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«4.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
FRANCES PERKINS, Secretary
CHILDREN’S BUREAU
K ATH AR IN E F. LENROOT. Chief
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS AND
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS
1933
BASED ON INFORMATION SUPPLIED BY 284 JUVENILE
COURTS AND BY THE UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Bureau Publication No. 232
♦
U NITED STATES
G OVERNM ENT PR IN TIN G OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1936
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CONTENTS
Source of information____________________________________
Part I— Juvenile-court statistics, 1933______________ ~~~__ ZZZZZ
Development of statistical reporting______________ ___________ - I I I I I I I I
The cooperating courts_____________________________
State-wide reporting________________________________
Reports from individual courts__________________ CCZH11 I H I 111
Trends in juvenile delinquency rates_____________________________
Delinquency rates for boys and for girls__________ I I __________I__
Delinquency rates for white and for Negro children______ I _ _ I I I
Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction
Sum m ary__________________________________________
Trends in delinquency cases__________________________________
Delinquency cases and number of children________________________
Number of cases disposed o f_______________________________
Ages of boys and girls______________________________ I I I . I . I I I ___ I
Hom e conditions____________________________________
Reasons for reference to court_____________________ I I ___ I I ___
Place of detention care__________________________________
Disposition of cases___________________
Trends in dependency and neglect cases__________________ II _
I
Summary tables— juvenile-court statistics, 1933______ _ . _ _ I _ I _ _ I ~
Delinquency cases_____________________________________
Dependency and neglect cases________________________I . I . I . I "
Special-proceedings cases____________________________________ I I _ I _
Cases of children discharged from supervision_________________
Source tables— juvenile-court statistics, 1933_____________ I I _ _ I I _ I
Delinquency, dependency and neglect, and” special-proceedings
cases, and cases of children discharged from supervision
Delinquency cases______________________________________ \
Dependency and neglect cases____ ________________ I I I _ I I _ I _ _ I _ I
Cases of children discharged from supervision______________
Part II— Federal juvenile offenders, 1933_________________________ I _ _ I I
Source of information_____________________________
Cases reported in 1933 and last 6 months of 1932_ _ I I _ I
Number of cases____________________________________
Geographic distribution_______________________ I ___ I ______ ~
Sex, race, and age of offenders___________________________________
Place of arrest— home State or contiguous State___ _ _ I _ _ _I_
Offense charged or reason for arrest________________________________
Period between arrest and disposition___________________
__ H _
Release pending trial and amount of bail_______________ I I _______
Place and length of detention pending trial______________
Disposition of cases___________ _____________________
Place and term of commitment______________________
Transfer from Federal to State a u th o ritie s." __ I _
_I
Summary tables— Federal juvenile offenders, 1933_____________ I . I . .
Source tables— Federal juvenile offenders, 1933_________________ I I I
in
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States reporting, area includes 80 but'
less than 100 percent of population of Stats'
■ Courts reporting individually that serve areas
with 100,000 or more population
© Courts reporting individuality that serve areas
with less than 100,000 population
TEX.
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Geographic distribution of juvenile courts cooperating with the Children's Bureau individually and under a State-wide system in 1933
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«
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS AND FEDERAL
JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 19331
SOURCE OF INFORMATION
This report for the calendar year 1933 includes the seventh annual
report on juvenile-court statistics and the second reportla on Federal
juvenile offenders. Part I, Juvenile-Court Statistics, is based on
juvenile-court reports supplied by individual courts and by State
departments dealing with juvenile-court and probation work that
cooperate with the Children’s Bureau by supplying information on
juvenile delinquency, dependency and neglect, and children’s cases
of other types dealt with by juvenile courts.
Part II, Federal Juvenile Offenders, presents information on juve
niles who violate Federal laws and come to the attention of Federal
authorities. Statistics of Federal juvenile offenders have been com
piled from records on file in the Bureau of Prisons of the United States
Department of Justice. The tabulation and analysis of these data
constitute one aspect of the cooperation that has been developed in
making effective the policy enunciated by the Attorney General and
authorized by act of Congress approved June 11, 1932,2 which made
possible the transfer of jurisdiction over juveniles from Federal to
State authorities whenever investigation by the Department of Jus
tice indicated that such transfer would be to the best interest of the
United States and the juvenile offender.
. . 1 M ate«?1C0I?Piled under the general supervision of Dr. Elizabeth C. Tandy, Director of the Statis
tical Division of the Children s Bureau, who has also written the report.
•
? rsi reP°?i °n Federal Juvenile Offenders covered the period from July 1 to Dee. 31, 1932, and was
included in Juvenile-Court Statistics and Federal Juvenile Offenders, 1932 (U. S. Children’s Bureau Pub
lication No. 226, Washington, 1935).
* The law provides that United States attorneys may forego prosecution and surrender any person under
21 years of age arrested for a Federal oflense, after investigation by the Department of Justice, if “ it shall
appear that such person has^committed a criminal offense or is a delinquent under the laws of any State
that can and will assume j urisdiction over such j uvenile and will take him into custody and deal with him
according to the laws of such State, and that it will be to the best interest of the United States and of the
juvenile offender to surrender the offender to the authorities of such State.” (47 Stat. 301: Supp. V I to
U. S. Code, title 18, sec. 662a.)
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Part I—JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1933
D E V E L O P M E N T OF STA TISTIC A L R E P O R T IN G
The Cooperating Courts.
The report on juvenile-court statistics for 1933 includes reports
from the juvenile courts of 4 entire States— Connecticut, Massachu
setts, Rhode Island, and Utah— from areas of New Jersey and New
York comprising 84 and 91 percent, respectively, of the population ol
those States, from 44 courts in 20 other States, and from the District
of Columbia. In all, reports from 284 courts are included. Eighty
of the courts serve areas of 100,000 or more population and 204 serve
less populous districts. The area served by the^ courts for which
reports are received includes roughly 38,000,000 inhabitants, or 30
percent of the population of the United States.
#
The geographic distribution of the courts included m the 1933
report is shown in the accompanying map (p. iv). Most of the
courts are in States east of the Mississippi River but the States imme
diately west of the Mississippi are represented by six courts, and
courts in all States on the western coast are included. The courts m
Denver and the entire State of Utah give representation to the
Mountain Division.
. .
c.
The information for 1933 is drawn from the records of 107,764 cases
of juveniles dealt with by these 284 courts. These cases include
68,039 delinquency cases, 21,605 dependency and neglect cases, and
1 192 cases of special proceedings.3 The statistics presented also
include 16,928 cases of children discharged from probation or super
vision during the year.
i
^
, ,
These records of cases of juveniles are reported to the Children s
Bureau under two systems— directly by individual courts and under
a State-wide system. Courts cooperating individually send to the
Bureau a card for each case disposed of by the court during the year.
These cards are tabulated in the Bureau, and tables showing all the
essential facts for the cases are returned to the court. Under the
State-wide system the courts furnish the State welfare department or
other State agency in charge of juvenile-court work or probation
service with information regarding their cases, and the State office
consolidates the material and supplies the Children's Bureau with an
annual report for each, court in tlio State. IViuch. more detailed, information regarding cases is obtainable under the system of reporting by
individual courts than under the State-wide plan.
_
For each of the 7 years during which the plan for promotmg and
assembling uniform statistics has been in operation, the number of
courts reporting, the number of States represented, and the popula
tion included in the reporting areas are shown in tables A, B, and C.
The number of cases of the various types reported by the courts each
year appear in table D .
3
Special-proceedings cases include those involving provision for the care of feeble-minded children,
children dealt with as material witnesses, adoption proceedings, proceedings concerning the custody or
guardianship of children, and certain other types. (See table 28, p. 42.)
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3
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e A .— Number of courts reporting under State-wide system, number reporting
individually, and number of States represented; courts that served areas with
100,000 or more population and areas with less than 100,000 population; 1 1927-83
Courts reporting
States represented3
Under State-wide system
Year
Total
Serving
areas
with
100,000
or more
popula
tion
Serving
areas
with
less than
100,000
popula
tion
7
7
8
97
4 218
« 239
1
1
1
4
35
48
6
6
7
93
183
191
Total
1927_____
1928_____
1929_____
1930_____
1931_____
1932_____
1933_____
M3
65
96
92
169
267
284
Individually
Total
Serving
areas
. with
100,000
or more
popula
tion
Serving
areas
with
less than
100,000
popula
tion
Total
Under
State
wide
system
3 43
68
89
84
72
49
45
27
31
33
36
39
33
32
16
27
56
48
33
16
13
16
17
21
24
24
25
27
1
1
1
2
44
56
Indi
vidu
ally 3
16
16
20
23
22
21
21
1 According to the 1930 census.
* Includes the District of Columbia.
3 Includes the District of Columbia which was not included in the 1927 report because the cards were not
received until after the tabulations for that report were completed.
4 Includes New York State courts serving 90 percent of the total population of that State.
1 Includes New Jersey State courts and New York State courts serving 84 percent and 91 percent, respec
tively, of the total population of these States.
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T a b l e B .— Number o f courts reporting that served areas with 100,000 or more population and areas with less than 100,000 population 1 in
^
specified States; 1927-33
Courts reportingi
State
Indiana____________________________
Iowa______________________________
Louisiana--------------------------------------Maryland_________________________
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
43
65
96
36
1
92
27
1
169
16
2
267
4
2
27
32
34
1
1
37
1
1
43
1
2
68
1
2
33
62
35
55
26
126
15
199
3
204
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
86
96
93
1
7
1
1
1
5
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
11
1
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
3
3
2
2
2
2
56
1
54
1
2
10
1
2
9
1
4
2
11
1
2
*38
1
310
*40
1
2
5
2
7
2
6
2
7
2
14
10
14
8
1
5
8
1
6
5
4
1
3
4
1
3
4
1
4
4
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
4
12
1
3
5
2
12
1
1
9
1
4
3
1
2
6
1
2
3
1
2
1
19
2
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
1
17
2
2
8
1
3
99
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
73
3
2
2
1
10
89
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
80
1
2
1
3
' 1
1
1
16
2
1
284
2
2
1
96
1
1
1
2
3
2
2
1
73
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
4
1
1
7
7
8
4
8
3
8
3
8
3
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
i
1
1
2
i
1
1
2
i
1
1
1
2
New Jersey—.........................................
New York— ................- .......................
2
10
2
3
1
2
13
2
Ohio______________________ ________
Oregon------------ -----------------------------Pennsylvania....... —------ -----------------Rhode Island________________ _____ South Carolina.......... ........... ..............
3
9
4
TTt.fth
_ ......................
Virginia_____________ __________ —
Washington________________________
1
Minnesota..............................................
i
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
1 According to the 1930 census.
! Bold-face italic figures are used for courts reporting under a State-wide system.
8 Courts serving 84 percent of the total population of the State.
•
4 Courts serving 90 percent in 1932 and 91 percent in 1933 of the total population of the State.
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Serving areas with less than 100,000 popula
tion
1
9
1
4
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
5
2
1
1933
4
1
2
5
4
1
34
1
26
1
4
5
1
1
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
2
6
1
7
7
7
2
7
2
i
i
1
7
2
....
3
11
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1933
Alabama..............................- ................
California— ------- --------------------------Colorado___________________________
Connecticut________________________
District of Columbia.........- ..................
Florida......... .......................... .............
Georgia------------------------------------------
Serving areas with 100,000 or more popula
tion
Total
5
JU V ENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e C .— Population 1 o f the United States and o f areas served hy courts that
reported under a State-wide system and those that reported individually; classified
according to areas with 100,000 or more population and areas with less than
100,000 population;2 1927-38
Population of areas served by courts reporting1
Year
1927.
1928.
1929.
1930.
1931.
1932.
1933.
Population
of the
United
States 1
Total
118,196,785
119,861,607
121,526,429
123.191.000
124.070.000
124.822.000
125.693.000
17,439,000
20,685,200
22, 275,900
24,987,600
27,800,100
34,350, 300
37,992, 500
Percent
of popula
tion of
United
States
14.8
17.3
18.3
20.2
22.4
27.5
30.2
Under State-wide
system
Individually
With less
With
With less
With
than
100,000 or
than
100,000 or
100,000
more popu 100,000
more popu popula
lation
population
lation
tion
206,600
210,300
214,400
694, 200
13,607, 000
17,436,300
291.300
293.300
294,600
1,442,900
4,409,300
4,950,400
16,737,000
19,025,100
19,591, 600
22,528, 500
24,059,900
15,341, 900
14,757, 700
702,000
1,162,200
2,180,700
1.950.100
1.603.100
992.100
848.100
1 Estimated as of July 1.
8 According to the 1930 census.
T a b l e D .— Number o f cases of each specified type reported by courts cooperating
each year; 1927-38
Cases reported
Year
Number of
courts
reporting
1927__________________
1928__________________
1929__________________
1930__________________
1931__________________
1932................. _.............
1933.........- ......... - ........
43
65
96
92
169
267
284
Total
49,562
65,600
75,610
82; 963
100,669
108, 417
107,764
Delinquency Dependency
and neglect
30,363
38,882
46,312
53', 757
59,880
65, 274
68,039
12,552
16, 289
18,805
20,711
22,317
23, 235
21,605
Children
discharged
from super
vision
6,647
10,429
10, 493
8 7,562
17,356
18,737
16,928
Special
proceed
ings 1
933
1,116
1,171
1,192
i Special-proceedings cases were not reported prior to 1930. They include cases of petitions for com
mitment of feeble-minded children, adoption cases, controversies regarding custody of a child, children held
as material witnesses, and certain other types.
8 Exclusive of New York City, for which a complete report was not available.
State-W ide Reporting.
The early plan for the collection of juvenile-court statistics on a
Nation-wide scale was based on reports from individual courts. Many
of the States had provision by statute for reports from the courts to
a State welfare department or other State agency concerned with
juvenile-court or probation work. In the first years of the activity
many State departments undertook to stimulate the interest of judges
and probation officers in the plan for Nation-wide statistics and to
urge the direct cooperation of the individual courts with the Children’s
Bureau. The inclusion in the first year (1927) of the District of
Columbia and 42 courts situated in 15 States and serving areas com
prising 15 percent o f the population of the United States is direct
evidence of immediate enthusiasm and interest on the part of both
the State departments and the courts.
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6
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
All the reports for 1927 were received through direct cooperation
with individual courts. Through the interest of the Juvenile Court
Commission the entire State of Utah was included as early as 1928,
the commission sending in a card for each case dealt with by the
courts. Connecticut in 1931 was the first State to report on summary
forms through a State agency to the Children’s Bureau. Massachu
setts and New York 4 began reporting under the State-wide plan in
1932, and New Jersey and Rhode Island were added in 1933.
Reports From Individual Courts.
In the early years of the activity individual courts were admitted
to the reporting area without regard to the size of the community
served. As the program developed, however, the expense of direct
Federal contact with small courts handling only a few children’s
cases during the year came to be disproportionately great, and the
policy was adopted of gradually limiting direct reports to the Chil
dren’s Bureau to courts serving areas of 100,000 or more population.
Only a few courts serving areas with less than 100,000 population in
States other than those reporting on a State-wide basis are still
included under the individual plan. These are courts which are
expected to be included under State-wide reporting at an early date
or in which other special circumstances exist. Practically all the
new courts admitted on the individual basis in recent years have been
courts that serve areas with 100,000 or more population and that are
not in States reporting on a State-wide basis. _
On account of the desirability of detailed information obtainable
only through cooperation with individual courts and the necessity of
having records over a period of years for the study of trends in juvenile
delinquency, much effort has been directed toward the continuance
of the cooperative relationship with all courts serving areas with
100,000 or more population that began reporting in the early years.
Changing conditions within the courts have often made this difficult,
but reports are available for 18 courts for the entire period, 1927-33,
for 25 courts for 1928-33, and for 30 courts for 1929-33. This
continuation of direct cooperation is evidence not only of the desire
of the courts to maintain the Federal relationship but also of the
realization by the communities of the necessity for a statistical basis
for planning and carrying on activities for the protection of children.
T R E N D S IN JUVENILE D E L IN Q U E N C Y RATES
These rates áre essentially a direct expression of the amount of
delinquency dealt with by the courts that was brought to their
attention by individuals and organizations concerned with the
welfare and protection of both the children and the community.
The rates of the courts are determined not only by the amount of
delinquency in the respective communities served, but also by the
policies of the police department and other agencies in referring cases
to the courts, the intake procedure of the courts— particularly the
extent to which they undertake to deal with minor cases— the relation
ship of the courts to other agencies in the community, and the extent
to which the community provides services for children which tend to
reduce the necessity for court action. The number of boys and of
girls dealt with in delinquency cases per 10,000 children of the same
« Exclusive of New York City which sends cards for individual cases directly to the Children’s Bureau.
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7
JU V ENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
sex and of juvenile-court age is shown by groups of courts in table E
and by individual courts in table F for the years during which the
courts have sent reports to the Children’s Bureau.
Delinquency Rates for Boys and for Girls.
In 1933 the trend of juvenile delinquency rates for both boys and
girls in courts serving areas with 100,000 or more population con
tinued downward. These decreases continued a tendency definitely
established by 1931. Decreases in the rates from 1932 to 1933 ap
peared for both sexes in the 18 courts reporting throughout the period
1927-33, the 25 courts reporting for 1928-33, the 30 courts reporting
for 1929 33, and the 35 courts reporting for 1930—33. In the groups
of courts for which figures are available prior to 1929 the rates had an
upward tendency in the early years, the maximum being attained
m either 1929 or 1930. The percentage decreases in the 1933 rates
from the maximum rates of 1929 or 1930 vary in the groups of courts
from 11 to 15 percent for boys and from 27 to 32 percent for girls.
Juvenile delinquency rates per 10,000 boys and girls o f juvenile-court
age dealt with by courts that served areas with 100,000 or more population 1 and
that reported throughout specified periods
T able E.
Juvenile delinquency rates
Year
18 courts reporting
1927-33
Boys
1927_________
1928___________
1929__________
1930____________
1931____________
1932__________
1933..................
162
174
183
184
172
162
166
Girls 2
31
33
34
34
30
25
24
26 courts reporting
1928-33
Beys
164
172
170
159
149
146
Girls 8
32
34
33
29
25
24
30 courts reporting
1929-33
Boys
177
177
166
154
151
Girls
35 courts reporting
1930-33
Boys
38
37
32
28
26
186
180
169
165
Girls
37
33
29
27
1 According to the 1930 census.
2 Only 17 courts reported girls’ cases.
8 Only 24 courts reported girls’ cases.
Although some variation appears, the trend in the rates of the indi
vidual courts from year to year (table F) is, in general, the same as
that m the groups of courts for which the rates have been discussed.
Ihe rates of many of the individual courts show an upward trend
prior to 1929 or 1930 and a downward tendency since that time. This
decrease continued in 1933, and as compared with 1932, is shown in
the rates for boys by 22 of the 41 courts cooperating in both years.
Sixteen courts, however, had higher rates in 1933 than in 1932 and
3 courts had identical figures for the 2 years. Statistical study of
the differences in the rates for boys in connection with the number of
boys of juvenile-court age in the areas shows that the rates for boys
in 4 courts were significantly higher in 1933 than in 1932; that the
rates of 26 courts maintained approximately the same level during
the 2 years; and that the rates of 11 courts were sufficiently lower to
indicate a real decrease in the amount of delinquency among boys
coming to court attention. The four courts that showed statistically
significant increases in the rates for boys were Lake County, Ind. •
Polk County, Iowa;M ercer County, N. J .; 6 and Multnomah County,’
Ureg. Those showing significant decreases for boys were San Diego
. 8,T *le Mercer County, N. J., court included dismissed cases in its 1933 reporl
included m the report for 1932 or other previous years.
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These had not been
8
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
County, Calif.; Bridgeport, Conn.; District of Columbia; Dade
County, Fla.; Fulton County, G a.; Kent County, Mich.; Hudson
County, N. J .; Erie and Rensselaer Counties, N. Y .; Hamilton and
Mahoning Counties, Ohio.
Comparison of the rates for girls in 1933 with those for 1932 shows
21 courts with numerical decreases, 6 with identical figures for the 2
years, and 14 With increases. Only two courts— Mobile County, Ala.,
and Syracuse, N. Y .— had significant increases in their rates for girls,
whereas significant decreases are found in the rates for seven courts:
Lake County, In d .; Kent and Wayne Counties, M ich.; Montgomery
County, Ohio; Berks County, Pa.; Pierce County, Wash.; and Mil
waukee County, Wis.
The delinquency rates for boys and for girls, as table F shows,
vary widely from community to community. In 1933 the rates for
boys varied from 507 per 10,000 boys in Norfolk, Va., to 29 in M ont
gomery County, Pa., the rate of Kent County, Mich., occupying the
middle position with a rate of 152. Rates for. girls varied similarly,
but within a narrower range, the maximum, 98, occurring in Denver,
Colo., and the minimum, 1 per 10,000 girls of juvenile-court age, in
Montgomery and Berks Counties, Pa. Hennepin County, Minn.,
occupied the midway position with a rate of 32.
T a b l e F .— Juvenile delinquency rates per 10,000 boys and girls o f juvenile-court
age dealt with by courts that served areas with 100,000 or more population 1 and
that cooperated in 1933 ; 1927-33
Juvenile delinquency rates
Boys
Area served by court
Girls
1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933
Alabama: Mobile County_______ ____
California:
San Diego County____________
San Francisco (city and county)__ 143
Colorado: Denver (city and county)___
Connecticut:
Bridgeport (city)_________ ____ _
293
Hartford (city)_________ _____ ___ 420
District of Columbia___________ ____ _ 427
Florida: Dade County_______________
Georgia: Fulton County................... .
Indiana:
Lake County.______ ____________ . 141
Marion County__________________ 181
Vanderburgh County____________
Iowa: Polk County_______ __________
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish___________________
Orleans Parish___________ _______
Maryland: Baltimore (city)..... .........
Michigan:
Kent County_____________ _____ _ 168
Wayne County____ _ _________
Minnesota:
Hennepin County__________ _____ 164
Ramsey County_________________
96
New Jersey:
Hudson County.......................... . .
206
Mercer County_____ _____ _____ 106
New York:
Erie County____________________ 139
86 111
35
22
14
7
21
484 501 454 392 352
74 75 79
216
103
82
95
24
73
22
75
22
98
143 123
95
13
258 270 276 265 306 216
387
430 409
448 417 409 417 414 363
337 311 237
361 308 301 262
50
65
72
60
49
79
133 57 100 82 49 70
150 186 146 113 168 165
42 72
59
327 325 252 202 217 271
67
82
52
76
(2)
52
47
50
79
63
64
73
58
47
41
49
75
52
41
42
50
75
49
41
54
38
43
70
185 181 (3) 173 183
170 143 155
309 347 352 348
37
86
52
87 100
(2)
155 183 176 181 152
152 138 121 114
57
56
22
44
20
56
30 09
19
32 33
46
17
34
20
34
39
29
22
32
17
33
i5
23
12
31
71
77
11
81
178 167 163 188 148 148
109 108 138 106 126 114
42
27
50
30
42
33
41
28
41
36
32 32
23 19
218 219 232 206 121 103
143 219 210 198 131 192
29
11
39
12
40
10
36
13
26
26
20
16
148 146 157 166 85 69 11 13 12 16
52 58 40 53
37
16 12 10
New York (city )... _____________
83 115 124 122 110 114 115 14 18 20 19
Rensselaer County.. ____________
177 209 162 115 72
48 43
Syracuse (c i t y ) ...'........ ........... ......
146 125 102
Westchester County........................ 203 164 154 100 69 59 66 35 30 27 19
1According to the 1930 census.
2Bate not computed because number of colored delinquent children was not reported.
3Kate not computed because the ages of the majority of boys and girls were not reported.
15
9
16
37
10
ii
8
7
14
18
4
12
15
30
10
10
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
19
15
9
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T able F. — Juvenile delinquency rates per 10,000 boys and girls o f juvenile-court
age dealt urith by courts that served areas with 100,000 or more population and
that cooperated in 19S3; 1927—33 — Continued
Juvenile delinquency rates
Girls
Boys
Area served by court
1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933
Ohio:
Franklin County_____________
Hamilton County.................. . ..
Mahoning C oun ty.....................
Montgomery County_________
Oregon: Multnomah County...........
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County......................
Berks County________________
Montgomery County.................
Philadelphia (city and county).
South Carolina: Greenville County.
Utah: Third district___________ ...
Virginia: Norfolk (city)....................
Washington:
Pierce County...........................
Spokane County....... .................
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County------
196 161 80 <89
230 201 244 248
438 477 489 496
127 182 132
221 283
<82
294
444
121
310
<66
304
497
107
218
<66 65
275
438 108
106
254
72 70 61 51 44 40
io 40
27 37
18 23 20 36 27 30 29
289 280 320 342 320 287 288
60 78 56 55 46 62
252 258 261 320 271 295
467 398 533 470 422 507 507
61
76
58
80 50 <49 <52
342 324 333 297
254 370 368 379
64 59 <58 <50 <42 <34
116 105 104 79 75
97 113 115 117 90 84
76 88 85 75 63 48
52 46 43 33 34
13 13
10
4
5
43 48
16 17
41 59
93 115 113
5
6
42
16
20
22
5
51
15
88
98
10
7
1
4
47 42
12
8
65 60
96 113
8
1
1
38
9
67.
89
17
57
68
25 <21
59 54
68 78
<9
52
63
11
8
« Based on official cases only, because unofficial cases were not reported in previous years.
Delinquency Rates for White and for Negro Children.
In courts that serve areas having a large number of Negroes the
racial constitution of the population of the area is of importance in
connection with the work of the court. The number of white and
Negro boys and girls dealt with in delinquency cases per 10,000 chil
dren of juvenile-court age and of the same race and sex is shown by
groups of courts in table G and by individual courts in table H for
the years of the period 1927-33 during which the courts have coop
erated with the Children’s Bureau. The courts included in these
tables are those serving areas of 100,000 or more total population and
10,000 or more Negro population. The tables show that the rates
for both Negro boys and Negro girls dealt with in delinquency cases
are in practically all instances markedly higher than those for white
children of the same sex.
T able G. — Juvenile delinquency rates per 10,000 white and Negro boys and girls
of juvenile-court age dealt with by courts that served areas with 100,000 or more
total population and 10,000 or more Negro population 1 and that reported through
out specified periods
Juvenile delinquency rates
14 courts reporting 1927-33
19 courts reporting 1929-33
22 courts reporting 1930-33
Year
Girls *
Boys
Girls
Boys
Girls
Boys
White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro
1927.
1928.
1929.
1930.
1931.
1932.
1933.
161
148
138
132
604
575
559
568
23
26
141
126
27
22
18
17
135
125
117
113
i According to the 1930 census.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
149
148
136
126
121
615
502
475
467
477
29
28
23
20
18
128
130
118
104
101
152
140
129
123
518
494
497
507
J Only 13 courts reported girls’ cases.
27
22
19
17
121
110
98
97
10
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e TL— Juvenile delinquency rates per 10,000 white and Negro hoys and girls
o f juvenile-court age dealt with by courts that served areas with 100,000 or more
total population and 10,000 or more Negro population 1 and that cooperated in
1988; 1987-88
Juvenile delinquency rates
Area served by court
White
Negro
1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933
Boys
Alabama: Mobile County_________
District of Columbia__________ ____
Florida: Dade County_____________
Georgia: Fulton County..... ..............
Indiana:
Lake County....... ........ ............
Marion County________________
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish_________________
Orleans Parish________________
Maryland: Baltimore (city)________
Michigan: Wayne County_________
New Jersey:
Hudson County_______________
Mercer County_______ _____ ___
New York:
Erie County............ ...................
New York (city)_______________
Westchester County_____ ____
Ohio:
Franklin County______________
Hamilton County___ __________
Mahoning County_______ _____
Montgomery C o u n ty .._______
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County_____________
Montgomery County_________ _
Philadelphia (city and county). .
South Carolina: Greenville County..
Virginia: Norfolk (city)_________ I ..
112 91 70 71 71
234 275 265 229 239 246 213 922
339 289 218
220 184 180 149
892
205
808
189 149 119
866 865 837
332 394
644 554 551
139 12f 54 97
154 11£ 13£ 114
256
421
115
601
160 172 115 74
420 347 519 617
(8)
125
154 m
328 251
672 689 834 962
392 414 384 353
197 211 211 225 198 116 100 698
97 134 193 183 184 115 169 270
627
306
658
690
632 635 366 263
694 441 403 568
137 147 142 153 160 80 65 194
79 108 116 113 102 108 107 170
196 153 144 94 67 55 62 404
299
342
486
468
377
456
406 559 342 284
384 342 282 335
273 147 181 186
77 45 72 189
87 128 113 422
277 240 206 (2)
112
244 285
139 122
163
102
264
106
193
103
234
100
197
737
313
496
154 133 55 <59 <67 *46 <45 589 435 332 <376 <225 <260 <252
179 172 200 204 238 244 212 776 • 509 695 686 834 878 854
411 443 459 463 415 474 415 935 1,105 1, on 1,006 888 884 822
105 155 117 106 97 95
464 601 362 343 255 257
65 64 56 44 38 34
14 23 19 30 25 24 26 136
245 238 269 295 269 234 231 761
52 75 48 44 37 48
345 284 394 331 327 377 332 "7Ì2
216 198
52
40
713 809
86
85
63Ó 817
148
193
788
81
756
184 159
100 157 106
788 760 782
623 787 888
Girls
Alabama: Mobile County_________
District of Columbia___________ . . .
Florida: Dade County.—......... ........
Georgia: Fulton County_____ _____
Indiana:
Lake County__________________
Marion County_______________
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish________ _________
Orleans Parish________________
Maryland: Baltimore (city)..............
Michigan: Wayne County........ ........
New Jersey:
Hudson County_______________
Mercer County___ ____________
New York:
Erie County__________________
New York (city)______________
Westchester County.....................
Ohio:
Franklin County______ ______ _
Hamilton County........................
Mahoning County_____ _____ _
Montgomery County__________
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County............. .........
Montgomery County..................
Philadelphia (city and county)—
South Carolina: Greenville County..
Virginia: Norfolk (city).................I . .
30
35
29
39
61
57
49
64
32
77
57
38
1
23
78
25
7
16 171
74
34
182
45
169
35
10
21
72
31
33 19 16
160 160 107 126
78 65
135 109 103 78
62
67
35
36
35
29
20 163
28 287
109
174
117
160
197 124 91 49
153 200 154 173
25 (2)
9
19 17
20 15
45
8
23
13
62
io
16
10
(3)
15
20
24
35
42
98 112
48 42
54
50
29
7
36
11
38
9
35
12
26
21
19
14
18
11
37
76
177
31
101
29
105
28
70
91
82
44
72
67
10
13
30
12
17
25
10
18
23
15
17
17
14
14
9
7
11
9
7 89
12 53
8 179
58
63
149
106
83
122
59
87
91
74
70
43
43
86
94
33
86
62
54
59 50 <46 <41 <29 <33 164
94 75 77 62 61
87 100 101 101 83 75 344
60 80 73 63 60 47
109
94
259
134 < 160 ‘ 128 ‘ 153 < 46
224
316 319 346 193 204
188 246 230 105 60
5
29
11
4
30
20
80
21
174
10
174
32 40
29 19
17
161 151 148 144
178| 185
142 128 "l69 168
64
11
3
34
15
72
8
4
39
15
73
7
3
34
9
78
9
i
29
10
83
—33
24 170
8
46 1Ì3
1 According to the 1930 census.
3 Rate not computed because the ages of the majority of children were not reported.
8 Rate not computed because number of Negro delinquent children was not reported.
« Based on official cases only, because unofficial cases were not reported in previous years.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
39
JUVENILE-COTJKT STATISTICS, 1933
11
In the 14 courts reporting throughout the period 1927-33 the
maximum rates for both white and Negro boys and white girls were
those for 1929 or 1930 (table G). For Negro girls the highest rate
was in 1927. From 1930 through 1933 the rates for white boys and
girls and the rates from 1929 for Negro girls show continuous de
creases. The rates for Negro boys similarly show a decline from
1929 through 1932, but the 1933 rate is higher than that of the
previous year.
In the group of 19 courts cooperating for 1929—33 and in the group
of 22 courts reporting for 1930-33, the maximum rates were likewise
those for 1929 or 1930, and from this time on through 1933 decreases
similarly appear each year in the rates for white boys and girls and
Negro girls. Among Negro boys in the group of 19 courts decreases
are shown from the year of the maximum, 1929, only through 1932.
In the 22 courts the 1931 rate for Negro boys was lower than the
maximum, 1930, but the 1932 rate was a few points higher than that
of the previous year. The 1933 rates for Negro boys exceeded the
1932 figures by 2 percent in each group of cooperating courts. This
increase in the rate for Negro boys in each group of courts is not of
sufficient magnitude to be statistically significant.
In 20 of the 24 individual courts reporting in both 1932 and 1933
no statistically significant differences appear in the rates for Negro
boys in the 2 years and only three courts— Mobile County, Ala.;
Baltimore, M d.; and New York City— show definitely increased rates
for 1933. Only one court, the District of Columbia, had a statistically
significant decrease in the rate. In contrast with this lack of signifi
cant change in the rates of most courts for Negro boys, eight courts
showed significant decreases in the rates for white boys:^ District of
Columbia; Dade County, Fla.; Fulton County, Ga.; Baltimore, M d.;
Hudson County, N. J.; Erie County, N. Y .; Hamilton and Mahoning
Counties, Ohio. Only two courts—Lake County, Ind., and Mercer
County, N . J.— show significant increases for white boys.
As table H shows, the rates for white and Negro boys and girls
varied widely from court to court. The maximum rate in 1933 for
white boys, 415, appears in Mahoning County, Ohio, and the mini
mum, 26, in Montgomery County, Pa. The maximum for Negro
boys, 962, was in Baltimore, Md., and the minimum, 74, in Lake
County, Ind. The rates for white girls varied from 75 in Mahoning
County, Ohio, to 6 in Allegheny County, Pa. Rates for Negro girls
varied from 204 in Mahoning County, Ohio, to 12 in Greenville
County, S. C.
Age Under Which Juvenile Court H as Original Jurisdiction.
As has been pointed out earlier, the character of the community
services available to children and the policies of the courts and other
agencies markedly affect the rates. In juvenile delinquency rates the
age of original juvenile-court jurisdiction is an important factor. The
age of original jurisdiction of a court is established by State law and
is, in most instances, uniform throughout a. State, although for a few
courts a different maximum age of jurisdiction has been set by special
provision at a higher or lower level than that of the State as a whole.
Among the 43 courts that serve areas with 100,000 or more population
and that reported individually in 1933, 21 have jurisdiction under
16 years,6 6 have jurisdiction under 17 years, 14 have jurisdiction
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
12
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
under 18 years, and 2 have jurisdiction over all persons under 21
years of age. Table I shows the juvenile delinquency rates for boys
and for girls of all ages and for those 7 to 15 years of age for all courts
with jurisdiction beyond the sixteenth birthday, and by race for
courts that serve areas with 10,000 or more Negroes in the total
population.
The rates in table I for children 7 to 15 years of age are comparable
with respect to age with the rates for courts having jurisdiction under
16 years 6 that appear in tables F and H. Wide variation is shown
in the rates for children 7 to 15 years of age appearing before courts
that have jurisdiction beyond the sixteenth birthday and also in the
total rates for courts that have original jurisdiction only up to the
sixteenth birthday. In the courts with jurisdiction after the sixteenth
birthday the juvenile delinquency rates both for boys and for girls
7 to 15 years old are invariably lower than the rates for boys and girls
of all ages within the court’s jurisdiction. In courts having 10,000
or more Negroes in the population the same situation appears among
white and Negro boys and girls.
T a b l e I .— Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction and juvenile
delinquency rates per 10,000 white and Negro boys and girls o f juvenile-court age
and o f 7 to 15 years o f age dealt with by courts that had jurisdiction beyond the
sixteenth birthday and that served areas with 100,000 or more population in 19SS 1
Juvenile delinquency rates
Area served by court
BOYS
California:
San Diego County______________
San Francisco (city and county)..
Colorado: Denver (city and county)..
District of Columbia_______________
Florida: Dade County_____________
Iowa: Polk County________________
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish__________________
Orleans Parish____ ____________
Michigan:
Kent County_____________ _____
Wayne County________________
Minnesota:
Hennepin County______________
Ramsey County............................
Ohio:
Franklin County >_____________
Hamilton County......................
Mahoning County_____________
Montgomery County___________
Oregon: Multnomah County_______
Utah: Third district............................
Virginia: Norfolk (city)_____ _______
Washington:
Pierce CountyJ________________
Spokane County............................
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County_____
Age
under
which
juvenile
court has
original
jurisdic
tion
Total
All
ages
7 to 15
years
of age
18
17
17
18
362
79
216
363
237
271
239
62
214
330
230
225
17
17
183
156
17
17
21
21
Negro1
W hite1
All
ages
7 to 15
years
of age
All
ages
7 to 15
years
of age
213
218
184
209
737
313
693
310
155
143
193
103
157
94
173
293
154
273
152
114
130
97
100
85
353
298
18
18
148
114
104
75
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
66
275
438
106
254
295
507
39
215
347
81
203
195
414
45
212
415
95
21
159
330
74
252
854
822
257
199
724
623
172
332
265
888
728
18
18
18
52
297
379
40
216
287
1 Population according to the 1930 census: rates for white and for Negro boys and girls are shown for
areas with more than 10,000 Negro population.
3 Based on official cases only.
8 Mobile County, Ala.; Bridgeport and Hartford, Conn.; Fulton County, Ga.; Lake, Marion, and
Vanderburgh Counties, Ind. (boys under 16, girls under 18) ; Baltimore, M d.; Hudson and Mercer Counties,
N. J.; Erie, Monroe, Rensselaer, and Westchester Counties, and New York and Syracuse, N. Y.; Allegheny,
Berks, and Montgomery Counties, and Philadelphia, Pa.; Greenville County, S. C.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
13
JU V EN ILE-CO U R T STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e I .— Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction and juvenile
delinquency rates per 10,000 white and Negro boys and girls o f juvenile-court age
and o f 7 to 15 years o f age dealt with by courts that had jurisdiction beyond the
sixteenth birthday and that served areas with 100,000 or more population in 1933—
Continued
Juvenile delinquency rates
Area served by court
Age
under
which
juvenile
court has
original
jurisdic
tion
All
ages
Negro
White
Total
7 to 15
years
of age
All
ages
7 to 15
years
of age
All
ages
7 to 15
years
of age
GIRLS
California:
San Diego County........ - ...............
San Francisco (city and county) ~
Colorado: Denver (city and county) ~
District of Columbia_______________
Florida: Dade County........................
Indiana:
Lake County..................................
Marion County.............................
Vanderburgh County. - ................
Iowa: Polk County...... ......................
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish__________________
Orleans Parish-------------------------Michigan:
Kent County...............................—
Wayne County..........................—
Minnesota:
Hennepin County......... .............. Ramsey County............... - ...........
Ohio:
Franklin County >.........................
Hamilton County..........................
Mahoning County-------------------Montgomery C ounty.......... ........
Oregon: Multnomah County..............
Utah: Third district------------ ----------Virginia: Norfolk (city)------------------Washington:
Pierce Countyi.............................
Spokane County------------- -------—
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County--------
21
21
75
22
18
17
17
98
50
75
18
18
18
18
22
17
17
56
16
80
44
16
74
12
67
126
80
113
71
20
17
21
49
173
40
153
56
18
36
17
45
60
20
54
16
62
10
53
8
58
43
56
36
17
17
23
12
16
10
10
8
50
45
18
18
32
19
19
13
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
34
75
84
48
34
67
89
25
47
61
35
26
37
59
33
61
75
47
24
35
53
34
46
189
204
60
35
144
176
43
46
22
18
18
18
9
52
63
38
39
44
20
68
28
128
8
1 Based on official cases only.
Summary.
Juvenile delinquency rates are a direct expression of the amount
of work done by the courts with children of juvenile-court age referred
to court on delinquency charges. They are not an expression of the
total amount of delinquency in the community because many agencies
work with children who present problems of delinquency, and the
number of children brought to the court depends on the work of
organizations assisting with the problems and the attitude of the
community toward both the organizations and the court. The_ rates
also depend unquestionably on the service the court gives to children
who are brought to its attention.
The delinquency rates vary within a wide range. Part of the
variation is due to composition of the community with respect to
race, part is due to the difference in maximum age of the children over
whom the court has original jurisdiction.
