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U. S. D E PA R TM E N T OF LA BO R
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner
BULLETIN OF TH E UNITED STATES }
B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S \ ’ ’ ’
LABOR
LAWS
OF
THE
U N IT E D
STATES
(W H O L E
\ NUM BER
SER IES:
N o.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916
JUNE, 1917
WASHINGTON
G O VE R NM EN T PR I N T I N G OFFICE
1017
0 1 ^
£ 1 3
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CONTENTS.
. Page.
Review of labor legislation of 1916...........................................................................
5-27
Introduction............................................................................................................
5,6
Contract of employm ent.......................................................................................
6-9
6-9
Private em ploym ent.....................................................................................
Public employm ent.......................................................................................
9
Liab ility for inj uries..............................................................................................
9,10
Wages___.................................................................................................................
10-13
Hours of labor.........................................................................................................
13,14
Holidays..................................................................................................................
14,15
Procuring employm ent.........................................................................................
15,16
Labor disputes........................................................................................................
16
Hygiene and safety...............................................................................................
17-20
Factories, e tc ..................................................................................................
17-19
Mine regulations.............................................................................................
19,20
Railroads..........................................................................................................
20
Employment of women and children...............................................................
20-23
Bureaus of labor, etc.............................................................................................
23, 24
Social insurance.....................................................................................................
24, 25
Convict labor.................................................................................... ..................
26, 27
Laws of various States relating to labor enacted since January 1,1916............. 29-154
California.................................................................................................................
29-40
Orders of the Industrial Welfare Com mission........................................
29-32
Orders of the Industrial A ccident Commission......................................
32-40
Georgia.............. ...................................................................... ............................
41
43-49
K entucky........................................................................................ ......................
Louisi ana................................................................................................................
51-54
Maryland.................................................................................................................
55-69
Massachusetts........................................................................ . . . . ..................
71-79
Decrees of Minimum Wage Commission..................................................
78, 79
Mississippi...............................................................................................................
81, 82
New Jersey.............................................................................................................
83-90
Regulations of Department of L a b o r.......................................................
86-90
New Y ork................................................................................................................
91-106
Rules and regulations of Industrial Board.............................................. 98-106
Ohio (orders of the Industrial Commission).................................................... 107-115
Oregon (rulings and orders of Industrial Welfare Commission)................ 117-127
Philippine Islands................................................................................................. 129,130
Porto R ico ...............................................................................................................
131
Rhode Island.......................................................................................................... 133-136
South Carolina........................................................................................................ 137-141
Tennessee................................................................................................................ 143,144
V irg in ia ,.,............................................................................................................... 145-150
United States................ ........................................................................... .......... 151-154
3
BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
W HOLE NO. 213.
WASHINGTON.
JUNE, 1917.
REVIEW OF LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916.
INTRODUCTION.
During the }^ear 1916 the legislatures of 11 States, the Philip
pine Islands and Porto Rico, and the Federal Congress met in
regular session, besides which the legislatures of five States were
called in extra session, that of Illinois thus meeting twice. With
the exception of the extra sessions of South Dakota and Tennessee,
laws or resolutions affecting labor were enacted or adopted by all
of these bodies, and are reproduced in the present bulletin. Not
included in the above is an extra session of the Legislature of
Maine, called to approve a revision of the Code of the State. The
industrial commissions and like bodies in a number of States also
issued orders or regulations having the force of laws, and these also
are reproduced.
Besides the legislation of 1916, attention should be called to the
referendum vote of the people of Maine on the “ 54-hour law 55 for
women and children, enacted at the 1915 legislative session, the op
eration of which was suspended until a vote could be had at the State
election in September. Another piece of legislation of the year 1915
is the antitipping law of Tennessee, vetoed by the governor, this veto
having been subsequently held to be void. The Maine statute appears
in its proper place in the legislation of 1915, while that of Tennessee,
not having been before reproduced, will be found in the present
bulletin.
Previous labor legislation is collected in Bulletin No. 148, under
taken as a complete compilation of laws in force at the close of the
year 1913, and in Bulletins No. 166 (1914) and No. 186 (1915).
Separate compilations have been made of laws relating to the com
pensation of workmen for injuries, both because of their bulk and
of the special interest of the subject. These are to be found in Bulle
tins Nos. 126, 185, and 203.
6
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR. STA TISTICS.
Important legislation of the year affects the employment of
women and children, the number of acts on this subject being, as
usual, quite considerable. Of most general interest is the Federal
statute regulating interstate commerce in the products of child labor.
The State of South Carolina advanced the minimum age of employ
ment from 12 to 14; while the Maryland statute on the subject was
amended to extend the scope of the 14-year standard in that State.
Of interest more because of the relation to a recent and growing
educational movement than because of the number of children
affected thereby are the amendments of the laws of a few States for
the purpose of meeting the conditions resulting from the establish
ment of vocational training schools.
The establishment of a maximum workday for adult males is a
movement of slow growth, but it continues to progress. The Missis
sippi statute applicable to manufacturing establishments was slightly
amended, while the Legislature of South Carolina established a 10hour limit for the labor of employees on interurban railways. Be
sides these is the act of Congress establishing 8 hours as the stand
ard period for the determination of a day’s work in the compu
tation of wages of employees engaged in operating trains on steam
railroads.
The question of social insurance also continues to receive atten
tion, not only in that aspect of it which is covered by workmen’s
compensation lawTs, but also in the extension of provisions for the
relief of widowed mothers unable to maintain homes for their chil
dren; while the Legislature of Massachusetts established a commis
sion on social insurance, to take a broader view of the field.
CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT.
PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT.
The right of all persons of adult years to contract freely with re
gard to the performance of labor has become subjected to a number
of limitations by reason of the inequalities developed in our economic
system. The legislation of the year under review is rather evenly
divided in the restrictions laid upon employers and employees, a
statute of Porto Eico (No. 58), amending Eevised Statutes, section
5924, and declaring it larceny for an employer to defraud a laborer
by making or causing false reports as to the financial standing or
ability of the employer. On the other hand, the Legislature of Vir
ginia (ch. 13), penalizes the making of contracts to perform farm
labor, securing advances thereon, and fraudulently refusing to per
form the service contracted for, the offense being punishable as lar
ceny. Probably as restrictive on the employee should be classed the
LABOR LEG ISLA TIO N OP 1916---- R E V IE W .
7
Tennessee statute (ch. 185, Acts of 1915), which forbids employees
of hotels, restaurants, cafes, barber shops, dining cars, railroad com
panies and sleeping-car companies to receive tips. The public is also
forbidden to give, and the employers or companies to allow the
giving of tips, nor may the law be evaded by including in any bill for
services a sum of this description.
Congress continued in three of its appropriation acts its prohibi
tion of past years on the making of efficiency tests and the payment
of bonuses for extra work in navy yards, arsenals, etc. A new re
striction of a rather limited class of persons is laid by Congress
(No. 85) in its prohibition of the civil employment of enlisted men
in the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps, including noncommissioned
officers, musicians, and privates, where such employment would com
pete with the customary employment and regular engagement of
local civilians. The intent to secure the employment of local labor
is apparent also in acts requiring public printing to be done within
the State. The law of Mississippi on this subject was amended (ch.
185) by requiring that bidders for such work must have plants with
in the State, or be bona fide residents thereof and engaged in the
printing business. Bids from outside may be received if State
printers combine to prevent competition.
The examination and licensing of workmen as a means of secur
ing efficiency and public safety is an obvious limitation on the free
dom of contract, but is justified for various reasons, dependent on
the employment. The Legislature of Rhode Island (ch. 1383)
amended without much modification the law of the State on the sub
ject of the licensing of barbers. Several States amended their laws
as to chauffeurs, the Legislature of Massachusetts (ch. 140) raising
to $1 the fee for the renewal of an operator’s license, while that
of New Jersey (ch. 137) reduced the minimum age for procuring a
license from 18 years to 16 and increased the annual fee from $2 to $3.
A new statute of Porto Rico (No. 75) establishes the minimum age
of chauffeurs offering their services for hire, at 18 years. A medical
certificate of physical ability and mental capacity is required, as
well as an examination as to practical knowledge and ability. The
fee for examination and license, payable but once, is $5. In Rhode
Island (ch. 1354) a new motor-vehicle law was enacted, the general
provisions as to chauffeurs being the same as in the preceding law;
the same is true of the amendment of the Virginia statute, the law
(ch. 522) accepting a recommendation by two reputable citizens in
lieu of an examination, the annual license fee being $2.50.
The Illinois statute on the examination, etc., of horseshoers was
amended (p. 29, extra session of 1915), but only as regards the sal
aries of the members and secretary of the examining board.
8
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOFt STATISTICS.
Operators of moving-picture machines are the subject of an act
(ch. 184) of the New York Legislature, the statute exempting from
the requirement of a license operators of miniature apparatus using
slow-burning films.
The law of Massachusetts on the subject of the registration of
electricians was amended (ch. 199) by striking out the provisions as
to hearings prior to the revocation of licenses, and as to the review
of such revocations.
A Maryland statute (ch. 704) prescribes a graduated fee for
plumbers’ licenses ranging from $5 to $15, according to the size of
the city or town; while in New York (ch. 397) villages are author
ized to adopt building and sanitary codes on a vote of the board of
trustees, including provisions for the examination and licensing of
plumbers. Licenses are required in the cities of the State, and a
statute (ch. 305) amends the existing law by requiring plumbers to
procure a sign of prescribed dimensions bearing the words “ licensed
plumber,” the same to be displayed during the continuance of busi
ness, and to be surrendered to the city authorities on the retirement
of the holder from business.
Standing on a somewhat different footing, but expressing the idea
of necessary qualifications for engaging in specified lines of work,
is a New York act (ch. 424) extending earlier provisions of the law
as to illiterate employees on railroads by requiring that not only
locomotive engineers, but also firemen, engine foremen, hostlers,,
trainmen, and flagmen, shall be able to read and write the English
language and see and understand signals.
As restrictive of the personal habits of certain classes of employees
in the interest of the public, notice may be taken under this head of
a Virginia statute (ch. 372) which makes it a misdemeanor, punish
able by fine or jail sentence, or both, for a chauffeur, motonnan, engi
neer, or other person running an automobile, car, truck, engine, or
train to be intoxicated while on duty.
Under this head also may be noted the protection of persons in
the status of employees, in the exercise of their rights as citizens.
Thus a Mississippi statute (ch. 245) penalizes any discrimination
as to employment or business undertakings against persons who are
members of the National Guard on account of such membership.
Employers are protected by this act as well as employees. A law
of Kentucky (ch. 15) fixes a penalty against employers who coerce,
discharge, or threaten with discharge any employee on account of his
vote. Of a somewhat different nature, but proper for mention in this
connection, is an act of the Oklahoma Legislature (ch. 25) providing
that persons who are absent from their own voting precincts on elec
tion day may cast their ballots at another precinct of the State, such
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- REVIEW.
9
ballots to be mailed to the home precinct for counting. Laws of
this class were first enacted in connection with railroad employment,
but, as in the present instance, have come to be of general inclusion
in a few States.
P U B L IC E M P L O Y M E N T .
An exact classification of laws providing for the retirement of
public employees would not, perhaps, group them with laws affecting
the contract of employment, though there is doubtless a connection,
even if indirect. The State of Massachusetts has made provision for
retirement systems for various classes of the employees of the State,1
the persons affected being given the option of accepting or rejecting
the provisions of the laws, a date having been set prior to which
the choice should be made. An act supplemental to this (ch. 164)
provides that persons wiio have rejected the retirement provision in
the past and now desire to avail themselves of its benefits may do so
by giving notice during the year 1916, though no time prior to. the
election shall be counted as a part of the service period on which
retirement is to be based. In the Philippine Islands (N’o. 2589)
provision is made for the retirement of permanent officers and em
ployees in the civil service after six years of service, if such retire-^
ment is not prejudicial to the operation of the bureau affected. The
benefit is a limited one, consisting of various percentages of the basic
salary, according to the term of service, payable for a period of but
three years; in case of the death of the beneficiary before this period
is complete the unpaid balance goes to the estate.
LIABILITY FOR INJURIES.
A long-standing classification has placed as one of the incidents
of the employment status the liability of the employer for in-3
juries befalling employees on account of the former’s negligence.'
The present-day movement toward workmen’s compensation tends
to transfer that subject to the field of social insurance, though"
obviously' the method of compensation awards is the substitute'
for and successor of the liability system. As indicated in the in
troduction, the subject of compensation laws is considered in a
separate bulletin, and, as compared with liability legislation, this rep
resents much the larger activity of the States. In two States, how
ever, neither of which has as yet any condensation legislation, laws
were enacted prescribing the liability of railroad companies for in
juries to their workmen. In both these States (Virginia, ch. 444;
South Carolina, No. 557), the law enacted follows closely the pro-'
visions of the Federal statute governing interstate commerce. The
particular respects in which this is true are in the abrogation of the
10
BULLETIN OF T H E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
defense of fellow service, in the enactment of the principle o f com
parative negligence, and in the denial to the employer of the de
fenses of contributory negligence, and assumed risks where there is a
violation of safety laws. In both laws also contracts of waiver are
forbidden. The South Carolina statute provides that punitive dam
ages shall not be recovered under the act, while that of Virginia
limits its operations to steam roads for general traffic only, electric
lines and mine and mill roads not being included. The law of Vir
ginia on this general subject was modified by another act {ch. 287),
which directs that contributory negligence must be pleaded by the
defendant in his bill of particulars, though either party may amend
pleadings to avoid surprise. The defendant may, however, take ad
vantage of any contributory negligence disclosed in the plaintiff's
testimony.
Another phase of liability is presented in an act of Porto Rico
(No. 51), amending the law declaring the liability of conductors,
engineers, etc., in charge of cars, engines, or other vehicles, who
cause injury or death by acts of gross negligence or carelessness:
separate penalties are provided for nonfatal injuries and for death.
WAGES.
Legislative regulations affecting wages address themselves mainly
to the matter of securing the payment of the amounts of wages agreed
upon in the contract of employment, only exceptionally concerning
themselves with the question of what these amounts shall be. This
rule has been varied in a number of States, however, by prescriptions
of the amounts to be paid for labor on public works. Thus the Legis
lature of Maryland (ch. 134) provides that for work on the public
roads of Allegany County the minimum amount payable shall be $2.
This is the minimum standard fixed as the earnings for a day of
9 hours; overtime may be worked in cases of emergency, with pro
rata pay for any excess over 9 hours. A similar effect as to over
time is contemplated in the Federal statute (No. 252) establishing
an 8-hour day as the standard working-day, not restricting overtime
work, but directing that any excess over 8 hours shall be paid for
by a pro rata addition to the regular daily rate.
Direct intervention in the matter of amounts of wages in private
industry is found in the minimum wage laws existing in a number
of States. The new legislation of the year in this field is an amend
ment by the Massachusetts Legislature (ch. 303) fixing the composi
tion of the commission charged with the administration of the State
law. It is directed that one member shall be an employer of female
labor, one may be a woman, and one may be a representative of labor,
Decrees of this commission are noted under the heading “ Employ
ment of women and children.”
LABOB LEGISLATION OF 1916----REVIEW.
11
The time of payment is considered in several States, a law of
South Carolina (No. 546) establishing a weekly pay day for all em
ployees of corporations engaged in the manufacture of textiles; while
a Kentucky statute (ch. 21) establishes a semimonthly pay day for
employees of all corporations organized for pecuniary profit, reten
tion of 18 days’ wages being allowed. Other laws in this field are
amendatory, one of Massachusetts (ch- 229) adding hotels in cities
to the list of establishments which must pay their employees weekly,
while another act of the same State (ch. 14) places the enforcement
of the law in the hands of the State board of labor and industry
instead of the district police or faetory-inspection force. Complaints
may be made within 3 months after a violation, instead of but 30
days, as formerly. The Louisiana law is amended (No. 108) by
specifying oil companies and mining companies as being included in
the semimonthly pay-day law of that State; the amendment also
strikes out the maximum limitation, found in the original law, of
the term of imprisonment for violations. The Mississippi statute
is amended (ch. 241) by inserting the words “ or on the second and
fourth Saturdays” following the direction that payments shall be
made twice during each calendar month; the retention of 10 days’
pay is also allowed instead of 7 days’, as formerly.
To secure the freedom of employees as traders is the object of
enactments forbidding coercion as to the place where purchases of
supplies may be made by them. A new law in this field is that of
Louisiana (No. 188), which makes it unlawful to require employees
to deal with any specified individual, firm, or corporation, or to
punish or blacklist, in any way, an employee for failing thus to deal;
an exception is made as to the purchase and sale of uniforms. A
law of similar intent has been in force in the Philippine Islands,
and was amended during the legislative session of 1916. The earlier
act was restricted in its application to the Moros and non-Christian
tribes, but was, by the amendment (No. 2537), made of general
application, with an added provision that wages shall be paid in legal
tender unless at the express request of the employees- A somewhat
later act (No. 2549), embodies the identical provisions of the old
law as amended, except that it omits the minimum penalty for vio
lations. This act apparently supersedes the older laws.
Approaching this same question from a somewhat different angle
is a law of Mississippi (ch. 91), establishing an occupation tax on the
maintenance of boarding or commissary cars supplying goods and
merchandise to employees and others. Under this law box cars of
two or more outfits pay a tax of $100 per annum in counties in which
a city of 10,000 population or more exists, the minimum fee of $10
being charged in counties with towns having less than 5,000 popula
12
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
tion. This act does not apply to railroads selling supplies to none
but their own employees.
The matter of the assignment of wages was taken up by two legis
latures, that of Louisiana enacting a new law (Mo. 102), which
requires a license for brokers lending money on the security of wages
pledged, the fee being $500 when the capital is in excess of $25,000,
and $250 when it is below that sum. A separate fee must be paid
for each office maintained, and local authorities may exact other fees
for local license in addition to those charged by the State. Eighteen
per cent is the maximum annual interest that may be charged, and
annual reports of operations are required. No assignment of wages
is valid without the employer’s acceptance, and if the assignor is a
married man his wife must sign the assignment papers. Violations
subject the broker to a fine of frpm $250 to $500, with a forfeiture
of the license and of the loans outstanding. The Massachusetts
statute was amended (ch. 208) by exempting three-fourths of an
employee’s weekly wages from assignment.
Having for their object the security of the payment of wages, laws
are found in practically every State giving liens for the value of
service rendered or work done, and binding on the subject matter of
the labor. The growth of new industries and the development of
methods of handling large undertakings call for modifications in
existing laws, and as amendments accumulate it also becomes de
sirable. to recodify the entire law on the subject. Instances of
both kinds occur in the legislation for the year 1916, new laws in
Louisiana giving liens for automobile repairs (No. 82), the same
being binding for a term of 90 days, and for railroad construction
work (No. 98), the lien subjecting roadbeds, tracks, rights of way,
and franchises to the claims of persons furnishing material or per
forming labor. Another law of the same State (No. 229) is an
enactment of a general nature, repealing conflicting laws, and giving
a preferred privilege for labor and materials. The Massachusetts
act on this subject is amended (ch. 306) in the matter of procedure
as to the enforcement of liens; while a new lawT of New Jersey (ch.
126) prescribes the rights of bleachers, dyers, and finishers of cotton
goods in the material treated by them. The New York Legislature
enacted a law (ch. 507) of a generally amendatory nature, giving
definitions, the extent of the. liens granted, regulations as to filing
notice, etc. No lien provided for may interfere with the rights of
laborers receiving daily or weekly wages. A South Carolina statute
(No. 375) grants a lien on real estate for labor and materials, the
same to have precedence over the rights of the contractor.
Instead of giving a lien on the property, provision may be made
requiring the contractor to give a bond, so that the owner of the
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- REVIEW.
13
property shall not be involved in the contractor’s failure to pay his
own debts. Such provisions are found in two Louisiana statutes, one
(No. 232) directing that contracts for the drilling of oil wells shall
be in writing and recorded in the office of the county recorder of
mortgages, such recordation giving a lien on the well, appliances,
and adjacent ground not exceeding 10 acres. The owner of the
property must require the contractor to give bond to secure pay
ments for labor and materials furnished the latter. The other act
(No. 262) is an amendment to an act of 1912 on the subject of
building contracts. The statute is applicable only in cases w^here
the amount involved is in excess of $500, the provisions as to record
and the giving of a bond being the same as in the law just noted.
A Georgia statute (p. 94) relates only to contracts for public works
and declares all contracts void unless a bond has been given to secure
the payment of the contractor’s obligations for labor and materials.
Additional security may be required if apparently necessary; action
on the bond must be brought within one year from the completion
and acceptance of the work.
HOURS OF LABOR.
Like the regulation of wages, the regulation of the hours of labor
of adult males is usually not attempted, except in industries of dan
gerous character or those affecting public welfare. A few States
have g<one beyond this, however, Mississippi being one, and its legis-'
lature has again (ch. 239) amended the law of the State applicable
to manufacturing establishments, permitting a variation from the 10hour day for night workers, allowing them to work 11J hours for
five nights and 3f the sixth night, making a total of 60 hours per
week. A South Carolina law applicable to textile mills is also
amended (No. 547) by adding the declaration that “ Sixty hours per
week shall be regarded as six whole days and be paid for accordingly.”
The law also sets limitations on the making up of lost time and re
quires a schedule of work to be posted. A new section is added to the
Criminal Code by the same act, providing that no docking for lost
time shall be for a larger amount than the actual producing value of
the machine for the time during which it was not in operation.
As affecting the public interest, the regulation of the hours of labor
oh railroads has for some time been recognized as valid. The Federal
16-hour law, which is a restrictive statute, was amended (No. 68) by
establishing a minimum penalty for violations ($100), leaving the
maximum of $500 unchanged. Likewise restrictive is a new act of the
South Carolina Legislature (No. 544) fixing at 10 hours per day the
permissible work time for “ any employee ” on interurban railways.
The new Federal statute (No. 252), known as the 8-hour railroad
14
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
law, applies to employees engaged in any capacity in the operation
of trains on steam roads in interstate commerce. It is not a restric
tive law as to permissible hours of labor, but makes 8 hours “ the
measure or standard of a day’s work for the purpose o f reckoning
the compensation for services of all employees” so engaged. As
already stated, pro rata payments must be made for overtime work.
A commission is provided for to observe the operations of the act
and report thereon within from six to nine months after the law
becomes operative (Jan. 1, 1917). Pending such report the com
pensation of employees shall not be reduced below the present stand
ard day’s wage.
Regulations affecting women and children only are noted in the
section devoted to these classes o f employees.
Service on public work is subject to regulation at the will of the
State, so that the hours of labor thereon may be fixed as the State
may determine. In Massachusetts the question of acceptance of an
8-hour day for public employees is put by the legislature into the
hands of the municipalities in so far as it relates to their employees,
and a new statute (ch. 240) adds the proviso that 48 hours shall con
stitute a week’s work as well as that 8 hours shall constitute a day’s
work, subject, however, to the acceptance of this provision by the
local authorities. Another amendment made by this same act adds
State employees in the nautical school, on police boats, and in charge
of armories to the list of persons to whom the law does not apply.
The New York law fixing 8 hours as a day’s labor on public works
is amended by two acts (chs. 151, 152), the net effect of which is to
place the penalty clause in the labor law itself instead of in the
Criminal Code of the State, together with some modification of the
methods of enforcing penalties.
Bearing directly on this subject will be the reports of the State
Board of Health of Massachusetts on the subject of conditions of
labor of employees in hotels and restaurants, an investigation on this
subject having been directed (Resolves, ch. 74) with a view to the
establishment of a day of rest for such employees; and of the Massa
chusetts State commission on social insurance on the subject o f in
dustries of continuous operation, which are to be investigated by it
(Resolves, ch. 164), the report to embody such drafts of bills as may
be deemed practical and expedient for the regulation of labor therein.
H O LID AYS.
Closely related to the foregoing is the subject of Sunday and holi
day labor, laws relative to the former of which at least have been of
long standing. The encroachments of modern living conditions in
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916— REVIEW.
15
the matter of work on Sunday are marked in two amending laws
in this field, one of Massachusetts (ch. 146) allowing licensed inn
holders and victualers to sell on Sunday cooked meals to be consumed
off the premises, with the provision that no intoxicating liquors shall
be included; while in Virginia (ch. 435) the delivery on Sunday of
ice cream made on another day is classed as a work of necessity.
Massachusetts, after long delay, provides (ch. 104) that New Year’s
Day shall be a legal holiday, making complete the list of States of
the Union thus recognizing the day. February 12, Lincoln Day, is
made a legal holiday in Kentucky (ch. 107), while a Maryland law
(ch. 633) declares March 25 a holiday to be known as Maryland Day.
The growing recognition of the Saturday half holiday finds place
in the Massachusetts law (ch. 258) which amends an earlier act
granting such half holiday for certain public emplo3^ees by allow
ing the holiday to all employees in the designated lines of service
instead of to permanent employees only and during the entire year
instead of for the summer months only.
PROCURING EMPLOYMENT.
The distribution of labor and the means of preventing unemploy
ment are problems that demand continued and increasing attention.
The Legislature of California, by a resolution (ch. 8) adopted at its
extra session of the year, indorses a suggestion made by the Secre
tary of Labor of the United States in his third annual report as to
the tenure of public lands and the furnishing of financial aid to un
employed persons in taking up holdings. More direct is the method
of the New York Legislature, which created (ch. 586) a bureau of
farm settlement, the chief to be appointed by the commissioner of
agriculture, the duties of this officer to be to arrange for the immi
gration and settlement of farm labor, to secure lands on sale or lease,
etc.
An amendment to the law of the same State regulating the opera
tion of private employment offices is found in an act (ch. 587) which
by way of exception permits a division of fees where contracts are
secured for theatrical engagements, provided such division can be
effected without injury to the applicant for a position. The Vir
ginia statute on the same subject is largely rewritten (ch. 168), the
law in its present form requiring a register to be kept showing the
name, address, age, sex, nativity, and trade or occupation of the
applicant for work, and the name, address, and nature of the em
ployment offered in the case of applicants for help. This register is
to be open to inspection by the State officials. The maximum fee
allowed is $3, which is to be returned in full on demand if no posi
16
BULLETIN QF THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS.
tion is secured within 30 days. The sending of females to places
of immoral resort is prohibited, as are the making of false state
ments, enticing employed persons in order to earn fees, and the divid
ing of fees between agents and employers.
Another law of Virginia (ch. 517) reflects the results of economic
conditions in the restriction placed on the activities of so-called labor
agents. The law is enacted as an emergency one, it being declared
that the industries of the State are being crippled by irresponsible
itinerant agents. An annual fee in a prohibitive amount ($500) is
to be charged such agents, who must secure a prior certificate from
the judge of the court of the city or county in which the agent pro
poses to carry on his work, to the effect that the applicant is of good
character and honest demeanor. This act does not apply to employ
ment agencies 'where business is done inside the office and not by
solicitors, for which the license tax is fixed at $25.
LABOR DISPUTES.
The principal enactment in this field is by the Legislature of South
Carolina, a law having been enacted (No. 545) by this bod}^ provid
ing for a State board to be appointed by the governor, charged with
the investigation of labor disputes with the purpose of conciliation.
The board is to consist of three members with initial terms of two,
four, and six-years, respectively, succeeding appointments to be for the
term of six years. One member is to be a representative of labor
and another of capital, while the third is to represent the general
public. They may themselves act as arbitrators on the request of
both parties, where conciliation has failed, or they may nominate
or appoint other arbitrators. As a board of conciliation they have
the power to summon witnesses, compel the production of books and
papers, inspect premises, and require the parties to a dispute to
testify in executive session. I f a majority of the board recommends
such action, they may report their findings to the governor or the
general assembly. The only other action in this field was taken by
the Massachusetts Legislature, which amended its act requiring notice
of strikes, etc., in advertisements for labor, by providing (ch. 89)
that the termination of strikes shall be decided on the application of
the employer after a full hearing of all persons concerned, to be
represented by counsel if desired, after three days’ notice by publi
cation in three daily papers. This act was further amended (ch. 143)
by transferring its enforcement to the State board of labor and
iiidustry from the board of conciliation and arbitration.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- REVIEW.
17
HYGIENE AND SAFETY.
F A C T O R IE S , E TC .
Precautions against the dangers of fire are found in a statute of
Kentucky (ch. 19), which provides for the appointment of a State
fire marshal whose powers, among other things, extend to the en
forcement of all laws as to the prevention of fires, the manufacture,
storage, etc., of combustibles and explosives, the installation of firealarm systems, fire extinguishers, fire escapes, etc., this work to be
carried out in conjunction with local officials. He is also authorized
to make inspections, to fix regulations and issue orders as to safety
provisions, to require alterations where necessary for safety, and
to teach safety and fire prevention by the establishment of museums,
the giving of lectures, etc. The New York law is amended by pro
viding (ch. 62) that where there is a space of 30 feet horizontally
from another wall or an elevation of 50 feet above buildings stand
ing nearer, the requirement of fireproof windows may be waived.
Another act (ch, 466) transfers to the State industrial board the duty
of regulating fire drills, formerly in the hands of the State fire mar
shal ; this act also excepts from the requirement of the installation of
fire signals and the observance of fire drills establishments equipped
with a designated type of fire-sprinkler system. The provisions
of the Virginia Code were extended (ch. 514) to mills or places
where the manufacture of goods of any kind is carried on, and also
to mercantile establishments and office buildings over three stories
in height, or over two stories if as many as 15 persons are employed
above the second floor. Local authorities have held the power to
prescribe types of fire escapes to be installed in the various cities
and towns of the State, and this act provides that if no selection had
been made before July 1, 1916, the State commissioner of labor
should give notice, and if the proper steps were not taken within 60
days he himself should establish the standard, though new installa
tions should not be required where a former law was complied with,
unless the equipment was inadequate.
Laws of New Jersey (ch. 260) and Rhode Island (ch. 1351) are
directed to the specific point of the safety of elevators, the former
requiring an interlocking device to be installed to prevent a move
ment of the car until the door or gate is closed and fastened, while
the latter modifies the prescriptions of an earlier law as to this
point, relieving from the installation of automatic gates if there
is an interlocking device preventing movement while the gates are
open. Confined to a single class of establishments is an act of the
Virginia Legislature (ch. 515) which directs the installation of
70404°— Bull. 213— 17------ 2
18
B ULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Wash rooms and toilets for the use of employees in foundries. An
other law of this State (ch. 50) and one of Kentucky (ch. 37) have
for their subject matter the sanitation, etc., of establishments in
which food products are prepared. Both laws require sleeping
places to be separate from the rooms where food is prepared or
stored, call for the installation of separate and sanitary toilets and
wash rooms, and forbid the employment of persons affected by con
tagious or infectious diseases. The Virginia statute is confined to
establishments in which animals are killed for food or parts of
animals are prepared for food for human use, while that of Ken
tucky is of more general application, and contains additional re
quirements as to the supply of cuspidors and the prohibition of
spitting on the floors and walls*
A general law on the subject of safety, though not establishing
standards, was enacted by the Louisiana Legislature (No. 146), pro
viding penalties for a known failure to provide “ proper safeguards
on machinery,” or knowingly permitting defective machinery to
remain in a factory or other place where workmen are employed.
Other laws under this head are one of Massachusetts (ch. 115)
requiring that in mercantile or manufacturing establishments where
the work calls for a “ substantially complete” change of outer
clothing separate lockers with lock and key for the use of employees
shall be furnished; one of Maryland (ch. 207), which amends the
Baltimore City charter so as to abolish the city inspection serv
ice and place the duty of inspection in the hands of the State
board of labor and statistics; and one of South Carolina, which is
a factory regulation, though not perhaps coming under the head
of hygiene or safety; this act (No. 391) adds as an alternative
penalty imprisonment at hard labor, or both fine and imprisonment,
for failure to comply with the law of that State directing that the
races shall be segregated in textile factories. A law of Mississippi
establishing fees for the inspection of factories is amended (ch. 95)
by adding factories canning farm produce to the establishments
excepted from the operation of the act. In Rhode Island (ch. 1379)
the appropriation for inspectors’ expenses is increased over the
previous year by $300.
The industrial commissions or boards of a number of States
issued orders affecting questions of safety and sanitation, in some
cases in establishments employing only women and children, while
in others their application was more general. The Industrial Wel
fare Commission of California established detailed regulations of
sanitary conditions in canneries in which women and children are
employed in the preparation of fruits and vegetables, the provisions
relating to lighting, ventilation, construction, toilet rooms, wash
rooms, etc.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- REVIEW.
19
In New Jersey the department of labor has fixed standards for
guards about dangerous machinery, giving details as to height,
strength, mode of construction, etc., for various classes of condi
tions. Other regulations apply to guards for transmission ma
chinery, inspection, repair, and the wearing of proper clothing by
employees.
The Industrial Board of New York amended its rule No. 2 with
reference to stairways in certain factories, limiting its application
to establishments in which more than 25 persons are employed above
the second floor, omitting the general provision as to manufacturing,
etc., and fixing a schedule for required installations under specified
conditions. A new rule (No. 4) was issued regulating the construc
tion of fire escapes used as means of exit in buildings of five stories
or less, and in buildings from six to nine stories in height, separate
regulations being made for old and new installations. Fire escapes
are not to be accepted as a required means of exit on buildings more
than nine stories in height. Rules 400 to 445 inclusive, relating to
factory elevators and hoistways, were amended in a number of minor
details early in the year 1915, reducing by two the number of rules
on this subject published in Bulletin No. 186, the material being
somewhat differently arranged and new details added.
The Industrial Commission of Ohio adopted regulations for iron
and steel foundries and for brass foundries quite similar to those
adopted by similar bodies in New York and Pennsylvania, and like
them making special provision for core-making rooms in which
women are employed. Sanitation, lighting, provisions for safety,
the supply of water-closets and washing facilities, and the supply
of suitable lifting devices are among the subjects prescribed.
The Industrial Welfare Commission of Oregon laid down pro
visions as to the sanitation of establishments in which women and
minors are employed. The items touched upon are cleanliness,
lighting, ventilation, the provision of toilet and wash rooms, the
supply of drinking water, the use of tables, benches, and chairs, etc.
M IN E R E G U L A T IO N S .
Legislation under this head is small in amount and of slight
effect. In Maryland (ch. 410) the mine inspector provided for
Allegany and Garrett counties is placed directly under the State
board of labor and statistics, other slight changes being made in the
act; while in Virginia (eh. 458) the owner is also charged with the
responsibility, along with the operator or agent, of employing a
mine foreman. Some changes are made in the methods prescribed
for ordering timbers, and miners are forbidden to work in places
known to be dangerous or that might have been known to be dan
20
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
gerous by the exercise of ordinary care; the law declares, however,
that the mere happening of an accident is not in itself to be con
sidered as proof of the lack of such care or of the negligence of the
company.
Orders issued by the Industrial Commission of Ohio supplement
the mine regulations established by the legislature of that State, in
dicating in detail the requirements as to the duties of supervisory
officials and of the various classes of employees. The question of
safety is emphasized, obedience to orders and instructions being
urged “ even in cases of dispute, as safety is the first consideration
and the 6primary motto ’ of this department.”
R A IL R O A D S .
The Mississippi law prescribing the installation of telltales or
warning strings at bridges or other structures over tracks is amended
(ch. 228) by requiring such erections where the bridge or other object
is 22 feet above the top of the rail instead of 23 feet, as formerly,
and where there is not at least 7 feet between the running board of the
cars and the lowest projection of the overhanging object. The
South Carolina statute prescribing the installation of headlights of
a standard power fixed a time limit which was extended by an act
(No. 476) which allowed until February 2, 1917, for the completion
of this change.
EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN.
The laws under this head are numerous and some of them of con
siderable importance,, notably the Federal statute (No. 249) pro
hibiting interstate commerce in products of the labor of children
employed in mines or quarries under the age of 16, or in mills, can
neries, workshops, factories, or manufacturing establishments under
the age of 14 years; also where work is done in excess of 8 hours
per day or for more than 6 days per week, or between the hours of
7 p. m. and 6 a. m. by children between the ages of 14 and 16 years.
The law affects goods produced in establishments where there was
employment of the prohibited nature within a period of 30 days
prior to the removal of the products. The Attorney General of the
United States, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of
Labor are directed to make rules and regulations for the enforce
ment of this law, which is to be in effect one year from the date of
its enactment, i. e., September 1, 1917. The Secretary of Labor and
persons authorized by him may enter and inspect establishments for
the purpose of enforcing this act. Boys’ and girls’ clubs are exempt
from its operation, and dealers are protected by shippers’ guaranties;
also acts in good faith are not punishable.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- REVIEW.
21
The Legislature of South Carolina raised the minimum age for
employment of children in factories, mines, and textile establish
ments from 12 to 14 years (No. 361); while in Maryland (ch. 222)
the 14-year limitation is extended in its scope, leaving only canning
and packing establishments open for the employment of children 12
years of age. The act adds other occupations to the list of those for
bidden to children under 16 years o f age and cuts out the proviso
which authorized the issue of permits for theatrical appearances for
a period of two weeks. An employment ticket must be shown by
children applying for employment certificates, signed by the prospec
tive employer, stating the occupation, industry, and the place of
prospective employment. The law formerly prohibited the employment of girls under 18 in occupations requiring constant standing;
the age limit is now fixed at 16 years. Schedules of hours of em
ployees under 16 must be kept posted in establishments employing
such persons. Boys 10 years of age, instead of merely those “ under
12,” may serve paper routes from 3.30 to 5 p. m. Various minor
amendments are made, the amount of penalties for violations is
reduced, the inspection force is reorganized with increases of salaries,
and a new section is added prescribing an 8-hour day and a 6-day
week, and forbidding nightwork between 7 p. m. and 7 a. m. for
children under 16 years of age.
The law of New York as to the issue of employment certificates
was amended (ch. 465) by modifying somewhat the educational re
quirements, and also the required evidence as to age. The time dur
ing which an application for a physician’s certificate as to age must
be on file where the records of age are lacking is reduced from 90
days to 60 days, and children 14 but not 15 years of age must, in
addition to other evidence, show a certificate of graduation from a
public elementary school or its equivalent, or a certificate of the com
pletion of the elementary course. The Ehode Island statute is
amended (ch. 1378) by requiring that the employer have possession
of the certificates of employed children, these to be returned to the
school committee on the termination of the employment. Children
seeking certificates must have an employment ticket. Three salaried
physicians are provided for in the city of Providence to make exami
nations of children applying for certificates, instead of paying them
on a fee basis.
A Massachusetts statute relating to the employment of children in
street trades raised the age below which permits are required from 14
to 16 years (ch. 242). Children may sell on permit only such articles
as adult peddlers may sell without permits. Persons employing a
minor to peddle without a license where one is required are penalized.
The law of Kentucky is amended (ch. 23) by allowing the employ
22
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
ment of nonresident children under the age of 16 years to act in
theaters if an adult custodian is present during the performance and
accompanies the child to and from the theater. The law of New
York as to prohibited employments is amended (ch. 278) so as to
allow permits to be issued to children under 16 years of age to take
part in the production of motion-picture Sims. The application must
describe accurately the part to be played and all things to be done by
the child. Permits will be granted only on hearing, and may be
revoked at will by the party granting them.
Special provisions are made in the laws of Massachusetts and
New Jersey for the employment of children attending part-time
vocational schools or cooperative courses. The law of Massachusetts
(ch. 95) allows employment in such courses between the ages of 11
and 16 on the securing of an employment certificate, the illiteracy
test being modified; in New Jersey employment of this kind is per
mitted to children above the age of 14, subject to the limitations
as to the 8-hour day and 6-day week (ch. 242). In Massachusetts
also vacation permits may be issued to illiterate children between
the ages of 14 and 16 (ch. 66). Another law of this State (ch. 82)
exempts married women who are illiterate minors from compulsory
attendance on evening schools, as required by a general law.
The compulsory school law of Louisiana (No. 27) affects children
between the ages of 7 and 14 years, and requires 140 days’ attendance,
or the full school term, if of shorter duration, but excepts the chil
dren of needy, widowed mothers. A similar law of Georgia (p. 101)
covers the ages from 8 to 14, requires four months’ attendance, be
ginning with the opening of the school, but exempts, among other
reasons, for the necessity of the child’s labor for the support of a
parent or other dependent member of the family; power to decide
as to necessity is vested in the local board of education.
An act of the Legislature of Maine of 1915 (ch. 350), fixing the
hours of labor of women and children at 54 per week, was suspended
in its operation by a petition for a referendum vote. It was ap
proved at the general election (Sept. 11, 1916), a large majority
favoring it. The legislation in this field for the year 1916 con
sists of amendments, a Louisiana statute (No. 177) striking out the
provision of the act of 1908 allowing extra work for 20 days before
Christmas. The prohibition of nightwork after 7 o’clock for boys
under 16 and girls under 18 is not to apply to persons working on
Saturday nights in stores and mercantile establishments in which
more than 5 persons are employed, this limitation of numbers being
a new provision. The Maryland statute is also strengthened (ch.
147) by striking out the proviso permitting overtime work in sea
sonal employment in Allegany County. Women may work for 12
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- REVIEW.
23
hours in retail mercantile establishments outside of Baltimore City
on Saturday, and on Christmas Eve, and for 5 preceding days, if
two rest intervals of 1 hour each are allowed and the customary
maximum 9-hour day is maintained during the rest of the year.
The Massachusetts law permitting overtime work in seasonal occu
pations is also amended (ch. 222) by placing the power to determine
what are such occupations in the hands of the State board of labor
and industry.
Another act of a restrictive nature is one of Louisiana (No. 220),
forbidding the issue to women of retail licenses to sell intoxicants,
and forbidding any woman or minor to serve intoxicating liquors
or to serve any sort of liquors in a barroom, cabaret, or other place
where intoxicating liquors are sold.
The industrial welfare commissions of California and Oregon
and the Minimum Wage Commission of Massachusetts established
the conditions of employment of women and minors in certain
occupations under the provisions of the laws of those States. In
California the only subject considered is that of employment in
canneries, orders fixing the rates of wages, both time and piece, and
the hours of labor, with provisions for overtime, etc. In Massachu
setts the regulations apply only to wages, decrees being made which
fix the wages of females, both experienced and during apprentice
ship or the period of learning, in the brush industry, for laundry
work, and for employment in retail stores.
The rulings of the Oregon commission are broader in scope, and
apply to minors of either sex under the age of 18 years as well as
adult women. Hours per day and days per week, rest periods, niglitwork and rates of wages are all considered. Somewhat different
provisions are made in certain respects for employment in the city
of Portland and the State at large. Gradations of wages during the
period of learning or apprenticeship are established for various
kinds of occupation. The occupations taken up by these orders are
mercantile, manufacturing, personal service, laundry, office, public
housekeeping, and telephone and telegraph. Besides rules applying
to these specific occupations there are certain general regulations,
and others described as special; these latter, however, are of general
application.
BUREAUS OF LABOR, ETC.
Important changes were made in the State bodies administering •
labor legislation in Maryland and New Jersey. In Maryland (ch.
406), the old bureau of statistics and information, with a single chief
official, was abolished and a State board of labor and statistics
created, with three commissioners at its head—a chairman and two
advisory members. This board takes over the duties and powers of
24
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
the former bureau and is charged with the duty of collecting statis
tics, especially as to wages, the causes of strikes, etc., and those
relating to all industrial activities of the State. It is to maintain
a public employment agency, promote arbitration and conciliation,
and make public matters of general interest likely to attract immi
gration to the State. The last-named duty is taken over from an
earlier bureau of immigration, which was abolished at the same
session of the legislature (ch. 897). The new board is given an
annual sum of $35,000 for its maintenance.
The Department of Labor of New Jersey is reorganized (ch. 40)
with seven bureaus and a commissioner at a salary of $6,000 at its
head. This official is appointed by the governor, while he himself
appoints an assistant commissioner, chief inspectors, inspectors,
and other assistants. His term of office is 5 years. The duties of
the old commissioner and department of labor are taken over, the
bureaus being designated as bureau of inspection, of structural in
spection, of electrical equipment, of hygiene and sanitation, of engi
neers9 and firemen’s licenses, of industrial statistics, and of employ
ment. Each of these bureaus has a chief official, the assistant com
missioner being head of the bureau of inspection, their duties being
such as are generally indicated by the titles of the different divisions
of the department.
A minor change in the law of Kentucky (ch. 95) authorizes the de
partment of agriculture, labor and statistics to publish annually a
handbook of agricultural and industrial opportunities without re
quiring its submission to and approval by the governor as heretofore.
In Massachusetts the State board of labor and industry was directed
by a former law to act in conjunction w^ith the industrial accident
board of the State in passing upon safety devices and means of pre
venting accidents. This law was changed (ch. 308) by transferring
this power to the State board of labor and industry acting alone.
An inspector was added to the staff of the department of commerce
and labor of the State of Georgia (p. 113), his duties being to aid in
enforcing the act of 1914 relative to the employment of children in
factories, and any other laws coming under the jurisdiction of the
department.
SOCIAL INSURANCE.
The widest recognition as yet accorded any branch of the subject
of social insurance in the United States is directed to the provision
of compensation for injuries to workmen. As stated in the introduc
tion, this matter is taken up in separate bulletins, Bulletin No. 203
giving the laws complete as existing at the end of 1916. Closely con
nected with this branch of the subject is a law of Louisiana (No. 270)
LAB OH LEG ISLA TIO N OF 1916---- R E V IE W .
25
making it unlawful for employers to require or accept any payments
from employees by way of deductions from their wages to meet the
costs of the emplo3rers’ insurance against loss on account of payments
for injuries. Another law in this general field is one of Massachu
setts (ch. 12) amending the insurance law of the State so as to waive
the requirement of a personal examination of insured persons where
employees are being insured as a group and an inspection is made
by a competent person.
The mitigation of the after effects of physical injuries is made the
subject of an inquiry to be carried on by the Board of Education of
the State of Massachusetts (Resolves, ch. 75), which is directed to
study what other States and countries have done by way of special
training for injured persons to the end of making them self-support
ing; the board is to give its opinion as to the advisability of under
taking such work, and offer drafts of bills if thought expedient. An
other resolution of the same legislature (ch. 157) authorized the crea
tion of a commission on social insurance, 2 members from the senate,
4 from the house, and 3 to be appointed by the governor. This com
mission is to consider questions of insurance against loss due to sick
ness, unemployment, and old age, and report on the various forms of
insurance, with drafts of bills. Expenses and the cost of clerical as
sistance are allowed, but no provision is made for salaries.
The matter of relief by way of mothers’ pensions was taken up by
the Legislature of Maryland (ch. 670), the act creating a board for
mothers’ relief for Baltimore City, consisting of 3 members, not
more than 2 of whom shall be of the. same sex. Compensation of
the board is by days of service, the terms of appointment being 2, 3
and 4 years at first, and for 4 years thereafter. Relief is to be granted
to mothers of children under 14 years of age who are of approved
character and unable without assistance to maintain a home. The
allowance is $12 per month for the oldest child, $10 for the next, and
$6 for each other child, no single family to receive in excess of $40.
Three investigators are provided for for the city of Baltimore at
salaries of $900 each. The county commissioners of the counties are
to exercise similar powers in the administration of relief in their
respective jurisdictions. Ten thousand dollars is appropriated for
administrative expenses for the city of Baltimore, and $5,000 for the
counties. Relief payments are to be provided by tax levies, the pay
ments being made out of the county and city funds, respectively.
The law of New York on this subject was amended (ch. 504) by
eliminating the commissioner of public charities as an ex officio mem
ber of boards of child welfare in cities, all appointments to be made
by the mayor for terms of nine years, one new member to be appointed
each year. Other changes were of minor importance.
26
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
CONVICT LABOR.
The solution of the question of how to satisfy the humanitarian
and economic demands that convicts should be given suitable em
ployment without at the same time competing undesirably with free
labor continues to receive attention, the apparent answer favored
at the present time being the employment of convicts in road build
ing. Such is the effect of a Kentucky statute (ch. 36) authorizing
the employment of convicts in the building of highways and the
getting and preparation of material therefor; one of Maryland (ch.
211) authorizing boards of county commissioners and the State roads
commission, through the State board of prison control, to use State
convicts for work on public highways, county commissioners being
empowered to use county convicts also, on this kind of work; and
one of Mississippi (ch. 166) authorizing labor on public roads and
levees. This act also authorizes the labor of convicts on private
lands to get firewood and other timber, but only for use on the State
farm. Other acts of the Mississippi Legislature (chs. 575, 576)
authorize the employment of convicts at grading, clearing, and
working at various State institutions when not needed on the State
farm, and a detail of four convicts to care for the grounds about the
governor’s mansion. The Conservation Commission of New York is
authorized (ch. 451) to employ convicts “ for the purpose of pro
ducing or planting trees.”
The Oklahoma Legislature at its extra session of the year passed
three laws on the subject of convict labor, one (ch. 29) authorizing
work on highways by Statef convicts on application from county
commissioners, one (ch. 37) providing a revolving fund for the
establishment of industrial enterprises at the State penitentiary, and
the third (ch. 40) providing for a binder twine plant at the State
prison at McAlester for the manufacture of twine, cordage, and
bagging. The New York law was amended (ch. 533) by making
certain exemptions as to the requirement that State institutions
purchase their supplies from the State prison factories. The Vir
ginia Legislature passed five separate laws on the subject, the first
(ch. 239) being practically a reenactment of an earlier law as to the
employment of convicts in making agricultural lime and road mate
rials from shells and limestone, the second (ch. 297) authorizing a
judge or justice to sentence a prisoner, where a jail sentence is imposable, to the performance of work on the highways for a like
period; the third (ch. 399) merely amends the provision as to the
employment of convicts at and about the public buildings and
grounds of the State at Richmond or elsewhere; the fourth (ch. 482)
repeals section 4172 of the code, which contemplated the use of con
victs in manufactures, the erection of State buildings, work in shops,
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- REVIEW.
27
etc.; while the fifth (ch. 489) directs that short-term convicts (not
over five years), instead of being sentenced to the penitentiary, may
be required to perform work on the highways and other public
works. I f physical or other reasons render such form of employ
ment undesirable, the convict may be placed in the penitentiary or
at work at the State quarries or on the State farm, as the superin
tendent of the penitentiary may determine.
A Georgia statute (p. 52) amends section 1207 of the Penal Code
by apportioning convicts for road work in the counties according
to the road mileage of the county instead of according to its popula
tion, as under the old law.
LAW S OF VARIOUS STATES RELATING TO LABOR ENACTED SINCE
JANUARY 1, 1916.
[Bulletin No. 148 of this bureau contains the laws of the various States and Terri
tories of the United States relating to labor in force Jan. 1, 1914, with the exception
of the compensation acts, which appear in Bulletin No. 126. Later enactments are
reproduced in Bulletin No. 166, which contains the labor legislation of 1914, in Bulletin
No. 185, which contains compensation laws and amendments enacted during the years
1914 and 1915, in Bulletin No. 186, which contains the labor legislation of 1915, in
Bulletin No. 203, which contains all compensation legislation in fol^e at the end of
the year 1916, and in the present bulletin, which contains the labor legislation of
1916, with the exception of the compensation laws. Instead of reproducing the text
of amendments in full in cases where slight changes occur, such changes have in some
instances been indicated in brief notes, these notes being inclosed within brackets.
Orders and rules of industrial or welfare commissions and like bodies, having the force
and effect of laws, are also reproduced. Owing to their volume and technicality, details
of construction, installation, etc., are abridged or omitted. A cumulative index of the
laws printed in Bulletins Nos. 1-18, 166, 1S6, and in the present bulletin is to be found on
pages 155 to 19S.]
C A L IF O R N IA .
O RD ERS OF T H E IN D U S T R IA L W E L F A R E
COMMISSION.
TVagcs and hours o f labor in canneries.
1. No person, firm, or corporation shall employ or suffer or permit any woman or minor to w ork in the fru it and vegetable can
ning industry in any o f the follow in g occupations at piecew ork
rales less than the follow in g :
Occupation.
Cutting.
Cutting.
Cutting.
Cutting.
Cutting.
Variety.
Minimum piece rate.
A p r ic o ts _______ $0. 225 per 100 lbs. (or
Pears___________ $0. 375 per 100 lbs. (or
Cling peaches__$0. 225 per 100 lbs. (o r
Free peaches___$0.125 per 100 lbs. (or
T om a toes______ $0. 03 per 12 quarts.
Occupation.
Canning.
Canning.
Canning.
Canning.
Variety.
Size of can.
A ll varieties o f fru it____ No.
All varieties o f f r u i t ____ No.
Tom atoes________________ No.
Tom atoes________________ No.
2\
10
2$
10
$0. 09 per 40 lbs.)
$0.15 per 40 lbs.)
$0. 09 per 40 lbs.)
$0. 05 per 40 lbs.)
Minimum piece rate.
$0. 015
$0. 036
$0. 01
$0. 024
per
per
per
per
doz.
doz.
doz.
doz.
cans
cans
cans
cans
2. No person, firm, or corporation shall employ or suffer or permit any woman or minor to w ork in the fru it and vegetable can
ning industry in any occupation at time rates less than the fo l
low ing :
Class.
Piece rates,
Time rates,
Minimum
time rate.
Experienced hands____________________ $0.16 per hour
Inexperienced hands__________________$0.13 per hour
Any woman or minor shall be deemed an experienced hand who
has w orked in the snit! industry fo r more than three w eeks; and
every employer in the fru it and vegetable canning industry shall,
when demand is made by any woman or minor employed, fu r
nish such employee with a statement setting forth the period o f
employment o f such employee in his establishment.
29
30
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Hours.
3. No person, firm, or corporation shall employ or suffer or per
mit an adult woman, eighteen years o f age or over, to work in the
fru it and vegetable canning industry for more than ten hours in
any one day, or more than sixty hours in any one week, except in
case o f em ergency: Provided, ho wever, That in no case shall the
hours o f employment o f any woman exceed seventy-two hours in
any one w eek : Provided fu rth er, That the provisions o f this sec
tion shall not apply to those occupations coming under the pro
visions o f the Statutes o f California, 1913, chapter 352, “ An act
lim iting the hours o f labor o f fem ales,” etc.
Overtime.
4. No person, firm, or corporation shall employ or suffer or per
mit an adult woman, eighteen years o f age or over, to w ork in
case o f emergency at a wage less than one and one-fourth times
the foregoing minimum time or piece rates. Em ergency w ork shall
be all w ork perform ed by any woman in excess o f ten hours in any
on§ day, or all w ork perform ed by any womau or minor in excess
o f six calendar days in any one week.
Children.
5. No person, firm, or corporation shall employ or suffer or per
mit any minor child under the age o f eighteen years to w ork in
the fru it and vegetable canning industry for more than eight
hours in any one day or more than forty-eight hours in any one
week.
Records.
6. Every person, firm, or corporation employing women and
minors in the fru it and vegetable canning industry shall keep a
record o f the w ork done and time worked by such women and
minors. Such records shall be kept in a manner and form ap
proved by the industrial w elfare commission.
Order to be
7. Every person, firm, or corporation employing women and
posted.
minors in the fruit and vegetable canning industry shall post a
copy o f this order in a conspicuous place in each room in which
women and minors are employed.
February 14, 1916.
Sanitary conditions in canneries.
1.
No person, firm, or corporation shall employ or suffer or per
mit any woman or minor to w ork in any fru it or vegetable can
ning establishment in which the conditions o f employment are
below the follow in g standards:
Lighting.
( 1 ) Every w orkroom (h ereafter constructed) must be supplied
with adequate natural light during the w orking daylight hours.
Every workroom (now constructed and which is not so equipped
as to furnish adequate natural light during the w orking daylight
hours) must be supplied with sufficient artificial light properly
placed.
Every w orkroom must be supplied during the working hours
when daylight is not available w ith sufficient artificial light
properly placed.
Ventilation.
(2 ) The ventilation o f each w orkroom shall be adequate and
there shall be sufficient provision for preventing excessive humid
ity by the removal o f escaping steam.
Floors.
(3 ) Each workroom shall have an impermeable floor, made o f
cement or tile laid in cement, brick, wood, or other suitable non
absorbent material w hich can be flushed and wTashed clean with
water. Floors must be tight and hard and in good repair, and be
pitched to provide for drainage so that there w ill be no unreason
able depth o f water. All excess o f water or overflow must be
immediately removed. W ooden racks shall be provided wherever
women are obliged to w ork on wet floors, or cement or tile floors,
and such racks shall be not less than three inches in height.
Toilet rooms.
( 4 ) Toilet rooms shall be completely partitioned off from w ork
rooms and the doors must be so located, or protected by screen,
that the water-closet compartment shall not be visible from the
outside.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- CALIFORNIA.
31
(5 ) Toilet rooms shall have adequate natural or artificial light
so that every part o f the room and o f the interior o f each compart
ment shall be easily visible.
(6 ) Toilet room s shall be sufficiently ventilated and the ventila
tion shall be only to the outside o f the building.
(7 ) The floors o f such toilet rooms shall be o f cement, tile laid
in cement, wood, brick, or other nonabsorbent m aterial and shall
be washed and scoured daily and shall be kept in good repair.
(8 ) All walls o f toilet rooms and water-closet conTpartments
unless constructed o f glazed tile, brick, etc., shall be kept covered
with a nonabsorbent light-colored paint, varnish, or other im
pervious compound.
(9 ) Every water-closet shall be in a separate compartment Water-closets.
which must be not less than twenty-eight inches w ide and pro
vided with a door.
(10) Partitions o f water-closet compartments shall be not less
than six feet high and shall extend not nearer the ceiling and floor
than one foot.
(11) The number o f w ater-closets shall be not less than one to
every twenty women employed, or m ajority fraction thereof, based
on the maximum number o f women employed at one time.
(12) Every water-closet shall have a bow l o f vitreous china, or
o f first quality cast iron, porcelain enameled inside and out, or o f
other approved material. Every such bowl shall be provided with
adequate facilities fo r flushing and shall be set entirely free
from inclosing w oodw ork and so installed that the space around
it can be easily cleaned.
(13) The bowls o f water-closets shall be provided with seats o f
w ood or other nonheat-absorbing m aterial and shall be coated
w ith varnish or some other w aterproof substance.
(14) An adequate supply o f toilet paper shall be provided in
every water-closet compartment.
(15) All toilets shall be kept clean and the bowls and seats o f
water-closets shall be scrubbed at least once a day. All toilets,
wash rooms, lavatories and water-closet compartments shall be
kept clean.
(16) Each place o f employment shall be supplied w ith sufficient Water supply.
pure drinking w ater and the faucets shall be placed so that they
are convenient to the employees. Common drinking cups are pro
hibited. Individual cups must be used or sanitary drinking foun
tains must be installed.
(IT ) There shall be wash rooms and lavatories adjacent to Wash rooms.
toilet ro o m s; and all wash rooms and lavatories shall be supplied
with soap, running water, and towels, and shall be maintained in a
clean and sanitary condition. Common towels shall not be used
or permitted and individual or paper towels must be supplied.
(18) The number o f washbowls, sinks, or other appliances shall
be not less than one to every twenty women. Tw enty inches o f
sink with one faucet shall be considered as an equivalent o f one
washbowl.
Spring faucets shall not be used except where w^ashbowls are
provided.
(19) A suitable room shall be provided where women may Locker rooms.
change their clothing. A sufficient number o f lockers shall be
provided.
(20) Every woman and minor shall be entitled to at least one T i m e f o r
hour for noonday m e a l: Provided, how ever, That no woman or meals.
minor shall be permitted to return to w ork in less than one-half
hour.
(21) Seats shall be provided for each and every woman em Seats.
ployed and such women shall be permitted to use the seats at all
times. Seats shall be o f such types as approved by the industrial
w elfare commission.
32
BULLETIN OF THE BTTEEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Carrying.
(22)
No woman shall be required or permitted to carry any
box, box o f fruit, vegetable or refuse, or trays o f cans, or any
heavy burden to or from her place o f w ork in the establishment.
Order to *>e 2. Every person, firm, or corporation employing women and
posted.
minors in the fru it and vegetable canning industry shall post a
copy o f this order in a conspicuous place in each room in which
women and minors are employed.
February 14, 1016.
IN D U S T R IA L AC CID EN T COMMISSION.
General sa fety orders.
Gears.
Belts.
P u lle y s.
Clutches.
O rder 1. ((7) All gears, where exposed to contact, must be en
tirely enclosed, or equipped w ith side flanges extending inward
beyond the root o f the teeth.
(&) All spoke gears and open web gears, w hich are over eighteen
(18) inches in diameter, where exposed to contact, must be en
tirely enclosed. On large gears, such as those on heavy shears
and punches, the guard must be such as to cover them to a height
o f seven (7 ) feet above the floor.
(<?) W here it is clearly im practicable to cover gears, as de
scribed above, a boxed fram e o f metal or w ood must be installed,
completely shutting off the machinery gears.
(d ) All gear guards must be kept in place w hile the machinery
is in operation.
O rder 2. (a ) All belts, ropes, or chains driving machinery or
shafting, and all secondary belts, ropes, or chains where exposed
to contact, must be guarded. In all cases the point where the
belt, rope, or chain runs on to the pulley, sheave, or sprocket, if
w ithin seven (7 ) feet o f the floor or platform , must be guarded.
E xcep tion : Belts which are so small or so slow moving that
they are not in any w ay a source o f danger.
(&) A ll horizontal belts, ropes, or chains driving m achinery or
shafting, seven (7 ) feet or less above the floor or platform , where
exposed to contact, must be guarded. All overhead belts six (6 )
inches or more in width and over seven (7 ) feet from floor or
platform , must be guarded underneath and on sides, unless so
guarded that persons can not pass under them. All chain or rope
drives over seven (7 ) feet from floor or platform must be guarded
in like manner to belts over six (6 ) inches in width. In all cases
the guard should cover the outer faces o f the tw o pulleys or
sheaves and extend upward to such a point, and be attached in
such a way, that in case the belt, chain, or rope breaks, the guard
w ill withstand the whipping force.
(c )
Vertical and inclined belts must be substantially guarded
as fo llo w s :
1. I f the guard must be less than fifteen (15) inches from the
belt, with a complete enclosure o f w ood or metal to a height o f
six (6 ) feet above the floor.
2. I f the guard can be placed w ith at least fifteen (15) inches
clearance from the belt, with a tw o-rail railing at least three and
one-half (3£) feet high.
O rder 3. ( a ) Pulleys must be so placed as to allow the width o f
the belt between two pulleys, or between the pulley and the shaft
hanger or bearing, or a hook must be provided, or a guard placed
adjacent to the pulley to prevent the belt from leaving the pulley.
(&)
All machines must be equipped with a loose pulley or a
clutch or some other adequate means o f stopping the machine
quickly.
(c )
All pulleys or parts o f pulleys w ithin seven (7 ) feet o f the
floor must be guarded, if exposed to contact.
O rder 4. (a ) A ll clutches must be completely guarded where
exposed.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- CALIFORNIA.
33
Belt shifters.
O r d e r 5 . ( a .) A permanent belt shifter must be provided for all
loose pulleys, and must be located w ithin easy reach o f the oper
ator. The construction o f belt shifters must be such as to make
it impossible for the belt to creep back on to the tight pulley. All
belt shifters must be equipped w ith a lock or some other device to
prevent accidental shifting.
Shafting.
O r d e r 6. (a ) All transmission shafting, either horizontal or ver
tical, in workroom s or in passageways leading to workrooms, and
located within seven (7 ) feet o f the floor or platform , must be
guarded.
(b ) Dead en$s o f shafts less than seven (7 ) feet from the floor
or platform , or wherever exposed to contact, must be guarded.
Set screws.
O r d e r 7. (a ) All projecting set screws on m oving parts must be
removed, countersunk, or protected by a solid collar, or a head
less set screw must be used. No part o f the set screw must pro
ject above the surface.
Sprockets.
O r d e r 8 . (a ) All sprockets must be guarded, i f exposed.
Flywheels.
O r d e r 9. (T h is applies to flywheels o f machines and not to fly
wheels o f engines, which must be guarded in accordance with
Safety Orders fo r Stationary Engines.)
All parts o f flywheels w ith spokes, w hich are seven (7 ) feet or
less above the floor, must be guarded as fo llo w s :
(a ) I f guard is at least fifteen (15) inches in the clear from
both sides and face o f wheel, a fence may be used at least three
and one-half (3 i ) feet high, to be either solid or o f substantially
supported w ire mesh or close slats.
(b ) I f guard is less than fifteen (15) inches in the clear from
both sides and face o f wheel, a fence must be provided at least
five (5) feet high, the fencing to be either solid or o f substantially
supported w ire mesh or close slats.
E xcep tion : Flyw heels which are so small, or so slow moving
that they are not in any way a source o f danger.
(c ) All flywheel pits must be surrounded w ith a toe board not
less than six (6 ) inches in h eigh t
O r d e r 10. (a ) W here practicable, grinding wheels must be pro
Grinding
vided w ith a hooded guard o f sufficient strength to withstand the wheels,
shock o f a bursting wheel. This guard must be adjusted close to
the wheel and extend forw ard over the top o f the wheel to a
point at least thirty (30) degrees beyond a vertical line drawn
through the center o f the wheel.
(b ) Arbor ends must be guarded.
(c ) Speed o f wheels must not exceed the speed guaranteed by
the manufacturer.
(d ) W here practicable, grinding wheels must be provided w ith
safety flanges.
[Then follow s a table o f rates o f speed for various diameters.]
O r d e r 11. (a ) All m ovable ladders (except substantial stepLadders.
ladders) must be provided w ith either sharp points at the foot or
wide, rough surface feet, or other elfective means to prevent slip
ping. Ladders for use in oiling overhead shafting, where neces
sary to rest same on the shafting, must be arranged to hook over
the shafting.
Stairways.
O r d e r 12. All stairw ays must be equipped w ith handrails, the
top o f which shall be 30 inches vertically from the nose o f the
tread, as fo llo w s :
(a ) W here the stairway is not built next to a w all or partition,
rails must be placed on both sides.
(b ) I f stairway is closed on both sides, at least one handrail
must be provided.
( c ) I f width is greater than fou r (4 ) feet, rails must be pro
vided on each side.
„
( d ) I f width is eight feet or greater, rails must be provided on
each side and in center o f stairway, except in cases where in the
judgment o f the industrial accident commission a center railing
w ould be impracticable.
70404°—Bull. 213— 17------ 3
u
B U L L E T I N O F T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
(e )
All stairw ays must be properly lighted either by natural o r
artificial light.
P l a t f o r ms
O rder 13. (a ) All elevated w alks, runways, o r platform s, except
and runways. 0n ioa^jng or unloading sides o f platform s, if fou r (4 ) feet or
more from the floor level, must be provided w ith a tw o-rail railing
not less than three and one-half (3^) feet high. I f height exceeds
six (6 ) feet above floor level, a toe board must be provided to
prevent m aterial from rolling or fallin g offi.
\b) W herever permanent elevated platform s are in frequent
use they must be equipped with a permanent stairw ay or sta
tionary ladder.
Swinging
O rder 14, (&) All swinging doors in stairways* and all doors
dows1*S ^ 1n " swinging both w ays in general passageways must be provided
with windows. One w indow .must be provided for each section of
double swinging doors. Both sides o f the doors must be provided
with adequate light, either natural or artificial, during the hours
o f active operation in the department in which said sw inging
doors are located. The w indows must toe kept free from dirt or
other obstruction to the vision.
Passages.
O rder 15. (ft) A ll passageways and gangways must be kept
d e a r and in good repair and free from nails or obstructions over
which persons may stumble and fall.
Key and keyO rder 16. (a ) AH p rojectin g keys in shafting, where “exposed,
seatsmust be cut olf or guarded, and all keyseats in ends o f shafts,
where exposed, must be filled flush or guarded.
E xception : When in the opinion o f the industrial accident com
mission it is impossible to fill or guard the keyseats o f machines
without interfering w ith the operation o f the machine.
Floor openO rder 17. { a ) A ll floor openings must be guarded with a railing
ings*
n o t less than three and one-half (3J) feet high, having a toe board
not less than six (6 ) inches high, and an additional railing mid
w ay between the toe board and top rail, railings to be constructed
in a safe and substantial manner, o f either pipe, metal work, or
wood. One or more sides may be on hinges, or i f hinges are
im practicable, sockets may be used.
(5 ) All chutes or stairw ay openings w hich can n ot be guarded
as required in (a ) must be provided w ith a hinged cover, which,
when open, must be guarded in a safe and substantial manner.
Hoistways.
O rder 18. (a ) Any platform outside o f a building, or any open
ing giving access to a yardarm, used for the purpose o f hoisting
or low ering m aterial by tackle or other means from one level to
another (not including platform elevator) must be guarded ac
cording to standards for floor openings.
Conveyors.
O rder 19. (a ) All conveyors shall, w here exposed, to contact, be
guarded, i f conveyor runs in a trough w ithin three (3 ) feet
above a floor level, or just below a floor level, it shall be either
completely covered w ith a substantial lid, or enclosed by a railing,
and necessary crossings provided and guarded.
Engine S afety Orders.
Guards.
Governors.
O rder 100. { a ) All stationary steam engines, gas engines, air
compressors, electric generators and pumps must have all gears,
belts, pulleys, clutches, shafts, keys and keyseats, collars, set
screws, and sprockets guarded according to the orders as set
forth in general safety orders issued by this commission. (P ort
able engines and pumps, such as logging engines, portable hoist
ing engines and engines and pumps used in construction w ork
are not classed as stationary engines.)
O rder 101. ( a ) Each engine must be equipped w ith an effective
governor which w ill at all times autom atically control the speed
o f the engine under varied loads, except where the loatl itself acts
as an effective governor. All belt, rope or chain-driven governors
must be equipped with a safety device which w ill stop the en
gine in ca-se the belt, rope, or chain should break.
(6 ) P rojecting rotating parts o f all engine governors shall be
provided w ith substantial guards.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- CALIFORNIA.
35
Order 102. {a ) Valve gears must b e so arranged, or other proValve gears,
visions made, that in the event o f the load being removed, the
engine will stop if the governor fails to act. (A broken governor
belt stop w ill be considered sufficient fo r slide o r four-valve en
gines. )
Order 108. (a) All parts of engine room not accessible from R u n w a y is,
the floor and requiring attention must be provided with adequate etc.
runways, rough tread platforms, or rough tread stairways.
(&) W here stairways are not practicable, fixed ladders must
be installed, the rounds o f which shall be not less than six (0)
inches in clear from w all or column. (T h e use o f metal ladders
is strongly advocated.)
(c )
The protection o f platform s and runw ays shall be in ac
cordance with order 13 o f the general safety orders.
Order 104. (a) No repairs must be made on any vertical or Making r e horizontal engine, compressor or pump until the engine has been Pairsseeurely blocked, or other provisions made to prevent revolving
or reciprocating parts from turning over accidentally.
