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Work Injuries in the United States During 1948 A Collection o f Basic W ork-Injury Data for Each o f the M ajor Industries in the United States Estimates of Disabling Work Injuries Injury-Frequency Rates Injury-Severity Measures Changes in Injuries and Injury Rates Bulletin No. 975 UNITED STATES D EPARTM ENT OF LABOR M a u r ic e J. T o b i n , Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS E w a n C l a g u e , Commissioner Work Injuries in the United States During 1948 Bulletin No. 975 UNITED STATES D EPARTM ENT OF LABOR M a u r ic e J. T o b i n , Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS E w a n C l a g u e , Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. - Price 15 cents Letter of Transmittal U nited States D epartment of L abor, B ureau of L abor Statistics, Washington, D. C., March 20, 1950. T he Secretary of L abor : I have the honor to transmit a report on the occurrence of work injuries in the United States during 1948. Over 54,000 establishments with a total employment of about 11 million workers participated in the survey on which the report is based. This bulletin, parts of which have appeared in the March and October 1949, issues of the Monthly Labor Review, was prepared by Robert S. Barker, of the Bureau's Branch of Industrial Hazards. E wan C lague, Commissioner. Hon. M aurice J. T obin, Secretary oj Labor. Contents Page Estimates of disabling work injuries____________________________________________________ Injury-frequency rates: Manufacturing_______________________________________________________________________ 2 Nonmanufacturing____________________________________________________ 3 Injury severity____________________________________________________________________________ Appendix tables: Table A .— Injury rates and injuries by extent of disability, 1948_______________ Table B .— Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury rates for 39,845 identical establishments, 1 9 4 7 -4 8 ___________________________________ Table C.— Distribution of all reported injuries resulting in permanent-partial disability, according to part of body affected, by industry, 1948. Table D .— Distribution of temporary-total disabilities, by duration of dis ability, 1948___________________________________________________________ Table E .— Indexes of injury-frequency rates in manufacturing, 1926-48, by extent of disability___________________________________________________ 5 (in) 1 8 12 15 17 19 Work Injuries in the United States During 1948 For the first time since 1940 the annual toll of disabling work injuries 1 fell below 2 million in 1948. This decline in the volume of injuries during a year of relatively steady employment reflected widespread reductions in the injuryfrequency rates2 of many manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. The number of injuries and most injury rates, however, were still well above the levels prevailing in the years 1938 to 1940. nent ill effects, decreased 4.7 percent from 1,950,200 in 1947 to 1,858,000 in 1948. C h art 1 .— E m p lo y m e n t a n d D is a b lin g W o rk Injuries, 1 9 3 7 -4 8 (Estimated) EMPLOYMENT IN MILLIONS INJURIES IN MILLIONS Estimates of Disabling Work Injuries The total volume of disabling work injuries in 1948 was estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as 1,960,000— almost 5 percent under the 1947 total of 2,059,000. The absence of any major disaster and reduced injury-frequency rates for manufacturing, mining, railroads, and a number of other industries account for this favorable showing. The number of fatalities resulting from work injuries during 1948 was estimated as 16,500— a reduction of about 3 percent from the 1947 esti mate of 17,000. Permanent-total disabilities, which usually incapacitate the injured workers for any future employment, remained unchanged at 1,800. Permanent-partial disabilities, each involving the loss or permanent impairment of some body part or function, decreased 7 percent from 90,000 in 1947 to 83,700 in 1948. Most of these impairments will not prevent the workers involved from continuing in industrial employ ment but many may necessitate retraining or changes in jobs. The largest group of injuries, the temporary-total disabilities each resulting in an inability to work lasting at least a full day after the day of injury but leaving no perma Actual time lost during the year because of work injuries which occurred in 1948 is estimated at about 41,000,000 man-days, or the equivalent of a year’s full-time employment for approximately 135.000 workers. This, however, represents only a part of the total production losses accruing from these injuries. If additional allowance is made for the future effects of the deaths and permanent physical impairments included in the 1948 total, the economic time loss chargeable to these injuries would amount to about 219,000,000 man-days— the equivalent of a year’s employment for about 730.000 workers. In construction, the only industry group showing a major rise in work injuries during 1948, the 1A disabling work injury is an injury arising out of and in the course of employment which results in death or permanent impairment, or renders the injured person unable to work at a regularly established job throughout the hours corresponding to his regular shift on any day after the day of injury. 