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Labor and Material Requirements for Hospital and Nursing Home Construction BULLETIN 1691 U .S . D EPARTM ENT O F LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR S TA T IS T IC S Labor and Material Requirements for Hospital and Nursing Home Construction B U L L E T IN 1691 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F J. D. H o d g s o n , S e c r e t a r y LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner 1971 F o r s a le b y th e S u p e r in te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U. S. G overn m en t P r in t in g O ffic e , W a s h in g to n , D. C. - P rice 60 c e n t s P refa ce The fo llo w in g stu dy of la b o r and m a t e r i a l re q u ire m e n ts for h o sp ita l c o n s t r u c t i o n i s o n e i n a s e r i e s made b y t h e B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s o f v a r io u s ty p e s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n t h a t m igh t b e a f f e c t e d by f u t u r e g o v e r n m en tal a c t io n . I t i s c o m p r i s e d o f h o s p i t a l s f o r w h ic h c o n s t r u c t i o n was c o m p l e t e d i n t h e m ain b e t w e e n 1 965 and 1 9 6 6 , and i s s i m i l a r t o an e a r l i e r s t u d y made i n 1 9 5 9 . O ther p u b lis h e d s t u d ie s in t h is s e r i e s in c lu d e s c h o o l s , h ig h w a y s, F e d e r a l o f f i c e b u i l d i n g s , c i v i l w o r k s , p u b l i c h o u s in g , p r i v a t e o n e - f a m i l y d w e l l i n g u n i t s , c o l l e g e h o u s i n g , and s e w e r w o r k s . C o n s i d e r a b l e t im e i s r e q u i r e d t o c o n s t r u c t h o s p i t a l s , d e s i g n and draw s a m p l e s , o b t a i n c e r t i f i e d p a y r o l l s , t a b u l a t e m a n -h o u r s and w a g e s , and v i s i t a l l s u b c o n t r a c t o r s who w o r k e d on s a m p le p r o j e c t s . N everthe l e s s , d a t a p r e s e n t e d h e r e i n d i c a t e t r e n d s i n l a b o r r e q u i r e m e n t s and a r e u se fu l tim e. in a n a ly z in g changes in la b o r and m a t e r i a l u s a g e over p e rio d s of The B u rea u i s e s p e c i a l l y g r a t e f u l f o r t h e a s s i s t a n c e and c o o p e r a t i o n o f t h e P u b l i c H e a l t h S e r v i c e o f t h e D ep a rtm en t o f H e a l t h , E d u c a t i o n , and W e lf a r e and th e D epartm en t o f H e a lth o f t h e v a r i o u s S t a t e s t h a t p r o v id e d d a ta f o r d e te rm in in g d i r e c t la b o r re q u ire m e n ts . The B ureau a l s o a p p r e c i a t e s t h e c o o p e r a t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r s who p r o v i d e d a d d i t i o n a l d i r e c t l a b o r and m a t e r i a l s d a t a . The s t u d y was p r e p a r e d i n t h e B u r e a u ’ s O f f i c e o f P r o d u c t i v i t y and T ech n olog y . The t e x t was w r i t t e n b y M arth a F a rn s w o rth R ic h e . D ata w ere p rep a red under J o se p h T. F in n . th e d ire ct s u p e rv is io n of R obert B a ll and C ontents Page I n t r o d u c t i o n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N a t u r e o f s u r v e y ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 1 H i g h l i g h t s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Some o t h e r h i g h l i g h t s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B u i l d i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O n s i t e m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------R e q u i r e m e n t s b y o c c u p a t i o n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 3 3 7 8 A p p r e n t i c e s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------G e n e r a l a n d s p e c i a l t r a d e c o n t r a c t o r s 1 s h a r e s -----------------------------------------C o s t c o m p o n e n t s -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 9 10 D i r e c t wage 10 O ffs ite c o s t ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e m p l o y m e n t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 B u i l d e r s ' o f f s i t e e m p l o y m e n t ------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g e m p l o y m e n t -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E m p l o y m e n t i n o t h e r i n d u s t r i e s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 13 14 C o n s t r u c t i o n t i m e ----------------------------------------------------------E m p l o y m e n t b y c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d --------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 15 C o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 A p p e n d ix : S c o p e a n d m e t h o d o f s u r v e y -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S u r v e y c o v e r a g e —----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 20 M a n - h o u r e s t i m a t e s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 Tab l e s : 1. 2. 3. M a n -h o u r s p e r 100 s q u a r e f e e t and p e r $ 1 ,0 0 0 o f c o n t r a c t c o s t f o r h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n --------------------------------------------------------------N u m ber a n d c o s t o f h o s p i t a l a n d n u r s i n g p r o j e c t s , by s e le c t e d c h a r a c t e r is t ic s O n s it e m a n -h ou r re q u ire m e n ts for h om e c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d r e g i o n ---------------------- h o s p ita l and n u r s i n g 5. O n s it e m a n -h ou r r e q u ir e m e n t s p e r an d n u r s i n g home c o n s t r u c t i o n , M a n -h ou r r e q u ir e m e n t s p e r c o n t r a c t , by o ccu p a tio n 23 h om e c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o j e c t s , b y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and r e g i o n --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. 2 24 100 sq u a re f e e t o f h o s p i t a l b y o c c u p a t i o n a n d r e g i o n —— 25 $ 1 ,0 0 0 o f h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d r e g i o n , 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 --------------------------------- 26 iii C on ten ts— co n tin u e d Page 6. 7. A p p r e n t i c e s as a p e r c e n t o f e m p loym en t, b y o c c u p a t i o n a n d r e g i o n -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P ercent of t o t a l m a n -h ou r con tractor 8. W ages 9. A verage and as M a n -h ou r 11. A verage 12. H osp ita l square 14. 15. a percent o n s ite 18. by typ e of h ou rly con tract 28 c o s t -------------------------------------------------------- e a rn in g s, by se le cte d per ch a ra cte ristics of co n stru ctio n 31 18 T o t a l c o s t o f m a t e r ia ls p e r 100 sq u a re f e e t . o f h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n , 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 T o t a l c o s t o f m a t e r ia ls p e r 100 sq u a re f e e t o f h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t , 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 --------------------------------------------------------------- 36 T otal cost co n stru ctio n of m a te ria l co n stru ctio n h o sp ita l fe e t c o n s t r u c t i o n u s e o f m a jo r m a t e r i a l s p e r 100 f e e t ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- o f m a te ria l fo r square 30 32 cost o f weeks 100 29 c o n s t r u c t i o n ------------------------ T otal num ber h o sp ita l 17. of re q u ire m e n ts h o sp ita l 16. r e q u ire m e n ts , r e g i o n ------------------- r e g i o n s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10. 13. and 27 com pon en ts con tract, com pon en ts con tract, fo r each $ 1 ,0 0 0 of 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 -----------------------------------------fo r each $ 1 ,0 0 0 39 of 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 ------------------------------------------ 42 T o t a l c o s t o f m a t e r i a l s p e r 100 s q u a re f e e t o f n u r s in g h o m e c o n s t r u c t i o n , 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45 T o t a l c o s t o f m a t e r ia l com pon en ts f o r n u r s i n g home c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t , 48 ea ch $ 1 ,0 0 0 o f 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 --------------------------------- C harts: 1. T o t a l m a n -h ou r co n stru ctio n 2. T o t a l m a n -h ou r h o sp ita l re q u ire m e n ts by sector, re q u ire m e n ts co n stru ctio n by per 100 sq u a re 1 9 5 9 -6 0 per and $ 1 ,0 0 0 sector, fe e t of h o s p ita l 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 --------------------------------of 1 9 5 9 -6 0 con tract cost 4 fo r a n d 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 ------------- 4 C on ten ts— co n tin u e d Page 3. 4. P ercent d is tr ib u tio n o f h o s p ita l co n stru ctio n co sts per 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t , 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 a n d 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 -----------------------------------------------P ercent d istrib u tio n of o n site m a n -h ou rs of con stru ctio n la b o r f o r ea ch $ 1 ,0 0 0 o f h o s p i t a l c o n t r a c t b y d e c i l e o f c o n s t r u c t i o n t i m e , 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ v 11 16 LABOR AND MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HOSPITAL AND NURSING HOME CONSTRUCTION I n tr o d u c tio n H o s p i t a l i m p o r t a n t ( 2 ) m o r e m o r e f a f r o m s e r v i c e s c a r e M H a n d c i l i t i e s a s a n d M o s p i t a l $ 1 t h e f o r o f t o g r o w t h . t o b e t o 1 9 6 6 , t h e a t t o e n c o u r a g i n g o n e s o r a n d P u b l i c ( n e w T h i s w a s 1 9 5 9 o c c u p a t i o n a l N a t u r e o f s u r v e y T h i s r e p o r t 1 9 6 6 . i s D a t a e x p e c t e x p a n d e d b e t t e r h o m e s a s a h e a l t h r e s u l t o f t h e p r o f i t 1 9 5 9 t o r o s e h o s p i t a l i s s t i l l r e p o r t e d H o f t h e e l l t h a t i l l - B u r t o n i n c r e a s e t o o n t y p e s S e r v i c e u n d e r c o n f o r m i n c o n s t r u c t i o n m a d e a l l w o f t h i s t o a s b e d t o c o n s t r u c w i d e s p r e a d . S t a t e c a p a c i t y f a p l a n s h o s p i t a l m e e t e x i s t i n g m in im u m d e m a n d , r i s e M u c h o f s m a r e b y 1 0 p o p u l a t i o n c i l i t i e s s t a n d a r d s a l l e r 1 9 6 0 , s o m e e n t s , o n a l a t e o f a n d s u r v e y c o l l e c t e d o f c i l i t i e s n e e d e d p h y s i c a l l a b o r a n d 1 9 6 0 ' s . I n w i t h w h o s e f o r 6 1 t h o s e i n t o h o s p i t a l o f a s i m t r e n d s c o s t s i n c a n p u b l i c n u r s i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n h o s p i t a l s f a v o r g o o f a n d h o m e s t o o k 1 2 f o r a r e l a r g e r i c a l a t e r i a l o f a n d a c c o r d i n g a g e n c i e s t o o p e r a t e . r e q u i r e m e n t s a d d i t i o n , s e l e c t e d a n d s h o u l d e c o n o m m p u b l i c 1 9 7 8 , S t a t e i n a n d f o r b y i n c r e a s e i l l - B u r t o n i n s i g h t s h o s p i t a l s p a r t f a b i l l i o n e f f i c i e n t p r o j e c t s g e n e r a l H m e a s u r e t h e e x p e n d i t u r e s $ 4 t h i s t h e m o r e t o i n t o o f a s r e q u i r e m b a s e d w e r e p e r c e n t t o t o p r i v a t e , n o n r e s i d e n t i a l 1 9 6 9 . o f o n e - t h i r d a n d a l l o f a s t h a t m a j o r 1 / 2 n e e d c u r r e n t a n d n o n p r o f i t a 7 d e f i c i e n c i e s o u t f o r a n d a f f o r d o f f o r m a l r e a d y H e a l t h h o s p i t a l s , f i n d i n g s m e n t s , i n c i l i t i e s S e r v i c e . t h e t h e f a d e s i g n e d t h e f r o m t h i s b i l l i o n e x p e c t e d c o n s t r u c t i o n S t a t e s , f o r s a f e t y . h o s p i t a l U n i t e d $ 3 p a r t a r e e x p a n d e d ) a n d a d v a n c i n g ; p e o p l e p a y p u b l i c p r o p o r t i o n o f h o s p i t a l s p a t i e n t p h a s i n g s t u d y c o n s t r u c t i o n — v a l u e a b o u t l e a s t t h e p r o f i t c a n n o t n u r s i n g i n c r e a s i n g l y i s ( 3 ) c a n a n d i n c r e a s i n g r e p l a c e d H e a l t h i n p e o p l e w h o P u b l i c f o r u n d e r t a k e n g r o w s ; t h o s e r e f l e c t e d e x i s t i n g o r ( 4 ) e x p e n d i t u r e s c u r r e n t h o s p i t a l s a d d i t i o n s t h e a d d i t i o n , m e e t a n d b e c o m i n g k n o w l e d g e p o p u l a t i o n g r o w i n g h o s p i t a l p r o g r a m c o n s t r u c t i o n T o a t o n o n f e d e r a l c o v e r I n i s e d i c a l h o s p i t a l s h o m e T h e 1 9 5 9 f o r r e m o d e l e d p r i v a t e 1 9 6 9 . s u b s t a n t i a l c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r c e n t E v e n t o n u r s i n g i n n e e d e n d r i s e . r e p r e s e n t s i n f i n a n c i n g a s M e d i c a i d . b i l l i o n t h e ( 1 ) c o m m u n i t y ; e x p e n d i t u r e s , D e s p i t e t i o n , c o n s t r u c t i o n n e e d e d a c c e s s a n d p e r c e n t f r o m a r e i n c o m e s h o m e r e a s o n s : e d i c a l g r e a t e r c o n s t r u c t i o n A t m n o n p r o f i t — 9 1 / 2 n u r s i n g s e v e r a l t h e h a v e e d i c a r e a n d f o r b y i l a r c o m p a r i n g s t u d y t h e s e b e a n d r e q u i r e o b t a i n e d . p r i v a t e t h r o u g h o u t p l a c e n u r s i n g i n t h e 1 9 6 5 h o m e s , i n c l u d i n g b o t h o n e - f i f t h o f u n d e r H t h e c o v e r e d 4 6 s t r u c t i o n n e w a l l f a c i l i t i e s h o s p i t a l s i l l - B u r t o n g e n e r a l t o o k p r o g r a m h o s p i t a l p l a c e a n d a n d i n a d d i t i o n s . o n e - e i g h t h d u r i n g t h e p r o j e c t s , 1 9 5 9 a n d a l l s a m p l e s n u r s i n g p e r i o d . t h e 1 9 6 0 , T h e o f T h e g r e a t e r a n d d i d e a r l i e r p a r t n o t r e p r e s e n t h o m e s o f b u i l t s t u d y w h o s e i n c l u d e c o n n u r s i n g h o m e s . T h e s u r v e y s m a n - h o u r s w e r e r e q u i r e d d e s i g n e d f o r h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n . f r o m s i t e ; a n d t h e d e l i v e r t h e e a c h p r i m $ 1 , 0 0 0 M a n - h o u r s l a t t e r c o n s t r u c t i o n m I n t h a n 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 , e a c h i n 1 0 0 5 0 7 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 ( s e e s t r u c t i o n d e c r e a s e d m a n - h o u r s f o r t h e f e e t o f t a b l e b y t w o 6 p e r ( o n s i t e a n d h o s p i t a l 1 0 ) . s q u a r e f o r b o t h a t a n d r e q u i r e d t o p r o d u c e o f f s i t e ) o r w e r e r e q u i r e d a b o u t 1 7 a s p e r a o n s i t e y e a r . f o l l o w $ 1 , 0 0 0 c o n s t r u c t i o n 1 0 0 o f c o n t r a c t c o s t P e r 1 0 0 P e r P e r s q u a r e c e n t $ 1 , 0 0 0 c e n t f e e t m a n - h o u r s ----------------- 5 0 7 1 7 8 C o n s t r u c t i o n ---------------------------- 2 4 6 8 6 O n s i t e ------------------------------------------ 2 1 7 7 6 f f s i t e --------------------------------------- 2 9 1 0 a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------ 1 8 3 s e r v i c e s ---------------------------- O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------ 1 0 0 2/ 5 4 4 2 1 0 4 9 2 5 8 1 0 0 4 7 4 3 2 3 0 8 9 4 2 6 2 8 1 1 5 6 4 3 6 2 0 3 7 9 3 7 5 1 1 8 1 0 5 0 1 9 2 6 1 0 5 3 3 1 3 1 0 0 t r a n s p o r t a t i o n 2 / s : 1 / f e e t u p d a t e d c o n T o t a l P e r $ 1 , 0 0 0 1 / t o l e s s 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 P e r T r a d e , a w a y 1 . a n d s q u a r e M o f r e q u i r e d p e r c e n t f o r p e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t e d f e e t w e r e c o n s t r u c t i o n — M a n - h o u r s h o s p i t a l P e r O f e e t o f s p e n t 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 T o t a l n u m b e r s q u a r e i g h l i g h t s p e r c e n t , s t u d i e s 1 0 0 t i m e t h e 1 0 0 e m p l o y m e n t T a b l e M a n - h o u r s d e t e r m i n e e a c h a t e r i a l s . m a n - h o u r s s q u a r e t o f o r i n c l u d e r e p r e s e n t e d H b u i l d a r i l y a n d a n d D u e t o T h e s e r o u n d i n g , f i g u r e s i n p u t - o u t p u t d e t a i l s w e r e m a y r e v i s e d t o m o d e l . 2 n o t a d d t o 2/ 6 t o t a l s . i n c o r p o r a t e c h a n g e s i n 9 t h e C h a n g e s i m p o r t a n c e m a t e r i a l s a n d 1 2 r e l a t e d c o n t a i n e d I n O n s i t e t h a t 8 9 a s f e w e r a s d i f f e r e n t c h a n g e s b e d s ( s e e m a n - h o u r s c h a r t h o u r s w e r e o n s i t e i n t h e i n t h e r e l a t i v e a n d l o c a t i o n p r o d u c t i v i t y d u e t o h o s p i t a l h o s p i t a l s 1 7 8 i n t h e b u i l t m a n - h o u r s c o n s t r u c t i o n w e r e s h i f t s t y p e , a n d 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 6 i n t h e t e c h n o l o g i c a l y e a r s s u r v e y e a r l i e r h a d a n d 1 ) . w e r e f r o m r e f l e c t s i z e s , a v e r a g e t h a n t h e r e c a m e c o n s t r u c t i o n T h e s p a c e v a l u e , r e p r e s e n t e d S o m e e l l f l o o r m a n - h o u r s 2 1 0 c h a r t w r e q u i r e m e n t s o f i m p r o v e m e n t s . m o r e d o l l a r 8 6 m a n - h o u r h o s p i t a l s u s e d p e r c e n t c o s t ; i n o f 7 6 , r e q u i r e d a n d o f f s i t e p e r c o n s t r u c t i o n 1 0 . $ 1 , 0 0 0 a n d p e r 9 2 1 1 $ 1 , 0 0 0 f r o m T h e o f c o n t r a c t i n d u s t r i e s . e a r l i e r c o n t r a c t o f f s i t e o f o t h e r s t u d y c o s t , o f c o n s t r u c t i o n f o u n d w h i c h ( s e e 2 ) . o t h e r — h i g h l i g h t s C o n s t r u c t i o n — l a b o r o n l y — H — T h e r e a n d a o s p i t a l s c o s t 1 0 0 r e s i d u a l s q u a r e c o s t s f e e t c l i m w e n t b e d u p 1 0 p e r c e n t s u b s t a n t i a l l y , m a t e r i a l s l i t t l e . w e r e w e r e p e r l a r g e r , m o r e w i t h a d d i t i o n s f e w e r t o b e d s e x i s t i n g b u t m o r e f l o o r h o s p i t a l s , s p a c e . f e w e r n e w h o s p i t a l s . — M o r e — O c c u p a t i o n a l — H B u i l d i n g H p r o j e c t s o s p i t a l s i n r e q u i r e m t o o k m e t r o p o l i t a n e n t s l o n g e r t o c h a n g e d a r e a s . l i t t l e . b u i l d . c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o s p i t a l s . s u r v e y e d w e r e i n T h e 1 9 6 6 , a v e r a g e c o m p a r e d s i z e w i t h a n d t h e c o s t 4 6 o f t h e s u r v e y e d 6 1 h o s p i t a l e a r l i e r , 1 9 6 6 F l o o r C o s t s p a c e p e r ( 1 , 0 0 0 1 0 0 s q u a r e s q u a r e f e e t ) -------- f e e t ----------------------------------- C o s t p e r T o t a l W i t h a b e d ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- c o n s t r u c t i o n 1 2 - p e r c e n t d e c r e a s e i n c r e a s e d i n 3 1 t h e i n c r e a s e a v e r a g e p e r c e n t c o s t --------------------------------------- i n n u m b e r c o m p a r e d a v e r a g e o f 6 3 . 5 2 , 8 5 1 $ 2 2 , 1 7 2 w i t h 1 0 - 3 2 , 5 9 3 $ 1 6 , 9 4 7 86 $ 1 , 8 1 1 , 4 5 9 t h e s p a c e f o r $ 1 , 4 6 3 , 7 2 3 a n d a v e r a g e p e r c e n t - 5 6 . 