O rder 105. (a ) W herever floors, stairways, or platform s in
Slippery
engine rooms become slippery they shall be equipped w ith rough floors> etc.
surface plates or treads.
O rder 106. (a ) In engine rooms all floor openings must be Floor openprotected by a substantial covering or be guarded in accordance ings*
with order 17 o f the general safety orders. (T h e use o f rough
tread metal plates is advocated for floor opening covers.)
O rder 107. Flyw heels on stationary steam engines, gas engines, Flywheels,
air compressors, electric generators, and pumps must be guarded
as follow s:
(a ) I f guard is at least fifteen (15) inches and not more
than eighteen (18) inches in the clear from each side and face
o f the wheel, a fence may be used at least three and one-half
(3 i) feet high, consisting o f tw o rails, the bottom rail o f which
must be at a point’ eighteen (18) inches from the floor, and no
rails shall be spaced a greater distance than tw enty-four (24)
inches between centers.
(&) I f guard is less than fifteen (15 ) inches in the clear
from each side, and each face o f the wheel, a substantially sup
ported w ire mesh or close slat guard with openings not greater
than tw o (2 ) inches in any direction, must be provided at least
to the top o f the wheel, i f the wheel does not extend over five
(5) feet in height, and in no case shall this guard be less than
three and one-half (3£) feet high. I f the top o f the wheel is
more than five (5 ) feet in height, the guard must be at least
five (5 ) feet high.
(c ) A ll flywheel pits must be surrounded with toe boards not
less than six (6 ) inches high.
( d ) In case the above method o f protection is not desired,
flywheels must be housed completely w ith substantially sup
ported w ire mesh, close slats or solid material.
(e ) W here it is necessary to move flywheels fo r starting,
guards may be removed temporarily, but must be replaced imme
diately after such operation is complete.
( / ) A ll rope-drive wheels and pulleys from main engine to
jftck-shaft must be covered with a substantial housing to prevent
lashing o f broken rope.
(g ) Every engine transm itting power by means o f a rope drive
must be equipped w ith a telltale w hich w ill give ample warning
©f the stranding o f the ropes.
O rder 108. (a ) All cranks and connecting rods o f center crank
side cranks,
engines and o f high-speed side-crank engines shall be equipped
with a complete and substantial .metal housing which may be
provided w ith doors where necessary.
(b ) All slow-speed side-crank engines shall be provided with a
guard at least fifteen (1‘5) inches in the clear from the crank pin,
and at least three and one-half ( 3 i ) feet high.
36
B U L L E T IN
E xits.
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
O r d e r 109. ( a ) T w o e x i t s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h e n g i n e
r o o m , s a id e x i t s to r e a d ily o p e n f r o m th e in s id e w ith o u t th e u s e o f
a key.
( b ) In engine rooms below ground level, at least one exit
must be isolated from the engine room by a fireproof enclosure,
the entrance o f which must be provided w ith a door at floor
level.
( c ) All engine rooms shall be properly ventilated to prevent
the accum ulation o f noxious vapors, odors, and fumes.
Drainage.
O r d e r 110. (a ) A ll trenches, tunnels, and. pits in engine rooms
and leading therefrom shall have proper drainage and ventilation
and be kept in a sanitary condition.
(b ) All sumps and sewage tanks in engine rooms shall be
tightly covered and ventilated to the outside atmosphere, using a
vent not less than four (4 ) inches in diameter, and so located
as not to endanger the safety o f anyone in the vicinity.
O r d e r 111. (a ) A ll traps, drains, and trap discharges from en
Discharges.
gines shall be piped to a line, blow-off tank or other safe place o f
discharge.
(b )
The discharge o f all engine exhaust pipes must be located
so as not to endanger the safety o f anyone in the vicinity.
Laundry sa fety orders.
O r d e r 200. (a ) All extractors must be equipped with metal
guards which must entirely cover the opening to the outer shell.
The guard must always be kept in position when the extractor
is in motion.
Fiat-work
O rder 201. {a ) All flat-work ironers must be equipped with
ironers.
guards in front o f the feed rolls to prevent the hands o f operators
from being drawn into the rolls. W hen the so-called doffer roll is
used and it is propelled by other power than the ribbon or apron
feed, a guard must be placed in front o f this roll.
( b)
An extension o f the stopping device o f all flat-work ironers
must be installed across the front o f the machine so that it may
be readily operated from the customary feeding position by any
feeding operator.
Bosom starchO rder 202. {a ) A ll bosom starchers and bosom and combination
ers and iron- ironers must be equipped with guards placed near enough to the
ers*
rolls and the ironing board to prevent the hands o f the operator
from being drawn under the rolls.
The belts must be so arranged that when operator removes his
or her foot from controller the board w ill move tow ard operator.
Collar a n d
O rder 203. (a ) A ll collar and cuff ironers must be equipped
cuff ironers.
w ith guards in front o f the first rolls to prevent the hands o f the
operator from being drawn into the rolls.
Brakes.
O rder 204. (a ) A ll washing machines and tumblers must be
equipped with brakes or other devices to prevent the inner cylin
ders from moving during the loading and unloading process.
Gears, etc.
O r d e r 205. (a ) All gears, belts, pulleys and sprockets, and
shafting connected w ith laundry m achinery shall be guarded in
accordance w ith General Safety Orders issued by the Industrial
Accident Commission o f the State o f California.
Water supO rder 206. (a ) All boilers, heaters, or appliances not made for
P*y*
high pressure, but used for heating water for laundry purposes,
must take their supply from an open supply tank.
The vertical height, measured from the bottom o f the boiler or
said appliance to the top o f the supply tank, shall not exceed fifty
(50) feet.
(b ) The minimum size o f supply pipes from supply tank to
boiler or said appliance shall be one inch ( I " ) (c ) There shall be no valves or stopcocks between the supply
tank and the boiler or said appliance.
(d ) There shall be no source o f supply to the boiler or said
appliance other than from the supply tank.
Extractors.
LABOR LEGISLATION OE 1916— CALIFORNIA.
37
E levator sa fety orders»
[Orders 300-336 relate to the inspection, installation, and equip
ment o f elevators (including dumb-waiters and sidewalk eleva
tors) and escalators. Inspections are required every three months
for passenger elevators, every six months for other power eleva
tors, and annually for elevators operated by hand. Construction
and operation are regulated in detail, w ith special ^reference to
control and the use o f safety gates and doors.]
. "
W indow cleaning safety orders.
O rder 400. (a ) In every building hereafter erected, having win- Safety device
dows with sills twelve (12) feet or more above the grade and so required,
constructed that it is usual and practicable for a person to stand
on the outside sill or ledge in order to clean said windows, there
shall be provided a safety device to be approved by the industrial
accident commission.
( b ) W here windows are so constructed and it is usual and prac
ticable to clean same from the inside, employers shall not allow
any alterations, changes, or obstructions which w ill make it neces
sary to clean said w indows from the outside, unless said windows
be constructed to make section {a ) applicable, or a special safety
device, approved by the industrial accident commission, be in
stalled.
(c ) Em ployers shall not allow any alterations, changes, or ob
structions to windows erected in conform ity w ith section ( a) ,
wiiich w ill in any way interfere w ith the safety devices which are
thereon provided.
O rder 401. ( a) W here safety belts are used, rings, bolts, and Rings, etc.
all fittings for holding same shall be o f bronze, brass, or other
equivalent durable metal and shall be securely fastened as fo l
lows.
[Then follow s details o f installation.]
Order 402. (a ) In all cases where safety devices are provided Devices to be
in conform ity w ith ordejr 400 ( a) , persons cleaning w indows must useduse said device.
Order 403. ( a) The practice o f window cleaners passing from
passing bew indow to w indow on the outside is prohibited, except where a t we e n wi nrailing or handhold is provided or where the w indow ledge is less dowsthan twelve (12) feet above the grade and at least tw enty-four
(24) inches wide.
O r d e r 404. ( a ) W hen it is necessary to wTash or clean reversible
Re v e r s i b l e
and pivot windows, either o f which is prevented from properly windows,
operating by obstructions or by the design o f said windows, they
shall be provided w ith safety appliances o f approved design.
( b ) All movable ladders, except substantial stepladders, shall be Ladder feet,
provided with rough surface feet or other suitable means to pre
vent slipping.
(c ) A man shall be placed at the foot o f all ladders while they
Watcher,
are being used for w indow cleaning, excepting ladders less than
fifteen (15) feet in length and ladders o f the w indow cleaners
type less than eighteen (18) feet in length, whose sides are o f one
piece and spaced at least tw enty-four (24) inches apart at the
base and meeting at the top o f said ladders.
($ ) No ladders shall be used above grade on the outside o f Ladders to be
buildings except where they are securely fastened so as to prevent fastened,
their slipping or falling.
W oodw orking sa fety orders.
O rder 600. ( a ) All circular saws must be guarded by hooded
circular rip
guards and must be provided w ith spreaders or splitters an d/or saws,
dogs, which shall be located at the rear o f the saws. Guards
must also be provided to prevent contact w ith that part o f the
saw which is underneath the table.
38
B U L L E T T H OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
E xcep tion : W here special w ork is being done, which w ill pre
vent the use o f a guard an d /or splitter or dogs, such guard a n d/or
splitter or dogs may be omitted, but in cases where such special
w ork is tem porarily carried on, a guard a n d /or splitter or dogs
must be provided and put in place during all operations other
than that involved in special work.
Crosscut
Okdke 601. ( a ) All crosscut saws o f the swinging type must be
saws.
guarded. K nuckle guards must be attached to the sw ing frame.
(b ) All swing cut-off saws must be provided with a device
w hich w ill return the saw to the back o f the table and prevent a
rebound.
(c ) Means shall be provided on swing cut-off saws to prevent
the counterweight throwing the saw forw ard into the travel.
(d ) The rear side o f crosscut sw ing saws must be guarded.
{■ej A ll circular crosscut saws must be guarded by hoods
where the saws are held on fixed horizontal bearings.
Band saws.
O rdes 602. (a ) Guards must be installed to cover both upper
and low er wheels o f all band saws.
The up-travel o f all band saws must be completely guarded, and
the down-travel must be guarded w ith a shield extending dow n to
the guide rolls.
Wood joint- O kder 60S. (a ) A ll w ood jointers must be equipped with cylinersdrical cutter heads o f the safety type.
(b )
A suitable autom atically adjusted guard must be placed
over the whole cutting space in the table.
Sanding ma- O r d e r 604. <a ) D isc sanders must have the circum ference and
climes.
back o f the revolving head thoroughly guarded.
(&) Beit sanders must have both pulleys enclosed.
Mortising
O rder 605. (a ) Thumb guards must be provided on all mortismac mes.
ing machines to prevent the hands o f the operator from com ing in
contact w ith the chisel, except on mortising machines o f such
type that it is not required to use a clamp w hich would bring the
hands o f the operator into close proxim ity to the cutting edge.
Shapers.
O rder 606. (a ) All knife heads o f w ood shapers and similar
heads o f other machines, not autom atically fed, must be guarded,
o r form s must be used in which the part operated on is securely
fastened.
E xcep tion : W here special w ork is being done which w ill pre
vent the use o f a guard, said guard may be omitted, hut in cases
where such special w ork is tem porarily carried oil, a guard must
be provided to put in place during all operations other than that
involving special work.
( b)
All knife heads o f w oodw orking machines which are auto
m atically fed, such as stickers, planers, etc., when exposed to con
tact, must be guarded.
Tenoning
O rder 607. <a) Cutting heads and saws o f tenoning machines
machines.
must be guarded.
Lighting.
O rder 608. {a ) Ample light, either natural or artificial, must
be provided around w oodw orking machinery.
Gears, etc.
Order 609. (a) All gears, belts, pulleys and sprockets and
shafting connected with woodworking machinery shall be guarded
in accordance with the general safety orders issued by the indus
trial accident commission.
Multiple unit O rder 610. (®) W here practicable, not more than ten machines
llve'
shall be driven in one unit. W here a greater number than ten
machines are driven from one line shaft, a clutch, tight and
loose pulley shifter, switch, idler or other mechanical means
shall be provided in that room or department which w ill imme
diately stop all machinery in that group.
E lectric utilization sa fety orders.
{O rders 700-771 relate to the equipment and installation in
volved in the use o f electricity for illumination, communication,
and power. Besides general requirements that all such equip
ment “ shall be o f such construction, and so installed and main
tained as to reduce the life hazard as fa r as is reasonably pos-
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- CALIFORNIA.
&ibley” details o f methods and materials to be used are set out
m detail, spacing, position, installation, guarding, inspection, and
other items being provided for, fo r the various classes o f devices
and apparatus.]
B oiler sa fety orders.
[Orders 800-821 relate to the inspection and equipment o f
steam boilers except those under Federal inspection, those used
exclusively fo r agricultural purposes, those o f 12 ihorsepower or
less, on which the pressure does not exceed 15 pounds to the
square toefo, and boilers on automobiles and road motor vehicles.
Annual inspections are required, with provisions for preparation
o f boilers, marking, and equipment. An elaborate code o f speci
fications is included by reference, this being the boiler code,
edition o f 1914, o f the Am erican Society o f M echanical Engineers,
with certain changes and additions,]
A ir pressure tank sa fety orders.
[Orders 900-911 relate to the construction and inspection (b i
ennial) o f air pressure tanks, the rules applying to such tanks
where the pressure exceeds 25 pounds to the square inch, witfet
the exception o f tanks under Federal inspection and those used
exclusively for agricultural purposes. They are chiefly technical,
relating to construction and equipment.]
Trench construction sa fety orders.
Scope
and
O rder 1000. (a ) These orders shall apply to all excavation o f
definitions.
trenches*
(fr) Trench means any excavation, other than railroad or high
w ay cuts, in which the greatest depth is equal to o r greater
than the width.
(c ) Sheeting means all planking or metal, or both, used to
support the sides o f trenches.
(d ) Sheet-piling means all planking or metal, or both, used to
exclude running material.
( e ) Shoring and bracing means the supporting elements of
sheeting and sheet-piling.
( / ) Stringers are the horizontal, longitudinal components o f
shoring and bracing.
Timbers.
O rder 1001. (a ) A ll m aterials used for sheeting and sheetpiling shall be in good condition, and all .timbers used shall be
sound, straight, free from cracks, shakes, and large or loose knots
and o f the required dimensions throughout.
O rder 1002. (a ) W here running material is encountered, the Use of sheetsides o f all trenches fou r (4 ) feet or more in depth shall be se piling.
cured by the use o f sheet-piling and suitable braces, as defined
in these orders.
(&) W here trench is between fou r (4 ) feet and seven (7 ) feet
in depth, wooden sheet-piling shall be not less than tw o ( 2 )
inches in thickness. W here trench is over seven (7 ) feet in
depth wooden sheet-piling shall be not less than three (3 ) inches
in thickness.
Shoring and
O rder 1003. (a ) The sides o f all trenches in hard, compact
material which are five (5 ) feet or more in depth and over bracing.
eight ( 8 ) feet in length shall be securely held by shoring and
bracing. I f the unit tunnel method is used, the length o f earth
left in place between the separate unit trenches shall be not less
than one-half the depth o f the trench, and shall be considered as
taking the place o f shoring and bracing.
(5 )
All trenches o f over eight ( 8 ) feet in length and five (5 )
feet or more in depth in hard, compact material shall be braced at
intervals not exceeding eight ( 8 ) feet with two ( 2 ) inch by six
( 6 ) inch planks, or heavier material, placed vertically in the
40
B U L L E T IN
OF. T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
trench opposite each other against the walls. These braces shall,
if possible, extend to the bottom o f the tren ch ; otherwise as low
as possible to clear the top o f pipe, sewer, conduit, or other mate
rial to be placed in the bottom o f the trench.
(c ) The braces in trenches shall be supported by screw ja'cks or
by timbers placed normal to both braces, cleated and rigidly
screwed or wedged. The timbers shall be not less than those
given in the follow ing ta b le :
W idth of trench.
Size of timbers.
1 ft.- 3 ft. in cl___________________________4 x 4 inches.
3 f t .- 6 ft. incl___________________________4 x 6 inches.
6 ft.-S ft. incl___________________________ 6 x 6 inches.
S a tu ra te d ,
etc., ground.
E x ca v a te d
m a teria l.
Ladders.
( d ) The number o f horizontal strut braces, either screw jack s
or timbers, required for each pair o f vertical braces shall be de
termined by the number o f zones o f four (4 ) feet each into w hich
the depth o f trench may be divided. One horizontal brace shall
be required for each o f these zones. Trenches, the depth o f w hich
can not be divided equally into these standard zones, shall have
an extra horizontal brace supplied for the short remaining zone if
such zone is greater in length than one-half o f fou r (4 ) foot unit.
In no case, however, shall horizontal braces be spaced greater
than five (5 ) feet center to center.
(e ) The bracing and shoring o f trenches must be carried along
w ith the excavation, and must in no case be omitted except that
wrhere a mechanical digger is used the shoring shall be placed to
wTithin ten ( 1 0 ) feet o f the low er end o f the boom.
( / ) Stringers shall be not less in strength than tw o (2 ) by six
( 6 ) inch clear timber.
O rder 1004. (a ) Trenches in saturated, filled, or unstable mate-,
rial (not running m aterial) shall be sheeted to an extent adequate
to hold the material in place. The supporting elements o f this
sheeting shall be in accordance with the requirements for shoring
imd bracing as given in these orders.
O r d e r 1005. (a ) Excavated material shall not be placed nearer
than one ( 1 ) foot to the edge o f the trench.
O rder 1006. (a ) All trenches five (5 ) feet or more in depth
shall be supplied with at least one ladder for each 200 feet in
length or fraction thereof, which ladder shall extend from the
bottom o f the trench to at least tw o (2 ) feet above the top. Lad
ders shall be constructed with two sides o f at least one and onehalf (1£) inch by three (3 ) inch timber or its •equivalent in
strength, and the rungs shall be placed one ( 1 ) foot on centers
and securely fastened to the sides.
GEORGIA.
ACTS OF 1916.
Em ploym ent o f children— School attendance.
(Page 101.)
S ectio n 1. Every parent, guardian, or other person having At t e n d a n c e
charge and control o f ' a child between the ages o f eight and required,
fourteen years, who is not exempted or excused as hereinafter
provided, shall cause the said child to be enrolled in and to
attend continuously for fou r months o f each year a public school
o f the district or o f the city or town in which the child resides;
which period o f attendance shall commence at the beginning o f
the first term o f said school in the year. Such attendance at a
public school shall not be required where the child attends for
the same period some other school giving instruction in the ordi
nary branches o f an English education, or has completed the
fourth grade o f school w ork as prescribed by the State board o f
education, or where, because o f poverty, the services o f the child
are necessary for the support o f a parent or other member o f the D e p e n d e n t
child’s fam ily dependent on such services, * * * or where, for parents, etc.
other good reason (the sufficiency o f which shall be determined
by the board o f education o f the county or city or town in which
the child resides), the said board excuses the child from such
attendance, such boards being authorized to take into considera
tion the seasons for agricultural labor and the need for such
labor, in exercising their discretion as to the time for which
children in farm ing districts shall be excused. * * *
Approved August 19, 1916.
Factory, etc., regulations— In spector.
(Tage 113.)
S ection 1. The commissioner of commerce and labor shall have
Appointment
the power and authority to appoint one factory inspector to aid in au ollze •
the enforcement and observance of the new child-labor law, and
such other laws as are now or may hereafter come under the
jurisdiction of the department of commerce and labor.
Sec . 2. Said inspector shall work under the direction and super- Duties,
vision of the commissioner of commerce and labor, and shall make
a written report of each inspection of factories, manufacturing
establishments, workshops, and mercantile establishments to said
commissioner, to be of [on] file in the department of commerce
and labor, and shall collect such information and statistics as the
commissioner may direct and under the direction and supervision
of the commissioner may institute proceedings against any person,
firm or corporation found violating any of jthe laws with the
enforcement of which said department is charged.
Sec. 3. The inspector shall receive a salary of $1,200 per annum, Salary, etc.
payable in the manner prescribed for other statehouse officials,
and shall further receive out of the contingent fund of the depart
ment of commerce and labor his necessary traveling expenses
while on the road making inspections and collecting information
and statistics for the department, said expense vouchers to be
approved by the commissioner of commerce and labor.
Approved August 19, 1916.
41
KENTUCKY.
ACTS OF 1916*
C h a p t e r 13.— P rotection o f em ployees as voters.
S e c t i o n 2. It shall be unlaw ful for any corporation, person,
Coercion o f
company, or individual to coerce, or direct, any employee to vote Misdemeanor a
for any party, or person who may be a candidate for any office,
in this State, or for any person who may be a candidate for a
nomination for any office, or to threaten to discharge such em
ployee if he votes for any candidate; or i f such employee is dis
charged on account o f his exercise o f suffrage, or to give out,
or circulate any statement or report that such employees are
expected, or have been requested or directed by such corporation,
person, individual or company, or by any one acting for such,
or any such, to vote for any person, group o f persons, or measure,
and any person, corporation or company, violating this section,
shall be deemed guilty o f a misdemeanor, and upon conviction Penalty,
shall be fined in any sum not to exceed and not less than $ 1,000
nor more than $5,000 or imprisonment in the county ja il not to
exceed six months or both.
Approved March 13, 1916.
19.— F ire marshal— F actory, etc., regulations.
C hapter
S ection 29. The State fire marshal, in conjunction with or Duties of fire
through other public officers upon whom any such duties a r e marshalimposed, if any, shall enforce all law s and ordinances o f the
Commonwealth and the several counties, cities and other political
subdivisions thereof relating t o :
(a ) The prevention o f fires, and the inspection o f property
periodically or otherwise,, or any other regulations or methods
adopted for the prevention o f or reduction o f loss by fire, or to
promote the safety o f persons in case o f fire.
(b ) The manufacture, storage, sale and use of combustibles
and explosives.
(c ) The installation and maintenance o f autom atic or other
fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing equipment.
(d ) Fire escapes and other means o f exit from or access to
buildings or parts o f buildings or other property, in case o f fire.
( e ) The investigation o f the cause, origin and circumstances
o f fire and the detection and suppression o f arson.
Sec. 30. The State fire marshal, in conjunction with or through
other public officers upon whom such duties are imposed, if any,
shall have power, and it shall be his d u ty:
Powers,
(# ) T o supervise and make or cause to be made periodically a
thorough inspection o f all property w ithin the cities and towns
having fire departments, and so fa r as practicable all other
property within this Commonwealth.
(b )
T o call to his aid individuals, or committees o f commercial,
industrial, labor, civic or public organizations or bodies, fo r
form ulating regulations to require that all buildings, structures
and other premises be constructed, made and kept safe from loss
or damage or loss o f life or injury to persons by fir e ; to make and
put in force such regu lation s; and to en force the same as provided
by law.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
43
44
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
S e c . 37. In addition to the powers and duties o f other deputy
fire marshals, the chief o f the fire department is required, in
person or by officers or members o f his fire department designated
by him for that pui’pose, to inspect all buildings, premises and
public thoroughfares, except the interiors o f private dwellings, for
the purpose o f ascertaining and causing to be corrected any
conditions liable to cause fire, or any violation o f any law or
ordinance relating to the fire hazard or to the prevention o f fires.
Such inspection shall be subject to the supervision and direction
o f the State fire marshal and shall be made at least once in six
months in all o f the territory served by such fire department, and
not less than once in three months within the fire lim its or the
congested district subject to conflagration as the common council
shall have designated or shall thereafter designate and oftener as
the chief o f the fire department may order.
Orders.
* * * W henever any o f said officers shall find a building or
other structure which, for wrant o f repairs, lack o f sufficient fire
escapes, or by reason o f age, dilapidated conditions, or from any
other cause, is especially liable to fire, and which is so situated
as to endanger other property, and whenever such officer shall
find in any building combustible or explosive matter or inflam
mable conditions dangerous to the safety o f such building, he or
they shall order the same to be remedied, and such order shall
forthw ith be complied with by the owner or occupant o f such
premises or buildings. I f such order is made by any deputy,
such owner or occupant may, within five days, appeal to the State
fire marshal, w*ho shall, w ithin ten days, reviewr such order and
file his decision thereon, and unless by his authority the order is
revoked or modified, it shall remain in fu ll force and be complied
with within the time fixed in said order. I f any person fails
to comply with the order o f any officer under this section, or w ith
the order as modified on appeal herein provided and w ithin the
E n force m e n t time fixed, then such officer is hereby empowered and authorized
of orders.
to cause such buildings or premises to be repaired, torn down,
demolished, materials removed and all dangerous conditions
remedied as the case may be, at the expense o f such person, and
if such person w ithin thirty days thereafter fail, neglect, or
refuse to pay said officer the expense incurred thereby by him,
such officer and those employed to do the work shall have a prior
lien on the real estate on which said building was located for
said expense. The State fire marshal or any deputy may at all
reasonable hours enter any buildings, structures or premises
w ithin his jurisdiction, to. make any inspection, investigation or
examination which is authorized to be made under this section :
Provided,, That this shall not apply to the interior o f private
dwellings, except when a fire has occurred or when such officer
shall have reason to believe that dangerous conditions exist in
such dwelling. No person shall obstruct, hinder or delay any
such officer in the perform ance o f such duty.
Duty of owng EC. 38 . E very owner or other person having charge o f or coners>
trol over any building, structure or other premises in this section
[act] designated “ owner,” shall construct, keep and make such
building, structure or other premises in this section [act] desig
nated “ building,” safe from loss or damage to property or loss
o f life, or injury to persons by fire, in this section [act] desig
nated “ fire loss.”
Same.Sec. 39. No such owner shall require, permit or suffer the
public or any employee to go or be in any such place which is
not safe, and no such owner shall fail to furnish, provide and use
reasonably adequate protection and safeguards against fire, or
fa il to adopt and use processes and methods reasonably adequate
to render such places safe, and no such owner or other person
shall fail or neglect to do every other thing reasonably necessary
to prevent a fire loss in such building so under his charge or
control.
Inspection.
LABOR LEG ISLA TIO N OF 1916---- K E N T U C K Y .
45
Sec. 40. The State fire marshal is vested with the power and Jurisdiction
jurisdiction over, and shall have such supervision of, every such over U1 m8 *
building in this Commonwealth as may be necessary to enforce
all laws, ordinances and all lawful orders requiring any such
place to be safe, and requiring protection from such fire loss.
41. The State fire marshal shall have pow er and au th ority : orders, etc.,
(a ) T o appoint advisers and to prom ote and secure the ap- as to safety,
pointment and service o f committees o f commercial, industrial,
labor, civic and other organizations, who shall, without com
pensation, assist the State -fire marshal in establishing standards
o f safety, and the State fire marshal may adopt and incorporate
in his general orders such safety recom mendations as he may
receive from such advisers and committees.
(b ) To establish and maintain museums and exhibits o f safety
and fire prevention, in which shall be exhibited equipment, safe
guards and other means and methods for protection against fire
loss, and to publish and distribute bulletins on any phase o f this
general subject.
(c ) T o cause lectures to be delivered, illustrated by stereopticon or other views, diagrams or pictures, for the inform ation
o f such owners or other persons, and the general public, in re
gard to the causes and prevention o f fires and related subjects.
S ec . 42. The State fire marshal shall have the power, after a
orders as to
hearing had upon his own motion or upon complaint, by general equipment, etc.
or special orders or oth erw ise:
(a ) To declare and prescribe w hat protection, safeguards or
other means or methods w ill be best adapted to render any
such building safe as required by law, ordinances or la wfuP orders.
(b ) To fix such reasonable standards, and prescribe, m odify
and enforce such reasonable orders for the adoption, installation
and maintenance o f equipment, safeguards and other means or
methods o f protection as nearly uniform as possible, as shall be
necessary to carry out all laws, ordinances and law ful orders
relative to the prevention o f such fire loss.
(c ) To fix and order such reasonable standards for the con
struction and maintenance o f such buildings as shall render them
safe from such fire loss.
(d ) To require the perform ance o f any other act necessary
for the prevention o f such fire loss.
S ec . 43. Upon the fixing o f a time and place for holding a
Hearings,
hearing for the purpose o f considering and issuing a general
safety order or orders as authorized by section 42, the State fire
marshal shall cause a notice o f such hearing to be published in
two or more daily newspapers o f general circulation published
and circulated in this Commonwealth, such newspapers to be
designated by him for that purpose. No defect or inaccuracy
in such notice or in the publication thereof shall invalidate any
general order issued by the State fire marshal after hearing had.
S ec . 44. W henever the State fire marshal, after a hearing had
Orders as to
upon his own motion or upon complaint, shall find that any build- chan£esing is not safe or that the practices or means or methods o f op
eration or processes employed or used in connection therewith are
unsafe, or do not afford adequate protection against such fire loss,
in any such place, the State fire marshal shall make and serve
such order relative thereto as may be necessary to render such
place safe from such fire loss, and may in said order direct that
such additions, repairs, improvements or changes be made and
such equipment and safeguards be furnished, provided and used,
as are reasonably required to render such place safe, in the man
ner and within the time specified in said order. The said fire
marshal may fix the time within which any general or special
order shall take effect or shall be complied with by any person
affected th ereby ; and may on his own motion or upon application
o f any owner or any other person affected thereby, grant such time
as may reasonably be necessary for compliance with such order.
Every such owner and every other person shall obey and comSec.
46
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
ply with each and every requirement o f every general or special
order made by the State fire marshal under this section, and shall
do everything necessary and proper to secure com pliance with and
observance o f every such general or special order.
Local author- gEC. 4 5 , Nothing contained in this act shall be construed to de1 ies’
prive the authorities o f any county, city or any other municipality,
o f any pow er or jurisdiction over or relative to any such b u ild in g :
Provided, That, whenever the State fire marshal shall, by order,
fix a standard o f safety from fire loss, such order shall establish
a minimum requirement concerning the* matters covered by such
order and shall be construed in connection w ith any local order
relative to the same matter. A copy o f every such order shall be
filed by the State fire marshal in each county, city or other mu
nicipality w ith the officer or board having jurisdiction over such
matters.
Orders to be
S ec . 46. The State fire marshal shall enter all orders, general
recorded.
or
a permanent record. E very order, general or special,
o f the State fire marshal made and entered under this section
shall be admissible as evidence in any prosecution fo r the viola
tion o f any o f its provisions. Unless proceedings fo r a rehearing
upon such order or a review thereof shall have been instituted
and be pending, and it shall not then have been finally determined,
the provisions o f such order shall be presumed to be reasonable
and law ful and to fix a reasonable and proper standard and re
quirement o f safety from such fire loss.
' Violations.
Sec. 47. Any owner, occupant or other person having control
over or charge o f any building, structure or other premises and
any other person required to do or perform any act herein re
quired, or any other law relating to the State fire marshal, who
shall violate any provision o f such laws or any part thereof, or
w ho shall fail or refuse to comply w ith any such provision or
any part thereof, or who shall violate or fa il or refuse to com ply
with any law ful ord er made Under such laws, or w^ho, directly
or indirectly, knowingly induced another so to do, shall be pun
ished by a fine o f not less than ten dollars nor more than five
hundred dollars or by imprisonment in the county ja il for not
more than thirty days or by both such fine and imprisonment.
In any prosecution under this subsection it shall be deemed prima
facie evidence o f a violation that the accused has failed or refused
to comply w ith any order, rule, regulation or requirement o f the
State fire marshal relative to the safety o f any building, struc
ture or premises, and the burden o f p roof shall thereupon rest
upon the accused to show that he has complied with such order,
rule, regulation o r requirement. E very violation o f the provisions
contained in sections 39, 40 and 45 or any part or portion thereof
by any person or corporation is a separate and distinct offense
and, in the case o f a continuing violation thereof, each day’s con
tinuance thereof shall constitute a separate and distinct offense.
Approved March 15, 1916.
C h a p te r
Scope of law.
21
.— Paym ent o f w ages— Semimonthly pay day.
S ection 1. E very corporation fo r pecuniary profit engaged in
any enterprise or business within the State o f K entucky shall, as
often as semimonthly, pay to every employee engaged in its busi
ness all wages or salary earned by such employee to a day not
more than eighteen (18) days prior to the date o f such payment.
Absent e m - And any employee who is absent at the time fixed fo r payment, or
ployees.
who, for any other reason, *is not paid at that time, shall be paid
thereafter at any time upon six days’ demand, and any employee
leaving his or her employment or is discharged therefrom shall
be paid in fu ll follow ing his or her dismissal or voluntary leaving
his or her employment at any time upon three days’ demand. No
Waivers.
corporation coming within the m ea n in g 'of this act shall, by spe
cial contract with its employees or by any other means, secure
exem ption from the provisions o f this a c t And each any [and]
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916— KENTU CKY.
every employee o f a corporation com ing within the meaning o f
this act shall have his or her right o f action against any such
corporation for the fu ll amount o f his or her wages due on each
regular pay day as herein provided in any court o f competent
ju risdiction in this State.
Sec. 2. Any corporation coming within the meaning o f this act
violating the provisions o f section one ( 1 ) o f this act shall be
deemed guilty o f a misdemeanor and fined in a sum not less than
twenty-five dollars ($25) nor more than one hundred dollars
($ 1 00 ) for each separate offense, and each and every failure or
refusal to pay each employee the amount o f wages due him or
her at the time, or under the conditions required in section one
( 1 ) o f this act shall constitute a separate offense.
Approved March 15, 1916.
47
Violations,
C h a p t e r 23.— Employm ent o f women, and children.
{This act amends section 331-A 1, o f chapter 72, Acts o f 1914,
by adding thereto the fo llo w in g :]
Provided, however, *That nothing in this act shall prevent a Em ploym ent
child under sixteen years o f age from being employed to perform theaters^ 11 iU
or from perform ing In a duly licensed theater if such child is not
an inhabitant or resident o f the Commonwealth o f Kentucky and
at the time o f such perform ance is accompanied by or in the
custody, care or control o f a parent, guardian, governess, teacher
or some other adult custodian who remains in the wings or behind
the curtains or scenery in such theater during the perform ance o f
such child and accompanies such child to and from the theater to
the child’s place o f abode while perform ing at such theater.
C h apter
37,—F a c to ry ; etc., regulations— M anufacture
products.
of
food
S ection 1. Every building, room, basement, inclosure or S a n ita tio n ,
premises, occupied, used or maintained as a bakery, confectionery,
cannery, packing house, slaughterhouse, creamery, cheese factory,
restaurant, hotel, grocery, meat market, or as a factory, shop,
warehouse, any public place or m anufacturing establishment used
fo r the preparation, manufacture, packing, storage, sale or dis
tribution o f any food as defined by statute, which is intended fo r
sale, shall be properly and adequately lighted, drained, plumbed,
and ventilated, and shall be conducted with strict regard to the
influence o f such conditions upon the health o f the operatives,
employees, clerks, or other persons therein employed, and the
purity and wholesomeness o f the food therein produced, prepared,
manufactured, packed, stored, sold or distributed.
S ec . 2. The floors, side walls, ceilings, furniture, receptacles,
Cleanliness,
implements and machinery on every such establishment or place
where such food intended for sale Is produced, prepared, manu
factured, packed, stored, sold o r distributed, and all cars, trucks,
and vehicles used in the transportation o f such food products,
shall at no time be kept or permitted to remaiii in an unclean, un
healthy or insanitary con d ition ; and for the purpose o f this act,
unclean, unhealthful and insanitary conditions shall be deemed to
exist if * * * the clothing o f operatives, employees, clerks or
other persons therein employed, is unclean.
S ec . 8 . The side walls and ceilings o f every bakery, confecConstruction
tionery, creamery, cheese factory and hotel or restaurant kitchen of roomsshall be so constructed that they can easily be kept clean ; and
every building, room, basement or inclosure occupied or used for
the preparation, manufacture, packing, storage, sale or distribu
tion o f food shall have an impermeable floor made o f cement or
tile laid in cement, brick, w ood or other suitable material which
can be flushed and washed clean with water.
48
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
s EC. 5 . Every such building, room, basement, inclosure, or
premises occupied, used, or maintained fo r the production, prep
aration, manufacture, canning, packing, storage, sale or distribu
tion o f such food shall have adequate and convenient toilet rooms,
lavatory or lavatories. The toilet room shall be ' separate arid
apart from the room or rooms where the process o f production,
preparation, manufacture, packing, storing, canning, selling and
distributing is'* conducted. The floors o f such toilet room s shall
be o f cement, tile, wood, brick or other nonabsorbent material,
and shall be washed and scoured daily. Such toilet or toilets
shall be furnished w ith separate ventilating flues and pipes dis
charging into soil pipes or shall be on the outside o f and w ell
removed from the building. Lavatories and wash rooms shall be
adjacent to toilet rooms, or when the toilet is outside o f the
building, the wash room shall be near the exit to the toilet and
shall be supplied w ith soap, running w^ater and towels and shall
be maintained in a sanitary condition.
Cuspidors.
g EC# 7 . Every person, firm, or corporation operating or main
taining an establishment or place where food is produced, pre
pared, manufactured, packed, stored, sold or distributed shall
provide the necessary cuspidors fo r the use o f the operatives, em
ployees, clerks and other persons, and each cuspidor shall be
thoroughly emptied and washed out daily with water or a dis
infectant solution, and five ounces thereof shall be left in each
cuspidor while it is in use. W hoever fails to observe the pro
visions o f this section shall be guilty o f a misdemeanor, and pun
ished as hereinafter provided.
ExpectoraSec. 8 . No operative, employee, or other persons shall expectotlGnrate on the food, or on the utensils, or on the floors or side walls
o f any building, room, basement or cellar where the production,
preparation, m anufacture, packing, storing or sale o f any such
food is conducted. Operatives, employees, clerks, and all other
TV a s h i n g p e r s o n s who handle the material from which such food is pre
hands.
pared or the finished product, before beginning work, or after visit
ing toilet or toilets, shall wash their hands thoroughly in clean
water. W hoever fails to observe or violates the provisions o f this
section shall be guilty o f a misdemeanor and punished by a fine o f
not more than twenty-five dollars*
Sleeping i n
g Ec. 9. It shall be unlaw ful for any person to sleep, or to allow
workrooms.
or perm (t any person to sleep in any w orkroom o f a bakeshop,
kitchen, dining room, confectionery, creamery, cheese factory, or
any place where food is prepared for sale, served or sold, unless
all foods therein handled are at all times in herm etically sealed
packages.
pioyees
em
Sec^
unlaw ful for any employer to require,
suffer or permit any person who is affected with any contagious
or venereal disease to work, or for any person so affected to work,
in a building, room, basement, inclosure, premises or vehicle oc
cupied or used for the production, preparation, manufacture, pack
ing, storage, sale, distribution or transportation o f food.
Enforcement.
S ec . 11. It shall be the duty o f the officials in charge o f
the enforcement o f th e pure food laws o f the State, and o f the
State board o f health, and the county and city health officers,
and the duly appointed agents o f all such, to enforce the pro
visions o f this act, and for that purpose such officers shall have
fu ll power at all times to enter every such building, room, base
ment, inclosure, or premises occupied or used or suspected o f
being occupied or used for the production, preparation or manu
facture for sale, or the storage, sale, distribution or transporta
tion o f such food, to inspect the premises and all utensils, fixtures,
furniture and machinery used as a foresa id ; and if upon inspection
Violations.
any such food producing or distributing establishment, convey
ance, or any employer, employee, clerk, driver or other person
is found to be violating any o f the provisions o f this act, or if
the production, preparation, manufacture, packing, storage, sale,
distribution or transportation o f such food is being conducted
Toilet rooms,
*
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- KENTUCKY.
in a manner detrimental to the health o f the employees and
operatives, or to the character or quality o f the food therein
being produced, manufactured, packed, stored, sold, distributed
or conveyed, the officer or inspector making the inspection or
exam ination shall report such conditions and violations to the
ch ief pure food official, or to the, State board o f health, or to
the chief county or city health officer, as the case may be, and
such officer or officers shall thereupon issue a written order to
the person, firm or corporation responsible for the violation o f
condition aforesaid to abate such condition or violation or to make
such changes or improvements as may be necessary to abate
them, with [in] such reasonable time as may be required in which
to abate them. * * *
Approved March 23, 1916.
C h a p t e r 95.— Department of Agriculture, Labor and Statistics —
Reports.
S ection 1. Section thirty-six o f chapter four, K entucky Stat
utes, C arroll’s Edition, nineteen hundred and fifteen is hereby
amended and made to read as fo llo w s :
Sec. 36. He shall before the assembling o f each regular session Biennial reo f the general assembly compile a report giving a general review ports,
o f the agricultural, horticultural, mineral and industrial re
sources o f the State w ith brief notices o f each county, the char
acter o f labor generally employed in mines, factories and the
cultivation o f the soil and the price paid therefor and such other
inform ation as he is required to g a th er; he shall have a sufficient
number not exceeding five thousand printed for the use o f the
general assembly ar.d for general distribution. H e shrill annu- Annual stateally prepare a condensed statement o f the condition and capacity ments.
o f the State as regards its agricultural, horticultural and mineral
resources[,] its m anufacturing and domestic arts, average price
o f land and labor in the different sections, its traveling, export
ing and educational facilities, a brief review o f its climate, its
geographical position and general topography and other suitable
subjects designed to induce im migration to this State which
statement in the form o f a report the commissioner may cause to
be printed in a cheap pamphlet form.
(Neither approved nor disapproved by the governor.)
70404°— Bull. 213— 17-------4
L O U IS IA N A ,
ACTS OF 1916.
A ct
No. 27.— Em ploym ent o f children— Com pulsory school
attendance.
S e ction 1. From and after September the first, 1916, every
parent, guardian, or other person residing within the State
o f Louisiana, having control or charge o f any child or children
between the ages o f seven and fourteen years, both inclusive, shall
send such child or children to a public or private day school under
such penalty fo r noncompliance herewith as is hereinafter pro
vided.
S ec . 2. The minimum session o f attendance required under this
act shall be one hundred forty days, or for the fu ll session o f the
public schools where the publie-school session is one hundred
forty days or less, and children shall be required to enter school
not later than tw o weeks after the opening o f the session or term.
Sec. 3. The follow ing classes o f children between the ages o f
seven and fourteen years shall be exempted from the provisions
o f this act, the parish school board to be the sole judge in all
such c a s e s ; ( a ) children mentally or physically incapacitated to
perform school du ties; (b ) children who have completed the
elementary course o f stu d y; (c ) children living more than two
and one-half miles from a school o f suitable grade and for whom
free transportation is not furnished by the school b oa rd ; (d )
children fo r whom adequate school facilities have not been pro
v id e d ; (e ) children whose services are needed to support widowed
mothers.
Approved June 23, 1916.
Scope of law.
Term,
Exemptions,
A ct No. 102.— A ssignm ents o f wages— W age brokers.
S ection 1. No person, firm or corporation shall engage in the License r e business o f making advances or loans o f money on assignments o f quired.
salaries or wages, or on salaries or wages without assignments
or orders, without first having obtained a license to do such
business in the manner hereinafter provided.
Sec. 2. There is hereby levied an annual license tax by the Tax.
State o f Louisiana for the conduct o f such business which shall be
graded according to the actual capital in use in said business as
fo llo w s :
F irst class— W here the capital in use is more than $25,000 the
license shall be $500.
Second class— W here the capital in use is less than $25,000 the
license shall be $250.
Provided, That if any person, firm or corporation carrying on Two or more
the business designated in section 1 , shall conduct m ore than o n e officesoffice or place o f business whether in the same or under different
names, such person, firm or corporation shall pay a separate
license for each and every office or place o f business it shall con
duct according to the hereinabove specifications.
S ec . 3. The police jury, commission council, city council, or L
l lim
other governing body o f any parish, city, town or village, shall be eenses.
empowered to levy an additional license which shall be graded
according to the capital in use as specified in section 2 o f this act.
51
52
BULLETIN OF THE BUKEATJ OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Reports.
Sec. 5. W henever the State shall issue a license to do business
as herein provided, the officer issuing such license shall report to
the State commissioner o f labor and industrial static Jcs, the name
and address o f the person, firm or corporation to which such
license is issued, and it shall be the duty o f said commissioner
w ithin thirty days o f the issuance o f such license to require a re
port from the licensee under oath, on blanks to be furnished at
the expense o f the State, containing the name o f the person, firm
or corporation engaged in said business, the location o f the place
o f business, and the amount o f capital in use in said business at
the date o f making such report, and all other funds used in loan
able capital in said business and obtained other than through
capital contribution.
Interest.
Sec. 6 . The borrow er shall not be permitted to pay, nor the
lender to charge, whether in the form o f interest, commissions,
discounts, or fees o f whatsoever sort, a total o f m ore than eight
een per cent per annum for the actual length o f time the money
is used.
Sec. 7. Any person, firm or corporation engaged in the business
Records*
mentioned in section 1 o f this act, shall keep a full, true and
correct record o f all loans and advance[s] made by him or it,
which record shall show the names and addresses o f the person,
firm or corporation to whom such loans are made, the rate o f
interest and the terms o f such loans or ad va n ces; and shall also
keep a true and correct record o f all sums repaid to him or it on
account o f such loan or loans as principal, or interest thereon, or
as commissions or as a fee or fees o f any and every sort connected
therewith.
S ec. 3. No assignment o f or order for wages to be earned in the
Employer to
accept.
future, shall be valid in favor o f the person, firm or corporation
engaged in business as provided for in this act, against the em
ployer o f the person making such assignment or order, until such
assignment or order is accepted in w riting by said employer.
Wife to sign.
Sec. 9. N o assignment o f or order fo r wages or salaries to be
earned in the future shall be valid when made by m arried men,
unless the written consent o f his w ife to the making o f such
assignment or order is attached th ereto: Provided, That where
a married man is living separate and apart from his w ife for a
period o f five months prior to such assignment or the giving o f
such order, then such consent shall not be required.
Violations.
Sec. 10. Any person, firm or corporation who shall violate any
of the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and
upon conviction thereof, shall be fined in a sum of not less than
$250 nor more than $500.
Forfeitures.
S ec. 11. Any person, firm or corporation who shall be convicted
o f a violation o f the provisions o f this act shall have his or its
license to do business under the provisions o f this act, summarily
revoked, and all loans made or entered into in contravention o f the
provisions o f this act shall be canceled and declared void and
o f no force and effect.
Approved July 5, 1916.
A c t No. 108.— Payment of xoages— Semimonthly pay day.
Section 1. A ct No. 25 o f the acts o f the General Assembly o f
Louisiana for the year 1914 [shall] be amended and reenacted so
as to read as fo llo w s :
[The amendment to section 1 consists in inserting the words
“ oil companies and mining companies ” after the w ord “ associa
tion,” in the first lin e ; also inserting the w ords “ or engaged in
boring fo r oil and in mining operations ” before the words “ em
ploying as many as ten men.”
[Section 2 is amended by striking out the maximum lim itation
o f the term o f imprisonment (sixty days) imposable fo r a viola
tion o f the act.]
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- LOUISIANA.
53
Act N o. 146. — F a ctory, etc., regulations— S afety appliances.
Section 1. Any corporation, company, concern or other em- jD,uty of em_‘
ployer or any officer of any corporation, company, concern o r p oyers*
other employer who shall kowingly fail to provide proper safe
guards on machinery or who shall knowingly permit any defective
machinery to remain in any factory or other place where work- (
ingmen are employed shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall '
be punished by a fine as provided in section two.
Sec. 2. Any violator of this act shall be punished by a fine not
exceeding five hundred dollars ($500) and not less than ten dol
lars ($ 1 0 ).
Approved July 5, 1916.
Act No. 177. — Em ploym ent o f women and children.
Section 2. Sections four and five o f act 301 o f 1908 [shall] be
amended and reenacted so as to read as fo llo w s :
Sec. 4. No child or person tinder the age o f 18 years, and n o ** o u r s o f
w oman shall be employed in any o f the places and industries a or*
enumerated in section 1 o f this act fo r a longer period than ten
hours per day o f [or] 60 hours per week. There shall be one
hour allowed each day for dinner, but such dinner time shall not
be included as part o f the working hours o f the day. In case twothirds o f the employees so desire, time for dinner may be reduced T i m e f 0 r
at their request to not less than thirty m inu tes: Provided, That meals,
this shall not apply to persons w orking in stores or mercantile
establishments on Saturday nights, in which more than five per
sons are employed. Any violation o f this provision shall be pun
ishable by a fine o f not less than $25 or more than $50, or by im
prisonment in the parish ja il (parish prison in New O rleans), fo r
not less than ten days or m ore than six months, or both, in the dis
cretion o f the court.
Sec. 5. No boy under the age o f 16 years, and no girl under Nightwork.
the age o f 18 years, shall be employed at any w ork before the
hour o f 6 in the morning, or after the hour o f 7 at n igh t: P ro
vided, That this shall not apply to persons w orking in stores or
mercantile establishments on Saturday nights, in w hich more
than five persons are employed. Any violation o f this provision
shall be punishable by a fine of not less than $25 nor more,
than $100 , or by imprisonment in the parish ja il (parish prison
in New Orleans) for not less than ten days nor more than six
months, or both, in the discretion o f the court.
Approved July 6 , 1916.
A ct N o. 188.— Coercion o f em ployees— Company stores.
S e c t io n 1. It shall hereafter be unlaw ful for any person, indi- Coercion forvidual, firm or corporation acting either for themselves, or as bidden,
agents or otherwise to coerce or require any o f their employees
to deal with or purchase any article o f food, clothing or merchan
dise o f any kind whatsoever from any individual, person, firm
or corporation.
Sec. 2. It shall be unlaw ful for any individual, person, firm Same,
or corporation or employer o f labor to exclude from work or to
punish or blacklist any o f said employees for failure to deal with
another or to purchase any article o f food, clothing or merchan- /
dise whatsoever from another or at any place w hatsoever: P rovided, h ow ever, That this act shall not apply to the sale and
purchase o f uniforms.
Sec. 3. Any violation of this act shall be a misdemeanor and Penalty,
punishable by a fine of not less than $50 or more than $100, or
imprisonment for at least 30 days or not more than 90 days, or
both, at the discretion of the court.
Approved July 6, 1916.
54
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Act No. 220-— Em ployment of women mid m-mors in barrooms.
S e c t i o n 1. Section 5 o f A ct No. 176 o f 1908, approved July 3,
1908, [shall] be amended and reenacted, so as to read as follow s:
Licensing feSec. 5. H ereafter no license as a retail liquor dealer, or as a
males*
retail malt and vinous liquor dealer, shall be issued to any
w om a n ; and no person, firm or corporation conducting a bar
room, cabaret, coffee house, ca£&, beer saloon, liquor exchange,
drinking saloon, grogshop, beerhouse, beer garden, or other places
where spirituous, vinous or malt liquors or intoxicating beverBmpioymentages are sold in this State, shall employ any woman or girl, or
forbidden.
minor, to serve any intoxicating or nonintoxicating liquors or
permit any woman, girl or minor to serve intoxicating or non
intoxicating liquors in any barroom, cabaret, coffee house, cafe,
beer saloon, liquor exchange, drinking saloon, grogshop, beer
house or beer garden or other place, where spirituous, vinous or
malt liquors or intoxicating beverages are sold.
Penalty.
Sec. 2. Any person violating any of the provisions of this act,
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction
thereof, shall be sentenced to pay a fine in a sum not less than
$50 nor more than $500 or be imprisoned in the parish jail or
parish prison for not more than two ( 2 ) years, or by both such
fine and imprisonment.
Approved July 6 , 1916.
A c t No. 270.— Em ployers1 liability insurance— Deductions from
tvages fo r premiums.
Deduc t i ng
bidden mS
Penalty.
"
S ection 1. It shall be unlaw ful fo r any person, firm or corpora-
or *lis (>r its agent or representative, directly or indirectly, to
deduct from the wages or other compensation o f any employee
o f such person, firm or corporation, any contribution to pay, or
tow ard the payment of, any premium or other charge o f em
ployer’s liability insurance, or to demand, request or accept o f
any employee such contribution or payment for such purposes;
or to demand or request o f any employee that he or she make
any payment or contribution fo r such purpose to any other
person, firm or corporation.
Sec. 2. Any person, firm or corporation violating any provision
of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction
shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five hundred ($500)
dollars, or by imprisonment in the parish prison or jail not ex
ceeding a year, or by both such fine and imprisonment, at the
discretion o f the court.
Approved July 6 , 1916.
M ARYLANB.
ACTS OF 1916.
C h a p t e r 147.— Em ploym ent o f womenv-—H ours o f labor.
Section 1. Section 14 o f * * * an act to amend article 100
o f the Code o f Public General Laws * * * is hereby repealed
and reenacted, so as to read as fo llo w s :
Sec. 14. No female shall be employed or permitted to w ork in Ten-hour day.
any m anufacturing, mechanical, mercantile, printing, baking or
laundering establishment more than ten hours in any one day,
nor more than sixty hours in any one week, nor more than eight
hours in any one day, if any part o f her w ork is done before six Nightwork.
o ’clock in the morning or after ten o ’clock in the evening o f the
said day, nor shall any fem ale be employed or permitted to w ork
fo r more than six hours continuously at any one time in any o f
the aforesaid establishments in which three or more such persons
are employed, without an interval of, at least, a h alf hour, except
that such female may be so employed fo r not more than six and a T i m e f o r
h alf hours continuously at one time, if she shall not be permitted mealsto w ork during the remainder o f the day in her said em ploym ent:
Provided, fu rth er, That the invalidity o f any portion o f this act,
shall in no way affect the validity o f any other portion thereof,
which can be given effect, without such invalid part. But the r
provisions o f this section shall not apply to females employed
anneries.
in the canning or preserving, or preparing for canning or preserv
ing o f perishable fru it and vegetables: And provided fu rth er,
That in any retail m ercantile establishm ents'located outside o f ou^fdeil Baitithe city o f Baltim ore a fem ale may be permitted to w ork o n ^ o j^
Saturdays and on Christmas Eve and the five w^orking-days next
preceding Christmas Eve not more than twelve hours, if dur
ing each o f such Saturdays and Christmas Eve a n d 'fiv e days
aforesaid the fem ale so employed shall have at least tw o rest
intervals o f not less than one hour each, and this provision shall
only apply to such mercantile establishments as have during the
remainder o f the calendar year a working-day o f not more than
nine hours.
Approved April 4, 1916.
Chapter 222.— Em ploym ent o f children— General provisions..
S e c t i o n 1. Section 4, etc.
* * * o f article 100 o f the Code
o f Public General Law s o f M aryland, * * * are hereby re
pealed and reenacted with amendments so as to read as follow s:
Sec. 4. No child under fourteen years o f age shall be employed,
permitted or suffered to w ork in, about, or in connection with any
mill, factory, workshop, mechanical establishment, tenement
house, m anufactory or workshop, office building, restaurant,
bakery, barber shop, hotel, apartment house, bootblack stand or
establishment, public stable, garage, laundry, or as a driver or in
any brick or lumberyard, or in the construction or repair o f build
ings, or as a messenger for telegraph, telephone or messenger
companies, or in any mercantile establishment, store, office, board
ing house, place o f amusement, club or in the distribution, trans
mission or sale o f merchandise.
Age limit,
55
56
BULLETIN OP TIIE BUBEAU OF LABOK STATISTICS.
Canne r i e s
ctc.
Sec. 5. No child under twelve years of age shall be employed,
permitted, or suffered to work in, about or in connection with any
canning or packing establishment.
Children tin
See. 7. No child under the age of sixteen years shall be em
der 16 years.
ployed, permitted, or suffered to work at any of the following
occupations, or in any of the following positions: Adjusting any
belt to any machinery; sewing or lacing machine belts in any
workshop or factory; oiling, wiping or cleaning machinery or
assisting therein; operating or assisting in operating any of the
following machines: Circular or band saw, crosscut saws, slashers,
or other cutting machines; wood shapers, wood jointers, planers,
sandpaper or wood-polishing machinery, wood turning or boring
machinery, picker machines or machines used in picking wool,
cotton, hair or any other material, carding machines, paper-lace
machines, leather-burnishing machines, job or cylinder printing
presses operated by power other than foot power, boring or drill
presses, stamping machines used in sheet metal and tinware or
in paper and leather manufacturing or in washer or nut factories,
metal or paper cutting machines, corner-staying machines in
paper-box factories, corrugating rolls, such as are used in corru
gated paper, roofing or washboard factories, steam boilers, dough
brakes or cracker machinery of any description, wire or iron
straightening or drawing machinery, rolling-mill machinery, power
punches or shears, washing, grinding, or mixing machinery, cal
ender rolls in paper or rubber manufacturing, laundering ma
chinery ; or in proximity to any hazardous or unguarded belts,
machinery or gearing; or on any machine or machinery operated
by power other than foot or hand power; or upon any railroad,
whether steam or electric or hydraulic; or upon any vessel or
boat engaged in navigation or commerce.
Same.
Sec. 8. No child under the age of sixteen years shall be em
ployed, permitted, or suffered to work in any capacity in, about
or in connection with any processes in which dangerous or poison
ous acids are used; nor in the manufacture or packing of paints;
colors, white or red lead; nor in soldering; nor in occupations
causing dust in injurious quantities; nor in the manufacture or
use of dangerous or poisonous dyes; nor in the manufacture or
preparation of compositions with dangerous or poisonous gases;
nor in the manufacture or use of compositions of lye in which the
quantity thereof is injurious to health; nor in scaffolding, nor in
heavy wosk in the building trades; nor in any tunnel or exca
vation ; nor in, about or in connection with any mine, coal
breaker, coke oven or quarry; nor in any factory or establishment
where tobacco or tobacco products are prepared, manufactured,
assorted or packed; nor in operating any automobile, motor car
or truck; nor in a pool or billiard room, theater, or moving-picture
establishment; nor in any other occupation dangerous to the life
and limb, or injurious to the health or morals of such child; nor
shall any child under the age of sixteen years be employed, per
mitted or suffered to appear upon the stage of any theater or con*
cert hall in connection with any professional theatrical perform
ance, exhibition or show.
Sec. 9. No child under sixteen years of age shall be employed,
Certificates.
permitted or suffered to work in, about or in connection with any
establishment or occupation named in sections 4 and 5 unless the
person, firm or corporation employing such child procures and
keeps on file, and accessible to any attendance officer, inspector of
factories, or other authorized inspector or officer charged with the
enforcement of this act, the employment certificate as hereinafter
provided, issued to said child; and unless such employment, per
mission or sufferance to work in, about or in connection with
said establishments or occupations shall be in accordance with the
terms and regulations laid down for said employment certificates
as hereinafter provided.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916— MARYLAND.
57
Sec. 11. On termination of the employment of a child under
°*
sixteen years of age, the employment certificate issued to suchcertlflcates*
child shall be returned by registered mail by the employer to
the official issuing the same within twenty-four hours if said
return is demanded by said child and otherwise within fifteen
days of the termination of said employment, and the official to
whom said certificate is so returned shall file and preserve the
same until .another certificate is issued to said child or until
said child reaches the age of sixteen years, and on the return
of said certificate shall notify the chief of the bureau of statistics
and information of said return. Any child whose employment Reissue,
certificate has been returned as above provided shall be entitled
to a new certificate without reexamination except a physician’s
certificate that the child is physically able to undertake the work
for which the new certificate is to be issued, and such reissue
of a certificate shall be subject to all conditions as to recording
and reporting governing the original issue.
Sec. 12. An employment certificate shall be issued in Baltimore Who to issue
City only by the chief of the Maryland Bureau of Statistics and certificates.
Information, and in the counties by said chief or by the county
superintendent of schools of the county in which said child resides,
or by some person designated in writing by said superintendent.
The employment certificate shall be issued only upon application
in person of the parent, guardian, or legal custodian of the
child desiring such employment, or if said child have no parent,
guardian or legal custodian, then by next friend, but no certificate
shall be issued by any person for any child then in, or about
to enter such person’s own employment, or the employment of a
firm or corporation of which said person is a member, officer or
employee. Employment certificates shall be of two classes: Gen
eral employment certificates and vacation employment certificates.
General employment certificates shall entitle the child to work
during the entire year; vacation employment certificates shall
entitle the child to work during the entire year excepting during
such time as said child is required to attend public or private
school under the provisions of the laws now in force,, or here
after to be enacted.
Sec. 13 (as amended by chapter 701, Acts of 1916). The person Evidence,
authorized to issue a general employment certificate shall not
issue such certificate until he has received, examined, approved
and made a record of the following papers, duly executed, v iz:
(1) The school record of such child properly filled out and
signed, as provided in this act, which school record shall be fur
nished without charge to any child applying therefor by the super
intendent or teacher in charge of the school or schools attended
by said child.
(2) A certificate signed by a physician appointed by the officer P hy s i c i a n’ s
authorized to issue such permit stating that such child has been certificate,
examined by him, and, in his opinion, has reached the normal
physical development of a child of its age and is in sufficiently
sound health and physically able to be employed in the occupa
tion or process for which a permit is applied for.
(3) Evidence of age showing that the child is fourteen years
old or upward, which shall consist of one of the following proofs
of age and shall be required in the order herein designated as
follows:
(а ) A duly attested transcript of the birth certificate filed ac
cording to law with a register of vital statistics, or other officer
charged with the duty of recording births, which certificate shall
be prima facie evidence of the age of such child.
(б) A passport or a duly attested transcript of a certificate of
baptism showing the date of birth and place of baptism of such
child.
( c ) In case none of the proofs required by subdivisions (a ) or if proofs are
(&) of this section can be produced, the officer issuing said permit lacking,
may issue a temporary permit allowing said child to work for ten
58
B U L L E T IN
of
th e
bureau
of
la bo b
s t a t is t ic s .
days, and shall accept as full proof of age the sworn affidavit of
the child’s parent, guardian, legal custodian, or next friend, such
affidavit containing the name of said child, alleged age, place and
date of birth and present residence and any other matter thiu:
may assist in determining the age of the child, and the further
affidavit that the evidence of age required by subdivisions (a)
or ( b ) of this section can not be produced by the applicant; and if,
upon investigation by the officer no facts appear contradicting
any of the material statements of such application,* the officer
may after 10 days issue a regular permit for such child: P ro
vided, That the officer issuing permits shall not accept the fore
going affidavit unless said affidavit be accompanied by the written
certificate of the physician appointed by the officer authorized* to
issue such permits, certifying that he has made a physical ex
amination and inspection of said child and verily believes said
child to be of the full age of fourteen years, and whenever prac
tical all information required by subdivision (c) and paragraph
(2) of this section shall be embraced in one certificate.
The officer issuing the certificate shall require the evidence of
age specified in subdivision (a ) in preference to that specified in
subdivisions (b ) or (c), and the evidence of age specified in sub
division (b ) in preference to that specified in subdivision (c),
and shall not accept the evidence of age permitted by subdivision
( c ) unless he shall receive and file in addition thereto or as part
thereof an affidavit of the parent, guardian, legal custodian or
next friend showing that no evidence of age specified in any pre
ceding subdivision or subdivision[s] of this section can be pro
duced by the applicant.
Em ploym ent
( 4 ) An employment ticket signed by the prospective employer,
ticket.
stating the occupation, industry, and place in which such child is
to be employed.
Personal apSec. 14. No employment certificate shall be issued until the
pearance.
child in question has personally appeared before and been ex
amined by the officer issuing the certificate, nor until such officer,
after making such examination, has signed and filed in his office a
statement that the child can read intelligently and write legibly
simple sentences in the English language.
Vacation emSec. 15. The person authorized to issue a vacation employment
pioyment.
certificate shall not issue such certificate until the child in ques
tion has personally appeared before said person authorized to
issue said certificates, and until said person so authorized has
received and approved the following papers duly executed, v iz :
(1) Evidence of age, showing that said child is twelve years or
upwards, which evidence of age, shall consist of A, B or C, as set
forth in section 13 above, or in lieu of said evidence A, B or C, in
case they can not be presented, a statement from a regular phy
sician designated by said person authorized to issue said certifi
cate, certifying that he has examined said child and that in his
opinion said child is of the age of twelve years or upward, to
gether with the affidavit of the parent, guardian, legal custodian
or next friend of such child, that such child is above the age of
twelve years.
(2) A statement from a regular physician designated as above,
certifying that he has examined said child, and that in his opinion
said child is physically able to undertake the work for which said
certificate is to be issued.
Forms, etc.
^ec\ 16. All employment certificates shall be issued on forms
supplied by the bureau of statistics and information. All certifi
cates issued in Baltimore City shall be in duplicate and one copy
shall be retained in the files of said bureau for the period of four
years from the date of issue. All certificates issued in any of the
counties of Maryland shall be made out in duplicate and one copy
shall be delivered by the person issuing said certificate to the
bureau of statistics and information and shall be preserved in the
files of said bureau for the period of four years from the date of
said issue; and the person issuing said certificate in any of the
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- MARYLAND.
59
said counties, shall also make a record of each application for any Presentation,
employment certificate upon blanks furnished by said bureau, and
shall preserve riffle for a period of four years frotia the date of
application. Whei*ever a certificate shall be refused to any child, Refusals,
a statement of the name and address of said child, together with
the reasons for the refusal of said certificate and the school which
said child should attend, shall be forwarded by the person refusing
to issue said certificate to the county superintendent of schools of
the county in which said child resides, if the child resides in one
of the couaties of this State, and to the bureau of statistics and
information, and said statements shall be placed on file and pre
served until such time as such child, if living, .shall have reached
the full age of sixteen years. All employment certificates shall P r o s p e c tiv e
also contain the name and address of the prospective employer emp oyei*
and the nature of the occupation m which said child is to be en
gaged, and no certificates shall be valid excepting in the hands of
the employer so named and for the occupation so described.
Sec. 23. No female under sixteen years of age shall be employed . Seat s f o r
permitted or suffered to work in any capacity where such employ- girls
rnent compels her to remain standing constantly.
Sec. 25. Every employer shall post and keep posted in a con- Ac t to be
spicuous place in every establishment wherein any person under p
the age of sixteen years is employed, permitted or suffered to
work, a printed copy of the sections of this act relating to hours
of labor, and a schedule stating the maximum number of hours
such person may be required or permitted to work on each day
of the week, the hours of commencing and stopping work, and
the hours allowed for dinner or for other meals. Such copies
and the printed form of such schedules shall be prepared by the
Maryland Bureau of Statistics and Information and be furnished
by it on application of such employer, and the employment of any
such person for a longer time in any day than so stated, or at
any other time than as stated in said schedule shall be deemed
a violation of the provisions of this act.
Sec. 26. No boy under twelve years of age and no girl under Newsboys, etc,
sixteen years of age shall in any city having a population of
20,900 or over distribute, sell, expose, or offer for sale news
papers, magazines, or periodicals in any street or public place:
Prm^ded, That norbing in this section shall apply to any boy
who at the time of the passage of this act is duly licenced to
sell newspapers under section 28, but any such boy shall be en
titled to have his permit renewed upon its expiration unless
otherwise disqualified: And provided further. That a permit and
special badge may be issued to boys not less than ten years of
age authorising the holder to distribute newspapers on a regular
route between the hours of three-thirty and five o’clock p. m.
Sec. 28. No boy under sixteen years of age shall in any city street tiades.
having a population of 20,000 or over distribute, sell, expose or
offer for sale in any street or public place any newspapers,
magazines, or periodicals, or work in any of the trades or occupa
tions mentioned in section 27, unless he complies with all the
legal requirements concerning school attendance and unless a permits, etc.
permit and badge as hereinafter provided shall have been issued
to him by the officer authorized to issue employment permits
under this act, upon the application in person of the parent,
guardian or custodian of the child desiring such permit and
badge, or in case said chiM has no parent, guardian or custodian
then upon the application of his next friend, being an adult
Sec. 2&. Such permit and badge shall not be issued until the Evidence,
officer issuing the same shall have received, examined and ap
proved the following papers duly executed, v iz :
(1)
Evidence that such boy is of the age required by section
26 or 27, as the case may be. Such evidence of age shall consist
of the proof of age required for the issuing of an employment
certificate, as specified in section IS, subdivision (3) of this
article.
60
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
(2)
The written statement of the principal or chief executive
officer of the school which the child is attending, stating that such
child is an attendant at such school with the grade such child
shall have attained. After having received, examined and ap
proved such papers, the officer shall have authority, in his dis
cretion, to issue to the child a permit and badge: Provided, That
in the case of a boy between the ages of fourteen and sixteen hav^
ing an employment certificate, such certificate shall be accepted
by the officer issuing such permit and badge in lieu of any other
requirements. The officer issuing such permits and badges shall
keep a complete list of all children to whom permits and badges
have been issued as herein provided, and said officer may require
every such child to deposit a sum of money equal to the cost
price of said badge not to exceed fifty cents for each additional
badge, which sum shall be returned to the child upon surrender
of the badge.
Contents.
Sec. 30. Such permit shall state the name and the date and
place of birth of the child, the name and address of the parent
or guardian or custodian or next friend making application for
such permit, and shall describe the color of the hair and eyes, the
height and weight, and any distinguishing facial marks of such
child, and shall further state that the papers required by the
preceding sections have been duly examined and signed and that
the child named in such permit has personally appeared before
the officer issuing the permit. The badge furnished by the officer
issuing the permit shall bear on its face a number corresponding
to the number of the permit. Every such permit on its reverse
side shall be signed in the presence of the officer issuing the
same by the child in whose name it is issued.
Badges.
Sec. 31. The badge provided for herein shall be worn conspicu
ously at all times by such child while so working. All such per
mits and badges shall expire one year from the date of issue, and
no such permit or badge shall be authority beyond the period fixed
therein for its duration.
Transfer.
No child to whom such permit and badge are issued shall trans
fer the same to any other person. He shall exhibit the same upon
demand at any time to any officer charged with the duty of en
forcing the provisions of this act relating to street trades.
Violations.
Sec. 37. Any person, firm, or corporation, agent or manager of
any firm or corporation, who, whether for himself or for such firm
or corporation, or by himself, or through agents, servants, or
foremen, employs, permits, or suffers any child to work, and who
ever having under his control as parent, guardian, custodian or
otherwise, any child, permits or suffers such child to be employed
or to work, in violation of any of the provisions of this act, shall
for a first offense be punished by a fine of not more than ten
dollars; for a second offense by a fine of not more than fifty dol
lars, or by imprisonment for not more than ten days or by both
such fine and imprisonment.
Retaining cerSec. 39. Any person, firm or corporation, retaining an employtificates.
ment certificate in violation of section 11 of this act shall be
fined not more than ten dollars.
F a i l u r e to
Sec. 40. Every employer who fails to procure and keep on
have
certifi-flie employment certificates for all children employed under the
ca es‘
age of sixteen years, as provided in section 9 of this act, shall be
fined not more than ten dollars.