2 The injury-frequency rate is the average number of disabling work in juries for each million employee-hours worked. ( 1) 2 estimate rose from 151,700 injuries in 1947 to 173,100 in 1948. Much of this increase can be ascribed to the higher employment levels prevailing in 1948. Greater increase in the injury total than in employment is a phenomenon often associated with an expanding activity, particularly when the expansion has about reached the limit of the supply of skilled workmen. There was a slight increase in the total number of agricultural work injuries, associated with a small rise in the number of farm laborers and a decrease in the number of family workers. The number of farm fatalities increased 2.3 percent. These and past estimates of work injuries in agri culture have been based only on fragmentary data. Sample studies of injuries in agriculture are now being conducted by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, and, when completed, should give a much sounder basis upon which to estimate these work injuries. Preliminary reports indicate that a considerable upward revision in present and immediately past estimates may be necessary. Estimated number o f disabling work injuries during 1948, by industry group All disabilities Fatalities Permanent-total Permanent-partial Temporary-total disabilities disabilities disabilities Industry group Total i All groups2________________ _____ ______ ____ _________ 1,960,000 Agriculture3___________________________ ______ _______ Mining and quarrying *____________ __________________ Construction *_________________________ _____ ________ Manufacturing8______________________________ _______ Public utilities_________________________ ____ _________ Trade5___ _____ ____________________ ____________ ___ Railroads 8 _____________________________________ _____ Miscellaneous transportation«_____ _____ _____________ Services, government, and miscellaneous industries 28___ 300,000 87,200 173,100 469,200 27,400 347.300 62,900 132,600 360.300 To em ployees Total » To em ployees Total i To em ployees 1,536,100 16,500 12,000 1,800 1,400 72,100 82,600 121,900 461,500 27,400 277,800 62,900 110, 500 319,400 1 Difference between total number of injuries and injuries to employees represents injuries to self-employed and unpaid family workers. 2 Does not include domestic servants. * Based on fragmentary data. * Based largely on data compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior. The mining group showed an encouraging improvement in its safety record. The number of fatalities in bituminous coal mines in 1948 was the fourth lowest on record and in anthracite mines was the second lowest on record. The 1948 fatality rates (number of fatalities per million tons mined) for both anthracite and bituminous-coal mining were the lowest in a statistical record extending back to 1910. The nonfatal rate in bituminous-coal mining was the lowest in a statistical history starting in 1930. Other types of mining showed similar decreases in the number of injuries during 1948. Although there were no disasters as serious as the Centralia mine explosion of 1947, there were 6 large-scale accidents which, together, accounted for 49 deaths. As in previous years, manufacturing accounted for more disabling injuries than occurred in any of the other major industry groups. The 1948 total of 469,200 injuries, however, was 13 percent below the 1947 figure. In large measure this substantial reduction in the volume of injuries reflects the achievement of greater safety in the 4.400 1.400 2.500 2,600 400 1.500 700 800 2,200 1,100 1.300 1,900 2,500 400 1.300 700 700 2,100 400 200 300 200 (7 ) 100 300 100 200 100 200 200 200 <9 100 300 100 200 To em T ota l1 ployees 83,700 15,200 3,700 4,800 23, 700 600 8.400 4.400 6,300 16,600 To em T otal1 ployees 65,500 1,858,000 1,457,200 3,600 3,500 3.400 23,400 600 6,700 4.400 5,200 14,700 280,000 81,900 165, 500 442, 700 26,400 337.300 57,500 125,400 341.300 67,300 77,600 116.400 435.400 26,400 269,700 57,500 104,500 302.400 * Based on small sample studies. • Based on comprehensive survey. 