5 $ 8 2 f l o o r b e d s , 1 9 6 0 $ B e d s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ p r o j e c t s w a s : a c o s t t h e 5 - p e r c e n t p e r a v e r a g e b e d c o s t p e r CHART 1 TOTAL M A N -H O U R REQUIREMENTS PER 100 SQUARE FEET OF HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION BY SECTOR, 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 AND 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 M A N -H O U R S 0 100 200 300 CHART 2 TOTAL M A N - H O U R REQUIREMENTS PER $1,000 OF CONTRACT COST FOR HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION BY SECTOR, 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 AND 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 - 4 - 1 0 0 s q u a r e c a t i o n m e n t o f f e e t . t h e r o o m s , s p a c e a n d T h i s m a n d o f n e w 2 5 - b e d A t w a s t h e c o s t p e r r e f l e c t s i n w o u l d t h e i n c r e a s i n g h o s p i t a l s . t e n d t o t a k e u p o t h e r w i s e b e d b e l o w w a s p e r m o r e t h e i n t h e 1 0 0 s o p h i s t i L a b o r a t o r i e s , t r e a t p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y m o r e h a v e m w e l l o t h e r s t h a n b e e n s e t a s i d e f o r a n d l o c a f o r o f c o n s t r u c t i o n , c o s t . t h e t h e t h e i n c l u d e d f e e t a n d a c o s t s t u d y a s s t u d y n u r s e s ' o n e A e x t r e m $ 1 3 , 4 5 8 p e r a p e r a v e r a g e . d o r m o n e s q u a r e w h i l e T h i s a n d f e e t i t s d i v e r b u i l d i n g s i t o r y b e d . 3 5 0 - b e d 1 0 0 w h o l e , f o u r e , o n e - s t o r y s e v e n - s t o r y I t s p r o j e c t ’ s a A t $ 3 5 0 , 0 0 0 . ' i n c l u d e d i l l i o n . a b o v e o n e o f a n d s q u a r e s t u d y $ 1 0 o n l y t y p e s i z e l e s s a v e r a g e $ 3 1 , 3 1 2 — b e c a u s e s e ; p e r t h a n t h e d e s i g n , c o s t $ 2 , 1 8 9 e x t r e m e , c o s t f a r i n v a r i e d s t u d i e d c o s t o c c u r r e d h o s p i t a l w h i c h h o s p i t a l s o t h e r t h a t $ 2 , 2 2 4 — g e n c e r o o m h o s p i t a l s b u i l d i n g h o s p i t a l e q u i p m e n t d i f f e r e n c e s i n d i v i d u a l t h e p r o b a b l y p r o v i d e d b e d s . R e f l e c t i n g t i o n , c a r e s p e c i a l d i s p l a c e p a t i e n t s ’ s h i f t e d i c a l a w a s a n u r s i n g s c h o o l . R e v e r s i n g w e r e m o r e p l e t e l y t h e l i k e l y p a t t e r n t o b e s e t i n 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 , a d d i t i o n s t o p r o j e c t s e x i s t i n g A d d i t i o n s a n d O n n e w h a d t h e w e r e t h e 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 r a t h e r s t u d y t h a n c o m n e w : N ew t h a n i n h o s p i t a l s w e r e h o s p i t a l a s q u a r e o t h e r 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 --------------------- 2 6 3 5 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 --------------------- 3 2 1 4 n o t n e c e s s a r i l y p r o j e c t s . f o o t h a n d , A d d i t i o n s a r e a a l l o f O n e l a r g e r t h e l e s s i m p o r t a n t s e v e n - s t o r y s m t h a n a l l a l l e s t o r l e s s a d d i t i o n c o s t b u t f o u r p r o j e c t s , o f i n s u b s t a n t i a l $ 8 . 5 t h e b o t h n e w c o s t m i l l i o n h o s p i t a l s . a n d s i z e , a d d i t i o n s . O v e r c o m p a r e d 6 0 p e r c e n t w i t h a b o u t w e r e g e n e r a l l y i t a n a r e a s , m l a r g e r o s t l y e q u i p m e n t . T h i s a c c o m m o d a t e i t i s N e a r l y h a l f m o r e t h a n a t h i r d c e n t t h a t w e r e o v e r h a l f o f d i v i d e d t h e p r o j e c t s p e r c e n t a n d i n m o r e b e c a u s e t h e y s t o r y 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 b e t w e e n t o i n n o n m o r b u i l t - i n e l l a s t h e c o s t s t r u c t u r a l o f p r o j e c t s f o u r t h e h a d s t o r i e s . p r o j e c t s t o a r e a s , h o s p i t a l s b u i l t p r o j e c t s t w o T h e s e t h o s e t h e 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 e t r o p o l i t a n 2 ) . s p e c i a l i z e d w t w o m t h a n i n t h e i n t a b l e m o r e a s h a d w e r e ( s e e i n c l u d e d i n c l u d e d o f s t u d i e d 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 e x p e n s i v e e q u i p m e n t s i n g l e t h e e v e n l y o f 4 3 w e r e h a d f o u r - f i v e s t o r i e s t h e h a l f o n l y o n e s t o r y ; a n d f i v e - o r o f S o u t h . s t o r i e s 5 n e e d e d t o p r o j e c t s . N e a r l y i n f e a t u r e s e t r o p o l t h e m o r e , t h e B y 2 0 a n d p e r c o n t r a s t , r e m a i n d e r s t o r i e s o r m o r e . w e r e T h e 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 , 1 9 6 6 , f e w e r m o r e t h a n A d d i t i o n s f o r n e w p r o j e c t s t h a n g r e a t e r T h e a v e r a g e d o f c o s t r e q u i r e m r e p a i r s . E x c e p t f o r s t r u c t u r a l f r a m i n g o n f r a m i n g w a s i n f o r c e d 5 9 p r i n c i p a l 8 5 e x t e r i o r p e r c e n t N u r s i n g I n s a m p l e g e n e r a l o n l y t h e m o f t h e i n g , u s e d i n 8 i n I t i s o f 1 2 p r o j e c t s t h e y t h i s s i z e F l o o r C o s t w l t i l l a n d c o s t ( 1 , 0 0 0 1 0 0 o r t o p e r T o t a l N u r s i n g h o m e s a v e r a g e , f i f t h s c o s t n u r s i n g a s m a n y a p p r o x i m h o m e s b e d s a s h o s p i t a l c a r e , n u r s i n g o f f l o o r s p a c e t h e i r A e v e n l y l l o f h o s p i t a l s m o r e t h e b e t w e e n n u r s i n g m h o s p i t a l s . h o m e s n u r s i n g h o m e t h a n f o r h o m e s t h o s e h o m e s i n n e w n o n m n o n m i n m a n d 6 a ( s e e h o m e s - i n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s w a s : $ 2 , 0 8 9 $ 9 , 4 3 6 6 5 $ 6 1 5 , 3 8 8 a s t a b l e w e r e h o s p i t a l s . s p a c e a n d g r e a t e r O n t h e f o u r o r p o s t p r o p o r t i o n 2 ) . d i v i d e d a r e a s . a r e a s a r e a s . d e t a i l , 2 9 . 5 m u c h e t r o p o l i t a n a i r n e a r l y v a r i a n c e . p o s t - o p e r a t i v e t h e y t h e a n d f u l l y s u r v e y e d f l o o r e t r o p o l i t a n e t r o p o l i t a n - m u c h f o r a l l o t p a t i e n t s w e r e a n d a s w a s p r o j e c t s . h o m e s m u c h y e a r . t h e A n d c o n s i d e r a b l e h o s p i t a l D e s i g n e d n a t u r a l l y b e d s n u r s i n g a s i n w e r e f e e t ) --------------------------- h a l f r e t h a t b a s e m e n t s . n u r s i n g o n e - t h i r d b u t p r o j e c t s , p e r c e n t c o s t -------------------------------------------------------- a t e l y S t e e l M a s o n r y f e e t ------------------------------------------------------ a l m o s t e t r o p o l i t a n s t u d i e d , e x p e n s i v e , t o h a d i n f o r o n e . . b e d ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- c o n s t r u c t i o n u s e d s t u d y , B e d s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C o s t i n t o e x i s t e d w a s p r o j e c t s t h e p a r t i a l n u r s i n g s q u a r e s q u a r e i t y c o n d i t i o n e d . a n a l y z e f r o m t h e 8 0 $ 2 , 7 5 9 t h a n m a i n l y p r o j e c t s l a t e r a i r s u b j e c t d i s c u s s o f t h e o f w i t h p e r c e n t . t h e u n i f o r m O v e r t o i s s u b s t a n t i a l l y s p a c e p e r i f f i c u r e p o r t d i f f e r a v e r a g e d o f p e r c e n t l l 3 0 i n s u b s t a n t i a l c o n c r e t e 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 o f t h e p a r t i a l l y h o m e s . o n l y i n m o r e 9 0 f u o n p e r c e n t e l e v a t o r s . h a d a t t r i b u t a b l e t h e p e r c e n t m p r o j e c t s i n I n m o r e ; a m o u n t . h i g h e r u n i f o r m s t e e l o r c o m p a r e d p e r c e n t R e i n f o r c e d p e r c e n t w e r e f e e t , 8 t h i s c o n s i d e r a b l e w e r e h a d e x c e e d e d w e r e e x p e n s i v e . d o l l a r s i n c l u d e f e a t u r e s a t e r i a l m o r e u s u a l l y 3 7 2 8 b u t i l l i o n a p p e a r s p r o p o r t i o n i n m s q u a r e p r o j e c t s , w i t h a l l 1 0 0 f i g u r e s a d d i t i o n s u s e d r e m a i n d e r t h e n , w h e r e T h e w a s w o f t h e t h e a p r o j e c t s f e a t u r e s . o n l y c o m p a r e d t h r e e - f o u r t h s a w a s a s l a r g e r , c o s t a d d i t i o n s s a m e c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n d i t i o n e d , f o r o f t h e m a s o n r y s t u d y O t h e r o v e r i n c o n c r e t e L o a d - b e a r i n g e a r l i e r p e r c e n t u s e d p e r f r a m c o n s t r u c t i o n o n l y t h e t h e s e e n t s , a n d h o s p i t a l o f o f a l t e r a t i o n s m o s t n o t p r o j e c t s $ 2 , 9 2 1 b o t h h i g h e r l a b o r t h e t h r e e - f o u r t h s h o s p i t a l s ; 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 . w e r e h a l f L i k e w e r e a b o u t t h e l a r g e r a n d O n s i t e m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s H o s p i t a l s . 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 t o o k c o r r e s p o n d i n g O n e m e n t s t a b l e r a t h e r 2 2 5 i n f o r h o s p i t a l a d d i t i o n s t h a n o n w o r k — a r e a s — n e w p e r t h e b e i n s q u a r e h o s p i t a l s m a n - h o u r s a n s m a l l m a y p r o j e c t s 1 0 0 o f 2 3 0 , t o t h e l a t e r n e w o f i n g r e a t e r s t u d i e d b u i l d . i n c r e a s e d e c r e a s e t h e f e e t ; 6 T h e p e r c e n t . m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e p r o p o r t i o n s t u d y . i n 1 / o f A d d i t i o n s p r o j e c t s o n l y 2 0 6 ( s e e d o w n o r s k i l l e d S t r u c t u r a l m a i n l y t o a n d a d d p r o j e c t s c o r e H o s p i t a l s t h o s e b u i l t s p e c i a l l i k e l y i n o f b e O n s i t e n u r s i n g b u i l t d e t e r m i n i n g r e q u i r e d m o r e e x p e n s i v e f r a m i n g 1 / a l l w i t h 1 5 4 m a n - h o u r s i n m e t r o p o l i t a n p r o j e c t s , 1 9 6 0 a s t e n d t o a n d m o r e s t u d y i t s t h e f o r r a z i n g r a t i o d e s i g n e d t e a r i n g s u p p o r t i n g e x i s t i n g s t r u c a r e a s , e q u i p m e n t . t h e a d d i t i o n h o u s e d T h e s e t o f u n c t i o n s . m o r e h o s p i t a l s , c o n c r e t e , u s e d m a n - h o u r s w h i c h a r e c a n n o t d i s t o r t t h a n o t h e r b e t h e t h a n h a v e m o r e 7 c o m p a r e d - i n f e e t 3 ) . f o r F a c t o r s n u r s i n g N u r s i n g s m a l l e r r e i n f o r c e d h o m e s h o m e s a r e a s ; c o n c r e t e p r o j e c t s . r e l a t i o n s h i p . - b e t w e e n f o r C o m p u t e d e a s i l y t a b l e t h a n u s e d r e q u i r e d m e a s u r e . s q u a r e h o s p i t a l s . a r e a s t h a t m a n - h o u r s p r i n c i p a l 1 0 0 ( s e e r e q u i r e m e n t s g o v e r n i n g p r o j e c t s l a b o r p e r h o s p i t a l s t h o s e r e q u i r e m e n t s w e r e f o r m a n - h o u r m a n - h o u r c h a n g e s 2 1 7 i n c o s t t o r e i n f o r c e d a s c o n t r a c t w e r e m e t r o p o l i t a n r e q u i r e d L a r g e r h i g h e r n e c e s s a r y s e r v i c i n g a r e a s s a m e r e q u i r e d T h e c h a n g e s a a n d s i n c e i n v o l v e d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e p a t i e n t a s r e q u i r e m e n t s d i f f e r e n c e s t h e t h e l a r g e a r e a s . s u c h t o c i t i e s . c o m p a r e d g e n e r a l l y a n d t h a t T h e y e l e c t r i c a l ) i n f l o o r , l a b o r , h a d a d d i t i o n s l i n k i n g m e t r o p o l i t a n f e a t u r e s d u e d i d . s t a t i o n s : e x t e n s i v e h o s p i t a l ’ s i n i n m a n - h o u r h o m e s a n d n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n s t r u c t u r a l t o t h e a d d i t i o n s f o r w i t h s u r g i c a l , r e q u i r e d b u i l t m i n o r a l o n g p r o b a b l y w a l l , u n s k i l l e d h o s p i t a l s p a r t i c u l a r l y m e d i c a l , s o m e t i m e s t h e n e w n u r s e s ’ h e a t i n g , a d d i t i o n s , e f f i c i e n t b e c o m e w a l l s , ( p l u m b i n g , O t h e r a n d w e r e t h r o u g h a n d T h u s , t h a n w e r e s p a c e r e b u i l d i n g f a c i l i t i e s t u r e . c h a n g e s b e d b r e a k i n g r e b u i l d i n g . c o s t s a d d i t i o n s s t r u c t u r e s . m o r e m a t e r i a l s t o f o r e x i s t i n g t e a r i n g o f l a b o r r e q u i r e m e n t s r e q u i r e d p r e c e d e d p r i c e w a s r e l a t i v e l y a l r e a d y n e c e s s a r i l y m o r e f e e t o n s i t e 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 t h e m a n - h o u r w o r k T h i s c e i l i n g w e r e 2 1 7 3 ) . H i g h e r n e w , s q u a r e o f c o n s t r u c t i o n m a n - h o u r s a l t e r a t i o n o u t 1 0 0 a v e r a g e f i g u r e r e a s o n f o r n e e d e d E a c h a n d e a c h $ 1 , 0 0 0 o n t h i s b a s i s , o v e r t i m e s i n c e o f R e q u i r e m e n t s O v e r w e r e b y 7 0 w o r k e d a c c o u n t e d p e r c e n t b y f o r 2 6 a n d s l i g h t i n c r e a s e c e n t , t o t h e T h e b y a n d t i e s . d e m a n d o p e r a t e d s y s t e m s , s e m i - 1 8 a n d a n d a n d f o r t h e r a p y f o r e l e c t r i c i a n s a n d i n a n d e n g i w a s w i t h f o r c r a f t s a a c o r 1 4 h o m e p e r f r o m t h e p r o j e c t s a m e . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . a n d t h e n e e d s , t o i l e t n e e d c a l l i n g n e e d e x t e n s i v e n u r s i n g a n d t h e t h e 2 2 p e r c e n t . v a r i e d r e f l e c t s f r o m a c c o u n t e d f o r g e n e r a l l y l a v a t o r y t o w o r k — P l u m b e r s w a s e q u i p m e n t , a d d i t i o n T h e r e 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 s a n i t a t i o n a n d 5 ) . e l e c t r i c a l p l u m b e r s r e s u l t s m e d i c a l s y s t e m s a n d n u r s i n g f o r w o r k e r s m a n - h o u r s . d i f f e r e n t g e n e r a l c o n s t r u c t i o n u n s k i l l e d ( s u p e r v i s o r s , e l e c t r i c i a n s i n s t a l l a t i o n s , s u r g i c a l 4 o v e r r e q u i r e m e n t s d e m a n d h o s p i t a l a n d m a n - h o u r s : c h a r a c t e r i z e d l a r g e c o n t r o l u n s k i l l e d w o r k e r s k i l l h o s p i t a l s t a b l e s m a n - h o u r s p e r c e n t , o f i n e m p l o y e e s c a r p e n t r y , r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r ( s e e w o r k e r s k i l l e d o r d e r m a n - h o u r s S e m i s k i l l e d p e r c e n t p l u m b i n g , f o r l a b o r a t o r y c a l l y i n r e l a t i v e l y T h e 3 h i e r a r c h y r e q u i r e d o n s i t e n o n p r o d u c t i o n s k i l l e d a l l m a n - h o u r g e n e r a l w o r k o f c a r p e n t e r s p r o j e c t , s a m e i n c r a f t s — p e r c e n t A l t h o u g h f o r d e c r e a s e T h r e e 5 4 a l l c r a f t s m e n . p e r c e n t ; c l e r k s ) r e s p o n d i n g o f s k i l l e d n e e r s , f o r o c c u p a t i o n f o r a n d f o r f a c i l i e l e c t r i s i g n a l i n g l i g h t i n g e q u i p m e n t . R e g i o n a l a r e v a r i a t i o n s i n d e s i g n c o n s t r u c t i o n c a u s e d b y T h e h i g h e r p r o p o r t i o n i n g b u i l d i n g s ) c a r p e n t e r s A i n w a s t h e n u m b e r o f a n d f a c t o r s e x a m p l e , w o r k a n d l a b o r p e r c e n t 7 6 p e r c e n t , T h e i n m a y r e l a t e d t h e w o r k t r a d e s p r a c t i c e s . c h a n g e s t o n u m b e r o f l a r g e r r e q u i r e m e n t s m a n - h o u r j o b o f e x i s t u n i o n s . t h e a f f e c t r e q u i r e m e n t s . c l a s s i f i c a t i o n l o c a l d e t e r m i n e t h e p a r t i c u l a r l y w o r k e r s . f o r 3 4 W e s t ; p e r s i s t e n c e i n w o r k e r s I n e x t e n t i m p o r t a n t t h e p e r c e n t o f S o u t h , t o t a l t h e p e r c e n t a g e s a l l r e g i o n s i s c o n s t r u c t i o n . p r o v i d e d o f n o t e w o r t h y m a y I n t o v a r y w h i c h t h e F o r a c c o r d a d d i t i o n , i n t h e a v a i l l a b o r d i v i s i o n u n s k i l l e d m a n - h o u r s , f o r u n s k i l l e d a n d m e c h a n i z a t i o n i n m a t e r i a l s h a n d l i n g , j o b s h a n d l e d f o r m e r l y b y s e m a i n A p p r o x i m a t e l y b y d i f f e r e n t a s s a v i n g s k i l l e d a n d b e t w e e n s e m c o m p a r e d t r a d e s w e r e i s k i l l e d w i t h 6 2 a n d r e s p e c t i v e l y . s k i l l e d h o s p i t a l a r e u n s k i l l e d a c c o u n t e d 1 8 f o r w e l l e m p l o y e d . f a c t o r s a n d e m p l o y e e s w e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n l o w - p a i d T h e s e f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n o f i s a s ( i n c l u d i n g o c c u p a t i o n a l p a r t i c i p a t i o n s k i l l e d l e s s e r c r e w b e s i d e s o f r e l a t i v e e q u i p m e n t n e e d s r e s p o n s i b l e t h e a b i l i t y r e q u i r e m e n t s N o r t h e a s t . d i s t r i b u t i o n t o a d d i t i o n s p r o b a b l y r e g i o n a l i n g o f m a n - h o u r 2 6 r e l a t i v e l y v i e w p e r c e n t i s k i l l e d 8 - t h e o f e m p l o y e e s e x c a v a t i o n , l a b o r e r s . - o f l a r g e p r o p o r t i o n c o m p l e x a l l n a t u r e o n s i t e d e s p i t e c l e a n i n g , o f o f m a n - h o u r s c o n s i d e r a b l e a n d s i m i l a r A p p r e n t i c e s A p p r e n t i c e s n e a r l y 5 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 T h e p e r c e n t o r i n f o r m a l , a l l n e a r l y p r o p o r t i o n t i o n i n o f 7 o f 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 — r e g i s t e r e d o n s i t e p e r c e n t o f a p p r e n t i c e s n e a r l y 6 a p p r e n t i c e m a n - h o u r s s k i l l e d w a s a p e r c e n t i n ( s e e n u r s i n g w o r k e r s , 8 a c c o u n t e d c o n s t r u c t i o n m a n - h o u r s h i g h e r a l l p r o g r a m s h o s p i t a l t r a d e b i t o f i n t a b l e h o m e p e r c e n t f o r i n 6 ) . c o n s t r u c o f s k i l l e d t r a d e s m e n . A p p r e n t i c e c e n t o f o t h e r t h e t r a d e s . m e c h a n i c s , e l e c t r i c i a n s h o u r s w o r k e d T h r e e a n d i n t r a d e s — o p e r a t i n g o c c u p a t i o n s i s u s u a l l y u n t i l t h e i s f u l l y t r a i n e e c a l l e d o p e r a t i o n , G e n e r a l h e l p e r s , a r e a n d g r o u p e d s p e c i a l E m p l o y e e s o f a s t r a d e g e n e r a l a n d o f e l e c t r i c a l , a n d p l a s t e r i n g ( s e e r e q u i r e d t a b l e b e t w e e n 7 ) . t h e T h e p r o j e c t s ; i n a w o r k , " h e l p e r s a n d c o n t r a c t o r s 1 s h a r e s c o n t r a c t o r s , a a n d t r a d e 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 a l s o a c c o u n t e d c h a n g e o f a l l h i g h e s t a d d i t i o n s t h e a m o u n t w a r r a n t e d u s e o f P l u m b i n g a n d h e a t i n g T h i s o f p e r c e n t a g e r e l a t i v e l y h e a v y a n d E a c h w a l l s a s p r o j e c t p r o j e c t s . o f t h e o f c o n t r a c t o r v a r i e d e v i d e n c e w e l l a s a s o f i t s a v e r a g e d 2 6 t h i s l a r g e r , a l m o s t p r i m e a n d n u m b e r o f w h o m a n d a r e h e a t i n g , o f 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 a l l s t u d y u s e - i n f o r f o r r e q u i r i n g t o g e t h e r p e r c e n t m o r e r e g i o n s , h o s p i t a l 8 . 