F a i l u r e to
Sec. 41. Any employer who fails to post and keep posted the
post act.
printed notices and schedules required by section 25 of this act in
the manner therein specified shall be fined not more than ten
dollars.
i nterferi ng
Sec. 42. Any person, firm or corporation who hinders or delays
with officials. any factory inspector, attendance officer or any officer charged
with the enforcement of any of the provisions of this act in the
performance of his or her duties, or refuses to admit or locks out
any such inspector or officer from any place which said inspectors
or officers are authorized to inspect, shall be punished by a fine of
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- MARYLAND.
61
not more than ten dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than
ten days, or by both such fine and imprisonment.
Sec. 43. Any inspector of factories or other authorized inspec- Violations by
tor, attendance officer, superintendent of schools or other person officials,
authorized to issue employment certificates or permits and badges
as required by this act, or other person charged with the enforce
ment of any of the provisions of this act, who knowingly and
willfully violates or fails to comply with any of the provisions of
this act, shall be fined not more than ten dollars, and if an em
ployee of the bureau of statistics and information, in addition
thereto shall be subject to dismissal by the chief of said bureau.
Sec. 46. Any person who either for himself or herself or as F u r n i s h i n g
agent of any other person or of any corporation, furnishes or sells fuiiy.
unlaw'
to any minor any article of any description with the knowledge
that said minor intends to sell said article in violation of the
provisions of this act, or who shall furnish or sell articles of any
description to a minor after having received written notice from
any officer charged with the enforcement of this act, or from the
officer issuing the permit and badge required by section 28, that
said minor is unlicensed to sell such articles, or who shall furnish
or sell to any minor required to have a permit and badge as pro
vided by section 28, any newspapers, magazines or periodicals
with the knowledge that said minor intends to sell the same, shall
be punished by a fine of not mere than fifty dollars or by im
prisonment for not more than ten days or by both such fine and imprisonment; and any sale of such articles at less than the cur
rent retail price thereof shall be prima facie evidence that the
person so selling had knowledge that the minor to whom said sale
w^as made intended to resell said articles.
Sec. 48. The chief of the Maryland Bureau of Statistics and Inspectors.
Information is hereby authorized to appoint four inspectors at
a compensation not exceeding one thousand dollars each per
annum, and three officers whose duty it shall be to issue and
supervise the issuance of employment certificates, and to act as
inspectors, at a compensation not exceeding twelve hundred dol
lars each per annum, and one officer who shall act as inspector
of street trades, at a salary not exceeding twelve hundred dol
lars per annum, to carry out the provisions of this act; they
shall also be allowed their actual expenses when away from the
city of Baltimore on the business of their office; they shall be
attached to and be part of the Maryland Bureau of Statistics
and Information, and be subject to the order of the chief of
said bureau, whose duty it shall be to see that the provisions
of this act are enforced; and said chief of said bureau is further
empowered to designate one or more regular physicians and other
attendants who shall be attached to and be part of the Maryland
Bureau of Statistics and Information, and be subject to the order
of the chief of said bureau, and who shall have such duties and
receive such compensation as shall be determined upon by said
chief: Provided, hoioever, That the total compensation of all phy- Expenses,
sicians and attendants so employed by said chief of the Maryland
Bureau of Statistics and Information shall not exceed twentyfive hundred dollars per annum.
Sec. 2. A new section of said article 100 * * * to be known
as section 22A, is hereby enacted to read as follows:
Sec. 22A. No child under the age of sixteen years shall be Six-day week,
employed, permitted or suffered to work in, about or in connection
with any establishment or occupation mentioned in section 4 of H
£
this act (1) for more than six days in any one week, (2) noriabo£ u
more than forty-eight hours in any week, (3) nor more than
eight hours in any one day; or (4) before the hour of seven ^i^htwork
o’clock in the morning or after the hour of seven o’clock in the
evening. The presence of such child in any establishment during
working hours shall be prima facie evidence of its employment
therein.
Approved April 11, 1916.
62
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Chapter 406.— Stmte board &f labor and statistics.
S e c t io n 1. Sections 1 and 2 of article 89 of the Annotated
Code of Maryland, Volume II, title “ Statistics and Information
as- to Branches of Industry,” hereby are respectively repealed,
and respectively reenacted with amendments, so as to read as
follows:
B o a r d cre
Section 1. A commission is hereby created which shall be known
ated.
as the State board of labor and statistics, to be composed of
three commissioners.
Immediately upon the taking effect of
this act, the governor shasll appoint such commissioners. The
term of office of each of said commissioners sliall be two years,
and until his successor shall be appointed and shall have quali
fied. Vacancies shall be filled by the governor for the unexpired
term. The governor may at any time remove any commissioner
from office for inefficiency, >neglect of duty or malfeasance in
office. The governor shall designate one of said commissioners
to be the chairman of the board. The other two commissioners
shall be known as advisory members of the board. A majority
of the members of the board shall constitute a quorum for the
transaction of all business. The salary of the, chairman shall be
two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500) per annum, and the
salary of each of the advisory members of the board shall be
five hundred dollars ($500) per *annum. The said board shall
be allowed for actual and necessary expenses incurred in the
discharge of its duties.
Bureau abol Upon the appointment and qualification of the said State board
ished.
of labor and statistics, the bureau of statistics and information,
and the chief of the industrial bureau, shall be abolished, and all
of the powers and duties conferred by this article, or by any other
law or laws of this State, upon the said bureau, or its chief, shall
thereupon be transferred to and imposed and devolved upon the
State board of labor and statistics hereby created, together with
all records, documents, papers, moneys and all property and things
of or appertaining to said bureau of statistics and information,
and its chiefs all in like manner and with the same effect and to
the same extent as if the said State board of labor and statistics
had been originally named in this article, or in said law or laws*
as the body upon which said powers and duties were conferred.
The State vJ)oard of labor and statistics is authorized and em
Employees.
powered to appoint or employ such deputies, inspectors, assistants
and employees of every kind as may be necessary for the perform
ance of the duties now or hereafter imposed upon it by this or any
other law : Provided, how ever, That such appointments and em
ployments, and the compensation to be allowed therefor, shall in
each and, every ease be subject to the approval of the governor.
Duties.
Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the said State board of labor and
statistics :
First. To collect statistics concerning and examine into the con
dition of labor in this State, with especial reference to wages, and
the causes of strikes and- disagreements between employers and
employees.
Second. To collect information in regard to the agricultural con
ditions and products of the several counties of the State, the
acreage under cultivation and planted to the various crops, the
character and price of lands, the live stock, et ceteta, and all other
matters pertaining to agricultural pursuits, which may be of gen
eral interest and calculated to attract immigration to the State.
Third. To collect information in regard to the mineral products
of the State, the output of mines, quarries and so forth, and the
manufacturing industries.
Fourth. To collect information in regard to railroads and other
transportation companies, shipping and commerce.
Fifth. To keep a bureau of general information, and to this end
all officers and institutions of this State, including officers of the
general assembly, are directed to transmit to the State board of
labor and statistics all reports, as soon as published.
IABO& LEGISLATION OF 1916— MARYLAND.
63
Sixth. To classify and arx&mm the information mul data so ob
tained., and as soon as practicable after entering upon the duties
of its office, publish the same in substantial book form and annu
ally thereafter revise and republish the same.
Sec. 2. A new section hereby is added to said article 89 of the Public e m Annotated Code of Maryland, title “ Statistics and Information ^egy
in'
as to Branches of Industry,” the same to be subtitled “ State Em
ployment Agencies,” to follow immediately after section 2 St said
article, to be known as section 2A, and to read as follows:
Sec. 2A. It shall be the duty of the State board of labor and Offices to be
statistics to organize, establish and conduct free employment established
agencies, in such parts of the State as such board may deem ad
visable, for the free use of the citizens of the State of Maryland,
for the purpose of securing employment for unemployed persons
who may register in said agencies, and for the purpose of securing
help or labor for persons registering as applicants for help or
labor, The said board shall investigate the extent and the cause
or causes of unemployment in this State, and the remedies there
for adopted and applied in the States of this country and in other
countries, and report thereon to the governor, and shall do all in
its power to bring together employers seeking employees and work
ing and laboring people seeking employment.
S ec. 3. A new section hereby is added to article 89 of the An- Arbitration,
notated Code of Maryland, title “ Statistics and Information as to
Branches of Industry,” subtitle “Arbitration of Labor Disputes,”
said new section to be subtitled “Arbitration of Disputes between
Employers and Employees,” to follow immediately after section
10 of said article and subsection, to be known as section 11, and
to read as follows:
Sec. 1L It shall be the duty of the State board of labor and sta- Board to metistics to do all in its power to promote the voluntary arbitration, ^late» etcmediation and conciliation of controversies and dispxites between
employers and employees, and to avoid resort to lockouts, boy
cotts, black lints, discriminations and legal proceedings in or
arising out of such controversies and disputes and matters of em
ployment. In pursuance of this duty, the said board may, when
ever it deems advisable, but subject to the approval of the gov
ernor, appoint boards of arbitration for the consideration and set- Local boards,
tlement of such controversies and disputes, and may provide for
the necessary expenses of such arbitration boards, and for such
reasonable compensation to the members serving thereon as the
said board may deem proper, not exceeding, however, the sum of
five dollars per day for each member for each day during which
such member is engaged in work upon such arbitration boards.
The said board shall prescribe rules of procedure for such arbitral
tion boards, and the said arbitration boards shall have the power Powers,
to conduct investigations and hold hearings, to summon witnesses,
and enforce their attendance through the ordinary processes of
law in the cities and counties in which such arbitration boards
may meet, subject to all the penalties for nonattendance to which
witnesses in ordinary civil cases are subject, and in like manner
may require the production of books, documents and papers and
may administer oaths, all to the same extent that such powers are
possessed and exercised by the civil courts of the State; and said
arbitration boards shall make, report and publish findings for
the settlement of such controversies and disputes. The said board
of labor and statistics shall itself have like power to conduct
investigations and hold hearings, summon and enforce the at
tendance of witnesses, administer oaths, require the production of
books, documents and papers, and make and publish reports and
findings with respect to any and all matters covered by this sec
tion. Subject to the approval of the governor, the board may
appoint and designate a deputy, and fix his compensation, who
shall be known as the chief mediator, and who, together with any rh. f mpdia
assistants who may be assigned by the board, shall have in charge tor
the execution of the provisions of this section, under the direction
and supervision of the board. The chief mediator may act upon
64
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
any board of arbitration, but in such event he shall receive no
compensation therefor in addition to his ordinary salary. Nothing
in this section contained shall affect the provisions with respect
to arbitration and award contained in article 7 of the Annotated
Code of Maryland, title -“Arbitration and Award,” nor the pro
visions with respect to arbitration contained in sections 223 to 228,
inclusive of the Baltimore City charter.
Sec. 4. Section 53 of article 100 of the Annotated Code of
Maryland, * * * hereby is repealed; and two new sections
hereby are added to article 89 * * * to be known respec
tively as sections 12 and 13, and to read as follows:
Transfer o f
Sec. 12. Upon the appointment and qualification of the State
powers as to board of labor and statistics, all the powers and duties specified
child1iaboi\ n and set
in sections 1 to 55, inclusive, of ■article 100 of the
Annotated Code of Maryland, volumes II and III, title “ Work—
Hours of, in Factories,” subtitles “ Employment of Miners ” and
“ Hours of Labor for Females,” including the receiving and giv
ing of notices, issuing certificates, papers and badges, preparing
and furnishing blanks and forms, making complaints and reports,
making payments and visiting, inspecting and entering premises,
as said powders and duties are conferred by the provisions of said
article 100 upon the bureau of statistics and information, or its
chief, and upon the inspector and assistant inspectors of female
labor, or upon any other inspectors, officers or employees therein
named, shall thereupon be transferred to and imposed and deR c ds t volve(* upon the State board of labor and statistics, together
e or ’ e c,with all records, documents, papers, moneys, and all property
and things of or appertaining to the said bureau of statistics and
information, and the said inspector and assistant inspectors of
female labor, all in like manner and to the same extent and with
the same effect as if the said State board of labor and statistics
had been originally named in said article as the body upon which
issue of em -said powers and duties were conferred: Provided, however, That
pioyment cer- the powers of the county superintendent of schools in the counties
tiflcates.
with respect to employment certificates and the issue thereof, and
the provisions with reference to school attendance officers and
schools’ records shall not be affected by this section. Immediately
upon such transfer of powers and duties, the said bureau of
statistics and information and the chief of the industrial bureau
shall be abolished as aforesaid, and the inspector and assistant
inspectors of female labor shall also be abolished.
Inspection of
Sec. 13. Upon the appointment and qualification of the State
of f a c t o r i e s , board of labor and statistics, all the powers and duties specified
etcand set forth in sections 264 to 275, inclusive, of article 27 of
the Annotated Code of Maryland, Volume III, title “ Crimes and
Punishments,” subtitles “ Health— Workshops and Factories ” and
“ Health— Workshops and Factories— Sweating System,” including
the making of registrations, preparing and furnishing blanks and
forms, receiving applications, statements, certificates, papers, and
information, making inspections and entries, issuing and revoking
licenses, consulting records and giving information, as said powers
and duties are conferred by said sections 264 to 275, inclusive, of
said article 27, upon the bureau of statistics and information,
or its chief, or any inspectors, deputies, assistants, officers or
employees thereof, shall thereupon be transferred to and imposed
and devolved upon the .State board of labor and’ statistics,
together with all records, documents, papers, moneys, and all
property and things of or appertaining to the said bureau of
statistics and information, all in like manner and to the. same
extent and with the same effect as if the said board of labor
and statistics had been originally named in said sections as the
body upon which said powers and duties were conferred.
Sec. 5. A new section hereby is added to article 89 * * *
to be known as section 14 and to read as follows:
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- MARYLAND.
65
Sec. 14. The sum of eleven thousand, six hundred and sixty-six App r o p r i a dollars and sixty-six cents ($11,666.66) for the portion of the tions
present fiscal year intervening between the first day of June, 1916,
and the first day of October, 1916, and the sum of thirty-five thou
sand dollars ($35,000) annually for the fiscal years ending Sep
tember 30, 1917, and September 30, 1918, respectively, or so much
thereof as may be necessary annually for the maintenance of the
State board of labor and statistics, and the performance of the
duties placed upon it by existing law or laws, or by any law or
laws passed at the present session of the General Assembly of
Maryland, and by all laws hereafter to be passed and the payment
of the salaries and expenses of said board and its officers, deputies,
assistants, inspectors and employees, is hereby appropriated, and
shall be payable on the order or orders of the said board from
time to time, as in law provided; and the comptroller shall draw
his warrant upon the treasurer of Maryland, as in law provided,
for the said appropriation.
Sec. 6. A new section hereby is added to article 89 * * * to
'be known as section 15, and to read as follows:
Sec. 15. All violations of any of the provisions of any of the
Violations.
laws the enforcement of which is by this act transferred to the
State board of labor and statistics, which may be committed be
fore this act takes effect, shall be prosecuted and punished as if
this act had not been passed.
All violations of any of the provisions of such laws which may
be committed after this act takes effect, shall be prosecuted and
punished in accordance with the terms thereof; and whenever
such laws confer any rights or privileges of any kind upon any
of the boards, commissions, bureaus, inspectors or officials whose
powers and duties are by this act transferred to the State board
of labor and statistics, and whenever such laws impose any duties
or obligations of any kind upon any corporations, firms or indi
viduals with respect to any of the said boards, commissions,
bureaus, inspectors, or officials, then all violations of such pro
visions of such laws shall be prosecuted and punished as if the
State board of labor and statistics had been named in such laws
as the body having such rights or privileges or to which such
duties or obligations were owed.
Approved April 18th, 1916.
C h a p t e r 407.— Em ploym ent o f children— H ours o f labor— Viola
tions.
S e c t io n 1. Section 240 of article 27 of the Annotated Code of
Maryland, title “ Crimes and Punishments,” * * * hereby is
repealed and reenacted, so as to read as follows:
Sec. 240. Any person who shall so employ a child or suffer or
permit such employment shall be guilty of misdemeanor, and upon
conviction, shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars; onehalf of which shall be paid to the State board of labor and sta
tistics, which is hereby invested with the general duty and power
of enforcing this law.
Approved April 18, 1916.
C h a p t e r 410.— Mine regulations.
S e c t io n 1. Sections 196, 197, 199 and 209Q of article number one
of the Code of Public Local Laws of Maryland, * * * and
sections 150, 151, 153 and 164P of article number twelve of the
Code of Public Local Laws of Maryland, * * * hereby are
repealed and reenacted with amendments; said sections as so
reenacted to read as follows:
Section 196 of article 1 and section 150 of article 12.
70404°— Bull. 213— 17------ 5
Misdemeanor.
66
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
[The amendment to the sections consists in authorizing the
appointment o f the mine inspector fo r Allegany and Garrett
counties by the State board o f labor and statistics, w ith the
approval Of the governor, instead o f by the governor, by and
w ith the advice and consent o f the senate. The salary is to be
fixed by the board, with the approval o f the governor, whereas
the law form erly fixed a salary o f $1,500.
[Section 197 o f article 1 and section 151 o f article 12 are
amended merely by substituting the State bureau o f labor and
statistics as the party with w hich reports must be filed in lieu o f
w ith the governor.
[Section 199 o f article 1 and section 153 o f article 12, as
amended, read as fo llo w s :]
Temporary
j n case the inspector becomes incapacitated to perform the
aeancies.
duties o f his office or receives a leave o f absence from the said
board, it shall be the duty o f the said board to appoint, upon
said mine inspector’s application, or that o f five miners or five
operators, some competent person to fill the office o f inspector
until the said inspector shall be able to resume the duties o f his
office, and the person so appointed shall be paid in the same
manner as hereinbefore provided for the inspector o f mines.
[Section 209Q o f article 1, and section 164P o f article 12 are
amended in subsection G, by substituting the State board o f
labor and industries as the party to w hich recom mendations '
shall be made, in lieu o f the governor.]
C h a p t e r 670.— M others’ pensions.
Board
ere-
ted-
S ection 1. There is hereby created a board to be known as the
board for mothers’ relief fo r Baltim ore City, to consist o f three
members, not more than tw o o f whom shall be o f the same sex,
to be appointed by the mayor o f Baltim ore City fo r a term o f
fou r years as hereinafter provided and until their successors have
been appointed and qualified. The board for mothers’ relief shall
sit at such times and as often as the business before it justifies
and if any member shall absent him self or herself from five (5)
consecutive meetings w ithout giving a satisfactory excuse to
the board, his or her office shall become vacant and the mayor
shall make an appointment to fill such vacancy. The salary o f the
members o f the board shall be five dollars ($5) per day fo r each
member, for each and every day the board shall sit, and in addi
tion, the necessary expenses incurred in the discharge o f his or
her duties.
Organization.
W ithin thirty days after the passage o f this act the mayor o f
Baltim ore City shall appoint one member fo r a period o f tw o
years, one fo r a period o f three years, and one for a period o f fou r
years, and thereafter as these terms expire, the m ayor shall make
such appointment fo r a term o f fou r years. The board shall
choose from among its members a chairman, a vice chairman, and
a treasurer.
T h e board shall have the pow er to employ a secretary and a
stenographer. The salary o f the secretary shall be twelve hun
dred dollars ($ 1 ,2 0 0 ) per year and that o f the stenographer one
thousand dollars ($ 1 ,0 0 0 ) per year.
The duties o f the secretary and stenographer shall be to con
duct the correspondence o f the board, keep a record o f its busi
ness, assist in investigations o f applications, and keep on file ap
plications and such other business as the board may direct. The
board for mothers’ relief far Baltim ore City shall have an office
allotted it in the city hall o f Baltim ore City, in the courthouse o f
Baltim ore City or in such other municipal building as may be
obtained.
Duties.
It shall be the duty o f the board for mothers’ relief for B alti
more City to investigate every application for relief, to hear all
witnesses fo r applicants, and to carry out the provisions o f this
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- MARYLAND.
67
act as embodied in all its sections and see to the administration
o f this act in all its particulars as relating to Baltim ore City.
Each member o f the board shall fo r the purpose contemplated Powers,
by this act have .power to issue subpoenas, compel the attend
ance o f witnesses, administer oaths, certify to official acts, take
depositions w ithin or w ithout the State o f M aryland as now pro
vided by law, compel the productions o f pertinent books, pay rolls,
papers, records, documents and testim on y : Provided, however,
That instead o f appointing the board for mothers’ relief o f B alti
m ore City, as provided in this section, th e m ayor and city council
o f Baltim ore may, in its discretion, devolve the duties imposed by
this act upon said board fo r mothers’ relief upon the supervisors
o f city charities o f Baltim ore City.
S e c . 2. Nothing in this act shall be construed to affect or inter- Relation t o
fere w ith the provisions o f the law s o f M aryland as now existing courtsrelating to the jurisdiction o f the supreme bench o f Baltim ore
City, the circuit courts o f the State o f Maryland, or the juvenile
court o f Baltim ore City in regard to the custody and control o f
infants.
Any m other o f a child or children under the age o f fourteen Procedure.
(14) years whose husband is dead, and who is unable to sup
port it or them and maintain her home, may present a written
application or petition fo r relief to th e county commissioners o f
the county wherein she resides or to the board fo r mothers’ relief
for Baltim ore City, if she resides in Baltim ore City.
Such application or petition shall be verified by three witnesses
and shall set forth the follow in g :
Her name, the name o f her husband, the date o f the death o f
her husband, the name or names o f her children, the dates and
places o f their birth and the time and place o f her marriage.
Her residence and the length o f time she has been a resident
and the address or addresses o f her place o f abode fo r the previous
five years, and the date, as near as possible, when she moved in
and when she left said place or places o f residence.
A statement o f all the property -belonging to her and to each o f
her children, which statement shall include any future or con
tingent interest she or any o f them m ay have.
A statement o f the efforts made by her to support her children.
The name, relationships, and addresses o f such o f her and her
husband’s relatives that may be known to her.
The child or children fo r whose benefit the relief is granted Conditions for
must be living w ith the mother o f such child or children.
relief.
The relief shall be granted only when, in the absence o f such
relief, the mother would foe required to w ork regularly away from
her home and children, and when, by means o f such relief she w ill
be able to remain at home w ith her children, except, that she may
be absent for w ork a definite number o f days each week, to be
specified in the order giving relief, when such w ork can be done
by her w ithout the sacrifice o f health or the neglect o f home and
children.
Such a mother must be n proper person, worthy and fit, to bring
up her children.
A mother shall not receive such relief who is the owner o f real
property or personal property other than the household goods.
A mother shall not receive such relief who has not resided in
the county where the application is made, or in the city o f Balti
more, at least three years before making such application.
W henever any child shall arrive at the age o f fourteen years Ceases when.
(1 4 ), the relief granted to the mother fo r such child shall cease:
Provided, That i f a child o f fourteen years o f age be ill or is in
capacitated for work, the mother shall receive the funds for its
care, during such illness or incapacity fo r work, until such child
is sixteen years o f age.
S ec . 3. A copy o f the ^application or petition provided for in sec- Service of aption 2 hereof, and a notice o f the place w here and time when it Pllcatlon*
w ill be presented, must be served on, or mailed to, the county
68
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
commissioners in the county wherein the applicant or petitioner
resides or to the board for mothers’ relief for Baltim ore City, if
applicant or petitioner resides in Baltim ore City.
Hearing.
g EC# 4 # Upon the receipt o f the application or petition and
notice, the county commissioners, or the board for mothers’ relief
for Baltim ore City, shall set a time and exam ine under oath all
who desire to be h e a rd : Provided, however, That the county com
missioners o f the county wherein applicant or petitioner resides or
i f the applicant resides in Baltim ore City, the said board shall, o f
themselves or through their agents, before said hearing, examine
into the truth o f the facts set forth in the above-mentioned appli
cation or petition, and shall file a report o f its findings with the
juvenile court o f the county wherein applicant or petitioner re
sides or with the circuit court if no juvenile court exists in said
county, or with the juvenile court o f Baltim ore City, i f the appli
cant or petitioner resides in Baltim ore City, for review and dis
position, setting forth, in full, the results o f their investigations.
The county commissioners in the counties or the board for moth
ers’ relief in Baltim ore City may in their discretion issue sub
poenas for the attendance o f witnesses and adjourn the hearings
from day to day and shall hear such witnesses as shall be pro
duced by the applicant or petitioner or others.
Order.
S ec . 5. If, upon the completion o f the examination, provided for
under section 4 hereof, the juvenile or circuit court in the coun
ties or the juvenile court for Baltim ore City, concludes that un
less relief is granted, the mother will be unable to support and
educate her children, and that they may become a public charge,
it shall make an order directing that there shall be paid to the
mother monthly, upon the first day o f each month, out o f the
county funds, by the county treasurer or out o f the funds o f
Baltim ore City, by the city comptroller, as the case may be, the
follow ing amounts for the maintenance and support o f the chil
dren under fourteen (14) years o f ag e:
Schedule.
Tw elve dollars ($12) per month for the oldest child, ten
dollars ($ 1 0 ) per month for the next oldest child, and six dollars^ ($ 6 ) per month for each additional child, not at any time,
however, exceeding forty dollars ($40) per month for any one
fam ily. And the board o f estimates and the mayor and city
council o f Baltimore, and the county commissioners o f the respec
tive counties o f this State are authorized and directed to levy
such tax, not exceeding one-tenth o f a mill, as may be necessary
and sufficient to carry out the provisions o f this act, or to provide
for the same out o f the proceeds o f the general tax levy.
County comSec. 6 . It shall be the duty o f the county commissioners in
act S1° nerS 1 ° ttie several counties wherein applicant or petitioner resides, or
the board for mothers’ relief for Baltim ore City, wherein appli
cant or petitioner resides, to see that any w idow mother thus
committed to their care, pursuant to the provisions o f this act,
is properly caring for her ch ild ren ; that they are sufficiently
clothed and fe d ; that they attend school regularly and that said
fam ily shall be visited at least once every two months.
The county commissioners, in the county in which applicant or
petitioner resides or the board for mothers’ relief for Baltim ore
C ity shall report to the juvenile court, or, if none exists, to
the circuit court in such county or to the juvenile court for B alti
more City, in the case o f any w idow mother who does not prop
erly care for and educate her child or children, or when they
find that she no longer needs such support. The circuit court
or the juvenile court shall thereupon revoke any order made
pursuant to this act, at any time, with or without notice, and in
lieu thereof make any order that in the, judgment o f the court
may protect the w elfare o f the child or children.
Use of funds.
S ec . 7. Should the fund or funds available be insufficient to
permit o f an allowance to only a part o f the mothers coming
w ithin the provisions o f this act, the county commissioners in
the several counties or the board for mothers’ relief for Baltimore
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- MARYLAND.
69
City, shall select in their discretion those in most urgent need
o f such allowance, and submit such selections, after fu ll inves
tigation, to the circuit or juvenile court o f such counties or to
the juvenile court for Baltim ore City for approval, which shall
accept the same or make a different selection on its ow n account,
which shall then be conclusive.
S ec . 8 . The board for mothers’ relief for Baltim ore City shall Investigators.
have the power to employ assistant investigators, not at any time
to exceed three, at a salary o f nine hundred dollars ($900) per
year for each investigator, at such time that the board finds
itself physically unable to conduct investigations, by reason o f
the burden o f work, whose duties shall be to thoroughly investi
gate all applications or petitions and to make stated visits to the
homes o f the applicants or petitioners and for such other w ork
as the board may prescribe. The board for mothers’ relief for
Baltim ore City may also call for the assistance o f the probation
officers o f the juvenile court to assist it in making like investi
gations and reports.
S ec . 9. Any person knowingly and w illfully procuring, or at Fraud.
tempting to procure any allowance or relief, by false testimony
or representation, for herself or for a person not entitled thereto,
shall be deemed guilty o f a misdemeanor and on conviction
thereof, shall be punished by a fine o f not less than fifty dollars
($50) and not more than two hundred and fifty dollars ($250) or
by imprisonment in the county ja il o f the county wherein the
offense occurs or the city ja il o f Baltim ore City for a period of
not more than six months or by fine and imprisonment.
S ec . 10. In order to administer this act an annual appropria
A p p r opriation o f ten thousand dollars ($ 10 ,0 0 0 ) is hereby made fo r the tion.
^establishment and maintenance o f the board fo r mothers’ relief
fo r Baltim ore City, and five thousand dollars ($5,000) for ad
m inistrative purposes, to be divided among the various counties
o f M aryland in proportion to the population o f these counties,
to be paid to the county commissioners in the several counties to
assist them in making investigations and for the work o f super
vision.
S ec . 11. A detailed report o f the number o f beneficiaries, the
Reports.
amount expended, the advantages o f the system, improvements
and recommendations, shall be made by the board o f [fo r] mothers*
relief for Baltim ore City and by the county commissioners in the
several counties o f the State to the members o f the General As
sembly o f M aryland at the beginning o f the session o f one thou
sand, nine hundred and eighteen (1918).
S ec . 13. In the event that this act should be held to be invalid Validity.
as to the counties other than Baltim ore City or as to any o f them,
it shall nevertheless remain in fu ll [force] and effect as to Bal
timore City.
Approved April 18, 1916.
C h a p t e r 701.— Em ploym ent o f children.
[Amendment.
See section 13, chapter 222.]
C h a p t e r 704.— License tax— Em ploym ent offices.
S ection 170. Each person, firm, agency or corporation maintain
ing an intelligence office or employment agency in this State before
doing so shall first take out a license therefor by paying an an
nual tax o f ten dollars for each intelligence office or employment
agency.
Approved April 18, 1916.
License.
MASSACHUSETTS.
AC TS OF 1916.
C h a p t e r 12.— Insurance o f em ployees— Group insurance.
S ectio n 1. Section se.venty-one o f chapter five hundred and
seventy-six o f the acts o f the year nineteen hundred and seven
is hereby amended * * * so that said paragraph w ill read
as follow s:
Sec. 71. No life insurance com pany organized under the laws Medical e x o f or doing business in this Commonwealth shall enter into any animation r e
contract o f insurance upon lives wTithin this C om m onw ealthqmre *
without having previously made or caused to be made a prescribed
m edical exam ination o f the insured by a registered medical
p ra ctition er; except that an inspection by a competent person Exception,
o f a group o f employees whose lives are to be insured and their
environment may be substituted fo r such m edical examination
in cases where the insurance is granted under a single policy
issued to a given person, firm, or corporation, covering simul
taneously a group o f not less than one hundred lives all in the
employ o f such person, firm, or corporation.
Becam e a law February 22, 1916.
C h a p t e r 14.— Paym ent o f wages— W eek ly pay day.
S ec tio n 1. Section one hundred and thirteen o f chapter five
hundred and fourteen o f the acts o f the year nineteen hundred
and nine is hereby amended * * * so as to read as follow s:
Sec. 113. The State board o f labor and industries may make Complaints,
a complaint against any person for a violation o f the provisions
o f the preceding section. Complaints for such violation shall be
made w ithin three months after the date thereof, and on the,
trial, no defense for failure to pay as required, other than the
attachment o f such wages by the trustee process or a valid assign
ment thereof or a valid set-off against the same, or the absence
o f the employee from his regular place o f labor at the time o f
payment, or an actual tender to such employee at the time o f
payment o f the wages so earned by him, shall be valid. The
defendant shall not set up as a defense a payment o f wages after
the bringing o f the complaint. An assignment o f future wages A ssig n m en t
which are payable weekly under the provisions o f this act shall of future earnnot be valid if made to the person from whom such wages are to ings*
become due or to any person on his behalf or if made or procured
to be made to another person for the purpose o f relieving the em
ployer from the obligation to pay weekly. The w ord “ person ” in
this section shall include the corporations, contractors, persons,
and partnerships described in the preceding section.
Approved February 25, 1916.
C h a p t e r 66 .— Em ploym ent o f children— Vacation perm its.
S ection 1. The second paragraph o f section seventeen o f chapter
seven hundred and seventy-nine o f the acts o f the year nineteen
hundred and thirteen is hereby amended * * * so that said
second paragraph will read as fo llo w s :
No such school record shall be issued or accepted and no employment certificate shall be granted unless the child possesses
the educational qualifications enumerated in section one o f chap
ter forty-fou r o f the Revised Laws as amended by section one o f
E d u c a tio n a l
requirem ents,
71
72
BTJLLET1H OF THE BUKEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS.
this a ct: Provided, however, That children who are over fourteen
but under sixteen years o f age and who do not possess such ability
to read, write, and spell in the English language as is required
fo r the com pletion o f the fourth grade o f the public schools o f th e
city or town in which they reside may be granted an employm ent
certificate good for the summer vacation, subject to all other pro
visions relating to the employment o f children between fourteen
and sixteen years o f age.
Approved March 22, 1916.
C h a p t e r 82. — Em ploym ent o f children— School attendance.
Exemption.
[This act amends section 1 o f chapter 467, Acts o f 1913, by
exempting married women who are illiterate minors from com
pulsory attendance at evening schools.]
C h a p t e r 89. — Strikes, etc.— N otice in advertisem ents fo r labor.
S ectio n 1. Section five o f chapter three hundred and fortyseven o f the acts o f the year nineteen hundred and fourteen is
hereby amended * * * so as to read as fo llo w s :
End of strike,
’ Sec. 5. The provisions o f this act shall cease to be operative
etc.
when the State board o f conciliation and arbitration shall de
termine that the business o f the employer, in respect to which the
strike or other labor trouble occurred, is being carried on in the
normal and usual manner and to the normal and usual extent.
Upon the application o f the employer, this question shall be de~
termined by said board, but only after a full hearing, at which all
persons involved shall be entitled to be heard and be represented
by counsel. The board shall give at least three days’ notice o f the
hearing to the strikers and employees by publication in at least
three daily newspapers published in the Commonwealth.
Approved March 31, 1916.
C h a p t e r 95. — Em ploym ent
Definition.
Certificates.
o f children— Cooperative courses.
S ectio n 1. Section seventeen o f chapter five hundred and fou r
teen o f the acts o f the year nineteen hundred and nine, as
amended * * * is hereby further amended by adding at the
end thereof the follow in g :
“ Cooperative courses ” shall mean courses approved as sucli
by the board o f education and conducted in public schools in
which technical or related instruction is given in conjunction w ith
practical experience by employment in a cooperating factory,
manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishment or w ork
shop.
Sec. 2. Section fifty-seven of said chapter * * *
further amended * * * so as to read as follows:
is hereby
Sec. 57. No child between fourteen and sixteen years o f age
shall be employed or be permitted to w ork in, about or in connec
tion with any factory, workshop, m anufacturing, mechanical, or
m ercantile establishment unless the person, firm, or corporation
employing such child procures and keeps on file accessible to the
attendance officers o f the city or town, to agents o f the board o f
education, and to the State board o f labor and industries or its
authorized agents or inspectors, the employment certificate as
hereinafter provided issued to such child, and keeps a complete
list o f the names and ages o f all such children employed therein
conspicuously posted near the principal entrance o f the building
in which such children are em p loyed: Provided, however, That
children who are over fourteen but under sixteen years o f age
shall be permitted to w ork in mercantile establishments on Satur
days between the hours o f seven in the morning and six in the
evening, without such certificate: And provided further, T h at
pupils in cooperative courses in public schools, as defined in sec
tion seventeen o f this act, may be employed by any cooperating:
73
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- MASSACHUSETTS.
factory, manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishment
or workshop upon securing from the superintendent o f schools a
special certificate covering this type o f employment. On termina
tion o f the employment o f a child whose employment certificate is
on file, said certificate shall be returned by the employer within
tw o days after said termination to the office o f the superintendent
o f schools from which it was issued.
S ec . 3. Section sixty-six o f said chapter * * * is hereby
further amended * * * so that the first paragraph shall read
as follow s:
Sec. 66 . No child who is over sixteen and under twenty-one
years o f age shall be employed in a factory, workshop, manufac
turing, mechanical or m ercantile establishment, except as pro
vided for pupils in cooperative courses, approved as such by the
board o f education and conducted, in public schools, unless his
employer procures and keeps on file an educational certificate
showing the age o f the child and his ability or inability to read
and w rite as hereinafter provided.
Such certificates shall be
issued by the person authorized by this act to issue employment
certificates.
Approved April 3, 1916.
C hapter
Literacy,
115.— Regulation o f fa ctories, etc.— Lockers.
S ection 1. In any m ercantile or m anufacturing establishment . Who to pro
in which the nature o f the w ork renders it necessary for any or vide lockers.
all employers, before, beginning work, to make a substantially
complete change o f clothing, exclusive o f underclothing, separate
lockers, closets or other receptacles, each with a lock and key,
shall* be provided for the use o f such employees.
S ec. 2. It shall be the duty o f the State, board o f labor and Enforcement.
industries to investigate all reported violations o f this act, and
to enforce the same by prosecution.
Violations.
S ec . 3. Any violation hereof shall be punished by a fine o f not
less than five or more than twenty dollars for each offense.
Approved April 8 , 1916.
C h a p t e r 143.— Strikes, etc.— N otice in advertisem ents fo r labor.
S ectio n 1. Section four o f chapter three hundred and fortyseven o f the acts o f the year nineteen hundred and fourteen,
* * * is hereby further amended * * * so as to read as
fo llo w s :
Sec. 4. Any person, firm, association or corporation violating
any provision o f this act shall, upon complaint o f and after investi
gation by the State board o f labor and industries, be punished
by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars for each offense.
Approved April 24, 1916.
Violations.
C h a p t e r 146.— Sunday labor:
[This act amends section 3 o f chapter 98, Revised Laws, by
adding to the list o f permitted transactions “ the sale by licensed
innholders and victualers o f meals cooked on the premises, such
as are usually served by them, not to be consumed on the prem
ises : Provided, That such meals shall not consist in whole or
in part o f intoxicating liquors.” ]
Exemption.
C h a p t e r 164.-—R etirem ent o f State em ployees.
S e ction 1. Any person who has heretofore given notice in w rit-
Election after
ing to the insurance commissioner that he did not wish to join the reJeetlonretirement association established by chapter five hundred and
thirty-tw o o f the acts o f the year nineteen hundred and eleven,
in accordance with clause ( 1 ) o f section three thereof, may be-
74
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TIST IC S.
come, a member o f the said association : Provided, That he gives
notice in w riting to the insurance com m issioner during the cal
endar year nineteen hundred and sixteen that he desires to be
come a member o f the association.
Prior service.
S ec. 2. The pension for prior service of any person becoming
a member of the retirement association under the provisions of
this act shall not be based upon or include any allowance for the
period of time between the first day of June, nineteen hundred
and twelve, and the date when such person becomes a member
of the association.
Approved May 1, 1916.
C hapter
208.— Assignm ents o f w ages.
S ection 1. Section one hundred and twenty-one o f chapter five
hundred and fourteen o f the acts o f the year nineteen hundred
and nine is hereby amended * * * so as to read as fo llo w s :
Future wages.
Sec. 121. No assignment o f future w ages shall be valid for a
period exceeding tw o years from the date thereof, nor unless
made to secure a debt contracted prior to or sim ultaneously w ith
the execution o f said assignment, nor unless executed in w riting
in the standard form herein set forth and signed by the assignor
in person and not by attorney, nor unless such assignment states
the date o f its execution, the money or the money value o f goods
actually furnished by the assignee, and the rate o f interest, if
any, to be paid thereon. Three-fourths o f the weekly earnings
or wages o f the assignor shall at all times be exempt from as
signment, and no assignment shall be valid w hich does not so
state on its face. No such assignment shall be valid when made
by a married man unless the written consent o f his w ife to the
making thereof is attached thereto.
Sec. 2. Section one hundred and twenty-four *
hereby amended * * * so as to read as follows:
F o rm
Of
signment.
*
*
is
Sec. 124. Said standard form o f assignment shall be as fo llo w s :
a sK N O W ALL M E N B Y TH E SE PRESENTS, that I , -----------------------, O f
---------- ^ -n
coun^y Gf ---------- ? f or a valuable consideration, to
me paid b y -----------------------, o f --------- -, the receipt w hereof I do
hereby acknowledge, do hereby assign and transfer to said
---------------------- all claim s and demands, not exempt by law, [w hich
I now have, and all] which within a period of --------- from the
date h ereof I may and shall have against my present employer,
and against any person whose employ I shall hereafter enter, [fo r
all sums o f money due and] fo r all sums o f money and demands
which at any time within said period may and shall become due
to me fo r services as ---------- . T o have and to hold the same to
the said ---------- ---------- , his executors, administrators, and as
signs to secure a debt—
(1 ) O f ---------- dollars [w ith interest thereon from ---------- , at
the rate o f -------per cent per annum], for money [o r goods] actu
ally furnished by the assignee amounting to ---------- dollars.
(2 ) Contracted prior to the execution o f this assignment, [or
contracted simultaneously w ith the execution o f this assignment.]
(8 )
Three-fourths o f the weekly earnings or wages, which
are
dollars, are exempt from this assignment.
In W itn e s s
W hereof
I have set m y
hand
th is
---------
day
of
Signed and delivered in presence o f ----------------h. — m. — m .
Received and entered in records o f assignment o f wages in clerk’s
office o f the -r---------o f ----------- b o o k --------, p a g e -------.
---------------------- , Clerk.
Construction Sec. S. The provisions of this act shall not be construed to
of act.
repeal or affect the provisions of section twenty-two of chapter
seven hundred and twenty-seven of the acts of the year nineteen
hundred and eleven, as amended by section six of chapter six
hundred and seventy-five of the acts of the year nineteen hundred
and twelve.
Approved May 12* 1916.
75
LABOR LEG ISLA TIO N OF 1916— M A SSA C H U SET T S.
C hapter
222. — Em ploym ent
o f women and children— H onrs o f
labor,
[This act amends section 48 o f chapter 514, Acts o f 1909, as Seasonal emamended, by inserting after the w ord “ seasons,” in the first sen- ployments.
tence thereof, the words, “ and the State board o f labor and in
dustries shall determine what employments are seasonal.” ]
C h a p t e r 229. — P aym en t o f w ages— W eek ly pay day.
[This act amends section 112 o f chapter 514, Acts o f 1909, by
adding hotels in cities to the list o f establishments whose em
ployees must be paid w eekly.]
Hotels,
C h a p t e r 240. — H ours o f labor on public w orks— Eight-hour day.
[This act amends section 1 o f chapter 494, Acts o f 1911, by fur- H o u r s per
ther restricting to 48 the hours o f labor in any week, as well a s we *
8 per day, subject to local approval. Section 4 o f the same act
is amended so as to read as fo llo w s :]
Sec. 4. This act shall not apply to the preparation, printing, Exceptions,
shipment, and delivery o f ballots to be used at a caucus, primary,
State, city, or town election, nor during the sessions o f the general
court to persons employed in legislative printing or binding; nor
shall it apply at any time to persons employed in any State,
county, or municipal institution, on a farm, or in the care o f the
grounds, in the stable, in the domestic or kitchen and dining room
service or in store rooms or offices, nor to persons employed by the
trustees o f the Massachusetts nautical school, on boats maintained
by the district police for the enforcem ent o f certain laws in the
w aters o f the Commonwealth, or in connection with the care and
maintenance o f State armories.
S ec . 3. This act shall take effect on the first day o f July, nine- Acceptance of
teen hundred and six teen : Provided, hotvever, That the pro- act.
visions o f section one shall not take effect in any city until ac
cepted by vote o f the city council, approved by the mayor, or by
vote o f the commission in any city under a commission form o f
government, nor in any town until accepted by the voters thereof
at annual meeting or at a special meeting called for the purpose.
Approved May 20, 1916.
C h a p t e r 2 4 2 .— E m ploym ent o f children in street trades.
S ec . 4. Section seventeen o f chapter sixty-five o f the Revised
Law s as amended * * * is hereby further amended by strik
ing out the said section and inserting in place thereof the fo l
low ing :
Sec. 17. The mayor and aldermen or selectmen may make
regulations consistent w ith the general laws relative to the
exercise o f the trade o f bootblacking by minors, and to the sale
or barter by minors o f any goods., wares, or merchandise the
sale o f which is permitted by section fifteen, and may prohibit
such sales or such trade, or may require a minor to obtain from
them a permit therefor to be issued on terms and conditions
prescribed in such regu lation s: Provided, That in the case o f
persons under the age o f sixteen years in the cities o f the Com
monwealth the foregoing powers shall be vested in and exercised
by the school committee. No badge or permit issued to a minor
under the provisions o f this section, or o f sections eleven to
fifteen, inclusive, o f chapter eight hundred and thirty-one o f the
acts o f the year nineteen hundred and thirteen, shall authorize
the sale by a minor o f any article other than those enumerated in
section fifteen o f this chapter. A minor who sells such articles
or exercises such trade without a permit, if one, is required, or
who violates the conditions o f his permit or any provision o f said
regulations shall be punished by a fine o f not more than ten
W h o m ay
0 regula"
Violations,
76
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
dollars for each offense. Any person who, having a minor under
his control, knowingly permits him to violate any provision o f this
act, and any person wiio procures or employs a minor to viol rite
any provision o f this act, and any person wrho either for him self
or as agent o f any other person or o f any corporation knowingly
furnishes or sells to any minor any o f the articles aforesaid
with knowledge that the minor intends to sell said articles in
violation o f tlie provisions o f this act, after having received
w ritten notice from the school committee that the minor is not
authorized to sell said articles, shall be punished by a fine o f not
more than two hundred dollars or by imprisonment for not more
than six months.
S ec . 5. Chapter sixty-five, o f the Revised Laws is hereby
amended by striking out section eighteen and inserting in place
thereof the follow in g :
Unlawful emSec. 18. A parent or other person who employs a minor in
ployment.
peddling w ithout a permit or license, if one is required, or who,
having the care or custody o f a minor, permits him to engage
in such employment, shall be punished by a fine o f not more
than tw o hundred dollars or by imprisonment for not more than
six months.
Approved May 22, 1916.
C h a p t e r 303.— Minimum toage commission.
S ectio n 1. Section one o f chapter seven hundred and six o f the
acts o f the year nineteen hundred and twelve, is hereby amended
* * * so as to read as fo llo w s :
Commi s si on
Sec. 1. There is hereby established a commission to be known
established.
as the minimum w^age commission.
It shall consist o f three
persons, one o f wThom shall be an employer o f fem ale labor and
one o f whom may be a woman and one a representative o f labor,
to be appointed by the governor w ith the advice and consent o f
the council. One o f the commissioners shall be designated by
the governor as chairman. The first appointments shall be made
within ninety days after the passage o f this act, one fo r a
term ending October first, nineteen hundred and thirteen, one
for a term ending October first, nineteen hundred and fourteen,
and one fo r a term ending October first, nineteen hundred and
fifteen ; and beginning with the year nineteen hundred and thirteen,
one member shall be appointed annually for the term o f three
years from the first day o f October and until his successor is
qualified. Any vacancy that may occur shall be filled in like
manner for the unexpired part o f the term.
Approved June 2, 1916.
C h a p t e r 308.— Joint pow ers o f State boards— T ransfer.
Powers transS ectio n 1. The powers and duties o f the State board o f labor
ferred.
an(j industries and the industrial accident board, sitting jointly,
in accordance with the provisions o f chapter eight hundred and
thirteen o f the acts o f the year nineteen hundred and thirteen,
are hereby transferred to the State board o f labor and industrie.3.
Approved June 2, 1916.
RESOLVES.
C hapter
74.— Conditions
o f labor o f em ployees in hotels and
restaurants— Investigation.
State board
The State board o f labor and industries is hereby authorized
to investigate. an(j t]irected to investigate the hours and conditions o f labor pre
vailing in hotels and restaurants throughout the Commonwealth,
and particularly to inquire into and consider the questions in-
77
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- MASSACHUSETTS.
volved in certain petitions presented to the general court during
the current year, w ith accompanying bills known as House bills,
numbers one hundred and thirty-eight and thirteen hundred and
seventy-six, providing that employees o f hotels and restaurants
shall be granted one day’s rest in every seven days, and to report
the results o f its investigation, w ith recommendations for such
new legislation as may seem expedient, to the next general court
not later than the tenth day o f January.
Approved May 1, 1916.
Report,
C h a p te r 75.— Special training fo r injured persons— Investigation.
The board o f education is hereby directed to ascertain, and to Board of edureport to the next general court, on or before the second Tuesday vestigate.° m"
o f January, what facilities exist in this Commonwealth and what
provisions have been made to give special training and instruc
tion to persons who have suffered the loss o f sight, or loss o f or
in ju ry to a limb, or other severe injury, and whose earning
capacity has been destroyed or impaired thereby, fo r the purpose
o f reestablishing or increasing the ability o f such persons to earn
a livelihood, and also to investigate and report what provision has
been made or opportunity furnished fo r the objects aforesaid in
other States and in foreign countries. The board shall include Report,
in its report a statement o f its opinion as to the advisability o f
action on the part o f the Commonwealth to establish or extend
means for training and instruction as aforesaid, and shall submit
drafts o f such legislation, if any, as the board may deem ex
pedient in the premises.
Approved May 1, 1916.
C h a p t e r 157.— Commission on social insurance.
A special commission, to be composed o f two members o f the
senate to be appointed by the president, fou r members o f the
house o f representatives to be appointed by the speaker, and
three other persons to be appointed by the governor, shall sit
during the recess o f the general court, and shall be known as the
commission on social insurance. It shall be the duty o f the said
commission to study the effects o f sickness, unemployment and
old age in Massachusetts, to collect facts as to actual experience
w ith the several form s o f insurance therefor, and to recommend
to the general court such legislation as it may deem practical and
expedient to protect the wage earners o f the Commonwealth from
the burdens o f sickness, unemployment, and old age, or any one or
more o f these. The State department o f health and the bureau o f
statistics are authorized and directed to cooperate with the
commission in every way feasible in carrying out the purpose o f
this resolve, and in case either or both o f said departments shall
undertake investigations deemed necessary by the commission,
they shall be allowed fo r their necessary expenses, outside their
regular appropriations, such sums as shall be approved by the
governor and council.
The commission shall report to the next general court with
drafts o f such laws as it may recommend, and it shall file its
report with the clerk o f the senate or with the clerk o f the house
not later than the first W ednesday in January.
The commission shall have a room in the statehouse assigned
fo r its use, shall give such public hearings as it may deem neces
sary, may employ such assistance, clerical or otherwise, as it may
require, and shall receive such sums for clerical assistance, travel,
and other expenses and for the compensation o f its members as
shall be allowed by the governor and council.
Approved June 1, 1916.
Membership,
Duties,
Report,
Expenses,
78
BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
C h a p t e r 164.— Industries o f continuous operation— Investigation,
R e p o r t on
The special recess commission on social insurance established by
certain indus
chapter one hundred and fifty-seven o f the resolves o f the year
tries.
nineteen hundred and sixteen, in addition to the matters already
referred to said commission, shall study and investigate the sub
ject o f reasonable restrictions in the hours o f labor in industries
operated continuously fo r tw enty-four hours, and shall include in
its report to the next general court such recommendations, wTith
drafts o f proposed legislation, as it may deem practical and ex
pedient. A ll the provisions o f said chapter shall, so fa r as per
tinent, apply to the investigation herein authorized.
Approved June 2 , 1916.
M INIM UM W AG E COM MISSION.
Brush decree.
Standard
1. The low est time wage paid to any experienced fem ale em
wage.
ployee in the brush industry shall be 15£ cents an hour.
Learners.
2. The rate fo r learners and apprentices shall be 65 per cent
Minors.
Piece rates.
In effect.
o f the minimum, and the period o f apprenticeship .shall not be
more than one year.
3. These findings shall apply also to all minors.
4. I f in any case a piece rate yields less than the minimum time
rate, persons employed under such rate shall be paid at least 15£
cents an hour.
5. This decree shall take effect on August 15, 1914, and shall
remain in effect until altered by the commission.
August 3, 1914.
Laundry decree.
Standard
1 . N o experienced fem ale employee o f ordinary ability shall be
wage.
employed in any laundry in Massachusetts at a rate o f wages less
than $8 a week.
Experienced,
2. No fem ale employee o f ordinary ability shall be deemed in
when.
experienced w ho has been employed in laundries for one year or
more.
Year’ s em
3. A fem ale employee shall be deemed to have been employed
ployment.
in the industry fo r a year i f her absences from her place or places
o f employment during twelve months, "whether consecutive or nonconsecutive, have not been o f unreasonable duration.
4. T h e w ages o f learners and apprentices may be less than the
minimum prescribed fo r experienced em ployees: Provided,
(a )
T h at no fem ale employee o f ordinary ability who has been
employed in laundries for nine months shall be employed at a
rate o f wages less than $7.50 a week.
(&)
T h at no fem ale employee o f ordinary ability who has been
employed in laundries fo r six months shall be em ployed at a rate
o f wages less than $7 a week.
(c ) That no fem ale em ployee o f ordinary ability who has been
employed in laundries for three months shall be employed at a
rate o f w ages less than $6.50 a week.
(d ) That no other fem ale employee o f ordinary ability shall
be paid at a rate o f wages less than $6 a week.
Substandard
5. A fem ale employee o f less than ordinary ability may be paid
workers.
less than the prescribed minimum w a g e : Provided, That the con
ditions o f section 9, chapter 706, A cts o f 1912, as amended, are
complied with.
In effect.
6 . These recommendations shall take effect on September 1,
1915, on which date all fem ale employees o f ordin ary ability who
have been employed in the industry for one year or more shall be
deemed to have served an apprenticeship o f one year, and all
others shall be deemed to have begun their apprenticeship and
to be entitled to the rates as specified above.
July 1, 1915.
Learners.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- MASSACHUSETTS.
79
R etail store decree.
1. No experienced fem ale employee o f ordinary ability shall S t a n d a r d
be employed in retail stores in Massachusetts at a rate o f wages wage.
less than $8.50 a week.
Experienced,
2. No female employee o f ordinary ability shall be deemed
when.
inexperienced who has been employed in a retail store or stores
for one year or more, after reaching the age o f eighteen years.
3. A female employee shall be deemed to have been employed Y e a r ’ s e m ployment.
in the industry for a year if her absences from her place or
places o f employment during twelve months, whether consecutive
or nonconsecutive, have not been o f unreasonable duration.
4. The wages o f learners and apprentices may be less than the Learners.
minimum prescribed for experienced em ployees: Provided,
(a ) That no female employee, o f ordinary ability who has
reached the age of eighteen years shall be employed at a rate
o f wages less than $7 a week.
( b ) That no female employee o f ordinary ability who has
reached the age o f seventeen years shall be employed at a rate
o f wages less than $6 a week.
(c ) That no other female employee o f ordinary ability shall be
paid at a rate o f wages less than $5 a week.
5. A female employee o f less than ordinary ability may be paid
Substandard
less than the prescribed minimum wage provided that the condi workers.
tions o f section 9, chapter 706, Acts o f 1912, are complied with.
6 . These recommendations shall take effect on January 1, 1916, In effect.
on which date all female employees o f ordinary ability who have
been employed in the industry for one year or more after reaching
the age o f eighteen shall be deemed to have served an apprentice
ship o f one year, and a ll'oth ers shall be deemed to have begun
their apprenticeship, and to be entitled to the rates as specified
above.
September 15, 1915.
MISSISSIPPI.
ACTS OF 1916.
C h a p t er 91.— Boarding or commissary cars— Taxation.
S ection 1. The business o f operating or maintaining grab cars,
Business
boarding cars or commissaries in box cars o f tw o or more outfits 1 * taxed.
when contracted for by an individual, or corporation furnishing
or supplying employees or others with goods and merchandise,
from or in said cars or outfits, in payment o f wages or otherwise,
shall pay a privilege tax o f one hundred dollars for each county
Ih a t has a city, town or village o f ten thousand or more inhabi
tants; and for each county that has a city, town or village w ith
a population o f less than ten thousand but more than five thou
sand, the sum o f fifty d o lla r s; and for each county, with a city,
town or village o f less than five thousand the sum o f ten dollars,
in which such cars may be operated or maintained.
S ec . 2. In all cases the license shall contain the name o f the License.
person, firm or corporation to whom the license is issued, and the
license shall not be valid for any person, firm or corporation not Exemption.
named therein: Provided, This act shall not apply to any rail
road operating its own grab car or commissary car or cars from
w hich merchandise is sold to its employees only.
Approved April 3, 1916.
to
C h a p t e r 95.— Inspection o f factories— F e es.
S ection 1. Section 7 of chapter 163 o f the Acts o f 1914 is
hereby amended so as to read as fo llo w s :
Sec. 7. Every person, firm or corporation, except woodworking
establishments, and canning factories canning farm produce,
employing more than five persons in the conduct o f any mill,
factory, manufacturing establishment, or cannery within this
State where women or children are employed, shall register such
establishment with the State factory inspector each year and
pay an annual fee for such registration according to the follow
ing schedule: [The remainder o f the section is unchanged.]
Scale of fees.
C h a p t e r 228.— Railroads— Telltales at bridges, ctc.
[This act amends section 4051 o f the Mississippi Code o f 1906
by requiring telltales at bridges, etc., having a clearance o f 22
feet above the top o f the rail, instead o f 23 feet as fo rm e rly ; also
by requiring a minimum clearance o f 7 feet between the running
boards o f the cars and the lowTest projection o f the bridge or
other object, which lacking, a telltale must be erected.]
Height.
C h a p t er 239.— H ours o f labor in 7iianufacturing establishments.
S ection 1. It shall be unlaw ful for any person, firm or corpora
tion engaged in m anufacturing or repairing, to w ork their em
ployees m ore than ten hours per day, except in cases o f emer
gency, or where the public necessity requires in such departm ents:
Provided, That persons may w ork not more than thirty minutes
additional each day for the first five days o f the week, the addi
tional time so w orked to be deducted from the last day o f the
w eek: Provided, That persons who w ork at nightwork only, may
70404°— Bull. 213— 17------ 6
Ten-hour day.
81
82
B U L L E T IN
Exemptions.
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
w ork eleven and one-quarters hours for the first five nights o f the
week, beginning with Monday night, and three and three-quarter
hours Saturday night, but sixty hours shall constitute a full
w eek’s w ork under the provision [s] o f this act.
S ec . 2. Nothing in this act shall apply to railroads or their em
ployees or to public service corporations.
Approved April 7, 1916.
C h a p t e r 241. — Paym ent o f wages— Semimonthly pay day.
S ectio n 1. Section No. 1, chapter 167, o f the Law s o f 1914,
[shall] be amended to read as fo llo w s :
sem im on th ly
Section 1. Every corporation, company, association, partnerpay day.
ship, and individual person engaged in m anufacturing o f any kind
in this State, employing as many as fifty or more employees, and
employing public labor, and every public service corporation doing
business in this State shall be required to make full payment to
employees for services perform ed as often as once every tw o
weeks or tw ice during each calendar month, or on the second and
fourth Saturday, respectively, o f each month, and such payment
or settlement shall include all amounts due for labor or services
perform ed up to not more than ten days previous to the time o f
Retention.
payment, except that public service corporations shall not be
required to make payment for labor or services perform ed up to
more than fifteen days prior to the time o f payment.
Approved April 4, 1916.
C h a p t e r 245. — P rotection o f em ployees as mem bers o f the Na
tional Guard.
Pr e v e n t i n g
S ectio n 76. Any person who, either by him self or w ith another,
e mp l o y me nt , w illfully deprives a member o f the National Guard o f his employ
ment, or prevents his being employed by him self or another, or
obstructs said member o f the National Guard or his employer in
respect to his trade, business or employment, because said mem
ber o f the National Guard is such member, or dissuades any per
son from enlistment in the National Guard by threat o f injury
to him, physical or otherwise, in case he shall so enlist, shall be
guilty o f a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall be
punished by a fine o f not less than ten dollars not [nor] to exceed
live hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not less than ten days
nor more than six months, or both such fine and imprisonment.
Approved April 7, 1916.
N EW JERSEY.
ACTS OF 1916.
C h a p t e r 40.— D epartm ent o f labor.
S ec tio n 1. The department o f labor shall be reorganized and Organization,
hereafter composed o f :
First. One commissioner o f labor.
Second. One assistant commissioner o f labor.
Third. A bureau o f inspection.
Fourth. A bureau o f structural inspection.
Fifth. A bureau o f electrical equipment.
Sixth. A bureau o f hygiene and sanitation.
Seventh. A bureau o f engineers’ and firemen’s licenses.
Eighth. A bureau o f industrial statistics.
Ninth. A bureau o f employment.
S ec . 2. The commissioner o f labor shall be a citizen and resi- sio^ e® m m 1 s '
dent o f this State, appointed by the governor, by and with the
advice and consent o f the senate. H e shall hold his office for the
term o f five years and until his successor is appointed and quali
fied. He shall receive a salary o f six thousand dollars per annum.
S ec . 3. He shall be the executive and adm inistrative head o f d P?wers a n d
the department. All pow ers and duties heretofore vested in and u ies‘
devolved upon the commissioner o f labor or the department o f
labor shall hereafter be exercised and perform ed by him in person
or under his personal supervision and control, through and by
any bureau or representative thereof, duly authorized by the
commissioner o f labor for that purpose. W hen not inconsistent
with the provisions o f any statute, he shall assign to the various
bureaus and cause to be perform ed through them, under his
supervision and in his name, such duties as may have been or
hereafter may be devolved generally upon the department o f labor
or upon the commissioner o f labor, to the end that through the
several bureaus, each perform ing its assigned correlated functions,
the w ork o f the department shall be econom ically, efficiently and
promptly perform ed.
S ec . 4. The bureau o f inspection shall consist o f an assistant Bureau of incommissioner o f labor, w ho shall be appointed by the commissioner sPectlono f labor. The assistant commissioner o f labor, in the absence o f
the commissioner shall execute his powers and perform his duties.
The salary o f the assistant commissioner o f labor shall be three
thousand dollars per annum. There shall also be nineteen inspec
tors, o f whom three at least shall be women. One inspector shall
have practical knowledge and skill in the w ork in and operation
o f mines and quarries, and one shall be a practical baker. The
inspectors shall be appointed by the commissioner o f labor, and
each shall receive a salary o f fifteen hundred dollars per'annum.
Sec. 5. The bureau of inspection shall perform such duties as
the commissioner of labor shall assign and require, under the
supervision and control of the commissioner of labor.
Duties,
S ec . 6 . The bureau o f structural inspection shall consist o f a B u r e a u o f
chief inspector who shall be a structural expert, and who shall be le c tio n *11 *n
appointed by the commissioner o f labor. The salary o f the chief
inspector o f this bureau shall be tw o thousand dollars per annum.
There shall be one inspector attached to this bureau, who shall
be appointed by the commissioner o f labor, at the salary o f fifteen
hundred dollars per annum.
83
84
B U L L E T IN
Duties.
OP T H E B U B E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Sec. 7. The bureau o f structural inspection shall perform , under
the supervision and control o f the commissioner o f labor, such
duties as may be assigned to it by the commissioner o f labor,
relating to plans for the alterations o f old and the erection o f
new buildings, elevators, fire escapes, fire protection, and such
additional correlated duties as the commissioner may direct.
B u r e a u of
Sec. 8. The bureau o f electrical equipment shall consist o f a
e 1ectrical
chief inspector, who shall be appointed by the commissioner o f
equipment.
labor. The salary o f the chief inspector o f electrical equipment
shall be tw o thousand dollars per annum. In addition to the chief
inspector, there shall be one inspector, who shall be appointed
by the commissioner o f labor, at the salary o f fifteen hundred dol
lars per annum.
Duties.
Sec. 9. The bureau o f electrical equipment shall, under the
supervision and control o f the commissioner o f labor, perform
such duties in matters related to fire-alarm installations or other
electrical equipment as the commissioner shall direct.
B u r e a u of
Sec. 10. The bureau o f hygiene and sanitation shall consist of
hygi ene and
a chief inspector, w ho shall be appointed by the commissioner of
sanitation.
labor. The salary o f the chief inspector shall be tw o thousand
dollars per year. In addition to the ch ief inspector, this bureau
shall consist o f an expert investigator o f occupational diseases,
at the salary o f fifteen hundred dollars per annum, and one in
spector, who shall be a person having practical knowledge and
skill as a metal polisher and buffer, who shall be appointed by the
commissioner o f labor at the salary o f fifteen hundred dollars per
annum.
Duties.
Sec. 11. The bureau o f hygiene and sanitation shall perform ,
under the supervision and control o f the commissioner o f labor,
the duties devolving upon the department o f labor or the com
missioner o f labor, with relation to the elimination o f dust, fumes,
and excessive heat in industrial operation, and the ventilation o f
factories, mills, workshops and places where the manufacture o f
goods is carried on, as assigned and directed by the commissioner
o f labor, and such additional duties correlated thereto as he shall
direct.
Bu r e a u of
Sec. 12. The bureau o f engineers’ and firemen’s licenses shall be
engineers’ and
f i r e m e n ’ s li constituted in the manner and form prescribed by and subject
to all the provisions o f an act entitled “ An act to provide for the
censes.
examination and license o f engineers and firemen having charge
o f stationary and portable steam boilers and steam engines, and
to prohibit the use o f such steam boilers and steam engines unless
the person in charge thereof shall be so licensed,” approved April
fourteenth, one thousand nine hundred and thirteen, and the
amendments thereof and supplements thereto, and shall continue
Duties.
to exercise and perform the powers and duties conferred and de
volving upon them by the provisions o f that act. This bureau
shall also perform , under the supervision and control o f the com
missioner o f labor, such additional correlated duties as the com
missioner shall direct.
Bureau of
Sec. 13. The bureau o f industrial statistics shall consist o f a
industrial sta chief o f the bureau, who shall be appointed by the commissioner
tistics.
o f labor. The salary o f the chief o f the bureau shall be twentyfive hundred dollars per annum.
Sec. 14. The bureau o f industrial statistics shall perform , under
Duties.
the supervision and control o f the commissioner o f labor, the
duties form erly vested in the bureau o f labor statistics pursuant
to the provisions o f an act entitled “ An act to establish a bureau
o f statistics upon the subject o f labor, considered in all its rela
tions to the growth and development o f State industries,” ap
proved March twenty-seventh, one thousand eight hundred and
seventy-eight, and the amendments thereof and supplements
thereto, which bureau is now merged with the department o f
labor, and, in addition, shall publish and issue bulletins and
pamphlets on matters pertaining to the work o f the bureau and
perform such other duties as may be assigned to said bureau by
the commissioner o f labor.
LABOR LEG ISLA TIO N OF 1916---- N E W
JE R S E Y .
8-5
S ec . 15. The bureau o f employment shall be constituted as conBureau of
templated by an act o f the legislature entitled “ An act to author- emPloymentize the department o f labor to establish free labor bureaus, and
providing for their maintenance,” approved March tenth, one
thousand nine hundred and fifteen, except that the commissioner
o f labor shall appoint a chief o f the bureau and fix his compensa
tion and appoint such additional clerks and employees as may be
necessary, and fix their compensation. By the bureau thus or
ganized, the powers and duties devolved upon the department o f
labor in and by the said act shall be exercised and perform ed.
S ec . 16. The commissioner o f labor shall appoint and assign to
Office force,
duty such clerks and stenographers as he may consider necessary,
and fix their compensation. A ll offices and employments, except
that o f the commissioner o f labor, in the department shall be
w ithin the classified service o f the State, subject to all the provi
sions o f the civil-service act.
S ec . 17. The commissioner o f labor may assign or transfer
Transfer o f
stenographers or clerks from one bureau to another, or inspectors employees,
from one bureau to another, or combine the clerical force o f two
or more bureaus, as may be necessary or advisable, or require
from one bureau assistance in the w ork o f another bureau. The
system o f organization hereby created is intended to facilitate
and not to retard the econom ical and efficient perform ance o f the
w ork o f the department, and not to impair the control or responsi
bility o f the commissioner over and fo r such work.
S ec . 18. Upon this act taking effect, the present commissioner o f . Present offilabor, who shall continue to hold his office in accordance with the cials» etcprovisions o f this act, shall proceed to reorganize the department
o f labor as provided by this act. A ll the inspectors and other em
ployees and appointees now in the service o f the department shall
continue in such service. The present commissioner o f labor shall
make all necessary appointments, assignments, and transfers from
the inspectors, experts, employees, clerks and stenographers now
in the employ o f the department, and fill any positions required to
be filled after such transfer or assignment, in accordance with the
provisions o f the civil-service act.
S ec . 19. The commissioner o f labor may appoint and employ Additional apsuch additional inspectors, expert investigators or advisers, at Pointees.
such compensation and for such period as he may consider neces
sary. He may also appoint volunteer inspectors, to serve without
compensation. All persons appointed under this section shall
have the same rights and powers as the regular inspectors.
S ec . 20. The term o f office o f the present commissioner o f labor
T e r m exis hereby extended, and he shall continue to hold and execute his tended,
office for a fu ll term o f five years from the date o f issue o f his
present commission, and until his successor, at the end o f the term
o f five years from the date o f the present commission, shall be
appointed and qualified.
S ec . 21. All officers and employees or appointees in this depart- Expenses,
ment shall, in addition to their compensation, be reimbursed for
their actual and necessary expenses incurred in the perform ance
o f their duties.
S ec . 22. All acts and parts o f acts inconsistent herewith are Repeal,
hereby repealed, and this act shall take effect immediately.
Passed March 14, 1916.
C h a p t er 242.— Em ploym ent o f children— Part-tim e w orkers.
S e c t io n 1. It shall be law ful for the commissioner o f education
Students i n
and the commissioner o f labor to grant an “ Age and schooling J^^ois 1 ° n a 1
certificate ” to pupils who study part time in vocational schools
established under the provisions o f chapter 294 o f the laws o f
nineteen hundred and thirteen, to w ork in factories, workshops,
mills and all places where the m anufacture o f goods is carried
on, if said pupils shall be above the age o f fourteen y e a r s ; the
said children to be employed part time in a factory, workshop
or mill designated by the board o f education, said employment
86
of
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U K E A U OF LABOK STA TISTICS.
E e v o c a t i o o to be considered as a part o f the schooling o f said ch ild ren : P ro
certificates.
vided, That either the said comm issioner o f education or the said
commissioner o f labor may revoke the said certificate at any
time w ithout assigning any cause fo r said revoca tion : Provided,
That nothing in this act shall be construed to permit children
to be employed fo r more than eight hours in any one day or more
Working time. than six days in any week and in accordance with the provisions
o f chapter 252, P. L. 1914, being “ An act to amend an act entitled
‘An act regulating the age, employment, safety, health and w ork
hours o f persons, employees and operatives in factories, w ork
shops, mills and all places where the m anufacture o f goods o f
any kind is carried on, and to establish a department for the
enforcem ent thereof,’ approved M arch tw enty-fourth, one thou
sand nine hundred and fou r,” which ameaded act w as approved
April seventeenth, one thousand nine hundred and fourteen.
Approved March 21, 1916.