The decreases in delinquency rates for boys and girls in 1933 as
compared with 1932 are a continuation of a general downward trend
that has been apparent for the last few years. For each of the three
groups of courts that have cooperated with the Children’s Bureau for
periods of varying length, reductions appeared in the rates for white
51030°— 36------2
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
14
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
boys, for white girls, and for Negro girls in 1933 as compared with
1932, but for Negro boys an increase in the rate for all the groups of
courts was apparent. This increase, however, is not sufficient to be
statistically significant.
T R E N D S IN D E L IN Q U E N C Y CASES
Delinquency Cases and Number o f Children.
For the 30 courts serving areas of 100,000 or more population
which reported delinquency cases in each year of the period 1929-33,
the number of delinquency cases disposed of, the number of children
dealt with in^ these cases, and the number of children dealt with in
each 100 delinquency cases are shown by sex in table J. There
was little variation in the number of boys and girls per 100 cases
during the years under review. The number of boys per 100 boys’
cases varied only from 83 to 85 and the number of ¿iris per 100 girls’
cases, only from 89 to 91. ^ This smaller ratio of boys than of girls
dealt with shows greater recidivism among boys; in other words, boys
were dealt with more frequently than girls in two or more cases
during the year.
T a b l e J.
Number o f boys and girls dealt with in delinquency cases disposed o f by
SO courts that reported throughout the period 1929-83
Boys
Year
Total
cases
Cases
1929____________________
1930______________
1931_________________
1932................ ....................
1933____________________
37,731
38,536
37,073
33,707
33,563
31,348
32,342
31,365
28,767
28,885
Girls
Individ
uals
Individ
uals per
100 cases
26,738
27,288
26,006
24,516
24,311
85
84
83
85
84
Cases
6,383
6,194
5,708
4,940
4,678
Individ
uals
5,741
5,614
5,067
4,382
4,215
Individ
uals per
100 cases
90
91
89
89
90
Number o f Cases Disposed of.
In this section on trends in delinquency cases, the cases disposed
of are analyzed by age and sex of child dealt with, parental status,
reason for reference to court, place of care pending hearing or disposi
tion, and disposition for 30 courts serving areas of 100,000 or more
population which cooperated with the Children’s Bureau throughout
the 5-year period 1929-33. The number of cases disposed of in each
year of the period and the percentage change in 1933 as compared
with 1932 and 1929 are presented for the group of 30 courts and for
the individual courts comprising the group (table K ). The year 1929
has been shown to be a year of relatively high delinquency. It is the
year used as a base in the study of change in other types of social
statistics compiled by the Children’s Bureau.
In this group of courts the number of boys’ cases disposed of in
.1933 (28,885) was approximately the same as in 1932 (28,767) but
was 8 percent less than the number disposed of in 1929 (31,348).
The number of girls’ cases disposed of in 1933 (4,678) was 5 percent
less than the number in 1932 (4,940) and 27 percent less than the
number in 1929 (6,383). The total number of cases disposed of by
these courts in 1933 (33,563) was little different from the total in
1932 (33,707) but was 11 percent less than the number in 1929
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
JU VEN ILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
15
(37,731). It is of interest to note that the girls’ cases not only have
become fewer in number but constitute a smaller percentage of the
total than in earlier years. Whereas girls’ cases constituted 17
percent of the total cases disposed of in 1929, they constituted only
15 percent in 1932, and only 14 percent in 1933. These reductions
are of social as well as statistical significance.
The changes in the number of cases disposed of in this group of
courts as a whole reflect the general changes in the policies of the
courts themselves, the attitudes of other community agencies with
respect to referring children to court, and the amount of community
provision for the care of children who become delinquent. In the
study of the changes in this group of courts, however, it must be
constantly kept in mind that many courts deal with relatively few
cases and that the policies of the courts dealing with larger numbers
greatly influence the totals for the group of 30 courts. New York,
for instance, disposed of 7,727 cases and Philadelphia 6,787 cases
during 1933. Hamilton County, Ohio, the next on the list, disposed
of 2,298. At the other end of the scale is Montgomery County,
Pa., which disposed of only 80 cases. Five courts disposed of 100
but less than 200 cases. In all, 15 courts reported less than 500
cases; 8 courts, 500 but less than 1,000; and 7 courts, more than
1,000.
Table K shows for the individual courts the number of cases
disposed of in each year of the period under review and the per
centage change in 1933 as compared with 1929 and 1932. The total
number of cases disposed of by a court is of great importance in
connection with the study of annual changes in the figures of the
individual courts. In courts reporting large numbers of cases the
differences in the annual figures may indicate general change in
the community situation or court procedure. In courts reporting
small numbers, however, the total number of cases disposed of may
vary greatly without indicating a real change in underlying factors.
Ages o f Boys and Girls.
There was little difference in the age distribution of the boys
appearing in delinquency cases in the group of 30 courts in 1933 as
compared with 1932 (table L). As compared with 1929, however,
there was a slightly smaller percentage of cases of boys under 16
years in 1933 and a slightly larger proportion 16 years and over.
The reductions in the number of girls’ cases during these years have
been fairly evenly distributed throughout the age periods, although,
as with boys, the percentage under 16 was slightly smaller in 1933
than in 1929.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e K . — Number o f boys' and girls’ delinquency cases disposed of, and percentage change in 1933 as compared with 1932 and 1929; cases
disposed o f by 30 courts that served specified areas and that reported throughout the period 1929-33
Percent change in 1933—
Delinquency cases disposed of
1929
1930
1931
Girls
Boys
Total
Area served by court
1932
1933
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1929
1930
1931
19321
1932
1933
As compared with
19291
Boys’ Girls’ Total Boys’ Girls’
cases cases cases cases cases
JTJVENILE-COTJKT STATISTICS, 1933
«
-8
-2 7
- h
Total cases................. - ........... — 37,731 38,536 37,073 33,707 33,563 31,348 32,342 31,365 28,767 28,885 6,383 6,194 5,708 4,940 4,678 (2)
-2 5 -1 8
14
26
18
25
139
49
126
142
152
170
140
165
160
177
219
Alabama: Mobile County---------------2 0 -2 0 -1 8
195
189
191
233
239
California: San Diego County--------- 1,656 1,640 1,617 1,385 1,327 1,417 1,449 1,384 1,196 1,132
-1 8 -1 7 -2 1
55
69
67
68
444
323
70
402
376
391
378
445
511
470
' 461
Connecticut: Bridgeport (city)--------1 5 -11 -4 0
195
195
324
251
259
1,604
1,451
1,642
1,668
1,623
District of Columbia_______________ 1,947 1,893 1,927 1,799 1,646
Indiana:
+56 -2 5
+20
+50
-3
6
81
215
129
127
108
209
139
262
221
134
266
290
350
477
242
Lake County---------------------------4 5
-1 5
182
213
187
332
301
598
653
404
517
653
785
835
617
818
985
Marion County________________
-1 3 -3 8
-1
9
104
110
97
178
147
398
495
463
360
502
569
605
457
610
747
Iowa: Polk County.—........................
+25
+9
85
61
70
39
40
234
258
251
277
304
236
343
338
291
275
Louisiana: Caddo Parish---------------+9 +19 -3 2
58
76
83
70
412
85
466
450
431
346
470
549
507
520
431
Michigan: Kent County___________
Minnesota:
-1 4 -1 4 -1 8
165
213
170
200
200
770
775
853
990
897
940
940
Hennepin County........................ 1,097 1,053 1,203
54 - 1 2
+3 +14 -3 8
63
99
352
80
87
398
437
310
406
309
461
409
517
396
Ramsey County...........................
New Jersey:
-5 3 -5 3 -5 0
131
176
140
262
238
885
745
876 1,584 1,736 1,520
Hudson County............................ 1,846 1,974 1,696 1,025
-2
52
28
28
24
19
(2)
406
263
425
434
414
391
291
443
449
'433
Mercer County________________
New York:
-5
0 -2 3
-4
8
+
2
58
59
108
110
532
77
657
1,196
1,291
591 1,058
715
1,135 1,306 1,399
Erie County__________________
-2 7 -2 6
34
28
32
17
39
143
138
150
194
190
224
171
167
170
233
Monroe County.......... .................
-2 0
3
+12
782
(2
)
883
873
1,088
1,010
6,584
6,854
6,857
6,416
New York (city)............ ............ . 7,956 7,867 7,299 7,366 7,727 6,868
-5 8 -6 4 -3 2
41
48
40
85
60
93
329
150
195
134
258
190
414
243
318
Rensselaer County_____________
-5
4
-6 0
-5
5
72
56
104
59
341
139
493
310
749
338
382
397
397
888
597
Westchester County--------- -----Ohio:
-3
7
-1
1
+8
159
125
180
197
295
199
274
345
395
311
470
420
542
575
473
Franklin County3_____________
+1S +32 -2 9
609
467
457
586
640
Hamilton County_____________ 2,034 2,072 2,550 2,418 2,298 1,394 1,486 1,941 1,951 1,841
-1
4
5
e
284
285
366
332
349
1,608
(
?
)
1,802
1,825
1,613
Mahoning County....................... 2,021 2,151 1,979 2,110 1,892 1,689
-4 0 —38 -4 2
132
178
218
230
322
229
363
315
36C
454
523
493
578
752
598
Montgomery County..................
-2
7
+18
+10
108
111
148
+18
152
137
882
1,024
731
1,110
993
750
839
902 1,172 1,247
Oregon: Multnomah County---------Pennsylvania:
-3
3
-4
5
-4
3
134
132
155
173
604
200
721
639
955
794
738 1,090
853
Allegheny County....................... 1,290 1,128
+45
2
11
9
3
'8
78
85
65
72
47
80
74
76
96
55
Montgomery County..............
-2
3
2
-1
8
(2
)
668
866
813
888
866
6,119
Philadelphia (city and county).. 6,955 7,517 7,390 6,711 6,787 6,089 6,629 6,524 5,898
-1 5 -1C
11
14
21
16
23
69
93
85
75
103
107
80
106
91
126
South Carolina: Greenville County..
+20
+27
+25
194
167
240
171
161
899
732
973
776
71C
943 1,093
972 1,149
871
Utah: Third district......... ................
+5 -1 7
148
118
133
130
721
743
143
644
595
709
869
861
774
728
852
Virginia: Norfolk (city).....................
-22 -1 2
44
40
17
30
88
35
84
86
135
126
105
100
128
165
135
Washington: Pierce County3--------i Not shown where number of cases was less than 50 in base year.
3Less than 1 percent.
3Includes only official cases because court did not report unofficial cases every year.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
05
17
JU V ENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
H om e Conditions.
The number of cases in which the children were living in homes of
normal composition and the number living in broken homes are
shown in table M. Information as to place the child was living when
referred to court was more nearly complete in 1930 than in 1929, and
this improvement in reporting was maintained through 1933. In 92
percent of the cases for which the information was obtained each
year the children were living in their own homes and in 64 percent of
the cases both their own parents were present.
The percentage changes in 1933 as compared with 1932 in the num
ber of delinquency cases associated with most types of home conditions,
showed slight increases, which were largely due to the improvement
in reporting. Decreases in 1933 as compared with 1932 were shown
in the number of cases in which the mother was dead, cases in which
the parents were divorced, and cases in which the child was living in
another place than his own home. Increases appeared in all other
types of home conditions. Decreases in the number of cases in 1933
as compared with 1929 were shown for every type of home condition
except that in which the father was dead, the parents not married
to each other, the parents were living apart for reasons other than
divorce or desertion or for reasons not specified, and where the child
was living in a place other than his own home. The most important
numerical decreases were in cases in which the child was living with
one parent and one stepparent and cases in which the mother was
dead.
T a b l e L. — Age of boys and girls when referred to court and percentage change in
1933 as compared with 1932 and 1929; boys’ and girls’ delinquency cases dis
posed o f by 30 courts that reported throughout the period 1929-33 1
Percent change in
1933—
Delinquency cases disposed of
Age of child when referred to
court, and sex
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
As com As com
pared
pared
with 1932 with 1929
Total cases......... ............
37,731
38,636
37,073
33,707
33,563
0)
Boys’ cases_____________
31,348
32,342
31,365
28,767
28,885
(2)
Under 10 years_______________
10 years, under 12..... ........... .
12 years, under 14____________
14 years, under 16____________
16 years, under 18____________
18 years and over.....................
Not reported......... ...............
2,129
3,969
8,174
12,939
3,831
79
227
2,096
4,084
8,094
13,281
4,289
149
349
1,702
3,856
7,451
13,053
4,372
133
798
1,631
3,545
6,920
11,687
4,282
150
552
1,639
3,481
7,208
11, 786
4,288
128
355
(2)
-2
+4
(2)
-1 5
-3 6
-2 3
-1 2
-1 2
-9
+12
+62
+56
Girls’ Cases____________
6,383
6,194
5,708
4,940
4,678
-5
-2 7
198
358
1,201
3,145
1,370
39
72
187
325
1,089
3,080
1,411
69
33
176
303
939
2,785
1,329
57
119
190
283
794
2,396
1,167
49
61
180
274
814
2,253
1,095
47
15
-5
-3
+3
-6
-6
-9
-2 3
-3 2
-2 8
-2 0
Under 10 years___ ________ r _.
10 years, under 12.......... ...........
12 years, under 14____________
14 years, under 16____________
16 years, under 18____________
18 years and over____________
Not reported________________
-1 1
-8
(3)
—75
(3)
-7 9
1 Includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
3 Less than 1 percent.
3 Not shown because number of cases was less than 50 in 1929 and 1932.
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18
JU V ENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e M .— M arital status o f parents , place child was living when referred to
court, and percentage change in 19SS as compared with 1982 and 1929; delin
quency cases disposed o f by 80 courts that reported throughout the period 1929-88 1
Delinquency cases disposed of
Marital status of parents, and place child was
living when referred to court
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
Total cases________________ __________ 37,731 38,536 37,073 33,707 33,563
Percent change
in 1933—
As com As com
pared
pared
with
with
1932
1929
(8)
-1 1
Marital status and place reported-............. ........ 32, 210 35,633 34,147 30,682 31,066
+1
-4
Child living in own home................ ............. 29,680 32,671 31,254 28,082 28,498
+1
-4
With both own parents_______________ 20,496 22,739 21,826 19,780 19,871
With one parent and a stepparent____ 2,664 2,812 2,567 2,166 2,253
With one parent only— ........................ 6,620 7,120 6,861 6,136 6,374
Father dead_____________________ 2,596 3,014 2,901 2,579 2,676
Mother dead_____________________ 1,400 1,556 1,333 1,293 1,163
Parents divorced.... ..........................
741
564
600
643
613
Father deserting mother_________ _
706
657
574
614
713
Mother deserting father__________
125
120
130
80
97
Parents not married to each other, _
164
93
125
124
178
Parents living apart for other or not
specified reasons. _____________
993
946
945
873 1,082
Child living in other place________________ 2,530 2,962 2,893 2,600 2,568
Marital status and place not reported_________ 5,521 2,903 2,926 3,025 2,497
(2)
+4
+4
+4
-1 0
-8
+7
+21
+44
-3
-1 5
-2
+3
-1 7
-6
-1 4
-2 2
+91
+24
-1
-1 7
+9
+2
-5 5
1Includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
3 Less than 1 percent.
Reasons for Reference to Court.
The reasons for referring delinquency cases to court are shown in
table N. The reasons for reference of boys’ cases and girls’ cases
differ markedly. Boys’ cases were most frequently referred on
account of stealing, and acts of carelessness or mischief and traffic
violations. These two types of offenses accounted for practically
three-fourths of the boys’ cases in each year of the period under review.
In 1933 stealing was the reason for referring 40 percent of the boys’
cases, and acts of carelessness or mischief and traffic violations were
the reason for referring 34 percent. Running away and being
ungovernable each accounted for 6 percent of the boys’ cases and
truancy 5 percent. Only 2 percent of the boys’ cases were referred on
account of sex offenses. In contrast to this situation among boys,
practically three-fourths of the girls’ cases were referred on account of
being ungovernable, sex offenses, running away, and truancy— offenses
which will be recognized as being closely allied. Stealing was the
reason for reference in 11 percent of the girls’ cases and acts of care
lessness in 10 percent.
Among boys the most important changes in 1933 as compared with
1932 were the reduction in the number of cases referred on account of
running away (10 percent) and the increase in truancy cases (5 per
cent). Running away was given as the reason for reference more
frequently in 1931 than in any other year. In 1933 the number of
cases of this type was 19 percent less than in 1931. The increase in
truancy cases in 1933, though slight, was an interruption of the
general downward trend. The 1933 figure, however, was not so great
as that of any year prior to 1932.
Among girls’ cases marked variability in the number of cases
referred for the various reasons is associated partly with the small
number of cases. The number of cases of truancy increased in 1933 as
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
19
JU VEN ILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
compared with 1932, cases of sex offenses and running away were less
frequently reported, and the charge of being ungovernable was reported
in approximately the same number of cases as in the previous year.
T a b l e N .— Reason for reference to court, and percentage change in 1933 as compared
with 1932 and 1929; boys’ and girls’ delinquency cases disposed o f by 30 courts that
reported throughout the period 1929-33 1
Percent change
in 1933—
Delinquency cases disposed of
Reason for reference to court, and
sex of child
As com As com
pared
pared
with
with
1932
1929
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
Total cases___________________
37,731
38,536
37,073
33,707
33,563
(’)
Boys’ cases____________________
31,348
32,342
31,365
28,767
28,885
(’ )
Stealing_________________________ Act of carelessness or mischief, and
traffic violation__________________
Truancy__________________________
Running away______ _______________
Ungovernable___ :_____________ ____
Sex offense_________________ _____
Injury to person___ ________________
Use, possession, or sale of liquor or
drugs___________ _______________ Other reason_______________________
Reason not reported________________
12,936
13,536
13,759
11,826
11,481
-3
-1 1
9,229
2,414
2,016
2,303
475
835
9,726
2,340
2,011
2,104
545
794
9,302
1,721
2,217
2,007
442
779
9,883
1,385
1,993
1,724
420
732
9,864
1,455
1,802
1,767
436
722
(9)
+5
-1 0
+2
+4
-1
+7
-4 0
-11
-2 3
-8
-14
200
820
120
147
1,122
17
203
847
88
143
595
66
131
1,030
197
-8
+73
+198
-3 5
+26
+64
Girls’ cases____ ______________
6,383
6,194
5,708
4,940
4,678
-5
-2 7
698
755
722
522
498
-5
-2 9
491
678
1,100
1,815
1,198
156
542
703
1,049
1,654
1,254
129
563
510
990
1,572
1,098
97
499
458
885
1,365
920
119
465
516
752
1,395
757
150
-7
+13
-1 5
+2
-1 8
+26
-5
-2 4
-3 2
-2 3
-3 7
-4
55
119
73
48
49
11
63
56
37
53
68
51
35
63
47
-34
-7
-8
-3 6
-4 7
-3 6
Stealing___________________________
Act of carelessness or mischief, and
traffic violation__________________
Truancy__________ ______ - ................
Running away_____________________
Ungovernable.. - _______ ______
Sex offense___ __________________ -Injury to person___________________
Use, possession, or sale of liquor or
drugs__________ ________________
Other reason______________________
Reason not reported_______ _______
-1 1
-8
1 Includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
9 Less than 1 percent.
Table O shows the most frequent types of reason for reference for
boys’ cases during the period under review for each of the 30 cooper
ating courts. The number of girls’ cases referred for the different
reasons was very small and tends to indicate variability rather than
real change in the individual courts.
Place o f Detention Care.
In each of the last 3 years of the period under review in slightly more
than one-third of the boys’ cases and about half of the girls’ cases the
children were detained overnight or longer, as is shown in table P.
The place of care most frequently used for both boys and girls was the
detention home. Other institutions stood second in importance. Jails
and police stations stood third for boys but were seldom used for girls.
Boarding or other family homes were used infrequently for either boys
or girls. Boys were detained in about the same number of cases in
1933 as in 1932, but the cases in which girls were detained decreased
9 percent. The use of detention homes for the care of boys increased
in 1933 as compared with 1932. Decreases are noted in the use of
other institutions and of jails and police stations. Both improvement
in the completeness of reporting and changes in the policies of the in
dividual courts are reflected in the figures.
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T a b l e O. — Number o f boys’ delinquency cases, referred for specified reasons, disposed o f by SO courts that served specified areas and that
reported throughout the period 1929-33
to
O
Reason for reference of boys’ delinquency cases
Alabama: Mobile County_____________________
California: San Diego County_________________
Connecticut: Bridgeport (city)_______ _______
District of Columbia...............................................
Indiana:
Lake County______________ _____________
Marion County________ __________________
Iowa: Polk County................. ..................... .........
Louisiana: Caddo Parish______________________
Michigan: Kent County______________________
Minnesota:
Hennepin County__________________ ______
Ramsey County___ ______ ________________
New Jersey:
Hudson County_______________ _____ - ........
Mercer County___________________________
New York:
Erie County--------- ------------------- ---------------Monroe County................................................
New York (city )..............................................
Rensselaer County...........................................
Westchester County........................ ................
Ohio:
Franklin County1________________________
Hamilton County..... .............................. ........
Mahoning County___ ________ ____________
Montgomery County........... .........................—
Oregon: Multnomah County___ ______________
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County----------------- ------------------Montgomery County--------- ------ ---------------Philadelphia (city and county)------------------South Carolina: Greenville County------------------Utah: Third district--._____________________ _
Virginia: Norfolk (city)....... ...... ..................... ......
Washington: Pierce County1_________ ______ —
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1929
1930
1931
1932
12,936
13,536
13,759
11,826
11,481
1933
9,229
9,726
9,302
9,883
9,864
6,733
6,455
5,945
5,102
5,024
21
404
68
630
15
430
138
533
14
484
112
492
23
483
133
416
36
462
125
303
52
455
88
231
40
384
48
235
43
344
59
259
33
285
60
214
34
264
45
210
69
412
2^2
691
75
507
181
811
78
467
188
841
65
340
227
910
54
328
119
859
83
338
225
78
196
126
308
166
108
237
110
270
160
116
243
68
373
145
106
254
112
364
151
133
204
8
89
214
94
89
36
46
198
80
146
31
35
102
85
121
15
99
132
37
122
31
108
190
72
124
38
185
90
24
42
83
119
70
33
47
67
88
75
42
51
44
113
93
48
63
52
153
113
32
49
564
207
561
300
500
193
412
237
484
240
133
57
162
69
333
59
246
84
184
66
120
22
64
27
97
36
80
31
71
22
535
277
628
272
655
237
350
139
343
244
320
84
349
83
306
82
197
72
134
107
674
38
672
47
476
52
296
39
233
39
674
132
2,485
71
250
746
94
2,353
65
196
771
130
2,573
69
205
439
98
2,242
51
177
372
96
1,836
31
191
232
30
2,548
36
191
303
22
2,611
28
90
374
24
2,137
11
44
116
20
2,983
5
27
61
20
3,036
9
33
101
23
1,159
139
271
110
16
1,057
232
177
111
25
1,028
109
72
71
22
825
88
89
73
19
925
49
96
209
655
346
191
400
245
664
578
115
481
283
955
551
143
565
243
891
740
103
316
224
783
574
128
414
2
378
689
75
126
12
438
521
77
284
12
467
520
56
287
16
536
590
58
201
8
531
569
65
263
26
271
488
205
143
45
266
555
152
161
39
331
424
144
158
23
356
389
139
151
23
303
373
116
146
646
39
2,243
57
354
208
79
532
75
2,303
63
403
240
103
352
55
2,167
56
499
264
63
284
58
1,707
54
392
333
72
319
60
1,833
64
487
375
59
53
1
2,226
7
103
313
8
58
4
2,700
5
76
196
16
76
2
2,680
1
173
171
11
104
6
2,755
8
191
202
6
45
2
2,896
13
143
220
8
350
5
1,138
26
215
108
6
324
3
1,125
10
214
126
13
275
6
1,187
13
238
88
8
229
8
1,063
7
131
105
7
205
10
1,019
7
231
95
17
1 Includes only official cases because court did not report unofficial cases every year.
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Truancy, running away, and being
ungovernable
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
Boys’ cases_______ ________________________
Act of carelessness or mischief, and traffic
violation
Stealing
Area served by court
21
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e P.— Place o f care pending hearing or disposition and percentage change in
1933 as compared with 1932 and 1929; delinquency cases disposed of by 30 courts
that reported throughout the period 1929-33 1
Percent change
in 1933—
Delinquency cases disposed of
Place of detention care, and sex of child
1929
1930
Total cases__________ ____________
37,731
38,536
Boys’ cases__________ _____________
31,348
32, 342
No detention care______________________
Detention care overnight or longer______
16,858
14,291
17,077
11,172
Boarding home or other family hom e..
97
Detention hom e3________ ___________ • 8,816
Other institution___________________
3,876
Jail or police station4_______________
1,178
Other place of care8..............................
324
Place of care not reported..... .............. .
41
6,214
3,689
1,225
2
1
As com As com
pared
pared
with
with
1932
1929
1932
1933
37,073
33,707
33,563
31,365
28,767
28,885
(*)
19,174
10,917
17, 577
10,363
18,022
10, 397
+3
(»)
+7
-2 7
46
6,646
3,299
917
8
1
233
6,276
3,060
791
3
312
6,684
2,689
708
4
+34
+7
-1 2
-1 0
(6)
+222
-2 4
-3 1
-4 0
-9 9
1931
-1 1
Not reported whether detention care was
-8
199
4,093
1,274
827
466
—44
+134
Girls’ cases....... ................ ..................
6,383
6,194
5,708
4,940
4,678
-5
-2 7
No detention care______________________
Detention care overnight or longer.—.........
2,961
3,369
2,936
3,032
2,689
2,725
2,340
2,438
2,397
2,223
+2
-9
-1 9
-3 4
Boarding home or other family home..
Detention hom e3_______ _____ ______
Other institution_____________ ____ _
Jail or police station4_______________
Other olace of care5............... ..............
Place of care not reported__________ _
72
1,842
1,156
104
195
67
1,813
1,053
64
35
60
1,714
862
54
34
1
78
1,469
831
57
3
93
1,226
868
35
+19
-1 7
-3 9
(»)
+29
-3 3
-2 5
-6 6
-100
53
226
294
162
58
-6 4
+9
Not reported whether detention care was
given__________ _____ ________________
1
1 Includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
8 Less than 1 percent.
3 Includes cases of children cared for part of the time in detention homes and part of the time elsewhere,
but excludes cases of children also held in jails or police stations.
4 Includes a few cases of children cared for part of the time in jails or police stations and part of the time
elsewhere.
8 Includes a few cases of children held in more than 1 place of care but in places other than detention homes,
jails, or police stations.
6 Not shown because number of cases was less than 50 in 1932.
Table Q shows by individual courts the place of care of the children
involved in delinquency cases during the years 1929 to 1933. The
types of places used show the policies of the courts and the amount of
community provision for care. Neither Hennepin nor Ramsey County,
Minn., for instance, has a detention home, and many of the children
who might have been cared for in detention homes m these counties
have been placed in boarding homes or in other institutions. Bridge
port, Conn., has had detention-home facilities since 1930 and has
used this type of care mainly since 1931. In Erie County, N. Y., the
detention home used by the Buffalo court prior to the consolidation
of the city and county courts was closed, and boarding homes were used
in 1932 and 1933. The other courts in New York State almost in
variably used other institutions for the care of the children. The
decreases noted during the period 1929-33 in the total number of
cases detained in jails and police stations arose mainly from the less
frequent use of such places by the courts of Mahoning County, Ohio;
Hennepin County, Minn.; and Norfolk, Va.
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T a b l e Q . — Number o f delinquency cases o f children detained in certain types o f places pending hearing or disposition; cases disposed o f by
SO courts that served specified areas and that reported throughout the period 1929—S3
fcO
^
Place of detention care of child
Area served by court
Marion County________ ________ ____
Iowa: Polk County_____________________
Louisiana: Caddo Parish_______ _________
Michigan: Kent County_________________
Minnesota:
Hennepin County___________________
New Jersey:
Hudson County.............._...................
Mercer County......................................
New York:
Erie County...................... ........... ..........
Monroe County_____________________
New York (city)______________ _____
Rensselaer County____ __________ . . .
Westchester C ourity. ............................
Ohio:
Franklin County3. _________________
Hamilton County___________________
Mahoning County______________ _ . . .
Montgomery County________________
Oregon: Multnomah County____________
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County________ ____ _____
Montgomery C ou n ty ...................... .
Philadelphia (city and county)...........
South Carolina: Greenville County______
Utah: Third district____________ ’. ______
Virginia: Norfolk (city)_________________
Washington: Pierce County*................. .
1929
1930
1931
1932
169
108
311
29
4
2
7
4
106
1
2
5
5
3
2
1
3
3
1
2
2
1
4
6
3
71
' 2
51
1
51
2
1
2
3
7
3
3
237
4
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
2
1
7
1931
1932
971
10
77
1
848
6
42
743
8
2
30
10
9
2
17
9
6
27
4
6
10
21
13
129
70
165
98
1
38
2
31
1
1
2
4
221
32
1
9
2
3
3
1
4
191
407
217
80
175
1931
145
384
197
41
198
580
21
792
25
691
59
328
377
396
1932
111
622
171
29
200
437
1933
43
734
181
101
205
380
51
7
1929
1930
1
5
3
4
2
4
1
1
16
71
7
68
5
91
1
55
3
48
172
70
193
164
4
2
3
4
1
24
1
1
4
1
7
1
35
60
■58
104
105
133
85
34
4,039 3,807 3,593 3,388 3,169
' 104
96
76
54
47
93
100
118
155
119
1
1
8
3
4
5
31
771
661
410
393
467
30
75
63
70
59
4,441 1,302 1,526 1,308 1,512
3
4
9
13
1
131
272
109
154
285
78
123
374
75
113
283
46
1929
1
2
282
276
81
1933
3
2
3
98
1932
3
5
5
1
1
21
36
10
10
14
3
1931
8
3
7
6
1
324
265
215
164
318
1,209 1,325 1,143 1,664 1,655
'630 ' 792 '886 '841 ' 764
193
140
145
120
125
113
187
140
120
118
1
2
26
53
173
250
35
187
1930
Jail or police station2
1930
6
1
3
7
1929
Other institution
405 10,658 8,027 8,360 7,745 7,910 5,032 4,742 4,161 3,891 3,557 1,282 1,289
1
1
108
2
90
85
69
106
21
4
382
389
452
302
204
21
10
2
4
90
90
17
13
122
2
5
6
5
129
175
33
27
24
250
412
4
6
366
413
375
367
1
5
9
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1933
Detention home1
5
i
1
7
2
1
20
17
2
2
1
35
4
18
i
3
1
4
1
1
36
40
133
28
29
16
88
29
18
28
80
29
11
2
1
21
3
1
i
3
44
7
78
75
1
276
67
130
8
16
1
144
10
284
77
88
1
34
8
27
4
3
1
47
6
1933
143
147
8
75
65
183
127
1
98
45
142
126
1
67
58
117
i
18
39
31
23
16
20
58
33
1 Includes cases of children cared for part of the time in detention homes and part of the time elsewhere, but excludes cases of children also held in jails or police stations.
s Includes a few cases of children cared for part of the time in jails or police stations and part of the time elsewhere.
5 Includes only official cases because court did not report unofficial cases every year.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
*
*
JU VEN ILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
Total cases___ ____________________
Alabama: Mobile County_______________
California: San Diego County.....................
Connecticut: Bridgeport (city)...................
District of Columbia______ _____________
Indiana:
Boarding or other family home
23
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
Disposition of Cases.
Changes in the disposition of delinquency cases are shown for the
group of 30 courts in table R and for the individual courts in table S.
The increase in both boys’ and girls’ cases dismissed or adjusted in
1933 as compared with 1932 arose largely from the greater frequency
of this type of disposition in New York City and Philadelphia^ but 10
other courts also show increases in the number of dismissals in 1933
as compared with 1932. This is the only type of disposition which
shows a marked increase in the group of 30 courts for both boys’ and
girls’ cases in 1933. A slight increase is shown in the number of cases
of boys committed or referred to an agency or individual, but a de
crease is shown for girls’ cases. Relatively important types of dis
position which show decreases for both boys’ and girls’ cases are
probation and commitment or reference to institutions. Decrease
in both of these types of disposition is shown in many of the individual
courts.
T a b l e R .— Disposition of case and percentage change in 1933 as compared with
1932 and 1929; boys’ and girls’ delinquency cases disposed o f by 30 courts that
reported throughout the period 1929—33 1
Delinquency cases disposed of
Disposition of case, and sex of child
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
Percent change
in 1933As com As com
pared
pared
with
with
1932 3
19293
Total cases______________________________ 37, 731 38,536 37,073 33,707 33,563
(3)
-1 1
Boys’ cases______________________________ 31,348 32,342 31,365 28,767 28,885
(3)
-8
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open without fur
ther action________________________________
Child supervised by probation officer.................
Child committed or referred to an institution...
Child committed or referred to an agency or in
dividual _________________________________
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered............... ........
Other disposition of case-------------------------------Disposition not reported-------------------- ----------Girls’ cases---------------------------------------------
14,333 15,830 15,305 14,775 15,669
9, 758 9,370 9,349 8,346 7,994
3,119 3,197 2,992 2,552 2,436,
+6
-4
-5
+9
-1 8
-2 2
1,128
1,825
1,182
3
1,213
1,601
1,128
3
1,119
1,087
1,502
11
1,061
692
1,340
1
1,081
484
1,221
+2
-3 0
-9
-4
-7 3
+3
6,383
6,194
5,708
4,940
4,678
-5
-2 7
2,316
1,842
1,190
2,185
1,650
1,095
1,840
1,536
882
1,912
1,355
806
+4
-1 2
-9
-1 5
-2 9
-3 5
439
39
365
3
419
28
330
1
382
29
270
1
340
14
251
-1 1
-4 0
-7
-2 6
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open without
further action-------------------------------------------- 2,262
Child supervised by probation officer-------------- 1,921
Child committed or referred to an institution.. . 1,238
Child committed or referred to an agency or
568
individual______________________ ______ ___
47
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered---------- ------ 341
Other disposition of case— . —. ----------------------6
Disposition not reported.................... ...............
1 Includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
1 Percentage change not shown where number of cases was less than 50 in base year.
3 Less than 1 percent.
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T a b l e S .— Number o f delinquency cases, classified by type o f disposition, disposed o f by SO courts that served specified areas and that reported
throughout the period 1929—33
Type of disposition
Area served by court
Minnesota: _
New Jersey:
New York:
Ohio:
Pennsylvania:
Washington: Pierce County2-------------------------
Child committed or referred to an
institution
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1929
1930
1931
1932
16,595
18,146
17,490
16,615
17, 581
11,679
11,212
10,999
9,882
9,349
4,357
4,387
4,087
3,434
3,242
66
894
182
881
52
917
315
679
42
1,112
217
657
23
989
237
716
26
969
197
585
13
312
182
625
3
443
45
705
29
237
126
691
44
207
186
585
57
211
104
578
121
72
52
86
118
91
27
79
80
87
28
84
71
67
31
107
63
62
24
103
56
456
473
111
149
106
401
321
Î28
188
60
384
186
100
162
46
444
269
100
209
128
516
385
113
165
58
314
74
21
132
126
229
161
7
177
113
169
183
70
218
71
226
164
75
196
90
208
161
61
159
60
111
91
66
122
113
102
81
98
137
84
41
59
84
121
68
97
53
61
137
24
88
35
101
135
221
38
238
49
415
83
323
67
202
36
586
256
510
305
490
217
335
295
444
253
279
93
280
128
270
92
271
94
284
103
850
10
705
8
600
7
331
8
302
1 122
313
345
391
388
319
359
206
249
198
251
249
76
473
53
523
77
372
34
320
42
534
787
3,294
253
388
3,468
334
207
874
16
3,048
169
63
302
38
3,620
130
69
200
57
4,308
85
69
299
181
3,091
9
397
288
128
3,118
15
314
285
157
3,116
13
272
250
100
2,916
32
244
217
76
2,612
22
246
165
50
810
39
46
157
40
734
39
26
156
44
733
39
24
64
26
536
19
27
71
29
508
18
27
24
983
1,415
358
569
33
1,070
1,408
306
648
45
1,146
1,325
280
629
33
1,156
1,453
243
348
23
1,120
1,397
226
476
220
352
240
239
104
231
297
255
109
314
261
403
283
128
400
251
340
314
81
309
238
329
286
89
336
182
166
111
87
99
238
127
139
113
117
225
171
109
75
121
154
125
113
83
72
125
144
67
69
103
6
25
3,663
49
337
272
38
3
5,172
23
446
213
16
1
4,580
27
518
273
62
2
4,752
40
681
353
46
940
6
1,859
30
173
288
20
951
68
936
49
271
308
70
751
47
793
47
512
285
25
638
54
805
40
304
356
9
570
54
762
46
359
326
6
219
23
576
18
177
47
64
167
26
505
13
67
34
65
100
27
438
11
44
66
74
154
21
422
7
36
67
45
167
23
381
18
30
46
32
4,974
35
567
197
2
Includes dismissed cases not reported in previous years.
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Child supervised by probation officer
2 Includes only official cases because court did not report unofficial cases every year.
1933
JUVENILE-CÖ U ET STATISTICS, 1Ô33
Indiana:
Case dismissed, adjusted, or held open
without further action
25
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T R E N D S IN D E P E N D E N C Y AN D N E G L E C T CASES
Twenty-eight courts have reported dependency and neglect cases
throughout the period 1929-33. The number of dependency and
neglect cases and the percentage change in each year as compared
with the preceding year in cases disposed of by these 28 courts were as
follows:
Year
Number
1929
1930
1931.....................................
14,863
• 15,012
14,473
Percent in. crease (+ )
or decrease
( —) ascompared with
preceding
year
+1
-4
Year
1932-.._____ ___________
1933___________ ________
Number
13,188
12,810
Percent in
crease (+ )
or decrease
(—) as com
pared with
preceding
year
-9
-3
In 1930 more cases of dependency and neglect were disposed of by
these 28 courts than in 1929, but in each year since 1930 the number
has been fewer than in the preceding year. Fewer cases were disposed
of in 1933 than in any other year of the reporting period. The drop
from 1932 to 1933 amounted to 3 percent and from 1929 to 1933 to 14
percent. This decrease in the number of cases in 1933 as compared
with 1929 appeared in 19 of the 28 individual courts reporting through
out the period (table T ). Fourteen of the twenty-five courts that
reported 50 or more cases in 1932 showed decreases in the number of
cases disposed of in 1933. The greatest increase in number of cases
appeared in Multnomah County, Oreg., which disposed of 685 cases
in 1933 as compared with 423 cases in 1932. The number of cases dis
posed of in the court of Greenville County, S. C., increased 64 percent,
but there were comparatively few cases in each year (53 in 1932 and
87 in 1933).
The factors responsible for the decrease in dependency and neglect
cases handled by the courts in 1933 are probably in general the same
that have been in operation in the last few years; namely, the greater
availability of direct and work relief for families, the growing tendency
to provide social treatment for cases of dependency and neglect
without recourse to court, and, in some communities at least, decreases
in budgets of courts, agencies, and institutions. In some cases, chil
dren were probably not referred to the court because it was known
that money was not available for care outside the home. Further
more, under the pressure of heavy case loads some situations involv
ing neglect are being overlooked which in normal times would be
brought to the attention of the courts. Doubtless also many families
are being kept together that would have been broken up except for
the funds that have come into the communities in the form of direct
relief and public works.
Tables U, V, and W show the age distribution of the children, the
marital status of the parents and the place where child was living
when referred to court, and the disposition of the cases for the group of
28 courts during the period 1929-33. Table X shows the number of
cases of children committed or referred to institutions, agencies, or
individuals by each of the courts during the period under review.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
26
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e T . — Number o f dependency and neglect cases and percentage change in 1933
as compared with 1932 and 1929 in cases disposed o f by 28 specified courts that
reported throughout the period 1929-33
Dependency and neglect cases disposed
of
Percent change in
1933—
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
As com As com
pared
pared
with
with
19321
19291
14,863
15,012
14,473
13,188
12,810
-3
-14
9
438
70
348
4
395
51
315
349
49
297
5
437
71
303
20
393
58
256
—10
—18
—16
—10
—17
—26
246
282
631
107
279
326
282
559
53
338
225
242
404
155
275
173
260
278
202
236
150
189
354
190
184
—13
—27
+27
—6
—22
—39
—33
—44
+78
—34
343
138
349
115
296
193
344
125
331
192
—4
+54
—3
+39
140
284
3,891
187
270
148
228
3,890
161
394
178
192
4,173
162
438
13fi
175
4,230
146
532
103
4,402
124
556
—41
+4
—15
+5
—64
+13
—34
+106
659
468
292
385
443
462
442
214
321
475
280
371
188
348
646
217
344
137
266
423
240
274
151
285
685
+11
—20
+10
+7
+62
—64
—41
—48
—26
+55
756
13
3,670
114
130
209
61
970
10
4,060
74
175
152
49
909
7
3,654
58
172
159
48
705
29
2,966
53
171
180
44
763
55
2,347
87
109
118
54
+8
+1
—21
+64
—36
—34
—36
—24
—16
—44
-ii
Area served by court
Total cases________ ____________
Alabama: Mobile County_____ _
California: San Diego C o u n ty .._____
Connecticut: Bridgeport (city). _
District of Columbia_________________
Indiana:
Lake County______________
Marion County__ ___ _ _
Iowa: Polk County___
Louisiana: Caddo Parish____________
Michigan: Kent County___ _______
Minnesota:
Hennepin County_________ ..... . .