5 u s e t h e n e w s p e c i a l a c c o u n t e d t h a n i n c o n s t r u c t i o n . o f o f a l l p l a s t e r m a n f o r c e i l i n g s . t h e c o n s i d e r a b l y o n e s i n t o r e f l e c t i n g p e r c e n t s u b c o n t r a c t o r s — e x p e n s i v e 9 4 h i g h e s t a d d i t i o n s c o n t r a c t o r s . u n i v e r s a l v a r i e d s p e c i a l i z a t i o n . w o r k b e t w e e n s e r v i c e s a c c o u n t e d w i d e s p r e a d - e q u i p m e n t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c w a s o f c o n t r a c t o r s s l i g h t l y t h e s e t h e m o r e o f r e q u i r e m e n t s — o n l y f o r r a t i o s e p a r a t e e l e c t r i c a l c o n t r a c t o r s H o w e v e r , p r o j e c t , a n d m a n - h o u r d e m a n d l a t h i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s — i n t e r i o r t o t a l s t a t u s , p e r c e n t t h e t h i s m a n - h o u r s t h e f o r p e r c e n t i n 8 0 i n s t u d i e s . s h a r e h a d n o e l e v a t o r r e p o r t . n u m b e r i n p e r i n j o u r n e y m a n i n p l u m b i n g f o r i n c l u d e d a s t h i s s i g n i f i c a n t h o s p i t a l s p r a c t i c a l l y i n c o n t r a c t o r s — l a t h i n g — t h e a l e a r n i n g o i l e r s , t e n d e r s " h a v e P l a s t e r i n g 1 9 6 0 W o r k e r s o r 1 2 t h a n T r a i n i n g i n e l e v a t o r f o r m e c h a n i c s , a p p r e n t i c e s . n o t 1 9 6 0 . h o u r n o m a y 3 5 t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n h a d q u a l i f i e d . t h e r e g i o n a c c o u n t e d p r o p o r t i o n a s s i s t i n g c o n t r a c t o r s ’ T h i s e a c h g r e a t e r b y s p e c i a l w a s a n d e q u i p m e n t a f o r m a l l y b u i l d T h e r e g e n e r a l t r a d e s m e n f o r t o 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 N o r t h e a s t . h o s p i t a l t h r e e s e t t e r s c r a f t , a c q u i r e d w i t h c a r p e n t e r s , m a n - h o u r s t i l e e n g i n e e r s — t h e s e w h e t h e r a n d t h e i r r e q u i r e d s a m e w i t h a t h e h i g h e r a s t h e s i z e d e g r e e C o s t c o m p o n e n t s H o s p i t a l s u r v e y c o s t s p e r i o d s , i n c r e a s e d a s s h o w n b y b y t h e H o s p i t a l a b o u t 1 0 p e r c e n t f o l l o w i n g c o s t p e r 1 0 0 s q u a r e 1 9 6 0 T o t a l + 4 R e s i d u a l ---------------------------- ------------- 4 5 1 5 3 3 + 1 8 B a s e d c o s t o n o f l a t e s t u d i e s t h e t h e s a m e a s i n o v e r h e a d a n d a n d w h i c h c a n n o t a d m i n i s t r a t i v e y a r d P a r t l y t h e s e c o s t s b e a t t r i b u t e d o f f s i t e o p e r a t i o n s , p r o f i t . p e r i o d , c h a r t i n s u r a n c e r e f l e c t i n g w e n t u p 1 8 t o s a l a r i e s , a n d t a x e s , i n c r e a s e d p e r c e n t a s i n t e r e s t b e t w e e n t h e 3 ) . c o s t p a y m e n t s o f t o o n s i t e h o s p i t a l s 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 . c o s t , r e f l e c t s i n d a t a . i n c l u d e s o f f i c e o v e r h e a d ( s e e w a g e W a g e I t c e n t r a l o t h e r r e v i s e d r e p r e s e n t s f u n c t i o n s . c o s t w a g e s t h e 2 a t l a r g e l a b o r a v e r a g e d s t u d i e d i n 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 — W a g e s a t n e w J a d d i t i o n s , u n i t p e r c e n t p e r c e n t o f p e r c e n t a g e p r o j e c t s 3 0 . 8 m a n - h o u r 2 9 . 6 t h i s a v e r a g e d ( s e e r e q u i r e m e n t s 2 8 . 0 t a b l e f o r t h e w a s t o t a l a b o u t t h e p e r c e n t 9 ) . o f T h i s a d d i t i o n s c o m p a r e d t o s t r u c t u r e s . A v e r a g e S i n c e h o u r l y p r o d u c t i v i t y , i n c r e a s e d b y T r a n s l a t i n g d u c t i v i t y p e r c e n t o v e r t h e s e r o s e a n d H i g h e r h i g h e r T h e 1 5 + c h a r g e s n e w 1 0 8 4 4 a s t o t a l + 1 , 4 7 4 r e s i d u a l D i r e c t $ 2 , 8 5 1 7 3 1 e x p e n s e s t w o c h a n g e 1 , 4 1 1 s p e c i f i c w e l l P e r c e n t a t e r i a l s ------------------------ ------------- 1_/ t w o f e e t 1 9 6 6 $ 2 , 5 9 3 t h e L a b o r --------------------------------------- ------------M T h e ------------- ---------- b e t w e e n t a b u l a t i o n : u n i t e x c e p t i o n s $ 4 . 0 4 ; 2 / t h e t h i s r o s e p e r c e n t , 1 . 0 c o s t s h o u r l y g e n e r a l l y a v e r a g e w a s 2 2 b y u n i t i n t o p e r c e n t w a g e b y m e a s u r e d p r o p o r t i o n w a g e W a g e a s f i g u r e s a v e r a g e a v e r a g e e x a m p l e , b y 6 w a g e s w a g e y e a r , 2 . 4 t h e w a g e p a y m e n t s d o n o t r a t e s a v e r a g e w e r e f r o m o f s u b s t a n t i a l l y 6 - y e a r o n s i t e i n c r e a s e d a n n u a l c o n t r a c t r e s u l t e d h o u r l y c o s t s t h e i n p e r i o d . m a n - h o u r s , b y 1 6 p e r c e n t . ( c o m p o u n d e d ) , h o u r l y w a g e s b y p r o 3 . 4 p e r c e n t . e a r n i n g s o f o v e r r e d u c t i o n a v e r a g e a b y p e r c e n t t h e g e n e r a l l y g o i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o j e c t s h i g h e r i n c l u d e 1 0 t o f r i n g e - u s i n g t h a n t h e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h w a g e s t a b l e ( s e e d i f f e r e n c e s . a s t e e l f r a m i n g w a s $ 3 . 8 9 a v e r a g e f o r b e n e f i t s . 9 ) . F o r a l l CHART 3 PERCENT D I S T R I B U T I O N OF H O S P IT A L C O N S T R U C T I O N CO STS PER 1 0 0 S Q U A R E FEET, 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 a n d 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 M a t e r i a l Costs D e c l i n e d b u t O n - s i t e W a g e s a n d R e s i d u a l I te ms Increased B etw een the Two Periods RESIDUAL NOT OTHERWISE CLASSIFIED ON-SITEWAGES EQUIPMENT 1959 - 60 1.2% MATERIALS RESIDUAL NOT OTHERWISE CLASSIFIED ON-SITEWAGES 1965 EQUIPMENT - 66 1.3% 11 p r o j e c t s , p o r t i o n y e t o f m a n - h o u r w a g e s c o s t s . r e q u i r e m e n t s V a r i a t i o n s d i s t r i b u t i o n f r o m a n y t h a n f o r e , m r a t i o o r r e g u l a r r a n g e W a g e s a s o f u n u s u a l h o u r l y o f w a g e s a s o f a r e t o a l l t h e w i t h a r e s p e c i a l t h e a o f p e r c e n t s t e m b e h i g h e r i n t h e s m a l l e r t h a n p r o a v e r a g e l a b o r c o n t r a c t c o s t u r b a n T h e r e a v e r a g e c e n t e r s . s u b s t a n t i a l l y s u c h t r a v e l a s t i m e c o s t t h a n a n d g e n e r a l l y c o n d i t i o n s , a s r e g i o n . v a r i e d t h a t t h e m e t r o p o l i t a n h i g h e r i n c o s t w o r k d i r e c t f r o m a r e a s e l e v a t o r s , w i t h u s u a l l y s u c h m o r e i n s a m e s e v e r a l c o n s t r u c t i o n i n c r e a s e d c o n t r a c t t o a l t e r a t i o n a r r a n g e m e n t s , a l o w e r n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a s s o c i a t e d p r o j e c t s t o t a l f r o m p r o b a b l y a n d a r e a s b u i l d i n g s b y p r o j e c t . t e n d p o p u l a t e d t h e s e l a b o r o f r e p r e s e n t e d e x p l a i n e d e a r n i n g s r a t e s a d d i t i o n s , r a t e s , p e r c e n t W a g e w a g e s t y p e b e m e t r o p o l i t a n g e n e r a l A s i d e p r o j e c t s c a n h o u r l y d e n s e l y i n o f 8 ) . t h i s b e t w e e n s i n c e c o n s t r u c t i o n b l e m s , f o r b u i l d i n g s , p r o j e c t s t a b l e n i e d l e s s f r a m e d i s p a r i t y f a c t o r . e a r n i n g s , T h e T h e i n s t e e l a v e r a g e w o r k u l t i s t o r y c o s t l i e r ( s e e i n o f o t h e r a r e a s h o u r l y o f T h i s o f a c c o m p a s i t e p r o i n c l u d e d s o m e i n p r o j e c t s . w a s : P e r c e n t o f h o s p i t a l s s t u d i e d 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 U n d e r 2 0 . 0 0 .0 2 0 . 1 - 2 2 . 5 9 . 0 2 2 . 6 - 2 5 . 0 1 2 . 3 2 5 . 1 - 2 7 . 5 2 2 .0 2 7 . 6 - 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 - 3 2 . 5 3 2 . 6 a n d 1 8 . 7 1 7 . 5 o v e r 2 0 . 5 O E a c h e l y 1 1 / 3 s u p p l i e s , s t u d i e d t a b l e m a n - h o u r a n d i n 1 0 ) . T h e p e r 1 0 0 o f f s i t e t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p t h e s a m e d r o p p e d 8 t o E m p l o y m e n t c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o d u c e a n d s i t e i n t h e h o s p i t a l s w h o s e r a t i o w a s a b o u t s a m e f e e t t h e g e n e r a t e d r e q u i r e d d i s t r i b u t e 2 9 0 a s i n h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n . d e c l i n e d b e t w e e n T o t a l p e r c e n t , w a s m a i n t a i n e d m a n - h o u r s o n s i t e i n 1 2 t h e b e c a u s e 6 o f a t e r i a l s , p e r c e n t . w a s ( s e e o f f s i t e B o t h t w o t h e y m a n u f a c t u r i n g , c o n s t r u c t i o n , m 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 m a n - h o u r s o f t h e m a p p r o x i m a t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s b e t w e e n r a t e . t h e p r o j e c t s s q u a r e m a n - h o u r a t u s e d T h i s 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 a n d a b o u t w o r k m a n - h o u r s e q u i p m e n t 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 . e m p l o y m e n t e t c . o f a d d i t i o n a l f f s i t e o n s i t e s t u d i e s , d e c l i n e d t r a d e a n d b u t a t s e r v i c e s , O f f s i t e e m p l o y m e n t c a t e g o r i e s : ( 1 ) w a r e h o u s i n g c a t e d a n d a c t i v i t i e s ; r a w m a t e r i a l s a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n ( 4 ) a l l t i o n t h e o t h e r o f t u a l l y o f a n d t h e f o l l o w i n g b u i l d e r s ’ a d m m a n u f a c t u r i n g : a n d e q u i p m e n t ; f a b r i c a t e d f a b r i c a t e d a n d d i r e c t l y r a w i n d u s t r i e s m o r a s g r o u p s i n d i r e c t l y a n d p r o d u c i n g a f f e c t e d b y a n d t h e t r a n s f e r s f o r e s t r y , a n d f a b r i w a r e h o u s i n g e q u i p m e n t ; ( I n t e r i n d u s t r y a g r i c u l t u r e , a n d e s t i m a t i n g t r a n s p o r t a t i o n : m a t e r i a l s a t e r i a l s . s u c h a c t i v i t i e s ( 3 ) r a w i n d u s t r y i n i s t r a t i v e , a n d p r o d u c e v e n m i n i n g o f f s i t e . ) S o m e b u t p e o p l e w h o B u i l d e r s ’ T h e m e n t t h e o f f s i t e s t u d y w o r k T h e e s t i m a t e d a n d t o t a l i n d u s t r y . h a v e i s 3 / w o r k e d M a n - h o u r 1 9 5 9 - 5 0 a n d e m p l o y m e n t , t h e T h e t o o k a n d 3 / w o r k e r s b u i l d i n g t h e c o n t r i b u t e d s t u d y , c o m p a n i e s , t o i n c l u d e d a n d S t a t e a n d h o s p i t a l e m p l o y e e s l o c a l c o n s t r u c i n g o v e r n m e n t s . t o m e a s u r e a l m o s t s t u d y . c o n t r a c t o r s ’ i m p o s s i b l e C o n s e q u e n t l y , o n l y o n t h e t o b u i l d e r s ’ p r o j e c t s o f f s i t e r e l a t e s t u d i e d s u c h o f f s i t e b u t e m p l o y e m p l o y m e n t a l s o e m p l o y m e n t o n t h e p r o j e c t s . 2 9 m a n - h o u r s o n t h e i n e s t i m a t e f o r e a c h d i f f e r e n c e t h e a l s o 1 0 0 s q u a r e b e t w e e n g e n e r a l b u i l d i n g i n c l u d e s f e e t o f h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n s e l f - e m c o n t r a c t p l o y e d w o r k e m p l o y c o n s t r u c t i o n c r a f t s m e n w h o p l a c e M o s t c h a n g e s i n o f f s i t e o f f s i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n m a n - h o u r s r e l a t i v e l y s l o w l y . d e c l i n e o f f s i t e b a r e l y c h a n g e d r e p r e s e n t w m a n - h o u r s b e t w e e n b e t w e e n h i t e - c o l l a r o f t h e i n m a n u r a c t u r i n g — i n t h e e c o n o m i c s e c t o r m o s t t h e t w o a f f e c t e d c o n s t r u c t i o n . s a m e g l a s s i n d u s t r i e s f o r b o t h A d m i n i s t r a t o r s , c o n t r a c t f o r p r o v i d e d s t u d i e s : p r o d u c t s ; a c c o u n t e d m a y s i t e . e m p l o y m e n t m a n u f a c t u r i n g c l a y n o t r e q u i r e m e n t s w h i c h b y a t t e m p t w a s e m p l o y m e n t T h r e e - f o u r t h s h o s p i t a l i t 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 . M a n u f a c t u r i n g s t u d i e s n o t b a s e d T h i s a t u n d o u b t e d l y c o v e r e d u t i l i t y u n d e r o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n m e n t d i d d o n e w o r k e m p l o y m e n t s i n c e p r o j e c t s c o n t r a c t o r s ’ n o t f i r m s , e x a c t l y , i n c l u d e s w h o s e w e r e a r c h i t e c t u r a l b y i n t o ( 2 ) i n d u s t r i e s a f f e c t t i o n , t o f e l l C o n s t r u c t i o n : a n d m o s t m a c h i n e r y e n g i n e e r s , o v e r o f 1 4 c o n s t r u c t i o n t h e f a b r i c a t e d a n d e s t i m p e r c e n t o f i n d u s t r y 1 3 - o f f s i t e a n d e l e c t r i c a l a t o r s , a l l i n m a n - h o u r s p r i m a r y a n d i n s t o n e , p r o d u c t s . o t h e r e m p l o y m e n t 1 9 6 5 . m e t a l s ; i n s a l a r i e d t h e g e n e r a l Changes change in in the o ffsite demand m an -h ou r fo r re q u ire m e n ts m a te ria ls produced can in represent th at e ith e r in d u stry or a a change in th e in d u s t r y ’ s p r o d u c t iv i t y . T h e m o s t m a r k e d d e c l i n e i n o f f s i t e m an h ou rs in m a n u fa ctu rin g i n d u s t r ie s o c c u r r e d in f a b r i c a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts and p r im a r y m e t a l s . The u s e o f m e t a l p r o d u c t s i n h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n d e clin e dropped le s s over su b s ta n tia lly in th e s t o n e , e q u iv a le n t th e 6 -y e a r b e t w e e n t h e tw o s t u d i e s . c l a y and g l a s s i n d u s t r y . to the in c r e a s e p e rio d . On t h e O f f s i t e m a n -h ou rs a l s o T h is d e c l i n e was m ore o r i n t h i s i n d u s t r y ’ s o u tp u t p e r m an -h ou r o t h e r h a n d , m a n -h ou rs r e q u ir e d t o p r o duce e l e c t r i c a l p ro d u cts used in h o s p it a l c o n s t r u c t io n b a r e ly ch anged, d e s p i t e a s i z a b l e i n c r e a s e in o u tp u t p e r m a n -h ou r i n t h i s i n d u s t r y . T h is r e s u l t i s p r o b a b ly due t o g r e a t e r u s e o f th e s e p r o d u c t s in h o s p i t a l co n stru ctio n . E m p loy m en t in O ffs ite oth er in d u strie s m a n -h ou rs in p e r c e n t betw een 1 9 5 9 -6 0 p la c e in tr a n s p o r ta tio n put p e r m a n -h ou r; se rv ice s on the n on m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u strie s d e clin e d by and 1 9 6 5 -6 6 . The m ost s i g n i f i c a n t d ro p and p a r a l l e l e d t h a t i n d u s t r y ' s i n c r e a s e oth er hand, m a n -h ou rs in w h o le sa le 7 .2 took in o u t trade and in cre a se d . N u rsin g hom es. To b u i l d th e n u rs in g hom es stu d ie d in 1 9 6 5 -6 6 r e q u i r e d 375 m a n -h o u r s p e r 100 s q u a r e f e e t b o t h on and o f f t h e s i t e . T he p r o p o r t i o n o f o n t o o f f s i t e m a n -h o u r s w as a l m o s t t h e sam e f o r n u r s i n g hom es a s f o r h o s p i t a l s — o f f s i t e m a n -h o u r s w e r e 57 p e r c e n t o f a l l h o s p i t a l m a n -h ou rs, ta b le 1 0 ). By a n d d is trib u te d fo r h o sp ita l co n trib u te d la rg e , a m on g 59 p e r c e n t o ffs ite th e m a n -h ou rs v a rio u s co n stru ctio n . m ore m a n -h ou rs of fo r in d u strie s The to a ll lu m b er n u rs in g n u rs in g n u rs in g in C o n stru ctio n home about in d u stry home h om e m a n - h o u r s th an th e was to (se e co n stru ctio n w ere sam e p r o p o r t i o n th e o n ly h o s p ita l one as th at co n stru ctio n . T im e On t h e a v e r a g e , n e a r l y 2 y e a r s — 91 w e e k s — w e r e r e q u i r e d t o b u i l d the h o s p it a l s s tu d ie d (s e e t a b le 1 1 ). C o n stru ctio n fo r in d iv id u a l p ro j e c t s v a r i e d f r o m 43 t o 2 0 0 w e e k s . P r o je c t s s tu d ie d in 1 9 6 5 -6 6 to o k over took 3 m onths l o n g e r t o c o m p le t e th a n a p p r o x i m a t e l y a y e a r and a h a l f , C o n stru ctio n tim e v a r ie d re g io n , C entral due to d i f f e r e n c e s in re g io n s, co n stru ctio n S ou th . O n ly in th e W est d id not th ose stu d ie d o r 77 w e e k s . o n ly clim a te . took fa r - 14 - s iz e of 1 9 5 9 -6 0 , p r o je c t but w h ich a lso In t h e N o r t h e a s t and N o rth l o n g e r t h a n i n t h e W e st and co n stru ctio n le v e l. by in tim e rem ain n e a r th e by the 1 9 5 9 -6 0 N u rsin g hom es, w h ich w ere s m a lle r on th e a v e ra g e p r o j e c t s , t o o k an a v e r a g e o f 58 w e e k s t o b u i l d . E m p loym en t b y To fin d con stru ction a ty p ica l th an th e h o s p it a l p e rio d em p loym ent p a t t e r n fo r p r o je c ts of a ll siz e s, c o n s t r u c t i o n tim e f o r e a c h h o s p i t a l was d i v i d e d i n t o 10 e q u a l p a r t s . F o r e x a m p le , 10 1 1 /2 - m o n t h p e r i o d s w e r e u s e d f o r a h o s p i t a l t h a t was c o n s t r u c t e d i n 15 m o n t h s . A c c o r d i n g t o t h i s m e th o d , m a n -h ou rs r e q u i r e d to con stru ct h o sp ita ls in th is stu dy, by d e cile , w ere: 2 d .............. 3 .8 8 .2 6 t h ........... 7 t h ........... 1 2 .5 3 d .............. 4 t h ........... 1 0 .7 1 3 .3 8 t h ........... 9 t h ........... 1 0 .7 8 .0 5 t h ........... 1 4 .9 1 0 t h ........... 3 .9 1 s t ........... 1 4 .0 R e l a t i v e l y few m a n -h ou rs w ere n e e d e d a t th e b e g in n in g o f th e p r o j e c t s ; demand b u i l t t o a p e a k i n t h e f i f t h p e r i o d an d t h e n d r o p p e d s h a r p l y i n t h e l a s t tw o ( s e e c h a r t 4 ) . T h is p a t t e r n was m ore o r l e s s t h e sam e a s i n 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 . S e v e n t y - s i x p e r c e n t o f t h e o n s i t e em ploym ent was a s s i g n a b l e t o t h e t h i r d t h r o u g h t h e e i g h t h p e r i o d s , o r t h e m i d d l e 60 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n t im e . A b o u t 4 p e r c e n t o f t h e m an h o u r s f e l l i n b o t h t h e f i r s t and t h e l a s t p e r i o d s . C o n stru ctio n M a te ria ls M a t e r i a ls c o s t 4 p e r c e n t m ore f o r e a c h 100 c o n s t r u c t i o n in 1 9 6 5 -6 6 th an in 1 9 5 9 -6 0 . These square fe e t o f h o s p ita l c o s t s w e n t u p m u ch l e s s th an d id l a b o r o r r e s i d u a l c o s t s — th e o t h e r c o s t c o m p o n e n ts . q u e n tly , m a te r ia ls a ccou n ted f o r a sm a lle r p r o p o r tio n o f th e o f h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n in 1 9 6 5 -6 6 . M a te ria ls as percent A ll New--------------------------------------------------- 5 2 .4 5 5 .7 A d d i t i o n s -------------------------------------- 5 1 .2 5 1 .3 The p e r c e n t a g e equal on r e v i s e d 3 on p a g e 1 0 0 .0 1 9 5 9 -6 0 ^ 5 4 .4 B ased so 1 9 6 5 -6 6 5 1 .7 1/ chart cost p r o j e c t s 2 / ------------------------------ 2/ percent o f p r o je c t Conse to ta l cost 12. data. show n h e r e The l a t t e r was th at m a t e r ia ls , percent fo r is la b o r, g ra p h ic h ig h e r lo w e re d eq u ip m en t th an on e -te n th and p re se n ta tio n . 