C h a p t e r 260.— E levators— S a fety provisions.
Interlocking
devices.
S ection 1. Every elevator moving in a vertical shaft, used fo r
carrying passengers now existing and in use, or hereafter con
structed or installed, shall, w ithin tw o years after this act be
comes effective, have placed thereon or attached thereto some
interlocking device that w ill autom atically prevent the elevator
car from being moved in either direction until the shaft door o r
gate at which the elevator car is standing is closed and securely
fastened.
Approval.
S ec . 2. Every device, before being used or installed under the
provisions o f this act, in any building w hich comes w ithin the
jurisdiction o f the State department o f labor, under the labor
laws o f this State, shall have the approval o f the State commis
sioner o f labor. Every device before being used or installed in
any other building under the provisions o f this act, shall have
the approval o f the State commissioner o f labor, except in mu
nicipalities having a regularly appointed building inspector, in
w hich ease the approval o f said building inspector shall be suffi
cient.
Enforcement.
S ec . 3. The said commissioner o f labor or the building inspector,
as the case might be, shall enforce the provisions o f this act by
order in w riting served upon the owner or owners, tenant or
lessee o f any building coming within the operation o f this act,
specifying the directions to be executed and the time lim ited for
the completion thereof. Any person, firm or corporation neglecting
to comply w ith the terms o f such order within the time therein
limited, or any extension thereof granted by the said commis
Penalties.
sioner or building inspector, shall be liable to a penalty o f one
hundred dollars fo r such failure and to a further penalty o f ten
dollars for each day that shall elapse after the expiration o f
the time lim it until compliance is made with the terms o f such
order. Such penalties shall be cumulative, and more than one
penalty may be recovered in the same action.
Approved M arch 22, 1916.
D E PA R TM E N T OF LAB O R : FAC TO R Y, ETC., REGU LATIO N S.
Railing Guards.
Height.
Structure.
S t a n d a r d g u a r d No. 1, r a i l i n g (to be used only when placed 18
inches or more from any m oving p a rt). Standard No. 1 guards
shall consist o f a railing at least 3 feet 6 inches in height, and
shall be o f the double-run type with one rail 3 feet 6 inches from
the floor, and an intermediate rail m idway between the top rail
and floor. Such rails and supports or uprights shall be con
structed o f l|-inch standard iron pipe, or o f angle iron 1 ^ inches
by l i inches by * inch. Uprights shall be spaced not more than
8 -foot centers, and the entire railing shall be rigidly braced. Rail-
LABOR LEG ISLA TIO N OE 1916---- NEW J E R S E Y .
87
mgs constructed o f wood, shall not be used, except by special per
mission granted by the commissioner o f labor.
W hen ordered by the commissioner, spaces between rails shall
be filled in w ith w ire mesh, expanded metal or other material to
be specified by him.
T oe boards 6 inches in height shall be provided when ordered Toe boards.
by the commissioner. The installation o f toe boards is mandatory
in the case o f all guards installed around flywheel pits, plat
forms, hoistways, hatchways and all floor openings.
Standard guard No. 2 (to be used for guards 4 feet or more in
height fastened to the floor and w ithout other support or bracing.
To be used in all oth er cases when specified by the commissioner
o f la b or).
These guards are to consist o f iron fram ew ork w ith / suitable Structure.
filling material, thus furnishing complete protection around mov
ing parts.
Uprights to be
inches by
inches by i inch angle iron, one
at each corner o f the guard, top edge o f the guard to be o f the
same construction.
Filling m aterial to be held in place by means o f f-in ch by ^-inch
flat fastened to angle by means o f ts-inch bolts or rivets spaced
not m ore than 10 -inch centers, or by means o f w ooden strips 1
inch by 1 inch fastened to the angle by means o f A -in ch bolts, or
in any other manner acceptable to the commissioner. Perforated
or solid sheet metal may be bolted or riveted directly to the angle,
or may fee spot welded to the same.
When the No. 2 guard is used around a floor opening, the lower
section shall be constructed o f sheet metal not lighter than No. 18
gauge extending at least 6 inches above the floor. W here the
guard is so located as to be exposed to heavy truck traffic, it is
recommended that the entire low er section be constructed o f heavy
metal.
Frame w ork o f l i inches open seam tubing may also be used
for this type o f guard, the filling material in this case to be
clamped in the seam o f the tubing.
The filling material in the No. 2 guard shall be as given under
the. heading “ filler ” to follow .
Standard guard No . 3 (to be used for guards, no dimension o f
which is greater than 3 feet, or for larger guards which can be
supported or braced at least every 3 feet, and in other cases, when
specified by the commissioner).
The general construction o f this guard shall be similar to that
outlined under the previous heading, except that angles may be
f inch by f inch by ^ inch or largeT. Iron pipe \ inch inside
diameter, o r f-inch open seam tubing m ay be used.
W oven w ire guards using square or diamond mesh w ire not
lighter than No. 12 gauge, on supports o f §-inch round rods, may
be used w ithout other fram ew ork in cases where a No. 3 guard
is required, provided there is no unbraced area o f w ire greater
than 36 inches by 36 inches, and provided further that supports
are placed not m ore than 3 feet apart. The square mesh woven
w ire is to be not greater than 1-inch mesh, and in the case o f the
diamond weave, the width o f the diamond must be not greater
than 1 inch.
Perforated or solid sheet metal No. 22 gauge may be used
without fram ew ork, provided the guard contains no unbraced
area greater than 24 inches by 24 inches. F or larger areas No.
18 or No. 20 gauge metal must be used. All guards o f this
character w ithout fram ew ork must be provided with sufficient
supports and braces to hold them rigidly in place.
The filling material in the No. 3 guard shall be as given under
the heading “ filler ” to follow .
Standard guard N o. 4 (gear guard) — These guards shall be
constructed o f perforated or sheet metal not lighter than No. 22
gauge, or o f any o f the filling m aterials approved by the depart
ment, with suitable angle iron or similar reinforcement.
Same.
game.
88
B U L L E T IN
Material.
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
F iller — Filling material shall be not larger than $-inch mesh
wire cloth, or i-in ch expanded metal, or perforated metal with
i-inch round holes when guards are placed within 4 inches o f
a moving part.
The follow ing table shows the various filling materials approved
by the department, and indicates the least allowable area for
each m aterial for which no additional reinforcem ent is required.
The follow ing figures apply to guards with substantial iron fram e
work.
Material.
Allowable
area in inches,
i-inch galvanized iron w ire cloth, not smaller than No.
18 gauge (galvanized after w ea v in g )________________ 24
l-in ch expanded metal lath, No. 24 gauge, not less than
1 pound per square fo o t_________________________ -____24
£-inch No. 18 expanded metal,
pound per square fo o t__36
f-in ch expanded metal, not lighter than No. 15 gauge,
not less than f pound per square fo o t_______________ 48
W oven w ire not lighter than No. 12 gauge, 1 inch square
mesh, or diamond mesh w ith width o f diamond not
more than 1 inch_______________________________________ 48
Perforated or sheet metal No. 22 gauge________________ 36
Perforated or sheet metal No. 18 gauge__________________48
Fastenings.
Edges.
by 24
by 24
by 36
by 48
by 48
by 36
by 48
W here the total area of a guard exceeds the amounts given
above, reinforcem ent shall be provided to bring the area w ithin
the figure specified for the material under consideration.
G eneral — In this specification all gauge numbers mentioned
fo r sheet metal are U. S. standard, and all numbers for mesh
w ire are English standard or B. W. G.
All guards shall be permanently and substantially fastened
in place, and where it is necessary to have access to any part
o f machinery covered by the guard, portions o f such guard may
be arranged to swing or slide. No part o f the guard shall be
detachable except by permission o f the commissioner o f labor.
A ll sharp edges o f filling material shall be thoroughly pro
tected, and where hand holes or doors are provided in guards,
the edges shall be reinforced and protected in such a manner
as to be entirely safe.
Sheet metal not lighter than No. 24
gauge may be used for such protection.
Guards fo r transmission machinery.
All projecting set screws shall be countersunk or replaced with
set screws o f safety type, or shall be protected by guards w ith
smooth, cylindrical surfaces.
All collars shall be cylindrical, and shall contain no projecting
Collars.
screws or bolts.
All exposed keys shall be made flush or guarded. All keyKeys.
ways within 36 inches o f a bearing shall be filled or guarded.
All shaft couplings shall be o f the safety type, w ith bolts
Couplings.
and nuts countersunk or protected by a flange. Clamp couplings
and ja w clutch couplings shall be protected by cylindrical sleeves.
All shaft couplings not o f the safety type, and all friction clutch
couplings shall be encased with a standard guard.
Means shall be provided for stopping shafting in each room
Stopping de
vices.
or department, and throw-out devices shall be installed as ordered
by the commissioner o f labor. Such devices shall be approved
friction clutches, tight and loose pulleys, or approved engine
stop installations, the latter to be equipped with stations suitably
located throughout the building.
Tight and loose pulleys or friction clutches shall be provided
Pulleys.
on all machines not individually m otor driven. Approved belt
shifters shall be provided for all tight and loose pulleys.
Operating levers for belt shifters or friction clutches shall be
Levers.
so hung that the force o f gravity will tend to, keep the belt on the
Set screws.
LABOR LEG ISLA TIO N OF 1916---- N E W
JE R S E Y .
89
loose pulley, or to keep the clutch disengaged. Belt shifters o f
the positive type, which lock in either position are recommended.
A suitable alarm signal should be provided to notify all opera Signals.
tives before shafting is started.
Any portion o f an overhead shaft, belt, pulley, rope drive or O v e r h e a d
other m oving part which is 7 feet or less from the floor or plat shafts, etc.
form level, or which must be approached when in motion by any
employee for any purpose whatever, shall be encased w ith a
standard guard.
All projecting shaft ends shall be cut off or guarded.
All belts 6 inches or more in width, and 7 feet or more from the Belts.
floor, and which are located so that they would endanger persons
below in case o f breakage, shall be securely guarded underneath,
and such guards shall extend to the w all or ceiling in such manner
as to retain the belt should it break.
There shall be no passageway between the upper and low er
parts o f a belt, except by special permission o f the commissioner
o f labor. In such cases, he shall specify the manner in which
such passageways shall be protected.
All pulleys located within 36 inches o f a bearing shall be en Pulleys to be
tirely encased on the side toward the bearing in all cases where cased, when.
bearings are not self-oiling, and when specifically ordered by the
commissioner.
I f possible, pulleys shall be so located that the distance between Belt space.
pulley and bearing, or between any two pulleys, is greater than
the width o f the widest belt used. W here this spacing can not be
secured, the spaces between pulleys, or between pulley and bear
ing, shall be guarded to prevent a belt wedging in the space
referred to. Belt hangers shall be provided for idle belts.
Vertical
All vertical shafts and all vertical or inclined belts shall be
shafts, etc.
guarded with a standard guard to a height o f at least 6 feet above
the floor level, except in cases where the guard can be placed 18
inches or more from any moving part, when a standard 3-|-foot
railing may be provided.
All shafts, pulleys, belts, rope drives, chain drives, sprockets or General pro
other dangerous moving parts o f transmission machinery which visions.
are less than 7 feet above the floor or platform level shall be
guarded as fo llo w s :
I f the guard can be placed 18 inches or more from any mov
ing part, a standard 3|--foot railing may be provided.
I f the guard is to be placed less than 18 inches from the m oving
parts, it shall encase them from a point 2 inches below the lowest
m oving part to a point 6 feet above the floor or platform level.
When all o f the moving parts are less than 6 feet above the
floor or platform level, the guard need not extend to a height o f
6 feet, but in such cases the guard shall completely encase the
moving parts on the top and sides.
Where belts pass through the floor or where any guard is lo
cated around a floor opening, such guard shall extend to the floor
level, and shall be equipped with a 6-inch solid section or toe board
at the floor.
No mesh larger than
inch shall be used on guards located
within 4 inches o f a m oving part.
W herever possible, gears shall be completely encased. W here Casing.
such method o f protection is not feasible, gears shall be pro
tected at least to the root o f the teeth.
All exposed sprockets and chains shall be completely encased.
The factory chief or some other responsible person should make Inspection.
periodical inspections o f all transmission machinery, and should
see that oilers and other employees w orking about such machinery
do their w ork in a safe and efficient manner. Repairs should be
made only when machinery is shut down, and no hand oiling
should be done, except when machinery is shut down. Care should
be taken to see that employees are properly cloth ed; and loose or
ragged sleeves and flowing neckties should be avoided.
90
B U L L E T I N O F T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Records o f all inspections -of transmission machinery and also
records o f all repairs should be kept, as such inform ation w ill be
found to be o f value to the purchasing department.
Removing
The law provides that no person shall remove or make in
guards.
effective any safeguard around or attached to machinery, unless
for .the purpose o f immediately making repairs thereto. All such
safeguards -so removed must be promptly replaced. T h e penalty
for violation o f this section is $50. In some cases it may be ad
visable to direct the attention o f the employees to the penalty
above m entioned; but in general it should be the aim o f every
employer to secure the cooperation o f his employees in adopting
safe methods, and in using machine guards for the purposes for
which they are intended.
A ll safeguarding o f transmission machinery shall be done in
Variations.
accordance with the foregoing specification, and no other construc
tion w ill be permitted, except upon written application to the
commissioner o f labor, which application must be accompanied
by a draw ing or sketch showing the exact method to be used.
NEW YORE.
ACTS OF 1916.
C h a p t e r 62.— F actory, etc., regulations— F irep roof construction.
S ection 1. Subdivision one o f section seventy-nine-f o f chapter
* * * thirty-one o f the Consolidated Laws, as added by chapter
fou r hundred and sixty-one o f the laws o f nineteen hundred and
thirteen, is hereby amended to read as follow s:
1.
F ireproof con stru ction : A building shall be deemed to be o f What is firefireproof construction if it conform s to the follow in g require-Proof construem en ts: All walls constructed o f brick, stone, concrete, or terra lon‘
c o tta ; all floors and roofs o f brick, terra cotta or reinforced con
crete placed between steel or reinforced concrete beams and
g ird e rs; all the steel entering into the structural parts encased in
at least two inches o f fireproof material, excepting the wall
columns, which must be encased in at least eight inches of
masonry on the outside and four inches on the in side; all stair
wells, elevator wells, public hallways, and corridors inclosed by
fireproof p a rtition s; all doors, firep roof; all stairways, landings,
hallways and other floor surfaces o f incombustible m a teria l; no
w oodw ork or other combustible material used in any partition,
furring, ceiling or flo o r ; and all window frames, doors, and sash,
trim and other interior finish o f incombustible m a teria l; all
windows shall be fireproof w indows except that in buildings under
seventy feet in height fireproof windows are required only when
within thirty feet o f another building or opening on a court or
space less than thirty feet wide and except further that any
window not within thirty feet in a direct line o f another building
not in the same vertical plane, nor opening on a court or space
less than thirty feet wide, nor within fifty feet in a vertical direc
tion above the roof o f a building within thirty feet, may be pro
vided with plate glass not less than one-fourth o f an inch in thick
ness, no light o f which shall exceed seven hundred and twenty
square inches in a r e a ; except that in buildings under one hundred
feet in height there may be wooden sleepers and floor finish and
wooden trim, and except that in buildings under one hundred and
fifty feet in height heretofore constructed there may be wooden
sleepers, floor finish and trim and the windows need not be fire
proof windows, excepting when such windows are within thirty
feet o f another building.
Became a law M arch 21, 1916.
C h a p t e r 151.— H onrs o f labor— Violations.
[This act amends section 1271, chapter 40, o f the Compiled Laws
by striking out from the provisions for punishment for violations
o f the eight-hour law in public works that paragraph which pro
vides for forfeitu re o f the contract, being the final paragraph o f
the section. See the next chapter.]
C h a p t e r 152.— Em ploym ent on public works.
S e c t i o n 1. Section three o f chapter
* * * thirty-one o f the
Consolidated Law s * * * is hereby amended to read as fo l
low s:
91
92
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
g e c. 3 . Eight hours shall constitute a legal day's w ork for all
classes o f employees in this State, except those engaged in farm
and dom estic service, unless otherwise provided by law. T h is
section does not prevent an agreement for over w ork at an in
creased compensation, except upon w ork by or fo r the State or a
m unicipal corporation or by contractors or subcontractors there
with. Each contract to which the State or a m unicipal corpora
tion or a commission appointed pursuant to law is a party which
may involve the employment o f laborers, workmen, or mechanics
shall contain a stipulation that no laborer, workman, or m echanic
in the employ o f the contractor, subcontractor, or other person
doings or contracting to do the whole or a part o f the w ork contem
plated by the contract shall be permitted or required to w ork
more than eight hours in any one calendar day, except in cases
o f extraordinary emergency caused by fire, flood, 01* danger to life
wages.
or property. The wages to be paid for a legal day’s w ork as
hereinbefore defined to all classes o f such laborers, workmen, or
mechanics upon all such public works, 01* upon any material to be
used upon or in connection therewith, shall not be less than the
prevailing rate fo r a day’s w ork in the same trade or occupation
in the locality w ithin the State where such public w ork on, about,
or in connection w ith which such labor is perform ed in its final
or completed form is to be situated, erected, or used. Each sucli
contract hereafter made shall contain a stipulation that each such
laborer, workman, or mechanic employed by such contractor, sub
contractor, or other person on, about, or upon such public w ork
Violations.
shall receive such wages herein provided for. Any person or cor
poration who violates any provision o f this section shall be guilty
o f a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be punished, for a
first offense, by a fine o f five hundred dollars or by imprisonment
fo r not more than thirty days, or by both such fine and im prison
ment ; for a second offense by a fine o f one thousand dollars, and
in addition thereto the contract on which the violation has oc
curred shall be forfeited, and no such person or corporation shall
be entitled to receive any sum, nor shall any officer, agent, or
employee o f the State or o f a municipal corporation pay the same
or authorize its payment from the funds under his charge or
control to any such person or corporation for w ork done upon
any contract on which the contractor has been convicted o f a
second offense in violation o f the provisions o f this section.
Exceptions.
Nothing in this section shall be construed to apply to stationary
firemen in State hospitals nor to other persons regularly em ployed
in State institutions, except mechanics, nor shall it apply to
engineers, electricians, and elevator men in the department o f
public buildings during the annual session o f the legislature, nor
to the construction, maintenance, and repair o f highways outside
the limits o f cities and villages.
Sec. 2. Section four of said chapter is hereby amended to read
as follows:
Violations by
Sec. 4. Any officer, agent, or employee o f this State or o f a
officials.
municipal corporation therein having a duty to act in the premises
who violates, evades, or knowingly permits the violation or eva
sion o f any o f the provisions o f this chapter shall be guilty o f
malfeasance in office and shall be suspended or removed by the
authority having power to appoint or remove such officer, agent,
or em ployee; otherwise by the governor. Any citizen o f this State
may maintain proceedings for the suspension or rem oval o f such
officer, agent, or employee who knowingly permits the violation
o f any o f the provisions o f this chapter.
Sec. 3. Section twenty-one of said chapter is hereby amended to
read as follows:
Enforcement.
Sec. 21. The commissioner o f labor shall enforce all the pro
visions o f this article. He shall investigate complaints made to
him o f violations o f such p rovision s; and if he finds that such
complaints are well founded, he may issue an order, directed to
the person or corporation complained of, requiring such person
E ig h t-h o u r
ay*
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916----NEW YORK.
93
or corporation to comply with such provisions, or he may present
to the district attorney o f the proper county all the facts ascer
tained by him in regard to the alleged violation, and all other
papers, documents, or evidence pertaining thereto which he may
have in his possession. The district attorney to whom such pre
sentation is made shall proceed at once to prosecute the person
or corporation for the violations complained o f pursuant to this
chapter and the provisions o f the penal law. I f complaint is
made to the commissioner o f labor that any person contracting
with the State or a municipal corporation for the perform ance o f
any public w ork fails to comply with or evades the provisions o f
this article respecting the payment o f the prevailing rate o f wages,
the requirements o f hours o f labor, or the employment o f citizens
o f the United States or o f the State o f New York, the commis
sioner o f labor shall, if he finds such complaints to be well
founded, present’ evidence o f such noncompliance to the officer,
department, or board having charge o f such work. Such officer,
department, or board shall thereupon take the proper proceedings
to enforce compliance with the provisions o f this article.
Became a law April 7, 1916.
C hapter
278.— Em ploym ent o f children— Certain
forbidden.
em ploym ents
S ection 1. Section
fou r hundred and eighty-five o f chapter
* * * forty o f the Consolidated Laws, is hereby amended so as
to read as follow s:
Sec. 485. A person who employs or causes to be employed, or Exhibitions,
who exhibits, uses, or has in custody, or trains for the purpose o f
exhibition, use, or employment o f any child actually or apparently
under the age o f sixteen years, or who, having the care, custody,
or control o f such a child as parent, relative, guardian, employer,
or otherwise, sells, lets out, gives away, so trains, or in any w ay
procures or consents to the employment, or to such training, or
use, or exhibition o f such c h ild ; or who neglects or refuses to
restrain such child from such training or from engaging or acting,
either—;
1. As a rope or w ire walker, gymnast, wrestler, contortionist,
rider, or acrobat, or upon any bicycle or similar mechanical
vehicle or con trivan ce; or
2. In begging or receiving or soliciting alms in any manner or
under any pretense, or in any mendicant occu p ation ; or in gather
ing or picking rags, or collecting cigar stumps, bones, or refuse
from m a rk ets; or in ped d lin g ; or
3. In singing; or dancing; or playing upon a musical instru
ment ; or in a theatrical ex h ib ition ; or in posing or acting, or as
a subject for use in or for, or in connection with, the making o f a
motion-picture film ; or in any wandering occu pation ; or
4. In any illegal, indecent, or immoral exhibition or p ra ctice ;
or in the exhibition o f any such child when insane, idiotic, or when
presenting the appearance o f any deform ity or unnatural physical
form ation or developm ent; or
5. In any practice or exhibition or place dangerous or injurious
to the life, limb, health, or morals o f the child, is guilty o f a
misdemeanor. But this section does not apply to the employment
Exceptions,
o f any child as a singer or musician in a church, school, or acad
emy ; or in teaching or learning the science or practice o f m u sic;
or as a musician in any concert or in a theatrical exhibition or in
posing or acting, or as a subject for use, in or for, or in connection
with, the making o f a m otion-picture film with the written con- Motion - picsent o f the mayor o f the city, or the president o f the board o f ture actmy.
trustees o f the village where such concert or exhibition takes
place. Such consent shall not be given unless forty-eight hours’
previous notice o f the application shall have been served in w rit
ing upon the society mentioned in section four hundred and ninetyone o f 7this chapter, if there is one within the county, and a hear-
94
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
ing had thereon, if requested, and shall be revocable at the w ill o f
the authority giving it. It shall specify the name o f the child,
its age, the names and residence o f its parents or guardians, the
nature, time, duration, and number o f perform ances permitted,
together with the place and character o f the e x h ib ition ; and where
any child is to be employed in the making o f a motion-picture
film it shall provide that the child is to be employed only in the
manner described and set forth in the statement in w riting sub
mitted with the application, as hereinafter provided. Any person
applying for such consent for the use or employment o f any such
child or children in any place in the State, in posing or acting
fo r or as a subject for use in or in connection with the making o f
a motion-picture film shall submit with such application a true
and accurate statement in w riting setting forth and describing in
detail the entire part to be taken and each and every act and thing
to be done and perform ed by such child in the making o f such
film to the local official having authority to issue such permits or
o f any such society having jurisdiction in such place. But no
such consent shall be deemed to authorize any violation of* the
first, second, fourth, or fifth subdivision o f this section.
Became a law April 24, 1916.
C h a p t e r 424.— Railroads, etc.— Illiterate em ployees.
S e c tio n 1. Section nineteen hundred and eighty-two o f article
one hundred and seventy-eight o f chapter * * * forty o f the
Consolidated Law s is hereby amended to read as fo llo w s :
able^to^rea^f
^ec* 1982. ^ shall
a misdemeanor fo r any person, firm, or
etc.
’ corporation engaged in the operation o f a railroad within this
State, whereon steam or electricity is used as a motive power, to
employ in or about the operation o f any engine, train, or trains
any engineer, assistant engineer, fireman, engine foreman, hostler,
trainman, or flagman who is unable to read the time-tables of
such railroad and ordinary handwriting in the English language
or unable to speak, hear, and understand the English language, or
to see and understand the signals required by the book o f rules
governing the operations o f the engines and trains on such rail
road ; or for any person, firm, or corporation in his own behalf, or
in the behalf o f any other person or corporation, knowingly to
employ or use a person so unable to read, speak, hear, and under
stand the English language, or to see and understand the signals
aforesaid as such engineer, assistant engineer, fireman, engine
foreman, hostler, trainman or flagm an ; or to employ a person as
a telegraph operator who is under the age o f eighteen years, or
who has less than one year’s experience in telegraphing, to
receive or transmit a telegraphic message or train order for the
movement o f tr a in s: Provided, how ever, That this section shall
not apply to flagmen at street or highway crossings.
Became a law May 4, 1916.
C h a p t e r 465.— Em ploym ent o f children— General provisions.
certificate1?
611
S ectio n 1. Section seventy-one o f chapter * * * thirty-one
o f the Consolidated Law^, * * * is hereby amended to read as
. fo llo w s :
$ ec- 71. Such certificate shall be issued by the commissioner o f
health or the executive officer o f the board or department o f
health o f the city, town, or village where such child resides or is
to be employed, or by such other officer thereof as may be desig
nated by such board, department, or commissioner fo r that pur
pose, upon the application o f the parent, guardian, or custodian
o f the child desiring such employment. Such officer shall not
issue such certificate until he has received, examined, approved
and filed the follow ing papers duly executed, n am ely : The school
record o f such child properly filled out and signed as provided in
this article; also, evidence o f age showing that the child is four-
LABOK LEGISLATION OF 1916— NEW YQBH,}
95
teen years old or upwards, which shall consist o f the evidence
thereof provided in one o f the follow in g subdivisions o f this sec
tion and w hich shall be required in the order herein designated
as fo llo w s :
(&)
Birth certificate; passport or baptismal certificate; A duly Evidence.]
attested transcript o f the birth certificate filed according to law
w ith a registrar o f vital statistics o r other officer charged with
the duty o f recording b irth s; or a passport; or a duly attested
transcript o f a certificate o f baptism show ing the date o f birth o f
such child.
<b ) Other docum entary ev id en ce: In case it shall appear to the
satisfaction o f the officer to whom application is made, as herein
provided, fo r an employment certificate, that a child fo r whom
such certificate is requested and who has presented the school
record, is in fa ct over fourteen years o f age, and that satisfactory
docum entary evidence o f age ean be produced, w hich does not fall
w ithin any o f the provisions o f the preceding subdivisions o f this
section, and that none o f the papers mentioned in said subdi
visions can be produced, then and not otherwise he shall present
to the board o f health o f w hich he is an officer or agent, for its
action thereon, a statement signed by him showing such facts,
together with such papers as may have been produced before him
constituting such evidence. T h e comm issioner o f health, or when
officially authorized, the issuing officer o f the board or department
o f health may then accept such evidence as sufficient as to the
age o f such child, and a record o f such evidence shall be fully
entered on the minutes o f the board at the next meeting thereof.
( c ) Physicians'’ certificatesi In cities o f the first class only, in Physicians’
case application fo r the issuance o f an employment certificate 0 1 ca
shall be made to such officer by a child’s parent, guardian, or
custodian who alleges his inability to produce any o f the evidence
o f age specified in the preceding subdivisions o f this section, and
if the child is apparently at least fourteen years o f age, such
officer may receive and file an application signed by the parent,
guardian, or custodian o f such child fo r physicians’ certificates.
Such application shall contain the alleged age, place, and date o f
birth, and present residence o f such child, together w ith such fu r
ther facts as may be o f assistance in determining the age o f such
child. Such application shall be filed for not less than sixty days
after date o f such application for such physicians’ certificates, for
an examination to be made o f the statements contained therein,
and in case no facts appear w ithin such period or by such exam i
nation tending to discredit or contradict any m aterial statement
o f such application, then and not otherwise the officer may direct
such child to appear thereafter for physical examination before
tw o physicians officially designated by the board o f health, and
in case such physicians shall certify in w riting that they have
separately examined such child and that in their opinion such
child is at least fourteen years o f age such officer shall accept
such certificates as sufficient p roof o f the age o f such child for
the purposes o f this section. In case the opinions o f such phy
sicians Co not concur, the child shall be exam ined by a third
physician and the concurring opinions shall be conclusive for the
purpose o f this section as to the age o f such child.
Such officer shall require the evidence o f age specified in sub- P r e f e r r e d
division <a) in preference to that specified in any subsequente ence*
subdivision and shall not accept the evidence o f age permitted by
any subsequent subdivision unless he shall receive and file in ad
dition thereto an affidavit o f the parent showing that no evidence
o f age specified in any preceding subdivision or subdivisions o f
this section can be produced. Such affidavit shall contain the
age, place and date o f birth, and present residence o f such child*
which affidavit must be taken before the officer issuing the em
ployment certificate, who is hereby authorized and required to ad
m inister such oath and who shall not demand or receive a fee
therefor.
96
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
P e rso n a l
p e aran ce.
ap
Such employment certificate shall not be issued until such child
further has personally appeared before and been examined by the
officer issuing the certificate, and until such officer shall, after
making such examination, sign and file in his office a statement
that the child can read and write correctly simple sentences
in the English language and that in his opinion the child is
fourteen years o f age or upwards and has reached the normal
development o f a child o f its age, and is in sound health and is
physically able to perform the w ork which it intends to do. Every
such employment certificate shall be signed, in the presence o f the
officer issuing the same, by the child in whose name it is issued.
In every case, before an employment certificate is issued, such
physical fitness shall be determined by a medical officer o f the
department or board o f health, who shall make a thorough physi
cal examination o f the child and record the result thereof on a
blank to be furnished for the purpose by the industrial commis
sion and shall set forth thereon such facts concerning the physical
condition and history o f the child as the industrial commission
may require.
School rec In case the evidence o f age, filed as in this section provided,
ords.
shows such child to be fourteen years old but fails to show such
child to be fifteen years old,' no employment certificate shall be
issued unless such child, in addition to complying w ith all the
requirements o f this section and producing the school record de
scribed in section seventy-three, shall also present a certificate o f
graduation properly issued in the name o f such child, from a
public elementary school, or school equivalent thereto or parochial
school, or a preacadem ic certificate issued by the regents, or a
certificate o f the completion o f an elementary course issued by
the education department.
Sec. 163. [Identical with sec. 71.]
Act in effect.
S ec . 3. This act shall take effect February first, nineteen
hundred and seventeen.
Became a law May 9, 1916.
C h a p t e r 466. — Factory, etc., regulations— P rotection against fire.
S ection 1. Section eighty-three-a o f chapter
* * * thirtyone o f the Consolidated Laws, as added by chapter three hundred
and thirty o f the laws o f nineteen hundred and twelve * * *
is hereby amended to read as fo llo w s :
Sec. 83-a. 1. Every factory building over tw o stories in height
in wThich more than twenty-five persons are employed above the
Signal s y s ground floor shall be equipped with a fire-alarm signal system
tems.
with a sufficient number o f signals clearly audible to all occu
pants thereof, except in buildings in which every square foot
o f the floor area on all stories is protected w ith an autom atic
sprinkler system having tw o adequate sources o f water supply and
approved by the public authorities having jurisdiction, and in
which also the maximum number o f occupants on any . one floor
does not exceed by more than fifty per centum the capacity
o f the exits as determined by subdivisions one, two, three, four,
five, six, and seven o f section seventy-nine-e o f this chapter. The
industrial board may make rules and regulations prescribing
the number and location o f such signals. Such system shall be
installed by the owner or lessee o f the building and shall permit
the sounding o f all the alarms within the building whenever the
alarm is sounded in any portion thereof. Such system shall be
maintained in good working order. No person shall tamper with,
or render ineffective any portion o f said system except to repair
the same. It shall be the duty o f whoever discovers a fire to
cause an alarm to be sounded immediately.
Drills.
2.
In every * factory building over tw o stories in height in
which more, than twenty-five persons are employed above the
ground floor, a fire drill which w ill conduct all the occupants o f
such building to a place o f safety and in which all the occupants
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- NEW YORK.
o f such building shall participate simultaneously shall be con
ducted at least once a month, except in buildings in which every
square foot o f the floor area on all stories is protected w ith an
autom atic sprinkler system having tw o adequate sources o f w ater
supply and approved by the public authorities having jurisdiction,
and in which also the maximum number o f occupants on any
one floor does not exceed by more than fifty per centum the
capacity o f the exits as determined by subdivisions one, two,
three, four, five, six, and seven o f section seventy-nine-e o f this
chapter.
In the city o f New Y ork the fire commissioner o f such city,
and elsewhere the industrial board, shall make rules, regulations,
and special orders necessary or suitable to each situation, and in
the case o f buildings containing more than one tenant, necessary
or suitable to the adequate cooperation o f all the tenants o f
such building in a fire drill o f all the occupants thereof. Such
rules, regulations, and orders may prescribe upon whom shall rest
the duty o f carrying out the same. Such special orders may
require posting o f the, same or an abstract thereof.
3. In the city o f New York the fire commissioner o f such city,
and elsewhere the commissioner o f labor, is charged with the duty
o f enforcing this section.
Became a law May 9, 1916.
97
Enforcement
C h a p te r 504.— M others' pensions— Boards o f child welfare.
S e ction 1. Section one hundred and fifty o f chapter * * *
twenty-four o f the Consolidated Laws, as added by chapter two
hundred and twenty-eight o f the law s o f nineteen hundred and
fifteen, is hereby amended to read as fo llo w s :
Sec. 150. The board o f child w elfare o f a city w holly including Appointment
one.or more counties shall consist o f nine members. The members
o f the board shall be appointed by the mayor for such terms that'
the term o f one member o f the board shall expire each year there
after. Upon the expiration o f th e'term o f office o f a member of
the board, his successor shall be appointed by the mayor for a full
term o f nine years. I f a vacancy occur, otherwise than by expira
tion o f term in the office o f a member o f the board, it shall be
filled for the unexpired term. At least three members o f the
board shall be women. The members o f such a board heretofore
appointed by the mayor are continued in office until the expira
tion o f their terms, respectively.
The additional appointive
member o f such board shall be appointed by the mayor, within ten
days after this section as amended takes effect, for a fu ll term
o f nine years.
Sec. 2. Subdivision four of section one hundred and fifty-two
of such chapter, as added by chapter two hundred and twentyeight of the laws of nineteen hundred and fifteen, is hereby
amended to read as follows:
4. Establish rules and regulations for the conduct o f its busi D u t y o f
boards.
ness, which shall provide for the careful investigation o f all appli
cants for allowances and the adequate supervision o f all persons
receiving allowances, such investigations and supervisions to be
made by the board and without incurring any unnecessary ex
pense. Reports must be filed at least quarterly by the agents,
visitors, or representatives o f the board with respect to the fam i
lies receiving allowances granted by the board.
Became a law May 10, 1916.
C h a p t e r 586.— Em ploym ent offices—B ureau o f farm
settlem ent.
S ection 1. * * * Chapter one o f the Consolidated Laws is
hereby amended by inserting therein, after article eleven, a new
article, to be article eleven-a, to read as fo llo w s :
70404°— Bull. 213— 17-------7
98
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
A rticle 11-A .
lishedaU estab'
See. 266. There shall be in the department o f agriculture a
bureau o f farm settlement. The head o f such bureau shall be a
director, who shall be appointed by the commissioner o f agricul
ture. Such director shall exercise his pow ers and duties subject
to the supervision and control o f the commissioner. The com
missioner shall employ such clerical and other assistants as are
needed to enable such director to properly exercise his pow ers and
duties. The salary and compensation o f such director and assist
ants shall be fixed by the commissioner within the amount ap
propriated therefor by the legislature. They shall also receive
their actual necessary expenses incurred in the perform ance o f
their duties, within the amount appropriated.
See. 267. The director shall—
Duty of direci. Form ulate plans for and prom ote the settling by desirable
tor‘
immigrant rural laborers with their fam ilies in farm ing sections.
2. Secure from the proprietors o f farm lands proposals re
lating to the sale or leasing o f such lands for the above purposes
and the employment o f such laborers on farms.
3. Obtain and disseminate inform ation and data relating to
such laborers, and especially their availability for farm ing and
farm labor.
4. Assist in the organization o f local societies and associations
fo r the prom otion o f farm settlements by such laborers and for
the collection o f inform ation and data fo r the use o f the director.
5. Communicate with prospective immigrant laborers in any
part o f the w orld and present the inducements and advantages
offered for settlement and employment on farm s in this State
and bring about intercom munication between them and proprie
tors o f farm lands.
6 . Expedite the making o f agreements o f sale, leasing, or em
ployment between proprietors o f farm lands and such laborers.
7. Negotiate and arrange for the im migration and settlement o f
such farm laborers.
Became a law May 18, 1916.
C h a p t e r 587.— Em ploym ent offices.
Theatrical en[This act amends section 183 o f chapter 20 o f the Compiled
gagements.
Laws, relating to securing contracts fo r theatrical employments
and permits the use o f a statement in an approved form in lieu o f
a contract. Section 185 is also amended so as to permit the divi
sion o f fees fo r theatrical engagements, where such division w ill
be without injury or loss to the applicant for a position.]
IN D U S T R IA L BO AR D RU LES AN D RE GU LATIO N S.
R u l e N o. 2
(as amended, 1916).— In spection and regulation o f
factories— Staimvaps in certain factories.
To
what
Except as herein provided, in all factory buildings five stories
DiicabhfS aP or less in height, erected prior to October 1, 1913, in w hich there
1
*
are more than twenty-five persons employed above the second
floor, all interior stairways, serving as required means o f exit,
aad the landings, platforms, and passageways connected there
with, shall be inclosed on all sides by partitions o f fire-resisting
m aterial extending continuously from the lowest point o f the
stairw ay in accordance with the follow ing schedule:
99
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- NEW YORK.
Number of
stories.
Contents com
bustible, no
sprinkler.
Contents non
combustible, no
sprinkler.
Contents com
bustible and
sprinkler.
Three.......... Stairways in
closed.
Four........... .......do................ Stairways in
closed.
Five............ .......do................ .......do................ Stairwaj^s
closed.
Contents non
combustible and
sprinkler.
in
The term “ contents ” as used above means articles, goods,
wares and merchandise, packed, stored, manufactured or in the
process o f manufacture.
The term “ combustible ” as used above means articles, goods,
wares or merchandise which w ill burn or support combustion.
The term “ sprinkler ” as used above means an adequate auto
matic sprinkler equipment installed and maintained in good
w orking order on each floor.
W here the stairway extends to the top floor o f the building,
such partitions shall extend to three feet above the roof, except
in buildings with roofs o f noncombustible material, in which case
the partitions may stop at the under side o f the roof.
All openings in such partitions shall be provided with self-clos
ing doors constructed o f fire-resisting material, except where such
openings are in the exterior w all o f the, building.
The bottom o f the inclosure shall be o f fireproof material at
least four inches thick unless the partition extends to the cellar
bottom.
Such inclosure o f stairways shall not be required where there
is an interior inclosed fireproof stairway, or where there is an
exterior inclosed fireproof stairway.
A horizontal exit, as defined in section 79-f, subdivision 9 o f the
Labor Law, w ill be accepted as a compliance with this rule.
Definitions.
Partitions.
Inclosures.
Exits.
R u le No. 4. — F ire escapes as means of exit.
W hen in accordance with the provisions o f section 79-b-l o f the
Labor Law, a fire escape is accepted as a required means o f exit
on buildings erected prior to October 1, 1913, such fire escape
shall conform to the follow ing requirem ents:
(a ) Fire escapes hereafter erected on buildings five stories or Construction ;
less in height constructed prior to October 1, 1913, w ill not furnish n e w instailasafe and adequate means o f escape for the occupants in case o f tions.
fire in buildings in which there are more than twenty-five persons
employed above the second floor unless such fire escapes comply
with the provisions o f section 79-b-4, and in addition thereto, there
is at least one opening on each and every floor leading to the
balcony with an unobstructed width o f at least two feet and an
unobstructed height o f at least six feet which shall be protected
by a self-closing fire door or a fireproof casement window, extend
ing to the floor level or within six inches thereof. Fire escapes
hereafter erected on buildings five stories or less in height, con
structed prior to October 1, 1913, in which there are less than
twenty-six persons employed above the second floor, shall comply
with the provisions o f section 79-b-4.
( 1)) Fire escapes erected prior to October 1, 1913, on buildings 01d instana.
five stories or less in height, w ill not furnish safe and adequate tions.
means o f escape for the occupants in case o f fire in buildings in
which there are more than twenty-five persons employed above the
second floor, unless said fire escapes comply with the provisions
o f section 79-b-5, and in addition thereto there shall be at least
one opening on each balcony with an unobstructed width o f at
least two feet and an unobstructed height o f at least six feet,
except where fireproof windows have been installed, which permit
100
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
o f an unobstructed opening three feet w ide by three feet high . 1
W here steps are required on the inside o f a factory leading to the
opening as above specified, the top step shall be not less than six
inches, nor more than twelve inches below the level o f the sill.
The w idth o f the balconies shall be not less than thirty-six inches.
The balconies, wellholes, and connecting stairs shall be properly
guarded with railings at least three feet high. Passages between
guard railings and projecting parts o f the building shall be not
less than fourteen inches in the clear. Connecting stairs and w ell
holes shall be not less than eighteen inches in the clear. Treads
shall be flat, at least six inches in width, and substantially con
structed. F ire escapes erected prior to October 1, 1913, on build
ings five stories or less in height, in w hich there are less than
twenty-six persons employed above the second floor shall comply
w ith the provisions o f section 79-b-5 and w indow s must permit o f
an unobstructed opening o f three feet w ide by three feet high.
i
C om p lia n ce
(c ) On buildings five stories or less in height, erected prior to
required.
October 1, 1913, fire escapes w hich do not com ply w ith the above
requirements, w ill not afford adequate and safe means o f escape
for the occupants o f such buildings in case o f fire, and w ill not be
accepted as a required means o f exit.
Higher build{d ) Fire escapes hereafter erected on buildings six, seven,
ings; new in-eight, and nine stories in height, constructed prior to October 1,
sta a ions.
1913 ^ shall comply w ith the provisions o f section 79 -b-4 , and in
addition thereto, w ith the follow ing requirem ents: The balconies
and stairs shall be screened on the outside to a height o f at least
five feet above the landings and the center o f the treads. The
screening may consist o f No. 10 U. S. gauge w ire with not more
than one and one-half inch mesh, or bars at least one-half inch
in diameter placed not more than six inches between centers, or
with grille wTo r k ; all to be substantially installed and braced.
Old installa( e ) F ire escapes erected prior to October 1, 1913, on buildings
tlons*
six, seven, eight, and nine stories in height, shall comply w ith the
provisions o f section 79-b-4, except that openings leading to bal
conies may be at or about w indow sill lev el; and except that
balconies shall not be less than three feet w ide and except that,
if the building is not more than six stories high, the connecting
stairs may be at an angle not to exceed 60 degrees from the hori
zontal. Steps shall be provided on the inside o f the factory lead
ing to openings. Balconies and stairs shall be screened as pre
scribed ill subdivision “ d ” o f this rule.
Buildings
( / ) F ire escapes w ill not be accepted as a required means o f
stories 6 n 1 11 e exit on buildings more than nine stories in height.
‘
(g ) F ire escapes serving as required means o f exit shall be
etc. S rUC 10nS, kept f ree f rom snow, ice, and all obstruction. They shall be main
tained structurally safe and kept well painted.
Eg r e s s t o
( h ) I f there be safe egress from the r o o f to an adjoining or
roof.
near-by structure, the fire escapes shall be continued to the roof.
F a ctory elevators and hoistways.
Future instaiR ule 400. B efore any elevator shall hereafter be installed or
lations.
reconstructed, the owner o f the building, or the person contract
Definitions.
ing to make such installation or reconstruction, shall file w ith
the commissioner o f labor plans showing the type and general
arrangement o f the machinery and equipment as w ill be installed.
L ifting capacity and speed o f elevator must be specified on plans.
R u le 401. The term “ passenger or em ployees’ elevator,” as used
in these rules, shall be construed to mean an elevator either o f
the passenger or freight type on w hich passengers or employees
are generally permitted to ride.
The term “ freight elevator ” shall be construed to mean an ele
vator on w hich no one except the operator and employees neces
sary fo r loading and unloading the elevator are permitted to ride.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- NEW YORK.
101
The term “ dumb w aiter ” shall include such special form o f
elevator the dimensions o f w hich do not exceed sixteen (16)
square feet in horizontal section and fou r (4 ) feet in height and
w hich is used exclusively for the conveyance o f small packages
and merchandise.
R ule 402. Existing hoistways used fo r passenger and employees’ Hoistway in
elevators shall have inclosures extending from floor to ceiling closures; pason all sides where there are door openings into the car. The tors.S ° 6 eV&'
door openings in the hoistway inclosures shall have gates or doors
that w ill fu lly guard and protect the opening. On all other sides
o f the hoistway where there are no openings into the car the hoist
w ay shall be inclosed not less than six feet high. Such hoistway
shall be inclosed by walls, windows, screens, or partitions.
R ule 403. Existing hoistways, or hoistways reconstructed in an Freight elevao]d building, used for freight elevators, shall have inclosures n ottors*
less than six feet high on all sides of the hoistway where there
are no openings into the car; no inclosures will be required on the
sides of the hoistways that have openings into the car other than
the protection specified in rules on hoistway gates or doors.
H oistw ay ledges shall have smooth bevel guards set directly
under all projections as specified in rule 405.
R ule 404. For future installations in new buildings, the hoist- .New instaiiaway inclosures for all passenger [s] and employees, and for freighttionselevators shall extend from floor to ceiling on all sides and on each
story of the hoistway.
The inclosure shall be set close to the hoistway line, allowing
only necessary space for the doors and their fastenings between
the inclosures and the edge o f the floor sill.
The hoistway door openings shall have gates or doors that w ill
fu lly guard and protect the openings.
Such hoistw^ay inclosures, gates, and doors shall in all respects
comply with the requirements prescribed fo r the prevention o f
fire by the Labor Law.
R u le 405. All ledges or floors in front o f car openings that Ledges,
p roject m ore than one ( 1 ) inch from the inside o f the hoistway
inciosure shall be fitted w ith smooth beveled guards set directly
under the projections. The slope o f the guard shall be at least
eighty (80) degrees from the horizontal wherever local conditions
w ill permit. No beveled guards shall be permitted w ith slope less
than sixty (60) degrees from horizontal.
R ule 406. In existing and future installations sliding hoistway G a t e s
or
gates or doors used for passenger and employees’ elevators shall dopr®-g s e n „ e r
be full automatic, manually operated, self-closing, or equipped elevators,
with interlocking devices. W hen doors are manually operated,
they shall be fitted w ith a substantial lock or latch and so
arranged that they can not be opened from the outside, except
with a key. This rule shall also apply to vertical sliding gates
or doors, except that doors so constructed that a section slides up
and a section slides down shall be provided with a device which
will prevent the car from leaving the landing until the gates or
doors are closed.
R u le 407. Vertical or horizontal sliding gates or doors for Freight eievafreight elevators that were installed previous to the adoption o f torsthese rules may remain in place as installed, provided the gates
or doors are sufficiently high and strong for the particular require
ments where they are used.
W hen gates are less than five feet six inches (5 ' 6 " ) high and
are set closer than twelve ( 1 2 ) inches from the hoistway line,
telltale chains not less than fou r (4 ) feet long and six ( 6 ) inch
centers shall be suspended from the landing edges o f the car
platform.
R ule 408. Hinged or swinging gates or doors may be used for
Swinging
elevators that carry passengers and employees or fo r freight ele- sates,
vators. Such gates or doors shall be manually operated or selfclosing ; when manually operated, they shall be provided with
electric contact or such other devices, approved by the eommis-
102
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOE STATISTICS.
sioner o f labor, as w ill insure the gates or doors being closed and
locked before the car can start from the landing. When such
doors or gates are self-closing, auxiliary gates o f approved type
shall be provided.
W hen manually operated double-swinging doors or gates are
used, the closing o f electric contact devices shall be dependent on
the closing o f each door.
When an electrical contact device is used it shall be provided
with an inclosed switch in the car to tem porarily short-circuit the
contact w iring in cases o f emergency.
K eys shall be available fo r unlocking such gates or doors from
the outside in emergency cases.
R ule 409. The crossbars T>f vertically sliding inclosure gates or
Crossbars.
doors for freight elevators shall be sufficiently strong to resist one
hundred and fifty (150) pounds pressure at the middle o f the span
without permanent deform ation o f the gate or door or their fa s
tenings. The bars o f the gate shall be spaced so there w ill not be
more than tw o ( 2 ) inches between the bars.
Sliding gates.
R ule 410. Vertical sliding hoistway gates or doors hereafter
installed fo r freight elevators shall be self-closing or manually
operated, and if manually operated shall be equipped w ith a
device wiiich w ill insure the doors or gates being closed before the
car leaves the landing. W hen set less than tw elve ( 1 2 ) inches
from the hoistway line, they shall be not less than five feet six
inches (5 ' 6 " ) high and not more than ten (10) inches above the
floor; when it is im practicable to com ply with these provisions
the commissioner o f labor shall have authority to m odify this
rule to suit individual conditions.
Same.
R ule 411. Vertical sliding hoistway gates or doors hereafter
installed for freight elevators shall be self-closing or manually
operated, and if manually operated shall be equipped with a
device which w ill insure the doors or gates being closed before
the car leaves the landing.
W hen set twelve (12) or more
inches from the edge o f the hoistway line they shall be not less
than three feet six inches (S' 6 " ) high and not more than ten
( 1 0 ) inches from the floor; w7hen it is im practicable to comply
with these provisions the commissioner o f labor shall have
authority to m odify this rule to suit individual conditions. T ell
tale chains not less than (4 ) feet long shall be suspended twTo (2 )
inches from the edge o f the car platform sills and spaced six ( 6 )
inches between centers across the width o f the opening. WThen
autom atically operated trapdoors are used in the hoistway, it
will be unnecessary to provide telltale chains attached to the car
platform.
Trapdoors.
R ule 412. A utom atically operated trapdoors so constructed as
to form a substantial floor surface when closed, and so arranged
as to open and close, by the action o f the car in its passage both
ascending and descending, shall be perm itted: Provided, That in
addition to such trapdoors the hatchway shall be adequately pro
tected on all sides at all floors, including the basement, by a sub
stantial railing or other vertical inclosure at least three feet six
inches ( 8 ' 6 " ) h igh ; such railing or vertical inclosure shall be
placed at least twelve ( 1 2 ) inches from the hoistway line on a lt
sides o f the hoistway.
Grille work.
R u le 413. In all cases where the law or rules permit grille w ork
inclosing the shaft or car, it shall be o f substantial material and
construction, properly braced and fastened, and unless otherwise
specified in these rules, there shall not be more than one and oneh alf ( 1 1 ) inch space between any tw o ( 2 ) members o f said grille
work, except that where plain straight bars are used, not filled in
with scroll, there shall not be more than one ( 1 ) inch space
between m em bers: Providing, That in existing installations where
the spaces exceed those specified in this rule it shall be deemed
satisfactory i f the grille w ork is made safe by suitable screen or
w ire mesh fastened to the hoistway or car inclosure.
%
LABOR LEGISLATION OE 1916---- NEW YORK.
103
R u l e 414. Passenger or em ployees’ elevator car door openings
Passenger
shall have doors or gates that shall be kept closed while the car cars'
is in motion, unless the hoistway inclosures and doors on the open
sides o f the elevator are set so there is no more than three (3 )
inches clearance between the car platform and the hoistway
inclosures and door at all points throughout the car travel.
No locks w ill be required on the car gate or door adjacent to
the operator. All other gates or doors in the car, except emer
gency exits, shall have latches or locks that w ill prevent their
being opened, except when the car is at the landing, or they
shall have electrical contacts or other approved devices that w ill
stop the car in case any such gate or door is opened.
R u l e 415. The cars o f all elevators used for carrying passenT r a p d o o r in
gers or employees shall be substantially inclosed on all sides top.
including the top, and shall have a trapdoor in the top o f the
car o f such size as to afford easy egress for passengers or
employees. W here tw o (2 ) or more cars are in the same shaft,
emergency doors may be provided in the side o f each car so that
passengers or employees may pass from one car to another in
case o f emergency. The car r o o f shall be, sufficiently strong to
support the weight o f a man.
R ule 416. The liftin g capacity o f elevators hereafter installed
Lifting ca
used for carrying passengers or employees shall be not less than pacity.
seventy-five (75) pounds fo r each square foot o f car floor area.
R ule 417. All freight cars shall have substantial inclosures Freight cars,
not less than five feet six inches (5 ' 6 " ) high on all sides not
used for loading and unloading. W hen the inclosure is made o f
slats or bars the spacing shall be close enough to prevent a foot
or hand being thrust through into the path o f the counterweight
or projections in the hoistway.
R u l e 418. The top o f freight elevators s h a l l b e provided with
Tops,
a substantially constructed cover or grating made o f not less
than No. 8 gauge w ire and not more than one and one-half (11)
inch mesh, or its equivalent in strength. No part o f such cover
or grating or o f its supports shall b e placed across the top o f a
freight car w ithin eight ( 8 ) inches o f the hoistway on its open
sides, unless the car opening is equipped w ith a gate or door.
Sections o f the cover may be arranged to swing upwards fo r
handling bulky material.
R ule 419. Freight elevators hereafter installed in factory buildLifting caings where more than one hundred ( 1 0 0 ) people are employed pacity.
on one floor, in order to be available in case o f emergency shall
be capable o f safely low ering a live load o f not less than fifty
(50) pounds per square foot o f its platform area.
R u l e 420. F o r e x i s t i n g p o w e r e l e v a t o r s , e x c e p t c a r r i a g e h o i s t s
D ep th of p its,
a n d s i d e w a l k t y p e e l e v a t o r s , th e, h o i s t w a y p i t s h a l l h a v e s u f f i c i e n t
d e p th so th e c a r m a y sto p le v e l w ith th e la n d in g a t th e lo w e s t
t e r m in a l w h e n d e s c e n d in g e m p ty , a n d s h a ll n o t s t r ik e th e b o t t o m
o f t h e p i t w h e n d e s c e n d i n g w i t h a f u l l c a p a c i t y lo a d i n t h e c a r .
R u l e 421. In future installations there shall be, not less than
Clearance
six ( 6 ) inches clearance between the under side o f the car fram e f ^ ve and be"
and the pit fo r cars o f fifty (50) feet or less normal speed, and
the clearance shall be increased six ( 6 ) inches for every fifty
(50) feet additional normal car speed. Three, ( 8 ) feet clearance
between the under side o f the car fram e and the pit shall be the
maximum space required. Buffers shall be installed in the pit
to bring the car to rest without serious shock. The hoistway shall
have sufficient headroom to permit the car when empty to ascend
and stop on the terminal autom atic stops, and for cars o f normal
speed o f one hundred ( 1 0 0 ) feet or less per minute the clearance
between the car fram e and the ceiling to overhead beams shall be
not less than eighteen (18) inches; for each fifty (50) feet
increase in normal car speed the, clearance shall be not less than
six ( 6 ) inches additional. Five (5 ) feet clearance between the top
o f the car fram e and the overhead grating ceiling or beams
shall be the maximum space required when the car is at its top
landing.
104
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Cl e a r a nc e
R ule 422. In future installations the clearance space between
weight.UI1
the top o f the counterweight anti the overhead beams when the
car strikes the pit buffers shall not be less than eighteen (18)
inches for cars o f one hundred ( 100 ) feet per minute, and the
clearance space shall be six ( 6 ) inches additional for every fifty
(50) feet increase in normal car speed. Three (3 ) feet shall
be the maximum clearance required, except for installations where
the descending car has its speed diminished when entering the
pit by long stroke buffers or other devices in addition to the usual
machine slow-down. In such cases allowance may be made for
the car retardation and the clearance correspondingly decreased.
Safety equip- R ule 423. All elevators that are used for carrying passengers
ment*
or employees, and all freight elevators, unless otherwise specified
in these rules, shall have safety devices o f types approved by the
commissioner o f labor, that w ill grip the guide rails and retard
and hold the car w ith its full load, whenever the safeties are
released or applied. In future installations, the safety devices
shall be located under the car platform.
Speed g ov erR u l e 424. All elevators installed after these rules take effect
3aor*
shall be equipped w ith a speed governor whose action w ill trip
and release the safeties whenever the car attains a dow nw ard
speed o f not more than tw o hundred ( 2 0 0 ) feet per minute for
elevators whose normal speeds are not over one hundred and fifty
(150) feet per minute, and for greater car speeds the governor
shall release the safeties before the car has attained a downward
speed not more than forty (40) per cent in excess o f the normal
car speed. No governor or governor* rope fastening shall be set
or fastened in the path o f the elevator. The governor and safe
ties shall be o f a type, and capacity approved by the commissioner
o f labor.
Car safeties w ill not be required on direct plunger elevators,
nor for sidewalk type elevators which travel not more than thirty
(30) feet between terminal landings.
Lighting.
R u l e 425. The cars shall be properly lighted at all times when
they are in service; artificial illuminants shall be used when
necessary.
R u l e 426. The car switch, lever or other controlling devices
Location o f
controlling de- in elevators hereafter installed shall be located so the operator
vices.
can readily handle the controller while facing the principal car
opening. This rule shall also apply to existing installations when
deemed necessary by the commissioner o f labor.
Same.
R u l e 427. The car switch, lever or hand rope used for con
trolling the car shall be placed near one o f the main loading
sides o f the platform . W here a hand rope or other controlling
device is located outside o f the car platform a slot or section may
be cut out o f the car inclosure to enable the operator to reach and
operate the controller.
Guards.
R ule 428. A substantial grating to carry a load o f not less than
five hundred (500) pounds shall be installed under the overhead
sheaves and in any open spaces over an elevator hoistway that is
not otherwise protected,
R ule 429. W henever a freight elevator is used w ithout a regu
Locking devices.
lar operator it must be provided w ith a locking device that w ill
hold the controller in “ stop position ” while the car is being
loaded or unloaded.
R ule 430. All power-driven elevators hereafter installed shall
Ropes.
have no less than tw o ( 2 ) hoist ropes and tw o ( 2 ) ropes attached
to each counterweight. All passenger or employees’ elevators
shall have hoist and counterweight ropes and their fastenings
with factor o f safety when new o f not less than eight ( 8 ) and on
freight elevators the factor o f safety shall not be less than six ( 6 ),
based on the total weight supported by the ropes when the elevator
is loaded to its fu ll rated capacity. H oist ropes or cables shall be
replaced when they become unsafe from wear, bruise or fracture.
The ends o f all hoist ropes shall be securely fastened and there
shall be not less than one full turn thereof on machine drums.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- NEW YORK.
105
R ule 431. All hoisting machinery used in connection w ith an
Factors
o£
elevator shall have sufficient strength and power for the service
for which it is used and shall be so equipped as to insure safe
operation. A ll elevators shall have lim it stopping devices in the
hoistway and on the machine and they shall be kept adjusted so
as to autom atically bring the car to rest at both lim its o f travel.
R u l e 432. Gate or door counterweights shall be guarded on all c o u n t e r exposed sides.
weights.
R ule 433. In future installations, all counterweights shall have Tip ron<*
their sections strongly secured together w ith tie rods passing
through all the weights.
R ule 434. W here there is danger o f physical injury to persons ® u a f d s at
by contact with counterweights at the bottom o f the counterweight
om ’
runway, the weights shall be guarded on both sides with sub
stantial metal shields made o f not less than No. 16 gauge iron or
steel plates, or other material o f equal strength. The height from
the floor to the top o f the shields shall be not less than six feet
six inches ( 6 ' 6 " ) and the shields shall extend to within eighteen
inches o f the floor. In existing installations where the clearance
space between the car and the counterweight is insufficient to in
stall a metal shield, the counterweight may be guarded on one side
only w ith a metal shield o f the same height as above or a w all or
partition. W here the counterweight is guarded on one side only,
four (4 ) telltale chains not less than four (4 ) feet long shall be
suspended from the bottom o f the counterweight.
R ule 435. At the upper terminal o f the counterweight runway At top.
the counterweights used for elevators w ith drum type machines
shall be guarded for a distance o f eight ( 8 ) feet from the over
head beams.
R ule 436. Counterweight guards at the upper terminal w ill not
Exemptions,
be required for elevators operated by plunger or piston type o f
hydraulic machines with fixed stroke, nor for elevators with
traction rope drive where the counterweight can not be drawn
into the overhead beams.
R ule 437. Counterweights that pass through the floors outside , , ° P e, n J.n £ 8
o f the hoistway shall be guarded throughout their entire travel.
roug
oors*
R ule 438. Power-driven carriage-type hoists, installed prior to
Carriage
January 1, 1915, where the platform has hoist ropes fastened to its hoists,
fou r corners, and w ithout overhead car beam and car safeties,
may be used for travel not exceeding fifty (50) feet between ter
minal landings.
H oistw ays for such carriage hoists shall be
guarded in the same manner as hoistways used fo r freight eleva
tors. (See Rule 403.) No person shall be permitted to ride on
such hoists, and signs to that effect shall be posted on the
inclosure.
R ule 439. H and-power operated elevators may be used for travel el
P°wer
not to exceed seventy-five (75) feet between terminal landings.
The car shall be provided w ith safeties that w ill immediately stop
and hold the car with its full load if the hoist ropes should break.
An inclosure not less than five feet six inches (5 ' 6 " ) high shall
be placed on all sides o f the platform not used for loading or un
loading, unless the vertical hoistway inclosure is run continuous
from floor to ceiling on all sides o f the hoistway. Telltale chains
fou r (4 ) feet long and six ( 6 ) inch centers shall be suspended
from the landing edges o f the platform if the hoistway gates are
less than five feet six inches (5 ' 5 " ) high.
R ule 440. Slots not more than ten (10) inches wide and not less O p e r a t i n g
than tw o ( 2 ) feet from the floor may be cut out o f the hoistway slots*
inclosure in order to facilitate the operation o f the pull rope from
the landing floor. W hen the pull rope is located in front o f the
elevator entrance the inclosure gate may be two feet six inches
(2 ' 6 " ) high from the floor: Provided, That telltale chains not
less than fou r (4 ) feet long and six ( 6 ) inch centers are sus
pended from the bottom o f the car platform across the full width
o f the opening.
106
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
R u l e 441. In future installations no elevator or hoistway shall
be permitted to descend into a passageway. A fter January 1,
1916, in existing installations, where it may be necessary to main
tain a passageway under an elevator or hoistway, there shall be
provided a substantial floor or bulkhead with not less than seven
(7 ) feet headroom from the floor o f the passage. The lowest
terminal o f such elevator shall be above the bulkhead.
Exits f r o m
R u le 442. In all factory buildings there shall be passageways
ottom.
or unobstructed means o f exit leading from the elevator to the
outside of the building when the elevator is at the lowest point
o f its travel.
Signs.
R ule 443. All elevator cars shall have a conspicuous sign which
shall show the load that can be safely carried on the elevator.
Maintenance.
R ule 444. All parts o f the elevator machinery and the hoistway
and car safeties shall be kept in good condition and shall be
regularly inspected by some person competent to perform such
service. M onthly inspection reports showing the condition o f the
elevator and hoistway shall be prepared and signed by the person
making such in spection ; the reports shall be made on a form pre
scribed by the-commissioner o f labor and shall be kept on file fo r
his examination.
Operators.
R u le 445. Every elevator used fo r carrying passengers or em
ployees must be in charge o f a competent and reliable operator
not less than eighteen years o f age. This rule shall not apply to
push-button or autom atically operated type elevators.
Exit
facili-
OHIO.
O RD ERS OF TH E IN D U S T R IA L COM MISSION.
Mines.
All superintendents, mine bosses, mine foremen, or any persons D u t i e s o f
exercising supervisory power over employees who have supervi- IJJtg retcte n d *
sion over the general safety o f the miners, must fam iliarize them
selves with the mining laws o f the State o f Ohio and see that
all rules and regulations are lived up to for the purpose o f pro
moting greater safety to life, limb and property—and they w ill
be held strictly responsible.
R u le 1. A ll means o f ingress and egress to the mines must be Entrances,
kept safe and sanitary— free from loose stone and other lurking
dangers.
R ule 2. The rules governing haulage trips where men are hauled H a u l a g e
to and from work, must be properly observed.
rules.
R u l e 3. W here men are lowered and hoisted in and out o f the
Hoisting
mine, neither tools nor explosives are permitted in the cage with workmen,
men. The number in the cage must not exceed ten— the number
fixed by law.
R u l e 4. The necessary timber must be located at suitable and
Timber,
convenient places in the mine for those requiring same.
R ule 5. Stone or loose draw slate must be taken down or prop- stone, etc.
erly timbered in all haulage ways.
R u l e 6 . Every miner must keep his room properly timbered. Timbering.
Properly timbered does not mean any given number o f posts, but
the number necessary to make the place safe.
R u le 7. I f a place is designated by chalk mark for setting tim- Timber to be
ber, the miner must not be permitted to proceed further u n t ilset*
such timber is set.
R u l e 8 . Explosives must not be taken in or out o f the mine Moving e x when the wires are charged, except in properly insulated car or PloslYesbox especially provided for such purpose, and then, only, when
animal haulage is not available.
R ule 9. Men must not be permitted to get in or out of mine cars Getting on or
when being hauled in man trips while trips are in motion.
off cars.
Rule 10. A machine must be properly shielded when in opera- Shields,
tion as required by law.
R u l e 11. All motors must be provided w ith headlights and kept
Lights f o r
in good condition, and rear end o f trips must be provided w ith cars*
trip rider or proper marker.
R u l e 12. Law ful lights must be maintained on curves o f motor Curves,
and rope roads and all other important points.
R u le 13. Pushing cars ahead o f motor, or running switches must Pushing cars,
be avoided wherever possible.
etcR ule 14. All abandoned or dangerous places must be properly Fencing,
fenced off. (The word “ fenced ” means that the fence must be
built in such a way that part of it would have to be removed be
fore a man could get through.)
R u l e 15. W here men are lowered and hoisted in and out o f
Safety a p the mine, see that engines, ropes, and safety catches, or other Prances,
safety appliances, are kept in safe w orking order.
R u l e 16. In mines generating fire damp or other explosive Inspection of
gases, see that no one enters until after mine has been properly saseous mines,
examined and reported safe by fire boss. All places found w ith
accum ulations o f gas must be fenced off and properly marked
“ danger signals ” at all approaches to said w orking places, includ-
107
108
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
ing break throughs. The fire boss must report 011 a blackboard
outside o f mine before anyone is permitted to enter and must
make a daily written report o f his examination in a book furnished
by the State for that purpose and a copy o f same forw arded to
the deputy inspector. All mines must be kept free from stand
ing gas. This paragraph means that w orking territory, break
throughs, and jaw s w ill be marked in the custom ary w ay w ith
“ danger signs ” and has no application to paragraph fifteen (1 5 ),
which refers to abandoned works.
Moving exploR u l e 17. Attention is again called to the law regulating the
sives*
transportation o f pow der and other explosives, and also to the sec
tion o f the law requiring the miner to provide him self with suit
able box.
Rules to be
R u l e 18. All rules issued by this department, superintendent
observed.
an(j mine bosses, or their representatives, as they apply to the
personal safety o f men in and around the mines, must be observed.
Landings.
R u l e 19. All shafts where men are hoisted must use what are
commonly known as “ fans,” or some other safety device, fo r land
ing cage where men are getting on and off o f cage.
A p p roach es
R u l e 20. A ll approaches to man hoist must be kept free from
to hoists.
mine cars, electric wires, and combustible matter. There should
be com fortable seats fixed where men can sit to awTait their turn
to be hoisted. Under no conditions w ill they be allowed to as
semble on the bottom. They must approach the shaft from other
point than the main bottom landing.
Haulin g
R u l e 21. Miners who ride into the mine in trip, where agreeworkmcn.
ment has been made to haul them in, must be seated in mine
cars, and no more permitted in cars than can be com fortably
seated, and must be governed by all rules o f running such trips.
Miner to inR u l e 22. Upon arrival at his working place each miner shall
spect.
thoroughly examine same, and shall not commence to mine or load
until it is made safe, and he shall be very careful to keep his
working place in a safe condition at all times.
places11Se r ° US R u le 23. W henever a w orking place is dangerous the miner
shall cease w ork and notify mine forem an or his assistant o f
such danger, and upon leaving the place he shall place a “ warn
ing ” at entrance thereto to warn others from inadvertently enter
ing into the danger, and no person shall begin or resume w ork in
such place until it is properly secured under directions o f mine
forem an or his assistant.
Instructions
R u l e 24. W here instructions are given by the mine boss or his
to be observed, representative, either verbally or by chalk marks, where timbers
should be set, it shall be the duty o f miner to carry out such in
structions. This is the safest course to follow , even in cases o f
dispute, as safety is the first consideration and the “ prim ary
motto ” o f this department.
Care.
R u l e 25. Miners must be careful o f material and must not
waste by covering up or otherwise destroying same.
Shot firing.
R u l e 26. Rules governing the firing o f shots must be observed.
W here rules govern the firing o f shots at stated intervals, the
miners must carefully carry out the provisions o f such rules.
Warning.
R u l e 27. A miner firing shot on the rib (w hether the rib is
thick or thin) shall give w arning to the miner w orking on the
opposite side o f the rib in which such shot is fired.
S u b seq u en t
R u le 28. W hen a miner fires a shot he must not return to
precautions.
examine same within five minutes. He must then exam ine the
roof very carefully in the case o f overcharged or flying shot.
Posts must be replaced that have been blown out from the effect
c<
. o f shots.
S 11 c c g s s ive
shots.
'
R u le 29. W here tw o or more holes are to be fired in the same
working place, five minutes must elapse between each shot, and
the miner’s first duty is to examine place before igniting second
or any succeeding shots. Failure to do this has been a fru itfu l
source o f serious and fatal accidents throughout the State in the
past, due to the eagerness o f the men to get out o f the mine as
soon as possible.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- OHIO.
109
R ule 30. In drilling out missed shots where powder is used a Missed shots,
m iner must not use the drill within twelve inches o f the car
tridge. The last twelve inches shall be removed by use o f needle,
and in all places where detonating caps are used the drilling out
o f the hole is strictly prohibited, and a new hole must be drilled.
R u l e 31. The needle used in preparing the blast shall be made Needles a n d
o f copper, and the tamping bar shall be made o f wood or shall be bars,
tipped with at least five inches o f copper. The use o f any other
tool for tamping is strictly forbidden in any o f the mines o f this
State.