Ramsey County____________________
New York:
Erie County_____________________
Monroe County____________
New York (city) ______________
Rensselaer County.. _________ _____
Westchester County______________
Ohio:
Franklin County1____ _____
Hamilton County_____________
Mahoning County___________ _____
Montgomery County_______________
Oregon: Multnomah County_________ .
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County__________________
Montgomery County_______________
Philadelphia (city and county)_______
South Carolina: Greenville County______
Utah: Third district____________________
Virginia: Norfolk (city)_________________
Washington: Pierce Countys___ _____
1 Not shown where number of cases was less than 50 in base year.
s Includes only official cases because court did not report unofficial cases every year.
T a b l e U . — Age o f child and percentage change in 1933 as compared with 1932 and
1929 in dependency and neglect cases disposed o f by 28 courts that reported
throughout the period 1929-33 1
Dependency and neglect cases disposed of
Percent change
in 1933—
Age of child when referred to court
Total eases____________
Under 2 years..............
2 years, under 4....................
4 years, under 6____ ____
6 years, under 8......................
8 years, under 10____ ____ _____
10 years, under 12...............
12 years, under 14............. .............
14 years, under 16_________
16 years and over______
Not reported________
As com As com
pared
pared
with
with
1932
1929
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
14,863
15,012
14,473
13,188
12,810
-3
-1 4
1,764
1,930
1,982
2,042
2,077
1,697
1,651
1,265
206
249
1,843
1,841
1,946
2,037
2,103
1,790
1,660
1,348
222
222
1,799
1,692
1,760
1,915
1,972
1,881
1,498
1,266
207
483
1,653
1,636
1,716
1,742
1,738
1,641
1,458
1,140
257
207
1,516
1,549
1,547
1,774
1,771
1,607
1,474
1,211
303
58
-8
-5
-1 0
+2
+2
-2
+1
+6
+18
-7 2
-1 4
-2 0
-2 2
-1 3
-1 5
-5
-11
-4
+47
-7 7
•includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
27
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e V .— Marital status o f parents and place child was living when referred to court
and percentage change in 1933 as compared with 1932 and 1929; dependency and
neglect cases disposed o f by 28 courts that reported throughout the period 1929-33 1
Dependency and neglect cases
disposed of
Marital status of parents, and place child was
living when referred to court
1929
Total cases________________
Marital status and place reported_____
Child living in own home____
1930
1931
1932
1933
Percent change
in 1933—
As com As com
pared
pared
with
with
1932
1929
14,863 15,012 14,473 13,188 12,810
-3
-1 4
12,220 13,376 12,386 10,956 10,521
-4
-1 4
9,540 10,404
9,544
8,412
7,929
-6
-1 7
3,022
447
6,071
3,295
493
6,616
3,141
401
6,002
3,121
320
4,971
2,840
351
4,738
-9
+10
-5
-6
-21
-2 2
Father dead_____________
693
Mother dead_______________
1,097
Parents divorced_________
420
Father deserting mother____
1,055
Mother deserting father_____
541
Parents not married to each other..
495
Parents living apart for other or not
not specified reasons________
1,770
753
1,073
329
1,248
517
607
708
853
340
967
436
693
515
764
295
689
332
572
509
753
311
619
323
516
+5
-1 0
-3
-1 0
-1
-1
—27
—31
-2 6
—41
—40
+4
-4
With both own parents_____
With one parent and a stepparentWith one parent only__________
_
Child living in other place__________
Marital status and place not reported__
2,089
2,005
1,804
1,707
—5
2,680
2,972
2,842
2,544
2,592
+2
-3
2,643
1,636
2,087
2,232
2,289
+3
-1 3
1Includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
T a b l e W .— Disposition o f case and percentage change in 1933 as compared with
1932 and 1929; dependency and neglect cases disposed o f by 28 courts that reported
throughout the period 1929-33 1
Dependency and neglect cases
disposed of
Disposition of case
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
Total cases____________________________ 14,863 15,012 14,473 13,188 12,810
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open without
further action___ ____ ____________________
Child suDervised bv probation officer
Child committed or referred to institution........
Child committed or referred to agency or indi
vidual.................... ......................... ........
Other disposition of case___________________
Disposition not reported_________ __________
Percent change
in 1933—
As com As com
pared
pared
with
with
1932
1929
-3
-1 4
+4
-1 6
-1 3
4,181
3,036
3,283
4,537
3,057
3,252
4,111
2,918
3,197
4,535
2,572
2,636
4,330
2,540
2,849
-5
-1
+8
4,192
162
9
3,930
232
4
4,032
214
1
3,232
213
2,846
245
-1 2
+15
-3 2
+51
0
1
Includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these
courts did not report unofficial cases every year.
* Not shown because number of cases was less than 50 in 1929.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
28
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e X . — Number of dependency and neglect cases o f children committed or referred
to institutions, agencies, or individuals disposed o f by 28 specified courts that
reported throughout the period 1929-33
Area served by court
Dependency and neglect cases of
children committed or referred to
institutions, agencies, or individ
uals
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
_____- ------------------------------------- -- --------------
7,475
7,182
7,229
5,868
5,695
Alabama: Mobile County............... - ................. .................................
California: San Diego County....... .................... ...... ................ ..........
Connecticut: Bridgeport (city)------------- -------------- ----------------------
4
54
46
217
4
88
29
226
5
60
33
248
5
92
61
273
13
66
40
226
197
277
292
51
121
147
201
130
117
109
129
208
141
96
65
79
140
151
113
31
253
90
235
181
288
107
292
186
136
187
1,198
140
207
147
175
1,590
147
234
94
130
1,027
109
381
92
74
1,393
89
407
393
357
143
199
216
216
269
141
232
217
196
265
81
185
165
222
202
118
192
267
58
4
2,082
33
89
73
39
38
2,159
26
62
73
37
67
23
1,441
21
85
92
41
117
16
1,008
19
46
50
46
Total cases
Indiana:
167
Lake County--------------------------------------------------------------------272
Marion County-----------------------------------------------------------------310
Iowa: Polk C ounty...------- ------- ------------ ------ ---------------- ----------90
Louisiana: Caddo Parish---------------------------------- . -------------------81
Michigan: Kent County— ............ ......................... ...................... —
Minnesota:
162
Hennepin County-------------------------------------------------------- -----59
Ramsey County------ -------------------------- -------- -----------------------New York:
104
Erie County.................................. ............... - ...............................
261
Monroe County----------------------------------------------------- ------ ----New York (city)--------------- ---------------------- -------------------------- 1,161
159
Rensselaer County------------------- -------- -------------------- ------------176
Westchester County.............. ...... ........... ...... ................... .............
Ohio:
564
Franklin County1-----------------------------------------------------------204
Hamilton County____________________________________ ■»-----205
Mahoning County............................ ...... ........... ...................... —
215
Montgomery County------------- --------------------- -------------------189
Oregon: Multnomah County___________________________________
Pennsylvania:
441
Allegheny County.................................. ...................— ................
13
2,052
Philadelphia (city and county)------------------------------- --------55
South Carolina: Greenville County-------------- -----------------------------107
Utah: Third district---- --------- ------------------- ------ ------------- ----------83
Virginia: Norfolk (city)— — ......................... ...................................
24
Washington: Pierce County1............... ...................................- .........
1Includes only official cases because court did not report unofficial cases every year.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
S U M M A R Y TABLES— J U V E N ILE -C O U R T STA TISTIC S, 1933
DELINQUENCY CASES
T a b l e 1.— Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction and age o f boys
and girls dealt with in delinquency cases disposed o f by 255 courts during 1933 1
Delinquency cases
Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction 2
Age of child when referrod to court
16 years
17 years
18 years
21 years
Boys
Girls
Boys
Girls
Boys
Girls
Boys
Girls
Boys
Total cases________ 59,412
8,627
30,268
3,664
11,617
1,210
15,866
3,428
1,661
325
Under 10 years_______
3,437
10 years. ______________ 3,014
11 years __________ _
4,560
12 years _______ ____ 6,506
13 years ______ ______
8,163
14 years _______
___ 10, 776
15 y e a r s___ . . . .
12,376
16 years _____ _______ 6,395
16 years, under 18 3______
71
17 years ______________
3,145
18 years and over. ____
272
Not reported__________
697
335
228
295
572
965
1,668
2,330
1,290
41
745
86
72
2,163
1,828
2,800
3,961
4,913
6,425
6,958
502
71
67
13
567
164
128
151
311
512
901
1,246
127
41
25
'
2
56
492
530
839
1,133
1,444
2,025
2,545
2,525
32
27
35
84
128
248
337
303
730
635
878
1,337
1,704
2,154
2,637
2,946
130
67
106
165
298
475
698
791
52
21
43
75
102
172
236
422
9
6
3
12
27
44
49
69
53
8
23
8
4
4
2,564
176
105
640
46
12
461
75
2
72
34
Girls
1 Of the 255 courts reporting delinquency cases, 246 reported boys’ cases and 226 reported girls’ cases.
2 Some courts have jurisdiction under special circumstances beyond the age specified; also courts occa
sionally deal informally with children who are just beyond the age of juvenile-court jurisdiction.
3 Not separately reported.
T a b l e 2.— Age of white and colored boys and girls dealt with in delinquency cases
disposed o f by 67 courts in 1933 1
Delinquency cases
Boys
Age of child when referred
to court
Total
White
Girls
Colored
White
Colored
Percent Num Percent Num Percent
Num Percent
distri Num
distri
distri
distri
ber
ber
ber
ber
bution
bution
bution
bution
Total cases.. _______
53,200
36,057
Age reported____________
52, 721
35,644
100
9,823
100
5,459
100
1,795
100
Under 10 years_______
2,898
10 years______ ______ 2,452
11 years______________
3,727
12 years_____ _______
5,448
13 years______________
7,113
14 years_______ ______
9,658
15years-_. . ________ 11,179
16 years______________
6,004
17 years______________
3,887
18 years and over_____
355
1,905
1,638
2,452
3,676
4,770
6,501
7,591
4,091
2,774
246
5
5
7
10
13
18
21
11
8
1
707
627
1,035
1,303
1,522
1,754
1,702
781
368
24
7
6
11
13
15
18
17
8
4
220
118
168
283
539
996
1,469
945
647
74
4
2
3
5
10
18
27
17
12
1
66
69
72
186
282
407
417
187
98
11
4
4
4
10
16
23
23
10
5
1
Age not reported. ..........
479
413
9,864
41
5,476
(J)
17
1,803
8
1 Of the 255 courts reporting delinquency cases, only 67 i i of which reported boys’ cases) furnished information for correlating age and color.
2 Less than 1 percent.
51030°— 36
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
29
30
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e 3. — Color and nativity o f boys and girls dealt with in delinquency cases
disposed o f by 67 courts and by 25 courts that served areas with 10,000 or more
Negro population 1 in 1 9 3 3 2
Delinquency cases
Courts reporting nativity and color
serving areas with 10,000 or more
Negro population *
All courts reporting nativity and
color*
Color and nativity of
child
Total
Number
Boys
Girls
Boys
PerTotal
Percent Num- cent
distri- ber
distribution
bution
Girls
PerPerNum- cent Num- cent
distri- ber distriber
bution
bution
53,200
45,921
100
7,279
100
36,351 31,695
100
4,656
100
41, 533
36,057
79
5,476
75
25,794 22,734
72
3,060
66
Native bom ________ 39,851
763
Foreign b o m _____Nativity not reported.
919
34,517
663
877
75
1
2
5,334
100
42
73
1
1
24,402 21,446
553
484
804
839
68
2
3
2,956
69
35
63
1
1
34
Total cases_____
White------- -------------------
11,667
9,864
21
1,803
25
10,557
8,961
28
1,596
N egro..------- ----------- 11,601
66
Other______________
9,815
49
21
(3)
1,786
17
25
(?)
10,548
9
8,955
6
28
(3)
1,593
3
Colored__________ _____
34
«
i According to the 1930 census.
* Of the 255 courts reporting delinquency cases, only 67 (66 of which reported boys’ cases) furnished infor
mation on nativity and color; of the courts reporting nativity and color, only 25 served areas with 10,000
or more Negro population.
* Less than 1 percent.
T a b l e 4.— Parent nativity of native white boys and girls dealt with in delinquency
cases disposed o f by 67 courts in 1933 1
Delinquency cases of native white children
Girls
Boys
Parent nativity
Total
Percent
Number distribu Number
tion
Percent
distribu
tion
39,851
34,517
Parent nativity reported----------- --------- ----------------
37,467
32,446
100
5,021
5,334
100
N ative parentage---- --------- --------------------------Foreign or mixed parentage.---------------------------
21,000
16,467
17,707
14,739
55
45
3,293
1,728
66
34
2,384
2,071
313
1 Of the 255 courts reporting delinquency cases, only 67 (66 of which reported boys’ cases) reported on
parent nativity.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
31
SUMM ARY TABLES
T a b l e 5.— Place where hoys and girls were living when referred to court in delinquency
cases disposed o f by 67 courts in 1933 1
Delinquency cases
Boys
Place child was living when referred to court
Total
Number
Girls
Percent
distribu- Number distribution
tion
Total cases__________________
63,200
45,921
Place reported............ ................ ......
60,634
43,752
aoo
6,782
In own home__________________
46,376
40, 713
93
5,663
84
With both own parents.........
With mother and stepfather.
With father and stepmother.
With mother only________ I
With father only___________
31,468
2,705
1,140
8,338
2,725
28,336
2,200
897
7,027
2,253
65
5
2
16
5
3,132
505
243
1,311
472
46
7
4
19
7
In other family home__________
In institution________ I____
In other place________________ _
3,223
414
521
2,382
273
384
5
1
1
841
141
137
12
2
2
Place not reported....... ......................
2,666
2,169
7,279
100
497
in fo rm a tio n r a to e w h e r e th e ^ u d w a fli^ to g w h e n re fe rr o d to ^ u r t.re*M)rte<* bo^ ’ — «> * n * t a d
T a b l e 6.— Marital status o f parents o f hoys and o f girls dealt with in delinquency
cases disposed of by 67 courts in 1933 1
Delinquency cases
Boys
Marital status of parents
Total
Percent
distri
bution
Number
43,102
100
6,637
100
31,955
11,059
28,682
67
21
3,273
1,987
49
30
1,131
6,350
892
5,359
2,821
2
12
7
239
991
757
4
15
11
11
1,177
18
4
551
192
47
387
8
3
1
6
Number
Total cases____
53,200
Status reported
Parents married and living together
One or both parents dead
iiotu aeaa___
Father dead..
Mother dead—
Girls
45,921
7,279
Parents separated..
Divorced___ _
Father deserting mother
Mother deserting father.
Other reason___
I AAI
1,196
208
1,693
Parents not married to each other
Other status__
776
Status not reported .
2
Less than 1 percent.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1,004
3,461
°"iy
579
10
(*)
4
1
«
2,819
<« « ' « ”■“
197
3
Percent
distri
bution
— - ■■
3
(*)
642
««««««I i w
«»)
furnished
32
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e 7 — Marital status of parents, classified according to place child was living when
referred to court; hoys’ and girls’ delinquency cases disposed of by 67 courts %n 1933
Delinquency cases
Place child was living when referred to court
In own home
Marital status of parents
Total
Total
Total cases..
Boys’ cases .
In
Not
In
In
other insti
With With
re
With moth father With
fam tu other port
Wit.h
both
place ed
and moth father ily
er
tion
own
home
er
step
and
par step moth only only
ents father
er
53,200 46,376 31,468
45,921 40,713 28,336
2,705
8,338
2,725 3,223
414
521
2,666
2,200
7,027
2,253 2,382
273
384
2,169
Parents married and liv
ing together__________ 28,682 28,306 28,306
Both parents dead....... .
892
1,200
Father dead------------------ 5,359 5,031
Mother dead----------------- 2,821 2,288
699
1,729
Parents divorced............. 1,9ul
4
909
Father deserting mother. 1,004
139
Mother deserting father..
161
Parents separated for
3
1,693 1,452
other reason................
Parents not married to
79
28
365
579
each other__________
..
1
10
Other status...................
215
493
Status not reported------- 2,819
505
3,132
5,663
7,279
Girls’ cases.—
Parents married and liv
ing together.'------------- 3,273 3,125
239
Both parents dead.........
890
991
Father dead----------------520
757
Mother dead---------------458
551
Parents divorced---------161
192
Father deserting mother
40
47
Mother deserting father..
Parents separated for
387
other reason. ............Parents not married to
197
each other------ ---------3
Other status------- -------642
Status not reported------
"n i
898
23
1,614
173
7
115
118
813
249
455
119
67
18
1,188
261
201
231
1
144
21
200
8
3,831
674
145
6
” n
243
1,311
” 62
472
198
49
41
32
27
12
8
2
3
134
12
2,164
841
137
497
66
212
3,125
255
193
635
190
41
2
185
158
67
186
71
330
38
1
32
22
5
229
74
58
87
” 38
49
2
489
cases) furnished
i r»f thfi 255 courts renorting delinquency cases, only 67 (66 of which reported boys
info?4atfon onTarital s r tu s o f parents and place child was living when referred to court
T a b l e 8 — Source of reference to court of delinquency cases disposed o f by 67 courts
in 1933 1
Delinquency cases
Source of reference to court
Number
Percent
distri
bution
Total cases----------------------- ------
53,200
Source reported--------------------------------
53,162
100
34,380
4,065
1,878
582
1,052
4,137
6,895
173
65
8
4
1
2
8
13
School department---------------------Probation officer------------------------Social agency----------------------------Parents or relatives--------------------Other source......... ............... ..........
Source not reported----------------------
(J)
38
Of the 255 courts reporting delinquincy cases, only 67 furnished information on source of reference to court
Less than 1 percent.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
33
SUMM ARY TABLES
T a b l e 9.— Reason fo r reference to court of boys and girls dealt with in delinquency
cases disposed o f by 255 courts in 1933 1
Delinquency cases
Boys
Reason for reference to court
Total
Number
Total cases_________________________
68,039
59,412
Reason reported...................... ......................
Automobile stealing...... ..........................
Burglary or unlawful entry___________
Hold-up________________________ ____
Other stealing________________________
Act of carelessness or mischief_________
Traffic violation______________________
Truancy_________________________ ____
Running away___________________ ____
Ungovernable________________ _______ _
Sex offense_____________________ ____
Injury to person______________ _____ _
Use, possession, or sale of liquor or drugs.
Other reason_________________________
Reason not reported______________________
67,590
1,666
7,930
365
17,410
17,784
1,743
3,891
4,190
5,967
2,578
1,855
418
1,793
449
59,025
1,660
7,817
354
16,508
17,021
1,657
2,959
3,076
3,435
965
1,584
336
1,653
387
Girls
Percent
distri
bution
Number
Percent
distri
bution
8,627
100
3
13
1
28
29
3
5
5
6
2
3
1
3
8,565
6
113
11
902
763
86
932
1,114
2,532
1,613
271
82
140
62
100
(2)
(>)
1
11
9
1
11
13
30
19
3
1
2
1 01 the 255 courts reporting delinquency cases, 246 reported boys’ cases and 226 reported girls’ cases
J Less than 1 percent.
T a b l e 10.— Reason fo r reference to court o f boys and girls o f each age period dealt
with in delinquency cases disposed o f by 67 courts in 1933 1
Delinquency cases
Reason for reference to
court, and sex of child
Age of child when referred to court
Total
Total cases__ _______
Boys’ cases_______
Under 10 10 years, 12 years, 14 years, 16 years, 18 years Age not
years
under 12 under 14 under 16 under 18 and over reported
53,200
2,898
6,179
12,561
20,837
9,891
355
479
. 45,921
2,612
5,752
11,271
17,548
8,014
270
454
1,479
5,448
278
12,544
11
254
9
625
30
702
26
1,648
145
1,397
64
3,454
701
2,224
103
4,647
560
846
29
17
3
8
2,079
60
31
13,731
1,101
2,281
2,822
2,754
763
1,162
1,144
2
64
119
231
36
69
2,121
4
160
276
418
77
147
3,749
17
432
584
642
129
279
5,159
218
1,066
1,002
1,043
276
459
1,393
833
538
581
392
223
183
55
25
9
10
20
18
5
110
2
12
250
8
4
20
34
14
286
4
108
31
427
502
78
3,289
2
20
3
274
137
6
1,877
3
3
2
128
108
53
223
240
506
516
41
1
3
3
11
28
36
29
25
1
1
Automobile stealing_______
Burglary or unlawful entry. _
Hold-up__________________
Other stealing____________
Act of carelessness or mischief____________________
Traffic violation___________
Truancy_______ __________
Running away____________
Ungovernable_________ _ .
Sex offense________________
Injury to person__________
Use, possession, or sale of
liquor or drugs__________
Other reason______________
Reason not reported______
Girls’ cases_________
Automobile stealing_______
Burglary or unlawful entry..
Hold-up.................... ..........
Other stealing____________
Act of carelessness or mischief....... ............................
Traffic violation____ ______
Truancy__________________
Running away____________
Ungovernable_____________
Sex offense________________
Injury to person______ ____
Use, possession, or sale of
liquor or drugs— ..............
Other reason.........................
Reason not reported.............
270
1,091
197
7,279
6
72
6
753
5
6
46
91
298
66
1,290
1
38
1
211
694
70
751
1,025
2,107
1,377
221
95
93
171
27
9
35
53
12
25
29
91
62
21
82
156
383
162
60
224
14
389
573
1,057
546
84
74
76
47
2
2
3
6
3
11
11
41
34
28
9
3
85
25
1
2
2
2
7
7
2
3
1 Of the 255 courts reporting delinquency cases, only 67 (66 of which reported boys’ cases) furnished infor
mation for correlating reason for reference to court and age of child.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
34
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e 11 .— Reason for reference to court, and color of boys and girls dealt with in
delinquency cases disposed o f by 67 courts in 1983 1
Delinquency cases
White children Colored children
Total
Reason for reference to court, and sex of child
Num Percent
Num Percent
Num Percent
distri
distri
distri
ber
ber
ber
bution
bution
bution
11,667
41,533
Total cases.
9,864
Boys’ cases___________________________
45 Q21
Reason reported. _,------------------------------------
45,724
100
35,919
100
9,805
100
1,479
5,448
278
12,544
13,731
1,101
2,281
2,822
2,754
763
1,162
270
1,091
3
12
1
27
30
2
5
6
6
2
3
1
2
1,237
4,231
169
9,177
11,138
1,039
1,928
2,321
2,085
644
788
232
930
3
12
(*)
26
31
3
5
6
6
2
2
1
3
242
1,217
109
3,367
2,593
62
353
501
669
119
374
38
161
2
12
1
34
26
1
4
5
7
1
4
Automobile stealing...................................
Burglary or unlawful entry— ......... - —
Hold-up_______________ ______ - ...........
Other stealing.................................. .........
Act of carelessness or mischief--------------Traffic violation_______________________
T ru a n cy ..................................................
Running away............ ..................- .........
Ungovernable________________________
Sex offense....................................- ...........
Injury to person______________________
Use, possession, or sale of liquor or drugs.
Other reason..............................................
36,057
1,803
5,476
Girls’ cases . . .
Reason reported— ..........................................
7,232
Automobile stealing----------------------------Burglary or unlawful entry--------- --------Hold-up.................................. - ................ .
Other stealing.......... —..................- ..........
Act of carelessness or mischief--------------Traffic violation---------------------------------Truancy...........- ...................................—
Running away................................. .........
U ngovernable_______ ;------------- ----------Sex offense__________________________ _
Injury to person---------------------- -----Use, possession, or sale of liquor or drugs.
' Other reason_________________________
6
72
6
753
694
70
751
1,025
2,107
1,377
221
74
76
(*)
0)
5
39
2
547
477
69
672
837
1,461
1,150
71
63
54
1
10
10
l
10
14
29
19
3
1
1
(*>
1
(*>
10
9
1
12
15
27
21
1
1
1
100
1,785
1
33
4
206
217
1
79
188
646
227
150
11
22
(»)
(2)
(*)
2
12
12
4
11
36
13
8
1
1
18
29
47
Reason not reported.
100
5,447
100
2
59
138
Reason not reported
«
i Of the 255 courts reporting delinquency cases, only 67 (66 of which reported boys’ cases) furnished infor
mation for correlating reason for reference to court and color of child.
* Less than 1 percent.
T a b l e 12 .— Court experience of boys and girls dealt with in delinquency cases dis
posed of by 67 courts in 1933 1
Delinquency cases
Girls
Boys
Court experience
Number
45,921
First 1933 court experience........................- ..................................
Percent
Percent
distribu Number distribu
tion
tion
100
7,279
100
87
6,761
93
65
22
5,767
980
14
79
13
13
518
39,834
Child having no court experience previous to 1933-----------Child having one or more court experiences previous to 1933.
Court experience previous to 1933 not reported— .......... .
29,748
10,056
30
Subsequent 1933 court experience.................................................
6,087
(!)
0
7
1 Of the 255 courts reporting delinquenc y cases, only 67 (66 of which reported boys cases) furnished infor
mation on previous cou rt experience.
» Less than 1 percent.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
35
SUMM ARY TABLES
T a b l e 13.— P la ce o f care p en d in g hearing or d isp o sitio n , a n d age o f b o y s and g irls
dealt with i n d elin q u en cy cases d isp o sed o f b y 6 7 courts i n 1 9 3 3 1
Delinquency cases
Age of child when referred to court
Total
Under 14
years
Place of care and sex of child
14 years,
under 16
16 years,
under 18
Per
Per
Per
Num cent Num cent Num cent Num
distri
distri ber distri
ber
ber
ber
bu
bu
bu
tion
tion
tion
Total cases________
'
18 years
and over
Age
not
Per
Per re
cent Num cent port
distri ber distri ed
bu
bu
tion
tton
53,200
21,638
20,837
9,891
355
479
45,921
19,635
17,548
8,014
270
454
45,432
100 19,500
100 17,444
100 8,003
100
270
100
215
28,796
63 13,351
68 10.657
61 4,444
56
157
58
187
16,636
37
6,149
32
6,787
39 3,559
44
113
42
28
Boarding home or
other family home.
345
Detention hom e3___ 11,708
Other institution___
3,242
Jail or police station 4_ 1,135
Other place of care *..
206
1
26
7
2
(?)
134
4,561
1,347
61
46
1
23
7
(3)
(’ )
166
4,592
1,731
250
48
1
44
26 2,464
10
159
1
785
107
(3)
31
2
10
1
74
3
33
2
(J)
27
1
12
i
17
2
6
3
Boys’ cases_____
_
Report on detention care
No detention care______
Detention care overnight
or longer_____________
No report on detention care _.
Girls’ cases___________
Report on detention care
No detention care........
Detention care overnight
or longer........................
Boarding home or
other family home.
Detention hom e3___
Other institution__
Jail or police station4_
Other place of care *..
Place of care not reported____ _______
No report on detention care—
489
135
104
11
7,279
2,003
3,289
1,877
3,263
100 1,871
7,218
100
1,977
100
289
85
100
85
25
100
22
3,895
54
1,240
63
1,550
48 1,051
56
40
47
14
3,323
46
737
37
1,713
52
820
44
45
53
8
120
2,047
1,039
77
39
2
28
14
1
1
20
419
277
11
9
1
21
14
1
2
30
20
1
46
592
117
46
19
2
32
6
2
1
43
2
51
2
4
2
1
(a)
54
989
641
19
10
1
(3)
1
61
(3)
26
26
(3)
6
i
3
Of the 255 courts reporting delinquency cases, only 67 (66 of which reported boys’ cases) furnished infor
mation for correlating place of detention care and age of child.
2 Less than 1 percent.
3 Includes cases of children cared for part of the time in detention homes and part of the time elsewhere,
but excludes cases of children also held in jails or police stations.
4 Includes a few cases of children cared for part of the time in jails or police stations and part of the time
elsewhere.
3
Includes a few cases of children held in more than 1 place of care but in places other than detention homes,
jails, or police stations.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
36
JU V ENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e 14 — D isp o s itio n and m a n n er o f handling d elin q u en cy cases d isp o sed o f by
2 5 5 courts i n 1 9 8 3 1
Delinquency cases
Unofficial
Official
Total
Disposition of case
Percent Num Percent Num Percent
distri
distri
distri
ber
ber
bution
bution
bution
Num
ber
100
68,039
Child kept under supervision of court-.......................
36
24, 241
46,672
100
21,367
100
21,396
46
2,845
13
2,707
63
75
13
Probation officer supervising-................................. 22,422
858
Agency or individual supervising— ......................
961
Under temporary care of an institution............ —
33
1
1
19,715
795
886
42
2
2
Child not kept under supervision of court------- -------- 38,567
57
20,821
45
17,746
83
12,764
27
14,954
70
1
1
2,688
2,107
98
403
463
6
5
1
1
1
2
2
1
167
390
306
887
270
278
1
1
2
1
1
214
542
167
290
1,376
203
1
3
1
1
6
1
8
4,455
10
776
4
41
Case dismissed or adjusted..................................... 27,718
Committed to:
State institution for delinquents------------------ 2,688
2,107
Other institution for delinquents----------------98
Penal institution..------ -----------------------------403
Other institution-.......... - ................ - - - ...........
463
Agency or individual.......... .............................
Referred without commitment to:
381
Institution.------ --------- -----------------------------932
Agency or individual------- ------------------- -----473
Referred to other court............— .......................—
1,177
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered---------------------Runaway returned........... - ................... - ............... 1,646
481
Other disposition of case.........................................
5,231
Case held open without further action............... ...........
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
i Of the 255 courts reporting delinquency cases, 254 reported official cases and 71 reported unofficial cases.
i Less than 1 percent.
T a b l e 1 5 — D isp o s itio n o f cases o f bo ys and o f girls o f each age p eriod dealt w ith in
d elin q u en cy cases d isp o sed o f b y 6 7 courts m ltfo o
Delinquency cases
Age of child when referred to court
Disposition of case, and sex of child
18
years
and
over
Age
not
re
ported
Total
Under
10
years
10
years,
under
12
12
years,
under
14
14
years,
under
16
16
years,
under
18
Total cases............................... 53,200
2,898
6,179
12,561
20,837
9,891
355
479
45,921
2,612
5,752
11,271
17,548
8,014
270
454
155
24
Boys’ cases__________________
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open
1,769
506
3,400
1,478
5,878
3,459
8,926
5,450
4,009
2,306
152
59
127
396
972
1,736
746
20
8
103
50
57
286
214
115
149
427
419
245
298
1,290
534
374
528
3,289
198
183
572
1,877
5
7
27
85
2
22
243
25
2,921
2,286
199
48
244
99
511
415
1,138
1,196
786
511
34
15
9
2
1,224
16
40
216
608
328
13
3
24,289
Supervised’ by probation officer------ 13,282
Committed or referred to an insti4,005
Committed or referred to an agency
1,475
996
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered.. .
1.874
7,279
Girls’ cases---------------------------Dismissed, adjusted, or held open
Supervised by probation officer.....
Committed or referred to an instiCommitted or referred to an agency
2
9
122
194
89
23
13
452
3
8
11
6
3
3
34
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered...
6
122
142
53
14
18
7
362
Other disposition_________________
t Of the 255 courts reporting delinquency cases, only 67 (66 of which reported boys’ cases) furnished infor
mation for correlating disposition of case and age of child.
1
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
37
SU M M A R Y T A B L E S
T able
16.— D is p o s itio n and rea son f o r
reference to court o f b o y s ’ a n d
d elin q u en cy cases d isp o sed o f b y 6 7 courts i n 1 9 3 3 1
g irls’
Delinquency cases
1
re
Other reason
Reason not
ported
Use, possession,
or sale of liquor |
or drugs
Injury to person
Sex offense
Ungovernable
Running away
Truancy
Traffic violation
Stealing
Total
Disposition of case, and sex of
child
Act of carelessness
or mischief
Reason for reference to court
Total cases_______________ 53,200 20,586 14,425 1,171 3,032 3,847 4,861 2,140 1,383
344 1,167 244
Boys’ cases.............................. 45,921 19, 749 13,731 1,101 2,281 2,822 2,754
763 1,162
270 1,091 197
696 1,037
395 1,004
314
289
684
277
135
80
257
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open
without further action_________ 24,289 7,332 11,237
Supervised by probation officer__ 13,282 8,676 1,535
Committed or referred to an institution________________________ 4,005 2,475
253
Committed or referred to an
agency or individual_______ ... 1,475
622
145
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered— 996
363
476
Other disposition________________ 1,874
281
85
837
Girls’ cases............................. 7,279
694
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open
355
without further action_________ 2,921
558
331
Supervised by probation officer.. . 2,286
102
Committed or referred to an institution____________________ ___ 1.224
96
13
Committed or referred to an
452
32
12
agency or individual____ ______
11
34
6
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered—
362
12
Other disposition_______ ________
3
809 1,052
147 683
4
241
105
91
34
2
44
95
70
293 140 170
29
5
3
8
7
7 1,331
17
19
751 1,025 2,107 1,377
27
69
14
221
9
9
3
74
38
11
1
22 ___
76 47
54
5
442
203
190
334
750
718
380
446
121
63
29
34
31
24
11
26
1
40
189
457
381
16
6
16
9
1
56
5
5
58
164
1
17
115
8
11
2
3
2
1
2
3....
9
254
518
846 147
153 43
55
21
9
1
Of the 255 courts reporting delinquency cases, only 67 (66 of which reported boys’ cases) furnished infor
mation for correlating disposition of case and reason for reference to court.
T a b l e 17 .— D isp o s itio n o f case classified according to color o f b o y s a n d girls dealt
with i n d elin q u en cy cases d isp o sed o f b y 6 7 courts i n 1 9 3 3 1
Delinquency cases
Disposition of case, and sex of child
Total
Number
White children
Percent
distri
bution
Number
36,057
Total cases__________ _____ ______
53,200
Boys’ cases........... ...............................
45,921
100
24,289
13,282
4,005
53
29
9
1,475
996
1,874
3
2
4
7,279
2,921
2,286
1,224
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open without further action___ ____ ______ ____ _
Supervised by probation officer_________
Committed or referred to an institution.
Committed or referred to an agency or
individual______ ____ ________ _______
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered_______
Other disposition............... ......................
Girls’ cases_______ ______ _________
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open without further action___________ ___ ____
Supervised by probation officer_________
Committed or referred to an institution..
Committed or referred to an agency or
individual______________________ ____
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered_______
Other disposition___ __________________
452
34
362
Colored children
Percent
distri
bution
41,533
(2)
Number
Percent
distri
bution
11,667
100
9,864
100
19,537
10,466
2,838
54
29
8
4,752
2,816
1,167
48
29
12
879
765
1,572
2
2
4
596
231
302
6
2
3
100
5,476
100
1,803
100
40
31
17
2,156
1,723
960
39
31
18
765
563
264
42
31
15
6
322
22
293
6
130
12
69
7
1
4
5
(2)
5
i
Of the 255 courts reporting delinquency cases, only 67 (66 of which reported boys’ cases) furnished
information for correlating disposition of case and color of child.
1 Less than 1 percent.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
38
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
DEPEN D EN CY AND NEGLECT CASES
T a b l e 18.— A g e o f children dealt with in d ep e n d en c y a n d neglect cases d isp o se d o f
b y 1 7 2 courts i n 1 9 8 3
Depen dency and
negle 3t cases
Age of child when referred to court
Number
Percent
distribu
tion
21,605
Age reported------------ -----------------------
21,524
100
Under 2 years___________________
2 years, under 4— -----------4 years, under 6-------------------------6 years, under 8-------------------------8 years, under 10-----------------------10 years, under 12— ---------- -----12 years, under 14 ------------------14 years, under 16 -------------------16 years and over___________ ____
2,481
2,421
2,700
2,920
2,976
2,736
2,566
1,984
740
12
11
13
14
14
13
12
9
3
81
T a b l e 19.— R e a so n f o r referen ce to court o f children dealt w ith i n d ep en d en cy and
neglect cases d isp o sed o f b y 1 7 2 cou rts i n 1 9 8 8
Dependency and
neglect cases
Reason for reference to court
Percent
distribu
tion
Number
Without adequate care or support from parent or guarLiving under conditions injurious to morals---------------Physically handicapped and in need of public care------
21,605
100
15,907
2,259
2,215
684
477
63
74
10
10
3
2
(')
i Less than 1 percent.
T a b l e 20. — C olor and n a tiv ity o f children dealt w ith i n d ep en d en c y and neglect cases
d isp o sed o f b y 6 1 cou rts i n 1 9 8 3 1
Dependency and
neglect cases
Color and nativity of child
Number
Percent
distribu
tion
Total cases____________________
17,768
100
White_____________ ____ ______ ____ -
15,278
86
Native born.......... . . ........... ...........
Foreign bom . . . _________________
Nativity not reported___________
14,903
282
93
84
2
1
2,490
14
2,401
89
14
1
Colored_________ ____ ______________
Negro................... .......................... O ther.............................................
i Of the 172 courts reporting dependency and neglect cases, only 61 furnished information on color and
nativity of child.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
39
SUMM ARY TABLES
T a b l e 21. — Place child was living when referred to court in dependency and neglect
cases disposed o f by 61 courts in 1988 1
Dependency and
neglect cases
Place child was living when referred to court
Number
Percent
distribu
tion
17,768
Place reported____________________ _____ ___
16,448
In own home___________ _____ __________
11,382
74
4,160
300
220
4,379
2,323
27
2
1
28
15
3,190
656
220
21
4
1
With
With
With
With
With
both own parents___ __________
mother and stepfather_______ _
father and stepmother____ _____
mother only............ .....................
father only____________ ___ . . .
In other family h o m e __________________
In other place__________________________
100
2,320
1 Of the 172 courts reporting dependency and neglect cases, only 61 furnished information on place child
was living when referred to court.
T a b l e 22. — Marital status o f parents o f children referred to court in dependency and
neglect cases disposed o f by 61 courts in 1 9 3 3 1
Dependency and
neglect cases
Marital status of parents
Percent
Number distribution
17,768
Status reported__________ __________________
15,251
100
Parents married and living together______
One or both parents dead________________
4,292
3,702
28
24
Both dead______________________ . . .
488
1,153
2,061
3
8
14
Mother dead.............. ...... .....................
Parents separated__
_____________ ____
5,574
37
Divorced.._________________________
Father deserting mother_____________
Mother deserting father__ ___________
Other reasons________ ______________
1,030
1,053
497
2,994
7
7
3
20
Parents not married to each oth er........... .
Other status____________________________
1,645
38
11
(?)
2,517
1 Of the 172 courts reporting dependency and neglect cases, only 61 furnished information on marital
status of parents.
2 Less than 1 percent.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
40
JU V EN ILE-CO U R T STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e 23. — Marital status o f parents, classified according to place child was living
when referred to court, in dependency and neglect cases disposed o f by 61 courts
in 1983 1
Dependency and neglect cases
Total cases________________
Parents married and living together.
Both parents dead...........................
Father dead...... ............................
Mother dead____________________
Parents divorced________________
Father deserting mother.................
Mother deserting father__________
Parents separated for other reasons.
Parents not married to each other...
Other status_____________________
Status not reported............. ............
Eh
17,768 11,382 4,160
«Si».
3°
S
300
”3
a®
Not reported
Eh
o ^5
S
Ma
<D
a to
S t)
fe
r* a
a!
In other place
■2
•a a
o,
In institution
In own home
Marital status of parents
In other family home
Place child was living when referred to court
220 4,379 2,323 3,190 656 220 2,320
4,292 4,102 4,102
488
1,153
903
2,061 1,212
1,030
750
1,053
871
497
421
2,994 2,174
1,645
58
878
38
2,517
71
776
166
1,046
44 "427 155
861
10
37 384
1,494 680
746
46
10 ” "38
88 90
410 46
194 44
738 86
224 49
148 28
58
8
659 99
565 170
31
5
75 31
12
32
12
25
2
5
6
10
1
61
29
3
2
26 2,314
1 Of the 172 courts reporting dependency and neglect cases, only 61 furnished information on marital status
of parents and place child was living when referred to court.