15 - th at shown of in one r e s i d u a l w ou ld CHART 4 PERCENT D I S T R I B U T I O N OF O N - S I T E M A N - H O U R S OF C O N S T R U C T IO N LA B O R FOR EACH $ 1 , 0 0 0 OF HOSPITAL C O N T R A C T BY DECILE O F C O N S T R U C T I O N T I M E , 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 S e v e n ty -s ix P ercent of the O n - s i t e L a b o r was P e r f o r m e d in t h e M i d d l e Six P e r i o d s PERCENT OF ON-SITE MAN HOURS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DECILES OF CONSTRUCTION TIME 16 8 9 10 M a te ria ls fig u re s in c lu d e d e p re cia tio n charges or ren tal costs fo r c o n s t r u c t i o n eq u ip m en t u s e d , a s w e l l as c o s t s o f s u p p l i e s con su m ed . They a l s o i n c l u d e m a t e r i a l s o r f i x e d eq u ip m en t i n c o r p o r a t e d i n th e s t r u c t u r e s . U n f o r t u n a t e l y , a g o o d d e f l a t o r t o rem ove th e e f f e c t o f p r i c e ch a n g e from v a lu e change is n o t a v a il a b le f o r th e c o n s t r u c t io n in d u s t r y . C onse q u e n tly , changes T a b le s 13 in m a te r ia ls and 14 sh ow costs th e v a lu e u se d f o r e a ch 100 s q u a r e f e e t th e 1 9 5 9 -6 0 h o s p i t a l s t u d i e s . a p p r o x im a t e ly $ 1 ,4 7 4 w o rth o f in in clu d e of p rice m ovem en t. th e m a jor groups of m a te ria ls o f c o n s t r u c t i o n f o r b o t h t h e 1 9 6 5 -6 6 and 47 E ach u n i t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n r e q u i r e d m a t e r i a l s i n 1 9 6 5 -6 6 — a b o u t $60 m ore th an 1 9 5 9 -6 0 . The re la tiv e im p orta n ce o f m a te ria ls groups changed little betw een t h e tw o p e r i o d s . In b o th s t u d i e s , th e fo u r m ost im p o rta n t g r o u p s , in d e s c e n d i n g o r d e r o f i m p o r t a n c e , w e r e m e t a l p r o d u c t s ; s t o n e , c l a y and g l a s s p r o d u c t s ; i n s t a l l e d e q u ip m e n t ; and e l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c t s ( s e e ta b le 1 2 ). P lu m b in g m a t e r i a l s cam e n e x t i n 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 , f o l l o w e d b y h e a t i n g , v e n t i l a t i o n , and a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g m a t e r i a l s ; i t was t h e o t h e r way a r o u n d in 1 9 5 9 -6 0 . tw o N in e s p e c i f i c stu d ie s : m a te ria ls w en t up by 50 p e r c e n t o r m ore b etw een R ough and d r e s s lu m b e r P reca st co n cre te produ cts In tercom s A lu m in u m s h e e t m e t a l C om p ressed a i r and oxygen system s P n e u m a tic tu b e s y s te m s G a lv a n ized Pumps O il Some o f a la rm sh eet m etal and th e fire d e v ice s burners th ese changes re su lt from a sh ift in th e k in d o f b u ild in g s b e in g c o n s tr u c te d . As t r e a t m e n t f a c i l i t i e s b e c o m e m o r e c o m p l e x an d a s h o s p i t a l s b e c o m e l a r g e r , b u i l d i n g s a r e d e s i g n e d d i f f e r e n t l y and m a t e r i a l s re q u ire m e n ts ch ange. A nother e x p la n a t io n f o r change in m a t e r ia ls u se i s th a t p r ic e changes cau sed p ro d u ct s u b s t i t u t io n . F or e x a m p le , c u t s t o n e , w h ich i s u sed f o r d e c o r a t i o n , seem s t o h a ve b e e n s u p p la n t e d b y c h e a p e r a l t e r n a t i v e s su ch as p r e c a s t c o n c r e t e . 4/ $ 1 ,0 0 0 To of a llo w com p a rison w ith con stru ction con tract p re v io u s are show n 17 s tu d ie s , in ta b les m a te ria l 15 and costs 16. per Change in m a te r ia ls u s e may a l s o re s u lt from new p r o d u c t s or n ew te ch n iq u e s. H e a t in g eq u ip m e n t t h a t i n c l u d e s t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l d e v i c e s as an i n t e g r a l p a r t o f t h e u n i t w o u ld a c c o u n t f o r t h e n e a r l y 2 0 - p e r c e n t d e c lin e in th e use o f tem peratu re c o n t r o ls . In tw o any even t, surveys. b u ild in g s d e clin e was in several M ovem ent cle a rcu t from pronounced. the use lo a d s u b stitu tio n s b e a r in g m asonry In creased o f w in dow s. a ir U se o f took to co n d itio n in g in s ta lle d p la ce betw een re in fo rce d p a ra lle le d eq u ip m en t th e con crete a lso a in c r e a s e d . F i n a l l y , m ore e l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c t s r e s u l t e d fro m m ore a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g i n s t a l l e d eq u ip m e n t, b e ca u s e th e s e m a t e r ia ls o f t e n r e q u ir e s p e c i a l e le ctric and w irin g . T a b le U se of 12. H osp ita l m a jor m a t e r ia ls con stru ction per 100 square V a lu e M a jo r type of m a te ria l of fe e t m a te ria ls 1960 V a lu e Percent 1966 V a lu e P ercent Lum ber and lu m b e r p r o d u c t s S t o n e , c l a y and g l a s s p r o d u c t s — 5 9 .5 1 2 7 3 .3 3 4 .2 1 9 .4 6 8 .6 2 2 6 7 .0 1 4 .6 1 8 .1 M e t a l p r o d u c t s ---------------------------------------H e a t i n g , v e n t i l a t i n g and a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g e q u i p m e n t ----------------- 3 7 1 .8 9 2 6 .4 3 3 7 .3 3 2 2 .9 1 3 8 .5 3 E le ctrica l 9 .8 1 1 .0 1 4 3 .7 9 1 8 0 .2 3 9 .8 1 2 .2 8 .7 1 6 .2 1 5 2 .2 6 2 3 7 .9 8 1 0 .3 1 6 .1 O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 5 4 .7 5 1 2 2 .8 8 2 2 9 .3 8 6 0 .7 2 4 .3 8 7 .0 4 T o t a l ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ,4 1 0 .9 9 1 0 0 .0 1 ,4 7 4 .2 6 5 .9 1 0 0 .0 p r o d u c t s ----------------------------- P l u m b i n g p r o d u c t s --------------------------------I n s t a l l e d e q u i p m e n t ----------------------------- N u rsin g h om es. N u r s i n g h om es b u i l t i n 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 u s e d an a v e r a g e o f $ 1 ,1 4 6 o f m a t e r i a l s f o r ea ch 100 s q u a r e f e e t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n . M a te ria ls t h u s r e p r e s e n t e d a b o u t 55 p e r c e n t o f t h e t o t a l c o s t o f n u r s i n g h om es c o m p a r e d w i t h a b o u t 52 p e r c e n t f o r h o s p i t a l s . M a jo r sam e o r d e r grou p s o f m a t e r ia ls w ere u sed in n u rs in g as in h o s p i t a l s e x c e p t as f o l l o w s : . N u rsin g g la s s and hom es, p rod u cts; lu m b er p r o d u c t s . m ent, p lu m b in g on a p ercen tage h e a tin g , On t h e p rod u cts, b a sis, v e n tila tin g , and oth er u sed m ore and a i r hand, e le ctrica l 18 - hom es th ey ston e, co n d itio n in g used produ cts le ss (se e in about cla y th e and eq u ip m e n t; in s ta lle d ta b les 17 e q u ip and 1 8 ). N u r s in g hom es co n se q u e n tly , lu m b er h ave f a r l e s s c o m p le x m e d i c a l eq u ip m en t th a n h o s p i t a l s do a g re a te r p ro p o rtio n o f m a te ria ls e x p en d itu re, in clu d in g and w ood p r o d u c t s , p ro p o rtio n to d is trib u tio n : in s ta lle d U se o f Type Lum ber and lu m b er goes to eq u ip m e n t, con stru ct as m a jo r m a t e r ia ls th e b u ild in g shown b y per 100 o f m a te ria l th e and a s m a l l e r fo llo w in g square percent fe e t V a lu e P ercent p r o d u c t s ------------------------------------ 1 0 1 .8 7 8 .9 S t o n e , c l a y a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s --------------------------M e t a l p r o d u c t s --------------- ----------------------------------------------H e a t i n g , v e n t i l a t i n g , and a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g 2 1 9 .1 6 2 6 1 .1 9 1 9 .1 2 2 .8 e q u i p m e n t ---------------------------------------------------------------------E l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c t s ---------------------------------------------------I n s t a l l e d e q u i p m e n t ---------------------------------------- ------ — 1 1 8 .4 4 1 2 1 .5 5 1 2 0 .9 6 1 0 .3 1 0 .6 1 0 .6 P l u m b i n g p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------T o t a l -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- — 1 0 9 .7 1 9 3 .3 6 1 ,1 4 6 .2 4 9 .6 8 .1 1 0 0 .0 19 - A p p en d ix S cope to and M eth od o f Survey M ost o f th e i n f o r m a t i o n i n t h i s s t u d y was o b t a i n e d th r o u g h v i s i t s t h e p r o j e c t s c h o s e n t o r e p r e s e n t g e n e r a l h o s p i t a l a n d n u r s i n g h om e con stru ction from d u rin g secondary Survey th e sources p e rio d such as surveyed. A d d itio n a l the of Census in fo rm a tio n ca m e M a n u fa ctu rers. coverage The s u r v e y sa m p le was drawn from general h o s p ita l and n u r s i n g home p r o je c t s c o n s tr u c te d w ith F e d e ra l a id p r o v id e d under th e H ill-B u r t o n A ct. S in ce th e s e p r o je c t s a re r e q u ir e d to f i l e r e p o r t s , d a ta needed f o r th e stu d y w ere r e a d ily a v a il a b le . T h is f a c t o r a c c o u n ts f o r th e e x c lu s io n o f m e d ica l f a c i l i t i e s e x c l u s i o n was s p e c i a l a d d ictio n , fo r in e p ile p sy , c o n s tr u c te d w ith ou t F ed era l a id . p u rp ose h o s p i t a l s , such as th o se nervous and m e n t a l The u n i v e r s e fr o m w h ic h t h e w h ich c o n s t r u c t i o n b id s w ere the P u b lic C osts o f re la tio n H ea lth S urvey d is e a s e s , and The o n l y o t h e r t r e a t in g drug tu b e rcu lo sis. s a m p le w as drawn c o n s i s t e d o f p r o j e c t s o p e n e d i n 1963 and 1 9 6 4 , as r e p o r t e d p u b lica tio n "R e p re se n ta tiv e C o n stru ctio n H i l l - B u r t o n H o s p i t a l s and R e a l t e d H e a lt h F a c i l i t i e s . " o f t h e sa m p le t o t h e u n i v e r s e was t h e f o l l o w i n g : U n iverse The S a m p le New h o s p i t a l s --------------------- 1 17 26 A d d i t i o n s -----------------------------N u r s i n g h o m e s --------------------- 206 99 35 12 P r o j e c t s in th e u n i v e r s e w e re exam in ed f o r th e f o l l o w i n g : typ e o f f a c i l i t y (n ew , a d d i t i o n , n u r s i n g h o m e ), c o s t , and l o c a t i o n ( g e o g r a p h i c a l r e g i o n s 1 / and m e t r o p o l i t a n o r n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ) . S am p le p r o j e c t s w e r e c h o s e n t o i n c l u d e t h e s e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n a b o u t t h e sam e p r o p o r t i o n as th e y o c c u r r e d in th e u n i v e r s e . 1/ T h e S t a t e s i n c l u d e d i n e a c h o f t h e r e g i o n s w e r e a s f o l l o w s : N o r t h e a s t — C o n n e c t i c u t , M a i n e , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , New H a m p s h i r e , New J e r s e y , New Y o r k , P e n n s y l v a n i a , R h o d e I s l a n d , a n d V e r m o n t ; N o r t h C e n t r a l — I l l i n o i s , In d ia n a , Iow a, K ansas, M ich ig a n , M in n e so ta , M is s o u r i, N ebraska, N o r th D a k o t a , O h i o , S o u th D a k o ta and W i s c o n s i n ; S o u th — A la b a m a , A r k a n s a s , D ela w a re, D istrict M a ry la n d , M iss issip p i, Texas, V irg in ia , C o lo ra d o , Idaho, of C olu m b ia , N orth F lo rid a , C a ro lin a , and W est V i r g i n i a ; M ontana, N evada, K en tu ck y, S ou th and W e st— A r i z o n a , New M e x i c o , and W yom ing. G eorg ia , O k lahom a, 2 0 - O regon, L o u isia n a , C a ro lin a , Tennessee, C a lifo rn ia , U tah, W a sh in g ton , A l t h o u g h m e n t u s e d i n e q u i p m e n t , m e n t , a n d X - r a y o t h e r O n s i t e c u s t o d i a l s i t e m a t e r i a l t o T h e f u r n i t u r e o f a n d I t p a r t r e n t , b o n d s , m e n t s , a n d a n d c o v e r p l a n s a n d u o t h e r a n d i n o t h e r m e q u i p s y s t e m s . c l e r i c a l a n d w o r k e r s . O o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n i n d u s t r i e s a t e r i a l s f f o f a f f e c t e d b y f r o m t h e r a w e m p l o y m e n t . I t e x c l u d e d o f m o v e a b l e s t a g e . e q u i p m e n t , p l o y e e s , w o r k n o t a s o f f s i t e a d m o f l a b o r w e l l w a s b y t i m e a s b y p a y r o l l a l s o s i t e f o r t a x e s ) , t h e o u t s i d e c o n s a l a r i e s . s a l a r i e s , b y i n p r e p a r a c o n s t r u c t i o n s p e n t i n i s t r a t i v e c r e a t e d i n v o l v e d a n y t h e m o n e y e x e c u t i v e ( i n c l u d i n g E m p lo y m e n t e f f e c t — p r o d u c t i o n c o v e r e d g e n e r a t e d c o n s i s t s t a x e s u l t i p l i e r m a n u f a c t u r e e q u i p l a b o r a t o r y c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n s t r u c t i o n e m a n d e m p l o y e e s a n d s t e r i l i z i n g c o m m u n i c a t i o n s s p e c i f i c a t i o n s , l a b o r s u p p l i e s . a s b u i l d i n g o f f i c e t h a n o v e r h e a d m a l l a n d p h a r m a c y e n g i n e e r s , e l l t h e o f h i g h w a y i n s u r a n c e , t h e i n f u r n i s h i n g s b u i l t - i n a n d w a r e h o u s e t i l i t y e x c l u d e d s u c h w e m p l o y e e s i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e p r o f i t s — a n d a s m a n u f a c t u r i n g p u b l i c a l s o o f a n d e n g a g e d n o t o v e r h e a d , m a j o r u n a t t a c h e d i n c l u d e e l e v a t o r s s i t e , o f f i c e d i d d i d s u p e r v i s o r s , t h e p r o j e c t b y a s d i s t r i b u t i o n l a n d s c a p i n g , c o n t r a c t . t r a c t o r s ’ a t f i n a l a d m i n s t a l l a t i o n s t i o n , i n c l u d e d a n d s u r v e y p r e p a r a t i o n r o o m s u c h e q u i p m e n t , t h e c o v e r e q u i p m e n t , d a r k s , e m p l o y e e s p r o d u c t i o n n o t a n d i t e m i n c l u d e d a n d d i d i t l a b o r l a b o r a t e r i a l s t h e s u r v e y i n s t i t u t i o n s , e m p l o y e e s c o n t r a c t o r s , m t h e t h e w e l f a r e s p e n d i n g t h e T h e p r o f i t , s c o p e p a y o f o f w a g e s t h i s s t u d y . M a n - h o u r e s t i m T o t a l t i o n a t e s m a n - h o u r r e p r e s e n t a C o n t r a c t o r s o n s i t e A c t . n o t c l e r i c a l O b u t e m a t e s o f — m 1 . a s m a n - h o u r s a t e r i a l s , t h e s e f r o m s i m w e l l a s i l a r o n s i t e s e l f - e m t h e w h o w e r e a n d a s t i m e - f o r c o m m a n - h o u r s . p l e t e n e s s o f D a v i s - B a c o n d a t a f o r o c c u p a t i o n s t e c h n i c a l , a n d s u b c o n t r a c t o r s . u s e d t h e o b t a i n e d i n a c c e s s i b l e , c o n s t r u c t h e r e q u i r e d t o h o m e o f f s i t e s u p e r v i s o r y , t o i n t h e e s t i m p r o d u c e a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n . f o l l o w s u b c o n t r a c t o r s . 2 1 a n d u n d e r e m p l o y m e n t e q u i p m e n t j o b s . n u r s i n g o n s i t e i n t e r v i e w e d p l o y e d a c c o r d i n g a n d o f s u b m i t t e d s u c h r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s c o n t r a c t o r s a t e s w e r e A c t , a n d m a d e h o s p i t a l p a y r o l l s r e p r e s e n t w e r e f i e l d t r a c t o r s f o r e s t i m f u r n i s h e d s u p p l i e s , h o u r s B L S f r o m D a v i s - B a c o n p e r s o n n e l , f f s i t e t h e a l s o t h e o f s u b c o n t r a c t o r s o b t a i n e d C o n t r a c t o r s b y b i n a t i o n a n d m a n - h o u r s c o v e r e d r e q u i r e m e n t s c o m i n g c o s t F o r a t e s E s t i p r o c e d u r e s : o f t h o s e w e r e d i s t r i m a t e r i a l s f e w c o n m a d e f r o m — T h e 2 . m a t e r i a l s c o n s i s t e n t t r i a l M — > 3 . T h e 4 . a v e r a g e a m o u n t c o n s t r u c t i o n e a c h g r o u p . E a c h o f w h i c h t h e t h e s e t h e T h e b o f t h e o f O 7 . v a l u e s t o T h e 8 . t h e b e t w e e n m $ 1 , 0 0 0 f o r f o r a r a t i o t h e p r i c e a t e r i a l s t h e m — t h e a s d e f l a t e d 1 9 5 8 a t a n d t h e d t r a d e e a c h E c o n o m i c s b e w i t h t o t a l o f t o 7 8 i f a n d E m p lo y m e n t t h e t h e s t u d y t h e i n t e r i n d u s t r y t h e m a l l L a b o r o f e m p l o y - i n d u s t r y a t e r i a l s w e r e f o r a n d 1 9 5 8 u s e d . i n d u s t r y i n o f d i f f e r e n t h o u r s f o u n d t h e m a n - y e a r s p r o d u c e e a c h t o i n t e r i n d u s t r y c o u l d t h e a n n u a l c o s t , f e e t p e r w e r e t h e i n d u s t r y , o f o f s q u a r e a l s o b a s e d w e r e m u s e d . u l t i p l i e d e m p l o y e e s i n D e p a r t m e n t E a r n i n g s f o o t o f d e v e l o p e d e m p l o y e e s . r e p o r t e d o n s i t e $ 1 , 0 0 0 c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o p o r t i o n a s o n t r a n s l a t e d S t a t i s t i c s b y t o o f a c o n s t r u c t i o n b a s i s d e t e r m o f i n i n g 1 0 0 t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . f o r h o u r s T h i s e s t i m w o r k e d o f f a t e b a s e d o n t h e d w o r k e r s i n t h e g e n e r a l o f n o n c o n s t r u c t i o n i n t h e B L S n o n c o n s t r u c t i o n s t u d y . b y b e t w e e n t h e f o r c a l c u l a t e d b e t w e e n m a t c h e d f o r m a n - h o u r s , c o n t r a c t o r s ' p r o p o r t i o n o f 1 9 6 5 . c o s t f e r e n c e I n d u s C e n s u s r e q u i r e d w a s p a i d w a s t h e 1 9 6 5 a v e r a g e s q u a r e b u i l d i n g i n i n d u s t r y T h e s e E s t i m a t e s w e r e d u r i n g c o n t r a c t s t r u c t i o n t h e r e d u c e d s o l d B u s i n e s s d e t e r m i n e p u b l i c a t i o n , f o r w a s C o m m e r c e m a n - y e a r s t h a t t h a t o f r e q u i r e d t h e c o s t d i f f e r e n c e a t e r i a l s o f s t u d y b y — i n s e c t o r s . s o T h e s e s e c t o r s - - c a t e g o r i e s S t a n d a r d a t e r i a l s c o n t r a c t o r f f i c e D e p a r t m e n t .m e n t m a p p o r t i o n e d m l e v e l t h e o f a v e r a g e s b e i n g i l l p r i c e 6 . f o u n d c o n t r a c t t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n — a s m a n u f a c t u r e r p r i c e f e r e n c e 5 . i n t o f o u r - d i g i t l a s s i f i c a t i o n r e p r e s e n t i n g - - c l a s s i f i e d t h e a n u f a c t u r e r s . o f — C w e r e w i t h 22 i s e m p l o y m e n t m a n - h o u r s t h e t r e n d s i t e b y s e r i e s , d e v e l o p e d i n c o n i f a n d t h i s T a b le 2. Number and cost of h o sp ita l and n u r s in g home con stru ction p ro je cts, by selected ch a ra cte ris tics and region N u rsing H osp ita ls U n ited S tates Cost C h a ra cte ristics Num D e r— Bed Square ber foot N ortheast (th o u Cost Num Square ber foot sands) A ll p r o j e c t s ---------------------------- per— Bed (th ou Cost Num ber $ 2 8 .51 New --------------------------------------------- 26 2 7 .5 9 2 0 .0 4 2 8 .6 1 A d d i t i o n s ------------------------------- 