R u l e 32. Miners must in no w ay tamper w ith electric wTires.
Electric
T h is means all wires— positive and negative.
wires.
R u l e 33. Miners must not loiter in entries, on switches, or in Loitering etc
other than their w orking places; and must not interfere with
m otors, motormen, trip riders, drivers, machine runners, pumpers,
fan men, or machinery.
R ule 34. W here coal is undercut by machinery, miners must Drilling,
not drill rib holes until the cut is made, and in this w ay avoid
drilling on the solid ; as holes on the tight would be considered
solid shooting, which is strictly prohibited by law.
R ule 35. In rooms undercut by machinery, there should be a
P e D ln 8
light flanker in the center, or what is known as an opening shot. s 0 *
In many places miners are shooting their coal without an open
ing shot, and this is a very dangerous practice, especially where
there is heavy draw s la te ; and many accidents have happened on
account o f the pow der cutting the slate across the face and along
rib when rib shots only are fir e d ; w hile if an opening shot is
fired, it gives the miner an opportunity to better care fo r his
place in the w ay o f posting and taking down the slate.
R u l e 36. Machinemen must not move the machine w hile the
Moving macutter chain is in motion.
chines.
R u l e 37. W hen connecting the power cable to electric wires,
Electric conmachinemen shall make negative or ground connections b e fo r e nections*
connecting the p ositive; and when disconnecting the cable, they
shall disconnect the positive line before disconnecting the negative
or ground.
R u l e 38. W hen the positive feed w ires extend into rooms, ma- Same,
chinemen must connect such wires to the positive w ire on the
entry before connecting the pow er c a b le ; and as soon as the power
cable is disconnected, shall disconnect w ire from w ire on the
entry. Many accidents are attributable to interference above
cited.
R u l e 39. Machinemen must use care that cables do not make
Contacts,
contact w ith metallic rails o f the track, and must avoid, where
possible, leaving the cable in water.
R u l e 40. W here props which have been placed by a miner for Frops.
the security o f the r o o f have been removed, machinemen must
reset such props as prom ptly as possible.
R u l e 41. Motormen and trip riders must use care in handling
D u t i e s of
locom otives and cars, and must see that the motor has headlights motormen.
and that they are kept in good w orking condition.
R ule 42. On trips where no trip rider is employed, it is the Markers,
duty of the motorman to see that a “signal” or “marker” is prop
erly placed on the rear end before starting trip.
R u l e 43. Motormen must see that brakes are in good working Brakes, etc.
condition, and must approach all curves, crossings, trapdoors, and
junction points w ith trip under perfect control.
R u l e 44. Motormen must not run the locom otive w ith trip P l a c i n g o f
ahead o f locomotive, except in cases where it is unavoidable, and carsthen only at a speed that w ill guarantee the greatest degree o f
sa fe ty ; and the extreme lim it shall be two miles an hour.
R u l e 45. It is the duty o f motorman or trip rider, where one R i d i n g on
is employed, to see that no person or persons other than those trips,
authorized ride on trips, loaded or empty, except such as are des
ignated by miitual agreement and provided for the transportation
o f men to and from their work, as sanctioned by law.
110
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Trip riders.
R u e e 46. The trip rider in charge o f rope haulage trips shall
see that a proper signal, light, or marker is attached to rear end
o f trip, or the end opposite to which he rides before starting the
t r ip ; and he shall be governed by the same regulations as govern
motormen and trip riders under motor and rope haulage in
rule 45.
Drivers.
R u l e 4 7. Drivers must not travel in haulage w ays w ith mule
while current is on trolley wire.
Cars on
R u l e 48. D rivers must use care in handling cars, especially
grades, etc.
going down extreme grades, and must have trip under control at
curves, trapdoors, and junction points, either w ith brakes or
•sprags.
Not to ride
R u l e 49. T h e drivers must not ride the fron t end, or between
w£ere^loaded cars.
drivors.°r more
R u l e 50. W here tw o or more drivers are hauling in the same
entries, the second or follow in g drivers must keep continuous
lookout fo r the driver ahead and keep trip under sufficient con
trol to avoid accident.
R i d i n g on R u l e 51. D rivers must see to it that no one is permitted to ride
carsin empty or loaded cars, except those authorized to do so by
superintendent, mine boss, or his assistant.
Trapdoors.
R u le 52. Trapdoors for the assistance o f the ventilation o f
the mine are o f no use while standing open, and it Is the duty o f
every person to see that they are kept shut, except when persons
or trips are passing through.
Violations.
R u l e 53. A ll violations o f the above rules by superintendents,
mine bosses, mine foremen or anyone exercising supervisory
power, or by miners, or any o f the employees in and around the
mines, shall be reported promptly to * * * [the] chief deputy
and safety commissioner, division o f mines, the Industrial Com
mission o f Ohio, Columbus, Ohio.
Foundries.
R u l e 1. An iron or steel foundry shall mean a place wiiere iron
or steel or both metals are melted and poured into sand molds in
the making o f castings, together w ith all cleaning, core making,
drying, wash rooms, and toilet rooms used in connection there
with.
R u le 2. The term “ entrance,” as used in these rules, shall
mean main doorways opening directly to the outer air.
The term “ gangway ” as used in these rules shall mean welldefined passageways dividing the working floors o f foundries but
not the spaces between molds. Spaces between molds shall be
divided into three classes, which shall be known as “ bull-ladle
aisles,” “ hand-ladle aisles ” and “ buggy-ladle aisles.”
Rules excluR u l e 3. E xcept as otherwise specified, these rules shall, as to
ilve*
the subjects covered herein, exempt foundries from the general
rules relating to such subjects.
Entrances.
R u l e 4. Entrances to foundries shall be protected from No
vember first to April first o f each year by a covered vestibule,
either stationary or movable, which shall be so constructed as to
eliminate drafts and o f such dimensions as to answer ordinary
purposes, such as the passage o f wheelbarrows, trucks, and small
industrial cars. This shall not apply to entrances used for rail
road or industrial cars handled by locom otives or motors, or for
traveling cranes, horse-drawn vehicles, or au tom obiles; these
entrances may remain open only for such time as is necessary fo r
the ingress and egress o f such cars, trucks and cranes, horsedrawn vehicles, or automobiles.
No locom otive shall be permitted to remain inside the foundry
during the loading or unloading o f the cars.
Gangways.
R u l e 5. Main gangways where metal is carried by hand, bull
or truck ladles shall be not less than five feet wide. Truck-ladle
gangways which are not main gangways shall be not less than
four feet wide. Bull-ladle aisles between floors shall be not
Definitions.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916— OHIO.
Ill
less than three, feet wide. Single hand-ladle or buggy-ladle aisles
between floors shall be not less than eighteen inches wide. W here
trolleys are used over molding floors for pouring metal, the aisles
shall be o f sufficient width to permit the safe ingress and egress
o f employees and the safe use o f the ladles. W here it is necessary
to occupy the central portion o f the floor space in the production
o f moldings, continuous gangway space shall be provided.
Same.
R u le 6 . During the progress o f casting every gangway or
aisle shall be kept entirely free from pools o f water or obstruc
tions o f any nature. Every gangway where industrial tracks
are used shall be constructed o f a hard m aterial o f substantial
character and the top o f the rails shall be flush w ith the floor.
Every gangway shall be kept in good condition at all times.
R ule 7. W here smoke, steam, gases, or dust arising frdrn any Ventilation.
o f the operations o f the foundry are dangerous to health or
eyes, and where a natural circulation o f air does not carry off
such smoke, steam, gases, or dust, there shall be installed and
operated hoods, ventilators, fans, or other mechanical means o f
ventilation approved by the Industrial Commission o f Ohio.
Rule 8 . The cleaning and chipping o f castings shall be done Cleaning and
chipping cast
in cleaning rooms except that where traveling cranes or where, ings.
in existing installations cars are used for conveying castings
into such rooms a separating partition shall be erected which
shall be not less than twelve (12) feet in height. In existing
installations, where the crane cage or crane girders w ill not
permit the erection o f a tw elve-foot partition, the height o f the
partition may be reduced sufficiently to permit the clearance o f
same. Large, castings may be chipped or cleaned by hand in the
molding room or where cast provided sufficient protection is fu r
nished by the use o f a curtain or screen or some other means
equally good to protect employees who are otherwise employed
therein.
This rule shall not apply if mechanical contrivances are used
for cleaning castings and the dust and particles arising therefrom
are effectively removed satisfactorily to the Industrial Commis
sion o f Ohio.
Tumbler
R u l e 9. W here tumbler mills are used, exhaust systems shall
mills.
be installed to effectively carry off the dust arising from the
cleaning o f castings, except where the mill is operated outside
the foundry. This does not prohibit the use o f a water barrel
for the purpose o f cleaning castings. Sand-blast operations shall
be carried on in the operr air or in a separate room used solely
fo r that purpose. The m illing o f cupola cinders, when done
inside the foundry, shall be carried on by an exhaust mill or
water mill, each o f a form approved by the Industrial Commission
o f Ohio.
R ule 10. No cores shall be blown out o f castings by com Blowing out
pressed air unless such w ork is done outside the foundry or in cores.
a special or dust-proof inclosure approved by the Industrial Com
mission o f Ohio.
Men employed in cleaning castings by compressed air or sand
blast shall wear eye guards and h elm ets; such helmets shall be
o f such designs as to meet the, approval o f the Industrial Com
mission o f Ohio.
Drying ovens.
R u l e 11. W here fumes, gases, and smoke are emitted from dry
ing ovens in such quantities as to be detrimental to the health or
eyes o f the employees, hoods and pipes or exhaust fans or other
mechanical means shall be provided over the doors o f such ovens.
H oods and pipes w ill not be required where they would interfere
with the operations o f traveling cranes, but other effective means
shall be provided for the removal o f such fumes, gases and smoke.
R ule 12. W here natural light is insufficient properly to light Lighting.
the foundry, artificial light o f sufficient power shall be provided,
in the discretion o f the Industrial Commission o f Ohio.
The continuous use o f hand torches or other lamps that emit in
jurious smoke or gases is prohibited.
112
BULLETIN OP THE BUBEAU OP LABOR STATISTICS.
Walls.
R ule 13. Interior walls o f foundries shall be wThitened, in the
discretion o f the Industrial Commission o f Ohio.
R ule 14. Proper and sufficient heat shall be provided and main
tained in every foundry. The use o f the open salamander stove, or
stoves o f that type, when used for heating purposes -shall be
prohibited. Open fires may be used for the purpose o f drying
molds or cores, if coke containing less than 1% o f sulphur be
used.
Ladles.
R ule 15. A ll hand and bull ladles shall be dried outside the
foundry, or in accordance with rule 7.
A sufficient number o f sheet-iron shields shall be available in
foundries for use in covering hand and bull ladles.
Drying cloth
R ule 16. Suitable facilities shall be provided fo r drying the
ing.
clothing o f such employees as may be found necessary at the dis
cretion o f the Industrial Commission o f Ohio, and may be located
in the wash room, the locker room, or in a room used exclusively
for that purpose.
Water-closets.
R ule 17. In every foundry where water-closets or privy accom
modations are permitted by the Industrial Commission o f Ohio
to remain outside o f the foundry, the passageway leading from
the foundry to the said water-closets or privy accommodations
shall be so constructed that the employees in passing thereto or
therefrom shall not be exposed to outdoor atmosphere, and such
passageways, water-closets, and privy accommodations shall be
properly heated during cold weather.
Same.
R ule 18. W ater-closets shall be provided in every foundry and
fo r each sex according to the follow in g ta b le :
Heating.
Number of Number
persons. of closets.
1 to 10
11 to 25
28 to 50
51 to 80
81 to 125
1
2
3
4
5
Ratio.
for 1 0
for m
for 16|
for 20
1 for 25
1
1
1
1
F or every unit o f forty-five (45) or fractional part thereof in
excess o f one hundred and twenty-five (125) persons employed,
one additional water-closet shall be provided.
Urinals.
R ule 19. In every foundry there shall be provided one u rin al;
where more than thirty (30) and less than eighty (80) males are
employed, tw o urinals shall be provided, and thereafter one addi
tional urinal shall be provided for every eighty (80) males em
ployed or fractional part thereof. A t least tw o linear feet o f
trough or slab urinal shall be considered the equivalent o f one
urinal.
Washbasins.
R ule 20. W ashbasins with faucets for hot and cold water shall
be supplied according to the follow in g ta b le :
Number of Number
of wash
persons.
basins.
1 to 8
9 to 16
17 to 30
31 to 45
46 to 65
1
2
3
4
5
Ratio.
for 8
for 8
for 1 0
for 111
1 for 13
1
1
1
1
F or each additional twenty-five (25) employees at least one
additional washbasin shall be provided. Twenty inches o f sink
shall be .considered the equivalent o f one washbasin.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- OHIO.
113
Wash rooms.
R u le 21. W ash rooms hereafter installed where twenty (2 0 )
or more men are employed shall be provided with at least one
shower bath with an ample supply o f hot and cold water, and for
every additional one hundred ( 1 00 ) men one additional shower
bath shall be provided.
This rule shall apply to existing foundries at the discretion o f
the Industrial Commission o f Ohio.
Lockers..
R u l e 22. Individual lockers, arranged for locking, shall be pro
vided for employees, and shall be placed either in a room used
exclusively for that purpose, in the wash room, the drying room,
or at convenient places in the molding room. The necessity for
individual lockers, number, etc., shall be determined by the In
dustrial Commission o f Ohio.
N ote .— The general sanitary rules o f the Industrial Commission
o f Ohio shall apply in all matters not specifically covered in rules
16 to 22 , inclusive.
R u le 23. The floor beneath and immediately surrounding the Floors.
cupola shall slope and drain away from the base o f same.
R u l e 24. Persons tapping or stopping up cupolas must wear Eye guards.
goggles to protect the eyes.
Inspection oC
R u l e 25. Ladles, shanks, tongs, slings and yokes, skimmers, and
slag hoes used in the pouring o f molten metal shall, prior to their tools.
use, be inspected daily as to their safety by the men preparing
and using same, and in addition a regular inspection as to their
safety shall be made once a month by a man designated for that
purpose.
A monthly inspection shall also be made o f the chains and cables
on counterweights in connection w ith drying ovens, and reports o f
such inspections shall be made on form s prescribed by the Indus
trial Commission o f Ohio, and shall be kept on file for its
inspection.
Trunnions.
R u le 26. Trunnions on flasks hereafter constructed shall be
carefully designed fo r the loads they are to handle, and con
structed with a factor o f safety Qf at least ten ( 1 0 ), including
bolts where they are used. The diameter o f the button shall be
equal to the diameter o f the groove plus one and one-half times
the diameter o f the sling used to handle the flask. Inside cor
ners shall be well filleted, and in order to prevent the sling
slipping off or riding the button, the radius o f the corner between
groove and button shall be approximately equal to the radius o f
the sling used, the remainder o f the inside edge o f the button to
be straight.
Fire ways*.
R u le 27. All fire w ays or pits connected w ith drying ovens,
when built in the floor, shall at all times be protected by either
a substantial protecting cover or a standard guardrail.
R u l e 28. A ll trapdoors shall be guarded when open, either by
Trapdoors.standard guardrails or watchmen, and all pits shall be properly
covered or railed wrhen not in use, and sufficiently guarded at
other times.
All casting pits must be free from water and
abnormal dampness.
R u l e 29. All passageways and stairways shall be properly
Passagelighted, and inclined runways and stairways, charging decks, a n d ways,
platform s shall be guarded with rails conform ing to the stand
ards o f the Industrial Commission o f Ohio.
R ule 30. All ladles pouring from the lip, o f 2,000 pounds or Ladles.
over capacity, shall be equipped w ith a worm-geared device for
tilting same.
All crane, truck, and trolley pouring ladles shall be so con
structed that the center o f gravity shall be below ,the bail, and
shall be equipped with a clip to prevent the overturning o f same.
R u l e 31. The use o f high explosives is absolutely prohibited on Explosives.
the foundry premises, unless effective protection is provided.
R u l e 32. The breaking o f castings by the use o f a drop inside
Dropping:
castings.
the foundry during the general w orking hours is prohibited.
70404°— Bull. 2 1 3 - 1 7 -
-8
114
BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOK STATISTICS.
W here a drop is used for the breaking o f castings or scrap out
side o f the foundry, a permanent shield o f heavy planking or
other protection shall be provided.
Use of proR u l e 33. Every employee in every foundry shall use the devices
tective devices, furnished fo r his protection by his employer where there is a
hazard connected w ith his employment.
Rooms where
R u l e 34. W here rooms in which core ovens are located adjoin
are em'
w here cores are made by females and where the making o f
ployed.
~
cores and the baking o f cores are simultaneous operations, the
partition between such room s shall be constructed o f concrete,
hollow tile, brick, metal, or w ood covered w ith metal, or other
m aterials approved by the Industrial Commission o f Ohio, and
there shall be in such partition only such openings as are required
by the nature o f the business,
Openings to
R u l e 35. A ll openings in partitions between the oven room and
oven room.
the room in w hich the females are employed shall be vestibuled
w ith either a revolving device or double doors which shall be
self-closing, or any other self-closing device equally effective,
w hich shall be approved by the Industrial Commission o f Ohio.
Such devices shall be kept in such a condition that gases, fumes,
and smoke shall be effectually trapped.
Temperature
R u le 36. N o fem ale employed in any core-making room shall
o f cores.
perm itted to handle cores w hich have a temperature o f more
than one hundred and ten (110) degrees Fahrenheit.
Weight.
R u le 37. No fem ale employed in any core-making room shall
be permitted to make or handle cores when the combined weight
o f core, core box, and plate at which she is working shall exceed
fifteen (15) pounds.
Brass found
R u le 38. A brass foundry is a place where brass, aluminum,
ries.
copper, tin, zinc, gold, silver, or composition metals containing
any o f the foregoing metals are melted or poured into sand molds
in the making o f castings. Foundries where aluminum only is
melted shall be covered by the rules governing iron, and steel
foundries.
The term “ cellar ” when used in these rules shall mean a room
Cellars.
or part o f a building which is one-half or m ore o f its height below
thk level o f the curb on the ground adjoining the building ( exclud
ing area w a y s).
The term “ basem ent” when u sed.in these rules shall mean a
Basements.
room or part o f a building w hich is one-half or more o f its height
above the level o f the curb.
Rules appliR ule 39. The rules relative to dust, smoke, gases, or fumes,
cable.
ventilation, sanitation? heat, light, gangways and aisles, safety
appliances, cleaning rooms, wash rooms, drying and locker ac
commodations, as specified fo r iron and steel foundries, shall
apply to brass foundries, except that main gangways shall be
not less than fou r (4 ) feet w ide and gangways between molds on
spill troughs shall be not less than three (3 ) feet wide.
W here trolleys are used over molding floors for pouring metal,
the aisles shall be o f sufficient width to permit the safe ingress
and egress o f employees and the safe use o f the ladles.
Guards.
R u le 40. W hen the crow n plate o f an upright melting furnace
is elevated above the surrounding floor in excess o f twelve ( 1 2 )
inches, the furnace shall be equipped with a platform with a
standard r a il; such platform shall be constructed o f metal or
other fireproof material, and shall extend along the front and
sides o f the furnace, flush w ith the crow n plate, and shall be at
least fou r feet in width and shall be clear o f all obstructions
Lifting.
during pouring time. I f the platform is elevated above the floor
in excess o f twelve ( 1 2 ) inches the low ering from same o f cruci
bles containing molten metal shall be done by mechanical means.
W here the combined weight o f crucible tongs and molten metal
exceeds one hundred ( 1 0 0 ) pounds, the same shall be removed
from furnace and deposited on the floor by m echanical means.
Smoke traps.
R u l e 41. W hen smoke finish is desired on molds made on
benches or tubs, smoke boxes w hich shall effectually trap the
smoke shall be used, such boxes to be connected w ith flues to the
outer air.
LABOR L E G ISL A T IO N OF 1916---- OHIO.
115
R ule 42. W here molders w ork side by side at least five (5) feet Space.
o f space sideways shall be allowed for each man. and a clear
space o f three (3 ) feet shall be provided back o f each man.
R ule 43. H oods shall be provided directly above all skimming Hoods.
blocks and brass melting furnaces using gas or oil as fuel, which
w ill effectually trap all gases and fumes generated in the melting
o f the m e ta l; these hoods shall be provided with outlet pipes to
lead the gases and fumes to the outer air.
Ventilators shall be provided over all other furnaces used for
m elting brass or composition metal, to effectively remove the gases
above the furnaces.
R ule 44. Brass foundries shall be provided w ith natural light Lighting.
from at least tw o sides or from at least one side and skylights in
the roof.
R ule 45. A ll persons removing pots containing molten metal Leg guards.
from furnaces and handling same shall be provided w ith protec
tion for legs and feet.
Riddling
R ule 46. Gangway dirt and floor scrapings shall not be riddled
scrapings.
in the room where workmen are employed, unless it is so damp
ened as to prevent dust arising therefrom.
R ule 47. Stoves used for drying molds, wThen located in the Stoves.
rooms used by workmen, shall be surrounded by a casing o f fire
p roof material, to the fu ll height o f the stove.
H e i g h t of
R u l e 48. N o b r a s s f o u n d r y s h a l l h e r e a f t e r b e c o n s t r u c t e d wTi t h
rooms.
a c l e a r a n c e o f l e s s t h a n f o u r t e e n (14) f e e t b e t w e e n t h e low Te s t
p o in t o f t h e c e ilin g a n d th e flo o r , e x c e p t t h a t w h e r e a p e a k , s a w
to o th , m o n ito r or a r c h r o o f is c o n str u c te d th e sid e w a lls m a y b e
o f a m in im u m h e ig h t o f t w e lv e ( 1 2 ) fe e t .
R ule 49. No foundry shall hereafter be located in a cellar un Cellar
dries.
less the ceiling shall be at least fourteen (14) feet in height
measured from the surface o f the finished floor to the under side
o f the ceilin g; and if the foundry is located or intended to be
located in the front part o f the building, unless the ceiling o f the
foundry shall be in every part at least six ( 6 ) feet, six ( 6 ) inches
above the curb level o f the street in front o f the b u ild in g ; or, if
the foundry is located or intended to be located in the rear part
o f the building, or to extend from the front to the rear, unless the
ceiling shall be not less than three (3 ) feet above the curb level
o f the street in front o f the building, and the foundry shall open
on a yard or court w hich shall extend at least six ( 6 ) inches
below its floor lev el; nor unless proper and adequate provision
shall be made for lighting and heating.
R ule 50. In case any foundry that was legally operated in a Same.
cellar or basement on January 1st, 1916, shall be discontinued or
unused for a period o f more than fou r (4 ) consecutive months, it
can thereafter be reopened as a foundry only by com plying w ith
the provisions o f the rules relating to future foundries.
The occasional operation o f a foundry for the purpose o f evad
ing this rule shall not be deemed a continuance o f use thereof.
B oiler rules.
[An act o f June 14, 1911, amended May 6 , 1913 (secs. 1.058-7 to
1058-30, General C ode), authorizes a board o f boiler rules, with
the duty o f form ulating rules 44 for the construction, installation,
inspection, and operation o f steam boilers.” In its purview are
all steam boilers and their appurtenances except boilers o f rail
road locom otives and other boilers subject to inspection under
Federal laws, portable boilers used for drilling for water, gas, or
oil and for agricultural purposes and for road and bridge work,
boilers on automobiles, and boilers o f less than 15 pounds pressure
to the square inch equipped with approved safety devices.
Under an act o f 1913 (p. 95), the State industrial commission is
given charge o f this work, and this commission has issued an edi
tion o f the rules, dated January, 1916, comprising 128 pages o f
rules, charts, tables, and form ulas covering the various matters
within the powder o f the board.]
foun-
OREGON.
IN D U S T R IA L W E L F A R E COMMISSION.
C ode o f R u l i n g s .
Section 1— D efinitions.
1. A minor is any boy or girl under the age o f eighteen years.
Minor.
2. An “ apprentice ” is a person employed for a continuous Apprentice,
period for the purpose o f learning the occupation in which she is
employed so that she may fit herself to command the minimum
wage o f such occupation at the end o f her apprenticeship.
3. “ Experienced w o m a n ” means a woman who has completed Experienced
her apprenticeship. An experienced woman shall be considered woman.
to remain an experienced woman and entitled to the minimum
wage as such while in the same line o f business, with or without
change o f em p loyers; but the commission w ill take into considera
tion cases in which, by change o f employers, or by lapse o f time
between periods o f employment, such experienced woman may
have lost her standing as such and may not be entitled to the
minimum wage, and the commission may, in its discretion, and
upon proper showing made, require such woman to work for such
period and wage as it shall determine to be proper before she shall
be reinstated as an experienced woman.
4. “ Person ” shall include person, firm, institution, corpora- Person,
tion, and association.
5. “ M ercantile occu p a tion ” shall include the w ork o f those M e r c a n t i l e
employed in establishments operated for the purpose o f trade in occupation,
the purchase or sale o f any goods or merchandise, and includes
the sales force, the wrapping employees, the auditing or checkinspection force, the shoppers in the m ail-order department, the
receiving, marking, and stock-room employees, sheet-music sales
women, and pianists who are sheet-music demonstrators.
6 . “ M anufacturing occu p a tion ” shall include all. processes . M anufacturin the production o f commodities. Included in this term is t h e mg 0CCUPatl0n*
work perform ed in dressmaking shops and wholesale millinery
houses, in the w orkroom s o f retail m illinery shops, and in the
drapery and furniture covering workrooms, the garment altera
tion, art needlework, fu r garment making, and m illinery w ork
rooms in mercantile stores, and the candy-making department of
retail candy stores and o f restaurants.
7. “ Personal service occu p a tion ” shall include manicuring ^ Personalservhairdressing, barbering and other w ork o f like nature, and the icew ork o f ushers in theaters.
8 . “ Laundry occupation ” : A laundry is a place where clothes Laundry ocare washed or cleaned by any process, by any person, firm, insti- cupation.
tution, corporation, or association, and laundry w ork shall include
all the processes connected with the receiving, marking, washing,
cleaning, ironing, and distribution o f washable and cleanable
materials. The work perform ed in laundry departments in hotels
and factories shall be considered as laundry work.
9. “ Office occu p a tion ” includes the work o f those employed as
office occupastenographers, bookkeepers, typists, billing clerks, filing clerks, tion.
cashiers, checkers, invoicers, comptometer operators, auditors, at
tendants in physicians’ and dentists’ offices and all kinds o f
clerical work.
117
BULLETIN' OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
118
Public houseio . “ Public housekeeping occupation ” includes the w ork o f
keeping.
waitresses in restaurants, hotel dining rooms, boarding houses,
and all attendants employed at ice cream and light-luncli stands
and steam table or counter work in cafeterias and delicatessens
where freshly cooked foods are serv ed ; and the wTork o f chamber
maids in hotels and lodging houses and boarding houses, and the
w ork o f janitresses and car cleaners and o f kitchen workers in
hotels and restaurants. A retail candy department which is con
ducted in connection w ith an ice cream, soft drink, or light-lunch
counter, or with a restaurant, w ill be classified as a public house
keeping establishment.
Telephone oc11. “ Telephone occupation ” includes the w ork o f operators o f
cupation.
switchboards in public and private exchanges.
Exemptions.
2.2. No provision o f this code applies to agricultural labor, do
mestic service, teaching, or nursing.
Section I I — Em ployers’ records.
What
re-
quired.
Every person who employs women or minors shall keep a
record containing the follow in g inform ation concerning each o f
such em ployees:
1. Name.
2. Address.
3. A g e : Adult or minor. ( I f a' minor, give exact age.)
4. Single. Married.
5. Date o f employment.
6 . W age at which employed.
7. Length o f experience in present occupation.
Section I I I — Minors.
Hours
labor*
of
1. No person shall employ any minor girl in any occupation
in the State o f Oregon more than nine hours in one day and in no
case more than fifty hours in one week.
2. No person shall employ any minor boy in the State o f Oregon
for more than ten hours in any one day.
3. No person shall employ any minor boy or minor girl under
sixteen years o f age, in the State o f Oregon, more than eight hours
in any one day.
Six-day week.
4 . jy 0 person shall employ any minor girl or minor boy in the
State o f Oregon more than six days in one calendar week.
Rest period.
5. No person shall employ any minor girl for m ore than six
hours o f continuous labor between the hours o f 7 a. m. and 6 p. m.,
without a rest period o f at least forty-five minutes.
Nightwork.
6 . No person shall employ any minor girl in any occupation
in the State o f Oregon after the hour o f 6 o ’clock p. m. on any day.
Wage rate.
7. No person shall employ any minor boy or minor girl between
the ages o f sixteen and eighteen years in any occupation in the
State o f Oregon at a weekly wage rate o f less than $6 , except as
arranged by the commission in the case o f apprentices.
Section IV — H ours o f labor fo r women.
per 1. No person shall employ any woman in any occupation in the
State o f Oregon more than fifty-four hours in any one week except
in fruit and vegetable canneries, where women may he employed
for sixty hours a week.
H o u r s per
2. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon
day.
more than nine hours in any day except in offices, woolen mills,
and fruit and vegetable canning, packing and preserving estab
lishments, where women may be employed not to exceed ten hours
in any one day.
City of Port- 3 . No person shall employ any woman in any office estaband*
lishment in the city o f Portland for more than fifty-one hours
in any one week.
II
ours
week-
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916'— OREGON.
4. No person shall employ any wom an in a m ercantile establishment in tlie city o f Portland m ore than eight hours and twenty
minutes in one day nor fo r more than fifty hours in one week.
119
City of Port-
Section V— R est periods fo r women.
1. No person shall employ any woman in any occupation in the
pre“
State o f Oregon between 7 a. m. and 8.30 p. m. for more than six scri 0 *
hours o f continuous labor w ithout a rest period o f at least fortyfive minutes.
2. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon Nightwork.
in any manufacturing or laundry establishment later than 8.30
o ’clock p. m.
3. No person shall employ any woman in the city o f Portland city of Portin a m ercantile establishment, other than in a confectionery store lan(i.
or a cigar stand in a hotel, later than 6 o ’clock p. in., nor in the
State o f Oregon, outside o f the city o f Portland, with the same
exceptions, later than 8.30 o ’clock p. m.
4. No person shall employ any woman or minor girl in the State Night’s rest,
o f Oregon on tw o successive days w ithout an interval o f nine
hours’ rest between such days.
5. No woman or minor girl in the State o f Oregon who has Work for two
been employed by one employer in any occupation in one day shall employers,
accept employment later in the same day from any other em
ployer fo r more time than w ill make the combined hours o f
employment for such day exceed nine hours.
6 . No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon in
Weekly d a y
any occupation, except in telegraph and public housekeeping o f rest*
establishments, and except in telephone establishments outside o f
the city o f Portland, more than six days in any one calendar w e e k ;
in telephone establishments outside o f the city o f Portland no
person shall employ any woman fo r m ore than fourteen consecu
tive days w ithout one full day o f rest and one day o f not more
than six hours o f labor.
7. No person shall employ any woman in any telegraph estab- Shorter worklishment in the State o f Oregon for seven consecutive days withy*
out allow ing one day during which the hours o f employment shall
not exceed six hours.
Section V I— Wages.
1. No person shall employ any experienced woman paid by time Weekly rate,
rates o f payment in any occupation in the State o f Oregon, out
side o f the city o f Portland, at a weekly wage rate o f less than
$8.25.
2. No person shall employ any experienced woman paid by City of Port
time rates o f payment in any occupation in the city o f Portland landat a weekly wage rate o f less than $8,64.
3. No person shall employ any experienced woman in any mer- Mercantile escantile establishment in the city o f Portland at a weekly wage tabllshments.
rate o f less than $9.25.
4. No person shall employ any experienced woman in the city o f Office work.
Portland in any office at a monthly wage rate o f less than $40.
5. The average weekly wage rate for all women employed at
a u ndry
piece rates in any m anufacturing or laundry establishment in the workState o f Oregon, outside o f the city o f Portland, shall be not less
than $8.25, and in the city o f Portland not less than $8.64, and at
least seventy-five per cent o f such employees shall be paid not
less than said minimum wage, and not m ore than twenty-five per
cent o f such employees shall be paid less than said minimum
w a g e : Provided, m oreover, That after any woman or girl has
been employed at prevailing piece rates for three weeks, she shall
then be paid not less than $6 a wTeek, even if the amount earned
at piece rates be less than that sum. In determining such average
wage a period o f not less than sixty days shall be taken as a
basis.
120
Board
lodging.
B ULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
and
6.
W hen lodging and board, or either o f them, is furnished by
any employer to any woman or minor girl employed in any occu
pation, as part payment o f the wages o f such woman or minor
girl, not more than $1.40 per week for lodging and not more than
$2.80 per week fo r board shall be deducted by such employer
from the weekly wage o f such woman or minor girl. Board shall
be considered to be twenty-one meals in each w^eek. A fraction o f
a w eek’s lodging or board shall be computed upon the above basis.
Section V II— Apprenticeship.
1. The maximum length o f the apprenticeship term for women
workers paid by time rates o f payment in all occupations shall be
one year. This term, except in telephone establishments, shall be
divided into three equal periods o f four months each. No person
shall employ any woman in any occupation, except the telephone
occupation, for the first period at a weekly wage rate o f less than
$ 6 ; nor fo r the second period at a weekly wage rate o f less than
$7 ; nor fo r the third period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $8 .
The apprenticeship term fo r telephone establishments shall be
divided into fou r equal periods o f three months each. No person
shall employ any wom an in any telephone establishment for the
first period at a w eekly wage rate o f less than $6 ; nor for the
second period at a w eekly w age rate o f less than $6.60; nor fo r
the third period at a weekly w age rate o f less than $7.20; nor
fo r the fourth period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $7.80.
Beginners.
2.
Any wom an employed at piece rates in m anufacturing and
laundry establishments may be employed for three weeks at the
prevailing piece rates, after w hich time she shall be paid not less
than $6 per week, even if the amount earned at piece rates be
less than that sum. ( See Code, Sec. VI, above.)
Payment for
3 . In occupations where a charge is made fo r teaching, the
instruction.
minimum wage fo r apprentices shall be paid over and above such
charge, and a deduction o f the teaching fee from the minimum
w age required fo r the learner shall be a violation o f the wage
order governing such occupation : Provided, h ow ever, That the
industrial w elfare commission w ill grant a permit upon applica
tion to employers in tow^ns where no vocational training school
is conducted, whereby the employer may deduct from the minimum
w age for apprentices a charge fo r instruction in the shop for a
specified time, w hich charge must be satisfactory to the ap
prentice and must be approved by the commission.
Length
term.
of
Section T i l l — Em ergency overtim e.
Special
cense.
li-
1. In case o f business emergency the commission, upon applica
tion and showing made to it, w ill issue a special license govern
ing the emergency in question for the employment o f adult women
beyond the regular legal hours, on condition o f the payment o f
overtim e at the rate o f time and a h alf on the basis o f the
w orker’s salary.
2.
Any person who is granted such emergency overtime license
shall furnish the commission on or before the fifth day o f the
follow in g month a written statement o f the daily time, the regu
la r rate, and the overtime wage o f each woman who has worked
overtime in the preceding month, together with the name and
address o f each such employee, and said statement shall be verified
by the person who has been granted said emergency overtime
license or by some person in his behalf who has knowledge o f
the facts.
Section I X — Sanitation.
of
No person subject to chapter 62 o f the Law s o f 1013 shall em
ploy or permit any woman or minor to w ork in any occupation
in the State o f Oregon in which the conditions are below the
follow ing standards:
Report.
Scope
rules.
LABOR LE G ISL A T IO N OF 1916-----OREGON.
121
1. Every room and the floors, walls, ceilings, windows, and Cleanliness.
every other part thereof and all fixtures therein shall at all times
be kept in a clean and sanitary condition.
2. A sufficient quantity o f drinking water, w ithin reasonable D r i n k i n g
water.
access to all workers, shall be provided w ith sanitary appliances
fo r drinking. A common drinking cup shall not be used.
3. All rooms shall be properly and adequately lighted during Lighting.
w orking hours. Artificial illumination in every workroom shall
be installed, arranged, and used so that the light furnished w ill
at all times be sufficient and adequate for the w ork carried on
therein and prevent unnecessary strain on the vision or glare on
the eyes o f the worker.
4. The ventilation o f each room shall be adequate, and there Ventilation.
shall be sufficient provision for preventing excessive humidity, and
an amount o f cubic air space necessary to health must be allowed
for each employee.
5. In every establishment there shall be provided suitable and Toilet rooms.
convenient toilets separate from those used by the opposite sex,
and the number o f such toilets shall be not less than one to every
twenty women or minors employed at one time or m ajority fra c
tion thereof. Such toilets must be thoroughly ventilated and open
to the outside air, and such toilets must at all times be kept in
a clean and sanitary condition.
6 . W ash-room accommodations, separate and apart from those Wash rooms.
used by male persons, must be p rov id ed ; and individual towels,
either cloth or paper, must be furnished. The washing facilities
must be adequate; and the wash rooms must be kept in a clean
and sanitary condition.
Dressing
7. A suitable space, effectively screened, must be provided for
women to change their street clothes for w orking clothes, and rooms.
where practicable individual lockers should be provided.
Tables,
8 . Tables and benches, so constructed as to give the greatest
benches, a n d
possible com fort and convenience to women and minor employees, chairs.
considering the requirements o f the w ork upon which they are
employed, must be provided, and convenient and com fortable seats
must also be furnished where the nature o f the w ork is such that
employees may sit while working.
Expectora
9. Signs must be placed in all rooms forbidding expectoration tion.
on the walls or floors, and suitable and sanitary receptacles must
be provided for this purpose. These receptacles must be cleaned
daily.
10. W here there are less than four women employed by any Exemptions.
person, the industrial w elfare commission may, upon application
and showing, release such applicant from com pliance w ith the
foregoing regulations or any part o f same.
OllDEES.
No. 6 .— Em ployers' record s.
Every person wiio employs women or minors shall keep a record
containing the follow ing inform ation concerning each o f such
employees :
1. Name.
2. Address,
3. A g e: Adult. Minor ( i f a minor, give exact age).
4. Single. Married.
5. Date o f employment.
6 . W age at which employed.
7. Length o f experience in present occupation.
Said order shall become effective from and after September 1,
1916.
A fter such order is effective, it shall be unlaw ful for any em
ployer in the State o f Oregon affected thereby to fail to observe
and comply therewith, and any person who violates said order
shall be deemed guilty o f a misdemeanor, and upon conviction
at re
122
B U L L E T IN
OP T H E B U R E A U OP LABOR STA TIST IC S.
thereof shall be punished by a fine o f not less than twenty-five
dollars ($25) nor more than one hundred dollars ($100) or by
imprisonment in the county ja il for not less than ten days nor
m ore than three months, or by both such fine and imprisonment
in the discretion o f the court .1
July 3, 1916.
No. 8 .— M ercantile occupations.
1. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon,
outside o f the city o f Portland, in any m ercantile establishment
for more than nine hours in any one day, nor fo r more than 54
hours in any one week.
2. No person shall employ any experienced woman in the State
Wages.
o f Oregon, outside o f the city o f Portland, in any mercantile estab
lishment at a weekly w age rate o f less than $8.25.
Apprentice
3. The length o f the apprenticeship term for women workers in
ship.
m ercantile establishments shall be one year, and such apprentice
ship term shall be divided into three equal periods o f four months
each. No person shall employ any woman in any mercantile estab
lishment for the first period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $ 6 ;
nor fo r the second period at a w eekly w age rate o f less than $7;
nor for the third period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $ 8 .
Six-day week.
4. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon
in a mercantile establishment for m ore than six days in one
calendar week.
Rest period.
5. No person shall employ any woman in any m ercantile estab
lishment fo r more than six hours o f continuous labor w ithout a
rest period o f at least 45 minutes.
Niglitwork.
6 . No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon,
outside o f the city o f Portland, in a m ercantile establishment other
than cigar stands in hotels and confectionary stores, later than
8.30 o’clock p. m.
“ M ercantile occupation ” shall include the w ork o f those em
Definition.
ployed in establishments operated for the purpose o f trade in the
purchase or sale o f any goods or merchandise, and includes the
sales force, the wrapping employees, the auditing or check-inspection force, the shoppers in the m ail-order department, the receiv
ing, marking, and stock-room employees, sheet-music saleswomen,
and pianists who are sheet-music demonstrators.
Said order shall become effective from and after September 1,
1916.
July 3, 1916.
[Order No. 7 is o f similar effect, applying only to the city o f
Portland. It differs in making eight hours and twenty minutes
the measure o f a day’s work, and fifty hours a w eek’s work. The
standard weekly wage is $9.25, and the evening quitting time is
6 o ’clock.]
Hours.
No. 10.— M anufacturing occupations.
1. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon
in any m anufacturing establishment, except in a woolen mill,
for more than nine hours in any one day. No person shall employ
any woman in any m anufacturing establishment in the State of
Oregon for m ore than 54 hours in any one week.
2. No person shall employ any experienced woman in the State
Wages.
o f Oregon, outside o f the city o f Portland, in any m anufacturing
establishment at time rates o f payment, at a weekly wage rate
o f less than $8.25.
3. The length o f the apprenticeship term for women workers
A ppr e n t i c e paid by time rates o f payment in m anufacturing establishments
ship.
shall be one year, and such apprenticeship term shall be divided
Hours.
1 The same penalty clause is appended to each of the orders issued.
The
law also requires orders to be posted in all establishments affected by
them. Earlier orders (1 to 5) are repealed.
LABOR LE G ISL A T IO N OF 1916---- OREGON.
123
into three equal periods o f four months each. No person shall
employ any woman in any m anufacturing establishment for the
first period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $6 ; nor for the
second period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $7; nor for the
third period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $ 8 .
4. The average weekly wage rate for all women employed at Picce rales.
piece rates in any m anufacturing establishment in the State o f
Oregon, outside o f the city o f Portland, shall be not less than
$8.25, and at least seventy-five per cent (7 5 % ) o f such employees
shall be paid at not less than said minimum wage rate and not
more than twenty-five per cent (2 5 % ) o f such employees shall
be paid at a weekly wage rate o f less than $8.25: Provided, m ore
over, That after any woman or girl has been employed at pre
vailing piece rates for three weeks she shall then be paid not less
than $6 per week, even if the amount earned at piece rates be less
than that sum. In determining such average wTage, a period
o f not less than sixty days shall be taken as a basis.
5. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon Six-day week.
in any m anufacturing establishment for more than six days in
one calendar week.
6 . No person shall employ any woman in any manufacturing Rest period.
establishment for more than six hours o f continuous labor w ith
out a rest period o f at least 45 minutes.
7. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon Nightwork.
in any m anufacturing establishment later than 8.30 o ’clock p. m.
“ M anufacturing occupation ” shall include all processes in Definition.
the production o f commodities. Included in this term, is the
w ork perform ed in dressmaking shops, and wholesale millinery
houses, in the workroom s o f retail millinery shops, and in the
drapery and furniture-covering workrooms, the, garment altera
tion, art needlework, fur garment making and millinery w ork
rooms in mercantile stores, and the candy-m aking department o f
retail candy stores, and o f restaurants.
Fruit and vegetable
drying, canning, preserving and packing establishments are ex
cluded from the above order.
Said order shall become effective from and after September
1, 1916.
July 3, 1916.
[Order No. 9 is o f similar effect, applying only to the city
o f Portland.
It differs in making $8.64 the standard weekly
wage.]
No. 12.— Personal service occupation.
1. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon, Hours.
outside o f the city o f Portland, in any personal service establish
ment for more than nine hours in any one day nor for more than
54 hours in any one week.
2. No person shall employ any experienced woman in the State Wages.
o f Oregon, outside o f the city o f Portland, in any personal service
establishment at a weekly wage rate o f less than $8.25.
3. The length o f the apprenticeship term for women w orkers in A p p r e n t i c e
personal service establishments shall be one year, and such ap ship.
prenticeship term shall be divided into three equal periods o f four
months each. No person shall employ any woman in any personal
service establishment for the first period at a weekly wage rate
of less than $6 ; nor for the second period at a weekly wage rate
o f less than $7; nor for the third period at a weekly wTage rate
o f less than $8 .
4. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon Six-day week.
in any personal service establishment for more than six days in
one calendar week.
5. No person shall employ any woman in any personal service Rest period.
establishment for more than six hours o f continuous labor be
tween the hours o f 7 a. m. and 8.30 p. m., w ithout a rest period
o f at least 45 minutes.
124
Definition.
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
“ Personal service occupation ” shall include manicuring, hair
dressing, barbering and other w ork o f like nature, and the w ork
o f ushers in theaters.
Said order shall become effective from and after September 1,,
1916.
July 3, 1916.
[Order No. 11 is o f similar effect, applying only to the city o f
Portland. It differs in making $8.64 the standard weekly w age.l
No. 14.— Laundry occupation.
Hours.
1. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon
in any laundry establishment for more than nine hours in any
one day nor for more than 54 hours in any one week.
2. No person shall employ any experienced woman in the State
Wages.
o f Oregon, outside o f the city o f Portland, in any laundry estab
lishment at time rates o f payment at a weekly wage rate o f less
than $8.25.
3. The length o f the apprenticeship term for women w orkers
Apprentice
ship.
paid by time rates o f payment in laundry establishments shall be
one year, and such apprenticeship term shall be divided into
three equal periods o f four months each. No person shall employ
any woman in any laundry establishment for the first period at
a weekly wage rate o f less than $6 , nor for the second period at
a weekly wage rate o f less than $7, nor for the third period at a
weekly wage rate o f less than $8 .
4. The average weekly wage rate for all women employed at
Tiece rates.
piece rates in any laundry establishment in the State o f Oregon,
outside o f the city o f Portland, shall be not less than $8.25, and
at least seventy-five per cent (7 5 % ) o f such employees shall be
paid at not less than said minimum wage rate and not more than
twenty-five per cent (2 5 % ) o f such employees shall be paid at
a weekly wage rate o f less than $8.25: Provided, m oreover, That
after auy woman or girl has been employed at prevailing piece
rates for three weeks she shall then be paid not less than $6 per
wTeek, even if the amount earned at piece rates be less than that
sum. In determining such average wage a period o f not less
than sixty days shall be taken as a basis.
5. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon
Six-day week.
in any laundry establishment for more than six days in one cal
endar week.
Rest period.
6 . No person shall employ any woman in any laundry establish
ment for more than six hours o f continuous labor without a rest
period o f at least 45 minutes.
7. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon
Nightwork.
in a laundry establishment later than 8.30 o ’clock p. m.
A laundry is a place where clothes are washed or cleaned by any
Definition.
process by any person, firm, institution, corporation, or associa
tion, and laundry w ork shall include all the processes connected
with the receiving, marking, washing, cleaning, and ironing and
distribution o f washable and cleanable materials. The w ork per
form ed in laundry departments in hotels and factories shall be
considered as laundry work.
Said order shall become effective from and after September
1, 1916.
July 3, 1916.
[Order No. 13 is o f similar effect, applying only to the city o f
Portland. It differs in making $8.64 the standard weekly w age.}
No. 16.— Telephone and telegraph occupation.
Honrs.
1.
No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon
in any telephone or telegraph establishment for more than nine
hours in any one day nor for more than 54 hours in any one week.
LABOR LE G ISL A T IO N
OF 1916-----OREGON.
125
2. No person shall employ any experienced woman in the State Wages,
o f Oregon, outside o f the city o f Portland, in any telephone or
telegraph establishment at a weekly wage rate o f less than $8.25.
3. The maximum length o f the apprenticeship term for women Appr e n t i c e w orkers in telephone or telegraph establishments shall be o n e slliPyear.
The apprenticeship term for telephone establishments shall be
divided into four equal periods o f three months each. No person
shall employ any woman in any telephone establishment for the
first period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $6 ; nor for the sec
ond period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $6.60; nor for the
third period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $7.20; nor for the
fourth period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $7.80.
The apprenticeship term for telegraph establishments shall be
divided into three equal periods o f fou r months each. No person
shall employ any woman in any telegraph establishment for the
first period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $6 ; nor for the
second period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $7; nor for the
third period at a weekly wage rate o f less than $8 .
4. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon, Day of rest,
outside o f the city o f Portland, in any telephone establishment for
14 consecutive days without one fu ll day o f rest and one day o f
not more than six hours’ work.
5. No person shall employ any woman in any telegraph estab- Shorter worklishment in the State o f Oregon for seven consecutive days w ith -dayout allowing one day during w hich the hours o f employment shall
not exceed six hours.
f
6 . No person shall employ any woman in any telephone or tele- Rest period,
graph establishment fo r more than six hours o f continuous labor
between the hours o f 7 a. m. and 8.30 p. m., w ithout a rest period
o f at least 45 minutes.
Upon application and showing, the commission may, upon such Exemptions,
terms as it deems proper, release any applicant, employing less
than ten operators, from compliance with rule number four.
Any rural telephone establishment o f lim ited service which does
not demand the uninterrupted attention o f an operator, may ob
tain, upon application and showing before the commission, a
special license for the employment o f operators for wages and
daily hours different from those required by the above o r d e r ;
such wages and hours must be satisfactory to the employee as
w ell as to the employer and be approved by the commission.
Said order shall become effective from and after September 1,
1916.
July 3, 1916.
[Order No. 15 is o f similar effect, applying only to the city o f
Portland. It differs in making $8.64 the standard weekly wage,
in requiring a weekly day o f rest for telephone employees, and in
omitting, o f course, the provision as to rural telephone establish
ments.]
No. 18.— Office occupation.
1. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon, Hours,
outside o f the city o f Portland, in any office for more than 54
hours in any one week.
2. No person shall employ any experienced woman in the State wages,
o f Oregon, outside o f the city o f Portland, in any office at a weekly
wage rate o f less than $8.25.
3. The maximum length o f the apprenticeship term for women Appr e n t i c e workers in offices shall be one year and such apprenticeship term ship.
shall be divided into three equal periods o f four months each. No
person shall employ any woman in any office for the first period
at a weekly wage rate o f less than $ 6 ; nor for the second period
at a weekly wage rate o f less than $7; nor for the third period
at a weekly wage rate o f less than $8 .
126
B U L L E T IN
Six-day week.
Rest period.
Definition.
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
4. No person shall employ any woman in any office in the State
o f Oregon for more than six days in one calendar week.
5. No person shall employ any woman in any office for m ore
than six hours o f continuous labor between the hours o f 7 a. m.
and 8.30 p. m. without a rest period o f at least 45 minutes.
“ Office occupation ” includes the w ork o f those employed as.
stenographers, bookkeepers, typists, billing clerks, filing clerks,
cashiers, checkers, invoicers, comptom eter operators, auditors,
attendants in physicians’ and dentists’ offices, and all kinds o f
clerical work.
Said order shall become effective from and after September 1,
1916.
July 3, 3916.
[O rder No. 17 is o f similar effect, applying only to the city o f
Portland. It differs in making 51 hours a w eek’s w ork and
establishing a monthly standard wage o f $40.]
No. 20.— Public housekeeping occupation.
Hours.
1. No person shall employ any woman in the State o f Oregon in
any public housekeeping establishment fo r m ore than nine hours
in any one day, nor fo r more than 54 hours in any one week.
Wages.
2. No person shall employ any experienced woman in the State
o f Oregon, outside o f the city o f Portland, in any public house
keeping establishment, at a weekly wage rate o f less than $8.25.
A p p r e n t i c e 3. The maximum length o f the apprenticeship term for women
ship.
workers in public housekeeping establishments shall be one year,
and such apprenticeship term shall be divided into three equal
periods o f fou r months each. No person shall employ any woman
in any public housekeeping establishment during the first period
at a weekly wage rate o f less than $6 ; nor for the second period
at a weekly wage rate o f less than $7; nor fo r the third period at
a weekly wage rate o f less than $8 .
Rest period.
4. No person shall employ any woman in any public housekeep
ing establishment fo r more than six hours o f continuous labor
between the hours o f 7 a. m. and 8.30 p. m. w ithout a rest period
o f at least 45 minutes.
B o a r d and
5. When lodging and board, or either o f them, is furnished by
lodging.
any employer to any woman or minor girl employed in any occu
pation as part payment o f the wages o f such woman or minor girl,
not more than $1.40 per week for lodging and not more than $2.80
per week for board shall be deducted by such employer from the
weekly wage o f such woman or minor girl. Board shall be con
sidered to be 21 meals in each week. A fraction o f a week's
lodging or board shall be computed upon the above basis.
Definition.
“ Public housekeeping occupation ” includes the w ork o f w ait
resses in restaurants, hotel dining rooms, boarding houses, and
all attendants employed at ice cream and light-lunch stands and
steam table or counter work in cafeterias and delicatessens where
freshly cooked foods are serv ed ; and the w ork o f chambermaids
in hotels and lodging houses and boarding houses and the w ork
o f janitresses and car cleaners and o f kitchen w orkers in hotels
and restaurants.
A retail candy department, which is conducted in connection
with an ice cream, soft drink, or light-lunch counter or with a
restaurant will be, classified as a public housekeeping establish
ment.
Said order shall become effective from and after September 1,
1916.
July 3, 1916.
[Order No. 19 is o f sim ilar effect, applying only to the city o f
Portland. It differs in making $8.64 the standard weekly wage
rate.]
No. 21.— Minors.
Hours.
1.
No person shall employ any minor girl in any occupation in
the State o f Oregon more than nine hours in one day and in no
case more than fifty hours in one week.
LAB OB LEG ISLA TIO N OF 1916---- OREGON.
2. No person shall employ any minor boy in the State o f Oregon
for more than ten hours in any one day.
3. No person shall employ any minor boy or minor girl under
sixteen years o f age, in the State o f Oregon, more than eight
hours in any one day.
4. No person shall employ any minor girl or minor boy in the
State o f Oregon more than six days in one calendar week.
5. No person shall employ any minor girl for more than six
hours o f continuous labor between the hours o f 7 a. m. and 6 p. m.,
w ithout a rest period o f at least 45 minutes.
6 . No person shall employ any minor girl in any occupation in
the State o f Oregon after the hour o f 6 o ’clock p. m., on any day.
7. No person shall employ any minor boy or minor girl, between
the ages o f 16 and 18 years, in any occupation in the State o f
Oregon at a weekly wage rate o f less than $ 6 , except as otherwise
arranged by the commission in the case o f apprentices.
Said order shall become effective from and after September 1,
1916.
July 3, 1916.
127
Honrs.
Same.
Six-day week.
Rest period.
Nightwork,
Wages
No. 22.— Sanitary Code.
lMatter
under this head is identical in language with Sec
tion I X — Sanitation, o f the Code o f Rulings, above.]
No. 23.— Special regulations.
1. No person shall employ any woman or minor girl in the State Night’s rest,
o f Oregon on tw o successive days without an interval o f nine
hours rest between such days.
2. No woman or minor girl in the State o f Oregon who has been w ork for two
employed by one employer in any occupation in one day shall employees,
accept employment later in the same day from any other em
ployer for more time than w ill make the combined hours o f em
ployment for such day exceed nine hours.
3. In occupations where a charge is made for teaching, the Payment for
minimum wage for apprentices shall be paid over and above such instruction,
charge, and a deduction o f the teaching fee from the minimum
w age required for the learner, shall be a violation o f the wage
order governing such occu p ation : Provided, hotoever, That the
industrial w elfare commission w ill grant a permit upon applica
tion to employers in towns where no vocational training school
is conducted, whereby the employer may deduct from the mini
mum wage for apprentices, a charge for instruction in the shop
fo r a specified time, which charge must be satisfactory to the
apprentice, and must be approved by the commission.
4. (a ) In case o f business emergency the commission, upon ap- O v e r t i m e
plication and showing made to it, w ill issue a special license, work,
governing the emergency in question, for the employment o f adult
women beyond the regular legal hours, on condition o f the pay
ment o f overtime at the rate o f time and a half on the basis o f
the w orker’s salary.
(&) Any person who is granted such emergency overtime Reports,
license, shall furnish the commission on or before the fifth day
o f the follow ing month, a written statement o f the daily time, the
regular rate and the overtime wage o f each woman who has
worked overtime in the preceding month, together with the name
and address o f each such employee, and said statement shall be
verified by the person who has been granted said emergency over
time license, or by some person in his behalf who has knowledge
o f the facts.
Said order shall become effective from and after September 1,
1916.
July 3, 1913.
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
ACTS OF 1916.
A ct N o. 2549.— Company stores— Paym ent o f wages in scrip.
Coercion a s
S e c t i o n 1. It shall be unlaw ful for any person, firm, or corpora
tion engaged in any business or enterprise in the Philippine to trading.
Islands in any manner to force, compel, or oblige any laborer or
other employee employed by him to purchase merchandise, com
modities, or personal property, o f any kind or nature from such
person, firm, or corporation, or from any other person, firm, or
corporation, or pay or cause to be paid the wages due a laborer or
employee by means o f tokens or objects other than legal tender Payment t o
currency o f the Philippine Islands, unless payment in objects, be in l e g a l
tender.
other than tokens and their similars, be expressly requested by
the laborer or employee.
Sec. 2. Every person violating the provisions of this act and Violations.
every member of a firm, and every director or officer of a cor
poration, who knowingly consents to any violation of this act or
directs the same, shall, for each offense, be punished by a fine
of not more than two hundred pesos, or by imprisonment for
a period of not more than six months, or by both such fine, and
imprisonment, in the discretion of the court.
Enacted, January 21, 1916.
A ct N o. 2589.— R etirem ent o f public em ployees.
Retirement,
S e c t i o n 1 . Whenever a regularly and permanently appointed
when.
officer or employee in the Philippine civil service who is actually
in the service and who has rendered continuous faith ful and
satisfactory service for at least six years applies to the Governor
General for retirement from said service and the Governor Gen
eral shall find, after receiving the recommendation o f the director
o f civil service and the chief o f the bureau or office concerned,
that such officer or employee making the application has in every
w ay been efficient up to and including the date o f retirement,
and the retirement applied fo r will not prejudice or obstruct
the regular and efficient operation o f the bureau affected, the
Governor General, in his discretion, may grant such retirement,
and, in consideration o f the services rendered, an annual gratuity
for three consecutive years according to the follow ing sch edule: Schedule.
An officer or employee who at the time o f retirement shall have
rendered at least ten years o f continuous service may receive an
annual gratuity o f thirty-three and one-third per centum o f the
salary last receiv ed ; thirty per centum o f such salary when nine
but less than ten years o f continuous service have been rendered;
twenty-six. and two-thirds per centum o f such salary when eight
but less than nine years o f continuous service have been rendered;
twenty-three ard one-third per centum o f such salary when seven
but less than eight years o f continuous service have been ren
dered ; twenty per centum o f such salary when six but less than
seven years o f continuous service have been rendered.
The
gratuities herein provided for may be paid in the Philippines or
in the United States, as the retired official or employee, may desire,
in monthly installments, and in the event o f death shall be pay
able to his estate: Provided, however, That any officer or em
ployee entitled to the benefits o f this act, and who is entitled to
7 0 40 4°--Bull. 213— 17-------9
129
130
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U K E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
any benefits from any pension fund created by authority o f the
Philippine Legislature, shall be required to designate which o f
such benefits he desires to take advantage of, and in such case he
shall be entitled only to the benefits so ch osen : * * *
Reemploy
S ec. 5. No person retired under the provisions o f this act
ment.
shall be reappointed or reemployed under the Government o f the
Philippine Islands until he shall have first refunded the entire
amount o f his retirement gratuities, and in case o f reappointment
or reemployment under this condition his salary for a period o f
at least three years thereafter shall not exceed the salary at
the time o f retirem ent; and by accepting such reappointment
or reemployment and refunding the gratuities paid him he shall
waive all future claim to the provisions o f this act and to the
payment o f such gratuities as wTere refunded when he again
shall retire or resign.
Enacted, February 4, 1916.
P O R T O R IC O .
ACTS OF 1916.
Act No. 51 .— Negligence of employees on railroads, etc.
S e c t i o n 1. Section 828 o f the Penal Code o f Porto R ico [sec.
5776, R. S.] * * * is hereby amended to read as follow s:
Sec. 328. Every conductor, engineer, brakeman, switchman, or
other person having charge w holly or in part o f any railroad car,
locomotive, automobile, train or steamboat, and any train dis
patcher, telegraph" operator, station agent, or other person wholly
or in part charged with the duty o f dispatching or directing the
movements o f any such car, locomotive, automobile, train or
steamboat, who, through gross negligence or carelessness, suffers
or causes the same to collide with another car, locomotive, auto
mobile, train or steamboat, or with any other object or thing
whereby the death o f a human being is produced, is punishable by
imprisonment in the penitentiary for a maximum term o f five
years.
I f as a consequence o f the collision, injury is suffered by any
person, such conductor, engineer, brakeman, switchman or other
person shall be punishable by imprisonment in ja il for a maximum
term o f two years, or by a maximum fine o f one thousand dollars,
or by both penalties in the discretion o f the court.
Approved A pril 13, 1916.
Act No. 58.— Employment of labor— Fraud.
S e c t i o n 1. Section 470 o f the Penal Code o f Porto R ico is hereby
amended so as to read as fo llo w s :
Sec. 470. Every person who knowingly and designedly, by false Punishable as
or fraudulent representation or pretenses, defrauds any other larceny*
person o f money, labor, or property, or who causes or procures
others to report falsely o f his wealth or m ercantile character, and
by thus imposing upon any person obtains credit and thereby
fraudulently gets into possession o f money, labor, or property, is
punishable in the same manner and to the same extent as for
larceny o f the money or property so obtained, or o f any amount
o f money equal to the value o f the services or labor.
Approved April 13, 1916.
181
RHODE ISLAND.
ACTS OF 1916.
C hapter
1351.— F actory regulations— Elevators.
S e c t i o n 1. Sectign 5 o f chapter 78 o f the General Law s
* * *
is hereby amended so as to read as fo llo w s :
Sec. 5. It shall be the duty o f the owner, agent or lessee o f
Guards reany such factory, m anufacturing or mercantile establishment, 2<5stways etc1
where hoisting shafts or wellholes are used, to cause the same to
*
be properly and substantially inclosed or secured if, in the
opinion o f the inspectors, it is necessary to protect the life or
limbs o f those employed in such establishments. The owner,
agent or lessee o f any factory, manufacturing, or mercantile
establishment shall inclose or cause to be inclosed all freight
elevator shafts on all sides thereof, and shall provide or cause to
be provided an entrance or entrances thereto by means o f an
autom atic or semiautomatic sliding gate or gates, not less than
six feet in height, except on the top floor where the gates shall
be not less than fou r feet in height. Said gate or gates shall be so
constructed as to close by the action o f the elevator on leaving
each floor, unless such elevator is equipped w ith a suitable device
to prevent the movement o f the car until the elevator shaft,
gates or doors are closed, as provided for passenger elevators in
section 16 o f chapter 129 o f the General Laws.
Approved March 25, 1916.
C hapter
1378. — F actory regulations — Em ploym ent o f children.
S e c t i o n 1. Section 1 o f chapter 78 o f the General Laws, entitled
“ O f factory inspection,” * * * is hereby amended so as to
read as fo llo w s :
Section 1 . Clause 1. No child under fourteen years o f age shall
be employed or permitted or suffered to w ork in any factory, or
m anufacturing or business establishment within this State, and
no child under sixteen years o f age shall be employed or per
mitted or suffered to w ork in any factory or m anufacturing or
business establishment w ithin this State between the hours o f
eight o’clock in the afternoon o f any day and six o ’clock in the
forenoon o f the follow in g day.
Clause 2. No child under sixteen years o f age shall be employed
or permitted or suffered to w ork in any factory or m anufacturing
or business establishment unless said person, firm, or corporation
employing him or her shall have in his, their or its possession an
age and employment certificate, given by or under the direction o f
the school committee o f the city or town in w hich said child re
sides; such certificate shall state (a ) the name o f said ch ild ; (b )
the date and place o f birth o f said ch ild ; ( c ) the height, color o f
eyes and hair, and com plexion o f said ch ild ; (d ) the name and
place o f residence o f the person having control o f said c h ild ; and
such certificate shall certify ( 1 ) that said child has completed
fourteen years o f age, ( 2 ) that said child is able to read at sight
and write legibly simple sentences in the English language, and
(3 ) that said child has been examined physically by a licensed
physician, and that said physician has certified that said child
is in sufficiently sound health and physically able to be employed
in any o f the occupations or processes in which a child between
fourteen and sixteen years o f age may be legally employed. The
statements contained in such certificate in regard to the name,
•
Age limit,
N. . .
lg
C ertificates,
133
134
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS.
elate and place o f birth o f said child, shall be substantiated by a
duly attested copy o f the birth certificate, baptismal certificate,
or passport o f such child. A fter the official authorized to issue
the age and employment certificate above named has determined
that the child applying for such certificate is fourteen years o f
age and can read and write as above required said official shall
Physical ex- send such child to a physician for a physical exam in ation : P roanimation.
vided, That the physical examination o f any such child who re
sides in the city o f Providence shall be made by either o f the
physicians appointed as hereinafter provided by the commis
sioner o f public schools, and no age and employment certificate
shall be issued to any’ child until the physician as above pro
vided shall certify in w riting that said chikl is in sufficiently
sound health and physically able to be employed in any o f the
occupations or processes in which a child between fourteen and
sixteen years o f age may be legally employed. F or making the
physical examination and certifying as to the health, the physi
cian, except those physicians appointed by the commissioner o f
public schools under this act, shall receive from the State the'sum
o f one dollar. H e shall render to the secretary o f the State board
o f education his account, properly certified by the official author
ized to issue the age and employment certificate required by this
section. The commissioner o f public schools is hereby authorized
to appoint tw o physicians for the city o f Providence, who shall
make the physical examinations in accordance wTith the provisions
o f this section. On the first day o f May, 1915, said commissioner
shall appoint said physicians fo r the term o f three years and
every third year thereafter said commissioner shall appoint two
physicians for the term o f three years to perform the duties
required by this section. Any vacancy occurring during any such
term shall be filled by appointment by said commissioner for the
unexpired portion q f such term. Said physicians shall examine
all the children in said city between fourteen and sixteen years
o f age who shall apply for a physical examination in accordance
with the provisions o f this section. Said physicians shall each
receive in fu ll compensation for his services the sum o f twelve
hundred dollars, annually, on vouchers approved by the commis
sioner o f public schools.
Certificates to
Clause 3. Such age and employment certificate may be apbe kept on file, plied for, the examination made, and the certificate completed at
any time, but such age and employment certificate shall be kept
on file and not delivered by the official authorized to issue the
same until he shall have received a written statement signed by
the employer, or by an authorized manager, superintendent or
agent o f the employer, with the name and address o f the employer
agreeing to employ the child in accordance with the provisions o f
this act, and all provisions o f law governing such employment and
upon termination o f the employment o f said child, to dispose o f
said certificate as hereinafter provided.
All such certificates
shall be delivered to the employer when issued and in force and
in no case to the child.
Form
Clause 4.- All such age and employment certificates issued shall
be uniform throughout the State, and in the follow in g form, or
such substantially similar form as may be approved by the secre
tary o f the State board o f education.
AGE AND EM P LO YM E N T CERTIFICATE.
This certifies that I am the (father, mother, guardian, or cus
todian) and have control o f (nam e o f ch ild ), whose signature ap
pears below, and that (he or she) was born at (nam e o f tow n or
c ity ), in the county o f ---------- and State (or cou n try), o f ---------- ,
on the (d a y ) o f (m on th ), A. D. -------, and is now (num ber o f
years and months) old.
(Signature o f child.)
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916-^-RHODE ISLAND.
135
( Signature o f person having control o f said child and his or her
residence.)
(T ow n or city and date.)
I hereby approve the foregoing certificate o f (name o f child) ;
whose height is (feet and inches) ; eyes are (color) ; hair is
(color) ; and com plexion is (fa ir or d a rk ).
I certify that said (name o f child) is able to read at sight and
w rite legibly simple sentences in the English language, and that
I have reason to believe that said (name o f child) has completed
fourteen years o f age, is o f the age therein certified, and has been
certified to according to law as in sufficiently sound health and
physically able to be employed in any o f the occupations or
processes in which a child between fourteen and sixteen years o f
age may be legally employed.
(Signature o f person authorized to approve and sign, with
official character and authority.)
(T ow n or city and date.)
Clause 5. Such certificate shall, w ithin five days after termina- Certificates to
tion o f the employment o f said child be by the employer returned be returned,
to the school committee w hich issued it or to such person as such
committee shall designate and shall be kept on file until the offi
cial authorized to issue such certificate shall have received a
written statement as hereinbefore provided, that such child will
be employed in accordance w ith the provisions o f law and that
upon the termination o f such employment, said certificate will be
disposed o f as herein provided.
Clause 6 . In case it appears to the satisfaction o f the school Evidence o £
committee, or person authorized to give such certificate, th a tage*
neither the birth certificate, baptismal certificate nor passport
o f such child can be produced, the age and employment certificate
may be granted on other evidence satisfactory to the secretary of
the State board o f education.
Clause 7. A ll certificates required by this chapter relating to the Employer t o
qualification o f children employed in any factory, or manufactur- keeP on file*
ing or business establishment coming under the provisions of
this chapter, shall be kept by the employer at the place where
such child is employed, and shall be shown to the factory in
spectors provided for by this chapter, or either or any o f them, on
demand by said inspector or in spectors; and the proprietor or
manager o f any such factory or m anufacturing or business estab
lishment who shall fail to produce or shall refuse to show to any
factory inspector any such certificate when demand is made there
for shall be deemed guilty o f a misdemeanor, and on conviction
thereof shall be punished by a fine o f not less than ten nor more
than fifty dollars.
Clause 8 . W henever any factory inspector shall have reason i n v e s t i g a
te doubt the accuracy o f any statement made in any such certifi- tions in case
cate concerning the age or other qualifications o f any child em- of doubt,
ployed thereunder, such inspector shall demand such certificate of
the employer o f such child, and upon receiving the same shall give
such employer a receipt therefor. I f after investigation such
inspector shall find that such certificate should not have been
issued to said child under the provisions o f this law, then he shall
deliver such certificate to the person who issued it, and shall
order it to be canceled, and shall forthw ith notify the said em
ployer that such child must not be longer employed.
Every
employer or proprietor or manager o f any factory or m anufactur
ing or business establishment who shall continue to employ such
child after receiving such notice from any factory inspector shall
be deemed guilty o f a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof
shall be subject to the penalty imposed by section 12 o f this
chapter.
Clause 9. W henever any factory inspector shall have reason to Same,
doubt that any child employed in any factory or m anufacturing
or business establishment, and not provided with an age and em
ployment certificate, has reached the age o f sixteen years, such
factory inspector shall make demand on such child's employer that
136
Certificate
be returned.