7 Less than 50. s Based largely on Interstate Commerce Commission data. work places as evidenced by the sharp decline in the all-manufacturing injury-frequency rate. In interstate railroads, a decline in injury rates, coupled with a slight decrease in employment, resulted in a net decrease of about 12.5 percent in total injuries. In the public utilities; trade; and the services, government, and miscellaneous groups, improved safety records resulted in decreases in the total number of injuries, even though there was some increase in employment. The miscellaneous trans portation group showed a slightly greater decrease in injuries than occurred in employment. Injury-Frequency Rates Manufacturing. The weighted injury-frequency rate for all manufacturing industries combined dropped 8.5 percent, from an average of 18.8 disabling injuries per million man-hours worked in 1947 to 17.2 in 1948. This was the lowest rate recorded since 1940, when the average for manu facturing was 15.3. Among the 17 major groups of manufacturing industries, 14 recorded decreases 3 of at least one full frequency-rate point; the other 3 had rates which differed by less than a point from the 1947 level. The lumber group as a whole showed the great est improvement, the injury-frequency rate de creasing from 66.0 to 58.6. Outstanding drops in rates within the group were from 102.8 to 91.8 for logging, from 66.6 to 57.8 for sawmills, and from 36.6 to 29.1 for structural millwork. Each of the other industries in the group reported minor decreases. Lumbering, however, still ranked as one of the most hazardous industries. The injury rate for logging was the highest recorded for any industry surveyed, that for sawmills was the second highest among individual manufacturing industries, and that for the integrated saw and planing mills (53.0) was the third highest. Plan ing mills, operated apart from sawmills, had a rate of 40.7, veneer mills 36.2, and plywood mills 35.5 injuries per million man-hours worked. These rates were well above the average for all manufacturing. Over two-thirds of the individual manufac turing industries showed significant decreases in their injury-frequency rates from 1947 to 1948. Of the 151 separate classifications, 16 recorded a drop of 5 or more frequency-rate points, and 87 showed from 1 to 5 points decrease. Little change was shown by 39, and only 9 recorded increases in injury rates. Major decreases in the injury-frequency rates of individual manufacturing classifications (in addition to the lumber group) were shown in the relatively small fabricated pipe and fittings industry from 29.4 to 18.5; office, store, and restaurant fixtures, from 23.9 to 15.3; concrete, gypsum, and plaster products, from 36.1 to 28.7; ornamental metal work, from 27.8 to 20.6; and heating equipment, not elsewhere classified, from 34.3 to 27.2. The only industry to show an increase of more than 5 points in the injury-frequency rate was the small boatbuilding and repairing industry, which had a rate of 48.2 in 1948, compared with 33.8 in 1947. This placed the industry fourth highest among the individual manufacturing classifica tions. Other industries reporting high injury-frequency rates in 1948 were the manufacture of wooden containers (42.6), iron foundries (39.7), beehive coke ovens (38.2), cut stone and cut-stone prod ucts (38.0), and breweries (35.5). The best safety record in manufacturing for the year was again achieved by the synthetic-rubber industry, which had a rate of only 1.7 work injuries for each million man-hours. This was slightly below the 1947 rate of 1.9. Other outstandingly low injury-frequency rates were 3.0 in the electric lamp (bulbs) industry, 4.3 in explosives, 4.5 in women’s and children’s clothing, and 4.9 in air craft manufacturing. Nonmanufacturing.3 The transportation group (excluding railroads and other interstate carriers) recorded decreases in all but the small miscellane ous transportation industry. Stevedoring showed a decrease from 72.4 to 62.3 injuries per million man-hours; local trucking and hauling, from 38.2 to 30.7; and warehousing and storage, from 33.5 to 26.6. Stevedoring, however, continued to have one of the highest rates recorded (exceeded only by the rates for logging and certain of the mining industries). Other industries in this group showed minor decreases. Data available from the Interstate Commerce Commission also indicate an improved safety record among inter state railroads. Six of the 10 trade classifications showed sig nificant decreases in injury-frequency rates; the others showed little change. The average rate for the group decreased from 16.4 in 1947 to 15.1 in 1948, but was still above the 1946 average rate of 14.2. Wholesale and retail building supply dealers had the highest rate in this group, 30.9. Wholesale and retail dairy products recorded a rate of 23.2. For fire departments, the frequency rate in creased substantially from 24.8 in 1947 to 30.9 injuries per million man-hours in 1948. For police departments, the rate remained relatively high at 28.2. In the heat, light, and power group, the fre quency rate decreased slightly, from 18.1 to 17.1; but in waterworks it increased from 21.0 to 25.1. Neither personal services nor business services, as a group, showed much change in injury rates. Five of the eight classifications under personal service recorded changes of less than one fre quency-rate point. Hotels showed a slight de crease. Eating and drinking places and medical 3The construction industry will be discussed at length in a separate bulletin. 