35 2 9.2 1 2 4 .0 11 3 2 .3 3 38 2 9.9 0 2 3 .3 11 23 2 5.5 2 1 9 .8 4 15 fo o t Bed (th ou Cost Num ber Square foot 2 0 .4 6 3 0 .5 10 3 3 .9 5 2 7 .8 2 5 .6 6 3 4 .1 per— Bed (thou Cost Num ber Square fo o t sands) sands) $ 29 .56 $ 2 8 .9 per— W est )er— Bed (th ou homes S tates Cost Num ber Square fo o t uer— Bed (th ou sands) sands) $ 29 .56 $ 2 2 .8 1 7 .5 5 3 3 .5 6 1 9 .3 5 2 4 .8 8 1 9 .1 6 3 0 .2 6 2 3 .8 5 2 2.2 9 1 0 .0 2 4 .1 1 1 6 .7 4 2 6 .4 3 18.7 7 1 9 .9 1 9 .1 5 2 4.6 0 1 7 .0 5 3 2.1 7 2 2 .0 5 2 0.6 7 9 .0 12 2 4 .6 7 1 9 .2 4 2 6 .0 4 2 5 .0 1 (1 /) (1 /) 1 5 (1 /) 1 9 .0 2 (1 /) 9 .1 20 $ 24 .55 3 0 .5 5 2 0 .1 11 2 3 .2 3 2 8 .9 1 2 3 .1 9 2 6 .8 5 9 3 1 .5 9 2 3 .5 12 2 4 .7 8 7 2 6 .5 4 1 9 .3 8 (1 /) 3 0.4 8 (1 /) 2 3 .1 12 $ 20 .89 2 5 .7 12 2 0.8 9 1 9 .3 — $ 9 .4 10 $ 2 1 .8 $ 18 .2 U n ited 9 .4 — a m e tro p o lita n a r e a -------------------------------------- Not in a m e tro p o lita n a r e a -------------------------------------Type of fram in g : S t e e l ---------------------------------------- 18 3 0.5 6 2 2 .0 6 3 5 .2 2 3 0 .0 2 c o n c r e t e ------ 36 2 8 .0 9 22.9 8 3 0 .3 9 2 8 .6 12 (1 /) — R ein forced C o m b i n a t i o n -------------------------- 2 Load m asonry— 5 (1 /) 2 2.7 6 (1 /) 1 3 .5 1 s t o r y ---------------------------------------- 12 2 3.1 6 1 5 .0 3 2 -4 22 2 7 .5 1 2 1 .5 7 b ea rin g s t o r i e s ------------------------------ 5 and a b o v e ------------------------------ 27 E l e v a t o r -------------------------------------- 52 No e l e v a t o r ------------------------------- 9 F u l l ------------------------------------------- 49 P a r t i a l ----------------------------------- 12 A ir Square 16 $31 .87 South C entral sands) 61 In $ 2 2 .2 N orth 1 (1 /) (1 /) — — — 2 (1/) (1 /) 2 (I/) (I/) 1 (I/) (1 /) (1 /) 2 9 .5 7 (1 /) 2 7 .9 2 (1 /) 2 8 .3 9 (1 /) 2 1 .0 5 2 1 .5 3 1 3 .8 2 (1 /) (1 /) 9 1 9 .3 9 6 2 5 .2 9 1 9 .9 2 (1 /) 3 (1 /) 6 (1 /) 3 0 .9 6 2 6 .9 1 — (1 /) 7 — — 8 .8 (1 /) — 24.3 5 3 4.0 7 3 0 .8 7 3 2.3 0 2 4 .5 9 2 4 .8 9 1 8 .5 2 9.0 5 23.2 13 3 1 .9 1 2 9.2 15 3 0.2 0 2 2 .8 17 2 4 .9 2 1 8 .5 7 3 0 .7 7 2 6 .5 6 2 2 .4 1 9 .8 2 2.5 5 1 3 .5 2 (1 /) (1/) 1 (1 /) (1 /) 3 (1 /) (I/) 3 (1 /) (1 /) 6 1 9 .3 4 9 .1 2 8 .9 8 2 1 .3 10 3 3 .4 1 2 7 .2 14 3 0 .0 6 2 1 .5 18 2 3 .2 9 1 9 .7 5 9 .1 2 6 .3 4 2 7 .9 5 2 9 .1 5 3 3 .1 2 (1 /) (1 /) 2 (1 /) 1 (1 /) (1 /) — 2 (1 /) (1 /) 3 0 .1 5 — co n d itio n e d : Not a ir F u ll or c o n d i t i o n e d ------ — — — — — — — — 3 0 .8 6 2 4 .8 0 (1 /) 1 7 .7 7 (1 /) 3 — 3 1 .0 3 (1/) — — — 2 2 .9 13 2 4 .6 6 1 9 .6 9 2 9 .6 8 2 3 .3 4 2 2 .1 8 1 0 .7 a /) 7 2 4 .2 4 1 5 .1 1 (1 /) (1 /) 8 2 0.1 7 8 .8 2 2 .1 — — p a rtia l b a s e m e n t ---------------------------- 44 2 8 .8 4 2 3 .3 9 3 1.2 0 3 1 .8 13 No b a s e m e n t -------------------------- 17 2 7 .3 7 1 8.9 6 3 3 .0 1 2 5 .2 3 a n E xterior: 55 2 3.2 5 2 1 .8 15 3 1 .8 7 2 8 .9 15 w a l l ----------------------- 1 (1 /) — — — — O t h e r ---------------------------------------- 5 (1 /) 3 1 .3 8 2 6 .3 — — M a s o n r y ----------------------------------C u rtain T7 In su fficie n t coverage to w arrant p re se n ta tio n . 1 2 9 .3 6 (1 /) 18 2 4 .5 1 1 8 .1 — 1 (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) 1 (1 /) (1 /) 7 — 3 2 6 .7 7 1 7 .7 12 2 0 .8 9 — — — — (1/) (1 /) 9 .4 — — T a b le 3. O nsite m an-hour req u irem en ts for h osp ita l and n u r s in g home con stru ction p r o je c ts , by selected ch a ra cte ristics and region H osp ita ls U n ited S tates M an -h ou rs C h a ra cte ris t i c s 100 per— of feet cost 2 17 .0 76.1 New----------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 6 .1 A d d i t i o n s --------------------------------------------- 2 2 5 .3 p r o j e c t s ------------------------------------------- In a m e tro p o lita n a r e a ------------- M an -h ou rs $1000 square A ll N ortheast 100 Bed N orth per— M an-hou rs 100 $1000 square of feet cost 1688 2 36 .5 7 4 .2 74.7 1493 1 92 .3 6 7 .2 1371 77.1 1855 2 42 .9 7 5 .1 2292 Bed 2148 N u rsing S outh C entral per— M a n -h ou rs $1000 square of feet cost 2 2 8 .5 7 7 .5 2 3 4 .6 2 2 5 .2 100 per— $1000 square of fe e t cost 1688 2 0 7 .6 8 4 .7 7 6 .8 1544 1 9 7 .2 7 7 .9 1802 2 2 6 .5 Bed M an-hou rs 100 Bed homes U n ited W est per— 100 $1000 square of feet cost 1538 1 8 4 .3 6 2 .4 8 4 .9 1484 1 93 .0 8 4 .3 1629 1 74 .2 Bed S tates M an-hou rs per— $1000 square of feet cost 1421 1 53 .7 7 3 .7 5 7 .5 1479 1 53 .9 7 0 .0 1353 Bed 695 7 3 .7 695 — — 2 2 2 .7 74.5 1733 2 5 1 .4 7 4 .1 2063 2 4 3 .2 7 7 .0 1810 2 0 5 .0 8 2 .7 1578 1 8 3 .8 6 0 .7 1446 1 6 7 .1 7 5 .0 746 2 0 4 .8 8 0 .3 1590 1 9 2 .4 7 5 .0 2560 2 0 7 .6 7 8 .2 1512 2 1 3 .1 8 8 .4 1472 1 8 6 .7 70.6 1322 1 4 4 .6 7 2 .6 659 S t e e l ------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 5 .3 6 7 .2 1479 2 46 .7 7 0 .0 2099 1 86 .7 5 8 .0 1274 1 4 2 .0 6 8 .7 617 79.7 1823 2 3 3 .4 7 6 .8 2193 (1 /) 1801 1294 2 2 3 .9 (1 /) 7 8 .1 7 6 .1 c o n c r e t e --------------------- (1 /) 2 37 .9 1 8 7 .2 R ein forced 2 1 5 .3 8 7 .3 1675 1 77 .0 6 8 .0 1697 (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) C o m b i n a t i o n ---------------------------------------- (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) — — — (1 /) (1 /) C l/) — — — C l/) (1 /) 8 2 .3 (1 /) 1114 (1 /) m a s o n r y ------------------ (1 /) 1 87 .2 — — (I/) (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) C l/) (1 /) (1 /) C l/) (1 /) 1 4 8 .3 7 8 .0 (1 /) 706 1 s t o r y ------------------------------------------------------- 1 7 6 .7 76.3 1144 (1 /) 2 1 3 .8 C l/) (1 /) (1 /) 1 4 9 .1 76.9 676 7 5 .3 (1 /) 1585 1072 1669 (1 /) 2082 7 7 .7 7 7 .6 (1 /) 7 4 .6 1 6 7 .2 2 1 3 .5 (1 /) 2 20 .4 (1 /) s t o r i e s --------------------------------------------- 2 2 0 .2 8 7 .1 1731 (1 /) 7 5 .2 1824 2 54 .6 7 4 .7 2298 2 5 5 .4 7 9 .1 1938 2 1 1 .0 8 4 .8 1568 C I/) 1635 (1 /) 2 2 6 .8 (1 /) 6 0 .8 (1 /) a b o v e --------------------------------------------- (1 /) 1 8 8 .3 — — E l e v a t o r ---------------------------------------------------- 2 2 1 .3 76.2 1768 2 36 .9 7 4 .2 2166 2 3 3 .5 7 7 .3 1760 2 1 3 .2 8 5 .5 1582 1 8 7 .0 6 0 .8 1611 1 50 .1 6 7 .0 655 No e l e v a t o r --------------------------------------------- 1 70 .0 7 5 .4 1021 (1 /) (1 /) (I/) (I/) (I/) (I/) (I/) C l/) a /) (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) 1 5 7 .8 81.6 740 Not Type in of a m etrop olita n fram in g: L o a d -b e a rin g 2 -4 5 and A ir area— co n d itio n e d : F u l l --------------------------------------------------------- 2 2 0 .3 7 6 .0 1622 2 41 .4 7 2.2 1967 2 3 4 .9 7 8 .1 1682 2 0 9 .9 8 4 .6 1499 1 8 5 .6 5 9 .8 1386 1 4 8 .5 7 5 .2 687 P a r t i a l -------------------------------------------------- 2 0 1 .7 7 6 .6 2135 2 2 8 .3 7 8 .3 2593 (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) C l/) (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) C l/) Not c o n d i t i o n e d --------------------- — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — a / ) (1 /) (1 /) p a rtia l b a s e m e n t --------- 2 1 7 .5 7 5 .4 1756 2 2 4 .7 7 2 .0 2292 2 3 9 .6 7 7 .6 1775 2 1 1 .6 8 5 .8 1678 1 8 3 .7 6 1 .9 1441 1 7 3 .2 7 8 .1 833 No b a s e m e n t ---------------------------------------- 2 1 5 .6 7 8 .8 1486 2 5 6 .8 7 7 .8 1963 (1 /) C l/) (1 /) 1 9 7 .6 8 1 .5 1234 C l/) ci/) ci/) 1 4 3 .1 70.9 625 2 1 9 .2 C\ A 7 7 .6 ( 1 A 1694 (i A 2 33 .6 74.2 2148 2 2 6 .7 7 7 .2 1709 2 1 0 .5 8 5 .9 A. 1A/ ; v 1553 1 7 7 .4 6 6 .3 1173 1 53 .9 7 3.7 695 ) 2 05 .7 6 5 .6 1722 C l/) (i/) (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) w arrant p re se n ta tio n . a ir F u ll or E x terior: M a s o n r y -------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------1_/ In su fficie n t coverage to v-w — — (1 /) (1 /) (1 /) C l/) — T ab le 4. O nsite m an-hour requ irem en ts per 100 square fe e t of h osp ita l and n u r s in g home con stru ction , by occu p a tion and region N u rsing H osp ita ls U n ited O ccu pa tion Percent S tates M an-hou rs Percent w orked A ll o c c u p a t i o n s ----------- 1 0 0 .0 A sbestos N orth N ortheast M an-hou rs P ercent w orked 2 1 7 .0 1 0 0 .0 South C entral M an -h ou rs P ercent 2 3 6 .5 1 0 0 .0 M an-hou rs Percent w orked w orked U n ited W est 2 2 8 .5 1 0 0 .0 2 0 7 .6 M an -h ou rs Percent 1 8 4 .3 M an-hou rs w orked w orked 1 0 0 .0 homes S ta tes 1 0 0 .0 1 5 3 .7 w o r k e r s --------------------- 1 .9 4 .2 1 .6 3 .9 2 .5 5 .7 1 .8 3 .7 1 .5 2 .7 1 .7 2 .6 B r i c k l a y e r s --------------------------------- 5 .0 1 0.9 6 .6 1 5 .6 6 .2 1 4 .2 3 .9 8 .2 1 .6 3 .0 6 .4 9 .8 C a r p e n t e r s ----------------------------------- 1 3 .0 28.2 1 5 .1 3 5 .8 1 0.9 2 5 .0 1 2 .2 2 5 .4 1 5 .5 2 8 .6 1 5.2 2 3 .4 f i n i s h e r s --------------------- 1 .4 3 .0 1 .0 2 .4 1 .5 3 .5 1 .3 2 .7 1 .8 3 .4 1 .2 1 .8 E l e c t r i c i a n s ------------------------------ 9 .9 2 1 .4 1 0 .0 2 3 .7 1 0 .5 2 3 .9 9 .3 1 9 .3 9 .6 17.7 7 .8 1 2 .0 E levator Cement m e c h a n i c s ---------------- 0 .9 1 .9 0 .8 1 .9 0 .7 1 .6 1 .1 2 .2 1 .0 1 .9 0 .5 0 .7 G l a z i e r s ---------------------------------------- 0 .4 0 .9 0 .3 0 .8 0 .4 1 .0 0 .4 0 .8 0 .5 0 .9 0 .6 0 .9 L a t h e r s ------------------------------------------ 2 .9 6 .4 2 .9 6 .8 2 .5 5 .7 2 .1 4 .4 5 .9 1 0 .8 2 .5 3 .8 O perating 1 .8 4 .0 2 .2 5 .3 1 .8 4 .0 1 .7 3 .6 1 .6 2 .9 1 .8 z .8 0 .4 e n g i n e e r s -------------w orkers— 0 .7 1 .5 0 .7 1 .7 1 .1 2 .4 0 .3 0 .7 0 .4 0 .8 0 .3 P a i n t e r s ---------------------------------------- 2 .6 5 .7 2 .3 5 .4 2 .6 6 .0 2 .8 5 .9 2 .9 5 .3 4 .7 7 .3 P l a s t e r e r s ----------------------------------- 3 .2 7 .0 2 .9 6 .9 2 .9 6 .7 3 .1 6 .5 4 .8 8 .8 3 .1 4 .8 P l u m b e r s ---------------------------------------- O rnam ental iro n 15.7 3 4 .0 1 5 .2 3 5 .9 1 8 .0 4 1 .1 13.7 2 8 .5 1 5 .5 2 8 .6 1 3 .7 2 1 .1 w orkers- 1 .6 3 .4 2 .2 5 .1 1 .3 2 .9 1 .3 2 .8 1 .6 3 .0 0 .5 0 .7 R o o f e r s ------------------------------------------ 0 .6 1 .3 0 .6 1 .4 0 .5 1 .2 0 .7 1 .4 0 .5 1 .0 1 .2 1 .8 Sheet w o r k e r s -------------- 5 .5 1 2 .0 4 .4 1 0 .5 7 .2 1 6 .4 3 .9 8 .1 7 .4 1 3 .6 3 .5 5 .4 l a y e r s ------------------ 0 .4 0 .9 0 .3 0 .7 0 .4 0 .8 0 .5 1 .0 0 .8 1 .4 0 .7 1 .0 iron 0 .8 1 .7 0 .7 1 .7 0 .7 1 .6 0 .6 1 .2 1 .7 3 .2 1 .4 2 .1 0 .5 R e in fo rcin g S oft m etal floor Structural w orkers— w o r k e r s --------------------- 0 .5 1 .0 0 .9 2 .1 0 .3 0 .7 0 .1 0 .2 0 .7 1 .3 0 .3 s e t t e r s ------------------------------ 1 .2 2 .5 0 .9 2 .1 1 .2 2 .7 1 .4 3 .0 0 .8 1 .5 1 .2 1 .8 0 .9 0 .5 1 .1 0 .6 1 .4 0 .2 0 .4 0 .3 0 .5 0 .3 0 .5 0 .6 Terrazzo T ile iron O ther b u ild in g t r a d e s --------- 0 .4 Truck d r i v e r s ---------------------------- 0 .5 1 .1 0 .5 1 .1 0 .4 1 .0 0 .5 1 .0 0 .9 1 .6 0 .4 t e n d e r s -------------- 6 .3 13.6 4 .4 1 0 .4 6 .0 1 3 .6 7 .9 1 6 .5 6 .8 1 2 .6 6 .1 9 .4 L a b o r e r s ---------------------------------------- 1 9 .4 4 2 .2 1 9 .5 4 6 .1 3 9 .9 2 5 .5 5 3 .0 0 .1 0 .3 0 .3 0 .6 1 7 .5 — 0 .3 0 .3 0 .6 1 0 .4 — 1 9 .1 — 2 0 .6 — 3 1 .7 — 2 .3 5 .0 2 .3 5 .5 2 .1 4 .8 2 .3 4 .7 2 .7 4 .9 4 .4 6 .8 — — H elpers and C u stod ia l w o r k e r s ------------------ S u p erv isors and general f o r e m e n ------------------------------------P rofession a l n ica l C lerica l and tech- e m p l o y e e s — 1------------- 0 .6 1 .3 0 .4 1 .0 0 .2 0 .4 0 .5 1 .0 2 .3 4 .2 e m p l o y e e s ---------------- 0 .3 0 .7 0 .4 1 .0 0 .1 0 .3 0 .4 0 .8 0 .5 1 .0 NOTE: Because of ro u n d in g, su m s of in d iv id u a l item s m ay n o t add to tota ls. T ab le 5. M an-hou r requirem ents per $1000 U n ited of h o sp ita l con stru ction S tates contract, by o ccu p a tion N orth N ortheast and region , 1965-66 South C entral W est O ccu p a tion M an -h ou rs Percent P ercent A ll o c c u p a t i o n s ----------- 1 0 0 .0 76.1 1 0 0 .0 A sbestos M an-hou rs P ercent M an-hou rs P ercent M a n -h ou rs P ercent 7 4 .2 1 0 0 .0 7 7 .5 1 0 0 .0 8 4.7 1 0 0 .0 M an -h ou rs 6 2 .4 w o r k e r s --------------------- 1 .9 1 .5 1 .7 1 .2 2 .5 1 .9 1 .8 1 .5 1 .5 0 .9 B r i c k l a y e r s --------------------------------- 5 .0 3 .8 6 .6 4 .9 6 .2 4 .8 4 .0 3 .4 1 .6 1 .0 C a r p e n t e r s ----------------------------------- 9 .7 1 3.0 9 .9 1 5 .1 1 1 .2 1 0 .9 8 .5 1 2 .2 1 0 .3 1 5 .5 f i n i s h e r s --------------------- 1 .4 1 .0 1 .0 0 .8 1 .5 1 .2 1 .3 1 .1 1 .8 1 .1 E l e c t r i c i a n s ------------------------------ 9 .9 7 .5 1 0 .0 7 .4 1 0 .4 8 .1 9 .3 7 .9 9 .6 6 .0 E leva tor Cement m e c h a n i c s ---------------- 0 .9 0 .7 0 .8 0 .6 0 .7 0 .5 1 .1 0 .9 1 .1 0 .7 G l a z i e r s ---------------------------------------- 0 .4 0 .3 0 .3 0 .3 0 .4 0 .3 0 .4 0 .3 0 .5 0 .3 L a t h e r s ------------------------------------------ 2 .9 2 .2 2 .9 2 .1 2 .5 1 .9 2 .1 1 .8 5 .9 3 .7 O perating 1 .8 1 .4 2 .2 1 .7 1 .8 1 .4 1 .7 1 .5 1 .6 1 .0 w orkers— 0 .7 0 .5 0 .7 0 .5 1 .1 0 .8 0 .4 0 .3 0 .4 0 .3 P a i n t e r s ---------------------------------------- 2 .6 2 .0 2 .3 1 .7 2 .6 2 .0 2 .9 2 .4 2 .9 1 .8 P l a s t e r e r s ----------------------------------- 3 .2 2 .5 2 .9 2 .2 2 .9 2 .3 3 .1 2 .7 4 .8 3 .0 P l u m b e r s ---------------------------------------- 1 5.6 11.9 1 5 .2 1 1 .3 1 7.9 1 3 .9 1 3 .7 1 1 .6 1 5 .5 9 .7 1 .6 1 .2 2 .1 1 .6 1 .3 1 .0 1 .3 1 .1 1 .6 1 .0 e n g i n e e r s -------------- O rnam ental iro n R ein forcin g ir o n w orkers- R o o f e r s ------------------------------------------- 0 .6 0 .5 0 .6 0 .4 0 .5 0 .4 0 .7 0 .6 0 .6 0 .4 Sheet w o r k e r s -------------- 5 .5 4 .2 4 .5 3 .3 7 .2 5 .6 3 .9 3 .3 7 .4 4 .6 l a y e r s ------------------ 0 .4 0 .3 0 .3 0 .2 0 .3 0 .3 0 .5 0 .4 0 .7 0 .5 iron 0 .8 0 .6 0 .7 0 .5 0 .7 0 .5 0 .6 0 .5 1 .7 1 .1 w o r k e r s --------------------- 0 .5 0 .3 0 .9 0 .7 0 .3 0 .2 0 .1 0 .1 0 .7 0 .5 s e t t e r s ------------------------------ 1 .1 0 .9 0 .9 0 .6 1 .2 0 .9 1 .5 1 .2 0 .8 0 .5 0 .5 0 .3 0 .6 0 .5 0 .2 0 .2 0 .3 0 .2 0 .5 S oft m etal floor Structural Terrazzo T ile w orkers— O ther b u ild in g t r a d e s --------- 0 .4 0 .3 Truck d r i v e r s ---------------------------- 0 .5 0 .4 0 .5 0 .4 0 .4 0 .3 0 .5 0 .4 0 .9 t e n d e r s -------------- 6 .3 4 .8 4 .4 3 .3 6 .0 4 .6 8 .0 6 .7 6 .8 4 .3 L a b o r e r s ---------------------------------------- 1 9 .4 1 4 .8 1 9 .5 1 4 .5 1 7 .4 1 3 .5 2 5 .5 2 1 .6 1 0 .4 6 .5 0 .2 0 .1 0 .3 0 .2 — — 0 .3 0 .2 — — 2 .3 1 .7 2 .3 1 .7 2 .1 1 .6 2 .3 1 .9 2 .7 i.7 H elpers and C u stod ia l w orkers S u p erin ten d en ts general f o r e m e n ------------------ P rofession a l n ica l C lerica l and tech- e m p l o y e e s ------------------- 0 .6 0 .5 0 .4 0 .3 0 .2 0 .2 0 .5 0 .4 2 .3 1 .4 e m p l o y e e s ---------------- 0 .3 0 .3 0 .4 0 .3 0 .1 0 .1 0 .4 0 .3 0 .5 0 .3 NOTE: and Because of ro u n d in g, sums of in d iv id u a l item s may n o t add to tota ls. T a b l e 6 . A p p r e n t i c e s a s a p e r c e n t o f e m p l o y m e n t , b y o c c u p a t i o n a n d r e g i o n H o s p i t a l s • N u r s i n g h o m e s O c c u p a t i o n U n i t e d A N o r t h e a s t N o r t h C e n t r a l S o u t h W e s t U n i t e d S t a t e s 4 . 7 3 . 9 4 . 0 5 . 1 7 . 2 5 . 5 t r a d e s --------------------------------------------- 6 . 7 5 . 4 5 . 4 8 . 1 9 . 5 8 . 1 w o r k e r s -------------------------------------- 0 . 0 l l S k i l l e d S t a t e s w o r k e r s 2 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 7 . 3 0 . 0 B r i c k l a y e r s 4 . 0 5 . 7 2 . 6 4 . 2 3 . 2 1 . 9 C a r p e n t e r s ------------------------------------------------------------ 4 . 6 1 . 8 3 . 9 5 . 6 9 . 4 4 . 8 A s b e s t o s f i n i s h e r s -------------------------------------- 1 . 5 0 . 6 0 . 5 3 . 7 0 . 6 0 . 0 E l e c t r i c i a n s ----------------------------------------------------- 1 2 . 0 9 . 7 9 . 5 1 6 . 0 1 3 . 7 1 2 . 2 G C e m e n t l a z i e r s ------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 . 9 3 . 8 5 . 6 1 . 4 1 0 . 7 4 . 5 L a t h e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 . 2 7 . 5 2 . 1 8 . 5 1 8 . 3 5 . 0 O r n a m e n t a l w o r k e r s ------------- 4 . 1 1 . 3 5 . 8 5 . 4 0 . 4 0 . 0 P a i n t e r s ------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 . 4 1 . 2 0 . 3 2 . 8 1 4 . 4 5 . 2 i r o n P l a s t e r e r s ------------------------------------------------------------ 5 . 5 8 . 4 1 . 3 6 . 7 6 . 3 0 . 7 P l u m b e r s ------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 . 7 8 . 2 7 . 5 9 . 8 1 0 . 5 1 8 . 6 R e i n f o r c i n g 1 . 2 0 . 4 1 . 3 1 . 7 1 . 7 9 . 5 7 . 6 0 . 0 7 . 8 1 1 . 9 1 0 . 7 2 6 . 6 i r o n w o r k e r s --------- R o o f e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------S h e e t - m S o f t e t a l f l o o r 8 . 1 5 . 1 8 . 8 1 0 . 0 7 . 6 9 . 2 6 . 7 2 . 5 3 . 5 3 . 1 1 9 . 1 3 . 4 i r o n w o r k e r s ------------- 2 . 4 3 . 8 0 . 8 1 . 2 3 . 8 3 . 4 w o r k e r s -------------------------------------- 7 . 5 1 5 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 s e t t e r s ----------------------------------------------------- 1 2 . 0 1 4 . 3 1 1 . 2 1 2 . 7 7 . 3 1 . 7 S t r u c t u r a l T e r r a z z o T i l e w o r k e r s --------------------------l a y e r s ---------------------------------- Table 7. Percent of total man-hour requirements, by type of contractor and region Hospitals Nursing homes Type of contractor Northeast North Central South West Total------------------------------------- 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 General-----------------------------------------Street, e t c . --------------------------------- 36.5 0.4 40.4 0.3 34.0 0.5 38.4 0.6 30.8 0.2 37.0 0.6 Plumbing and heating------------------Painting, e t c . -----------------------------Electrical------------------------------------Masonry-----------------------------------------Plastering and lathing--------------Terrazzo and t i l e work--------------Carpentry and millwork--------------Flooring----------------------------------------Roofing and sheet metal-------------Concrete work-------------------------------Structural ste e l erections-------Ornamental metal work----------------Glazing-----------------------------------------Excavation, e t c . -------------------------Demolition------------------------------------Installed building equipment----A ll other types---------------------------- 24.7 2.5 10.1 2.1 8.5 3.1 0.2 0.8 1.1 0.5 1.5 0.7 0.5 1.3 0.1 1.9 3.5 21.3 2.3 10.1 2.5 7.6 2.9 0,2 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.9 0. 