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
such employer shall either furnish him within ten days a certifi
cate o f age issued by the same authority and based on the same
evidence required fo r the issuance o f age and employment certifi
cates, or shall cease to employ such child or permit or suffer such
child to w ork in such factory or m anufacturing or business estab
lishment. In case such employer shall fa il to deliver such certifi
cate to the factory inspector, w ithin ten days after such demand,
and shall thereafter continue to employ such child, or permit 01*
suffer such child to w ork in such factory or m anufacturing or
business establishment, such employer shall be deemed guilty o f
a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be subject to the
penalty imposed by section 12 o f this chapter, and p roof o f the
making o f such demand and o f failure to deliver such certificate
shall be prima facie evidence, in any prosecution brought fo r a
violation o f this provision, that such child is under 16 years o f
age and is unlaw fully employed.
Clause 10. W hen any child employed under the provisions o f
this section leaves his or her employment, the person, firm, or cor
poration by whom such child has been employed shall, within five
days after said child has left the employment o f said person or
corporation, return said certificate to the school committee w hich
issued it, or to such person as the school committee may designate.
The school committee o f each town, or such person as the school
committee may designate to issue the certificate provided for in
this section, shall keep on file a copy o f each certificate granted,
together w ith the evidence on w hich such certificate was granted.
Approved April 14, 1916.
C h a p t e r 1379.— F a ctory regulations— E xpenses o f inspector.
[This act amends section 4, chapter 78, o f the General Law s by
providing a maximum expense fund o f $2,600 annually, instead o f
$2,300 as form erly.]
SOUTH CAROLINA.
ACTS OF 1916.
A c t No. 361.— Employment o f children— A ge limit.
S ection 1. Section 422 o f the Criminal Code, 1912, is hereby
amended * * * so that the said section, when so amended,
shall read as fo llo w s :
Sec. 422. No child under the age o f fourteen shall be employed
in any factory, mine, or textile establishment o f this State after
January 1, 1917.
Approved February 29, 1916.
Age limit,
A ct No. 391.— F actory , etc., regulations— Segregation o f races .
[This act amends act No. 69, Acts o f 1915, by adding the fo l
lowing : ]
Sec. 2-A . Any firm, person, or corporation engaged in cotton Penalty for
textile m anufacturing violating the provisions o f this act shall be violations,
punished by a fine not to exceed one hundred dollars fo r each
offense or imprisonment at hard labor for a period not to exceed
thirty days or both at the discretion o f the judge.
Approved February 17, 1916.
A ct No. 476.— Railroads — Headlights on locomotives .
[This act extends to February 2, 1917, the time allowance fo r
the equipment required by act No. 452, Acts o f 1912.]
A ct No. 544.— Hours of labor of employees on interurban railways.
S e c t io n 1. From and after the passage o f this act it shall be Ten-hour day.
unlaw ful for any interurban railroad or interurban railw ay in
this State to require any employee to labor for more than ten
hours in each tw enty-four hours o f the d a y : Provided, That the
provisions o f this act shall not apply in case o f accidents or
unavoidable delays. The provisions o f this act shall not apply to
any interurban railroads, operating over forty miles in length.
S ec . 2. For the purposes o f this act the phrases “ interurban Definition,
railroad ” and “ interurban railw ay ” shall be construed to in
clude all railroads and railw ays operated by electricity whose
main business consists in the transportation o f passengers or
freight from one municipality to another.
Sec. 3. Any firm, person or corporation violating the provisions Violations,
o f this act shall be guilty o f a misdemeanor, and for each offense,
upon conviction, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars
or imprisoned for not more than thirty days.
Approved March 25, 1916.
A ct No. 545.— Arbitration and conciliation— State board.
S ection 1. A board o f conciliation for the investigation and State b o a r d
arbitration o f industrial disputes and strikes is hereby created, to ereatedbe composed o f three members, to be appointed by the governor
as hereinafter provided.
137
138
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T e r m s of
Sec. 2. The terms o f the members o f said board first appointed
shall be for two, fou r and six years, respectively, from the date of
their appointment, and thereafter upon the expiration o f a term
o f a member o f said board his successor shall be appointed for a
term o f six years, appointed [appointments] to fill vacancies
caused by death, resignation or otherwise before the expiration
o f such term, shall be made for the residue o f such terms in the
same manner as herein provided for original appointments.
Duties.
Sec. 3. The duties o f the board o f conciliation shall be to in
vestigate industrial disputes or strikes or lockouts arising be
tween employer and employees or capital and la b o r ; to ascertain,
as near as may be, the cause or causes o f such industrial disputes
or strikes or lockouts, to make a finding o f fa ct in respect th ereto;
to report their findings o f fact to the governor as soon as may be,
and annually to the General Assembly o f the State o f South Caro
lina (su bject to the proviso hereinafter m ade), to endeavor as far
as possible, to induce both sides to such an industrial dispute or
strike or lockout to arrive at an agreem ent; to remove misunder
standings or differences; to nominate, appoint, or act as arbi
trators when so requested by both sides to the controversy, and, in
general to remove as much as possible the causes for industrial
disputes or strikes or lockouts, and to induce an amicable settle
ment o f the same.
Powers.
Sec. 4. The board of conciliation shall have the power to sum
mon witnesses and compel them to te s tify ; to compel the produc
tion o f books or documents relating to questions in dispute; to
inspect property with respect to which there is a dispute; wTith
relation to industrial disputes or strikes or lockouts; to examine
into w orking conditions and sanitary conditions, and at all times
to have access to any property or premises necessary to such in
spection.
Same.
Sec. 5. The board o f conciliation shall have power to summon
before it and to examine in public or in executive session any
persons concerned in such strike or lockouts, or industrial dis
putes or any other person within the State o f South Carolina, and
to make a report to the governor or to the general assembly, o f
such testimony and its recom mendation w ith respect th ereto:
Report.
Provided, h ow ever, That no report shall be made in such cases
where a m ajority o f such board o f conciliation shall deem it in
advisable so to do.
Sec. 6 . The compensation o f the board shall be ten ($10)
Compensa
tion.
dollars per day to each member in attendance w hile actually
employed in the perform ance o f the duties herein prescribed in
addition to traveling expenses.
Sessions.
Sec, 7. The board can be called into session, and into the per
form ance o f its duties and functions, by the governor.
Sec. 8 . One o f the members o f the said board o f conciliation
Qualifications
of members.
shall be an employer o f labor in behalf o f an incorporated com
pa n y ; one to be a member o f a recognized labor union, the third
member to be appointed on recommendation o f the tw o so ap
pointed as a fo re sa id : Provided, That in case the tw o members
appointed as aforesaid do not agree on the third member within
thirty days after their appointment, then the governor shall use
his discretion in the appointment o f the third member without
recommendation, so that at least one member shall be neither an
em ployer o f labor in ’ behalf o f an incorporated company or an
employee o f any such company.
Sec. 9. The duties and functions o f the board o f conciliation
Duties,
hereby created shall be the conciliation o f industrial disputes or
strikes or lockouts, and the removal o f cause for industrial dis
putes or strikes or lock ou ts; and their powers and the terms o f
this act shall be favorably construed for the promotion o f that end.
service.
Approved March 25, 1916.
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- SOUTH CAROLINA.
A ct N o.
139
546.— P aym ent o f wages— W eek ly pay day in textile mills.
S e c t i o n 1. All corporations engaged in textile m anufacturing in
weekly p a y
this State shall have a regular pay day once in every week for day required,
the payment o f the wages w hich have been earned by the laborers
during the preceding week and any such m anufacturing corpora
tion refusing to have a weekly pay day shall be guilty o f a mis
dem eanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than
one hundred dollars nor m ore than tw o hundred dollars for each
offense.
Approved March BO, 1916.
A c t No. 547.— Hours o f labor— Deductions from wages— T extile
mills.
S e c t i o n 1. Section 421 o f Volume II, Code o f Law s o f South
H o u r s per
Carolina, Criminal Code* is hereby amended by striking out the day and week,
w hole o f said section and inserting in lieu thereof the follow in g :
Sec. 421. Ten hours a day or sixty hours a w eek : Provided, Exceptions.
That the hours o f a single day shall not exceed eleven hours,
except for the purpose o f making up lost time as hereinafter
provided, shall constitute the hours fo r working all operatives
and employees in cotton and w oolen m anufacturing establish
ments engaged in the m anufacture o f yarns, cloth, hosiery and
other products fo r merchandise, except mechanics, engineers, fire
men, watchmen, teamsters, yard employees and clerical force,
and sixty (6 0 ) hours w ork per week shall be regarded as six
fu ll days and be paid fo r accordingly. All contracts fo r longer
hours o f w ork other than herein provided in said manufacturing
establishments shall be, and the same are hereby, declared null
and v o id : and any person that requires, permits, or suffers any
person to w ork a longer time than so stated, shall be deemed
guilty o f a misdemeanor in each and every instance, and, on
conviction in a court o f competent jurisdiction, shall be fined
a sum o f money not less than $25 nor more than $100, or im
prisonment not exceeding thirty d a y s : Provided, That nothing
herein contained shall be construed as forbidding or preventing
any such m anufacturing company from making up lost time to
the extent o f sixty hours per annum, beginning from January 1 Lost time,
o f each year current w ith the loss o f time incurred, where such
lost time has been caused by accident or other unavoidable ca u se:
Provided , fu rth er, That such lost time shall be made up within
three months after the lost time w as in cu rred : Provided, fu rth er,
That all m anufacturing establishments subject to the provisions
o f this section shall cause to be posted in a conspicuous place
in every room where such persons are employed, a notice printed
in plain type, stating the number o f hours w ork required o f them
on each day o f the week, the exact time fo r commencing work
in the morning, stopping at noon for dinner, commencing after
Schedule o f
dinner, and stopping at n ig h t; the form o f such notice shall be work*
approved by the commissioner o f agriculture, commerce, and indus
tries: Provided , fu rth er, That should any manufacturer desire
to make up any lost time caused by accident or unavoidable
cause to the extent allowed in this section, he shall post in
each room a typewritten notice, stating the exact time that w ill
be made up, the exact time lost, when lost, and fo r what cause. A
complete record o f all lost time, and time made up by dates, in
hours and minutes shall be kept by the proper officer o f the manu
facturing establishment, and presented on demand o f the factory
inspector. Failure to comply w ith any requirements in this sec
tion shall be deemed a violation o f this act.
S e c . 2. S a i d s e c t i o n [ s h a l l ] b e f u r t h e r a m e n d e d b y a d d i n g a n
o t h e r s e c t i o n t o b e k n o w n a s s e c t i o n 421-A, a s f o l l o w s :
140
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
D e d u c tio n s
Sec. 421-A. A ll regular hands w orking [in ] cotton and w oolen
for absence.
m in s in this State, whether w orking by the day, hank, piece, or
cut, upon absence from their said work, for any cause shall not be
docked, nor have deducted from their regular wages, m ore than
the said machine operated by them would have produced in the
time o f the absence o f the said regular hand from his work, and
all spare or extra hands that are employed to keep up or run the
machine or machines operated by the regular hands, shall be paid
fu ll amount deducted from the regular hand’s wages. Any person
or corporation violating any o f the provisions o f this section shall
be fined not less than fifty ($50) dollars, and not more than one
hundred ($ 100 ) dollars fo r each offense or be imprisoned fo r not
less than ten ( 1 0 ) nor more than thirty days.
Approved M arch 29, 1916.
A c t N o . 557.— Liability o f railroad companies fo r injuries to
em ployees .
f°r
S e c t i o n 1. E very common carrier by railroad while engaging
in commerce w ithin the State o f South Carolina shall be liable
in damages to any person suffering injury w hile he is employed
by such carrier in such commerce, or, in case o f the death o f
such employee to his or her personal representative, fo r the benefit
o f the surviving w idow or husband and children o f such em ployee;
and, i f none, o f such employees’ p a ren ts; and, i f none, then o f the
next o f kind [k in ], fo r such injury or death resulting in w hole or
in part from the negligence o f any o f the officers, agents, or em
ployees o f such carrier, or by reason o f any defect or insufficiency,
due to its negligence, in its cars, engines, appliances, machinery,
Amount
track, roadbed, works, boats, wharves or other equipment. And
in every such action the ju ry may give such damages, as they
may think proportioned to the injury or injuries resulting from
such death to the parties respectively, fo r whom and fo r whose
benefit such action shall be b rou gh t; and the amount so recovered
shall be divided among the before-mentioned parties, in such
shares as they would have been entitled to if the deceased had
died intestate and the amount recovered had been personal assets
o f his or her estate.
Comparative
g EC 2 . In all actions hereafter brought against any such comneg lgence.
mon carrjer
railroad under or by virtue o f any o f the provi
sions o f this act to recover damages fo r personal injuries to any
employee, or where such injuries have resulted in his death, the
fa ct that the employee may have been guilty o f contributory neg
ligence shall not bar a recovery, but the damages shall be dimin
ished by the ju ry in proportion to the amount o f negligence
attributable to such em ployee: Provided, That no such employee
w ho may be injured or killed, shall be held to have been guilty
o f contributory negligence in any case where the violation by such
common carrier o f any statute enacted for the safety o f employees
contributed to the injury or death o f such employee.
A ssu m p tio n
S ec . 3. In any action brought against any common carrier under
of risks.
or ^ v irtUe o f any o f the provisions o f this act to recover dam
ages fo r injuries to, or the death o f any o f its employees, such
employee shall not be held to have assumed the risks o f his em
ploym ent in any case where the violation by such common carrier
o f any statute enacted for the safety o f employees contributed to
the injury or death o f such employee.
Waivers.
S ec . 4. Any contract, rule, regulation, or device whatsoever, the
purpose or intent o f w hich shall be to enable any common carrier
to exempt itself from any liability created by this act, shall to
that extent be v o id : Provided, That in any action brought against
any such common carrier under or by virtue o f any o f the proviSet-offs.
sions o f this act, such common carrier may set off therein any
sum it has contributed or paid to any insurance, relief benefit, or
indemnity that may have been paid to the injured employee or the
person entitled thereto on account o f the injury or death for
which said action was brought.
damages*7
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916— SOUTH CAROLINA.
141
S ec . 5. No action shall be maintained under this act unless com- Limitation,
meneed within two years from the day the cause o f action accrued.
S ec . 6 . Any right o f action given by this act to a person suffer- Survival o f
ing injury shall survive to his or her personal representatives, right of action,
for the benefit o f their [the] surviving widow, or husband and
children o f such em p loyee; and if none such employee’s parents,
and if none, then o f the next o f kin o f such employee. But in
such case there shall be only one recovery for the same injury.
S ec . 7. The term “ common carrier ” as used in this act shall Scope of act.
include the receiver or receivers or other persons or corporations
charged w ith the duty o f the management and operation o f the
business o f a common carrier.
S ec . 8 . Nothing in this act shall be held to lim it the duty or Construction,
liability o f common carriers or to impair the rights o f their em
ployees under any other act or acts o f the general assembly o f
this State not inconsistent w ith the provisions o f this act, but the
remedies and provisions herein shall be held to be in addition to
and cum ulative o f existing remedies.
S ec . 8 a. Punitive damages shall not be recoverable in cases
Punitive
arising under this act so far as the same are not in conflict with damasesr
this act.
Approved April 14, 1916.
TENNESSEE.
ACTS OF 1915.
C h a p t e r 185.— Tips fo r em ployees o f hotels, e t c *
S ectio n 1. It shall be unlaw ful in this State for any hotel,
Tips forbidrestaurant, cafe, barber shop, dining car, railroad company o r den*
sleeping-car company to w illfu lly allow any person in its employ
to receive any gratuity, commonly known as a “ tip,” from any
patron or passenger, and it shall be unlaw ful for any patron o f
any hotel, restaurant, caf§, barber shop, dining car, or any pas
senger on any railroad train or sleeping car, to give any employee
any such gratuity and it shall be unlaw ful for any employee o f
any hotel, restaurant, cafe, barber shop, dining car, railroad com
pany or sleeping-car company to receive any gratuity or tip.
S ec . 2. By “ gratuity ” or tip as used in this act, is meant any Definition,
extra compensation o f any kind which any hotel, restaurant, caf§,
barber shop, dining car, railroad company or sleeping-car com
pany or the manager, officer or any agent thereof in charge of
the same, allows to be given an employee or which any person
gives to any employee, or which is received by any employee, and
is not a part o f the regular charge o f the hotel, restaurant, caf£,
barber shop, dining car, railroad company or sleeping-car company
for the thing bought or service rendered, or a part o f the services
which by contract it is under duty to render. No hotel, restaurant,
cafe, barber shop, dining car, railroad company or sleeping-car
company shall evade this act by adding to the regular charge, di- Evasions,
rectly or indirectly, anything intended for or to be used or to
be given away as a gratuity or tip to the employee. All charges
made by the hotel, restaurant, cafe, barber shop, dining car, rail
road company or sleeping-car company must be made by it in
good faith, a charge fo r the service which it renders, exclusive o f
the service which it furnishes to its employees.
S ec . 3. Each hotel, shall post notice o f this act in the office and
Notice to be
in each room, and each restaurant, cafe and barber shop shall posted,
post at least tw o notices o f this act in two conspicuous places in
same, and each dining car, railroad or sleeping-car company do
ing business within this State, shall post two notices o f this act
in conspicuous places in each sleeping car, and each cafe, hotel
or dining-car operator shall have printed in a conspicuous place
on their menu cards or bills o f fare, the synopsis o f the provisions
o f this act.
S ec . 4. Any hotel, restaurant, cafe, barber shop, dining car,
Violations,
railroad or sleeping-car company and the manager, officer or
agent o f same in charge, violating this act or w illfully allow ing
the same to be violated in any way shall each be subject to a
penalty o f not less than $10 nor more than $50 for each tip allow ed
to be given. I f any person shall give an employee any gratuity
or tip each person shall be subject to a fine o f not more than
$25 nor less than $5 for each offense. I f any o f the above em
ployees shall receive any gratuity or tip, he or she shall be sub
ject to a fine o f not more than $25 nor less than $5 for each
offense. Should any hotel, restaurant, cafe, barber shop, dining
car, railroad company or sleeping-car company fail, neglect or
refuse to post notice o f this act as required herein, such hotel,
1 This act was vetoed by the governor and therefore omitted from the
regular compilation of the laws of 1915. The veto was subsequently held
by the supreme court of the State to be invalid, and the bill was declared
to be a law.
143
144
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
restaurant, cafe, barber shop, dining car, railroad or sleeping-car
company shall be subject to a fine not to exceed $100 for each
day it shall fail.
Enforcement.
Sec . 5. It shall be the duty of the circuit judges and the courts
of like jurisdiction to especially call the attention of the grand
jury to the provisions of this act at each term of the court.
Becam e a law M arch 29, 1916.
VIRGINIA.
ACTS OF 1916.
C hapter
13.— Contracts o f em ploym ent w ith intent to defraud.
S ection 1. I f any person, w ith intent to injure or defraud his F r a u d u l e n t
employer, enters into a written contract o f employment or fo r the farming c o n perform ance o f personal service to be rendered within one year in tracts,
and about the cultivation o f the soil and thereby obtains from the
landowner, or the person so engaged in said cultivation o f the
soil, money or other thing o f value under such contract, and
fraudulently refuses to perform such service, or to refund the said
money or other thing o f value so obtained, [he] shall be deemed
guilty o f the larceny o f the said money or other thing o f value so
received.
Approved February 5, 1916.
C hapter
50.— F a ctory , etc., regulations — M anufacture
products.
o f food
S e c t i o n 1. The follow ing rules and regulations and standards
Scope of law.,
are hereby established for the sanitation o f slaughterhouses,
abattoirs, packing houses, sausage factories, rendering plants or
other places where animals are slaughtered for sale for human
food or where animal carcasses, or parts thereof, are prepared
fo r human food.
First. Every building or room used as a slaughterhouse, abat- S an itation
toir, packing house, sausage factory, rendering plant, or similar etc.
establishment shall be properly lighted, drained, plumbed and
ventilated and conducted w ith due regard for the purity and
wholesomeness o f the meat food products therein produced and
w ith strict regard to the influences o f such conditions upon the
health o f the operatives, employees and clerks.
Second. The floors, side walls, ceilings, receptacles, implements, Cleanliness,
machinery, and the clothing o f the operatives, shall at all times
be kept in a clean, healthful and sanitary condition. * * *
Third. The sleeping places for persons employed in such estabSleeping
lishments shall be separate and apart from the room in which Placesmeat food products are m anufactured, packed, stored or dis
tributed. No person shall be permitted to w ork in any such Diseased perestablishment who is known to be afflicted with any contagious sons.
or infectious disease, or any skin disease. Every such estab
lishment shall be, provided w ith a convenient wash room and Toilets,
toilet o f sanitary construction, but such toilet shall be entirely
separate and apart from any room used for the preparation,
manufacture or storage o f meat food products. * * *
S ec . 2. The dairy and food commissioner, by and with the Enforcement,
approval o f the Board o f Agriculture and Imm igration o f V ir
ginia is hereby empowered to fix and establish such rules and
regulations in accordance w ith the provisions o f this act as
may be necessary for its enforcement.
Approved February 17, 1916.
70404°— Bull. 213— 17-------10
145
146
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
C h a p t e r 168.— Em ploym ent offices.
S e c t i o n 1. An act
* * * [chapter 155, Acts o f 1910, shall]
be amended and reenacted so as to read as fo llo w s :
Register t o
Section 1. Every person, firm or corporation w ho shall agree
p
or promise, or who shall advertise through the press, or by
letter, to furnish employment or situations to any person or
persons shall keep a register in a substantial book, in the form
prescribed by the commissioner o f labor statistics, in wiiich shall
be entered the age, sex, nativity, trade or occupation, name and
address o f every applicant.
Such licensed agency shall also
enter in a register the name and address o f every person who
shall make application for help or servants, and the name and
nature o f employment for w hich such help shall be wanted.
Such registers shall, at all reasonable hours, be open to the inspec
tion and examination o f the commissioner o f labor statistics or his
Fees.
deputies or inspectors. W here a registration fee is charged for
filing or receiving application for or obtaining employment or
help, said fee shall in no case exceed the sum o f three ($3)
dollars, for which a receipt shall be given in w hich shall be stated
the name o f the applicant, the amount o f the fee, the date, the
name or character o f the w ork or the situation to be secured.
In case the said applicant shall not obtain a situation or employ
ment through such licensed agency within thirty days after
registration aforesaid, then said licensed agency shall forthw ith
repay and return to such applicant, upon demand being made
therefor, the fu ll amount o f the fee paid or delivered by said
applicant to said licensed agen cy: Provided, That such licensee
shall not send out an applicant for any employment within the pro
vision o f this act w ithout having first obtained a bona fide order
therefor in writing, stating the terms and conditions o f employ
ment.
Sending f e S ec . 2. No agency shall send or cause to be sent any female
moral places1111 helP or servants to any place o f bad repute, house o f ill fam e or
8 * assignation house, or to any house, or place kept for immoral purF a l s e state- poses, or to any person for immoral purposes. No such licensed
ments, etc.
agency shall publish or cause to be published any false Inform a
tion or make any false promises concerning or relating to w ork
or employment to anyone who shall register fo r employment, and
no such licensed agency shall make any false entries in the reg
ister to be kept as herein provided, and all entries in such
inducing t o register shall be made in ink. Any licensed person or agency shall
leave employ- not by him self or itself, agent, or otherwise, induce or attempt
men ’
to induce any employee to leave his employment w ith a view
o f obtaining other employment through such agency.
Dividing fees.
S ec . 3. It shall be unlaw ful fo r any person, firm or corporation,
or any person employed or authorized by such person, firm or
corporation to hire or discharge employees, to receive any part o f
any fee or any percentage o f wages or any compensation o f any
kind whatever, that is agreed upon to be paid by any employee
o f said person, firm, or corporation to [fo r ] any employment with
said person, firm or corporation.
Enforcement.
S ec . 4. It shall be the duty o f the commissioner o f labor sta
tistics to enforce this act, and, when inform ed o f any violation
thereof, it shall be his duty to institute criminal proceedings fo r
enforcem ent o f its penalties before any court o f competent ju ris
diction. He may make such rules and regulations for the en
forcement o f this act, not inconsistent therewith, as he may
Violations.
deem proper. Any person convicted o f a violation o f any o f the
provisions o f sections one, tw o and three shall be guiity o f a
misdemeanor, and, upon conviction in any court o f competent
jurisdiction, shall be fined not less than ten ($ 1 0 ) dollars nor
more than two hundred ($200) dollars for each offense: Provided,
That any such bureau or agency who shall knowingly send any
female help or servants to any place o f bad repute, house o f ill
fam e or assignation house or to any house or place kept for
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- VIRGINIA.
147
immoral purposes, or to any person for immoral purposes, shall be
deemed guilty o f a felony, and upon conviction in any court o f
competent jurisdiction shall be punished by a fine o f not less
than one hundred ($ 1 0 0 ) dollars nor m ore than one thousand
($ 1 ,0 0 0 ) dollars or by imprisonment in the penitentiary not less
than one ( 1 ) year nor more than ten ( 1 0 ) years, or by both such
fine and imprisonment.
Approved M arch IB, 1916.
C h a p t e r 287.— Liability o f em ployers fo r injuries to em ployees—
Contributory negligence.
S ectio n 1. If, in an action o f tort for personal injuries, the neS°JenceUt°tr7
defendant intends to rely upon the contributory negligence o f the be pleaded. °
plaintiff as a defense to said action, then upon motion, such con
tributory negligence shall be set forth in a bill o f particulars by
the defendant with the same particularity as is required o f the
plaintiff, in his declaration or bill o f particulars, setting forth the
negligence o f the defendant. But the court may at any time dur
ing the trial permit the plaintiff or defendant to amend his bill
o f particulars to avoid being taken by surprise, upon such terms
as may be proper. But the defendant shall not J>e precluded from
relying upon contributory negligence disclosed to the defendant by
the plaintiff’s testimony.
Approved March 18, 1916.
C hapter
372.— In toxication o f certain em ployees.
S ec tio n 1 . It shall be unlaw ful fo r any chauffeur, motorman,
engineer or other person to drive or run any automobile, car,
truck, engine, or train while under the influence o f intoxicants.
S ec . 2. I f any person violates the provisions o f this act he shall
be guilty o f a misdemeanor, and upon conviction, shall be fined not
less than five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, or be
confined in jail not less than thirty days, nor more than ninety
days, or both in the discretion o f the justice or ju ry trying the
case.
Approved M arch 20, 1916.
C hapter
Scope of law.
Violations,
435.— Sunday labor.
[This act amends section 3799 o f the code, as amended by chap
ter 180, Acts o f 1908, by adding the follo w in g :]
Provided, That for the purpose o f this act, the delivery on the Delivering ice
Sabbath D ay o f ice cream manufactured on some day other than creamthe Sabbath D ay shall be construed as a w ork o f necessity.
C h a p t e r 444. — Liability o f em ployers fo r injuries to em ployees—
Railroad companies.
S e ctio n 1. Every common carrier whose m otive power is steam Liability for
and engaged in intrastate trade or commerce, shall be liable to any damases*
o f its employees, or, in case o f his death, to his personal repre
sentative, fo r all damages, but in c a s e 'o f death not to exceed ten
thousand dollars which may result in whole or in part from the
negligence o f any o f its officers, agents or employees, or by reason
o f any defect or insufficiency, due to its negligence, in its cars, en
gines, appliances, machinery, track, roadbed, ways, w orks or other
equipment.
S ec . 2. In all actions or motions hereafter brought against any Comparative
such common carrier to recover damages for personal injuries to negligence,
any employee, or where such injuries have resulted in his death,
the fact that such employee may have been guilty o f contributory
negligence shall not bar a recovery, but the damages shall be
148
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
diminished by the ju ry in proportion to the amount o f negli
gence attributable to such em p loyee: Provided, That no such em
ployee, who may be injured or killed, shall be held to have been
guilty o f contributory negligence in any case where the violation
o f [by] such common carrier o f any statute enacted for the safety
o f employees contributed to the in ju ry or death o f such employee.
A ssu m p tion
S ec . 3. In any action brought against any common carrier,
of risks.
under or by virtue o f any o f the provisions o f this act, to recover
damages fo r injuries to, or death of, any o f its employees, such
employee shall not be held to have assumed the risk o f his em
ployment in any case where the violation by such common carrier
o f any statute enacted fo r the safety o f employees contributed
to the injury, or death o f such employee.
Waivers.
S ec. 4. Any contract, rule, regulation, or device whatsoever, the
purpose or intent o f which shall be to enable any common carrier
to exempt itself from any liability created by this act, shall to
that extent be v o id : Provided, That in any action brought against
any such common carrier under or by virtue o f any o f the pro
visions o f this act, such common carrier may set off therein any
sum it has contributed or paid to any insurance, relief benefit, or
indemnity that may have been paid to the injured employee or
the person entitled thereto on account o f the injury or death for
which said action was brought.
Scope of law.
S ec . 5. The term “ common carrier ” as used in this act shall
include the receivers or other persons or corporations charged
with the duty o f the management or operation o f the business o f
a common carrier, whose motive power is steam ; but shall not in
clude persons, firms or corporations owning or operating steam
railroads when such railroads are prim arily and chiefly used as
incidental to the operation o f coal, gypsum, or iron mines, or saw
mills, nor shall it apply to any railroad owned or operated by any
county.
D e c la r a t io n
S e c . 6. The declaration or other pleading in any such action
la w C1* Fede
may embrace in one or m ore counts thereof a cause o f action
growing out o f any act o f Congress o f the United States o f
Am erica fo r said injury or death, without being demurrable on
this account and without the plaintiff being required to elect
under which statute he cla im s: Provided, That the provisions o f
this act shall not apply to electric railw ays or roads that are in
part electric, operated w holly w ithin this State.
Approved M arch 21, 1916.
C h a p te r 458.— Mine regulations.
Who respon-
Slbl°*
Evidence.
[This act amends section 13 o f chapter 178, Acts o f 1912, by
adding the owner o f a mine to the list o f persons charged w ith
the duty o f employing a mine foreman, and changes slightly the
procedure in procuring supplies o f timber for props, etc. Miners
are forbidden to continue to w ork in places known to be unsafe or
which might be recognized as such by ordinary care, “ but the
happening o f an accident shall not in itself be held to be evidence
o f such knowledge, or lack o f ordinary care on his part, or o f
negligence on the part o f the company.” ]
C hapter
514.— Factory? etc., regulations— F ire escapes.
S ection 1. An act entitled an act to provide fire escapes from
buildings o f over three stories * * * [section 1067a, code o f
1904, shall] be amended and reenacted so as to read as follow s:
Fire escapes
Section 1. It shall be the duty o f the owner or owners o f every
to be provided,
workshop, mill or place where the m anufacture o f goods
o f any kind is carried on, * * * mercantile establishment and
office building o f over three stories in height, or where as many
as fifteen persons are employed, * * * above the second story
o f such building, then o f three stories in height, * * * to pro
vide for the safe exit o f the occupants thereof in case o f fire by
the erection, construction or maintenance in good condition o f
LABOR LEGISLATION OF 1916---- VIRGINIA.
149
fire escapes o f the most improved modern design. The character Character and
and design o f said fire escapes shall, in cities and towns be se- desi^n*
lected by the council o f said cities and to w n s ; and where the
buildings are not located in cities or towns by the board o f super
visors o f the county. But in case o f any city, town, or county
which has not prior to the first day o f July, nineteen hundred and
sixteen, made such selection, the commissioner o f labor shall give
sixty days’ notice to the mayor o f such city or town, or the chair
man o f the board o f supervisors o f such county o f his intention
to prescribe adequate fire escapes for such city or town or cou n ty ;
and if, at the expiration o f said sixty days, council o f such city or
town, or the board o f supervisors o f such county has failed to
adopt proper regulations by ordinance, legal order or otherwise
governing the erection o f said fire escapes, then the commissioner
o f labor shall proceed to prescribe and publish regulations govern
ing the erection, character and design o f adequate fire escapes for
such city, town, or county, w hich regulations shall have the same
force and effect as i f adopted by the council o f such city or town,
or board o f supervisors o f such county. But this act shall not be
construed to compel the owners o f any such buildings who have
complied w ith the law as it now stands and whose fire escapes
have been approved by the council o f any city or town or the
board o f supervisors o f any county, to change the character and
design o f their fire escapes should the said council or the said
board o f supervisors select a different character and design o f fire
escap es; unless it shall appear that such fire escapes now in use
are inadequate, and provided that this act shall not apply to cities
having a board or committee o f public safety.
Sec. 2. Any owner or owners o f such buildings who shall Violations,
violate the provisions o f this act shall be deemed guilty o f a
misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not less than
twenty-five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars for each
month they shall fail to provide such fire escapes.
Approved March 23, 1916.
C hapter
515.— F a ctory, etc ., regulations— Foundries.
S e c t i o n 1. Chapter three hundred and thirty-three o f the acts
o f nineteen hundred and fourteen, [shall] be amended and re
enacted by adding an independent section thereto to read as
fo llo w s :
Sec. 2. Every such person, firm or corporation shall provide Washrooms,
adequate and proper wash rooms and toilets for the, use o f their etc*
employees, such w^ash rooms and toilets to be provided with at
least one washbowl and one commode for every six molders,
such wash rooms and toilets to be connected w ith the shop and to
be shielded from the weather. Such person, firm or corporation
shall provide Such w’ ash rooms and toilets within thirty days
after being notified by the commissioner o f labor, or other proper,
officer so to do, and upon refusal or failure so to do shall be
deemed guilty o f a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, shall be
fined ten dollars for each day after the expiration o f the said
thirty days, until such wash rooms and toilets are provided.
Approved M arch 23, 1916.
C hapter
517.— Labor agents.
S e c t i o n 1. Sections one hundred and twenty-eight and one
hundred and twenty-nine o f * * * [the tax bill o f 1903, shall]
be amended and reenacted so as to read as fo llo w s :
Sec. 128. Any person who solicits, hires, or contracts with, Who are labor
laborers, male or female, to be, employed by persons other than agents,
himself, and every agent o f such person, except as provided in
the next follow ing section, shall be deemed to be a labor ag en t;
and no person shall engage in such business without having
150
License
quired.
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
r e nrst obtained license therefor.
Every person who shall without
a license conduct business as a labor agent, shall pay a fine o f
not less than one hundred dollars ($ 1 00 ), nor m ore than five
hundred dollars ($500).
Sec. 129. Every person who engages in the bilsiness o f a labor
Fee.
agent except as hereinbelow provided shall pay annually five
hundred dollars ($500) for the purpose, o f transacting the said
business, but before any such license shall be issued, the appli
cant shall produce a certificate from the corporation court o f
the city, or the circuit court o f the county in which such labor
agent proposes to have his office, or o f the county in which he
proposes to do business, that to the personal knowledge o f the
judge o f such court, or from the inform ation o f credible witnesses
under oath before such court, the court is satisfied that the
applicant is a person o f good character and honest dem eanor:
Provided, That labor agents in cities and towns o f the Com
Local offices. monwealth who have and keep a regular office in such city or
town, and who transact all their business in such office, and
who do not in person or by agent solicit, or hire or contract w ith
laborers outside o f such office, or attempt so to do, except by w rit
ten or telegraphic or telephonic communication, shall be required
to pay annually only twenty-five dollars ($25) license tax fo r such
privilege, and the license so paid for and obtained shall permit
all the employees and agents o f such person who assist in the
prosecution o f such w ork in such office only, as aforesaid, to aid
therein.
Emergency.
S ec . 2. An emergency existing by reason o f the fact that indus
tries are being crippled by the employment o f laborers by irre
sponsible and itinerant labor agents to be transported to other
States, this act shall be in force from its passage.
Approved M arch IT, 1916.
UNITED STATES.
AC TS O F 64TH CONGRESS— F IR S T SESSION, 1915-16.
A ct N o. 68.— Railroads — Hours o f labor.
[This act amends section 3 o f chapter 2939, Acts o f 1906-7, by
making the penalty fo r violations “ not less than $100 nor more
than $500,” instead o f “ not to exceed $500.” ]
Penalties.
A ct No. 85.— Civil em ploym ent of enlisted men.
Section 1. H ereafter no enlisted man in the active service o f the Com petiti
employme
United States in the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps, respectively, forbidden.
whether a noncommissioned officer, musician, or private, shall be
detailed, ordered, or permitted to leave his post to engage in any
pursuit, business, or perform ance in civil life, for emolument,
hire, or otherwise, when the same shall interfere with the cus
tom ary employment and regular engagement o f local civilians in
the respective arts, trades, or professions.
Approved June 3, 1916.
A ct N o. 249.— Em ploym ent o f children— In terstate com m erce in
products o f child labor.
Section 1. No producer, m anufacturer, or dealer shall ship or Scope of act,
deliver for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce any article
or commodity the product o f any mine or quarry, situated in the
United States, in which within thirty days prior to the time o f the
removal o f such product therefrom children under the age o f
sixteen years have been employed or permitted to work, or any
article or com m odity the product o f any mill, cannery, workshop,
factory, or m anufacturing establishment, situated in the United
States, in which within thirty days prior to the removal o f such
product therefrom children under the age o f fourteen years have
been employed or permitted to w^ork, or children between the ages
o f fourteen years and sixteen years have been employed or per
mitted to w ork more than eight hours in any day, or more than
six days in any week, or after the hour o f seven o’clock post
meridian, or before the hour o f six o ’clock antem eridian: P rovided, That a prosecution and conviction o f a defendant for the
shipment or delivery for shipment o f any article or commodity
under the conditions herein prohibited shall be a bar to any
further prosecution against the same defendant for shipments or
deliveries fo r shipment o f any such article or commodity before
the beginning o f said prosecution.
Sec. 2. The Attorney General, the Secretary o f Commerce, and Adminis t r a
the Secretary o f Labor shall constitute a board to make and pub tion.
lish from time to time uniform rules and regulations fo r carrying
out the provisions o f this act.
Sec. 3. For the purpose o f securing proper enforcement o f this Enforcement.
act the Secretary o f Labor, or any person duly authorized by him,
shall have authority to enter and inspect at any time mines, quar
ries, mills, canneries, workshops, factories, m anufacturing estab
lishments, and other places in which goods are produced or held
for interstate com m erce; and the Secretary o f Labor shall have
authority to employ such assistance for the purposes o f this act as
may from time to time be authorized by appropriation or other
law.
151
152
B U L L E T IN
+ P y t y ° f diTs’
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
S e c . 4. It shall be the duty o f each district attorney to w hom
attorneys. the g ecretary c f Labor shall report any violation o f this act, or
to whom any State factory or mining or quarry inspector, com
missioner o f labor, State medical inspector, or school-attendance
officer, or any other person shall present satisfactory evidence o f
any such violation to cause appropriate proceedings to be com
menced and prosecuted in the proper courts o f the United States
without delay for the enforcement o f the penalties in such cases
Exemption.
herein provided: Provided, That nothing in this act shall be con
strued to apply to bona fide boys’ and girls’ canning clubs recog
nized by the A gricultural Department o f the several States and
o f the United States.
Violations.
gEC> 5 . Any person who violates any o f the provisions o f section
one o f this act, or w ho refuses or obstructs entry or inspection
authorized by section three o f this act, shall fo r each offense prior
to the first conviction o f such person under the provisions o f this
act, be punished by a fine o f not m ore than $200 , and shall for
each offense subsequent to such conviction be punished by a fine
o f not more than $ 1 ,000 , nor less than $ 100 , or by imprisonment
for not more than three months, or by both such fine and im
prisonment, in the discretion o f the cou rt: Provided, That no
dealer shall be prosecuted under the provisions o f this act for a
shipment, delivery for shipment, or transportation who establishes
a guaranty issued by the person by whom the goods shipped or
Guaranty.
delivered fo r shipment or transportation w ere m anufactured or
produced, resident in the United States, to the effect that such
goods w ere produced or m anufactured in a mine or quarry in
which w ithin thirty days prior to their rem oval therefrom no
children under the age o f sixteen years w ere employed or per
mitted to w ork, or in a mill, cannery, workshop, factory, or manu
facturing establishment, in which within thirty days prior to the
removal o f such goods therefrom no children under the age o f
fourteen years w ere employed or perm itted to work, nor children
between the ages o f fourteen years and sixteen years employed or
permitted to w ork m ore than eight hours in any day or more than
six days in any week or after the hour o f seven o’clock post
meridian or before the hour o f six o ’clock antem eridian; and in
such event, i f the guaranty contains any false statement o f a ma
terial fact, the guarantor shall be amenable to prosecution and
to the fine or imprisonment provided by this section fo r violation
o f the provisions o f this act. Said guaranty, to afford the pro
tection above provided, shall contain the name and address o f the
person giving the sam e: And provided fu rth er, That no producer,
m anufacturer, or dealer shall be prosecuted under this act for the
shipment, delivery for shipment, or transportation o f a product
o f any mine, quarry, mill, cannery, workshop, factory, or manu
facturing establishment, i f the only employment therein, w ithin
•
thirty days prior to the removal o f such product therefrom , o f a
child under the age o f sixteen years has been that o f a child as to
whom the producer or m anufacturer has in good faith procured,
at the time o f employing such child, and has since in good faith
faithtS in g°° d re^ e(^ upon and kept on file a certificate, issued in such form ,
under such conditions, and by such persons as may be prescribed
by the board, showing the child to be o f such an age that the ship
ment, delivery for shipment, or transportation w as not prohibited
by this act. Any person who knowingly makes a false statement
or presents false evidence in or in relation to any such certificate
or application therefor shall be amenable to prosecution and to
the fine or imprisonment provided by this section for violations
o f this act. In any State designated by the board, an employment
certificate or other similar paper as to the age o f the child, issued
under the laws o f that State and not inconsistent w ith the pro
visions o f this act, shall have the same force and effect as a certifi
cate herein provided for.
LABOR LEG ISLA TIO N OF 1916---- U N IT E D STA TES.
Sec. 6 . The w ord “ person ” as used in this act shall be con
strued to include any individual or corporation or the members
o f any partnership or other unincorporated association. The
term “ ship or deliver for shipment in interstate or foreign com
merce ” as used in this act means to transport or to ship or deliver
for shipment from any State or Territory or the D istrict o f
Columbia to or through any other State or T erritory or the D istict
o f Columbia or to any foreign cou n try ; and in the case o f a
dealer means only to transport or to ship or deliver fo r shipment
from the State, Territory, or district o f m anufacture or produc
tion.
Sec. 7. This act shall take effect from and after one year from
the date o f its passage.
Approved September 1 , 1916.
153
Definition.
Act in effect.
Act No.. 252.— Railroads — Eiglit-hour standard toorkday.
Standard
Section 1. Beginning January first, nineteen hundred and
seventeen, eight hours shall, in contracts for labor and service, be work day.
deemed a day’s w ork and the measure or standard o f a day’s
w ork fo r the purpose o f reckoning the compensation fo r services
o f all employees who are now or may hereafter be employed by
any common carrier by railroad, except railroads independently
owned and operated not exceeding one hundred miles in length,
electric street railroads, and electric interurban railroads, which
is subject to the provisions o f the act o f February fourth, eight
een hundred and eighty-seven, entitled “ An act to regulate com
merce,” as amended, and who are now or may hereafter be Scope of law.
actually engaged in any capacity in the operation o f trains used
for the transportation o f persons or property on railroads, except
railroads independently owned and operated not exceeding one
hundred miles in length, electric street railroads, and electric in
terurban railroads, from any State or T erritory o f the United
States or the D istrict o f Columbia to aijy other State or T erritory
o f the United States or the D istrict o f Columbia, o r -fr o m one
place in a T erritory to another place in the same Territory, or
from any place in the United States to an adjacent foreign coun
try, or from any place in the United States through a foreign
country to any other place in the United S ta tes: Provided, That
the above exceptions shall not apply to railroads though less than
one hundred miles in length whose principal business is leasing
or furnishing terminal or transfer facilities to other railroads
or are themselves engaged in transfers o f freight between rail
roads or between railroads and industrial plants.
Sec. 2. The President shall appoint a commission o f three, Comm i s s i o n
to observe and
which shall observe the operation and effects o f the institution report.
o f the eight-hour standard w orkday as above defined and the
facts and conditions affecting the relations between such common
carriers and employees during a period o f not less than six
months nor more than nine months, in the discretion o f the com
mission, and w ithin thirty days thereafter such commission shall
report its findings to the President and C on gress; that each mem
ber o f the commission created under the provisions o f this act
shall receive such compensation as may be fixed by the President.
That the sum o f $25,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary,
be, and hereby is, appropriated, out o f any money in the United
States Treasury not otherwise ,appropriated, for the necessary
and proper expenses incurred in connection with the w ork o f such
commission, including salaries,> per diem, traveling expenses o f
members and employees, and rent, furniture, office fixtures and
supplies, books, salaries, and other necessary expenses, the same
to be approved by the chairm an o f said commission and audited
by the proper accounting officers o f the Treasury.
134
t«,o change
rates.
Overtime.
Violations.
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U O F LABOR STA TISTICS.
Sec. 3„ Fending the report of the commission herein provided
for and for a period of thirty days thereafter the compensation of
railway employees subject to this act for a standard eight-hour
workday shall not be reduced below the present standard day’s
wage, and for all necessary time in excess of eight hours such
employees shall be paid at a rate not less than the pro rata rate
for such standartT eight-hour workday.
Sec. 4. Any person violating any provision of this act shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be fined not less
than $ 10 0 and not more than $ 1 ,000 , or imprisoned not to exceed
one year, or both.
Approved September 3, 1916.
Approved September 5, 1916.
[This act is constitutional. Congress has power to fix the hours of
labor on railroads engaged in interstate commerce, to determine wage rates,
and to arbitrate disputes in such a manner as to secure the continued
operation of the roads. Wilson v. New, 37 Sup. Ct., 298.] •
CUMULATIVE INDEX.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
No.
Accidents in mines, re
ports and investigation
of—Concluded.
Illinois..........................
Indiana........................
Iowa..............................
186
186
74,75
166
209
587,588
1285
1430
1674
2256
146
416,417
561,571
646
Indiana.....................
Iowa..............................
757
Kansas......................
776,777
861,862
Louisiana..................
878,889
Maine........................
Massachusetts........... 1033-1035 166
Minnesota.................
1097
1132,1133
1179
Missouri....................
Montana...................
Nebraska..................
New Jersey...............
New York.................
Ohio..........................
Oklahoma....................
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania............
Rhode Island............
Tennessee..................
Wisconsin.................
(See also Inspection of
factories, etc.)
Accidents in mines, re
ports and investigation
of:
Alabama...................
Alaska..........................
Arizona.....................
Arkansas...................
Colorado....................
Idaho........................
Page.
Page.
A.
Abandonment of employ
ment. (See Contracts
of employment.)
Abandonment of locomotives; etc. (See Strikes
of railroad employees.)
Absence, leave o f / (See
Leave of absence.)
Accident i n s u r a n c e .
(See Insurance, acci
dent.)
Accident, old age, etc.,
relief:
Alaska..........................
Arizona........................
Accident prevention:
Illinois..........................
Nebraska.....................
New Jersey.................
Ohio..............................
Virginia........................
Wisconsin....................
Accidents, i n d u s t r i a l ,
commission on, digest
of lav/ as to .....................
Accidents, i n d u s t r i a l ,
reports and investiga
tion of:
Connecticut.................
Illinois..........................
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
186
1300
1391
1415.1421
1481,1482
1489,1510
1647,1648
1717,1718
1769 186
1787
1849,1927
1971
2030
2064,2065
2258 186
2292,2293
166,168.
193
219,220
236
336,340
341,387
510
Kansas..........................
Kentucky....................
Maryland.....................
Michigan......................
Minnesota....................
Missouri........................
Montana......................
Nevada........................
New Mexico................
New York....................
North Carolina...........
Ohio..............................
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
614
658
730,753
758,759
780,781
166
927
1077
1111
1190,1191
1268
1330,1331
1448
1525,1526
1569-1571
1618,1619
1621,1627
1735
Oklahoma....................
1812
Pennsylvania.............
1813,1876
1904,1915
2010
South Dakota.............
Tennessee.................... 2030,2050
2117,2118
Utah...........................
2174
Virginia...................
Washington.............. 2203,2204
2253 186
West Virginia...........
Wyoming.................... 2339,2344
2410
United States...........
58
409,415
(See also Mine regula
tions.)
141
212-215
311,312
421
Accidents on railroads,
etc., reports and inves
tigation of:
Alabama.......................
Arizona.....................
California..................
Colorado...................
Connecticut...............
District of Columbia..
Florida......................
Hawaii......................
Illinois......................
Indiana....................
Iowa..............................
Kansas... ...................
Kentucky..................
Maine........................
Maryland..................
Massachusetts...........
Michigan..... ..............
Minnesota..................
Mississippi................
Missouri....................
Montana...................
Nevada.....................
New Hampshire.......
New Jersey..................
New York.................
North Dakota...........
Ohio.........................
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania.............
Rhode Island............
South Carolina..........
157
230
186
87
351
403,422
464
467,478
506
627
664
675,705
724
776,777
813
890,891
897
949,950
1073
1109
1149
1216
1231,1271
1335,1336
1366
1409
1554
1593,1594
1604
1764,1773 i 8 6 * " 3ii;3i2
1937,1938
1989
1995-1997
155
156
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Accidents on railroads,
etc., reports and inves
tigation of—Concluded.
South Dakota.............
Vermont......................
Virginia........................
Washington................
Wisconsin____
United States.
Accidents on vessels, etc.:
Michigan....................
New Y ork.................
United States...........
Accidents, provisions for:
Alabama.....................
Alaska........................
Arizona......................
Arkansas....................
California...................
Colorado.....................
Connecticut...............
Illinois........................
Indiana........... .
Iowa..................
Kentucky.........
Maryland.........
Massachusetts..
No.
Air space required in
workrooms:
Arizona........................
Illinois..........................
Indiana........................
Maryland....................
Michigan......................
Minnesota...................
2020
1059
1542
186
449
186
71
180
244
307,308
186
580-582
614
659,677
753
831 166
932
982
119
149
67
132
186
Michigan..
Montana..
1070,1091
1243
1214,1206
1335
Nevada.................
New Hampshire.
13G2
New Jersey..........
1409
New Mexico........
1447
New York............
1515
1575,1576
North Carolina...
Ohio......................
1020,1G25
Oklahoma............
1738
1803,1836
Pennsylvania___
1837,1897
Porto R ico..
1955
Tennessee...
2063
2065-2067
Utah.............................. 2113,2120
Virginia........................ 2172,2173
Washington................. 2205,2206
West Virginia.............
2251
Wisconsin....................
2284
Wyoming.....................
2341
Actions for injuries. (See
Injuries.)
Actions for wages. (See
Suits for wages.)
Advances made by em
ployers. ( ^ E m p lo y
ers’ advances, etc.)
Aeronauts, examination,
etc., of, digest of law re
lating to...........................
143
Age not ground for dis
charge:
Colorado.......................
334
Age of employment of
children. (See Chil
dren, etc.)
Age of employment of tel
egraph operators on rail*
roads. (See Telegraph
operators, etc.)
Agents, emigrant. (See
Emigrant agents.)
Aid societies. ( ^ B e n e
fit societies.)
Air, compressed, work in.
(See Compressed air.)
Bulletin.
No.
2138,2139
2154
2210,2213
2214,2217
2284,2285
2425,2426
2429,2430
220
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
283,284
193
404
New Jersey.. .
New York___
Pennsylvania.
Porto Kico___
Tennessee........
Wisconsin.......
(See also Factories
and workrooms.)
Alien contract labor:
Delaware..................
Hawaii......................
Indiana.....................
Virginia.....................
Wyoming..................
United States...........
(See also C o o l i e
labor.)
Alien laborers, employ
ment of, in fisheries:
Alaska......................
Washington..............
Alien laborers, protection
of:
Connecticut..............
Hawaii......................
New York.................
Pennsylvania...........
Wyoming.................
Aliens, employers of, to
deduct taxes from
wages:
Pennsylvania...........
Aliens, employment of:
Arizona.....................
Aliens, employment of,
on public works:
Arizona.....................
California..................
Hawaii......................
Idaho........................
Massachusetts...........
New Jersey...............
New York............... .
Pennsylvania...........
Wyoming.................
(See also Chinese, em
ployment of; Pub
lic works, prefer
ence of resident la
borers on.)
American Museum of
Safety:
New York................
Antitrust act:
Texas........................
United States..........
Antitrust act, labor or
ganizations not included
under:
California.............
Louisiana.............
Massachusetts.......
Michigan..............
Montana...............
Wisconsin.......
United States.
Page.
211
568,569
648
918
1069
103,104
1120
1141,1142
1390
1509,1518
1839,1847 186
1963
2264
2266,2321
339
382
433
434
495
642
2152
2331
2414-2416
185,186
397
405
505
1531,1532
337
2347
1844,1845
75
196,197
261,277
496,502
507,519
967
1386
1479,1480
1838,1839
2328
1561 166
19,90
251
186
2094,2095
2102-2404
290
840
1051
1237
1238,1244
2284
235,236
439
157
C U M U L A T IV E IN D E X OF LABOR L A W S .
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Appliances, safety, in fac
tories. (See Guards for
dangerous machinery.)
Appliances, safety, on
railroads.
(See Rail
roads, safety appliances
on.)
Apprentice laws, digest of
Arbitration and media
tion:
Alabama......................
Alaska..........................
Arkansas......................
California....................
Colorado. . ..................
Connecticut................
Georgia........................
Idaho...........................
Illinois----Indiana. . .
Iowa..........
Kansas___
Louisiana.
Maine........
Maryland.
Massachusetts___
Michigan...............
Minnesota.............
Missouri................
Montana...............
Nebraska..............
Nevada.................
New Hampshire.
New Jersey..........
New York............
Ohio.......................
Oklahoma.
Pennsylvania...........
Philippine Islands...
South Carolina........ .
Texas...................... .
Utah.........................
Vermont..................
Washington..............
Wisconsin................
Wyoming................
United States...........
Armed guards, hiring:
Alaska.....................
Arkansas..................
Colorado..................
Illinois.....................
Massachusetts..........
Missouri..................
Oklahoma...............
Tennessee................
Washington.............
W isconsin................
(See also Industrial
police.)
Assignment of wages:
Alabama..................
Arkansas.................
California.................
Colorado..................
Connecticut.............
Delaware.................
Georgia....................
Illinois.....................
Indiana...................
Iowa...........
Kentucky..
Louisiana..
Maine.........
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
Page.
Assignment of wagesConcluded.
Maryland.................
Massachusetts.........
Michigan___
Minnesota...
Mississippi.
Missouri___
Montana...
Nebraska..,
113-118
154-157
63,64
136
193-196
1099,1100
1173-1175
1223-1225
1308-1310
1322-1324
1367,1368
1373
1529,1530
1605,1609
1658-1661
1703,1704
1709,1710
1925,1926
1946
2071-2073
2105-2108
2147-2150 186
2196,2197
2297
2328
2440-2445
198
137,138
894,895
984,986
987,1010
71,74
191-193
1112,1121
1202
51,52
166
1246,1247
1287-1290 186
New Hampshire.
New Jersey..........
1356
1374-1376
1398,1399
New York___
1479,1552
1672,1673
Ohio.................
Pennsylvania.
1825
1864,1926
Rhode Island.............. 1985,1986
2034
Tennessee.....................
Texas...........................
2135-2137
Vermont......................
Washington.................
2190
Wisconsin....................
2292
Wyoming....................
2332
(See also Payment of
wages; Wage bro
kers.)
Assignments of claims to
avoid exemption laws,
(See Exemption of
wages.)
Associations,cooperative,
87-92
list of laws relating t o . .
Associations of employees,
(See Benefit societies.)
Attachment of wages:
Connecticut.................
397
1824
Pennsylvania.............
Attorneysr fees in suits
for wages. (See Suits
for wages.)
B.
188,189
231,232
364,365
551
969,970
1164
1720
2056,2057
21S4
2308
165
250
265
350,351
411
434
485
621
639
640,663
676,677
738
834,835
851,862
874,875
No.
1133,1134
0-27
163-165
190-192
259
277,278
333 186
408,409
493
507
513-517
535-538
634-638 186
761-763
765,766
837-839
879-881
893,894 213
903-905
963-966
Bulletin.
Badges, etc., of labor or
ganizations. (See La
bor organizations, etc.)
Bakeries, hours of labor
in. (See Hours of la
bor.)
Bakeries, inspection, etc.,
of.
(See Inspection,
etc.)
Bankruptcy:
United* States............. 2406,2407
Barber shops, inspection
of.
(See Inspection,
etc., of barber shops.)
Barbers,
examination,
etc., of, digest of laws
127-132
relating to...................... .
Barrooms, payment of
wages in. (See Pay
ment of wages in bar
rooms.)
Basements. (See Cellars,
etc.)
Benefit societies:
1060
Michigan....................
1603
Ohio..............................
Philippine Islands. . . 1941,1942
(See also Relief de
partments.)
Benefit societies, forced
contributions for. (See
Forced contributions.)
145
217
219-222
........155
174,190
301-304
386-388
158
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B tJB E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Blacklisting:
Alabama......................
Connecticut............... .
^finnfisota ........... .......
Mississippi...................
Nevada........................
New Mexico................
North Carolina...........
North Dakota.............
Oklahoma...................
Oregon..........................
Texas............................
No.
154,155
196 186
228,229
243
275
324
417
422,423
m
539
641,642
743
773
1097
1107,1108
1149,1150
1165
1230,1239
1341 186
1441,1442
1575
1583,1591
1721
1750
2073-2075
2092,2093
2105,2109
2158
2190,2191
2308
Utah.............................
Virginia........................
Washington................
Wisconsin....................
(See also Discharge,
statement of cause
of ;
Interference
with employment,
and cross refer
ences.)
Blasting in mines. (See
Mine regulations.)
Boarding houses. (See
Lodging houses.)
Boarding or commissary
cars, taxation of:
Mississippi..................
213
Boards of arbitration.etc.
(See Arbitration of la
bor disputes.)
Boatmen. (See Seamen.)
Boilers, creating an un
safe amount of steam in.
(See Negligence of op
erators, etc.)
Boilers, entering under
pressure:
Oklahoma...................
1723
Boilers, steam, inspec
tion of. (See Inspec
tion, etc.)
Bonds, contractors’, list
of laws relating to..........
86-79
Bonds of employees:
Arizona........................
213,214
Arkansas......................
251,252
Florida.........................
476,477
Georgia.........................
494
Idaho............................
533
Louisiana....................
865,866
Massachusetts.............
968
Mississippi...................
166
Missouri....................... 1205,1206
New Mexcio................
1435
North Carolina........... 1577,1578
Oklahoma................... 1704,1705
Virginia........................
166
West Virginia.............
186
Boycotting:
Alabama......................
154,155
Colorado.......................
324
Illinois..........................
539
Indiana........................
632,633
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
Page.
Page.
73,74
230,231
81
146,147
209,210
417,418
Boycotting—Concluded.
Texas............................
United States.............
(See also Interference
with employment,
and cross refer
ences.)
B r a k e m e n , sufficient
number of. (See Rail
road trains, sufficient
crew required on.)
Brakes cmrailroad trains,
(See Railroads, safety
appliances on.)
Bribery, etc., of employ
ees:
California.....................
Connecticut.................
Indiana ......................
Io w a ...........................
M aine..........................
Massachusetts.............
Michigan......................
Nebraska.....................
Nevada.. - ...................
New Jersey..................
New York...................
North Carolina...........
Rhode Island..............
South Carolina...........
Virginia........................
Washington.................
Wisconsin....................
Bribery of representa
tives of labor organiza
tions:
Nevada........................
New Jersey.................
New Y ork..............
Brickyards, hours of la
bor of employees in:
New York..........
Bridges over railroad
tracks. (See Railroad
tracks, etc.)
Buildings, protection of
employees on. (See
Protection of employ
ees, etc.)
Bureau, Children’s:
United States.............
Bureau of labor:
Arkansas......................
California. . .
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
166
235,236
186
87, S3
2095,2099
411,412
668,669
743,744
876
968,969
1054,1055
1318,1319
1342,1343
1377
1543
1581,1582
1987,1988
2000,2001
2162
2184
2308,2309
1343
1406
1542,1543
1476
1477,1548
2431
257-259
284-286 186
306
Colorado......................
331-334 186
Connecticut.................
405 186
Delaware..........
186
Georgia..........
492-494
Hawaii..........................
495
499-501
504-506
Idaho....................
507
512,513
Illinois.....................
565,566
Indiana. . .
650,651 186
Iowa-...............
724-726 186
TTa.n.<»a.R...................
796-798
803,804
Kentucky . 809-812 213
Louisiana
849 166
852,853
Maine ........................
878,879 186
884-887
Maryland.....................
903-905 213
961,962 166
Massachusetts___ .
1015-1017 213
Michigan
1061-1C63 186
1073
90,92
105-118
122
122,123
151,152
160
49
90,91
180,181
62-65
132
76
190
15»
C U M U L A T IV E IN D E X OP LABOR L A W S .
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
No.
Page.
Bureau of labor—Concld.
1126
1134,1138
1170,1171
1217
1271,1272
1290,1291
Nevada........................
New Hampshire........
186
231-233
1358,1359
1366-1368
158
New Jersey................. 1385,1386 m
1392,3193 186 : 241,242
2m, 247
1417,1418
213
New Y ork................... 1482-1490 166
174-176
1532 186
261,266
"North Carol ina ........... 1567,1568 186
296
North Dakota............ 1583 1584
Ohio.............................. 1605’ 1663
Oklahoma................... 1703 1708
1709!1742
Oregon.......................... 1750-1752 186
317
Pennsylvania............. 1921-1926 186
319,320
329,331
332,337
338
Philippine Islands. . . 1945-1947 166
198
186
363
Porto Rico................... 1959-1961
Rhode Isl-artd.............
1975
South Carolina........... 1991-1894
South Dakota............. 2023-2025
Tennessee-................... 2029^2031
Texas............................ 2077-2079
2096,2097
U tah ...............
2121,2122 186
393
2129,2130
Virginia........................
2151 166
211,212
2155,2156
W ashington................ 2187-2189
"West Virginia............. 2233,2234 186
416,417
United States............. 2353, 2354
2411-2413
2434
2438-2440
(See also Commission,
industrial, ete.)
Bureau of mines:
Arizon-a........................
186
73
Colorado......................
335-341
Kentucky....................
166"
53-56
Louisiana....................
863
Missouri.......................
1191
Pennsylvania............. 1831-1834 186
335
1933
Tennessee.................... 2029-2031
Virginia........................
2166
West Virginia___
2243-2245 186
399-401
United States............. 2426,2427
(See also Mine regula
tions.}
Bureau of public print
ing . (See Public print
ing office.)
G.
Caissons, etc., work in.
(See Compressed air,
work in.)
C a m p s , l a b o r . (See
Labor camps.)
Candidates for office, pro
tection of employees as:
Wyoming___ *............
Canneries, employment
of women in:
California..........
New York...................
Cannery inspector. (See
Inspector, cannery.)
2332
213
1561
, Bulletin
i No. 148.
Bulletin.
29-32
i
Cause of discharge. (See
Discharge, statement of
cause of.)
Cellars and basements,
use of:
California.....................
Illinois.
. .
Michigan......................
Minnesota....................
New Jersey.................
New York...................
Ohio.............................
Oklahoma...................
Pennsylvania.............
Wisconsin....................
Certificates, employers7.
(See Employers' certifi
cates.)
Charges, false, against
railroad employees.
(See Railroad employ
ees, etc.)
Chauffeurs, examination,
etc., of, digest of laws
relating t o ............. .........
Checks, p a y me n t of
wages in. -(See Pay
ment of wages in scrip.)
Child labor commission:
Delaware.....................
Child labor, n a t i o n a l
committee on, incorpo
ration of:
United States.............
Childbearing women,
employment of. (See
W omen, childbearing.)
Children and women,
commission on employ
ment of, digest of laws
as to.................................
! Children and women,
employment of, in base
ments:
New Y ork...................
J Children and women, emj ployment of, in mines:
1
A labama......................
i
Arkansas......................
Colorado__
Illinois..........................
Indiana........................
Maryland.....................
Missouri............
New Y ork...................
Oklahoma...................
Pennsylvania.............
Utah.............................
Virginia......................
Washington................
West Virginia.............
W voming
(See also Children,
etc.; Women, etc.)
Children and women,
wages of:
Massachusetts.............
(See also Earnings of
married
women;
Earnings of minors;
Minimum wages;
Women, wages of.)
Children, corporal pun
ishment of, by employ
ers, etc.:
Georgia........................
Porto Rico.
.........
Children, earnings of.
( See E a r n i n g s c f
minors.)
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
278
561 186
1071
1119
1418
1523,1524
1649
1741
186
2262,2266
Page.
145
359> 360
132-135
438,439 186
123
2416,2417
149
1535,1536
183
236
381
615
663
932,933
1189
1526
1704
1791.1805
1899,1990
2105,2108
2173
2203
2252
2327,2330
986
484
1955
!
1
1
I. . .
! ......... .
;i86
406,407
160
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEATJ OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Children, employed, cer
tificates, registers, etc.,
of:
Alabama...................
Arizona................... .
Arkansas...................
California..................
Colorado.................. .
Connecticut............. .
Delaware.................
District of Columbia.
Florida....................
Georgia....................
Idaho...
Illinois..
Indiana.
Iowa..........
Kansas......
Kentucky..
Louisiana..
Maine........
Maryland..
Massachusetts..
Michigan...
Minnesota..
Mississippi.
Missouri___
Montana...
Nebraska............
New Hampshire.
New
New York.
North Carolina..
North Dakota...
Ohio................ .
Oklahoma......
Oregon...........
Pennsylvania.
Porto Rico.......
Rhode Island..
South Carolina.
South Dakota..
Tennessee........
Utah................
Vermont..........
Virginia...........
Washington__
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
Children, e m p l o y e d ,
schools for:
Alabama..................
Massachusetts..........
Pennsylvania..........
Wisconsin................
No.
161
199-202
248
279-283
353-358
419
420,425
442-449 186
453-455
472,473
484,485
531
542-549
707,708
727
791
827
828,832
857-860
870-872
901,902
907-910
953
973-979
1063-1066
1115
1116,1118
1150,1151 166
1156-1158
1218
1219,1229
1275,1276
1293-1297
1355
1363-1365
1387
1388,1407
1428,1429
1457,1458
1490-1494
1533-15^5
1578,1579
1596-1598
1667,1668
1674-1677
1695-1698
1713-1715
1753,1754
1791
1805,1846
]859-1882
1962
1968-1970
60-62
82,83
94-99
Arkansas___
California...
Colorado___
Connecticut.
31,32
41
Delaware__
161,162
33-35
51
178-180
123,124
56-61
64,69
126 133
184
71-73
75,76
196-198
148,149
District of Columbia.
Florida.....................
Georgia.................. .
Idaho.......................
Illinois.....................
Indiana...................
Iowa................
Kansas........... .
Kentucky........
Louisiana........
Maine..............
Maryland........
Massachusetts..
Michigan........ .
Minnesota...... .
Missouri..
Montana..
Nebraska..
Nevada...
New Hampshire.
New Jersey.........
235
New York....... .
162-166
North Carolina.
North Dakota..
Ohio................
168-170
85,86
93-96
295
191-193
195
320
322-326
368-370
133-136
2060
2275
Children, employed, __ .
for. (See Seats for em
ployed children.)
Children, employment of,
age limit for:
Alabama...................
Arizona.....................
125
2131,2132
2141,2142
2163
2185,2191
2231,2232
2269
2272-2276
2278-2280
163
1018,1019
Bulletin.
No.
64^
1994,2002
2026
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
321
423
Oklahoma......
Oregon..........
Pennsylvania.
Porto Rico.......
Rhode Island..
South Carolina.
South Dakota..
Tennessee........
Texas...............
Utah................
Vermont..........
Virginia...........
Washington__
West Virginia..
Wisconsin......
United States............
{See also Children and
women, employ
ment of, in mines:
Children employ ed,
certificates, regis
ters, etc.j of; Chil
dren of widows, de
pendent parents,
etc.)
Children, employment of,
as messengers. (See
Children, employment
of, in street trades.)
160
195
197-202
247,248
279,281
325.352
401
419-421
440
441.445
452
472
484
530
542,546
645
692,693
727
790,791
827
857
870,877
906
973
1063
1115-1118
1150
1155
1228
1293
1344
1345,1348
1363
1386
1406,1407
186
59
81
94,!
166
31,32
186
160
33
88
178
55,56
133
196,198
166
148
166
155
166-168
170
1457
1490,1533
1572,1578 186
1583,1596
1674
1696-1700
1704,1712
1752
1761,1769
1791,1845
1858,1860
1962-1964 213
1967
1968,1980
2001,2007
2019,2026
2060
2097,2098
2131,2132
2135
2158,2163
2191
2231
2270-2272
2278
295
321
133
137
*383
’ 393
*212
151
C U M U L A T IV E
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Children, employment of,
fraud in:
Children, employment of,
general provisions for:
Alabama...................
....................
A rTransas,................
Colorado....................
Connecticut.. . .
Delaware...................
District of Columbia..
Florida......................
Georgia....................
Hawaii......................
Idaho.*.....................
Illinois.......................
Indiana.....................
Iowa.......
Kansas........
Kentucky .
Louisiana___
Maine.............
Maryland................
Massachusetts
Michigan...
Minnesota
Mississippi........
Missouri...................
Montana...................
No.
160-163 186
Arizona
197-202
229
247,248 186
252,253
279-283 186
289,290
292
324,325
352-358
399,400
419-421
440-449 186
452-455
458,459
470 186
472-476
484,4S5 166
213
496,497
530-532
542-547
580
644-646
692,693
707, 70S
727,728 186
737,738
790, 791 186
795, 796
809 166
827-832 213
857-860 166
213
867 186
869-872
900-903 166
906-915 213
59-64
81-83
94-100
125
129
31,32
41
160-162
171-175
33-38
47
87,88
51,53
178-180
166
186
213
123,124
55-61
65,69
133
184
71-73
186
196-198
1144 166
1150,1151
1155-1158
148,149
1 1 2 1 ,1 1 2 2
1 20 0 ,1 2 0 1
New Jersey............... 1386-1388 166
1406-1409 186
1427-1429
New York................. 1455-1458 186
213
North Carolina.......... 1565,1566 186
1572,1581
North Dakota.......... 1596-1599
Ohio.......................... 1667,1668 166
I 1674-1677
! 1695-1701
70404°—17------11
235
237,238
162-171
242
161
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Page.