T a b l e 24. — Source of reference to court o f fam ilies represented in dependency and
neglect cases disposed o f by 61 courts in 1938 1
Source of reference to court
Families represented
in depe ndency and
neglect cases
Percent
Number distribution
Total cases___________________
10,388
Source reported_____ _______________
10,382
100
Parents or relatives__________ . .
Social agency______________
Individual_________ ___________
Police____________________
Probation officer___________ .
School department__ ___________
Other source___ _____ __________
4,119
3,607
962
808
471
325
90
40
35
9
8
5
3
1
Source not reported______________
6
1 Of the 172 courts reporting dependency and neglect cases, only 61 furnished information on number of
families represented
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
41
STJMMAKY TABLES
T a b l e 25. — Reason for reference to court and number o f fam ilies represented in
dependency and neglect cases disposed o f by 61 courts in 1988 1
Dependency and neglect cases
Families represented
Reason for reference to court
Total
cases
Percent
Number distribution
Total cases________________ ____ __________________
17,768
10,388
Without adequate care or support from parent or guardian.
Abandonment or desertion________________________ _____
Abuse or cruel treatment_______________________________
Living under conditions injurious to morals______________
Physically handicapped and in need of public care_______
Other reason_______________ _______ _____ ____________
13,603
589
397
1,874
1,274
31
7,548
350
262
957
1,246
25
100
(»)
1 Of the 172 courts reporting dependency and neglect cases, only 61 furnished information on number of
families represented.
2 Less than 1 percent.
T a b l e 26. — Place o f care of child pending hearing or disposition in dependency and
neglect cases disposed o f by 61 courts in 1938 1
Dependency and
neglect cases
Place of detention care
Percent
Number distribution
17,768
Report on detention care__________________ _______
17, 256
100
No detention care _________________________ ___
Detention care overnight or longer___ __________
11, 227
6,029
65
35
Boarding home or other family home. _______
Detention hom e2. . ________________ _ ___
Other institution._ . ______________________
Jail or police station____________________ ___
Other place of care________ ______________ ..
548
1,293
4,163
5
20
3
7
24
m
(8)
512
1 Of the 172 courts reporting dependency and neglect cases, only 61 furnished information on place of
detention care.
1 Includes cases of children cared for part of the time in detention homes and part of the time elsewhere,
but excludes cases of children also held in jails or police stations.
» Less than 1 percent.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
42
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e 27. — Disposition and manner of handling dependency and neglect cases
disposed o f hy 172 courts in 1933 1
Dependency and neglect cases
Disposition of case
Unofficial
Official
Total
Percent Num Percent
Num Percent
distri
distri Num
distri
ber
ber
ber
bution
bution
bution
Total cases___________________ ____ _________ 21,605
100
18,018
100
3,587
100
5,970
28
5,747
32
223
6
3,204
1,801
965
15
8
4
3,055
1,754
938
17
10
5
149
47
27
4
1
1
Child not kept under supervision of court__________
14,627
68
11,530
64
3,097
86
Case dismissed or adjusted____________________
Committed to:
6,129
28
3,673
20
2,456
68
234
2,352
l' 063
1,075
'497
1
11
5
5
2
234
2,352
1, 063
1* 075
'497
1
13
6
6
3
Referred without commitment to:
Institution_______________________________
Agency or individual_________________ ____
Referred to other court—------- -------------------------Other disposition of case_______________________
1,423
918
119
817
7
4
1
4
1,376
416
72
772
8
2
4
47
502
47
45
1
14
1
1
1,008
5
741
4
267
7
Child kept under supervision of court--................. .
Probation officer supervising___ ____ ___________
Agency or individual supervising______________
Under temporary care of an institution.................
Case held open without further action--------------------
(»)
1 Of the 172 courts reporting dependency and neglect cases, 169 reported official cases and 40 reported
unofficial cases.
1 Less than 1 percent.
SPECIAL-PROCEEDINGS CASES
T a b l e 28. — Type of special-proceedings cases disposed o f hy 62 courts in 1933
Type of case
Total— ....... - ____ __________________
Material witness1____ ____________________
Care of feeble-minded child—____________ —
Adoption proceedings_____________________
Custody or guardianship proceedings______
Permission to marry______________________
Permission to enlist in Army or Navy______
Number
Percent
distribu
tion
1,192
100
461
1 373
126
92
86
9
3 45
39
31
11
8
7
1
4
1 Reported by the following courts only: New York City; Westchester County, N. Y .; Hamilton
County, Ohio; Pierce County, Wash.; and Philadelphia, Pa.
* In all but 23 of the cases, court action was brought for the purpose of committing the child to an insti
tution for the feeble-minded.
3
Includes 14 cases of action in juvenile court to terminate parental rights or to declare child eligible for
adoption, prior to adoption proceedings in another court.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
43
SUMM ARY TABLES
CASES OF CHILDREN DISCHARGED FR O M SUPERVISION
T a b l e 29. — Reason for discharge in cases o f delinquent and o f dependent and
neglected children discharged from supervision by 92 courts in 1938 1
Cases of children discharged from
super vision
Reason for discharge
Dependent and
neglected
Delinquent
Number
Percent
distri
bution
13,523
Number
Percent
distri
bution
3,395
Reason reported___________ ____ ____ _______________ __ . . .
13,520
100
3,394
100
Conduct of child satisfactory or conditions improved_____
Expiration of period specified by court— ............... .............
Order of court fulfilled__________ ________ ______________
Conduct of child or conditions unsatisfactory but further
supervision not advised______________________________
Child committed or referred to an institution______ _____
Child committed or referred to an agency or individual___
Referred to other court________________________________
Whereabouts of child unknown or child moved from jurisdiction of court............................................................... —
Other reason____________________ ______ _______________
8,466
1,797
329
63
13
2
2,281
72
25
67
2
1
284
1,533
209
59
2
11
2
79
277
407
19
2
8
12
1
3
3
157
77
5
2
(»)
445
398
1
3
1 Of the 92 courts reporting supervision cases, 91 reported delinquency cases, and 34 reported dependency
and neglect cases.
3 Less than 1 percent.
T a b l e 30. — Length of time child was under supervision in cases of delinquent and
o f dependent and neglected children discharged from supervision by 92 courts
in 1933 1
Cases of children discharged from
supervision
Duration of supervision
Dependent and
neglected
Delinquent
Percent
distri
bution
Number
13,519
100
3,395
100
4,249
4,529
2,653
888
786
414
31
34
20
7
6
3
1,016
853
426
319
354
427
30
25
13
9
10
13
Number
13,523
18"months, less than 2 years____________________________
Percent
distri
bution
3,395
4
1 Of the 92 courts reporting supervision cases, 91 reported delinquency cases, and 34 reported dependency
and neglect cases.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
SO U RC E TABLES— JU V E N IL E -C O U R T STA TISTIC S, 1933
DELINQUENCY, DEPENDENCY AND NEGLECT, AND SPECIAL-PROCEEDINGS CASES,
AND CASES OF CHILDREN DISCHARGED FRO M SUPERVISION
T a b l e I a .— Number o f boys’ and girls’ delinquency, dependency and neglect, and
special-proceedings cases disposed of, and number o f cases o f children discharged
from supervision by courts in 6 States, by 80 courts that served specified areas with
100.000 or more population, and by 204 courts that served areas with less than
100.000 population in 19 331
Delinquency cases Dependency and
neglect cases
Cases of children
discharged from
supervision
Special-proceed
ings cases
Area served by court
Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls
Total cases ».
68,039 59,412 8,627 21,605 11,048 10,557 31,192
State totals:3
Connecticut—
Massachusetts.
New Jersey__
New York____
Rhode Island.
Utah_________
w it h
100,000 OB
MOBE POPULATION_____
3,852 3,459
393
930
442
488
6,189 5,798
391
4,301 3,799
502
11,823 10, 413 1,410 8,871 4,681 4,190
551
513
38
2,074 1,723
351
169
79
90
269
520 * 16,928 13,128 3,800
490
115
375
8
4
4
58,972 51,391 7,581 18,129 9,376 8,753 1,119
254
1,205 1,100
105
1,487 1,336
151
788
654
134
A beas
Alabama: Mobile County
(Mobile)......................
California:
San Diego County
(San Diego)..............
San Francisco (city
and county)_______
Colorado: Denver (city
and county)_________
Connecticut:
Bridgeport (city)........
Hartford (city)______
New Haven (city)___
District of Columbia
(Washington)________
Florida: Dade County
(Miami)____________
Georgia: Fulton County
(A tlanta)...................
Indiana:
Lake County (Gary)..
Marion County (In
dianapolis)________
Vanderburgh County
(Evansville)_______
Iowa: Polk County (Des
Moines)_____________
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish (Shreve
port) .........................
Orleans Parish (New
Orleans)_____ ____ _
Maryland: Baltim ore
(city)............................I
165
139
26
20
1,327 1,132
8
462 15,056 11,564 3,492
12
30
30
195
393
163
230
44
30
14
307
231
76
529
130
490
234
256
9
8
1
367
255
112
993
684
309
378
671
255
323
609
246
55
62
9
58
119
95
30
63
46
28
56
49
659
1,646 1,451
41
41
86
168
Ì58
79
148
152
7
20
6
195
256
144
112
766
603
163
395
117
472
238
234
301
195
106
1,039
880
159
193
90
103
290
209
81
150
58
92
835
653
182
189
100
89
83
59
24
605
495
110
354
176
343
258
85
190
838
750
88
187
3,073 2,812
261
471
256
215
512
236
198
38
1
1
109
71
38
62
45
17
178
1
1
211
142
69
107
83
52
27
25
113
74
9
5
4
135
127
8
478
355
123
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
2 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
3 Includes 403 cases for 1 court which did not report boys’ and girls’ cases separately.
* Includes 13,523 delinquency cases, 3,395 dependency and neglect cases, and 10 other cases.
44
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
45
SOURCE TABLES
Number of boys’ and girls’ delinquency, dependency and neglect, and
special-proceedings cases disposed of, and number o f cases o f children discharged
from supervision by courts in 6 States, by 80 courts that served specified areas with
100.000 or more population, and by 204 courts that served areas with less than
100.000 population in 1938— Continued
T able Ia .
Delinquency cases Dependency and
neglect cases
Area served by court
Cases of children
discharged from
supervision
Special-proceed
ings cases
Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls
A r e a s w i t h 100,000 o r
MORE POPUJ.A TION—
Continued.
Massachusetts:5
Boston:
Boston (central sec
tion) ____________
764
828
Brighton.............
72
63
Charlestown_______
93
91
Dorchester........ ......
146
134
East Boston_______
351
330
Roxbury__________
292
273
South Boston...........
188
181
West Roxbury_____
132
130
Second district of Bris
tol (Fall River)____
243
230
Third district of Bris
tol (New Bedford)..
175 • 167
Law rence d istrict
(Lawrence).............
107
100
Southern Essex dis
trict (Lynn)_______
119
108
S p rin g fie ld district
(Springfield).............
243
225
First district of eastern
Middlesex(Medford).
251
257
Third district of east
ern Middlesex (Cam
bridge)......................
232
251
Lowell district (Lo
well)....... .................
148
139
East Norfolk district
(Quincy)....... ...........
178
172
Somerville district
(Somerville)_______
90
85
Central district of Wor
cester (Worcester)__
385
358
Michigan:
Kent County (Grand
Rapids)___________
412
470
Wayne County (De
troit)______________ 2,615 2,381
Minnesota:
H ennepin C oun ty
(Minneapolis)____
940
775
Ramsey County (St.
Paul)........................
406
352
New Jersey:6
Atlantic County (At
163
lantic City)________
141
Bergen Comity (Gar
field).........................
277
228
Camden C ou n ty
(Camden)........ ........
305
258
Essex County (New
ark)_______________ 1,180 1,060
Hudson County (Jer
sey City)______ . . . .
876
745
Mercer County (Tren
ton)....... ...................
434
406
M iddlesex C ounty
(Perth Am boy)____
265
247
Morris County (Mor
ristown) . ________
45
40
Passaic County (Pat
erson)_____________
165
145
Union County (Eliza
beth).....................
529
591
64
9
2
12
21
19
7
2
13
8
7
11
18
6
19
9
6
5
27
58
184
98
86
234
477
253
224
165
331
181
150
838
575
263
54
192
100
92
346
266
80
2
1
4
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1,784 1,275
509
22
18
18
49
35
31
4
47
96
86
10
120
471
429
42
131
228
192
36
28
209
198
11
18
164
156
8
5
13
11
2
20
67
56
11
62
186
159
27
5Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Rhode Island reported only delinquency cases.
51030°— 36-
1
46
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e I a .— Number o f boys’ and girls’ delinquency, dependency and neglect, and
special-proceedings cases disposed of, and number o f cases o f children discharged
from supervision by courts in 6 States, by 80 courts that served specified areas with
100.000 or more population, and by 204 courts that served areas with less than
100.000 population in 193 1— Continued
Delinquency cases
Cases of children
discharged from
supervision
Special-proceed
ings cases
Dependency and
neglect cases
Area served by court
Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls
A
'w i t h 100,000 o b
MOKE POPULATION—
reas
Continued.
New York:
Albany County (Al
bany)........................
Broome County(Binghamton)___________
Chautauqua County
(Jamestown)_______
D u tch ess C o u n ty
(Poughkeepsie)____
Erie County (Buffalo).
M on roe C o u n ty
(Rochester)..............
New York (city).........
Niagara County (Ni
agara Falls)_______
Oneida County (Utica).
Rensselaer County
(Troy)......................
Schenectady County
(Schenectady)_____
Suffolk County (Patchogue)....................
Syracuse (city)............
Westchester County
(Yonkers)..... ...........
Ohio:
Franklin County (Co
lumbus)___________
H a m ilton C ou n ty
(Cincinnati)--.........
M ahoning C ounty
(Youngstown)-------Montgomery County
(D a y to n )................
Oregon: M ultnom ah
County (Portland)___
Pennsylvania:
A llegheny C ounty
(Pittsburgh).............
Berks County (Read
ing)............ .........-~
Montgomery County
(Norristown)---------Philadelphia (city and
county).....................
Rhode Island: Sixth dis
trict (Providence)5—
South Carolina: Green
ville County (Green
ville)________________
Utah: Third d i s t r i c t
(Salt Lake City)_____
Virginia: Norfolk (city).
Washington:
Pierce County (Ta
coma)_____________
S p o k a n e C o u n ty
(Spokane)-------------Wisconsin: Milwaukee
County (Milwaukee).
A
reas
w it h
less
th an
100,000 POPULATION___
591
532
143
171
7,727 6,854
134
93
48
277
154
123
5
18
188
101
87
4
21
72
40
32
2
59
351
140
194
74
157
66
6
23
54
49
103
28
873 4,402 2,353 2,049
52
106
46
92
1
4
4
2
1
5
5
18
148
7
180
201
3,188 2,335
21
853
33
2
155
290
61
229
5
12
2
5
10
1
3
4
191
181
10
43
378
310
68
235
177
58
17
40
08
198
41
124
52
72
1
21
111
62
49
4
1
91
206
83
190
8
16
98
50
48
4
397
341
56
556
328
228
77
34
336
259
4
3
2,298 1,841
457
274
112
162
43
151
83
68
2
35
1
43
1
1
454
322
132
285
143
142
1
1
59
43
16
993
882
111
685
342
343
37
24
13
390
316
74
7Ô3
382
381
83
80
3
6
2
4
5
4
1
11
11
2
55
31
24
854
591
6,787 6,119
208
668 2,347 1,167 1,180
403
(8)
(s)
263
208
107
93
14
87
43
44
17
4
13
65
51
14
1,093
899
743
194
118
109
Ilf
55
5C
54
6f
5
2
3
323
304
256
24£
67
55
757
559
198
127
51
76
17
12
5
209
87
122
29
18
11
779
414
365
5
5
9,067 8,021 1,046 3,476 1,672 1,804
73
15
58
1,872 1,564
308
40
33
10
5
30
28
846
1,026
654
910
192
116
31
3,756 3,256
50,000, less than 100,000.. 4,270 3,727
Less than 50,000...... ........ 4,797 4,294
500
543 1,563
503 1,913
752
920
811
993
5 Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Rhode Island reported onlv delinquency cases.
6 Not separately reported.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
47
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e I b .— Number of delinquency, dependency and neglect, and special-proceed
ings cases disposed of, and number of cases o f children discharged from supervision
by 204 courts that served specified areas with less than 100,000 population in 1933 1
Area served by court
Total.
Alabama: Etowah County.
Connecticut:
Ansonia (city ).............
Avon (to w n ).......... ...
Berlin (town)________
Bethel (town)________
Bloomfield (town)____
Branford (town)______
Bristol (city)_________
Brookfield (town)_____
Brooklyn (town)_____
Canaan (town) 2______
Canterbury (town)___
Cheshire (town) 2_____
Clinton (town)_______
Colchester (town)_____
Colebrook (town) 2____
Coventry (town)_____
Cromwell (town) 2____
Danbury (city).............
Darien (town)________
Derby (city).................
East Hampton (town).
East Hartford (town)—.
East Haven (town)___
East Windsor (tow n)2.
Ellington (town) 2____
Enfield (town)_______
Fairfield (town)______
Farmington (borough).
Glastonbury (town)___
Granby (town)_______
Greenwich (town)____
Groton (town)________
Guilford (town) 2_____
Hamden (town)______
Harwinton (town)____
Killingly (town)______
Lebanon (town)______
Litchfield (town) 2____
Manchester (town)___
Meriden (city)...... .......
Middletown (city)____
Milford (town)______
Montville (town)_____
Naugatuck (borough). .
New Britain (city)____
New Canaan (town)__
Newington (town)____
New London (city)......
Norfolk (town)_______
North Haven (town) 2_.
Norwalk (city)_______
Norwich (city)_______
Orange (town)________
Plainfield (town)_____
Plainville (town)_____
Plymouth (town)_____
Pomfret (town)_______
Portland (town)______
Preston (town)_______
Putnam (city)-----------Rockville (city)_______
Rocky Hill (town)____
Salem (town)-------------Saybrook (town) 2.........
Seymour (town)— .......
Sharon (town)— .........
Shelton (city)------------Simsbury (town)_____
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
Delin
quency
cases
9,067
Depend
ency and
neglect
cases
Specialproceed
ings cases
Cases of
children
discharged
from super
vision
3,476
73
1,872
106
99
.....
171
13
4
389
1
1
313
1
167
77
, _ ,,
...
_
.
2 Cases are for specified area although probate court serving this area and dealing with dependency and
neglect cases has jurisdiction over wider territory.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
48
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e I b .— Number of delinquency, dependency and neglect, and special-proceed
ings cases disposed of, and number o f cases o f children discharged from supervision
by 20If. courts that served specified areas with less than 100,000 population in 1933—
Continued
Area served by court
C onnect icut—Continued.
Southington (town)____________________________
Stafford Springs (borough)........... . .......................—
Stamford (city)....... ..................................................
Stonington (town)..............- --------- ------------ --------Stratford (town)_______________________________
Suffleld (town)_________________________ _______
Thomaston (town)............................................... .
Torrington (city)...................— ...............................
Wallingford (tow n )!____ :______________________
Washington (town)____________________________
Waterbury (city)..........................................—.........
Waterford (town)_________ ;_____________ ____
Watertown (town)_______________ _____ ________
West Hartford (to w n )-..------- -------------------- -----West Haven (town)____________________________
Westport (town)_______ _______________________
Wethersfield (town)_________________ __________
Williinantic (city)_____________________________
Willington (town)*.._____________________ _____
Winchester (town)___________________________ _
W indsor (town)_________ ______ _______________
Windsor Locks (town)________________ ____ ____
Wolcott (town)_____________ ____ ______________
Woodbridge (town)____________________________
Woodstock (town)_________________ ____ _______
Illinois:
La Salle County_____________ ____ ________ _____
Rock Island County_______________________ ___
Iowa: Johnson County................. .............. ...................
Massachusetts: 54 courts (not separately reported)___
Michigan: Muskegon County................. ................... .
New York:
Allegany County............ ..........................................
Cayuga County_______________________________
Chemung County______________________________
Clinton County__________ ____ ________________
Columbia C ou n ty...________ ______ _______ ____
Cortland County____________ ___________ ______
Delaware County______________ _______________
Essex County---------- ------------------------------- -------Franklin County_______________________ _______
Fulton County..’_____________________________
Herkimer County_________________ ____________
Jefferson County______________________________
Lewis County_________ _______ ________________
Madison County....... .............. ..............................
Ontario County................................... ................ .
Orleans County________________________________
Oswego County_______ ____ _______ ____________
Otsego County____________ ____________ _______
Rockland County___________________ ______ ___
Saratoga County__ . . . __________________ _______
Schuyler County............ ..........................................
Sullivan County______ ____ ______ _____________
Tioga County_________ ______ _________ ________
Tompkins County..................... ...............................
Ulster County— ------ -------------------------------------Washington County___________________________
North Carolina: Buncombe County________________
Ohio:
Allen County........ .....................................................
Auglaize County............ ....................................... .
Clark County......... ................ ................ .......... ......
Lake County....... .................... ................. ..............
Rhode Island:
First district................ .................... .......................
Second district______ __________________________
Third district................... .................... ..................
Fourth district._____________________ ___________
Fifth district_________________________ _________
Seventh district.........................................................
Depend
ency and
neglect
cases
Delin
quency
cases
10
2
152
5
93
1
12
76
191
4
1
146
32
33
7
38
47
1
1
1
1
30
72
1,891
192
14
114
121
34
56
8
4
33
2
1
2
18
53
7
29
22
13
2
21
27
23
34
47
43
12
101
312
98
182
82
51
9
41
41
24
147
115
4
34
81
18
21
2
9
8
1
89
30
24
40
4
13
31
25
44
23
361
8
13
22
Cases of
children
discharged
from super
vision
2
61
15
10
6
76
3
1
11
9
2
130
165
161
32
136
46
69
144
61
30
181
100
9
142
35
5
91
109
80
64
23
37
24
120
81
78
106
6
Specialproceed
ings cases
1
1
4
1
29
1
3
7
3
9
1
2
3
1
3
3
8
7
8
231
1
20
57
14
36
6
16
58
16
14
s Cases are for specified area although probate court serving this area and dealing with dependency and
neglect cases has jurisdiction over wider territory.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
49
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e I b .— Number o f delinquency, dependency and neglect, and special-proceed
ings cases disposed of, and number o f cases o f children discharged from supervision
by 204 courts that served specified areas with less than 100,000 population in 1933—
Continued
Area served by court
Rhode Island—Continued.
Eighth d i s t r i c t . _____
Ninth district______
Tenth district___________
Eleventh district__________
Twelfth district......... . .
Utah:
First district___ . . .
Second district____________
Fourth district._________
Fifth district_____________
Sixth district_________ ..
Seventh district_________
Eighth district__________________
Virginia:
Danville (city)_______________
Lynchburg (city)__________________
Wisconsin: Kenosha County________
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Delin
quency
cases
Depend
ency and
neglect
cases
Specialproceed
ings cases
5
21
14
2
1
Cases of
children
discharged
from super
vision
22
7
45
30
03
183
210
246
77
178
38
49
519
135
153
13
48
3
74
4
139
50
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
DELINQUENCY CASES
T
Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction and age of
boys dealt with in delinquency cases disposed of by the courts in 6 States, 80 courts
that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 166 courts that
served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1983 1
able
I I a .—
Area served by court
Boys’ delinquency cases
Age
under
which
Age of boy when referred to court
juve
nile
court
has Total Un
18
Age
14
12
10
original
years not
17
der years, years, years, 16
juris
re
10 under under under years years and
diction
over ported
14
12
16
years
State totals:2
New Jersey___________________
New York____________________
Utah---------- --------------------------w i t h 100,000 or m ore popu RATION-------- -------------------------------------
Iowa: Polk County................... .
Louisiana:
Maryland: Baltimore (city)_____
Massachusetts:
Boston:
First district of eastern Mid-
3
9
2
1
247
337
28
6
51,391 2,873 6,473 12,699 20,245 5,435 2,798
244
624
5,798
3,799
10,413
513
1,723
621
378
251
648
467
219
570 1,399
80
18
59
129
3 85
1,025 1,349
2 302 1,395
32
1, 734
188
3,131 5,104
204
85
125
392
257
515
l ’ 202
1 ,095
,
1
11
1
139
11
30
44
45
2
5
21 1,132
21
529
41
118
59
254
154
306
116
326
135
44
31
2
11
41
23
9
14
16
Indiana:
697
16 3,459
17
16
16
* 16
18
A reas
California:
San Diego County.......................
San Francisco (city and county).
Colorado: Denver (city and
county)...............- --------- ----------Connecticut:
272
59,412 3,437 7,574 14,669 23,152 3 6,466 3,145
Total cases 8_________________
684
31
92
199
229
70
40
323
16
609
16
246
16
17 1,451
17
395
16
880
46
68
50
126
33
185
61
176
99
191
74
368
103
285
121
1
216
138
544
132
332
6
8
258
52
3
4
209
653
59
495
23
43
2
54
40
56
214
16
90
80
287
31
144
258
17
17
750
16 2,812
26
263
46
156
901
117
312
921
59
119
167
274
36
39
53
89
162
18
16
16
16
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
76A
63
91
134
330
273
181
130
230
167
1
93
41
63
12
56
2
102
6
50
19
112
571
105
5
7
10
21
108
225
3
13
7
3
9
4
17
7
23
26
18
81
46
37
18
53
42
24
29
48
17
251
2
25
17
17
17
17
17
231
139
85
172
358
e
32
8
3
Third district of eastern Mid-
100
4
44
10
2
4
5
11
72
23
9
32
15
12
2
20
2
8
2
7
2
77
68
1
1
22
34
3
3
6
112
2
1
11
2
4
12
75
48
85
64
39
44
80
17
48
44
74
45
42
53
43
16
24
57
51
116
57
6C
30
15
92
66
37
75
167
42
35
28
47
931_____
120
2
34
12
20
731
Central district of Worcester.......
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
8 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
3 Includes 71 cases of boys 16 and 17 years of age, 18 of whom were in cities with 50,000 but less than
100,000 population and 53 of whom were in areas with less than 50,000 population.
* Courts have jurisdiction over juvenile delinquents under 16 years of age and over wayward children
under 18 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
51
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e I I a .— Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction and age of
boys dealt with in delinquency cases disposed of by the courts in 6 States, 80 courts
that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 166 courts that
served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1988 — Continued
Area served by court
A reas with 100,000 or more popu
lation—Continued.
Michigan:
Kent County_____ ______ _____
Wayne County_______ ________
Minnesota:
Hennepin County_____________
Ramsey County..........................
New Jersey:
Atlantic County______________
Bergen County............................
Camden County______ ____ . . . .
Essex County---------- --------------Hudson County— ................... __
Mercer County-------- --------------Middlesex County__________ . . .
Morris County.............................
Passaic County_______________
Union County........ .....................
New York:
Albany County------ ---------------Broome County______ ________
Chautauqua County__________
Dutchess County_____________
Erie County........ .............. - ........
Monroe County_______________
New York (city)_____ _________
Niagara County---------------------Oneida County_______________
Rensselaer County------ -----------Schenectady County---------------Suffolk County.—.......................
Syracuse (city)---- ------------ -----Westchester County___________
Ohio:
Franklin County______________
Hamilton County_____________
Mahoning County____________
Montgomery County__________
Oregon: Multnomah County____
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County........... ...........
Berks County________________
Montgomery County..... .............
Philadelphia (city and county)..
Rhode Island: Sixth district_____
South Carolina: G r e e n v i l l e
County_______________________
Utah: Third district_____________
Virginia: Norfolk (city)_________
Washington:
Pierce County______ _____ ____
Spokane County_____________ _
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County___
A reas
Boys’ delinquency cases
Age
under
which
Age of boy when referred to court
juve
nile
court
has Total Un
10
12
14
18
Age
original
der years, years, years, 16
17 years not
juris
10 under under under years years and
re
diction
years
12
14
16
over ported
412
17
17 2, 381
32
20
61
263
100
557
114
995
83
525
2
20
1
1
775
352
17
4
66
18
131
50
232
120
154
83
169
73
6
4
141
16
16
228
258
16
16 1, 060
745
16
16
406
16
247
16
40
145
16
529
16
18
6
63
28
35
18
1
6
44
36
22
144
75
68
38
4
9
71
62
77
334
224
134
57
10
30
167
84
143
510
409
159
131
21
49
228
4
7
8
6
2
3
2
1
2
2
350
16
106
16
113
16
106
16
532
16
16
143
16 6, 854
124
16
251
16
93
16
158
16
16
83
190
16
341
16
17
4
5
3
21
3
333
6
11
5
17
9
15
20
18 1, 170
18 1, 841
18 1, 608
322
18
882
18
54
64
80
24
23
604
16
80
16
16
78
16 6, 119
208
« 16
22
2
8
521
2
93
899
743
4
34
33
21
72
85
32
128
159
36
261
199
205
133
186
131
8
2
5
1
18
158
510
18
18 3, 256
10
14
197
10
39
316
28
67
549
59
175
951
31
110
619
18
97
571
2
4
53
4
18
18
16
18
18
100,000
44
216
73
51
19
31
15
36
50
29
46
27
61
158
277
34
78
23
860 2,070 3,486
24
36
56
94
118
28
9
22
36
24
56
59
15
35
24
35
64
73
38
105
150
1
7
1
11
4
96
2
3
1
3
1
1
5
21
2
1
350
531
484
104
303
190
309
311
74
184
173
293
229
49
123
7
24
5
1
22
191
285
76
11
39
26
11
35
24
969 1,562 2,773
41
51
78
19
1
10
1
1
261
391
368
43
175
141
28
3
1
4
1
1
49
19
3
24
134
229
130
25
46
19
3
4
35
1
1
2
6
290
1
w it h le ss t h a n
popu
l a t i o n ................................ .......................
8,021
564 1,101 1,970 2,907 1,031
347
28
73
50,000, less than 100,000— ......... ...
Less than 50,000....... ......................
3,727
4,294
225
339
3 489
3 542
141
206
16
12
13
60
474
946 1,423
627 1,024 1,484
* Includes 71 cases of boys 16 and 17 years of age, 18 of whom were in cities with 50,000 but less than
100,000 population and 53 of whom were in areas with less than 50,000 population.
i Courts have jurisdiction over juvenile delinquents under 16 years of age and over wayward children
under 18 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
52
T
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
I I b .— A ge under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction and age of
girls dealt with in delinquency cases disposed o f by the courts in 6 States, 79 courts
that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 147 courts that
served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1938 1
able
Age
under
which
luvenile
court
has
original Total
juris
diction
Area served by court
Girls’ delinquency cases
Age of girl when referred to court
18
Age
14
Un
10
12
16
17 years not
der years, years, years,
re
10 under under under years years and
over ported
years 12
14
16
_____
8,627
335
New York_____ ____ _________
393
16
391
17
502
16
16 l, 410
38
4 16
351
18
38
9
16
37
3
10
Total cases2______ .
State totals: 2
U ta h ..._____________ _____
w ith 100,000 or m ore popu latio n ................... ....................
A reas
California:
Colorado: Denver ' (city
and
Connecticut:
Indiana:
Louisiana:
Massachusetts:
Boston:
First district of eastern MiddleThird district of eastern Mid-
Central district of Worcester. -
523 1,537 3,998 31,331
745
86
72
182
191
296
935
12
105
2 43
117
20
60
13
84
1
___
1
47
1
84
5
1
449 1,348 3,540
1,143
675
83
65
35
19
32
97
5
16
95
55
90
279
5
46
7,581
278
16
26
1
6
10
8
21
21
195
130
9
8
1
26
13
50
43
39
30
49
23
14
20
18
309
19
24
53
105
59
44
5
16
16
16
17
17
16
55
62
9
195
117
159
16
2
3
7
6
6
6
13
7
11
13
17
3
48
28
61
23
34
6
85
54
77
41
19
4
2
1
18
18
18
18
81
182
24
110
4
2
12
6
14
1
10
16
27
5
lv
29
78
10
34
15
39
6
23
8
21
2
14
17
17
16
85
88
261
6
2
16
7
8
25
11
27
80
44
28
112
16
21
14
1
1
14
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
64
9
2
12
21
19
7
2
13
8
7
11
18
1
1
5
7
1
35
4
1
3
2
2
8
16
10
2
2
4
2
4
11
16
3
2
4
1
6
3
2
7
4
3
4
4
3
3
8
4
1
2
14
5
4
4
3
6
17
6
17
17
17
17
17
19
9
5
6
27
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
i
3
1
3
2
3
1
2
2
3
1
1
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
* All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
s Includes 41 cases of girls 16 and 17 years of age, 31 of whom were in cities with 60,000 but less than 100,000
population and 10 of whom were in areas with less than 50,000 population.
4 Courts have jurisdiction over juvenile delinquents under 16 years of age and over wayward children
under 18 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
53
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e I I b .— A g e under which ju v e n ile court has o rigin a l ju r is d ic tio n a n d age o j
girls dealt w ith i n d elin q u en cy cases d isp o sed o f b y the courts i n 6 Sta tes, 7 9 courts
that served sp ecified areas w ith 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore p o p u la tio n , and 1 4 7 courts that
served areas with less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la tio n i n 1 9 8 3 — Continued
Area served by court
A re as
w ith
100,000 or
Age
under
which
juvenile
court
has
original Total
juris
diction
Girls’ delinquency cases
Age of girl when referred to court
Un
14
12
10
18
Age
der years, years, years,
16
17 years not
10 under under under years years and
re
years 12
14
16
over ported
more popu -
lation —Continued.
Michigan:
Kent County................... .........
Wayne County................. __
Minnesota:
Hennepin County____________
Ramsey County_________ ____
New Jersey:
Atlantic County_______ ______
Bergen County___________ ___
Camden County_____________
Essex C o u n ty .______________
Hudson County______________
Mercer County_______________
Middlesex County_____ ______
Morris County_______________
Passaic County______________
Union County________ _____
New York:
Albany County______________
Broome County______________
Chautauqua County_________
Dutchess "County_____________
Monroe County__________ ___
Niagara County_________ ____
Oneida County.______________
Rensselaer County___________
Schenectady County_________
Suffolk County___ ...................
Syracuse (city)_______ _______
Westchester County..... .........
Ohio:
Franklin County....... ........... .
Hamilton County____________
Mahoning County
Montgomery County_________
Oregon: Multnomah County____
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County____________
Berks County__________ _____
Montgomery County.............. .
Philadelphia (city and county).
South Carolina: Greenville Count y . . ___________ ______ ______ _
Utah: Third district____ _______
Virginia: Norfolk (city)__ ______
Washington:
Pierce County_______________
Spokane County_____________
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County. _
5
11
25
21
144
20
56
2
1
2
2
1
13
7
63
21
46
10
40
14
2
13
8
20
23
7
2
2
2
13
28
30
77
95
15
13
2
2
34
5
6
4
6
1
11
5
181
4
9
4
7
1
3
2
10
37
12
11
13
39
18
587
12
30
25
8
7
13
33
4
8
13
8
4
15
10
16
10
8
24
64
31
17
15
86
149
117
44
39
53
112
66
35
27
40
94
41
16
16
3
13
24
12
8
39
52
155
71
3
2
413
2
1
5
8
8
6
7
23
20
7
50
29
48
30
54
25
5
1
5
17
2
7
16
6
16
62
12
20
158
4
17
121
6
15
120
2
6
2
1
17
17
58
234
18
18
165
54
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
22
49
47
120
131
28
18
5
20
62
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
48
18
21
17
59
28
873
17
40
41
21
8
16
56
1
24
1
18
18
18
18
18
222
457
284
132
111
16
16
16
16
134
3
2
668
16
18
18
14
194
118
18
18
18
31
82
500
2
2
1
4
2
1
5
3
7
9
3
6
5
1
4
2
3
3
4
1
2
1
56
1
1
3
14
i
1
1
2
4
4
24
22
3
1
16
4
1
1
9
1
10
18
2
1
1
2
1
2
6
1
w ith less than 100,000
POPULATION.......................... .............. .
1,046
57
74
189
458
188
70
3
7
50,000, less than 100,000_______
Less than 50,000..___ __________
543
503
27
30
35
39
87
102
245
213
113
75
34
36
1
2
6
A re as
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
54
JXJYENILE-COTJRT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e I I I a .— C olor, n a tiv ity, and parent n a tiv ity o f b o y s dealt w ith i n d elin q u en cy
cases d isp o sed o f b y the cou rts i n 1 State,
courts that served sp ecified areas w ith
1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore p o p u la tio n , and 2 8 courts that served a reas w ith less tha n 1 0 0 ,0 0 0
p o p u la tio n i n 1 9 8 3 1
Boys’ delinquency cases
White boys
Area served by court
Total
Total
Total casesJ..............................
State total: U tah»_____________ —
A re as
or m ore popu LATION........................................................w it h
100,000
California:
San Diego County....... ............ .
San Francisco (city and county).
Colorado: Denver (city and
county)........................................ Connecticut:
Native,
Native, foreign Native,
parent
or
native
not
parent mixed agere
parent ported
age
age
Nativ
ity not
re
ported
For
eign
bom
877
Col
ored
boys
9,864
45,921
36,057
17,707
14,739
2,071
663
1,723
1,714
1,406
265
31
12
42,965
33,599
62
15,591
62
14,447
2,049
651
861
139
1,132
529
1,088
510
780
205
246
175
23
68
36
31
3
31
44
19
1
36
9
9,366
77
684
648
554
89
3
1
323
609
1,451
'395
880
310
492
571
283
347
76
181
501
181
347
217
299
46
27
3
2
24
71
14
10
209
653
59
495
189
381
53
447
53
381
53
425
127
21
1
258
750
2,812
144
345
1,531
142
226
801
412
2,381
393
1,935
775
352
13
117
880
112
533
i
3
2
7
65
479
2
10
246
3
4
41
1
114
405
1,281
231
518
122
1,262
34
41
4
106
2
8
19
446
754
339
441
216
290
117
8
13
6
2
21
13
745
406
710
331
158
61
530
159
23
22
6
82
532
143
6,854
93
190
341
489
133
6,100
90
178
310
168
50
783
61
64
68
305
77
4,079
29
111
205
1
994
15
5
237
7
3
11
18
8
1,170
1,841
i; 608
322
882
784
1,199
1)408
270
865
676
1,186
'237
250
637
100
13
708
19
177
6
1
1
58
2
26
13
403
1
12
604
80
78
6,119
93
899
743
489
79
68
4,248
54
894
325
153
36
32
1,755
54
650
314
332
42
35
2,171
3
1
1
15
1
66
213
11
24
7
158
510
3,256
156
496
3,101
150
391
1,283
5
103
1,441
1
2
344
27
6
less than 100,000 popu LATION..........................................................
2,956
292
208
84
22
12
16
1,650
1,306
2,458
1,397
1,061
2,116
60,000, less than 100,000------------------Less than 50,000__________________
15
7
10
2 1
11
5
Florida: Dade County___________
Indiana:
Louisiana:
Orleans Parish________________
Maryland: Baltimore (city)______
Michigan:
Kent County—.............................
Wayne County________________
Minnesota:
Hennepin County_____________
New Jersey:
Mercer County.............................
New York:
New York (city)-------- ------------Westchester County___________
Ohio:
Franklin County____ __________
Mahoning County— ...................
Oregon fMultnomah County_____
Pennsylvania:
Philadelphia (city and county). .
South Carolina: Greenville County.
Washington:
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County----A reas w ith
1,153
963
1
241
20
272
6
48
35
75
43
10
754
3
12
31
386
642
200
52
17
115
1
10
1,871
39
5
418
2
14
155
.498
253
245
i Population according to the 1930 census.
1 All figures for the State for which a total is given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
55
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e I I I b .— C olor, n a tiv ity, and p arent n a tiv ity o f girls dealt with in d elin q u en cy
cases d isp o sed o f b y the courts i n 1 State, 4 3 courts that served sp ecified a reas w ith
1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore p o p u la tio n , and
courts that served areas w ith less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0
p o p u la tio n i n 1 9 3 3 1
24
Girls’ delinquency cases
Whi te girls
Area served by court
Total
Total casesa__ ________________
A reas
w ith 100,000 o r m o r e p o p u LATION____________ _____________________
California:
San Francisco (city and coun ty)...
Colorado: Denver (city and county).