4 and other professional services recorded minor increases. Real estate and miscellaneous repair services in the business-service group reported slight increases. Auto-repair shops continued the downward trend in injury rates noted in 1947. Outstandingly low injury-frequency rates among nonmanufacturing industries were recorded by radio broadcasting and television companies (1.7), insurance (2.1), banks and other financial agencies (2.2), and telephone companies (2.6). Preliminary reports furnished by the Bureau of Mines (U. S. Department of the Interior) indicate an encouraging improvement in the safety records of most branches of the mining industry; although the injury-frequency rates for most mining activi ties remained relatively high, reflecting the hazard ous nature of this type of work. Important de creases were recorded among the metal-mining industries: Gold-silver mining, from 108.4 in 1947 to 87.6 in 1948; gold placer mining, from 33.5 to 23.6; and miscellaneous metal mining, from 94.7 to 64.3. Frequency rates in lime quarries dropped from 54.5 to 42.4; in granite, from 62.5 to 36.6; in slate, from 53.9 to 40.5; and in sandstone, from 58.3 to 42.9. The marble-quarries rate increased from 26.0 to 31.5. The rate in the important bituminous-coal mining industry remained rela tively high— 59.5 injuries per million man-hours worked. The rate for anthracite mining dropped from 83.4 to 82.2. Iron ore-dressing mills and auxiliaries had the lowest injury-frequency rate (13.2) among the various mining industries. Cement quarries (15.9) were the next lowest. All other industries in the C h art 2 .— In ju ry -F re q u e n cy R ates a n d S everity A v e ra g e s , M a jo r M a n u fa c tu rin g G ro u p s , 1 9 4 8 120 Injury Frequency Rates A verage Days Lost per Disabling Injury IOQ 80 60 40 20 “ T — I— Lumber Furniture \ 4 y //////////////////^ ^ ^ Stone, Clay and Glass Food P roducts Iron and Steel Paper Products Machinery, except Electric All M anufacturing t V //M '///y/M /////////M Nonferrous Metals Transportation Equipment v///////////////////m m Miscellaneous M an ufacturing Textiles Le a th e r Rubber Chemicals Printing and Publishing V ///S ///;//^ Electrical Machinery Apparel UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 5 mining group had rates higher than the average for all manufacturing. Injury Severity Although the frequency of work injuries de creased, the relative proportion of fatalities and permanent disabilities increased. As a result, the average number of days lost per case in manufac turing rose from 73 in 1947 to 83 in 1948. The manufacturing severity rate,4 which reflects both * number of injuries and average time lost, increased slightly, from an average of 1.4 days for each thousand man-hours worked in 1947 to 1.5 in 1948. The proportion of deaths and permanent-total disabilities 6 reported by manufacturing establish ments increased from 0.3 percent in 1947 to 0.4 percent in 1948. The percent of permanentpartial disabilities 6 increased from 4.4 in 1947 to 4.7 in 1948. This increase in the proportion of serious cases was apparent throughout most indus tries. Of the 17 manufacturing-industry groups for which data were available, 14 showed increases in the proportion of the serious cases and a corre sponding decrease in the percent of temporary disabilities. Industries which reported relatively large per centages of fatalities and/or permanent-total dis abilities included cement mills (2.7 percent— fatalities only), iron and steel (2.3), byproduct coke ovens (2.2—fatalities only), cold-finished steel (1.5), concrete, gypsum, and plaster products (1.5), petroleum refining (1.3— fatalities only), aircraft manufacturing (1.2), industrial chemicals (1.1) , and logging (1.1 percent). The percentage of permanent-partial disabilities was high in the manufacturing of hardware (11.1), envelopes (11.1) , carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings (10.4), and electrical appliances (9.9). The increased severity average in manufactur ing 6 from 73 days in 1947 to 83 days in 1948 4 The severity rate is the average number of days lost, because of disabling work injuries, per 1,000 employee-hours worked. The computations of days lost include standard time charges for fatalities and permanent disabilities, as given in Method of Compiling Industrial Injury Rates, approved by the American Standards Association, 1945. 6 A permanent-total disability is an injury, other than death, which per manently and totally incapacitates an employee from following any gainful occupation. A permanent-partial disability consists of the complete loss in one accident of any member or part of a member of the body, or any perma nent impairment of functions of the body or part thereof to any degree less than permanent-total disability. « The severity average is the average number of days lost per case, including the actual time lost because of temporary-total disabilities and the standard time charges for deaths and permanent impairments. 