1565
941,942
971-979
1018,1019
1030,1031
1035-1039
1054
1063-1066
1105
1115-1118
OF LABOR L A W S .
Bulletin.
1218,1219
1222,1223
1228,1229
1275,1276
Nebraska.................. 1293-1298
1316,1317
Nevada..................... 1326,1327
1348-1350
New Hampshire....... 1363-1365 186
IN D E X
191-193
195
No.
Page.
Children, employment of,
general provisions for—
Concluded.
Oklahoma................. 1712-1716
Oregon...................... 1752-1755 213’ ........ i i i
118,121
126,127
Pennsylvania............ 1845,1846 186 320-326
1857-1862
1864,1865
Porto Rico................ 1962-1964
Rhode Island............ 1967-1971 186* *367-370
213 133-136
South Carolina.......... 2 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 2 186 372,373
South Dakota,.......... 2025, 2026
Tennessee.................. 2060-2063 186" 382,383
Texas........................ 2097,2098 186 388,389
2 1 0 0 ,2 1 0 1
Utah......................... 2131,2132
2135 186
Vermont...................
2141,2142
Virginia.....................
166
2185 186
Washington..............
West V irginia........... 2231,2232
Wisconsin................. 2255, 2256. JL86
Wyoming..................
186
United States...........
213
(See also Children and
women.)
Children, employment of,
in barrooms, etc.:
Alaska......................
187
198,211
Arizona.....................
352
Colorado...................
423,424
Connecticut...............
445
Delaware...................
474 186
Florida......................
Hawaii......................
501,502
532
Idaho........................
630,693
Indiana.....................
Kentucky..................
166
Louisiana..................
213
900
Maryland..................
911,919
944
Massachusetts...........
945,1036
Michigan...................
186
1117
Minnesota.................
1158
Missouri....................
1338
Nevada.....................
1360
New Hampshire.___
1384
New Jersey...............
1540
New York.................
Ohio..........................
1700
1790
Pennsylvania............
Porto Rico................
1963
Rhode Island............
1977
2 011
South Dakota...........
Texas........................ 2091,2092
Utah.........................
2129 186
2139
Vermont...................
Virginia....... ..............
166
2238
West Virginia...........
2271
Wisconsin.................
Wyoming..................
186
Children, employment of,
in dangerous occupa
tions:
Alabama...................
186
195,198
Arizona.....................
2 0 0 ,2 0 1
258
93-96
295
Bulletin.
Arkansas...................
California..................
Colorado...................
Connecticut...............
Delaware...................
Florida
................
Illinois.......................
395
212-214
397,398
422-424
437,438
151-153
129
36
54
196
393
210
437
60
81,82
186
95,96
186
352,353
420,421 186’ ........ 120
441
442,445
474,475
546
162
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STAT ISTIC S.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Children^ employment of,
in dangerous occupa
tions—Conclud ed.
Louisiana..................
Maryland..................
Missouri ..................
Montana.
Nevada.-..................
New Ynq^c____ ___
Ohio..........................
Oklahoma.................
Pennsylvania............
Rhode Island............
South Carolina..........
South Dakota...........
Tennessee..................
Texas........................
Utah.........................
Vermont...................
Washington..............
West Virginia...........
Wisconsin.................
Wyoming..................
Children, employment of,
in #mendicant, acro
batic, immoral, etc., occuoations:
Arizona.....................
California..................
Colorado...................
Connecticut..............
Delaware.................
District of Columbia..
Florida......................
Georgia.....................
Idaho........................
Illinois......................
Indiana.....................
Iowa..........................
Kansas......................
Kentucky.................
Louisiana..................
Mainp.........................
Maryland..................
Massachusetts...........
Michigan...................
Minnesota.................
Missouri....................
Montana...................
Nebraska..................
Nevada.....................
New Hampshire.......
New Jersey................
New York.................
North Dakota...........
Ohio.........................
Oklahoma.................
Penns3ivania............
Porto Rico................
No.
647
692,693
727,740 186
791
809 166
829,830
859,861
906
907,911
978
1035,1038
1085
1117
1129,1130
1158,1179
1228
1298
1348,1349
1390 166
186
1512,1513 213
1598
1698-1700
1713
1787,1802 186
1845,1858
1971
1994,2002
2026
2060
2097,2098
2131 186
2141
2191
2238
2269-2271
186 '
198,200
271,272
352,353
398
431
.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
186
Page.
161
35,36
168
169,171
242
93
32i, 322
393
437
119
451
469
491,492
531,532
540
630
692,693
727
791, 792
812,813
863-865
877
.919,920
978,979
1046,1065
1105,1117
1165,1166
1238
1298
1344
13*6,1357
1383,1384 186
1543,1544 213
1598
1695
1712,1713
1790,1791
1857,1858 •
1&55
1957,1963
.............
Page.
Children, employment of,
in mendicant, acro
batic, immoral, etc. oc
cupations—Concluded.
Rhode Island............
Texas........................
Utah.........................
Virginia.....................
Washington..............
W esifc V irginia...........
Wisconsin.................
No.
1982,1983
2097,2098
2131
2159,2160
2181
2237,2238
2271 :
2272,2309
2330 186
Wyoming . . . . .
(See oho Children,
employment of, in
dangerous occupa
tions.)
Children, employment of,
in mines:
Alaska......................
186
198,226 ,
Arizona...................
323,353
Colorado . . .
441
Delaware...................
507
Idaho........................
630
Indiana.............
727 186
Iowa.. .
781, 790
Kansas....................
827 166
Kentucky................
Louisiana................
857
907
Maryland..................
1063
Michigan.................
1115
Minnesota
1217,1229
Montara
Nevada
1344
1384 166
New Jersey................
1433
New Mexico......
1568
North Oerolina
1583,1596
North Dakota
1629
Ohio..............
1698,1700
Oklahoma..............
1704,1715
Pennsylvania........... 1860-1862
South Dakota........... 2010,2026
2060
Tennessee..................
Texas........................
2098
Virginia
2163 166
Wisconsin
2270
United States
2410
(See aimChildren and
women.)
Children, employment of,
in street trade's:
Alabama
186
Arizona
California
Delaware...................
District of Columbia..
Florida.................
Georgia.............
Iowa . . .
Kentucky. . . .
Louisiana ........
Maryland . .
Massachusetts..........
242
93,94
Bulletin.
Minnesota.................
Missouri....................
New Hampshire.......
New Jersey................
New York............
Page.
437
70
160-162
35,36
166
212
59,60
62,63
201
446,447
455
472,474
492
183* 96,"99,300
188
166
859
897 166
911-914 213
942 213
943,1009
1036-1039
1118
1158
1363
1416
1538-1540 166
1544
1697
1713
1755
Ohio........................
Oklahoma___ ___
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania............
186
Rhode Island
1975
South Carolina.......... 2007.2008
160,161
36,37
93
59,60
75,76
173,174
322
163
C U M U L A T IV E IN D EX OP LABOR L A W S .
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Children, employment of.
in street trades—Concld.
Utah
.................. ■2131,2132
W voming..................
Children, hiring out, to
support parents in idleAlabama...................
Children, hours of labor
of:
Alabama...................
Arkansas...................
■District of Columbia..
Florida
Illinois......................
Indiana.....................
Iowa.........................
Kansas......................
Kentucky.................
Louisiana.................
Maine........................
Maryland..................
Massachusetts...........
Michigan...................
Minnesota.................
Mississippi................
Missouri....... ............
Nevada.....................
New Hampshire.......
New Jersey...............
New Y ork................
North Carolina........
North Daikota...........
Ohio.........................
Oklahoma................
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania...........
Porto Rico................
Rhode Island. . ........
South Carolina..........
South Dakota...........
Tennessee...............
227.0
2278-2280
No.
Page.
166
213
186 :
437
160
491
850
1149
1566
2057
2092
2152,2153
160 186
195,201
24-8 186
279 186
213
356
417, 418
445
454
473.474
483; 484
531
542,545
644,645
664,092
727 186
791 186
829 166
859 213
869 186
905 213
906,916
971,972 186
1000,1036 213
1011,1063 i s o :
1116
1150 166 .
1155
1296
3340
1355,1363 186
1370,1371
1388,1407 566
1494 166
1495,15S3
1572 186
1593,1598
1697
1
1713
1752 186
213
1827 186
1858-1861
1955,1962
1984,1985 186
2001
Page.
Children, iliiterate, em
ployment of:
Arkansas...................
Colorado..................
Connecticut..............
Delaware..................
District of Columbia..
Georgia.....................
Idaho...... ................
Illinois......................
Indiana.....................
Kansas......................
Maryland. >
.... ...........
Massachusetts...........
Michigan..,..............
Minnesota.................
Missouri....................
Montana...................
82
96
30
161
171-175
35
53
181,182
61,65
183
75
196
148
237,238
169,170
181,182
295
311
118
126,127
321
567
2025,2026
2057,2058 186
379
2062,2063
380,383
2132
Utah.........................
1
Ve-rmo it................... 2135,2145
Virginia..................... 2157,2158 166" "210,’ 213
Washington........
186 ^97,398
Wisconsin.-............... 22(56,2275
Wvoming._..............
437
186
United States...........
151
213
(See also U o u t s o f
1
labor is <$erwsraiem
1
ployments.)
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
Nebraska..................
New Hampshire.......
New York........ .......
North Dakota...........
Ohio.........................
Oklahoma.................
Oregon......................
Penns "1vania...........
Rhode island............
Vermont...................
Wisconsin.................
Children, medical, etc.,
certificates for. (See
Children, emplOA^d,
certificates, etc., for.)
Children, night work by:
Alabama.
Arizona.....................
Arkansas
California
Colorado...................
Connecticut..............
Delaware..............
District of Columbia..
Florida....... .............
Georgia.....................
Hawaii...... ...............
Idaho
Illinois. ... ....... .•___
Indiana.....................
Iowa..........................
Kansas......................
Kentucky__
Louisiana................
Maine........................
Maryland
Massachusetts___
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
248
325
399,490
444
453
484
531
545
645
781
902,909
932,933
974,975
1018,1019
1065
1116
1156
1218
1219,1276
1294
1363
1*92
1597
1095
1713
1753
1860,1862
1968
2135
2273
160,161 186
2 01
248
279,2S9
352,356
418
445
452 &54
474
4S4 492
’ 506
530
542 545
645,692
727
791
829
859
59
186
186
82
<56
166
31, 32
186 |
161
166
35-37
213
53
181
186
897 .213
61
972,10H9 S
1036,1037
1063
Michigan...................
Minnesota.................
1116
Mississippi................ 1
1150 166 |
148
Missouri....................
11-5
Nebraska.................. |
1296
Nevada..................... !
1349
New Hampshire
1363 1370 186
237
1388.’ 1407 166 169,170
New Jersey___
1416,1419
New York . ..
1494 1533 166
182
North Carolina.
1572,1578 186
295
North Dakota...........
1598
Ohio..........................
1697
Oklahoma.................
1713
Oregon..
1752 1755 213 1 118,127
Pennsylvania
1859’ 1861 186
321
Rhode Island
196®’ 1975 186
369
213
133
South Carolina.......... 2001,2007
2060
Tennessee.-........ ......
i
Utah.......................... 213L 2132
164
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Children, night work by—
Concluded.
Vermont...................
Virginia.....................
Bulletin.
No.
2135
2158 166
2185
W iscousin................. 2270,2275
2279
213
United States...........
Children of widows, de
pendent parents, etc.:
Arkansas,.,..............
248
California..................
279
Colorado...................
324
448
Delaware..................
District of Columbia..
453
Georgia.....................
484 166
1064
Michigan...................
1078,1079
Montana...................
1276
Nebraska.................. 1316,1317
New Jersey...............
166
North Carolina..........
1581
North Dakota...........
1596
Ohio.........................
1677
South Dakota...........
2026
Virginia.....................
2163
Washington..............
2191
(See also Mothers’
pensions.)
Children, school attend
ance by. (See Children,
employment of, general
provisions.)
Children, seats for. (See
Seats for employed
children.)
Children, vocational
training for. (See Vo
cational training.)
Children, wages of. (See
Earnings of minors.)
Children. (S e e a l s o
Children and women,)
Children’s Bureau:
United States...........
2431
Chinese, employment of:
California..................
261
Montana...................
1230
1327
Nevada.....................
Oregon......................
1764
United States........... 2356.2412
Chinese, exclusion, regis
tration, etc., of:
Hawaii......................
495,496
Philippine Islands...
1939
1942-1944
United States........... 2355-2360
2411.2412
Chinese labor, products
of, not to be bought by
State officials:
263
Cigar factories, regulation
of:
MorvlonH
166
Wisconsin.................
2266
Citizens to be employed.
(See Aliens, employ
ment of; Public works,
preference of resident
laborers on.)
Civil service:
Colorado ................
326
Louisiana..................
849
941 166
Massachusetts...........
Missouri....................
1215
New Jersey............... 1376,1402
1417,1418
New York................ 1453,1454
Ohio..........................
1604
Page.
212,213
151
31,32
165
93,94
131
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Civil service—Concluded.
Pennsylvania............ 1850,1851
1856,1857
Wisconsin.................
2257
Clearance cards. (See
Discharge, statement of
cause of.)
Coal mined within State,
use of, in public build
ings. (See Public sup
plies.)
Coalmines. (See Mines.)
Coercion of employees in
trading, etc.:
Alaska......................
187
Colorado...................
346,347
Florida......................
468,469
Idaho........................
529
Indiana.....................
640,641
Iowa..........................
735
Kentucky.................
821
Louisiana..................
Maryland .............
920
Massachusetts........
967
Michigan...................
1050
Montana
1239
1342,1343
Nevada
__
1398
New Jersey...............
1438
New Mexico..............
Ohio..........................
1693
Oregon...................... 1749,1750
Philippine Islands.. .
1950
Porto Rico................
1954
Texas........................
2093
Utah......................... 2125,2129
Washington..............
2190
2214,2215
2235
West Virginia...........
(See also Company
stores.)
Coercion. (See Intimida
tion; Protection of em
ployees, etc.)
Collection of statistics.
(See Bureau of labor.)
Color blindness of rail
road employees. (See
Examination, etc., of
railroad employees.)
Combination, right of,
(See Conspiracy, labor
agreements not; Protec
tion of employees as
members of labor or
ganizations.)
Combinations to fix
wages, etc.:
850,851
Louisiana..................
Commerce and Labor,
Department of:
United States........... 2412,2413
Commission, employers’
liability:
New Jersey............... 1414,1415
Commission, industrial,
etc.:
304
California..................
316-321
Colorado...................
Indiana.....................
Kansas......................
Massachusetts...........
Montana...................
New York................. 1484-1486
1496,1500
1506,1516
1524
Ohio.......................... 1604-1615
Oregon...................... 1775-1780
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
213
53
186
186
186
166
186
186
105-118
151,152
171-175
135
210-215
260-266
186
301,305
Cu m
u l a t iv e
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Commission, industrial,
etc.—Concluded.
Pennsylvania...........
in d e x
No.
Page.
*>13
186
186
Montana....................
■>13
New Jersey...............
1561,1562 186
29-40
109,110
213,215
86-90
263-266
268-293
98-106
107-115
117-127
343-361
425-433
?,13
?13
?13
186
186
Page.
Commission on social in
surance:
Massachusetts .
Commission on unem
ployment, resolution as
to.................................
Commissioner of labor.
(See Bureau of labor.)
Company doctors. (See
Physicians, e m p l o y
ment of.)
Company stores:
Colorado...................
Connecticut..............
Indiana...................
Louisiana..................
Maryland................
New Jersey...............
New York.................
Ohio..........................
Pennsylvania...........
166
166
165
law s,
Bulletin
No. 148.
319,320
425
Ohio..........................
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania...........
Wisconsin................. 2311-2325
Commission, labor. (See
Labor commission.)
Commission on convict
labor, digest of laws as
145
to.................................
Commission on cost of
living, digest of laws as
145
Commission on employ
ers’ liability and work
men’s compensation,
149,150
Commission on employ
ment offices, digest of
145
lav/ as t o ......................
Commission on employ
ment of women and
children, digest of laws
149
as to ...........................
Commission on factory
inspection, digest of
145,146
laws as to.....................
Commission on homes for
w o r k i n g me n . (See
Homes, etc.)
Commission on immigra
tion, ctc. (See Immi
gration, etc.)
Commission on immigra
146
tion, digest of laws as to.
Commission on industrial
accidents, digest of law
146
as t o ...........................
Commission on indus
trial relations, digest of
146,147
law as to.......................
Commission on labor on
public works, digest of
147
law as to
..............
Commission on mine reg
ulations:
Maryland..................
Commission on mine reg
ulations, etc., digest of
147
laws as to.....................
Commission on mini
mum wages, digest of
147,148
laws as to.....................
Commission on mothers7
pensions, digest of laws
148
as to ...........................
Commission on occupa
tional diseases, digest
148
of laws as to.................
Commission on old-age
pensions, digest of laws
148,149
as t o ...........................
Commission on rates of
insurance for work
men’s compensation:
Massachusetts...........
la bo r
Bulletin.
1923,1924 186
2255,2268 186
2293-2302
Commission, industrial,
etc., orders of:
of
94
143
Bulletin.
No.
213
Page.
77
149
346,347
408
640
641,687
853
895,896
920,940
1397,1398
1479
1693
1791
1792,1817
2159
2235
Virginia.....................
West Virginia........
(See also Coercion of
employees in trad
ing: Payment of
wages in scrip.)
Complaints by railroad
employees:
Massachusetts...........
949
Compressed-air tanks:
California..................
213
1022 166
Massachusetts...........
Compressed air, work in:
New Jersey...............
166
New York................. 1526-1529
Conciliation. (See Arbi
tration.)
Conspiracy against work
men:
Alabama...................
154
Florida....................
469,470
Georgia.....................
488, 489
Hawaii......................
498,499
Kansas......................
767
Minnesota.................
1104
Mississippi................
1144
Nevada.....................
1338
New York................
1545
North Dakota...........
1591
Washington..............
2180
(See also Interference
with employment,
and cross refer
ences.)
Conspiracy, labor agree
ments not:
California..................
276
Colorado...................
334
Maryland..................
916
Massachusetts...........
166
Minnesota.................
1104
Nevada.....................
1344
New Jersey...............
1400
New York................
1545
North Dakota...........
1591
Oklahoma.................
1720
Pennsylvania........... 1784,1818
Porto Rico................
1953
Texas........................
2079
2252
West Virginia...........
Conspiracy. (See also In
terference; Intimida
tion.)
Contract labor, alien. (See
Alien contract labor.)
39
135
155-158
142
166
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U O F LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Contract work on public
buildings and works:
California..................
Contractors’ bonds for the
protection of wages,
summary of laws re
quiring.........................
Contractors’ debts, liabil
ity of stockholders for,
list of laws determining.
Contracts of employees
waiving right to dam
ages:
Alabama...................
Arizona.....................
Arkansas...................
California..................
Colorado...................
Florida......................
Georgia.....................
Indiana__________
Maine........................
^ass^hnsfitts., ____
Missouri....................
Montana...................
Nebraska..................
Nevada.....................
New Mexico..............
New York.................
North Carolina..........
North Dakota...........
Ohio..........................
Oklahoma.................
Philippine Islands. . .
South Carolina..........
Texas........................
Virginia....................
W iseonsin.................
W voming..................
79
153
213
241
266
323
477
481,483
643
644,665
666,689
720
878
990
1057
1143
1168
1217,1232
1242,1246
1312
1337
1433
1555
1577
1593
1667,1685
1704
1949
1991
2087,2088
2152,2154
2289,2290
2327,2328
2332,2352
2420
United States...........
(See also Compensa
tion; Liability of
employers for inju
ries, etc.)
Contracts of employment,
regulation, etc., of.
(See Employment of
labor.)
Contracts of employment,
violation of, endanger
ing life:
Nevada.....................
1340
New York.................
1550
Washington..............
2182
Contracts of employment
with intent to defraud.
(See Employers’ ad
vances, r e p a y m e n t
of.)
Contributions,
forced.
(See Forced contribu
tions.)
Convict labor, commis
sions, etc., on...............
145
Convict labor, digest of
laws relating to............
99-127
Convict labor, employ
ment of, in mines:
1737
Oklahoma.................
Coolie labor:
261
California..................
Nevada.....................
1345
United States........... 2355,2356
No.
263 186
77-79
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
Page.
102
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Cooperative associations,
list of laws relating to..
87-92
Cooperative retirement,
etc., funds:
Massachusetts.. . . ___
993
Copyrights:
United States........... 2405,2406
Core rooms, employment
of women in:
Massachusetts........... 1 0 1 1 ,1 0 1 2
New York.................
1513
Ohio..........................
213
Corn buskers, guards on.
(See Guards for danger
ous machinery.)
Corporal punishment of
minor employees. (See
Children, corporal pun
ishment of, by employ
ers.)
1 Corporations, liability of
stockholders in, for
wage debts, list of laws
determining.................
79
Corporations, pensions for
employees of:
1783
Pen Qsylvania...........
Corporations, profit shar
ing by.
(See Profit
sharing.)
Corporations, restriction
of powers of:
Pennsylvania
___ 1791,1792
Corporations, s p e c i a l
stock for employees of:
946 168
Massachusetts...........
Cost of living, commis
145
sion, etc., on................
Page.
214
141
Costs in suits for wages.
(See Suits for wages.)
Cotton bales, bands, ties,
etc., of:
Texas........................ 2075,2075
Couplers, safety.
(See
Railroads, safety appli
ances on.)
D.
Damages for injuries.
(See Injuries; Liability
of employers.)
Damages, waiver of right
to. (See Contracts^ of
employees w a i v i n g
right t 3 damages.)
Dangerous, injurious, etc.,
employments:
Arizona
...........
198
203,204
389 186
Colorado...................
Illinois.......................
186
Massachusetts..........
978
Missouri.................... 1211-1214
New York.................
1516 188
Ohio.......................... 1668,1669
1698-1700
Oklahoma................. 1712,1713
1934
Pennsylvania
Washington...............
2179
Wisconsin................. 2269-2271
Days of rest for railroad
employees:
166
Maryland..................
166
Massachusetts..........
(See also Weekly day
of rest.)
Deaf, division for, in bu
reau of labor:
1126
Minnesota.................
110
145,146
263
93
140,141
167
C U M U L A T IV E IN D EX OF LABOR L A W S.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Ohio.............................
1685
Oklahoma....................
1721
Oregon................ ........ 1771,1772
Texas........................... 2074,2075
Wisconsin....................
2308
e (Scealso Blacklisting;
Employment of la
bor.)
Discharged employees,
payment of wages due.
(See Payment of wages
due, etc.)
Discounting of wages.
(See Payment of wages,
modes and times of.) ,
Diseased persons, em
ployment of:
Pennsylvania.............
186
(See also Inspection
and regulation of
bakeries, etc.)
Diseases, occupational.
(See Occupational dis
eases.)
Docks, safety appliances
at:
New Jersey.................
1423
Domestic products, pref
erence of, for public use.
(See Public supplies.)
Drinking water. (See
Water for drinking,etc.)
Drug clerks, hours of la
bor of. (See Hours of
labor of drug clerks.)
Dust, fumes, etc., pro
vision for. (See Fac
tories ana workrooms,
ventilation of.)
Bulletin.
No.
No.
Death. (See
Injuries
causing death; Negli
gence, etc.)
Deceased employees, pay
ment of wages due.
(See Payment of wages
due deceased employ
ees.)
Deception in employ
ment of labor.
(See
Employment of labor,
deception in.)
Department of Commerce
and Labor:
United States............. 2412,2413
Department of Labor.
{See Bureau of Labor.)
Department of Mines.
(See Bureau of Mines.)
Discharge, etc., of em
ployees of public serv
ice corporations:
Massachusetts.............
Discharge, notice of in
tention to.
(See Em
ployment, termination
of, notice of.)
Discharge of employees
on account of age:
334
Colorado......................
Discharge, statement of
cause of; hearings:
California.....................
Florida.........................
466,467
642,690
Indiana........................
Missouri....................... 1160,1161
Montana......................
1230
Nebraska..................... 1292,1293
Nevada........................
1341 186
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
Page.
E.
86,90
227
230,231
328,329
Earnings of married wo
men, list of laws secur
79,80
ing the.........................
Earnings of minors:
265
California..................
521
Idaho...................... .
738
Iowa.........................
790
Kansas......................
Minnesota................. 1096,1104
1230
Montana...................
1454
New York................
1586
North Dakota...........
1738
Oklahoma................
1955
Porto Rico................
1997
South Carolina.........
2012
South Dakota...........
2120
Utah.........................
2157
Virginia....................
2185
Washington..............
Eating in workrooms,
(See Food, taking into
certain workrooms.)
Education, industrial.
(See Vocational train
ing.)
Efficiency tests and
bonuses:
United States...........
Eight-hour day:
187.188 186
Alaska......................
195-197
Arizona................... .
205,206
209,215
216
247
Arkansas..
261,263
California.
264,274
275,305
323
Colorado___
334,389
407
Connecticut.
415,423
451,463
District of Columbia .
496
Hawaii.........................
507
Idaho............................
519,520
529,530
541
Illinois............. .
639
Indiana........... .
770
Kansas..............
832,833
Kentucky....... .
934
Maryland.........
970,1001 213
Massachusetts..
1095,1006
Minnesota....... .
1175
Missouri............
1185,1216
1217,1226
Montana.
1227,1230
Nevada..........
1325,1326
1338-1340
1415
New Jersey..
1429,1430
New Mexico..
1433
New Yor k. . .
1476
Ohio...............
1603,1665
1704
Oklahoma. . .
1718,1737
1760,1761 186
Oregon.............
1773,1774
Pennsylvania.
1791,1845
1953,1954
Porto Rico___
1964,1965
Texas...............
2105,2108
Utah................
Washington...
2191-2193
2236,2237
West Virginia.
2280
Wisconsin.......
2101
439,440
65,66
317
168
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Eight-hour day—Concld.
Wyoming.................. 2327, 2334
2335, 2350
United States........... 2361-2363
2412,2414
2430, 2432
2433, 2436
(See also Hours of la
bor on public roads.)
Electric installations,
subways, etc.:
California..................
297,298
Indiana.....................
697
Massachusetts...........
946
Nevada..................... 1350-1353
Oregon...................... 1759,1760
Washington.............. 2221-2224
Electricians, examina
tion, etc., of, digest of
laws relating to.............
143
Electricity, use of, in
mines. (See Mines,
electric wiring, etc., in.)
Elevator operators, ex
amination, etc., of, di
143
gest of laws relating to..
Elevators, inspection and
regulation of:
California..................
Massachusetts........... 1031-1033
New Jersey............... 1423-1426
1496
Bulletin.
No.
213
38,39
213
37
?13
166
186
213
Rhode Island............
213
Wisconsin................ 2313-2320 166
(See also Inspection
of factories, etc.)
Emigrant agents:
Alabama...................
155
Florida......................
465,469
Georgia.....................
479,491
502-504
Hawaii......................
1152
Mississippi................
North Carolina.......
1571
Philippine Islands
186
South Carolina..........
2007
(See also Employ
ment offices.)
Employees' bonds. (See
Bonds of employees.)
Employees, bribery, etc.,
of. (See Bribery of em
ployees.)
Employees, deceased,
payment of wages due.
(See Payment of wages,
etc.)
Employees’ deposits, in
terest to be paid on:
852
Louisiana..................
Maine........................
186
Employees, discharge of.
(See ‘Discharge, state
ment of cause of; Em
ployment of labor.)
Employees, discharged,
payment of wages due.
(See Payment of wages,
etc.)
Employees, enticement
of. (See Enticing em
ployees.)
Eirpioyees, examination
of. (See Examination,
etc.)
Employees, false charges
against. (See Railroad
e m p l o y e e s , fal se
charges against.)
Page.
86
182,183
272-277
100-106
133
215, 216
363,364
177
OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Employees, forced con
tributions from. (See
Forced contributions.)
Employees, intimidation
of. (See Intimidation.)
Employees, intoxication
of. (See Intoxication,
etc.)
Employees’ inventions:
United States........... 2433,2435
Employees, loans to:
Louisiana .............
866
Employees not to be dis
charged on account of
age:
Colorado...................
334
Employees, protection of.
(See Protection of em
ployees, etc.)
Em p 1o y e e s , railroad.
(See Railroad employ
ees.)
Employees, safety and
health laws authorized
for:
New York.................
1453
Ohio..........................
1603
Employees, sale of liquor
to.
(See Intoxicants,
sale of, to employees.)
Employees, s o l i c i t i n g
money from. (See Em
ployment, foremen, etc.,
accepting fees for fur
nishing.)
Employees, t a x e s of.
(See Liability of em
ployers for taxes, etc.)
Employees, time for, to
vote. (See Time to
vote, etc.)
Employees, transporta
tion of. (See Trans
portation of employees.)
Employees, vaccination
of. (See Vaccination.)
Employer and employee,
obligations of. (See
Employment of labor.)
Employers’ advances, in
terest on:
Louisiana..................
866
Employers’ advances, re
payment of:
Alabama...................
155,156
162,163
Arkansas...................
246,247
Florida......................
469,478
Georgia.....................
491
Louisiana.................
851,852
Minnesota................. 1108,1109
Mississippi................ 1144,1145
New Mexico.............. 1439,1440
North Dakota........... 1594,1595
Philippine Islands. . .
1949
South Carolina.......... 2004,2005
Employers’ certificates,
forgery of:
Georgia.....................
489
Minnesota.................
1107
Nevada.....................
1342
Pennsylvania............ 1828,1829
Washington..............
2183
Wisconsin.................
2307E m p l o y e r s ’ liability,
(See Liability of em
ployers for injuries, etc.)
•
Employers’ liability com
mission. (See Commis
sion.)
Page.
C U M U L A T IV E IN D EX OF LABOR LA W S.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Employers to furnish
names of employees to
officials of county, etc.:
Arlmnsas..................
238
274
California..................
Colorado....................
343
Hawaii......................
497
Idaho........................
523,524
..............
New
Mexico1440,1441
North Carolina.......... 1571,1572
South Carolina..........
2006
Washington.............. 2186,2187
Wyoming..................
2329
Employment, abandon
ment of. (See Con
tracts of employment.)
E m p l o y m e n t agents.
(See Employment of
fices.)
Employment, contracts
of. (See Contracts of
employment; Employ„ ment of labor.)
Employment, discrimi
nation in, forbidden:
Indiana......... .........
648
Employment, foremem
etc., accepting fees for
furnishing:
Alabama...................
182,183
Arizona.....................
202,203
California..................
Connecticut..............
407
Florida......................
471
Montana...................
1242
Nevada.....................
1341
New Hampshire.......
1362
New Jersey...............
1406
Pennsylvania............ 1837,1867
Utah..........................
2129
Employment, interfer
ence with. (See Inter
ference with employ
ment.)
Employment, notice of
termination of. (See
Employment, termina
tion of, etc.)
Employment, obtaining,
under false pretenses.
(See Employers’ ad
vances, repayment of;
Employers’ certificates,
forgery of.)
Employment of aliens,
(See Aliens.)
Employment of children.
(See Children, employ
ment of.)
Employment of children
and women. (See Chil
dren and women, etc.)
Employment of Chinese.
(See Chinese, employ
ment ofr)
Employment of enlisted
men in civil pursuits:
United States...........
Employment of intem
perate drivers,etc. (See
Intemperate employ
ees, etc.)
Employment of labor by
public-service corpora
tions:
Massachusetts...........
968
Employment of labor,
deception, etc., in:
Alaska.......................
188,189
California..................
276
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
186
86
186
227,228
213
151
186
85
169
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
Employment of labor,
deception, etc., in—Con.
Colorado....................
364,365
Illinois.......................
550,551
185
968 186
Massachusetts...........
Minnesota.................
1138
Montana...................
1239
Nevada.......... ........ 1325,1353
New York.................
1546
Oklahoma.................
1720
Oregon...................... 1761,1762
131
Porto Rico................
213
2056,2057
Tennessee...............
145
Virginia.....................
213
424
Wisconsin.................
2282 186
(See also Strikes, no
tice of, in adver
tisements for la
borers.)
Employment of labor,
general provisions:
Arkansas...................
233,234
85,90
California..................
265-269 186
Colorado....................
186 109,110
Connecticut...............
407,408
Georgia.....................
483
486,488
Hawaii.....................
497
Idaho........................
518
Indiana.....................
629,648
Kentucky..................
816
87
Louisiana..................
846-848 166
966-970
Massachusetts...........
Michigan................... 1053,1054
Missouri.................... 1160,1161
Montana................... 1232-1235
New York................. 1475-1482
296
North Carolina..........
186
North Dakota........... 1586-1589
Ohio..........................
1603
Oklahoma................. 1718-1721
’ Pennsylvania............
1.86 "330,'331
Philippine Islands__
1949
Porto Rico................ 1955,1956
South Carolina.......... 1997-1999
2004,2005
South Dakota .
2012-2015
Utah..........................
2105
Virginia....................
2152
W isconsin.„.. „ „........
2258
2280-2282
Wyoming.. .
2327
2354
United States .
2362,2363
(See also Contracts of
employment; Dis
charge, statements
of cause of; Em
ployers’ advances;
Employment, ter
mination of; Exam
ination, etc.; In
spection of facto
ries; Wages, etc.)
Employment of labor on
public works.
(See
Public works, labor
on.)
Employment of police
men as laborers:
Maryland..................
938
Employment of unem
ployed and needy per
sons. (See U n e m
ployed, etc.)
Employment of women.
(See Women, employ
ment of.)
Employment
offices,
commission on.............
145
170
B U L L E T I N O F T H E B U R E A U OP LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
E m p l o y m e n t offices,
free public:
California.................
Colorado....................
Connecticut
Idaho........................
Illinois.......................
Indiana__
Iowa..........................
Kansas......................
Louisiana..................
Maryland..................
Massachusetts...........
Michigan...................
Minnesota.................
Missouri....................
Montana...................
Nebraska..................
New Jersey...............
New York.................
Ohio..........................
Oklahoma.................
Pennsylvania............
Philippine Islands__
Rhode Island............
South Dakota___
West Virginia...........
Wisconsin..................
Employment offices, pri
vate:
Alaska.....................
California..................
Colorado..................
Connecticut...............
District of Columbia..
Hawaii.....................
Idaho........................
Illinois......................
Indiana.....................
Iowa.........................
Kansas......................
Kentucky..................
Louisiana................
Maine........................
Maryland...............
Massachusetts..........
Michigan...................
Minnesota.................
Missouri....................
Montana...................
Nebraska..................
Nevada.....................
New Hampshire........
New Jersev................
New York.................
No.
Page.
88
186
109
329-331 186
406,410
186 138,139
551-553 186 142-144
698,699
186 162, i.63
771,772
166 ..........92
94
904 166
63
213
962,963
1072,1073 186 ........ 190
1135,1137
1171,1173
1218
217
1291 186
186 241,242
85
213
166 174-176
97,98
213
1609,1615
310
1710,1711 186
186 : 331-335
363
1946 186
1949,1950
1976
2023,2024
2238
2297
264
308-312
348-350
406,407
412.413
459-463
497
517,518
574-579
677-680
728,729
799,800
821
843,844
887-889
945
1093,1094
1097,1098
1172,1173
1230
186
186
72
93
109
186
186
121
186
213
177
69
186 "222-225
1328,1342
1359,1360
1377-1382
98
1461-1469 213
1532.1533
Ohio.......................... 1615-1617
Oklahoma................. 1711,1712
Oregon......................
m ’ *3i3-33L7
Pennsylvania............ 1852-1856 186 335-338
368
1967 186
Rhode Island............
Tennessee..................
2058 186
379
Texas........................
186 391,392
Utah......................... 2125-2129
2161 22.3 "UQ,ii7
Virginia.....................
149,150
2162,2165
Washington..............
2183 186
397
West Virginia...........
2229
Wisconsin................. 2302-2304 166 228-232
186 421,422
(See also Emigrant
agents;
Lodging
houses, sailors'.)
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
Employment, prevention
of. (See Interference
with employment, and
cross references.)
Employment, sex no dis
qualification for. (See
Sex no disqualification,
etc.)
Employment, termina
tion of, notice of:
Maine........................
Massachusetts...........
New Jersey................
870
986
1391
1393,1394
1821
Pennsylvania...........
Rhode Island............
1985
2008
South Carolina..........
Wisconsin.................
2277
(See als9 Discharge;
Employment of la
bor, general provi
sions.)
Engineers, examination,
etc., of, digest of laws
relating to.....................
140-143
Engineers, illiterate, em
ployment of, on rail-,
roads. (See Railroad
employees, illiterate.)
Engineers, unlicensed,
employment of:
Alabama...................
157
Enticing employees, etc.:
Alabama...................
156
Arkansas...................
234
Florida......................
468
Georgia.....................
488
Hawaii......................
503,509
814
Kentuckv..................
Louisiana..................
851
Mississippi................ 1144,1145
North Carolina..........
1565
South Carolina..........
2006
Tennessee..................
2033
United States. . . .
2422
(See also Interference,
etc.)
Examination, etc., of
aeronauts, digest of law
relating to.....................
143
Examination, etc., of
barbers, digest of laws
127-132
relating to.....................
Examination, etc., of
chauffeurs, digest of
laws relating to.............
132-135
Examination, etc., of
electricians, digest of
law relating to...............
143
Examination, etc., of ele
vator operators, digest
of law relating to.........
143
Examination, etc., of
hoisting-machine oper
ators, digest of law re
lating to........................
144
Examination, etc., of
horseshoers, digest of
135,136
laws relating to.............
Examination, etc.' of
miners, mine foremen,
etc.:
Alabama....................
169-171
Colorado....................
370,371
Illinois.....................
594,595 186
625-627
662
Indiana.....................
699-702
Iowa..........................
733,734
146
148,149
171
C U M U L A T IV E IN D E X OF LABOR L A W S.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Examination, etc., of
miners, mine foremen,
etc.—Concluded.
Kentucky.................
Missouri..
Montana.
Ohio.
Oklahoma......
Pennsylvania.
Tennessee.,
Utah......
Virginia..
VJWJglct ......................
Massachusetts...........
Ohio..........................
(See also Railroad
employees, qualifi
cations for; Tele
graph operators,
railroad, etc.)
Examination, etc., of
steam engineers, fire
men, etc.:
New Jersey...............
Examination, etc., of
steam engineers, fire
men, etc., digest of laws
relating to.....................
Examination, etc., of
street railway employ
ees:
Louisiana..................
New Y ork.................
Washington..............
Execution, exemption
from.
(See Exemp
li on etc.)
Executions in suits for
wages, (See Suits for
wages.)
Exemption of mechanics,
etc., from license tax,
list of laws granting....
Exemption of wages lrom
execution, etc.:
Alabama...................
Alaska......................
Arizona.....................
Arkansas..................
California.................
Colorado..................
Connecticut..............
Delaware..................
District of Columbia.
Florida.....................
Georgia....................
Hawaii......................
Idaho.......................
Page.
No.
825 166
831,832
1196-1198
1253
1254,1269
1638
1639,1691
1724
1803-1805 186
1833-1836
1871,1876
1905-1908
2044-2046
2048
2118
2167
2171,2172
West Virginia...........
Wyoming................. 2340,2341
Examination, etc., of
moving-picture
ma
chine operators, digest
of laws relating to...... .
136,137
Examination of plumbers? digest of laws re
lating to...................... .
137-140
Examination, etc.,of rail
road employees:
153
Alabama...................
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
188
9-71
Kentucky..
Louisiana..
330,331
411,412
436,437
Maine..............
Maryland........
Massachusetts.,
Michigan.........
Minnesota.......
Mississippi......
Missouri....... .
Montana.............
Nebraska............
Nevada...............
New Hampshire.
New Jersey.........
New Mexico.......
New York..........
North Carolina...
North Dakota__
Ohio...................
Oklahoma....... .
Oregon.............
Pennsylvania..
Porto Rico.......
Rhode Island..
South Carolina.
South Dakota..
Tennessee........ .
Texas...............
‘-ti V
952
1689
213
84
140-143
1555
2215
Exemption of wages from
execution, etc.—Con.
Illinois......................
Indiana.....................
Iowa..........................
Kansas......................
166
Oklahoma................
Explosives, use of, in
mines. (See Mine reg
ulations.)
Extortion:
Minnesota.................
Montana...................
(See acso Intimida
tion.)
80,81
153,154
186
206,211
233,249
270
331
417 186
428, 429
451
465
487-489
498
521
Utah.........................
Vermont................. .
Virginia....................
Washington..............
’West Virginia...........
Wisconsin...............
Wyoming................ .
United States...........
Explosives, storage, man
ufacture, etc., of:
Iowa........................
Maryland................ .
Massachusetts..........
Missouri...................
New Jersey............. .
Ohio.......1............... .
120,12]
31
'i§5
Factories, accidents in.
(See Aecideits, etc.)
Factories and workrooms,
ventilation, sanitation,
etc., of:
Alabama...................
Arizona.....................
California..................
Colorado...................
Connecticut...............
Bulletin.
No.
554-556
629,665
738-740
769
792,793
815
848
850,862
874
895,903
948
1041,1042 186
1103,1104
1147
1159,1160
1183,1202
1235
1317,1318
1336
1356
1374
1434,1435
1559-1561
1573
1589
1687,1688
1692,1693
1708,1739
3747
1786,1787
1956,1957
1986
198,199
203
242,243
249
309
335
2000
2015
2032,2055
2071
2073,2077
2123
2135,2136
2156.2157
'2179
2230
2304-2307
2331,2346
743
934
982
1179
1390
1664 213
1665,1689
1739,1740
113
1107
1242
161
211
63
278,279
30,31,36
300,301
360
405 186 ..... 122
424,425
172
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OP LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Factories and workrooms,
ventilation, sanitation,
etc., of—Concluded.
Delaware..................
Florida..................
Georgia.....................
Illinois.
Iowa.........................
Kansas.....................
Kentucky..................
Louisiana..................
Maryland..................
475
549,550
561,562
568,569
589,590
616,617
647,648
682,6S3
741
861,866
917,918
939,940
Massachusetts...........
943,949
97'.;, 98<#
991-993
1029
1967
Michigan...................
1070-1072
Minnesota................. 1 096 ,1097
1120,1142
1179
Missouri....................
No.
Page.
186
126.127
166
1 S6
32
145
186
166
171-175
36
166
186
99-101
103,104
126
127,141
184
186
206
1C6
11 8 0 ,1 1 8 2
1213,1214
Nebraska.................. 12S0,1281
1298,1299
New Jersey............... 1382,1383 166
1389,1390
1409,1418
New Y ork................ 1506-1510 166
1521-1523
186
Ohio.......................... 1649-1652 213
1668-1670
1741
Oklahoma.................
1756 213
Oregon......................
1827 186
1839,1847
192S, 1930
1934-1937
1963
Porto Rico................
1973
Rhode Island..........
South Dakota........... 2011,2026
Tennessee.................. 2036,2058 1 S6
Pennsylvania...........
159,160
178,179
184,185
263
270-272
278-293
111-115
120
121,127
349,350
352-360
377
381,382
2150
2164 166 2 1 0 -2 1 2
145
213
2185
Washington
. .
2186,2194
West Virginia...........
2239
..........
2261 iso *’ 432,’ 433
W isconsin
2264, 2266
2310, 2320
2321, 2325
(See also Air space.)
Factories, eating, etc., in.
(See Food, taking into
certain workrooms.)
Factories, fire escapes on.
(See Fire escapes, etc.)
Factories, etc., inspec
tion of. (See Inspec
tion, etc.)
Factories, plants, etc., es
tablishment by State:
Arizona
186
75,76
Factories, etc., registra
tion of:
California..................
306,307
Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . .
166 102 ,' i64
Vermont...................
Virginia....................
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
Page.
Factories, etc., registra
tion of—Concluded.
Mississippi................
New York.................
Wisconsin.................
Factories, smoking in.
(See Smoking, etc.)
Factory inspectors. (See
Inspectors, factory.)
Factory regulations. (See
Inspection of factories,
etc.)
False charges against
railroad
employees.
(See Railroad employ
ees, etc.)
False credentials, etc., of
labor
organizations.
(See Labor organiza
tions, using false cards
of.)
False pretenses.
(See
Employers’ advances,
repayment of; Em
ployers'
certificates,
forgery of; Employ
ment of labor, decep
tion in.)
Fees for furnishing em
ployment. (See Em
ployment,
foremen,
etc., accepting fees for
furnishing.)
Fellow servant, negli
gent, to be named in
verdict:
Minnesota.................
Fellow servants.
(See
Liability of employers
for injuries to employ
ees.)
Female employees. (See
Women," employment
of.)
Female employees, seats
for. (See Seats for fe
male employees.)
Fines for imperfect work:
Massachusetts...........
Fire escapes on factories,
etc.:
Alabama...................
Colorado...................
Comiecticut...............
Delaware...................
District of Columbia..
Georgia.....................
Idaho........................
Illinois......................
Indiana.....................
Iowa..........................
Kansas......................
Kentucky..................
Louisiana..................
Maine........................
Maryland..................
Massachusetts...........
Michigan...................
Minnesota.................
Missouri....................
Nebraska..................
New Hampshire.......
New Jersey...............
1490
1518,1519
2265
Bulletin.
No.
166
Page.
148
1103
984
985,1008
157
362,363
401
415,423
430
456-458
485,491
520
553
554,569
680,681
741,742 186
774
815,816 213
844, 845 166
8 68 186
935
960
1024,1025
1066,1067
11-31
1179
1198-1200
1305,1306
1361 186
1410-1414
164-168
43,44
89,90
177
236
173
C U M U L A T IV E IN D EX OP LABOR L A W S .
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Fire escapes on factories,
etc.—Concluded.
No.
1474 166
1498-1500 186
213
North Carolina..........
1574
North Dakota...........
1585
Ohio.......................... 1663,1664
1717,1739
P e n n sy lv a n ia _________ 1788-1790
1838,1849
1863,1866
1867,1920
1921
Rhode Island............ 1977-1981
South Dakota...........
201 2
Tennessee.................. 2067-2069
Texas........................
186
Vermont...................
2140
Virginia.....................
2153 213
2241,2242
Wisconsin................. 2294-2296 166
186
(See also Inspection
and regulation of
factories and work
shops.)
Fire marshal:
New York................. 1472-1475 186
Pennsylvania........... 1 866 ,1867
Fire, safeguards against,
in factories. (See In
spection of factories,
etc.)
Firemen, stationary, ex
amination, etc., of.
(See Examination, etc.)
First-aid provisions. (See
Accidents, provisions
for.)
Food products, manufac
ture of. (See Inspec
tion and regulation of
bakeries, etc.)
Food, taking into certain
workrooms:
Illinois......................
568,589
Missouri....................
1213
New Jersey...............
166
New York.................
1512
Ohio..........................
1670
Pennsylvania...........
1935
Forced contributions from
employees:
Indiana.....................
631
Louisiana..................
213
Maryland..................
896
Michigan................... 1051,1052
Nevada.....................
1326
New Jersey...............
1398
New York.................
166
Ohio.........................
1685
Foremen, etc., accepting
fees for furnishing em
ployment. (See Em
ployment,
foremen,
etc., accepting fees for
furnishing.)
Forgery of cards, etc., of
labor
organizations.
(See Labor organiza
tions, using false cards,
etc., of.)
Forgery of employers’
certificates. (See Em
ployers’ certificates?)
Foundation for Promo
tion of Industrial Peace:
United States........... 2417,2418
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
Page.
183,184
251
255-258
266,267
272
99,100
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
Fraudulent contracts of
employees. (See Em
ployers' advances, re
payment of; Employ
ment of labor, decep
tion in.)
Free public employment
offices. (See Employ
ment offices, free pub
lic.)
Freedom to trade. (See
Coercion, etc.)
G.
385,386
148,149
222-225
430-432
251
160
54
181
Garnishment, exemption
of wages from. (See
Exemption of wages
from execution, etc.)
Garnishment of wages:
Arkansas...................
Colorado ..................
Delaware...................
Hawaii......................
Missouri....................
232,233
323
434
498 186
133
1159
1160,1201
1444
New Mexico..............
1688
Ohio..........................
1747
Oregon......................
Utah........................ 2122,2123
2157
Virginia ................
Wyoming.................. 2345,2346
Goods,' etc., of local pro
duction preferred for
public use. (See Pub
lic supplies, etc.)
Government Printing Of
fice. (See Public print
ing.)
Groceries, employees in:
New York
__ .
186 254,255
Guaranty companies:
1435
New Mexico
Guards, armed.
(See
Armed guards.)
Guards for dangerous ma
chinery, etc.:
186 67,71,72
Alaska................
32-40
California
213
359,360 186
106
Colorado ..............
404
Connecticut
475
Florida
__
556
Illinois......................
566-568
646
Indiana
. .
647,697
740, 743
Iowa........................
774,797
Kansas
830 166
Kentucky
36
213
53
Louisiana
981,982 166
Massachusetts
126
1055,1067
Miojucran
1121
Minnesota...............
1128,1129
1179
Missouri....................
212
Montana
186
1299,1300
Nebraska..................
Nevada ................ 1343,1344
86-90
New Jersey............... 1388,1389 213
1409,1423
1482
New Y ork..
__
1505,1506
Ohio . 1 ....................... 1607,1608
1051,1652
1716,1717
Oklahoma .
. .
Oregon...................... 1755,1756
Pennsylvania............ 1787,1847 j186 343-351
355
1
Rhode Island............ 1 1970,1971
174
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Guards for dangerous
machinery, etc.—Con.
Tennessee..................
2036 186
Virginia.....................
166
W ashington.............. 2193,2194
2238 2239
Wisconsin.................
2267 186
2295,2306
2311-2313
H.
Hatch tenders:
California..................
Headlights on locomo
tives. (See Railroads,
safety provisions on.)
Health, effect of em
ployments on, to be in
vestigated:
California..................
Massachusetts...........
Highways, hours of labor
on, summary of laws
fixing...........................
Hiring.
(See Employ
ment of labor.)
Hoisting-machine opera
tors, examination, etc.,
of, digest of law relating
to..................................
Holiday labor:
382
207
427-429
272,273
263
1008
85,86
144
999,1000
1371
New Hampshire.......
Holidays for per diem
employees of Govern
ment:
United States...........
2355
Holidays in the different
States and Territories,
list of............................
97-99
Homes for workingmen,
commission on:
Massachusetts........... 1009,1019 186
166
Porto Rico................
Homes for workingmen,
State aid for:
166
Massachusetts..........
Horseshoers, examina
tion, etc., of, digest of
135,136
laws relating to............
Hospital, erection of, for
employees:
250
Arkansas ..............
1439
New Mexico
H o s p i t a l fees. (See
Forced contributions,
etc.)
Hospital for miners. (Sec
Miners’ hospital.)
Hospital funds, adminis
tration of:
186
California
186
Oklahoma.................
186
Oregon........... ...
(See also Forced con
tributions.)
Hospitals for seamen:
2405
United States .
Hours of labor in general
employments:
186
Alaska......................
242,243
Arkansas..... ...........
263,264
California.
. .
407,423
Connecticut..............
466
Florida....... ............
483,484
Georgia.....................
541
Illinois......................
639
Indiana.....................
874
Maine........................
905,906
Maryland..................
Page.
185
199,200
143
102,103
307
317
66
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Hours of labor in general
employments—Concld.
Michigan................... 1042,1043
Minnesota..................
1095
1154 166
Mississippi................
213
1175
Missouri....................
Montana................... 1230,1234
Nebraska..................
1291
1355
New Hampshire.......
New York............... 1476,1477 186
213
1665
Ohio..........................
Oregon......................
1780
Pennsylvania............
1791
Porto Rico................ 1958,1959 166
Rhode Island............
1985
South Carolina..........
2001 213
Utah.....................
186
Wisconsin.................
2280
Hours of labor in indus
tries of continuous op
eration, investigation
of:
Massachusetts...........
213
Hours of labor of children
and women. (See Chil
dren, etc.)
Hours of labor of deck
officers:
2438
United States...........
Hours of labor of drug
clerks:
California..................
289
New York.................
1553 166
Hours of labor of employ
ees in bakeries:
New Jersey............... 1419,1420
Pennsylvania...........
1827
Hours of labor of employ
ees in brickyards:
New York.................
1476
1477,1548
Hours of labor of employ
ees in compressed air:
New Jersey...............
166
New York................. 1526,1527
Hours of labor of employ
ees in electric plants:
Arizona.....................
196
Hours of labor of employ
ees in Government
Printing Office:
United States-...........
2363 ;
Hours of labor of employ
ees in groceries:
New York.................
186
Hours of labor of employ
ees in mines, smelters,
etc.:
Alaska......................
188 186
197
Arizona.....................
209, 210
215,216
California..................
305
Colorado...................
323,389
Idaho........................
519,520
921
Maryland..................
Missouri.................... 1175,1185
Montana....................
1217
1226,1227
Nevada..................... 1325,1326
1338,1339
Oklahoma.................
1737
Oregon...................... 1760,1761
Pennsylvania............
1864
Utah.........................
2108
Washington..............
2193
Wyoming..................
2327
2334,2335
Page.
150
81,82
254,255
92
199
139,140
393
78
186,187
157
254,255
65
175
C U M U L A T IV E IN D EX OF LABOB L A W S .
Bulletin
No, 148.
Page.
Honrs of labor of employ
ees in plaster and ce
ment mills:
Hours of-labor of employ
ees on railroads^
Arizona.....................
Arkansas...... ............
California..................
Colorado... ...............
Connecticut..............
District of Columbia .
•Georgia.....................
Indiana.....................
No.
210
240
241,247
295,298
343
415
452
466
479, 480
669,670
722,723
794
896
264
845,846
938
1011 186
1403,1404
1477,1547
1817,1818
1984
2003 213
2192
142
151
153,154
186
137
2363,2430
166
1243
85, S6
187
195,197
261,274,275
334
Page.
Page.
1339
Kansas......................
MarViand..................
Massachusetts...........
166
Michigan...................
1043
Minnesota
. . . ...
1114
Missouri.................... 1176,1210
Montana..................
1227
Nebraska.................. 1312, .1313
Nevada..................... 1353,1354
New Mexico..............
1442
New York.................
.1477
1478,1548
North Carolina.......... 1576,1577
1594
North Dakota...........
1684
Ohio................ ........
’Oregon......................
1770
1954
Porto Rico................
South Dakota...........
2019
2085
Texas........................
2086,2095
Washington.............. 2192,2193
West Virginia...........
2242
Wisconsin.................
2287
2290, 2291
United States__. ___ 2418,2419 213
Honrs of labor of employ
ees on street railways:
California..................
Louisiana..................
Maryland..................
Massachusetts...........
New Jersey...............
New York................
Pennsylvania............
Rhode Isiand............
South Carolina..........
Washington..............
Hours of labor of letter
carriers:
United States...........
Hours of labor of station
ary firemen:
Louisiana..................
Hours of labor of tele
graph operators. (See
Hours of labor of em
ployees on railroads.)
Hours of labor .of tele
phone operators:
Montana.
..........
Hours of labor of women.
(See Women, etc.)
Hours of labor on public
roads, summary of laws
fixing
................
Hours of labsor cm public
works:
Alaska......................
Arizona.....................
California. ................
Colorado...................
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
91
Bulletin.
No.
Hours of (labor on public
works-—Concluded.
District of Columbia..
451,463
496
Hawaii......................
Idaho........................ 507,529,530
639
Indiana......................
770
Kansas......................
Kentucky.................
832,833
Maryland...................
934
970 166
Massachusetts..........
971,1001 213
Minnesota................. 1095,1096
1216
Missouri....................
Montano................... 1217,1227
1340
Nevada.....................
New Jersey ...........
1415
1429,1430
New Mexico..............
14.33
New York................. 1476,1547 213
Ohio........ ’.................
1603
Oklahoma................. 1704,1718
Oregon . . . .
....
1761 186
1773,1774
Pennsylvania...........
1845
Porto Rico................ 1953,1954
1964,1965
Texas .....................
2101
XItah ...................... 2105,2108
Washington.............. 2191,2192
West Virginia........... 2236,2237
Wisconsin.................
2281
W yoming................ 2327,2350
United States
2361-2363
2432,2433
(See also Eight-hour
day.)
Housing. (See Homes
for workingmen.)
Hygiene, industrial:
New York................. 1488,1489
Pennsylvania. —.......
1923
Page.
134
75
91-93
317
I.
Illiterate employees on
railroads. (Ste Rail
road employees, illit
erate.)
Immigration:
434
Delaware
New York . . . . . . . 1530-1532
Rhode Island ........
166
1992
South Carolina........
United States
2414-2416
2439
Immigration and hous
ing, commission of:
California...................
313-316 186
Immigration, bureau of
industries and:
New York
1530-1532
(See also Alien con
tract labor.)
Immigration, commis
sion on, digest of laws
relating to....................
146
Importing workmen from
outside the State:
Oregon..................... 1761,1762
Inclesed platforms. (See
Protection of employees
on street railways.)
Incorporation of labor
organizations, etc. (See
Labor organizations,
etc.)
Industrial board. (See
■Commission, industrial,
i
Btc.)
201
92
176
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
No.
No.
Industrial commission.
(See Commission, in
dustrial, etc.)
Industrial directory:
New Jersey...............
New York.................
Industrial diseases.. (See
Occupational diseases.)
Industrial
education.
(See Vocational train
ing.)
Industrial Peacc, Foun
dation for the Promo
tion of:
United States...........
Industrial police, digest
of laws as to.................
Industrialrelations, com
mission on, digest of
law relating to ..............
Industries and immigra
tion, bureau of:
New York.................
Injunctions:
Kansas......................
Massachusetts...........
Montana...................
United States...........
Injured persons, special
training for, investiga
tion of:
Massachusetts...........
Injuries causing death,
right of action for, list,
etc., of laws granting.. .
Injuries, personal, actions
for:
Arizona.....................
Connecticut..............
Delaware..................
Georgia.....................
Hawaii......................
Idaho........................
Illinois......................
Indiana.....................
Iowa..........................
Kentucky.................
Louisiana..................
Michigan...................
Minnesota.................
Missouri....................
Nebraska..................
Nevada.....................
New Hampshire.......
New Jersey...............
Pennsylvania...........
Tennessee.................
Texas........................
Wisconsin.................
Wyoming..................
United States...........
Injuries to employees.
(See Liability of em
ployers.)
Inspection and regulation
of bakeries, etc.:
California..................
Colorado...................
Connecticut..............
Delaware.
Georgia...
Illinois---Indiana...........
Iowa................
Kentucky........
Maryland........
Massachusetts.,
Bulletin.
Inspection and regulation
of bakeries, etc.—Con.
Minnesota................. 1096,1097
1122,1123
1203,1204
Missouri......
1280-1282
Nebraska...
1382,1383
New Jersey.
1418-1421
1520-1524 186
New Y ork..
Ohio...............
Oklahoma......
Oregon...........
Pennsylvania.
2417,2418
92-97
146,147'
1530-1532
805,806
142
1235
'235*236
77
83-85
1Q*;
397,398
433
486,487
501
521
556
629
738
816
846,847
1053
202,203
1166-1168
.......225
........ i337
1400
1783,1829
2032-2034
2079,2080
2304
2327
237
'342
1827
1828,1848
Rhode Island.
1972-1975
2057-2059
Tennessee.......
Washington...
2185
2186,2221
Wisconsin..
2261-2263
2310
Wyoming.................. 2350,2351
Inspection and regulation
of barber shops:
New Hampshire....... 1361.1362
North Dakota...........
'1595
(See also Examina
tion, etc., of bar
bers.)
Inspection and regulation
of factories and work
shops:
Alabama...................
157,158
161,162
Arizona...
201
258, 259
Arkansas..
278,279
California.
284, 285
Colorado..
359-364
Connecticut.............
Delaware.................
District of Columbia.
Florida....................
Georgia....................
403-405
431-433
456-458
475
485,493
Illinois .
547-550
566-574
586-591
644-650
740-743
Indiana.
Iowa__
Kansas......
Kentucky..
Louisiana..
Maine........
186
450
Maryland..
Massachusetts..
290-292
393-395
400
401,416
435-438
562
616-61&
682-6S4
760,761
943
Michigan...
Minnesota..
Mississippi.
47-49
99-101
1649,1650
1740-1742
Missouri..............
Montana.............
Nebraska............
Nevada...............
New Hampshire.
774
775,797
830,831
852,853
860-862
868,869
885,886
898
934,935
960
979-983
1000,1008
1009
1022-1027
1029
1053
1066-1072
1119,1120
1128-1132
1147
1179-1183
1298-1301
1343
1362
Page.
270-272
281
317,318
339
352-356
432,433
63,64
99
30-39
108
110, 111
119,122
123-128
30
32
41
145,146
151,152
160
164-168
171-175
33,35,36
43-49
53
177
93,94
98-104
64
125-127
130-133
141-143
184-186
73
187
147,148
81
206
212,215
.......232
236
C U M U L A T IV E IN D EX OF LABOR LA W S.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Inspection and regulation
of factories and work
shops—Concluded.
New Jersey............... 1388-1393
1409
New York..
1453
1485-1490
1496-1524
1562
North Dakota..
Ohio................
Oklahoma.:;..
Oregon...........
Pennsylvania.
Porto Rico.......
Rhode Island..
South Carolina.
South Dakota..
213
Texas__
Utah......
Vermont.
Virginia..
2105
2150
2162-2165
(See also Cellars and
basements, use of;
Compressed ai r ;
Explosives; Facto
ries a n d work
rooms, ventilation,
etc., of; Fire es
capes; Guards for
dangerous machine r y ; Inspection,
etc., of bakeries;
Inspectors, factory;
Laundries; Seats
for female employ
ees; Sweating sys
tem; Toilet rooms.)
Inspection of factories
and workshops, com
mission on, digest of
laws relating to............
Inspection of locomotives:
District of Columbia..
Indiana.....................
158-162
83
177
182-186
186 255-260
263,266
267,272
278-293
213 ■01,96-106
2193-2196
2238,2239
2259
2261-2266
2296, 2297
2310-2325
339
343^361
371
137
70404°—17------12
377,378
381,382
385,386
207
210-212
145,148
149
'4i6*4i7
221-228
427-432
Page.
Inspection of railroads,
railroad equipment,
etc.:
Connecticut..............
Maine........................
Michigan...................
Mississippi................
Missouri....................
Montana...................
Nevada.....................
Ohio..........................
Oregon......................
Texas........................
Vermont...................
W ashington..............
Arkansas...................
Colorado
...........
145,146
Connecticut...............
Delaware...................
District of Columbia.
Florida......................
Georgia.....................
Illinois......................
Indiana.....................
178,179
421,422
1073,1074
1149
1180,1181
1245
1335
1681-1683
1764
2098
2138
2212,2213
2219,2220
United States........... 2421,2422
Inspection of steam boil
ers:
Alaska......................
California..................
Colorado...................
343-345
Connecticut..............
409,410
Indiana.....................
694
710-717
Iowa..........................
743
Maine........................
867,868
Maryland..................
935-937
Massachusetts...........
953-959
Michigan...................
1072
Minnesota................. 1100-1103
Montana................... 1219-1222
New York................. 1474,1475
1G05
Ohio..........................
1654-1658
Pennsylvania........... 1848,1849
Wisconsin.................
(See also Inspection
of locomotives.)
Inspection of steam boil
ers in mines. (See
Mine regulations.)
Inspection of steam ves
sels:
Indiana.....................
652,653
C70
Maine........................
Michigan................... 1057-1060
Minnesota................. 1100-1103
Montana................... 1273,1274
New Hampshire.......
1371
New Jersey............... 1400,1401
New Y ork................. 1540-1542
Pennsylvania............ 1840-1844
Washington.............. 2208-2210
United States........... 2367-2374
Inspector, cannery:
Delaware..................
Inspectors, factory, etc.:
Alabama...................
463
684-686
710
952
Massachusetts...........
New York................. 1556-1558
Ohio.......................... 1682,1683
Vermont................... 2144,2145
United States........... 2427-2430 186
Inspection, etc., of mer
cantile establishments:
New Jersey............... 1408,1409
New York................. 1487,1488
Inspection, etc., of mines.
(See Mine regulations.)
110-115
2011
2012,2026
2036,2037
Washington__
West Virginia.
Wisconsin......
Page.
166
213
166
1585
1608,1615 213
1644-1654
1716-1718
1755-1759
1787-1790 186
1838
1847-1849
1865-1867
1924,1925
1927-1937
1963
1970-1975
1977-1982
Tennessee........
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
No.
177
Iowa ........................
Kansas......................
Kentucky.................
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
186
177
186
71
39
1213
iss’ ” ii9,'i20
186 152-154
186
213
257
115
166
218-221
1
186
I
186
235
439,441
450,451
186
125-128
157,158 186
161,162
253
332,333
359,364
410,411 186
414,415
432,433 186
435-438
440,449
166
..........476’ 186
493 213
548,549 186
648-650 186
693-695
725,726
797
803,804
810,811 166
63,64
122
124-128
30
129
41
145
152
33
178
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Inspectors, factory, etc.—
Concluded.
Massachusetts...........
No.
Page.
837,852 166
90
853,862
884-887
914-916 166 94,98,99
123,124
213
61
959,960 166
130
976,1016 186
184
1017,1019
1021
Michigan................... 1061-1063
1067,1068
Minnesota................. 1134-1136
Mississippi................
Missouri.................... 1177-1179
Montana...................
1272
Nebraska..................
1290
New Hampshire.......
1365
New Jersey...............
1392
1393,1409
1410,1417
New York................. 1486-1489
Ohio.......................... 1605,1608
1644-1647
1668
Oklahoma.................
1716
Oregon...................... 1751,1752
Pennsylvania............ 1921-1923
Philippine Islands. . .
1946
Porto Rico................ 1959,I960
Rhode Island............ 1970-1972
1977
South Carolina..........
1993
1994,2003
South Dakota...........
2026
Tennessee................. 2036,2058
2061,2062
........................
Texas
2077,2078
Utah..........................
2130
Vermont................... 2146,2147
Virginia.....................
Washington.............. 2187,2188
West Virginia...........
2234
Wisconsin................. 2295-2297
166
147,148
213
83
213
136
186
381
186
166
395
186
416,417
Inspectors, mercantile:
New York___ s......... 1486-1488 166
182
Inspectors, mine:
Alabama...................
165,166
Alaska......................
192
Arizona..................... 196,217.218
Arkansas...................
236,237
Colorado...................
335-337
365-370
Idaho........................
507-511
Illinois.......................
594-599
Indiana.....................
660
662,673
Iowa..........................
729-731
Kansas......................
780,799
Kentucky..................
816-824
832
Louisiana..................
863
Marvland..................
926
Michigan...................
1074
1075,1084
Minnesota................ 1109-1111
Missouri.................... 1191-1193
Montana................... 1248-1253
1278
Nevada..................... 1328-1330
New Mexico.............. 1433,1445
1446,1451
New Jersey...............
New York.................
1524
North Carolina......... 1569,1570
North Dakota........... 1589,1590
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
186
2 12
66,67
186
186
146,147
152
186
163
166
53-56
69,71
213
65,66
186
215
186
227
166
166
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Inspectors, mine—Con.
Ohio.......................... 1605,1608
1617-1621
Oklahoma.................
1703
1724-1725
1744
Pennsylvania........... 1794-1797 186
1831,1832
1900-1905
South Dakota...........
2009
2030 186
Tennessee..................
2037-2042
Texas........................ 2080.2081
Utah......................... 2 1 1 1 ,2 1 1 2
Virginia..................... ;
2166
2198
Washington.............. !
West Virginia........... i 2243-2245 186
Wyoming.................. ;
2327
! 2242-2344
1
2349
United States........... 2408,2409
Inspectors, railroad:
Illinois......................
558,559
Maine........................
186
Massachusetts...........
950
Michigan...................
1073
Nebraska..................
1315
Ohio......................... 16S1,1G83 I
2098
Texas........................
W ashington.............. 2219,2220
Insurance, accident:
Connecticut..............
419 1
Idaho........................
532,533
Indiana.....................
690,691
Massachusetts...........
:i86
Michigan........ .......... 1050,1074
Nebraska..................
1283
1384
New Jersey...............
North Carolina..........
1580
North Dakota...........
1595
Oregon......................
1772
Pennsylvania........... 1926,1927
South Carolina..........
1995
2146
Vermont...................
Washington..............
2216
Wisconsin................. 2291,2292
Insurance, collective:
Maine........................
879
1384 j
New Jersey...............
Insurance, cooperative:
Marvland..................
921-926 '
Michigan...................
186
Insurance, employers:
California..................
301-304 j
Illinois......................
618
Louisiana..................
213
Maryland.................. ................ 1 166
Massachusetts...........
166
Michigan...................
213
1079-1082
1094
1123-1125
1283-1287
1368,1369
1469-1472
1686,1687
1995
Minnesota.................
Nebraska............z. .
New Hampshire.......
New York.................
Ohio..........................
South Carolina..........
186
Insurance, unemploy
ment:
Michigan...................
186
Intelligence offices. (See
Employment offices.)
Intemperate employees:
California..................
263
Illinois.......................
560
Michigan................... 1042,1047
Montana...................
1275
Nebraska..................
1282
1404
New Jersev. . . .........
Page.
329,331
380
400-402
177
185
187-189
54
95-98
130
131,143
71
3/1,3/2
187-189
179
CUMULATIVE INDEX OF LABOR LAWS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Intemperate employees—
Concluded.
New Y ark................. 1469,1550
1554,1555
North Dakota...........
1585
Oklahoma.................
1740
2138
V ermont...................
Wisconsin- ................ 2259,2260
2334
Wyoming..................
(See also Intoxica
tion, etc.)
Interference with em
ployment:
154
Alabama...................
Arkansas...................
234
429
Delaware..................
Florida......................
469,470 186
Georgia.....................
488,489
560
813,814
Louisiana..................
851
Massachusetts........... 1027,1028
1104,1108
Mississippi. u,
1144
Nevada.....................
1340
New Hampshire....... 1356,1357
New Jersey...............
1403
New York................ 1544,1545
North Dakota........... 1583,1591
Pennsylvania .
1785,1819
Rhode Island............ 1986,1987
Utah..........................
211 0
W aahington.............. 2180.2183
West Virginia...........
'2252 186
Wisconsin................. 2307,2308
United States...........
2422
(See also Blacklist
ing; Boycoting;
Conspiracy against
workingmen; En
ticing employees;
Intimidation; Pro
tection of employ
ees; Strikes of rail
road employees.)
Interstate commerce in
products of child labor.
(See Children, employ
ment of, general pro
visions forj
Intimidation:
Alabama.
. __
157
324
Colorado
__
398
Connecticut
__
539,558
Illinois......................