Connecticut:
Native,
Native, foreign Native,
parent
native
or
Total parent
age
mixed not
re
age
parent ported
age
7,279
5,476
3,293
1,728
313
100
351
349
271
65
8
5
6,774
5,076
7
2,945
7
1,679
312
98
42
26
195
130
309
180
120
286
134
41
240
34
52
39
6
18
2
6
8
5
1
55
62
195
117
159
50
48
38
87
74
18
11
36
63
74
31
36
2
2
1
81
182
24
110
67
97
19
90
22
97
18
88
36
85
88
261
45
31
104
44
14
47
6
31
3
26
58
234
53
174
37
73
8
83
8
5
165
54
160
52
91
32
65
19
4
131
28
121
19
29
3
88
8
59
28
873
41
16
56
54
28
674
41
13
45
19
20
152
24
7
12
33
5
419
17
6
31
222
457
284
132
111
187
331
232
120
110
170
318
94
106
89
134
3
2
668
14
194
118
101
3
Indiana:
Louisiana:
Michigan:
Wayne County............ ...................
Minnesota:
New Jersey:
Mercer County__________________
New York:
Philadelphia (city and county)___
Washington:
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County_____
w ith less than 100,000 p o p u LATION..........................................................
2
22
4
1
2
1
9
1,698
19
15
10
23
5
14
157
30
85
1
5
1,803
14
85
5
20
8
40
57
157
4
5
60
5
2
1
4
1
2
64
2
1
39
199
1
1
3
11
14
7
79
14
13
2
3
47
3
1
2
48
2
52
1
1
383
9
192
39
175
9
128
38
199
3
4
52
1
8
4
31
82
500
30
81
481
29
74
212
1
7
186
81
1
505
290
215
400
249
151
348
206
142
49
41
8
1
2
A re as
Less than 60,000_____________________
42
Col
ored
girls
3
Ohio:
Oregon "Multnomah County_______
Pennsylvania:
Nativ
ity
not re
ported
For
eign
bom
10
9
5
1
12
5
35
126
52
12
1
33
2
1
4
2
1
2
285
5
2
79
1
1
19
105
41
64
i Population according to the 1930 census.
8 All figures for the State for which a total is given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
56
JU V EN ILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e I V .— S o u rc e o f referen ce to court o f d elin q u en cy cases d isp o sed o f b y
the
courts i n 1 S ta te, 4 3 courts that served sp ecified areas w ith 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore p o p u
lation,, a n d
cou rts that served areas w ith less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la tio n i n 1 9 3 3 1
24
Delinquency cases
Source of reference to court
Area served by court
School
Total
de
Police part
ment
Total cases3______________ 53,200 34,380
State total: Utah 3 ___ _________ 2,074
w ith 100,000 or m ore
POPULATION_____________________
830
Pro
ba
Social
tion Other
agen
offi court cy
cer
4,065 1,878
446
412
Par Other
ents indi Other Source
or
not re
source ported
rela vid
tives ual
582 1,052 4,137 6,895
173
38
249
10
3
544 1,023 3,916 6,297
9
3
26
48
159
35
7
4
1
1
9
9
106
A reas
Alabama: Mobile County_____
California:
San Diego County__________
San F r a n c i s c o (city and
county)............................. __
Colorado: Denver (city and
county)____________________
Connecticut:
Bridgeport (city)___________
Hartford (city)_____ ________
District of Columbia______ . . . .
Florida: Dade C o u n ty ___ . . . .
Georgia: Fulton County______
Indiana:
Lake County______________
Marion County____________
Vanderburgh County_______
Iowa: Polk County _________
Lousiana:
Caddo Parish______ _______
Orleans Parish. ___________
Maryland: Baltimore (city)___
Michigan:
Kent County___ ________
Wayne County________ ____
Minnesota:
Hennepin County__________
Ramsey County......................
New Jersey:
Hudson County____________
Mercer County.......................
New York:
Erie County.____ __________
Monroe County....... ...... ........
New York (city)...... ..............
Rensselaer County.............
Syracuse (city)....... ................
Westchester County________
Ohio:
Franklin County............... .
Hamilton County__________
Mahoning C ounty............... .
Montgomery County_______
Oregon: Multnomah County...
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County__________
Berks County_____________
Montgomery County..............
Philadelphia (city and county).
South Carolina: Greenville
County...................................
Utah: Third district__________
Virginia: Norfolk (city)............
Washington:
Pierce County..____________
Spokane County...... ..............
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County.
w ith less than 100,000
POPULATION.......... ............................
49,739 32,769
165
39
3,609 1,387
27
13
1,327
527
147
5
358
8
150
121
659
460
8
61
20
11
92
7
993
499
157
16
4
44
170
98
378
671
1,646
512
1,039
224
563
1,194
177
506
38
38
2
106
27
8
10
146
14
49
8
9
9
11
4
21
24
185
76
67
77
24
110
120
386
290
835
83
605
113
244
39
132
62
15
18
95
3
13
3
2
1
4
2
2
13
26
105
19
47
67
456
2
315
343
838
3,073
200
432
2,637
24
44
93
34
62
11
2
10
7
141
25
139
129
47
154
59
1
470
2,615
356
2,127
20
78
8
7
24
100
30
134
29
144
2
24
940
406
697
339
19
1
2
1
27
7
98
16
90
42
7
876
434
404
292
153
23
78
1
74
2
31
21
135
90
591
171
7,727
134
206
397
453
96
4,666
33
164
215
7
4
681
64
11
72
14
4
6
1
1,392
2,298
1,892
454
993
814
1,791
976
148
689
82
123
356
124
59
165
13
17
27
8
10
35
16
6
3
25
62
26
5
19
93
129
146
63
70
197
143
354
81
137
738
83
80
6,787
160
73
67
5,108
60
378
22
95
1
6
435
10
6
5
275
9
2
2
8
900
61
107
1,093
861
64
578
550
281
43
27
98
8
1
U
62
37
19
125
123
6
189
592
3,756
102
431
3,390
24
35
108
i
6
76
19
10
1
1
25
15
20
33
83
21
52
76
1
3,461
1,611
1,012
599
456
491
221
165
326
38
35
3
29
238
218
13
16
153
68
598
315
283
14
9
5
3
6
1
1
13
3
H
11
227
3
4
39
80
25
37
23
831 1,313
14
14
17
10
22
47
2
14
1
1
i
4
2
2
1
6
2
1
3
7
A re as
60,000, less than 100,000________
Less than 50,000_______________
1,940
1,521
3
3
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
3 All figures for the State for which a total is given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
57
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e V a .— R e a so n f o r reference to court i n b o y s' d elin q u en cy cases d isp o sed o f b y
the courts in 6 States, 8 0 courts that served specified areas w ith 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore
p o p u la tio n , and 1 6 6 courts that served areas with less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la tio n
in 1 9 8 3 1
Boys’ delinquency cases
Total cases >. ____________ 59,412 26,339 17,021 1,657 2,959 3,076 3,435
State totals: 1
Connecticut_______ _______ ..
Massachusetts---------- ----------New Jersey..............................
New York________________ .
Utah_______________________
A r e a s w ith 100,000 o b m o r e
POPULATION_______________ ______
1,386 1,442
2,851 1,121
910
1,908
3,830 3,664
62
285
234
968
1,723
3,459
5,798
3,799
10,413
Indiana:
Iowa: Polk County------ ----------Louisiana:
Caddo Parish.........................
Maryland: Baltimore (city)-----Massachusetts:
Boston:
Boston (central section)____
Dorchester------ ----------------Roxbury--------------------------Second district of Bristol_____
Third district of Bristol______
First district of eastern Mid-
East Norfolk district________
Central district of Worcester.
104
58
78
561
7
64
161
175
306
688
35
27
87
158
176
324
30
23
12
10
837 1,335
13
Other reason
1 Reason not reported
Use, possession, or sale
of liquor or drugs
57
86
52
118
336 1,653 387
3
65
1
2
35
66
378 141
57 19
633 192
19 33
12
265 1,516 345
2
__
__
2 __
11 __
328
129
333
76
81
107
13
11
11
43
373
10
59
5
1
38
29
5
1
8
392
107
4
66
31
48
16
16
2
124
300
63
246
86
165
1
3
1
57
3
2
18
27
19
62
56
10
40
24
35
57
17
18
5
124
29
68
15
7
2
8
6
11
6
21
1
53
8
12
2
1
246
1,451
395
880
119
189
141
859
164
541
209
653
59
495
112
364
34
151
31
108
7
189
13
119
9
93
11
8
1
24
2
13
6
2
19
1
17
16
60
133
33(
17«
948 1,419
12
11
1
14
6
116
96
12
146
136
1
16
12
16
58
67
3
5
1
1
21
21
1
1
8
13
8
4
3
5
3
5
10
1
4
5
7
4
2
5
2
5
1
1
258
750
2,812
32
10
764
62
91
134
33(
273
181
130
230
167
10(
108
225
361
2É
44
44
1&
91
8(
44
165
118
O
46
12C
94
2(
28
28
95
46
45
38
18
26
1]
26
52
33
251
105
62
3i
18
232
9C
6:
18
li
42
6/
If
16
:
3
15
24
33
Third district of eastern MidLowell district---------------------
138
246
287
404
41
282
965 1,584
51,391 22,575 14,909 1,409 2,473 2,734 2,993
2
15
36
17
54
139
California:
San Diego County__________ 1,132
San Francisco (city and
county). ------------------------529
Colorado: Denver (city and
684
county)____________________
Connecticut:
Bridgeport (city).___________
323
Hartford (city)............... .........
609
District of Columbia__________
Florida: Dade County-------------
15
519
5
47
9
48
Injury to person
Sex offense
Ungovernable
Running away
Truancy
Total
Stealing
Area served by court
Traffic violation
Act of carelessness or
mischief
|
Reason for reference to court
136
8
172
358
84
5
71
173
1C
5
17
If
52
26
24
8
5
5
7
11
;
2
5
2
53
1
7
1
7
11
6
8
4
1
3
17
i
2
3
2
2
8
3
1
3
2
3
6
e
5
15
4
4
:
2
4
4
4
3 ___
14
14
3
__
1
1
17
5
5
6
If
5
4
5
29
3
__
__
2
16 __
2
195
23
f
3
5
4
1
22
1
6
2
1
13
3
11
4
1
J
4
16
3
5
8
li
5
16
23
5
6
5
4
i Population according to the 1930 census.
a All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown b y courts for areas with 100,000or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
58
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e V a .— Reason for reference to court in boys’ delinquency cases disposed o f by
the courts in 6 States, 80 courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more
population, and 166 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population
in 1938— Continued
Boys’ delinquency cases
Reason not reported
Other reason
Use, possession, or sale
of liquor or drugs
Injury to person
Sex offense
Ungovernable
Running away
Truancy
Traffic violation
Stealing
Total
Area served b y court
Act of carelessness or
mischief
Reason for reference to court
1REAS WITH 100,000 OR MORE
pop ulation —C ontinued.
Michigan:
Kent County_______________
Wayne County_____________
Minnesota:
Hennepin County__ ________
Ramsey County. __________
New Jersey:
Atlantic County____________
Bergen County. _________
Camden County____________
Essex County_______________
Hudson County____________
Mercer County_____ ________
Middlesex County__________
Morris County______________
Passaic County____________
Union County_____ _______
New York:
Albany County____ _________
Broome County_____________
Chautauqua County_______
Dutchess C ou n ty.._________
Erie C ou n ty....'____________
Monroe County_____________
New York (city)____________
Niagara County____________
Oneida County_____________
Rensselaer County__________
Schenectady County________
Suffolk County___ I_______ _
Syracuse (city)_________ ____
Westchester County. .......... .
Ohio:
Franklin C ounty.......... ..........
Hamilton County___________
Mahoning County__________
Montgomery County_______
Oregon: Multnomah County___
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County............ ......
Berks County..... .....................
Montgomery County....... ......
Philadelphia (city arid county)
Rhode Island: Sixth district____
South Carolina: Greenville
County____________________
Utah: Third district............ ......
Virginia: Norfolk (city)......... .
Washington:
Pierce County.............. ...........
Spokane County____________
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County..
412
204
2,381 1,706
92
255
32
50
21
88
3
19
25
115
17
64
14
70
3
36
11
14
2
12
45
19
10
6
9
8
16
3
24
2fr
14
108
87
13
7
10
1
6
3
19
9
1
1
1
5
6
13
14
7
61
22
12
10
775
352
484
240
148
55
141
228
258
1,060
745
406
247
40
145
520
72
10z
126
524
343
244
166
13
68
250
27
48
51
261
134
103
56
16
44
170
1
4
6
1
8
14
30
38
126
21
2
20
0
1
22
34
2
25
1Ï
17
6
1
5
32
7
25
3
3
7
2
3
4
12
41
4
19
5
12 • 3
388
691 225
1
9
6
11
5
8
8
4
1
7
3
2
2
9
4
11
30
10
1
8
1
10
1
9
2
19 ~ 5
4
3
4
1
18
7
44
350
140
106
7
89
24
113
76
106
55
15
532
372
57
143
96
20
6,854 1,836 3,024
' 124
85
21
251
125
31
93
3f
6
158
92
47
7
83
71
190
125
42
341
191
27
2
4
68
3
4
12
1
12
139
31
7
398
4
3
38
37
2
4
6
2
6
7
43
23
1,170
1,841
1,608
322
882
236
441
558
63
254
4
90
11
2
9
78
15
175
88
25
71
263
121
16
58
48
25
77
12
63
52
30
18
9
27
10
17
39
3
7
9
15
7
1
12
10
161
28
1
12
1
604
44
319
80
76
78
60
2
6,119 1,833 2,889
208
93
43
1
86
76
17
1
2
187
18
7
254
6
85
3
16
1
6
121
2
1
7
7
43
3
1
578
4
13
152
12
115
171
1
28
49
2
193
31
2
23
19
3
15
45
14
6
9
9
27
7
14
158
78
31
184
510
166
3,256 1,325 1,016
2
30
172
6
17
89
19
60
341
14
24
136
8
6
92
12
64
11
21
8,021 3,764 2,112
248
486
342
442
128
249
71
137
42
50,000, less than 100,000_____ . . 3,727 1,904
742
Less than 50,000_______________ 4,294 1,860 1,370
140
108
277
209
184
158
231
211
55
73
82
167
27
44
62
75
23
19
93
899
743
652
783
574
128
414
64
487
375
53
1
1
1
2
2
571 192
2
29
1
1
32
8
6
LBEAS WITH LESS THAN 100,000
P O P U LA TIO N ............................................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
59
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e V b .— Reason fo r reference to court in girls’ delinquency cases disposed o f by
the courts in 6 States, 79 courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more
population, and 147 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population
in 1933 1
Girls’ delinquency cases
Total casesJ____ ____________
8,627 1,032
State totals: 8
Connecticut____ ________ _ . . .
Massachusetts_____________ ____
New Jersey________. . . _________
393
391
602
1,410
Rhode Island____ ______________
38
Utah______________________ ____
351
w i t h 100,000 or m ore popula TION ....................................................
763
86
54
3
13
49
77
63
151
60
53
8
2
7,581
901
679
73
26
6
1
195
130
309
3
13
1
12
10
932 1,114 2,532 1,613
271
9
1
18
32
43
7
42
4
19
807 1,002 2,262 1,400
232
48
22
109
162
1
122
32
31
30
276
108
116
156
466
52
46
80
89
78
168
10
re
Other reason
82 140
9
3
Reason not
ported
Use, possession, or
sale of liquor or
drugs
Injury to person
Sex offense
Ungovernable
Running away
Truancy
Total
Stealing
Area served by court
Traffic violation
Act of carelessness
or mischief
Reason for reference to court
62
3
1
3
A reas
Alabama: Mobile County_________
California:
San Diego County______________
San Francisco (city and county)..
Colorado: Denver (city and county).
Connecticut:
Bridgeport (city)..........................
Hartford (city)_________________
New Haven (city)__________ . . .
District of Columbia______________
Florida: Dade County____________
Georgia: Fulton County__________
Indiana:
Lake County____ ______ ________
Marion County________________
Vanderburgh County___________
Iowa: Polk C oun ty................... ......
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish..................................
Orleans Parish__________________
Maryland: Baltimore (city)..............
Massachusetts^
Boston:
Boston (central section)..............
Brighton_______________ _____
Charlestown_________________
Dorchester________ __________
East Boston__________________
Roxbury.....................................
South Boston_________________
West Roxbury_____ ____ ______
Second district of Bristol...............
Third district of Bristol_________
Lawrence district______ ____ ____
Southern Essex district—...............
Springfield district______________
First district of eastern Middlesex.
Third district of eastern Middlesex............................... ................
Lowell district__________________
Somerville district................... ......
East Norfolk district-............. ........
Central district of Worcester_____
55
62
9
195
117
159
81
182
24
10
12
o
32
13
49
27
15
25
21
2
110
85
88
261
15
41
2
12
21
10
13
8
2
1
6
2
2
3
60
1
2
5
1
1
1
1
2
20
1
31
26
35
35
71
56
35
31
157
2
g
1
2
28
3
6
4
6
20
18
g
7
1
3
19
4
2
5
25
63
2
7
1
2
3
3
12
1
10
3
4
3
3
6
8
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
25
5
12
2
2
1
8
11
11
1
2
1
9
4
3
1
1
1
2
4
52
1
1
3
3
2
4
7
2
1
1
1
1
5
3
1
5
4
12
2
5
6
13
62
123
2
9
1
13
6
5
3
4
5
16
2
2
7
16
1
12
2
10
8
6
8
66
69 104
16
15
8
1
1
1
27
12
101
21
2
1
1
3
10
16
8
92
27
42
2
6
9
9
1
7
11
18
1
2
28
19
7
2
1
1
35
1
30
7
4
16
3
6
64
9
11
17
7
9
7
4
5
5
1
3
7
1
5
2
1
1
i Population according to the 1930 census.
8 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
60
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e V b .— Reason fo r reference to court in girls’ delinquency cases disposed o f by
the courts in 6 States, 79 courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more
population, and 147 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population
in 1938—-Continued
Girls’ delinquency cases
Reason for reference to court
Area served by court
r3
o
e*
w ith 100,000 or m ore
la tio n —C on turned.
Michigan:
A reas
P
.2
§m®
>
>
aS
t*
a
JO
>
p
1
2
®8
80
Oo
<D o
GQ
<
tuo
#g
cS
a
G
<D
>
o
to
a
P
to
>»
o
a
03
S
.9
’3
a
Ü3
Ph
b
oi *o*
a
o a fe
e© ! §
pi C
©O
0
2 ®S,
1 Ml® rj
<P
a
CD
ta
o
M
<
P
s
a
o
§<D
t-i
U
CD
OT3
a a>
ts
I s
a3
s'ils
’a
M M>
O «
GO
popu -
Minnesota:
New Jersey:
New York:
Ohio:
Franklin County_______ ____ ___
Hamilton County______________
Montgomery County___________
Oregon:- Multnomah County______
Pennsylvania:
Philadelphia (city and county)___
South Carolina: Greenville County _
Utah: Third district______________
Virginia: Norfolk (city)...................Washington:
2
33
5
22
74
22
70
2
1
2
5
3
26
1
37
19
48
26
2
4
1
4
9
4
9
2
7
15
4
65
28
7
14
7
13
14
2
4
12
7
7
10
12
28
4
3
1
2
4
4
4
1
3
12
13
52
2
58
234
13
21
1
4
165
54
34
8
22
49
47
120
131
28
18
5
20
62
3
11
2
14
8
9
1
1
1
13
48
18
21
17
59
28
873
17
40
41
21
8
16
56
4
2
9
1
1
11
1
82
60
i
7
1
2
6
20
6
1
7
1
1
35
1
23
27
1
15
9
227
2
4
19
2
16
5
3
8
24
10
289
12
9
7
11
6
8
13
28
46
77
16
1
18
105
21
20
19
5
2
7
2
3
8
1
222
457
284
132
111
32
21
17
15
11
11
23
66
32
18
134
3
2
668
14
194
11S
16
2
17
36
1
64
3
26
12
127
55
a
2
It
2
3
2
91
16
131
2
14
13
a
h
4
6
1
8
6
88
1
i
6
i
4
10
2
6
6
3
3
6
4
1
1
1
Ï
36
1
21
45
6
2
1
13
1
45
145
53
9
32
82
92
44
38
28
1
15
3
*2
1
2
1
45
12
2
4
1
50
1
20
8
14
8
6
3
22
9
2
3
3
1
3
7
2
212
5
24
31
3
2
4
2
i
2
1
31
82
500
14
81
84
9
5
30
8
7
24
w ith less than 100,000 popu LATION.................................... ............................
1,046
131
84
13
125
112
270
213
39
13
36
10
60,000, less than 100,000____________
Less than 50,000__________________
543
503
72
59
27
57
11
70
55
62
50
145
125
113
100
12
27
10
3
18
18
3
7
Spokane C ounty................... ........
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County____
5
16
23
21
89 , 175
A re as
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
61
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e V I .— Place of care of child pending hearing or disposition in delinquency
cases disposed o f hy the courts in 1 State, 48 courts that served specified areas with
100,000 or more population, and 84 courts that served areas with less than 100,000
population in 1988 1
Delinquency cases
Detention care overnight or longer
in specified place
O®
®o
a
a -a
Area served by court
Ja g
be»
T3 fa
&1
S ja
m®
53,200 32,691
Total cases *_
2,074
State total: Utah •_
A reas
w it h
100,000 o r
m o r e p o p u l a t io n .
Alabama: Mobile County__________
California:
San Diego County_______________
San Francisco (city and county)...
Colorado: Denver (city and county).
Connecticut:
Bridgeport (c it y ) ..................... ......
Hartford (city)__________________
District of Columbia_______________
Florida: Dade County_________ ___
Georgia: Fulton C ou n ty ..................
Indiana:
Lake County...................................
Marion County_________________
Vanderburgh County____________
Iowa: Polk County________________
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish___________________
Orleans Parish__________________
Maryland: Baltimore (city)________
Michigan:
Kent County...................................
Wayne County................................
Minnesota:
Hennepin County_______________
Ramsey County____ ______ ______
New Jersey:
Hudson County. ________________
Mercer County_________________
New York:
Erie County.............—...................
Monroe County_________________
New York (city)________________
Rensselaer County______________
Syracuse (c it y ).......................... .
Westchester County_____________
Ohio:
Franklin County__ ____ ________
Hamilton County....................... .
Mahoning County_______________
Montgomery County......................
Oregon: Multnomah County—..........
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County_______________
Berks County________________
Montgomery County................. i.,
Philadelphia (city and county)___
465 13,755 4,281 1,212 245
1,790
49,739 30,024
113
29
73
550
59
432 13,402 4,254 1,072
165
58
106
1,327
659
993
1,081
254
545
204
372
3.59
378
671
1,646
512
1,039
197
554
1,225
419
175
116
413
37
366
290
835
83
605
240
101
73
407
43
734
343
838
3,073
238
348
2,818
101
470
2,615
264
1,085
205
1,527
940
406
828
282
876
434
495
380
591
171
7,727
134
206
397
368
105
4,558
87
62
271
1,392
2,298
1,892
454
993
647
633
1,027
282
673
448
1,655
764
125
118
738
83
80
6,787
10
76
9
5,017
467
10
181
58
1
432
234
380
51
221
32
1
34
3,169
47
1
143
119
70
1,512
28
4
3
1
47
268
1
45
142
252
249
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
2 Includes cases of children cared for part of the time in detention homes and part of the time elsewhere,
but excludes cases of children also held in jails or police stations.
3 Includes a few cases of children cared for part of the time in jails or police stations and part of the time
elsewhere.
4 Includes a few cases of children held in more than 1 place of care but in places other than detention
homes, jails, or police stations.
3 All figures for the State for which a total is given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
51030°— 36------5
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
62
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1933
V I. — Place o f care o f child pending hearing or disposition in delinquency
cases disposed o f hy the courts in 1 State, 43 courts that served specified areas with
100,000 or more population, and 24 courts that served areas with less than 100,000
population in 1933 — Continued
T able
Delinquency cases
Detention care overnight or longer
in specified place
o ©
0
©o
a*
Area served by court
.§£
b£a
tS&
a xi
A
100,000 o r m o r e p o p u l a t i o n — Con.
107
South Carolina: Greenville County— ............
Utah: Third district.......................-.................. 1,093
861
Virginia: Norfolk (city).....................................
Washington:
189
Pierce County--------------------------- ------ -----592
Spokane County...............- ............................
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County........................ 3,756
89
911
446
113
283
109
378
1,706
55
173
2,048
3,461
2,667
1,940
1, 521
1,424
1,243
r e a s w it h
A
r e a s w it h le ss t h a n
100,000
p o p u l a t io n —
50,000, less than 100,000-------------------------------Less than 50,000--------------------- ------------- ------
33
353
25
346
7
237
27
52
V II. — Manner of handling delinquency cases disposed o f hy the courts in 6
States, 80 courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and
175 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1933 1
T able
Delinquency cases
Area served by court
Total
Total cases 2----- ----------------- -------- ---------------- ------------------State totals: 2
Utah_____________________________________________________
A
r e a s w it h
100,000
or m ore
California:
Connecticut:
Indiana:
Louisiana:
p o p u l a t io n .
..................................................
Official
Unofficial
68,039
46,672
21,367
3,852
6,189
4,301
11,823
551
2,074
1,983
6,189
4,034
11,780
551
897
1,869
58,972
165
40,483
165
18,489
1,327
659
993
755
659
474
572
378
671
255
1,646
512
1,039
173
329
253
1,139
242
895
205
342
290
835
83
605
90
732
41
200
343
838
3,073
339
838
3,073
202
267
43
1,177
519
2
507
270
144
103
42
403
4
Maryland: Baltimore (city)..............................................................
i Population according to the 1930 census.
i All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
63
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e V I I .— M a n n e r o f handling d elin q u en cy cases d isp o se d o f b y the cou rts i n 6
States, 8 0 courts that served sp ecified areas with 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore p o p u la tio n , and
1 7 5 courts that served areas with less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la tio n i n 1 9 3 3 — C on .
Delinquency cases
Area served by court
Total
w ith 100,000 or more population — Continued.
Massachusetts:
Boston:
Boston (central section)_________
Brighton________ __________
Charlestown______ ______________
Dorchester_______ _____ ______________
East Boston____________________
Boxbury________ ______ ______________
South Boston_________ . . . _________
West Boxbury__________ ______________
Second district of Bristol______________
Third district of Bristol____ _____________
Lawrence district_________________ . . . .
Southern Essex district—__________________
Springfield district______________________
First district of eastern Middlesex____________
Third district of eastern Middlesex________ .
Lowell district_______ ________________________
Somerville district _________ _ ___________
East Norfolk district..___________ _____________
Central district of Worcester________________
Michigan:
Kent County____ ___________ _________________
Wayne County_____________________________
Minnesota:
Hennepin County____ ______ ____________________
Ramsey County__________ ____ _____________
New Jersey:
Atlantic County____ ____ _______ _______ ____ _____
Bergen C o u n ty ________________ ____ ______ ____ _________
Camden County.. ________ ______ ______ ____ ________
Essex County_______ _______________________
Hudson County___________________________________
Mercer County___________ _______ ____ _________________
Middlesex County__________________ __________ . . .
Morris C oun ty_______ ____ ________________
Passaic, County_____ ____________________
Union County___ ________________________ ____
New York:
Albany County______________________________________
Broome County_______________________ ______
Chautauqua County________________________________
Dutchess County____________________ _____ _
Erie County______________________ _________________
Monroe County________________________________
New York (city)______ ____________________________
Niagara County________________________________
Oneida County______ ______________________________
Rensselaer County_________ ______ __________ . . .
Schenectady County_______ _______________ _________
Suffolk County___ "._____ ____ _____________________
Syracuse (city)_________________ ____ ___________ ____
Westchester County__ ______ ____ __________________
Ohio:
Franklin County_______________ _____ ___________
Hamilton County________________________ ____ ____
Mahoning County____ _________________ _____
Montgomery County_______ _______________ ____ ___
Oregon: Multnomah County. ______________________
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County..................................................... ..............
Berks County— ________ _______ ______ ____________________
Montgomery County______ ____ _____________ ____ ____
Philadelphia (city and county)— ................................ ...........
Rhode Island: Sixth district ______________________________
South Carolina: Greenville County___________________________
Utah: Third district____ __________________________
Virginia: Norfolk (city)__________________________________
Washington:
Pierce County____ ________________________________________
Spokane County_____________ . _______
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County___________________
A re as w ith less than 100,000 population _______ ____ _________
50,000, less than 100,000_______________________________________
Less than 50,000______ ___________________________ ___________
Official
Unofficial
A re as
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
828
72
93
146
351
292
188
132
243
175
107
119
243
257
251
148
90
178
385
828
72
93
146
351
292
188
132
243
175
107
119
243
257
251
148
90
178
385
470
2,615
470
2,615
940
406
940
406
163
277
305
1,180
876
434
265
45
165
591
163
270
140
1,103
876
434
264
28
165
591
398
124
134
123
591
171
7,727
' 141
291
134
179
91
206
397
398
124
134
123
591
171
7,727
’ 141
291
134
179
91
206
374
23
1,392
2,298
1,892
454
993
420
85
295
152
223
972
2,213
1,597
302
770
738
83
80
6,787
208
107
1,093
861
738
83
80
1,738
208
79
451
861
5,049
189
592
3,756
9,067
4,270
4,797
105
136
983
6,189
2,947
3,242
84
456
2,773
2,878
1,323
1,555
7
165
77
1
17
28
642
64
JU V ENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e V I I I a .— D is p o s itio n o f b o y s ’ d elin q u en cy cases b y the courts o f 6 S ta tes,
8 0 cou rts that served sp ecified areas w ith 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore p o p u la tio n , a nd 1 6 6
cou rts that served areas w ith less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la tio n i n 1 9 3 8 1
Boys’ delinquency cases
Child kept under Child not kept under supervision of court
supervision of court
Area served by court
Referred
Committed without
to- “
commit
ment to—
bfl
¡0 .3
a.s at
SCO
Total cases 2.
State totals: 2
Connecticut__
Massachusetts.
New Jersey___
New York____
Rhode Island..
Utah.................
A be as w ith 100,000 or more
59,412 19,716
703
681 24,939 4,112
1,224
3,343
1,397
3,674
321
694
27
1,871
572
870
4,845
1
791
3,459
5.798
3.799
10,413
513
1,723
£ ö
►5
128
284
601
649
116
39
Sc-O
1,136 2,195 4,628
322
26
43
54
78
216
1
11
1,393
675
227
523
120
16
730 1,942 3,933
644
604 22,294 3,608
652
P O P U L A T IO N ...................... 51, 391 16,440
11
19
48
Alabama: Mobile County.
139
California:
739
180
7
San Diego County........ 1,132
San Francisco (city and
74
382
36
county)--------- ---------529
Colorado: Denver (city
123
41
25
396
48
and county).......... .........
684
Connecticut:
1
12
178
97
323
Bridgeport (city)..........
22
352
8
162
5
609
Hartford (city)..............
15
63
12
140
New Haven (city)_____
246
"84
59
438
256
517
District of Columbia------ 1,451
11
181
37
108
Florida: Dade County.—
395
"Ï39
64 254
409
Georgia: Fulton County..
880
Indiana:
6
15
78
70
209
Lake County. ...........
341
72
172
48
653
Marion County_____
10
48
59
Vanderburgh County.. .
20
125
495
Iowa: Polk County.........
Louisiana:
8
80
56
76
258
Caddo Parish........... .
217
186
215
750
Orleans Parish________
M aryland : B altim ore
64
36
2,060 277
261
2,812
(city).............................
Massachusetts:
Boston:
330
407
764
Boston (central section)
14
45
63
Brighton..__________
26
49
91
Charlestown.............. .
22
55
134
Dorchester__________
63
215
330
East Boston_________
75
159
273
Roxbury....... ............
45
120
181
South Boston----------41
53
130
West Roxbury............
19
194
230
Second district of Bristol
22
130
167
Third district of Bristol.
3
77
100
Lawrence district_____
30
58
108
Southern Essex district..
89
110
225
Springfield district.......
First district of eastern
20
188
251
Middlesex....................
Third district of eastern
49
117
232
Middlesex.__________
20
107
139
Lowell district_________
1
61
85
Somerville district-------11
63
172
East Norfolk district----Central district of Wor
174
358
cester_______________
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
2 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
65
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e V I I I a .— Disposition o f boys’ delinquency cases by the courts o f 6 States, 80
courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 166 courts
that served areas unth less than 100,000 population in 1983— Continued
Case held open without further
action
Boys’ delinquency cases
Other disposition of
case
Institution
Agency or
individual
Agency or
individual
Institution
Referred
Committed without
commit
to—*
ment to—
Restitution, fine, or
costs ordered
Case dismissed or ad
justed
Under temporary care
of an institution
Agency or individual
supervising
Total
Area served by court
Probation officer super
vising
Child kept under
supervision of court Child not kept under supervision of court
100,000 o b m o r e
Con.
A beas
w it h
p o p u l a t io n —
Michigan:
142
412
2,381 1,384
Minnesota:
775
352
8
12
361
238
92
123
495
28
186
3
3
16
186
44
35
35
30
19
2
6
10
10
151
78
60
22
136
274
110
12
10
22
146
25
18
34
144
264
34
30
3
26
23
17
29
1
8
382
84
1
37
30
162
51
1 3,810
48
77
48
65
13
5
59
15
3
12
8
42
19
350
10
19
12
22
10
14
18
805
944
1,154
17
143
74
21
41
39
2
2
6
32
397
26
3
5
2
89
13
21
4,352
291
New Jersey:
19
141
50
228
144
258
336
Essex County.-"._______ 1,060
154
745
240
406
195
247
14
40
145
95
529
150
New York:
350
145
106
77
4
113
106
56
532
210
143
67
New York (city)_______ 6,854 2,145
124
47
251
81
16
93
Schenectady County___
158
68
Suffolk County___ ".___
49
83
129
190
219
341
Westchester County___
Ohio:
Franklin County........
1,17C
221
Hamilton County_____ lj 841
298
Mahoning County_____ 1,608
265
Montgomery County.. .
322
69
O regon: M u ltn o m a h
County............................
882
323
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County.........
604
487
Berks County...J______
80
59
Montgomery’ C ounty.. .
54
78
Philadelphia (city and
6,119
621
Rhode Island: Sixth district__________________
20i
116
South Carolina: Greenville County____ ______
93
40
Utah: Third district.........
899
301
Virginia: Norfolk (city )...
743
293
Washington:
153
4
610
Spokane County_______
10
Wisconsin: Milwaukee
782
3,256
A
beas
w it h
less
12
9
1
2
2
11
1
8
2
5
1
52
1
6
4
6
9
9
14
3
10
1
1
2i
44
1
8
26
1
2
1
1
2
1
6
2
7
5
6
1
5
15
48
4
1
3
20
12
2
52 16
51
6 19
2
1
6
2
7
7
4
2
5
4
146
4
7
61
1
1
15
1
70
34
1
2
1
288
76
g
1
1
198
46
4
39
6
23
251
18
34
10
1
2
1
19
33
5
24
26
10
3
224
11
6
2
22
16
29
302
85
15
2
10
14
11
8
19
1
34
29
2
2
63
39
98
145
472
48
1
i
3
2
9
3
50
8
30
2
4
79
1
28
1
57
2C
80
69
19
6
271
8
48
6
23
32
557
217
15
15
41
IS
4
23
272
23
31
9
s
33 2,067
64
17
1
than
8,021 3,276
59
77 2,645
504
40
22
44
406
253
695
50,000 less than 100,000___ 3,727 1,638
Less than 50,000.......... ...... 4,294 1,638
9
50
60 1,061
17 1,584
266
238
9
31
8
14
19
25
116
290
130
123
411
284
100,000
p o p u l a t io n .
. ..........
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
66
JUV EN ILE-CO U R T STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e V I I I b .— Disposition o f girls’ delinquency cases by the courts o f 6 States,
79 courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 147
courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1933 1
Girls’ delinquency cases
Total cases 8_________
8,627 2,706
State totals: 8
Connecticut___________
393
Massachusetts_________
391
New Jersey.....................
602
New York____________ 1,410
Rhode Island__________
38
Utah_____________ ____
361
A reas w ith 100,000 or
MORE POPULATION_____
Alabama: Mobile County.
California:
San Diego County.........
San Francisco (city and
county)................. ......
Colorado: Denver (city
and county)....................
Connecticut:
Bridgeport (city)............
Hartford (city)— .........
New Haven (city)..........
District of Columbia........
Florida: Dade County___
Georgia: Fulton County..
Indiana:
Lake County__________
Marion C ou n ty ............
Vanderburgh County.. .
Iowa: Polk County...........
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish.................
Orleans Parish________
Maryland:Baltimore (city)
Massachusetts:
Boston:
Boston (central section)
Brighton____________
Charlestown................
Dorchester..................
East Boston_________
Roxbury......................
South Boston________
West R oxbury...........
Second district o f Bristol
Third district of Bristol.
Lawrence district...........
Southern Essex district.
Springfield district.........
First district of eastern
Middlesex___________
Third district of eastern
Middlesex___________
Lowell district_________
Somerville district_____
East Norfolk district. . .
Central district of Worcester............................
155
280 2,779 1,184
106
187
138
685
26
140
7
1
8
30
4
153
44
99
389
76
74
169
3
2
7
165
10
17
7,581 2,388
26
9
138
1
267 2,472 1,005
7
7
1
195
31
15
119
2
130
63
26
15
17
5
309
139
3
23
28
41
65
62
9
195
117
159
7
26
1
61
20
70
1
19
23
1
52
74
8
12
10
6
35
81
182
24
110
20
36
19
36
4
85
88
261
5
10
70
9
1
64
9
2
12
21
19
7
2
13
8
7
11
18
51
1
2
3
11
7
3
1
6
6
1
2
6
6
4
19
9
5
6
9
3
4
5
1
1
2
3
4
27
17
2
1
1
21
1
1
12
5
41
34
3
9
4
5
24
51
8
14
2
5
22
10
128
20
24
55
1
2
3
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
3
1
5
3
4
<D
ß
I
Case held open without
action
Other disposition of
case
Agency or
individual
Institution
Agency or
individual
Institution
Referred
Committed without
commit
to—
ment to—
Restitution, fine, or
costs ordered
Case dismissed or ad
justed
Under temporary care
of an institution
Total
Area served by court
Agency or individual
supervising
Probation officer su
pervising ^
Child kept under
supervision of court Child not kept under supervision of court
141
97
236
41
405
603
2
9
14
52
3
22
5
3
3
6
18
1
16
20
2
68
42
59
2
12
3
19
353
509
16
9
1—
124
1
1
92
214
3
6
4
1
g
1
1
7
2
4
19
13
4
2
5
2
1
2
7
7
35
2
3
3
3
93
3
4
1
1
1
8
51
11
6
1
2
17
1
2
3
33
9
3
6
5
5
2
1
1
3
1
5
6
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
6
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
8 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
morep opulation and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
67
SOURCE TABLES
T
V I I I b .— Disposition o f girls’ delinquency cases by the courts o f 6 States,
79 courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 147
courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1933— Continued
able
A
reas
w it h
MORE
100,000
reas
Other disposition of
case
Institution
Agency or
individual
Agency or
individual
Institution
Restitution, âne, or
costs ordered
Case dismissed or ad
justed
Referred
Committed without
commit
to—
ment to—
or
POPULATION—
Continued.
Michigan:
Kent County_________
Wayne County...............
Minnesota:
Hennepin County_____
Ramsey County.............
New Jersey:
Atlantic County.............
Bergen County________
Camden County............
Essex County.............
Hudson County_______
Mercer County..............
Middlesex County_____
Morris County________
Passaic County________
Union County_________
New York:
Albany County....... ......
Broome County.............
Chautauqua County___
Dutchess County...........
Erie County...................
Monroe County_______
New York (city)............
Niagara County.............
Oneida County________
Rensselaer County_____
Schenectady County----Suffolk County..............
Syracuse (city).......... .
Westchester County___
Ohio:
Franklin County...........
Hamilton County_____
Mahoning County_____
Montgomery County__
O regon: M u ltn o m a h
County_______________
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County_____
Berks County.................
Montgomery County__
Philadelphia (city and
county).......................
South Carolina: Green
ville County__________
Utah: Third district_____
Virginia: Norfolk (city)...
Washington:
Pierce County...... .........
Spokane County............
Wisconsin:
Milwaukee
County...........................