7 0.4 1.6 0.1 1.5 4.0 29.7 2.5 10.9 0.8 7.4 2.7 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.4 1.1 0.5 1.2 0.1 1.6 3.0 22.5 2.5 9.6 3.7 8.0 3.7 0.0 0.7 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.0 2.4 3.6 CN 21.3 4.7 8.7 4.7 7.5 3.9 0.1 0.9 2.3 0.5 1.5 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.0 0.8 3.5 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not add to to ta ls. r-'. United States 2.9 9.6 1.0 13.7 3.3 0.0 0.8 1.3 0.5 3.1 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.1 2.6 3.6 United States Table 8. Wages as a percent of contract costs Hospitals Under 20.0----------------------20.1 - 22.5--------------------22.6 - 25.0--------------------25.1 - 27.5--------------------27.6 - 30.0--------------------30.1 - 32.5--------------------32.6 and over 0.0 9.0 12.3 22.0 18.7 17.5 20.5 29 - Nursing homes 0.0 41.7 10.4 24.0 24.0 0.0 0.0 Table 9. Average onsite hourly earnings, by selected characteristics and regions Characteristics United States Northeast Average Wages as Average Wages as hourly percent of hourly percent of wage contract wage contract Hospitals South West North Central Average Wages as Average Wages as Average Wages as percent of hourly percent of hourly percent of hourly wage contract wage contract wage contract Nursing homes United States Average Wages as percent of hourly wage contract A ll projects----------------------- $3.89 29.6 $ 4.20 31.2 $ 4.04 31.3 $ 3.22 27.3 $ 4.46 27.8 $ 3.48 New--------------------------------Additions------------------------- 3.75 3.99 28.0 30.8 4.52 4.17 30.4 31.3 3.82 4.18 29.3 32.6 3.20 3.25 27.2 27.4 4.68 4.18 26.9 29.2 3.48 25.6 — — In a metropolitan area-----Not in a metropolitan area- 4.10 3.39 30.5 27.2 4.27 3.94 31.6 29.6 4.35 3.49 33.5 27.3 3.42 2.87 28.3 25.3 4.53 4.13 27.5 29.1 3.53 3.43 26.5 24.9 Type of framing: Steel-----------------------------Reinforced concrete----------Combination---------------------Load-bearing masonry--------- 4.04 3.85 ( 1/) 3.74 27.1 30.7 ( 1/) 30.8 4.27 4.19 ( 1/) 29.9 32.1 ( 1/) (1/) 4.10 ( 1/) 32.0 4.67 4.17 27.1 28.4 — — — — — ( 1/) ( 1/) 23.5 28.5 ( 1/) — 3.09 3.26 ( 1/) ( 1/) (I/) (l/> ( 1/) 3.68 ( 1/) (1/) 3.09 25.3 ( 1/) ( 1/) 24.1 1 story----------------------- -------2-4 stories------------------------5 or more stories---------------- 3.28 3.75 4.06 25.0 29.1 30.5 4.14 4.26 (1/) ( 1/) 30.8 31.9 ( 1/) 3.95 4.26 ( 1/) 29.8 33.7 3.06 3.08 3.36 23.8 26.8 28.5 ( 1/) ( 1/) ( 1/) ( 1/) Elevator----------------------------No elevator------------------------- 3.93 3.31 29.9 25.0 4.22 31.3 3.24 (1/) 4.13 ( 1/) 31.9 (1/) (I/) Q7) 27.7 ( 1/) Air conditioned: Full-------------------------------Partial---------------------------Not air conditioned----------- 25.6 3.22 ( 1/) 24.7 ( 1/) — 4.53 27.6 — 4.52 27.5 ( 1/) 4.04 2.92 27.1 23.9 Q7) 3.86 4.03 29.4 30.8 4.26 4.10 30.8 32.1 4.04 ( 1/) 3.18 ( 1/) 4.56 (1/) 27.2 ( 1/) 3.35 ( 1/) 25.2 ( 1/) — 31.6 (1/) 26.9 ( 1/) — — — — — — — — — (I/) 07) Full or p artial basement-----No basement------------------------- 3.93 3.73 29.7 29.4 4.10 4.36 29.5 33.9 4.13 32.1 ( 1/) 3.26 3.10 28.0 25.2 4.48 ( 1/) 27.7 ( 1/) 3.39 3.53 26.5 25.1 Masonry------------------------------Curtain wall-----------------------Other--------------------------------- 3.83 ( 1/) 4.33 29.7 ( 1/) 28.4 26.8 ( 1/) ( 1/) 4.28 28.4 — — — — (I/) — — 31.2 4.04 31.2 3.12 — — — — — — (1/) (I/) 4.20 T7 Insufficient coverage to warrant presentation. (I/) (1/) (1/) ( 1/) 3.48 25.6 Table 10. Man-hour requirements per 100 square feet of construction .............. Hospitals f 1965-66 1959-60 Percent change Nursing homes 1965-66 A ll sectors------------------------------------- 507 544 - 6.8 375 Construction Onsite construction---------------------------O ffsite construction-------------------------- 217 29 230 28 + 5.7 3.6 154 18 Agriculture--------------------------------------------Mining-----------------------------------------------------Manufacturing-----------------------------------------Lumber products----------------------------------Furniture--------------------------------------------Paper----------------------------------------------------Printing----------------------------------------------Chemical----------------------------------------------Stone, clay, and glass products-----Primary metals-----------------------------------Fabricated metal products----------------Machinery--------------------------------------------Electrical products---------------------------Instruments-----------------------------------------Other----------------------------------------------------- 5 6 183 10 4 3 3 4 28 26 39 25 25 7 9 7 9 203 11 2 4 3 4 32 31 47 25 26 8 10 - 28.6 - 33.3 - 9.9 - 9.1 +100.0 - 25.0 0.0 0.0 - 12.5 - 16.1 - 17.0 0 .0 3.8 - 12.5 - 10.0 5 5 139 14 3 3 2 3 22 18 33 15 14 4 7 Transportation---------------------------------------Trade (excluding r e t a i l ) ---------------------Services--------------------------------------------------Other-------------------------------------------------------- 18 19 14 15 22 15 13 17 - 18.2 + 26.7 + 7.7 - 11.8 14 16 11 12 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not add to to ta ls. Table 11. Average number of weeks for hospital construction Cost Northeast North Central South West United States Under $500,000-------------------------- (1 /) (1 /) 51 ( 1 /) 50 $500,000 - $999,999----------------- (1 /) (1/) ( 1 /) — 67 $1,000,000 - $1,999,999---------- 121 (1 /) 99 ( 1 /) 105 Over $2,000,000------------------------ 132 131 121 117 127 All classes------------------------------- 105 106 80 75 91 1/ Insufficient coverage to warrant presentation. Table 13. Total cost of materials per 100 square feet of hospital construction, 1965-66 Selected products and product groups A ll hospital proj ects New hospital projects Hospital addition *.proj ects A ll products------------------------------------------------------ $1474.26 $1445.37 $1496.02 Metal products (except plumbing and heating)----Fabricated structural metal products------------------Reinforcing bars and j o i s t s -------------------------------Structural s te e l---------------------------------------------------Fabricated sheet metal----------------------------------------Metal windows--------------------------------------------------------Metal doors------------------------------------------------------------Registers, g r i l l s and diffusers------------------------Ornamental metal---------------------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------------------------------ 337.33 217.09 66.70 45.64 39.81 14.77 6.79 4.84 17.44 337.19 221.84 56.87 54.90 38.87 22.67 14.45 9.35 5.82 18.91 337.42 213.51 74.11 38.65 40.52 19.91 15.02 4.86 4.11 16.33 Other fabricated metal products---------------------------Builder’ s hardware-----------------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36.73 29.64 7.09 33.64 25.86 7.78 39.04 32.49 6.55 Other metal products-----------------------------------------------Metal casework------------------------------------------------------Galvanized sheet metal----------------------------------------Aluminum sheet metal--------------------------------------------Partitions, lockers, and shelves----------------------Lead-------------------------------------------------------------------------Copper products-----------------------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------------------------------ 83.51 35.21 23.71 7.90 6.41 5.56 1.78 2.94 81.71 30.44 25.23 9.54 6.13 5.32 84.87 38.80 22.56 3.04 6.62 5.75 1.61 2.87 Stone, clay, and glass products---------------------------- 267.01 244.14 284.26 Cement, concrete and gypsum products------------------Ready-mix concrete-----------------------------------------------Precast concrete products-----------------------------------Concrete block and brick------------------------------------Gypsum products-----------------------------------------------------Cement---------------------------------------------------------------------Lime-------------------------------------------------------------------------Concrete pipe--------------------------------------------------------- 147.49 81.47 19.97 18.76 16.29 8.31 1.76 0.93 139.71 76.53 20.90 12.42 18.12 153.35 85.19 19.27 23.54 14.92 8.04 1.87 0.52 Structural clay products----------------------------------------Brick and structural t i l e -----------------------------------Ceramic t i l e ----------------------------------------------------------Clay sewer pipe-----------------------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51.18 28.92 18.44 42.59 21.55 16.23 2.78 2.03 33 - 2 1 . 1 0 1 . 8 6 1.96 2 . 0 1 8 . 6 6 1.61 1.47 6 . 6 6 57.66 34.48 2 0 .1 0 1.17 1.91 Table 13. Total cost of materials per 100 square feet of hospital construction, 1965-66— continued Selected products and product groups Other stone, clay and glass products------------------Fiberglas products-----------------------------------------------Vinyl t i l e (including vin yl-a sbestos)-------------Cut stone----------------------------------------------------------------Sand and gravel-----------------------------------------------------Window glass----------------------------------------------------------Asbestos insulation---------------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------------------------------ A ll hospital projects New hospital proj ects Hospital addition proj ects $ $ $ 68.34 20.53 12.67 10.85 7.56 7.47 2 . 0 2 7.24 61.84 18.90 9.78 8.07 7.63 8.36 1.63 7.47 73.25 21.76 14.86 12.95 7.50 6.79 2.31 7.08 Fixed hospital equipment----------------------------------------Elevators, moving stairways and dumb waitersX-ray and related equipment------------- ------------------Kitchen equipment-------------------------------------------------S terilizers and autoclaves---------------------------------Laundry equipment-------------------------------------------------Pneumatic tube system------------------------------------------Compressed air and oxygen systems--------------------Refrigerators, walk-in coolers and ice stations--------------------------------------------------------------Laboratory equipment--------------------------------------------Tray conveyors-------------------------------------------------------Incinerators----------------------------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------------------------------ 237.98 67.33 43.84 42.00 24.82 13.49 9.73 6.48 224.98 57.48 26.03 43.91 29.44 7.43 5.26 247.78 74.75 57.26 40.56 21.34 14.87 11.46 7.40 6.13 4.13 3.73 2.89 13.41 8.81 9.21 6.69 3.87 15.19 4.12 0.30 1.50 2.15 12.07 Electrical equipment, fixtures and wire-------------Lighting fixtures-------------------------------------------------Intercom and fir e alarm system-------------------------Switchboards and panelboards-----------------------------Noncurrent-carrying devices-------------------------------Wire and cable-------------------------------------------------------Electric generating units-----------------------------------Current carrying wiring devices------------------------T.V. systems----------------------------------------------------------Clock and program systems-----------------------------------Transformers----------------------------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------------------------------ 180.23 44.51 30.65 28.69 25.42 15.61 11.46 10.92 3.60 3.25 3.04 3.08 181.13 39.98 31.10 22.75 28.66 14.31 14.05 16.15 5.30 3.11 2.57 3.15 179.54 47.93 30.31 33.16 22.97 16.59 9.50 6.98 2.32 3.34 3.39 3.05 34 1 1 . 6 6 T a b le 13. T otal cost o f m aterials c o n s t r u c t io n , 1965-66— continued per 100 square feet of h osp ital New h ospital h ospital H ospital addition proj ects p rojects p rojects $ $ $ A ll S elected H eating, products ven tilatin g, and p r o d u c t and air groups con dition in g e q u i p m e n t ----------------------------------------------------------------A i r c o n d i t i o n i n g e q u i p m e n t ------------------------------R a d i a t o r s , c o n v e c t o r s , a n d b o i l e r s ------------Temperature c o n t r o l s --------------------------------------------- 143.79 54.02 145.71 142.33 29.50 55.65 32.49 52.79 27.24 21.83 21.40 22.15 P u m p s , c o m p r e s s o r s ------------------------------------------------B l o w e r s , e x h a u s t , a n d f a n s ---------------------------O i l b u r n e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------- 13.50 13.22 4.97 13.30 11.04 2.75 U n i t h e a t e r s a n d v e n t i l a t o r s --------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4.08 2.67 5.58 3 .50 13.65 14.87 6.64 2.95 2.04 P l u m b i n g p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------------------------P l u m b i n g f i x t u r e s --------------------------------------------------- 152.26 36.72 163.65 36.77 143.70 S t e e l a n d g a l v a n i z e d p i p e --------------------------------V a l v e s a n d s p e c i a l t i e s ---------------------------------------C a s t i r o n p i p e a n d f i t t i n g s ----------------------------- 35.95 28.35 47.15 24.97 27.50 30.91 22.15 24.69 20.24 C o p p e r p i p e s --------------------------------------------------------------W a t e r t r e a t m e n t e q u i p m e n t --------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20.85 2.10 23.20 1.78 6.14 5.09 19.07 2.35 6.94 L u m b e r a n d l u m b e r p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------M i l l w o r k --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- 68.62 42.38 60.75 43.88 74.57 41.26 l u m b e r ----------------------------------- 22.88 12.87 P l y w o o d -------------------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.87 0.49 3.25 0.75 30.43 2.58 0.30 p i t c h e s -------------------------------------- 11.78 4.45 3.14 13.35 5.24 3.45 10.61 3.86 2.90 A s p h a l t f e l t s -----------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.81 1.38 3.54 1.12 2.27 1.58 P a i n t a n d o t h e r c h e m i c a l c o m p o u n d s ----------------P a i n t -----------------------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11.42 7.10 4.32 11.36 6.49 4.87 11.45 7.55 3.90 A l l o t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t i o n e q u i p m e n t ---------------------------------------- 63.84 36.87 63.11 35.84 64.36 37.65 13.38 5.06 Rough and d r e s s e d P etroleum A sphalt A sphalt Other p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------------------------p a v i n g ---------------------------------------------------------and tar accou stical tile a n d b o a r d ----------------- V in yl w a ll c o v e r i n g ----------------------------------------------- 11.80 4.25 9.69 3.16 Wo o d f i b e r b o a r d ------------------------------------------------------ 36.69 2.21 4.51 0.48 p a n e l s -------------------------- *-------- 2.18 2.67 1.82 O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6.53 7.24 5.97 Laminated p l a s t i c NOTE: rounding, Group s u ms of totals in clude products c o m p o n e n t s may n o t equal 35 not shown s e p a r a t e l y . totals. Because of Table 14. contract, Total cost of m aterials per 100 square feet of A ll S elected A ll M etal h osp ital construction 1959-60 products and p r o d u c t groups p r o d u c t s ------------------------------------------------------------------- products (except plum bing a n d h e a t i n g ) ------ F a b r i c a t e d s t r u c t u r a l m e t a l p r o d u c t s -----------------------R e i n f o r c i n g b a r s a n d j o i s t s ---------------------------------------S t r u c t u r a l s t e e l ----------------------------------------------------------------F a b r i c a t e d s h e e t m e t a l --------------------------------------------------M e t a l w i n d o w s ----------------------------------------------------------------------- New H ospital h ospital h ospital addition proj ects proj ects p rojects $ 1410.99 $ 1428.90 $ 1367.16 371.89 249.70 95.38 56.01 37.11 30.51 375.83 260.45 100.62 362.17 61.23 37.96 29.16 223.41 82.56 43.25 35.02 M e t a l d o o r s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------O r n a m e n t a l m e t a l ----------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 0 . 2 2 20.39 33.80 19.81 10.32 0.15 10.94 0,15 0.15 O t h e r f a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------B u i l d e r ’ s h a r d w a r e -----------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29.32 26.84 35.40 27.43 1.89 25.40 1.44 32.39 3.01 O t h e r m e t a l p r o d u c t s -----------------------------------------------------------M e t a l c a s e w o r k --------------------------------------------------------------------- 92.87 35.18 88.54 35.31 103.36 34.86 a n d p i p e ---------------------------------------- 21.52 21.27 2 2 . 1 2 G a l v a n i z e d s h e e t m e t a l --------------------------------------------------P a r t i t i o n s , l o c k e r s , a n d s h e l v e s ----------------------------- 1 2 . 8 8 9.77 4.86 10.76 8.63 4.28 18.06 12.54 6.26 4.13 1.29 4.71 1.41 2.71 3.24 2.17 0.99 5.82 p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------- 273.33 265.18 293.26 C e m e n t , c o n c r e t e , a n d g y p s u m p r o d u c t s ---------------------R e a d y m i x c o n c r e t e ------------------------------------------------------------ 134.29 72.62 133.31 67.91 136.67 84.13 Gy p s u m p r o d u c t s ------------------------------------------------------------------C o n c r e t e b l o c k a n d b r i c k ----------------------------------------------C e m e n t --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22.84 15.93 10.06 2 1 . 8 6 17.76 9.77 25.23 11.45 10.79 P r e c a s t c o n c r e t e p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------------L i m e -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C o n c r e t e p i p e ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9.11 1.94 1.79 12.07 1 . 8 8 1 . 6 8 2.56 0.63 S t r u c t u r a l c l a y p r o d u c t s --------------------------------------------------B r i c k a n d s t r u c t u r a l t i l e -------------------------------------------- 56.77 31.59 50.35 26.77 18.52 Copper sheet m etal A l u m i n u m s h e e t m e t a l -------------------------------------------------------I n s u l a t i o n s h i e l d s -----------------------------------------------------------L e a d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Stone, clay, Ceramic Clay and glass t i l e -------------------------------------------------------------------------- sewer 21.05 p i p e ------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 . 