842,843
Louisiana
Maine........................
876
Massachusetts .. . .
967
1051
Michigan...................
1146
Mississippi
1164
Missouri....................
1544
New York.................
North Dakota........... 1592,1593
Oklahoma.................
1706
1749
Oregon......................
Porto Rico................
1953
1986
Rhode Island............
South Dakota........... 2017,2018
Texas........................
2091
2092,2094
Utah.........................
2125
Vermont...................
2140
2205
W ashington..............
(See also Interference
with employment,
and cross ref er
ences.)
Page.
130
408
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
Intoxicants, sale of, to
employees:
212
Arizona.....................
292
California..................
326,327
Colorado....................
Hawaii......................
501,502
Massachusetts...........
945
Michigan__
186 189,190
Minnesota................. 1095,1119
Montana................... 1241,1242 186
209
Nebraska.........
1310
Nevada.....................
1345
1360
New Hampshire.......
1385
New Jersey...............
1592
North Dakota...........
Ohio..........................
1665
1768
Oregon......................
1977
Rhode Island............
South Dakota.
2011
2129
Utah. . . . .
Vermont
....... 2139,2140
2187
Washington..............
2241
West Virginia...........
Intoxication, drinking,
etc., of employees:
160,182
Alabama...................
186
Alaska......................
70
226
Arizona.....................
239
Arkansas...................
273
California .
. ..
398
Connecticut...............
470
Florida......................
528
Idaho........................
613
Illinois......................
075,702
Indiana.....................
754
Iowa..........................
873
Maine__.•...................
932
Maryland..................
1092
Micfiigan...................
1106
Minnesota.................
Mississippi................
1145
1164
Missouri....................
Montana...................
1240
1265,1275
1282
Nebraska..................
1283,1312
Nevada..................... 1327,1339
1402
New Jersey...............
New Mexico..............
1439
1469
New York.................
1566
North Carolina..........
1592
North Dakota...........
Ohio.......................... 1637,1684
1706
Oklahoma.........'.......
Oregon......... ; ...........
1770
1912 186 338,339
Pennsylvania............
1958
Porto Rico................
2017
South Dakota...........
Utah......................... 2115,2124
2138
V ermont...................
2i3" ........ 147
Virginia....................
398
2182 186
Washington..............
West Virginia...........
2230
Wisconsin.................
2260
2347
Wyoming..................
(See also Intemperate
employees.)
Inventions, etc., of em
ployees:
United States............ 2433,2435
Isthmian Canal, hours of
labor on:
United States...........
2414
J.
Judgments for wages.
1
(See Suits for wages.)
!
180
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
K.
Kidnaping:
New York.................
1547
2423
166
197
L*
Labels. (See T r a d e marks.)
Labor agents. (See Emi
grant agents.)
Labor agreements not
conspiracy. (See Con
spiracy, labor agree
ments not.)
Labor and industries,
State board of:
Massachusetts........... 1015-1017
Labor, Bureau of. (See
Bureau of Labor.)
Labor camps, etc.:
304,305 186
California..................
186
Delaware...................
Hawaii......................
505
186
Michigan...................
New York.................
1515 186
1516,1531
Pennsylvania...........
186
(See also Lodging
houses.)
Labor commission:
186
Delaware...................
Hawaii......................
499-501
634-638 186
Indiana.....................
Labor, Commissioner of.
(See Bureau of Labor.)
Labor contracts. (See
Contracts of employ
ment.)
Labor, employment of.
(See Employment of
labor.)
Labor, etc., local or special
laws regulating. (See
local or special laws,
etc.)
L a b o r organizations,
bribery of representa
tives of. (See Bribery
of representatives, etc.)
Labor organizations, ex
cluding members of
National Guard:
1549
New York............... .
2197
Washington..............
2306
Wisconsin.................
Labor organizations, in
corporation, regulation,
etc., of:
334
Colorado...............
413
Connecticut...............
Iowa..........................
720
769,770
Kansas......................
Louisiana..................
839,840
879
Maine........................
946,947 166
Massachusetts...........
969,1001 186
Michigan................... 1048-1050
187
268-270
337
123,124
152
142
183,184
1060
Nebraska ............... 1279,1318
New Hampshire....... 1357,1358
1384
New Jersey...............
1453
New York.................
1603
Ohio..........................
Pennsylvania............ 1784,1785
1818-1821
166
South Carolina..........
Texas........................ 2075,2079
Wyoming..................
2345
United States............ 2404,2423 166
2436,2445
88,89
126,127
204
235,236
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Labor
organizations,
using false cards, etc.,of:
California..................
292 186
Connecticut...............
413
Georgia.....................
489,490
Massachusetts...........
969
Minnesota................
1107
Montana........ ..........
1243
New York.................
1549
Ohio..........................
1701
Oregon......................
1769
Pensylvania..............
1828
_
v
..............
Texas........................
2091
Virginia.....................
2162
Wisconsin.................
2307
Labor
organizations.
(See also Antitrust act;
C o n s p i r a c y , labor
agreements not; Pro
tection of employees as
members; Trade-marks
of tradc-unions.)
Labor organs, public ad
vertising in:
New Jersey...............
1402
L a b o r , Sunday. (See
Sunday labor.)
Laborers, a l i e n . (See
Alien laborers.)
Laborers, exemption of,
from license tax, list of
laws granting...............
80,81
Laborers’ lodging houses.
(See Lodging houses.)
Laborers. (See Employ
ees.)
Laundries, regulation of:
Arizona.....................
211
California..................
213
Delaware..................
186
Montana...................
1230
New York.................
1512
Oregon......................
213
Virginia..................... 2163,2164
Wisconsin................. 2313,2325
Leave of absence for em
ployees in public serv
ice:
California..................
292 186
District of Columbia..
463
Hawaii......................
186
Iowa........... .............
745,746
Massachusetts...........
166
186
Nevada.....................
, 1328
North Carolina..........
1565
United States........... 2354,2355
2360-2364
2435
Letter earners, hours of
labor of:
United States...........
2363
Letters of recommenda
tion. (See Employers’
certificates.)
Liability of corporations
for debts of contractors
for labor, list of laws
determinmg.................
76-79
Liability of employees for
negligence. (See Negli
gence.)
Liability of emDloyers,
and workmen’s com
pensation for injuries,
commission on. (See
Commission, etc.)
Liability of employers for
injuries to employees:
Alabama...................
151-153
189
Alaska......................
190,194
Page.
91
36
123
117,124
85
134
125
183
181
C U M U L A T IV E IN D EX OF LABOR LAW S.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Liability of employers for
injuries to employees—
Continued.
Arizona.....................
Arkansas...................
California..................
Colorado...................
Connecticut..............
District of Columbia..
Florida.....................
Georgia.....................
Idaho........................
Illinois......................
Indiana.....................
Iowa..........................
Kansas......................
Louisiana.................
Maine......................
Maryland
Massachusetts...........
Michigan...................
Minnesota.................
195,196
204,205
241,245
250,251
254,255
265,266
342,343
358,359
363,365
408
451,452
468
477,478
480-483
524-526
560
629
633,643
644,663
68&-690
695-697
720-722
740,741
774
775,793
801,802
' 846
847,865
881-883
897
960
987-991
1009,1010
1056,1057
110 0
1103,1128
Mississippi................ 1143.1146
1148,1151
1166-1169
Missouri.........
1194
1231
Montana...................
1245,1246
Nebraska.................. 1300,1301
1312,1317
Nevada .
. .
1337
New Hampshire
New Jersey............... 1394-1396
1433
New Mexico..............
1434,1436
1438,1439
New Y ork................. 1536-1538
1555
North Carolina..........
1564
1570,1577
North Dakota...........
1586
1593,1600
Ohio......................... 1665-1667
1680
1684-1687
Oklahoma.................
1703
1704,1723
Oregon......................
1760
1764,1765
1857
Pennsylvania...........
Philippine Islands. .. 1947-1949
Porto Rico................ 1951-1953
1991
South Carolina.......... 1994-1997
1999
2 01 2
South Dakota...........
No.
Page.
Page.
Liability of employers for
injuries to employees—
Concluded.
Wyoming..................
186
105
186
145,146
186
163,164
166
186
132
186
m
’ '202*203
166
147
186
225
186
237
186
296
186
298,299
186
186
342
363
213
140,141
Texas........................ 2086-2088
Utah .....................
2109
Vermont.................. 2142-2144
2151 213
Virginia.....................
2152,2154
2260,2287
Wisconsin
2289,2290
147,148
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
2 0 2 1 ,2 0 2 2
Bulletin.
No.
2327 166
2328,2341
2351,2352
United States........... 2419-2421 186
(See also Contracts of
employees waiving
right to damages;
Employment
of
labor; Injuries, etc.;
Insurance, employ
ers’ liability.)
Liability of employers for
taxes of employees:
262
California
Georgia
479
Idaho
511,520
Louisiana
849,850
Montana................... 1274,1275
Nevada..................... 1327,1328
1844
Pennsylvania............
1845,1864
(See also Employers
to furnish names,
etc.)
Liability of railroad com
panies for debts of con
tractors. (See Liability
of stockholders; Protec
tion of wages.)
Liability of railroad com
panies for injuries to
employees. (See Lia
bility of employers.)
Liability of railroad com
panies for wages due
from predecessors:
Wisconsin..................
2289
Liability of stockholders
of corporations for wage
debts, list of laws de
termining
79
License tax, exemption
of mechanics, etc., from,
80,81
list of laws granting... ’
License tax, laborers not
to pay:
837
Lo uisiana
1944
Philippine Islands. . .
Licensing, etc. (See Ex
amination, etc.)
Liens, digest of laws re
27-76
lating to .......................
Liquor. (See I n t o x i
cants.)
Loans to employees:
8 66
Louisiana..................
Local or special laws reg
ulating labor, etc.:
809
Kentucky.................
T
837
-LrlAiiicjiorio
tJtllOlOfXlo. . . . . . . . . . . .
186
North Carolina..........
1783
PennsyIvania. . . . . . . .
!
2071
Texas.......................
2151
V irginia
Locomotive boilers, in
spection of. (See In
spection of locomotives.)
Locomotives, etc., aband o n m e n t of. (See
Strikes of railroad em
ployees.)
Locomotives, headlights
on. (See Railroad,
safety provisions for.)
Lodging houses, laborers’ :
408
Connecticut...............
497
Hawaii......................
Page.
233
450
296
182
B U L L E T I N O F T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
No.
Page.
Mine regulations—Con.
Arizona.....................
Arkansas...................
Lodging houses, laborCSee a lso L a b o r
camps.)
Lodging houses, sailors’:
(See also Seamen.)
Lunch, time for. (See
Time for meals.)
846
2396
California..................
Colorado.. ...............
M.
Mail cars:
Mail, obstructing:
Idaho........................
Illinois .....................
2430,2435
2364
Mail service, ocean,
American vessels and
crews for:
2364
United States...........
Manufactures, State:
An>,nna...........
186
Married women, earnings
of. (See Earnings of
married women.)
Master and servant. (See
Employment of labor;
Liability of employers;
and cross references un
der each.)
Matches, use of white
phosphorus in making:
United States . . . . 2431,2432
Meals, time for. (See
Time for meals.)
Mechanics, exemption of,
from license tax, list of
laws granting...............
80,81
Mechanics, exemption of,
from manufacturers’
taxes:
1944
Philippine Islands. . .
Mechanics’ liens, digest of
laws relating to............
27-76
Mediation. (See Arbitra
tion.)
Medical attendance for
employees in smelting
works:
1435
New Mexico..............
Medical inspection:
New York................. 1488,1489
Pennsylvania............ 1922,1923
(See also Physical
examination of em
ployees.)
Mercantile establish
ments, etc., inspection
of. (See Inspection,
etc., of mercantile es
tablishments.)
Messenger service by chil
dren. (See Children,
employment of, in
street trades.)
Mine gases, etc., investi
gation of:
826,827
Kentucky..................
2426
United States ........
Mine inspectors. (See In
spectors, mine.)
Mine operations, com
mission on. (See Bu
reau of Mines.)
Mine regulations:
158
Alabama................
165-184
185 186
Alaska.......................
192,193
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
Indiana.....................
Iowa..........................
75,76
Kansas......................
Kentucky..................
Maryland..................
Michigan...................
Minnesota.................
Missouri....................
Montana...................
Nevada..................
New Mexico..............
New York...............
North Carolina..........
Ohio......................
66-72
Bulletin.
Page.
No.
216-228
231
234-239
243-245
269
286-289
321
323
335-341
365-389
526-529
535,556
557,565
580-588
591-616
624-627
653-663
669-673
729-737
747-755
757-760
777-790
801,804
805
816-827
831
926-934
1074-1077
10S3-1092
1109-1112
1183-1198
1204,1205
1214,1215
1240,1241
1247-1271
1328-1335
1344
1346-1348
1354
1433,1434
1436.1437
1445^-1451
1524-1526
1529,1547
1566-1571
1617-1644
186
186
73
77,78
186
105
186
186
137,138
146-149
186
163
186
169,170
Oklahoma................. 1723-1738
1742-1745
Oregon...................... 1762-1764
Pennsylvania............ 1792-1817
1831-18^7
1«57
1867-1916
1933
South Dakota........... 2009-2011
2018,2019
Tennessee.................
2031
2042-2055
2065-2067
Texas........................ 2080-2083
2097-2100
Utah......................... 2 1 1 1 -2 1 2 0
Virginia.................
2166-2177
Washington.............. 2198-2208
2217
West Virginia........... 2232,2233
2239-2241
2243-2254
Wisconsin...............
Wyoming..................
2327
2329,2330
2332-2345
2347-23'0
United States........... 2408-2410
(See also Accidents
in mines; Inspec
tors, mine; Mines,
etc.)
Page.
166
53-73
213
65,66
186
206-208
186
215
186
227-229
186
250
166
186
193,194
304,305
186
329-331
335
186
380,381
186
389
213
148
186
399-416
186
186
425,426
436,437
C U M U L A T IV E IN D E X OF LABOR LAW S.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Mine regulations, com
mission on:
Maryland..................
Mine regulations, com
mission on, digest of
laws as to .....................
Miners,examination, etc.,
of. (See Examination,
etc.)
Miners’ hnmft!
Pennsylvania............
Miners’ hospital:
California..................
New Mexico..............
Ohio..........................
Pfvnnsyl vania,.
Utah........................
West Virginia...........
Wyoming.................
Miners, qualifications of.
(See Examination, etc.,
of miners.)
Mines, accidents in. (See
Accidents in mines.)
Mines, bureau of. (See
Bureau of Mines.)
Mines, department of.
(See Bureau of Mines.)
Mines, electric wiring,
etc., in:
Alabama...................
Colorado...................
Idaho........................
Illinois........... ..........
Kansas......................
Kentucky.................
Michigan...................
Montana...................
Ohio.........................
Oklahoma...
Pennsylvania............
Texas........................
West Virginia..
Mines, fire-fighting and
rescue stations for.
(See Accidents, provi
sions for.)
Mines, etc., hours of la
bor in. (See Hours of
labor, etc.)
Mines, inspection of.
(See Mine regulations.)
Mines, inspectors of.
(See Inspectors, mine.)
Minimum wages:
Arkansas...................
California..................
Colorado...
........
Kansas. . . .
Massachusetts...........
Minnesota.................
Nebraska
Ohio........................
Oregon......................
Utah........................
W ashington
Wisconsin. .. .
Minimum wages, com
mission on, digest of
laws as to................
Minors, earnings of. (See
Earnings of minors.)
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
166
Page.
94
147
1829-1831
287
1439
1825,1826
213
183
107-110
2120
2235,2236
2328,2329
Misdemeanors, penalty
for:
Georgia.....................
New York.................
Utah.........................
Mothers’ pensions:
Arizona.....................
California..................
Colorado...................
Idaho........................
Illinois......................
Iowa..........................
Kansas.. . .
........
Maryland..................
Massachusetts...........
Michigan...
Minnesota.................
Missouri. . . .
Montana..................
Nebraska..................
Nevada.....................
New Hampshire.......
New Jersey...............
181,182
382
527
608
789
1087
1264
1630-1632
1732
1887-1895
2098, 2099
166
66
1
i
186
410,411
No.
Page.
492
1547-1549
2123
S. 186
262
326
533,534 186
618-620 186
719
186
213
1028,1029
1055,1056
1126
74,75
138
141
170,171
‘ 66-69
1201
1279,1280
1321,1322
1369,1370
1430,1431
186
186
186
186
186
1661,1662
1740,1745
1774,1775
1917,1918
2026-2028
186
213
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
New York.................
North Dakota...........
Ohio..........................
Oklahoma.................
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania
South Daikota
Tennessee
Utah
W ashington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wvomine
Mothers’ pensions, com
mission on, digest of
laws as to
Moving-pieture machines,
examination, etc., of
operators of, digest of
laws relating to ............
Bulletin.
2133,2134
2227,2228
2256,2257
209,210
217, 210
229,238
236,230
237
240,249
252-252
94
297.297
308
308,305
312,319
340-343
372
378,379
393
398
418,419
186" "435,’ 436
148
136,137
N.
186
79,80
29
313-320 166
93,94
186
213
29,30
390-392
186 171-175
1012-1014 166 128-130
184
186
213 76, 78,79
1138-1141
1306-1308
1603
311
1775-1780 186
213 118-120
122-127
2133
2224-2227 is 6 * '*397,'398
2282-2284
147,148
Names of employees to
be
furnished. (See
Employers to furnish
names, etc.)
Nationaf Guard, mem
bers of, not to be ex
cluded from labor or
ganizations. (See La
bor organizations, etc.)
National Guard, protec
tion of employees as
members of. (See Pro
tection of employees as
members of National
Guard.)
National trade-unions:
United States...........
Navy yards, employees
i in:
United States...........
Negligence of employees
of common carriers:
Alabama...................
Arizona.....................
Arkansas
California..................
Florida......................
Georgia.....................
Idaho........................
2404
2354
159
209
231
272,273
470
1
488
j
j
i
523
1
184
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Negligence of employees
of common carriers—
Concluded.
Illinois..................
Kansas................
Louisiana.............
Maine...................
Massachusetts......
Michigan. . .
Minnesota..
Mississippi..
Missouri___
Montana__
Nevada.......
New Jersey.
New Y ork..
North Dakota..
Oklahoma.......
Oregon.............
Pennsylvania..
Porto Rico......
South Carolina.
South Dakota..
Tennessee........
Utah................
Vermont..........
Virginia...........
Washington___
539
766,767
840
875
948,949
952,953
1059
1104-1107
1145,1146
1163
1239,1240
1338-1340
1401,1402
1542,1546
1547,1550
1591,1592
1706
1748
1786
1957,1958
2000,2006
2016,2017
2034
2124
2138
2159
2180-2182
2184,2209
2210
2230
West Virginia...........
2306
Wisconsin.................
United States...........
2407
Negligence of operators of
steam boilers, etc.:
208
Arizona.....................
272
California..................
Idaho........................
523
Minnesota................. 1106,1107
Montana................... 1238-1240
Nevada..................... 1338,1340
New York............... .
1547
1549,1550
North Dakota........... 1591.1592
Pennsylvania............ 1842", 1843
1957
Porto Rico................
2017
South Dakota...........
Negligent fellow servant
to be named in verdict:
Minnesota.................
1103
Newsboys. (See Chil
dren, employment of,
in street trades.)
Night work. (See Chil
dren, night work by;
Women, night work
by.)
Nonresidents, employ
ment of, as armed
guards. (See Armed
guards.)
Notice of intention to ter
minate employment.
(See Employment, ter
mination of, notice of.)
Notice of reduction of
wages. (See Wages,
reduction of, notice of.)
O.
Obligations of employers,
etc. (See Employment
of labor.)
Obstructing mail:
United States..........
2364
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
Occupational diseases,
commission, etc., on,
resolutions as to...........
Occupational diseases, re
ports, prevention, etc.,
of:
California..................
Connecticut.
Illinois........
Maine..............
Maryland........
Massachusetts.
131
Michigan.............
Minnesota...........
Missouri..............
New Hampshire.
New Jersey.........
New Mexico.......
New York..........
Bulletin.
No.
148
263
296,297
424
568
588-591
145,146
1008,1009
1033-1035
1074
1122
1211-1214
1369
1423
1435
1490
1512,1516
1526-1529
Ohio.
1661
1668-1672
Pennsylvania.......... . 1934-1937
Rhode Island.......... .
Wisconsin................. 2258,2259
Ocean mail service,
American vessels and
crews for:
United States...........
2364
Offenses.
(See Negli
gence.)
Oil and gas wells near
mines:
Illinois.....................
616
Ohio........................ 1640,1641
Old-age, accident, etc.,
relief:
Alaska.....................
186
Arizona...................
Old-age insurance and
pensions, commissions
on, digest of laws as to.
148,149
Overtimo work:
Arkansas.................
Oklahoma...............
Oregon.....................
1780
Porto Rico...............
1961
Texas...................... .
Washington...........
2192
United States..........
2436
Payment of wages due at
end of employment:
Arizona...................
Arkansas.................
California................ .
Colorado..................
Idaho.......................
Indiana...................
Kansas....................
Louisiana................
Maine.......................
Massachusetts..........
Minnesota................
Missouri...................
New Jersey..............
Oregon.....................
South Carolina........
Wisconsin...............
Page.
209
239,240
298,299
346
532
690
773,800
984
1206
1393,1394
1762
1998 186
186,421
158-162
181
367
74,75
79
308
390
154
87,90
151
'87-89
201
373,374
185
C U M U L A T IV E IN D EX OF LABOR LA W S.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Payment of wages due
deceased employees:
Alabama...................
153
Arizona.....................
211
Delaware..................
435
Georgia.....................
483
Mississippi................ 1146,1147
New Jersey............. . 1399,1400
Pennsylvania...........
1856
Payment of wages in bar
rooms:
California................
275
Nevada...................
1334
Payment of wages in
scrip:
Arizona...................
209-212
Arkansas.................
242
California.................
294,295
Colorado..................
346-348
Florida....................
Georgia..................
479
Illinois.....................
557
Indiana...................
640
653,687
Iowa........
735
Kansas —
771
Kentucky.
809,814
Louisiana.
841
842,853
Maryland.
920
921,939
Michigan..
1044
1082,1083
Mississippi..........
Montana.............
1228
Nevada...............
1325,1342
New Hampshire.
1362,1363
New Jersey.........
1397,1398
New Mexico.......
1-137
1438,1440
New York.............
1478,1479
North Carolina.......
1566
Oklahoma..............
1719
Oregon...................
1762
Pennsylvania........
1844
Philippine Islands.
1954
Porto Rico.............
1998
South Carolina.......
1999,2005
Tennessee.
2033
2035,2036
Vermont................... 2136,2137
Virginia.....................
2159
Washington.............. 2189,2190
2234
West Virginia...........
Wisconsin................. 2235,2261
(See also Company
stores.)
Payment of wages, modes
and times of:
Arizona.....................
Arkansas..................
239
240,249
299
California.
305,306
Colorado___
345-348
Connecticut.
407,408
498
Hawaii.......
Illinois........
542
561,623
639-641
Indiana.
687,703
704
735
Iowa........ .
Kansas---773
Kentucky..
821
864
Louisiana..
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
Page.
Payment of wages, modes
and times of—Concld.
Maine........................
131
Maryland..................
Massachusetts...........
Minnesota.................
Mississippi................
100,101
129
145,146
203,204
371,374
379
101
159,160
169
46,47
8 6 , 87
52
Bulletin.
No.
872,873 186
883, S84
895
938,939
984,986 166
1000 186
213
1103 186
1153 166
213
Missouri.................... 1160,1176
1177,1184
1185,1202
New Hampshire.......
1355
1356,1368
New Jersey............... 1396-1400
1406,1417
New York..............
1479,1548
1 S6
North Carolina..........
Ohio.......................
1693,1694
Oklahoma................. 1719 1742
Pennsylvania............ 1825,1857
1917,1933
Rhode Island............
1983
South Carolina..........
1995 166
213
Tennessee.................. 2033,2064
Texas........................
186
Vermont................... 2136i,2137
Virginia..................... 2158,2159
West Virginia...........
2235
2281 186
Wisconsin.................
W voming..................
2345
United States...........
186
(See also Payment of
wages in scrip.)
Payment of wages, re
fusal of. (See Wages,
refusing to pay.)
Peddler's license, exemp
tion of mechanics from,
list of laws granting___
80,81
Penalty for misdemean
ors. (Sec Misdemean
ors.)
Pension for employees:
Massachusetts. .
993-999 166
1002-1007
1009,1011 186
1018,1027 213
New Jersey...............
186
Pennsylvania............
17*3 186
Philippine Islands
Pensions, mothers’. (See
Mothers’ pensions.)
Peonage:
Nevada.....................
Philippine Islands
United States..........
1345
2355
2408,2423
Page.
178
125,126
184,186
71
201
145
146,150
82
295,296
204
139
386
421
441
213
128,130
133,134
183,186
73,74
243-246
320
326-328
339
129,130
166
197
Phosphorus, white, use
of, in manufacture of
matches:
United States........... 2431,2432
Physical competence, cer
tificates of. (See Chil
dren, employed, etc.)
Physical examination of
employees:
588
Illinois......................
166 ........ i61
New Jersey...............
1482 186 271,272
New Y ork.................
1671
Ohio..........................
1936 186' ’ 328,3?9
Pennsylvania............
186
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
No.
Physicians, employment
of:
Arkansas..................
New Mexico..............
Tennessee.................
Picketing:
Alabama...................
Colorado...................
Washington...... r___
West Virginia...........
United States...........
(See also Interference
with employment.)
Plate printers, wages,
etc., of:
United States...........
Plumbers, examination,
etc., of, digest of laws
relating to....................
Poisons, handling, manu
facture, etc., of. (See
Occupational diseases.)
Police o f f i c e r s . (See
Armed guards.)
Policemen, employment
of, as laborers:
Maryland..................
Poll tax of employees,
liability of employers
for. (See Liability of
employers for taxes of
employees.)
Postal employees, rights
of:
United States...........
Powder, use of, in mines.
(See Mine regulations.)
Preference of wages.
(See Wages as pre
ferred claims.)
Printing, public. (See
Public printing.)
Profit sharing by cor
porations:
Connecticut...............
Massachusetts...........
Piptection of alien labor
ers. (See Alien labor
ers.)
Protection of employees
as candidates for office:
California..................
Wyoming..................
Protection of employees
as members of labor or
ganizations:
California
Colorado...................
Connecticut..............
Idaho........................
Indiana.....................
Kansas......................
Louisiana..................
Massachusetts...........
Minnesota.................
Mississippi................
Nevada.....................
New Hampshire.......
New Jersey...............
New York.................
Ohio..........................
Oklahoma.................
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania............
Porto R ico...............
Soutn Carolina..........
Utah.........................
Wisconsin.................
Page.
255,256
1435
2035
154
324
2252
235
2434
137-140
2436,2437
402
946
2332
275
351,352
398,399
518,519
631
774
967
1107,1108
1149,1150
1343
1371,1372
1400
1544,1545
1693
1719,1720
1750
1840
1958
2003,2004
2129
2308
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
186
85
Page.
No.
Protection of employees
as members of National
Guard:
Arizona.....................
229,230
274
California..................
580
Illinois......................
Kansas......................
777
879
Maine........................
Massachusetts........... 1010,1011
Michigan...................
1061
Mississippi................
213
1549
New York............... .
Oklahoma................
1745
Washington.............. 2197,2198
Wisconsin.................
2306
Protection of employees
as traders. (See Coer
cion of employees.)
Protection of employees
as voters:
155
Alabama...
........
208
Arizona.....................
232
Arkansas...................
271
California..................
327-329
Colorado....................
399>
Connecticut...............
427
Delaware...................
Florida......................
471,472
Idaho........................
523
Indiana.....................
631
Iowa..........................
719,720
768
Kansas......................
815 213
Kentucky..................
840,841
Louisiana..................
898
Marvland..................
1039
Massachusetts...........
1052
Michigan...................
1095
Minnesota.................
1108,1122
Mississippi................ 1143,1144
1169
Missouri....................
1237
Montana........
1280
Nebraska..................
Nevada.....................
1345
New Jersey............... 1376,1377
1434
New Mexico..............
1441,1443
New York.................
1546
North Carolina.......... 1565,1581
1694
Ohio..........................
Oklahoma_________ 1707.1708
Oregon...................
1748,1749
1783,1784
Pennsylvania........
1945
Philippine Islands.
South Carolina..........
South Dakota...........
Tennessee.................
91,92
Bulletin.
Texas........................
Utah.....................
West Virginia...........
Wisconsin.................
Wyoming..................
(See also Time to
vote.)
Protection of employees
on buildings:
California..................
Colorado___
Connecticut.
Illinois........
2001
2010
2011,2016
2032
2055,2056
2090
2106
2229 186
2255
2277,2311
2329
273
274,286
298-300
307
392,393
413,414
562-565
82
85
187
C U M U L A T IV E IN D EX O P LABOR LAW S.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Protection of employees
on buildings—Concld.
Indiana.....................
TCfvnsns
New York.................
Ohio..........................
Oklahoma.................
Oregon......................
Pfinnsyl vania
Porto Rico................
Rhode Island............
Wisconsin.................
Protection of employees
on road engines:
Indiana.....................
Protection of employees
on street railways:
Colorado ..................
ConnftP.tinnt
...
Delaware..................
District of Columbia .
Illinois......................
Indiana.....................
Iowa.........................
Kansas.....................
Louisiana..................
Maine........................
Massachusetts...........
Michigan...................
Minnesota.................
Mississippi..........
Missouri....................
Montana...................
Nebraska..................
New Hampshire.......
New Jersey...............
New York................
North Carolina..........
Ohio.........................
Oregon.....................
South Carolina..........
Tennessee..................
Utah.........................
Virginia....................
Washington..............
West Virginia...........
Wisconsin.................
(See also Street rail
ways, safety appli
ances on.)
Protection of employees.
(See also Fire escapes
on factories; Guards for
dangerous machinery;
Inspection of factories,
etc.; Mine regulations;
Railroads, safety appli
ances on.)
Protection of wages, sum
mary of laws requiring.
(See also Exemption
of wages; Forced
contributions; Lia
bility of stockhold
ers of corporations
for wage debts;
Wages as preferred
claims.)
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
695-697
775,776
853-856
899,900
1042
1130,1131
1180
1244,1245
1301-1305
1480,1481
1548,1549
1608
1691,1692
1721,1722
1759,1760
1783
1851,1852
1961
1988,1989
2295,2296 i 6 6
2i.7,2jL8
688
341,342
403
435
456
560,561
633,634
719,744
794,795
850
876,877
953
1045
1108
1153
1166
1225
1226,1271
1315,1316
1359
1404
1559
1564
1692
1766
1999
2035
2121,2125
2153
2215
2237
2291
186
159
166
75
186
301
166
203
76-79
>
Page.
Public buildings, con
tract work on:
263
California..................
Public carriers, intem
perate employees on.
(See Intemperate em
ployees; Intoxication.)
Public employment of
fices. (See Employ
ment offices.)
Public printing office,
employees in:
261,262
California..................
798
Kansas ....................
1773
Oregon.....................
Philippine Islands — 1939,1940
United States
- - 2362,2363
2422,2434
Public printing to be
done within the State,
86,87
list of laws requiring. . .
Public printing, union la
bel to be used, on:
903
Maryland ...............
1217
Montana...................
1335
Nevada.....................
Public-servioe commis
sions, duties of:
195
Arizona ...
California
...........
425
Connecticut
464
District of Columbia..
506
Hawaii
- 627,628
Illinois.....................
674,675
Indiana ..................
Kansas
....
Maine ...................
Missouri ..................
1216
Montana................... 1245,1277
Nebraska
1315
Nevada ................
1335
New Jersey...............
1409
New Mexico.............
1433
Oregon.....................
1764
Pennsylvania
1937,1938
South Carolina......
1995
Vermont................... 2138,2139
W ashington.............. 2213.2218
2219,2223
Wisconsin................. 2284,2286
United States.......... 2421-2426
Public supplies, prefer
ence of domestic prod
ucts for: _
;
California..................
264
Michigan...................
1077
New York................
1559
North Dakota...........
1585
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania...........
United States........... 2353,2355
Public works, commis
sion on labor on, reso
lution as to...................
147
Public works, employ
ment of aliens on. (See
Aliens, employment of,
etc.)
Public works, hours of
labor on. (See Hours
of labor.)
Public works, labor on:
Arizona.....................
197
California..................
263
Hawaii......................
496
Idaho........................
Maryland..................
034
Nevada.....................
1327
New Jersey...............
1376
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
186
103
186
87
186
186
175
177
186
399
186
186
186
297
317
342
439
186
186
186
133
135-137
183
102
188
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR .STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Public works, labor on—
Concluded.
Oklahoma.................
Oregon......................
(See also Rates of
wages of employees
on public works.)
Public works, payment
of wages of employees
on:
Bulletin.
No.
1453 186 •
1479,1480
1718,1719
1773, ]774
2155
274,275
Public works, etc., pref
erence of citizens or
resident laborers, etc.,
on:
Arizona.....................
186
Indiana.....................
664
Louisiana..................
848,856
Maine........................
879
Massachusetts...........
967 1(16
New Hampshire.......
186
New Mexico..............
1440
New York................
1479 186
Pennsylvania........... 1838,1845
Utah.........................
2129
(See also Aliens, em
ployment of.)
Public works, preference
of domestic materials
for:
Massachusetts...........
166
Minnesota.................
186
Missouri.................... 1155,1201
New Mexico..............
1440
Porto Rico................
186
Washington..............
2221
United States...........
2361
Public works, rates of
wages of employees on.
(See Rates of' wages,
etc.)
R.
Railroad bridges, height
of. (See R a i l r o a d
tracks, etc.)
Railroad cars, etc., to be
repaired within the
State:
Arkansas...................
Louisiana.................
Texas.......................
Railroad cars, refusal to
move. (See Strikes of
railroad employees.)
Railroad commissions.
(See Public service
commissions.)
Railroad companies, li
ability of, for debts of
contractors for labor.
(See Liability of stock
holders; Protection of
wages.)
Railroad companies, li
ability of, for injuries
to employees. (See Li
ability of employers.)
Railroad companies, li
ability of* for wages
due from predecessors:
Wisconsin.................
Railroad employees, com
plaints by:
Massachusetts...........
856,857
2096
2289
949
186
Page.
251
73
134
235
251
132
203,204
365
80,81
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Railroad employees, diso b e d i e n c e of. (See
Negligence, etc.)
Railroad employees, ex
amination, etc., of.
(See Examination,etc.)
Railroad employees, false
charges against:
. 241
Arkansas...................
697,698
Indiana.....................
186
Iowa..........................
1164
Missouri....................
2028
South Dakota...........
Railroad e m p l o y e e s ,
f o r c e d contributions
from. (See F o r c e d
contributions.)
Railroad e m p l o y e e s ,
hours of labor of. (See
Hours of labor, etc.)
Railroad employees, illit
erate:
532
Idaho... ....................
1106
Minnesota. ...........
Nevada ..................
1339
1550 213
New York
Ohio.............: .......
1689
Oregon
1772
Washington.............. 2182,2214
Railroad employees, etc.,
intoxication of. (See
Intoxication.)
Railroad employees, neg
ligence of. (See Negli
gence, etc.)
Railroad employees, pro
tection of. (See Rail
roads, safety appli
ances on.)
Railroad e m p l o y e e s ,
qualifications of:
203,204
Arizona.....................
212,213
California..................
294
Georgia.....................
479
480,491
Indiana....................
695,704
705,709
Massachusetts...........
952
1007,1008
Michigan................... 1077,1078
Ohio..........................
1689
Oregon ..
1772
(See also Examina
tion, etc., of rail
road
employees;
Railroad employ
ees, illiterate; Tel
egraph operators,
railroad, etc.)
Railroad employees, rules
for. (See Rules, etc.)'
Railroad
employees,
strikes of. (See Strikes,
etc.)
Railroad employees to be
paid when discharged.
(See Payment of wages
due discharged em
ployees.)
Railroad employees, uni
forms of:
New York.................
1551
Washington.............. 2214,2215
Railroad employees, etc.,
voting by:
Kansas......................
768,769
I
Missouri.................... 1 21 0 ,1 2 1 1
Page.
168
94
189
C U M U L A T IV E IN D EX OF LABOR LAW S,
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Railroad employees,etc.,
voting by—Concluded.
1322
Nevada.....................
New Mexico.............. 1443,1444
Railroad i n s p e c t o r s .
(See Inspectors, rail
road.)
Railroad relief societies.
(See Benefit societies.)
Railroad tracks, bridges,
wires, etc., over:
Arkansas...................
243
Connecticut..............
399
TdfVho.. ......
......
520,521
667,668
Indiana.....................
691,692
723
Iowa.........................
795
Kansas.....................
Kentucky.................
813
Michigan................... 1044,1048
Minnesota.................
Mississippi................
1148
Nebraska..................
New Hampshire.......
1358
North Dakota...........
1599
Ohio..........................
1683
1684,1689
Oregon...................... 1765,1766
Rhode Island...........
1983
Vermont...................
2137
Railroad tracks, struc
tures near:
Indiana.....................
668
Kansas.....................
Minnesota................. 1127,1128
North Dakota........... 1599,1600
Ohio..........................
1690
Railroad train orders:
California..................
Railroad trains, number
cf cars in:
Arizona.....................
228
Railroad trains, «tc., suf
ficient crew required
on:
Arizona.....................
210
214,215
Arkansas..................
246,249
250,254
Palifnrn iq
293,294
Connecticut..............
402
403,417
Indiana.....................
675,676
688,706
708-710
Maine........................
873
Maryland..................
896,897
Massachusetts__
1029
Mississippi................
Missouri.................... 1208,1209
Nebraska
1310,1311
Nevada..................... 1346,1347
New .Teisey............... 1426,1427
X
T/\
\T"V
/-\-v»1>.
In
OT
W
x"01K................
1554
North Dakota...........
1586
Ohio........................ 1690,1691
Oregon......................
1781
Pennsylvania........... 1916,1917
South Carolina..........
1996
Texas
2084
Washington.............. 2 2 2 0 ,2 2 2 1
W isconsin................
2288
Railroad trains, switch
ing:
Mississippi................ 1147,1148
Railroads, accidents on.
(See Accidents.)
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
186
233
18G* "
2 0 i ,2 0 2
186' "*2i8*2i9
186
186
175
2 0 1 ,2 0 2
186
91
Page.
Railroads, construction
of caboose cars on:
Arkansas..................
Illinois..................
Indiana.....................
Iowa..........................
Maine........................
Michigan...................
Minnesota.................
Missouri....................
Montana...................
Nebraska..................
New Hampshire.......
New York.................
North Dakota...........
Ohio..........................
South Dakota...........
Virginia....................
Washington..............
Wisconsin.................
Railroads, construction
of post-office cars on.
(See Railway mail cars.)
Railroads, hours of labor
of employees on. (See
Hours of labor.)
Railroads, inspection of.
(See Inspection of rail
roads, etc.)
Railroads, obstructing,
hindering operation of,
etc. (See Abandon
ment of locomotives;
Strikes- of railroad em
ployees.)
Railroads, rules for em
ployees on. (See Rules,
etc.)
Railroads, safety provi
sions, etc., on:
Arizona.....................
Arkansas..................
California..................
Colorado...................
186
91,92
Connecticut..............
Delaware..................
District of Columbia..
Florida......................
Georgia.....................
Idaho........................
Illinois......................
Bulletin.
No.
253
579,580
686,687
746
891
1056
1119
1202,1203
1231
1313,1314
1369
1558
1595,1596
1680 186
2022,2023
2165,2166 166
2214
2285
Page.
335
208
215,216
247 186
78
250,253
312,313 186 86,87,91
342
343,395
402,425
433,434
452
478
480,491
533
559
560,628
6 6 6 -6 6 8
166
i 86
150,151
I.............
J ■ 229
Iowa..........................
Kansas.................
.. ......
I.
__ 1..............
__ i.......
i
|
" I .............
1
Kentucky.................
Louisiana..................
Maine........................
Massachusetts...........
Michigan...................
Minnesota...............
Mississippi................
673,674
677
680-682
684
705-707
709,710
721
722,745
756,757
793
802,803
806,807
813
845,86i
873
950-952
1044,1045
1047,1048
1055,1083
1100
1113-1115
1123
1148,1150 213
1153,1154
81
190
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TIST IC S.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Railroads, safety provi
sions, etc., on—Concld.
Missouri....................
Montana...................
Nebraska..................
Nevada.....................
New Hampshire.......
North Carolina..........
North Dakota...........
Oklahoma.................
Philippine Islands__
Rhode Island............
South Carolina..........
Page.
No.
Page.
1161-1163
1206-1209
1243
1245,1277
1311-1315
1346
1355
1433
1551,1554
1556-1559
1572,1573
1600,ieoi
1678-1684
1691
1705,1706
1772
1773,1780
1944
1983,1984
1995-1997
2008
186
205,206
186
229
South Dakota........... 2 0 2 0 ,2 0 2 1
Texas........................ 2083-2085
2089,2090
Vermont..... . ............ 2137,2138
2145,2146
2153,2154
2210-2214
2218-2220
West Virginia...........
W isconsin................. 2260,2261
2284-2289
United States........... 2401,2402
2413,2414
2421-2425
(See also Inspection of
railroads,etc.; Rail
roads, construction
of caboose cars on.)
Railroads, shelflrs for
workmen on:
Arkansas..................
245
Kansas......................
794
Mississippi................
1153
N orth Carolina..........
1579
Oklahoma................. 1722,1723
Oregon......................
1768
South Carolina..........
Texas........................
2085
Railroads,standard work
day and rates of wages
of employees on:
United States...........
Railroads, workingmen’s
trains on:
Massachusetts...........
952
Railway mail ears:
United States...........
2430
Rates of wages of employ
ees of public printing
offices. (See Public
printing office.)
Rates of wages of employ
ees on public works:
Arizona.....................
197
California..................
289
Hawaii......................
501
634
Indiana.....................
Maryland
..........
934
Massachusetts...........
1008
Nebraska..................
1282
Nevada.....................
1327
New York.................
1476
Oklahoma................. 1718,1719
United States...........
2437
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
i.86 '*249*250
166
213
2 6 4 ,2 6 5
166
208,209
186
399
166
137
205
213
153,154
186
133
166
130,131
213
92
Page.
Rates of wages of labor
ers at salvage:
Virginia....................
Rates of wages of weav
ers, ete., to be posted:
Massachusetts...........
Recommendation, letters
of. (See Employers’
certificates.)
Reduction of wages, no
tice of. (See Wages,
reduction of, notice of.)
Registration of factories,
etc. (See Factories,
etc., registration of.)
Releases. (See Contracts
of employees waiving
right to damages.)
Relief department:
Arizona.....................
Florida......................
Indiana.....................
Massachusetts...........
Ohio..........................
Philippine Islands.. .
South Carolina..........
Repayment of employers’
advances. (See Em
ployers’ advances.)
Resident laborers, prefer
ence of, on public
works, etc. (See Pub
lic works.)
Restriction of employees
in trading. (See Coer
cion.)
Retirement funds. (See
Pensions.)
Right of action for inju
ries. (See Injuries.)
Rights of labor. (See
Employment of labor.)
Rules for railroad, etc.,
employees:
Arizona.....................
Connecticut..............
Indiana.....................
Michigan...................
Philippine Islands...
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
2156
985
213
477
665,666
949
1684,1685
1941,1942
1994,1995
.......... r
195,230
425
674
1047,1048
1944
S.
Safety, American Mu
seum of:
New York.................
Safety appliances. <See
Fire escapes on facto
ries; <3uards for danger
ous machinery; Inspec
tion of factories; Rail
roads, safety provisions
on; Street railways,
safety provisions on.)
Safety lamps. (See Mine
regulations.)
Sailors. (See Seamen.)
Sailors’ boarding houses.
(See Lodging houses,
sailors’.)
Salvage laborers, wages
of:
Virginia.....................
Scaffolding, etc. (See
Protection of employees
on buildings.)
Scrip, payment of wages
in. (See Payment of
wages in scrip.)
1561
2156
166
186
191
C U M U L A T IV E IN D E X O F LABOR L A W S .
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
Bulletin.
■
No.
Page.
Seamen:
Seamen, American, for
ocean mail scrvice:
United States...........
Seamen, employment of,
as laborers, etc.:
... . . . . .
T«xas........................
2354,2355 186
*2364-2367
2374-2401
2405,2407
2408,2414
2437,2438
Seamen, list of State laws
relating to.....................
(See also Lodging
houses,
sailors’ ;
Shipping masters.)
Seamen’s hospitals:
United States...........
Seats for employed chil
dren:
Delaware...................
Kentucky..................
Oklahoma ...
South Dakota . .
Vermont.............
Wisconsin.................
Seats for employees In
stores, etc.:
Florida......................
Seats for employees on <
street railways. (See
Street railways.)
Seats for female employ
ees:
Alabama...................
Arizona.....................
Arkansas__
California..................
Colorado....................
Connecticut..............
Delaware...................
District of Columbia..
Florida.....................
Idaho........................
Illinois......................
Indiana.....................
Iowa..........................
Kansas......................
Kentucky.................
Louisiana
Maine.....................
Maryland..................
\TftccfS^hncail'c!
Minnesota
Missouri....................
Montana
A
TCU
ohraelrA
J
LM
iwSnu. . . . _. . . . . .
Nbw Hani pslure. . . . .
New Jersey. .
New York.................
North Carolina..........
Ohio..........................
Oklahoma.................
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Porto liioo...............
lihode Island............
South Carolina..........
South Dakota...........
2364
843
2094
2433,2434
97
2405
445
978
1713
2026
2141
2271
166
469
157
198
199,202
256, 257
279, 295
335
408
430-432
456
475
485,489
534
546,568
680
631,647
727,740
772
830,833
848,860
883
917,935
978
1065,1070
1096
1163
1164,1180
1277
1292
1359
1393,1394
1480,1535
1575
1648,1649
1715,1716
1755
1930
1962
1971
2002
2026
213
166
166
213
186
213
186
Page.
Page.
No.
Seats for female employ
ees—Concluded.
2057
Tennessee..................
2103 186
Texas........................
Utah.........................
2108
186
Vermont...................
Virginia.....................
2157
2216
W ashington..............
West Virgima...........
2239
Wisconsin.................
2277
Wyoming..................
2346 186
Security for wages. (See
Mechanics’ liens; Pro
tec tion of wages; Wages
as preferred claims.)
Service. (See Employ
ment of labor.)
Set-offs not to defeat ex
emption of wages:
Alabama...................
154
Sex no disqualification
for employment:
California___
261
541
Illinois......................
Washington
2191
36 Shelters over railroad re
pair tracks. (See Rail
roads, shelters for work
men on.)
Shipping masters:
Florida ................
465,471
842,843
Louisiana..
........
United States........... 2374-2379
I
(See also Lcdging
houses,
sailors’;
Seamen.)
Shuttles:
Massachusetts........... 982,1000
Slave labor:
Nevada
1345
1939
Philippine Islands...
Sleeping rooms for work
men:
31
California..................
291
394
Colorado...................
401
Connecticut
436
Delaware..................
30
Illinois......................
617
683
Indiana....................
761
Iowa..........................
166
Maryland..................
943
Massachusetts...........
Michigan...................
186
1204
Missouri....................
1281
New
Jersey...............
1383,1419
36
1521 186
New York*.................
Page.
440-450
Ohio..........................
Oklahoma.................
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania...........
Rhode Island............
Tennessee..................
Washington..............
Wisconsin.................
Wyoming..................
Smelting works, hours o f ;
labor in. (See Hours
of labor in mines,
; smelters, etc.)
308 Smoking in factories, etc.:
Minnesota.................
121
Nevada.....................
354
New York.................
Penns yl vania...........
Vermont...................
Washington..............
59
1650
1741
186
1827 186
1973
2059
2186
2261
2351
390
390
437,438
100
187
255
268,271
318
352
1108
1339
1508 186 256,257
188
353
2140
.............
2182 ;
192
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Soliciting money from
employees. (See Em
ployment,
foremen,
etc., accepting fees for
, furnishing.)
State, manufactures by:
Arizona.....................
Statistics, i n d u s t r i al.
(See Bureau of Labor.)
Stay of execution in suits
for wages. (See Suits
for wages.)
Steam boilers, inspection
of. (See Inspection,
etc.)
Steam boilers, negligence
of operators of. (See
Negligence, etc.)
Steam boilers, repairing,
cleaning, etc.:
Bulletin.
No.
106
1723
Steam engineers, exami
nation, etc., of, digest
of laws relating to......
140-143
Steamboats, employees
on. (See Seamen.)
Steamboats, employment
of unlicensed engineers
on:
157
Alabama...................
Steamboats, inspection
of. (See Inspection,
etc.)
Steamboats, negligence
of employees on. (See
Negligence, etc.)
Stevedores:
......................
Florida
470,471
Maryland..................
937,938
Texas........................ 2101-2103
Stock, special, for em
ployees of corporations:
Massachusetts...........
946 166
Stockholders,liability of,
list of laws determining.
79
Street railways, examina
tion, etc., of employees
on. (See
Examina
tion, etc.)
Street railways, hours of
labor of employees on.
(See Hours of labor, etc.)
Street railways, news
boys on:
Massachusetts...........
953
Street railways, protec
tion of employees on.
(See Protection of em
ployees.)
Street railways, rights
and remedies of em
ployees on:
South Carolina . .
1999
Street railways, safety
provisions on:
273
California.................
Connecticut.............
416
744-746
953
Massachusetts
ATnn
1277
"NTtvvsj
1360,1361
1686
Ohio
.- V Armnnf
2145
\ATqoilIT)crtAn
2218
2260
Wisconsin
Street railways, seats for
employees on:
418,419 186
Connecticut..............
863
Louisiana..................
Bulletin
No. 148.
Pag*.
75,76
141
121
Page.
Street railways, seats for
employees on—Concld.
Missouri....................
New Jersey...............
Oregon.....................
Vermont...................
Strike, notice of, in ad
vertisements, etc., for
laborers:
California..................
Colorado....................
Illinois.......................
Maine........................
Massachusetts...........
Bulletin.
No.
Page.
1163
1403
1766
2145
320,321 186
85
364
550.551
'890
127
991 166
186
185
72,73
213
1239
1372
175
166
1720
1761
180~ “ §33*334
2056
i 8 6 * ........ 424
Montana...................
New Hampshire.......
New York.................
Oklahoma.................
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania............
Tennessee..................
Wisconsin.................
(See also Employ
ment of labor, de
ception in.)
Strikes, factory inspec
tors not to be concerned
in:
Kentucky..................
811
Strikes of railroad em
ployees:
Connecticut...............
398
Delaware...................
429,430
Georgia.....................
480
Illinois.......................
557,558
Kansas......................
767
Kentucky..................
813
Maine........................
875,876
Mississippi................
1145
New Jersey............... 1402,1403
Pennsylvania...........
1785
Texas........................
2094
Strikes, participation in,
not to be bar to employ
ment:
Minnesota.................
1097
Texas........................ 2074,2075
Strikes. (See also Arbi
tration of labor dis
putes; Conspiracy, la
bor agreements not; In
terference with employ
ment.)
Suits for injuries. (See
Injuries, etc.)
Suits for wages:
California..................
270
Colorado...................
346
Georgia.....................
487,488
Idaho........................
522
Illinois......................
538,553
Iowa..........................
738
Kansas.....................
773
Louisiana...... ..........
844
Massachusetts...........
967,968
Michigan...................
1051
1095
Minnesota.................
1153
Mississippi................
1159
Missouri....................
1236
Montana...................
Nebraska.................. 1317,1318
1/422
New Jersey...............
New York................. 1559,1560
North Carolina. ____
1563
1590
North Dakota...........
Ohio.......................... 1687-1689
1708
Oklahoma................. 1
186
138
186
209
186
i.86
186
254
• --
297
305
193
C U M U L A T IV E IN D EX OF LABOR L A W S .
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Suits for wages—Concld.
Oregon...................... 1762,1767
Pennsylvania........... 1821-1824
1828
South Dakota...........
2015
Texas........................ 2076,2077
Utah..........................
2 11 0
Vermont...................
Virginia.....................
2156
Washington..............
2179
Wisconsin.................
2305
Wyoming.................. 2345,2346
(See also Payment of
wages; Protection
of wages; Wages as
preferred claims.)
Sunday labor;
Alabama...................
159,160
Alaska......................
187
Arizona.....................
Arkansas...................
232
Colorado...................
327
402
Connecticut...............
403,414
422,424
Delaware..................
431,433
Florida.....................
470
Georgia.....................
490,491
Hawaii......................
499
Idaho......................
523
Illinois......................
539,540
Indiana.....................
664
Iowa......................
744
Kansas.....................
767
Kentucky ........
814
Louisiana.............
841
Maine...........
876
Maryland.......
920
Massachusetts...........
943,944
960,962
Michigan..................
1046
Minnesota................ 1105,1106
Mississippi................
1146
Missouri..............
1166
Montana..................
1238
Nebraska................
1319
New Hampshire.......
1357
New Jersey............... 1404-1406
New Mexico.............
1434
New York............... 1551,1552
North Carolina ...
1563-1565
North Dakota
1590,1591
Ohio........................
1701
Oklahoma..... ........
1706
Oregon......................
1749
Pennsylvania...........
1818
Porto Rico................
1958
Rhode Island............
1987
South Carolina.......... 1996,2006
South Dakota...........
2016
Tennessee..................
2032
Texas........................ 2090,2091
Utah......................... 2123,2124
Vermont..............
2140
V irginia
2160,2161
Washington.............. 2181,2184
West Virginia..........
2230
"Wisconsin
2309.2310
Wyoming
2347
United States........... 2430,2435
(See also Weekly day
of rest.)
Surgical, etc.? appliances
to be furnished. (See
Accidents, provisions
for.)
Suspension of work, no
tice of:
. South Carolina..........
2008
70404°— 17------ 13
Bulletin.
No.
186
186
186
186
213
166
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
311
395
73
133
73
169,170
166
199
213
147
186
422
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Sweating system:
Connecticut...............
405
Illinois......................
547,548
Indiana.....................
647,648
917-919 166
Maryland..................
Massachusetts...........
982,983
Michigan................... 1068,1069
Missouri.................... 1181,1182
New Jersey............... 1391,1392
New York.................
1487 186
1516-1520
1553
Ohio.......................... 1650,1651
Pennsylvania........... 1839,1840 186
1847,1848
1927,1928
Tenressee..................
186
Wisconsin................. 2263-2266
Page.
101-104
259,260
339
377,378
T.
Taxes of employees, lia
bility of employers for.
(See Liability of em
ployers, etc.)
T e l e g r a p h operators,
hours of labor of. (See
Hours of labor of em
ployees on railroads.)
Telegraph operators, rail
road, age of employ
ment, etc., of:
Arizona.....................
Colorado...................
Georgia.....................
Nebraska..................
New York................
Wisconsin.................
Telegraph, etc., wires
c r o s s i n g railroads,
height of. (See Rail
road tracks, etc.)
Temporary laws, etc.,
summary of..................
Tenant factories:
New York................
Tenement manufactures.
(See Sweating system.)
Tenements, workrooms
in, fireproofing of:
California..................
Pennsylvania...........
Termination of employ
ment. (See Employ
ment of labor; Employ
ment, termination of,
notice of.)
Threats. (See Intimida
tion.)
Threshing machines,
gua r ds f or. ( See
Guards, etc.)
Time for meals or rest:
Arizona.....................
Arkansas...................
California..................
Delaware...................
Indiana.....................
Iowa.........................
Louisiana..................
Maine........................
Maryland..................
Massachusetts...........
Minnesota.................
New Hampshire.......
New Jersey...............
New York.................
212,213
343
479
1314
1550
2287
144-150
1513-1515
321
186
339
186
269 213
445
647
1S6
848,851,859 213
186
915 213
977
1120,1141
1370 186
1415,1416
1512,1533 166
186
Ohio.......................... 1649,1697 -
78
31
206
161
53
181
55
237
182
255
194
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Time for meals or rest—
Concluded.
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania...........
Wisconsin.................
Wyoming.................
Time to vote to be al
lowed employees:
Alabama...................
Alaska......................
Arizona.....................
Arkansas...................
California..................
Colorado...................
Illinois......................
Indiana.....................
Iowa.........................
Kansas......................
Kentucky.................
Maryland..................
Massachusetts...........
Minnesota.................
Missouri....................
Nebraska..................
Nevada.....................
New Mexico..............
New York.................
Ohio.........................
Oklahoma.................
South Dakota...........
Utah.........................
West Virginia...........
Wyoming.................
CSee also Protection
of employees as
voters.)
Tips, receiving or giving:
Arkansas...................
Illinois......................
Iowa.........................
Mississippi................
South Carolina.........
Toilet rooms, etc., for em
ployees:
Alabama...................
Alaska......................
California..................
Colorado.......
Connecticut, i
Delaware......
District of Columbia..
Florida......................
Illinois......................
Indiana.
Iowa__
Kansas..
Kentucky........
Louisiana. . ---Massachusetts..
Michigan.........
Minnesota..
Missouri__
Montana__
Nebraska. . .
New Jersey.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
No.
1752 213
Page.
118,119
122-127
Page.
Toilet rooms, etc., for em
ployees—Concluded.
New York...............
1929
186
436
North Carolina..
Ohio.................
165
Oklahoma........
186
206,207
246
262
328
541,582
634
719,720
768
809,815
897,898
971,1039
1095
1169
1280
1345
1441
1458
1694
1707
Oregon.............
Rhode Island..
South Carolina.
South Dakota..
Tennessee........
Texas__
Virginia..
Washington...
West Virginia.
Wisconsin......
2106
2229
2347
254
141,142
168
374
143,144
161
291
363,394
404,412
431
432,436
456
475
570,571
589,617
623,624
647,683
740,760
804,805
830,833
860,861
979,982
1053
1067,1088
1096
1179,1182
1211,1212
1247
1281,1298
1382
1390,1391
1408,1419
1579,1580
1649,1650
1669,1670
1717
1741-1743
63
67
88
0,31
126
159
169
170,175
141
207,208
159,160
Wyoming.................
Trade-marks of mechan
ics:
New Jersey...............
Wisconsin.................
Trade-marks of tradeunions, etc., list of laws
protecting....................
Trade-marks of tradeunions. (See also Pub
lic printing, union label
to be used on.)
Trade-unions. (See La
bor organizations.)
Trading, coercion of em
ployees in. {See Coer
cion.)
Transportation of em
ployees:
California..................
Massachusetts...........
Trench construction,
safety orders:
California..................
Truck system. (See Com
pany stores.)
Tunnels. (See Com
pressed air, work in;
Mines, etc.)
No.
Page.
178,179
184,185
269-271
278-283
112,113
318
121
Pennsylvania..
2010,2011
1152,1153
1510-1512
1515,1526
1535
Bulletin.
1803,1827
1865,1866
1898,1930
1934,1935
1971
1973,1977
1994,2002
2026
2036
2037,2059
2164
2186,2217
2239
2261
2265,2266
2322-2325
2350,2351
354-358
210,211
145,149
432,433
1377
2307
81-83
39,40
U.
Unemployment, commis
sion on, resolution as to.
Unemployment insur
ance. (See Insurance,
unemployment.)
Unemployment, provi
sions for:
Idaho........................
New Jersey...............
149
135-137
240,241
195
C U M U L A T IV E IN D E X OP LABOR L A W S .
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin
-Bulletin
No. 148. |
Bulletin.
1
Page.
Uniforms, influencing rail
road employees not to
wear. (See Railroad
employees, uniforms of.)
Union label. (See Pub
lic printing, union label
to be used on; Trade
marks of trade-unions.)
Union newspapers, pub
lic advertising in:
New Jersey...............
No.
Wages as pr e f e r r e d
claims—Concluded.
California.................
Colorado....................
Connecticut...............
Delaware...................
Georgia......................
Idaho........................
Illinois........
1402
Indiana.....................
V.
Iowa..........................
Kansas......................
Vaccination of employees:
Connecticut..............
407
Maine........................
867
Virginia....................
2155
Ventilation of factories.
(See Factories and
workrooms.)
Ventilation of mines.
(See Mine regulations.)
Vessels, inspection of.
(See Inspection, etc.)
Vessels, loading, etc.:
California..................
272,273
Vessels of American con
struction for ocean mail
service:
United States............
2364
Violation of contract.
(See Employment of
labor.)
Vocational training:
Arkansas..............
186
Indiana.
702,703
Kentucky.................
166
New Jersey...............
1432 213
New York................. 1454-1458
Pennsylvania............ 1918-1920
Wisconsin..............
186
Volunteer servants. (See
Employment of labor. )
Voters, protection of em
ployees as. (See Protec
tion of employees, etc.
Voting by railroad em
ployees, etc. (Bee Rail- ,
road employees, etc.,
voting by.)
Voting, time for. (See
Time to vote.)
Louisiana..................
Maine........................
Maryland..................
Massachusetts...........
Michigan...................
Minnesota.................
Missouri....................
Montana...................
Nebraska...................
Nevada.....................
New Hampshire.......
New Jersey...............
83
36
85,86
Wage brokers:
Colorado....................
350,351
Delaware..............
434
Illinois.......................
621,622
Indiana..................... ! 676,677
Louisiana..................
862
Michigan...................
Minnesota................. 1133,1134
Mississippi................
Montana................... 1246,1247
Nebraska................. 1287-1290
New Jersey............
1374-1376
New York...........
1458-1461
Ohio.....................
1672,1673
Texas........................
(See also Assignments
of wages.)
Wages as preferred claims:
■Alabama...................
151
Alaska.......................
186,187
Arizona.....................
207,208
Arkansas................... 1 231,233
New Mexico..............
New York..
North Carolina..........
North Dakota...........
Ohio................
Oregon................
Pennsylvania............
423
Philippine Islands...
Rhode Island............
South Dakota.......
Texas................
Utah........................
Vermont...
W ashington..............
Wisconsin.................
Wyoming..................
W.
Page.
Page.
!
2i3*
186
5i, 52
191-193
166
145
i.8 6 * ’ *2 ^ 2 2 2
166 153-155
166 187-190
186 301-304
188 386-388
1
United States...........
Wages, assignment of,
(See Assignment of
wages.)
Wages, attachment of.
(See Attachment of
wages.)
Wages, combinations to
fix:
Louisiana..................
Wages, deducting from,
for benefit societies.
(See Forced contribu
tions. )
Wages, discounting. (See
Payment of wages,
modes and times of.)
Wages due deceased em
ployees. (See Payment
of wages due. ete.)
Wages due from con
tractors. (See Liability
of stockholders; Protec
tion of wages.)
270,271
323
324.348
397
427
428,433
482
522
535,538
540,541
631,632
638,639
738,739
769
772,773
848
874
898,899
947,948
1050,1052
1104
1155
1159,1160
1235-1237
1279
1321,1322
1336-1338
1356
1373,1374
1376,1396
1397,1403
1440
1454,1478
1563
1590
1687,1688
1747,1748
1766-1768
1786
1822-1824
1829
1949
1986
2015
2076,2077
2105,2109
2110,2123
2136,2144
2180
2267,2268
2304,2305
2330
2331,2346
2406, 2407
850,851
No.
Page.
186
108
166
182
186
311
186
395
196
B U L L E T IN
OF T H E B U R E A U O F LABOR STA TISTICS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Wages due from munici
palities:
Massachusetts...........
Missouri....................
Wages due from prede
cessors, liability of rail
road companies for:
W isconsin.................
Wages, exemption of.
(See Exemption of
wages.)
Wages, garnishment of.
(See Garnishment of
wages.)
Wages, liability of stock
holders oi corporations
for, list of laws deter
mining..........................
Wages of employees on
public works, retention
of:
Wages, payment ot. (See
Payment of wages.)
Wages, preterence of.
(See Wages as preferred
claims.)
W ages, protection of.
(See Protection of
wage.)
Wages, rates of. (See
Plates of wages.)
Wages, recovery of. (See
Suits for wages.)
Wages, reduction of, no
tice of:
Missouri....................
Texas........................
Wages, refusing to pay:
California..................
Connecticut..............
Indiana.....................
Minnesota.................
Montana...................
Washington........... 1 .
(See also Suits for
wages.)
Wages, security for. (See
Mechanics’ liens; Pro
tection of wages; Wages
as preferred claims.)
Wages, suits for. (See
Suits for wrages.)
Wages withheld as se
curity:
Louisiana..................
W a g e s , withholding.
(See Extortion; Forced
contributions; Wages,
refusal to pay.)
Waiver of right to dam
ages. (See Contracts of
employees waiving
right to damages.)
Wash rooms, waterclosets, etc. (See
Toilet rooms.)
Water for drinking, etc.:
No.
Page.
Page.
Bulletin.
No.
Weekly day of rest:
California..................
276,277
429
Connecticut..
Maryland ............... ... ____ 1213
Massachusetts...........
972,973 213
967,968
1163
Page.
61
76,77
1 0 2 1 ,1 0 2 2
2289
274,275
1161
2086
275
407
639
1107 186
1242
2182
New York.................
1478 166
186
Oregon......................
213
Pennsylvania............
Texas........................
United States...........
(See also Days of rest.)
Widows, employment of
children of. (See Chil
dren of widows.)
Wife’s earnings. . (See
Earnings of married
women.)
Window cleaning, safety
orders:
California...................
Wiping cloths or rags:
California..................
Massachusetts...........
Women and children.
(See Chi l dren an d
women.)
Women, childbearing,
employment of:
Connecticut...............
Massachusetts...........
New York.................
Vermont...................
Women, employment of,
general provisions:
PollfAT’Tll'Q
79
201
852
186
213
740
960,979 186
MiccahH
186
166
New Jersey...............
1510 166
New York.................
1670 186
Ohio..........................
Pennsylvania............ 1930,1935 186
Iowa
Bulletin
No. 148.
Bulletin.
90
Q
oi1
185
207
160
178
269,282
355
2436
186
186
185
254
258,259
118,119
122-127
329,330
392
213
37
300,301
1019
424
1000
1513
2145
261 ,
431-433
166'
*29,~30
186 171-175
833,834
94
848,849 166
125
1018 166
Massachusetts...........
186
183
Nebraska................... 1291,1292
Ohio.......................... 1648,1649
2i3 ’ 117-127
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania............ 1928-1933 186
329
330,359
W ashington..............
186 397,398
Women, employment of,
in barrooms, etc.:
Alaska.......................
187
211
Arizona.....................
415
Connecticut...............
186
Delaware...................
129
724
Iowa..........................
841 213
54
Louisiana..................
Maryland ................
920
Michigan................... 1042,1070
Missouri....................
1165
New Hampshire.......
1360
New York.................
1540
Rhode Island............
1977
2092
Texas........................
Utah......................... 2129,2131
Vermont...................
2139
Virginia.....................
166
2 10
Washington..............
2187
Women, employment ot,
in canneries:
California..................
213
29-32
New York.................
1561
A-f1 Pnl
11T
TIV\lQ •
L'lbtfiCt U
vUluluUldt.
Kansas
XTontiiplrv
197
CUMULATIVE INDEX OF LABOR LAWS.
Bulletin
No. 148.
Page.
Bulletin,
No.
Page.
i
Bulletin
No. 148.
I
Page.
Women, employment of,
in dangerous, etc., oc
cupations:
861
Louisiana..................
Minnesota.................
1130
Missouri....................
1179
New York.................
1513 186 287,288
Ohio..........................
1653
Pennsylvania............
186
359
West Virginia...........
2238
Wisconsin................. 2268-2271
Women, employment of,
in mines:
Arizona.....................
201
Wisconsin.................
2271
(See also Children
and women.)
Women, employment of,
in
moving
heavy
weights:
?13
32
California..................
Massachusetts........... 1 0 1 1 ,1 0 1 2 186
183
1018
114
213
Ohio..........................
Women, employment of,
(See also Children and
women; Seats for fe
male employees; Sex
no disqualification for
employment.)
Women, hiring out to
support husbands in
idleness:
850
Louisiana..................
1566
North Carolina..........
Women, hours of labor
°f:
205,206
Arizona.....................
186
78-80
Arkansas...................
295 213
30
California..................
395
Colorado...................
417,418
Connecticut..............
439,440
Delaware..................
166
District of Columbia
29,30
483
Georgia.....................
534
Idaho........................
Illinois......................
574
186 171-175
Kansas......................
Kentucky..................
833
859 2i3 ..........53
Louisiana..................
869 186 181,182
Maine........................
905 213
55
Maryland..................
906,915
183
971 186
Massachusetts...........
75
. 972,1000 213
196
Michigan................... 1041,1063 186
1119
Minnesota.................
1120,1141
166
Mississippi................
149
Missouri.................... 1175,1176
Montana...................
1277
1292 186
Nebraska..................
217
New Hampshire.......
1355 186 237,238
1370,1371
New Jersey...............
1422
O
Women, hours of labor
of—Concluded.
New York................. 1494,1495
1533,1561
1593
North Dakota...........
Ohio........................
1649
Oklahoma.................
Oregon......................
1755
Pennsvlvania...........
Porto Rico................
Rhode Island............
South Carolina..........
South Dakota...........
Tennessee..................
1827,1929
1961
1984,1985
2001,2003
2025
2057,2058
2062,2063
2103,2104
2130,2131
2145
2157,2158
2216
2268,2269
Texas........................
Utah..........................
V ermont..................
Virginia.....................
Washington.............
Wisconsin.................
Wyoming..................
Women, married, earn
ings of. (See Earnings
of married women. )
Women, nightwork by:
Arkansas_
Connecticut..............
418
District of Columbia
Indiana.....................
645
Maryland..................
Massachusetts... .
972
Nebraska..................
1292
New Hampshire.......
1370
New York................. 1513,1533
Bulletin.
No.
166
186
Page.
182
258
i 8 6 * **367*308
186
311
213
117
119,120
122-127
186
166
367
203
186
379
380,383
389,390
186
166* ........ 2 io
186 397,398
186
436
186
78
166
29
213
55
186
186
166
186
217
237
182
258
Pennsvlvania...........
1929
1961
Porto Rico................
2003 166
South Carolina..........
Wisconsin.................
2269
Women, wages of:
Massachusetts........... 986,1012
Michigan...................
1041
(See also Children
and women; Mini
mum wages.)
Women’s exchanges, in
corporation of:
633
Indiana...................
Woodworking,
safety
orders:
California..................
213
Workingmen’s homes,
commission on:
Massachusetts........... 1009,1019
Workingmen’s trains.
(See Transportation of
employees.)
Workmen’s compensa
tion, commissions on__
149,150
Workrooms. (See Fac
tories and workrooms.)
203
37,38
@FedFRASER