A
Under temporary care
of an institution
Total
Area served by court
Agency or individual
supervising
Probation officer su
pervising
Child kept under
supervision of court Child not kept under supervision of court
Case held open without further
action
Girls’ delinquency cases
w it h
less
58
234
17
118
4
9
2
27
48
3
26
2
165
54
83
15
3
54
32
7
1
12
2
1
22
49
47
120
131
28
18
5
20
62
3
2
21
41
44
11
8
1
2
5
8
14
3
10
28
10
3
3
2
18
8
19
7
37
54
7
7
1
15
14
48
18
21
17
59
28
873
17
40
41
21
8
16
56
12
4
24
3
5
6
9
5
13
10
134
6
8
6
8
1
4
7
43
17
14
11
6
1
1
4
7
9
8
6
239
7
14
24
4
3
2
7
9
467
11
6
7
2
10
27
13
2
5
222
457
284
132
61
31
21
20
4
11
2
11
2
78
151
219
62
111
13
1
30
49
134
3
2
83
668
141
14
194
118
6
58
33
1
5
31
82
2
2
2
500
223
8
1
1
1
12
1
3
1
5
22
3
2
4
1
5
6
3
5
3
1
3
55
1
1
345
51
28
2
120
37
2
6
3
6
28
9
9
15
3
188
51
7
2
5
10
5
3
2
1
7
1
1
2
4
1
6
1
8
4
1
3
1
1
5
2
16
85
6
9
11
76
9
14
1
15
10
10
8
1
1
3
2
7
9
25
2
38
3
2
12
1
5
1
3
12
2
34
28
1
67
7
4
3
3
2
8
20
9
1
4
10
8
8
1
3
1
11
11
1
5
th an
100,000 POPULATION...........
1,046
318
17
13
307
179
17
5
22
22
52
94
50,000, less than 100,000___
Less than 50,000_________
543
503
203
115
6
11
13
153
154
78
101
12
5
1
4
7
15
4
18
24
28
42
52
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
68
J U V E N IL E -C O U R T STATISTICS, 1933
DEPENDENCY AND NEGLECT CASES
T a b l e I X .— Color, nativity, and parent nativity o f children dead with in dependency
and neglect cases disposed o f by the courts in 1 State, 89 courts that served specified
areas with 100,000 or more population, and 22 courts that served areas with less
than 100,000 population in 1983 1
Dependency and neglect cases
White c lildren
Area served by court
Total
Native,
Col
Native, foreign Native,
parent For Nativ ored
or
chil
native
ity
Total parent mixed
eign not re dren
age
re born ported
parent not
age
ported
age
Total cases2__________________ . . 17,768 15,278
9,294
4,592
1,017
282
93
169
141
14
7
5
2
A reas with 100,000 or more population- 16,739 14,330
8,495
4,463
1,002
282
88
2,409
20
14
14
393
490
345
453
266
198
67
184
9
54
2
6
1
11
48
37
68
119
266
472
193
53
104
129
457
176
19
52
116
327
176
30
49
4
11
4
2
9
116
1
150
189
354
137
155
325
82
155
310
49
4
2
190
187
471
155
124
362
155
63
137
9
70
11
155
41
35
63
109
184
477
182
432
132
200
2
196
44
22
4
5
2
45
331
192
316
191
240
176
52
14
24
1
15
1
140
103
4,402
124
98
556
135
102
3,773
124
96
485
64
73
1,353
104
52
202
64
28
1,973
20
39
257
221
224
1
2
5
1
629
5
14
11
1
2
71
595
274
151
285
685
489
184
136
236
675
446
160
57
228
556
19
19
64
8
55
20
3
12
2
54
10
763
6
55
Philadelphia (city and county).......... 2,347
87
109
118
Washington:
127
209
779
636
6
46
1,740
77
109
99
388
6
38
1,006
77
83
96
225
23
8
709
13
2
10
13
1
7
1
5
1
1
126
207
■739
121
181
386
5
26
178
175
1,029
948
799
129
15
5
81
697
332
660
288
570
229
78
51
8
7
4
1
37
44
169
California:
San Diego County_________________
San Francisco (city and county).........
Connecticut:
Indiana:
Louisiana:
Michigan:
Wayne County....................................
Minnesota:
New York:
New York (city)__________________
Westchester County...........................
Ohio:
Mahoning County—. ...................... .
Pennsylvania:
A reas with less than 100.000 populaTION.....................................................
2,490
6
5
15
127
15
17
3
15
9
7
4
3
13
34
29
106
90
15
49
10
127
9
607
10
19
1
2
40
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
2 All figures for the State for which a total is given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
69
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e X . — Reason for reference to court o f children in families represented in de
pendency and neglect cases disposed o f by the courts in 1 State, 89 courts that
served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 22 courts that served
areas with less than 100,000 population in 1938 1
Families represented in dependency and neglect cases
Reason for reference of child to court
With
out ad
equate
Total care or
support
from
parent
or
guard
ian
Area served by court
Total cases2________________________
10,388
7,548
350
100
61
13
10
11
m o r e p o p u l a t i o n ___
9,748
7,155
333
238
Alabama: Mobile County__________
California:
San Diego County_________ ______ _____
San Francisco (city and c o u n t y )............
Connecticut:
Bridgeport (city)______________________
Hartford (city)................. ......... ........... .
District of Columbia__________
Florida: Dade County___________________
Georgia: Fulton County. _______________
Indiana:
Lake County_________________________
Marion County______________
Iowa: Polk County__________________ ___
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish____________________
Orleans Parish______________________
Maryland: Baltimore (city)________ •___
Michigan:
Kent County_________________
Wayne County-------------------------- ; _____
Minnesota:
Hennepin County_________________
Ramsey County_______________________
New York:
Erie County_____ ____________________
Monroe County_______________________
New York (city)____________________
Rensselaer County.. ___________
Syracuse (c it y )..._______ __________
Westchester County_______________
Ohio:
Franklin County_________________
Hamilton County__________________
Mahoning County__________________
Montgomery County_______________
Oregon: Multnomah County_________
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County__________________
Berks County_______________ ____
Montgomery County________________
Philadelphia (city and county)________
South Carolina: Greenville C ou n tv___
Utah: Third district______________
Virginia: Norfolk (city)........................
Washington:
Pierce County............... ......... ...................
Spokane County____ __________________
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County___ ____
15
2
245
281
120
223
38
84
153
237
114
State total: U tah2________ ___________
A
A
Living Physi
cally
Aban
under
Abuse
don
condi handi
ment or cruel tions capped Other
or de treat injuri and in reason
sertion ment ous to need of
morals public
care
r e a s with
100,000 o r
r e a s w it h le ss t h a n
100,000 p o p u l a t i o n .
50,000, less than 100,000_______ ______
Less than 50,000____ ______ ___________
.
262
957
1,246
25
902
1,096
24
1
11
1
8
8
34
12
80
38
30
76
148
213
87
1
1
4
1
1
6
6
4
6
6
87
104
222
74
99
143
3
2
13
4
129
150
267
94
126
261
6
6
3
i
117
278
92
271
6
6
4
228
93
224
93
3
117
48
2,460
80
71
454
12
47
1,905
52
14
77
369
171
119
155
406
1
2
19
14
1
6
3
5
57
18
18
2
1
10
1
4
1
1
2
3
1
285
1
4
14
100
4
19
1
6
1
237
96
65
113
379
11
11
5
8
17
1
48
21
64
u
9
16
21
7
i
366
4
16
1,173
52
72
76
358
1
13
822
32
47
51
2
1
157
2
8
7
49
5
7
i
1
2
85
13
7
17
107
150
440
90
77
301
5
i
30
5
17
15
5
34
93
21
i
640
393
17
24
55
150
i
455
185
269
124
14
3
12
12
41
14
119
31
i
i
4
1
1
27
356
1
4
5
i
38
22
3
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
aAll figures for the State for which a total is given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
70
JUV EN ILE-CO U R T STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e X I .— P la ce o f care o f child p en d in g hearing or d isp o sitio n i n d ep en d en cy
and neglect cases d isp o sed o f b y the courts i n 1 State, 8 9 courts that served specified
areas with 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore p o p u la tio n , a n d 2 2 cou rts that served areas w ith less
than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la tio n i n 1 9 8 8 1
Dependency and neglect cases
Detent on care ovem] ght or
Ion ger in sp ecified pi ace
Area served by court
No re
port
No de Board
as to
Total tention
ing
Other Other deten
Deten
home
care
insti place of tion
tion
orother hom
care
e8 tution care8
family
home
Total cases *_________________________ 17,768
11,227
548
1,293
4,163
25
169
123
15
3
27
1
16,739
20
10,337
16
479
1
1,261
3
4,128
22
393
490
302
450
4
U
39
15
1
58
119
256
472
193
45
85
242
425
157
3
3
2
3
4
30
13
i
33
6
1
i
41
1
150
189
354
89
166
185
13
5
19
33
141
15
28
9
190
187
471
133
103
449
1
6
12
46
4
184
477
Minnesota:
Hennepin County.
...
331
Ramsev C o u n t y _ _____
192
New York:
Erie County
.
._ .
140
Monroe County . . . . ___ _
103
New York (eityl . . .
__ _
_ .
4,402
Rensselaer C o n h t y ..._________
' 124
Syracuse (city) ’ .
_ ___ ____
98
Westchester County .
556
Ohio:
Franklin County ... .
595
Hamilton County
._ _
274
Mahoning County .
_
_ ___ .
151
Montgomery County
____
285
Oregon: Multnomah County_____________
685
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County.
_ . . .
763
Berks County.-.1_____________________
6
Montgomery' County___ ______________
55
2,347
South Carolina: Greenville County_______
87
Utah: Third district
..............’ . .
109
Virginia: Norfolk (city)__________________
118
Washington:
Pierce County____ ____________________
127
Spokane County______________________
209
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County .............
779
135
317
1
114
45
25
310
188
13
2
117
31
1,016
112
81
486
18
45
494
246
97
183
555
11
4
11
13
78
w ith 100,000 or m ore
Alabama: Mobile County
California:
A re as
population ___
San Francisco (city and county)
Connecticut:
Hartford (city)’ "
. . .........
District of Columbia
_ _
_.. .
Florida: Dade County.............. ........... ........
Georgia: Fulton County
_ .
Indiana:
Lake County
.
_
Marion County..... Iowa: Polk County . __ . . .
Louisiana:
................
Caddo Parish
Orleans Parish
Maryland: Baltimore (city)
Michigan:
Kent C ou n ty .... - ____
- - -
A reas
with less than
100,000 population __
50,000, less than 100,000___________________
Less than 50,000_________________________
1,029
697
332
3
6
35
2,020
78
77
96
3
9
7
15
112
139
506
2
1
890
611
279
69
44
25
512
1
2
1
9
74
9
1
3
21
8
2
2
3
27
3,386
16
1
10
67
10
31
82
6
23
14
257
3
1
h
60
512
u
7
39
3
5
318
3
i
22
6
h
66
273
32
25
7
1
2
5
500
17
1
2
3
35
15
20
3
2
i
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
8 Includes cases of children cared for part of the time in detention homes and part of the time elsewhere,
but excludes cases of children also held in jails or police stations.
8 Includes 5 children cared for in jail or police station (1 in San Diego County, Calif., 1 in Multnomah
County, Oreg., 1 in the second district of Utah, 1 in Kenosha County, Wis., and 1 in Lake County, Ohio),
and 20 children cared for in other places.
* All figures for the State for which a total is given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
71
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e X I I .— D isp o s itio n o f d ep en d en cy a n d neglect cases d isp o sed o f b y the courts
i n 3 States, Jfl courts that served specified areas w ith 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore p o p u la tio n ,
and 1 2 5 courts that served areas w ith less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la tio n i n 1 9 3 3 1
Child kept under
supervision of
court
Ù
Area served by court
©
GO
0
T3
0
E m
U
0
O bD
© g .9 2>
0
o >
>
0>§
03
rO
1
CD
o
So
m
Ah
Total
Pi
Total cases2________ 21,605 3,204 1,801
State totals: 2
Connecticut_________
New York___________
Utah______________ ..
19
930
8,871 1,374
21
169
Child not kept under supervision of court
5
277
11
u
03
SH
h -2
2.T
3h
O
a^
l
+» 0
©«2
H3 ©
0
T3
o3
h
0
Committed to—
■ fa
g3
0
O
Ö
©
1
o
tuo
0
w
a
*3
0
2
3
a
w
>
»
Ü
a
©
<
©
0
3
O
o
0
O
Referred
without
commit
ment to—
O 03
a
p
0
Crl
§1
0
w
O
Pi
'O
©
Xi
O
Case held open without further
action
Dependency and neglect cases
965 6,129 2,586 2,138 497 1,423
918
936 1,008
153 10
4
613 160 1,348
12 10
57
196
12
50
742
3
48
332
4
846 5,340 2,194 1,842 344 1,022
773
478
761
29
10
28
6
5
2
1
8
1
il
21
6
32
12
409
174
1
5 2,709 1,115
11
59
26
A keas with 100,000 ob
MOEE POPULATION___
Alabama: Mobile County
California:
San Diego County
San Francisco (city
and county)...............
Connecticut:
Bridgeport (city)_____
Hartford (city)I.______
New Haven (city)___
District of Columbia____
Florida: Dade County__
Georgia: Fulton County—
Indiana:
Lake County................
Marion County_______
Iowa: Polk County
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish
Orleans Parish_______
Maryland:
Baltimore
(city)________________
Michigan:
Kent County_________
Wayne County_______
Minnesota:
Hennepin County
Ramsey County.'_____
New York:
Albany County
Broome County
Dntohftss'Connty
Erie County_________
Monroe County
New York (city)
Westchester County__
Ohio:
Hamilton County____
Montgomery County..
18,129 2,969 1,560
20
2
1
5
4
2
4
1
393
69
12
20
220
490
72
316
15
75
58
119
95
256
472
193
2
6
64
16
169
2
28
87
6
16
19
15
8
190
38
31
52
49
2
2
16
150
189
3j54
29
49
128
13
21
1
15
105
23
27
23
74
102
190
187
1
27
14
11
45
26
37
32
2
11
3
30
20
55
8
27
14
47
10
63
138
212
184
477
26
67
15
237
8
7
123
64
5
11
1
10
1
189
139
1
1
39
3
23
5
79
36
147
7
10
148
6
25
1,749
1
23
14
40
2
2
71
5
7
5
8
68
23
40
29
58
38
18
40
1
5
14
116
83
6
14
95
60
149
47
19
277
188
72
351
140
1
103
4,402 1,256
98
198
1
124
1
111
1
98
556
16
25
7
20
24
14
595
274
151
285
32
20
6
8
6
20
2
19
2
304
37
22
39
2
1
471
331
192
4
2
16
901
6
2
7
5
5
2
5
98
20
8
2
18
3
2
3
20
1
25
4
1
24
25
10
4
21
57
4
2
79
1
2
2
3
16
10
1
15
1
5
3
10
16
9
15
16
2
257
68
89
17
35
44
252
176
14
36
6
18
34
1
3
9
39
12
57
7
115
10
56
20
20
60
15
7
4
13
52
49
28
61
2
3
2
16
100
9
2
1
11
8
7
12
8
7
41
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
2 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4ii.irn ifT.riraAL & MEOflAHIOAt
72
JU V EN ILE-CO U R T STATISTICS, 1933
T a b l e X I I .— D is p o s itio n o f d ep en d en cy a n d neglect cases d isp o sed o f b y the cou rts
i n 8 S ta tes, 4 7 cou rts that served sp ecified areas w ith 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore p o p u la tio n ,
a n d 1 2 5 cou rts that served areas w ith less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la tio n i n 1 9 8 8 — C on .
Case held open without further
action
Agency or
individual
Referred
without
commit
ment to—
Institution
Individual
Agency
Institution
Committed to—
Other disposition of case
Case dismissed or ad
justed
Under temporary care
of an institution
Child not kept under supervision of court
Agency or individual
supervising
Total
Area served by court
Child kept under
supervision of
court
Probation officer super
vising
Dependency and neglect cases
A reas with 100,000 or
MORE POPULATION—
Continued.
O r e g o n : Multnomah
County____________
685
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County........
763
Berks County________
6
Montgomery County
55
Philadelphia (city and
count y)____________ 2,347
South Carolina: Greenville County_________
87
Utah: Third district
109
Virginia: Norfolk (city)..
118
Washington:
Pierce County............
127
Spokane County______
209
Wisconsin: Milwaukee
County______________
779
79
114
48
646
1
39
3
111
120
2
13
19
4
38
1
112
95
3,476
235
241
50,000, less than 100,000—. 1,563
Less than 50,000________ 1, 913
167
68
49
192
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
11
1
13
19
10
11
A reas with less than
100,000 POPULATION.......
196
14
5
3
10
5
65
7
18
125
3
4
1
24
3
3
34
2
26
3
22
24
56
3
14
14
30
2
1,202
3^6
531 115
15
48
28
2
7
1
2
10
5
1
15
53
4
6
2
308
183
23
32
119
789
392
296 153
401
145
458
247
103
16
421
368
87
305
115
181
62
91
213
188
88
57
165
293
93
154
4
26
9
22
17
18
73
SOURCE TABLES
CASES OF CHILDREN DISCHARGED FROM SUPERVISION
T
X I I I .— Reason fo r discharge in cases o f delinquent children discharged from,
supervision hy the courts in 3 States, 4-3 courts that served specified areas with
100,000 or more population, and 48 courts that served areas with less than 100,000
population in 1933 1
able
Cases of delinquent children discharged from supervision
1,797
284
1,533
209
445
1,202
1,487
761
814
264
448
127
906
150
53
8
12
53
207
34
13
14
2
15
14
24
A reas w ith 100,000 or more population . 11,865
7,578
1,505
187
1,453
184
379
30
27
State totals: 1
Connecticut.
New Jersey.
Utah............
2
Alabama: Mobile County......................
California:
24
1
11
2
6
143
205
San Diego County.....................- .......
37
33
9
1
1
218
308
San Francisco (city and county)----1
40
41
Colorado: Denver (city and county)—
Connecticut:
2
1
5
2
2
63
85
Bridgeport (city)............... ............... .
1ßfi
1
10
152
Hartford (city).............................. —
1
7
3
12
133
158
New Haven (city)------------------------43
4
56
43
5
298
573
District of Columbia________________
8
15
7
3
111
146
Florida: Dade County.........................
35
12
40
3
122
3
216
Georgia: Fulton C o u n ty .....................
Indiana:
3
8
2
2
6
63
86
Lake County...... ....................... .......
7
4
3
2
46
Vanderburgh County........................
15
29
142
10
78
Iowa: Polk County— ...........................
1
9
62
47
122
Louisiana: Orleans Parish-----------------18
85
6
1
8
241
366
Maryland: Baltimore (city).................
4
134
1,004
Michigan: Wayne County----------------Minnesota:
54
5
8
518
Hennepin County____ ____________
1
35
4
247
289
Ramsey County...... ............ - ...........
New Jersey:
1
2
15
Atlantic County.................................
1
8
24
35
Bergen County— ....... ....................
9
3
1
2
64
96
Camden County.................— ..........
1
2
98
1
217
129
471
Essex County....... ..................... .......
4
14
3
137
48
228
Hudson County..... ........................ —
1
1
24
209
181
Mercer County................... ..............
16
147
Middlesex County.......................... 1
8
2
Morris County...................................
1
1
19
44
67
Passaic County......... ........................
6
15
5
4
132
21
186
Union County...... .............................
New York:
12
6
17
Erie County.......................................
9
13
162
Monroe County.................................
33
10
307
41
22
New York (city)................................ 2,244 1,809
1
1
6
26
Rensselaer C ou n ty...-------------------7
1
18
56
Syracuse (city)— .............................
3
44
17
10
247
327
Westchester County..........................
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
,
.
.
. ,_____„„
2 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
1148
K
Q
4
187
191
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
117
Reason not reported
8,466
Total cases 2.
Other reason
Expiration of period speci
fied by court
Child committed or re
ferred to agency or indi
vidual
Whereabouts of child un
known, or child moved
from jurisdiction of court
Conduct of child satisfac
tory or conditions im
proved
13,523
Area served hy court
Conduct of child or condi
tions unsatisfactory but
further supervision not
advised
Total
Child committed or re
ferred to institution
Reason for discharge
786
3
127
Ï
73
91 —
576
3
1
18
9
10
3
2
124
2
1
2
10
2
7
6
—-
__
—
----
i
__
9
2
2
16
23
22
2
1
2
2
3
3
3
21
1
109
6
Ï
__
__
....
i
—
1An Ann
100,000 or
74
JUVENILE-CO U RT STATISTICS, 1933
Reason fo r discharge in cases o f delinquent children discharged from
* ke COyrtJ ln 3 States, 43 courts that served specified areas with
100,000 or more population, and 48 courts that served areas with less than 100,000
population m 1933 — Continued
’
T able X III.
Cases of delinquent children discharged from supervision
Reason for discharge
A
A
re as
w it h
1 0 0 ,0 0 0
or
m o re
popula
w it h
t io n
less
th an
1 0 0 ,0 0 0
________________
less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 .
Less than 5 0 ,0 0 0 ............. ..
5 0 ,0 0 0 ,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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t i o n —C ontinued.
Ohio:
Hamilton County_____________
Montgomery C ounty.."IIIIIIIIIIII
Oregon: Multnomah County..
Pennsylvania:
Berks County_____________________
Philadelphia (city and county)_____
South Carolina: Greenville County__
Utah: Third district_______
Virginia: Norfolk (city)................ I
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County .
reas
I I
.a m
Area served by court
228
59
298
11
653
46
3 06
304
597
97
32
2 07
13
5
1
35
4
31
8
58
4 03
20
2 15
2 55
4 94
1 ,6 5 8
678
9 80
97
379
509
80
25
66
210
54
156
75
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e X I V .— R ea so n f o r discharge i n cases o f depend ent and neglected children
discharged f r o m s u p er v isio n b y the courts i n 2 S ta tes, 2 3 courts that served specified
areas w ith 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore p o p u la tio n , and 11 courts that served areas w ith less
than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la tio n i n 1 9 3 3 1
Cases of dependent and neglected children discharged from
supervision
Total cases 1___ ________________ 3,395
State totals^
2,281
3
27
3
9
A reas w ith 100,000 or more population . 3,181
2,201
California:
Connecticut:
98
59
New York:
Pennsylvania: Philadelphia (city and
South Carolina: Greenville County-----
A re as
w ith less than 100,000 popula
tion ....... .......... .......... ............................ -
72
49
157
121
2
2
4
7
3
65
263
364
134
104
3
32
13
22
1
11
2
7
2
99
24
11
11
5
1
9
2
1
2
1
2
23
69
13
109
636
65
119
15
3
29
4
55
608
244
57
153
35
14
943
51
7
92
11
746
19
50
3
3
9
200
119
16
15
6
10
1
1
8
2
, 7
92
214
80
168
46
47
33
1
1
1
5
4
3
5
17
1
12
9
1
15
6
23
6
8
6
10
4
49
8
32
3
3
9
3
12
1
21
23
104
4
20
19
1
1
1
2
2
25
11
__
__
1
1
17
8
17
4
4
12
3
5
4
42
23
14
14
43
23
17
17
6
14
13
41
20
16
2
1
2
19
1
1
7
3
1
18
17
160
| Reason not reported
407
1
1
Other reason
Child committed or re
ferred to agency or indi
vidual
Whereabouts of child un
known, or child moved
from j urisdiction of court
277
5
25
40
Child committed or re
ferred to institution
79
193
155
20
Minnesota:
Conduct of child or condi
tions unsatisfactory but
further supervision not
advised
Total
Area served by court
Expiration of period speci
fied by court
Conduct of child satisfac- ,
tory or conditions im
proved
Reason for discharge
1
4
3
1
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
2 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
76
JTJYENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1933
T able X V .— Length o f time child was under supervision in cases o f delinquent
children discharged from supervision by the courts in 8 States, ¿8 courts that
served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 48 courts that served
areas with less than 100,000 population in 1988 1
Cases of delinquent children
Duration of supervision
Area served by court
6
1 year,
18
2
Total
Less
months, years, 3 years Not re
than 6 months, less
or
less
than
18
less
than
less
ported
months
than 12 months 2 years than 3 more
Total cases2__________
13,523
4,249
4,529
2,653
888
786
414
4
State totals: 2
Connecticut________
New Jersey___________________
Utah__________________
1,202
1,487
761
519
234
289
460
296
305
168
665
80
32
88
65
14
121
19
90
3
3
3,416
18
4,019
7
2,482
3
815
746
2
383
4
50
158
14
55
88
8
21
42
5
25
12
3
34
6
1
2
9
1
18
9
82
95
114
68
47
52
72
191
26
109
16
73
4
156
6
31
4
14
11
56
59
5
3
60
49
36
105
70
187
16
13
52
17
103
399
9
28
13
11
76
264
51
132
56
117
10
49
240
53
275
113
47
72
14
24
14
24
4
15
20
5
32
95
15
104
5
2
4
34
4
22
32
205
122
23
101
3
38
105
16
ii
866
13
7
56
28
50
1,122
5
32
73
88
59
199
17
68
69
69
19
139
67
10
68
1
302
16
68
9
164
6
214
14
162
84
146
35
140
165
833
354
479
510
194
316
171
68
103
73
33
40
A reas with 100,000 or more popuLATION................................. ........
11,865
Alabama: Mobile County_________
30
California:
San Diego County______________
205
San Francisco (city and county)-308
Colorado: Denver (city and county)41
Connecticut:
Bridgeport (city)...........................
85
Hartford (city)______________ ..
166
New Haven (city)_____ _________
158
District of Columbia_________
573
Florida: Dade County— . .
146
Georgia: Fulton County__________
216
Indiana:
Lake County......... .......... ......
86
Vanderburgh County____
62
Iowa: Polk County_______
142
Louisiana: Orleans Parish
122
Maryland: Baltimore (city). .
366
Michigan: Wayne County___ _
1,148
Minnesota:
Hennepin County__
594
Ramsey County.........
289
New Jersey:
Atlantic County............
18
Bergen County............ ..........
35
Camden C oun ty______
96
Essex County________
471
Hudson County______ _
228
Mercer County.. .
209
Middlesex County..
164
Morris County..
13
Passaic County___
67
Union County...
186
New York:
Erie County.......... .........
155
Monroe County........... .
187
New York (city)...
2,244
Rensselaer County___
35
Syracuse (city)_______
191
Westchester County____
327
Ohio:
Hamilton County .
228
Montgomery County.
59
Oregon: Multnomah County . .
298
Pennsylvania:
Berks County_________
11
Philadelphia (city and county)__
653
South Carolina: Greenville Countv
46
Utah: Third district—............
306
Virginia: Norfolk (city)_____
304
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County
597
A reas with less than 100,000 popuLATION.............................
1,658
50,000, less than 100,000_____
678
Less than 50,000___
980
14
8
29
53
7
80
8
16
1
3
30
34
37
1
1
41
3
18
8
7
8
16
34
44
26
12
44
49
40
50
30
36
20
36
23
6
22
3
28
5
4
1
10
7
17
1
79
1
28
22
68
25
46
8
40
19
211
21
31
7
1
31
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
2 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
77
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e X Y I .— Length o f time child was under supervision in cases o f dependent
and neglected children discharged from supervision by the courts in 2 States, 23
courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 11 courts
that served areas urith less than 100,000 population in 1933 1
Cases of dependent and neglected children discharged
from supervision
Duration of supervision
Area served by court
Total
6
1 year,
2
18
3
Less
less
months, years, years
than 6 months,
less
than
18
less
than
less
or
months
than 12 months 2 years than 3 more
3,395
1,016
853
426
319
..........................- .............. ......
3
27
2
3
1
10
2
12
A bbas WITH 100,000 OB MOBE POPULATION___
3,181
961
814
390
98
59
29
14
10
24
1
2
193
155
20
23
69
13
109
636
2
32
86
1
13
18
10
35
69
244
57
State totals: *
Utah
California:
Connecticut:
Minnesota:
Hennepin County___________ _____ _
New York:'
Pennsylvania: Philadelphia (city and
ABEAS WITH LESS THAN 100,000 POPULATION..
60,000, less than 100,000...............................
354
427
275
334
407
27
11
11
7
19
2
2
1
47
48
3
1
6
3
25
112
34
12
6
5
12
27
7
4
2
6
26
2
6
2
14
27
16
69
12
74
21
96
216
41
12
43
16
34
4
22
6
42
19
62
1
14
943
51
7
92
456
11
4
30
1
362
8
1
32
5
80
12
3
8
4
4
6
2
9
1
31
14
2
4
200
18
17
160
38
.12
2
46
33
2
3
33
25
25
2
27
10
11
31
12
214
55
39
36
44
20
20
168
46
39
16
32
7
29
7
36
8
16
4
16
4
1
13
15
2
23
1
56
3
1 Population according to the 1930 census.
* All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
51030
-36-
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
6
Part II—FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
SO U R C E OF IN F O R M A T IO N
This report for 1933 on Federal juvenile offenders is the first
report covering the cases oi juveniles who violated Federal laws
that were disposed of during an entire calendar year by Federal
authorities. Prior to July 1932 the statistics of such cases were
limited to special studies and a few counts made from records of
cases of juveniles in the Bureau of Prisons of the Department of
Justice filed with the records of cases of adults who had been arrested
by Federal authorities. The first comprehensive Nation-wide sta
tistics based on records from the juvenile index file established in
the Bureau of Prisons covered the period July 1 to December 31,
1932,1 and included all cases of offenders under 19 years of age
disposed of by Federal authorities. ^The statistics for 1933 are also
based on records of cases of Federal juvenile offenders under 19 years
of age that appear in the juvenile index file and that were disposed
of during the year. These statistics are compiled and published
by the Children’s Bureau as part of its cooperation with the Depart
ment of Justice in furthering that Department’s program for the
treatment of Federal juvenile offenders according to juvenile-court
principles, including the transfer of such offenders to the jurisdic
tion of State authorities when such transfer is to the best interest
of the juvenile and the Federal Government.
C ASES R E P O R TE D IN 1933 A N D LA ST 6 M O N T H S OF 1932
Number o f Cases.
During the year 1933, 2,106 cases of juveniles under the age of
19 years, of which 1,969 were boys’ cases and 137 were girls’ cases,
were disposed of by Federal authorities after arrest on charges of
violation of Federal laws. They include cases referred from all the
48 States and from Alaska and Puerto Rico.2 They do not include
such cases in the District of Columbia.3 The number of cases dis
posed of by each State and by Alaska and Puerto Rico in the three
6-month periods between July 1, 1932, and December 31, 1933,
and m the calendar year 1933 is shown in table A. From this area
1,310 cases were disposed of between January 1 and June 30, 1933,
and 796 between July 1 and December 31, 1933. These numbers
may be compared with 1,168 cases disposed of in the last 6 months
of 1932.
During these 18 months there were several factors that might be
expected to influence the statistics. Significant changes in policies
regarding prohibition occurred during the period, and the eighteenth
amendment to the Constitution was repealed in November 1933.
Immigration policies were modified in the direction of greater con
sideration of individual circumstances. Another factor was the
work done by the Bureau of Prisons and the Children’s Bureau in
’ Juveime-Court Statistics and Federal Juvenile Offenders, 1932. U. S. Children's Bureau Publication
¿Ho. Washington, 1935.
* In the tables the word “ State” includes Alaska and Puerto Rico.
3
In the District of Columbia all courts are Federal, but their administrative relation to the Department
or Justice differs from that of other Federal courts.
jno.
78
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
FED ERAL JU VEN ILE OFFENDERS,
79
1933
developing the policy of the Department of Justice that ^Federal
juvenile offenders should be treated in accordance with juvenilecourt principles.
T a b l e A . — Number of cases o f Federal juvenile offenders disposed o f by Federal
authorities in each State, July 1—Dec. SI, 1932, and in 1933
o
<D
N
thS
1933
1933
Total cases—
1,168
56
46
26
27
20
9
2
41
46
10
40
11
2
5
81
39
9
24
3
10
14
35
32
Jan.1June30
*3
Total
State
July 1Dec. 31
a
2,106
1,310
796
75
24
32
18
12
12
49
30
14
21
17
11
3
4
17
49
1
30
8
3
10
45
12
12
7
2
13
13
13
24
124
54
46
39
29
23
3
4
57
144
3
76
19
7
19
110
62
17
34
2
25
18
49
67
40
95
2
46
11
4
9
65
50
5
27
12
5
36
43
State
a
Montana_______
Nebraska_______
Nevada—....... —
New HampshireNew Jersey------New Mexico____
New York--------North Carolina—
North Dakota-—
Ohio—_________
Oklahoma...........
Oregon_________
Pennsylvania—
Puerto R ico-----Rhode Island___
South Carolina. South Dakota. —
Tennessee______
Texas__________
Utah...................
Vermont_______
Virginia_______
Washington-----West Virginia—
Wisconsin_____
Wyoming..........
7
6
4
1
5
12
38
62
12
12
71
3
15
4
3
35
5
27
157
3
15
21
13
45
2
2
8
1
2
1
14
43
83
124
3
24
110
11
25
14
1
71
6
45
348
2
16
18
10
79
8
a
'S ©
17
69
2
17
13
1
52
2
33
234
1
5
14
5
46
19
4
12
114
1
11
4
5
33
Geographic Distribution.
The cases of Federal juvenile offenders came particularly from the
South. Sixty-six percent of the cases disposed of between July 1
and December 31, 1932, 73 percent between January 1 and June 30,
1933, and 59 percent between July 1 and December 31, 1933, were
from the three southern divisions, which contain only 30 percent ol
the total population of the United States. In the South, too, the
greatest variation appears in the number of cases disposed ol m the
three 6-month periods. The 950 cases disposed of between January
and June 1933 constitute an increase of 24 percent over the 767
cases disposed of during the last 6 months of 1932. But only 468
cases were disposed of in the South between July and December
1933: this is 51 percent less than the number disposed of in the hrst b
months of 1933 and 39 percent less than the number disposed ol m
the last 6 months of 1932. The number of cases disposed ol in the
four northern divisions was relatively small in proportion to the
population, whereas in the two western divisions it was m about
the same proportion as the population. In each of the three southern
divisions the number of cases disposed of between January and June
1933 was greater than the number disposed of during the precedmg
6 months. In two of the northern divisions and in one western
division the number of cases was somewhat smaller during this period
than during the preceding 6 months. In all but two divisions ol the
country there were fewer cases in the last 6 months of 1933 than, m
either of the preceding 6-month periods (table B).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
80
T
FED ERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
B .— Population in 1980 and number o f cases o f Federal juvenile offenders
disposed of by Federal authorities in each geographic division, July 1 -D ec. 81,1982,
and in 1988
able
Gases of Federal juvenile offenders disposed of
Population in
1930
July 1-Dec.
31, 1932
Total
Geographic division
Number
Jan. 1-June30 July 1-Dec. 31
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
cent
cent
cent
cent
cent
dis- Num dis- Num dis- Num dis- Num distritriber
ber
triber
triber
tribububububution
tion
tion
tion
tion
Total________________ 123,891,368
100
1,168
100
2,106
100
1,310
100
796
100
Continental United States i_ 122,288,177
99
1,118
96
2,038
97
1,273
97
765
96
73,021,191
59
242
21
435
21
228
17
207
26
New England______ 8,166,341
Middle Atlantic____ 26, 260,760
East North Central- 25,297,185
West North Central. 13,296,915
7
21
20
11
33
58
75
76
3
5
6
7
40
122
152
121
2
6
7
6
11
68
86
63
1
5
7
5
29
54
66
58
4
7
8
7
3 southern divisions........ 37,370,764
30
767
66
1,418
67
950
73
468
59
South Atlantic1____ 15,306,720
East South Central-. 9,887, 214
West South Central- 12,176,830
12
8
10
274
199
294
23
17
25
531
328
559
25
16
27
370
209
371
28
16
28
161
119
188
20
15
24
4 northern divisions____
2 western divisions_____
11,896,222
10
109
9
185
9
95
7
90
11
Mountain............ .
Pacific......................
3, 701,789
8,194,433
3
7
73
36
6
3
135
50
6
2
76
19
6
1
59
31
7
4
Alaska______ ______ _______
Puerto Rico...........................
59,278
1,543,913
1
46
4
4
(»)
54
14
3
1
24
13
2
1
30
1
(3)
4
(3)
1 Exclusive of the District of Columbia,
s Less than 1 percent.
Sex, Race, and Age o f Offenders.
The great majority of the Federal juvenile offenders are boys.
During 1933 girls’ cases represented only 7 percent of the total.
Approximately two-thirds of both boys and girls who came to the
attention of Federal authorities during the year were white. Among
the boys’ cases, Negro and Mexican boys were represented in equal
proportions (15 percent), whereas of the girls’ cases 6 percent were
of Negro girls and 18 percent were of Mexican girls (table C). Of
the 325 cases of Mexican juvenile offenders 15 were disposed of in
New Mexico, 37 in Arizona, and 265 in Texas. In the great majority
of cases involving Mexican children the arrests had been made on
account of violations of the Immigration Act.
Young children were dealt with infrequently. Approximately half
of both boys and girls— 49 and 48 percent, respectively— were 18
years of age; 17-year-old children were involved in 29 percent of the
boys’ and 26 percent of the girls’ cases during 1933. A larger pro
portion of boys under 17 (26 percent) were involved in cases during
the last 6 months of 1933 than in either of the preceding 6-month
periods (19 percent in the first 6 months of 1933 and 20 percent in
the last 6 months of 1932). The age distribution of the girls is
variable owing to the small number of cases disposed of (table D ).
Frequently an offense which is a violation of a Federal law also
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81
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
constitutes an act of juvenile delinquency under the State law.
In many communities minor violations of Federal laws, and some
times even serious violations, are dealt with by the juvenile court.
During 1933 children of juvenile-court ages were involved in 25
percent of the total cases of Federal juvenile offenders— 16 percent
of the cases disposed of in the Northern States, 23 percent of the
cases in the Southern States, and 64 percent of the cases in the Western
States. (See table E.) The relative frequency of cases of children
of juvenile-court age dealt with by Federal courts in the different
sections of the country is associated with the age jurisdiction of the
juvenile courts established under State law, the community attitude
toward reference to juvenile rather than Federal courts, and the
degree of development of the State facilities for juvenile-court and
probation work.
Place of Arrest— H om e State or Contiguous State.
Most of the arrests were made in the States in which the juveniles
were resident. Only 24 percent of the boys and 35 percent of the
girls dealt with in 1933 for whom place of arrest was reported were
arrested outside their home States. The number of boys and girls
arrested in their own home States and elsewhere were:
Boys’ cases Girls’ cases
Place of arrest
1,969
137
1,294
418
71
39
Contiguous to home State............................................ - ....................................
Not contiguous to home State----------------------------------------------------------------
104
314
12
Not reported whether home State----------------------------------------------------------------
257
27
Total cases-------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------
T
able
C .— Sex and race o f Federal juvenile offenders whose cases were disposed of
by Federal authorities July 1—Dec. 81, 1982, and in 19S8
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders disposed of
1933
Sex and race of juvenile
July 1-Dec. 31,
1932
Num
ber
It
*
Num
ber
July 1-Dec. 31
Jan. 1-June 30
Total
Percent
distri
bution
Percent
distri
bution
Num
ber
1,168
2,106
1,310
1,066
1,969
1,237
Percent
distri
bution
Num
ber
Percent
distri
bution
796
732
1,030
100
1,950
100
1,229
100
721
100
71
13
12
4
1,309
283
301
50
7
19
137
67
15
15
3
806
199
203
18
3
8
73
66
16
17
1
503
84
98
32
4
11
64
70
12
14
4
1
Girls’ c a se s-------------------
728
134
120
41
7
36
102
Race reported.......................
101
100
136
100
73
100
63
100
W h ite ........................ .
56
8
16
18
3
1
55
8
16
18
3
93
8
24
9
2
1
68
6
18
7
1
44
4
17
7
1
60
5
23
10
1
49
4
7
2
1
1
78
6
11
3
2
White........................... -
Race not reported-------------1 Less than 1 percent.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
(?)
0)
82
T
FEDERAL JU V EN ILE OFFENDERS, 1933
able
D .— Sex and age o f Federal juvenile offenders whose cases were disposed o f
by Federal authorities, J uly 1-D ec. 81, 1988, and in 1938
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders disposed of
1933
Sex and age of juvenile
July 1-Dec. 31,
1932
Total
Num
ber
Percent
distri
bution
Num
ber
Jan. 1-June 30
Percent
distri
bution
Num
ber
Total cases__________
1,168
2,106
1,310
Boys’ cases__________
1,066
1,969
1,237
Age reported.......................
Under 10 years________
10 years, under 14______
14 years_______________
15 years...........................
16 years_______________
17 years...........................
18 years...................... .
1,060
3
9
15
59
126
311
537
Age not reported__________
6
Girls’ cases______ ____
102
2
6
8
9
13
23
41
Under 10 years_______ ____
10 years, under 14_________
14 years__________________
15 years__________________
16 years______ ________—
17 years.._______ _________
18 years..................................