8 8 O t h e r - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.25 36 - 2.26 3.4 8 1.58 8.82 72.46 43.36 27.23 1.42 0.45 Table 14. contract, Total cost of m aterials per 100 square feet of h osp ital construction 1959-60— con tin u ed A ll S elected products O t h e r s t o n e , c l a y , and F ib ergla s products and p r o d u c t glass groups p r o d u c t s ------ --------------- New H ospital h osp ital h osp ital addition p rojects proj ects p rojects $ 82.27 $ 81.52 $ 84.13 26.66 24.87 18.00 24.14 18.92 14.19 8.27 5.98 4.01 12.77 15.75 17.66 7.75 5.26 4.88 9.54 7.76 1.90 A s b e s t o s i n s u l a t i o n ---------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.49 4.46 2.94 4.86 1.37 3.49 F i x e d h o s p i t a l e q u i p m e n t --------------------------------------------------E l e v a t o r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 229.38 240.90 50.97 39.00 201.29 77.40 19.35 25.82 C u t s t o n e --------------------------------------------------------------------------------V i n y l t i l e -----------------------------------------------------------------------------W i n d o w g l a s s -------------------------------------------------------------------------S a n d a n d g r a v e l ------------------------------------------------------------------A s p h a l t t i l e -------------------------------------------------------------------------- X-ray and related e q u i p m e n t ---------------------------------------- S t e r i l i z e r s a n d a u t o c l a v e s -----------------------------------------K i t c h e n e q u i p m e n t --------------------------------------------------------------R e f r i g e r a t o r s ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 58.65 33.29 31.63 27.59 17.43 15.55 14.94 7.66 5.41 34.01 3.45 1.54 3.14 1.63 12.24 13.25 1.31 9.78 E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t , f i x t u r e s , a n d w i r e --------------L i g h t i n g f i x t u r e s --------------------------------------------------------------N o n c u r r e n t - c a r r y i n g d e v i c e s ---------------------------------------S w i t c h b o a r d s a n d p a n e l b o a r d s -------------------------------------- 154.75 158.84 144.75 39.90 28.10 27.67 40.69 27.96 29.07 37.97 28.45 24.26 I n t e r c o m a n d f i r e a l a r m s y s t e m --------------------------------W i r e a n d c a b l e --------------------------------------------------------------------T r a n s f o r m e r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15.50 13.26 8.45 14.57 13.37 9.99 17.77 12.98 4.66 C u r r e n t - c a r r y i n g w i r i n g d e v i c e s ------------------------------P r o g r a m s y s t e m s ------------------------------------------------------------------E l e c t r i c c l o c k , t e l e p h o n e a n d T . V . s y s t e m -------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7.44 5.13 4.90 4.40 6.89 7.1 0 4.95 4.25 8.81 0.30 4.80 L a u n d r y e q u i p m e n t --------------------------------------------------------------E l e c t r i c g e n e r a t o r u n i t s ----------------------------------------------L a b o r a t o r y e q u i p m e n t -------------------------------------------------------P n e u m a t i c t u b e s y s t e m ----------------------------------------------------Compressed air and o x y g e n s y s t e m s -------------------------- I n c i n e r a t o r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 37 34.67 16.75 16.96 16.47 7.14 10.32 19.08 12.12 6.91 1.77 4.21 l l V 19 8.94 4.75 T able 14. Total contract, cost of m aterials per 100 square feet of h osp ita l New A ll S elected products and p r o d u c t groups H e a t i n g , v e n t i l a t i n g , and a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g e q u i p m e n t ----------------------------------------------------------------R a d i a t o r s , c o n v e c t o r s , a n d b o i l e r s ------------- heaters Storage H ospital pro.i e c t s $ 138.53 38.88 $ 147.53 42.03 42.27 29.33 11.41 $ 116.58 31.18 8.07 8.56 6.18 4.59 a n d v e n t i l a t o r s --------------------------- t a n k s ------------------------------------------------------------ proj ects 27.73 21.18 15.01 0.80 1.38 0.64 9.75 3 .80 2.99 3.72 1.22 2.06 O i l b u r n e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H ospital addition H ospital proi ects 38.05 26.96 12.45 A i r c o n d i t i o n i n g e q u i p m e n t ------------------------------T e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l s --------------------------------------------B l o w e r s , e x h a u s t , a n d f a n s ------------------------------Pumps a n d c o m p r e s s o r s -----------------------------------------Unit construction 1 9 5 9 -6 0 — continued 7.15 5.25 p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------------------------- 122.88 121.42 126.46 P l u m b i n g f i x t u r e s --------------------------------------------------S t e e l a n d g a l v a n i z e d p i p e --------------------------------V a l v e s a n d s p e c i a l t i e s ---------------------------------------- 40.07 37.87 25.82 41.24 33.71 37.23 48.05 25.29 C a s t i r o n p i p e a n d f i t t i n g s ----------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15.03 4.09 16.73 4.45 27.13 10.88 3.17 Plumbing L u m b e r a n d l u m b e r p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------M i l l w o r k ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------- 59.51 55.05 70.38 O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42.17 14.03 2.59 0.72 37.93 13.06 3 .10 0.96 52.51 16.39 1.34 0.14 p r o d u c t s -----------------------------------------------------p a v i n g ----------------------------------------------------------- 12.63 3.78 13.97 4.85 A s p h a l t a n d t a r p i t c h e s -------------------------------------A s p h a l t f e l t s ------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3.31 2.36 3.18 3.31 2.20 3.61 9.36 1.17 3.32 2.74 2.13 P a i n t a nd o t h e r c h e m i c a l c o m p o u n d s -----------------P a i n t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11.35 6.51 4.84 11.50 6.56 A l l o t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t i o n e q u i p m e n t ----------------------------------------I n s u l a t i n g b o a r d -----------------------------------------------------L a m i n a t e d p l a s t i c p a n e l s -----------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36.74 38.68 30.19 1.28 1.50 3.77 31.07 R o u g h a n d d r e s s e d l u m b e r ----------------------------------P l y w o o d -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Petroleum Asphalt NOTE: rounding, Group s ums of totals in clude products c o m p o n e n t s ma y n o t not equal 38 shown s e p a r a t e l y . tota ls. - 10.98 6.36 4.62 4.94 31.93 28.05 0.7 4 0.43 2.71 1.49 1.94 4.18 Because of Table 15. Total construction S elected A ll cost contract, products of m aterial components for and p r o d u c t groups p r o d u c t s ------------------------------------------------------------------- M etal p rod u cts $1,000 of h ospital h ospital proj ects H ospital addition proj ects $ 516.99 $ 523.84 $ 512.11 122.24 80.42 115.51 a n d h e a t i n g ) ------ 118.28 76.13 23.39 16.00 F a b r i c a t e d s h e e t m e t a l --------------------------------------------------M e t a l w i n d o w s ----------------------------------------------------------------------M e t a l d o o r s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13.96 14.09 7.40 5.18 8 . 2 2 R e g i s t e r s , g r i l l s a n d d i f f u s e r s ------------------------------O r n a m e n t a l m e t a l ----------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.38 1.70 3.39 6 . 1 2 6 . 8 6 5.14 1.67 1.41 5.59 O t h e r f a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------B u i l d e r ’ s h a r d w a r e ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2 . 8 6 1 2 . 2 0 13.37 10.39 9.37 O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.47 2.83 2.25 O t h e r m e t a l p r o d u c t s -----------------------------------------------------------M e t a l c a s e w o r k --------------------------------------------------------------------- 29.29 12.35 29.62 G a l v a n i z e d s h e e t m e t a l --------------------------------------------------A l u m i n u m s h e e t m e t a l -------------------------------------------------------P a r t i t i o n s , l o c k e r s a n d s h e l v e s ------------------------------L e a d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C o p p e r p r o d u c t s ------------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8.31 2.77 9.15 3.46 29.05 13.28 7.72 2.25 2 . 2 2 1.95 0.63 1.93 2.27 1.97 1.03 0.73 1.09 0.55 0.98 p r o d u c t s ------------------------------------ 93.64 88.48 97.31 C e m e n t , c o n c r e t e , a n d g y p s u m p r o d u c t s ---------------------R e a d y - m i x c o n c r e t e ------------------------------------------------------------ 50.64 27.74 7.58 4.50 6.57 52.50 29.16 P r e c a s t c o n c r e t e p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------------C o n c r e t e b l o c k a n d b r i c k ----------------------------------------------Gy p s u m p r o d u c t s ------------------------------------------------------------------- 51.72 28.57 7.00 6.58 5.71 C e m e n t --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L i m e -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C o n c r e t e p i p e ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.91 0.62 0.33 3.14 0.58 0.53 2.75 0.64 0.18 S t r u c t u r a l c l a y p r o d u c t s --------------------------------------------------B r i c k a n d s t r u c t u r a l t i l e ----------------------------------- -------- 17.95 10.14 15.43 7.81 19.75 11.81 6.47 5.88 6 . 8 8 0.65 0.69 1 . 0 1 0.40 0.73 0 . 6 6 clay, Ceramic Clay and glass plum bing New A ll h osp ital p rojects F a b r i c a t e d s t r u c t u r a l m e t a l p r o d u c t s -----------------------R e i n f o r c i n g b a r s a n d j o i s t s ---------------------------------------S t r u c t u r a l s t e e l ----------------------------------------------------------------- Stone, (except each 1965-66 t i l e -------------------------------------------------------------------------- sewer p i p e ------------------------------------------------------------------- O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 39 - 20.61 19.90 5.24 2 . 1 1 11.04 73.09 25.37 13.23 13.87 6.81 1 1 .1 2 2.28 6.60 8.06 5.11 T able 15. Total construction cost contract, of m aterial 1965-66 components for each $1,000 of New h ospital proj ects h ospital proj ects H ospital addition p rojects $ $ $ A ll S elected Other stone, products clay, and and p r o d u c t glass h osp ital con tinued groups p r o d u c t s ---------------------- F i b e r g l a s p r o d u c t s -----------------------------------------------------------V i n y l t i l e ( i n c l u d i n g v i n y l - a s b e s t o s ) ----------------- 23.97 7.20 22.41 6.85 25.06 7.45 5.09 4.45 3 .81 3.54 2.92 2.65 2.62 2.77 3.03 4.43 2.57 2.32 A s b e s t o s i n s u l a t i o n ---------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.71 2.53 0.59 2.71 0.79 2.41 F i x e d h o s p i t a l e q u i p m e n t --------------------------------------------------E l e v a t o r s , m o v i n g s t a i r w a y s a n d dumb w a i t e r s - 83.45 23.61 81.51 20.83 25.59 9.43 15.92 C u t s t o n e --------------------------------------------------------------------------------S a n d a n d g r a v e l ------------------------------------------------------------------W i n d o w g l a s s -------------------------------------------------------------------------- X -ray and related 84.82 19.60 e q u i p m e n t ---------------------------------------- 15.37 K i t c h e n e q u i p m e n t --------------------------------------------------------------S t e r i l i z e r s a n d a u t o c l a v e s -----------------------------------------L a u n d r y e q u i p m e n t --------------------------------------------------------------P n e u m a t i c t u b e s y s t e m -----------------------------------------------------C o m p r e s s e d a i r a n d o x y g e n s y s t e m s -------------------------R e f r i g e r a t o r s , w a l k - i n c o o l e r s and i c e s t a t i o n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------L a b o r a t o r y e q u i p m e n t -------------------------------------------------------- 14.73 8.70 2.15 1.45 3.19 3.34 T r a y c o n v e y o r s --------------------------------------------------------------------I n c i n e r a t o r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.31 2.42 1.4 0 5.48 0.5 1 0.74 E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t , f i x t u r e s a n d w i r e ----------------L i g h t i n g f i x t u r e s --------------------------------------------------------------I n t e r c o m a n d f i r e a l a r m s y s t e m --------------------------------S w i t c h b o a r d s a n d p a n e l b o a r d s -------------------------------------N o n c u r r e n t - c a r r y i n g d e v i c e s ---------------------------------------W i r e a n d c a b l e ---------------------------------------------------------------------E l e c t r i c g e n e r a t i n g u n i t s --------------------------------------------C u r r e n t - c a r r y i n g w i r i n g d e v i c e s ------------------------------T . V . s y s t e m s ---------- ;--------------------------------------------------------------- 63.21 15.61 65.65 14.49 11.27 61.46 16.41 10.38 8.25 10.39 5.19 11.35 7.86 5.68 5.09 5.85 1.92 3.25 2.39 0.79 C l o c k a n d p r o g r a m s y s t e m s --------------------------------------------T r a n s f o r m e r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.14 1.07 1.13 0.93 1.15 1.16 O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.09 1.14 1.04 4.73 3.41 2.27 1 . 0 1 4.71 10.75 10.06 8.91 5.47 4.02 3.83 1.26 13.89 7.30 5.09 3.92 10.67 4.23 2.69 1.91 2.53 1.41 0 . 1 0 4.14 4- 40 - T a b le 15. T o t a l cost, o f m a t e r ia l components c o n s tr u c tio n c o n tr a c t, 1 9 6 5-66— continued for each $1,000 A ll S elected products and p r o d u c t groups H e a t i n g , v e n t i l a t i n g , and a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g e q u i p m e n t ----------------------------------------------------------------- H ospital ad d ition p rojects $ $ $ 50.42 P u m p s , c o m p r e s s o r s -------------------------------------------------B l o w e r s , e x h a u s t s , a n d f a n s ----------------------------O i l b u r n e r s ------------------------------------------------------------------ 4.73 4.64 1.74 U n i t h e a t e r s a n d v e n t i l a t o r s --------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------------------------- P l u m b i n g f i x t u r e s ---------------------------------------------------S t e e l a n d g a l v a n i z e d p i p e ---------------------------------V a l v e s a n d s p e c i a l t i e s ----------------------------------------C a s t i r o n p i p e a n d f i t t i n g s ----------------------------C o p p e r p i p e s --------------------------------------------------------------- 48.72 20.17 18.07 11.78 7.76 4.82 9.33 7.58 4.67 4.00 5.09 2.27 1.43 0.94 2 . 0 2 1 . 0 1 1.27 0.70 53.39 59.31 49.18 1 2 . 8 8 13.33 17.09 9.05 12.56 9.41 10.58 8.95 8.41 0.64 1.84 6.93 6.53 0.80 2.37 2 2 . 0 1 25.52 14.12 10.42 12.61 9.94 7.77 W a t e r t r e a t m e n t e q u i p m e n t ---------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------L u m b e r a n d l u m b e r p r o d u c t s -----------------------------------M i l l w o r k ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24.07 14.87 l u m b e r ------------------------------------ 8 . 0 2 P l y w o o d --------------------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.17 Petroleum A sphalt 52.82 1 . 0 0 7.31 0.74 2.14 and d r e s s e d New h osp ita l p rojects 18.94 10.34 7.66 Rough T h ospital h osp ital proj ects A i r c o n d i t i o n i n g e q u i p m e n t -------------------------------R a d i a t o r s , c o n v e c t o r s , a n d b o i l e r s ------------T e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l s --------------------------------------------- Plumbing of 1 . 0 1 15.90 4.66 1.18 0.27 0 . 8 8 3.64 1.32 0.78 0.54 0 . 1 0 p r o d u c t s -----------------------------------------------------p a v i n g ----------------------------------------------------------- 4.13 1.56 A s p h a l t a n d t a r p i t c h e s ------ -------------------------------A s p h a l t f e l t s ------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.99 0.48 4.83 1.90 1.25 1.28 0.4 0 4.00 4.11 3.92 2.49 1.51 2.35 1.76 2.59 1.33 22.40 12.92 2 2 . 8 8 12.99 22.03 12.90 1 . 1 0 P a i n t a n d o t h e r c h e m i c a l c o m p o u n d s -----------------P a i n t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------A ll o t h e r --------------------------------------------------------------------------- C onstruction Other e q u i p m e n t ----------------------------------------- accou stical a n d b o a r d ------------------ 4.14 3.51 4.5 8 V inyl w a ll c o v e r i n g ----------------------------------------------- 1.49 1.15 Wo o d b o a r d ------------------------------------------------------ 0.78 1-64 p a n e l s ------------------------------------ 0.77 O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.3 0 0.97 2.62 1.73 0.1 6 0.62 2.04 fiber Lam inated p l a s t i c NOTE: rounding, Group s u ms tile 1 . 0 0 totals of in clude products c o m p o n e n t s ma y n o t not equal 41 - shown s e p a r a t e l y . totals. Because of Table 16. Total cost of material components for each $1,000 of hospital construction contract, 1959-60 Selected products and product groups A ll hospital projects New hospital projects Hospital addition projects A ll products------------------------------------------------------ $ 544.23 $ 560.63 $ 506.39 Metal products (except plumbing and heating)----Fabricated structural metal products------------------Reinforcing bars and jo i s t s -------------------------------Structural s te e l---------------------------------------------------Fabricated sheet metal products------------------------Metal windows--------------------------------------------------------Metal doors------------------------------------------------------------Ornamental metal---------------------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------------------------------ 143.43 96.31 36.79 21.60 14.31 11.77 7.80 3.98 0.06 147.45 102.18 39.48 24.02 14.89 11.44 8.00 4.29 0.06 134.16 82.75 30.58 16.02 12.97 12.52 7.34 3.27 0.05 Other fabricated metal products---------------------------Builder’ s hardware------------ ▼---------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11.31 10.58 0.73 10.52 9.96 0.56 13.12 12.00 1.12 Other metal products-----------------------------------------------Metal casework-------------------------------------------------------Copper sheet metal and pipe-------------------------------Galvanized sheet metal----------------------------------------P artition s, lockers, and shelves----------------------Aluminum sheet metal--------------------------------------------Insulation shields-----------------------------------------------Lead-------------------------------------------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------------------------------ 35.81 13.57 8.30 4.97 3.77 1.87 1.59 0.50 1.24 34.75 13.85 8.35 4.22 3.39 1.69 1.85 0.55 0.85 38.29 12.91 8.19 6.69 4.65 2.33 1.00 0.37 2.15 Stone, clay and glass products------------------------------ 105.41 104.05 108.59 Cement, concrete, and gypsum products----------------Ready-mix concrete-----------------------------------------------Gypsum products-----------------------------------------------------Concrete block and brick---------- *-------------------------Cement------------------------------------------ 1-------------------------Precast concrete products-----------------------------------Lime-------------------------------------------------------------------------Concrete pipe--------------------------------------------------------- 51.79 28.01 8.81 6.14 3.88 3.51 0.75 0.69 52.30 26.64 8.58 6.97 3.83 4.73 0.66 0.89 50.62 31.16 9.35 4.24 3.99 0.70 0.95 0.23 Structural clay products----------------------------------------Brick and structural t i l e -----------------------------------Ceramic t i l e ----------------------------------------------------------Clay sewer pipe-----------------------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21.90 12.19 8.12 1.11 0.48 19.76 10.50 7.27 1.37 0.62 26.84 16.06 10.08 0.53 0.17 42 - Table 16. Total cost of material components for each $1,000 of hospital construction contract, 1959-60— continued Selected products and product groups Other stone, clay and glass products------Fiberglas products-----------------------------------Cut stone----------------------------------------------------Vinyl t i l e --------------------------------------------------Window glass----------------------------------------------Sand and gravel-----------------------------------------Asphalt t i l e ----------------------------------------------Asbestos insulation---------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------------------ A ll hospital proj ects New hospital proj ects Hospital addition proj ects $ $ $ 31.72 9.59 6.94 5.47 3.19 2.31 1.55 0.96 1.71 31.99 9.47 7.42 5.01 3.04 2.06 1.92 1.16 1.91 Fixed hospital equipment----------------------------Elevators----------------------------------------------------X-ray and related equipment-------------------S te r iliz e r s and autoclaves---------------------Kitchen equipment-------------------------------------Refrigerators--------------------------------------------Laundry equipment-------------------------------------E lectric generator units------------------------Laboratory equipment--------------------------------Pneumatic tube system------------------------------Compressed air and oxygen systems--------Incinerators----------------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------------------ 88.49 22.62 12.84 5.76 2.96 2.09 1.33 0.59 4.73 15.30 13.34 13.60 6.57 6.65 6.46 2.80 2.71 1.23 0.64 5.19 E lectrical equipment, fix tu re s, and wire' Lighting fixtu res-------------------------------------Noncurrent-carrying devices-------------------Switchboards and panelboards-----------------Intercom and fir e alarm system-------------Wire and cable------------------------------------------Transformers----------------------------------------------Current-carrying wiring devices-----------Program systems----------------------------------------E lectric clock, telephone and T .V .