868109—50----- 2 reflects the greater proportion of more serious cases. Increases occurred not only in the percent of fatalities and permanent impairments, but also in the time charges for permanent-partial disabili ties which rose from an average of 863 days per case in 1947 to 925 in 1948. This indicates an increase in cases involving the loss of limbs or other important body members, for which there are greater time charges. The average time lost because of temporary-total disabilities remained the same as in 1947 (16 days per case). The iron and steel industry had the highest severity average, 244 days per case. In this industry 8.7 percent of all cases reported were permanent-partial impairments, and 2.3 percent were fatalities or permanent-total disabilities. The average time lost as a result of temporary-total disabilities was 34 days per case, which was over twice as high as the average for all manufacturing combined. Other manufacturing industries with high severity averages were cold-finished steel, 172 days per case; chemical products not elsewhere classified, 165; concrete, gypsum, and plaster products, 152; and industrial chemicals, 151. The decrease in the frequency of work injuries offset the increase in average days lost per case, with the result that the severity rate for all manu facturing increased only slightly, from 1.4 days in 1947 to 1.5 days lost for each thousand employeehours in 1948. However, the combination of a high frequency rate with long duration of time lost per case resulted in high severity rates in the following industries: Logging (10.1), sawmills (5.5), plywood mills (4.8), integrated saw and planing mills (4.7), breweries (4.4), concrete, gypsum, and plaster products (4.2). Among the nonmanufacturing classifications, police and fire departments recorded substantial decreases in their injury-severity rates. This was due to decreases in the proportion of more serious cases and resulting fewer days of disability. The severity rate for waterworks increased, due to an increase in both frequency of injuries and length of disability. Stevedoring had the highest sever ity rate— 13.0—which resulted from a high fre quency rate combined with an average of 209 days lost per case. The proportion of permanent-partial disabilities in this industry was relatively high. The electric light and power industry had an average of 142 days lost or charged for each dis 6 ability owing to a relatively high proportion of fatalities. However, low frequency rate resulted in a severity rate of only 2.2. Data on average days lost and the severity rates for mining industries are not available. The pro portion of fatalities reported for this group, how ever, was relatively high. Of all cases reported, 3.7 percent in cement quarrying, 2.2 percent in iron mining, and 2.0 percent in bituminous-coal mining were fatalities. A considerable improve ment was shown, however, over 1947, when the corresponding percentages were 4.6, 2.5, and 2.1. C hart 3 .— Industrial In ju ry -F re q u e n cy Rates in M a n u fa c tu rin g , b y Types o f D is a b ility INDEX An analysis of the permanent-partial disabilities reported in manufacturing during 1948 indicates that 77 percent of such cases involved the ampu tation or permanent impairment of a hand or one or more fingers. Foot and toe cases accounted for 8 percent of the total; the loss of sight in one eye, for 4 percent; the amputation or loss of use of an arm, for 4 percent, and of a leg, for 3 percent; and all other impairments, for 4 percent. The proportion of hand and finger cases decreased 3 percentage points from 1947, and arm, leg, and foot cases each increased 1 percentage point. IN D E X Impairments to hands and fingers were most prevalent in the manufacture of metal furniture (96 percent of all permanent partial cases in the industry), stamped and pressed metal products (91 percent), miscellaneous manufacturing, not elsewhere classified (93 percent), and slaughtering and meat packing (90 percent). Such cases ac counted for less than 50 percent of the total in logging, stevedoring, and streetcar and bus opera tion. Logging reported a relatively high propor tion of leg, foot, and eye impairments. Foot and toe cases were prevalent in stevedoring. Whole- 7 sale and retail distribution of dairy products had large proportions of arm and leg impairments. Other industries with a high percentage of arm cases were breweries, glass, leather, sugar refining, woolen and worsted textiles, and streetcar and bus operation. Leg impairments also constituted a large proportion of the permanent-partial disa bilities in sawmills, steam fittings and apparatus, and structural clay products industries. Foot and toe cases were important in the carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings industry; dyeing and finishing textiles; flour, feed, and grain-mill prod ucts; gas utilities; sugar refining; streetcar and bus operation; and stevedoring. The loss of sight in one eye was a prevalent type of disability in the fertilizer, iron foundry, glass, and logging industries. Of the temporary-total disability cases reported in manufacturing, 34.7 percent resulted in 