100
(>)
1
1
6
12
29
51
1,964
4
23
41
80
276
575
965
100
(')
1
2
4
14
29
49
5
100
2
6
8
9
13
23
40
1,235
1
10
18
50
158
357
641
Percent
distri
bution
July 1-Dec. 31
Num
ber
796
732
100
(»)
1
1
4
13
29
52
729
3
13
23
30
118
218
324
100
1
4
3
5
14
26
48
100
(9
2
3
4
16
30
44
3
2
137
1
5
4
7
19
35
66
Percent
distri
bution
73
1
3
1
5
8
18
37
100
1
4
1
7
11
25
51
64
100
3
2
11
17
29
3
5
3
17
27
45
1 Less than 1 percent.
T a b l e E .— Number o f States in each geographic division having specified age of
original court jurisdiction, and number o f cases o f Federal juvenile offenders of
juvenile-court age and over juvenile-court age disposed o f by Federal authorities
in 1983
Geographic divisions
T o ta l.._____________________________
Continental United States................................
4 northern divisions.......... .......... ..............
8 States1.................. .............................
esta tes288____________ ________ _
7 States_______________________ ____
3 southern divisions........ .........................
5 States *___________________ _____
6 States8— ___________ ________ ___
4 States_________ __________________
1 State..____ _____________ _______
2 western divisions............... ...... ................
9 States.__ ______ ____________ ____
2 States8__________________________
Alaska8 and Puerto Rico___________________
Age under
which juve
nile court
has jurisdic
tion
16
17
18
16
17
18
21
18
21
16
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Total
2,106
2,038
435
180
188
67
1,418
536
626
217
39
185
148
37
68
Of juvenile- Over juve Age not
nile-court
court age
reported
age
528
510
69
6
33
30
323
40
139
106
38
118
82
36
18
1,573
1,523
366
174
Ififi
37
1,091
495
486
110
66
66
5
5
4
1
1
1
1
1
50
1 Includes Indiana, where the age limit was 18 for girls.
2 Includes Illinois, where the age limit was 18 for girls.
8 In Maine, Wyoming, and Alaska there are no juvenile-court laws but certain special procedures are
provided.
* Includes Maryland, where the age limit in Baltimore city and in counties having special “ magistrates
for juvenile causes” was 16 years; where a circuit-court judge is designated, the limit was under 18 years for
girls and under 20 years for boys; elsewhere there was no provision.
8 Includes Delaware, Kentucky, and Texas where the age limit was 18 for girls.
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83
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
Offense Charged or Reason for Arrest.
Violation of the liquor laws was the most frequent cause for arrest
of juvenile offenders in 1933, as well as in the last half of 1932.
During the year 1933 the offense charged or reason for arrest was
violation of the liquor laws in 49 percent of the cases; Immigration Act
in 16 percent; and the M otor Vehicle Theft Act in 11 percent. Vio
lations of other types of laws accounted for relatively few cases
during the year. Violation of the liquor laws was charged in 49 per
cent of the cases disposed of in the last half of 1932, in 55 percent of
those disposed of during the first half of 1933, and in 40 percent of
those disposed of during the last half of 1933. During the last 6
months of 1932 violations of the M otor Vehicle Theft Act and the
Immigration Act constituted 16 and 15 percent, respectively, of the
cases for which type of offense was reported, but in both periods of
1933 violations of the Immigration Act were more numerous than
those of the M otor Vehicle Theft Act. Violation of the Immigration
Act was charged in 16 percent of the cases disposed of from January
to June and 17 percent of those disposed of from July to December
1933, whereas violations of the M otor Vehicle Theft Act accounted
for 10 and 12 percent, respectively, in these periods. Violation of
the postal laws was charged in 5 to 8 percent of the cases in each of
these periods. No other type of violation was responsible for as
many as 50 cases in any of these 6-month periods (table F).
Marked variations between the periods appear in the number of
cases disposed of involving the three most frequent types of offenses.
The number of cases charged to violations of liquor laws during the
first half of 1933 (720) exceeded the number in the preceding 6
months (562) by 28 percent. In the last half of 1933 the number
(316) was 56 percent less than in the preceding 6 months and 44 per
cent less than in the last half of 1932. During the year 1933, during
each half of the year, and during the last 6 months of 1932 the major
ity of the cases of violation of the liquor laws occurred in the South
ern States. In each of the southern divisions the number of cases
was greater during January to June 1933 than in the preceding 6
months, and was smallest during the last 6 months of 1933 (table G).
T a b l e F .— Offense charged or reason for arrest in cases o f Federal juvenile offenders
disposed o f by Federal authorities July 1—Dec. 81, 1982, and in 1933
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders disposed of
Offense charged or reason for arrest
1933
July 1-Dec. 31,
Total
Jan. 1-June 30 July 1--Dec. 31
1932
Percent Num Percent Num Percent
Num Percent
distri
distri
distri Num
distri
ber bution
ber bution
ber bution
ber bution
Total cases____________ _________ 1,168
Offense or reason reported.... .................. 1,155
Violation of—
562
Liquor laws__________________
Immigration Act_______ ______
177
Motor Vehicle Theft Act______
180
62
Postal laws___ ___________ -Laws against counterfeiting____
39
14
Narcotic Drug Act......................
13
Interstate Commerce A c t . ___
Mann Act_____________ ______
8
Other laws____________ _______
87
Held as material witness__________
13
Offense or reason not reported_________
13
1 Less than 1 percent.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
100
49
15
16
5
3
1
1
1
8
1
2,106
2,103
1,036
340
234
138
72
22
53
6
162
40
3
100
49
16
11
7
3
1
3
(>)
8
2
1,310
1,309
720
207
137
75
37
13
26
3
74
17
1
100
55
16
10
6
3
1
2
0
6
1
796
794
316
133
97
63
35
9
27
3
88
23
2
100
40
17
12
8
4
1
3
0)
11
3
84
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
T a b l e G .— Offense charged or reason for arrest in cases o f Federal juvenile offenders
New Eng
land
Middle A t
lantic
East North
Central
West North
Central
South A t
lantic
East South
Central
West South
Central
Mountain
Pacific
Alaska
1,168
2,106
33
40
58
122
75
152
76
121
274
531
199
328
294
559
73
135
36
50
46
54
4
14
Jan. 1-June 30.
July 1-Dec. 31.
1,310
796
11
29
68
54
86
66
63
58
370
161
209
119
371
188
76
59
19
31
24
30
13
1
Violation of:
Liquor laws:
July 1-Dec. 31, 1932.
1933.
562
1,036
5
3
25
36
19
44
16
27
204
407
147
251
123
229
13
25
5
10
4
1
4
720
1
30
26
15
12
307
168
83
153
76
13
12
3
7
177
340
24
31
6
13
3
14
15
9
1
2
93
224
25
42
10
5
207
133
9
22
3
10
6
8
3
6
2
154
70
29
13
3
2
180
234
2
11
17
30
47
25
4Ó
42
41
20
2Ì
28
34
18
28
4
6
137
97
7
10
32
15
24
16
27
14
13
8
18
16
13
15
3
3
62
138
i
17
8
16
2
7
17
30
9
23
18
20
2
11
3
7
2
7
75
63
8
9
11
5
1
6
18
12
14
9
9
11
8
3
7
6
1
Offense charged or reason for arrest
Total cases:
July 1-Dec. 31, 1932.
1933...........................
Jan. 1-June 30..,
July 1-Dec. 31..
Immigration Act:
July 1-Dec. 31, 1932.
1933...........................
Jan. 1-June 30___
July 1-Dec. 31___
Motor Vehicle Theft Act:
July 1-Dec. 31, 1932...
1933............................. .
Jan. 1-June 30..
July 1-Dec. 31—
Postal laws:
July 1-Dec. 31, 1932.
1933...........................
Jan. 1-June 30„
July 1-Dec. 31..
Other laws: 1
July 1-Dec. 31,1932.
1933...........................
Jan. 1-June 30____ ;___
July 1-Dec. 31............. .
Offense or reason not reported:
July 1-Dec. 31, 1932............
1933....... ..............................
Jan. 1-June 30.
July 1-Dec. 31.
Puerto Kico
Total
disposed o f by Federal authorities in each geographic division, July 1—Dec. SI,
1982, and in 1938
4
174
355
2
6
14
39
13
31
17
38
10
50
22
33
29
50
13
29
14
22
39
54
1
3
170
185
1
5
20
19
11
20
20
18
18
32
14
19
36
14
13
16
10
12
24
30
3
1
2
1
1
3
2
2
13
3
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
1Includes cases of juveniles held as material witness and cases of violations of laws for each of which
less than 50 cases were reported in each 6-month period.
The number of cases in which violation of the Immigration Act was
charged was similarly largest in the first 6 months of 1933 and smallest
during the last 6 months of that year. Arrests for violation of the
Immigration Act were mainly in the West South Central States. The
great majority of such cases were disposed of in Texas (table II,
p. " ) •
The number of cases in which violation of the M otor Vehicle Theft
Act was charged was greatest in the last 6 months of 1932 (180). In
the first 6 months of 1933 there were 137 cases of violation of this act
compared with 97 cases in the last half of 1933. Cases of violations
of this type were fairly well scattered throughout the country. The
decrease in the number appears in practically all the geographic
divisions.
Relatively few juveniles were arrested on account of violation of
the postal laws in any of these periods. There were 62 cases in the
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
85
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
last 6 months of 1932, 75 in the first 6 months of 1933, and 63 in the
last 6 months of 1933. Cases of violations of the postal laws were
scattered over the reporting area with the exception of New England
and Alaska, where no arrests were reported for such violations.
Period Between Arrest and Disposition.
For approximately one-third of the cases disposed of during 1933
the period between arrest and disposition was less than a month; for
two-thirds the period was less than 3 months (table H). In general,
longer periods elapsed between arrest and disposition in the cases of
juvenile offenders in both the first and the last half of 1933 than in
the last half of 1932. Three months or more elapsed before final
disposition in 20 percent of the cases in the last 6 months of 1932,
as compared with 31 percent in the first 6 months of 1933, and 37
percent in the last 6 months of 1933. Forty-two percent of the cases
were disposed of in less than a month in the last 6 months of 1932,
36 percent in the first 6 months of 1933, and 30 percent in the last
6 months of 1933. These differences are sufficient to be statistically
significant.
H . Period between arrest and disposition in cases of Federal juvenile
offenders disposed of by Federal authorities, July 1-D ec. SI, 19S2, and in 1933
T able
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders disposed of
1933
Period between arrest and
disposition
July 1-Dec. 31,
1932
Total
Jan. 1-June 30
July 1-Dec. 31
Num Percent Num Percent Num Percent Num Percent
distri
distri
distri
distri
ber
ber
ber
ber
bution
bution
bution
bution
Total cases_________________
1,168
Period reported__________________
1,061
100
1,872
100
1,154
100
718
100
Less than 1 month____________
1 month, less than 2___________
2 months, less than 3__________
3 months, less than 6__________
6 months, less than 9__________
9 months, less than 12_________
1 year or more_____________ .
450
257
141
170
31
12
42
24
13
16
3
1
631
366
249
410
149
55
12
34
20
13
22
8
3
1
418
209
166
250
78
28
36
18
14
22
7
2
213
157
83
160
71
27
30
. 22
12
22
10
4
Period not reported_______________
107
2,106
234
1,310
796
©
156
78
1 Less than 1 percent.
Release Pending Trial and Amount of Bail.
A more liberal policy toward the detention of these juveniles pend
ing trial in 1933 than in 1932 is suggested by the greater percentage
of juveniles not detained pending trial (table K ) and the marked in
crease in the percentage of cases released on bail (table I). The
juvenile was released pending trial in 29, 49, and 46 percent, respec
tively, of the cases in the three 6-month periods; the most frequent
type being release on bail. In relatively few cases was the juvenile
offender released in any period either on his own recognizance or on
the recognizance of others.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
86
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS. 1933
In many cases there was no report as to bail. It is probable that
bail was set but not furnished in a large proportion of these cases,
because in many of them the juvenile is known to have been detained.
Of the cases in which the amount of bail was reported it was $500 or
less in 57 percent of the cases for the last half of 1932, as compared
with 59 percent in each half of 1933. High bail was required in many
instances in each period. In 28 percent of the cases in the last half
of 1932, and in 22 and 21 percent, respectively, of the cases in the first
and the last half of 1933 the amount required was $1,000. In 12 per
cent of the cases in 1932, 13 percent of the cases in the first half of
1933, and 15 percent in the last half of 1933 it was set at $1,500 or
more. It was $5,000 or more in 4 cases in 1932, and in 12 and 8 cases,
respectively, in the first and the last half of 1933. It was set at
$10,000 in 1 case in the last half of 1932, in 3 cases in the first half
of 1933, and in 1 case in the last half of 1933. In all three periods
the amount of bail set seems exceedingly high in view of the fact that
none of the juveniles was over 18 years of age (table J).
T
able
I .—
Release pending trial in cases o f Federal juvenile offenders disposed of
by Federal authorities, July 1-D ec. SI, 1932, and in 1983
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders disposed of
1933
Release pending trial
July 1-Dec. 31,
1932
Num
ber
Per
cent
distri
bution
Jan. 1-June 30
Total
Num
ber
Per
cent
distri
bution
Num
ber
Per
cent
distri
bution
Num
ber
Per
cent
distri
bution
796
1,310
2,106
July 1-Dec. 31
Total cases_________________
1,168
Report as to release—.......................
977
100
1,751
100
1,059
100
692
100
Not released__ ____ __________
Released_____________________
692
285
71
29
913
838
52
48
539
520
51
49
374
318
54
46
250
23
12
26
2
1
715
74
12
37
41
4
1
2
455
32
4
29
43
3
0)
3
260
42
8
8
38
6
•
jr r
On bail___________________
On own recognizance______
On recognizance of others.-Type of release not reported.
f
.
!
1 Less than 1 percent.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
191
355
251
104
87
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
T a b l e J.— Amount of bail set in cases o f Federal juvenile offenders disposed o f
by Federal authorities, July 1—Dec. 81, 1982, and in 1988
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders disposed of
1933
Amount of bail
July 1-Dec. 31,
1932
Num
ber
$500’
............ J......... ...........
$1,000_______ - .1 __________
$l'500l................ ’ ........... .
$2,000 _________________
Per
cent
distri
bution
Jan. 1-June 30
Total
Num
ber
Per
cent
distri
bution
Num
ber
Per
cent
distri
bution
July 1-Dec. 31
Num
ber
1,168
2,106
1,310
796
372
1,167
747
420
Per
cent
distri
bution
322
100
1,096
100
701
100
395
100
20
40
123
11
89
6
12
38
3
28
12
13
3U
4
4
4
54
164
426
55
239
3
44
45
66
5
15
39
5
22
(?)
4
4
6
27
106
278
38
157
1
28
29
*37
4
15
40
5
22
(a)
4
4
5
*-
27
58
148
17
82
. 2
16
16
»29
7
15
37
4
21
1
4
4
7
50
71
46
796
939
563
25
376
1In no case was bail set at less than $100.
2 Less than 1 percent.
2 Includes 8 at $2,500; 2 at $3,000; 3 at $5,000; 1 at $10,000.
4 Includes 21 at $2,500; 2 at $3,000; 2 at $3,500; 8 at $5,000; 1 at $8,000; 3 at $10,000.
2 Includes 15 at $2,500; 3 at $3,000; 3 at $3,500; 5 at $5,000; 2 at $7,500; 1 at $10,000.
Place and Length of Detention Pending Trial.
In practically all instances the juveniles who were detained pending
trial were held in jail (table K ). The local jail was used in 87 percent
of the cases for which there was a report for the last 6 months of 1932,
in 90 percent for the first 6 months of 1933, and in 82 percent for the
last 6 months of 1933. Federal jails were used in 10 percent of the
cases in the 1932 period and in 9 and 15 percent of the cases in the
first and the last half, respectively, of 1933. Federal jails are available
for use in relatively few States. In addition to Alaska and Puerto
Rico, in which all jails are Federal, there are Federal jails in only four
States— Louisiana, Michigan, New York, and Texas.
Federal
prisoners from other States are sometimes placed in the Federal jail
of a nearby State. The Federal jail in Michigan was opened in 1933,
those in Louisiana and Texas in 1932, and the jail in New York was
opened prior to 1932. Detention homes and other institutions were
very seldom used in any of these periods, and the use of such institu
tions shows no general tendency toward increase.
The length of detention pending trial is shown in table L. In 37
percent of the cases in the last 6 months of 1932, 28 percent in the
first 6 months of 1933, and 34 percent in the last 6 months of 1933
the period of detention was a month or more. In 6 to 9 percent of
the cases the period was 3 months or longer.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
T a b l e K .— Place o f detention pending trial in cases o f Federal juvenile offenders
disposed o f by Federal authorities, July 1-D ec. 81, 1932, and in 1933
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders disposed of
1933
Place of detention pending trial
July 1-Dec. 31,
1932
Total
Num
ber
Per* cent
distri
bution
Num
ber
Jan. 1-June 30
Per
cent
distri
bution
Num
ber
Per
cent
distri
bution
July 1-Dec. 31
Num
ber
Per
cent
distri
bution
1,168
2,106
1,310
No detention_____________________
Place reported___________________
37
983
100
164
1,848
100
99
1,146
100
65
702
100
Local jail...... ................... ...........
Federal jail__________ ________
Juvenile detention home______
Other institution______ _____ _
Other place___________________
852
100
19
4
8
87
10
2
(*)
1
1,002
213
25
87
12
1
1,026
108
9
90
9
1
576
105
16
82
15
2
5
1
Place not reported. ______________
No report as to d e te n tio n .._______
24
124
8
0)
14
80
796
3
0)
7
58
7
22
1 Less than 1 percent.
T a b l e L .— Length o f detention pending trial in cases o f Federal juvenile offenders
disposed o f by Federal authorities, July 1-D ec. 31, 1932, and in 1933
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders disposed of
1933
Length of detention pending trial
July 1-Dec. 31,
1932
Total
Num
ber
Per
cent
distri
bution
Num
ber
Jan. 1-June 30
Per
cent
distri
bution
Num
ber
Total cases______ __ _______
1,168
2,106
1,310
No detention__ __________________
Length of detention reported_____
37
966
100
164
1,675
100
99
1,016
Less than 1 day....... ...................
1 day, less than 3_____________
3 days, less than 1 week_______
1 week, less than 2____________
2 weeks, less than 1 month_____
1 month, less than 2___________
2 months, less than 3__________
3 months, less than 6_________
6 months, less than 9__________
99
170
103
98
134
197
78
77
10
10
18
11
10
14
20
8
8
1
154
318
209
205
274
270
125
108
10
2
9
19
12
12
16
16
7
6
1
(*)
95
211
123
126
172
147
76
59
5
2
Length of detention not reported—.
No report as to detention-1____ _
41
124
187
80
137
58
Per
cent
distri
bution
July 1-Dec. 31
Num
ber
Per
cent
distri
bution
796
100
65
659
100
9
21
12
12
17
14
7
6
59
107
86
79
102
123
49
49
5
9
16
13
12
15
19
7
7
1
(0
V)
50
22
i Less than 1 percent.
Disposition o f Cases.
Changes have also appeared in the disposition of cases during the
period under review. In the last 6 months of 1932, 33 percent of the
cases were transferred to State authorities or dismissed, or the juvenile
was found not guilty or fined, as compared with 31 percent in the first
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FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
6 months of 1933, and 37 percent in the last 6 months of 1933. In
creases were shown in the percentage of cases in which the juvenile
was placed on probation during 1933. In 18 percent of the cases the
juveniles were so cared for in the 1932 period, as compared with 25
and 22 percent, respectively, in the 6-month periods of 1933. De
creases were shown in the percentages committed to jails and to
reformatories, prison camps, and penitentiaries. Whereas in 31 per
cent of the cases the juveniles were committed to jails and in 11
percent to reformatories, prison camps, and penitentiaries in the last
6 months of 1932, they were so committed in 29 percent and 9 percent,
respectively, of the cases in the first 6 months of 1933 and in 25
percent and 9 percent of the cases in the last 6 months of 1933 (table
M ). Relatively few juveniles were committed to institutions for
juveniles— only 4 or 5 percent in each 6-month period.
T a b l e M .— Disposition of cases of Federal juvenile offenders disposed o f by Federal
authorities, July 1-D ec. SI, 1932, and in 1933
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders disposed of
1933
July 1-Dec.
31,1932
Disposition of case
Total
Per
Num cent
dis Num
ber tribu
ber
tion
Total cases______ _____ ________
Disposition reported_________________
Transferred, dismissed, juvenile found not
guilty, or juvenile fined......................... ......
1,168
Jan. 1June 30
July 1Dec. 31
Per
Per
Per
cent Num cent
Num cent
dis
dis
dis
tribu ber tribu ber tribu
tion
tion
tion
2,106
1,310
796
1,162
100
2,096
100
1,304
100
792
100
386
33
694
33
404
31
290
37
Transferred to State authorities____
Juvenile released to immigration authorities......................... .........................
Dismissed____________ ______
Juvenile found not guilty...........
Fine paid or suspended_______ ____
Juvenile placed on probation i_______
Juvenile committed to institution for juveniles.
72
6
109
5
61
5
48
6
13
273
8
20
208
55
1
23
1
2
18
5
12
498
26
49
503
82
1
24
1
2
24
4
7
291
19
26
326
53
1
22
1
2
25
4
5
207
7
23
177
29
3
22
4
National Training School for Boys
National Training School for Girls__
State training schools________ ._
Juvenile committed to ja il3________
35
3
34
1
18
374
2
31
2
(s)
1
27
18
2
52
1
29
572
3
20
365
1
29
11
198
25
34
1
4
1
9
3
15
77
12
17
88
10
2
2
11
9
69
9
4
54
5
6
23
6
4
1
7
1
1
3
1
To serve out fine____ __________
Jail sentence and release to immigration
authorities______________
Jail sentence and p rob ation .____
Jail sentence and fine________
Jail sentence only_______ . . .
Juvenile committed to reformatory, prison
camp, or penitentiary____________
3
20
1
16
86
23
39
183
7
2
3
16
194
18
58
282
9
1
3
13
117
6
41
194
123
11
181
9
112
State reformatory_____________
United States reformatory......... ........
United States prison camp______
United States penitentiary__________
Juvenile deported by court order__________
Other disposition_________ _____________
Disposition not reported______________________
7
79
20
17
8
17
6
1
7
2
1
1
1
7
142
8
24
53
11
10
0
0
7
1
3
1
3
88
3
18
30
5
6
0
0
0
0
0
7
1
2
i
26
1
i
1 Includes 101 placed on probation under suspended sentence July 1-Dec. 31, 1932; 125, Jan. 1-June 30,
1933; and 75, July 1-Dec. 31,1933.
2 Less than 1 percent.
3 Includes 65 committed to United States jails, July 1-Dec. 31, 1932; 100, Jan. 1-June 30. 1933- 68
July 1-Dec. 31, 1933.
*^
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FED ERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
Place and Term o f Commitment.
The institutions to which juveniles were committed were of 3 main
types: (1) jails, (2) reformatories and United States prison camps and
penitentiaries, and (3) National and State training schools. Of the
835 juveniles committed to institutions in 1933, 572 (69 percent) were
committed to jails and 181 (22 percent) to reformatories and United
States prison camps and penitentiaries. Only 82 (10 percent) were
committed to National or State training schools that are institutions
especially for juveniles. Approximately one-third of the juveniles
committed to jails were to be placed on probation or to be released to
immigration authorities within a short time. Definite jail sentences
were imposed upon 346 juveniles ; all the jail sentences were for a year
or less. Approximately half of these juveniles (175) received sentences
of 30 days or less, and 70 percent, 60 days or less. Juveniles com
mitted to penal institutions other than jails and to National or State
training schools generally received sentences of more than a year.
For more than half of the juveniles committed to reformatories, prison
camps, and penitentiaries the length of sentence was a year and a hah
or less. In 5 cases the juveniles were committed to these institutions
for adults for the period of their minority, and 1 juvenile received a
life sentence. Almost two-thirds of the 73 juveniles committed to
National and State training schools for more than a year received
sentences varying from 1 year and 6 months to 3 years but less than 4.
Only 12 juveniles were definitely committed for their minority
(table N ), but the length of sentence for certain other juveniles was
such that the commitment covered this period.
T
able
N .— Length o f sentence in cases o f Federal juvenile offenders committed to
institutions hy Federal authorities in 1983
Length of sentence
Total cases......... I.....................................
1 year or less_______________________________
Less than 10 days............... ..........................
10 days____ _____ ______ ________________
11 days, less than 30.............. ......................
30 days...........................................................
More than 30 days, less than 60__________
60 days___________________________— —.
More than 60 days, less than 90........ .........
90 d a y s........................................................
More than 3 months, less than 6_________
6 months_____________________________
More than 6 months, less than 1 year____
1 year................... . . ........... ..........1. ............
More than 1 year................................................
1 year and 1 day..... .....................................
More than 1 year and 1 day, less than 1 year
and 6 months_______ :_________________
1 year and 6 months____________________
More than 1 year and 6 months, less than 2
years_____________________ __________
2 years, less than 3______________________
3 years, less than 4______________________
4 years, less than 5............................... .......
5 years or more__________ ______________
Minority___________________________ _
Life................................................................
Not reported........................................... ...........
Inapplicable1_____ _____ ___________________
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders committed to
institutions
Committed to
reformatories,
Committed
United States Committed to
Total
institutions
to jails
prison camps, or for
juveniles
United States
penitentiaries
572
835
181
82
351
346
4
. 1
68
68
18
18
26
26
63
63
9
8
1
59
59
1
1
40
40
26
24
2
27
26
1
10
10
4
3
1
247
174
73
49
43
6
26
40
19
29
7
11
3
66
33
5
7
17
1
17
220
2
46
20
4
5
5
1
2
1
1
20
13
1
2
12
8
218
1 Includes commitments to institutions followed by probation or release to immigration authorities.
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7
1
91
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
A law passed in 1930 provides that persons convicted of an offense
against the United States shall be committed, for such terms of
imprisonment and to such types of institutions as the court may
direct, to the custody of the Attorney General of the United States
or his authorized representative, who shall designate the places of
confinement where the sentences of all such persons shall be served.4
The earlier practice of the Department of Justice was to indicate
to the courts the institutions to which juveniles were to be committed.
Under the present method of procedure the courts send- to the
Department of Justice the case histories of juveniles committed to
institutions for a year and a day or longer, and the Bureau of Prisons
designates the institution in which the juvenile is to be placed.
Records of the Bureau of Prisons show that specific designations
were made for 149 juveniles during 1933.
Transfer From Federal to State Authorities.
In accordance with the policy of the Department of Justice (see
p. 78) of transferring cases of juveniles from Federal to State author
ities whenever the investigation indicates it to be to the best interest
of the United States and the juvenile offender, 72 cases were so trans
ferred from July to December 1932, 61 from January to June 1933,
and 48 from July to December 1933. The majority of the cases
transferred from January to June 1933 were of offenders over juvenilecourt age, but in each of the other 6-month periods transfer of cases
of juveniles of juvenile-court age exceeded the number of those over
juvenile-court age (table O). During 1933,109 cases were transferred
to State authorities. The number of cases of juveniles of juvenilecourt age and the number over juvenile-court age transferred to State
authorities are shown for each State in table X , page 114.
T a b l e O . — Transfer to State authorities of cases of Federal juvenile offenders of
juvenile-court age and over juvenile-court age disposed of by Federal authorities,
July 1-D ec. SI, 19S2, and %n 19S3
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
disposed of
1933
Transfer to State authorities, and juvenile-court age
July 1Dec. 31,
1932
Total
Jan. 1June 30
July 1Dec. 31
Total cases__ ______ ____ _____ _________ ________ _____
1,168
2,106
1,310
Transferred to State authorities- __________________________
72
109
61
48
Offender of juvenile-court age. . ________________ _____
Offender over juvenile-court age_____________ - _______ _
45
24
3
56
53
24
37
32
16
Not transferred to State authorities—_____________ __________
•1,096
1,997
1,249
748
Offender of juvenile-court age________________________ .
Offender over juvenile-court age.. —_ __________________
Age of offender not reported_____________ ______________
279
814
3
472
1,520
5
270
977
2
202
543
3
* 46 Stat. 326; Supp. V I to TJ. S. Code, title 18, sec. 753-F.
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796
S U M M A R Y TAB LE S— FED ER A L JU VEN ILE O FFEN D E R S, 1933
T a b l e 1.— S e x and age o f ju v e n ile and offen se charged or rea son f o r arrest i n ca ses
o f F ed eral ju v e n ile offenders d isp o sed o f b y F ed eral authorities i n 1 9 3 3
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
[c3
"u
Held as mat«
witness
Offense not
reported
340
138
72
22
53
6
162
3
40
Boys’ cases________
223
309
132
62
18
53
3
143
3
15
l 27
41
80
276
575
965
7
20
34
131
283
531
2
5
12
39
68
99
2
2
10
42
90
163
5
6
10
23
38
50
3
2
8
24
25
5
13
4
1
5
3
20
20
137
26
4
7
19
35
66
28
11
31
3
1
1
6
5
15
6
10
4
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
6
1
3
1
2
j
Other laws
Postal
234
1,008
Mann Act
Immigration
Act
1,036
1,969
Interstate
Commerce
Act
Motor Vehicle
Theft Act
2,106
Laws against
counterfeiting
Liquor laws
Total cases________
Sex and age of juvenile
laws
Total
Narcotic Drug
Act
Offense charged—Violation of—
nul 1eported—- - - - - - - Girls’ cases.... ........TT
1
1
A
1
1
8
18
1
2
1
7
I
2
9
4
5
27
43
54
1
1
2
19
1
1
2
2
6
7
2
3
3
7
25
2
2
6
8
7
i Includes 4 under 10 years (Interstate Commerce Act 1, other laws 3); 2 of 10 years (postal laws 1, other
laws 1)- 2 of 11 years (postal laws 1, other laws 1); 5 of 12 years Qiquor laws 4, postal laws 1); 14 of 13 years
(liquor laws 3, Immigration Act 2, postal laws 2, Interstate Commerce Act 3, other laws 4).
« Includes 1 under 10 years (other laws); 1 of 12 years (Immigration Act); 4 of 13 years (Immigration Act
2, held as material witness 2).
T a b l e 2.— O ffen se charged or rea son f o r arrest and release p e n d in g trial i n cases o f
F ederal ju v e n ile offenders d isp o sed o f b y F ed eral a uthorities i n 1 9 3 3
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Offense charged—Violation of—
Liquor laws
Release pending trial
Motor Ve
hicle Theft
Act
Total
Per
Per
cent Num cent
Num distri
distri
ber
ber
bu
bu
tion
tion
Total cases----- ------------ 2,106 1,036
===== =====
900
Report as to release-------------- 1,751
268
913
632
838
Released-----------------------559
715*
42
74
On own recognizance—
On recognizance of
6
12
26
37
Type not reported___
^
A
__ , ___
136
355
100
30
70
62
5
234
.........
201
154
47
35
6
1
3
1
5
33
Immigra
tion Act
Of
fense
not
Per re
Per
cent Num cent port
Num distri
distri
ber
ed
ber
bu
bu
tion
tion
340
■■■-- ■ 100
229
220
77
23
9
17
6
2
3
(3)
2
Other laws1
1
111
453
— =====
100
390
248
96
4
142
111
3
1
21
0
5
5
100
64
36
28
5
3
------
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
40
31
23
8
4
3
1
1
63
1 In 5 of the 6 Mann Act cases the offender was not released; in 1 case the release was on bail.
« Percent distribution not shown because number of cases was less than 50.
3 Less than 1 percent.
92
Held
as
mate
rial
wit
ness3
3
9
93
SUM M ARY TABLES
T a b l e 3.— A m o u n t o f bail set and o ffen se charged or rea son f o r arrest i n cases o f
F ed eral ju v e n ile o ffen ders d isp o sed o f b y F ed eral a uthorities i n 1 9 S 3
Offense charged—Violation of—
Immigration Act
Postal laws
Other laws
2,106
1,036
234
340
138
315
Report as to bail set_______________ 1,167
692
90
155
71
146
13
13
Number
Percent dis
tribution
Number
Total cases_____________ ____
Percent dis
tribution
Liquor laws
Amount of bail
Amount reported_______ ______
1,096
100
643
100
83
154
68
135
Less than $250*______ ____ _
$250, less than $500_________
$500______________________
$550, less than $1,000_______
$1,000_____________________
$1,200, less than $1,500______
$1,500_____________________
$2,000_____________________
$2,500 or more...................... .
54
164
426
55
239
3
44
45
3 66
5
15
39
5
22
(3)
4
4
6
39
145
231
47
136
3
15
12
15
6
23
36
7
21
(2)
2
2
2
2
1
21
1
27
8
1
9
lift
3
21
8
2
24
2
30
11
9
11
5
2
3
2
4
33
Amount not reported----------------
71
49
7
1
3
U
No report as to bail set-------------------
939
344
144
185
67
169
Offense not
ported
M oto r Vehicle
Theft Act
re
Total
Held as material witness
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
3
40
1
3
27
1 In no case was bail set at less than $100.
3 Less than 1 percent.
* Includes 36 at $2,500; 5 at $3,000; 5 at $3,500; 13 at $5,000; 2 at $7,500; 1 at $8,000; 4 at $10,000.
T a b l e 4.— S e x a n d age o f ju v e n ile and a m ou n t o f bail set in cases o f F ed era l ju v e n ile
o ffenders d isp o sed o f b y F ed eral authorities i n 1 9 3 3
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Boys
Girls
Amount of bail
Total cases.......................... .
Total
Under 16 16 to 18 Age not
Under 16
Total years of years of
re
Total years of
age,in ported
age
age
clusive
16 to 18
years of
age, in
clusive
2,106
1,969
148
1,816
5
137
17
120
Report as to bail set_____________
1,167
1,104
65
1,037
2
63
4
59
Less than $2501____________
$250, less than $500______
$500___ __ ___ ___ __ __ ___
$550, less than $1,000_____
$1,000. . ________________
$1,200, less than $1,500....
$1,500______________________ _
$2,000__________________
$2,500 or more.......................
Amount not reported.........
54
164
426
55
239
3
44
45
3 66
71
52
159
397
54
17
17
3
10
141
1
5
1
1
3
939
865
3
74
No report as to bail set____ ____
230
3
41
41
58
69
51
2
2
3
6
3
38
39
55
63
83
779
9
7
13
1 In no case was ball set at less than $100.
* Includes 36 at $2,500; 5 at $3,000; 5 at $3,500; 13 at $5,000; 2 at $7,500; 1 at $8,000; 4 at $10,000.
51030°— 36------ 7
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
61
94
F E D E R A L J U V E N I L E O F F E N D E R S , 1933
T a b l e 5 .— S e x a n d age o f ju v e n ile a n d p la ce o f d etention p en d in g tria l in cases
o f F ed er a l ju v e n ile o ffen d ers d isp o sed o f b y F ed era l authorities i n 1 9 3 3
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
148
1,816
5
137
153
1,725
100
16
125
136
1,599
1
1
11
123
1,602
213
25
8
1,497
203
19
6
87
12
1
(?)
93
23
8
1
1, 403
180
11
5
1
105
10
6
2
14
80
14
77
3
4
11
70
3
3
Age
16 to 18 years of
age, inclusive
1,969
164
1,848
Number
2,106
Under 16 years
of age
Percent distri
bution
re
not
ported
Under 16 years
of age
Number
Local jail *— .........................
Total
Place reported---------- -------------------
Percent distri
bution
Place of detention pending trial
Girls
16 to 18 years of
age, inclusive
Boys
17
120
100
17
11
106
85
8
5
2
10
5
2
95
5
4
2
3
1 Includes 4 cases of boys under 16 cared for part of the time in jail and part of the time elsewhere (3
in detention home and 1 in other place) and 2 cases of girls under 16 cared for part of the time in jail and
part of the time in detention home.
2 Includes 9 cases of boys under 16 cared for part of the time in Federal jail and part of the time in local
jail.
* Less than 1 percent.
T a b l e 6 .— S e x a n d age o f ju v e n ile a n d length o f detention p en d in g trial in cases
o f F ed era l ju v e n ile offen d ers d isp o sed o f b y F ed era l a u th orities i n 1 9 3 3
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Total
Boys
Length of detention pending trial
•ft
&
£
i
3
&
3 O
Ö
aS
O'“
ft
o
Ph
ft
£
M
§
3
5
« §
3 "3
ft
o
Girls
ft
o©
09 £
oj 2
9
O
1C
—
1 ob3L
feo 00.2
o ©
T)
bo
Ö
co c3
p
03
0
&
ft
oS
«I
a
0
bio
<
ft
0
M
i
3
8
2,106
1,969
148 1,816
5
137
164
Length of detention reported___ 1,675
153
1ÖÖ 1,568
16
136
117 1,450
1
1
11
107
1 day, less than 3 _ . .............—
3 days, less than 1 week____
1 week, less than 2_________
2 weeks, less than 1 m onth...
1 month, less than 2________
2 months, less than 3_______
3 months, less than 6_______
6 months! less than 9_______
9 months, less than 1 year___
154
318
209
205
274
270
125
108
10
2
Length of detention not reported.
No report on detention. ______
187
80
1 Less than 1 percent.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
9
19
12
12
16
16
7
6
1
0 )
150
304
194
183
263
249
114
99
10
2
171
77
1Ö0
10
19
12
12
17
16
7
6
1
(9
17
27
9
15
19
15
11
3
1
133
276
185
168
244
234
103
96
9
2
11
4
160
70
Ö
o
*ft
1
3
-ft
.2
P
9
P*
C
O9
bJO
r-i ©
ft
'S
d
p
o ©
w►
3%
>>o
00.2
O©
•*-* bß
CO03
17
120
100
16
U
91
4
4
14
13
15
14
22
21
11 ’ 10
21
20
11
10
9
8
1
2
3
5
1
2
16
3
1
2
3
12
12
17
10
19
U
7
15
3
SUMMARY TABLES
T
able
95
7 .— -Disposition o f case and offense charged or reason fo r arrest in cases o f
Federal juvenile offenders disposed o f by Federal authorities in 1988
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Transferred, dismissed, juvenile found
not guilty, or juvenile fined. _______
Juvenile placed bn probation________
Juvenile committed to institution for
juveniles____________________
Juvenile committed to jail.. .......
Juvenile committed to reformatory,
prison camp, or penitentiary________
Juvenile deported by court order______
Other disposition......... .....................
Disposition not reported. .
2,106
1,036
234
340
2,096 100 1,034 100 231 100 340 100
3
40
3
40
33
24
410
318
40
31
86
62
37
27
82
572
4
27
20
231
2
22
23
16
2
10
7 257
I
76
36
65
181
53
11
9
3
1
49
1
5
5
(*)
w
44
19
7
48
2
14
3 81
4
10
2
Offense not reported
453
448 100
694
503
23
3
Percent dis
tribution
Other
laws
Number
Percent dis
tribution
Number
Motor
Vehicle Immi
Theft gration
Act
Act
Percent dis
tribution
Percent dis
tribution
Percent dis
tribution
Number
Total cases_________________
Disposition reported__________
Number
Liquor
laws
Number
Total
Disposition of case
Held as material witness 1
Offe nse charg ed—Violiition of—
7 3143
1
114
32
25
31
15
' "■»
3
1 Percent distribution not shown because number of cases was less than 50.
dismissed 5 Mann ACt 08868 (2 b° yS and 3 g irls)’ 1 of which was transferred to State authorities and 4
s Includes 1 Mann Act case in which the boy was committed to the State reformatory
* Less than 1 percent.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
96
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
T a b l e 8 .— Sex and age o f juvenile and disposition o f cases o f Federal juvenile offend
ers disposed o f by Federal authorities in 1933
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Boys
16 to 18 years of
age, inclusive
1,969
148
1,816
5
137
17
120
694
622
74
546
2
72
8
64
Transferred to State authorities..______ _____ _____
Juvenile released to immigration authorities________
Dismissed_______________________________________
Juvenile found not guilty_______________ _______ _
Fine paid or suspended.'________ _______ __________
109
12
498
26
49
100
10
438
25
49
17
1
53
83
9
383
25
46
9
2
60
1
2
1
5
7
1
55
1
Juvenile placed on probation_______ ____ _____________
Juvenile committed to institution for juveniles......... ......
1 503
82
486
79
23
23
17
3
2
2
15
1
National training school _________________________
State training school____________________________ _
53
29
52
27
16
7
36
20
—
1
2
1
1
a 572
549
18
531
—
23
Jail sentence and fine______ ______________________
Jail sentence only............ ......................... ................