------Other------------------------------------------------------------ 59.68 15.39 10.84 10.67 5.98 5.11 3.26 2.87 1.98 1.89 1.69 62.31 15.9 7 10.97 11.40 5.72 5.25 3.92 2.70 2.79 1.94 1.65 43 - 1 2 . 2 0 10.65 6.72 6 . 0 0 94.49 2 0 . 0 0 31.13 9.87 5.82 6.54 3.53 2.87 0.70 0.51 1.29 74.55 28.67 7.17 9.56 3.82 7.07 4.49 4.15 3.31 0 . 6 6 1.56 0.48 3.61 53.62 14.06 10.54 8.99 6.58 4.81 1.73 3.26 0 . 1 1 1.78 1.76 Table 16. Total cost of material components for each $1,000 of hospital construction contract, 1959-60— continued Selected products and product groups Heating, ven tila tin g , and air conditioning equipment----------------------------------------------------Radiators, convectors, and b o ile rs----------Air conditioning equipment------------------------Temperature controls----------------------------------- Blowers, exhaust and fans--------------------------Pumps and compressors---------------------------------Unit heaters and ve n tila to rs---------------------Storage tanks------------------------------------------------O il burners----------------------------------------------------Other--------------------------------------------------------------- A ll hospital proj ects New hospital projects Hospitar addition projects $ $ $ 53.43 14.99 14.68 10.40 4.80 3.31 2.38 1.77 0.80 0.30 57.89 16.49 16.58 11.51 4.48 3.17 2.81 2.06 0.54 0.25 43.19 11.55 10.27 7.85 5.56 3.61 1.41 1.11 1.38 0.45 Plumbing products--------------------------------------------Plumbing fix tu re s-----------------------------------------Steel and galvanized pipe--------------------------Valves and sp e c ia ltie s-------------------------------Cast iron pipe and fit t in g s ----------------------Other--------------------------------------------------------------- 47.41 15.46 14.61 9.96 5.80 1.58 47.65 16.18 13.23 9.92 6.57 1.75 46.86 13.79 17.80 10.05 4.03 1.19 Lumber and lumber products----------------------------Millwork---------------------------------------------------------Rough and dressed lumber---------------------------Plywood-----------------------------------------------------------Other--------------------------------------------------------------- 22.94 16.26 5.41 1 .0 0 0.27 21.60 14.88 5.12 1.22 0.38 26.07 19.45 6.07 0.50 0.05 Petroleum products------------------------------------------Asphalt paving----------------------------------------------Asphalt and tar pitches------------------------------Asphalt f e l t s ------------------------------------------------Other---------------------------------------------------------------- 4.89 1.46 1.28 0.91 1.24 5.48 1.90 1.30 0.86 1.42 3.46 0.43 1.23 1.01 0.79 Paint and other chemical compounds-------------Paint---------------------------------------------------------------Other-------------------------------------------------------------- 4.39 2.51 1.88 4.53 2.58 1.95 4.07 2.36 1.71 A ll other-----------------------------------------------------------Construction equipment--------------------------------Laminated p la stic panels----------------------------Insulating board------------------------------------------Other--------------------------------------------------------------- 14.16 11.65 0.58 0.49 1.44 15.18 12.18 0.76 0.59 1.65 11.82 10.39 0.16 0.27 1.00 NOTE: Group to ta ls include products not shown separately. rounding, sums of components may not equal to ta ls . - 44 - Because of Table 17. Total cost of materials per 100 square feet of nursing home construction, 1965-66 Selected products and product groups A ll products New $1146.24 Metal products (except plumbing and heating) Fabricated structural metal products-------------Structural s te e l----------------------------------------------Reinforcing bars and j o i s t s --------------------------Fabricated sheet metal-----------------------------------Metal doors-------------------------------------------------------Metal windows---------------------------------------------------Ornamental metal----------------------------------------------Registers, g r i l l s , and d iffu sers-----------------Other------------------------------------------------------------------- 261.19 190.52 52.14 44.82 30.20 22.51 12.49 7.01 4.43 16.92 Other fabricated metal products Builder’ s hardware------------------Other------------------------------------------- 26.88 22.44 4.44 Other metal products------------------------Metal casework-------------------------------Galvanized sheet metal-----------------Aluminum sheet metal--------------------P artition s, lockers, and shelves Copper products-----------------------------Other------------------------------------------------ 43.79 15.35 10.34 9.03 3.13 2.76 3.18 Stone, clay, and glass products 219.16 Cement, concrete and gypsum products Ready-mix concrete---------------------------Concrete block and brick-----------------Gypsum products---------------------------------Precast concrete products---------------Cement-------------------------------------------------Lime-----------------------------------------------------Other---------------------------------------------------- 109.55 50.72 22.77 17.91 9.28 6.65 1.77 0.45 Structural clay products----Brick and structural t i l e Ceramic t i l e ----------------------Clay sewer pipe-----------------Other------------------------------------ 46.84 26.07 17.83 2 . 2 2 0.72 - 45 - Table 17. T o ta l c o s t o f m a t e r ia ls per 100 square f e e t o f nursing home c o n s t r u c t i o n , 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 —-continued Selected products and product groups Other stone, clay and glass products----Fiberglas insulation-----------------------------Vinyl t i l e (including vinyl-asbestos) Window gla ss--------------------------------------------Sand and gravel--------------------------------------Asbestos insulation-------------------------------Cut stone-------------------------------------------------Other---------------------------------------------------------- New $ 6 2 .7 7 1 7 .5 6 1 3 .0 0 9 .1 5 6 .0 5 3 .7 3 3 .2 7 1 0 . 0 1 Fixed hospital equipment--------------------------------------------Kitchen equipment----------------------------------------------------Elevators, moving stairways and dumb waiters----S te r ilize r s and autoclaves-------------------------------------Compressed air and oxygen system--------------------------R efrigerators, walk-in coolers and ice stations Incinerators--------------------------------------------------------------Other---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 0 .9 6 6 5 .5 0 2 6 .1 5 4 .0 3 E lectrica l equipment, fixtures and wire Lighting fixtu res-----------------------------------Noncurrent-carrying devices-----------------Intercom and fir e alarm system-----------Wire and cable-----------------------------------------Switchboards and panelboards---------------E lectric generating units--------------------Current-carrying wiring devices---------Transformers---------------------------- ---------------Clock and program systems--------------------Other---------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 1 .5 5 3 3 .2 0 1 8 .0 9 1 8 .0 1 1 6 .7 6 1 4 .6 7 7 .9 8 6 .8 3 2 .5 9 0 .5 6 H eatin g, v e n t i l a t i n g , and a i r c o n d itio n in g equipment— A ir co n d itio n in g equipment---------------------------------------------------R a d ia to r s, c o n v e c to r s , and b o i l e r s -----------------------------------Temperature c o n t r o l s ---------------------------------------------------------------Blowers, ex h a ust, and fa n s---------------------------------------------------Pumps, compressors--------------------------------------------------------------------O i l burners----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit hea te rs and v e n t i l a t o r s -----------------------------------------------Other----------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 8 .4 4 4 5 .0 3 3 1 .2 8 2 0 .5 7 1 0 .3 0 46 - 2 . 0 2 1 . 6 6 1 .4 0 2 0 . 2 0 2 . 8 6 6 . 1 2 2 .3 2 0 .9 4 1 . 8 8 Table 17. Total cost of materials per 100 square feet of nursing home construction, 1965-66— continued Selected products and product groups New $109.71 44.61 17.13 14.70 14.23 11.55 7.49 Plumbing products--------------------Plumbing fixtu res-----------------Steel and galvanized pipe— Copper pipes--------------------------Cast iron pipe and fittin g s Valves and sp e c ia ltie s-------Other--------------------------------------- 101.87 56.84 31.82 9.30 3.91 Lumber and lumber productsM i l l w o r k ------------------------------------ Rough and dressed lumber Plywood------------------------------Other---------------------------------Petroleum products-----------Asphalt paving---------------Asphalt f e l t s -----------------Asphalt and tar pitches Other-------------------------------- 20.80 8.87 7.07 3.99 0.87 Paint and other chemical compounds Paint-----------------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------------ 14.28 8.85 5.43 A ll other----------------------------------------------Construction equipment------------------Other accoustical t i l e and boards Wood fiber board-----------------------------Vinyl wall covering-------------- ---------Laminated p la stic panels---------------Other-------------------------------------------------- 58.28 24.61 17.99 5.70 3.92 2.04 4.02 NOTE: Group to ta ls include products not shown separately. Because of rounding, sums of components may not equal to ta ls . - 47 - Table 18. Total cost of material components for each $1,000 of nursing home construction contract, 1965-66 Selected products and product groups A ll products New $548.74 Metal products (except plumbing and heating) Fabricated structural metal products-------------Structural s te e l----------------------------------------------Reinforcing bars and j o i s t s --------------------------Fabricated sheet metal-----------------------------------Metal doors-------------------------------------------------------Metal windows---------------------------------------------------Ornamental metal----------------------------------------------Registers, g r i ll s and d iffu sers------------------Other------------------------------------------------ ------------------Other fabricated metal products B uilder's hardware------------------Other------------------------------------------Other metal products------------------------Metal casework-------------------------------Galvanized sheet metal-----------------Aluminum sheet metal--------------------P artition s, lockers, and shelves Copper products-----------------------------Other-----------------------------------------------Stone, clay, and glass products 125.04 91.21 24.96 21.46 14.46 10.77 5.98 3.36 2 . 1 2 8 . 1 0 1 2 .8 6 10.74 2 . 1 2 20.97 7.35 4.95 4.32 1.50 1.32 1.53 104.92 Cement, concrete and gypsum products Ready-mix concrete---------------------------Concrete block and brick-----------------Gypsum products---------------------------------Precast concrete products---------------Cement-------------------------------------------------Lime-----------------------------------------------------Other---------------------------------------------------- 52.44 24.28 10.90 8.58 4.44 3.18 0.85 Structural clay products----Brick and structural t i l e Ceramic t i l e ----------------------Clay sewer pipe-----------------Other------------------------------------ 22.43 12.48 8.54 1.06 0.35 - 48 - 0 . 2 1 T a b l e 1 8 . n u r s i n g T o t a l h o m e S e l e c t e d O t h e r s t o n e , a t e r i a l a n d a n d c o m p o n e n t s c o n t r a c t , p r o d u c t g l a s s 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 — f o r e a c h $ 1 , 0 0 0 ( i n c l u d i n g o f c o n t i n u e d N ew g r o u p s $ p r o d u c t s — 3 0 . 0 5 8 . 4 0 6 . 2 3 v i n y l - a s b e s t o s ) 4 . 3 8 g l a s s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ a n d g r a v e l ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 . 9 0 A s b e s t o s i n s u l a t i o n ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 . 7 9 S a n d s t o n e ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 . 5 6 O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 . 7 9 C u t F i x e d e q u i p m e n t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 7 . 8 9 e q u i p m e n t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 1 . 3 6 h o s p i t a l K i t c h e n E l e v a t o r s , m o v i n g S t e r i l i z e r s C o m p r e s s e d a n d a i r R e f r i g e r a t o r s , E m i n s u l a t i o n --------------------------------------------------------- --- t i l e W in d o w o f p r o d u c t s c l a y , F i b e r g l a s V i n y l c o s t c o n s t r u c t i o n s t a i r w a y s a n d d u m b w a i t e r s ----------- a u t o c l a v e s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------a n d o x y g e n w a l k - i n s y s t e m ------------------------------------------------------ c o o l e r s a n d i c e s t a t i o n s 1 2 . 5 2 1 . 9 3 0 . 9 7 0 . 7 9 I n c i n e r a t o r s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 . 6 7 O t h e r ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 . 6 5 l e c t r i c a l L i g h t i n g e q u i p m e n t , f i x t u r e s a n d w i r e - 5 8 . 1 9 f i x t u r e s ------------------------------------------------------------------------- N o n c u r r e n t - c a r r y i n g a n d s y s t e m ------------------------- 8 . 6 2 W i r e c a b l e ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 . 0 2 p a n e l b o a r d s -------------------------------- 7 . 0 2 S w i t c h b o a r d s E l e c t r i c a n d g e n e r a t i n g C u r r e n t - c a r r y i n g T r a n s f o r m C l o c k a l a r m 8 . 6 6 I n t e r c o m a n d f i r e 1 5 . 8 9 d e v i c e s ------------------------------------ w u n i t s -------------------------------------------i r i n g 3 . 8 2 d e v i c e s --------------------- 3 . 2 7 e r s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ a n d 0 . 2 7 O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 . 3 8 A i r v e n t i l a t i n g , c o n d i t i o n i n g R a d i a t o r s , B l o w e r s , O i l U n i t a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g e q u i p m e n t — 2 1 . 5 6 1 4 . 9 7 c o n t r o l s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 . 8 5 a n d a n d 5 6 . 7 0 b o i l e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------- e x h a u s t , c o m a n d e q u i p m e n t ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- c o n v e c t o r s , T e m p e r a t u r e P u m p s , s y s t e m 1 . 2 4 s ------------------------------------------- H e a t i n g , p r o g r a m f a n s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 . 9 3 p r e s s o r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 . 9 3 b u r n e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------h e a t e r s 1 . 1 1 v e n t i l a t o r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 . 4 5 O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 . 9 0 a n d - 49. - T a b l e 1 8 . n u r s i n g T o t a l h o m e c o s t S e l e c t e d P l u m b i n g a t e r i a l c o m p o n e n t s c o n t r a c t , p r o d u c t s a n d f o r 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 — p r o d u c t e a c h $ 1 , 0 0 0 g a l v a n i z e d N ew g r o u p s $ V a l v e s p i p e 8 . 2 0 7 . 0 4 f i t t i n g s 6 . 8 1 s p e c i a l t i e s ----------------- 5 . 5 3 O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 . 5 9 L u m b e r M a n d a n d a n d l u m b e r p r o d u c t s 4 8 . 7 6 2 7 . 2 1 i l l w o r k ---------------------------------------------------------- R o u g h a n d d r e s s e d l u m b e r 1 5 . 2 3 P l y w o o d -------------------------------------------------------------- 4 . 4 5 O t h e r --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 . 8 7 P e t r o l e u m p r o d u c t s ------------------------ 9 . 9 6 p a v i n g --------------------------------- 4 . 2 5 A s p h a l t f e l t s ----------------------------------- 3 . 3 8 A s p h a l t a n d A s p h a l t t a r p i t c h e s 1 . 9 1 0 . 4 2 O t h e r ----------------------------------------------------------------- P a i n t A 5 2 . 5 3 2 1 . 3 6 p i p e — p i p e s ------------------------------------------------------ i r o n o f c o n t i n u e d f i x t u r e s ------------------------------------ a n d C o p p e r C a s t m p r o d u c t s ------------------------------------------- P l u m b i n g S t e e l o f c o n s t r u c t i o n c o m p o u n d s 6 . 8 3 P a i n t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 . 2 4 O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 . 5 9 l l a n d o t h e r c h e m i c a l o t h e r ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C o n s t r u c t i o n O t h e r W o o d a c c o u s t i c a l f i b e r V i n y l w a l l L a m i n a t e d O t h e r — t i l e a n d 1 1 . 7 9 b o a r d s 8 . 6 1 b o a r d ------------------------------------------------------------- 2 . 7 3 c o v e r i n g -------------------------------------------------- 0 . 9 8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 . 9 3 o f p l a s t i c 1 . 8 8 p a n e l s -------------------------------- N O T E : B e c a u s e 2 7 . 9 2 e q u i p m e n t --------------------------------------- G r o u p t o t a l s r o u n d i n g , s u m s i n c l u d e o f p r o d u c t s c o m p o n e n t s - 5 0 n o t m a y s h o w n n o t s e p a r a t e l y . e q u a l t o t a l s . * U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING O FF IC E : 1971 O - 413-254 The U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor S tatistics Announces the 1970 Edition of the HANDBOOK OF LABOR STATISTICS The latest compendium on Labor S tatistics. Q uestions: F o r the a n s w e r s e e s e c t i o n on — 1. • Labor force • Employment • Unemployment Who works? 2. How long? • Hours 3. What is their output? • Productivity and unit labor costs Compensation 4. How much are they paid? • 5. How are th e ir earnings spent? • Prices and livin g conditions • G eneral economic data 6. Are these w orkers organized? • Unions and industrial re la tio n s 7. How do answ ers to the questions above for the U nited States compare w ith other countries? • Foreign labor s ta tis tic s 8. 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