20
194
18
58
282
20
185
17
56
271
Juvenile committed to reformatory, prison camp, or penitentiary...................................... .................................
181
174
173
1
State reformatory_______________________ _____ ___
United States reformatory______________ _______ _
United States prison camp________________________
United States penitentiary............................... ..........
7
142
8
24
7
135
8
24
7
135
7
24
1
Juvenile deported by court order.......................... ...........
Other disposition__________ _________________________
Disposition not reported..________ ___________________
53
11
10
42
8
9
Juvenile committed to jail_______' _______ ___________
To serve out fine____________________________ _.
Jail sentence and release to immigration authorities...
3
8
2
8
6
3
1
2
2
461
56 . . . .
20
177
17
54
263 —
36
5
8
. . . .
9
1
2
11
11
3
1
Under 16 years
of age
1 16 to 18 years of
1 age, inclusive
Under 16 years
of age
2,106
Total
Total
Total cases----------------------------------------- ------------Transferred, dismissed, juvenile found not guilty, or
juvenile fined______________________ ______ _________
Disposition of case
Age
Total
not re
ported
Girls
1
23
—
9
2
11
—
3
1
1
8
2
1 Includes 189 cases of boys and 11 cases of girls (9 boys and 1 girl under the age of 16 years) placed on pro
bation under suspended sentence.
2 Includes 165 cases of boys and 3 cases of girls committed to United States jails.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
SO U RC E
TABLES— FED ERAL JUVENILE
O FFE N D E R S, 1933
T a b l e I .— Sex and race o f juvenile in cases o f Federal juvenile offenders disposed o f
by Federal authorities in each State in 1933
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Race of juvenile
State, and sex of juvenile
Total
White
Negro
Mexican
Indian
Not re
ported
Other
Total cases.___________
2,106
1,402
291
325
59
9
20
Boys’ cases____________
1,969
1,309
283
301
50
7
19
Alabama____ ____________
Alaska___ _____ ______
Arizona......................
Arkansas......... ...............
California........... ..........
Colorado_____ ______________
Connecticut_________ . .
Delaware___________________
Florida.____________________
Georgia____ ________________
Idaho___ ____________
Illinois................................. .
Indiana_____________________
Iowa____________ _________
Kansas_______________ ______
Kentucky___________________
Louisiana__________________
Maine.................... ............... .
Maryland________________
Massachusetts________ ______
Michigan___________________
Minnesota______________
Mississippi__________________
Missouri.____ ______________
Montana_____________
Nebraska____________ .
Nevada________________
New Hampshire_____
New Jersey__________
New Mexico_______
New York____________
North Carolina___________
North Dakota__________
Ohio.... ........ ...... ...........
Oklahoma_________
Oregon________ ______
Pennsylvania________
Puerto Rico________
Rhode Island________ . . .
South Carolina_______
South Dakota_______
Tennessee_________
Texas____ _________
U ta h ...____ _____
Vermont__ ________
Virginia. _________
Washington_______ _
West Virginia______
Wisconsin________
Wyoming_________
120
43
45
39
25
22
1
3
55
141
1
74
18
6
18
103
59
17
32
' 2
19
17
49
64
8
1
2
1
13
40
78
120
3
22
103
8
22
14
1
68
6
43
315
2
15
18
7
71
8
7
90
11
7
31
19
22
1
3
48
96
1
67
16
6
16
96
35
17
23
2
19
16
33
51
8
1
30
27
2
5
36
1
• 11
24
68
86
3
22
82
5
22
8
1
30
6
5
2
93
4
11
1
4
1
2
1
2
3
2
2
4
2
4
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
9
1
16
10
2
1
8
33
15
1
1
i
1
4
2
15
1
4
38
8
137
1
2
7
22
2
17
Girls’ cases.. . . .
1
7
43
41
53
2
15
15
6
67
6
6
Alabama____ ______
Alaska____________
Arizona__________
California_______ ____
Colorado___________
Connecticut__________
Delaware____________
Florida.............. .............
Georgia________________
Idaho_______ ____ _____
Illinois___ ______ ___________
5
5
243
3
i
1
3
1
24
1
1
1
2
9
2
7
2
1
97
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
98
F E D E R A L J U V E N I L E O F F E N D E R S , 1933
T a b l e I . — Sex and race o f juvenile in cases o f Federal juvenile offenders disposed o f
by Federal authorities in each State in 1933— Continued
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Race of juvenile
State, and sex of juvenile
Total
Girls’ cases—Continued.
1
1
1
7
3
2
6
1
3
1
3
5
4
2
7
3
3
3
2
33
1
3
8
1
Mexican
Negro
White
1
1
1
7
2
2
5
1
3
1
3
5
4
2
7
2
3
2
1
9
1
2
7
1
Other
Indian
Not re
ported
1
1
1
1
1
2
22
1
1
T a b l e I I .— Sex of juvenile and offense charged or reason for arrest in cases of
Federal juvenile offenders disposed of by Federal authorities in each State in
1933
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
1
Immigration
Act
Laws against
counterfeiting
Narcotic Drug
Act
Interstate
Commerce Act
Mann (White
Slave) Act
1,036
234
340
138
72
22
53
6
162
3
40
1,969
1,008
223
309
132
62
18
53
3
143
3
15
120
43
45
39
25
22
1
3
55
141
1
74
18
6
18
103
59
17
32
2
19
94
10
6
2
5
21
4
9
2
6
3
5
35
114
3
8
10
18
9
2
3
83
32
26
7
2
11
2
9
Florida.........................
Michigan.......................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
28
1
6
3
Ì
18
5
1
3
1
3
6
9
5
3
1
4
1
2
1
3
2
3
5
6
6
4
2
6
1
2
2
5
7
3
2
1
12
7
2
7
3
1
2
17
9
Ï
1
1
1
Other laws
1
1
3
42
13
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
Held
Motor Vehi
cle Theft Act
2,106
Boys’ cases_____
Offense not
reported
Liquor laws
Total cases..........
Postal laws
Total
State, and sex of
juvenile
as ma
witness
05
<d
Offense charged—Violation of—
1
1
2
ï
ï
99
SO U R CE T A B L E S
T a b l e I I .— Sex o f juvenile and offense charged or reason for arrest in cases of
FederalJuvenile offenders disposed o f by Federal authorities in each State in
1933— Continued
Boys’ cases—Con.
Minnesota___________
Mississippi___________
Missouri_____________
Montana_____ _______
Nebraska____________
Nevada___________ ..
New Hampshire______
New Jersey__________
New Mexico___ ______
New York______ _____
North Carolina_______
North Dakota________
Ohio___ ______ _______
Oklahoma____ _______
Oregon_______________
Pennsylvania_____ . . .
Puerto Rico__________
Rhode Island_________
South Carolina_______
South Dakota________
Tennessee____________
Texas____________ ___
Utah______ ______ ___
Vermont.-___________
Virginia______________
Washington__________
West V irginia._______
Wisconsin... ________
Wyoming____________
17
49
64
8
1
2
1
13
40
78
120
3
22
103
8
22
14
1
68
6
43
315
2
15
18
7
71
8
7
Girls’ cases
137
28
Alabama_____________
Alaska______________
Arizona____________ _
California________ ..
Colorado_____________
Connecticut... . ____
Delaware____________
Florida______________
Georgia______________
Idaho________________
Illinois______________
Indiana___________
Iowa_________________
Kansas_______________
Kentucky____ ______
Louisiana___________
Maryland_________
Michigan__________
Minnesota_________
Missouri_____________
New Jersey__________
New Mexico_______
New York_________
North Carolina_______
Ohio___ _____________
Oklahoma__ . _______
Oregon_______________
Pennsylvania________
South Carolina_______
Tennessee____________
Texas____ ___________
Vermont_____________
Washington.. _______
West Virginia________
Wyoming....... ..............
4
11
1
4
1
2
1
2
3
2
2
1
1
1
7
3
2
6
1
3
1
3
5
4
2
7
3
3
3
2
33
1
3
8
1
1
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8
39
14
4
1
6
4
22
101
3
25
2
12
9
8
7
81
4
8
4
10
6
2
6
57
4
30
82
5
11
2
1
15
2
49
4
1
4
2
4
11
5
1
1
3
3
1
4
20
13
3
202
14
1
31
12
8
2
1
7
2
1
2
4
1
4
3
1
5
10
1
9
1
2
1
1
3
6
2
1
1
7
2
Held
10
1
1
1
4
1
1
Offense not
reported
2
2
2
3
2
1
11
Other laws
Mann (White
Slave) Act
Interstate
Commerce Act
Narcotic Drug
Act
Laws against
counterfeiting
Postal laws
Immigration
Act
Liquor laws
Total
Motor Vehi
cle Theft Act
Offense charged—Violation of—
State, and sex of
juvenile
as material
witness
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
4
1
2
1
1
1•
3
1
1
s
4
1
5
2
2
2
1
3
5
1
3
19
1
1
-
1
25
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
•
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
6
1
1
6
4
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
22
1
1
:
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
100
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
T a b l e I I I .— Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction and sex and
age o f juvenile in cases of Federal juvenile offenders disposed of by Federal author
ities in each State in 1933
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
3
©*b
5.
State
Age under whi
court has ori
diction
•'“*03
pCJ.S
Total cases___
Alabama...................
Alaska8___________
Arizona___________
Arkansas__________
California_________
Colorado__________
Connecticut_______
Delaware----- {girls - 1
Florida...................—
Georgia......... —........
Idaho........................
i“
S..........E s s: :
16
16
18
21
21
18
16
17
18
17
16
18
17
18
16
18
18
16
17
18
17
17
16
17
17
18
18
17
18
18
18
17
16
18
16
16
18
18
16
18
16
16
16
‘ 18
18
17
17
18
18
16
18
18
18
18
21
Girls
Boys
©
'd
q
3
CO«o
03
©
>»
a
©
’ci
o
’ÖS
©
'S
©
©
M
¡2
0
©3
>*
O
M
c3
©
>*
P
—
H
U
0
©3
>*
00
965
2,106 1,969
1 27
121
276
575
120
43
45
39
25
22
1
3
55
141
1
74
2
8
10
5
5
19
10
7
5
2
5
31
9
15
14
10
9
1
g
24
18
43
6
18
124
54
46
39
29
23
3
«
57
144
3
} 76
1
1
4
0-2
b£
U
©
'd
q
3
co50
S-4rH c3
© o3
'O ©
?»
q
CO
P
©
©
>*
*G3
O
e
5 137 1 6
58 — - 4
11
11 ~~2
1
18
1
15
7
1
4
1
6
1
2
1
2
2
22
3
62
1
2
2
46
h
l
3
o©3 ©
©
>> >>
tr— OO
19
35
2
1
3
66
1
3
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
Indiana------- f e f ; :
} 19
1
7
Iowa______________
1
2
5
1
19
Kansas_______ ____
1
4
2
5
8
35
} 110
Kentucky— {g?^s; 1
1 —- 1
13
8
1
7
62
Louisiana-------------5
1
1
17
M aine3___________
1
1
2
2
12
34
Maryland—..............
1
2
Massachusetts-.......
1
3
1
1
6
10
2
25
Michigan--------------1
1
3
9
18
Minnesota................
8
1
49
Mississippi________
1
2
3
19
11
64
67
Missouri---------------1
8
8
Montana__________
1
1
Nebraska................ .
1
1
Nevada.—----------- 1
1
1
New Hampshire----1
1
2
8
1
13
14
New Jersey..............
3
6
3
17
16
40
43
New Mexico---------4
1
5
4125
10
78
83
New York________ 2
2
1
4
58
32
23
1
120
124
North Carolina-----1
2
3
3
North Dakota_____
2
2
6
2
12
1
22
24
Ohio______________
3
2 __ 2
54
7
14
28
7
103
110
Oklahoma.................
2
1
3
3
4
1
8
11
Oregon....... ..............
2
1
3
10
4
8
22
25
Pennsylvania______
1
6
.7
14
14
Puerto Rico_______
1
1
1
Rhode Island...........
3
1
2
35
19
10
1
3
68
71
South Carolina------5
1
6
6
South Dakota-------1
1
2
25
8
5
1
43
45
Tennessee— ............
16
7
1
6
3
1 33
90 163
41
18
2
315
}
348
Texas-------- - { j X ‘ 1
2
2
2
Utah.....................—
1
1
2
4
9
15
16
Vermont__________
4
5
9
18
18
Virginia___________
___
1
2
3
3
2
2
7
10
Washington.............
3
1
4
8
1
33
24
5
1
71
79
West Virginia_____
3
4
1
8
8
Wisconsin_________
1
—
—
—
1
1----4
2
1
7
8
W yom ing3..... .........
i Includes 4 boys under 10 years (Alaska 3, Louisiana 1) and 1 girl under 10 years (Alaska); 2 boys of 10
vears (Alaska 1 New Jersey 1); 2 boys of 11 years (Alaska 1, New Jersey 1), 5 boys of 12 years (Alabama 1,
n«nr<rift 9 Mississinni 1 Texas 11 and 1 girl of 12 years (Texas); 14 boys of 13years (Alaska:3, and 1 in each
of the following States: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Nevada, North Carohm, Sout
Carolina Tennessee Texas, West Virginia) and 4 girls of 13 years (Alaska 1, South Carolina 1, Texas 2).
8 Alaska has no juvenile courts, but special procedure is provided for delinquent children under the age
18
6
18
103
59
• 17
32
2
19
17
7
3
8
6
10
55
30 —
10
18
1
7
5
28
27
7
1
1
1
1
7
3 ....
^ t l S and Wyoming have no juvenile-court laws, but Maine in 1933 provided special
cases children under the age of 17 years, and Wyoming provides certain modifications in court procedure
^ d ? , 'f I ? S s 'S
1» » u n tie , of 8 5 , « to 100,000 population; under 17 year, in
cities of 20,000 to 50,000 population; under 18 years elsewhere in state.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
101
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e IV.
S ex o f J u ven ile and period between arrest and disposition in cases o f
b ederal juvenile offenders disposed o f by F ederal authorities in each State in 1 9 3 3
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Not reported
1 year or more
9 months, less
than 12
6 months, less
than 9
3 months, less
than 6
2 months, less
than 3
1 month, less
than 2
2 weeks, less
than 1 month
1 week, less
than 2
3 to 6 days
1 to 2 days
Total
Less than 1
day
Period between arrest and disposition
State, and sex of
juvenile
Total cases. 2,106
53
73
87
141
277
366
249
410
149
55
12
234
Boys’ cases
1,969
49
66
77
124
266
342
235
390
143
50
12
215
120
43
45
39
25
22
1
3
55
141
1
74
18
6
18
103
59
17
32
2
19
17
49
64
8
1
2
1
13
40
78
120
3
22
103
8
22
14
1
68
6
43
315
2
15
18
7
71
8
7
4
11
2
2
3
1
3
9
1
3
1
1
3
3
2
1
3
2
31
2
8
10
17
1
11
1
3
2
4
2
4
3
1
2
1
5
8
18
14
3
9
4
10
7
1
3
12
11
26
1
2
6
1
12
3
5
1
2
3
3
3
2
11
4
1
1
1
5
2
2
3
10
6
4
6
Alabama________
Alaska__________
Arizona_________
Arkansas....... .......
California_______
Colorado________
Connecticut_____
Delaware________
Florida__________
Georgia........ .........
Idaho___________
Illinois______ . . . . .
Indiana__________
Iowa____________
Kansas......... .........
Kentucky_______
Louisiana________
Maine___________
Maryland________
Massachusetts___
M ichigan..............
Minnesota_______
Mississippi_______
Missouri_________
Montana...............
Nebraska________
Nevada__________
New H am pshireNew Jersey______
New Mexico_____
New Y ork..______
North Carolina___
North Dakota____
Ohio_______ _____
Oklahoma_______
Oregon..________
Pennsylvania____
Puerto Rico......... .
Rhode Island____
South Carolina___
South Dakota____
Tennessee________
Texas.... ..............
Utah______ ______
Vermont_________
Virginia.................
Washington______
West Virginia____
Wisconsin________
Wyoming________
Girls’ cases..
137
Alabama_________
Alaska___________
Arizona__________
California________
Colorado................
Connecticut______
Delaware________
Florida..................
Georgia__________
Idaho.....................
Illinois.......... ........
Indiana................
4
11
1
4
1
2
1
2
3
2
2
1
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
3
7
2
8
10
1
6
5
1
10
8
13
2
1
6
13
6
9
3
2
3
2
9
21
7
6
1
5
5
17
7
1
2
14
16
2
1
2
1
6
4
1
2
2
1
1
9
1
3
11
4
2
1
4
6
1
7
1
3
8
11
2
6
13
2
1
1
3
3
8
3
1
3
3
3
7
3
6
1
2
33
6
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
4
7
1
3
10
2
4
3
3
5
9
15
1
1
13
1
4
24
14
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
4
1
2
1
3
4
1
19
1
1
17
2
1
3
8
1
2
2
2
7
1
13
1
15
26
1
2
4
7
1
3
8
7
13
4
1
3
22
12
1
6
58
4
1
1
7
5
2
2
3
6
1
4
63
1
1
10
3
1
3
8
9
7
1
1
5
6
11
11
5
13
1
2
13
12
43
5
8
2
1
1
17
1
8
2
13
6
3
1
2
8
1
8
48
1
17
5
2
6
24
3
2
4
5
16
1
5
2
1
4
4
3
9
12
24
4
40
1
10
7
18
5
3
2
2
1
66
1
9
2
3
1
20
6
5
1
2
3
1
3
1
2
1
1
19
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
102
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
T a b l e I V .— S e x o f ju v e n ile and p eriod betw een arrest arid d isp o sitio n i n cases o f
Federal ju v e n ile offenders d isp o sed o f b y F ed eral a uthorities i n each State xn 1 9 3 S
C on tin u ed
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
New Jersey---------New Y ork .. -----North Carolina---Ohio ------------- ■- - - Oklahoma-—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
South Carolina----Texas___________
1
Not reported
1
1 year or more
2
2
9 months, less
than 12
1
6 months, less
than 9
3 months, less
than 6
1 month, less
than 2
2 weeks, less 1
than 1 month I
1 week, less
than 2
£
03
*0
<0
O
CO
2 months, less
than 3
Louisiana-----------Maryland________
Michigan-----------Minnesota-----------
1
1
7
3
2
6
1
3
1
3
5
4
2
7
3
3
3
2
33
1
3
8
1
1 to 2 days
Total
Girls’ cases—
Con.
Less than 1
day
Period between arrest and disposition
State, and sex of
juvenile
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
1
5
11
1
1
1
T a b l e V . — S e x o f ju v e n ile and release p en d in g trial i n cases o f F ed era l ju v e n ile
offenders d isp o sed o f b y F ederal authorities i n each S ta te i n 1 9 3 3
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Released pending trial
State, and sex of juvenile
Total
Total cases____________
Boys’ cases------------------
2,106
1,969
120
43
45
39
25
22
1
Georgia.....................................
Idaho........................................
Indiana_____________________
Iowa..........................................
Maryland.T..............................
Massachusetts..........................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3
55
141
1
74
18
6
18
103
59
17
32
No report as
to release
On re
cogni Type not pending
trial
zance of reported
others
Not re
leased
pending
trial
On bail
On own
recogni
zance
913
715
74
12
37
355
689
71
10
35
323
79
2
3
3
1
2
3
1
2
7
8
4
4
2
3
841
29
32
27
8
16
11
1
28
31
35
8
1
9
23
32
10
10
10
26
2
5
1
17
70
1
24
7
4
5
56
20
2
1
3
2
9
20
4
ii
1
1
19
7
6
1
1
17
1
1
2
3
1
15
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
103
SO U RCE T A B L E S
T a b l e V .— S e x o f ju v e n ile and release p en d in g trial i n cases o f F ed era l ju v e n ile
offenders d isp o sed o f b y F ed eral authorities i n each S ta te i n 1 9 3 3 — Continued
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Released pending trial
State, and sex of juvenile
Total
Not re
leased
pending
trial
Boys’ cases—Con.
Michigan......................... : ___
Minnesota................................
M ississippi-._______________
Missouri___________ _____
Montana__________________
Nebraska..........................
Nevada______
New Hampshire.
New Jersey__
New Mexico.......................
New York.
North Carolina_____________
North Dakota.......................
Ohio________
Oklahoma............
Oregon............ ........................
Pennsylvania........................ .
Puerto Rico___
Rhode Island..
South Carolina...
South Dakota..
Tennessee______
Texas_________
Utah_______
Vermont______
Virginia_______
Washington_____
West Vireinia
Wisconsin__________________
W yom ing.. .
19
17
49
64
8
1
2
1
13
40
78
120
3
22
103
8
22
14
1
68
6
43
315
2
15
18
7
71
8
7
21
1
14
185
1
12
3
6
19
3
3
Girls’ cases____________
137
72
Alabama____
Alaska________
Arizona______
California__________________
Colorado______
Connecticut....... ........... ...........
Delaware____
Florida__________________
Georgia_____________________
Idaho_____ _____
Illinois_____ ___________ .
Indiana...................... . .
Iowa__ __________________
Kansas________________ . . .
Kentucky..________________
Louisiana........................... .
Maryland________________
Michigan____________
Minnesota______ ___________
Missouri_________________
New Jersey_____ ___________
New Mexico.......
New York__ _____ _______
North Carolina______________
Ohio______ _______ ______ ___
Oklahoma____________ _____
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania...........................
South C arolina.................. .
Tennessee__________ ____ ___
Texas______________ ________
Vermont____________________
Washington....... ......................
West Virginia__________ ____
Wyoming___________________
4
11
1
4
1
2
1
2
3
2
2
1
1
1
7
3
2
6
1
3
1
3
5
4
2
7
3
3
3
2
33
1
3
8
1
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
10
4
30
30
2
1
2
4
30
42
23
2
15
44
6
9
8
6
i
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
3
2
4
1
2
2
3
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
12
1
3
4
1
On bail
On own
recogni
zance
4
5
15
22
2
2
1
1
1
3
21
81
5
25
10
1
* 35
4
23
33
No report as
On re
to release
cogni Type not pending
zance of reported
trial
others
.
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
i
2
1
2
2
8
i
1
3
6
41
3
2
4
1
26
3
2
2
32
4
5
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
3
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
16
104
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
T a b l e V I .— S e x o f ju v e n ile and a m ou n t o f bail set i n cases o f F ed eral ju v e n ile
offenders d isp o sed o f b y F ed eral authorities in each S ta te i n 1 9 3 3
Not reported
35
164
426
55
239
3
44
45
36
130
71
939
18
34
159
397
54
230
3
41
41
32
26
69
865
1
3
æ-
Q
8
e!
1 $2,500
$3,000 or more
$1,200, less than
$1,500
$500
19
$1,000
$250, less than
$500
1,969 1,104
$150, less than
$250
Boys’ cases...
2,106 1,167
$100
Total cases__
Total
Total
State, and sex of
juvenile
$550, less than
$1,000
Amount of bail set
I No report as to bail set J
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
8
1
27
Alabama____________
120
41
Alaska-------------24
9
7
Arizona________
2
1
1
9
2
—
Arkansas_______
2
2
12
2
3
California........... .
1
7
3
6
2
22
15
Colorado_______
1
i
Connecticut____
3
Delaware______
2
3
3
18
2 _____
i
8
14
4
37
55
Florida________
1
3
46
2
32
2
5
19
27
4
141
95
Georgia...... ........
Idaho__________
4
4
34
4
6
9
8
5
74
40
Illinois____ ____
2
1
8
3
3
1
Indiana...... ........
1
1
1
1
—
Iowa___________
2
10
2
4
Kansas________
3
7
11
1
33
13
Kentucky..........
2
2
36
2
3
i
8
5
59
23
Louisiana______
4
13
Maine-------------9
15
1
i
2
4
Maryland____ ~
1
1
Massachusetts...
1
3
1
6
1
3
4
19
13
Michigan______
10
2
1
4
Minnesota_____
3
1
17
13
1
—
Mississippi____
13
34
5
6
1
2
3
Missouri_______
4
4
Montana---------1
Nebraska______
2
Nevada_______
1
New Hampshire.
11
1
1
2
13
New Jersey........
1
1
16
1
6
15
24
40
New Mexico___
1
4
39
3
2
5
16
8
78
39
New York_____
4
19
1
1
2
2
2
38
32
12
101
7
120
North Carolina3
North Dakota_
1
7
1
4
5
4
Ohio
9
69
1
1
9
13
103
1
34
Oklahoma.
1
5
2
Oregon
9
2
1
5
5
13
Pennsylvania.
14
Puerto Rico.
1
Rhode Island.
7
3
1
1
31
22
South Carolina.
4
2
4
South Dakota.
1
17
3
5
17
Tennessee.
_____
1
176
3
2
4
17
9
78
21
1
3
139
315
Texas
2
Utah
1
5
9
Vermont_____
1
9
1
3
3
Virginia_____
5
1
1
Washington...
2
19
1
1
3
23
1
21
52
71
West Virginia.
3
1
2
2
Wisconsin___
1
5
1
2
.
.
.
.
7
Wyoming
i Includes 5 cases of boys in which bail was set at $3,000; 4 of boys and 1 of a girl set at $3,500; 11 of boys
id 2 of girls set at $5,000; 2 of boys set at $7,500; 1 óf a boy set at $8,000; 3 of boys and 1 of a :girl set at $10,000.
and
46
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
20
7
15
2
5
1
4
3
105
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e V I .— S e x o f ju v e n ile and a m ou n t o f bail set in cases o f F ed eral ju v e n ile
o ffen ders d isp o sed o f by F ederal authorities i n each S ta te i n 1 9 3 3 — C on tin u ed
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
4
4
4
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
4
20
1
74
1
1
1
4
3
1
3
1
3
1
No report as to ba
3
1
2
1
1
1
3
Not reported
9
$3,000 or mere
1
©
oo
*9-
$2,500
29
$
$1,500
5
3
$1,200, less than
$1,500
1
$1,000
1
$550, less than
$1,000
4
1
$500
63
4
11
1
4
1
2
1
2
3
2
2
1
1
1
7
3
2
6
1
3
1
3
5
4
2
7
3
3
3
2
33
1
3
8
1
$150, less than
$250
137
$100
Total
Total
Girls’ cases..
Alabama_______
Alaska _____ _
Arizona _ _____
California______
Colorado______
Connecticut..Delaware______
Florida.............
Georgia_________
Idaho_________
Illinois______
Indiana_________
Iowa___________
Kansas__________
Kentucky______
Louisiana_________
Maryland______
Michigan_______
Minnesota..
Missouri ....... .
New Jersey_____
New Mexico - - - . .
New York_______
North Carolina____
Ohio _______
Oklahoma______
Oregon____________
Pennsylvania______
South Carolina_____
Tennessee_________
Texas _______________
Vermont____________
"Washington_________
West Virginia________
Wyoming______ _____
[ $250, less than
$500
Amount of bail set
State, and sex of
juvenile
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
16
2
1
1
2
1
1
i
1
1
13
3
i
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
106
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
T a b l e V I I .— Sex o f juvenile and place o f detention pending trial in cases o f Federal
juvenile offenders disposed of by Federal authorities in each State in 1983
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Place of detention
State, and sex of
juvenile
No
report
as to
deten
tion
Total
No de
tention
Total cases___
2,106
164
1,586
213
16
25
8
14
80
Boys’ cases___
1,969
153
1,487
203
10
19
6
14
77
120
43
23
New Hampshire___
39
25
22
1
3
55
141
i
74
18
6
18
103
59
17
32
2
19
17
49
64
8
1
2
1
13
40
78
120
3
22
103
8
22
14
1
68
6
43
315
2
15
18
7
71
8
7
1
4
3
2
4
31
3
1
4
5
6
1
4
3
5
4
3
24
2
2
3
1
1
9
1
2
1
Juvenile
Jail
Local
Federal and de deten
jail
tention
tion
ja il2
(city or
home
home
county) 1
92
1
44
31
16
18
1
2
47
96
1
62
16
6
18
96
27
14
24
2
12
11
46
52
7
1
2
1
6
37
40
92
3
19
93
6
15
1
1
65
4
37
206
2
15
16
4
65
7
7
Other
place
2
40
1
2
2
Place
not re
ported
2
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
11
4
3
2
25
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
5
1
3
26
4
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
4
2
1
91
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
6
1
2
3
1
1
2
7
2
1
1
W yom ing................
1 Includes 6 cases of boys and 1 of a girl detained part of the time in jail and part of the time elsewhere.
2 Includes 90 cases of boys detained part of the time in Federal jail and part of the time in local jail.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
2
1
1
10
2
1
2
107
SOURCE TABLES
T a b l e V I I .— Sex o f juvenile and place o f detention pending trial in cases o f Federal
juvenile offenders disposed o f by Federal authorities in each State in 1983 — Con.
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
State, and sex of
juvenile
Place of detention
Total
No de
tention
Girls’ cases.__
137
11
99
Alabama...................
Alaska____________
Arizona_____ ____
California_________
Colorado__________
Connecticut.......... .
Delaware...... ...........
Florida_____ _____ _
Georgia______ _____
Idaho_____________
Illinois______ ______
Indiana______ _____
Iowa______________
Kansas____________
Kentucky_________
Louisiana_________
Maryland_________
Michigan_________
Minnesota_________
Missouri................. .
New Jersey.... .........
New Mexico............
New Y ork_____ . . .
North Carolina . . .
Ohio______________
4
11
1
4
1
2
1
2
3
2
2
1
1
1
7
3
2
6
1
3
1
3
5
4
2
7
3
3
3
2
33
1
3
8
I
1
2
Pennsylvania...........
South C arolina____
Tennessee_________
Texas__ _____ ____
Vermont__________
W ashington..........
West Virginia___ _
Wyoming_________
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Local
Jail
Juvenile
jail
Federal and de deten
(city or
jail
tention
tion
county)
home
home
1
2
1
1
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
2
7
1
2
3
1
3
1
3
4
1
2
6
3
3
3
30
1
2
6
1
10
6
6
Other
place
2
Place
not re
ported
No
report
as to
deten
tion
3
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
108
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFEN DERS, 1933
T a b l e V I I I .— Sex of juvenile and length of detention pending trial in cases o f
Federal juvenile offenders disposed o f by Federal authorities in each State in 1933
Oases of Federal juvenile offenders
Length of detention pending trial
2 weeks, less
than 1 month
2 months, less
than 3
3 months, less
than 6
6 months, less
than 9
9 months, less
than 1 year
318
209
205
274
270
125
108
10
2
187
80
150
304
194
183
263
249
114
99
10
2
171
77
23
30
9
6
14
1
1
1
12
2
5
4
2
4
4
1
5
6
3
8
4
4
9
3
7
2
6
4
8
6
2
2
1
1
4
7
2
5
1
2
3
1
4
3
2
14
13
3
1
2
1
4
31
8
12
7
26
4
11
2
13
1
5
6
12
4
6
4
1
3
15
3
9
1
Mississippi_____
North Carolina..
Ohio___________
South Carolina..
Tennessee______
West Virginia___
Wyoming............
120
43
45
39
25
22
1
3
55
141
1
74
18
6
18
103
59
17
32
2
19
17
49
64
8
1
2
1
13
40
78
120
3
22
103
8
22
14
1
68
6
43
315
2
15
18
7
71
8
7
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3
1
4
5
6
1
4
3
5
2
17
3
1
5
1
3
1
1
1
24
9
4
1
2
3
7
5
1
4
3
5
1
1
4
3
1
10
5
2
5
1
2
4
7
3
24
10
8
2
2
1
9
2
11
2
14
2
5
8
1
1
12
3
4
3
1
4
2
2
7
1
2
42
1
1
9
1
2
1
4
15
17
5
19
13
2
12
14
15
8
15
1
4
1
2
2
6
20
9
1
3
1
6
1
13
4
3
5
1
1
10
2
5
5
1
7
8
5
5
2
1
5
6
§
1
4
6
2
6
3
1
1
1
4
4
16
1
1
1
11
4
1
1
6
7
2
6
17
4
4
1
7
2
6
71
10
2
6
1
1
10
8
1
1
3
15
30
4
8
17
1
10
3
1
1
2
9
6
3
1
2
1
2
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
Not reported
1 week, less
than 2
154
153
1 month, less
than 2
3 days, less
than 1 week
164
day, less
than 3
Less than 1
day
Total cases. 2,106
Boys’ cases. 1,969
j Total
No detention
State, and sex of
juvenile
R5
2
"2
1
2
1
3
11
9
3
1
4
9
6
5
2
3
3
1
2
9
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
9
9
6
1
5
1
5
2
10
2
6
3
1
7
5
4
4
2
13
5
2
4
3
2
1
4
12
6
1
2
8
3
1
2
65
1
31
3
1
2
38
1
1
1
2
1
1
8
1
1
4
10
1
1
1
1
6
1
4
1
2
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
3
2
7
2
109
SOURCE TABLES
V III. Sex o f juvenile and length o f detention pending trial in cases of
* f'deral juvenile offenders disposed of by Federal authorities in each State in
1933— Continued
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
03..
jig
$ja
***
Girls’ cases..
Alabama_____ Alaska________
C alifornia...___
Colorado_______
Connecticut____
Delaware_______
Florida........ .
Georgia______
Idaho..............
Illinois________
Indiana______
Iowa___ ____
Kansas_________
Kentucky.........
Maryland______
Michigan______
Minnesota.......
M issouri......
New Jersey_____
New Mexico.
New York______
North Carolina..
Ohio.................
Oklahoma____
Oregon..........
Pennsylvania___
South Carolina..
Tennessee______
Texas.............
Vermont______
Washington____
West Virginia__
Wyoming.......... .1
137
4
11
1
4
1
2
1
2
3
2
2
1
1
1
7
3
2
6
1
3
1
3
5
4
2
7
3
3
3
2
33
1
3
8
1
51030°— 36------8
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
22
•S a
Is
a&
I s
PA
©
a
Is
§3
a
a 3s
O
S3
tention
Length of detention pending trial
State, and sex of
juvenile
110
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
T a b l e I X .— Sex of juvénile and disposition of cases of Fédéral juvénile
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Disposition of case
Juvenile committed to
institution for juve
niles
State, and sex of
juvenile
Total
Trans
ferred
to
State
author
ities
Juvenile re
leased
to im
Dis
migra missed
tion
author
ities
Juve
nile
found
not
guilty
Juve
Fine
nile
(paid
placed
or sus
on
pend
proba
ed)
tion
Total
Na
tional
train
ing
school
State
train
ing
school
Total cases..
2,106
109
12
498
26
49
503
82
53
29
Boys’ cases..
1,969
100
10
438
25
49
486
79
52
27
2
2
56
7
2
14
6
4
1
6
5
6
3
2
2
6
2
11
61
6
6
5
6
16
5
2
7
40
12
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
4
1
2
4
1
9
1
9
5
19
120
6
43
1
12
45
11
6
39
9
7
25
22
5
6
1
3
1
3
20
55
3
32
141
1
1
4
15
74
6
7
18
6
2
3
18
103
2
36
1
18
59
1
17
2
21
32
1
2
5
19
5
17
7
49
16
4
64
8
3
1
2
1
New Hampshire..
2
4
13
9
6
40
1
8
19
78
11
2
120
3
4
22
8
103
4
34
1
8
5
22
1
14
1
2
15
68
1
6
2
South Dakota___
43
3
18
29
7
315
8
1
2
Utah
2
15
18
1
2
7
1
23
71
3
8
7
Wyoming.............
1 Includes 98 boys (2 in Arizona, 14 in New Mexico, 82 in
7
1
2
1
2
1
4
4
1
3
1
3
1
5
4
14
21
2
1
2
1
4
3
16
54
4
1
3
1
1
7
3
22
3
13
4
2
3
9
2
13
17
4
2
5
2
4
1
6
1
13
1
4
1
1
3
3
3
2
4
2
1
2
1
5
2
5
3
1
Texas) and 1 girl (Texas) committed to United
2 Includes 2 boys committed to United States jails (1 in Alaska, 1 in Louisiana).
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3
5
6
3
2
2
SOURCE TABLES
111
offenders disposed o f by Federal authorities in each State in 1938
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders—Continued
Disposition of case—Continued
Juvenile committed to reformatory,
prison camp, or penitentiary
Juvenile committed to jail
Later
re
To leased
to
im
Total serve migra
out
tion
fine
au
thori
ties 1
Later
placed Also
on
proba fined
tion J
572
549
185
Sen
tence Total
only *
282
181
271
174
Juve
nile Other
Not
de
dis
re
port posi
United
United
State
United
ported
ed
by
States States States
tion
re
court
re
form
prison peni order
atory form camp ten
atory
tiary
11
18
12
2
2
20
17
23
3
3
21
2
3
4
1
28
1
2
213
! ïleS f
«ob£ ys committed to United States jails (2 in Alaska, 1 in Louisiana).
VnrvCq £ ej >62 btoyT>-7 lnoé'1-as£?’ 2
Anzona>8 in Louisiana, 1 in Michigan, 3 in New Mexico 5 in New
York, 3 m -Puerto Rico, 33 in Texas) and 2 girls (Alaska) committed to United States jails!
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
112
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
T able I X .— Sex of juvenile and disposition o f cases o f Federal juvenile
Cases of Federal Juvenile offenders
Disposition of case
Juvenil commi tted to
institiition foi juveniles
State, and sex of
Juvenile
Girls’ cases.
Connecticut - - - - - -
Idaho.------------------
North Carolina...
Oklahoma _ -- ---- South Carolina...
Texas______ ____
Total
Trans
ferred
to
State
author
ities
137
4
11
1
4
1
2
1
2
3
2
2
1
1
1
7
3
2
6
1
3
1
3
5
4
2
7
3
3
3
2
33
1
3
8
1
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
9
Juve
nile re
leased
Dis
to im
migra missed
tion
author
ities
Juve
nile
found
not
guilty
Juve
Fine
nile
(paid
placed
or sus
on
pend
proba
ed)
tion
60
1
17
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
6
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
4
2
2
6
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
8
3
5
1
Total
Na
tional
train
ing
school
State
train
ing
school
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
113
SOURCE TABLES
offenders disposed of by Federal authorities in each State in 1983— Continued
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders—Continued
Disposition of case—Continued
Juvenile committed to reformatory,
prison camp, or penitentiary
Juvenile committed to jail
Later
re
leased
To to im
serve
Total out migra
tion
fine
au
thori
ties
23
9
Later
placed Also
on
proba fined
tion
1
2
Sen
tence
only
Total
11
7
Juve
nile
Other Not
de
dis
re
port
United
posi
State United
United
States
States ed by tion ported
re
States
court
re
form
prison peni order
atory form camp ten
atory
tiary
7
11
3
1
~
3
1
1
1
2
3
—
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
—
1
—
1
1
2
1
1
1
—
1
1
—
1
—
—
1
13
8
_____ I_____
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
...........
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
3
3
—
—
114
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS, 1933
T a b l e X . — Transfer to State authorities in cases o f Federal juvenile offenders o f
and over juvenile-court age disposed o f by F ederal authorities in each State in
19 S3
Cases of Federal juvenile offenders
Over juvenile-court age
Of juvenile-court age
State
Not
Trans
trans
ferred
ferred
to
State to State
author author
ities
ities
Total
Total
A
2,106
528
124
54
46
39
29
23
3
4
57
144
3
76
19
7
19
13
18
27
38
28
16
110
62
17
34
2
25
18
49
67
8
1
2
1
14
43
83
124
3
24
110
11
Tennsyiv
26
14
2
71
6
348
2
16
18
10
8
8
79
56
1
6
9
5
2
15
12
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
16
17
12
21
18
1
2
3
3
23
2
6
2
6
2
10
9
6
1
7
2
1
1
2
6
34
1
11
78
9
7
42
4
1 None of these cases was transferred to State authorities.
o
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1,573
53
1,520
12
111
4
107
36
19
18
27
32
19
11
2
14
12
10
1
1
15
16
12
21
15
1
2
1
17
1
6
2
3
7
6
36
19
7
3
2
42
132
3
65
19
6
18
94
45
17
34
2
21
6
28
49
7
1
1
11
20
81
117
1
14
101
5
25
14
1
9
72
37
5
34
269
9
7
42
4
16
9
3
36
4
33
8
8
Total
472
4
4
Not
Trans
trans
ferred
ferred
to
State to State
author author
ities
ities
2
1
3
3
3
6
2
2
1
1
1
4
7
2
1
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
7
Age
not re
ported
i5
1
1
2
2
39
129
3
62
13
6
18
92
45
17
32
1
20
6
28
48
7
1
1
11
16
74
115
1
13
98
5
24
14
1
__ ......
1
36
5
32
266
2
1
16
9
2
35
4
1
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
@FedFRASER