3 or less days of lost time, and 65.3 percent in 4 or more days. This is approximately the same ratio that was reported in 1947. The cases of longer duration, however, accounted for 95.3 percent of the total time lost on account of temporary disabilities— a slightly higher ratio than that of 1947, indicating an increase in the average days lost by cases of 4 or more days’ duration. Among individual manufacturing industries, the proportion of 1-, 2-, and 3-day cases varied from 18.9 percent of all temporary-total disabilities in the iron and steel industry to 64.5 percent in the professional and scientific instruments and sup plies industry. Other manufacturing industries with high ratios of short-time disability cases included elevators, escalators, and conveyors (49.0 percent), sheet-metal work (47.0 percent), slaugh tering and meat packing (46.6 percent), men’s and boys’ clothing (46.1 percent), and stone, clay, and glass products, not elsewhere classified (45.5 percent). Each of these industries had a relatively low average of days lost due to temporary-total disability, and, with the exception of sheet-metal work, they also had relatively low severity averages. Industries having a large proportion of tem porary-total cases involving 4 or more days of disability were iron and steel (81.1 percent), log ging (78.1 percent), and aircraft manufacturing (77.4 percent). Nonmanufacturing industries reporting a high percentage of short-duration disabilities were retail apparel and accessories (53.7 percent), dry clean ing (50.0 percent), miscellaneous repair services (49.6 percent), wholesale distribution (47.7 per cent), local trucking and hauling (45.5 percent), and combination laundry and dry cleaning estab lishments (45.0 percent). Only 15 percent of the temporary disability cases in stevedoring involved 3 or less days of disability; 85 percent involved 4 or more days. Appendix Injury-frequency and severity rates, severity averages, and the disability distribution for in dividual industries and for industry groups are shown in table A. The group rates were computed by weighting the individual industry rates accord ing to the total employment in each industry. Table B shows changes in employment, em ployee-hours worked, disabling injuries, and days lost for establishments which reported for both 1947 and 1948. The percentage distribution of permanent im pairments according to the part of the body affected is shown in industry detail in table C. Table D shows, for a considerable number of industries, the proportion of all temporary-total disabilities which involved less than 4 days of lost time per case. Because many reporting establishments did not supply this detail the cover age for some industries was insufficient for inclu sion in this break-down. Table E shows the general trend of industrial safety in terms of indexes of injury-frequency rates. These yearly indexes are based upon the percent change in the rates of establishments which reported in both the current and preceding year. As they do not reflect the effect of expan sion or contraction in the number of operating plants they should not be considered as indicating the general frequency rate level at any given time. They do indicate the safety trend in the plants having continuing operations. 8 T able A . — In ju ry rates and injuries by extent o f disability, 1948 [All reporting establishments] Percent of disabling in juries resulting in 1 — Industry Average days lost or charged per case 1 Injury rates * Number Average Employee- Number Death hours of estab number of dis Perma Tempo worked and Perma Tempo abling lishments of em nent(thou nentinjuries perma partial rary- All dis partial raryFre reporting ployees 8 abili nenttotal total quency sands) dis dis dis dis total ties * dis ability ability ability ability ability Sever ity 7 Manufacturing Total, manufacturing..................................... 34,407 269,899 0.4 4.7 94.9 83 925 16 «17.2 8 1.5 Apparel and other finished textile products.. Clothing, men’s and boys’ ____________ 2,123 746 831 66 232,040 121,749 69, 289 2,583 425,569 221,976 126,956 4,158 2,914 1,568 576 31 .1 (6 ) 1.8 1.4 1.2 (6 ) 98.1 98.6 98.8 (6 ) 34 19 32 (6 ) 1,058 655 1,660 (6 ) 12 10 12 («) 56. 8 7.1 4.5 7.5 8.2 .1 .l .1 109 8,145 15,163 107 (6 ) («) («) (® ) 7.i .1 372 30,274 57,315 632 .2 3.5 2,114 73 308 63 420 380 394 25 (8 ) 44 138 6 27 36 578,126 8,963 60,080 11,878 25,030 137,103 44,887 2,507 145, 000 23,180 21, 707 6, 718 65,232 4,665 1,185,698 18,823 119,039 24,109 48,392 286,122 92, 792 5, 322 304, 500 47,558 44,152 13,585 127,359 9,747 12,314 173 1,272 103 1,319 3,117 1,431 81 2,735 306 333 23 694 184 .8 («) .3 (0 ) .8 1.1 .2 («) 9 1.3 (6 ) («) (6 ) .6 (•) 4.2 (6 I ) 3.8 m 3.4 5.0 2.9 (6 ) (8 ) (6 ) (6 ) (6 ) 3.3 (•) 200 21,176 44,192 543 .6 7.8 1,085 46 54 668,982 20,345 16,058 1,342,819 38,501 33, 218 10,820 624 695 86,254 38,689 320,676 23,609 16,930 134, 621 171,716 76,575 654, 333 46,312 34,136 265,886 905 1,018 5,305 138 553 1,463 Millinery.. ._ ---------------------------------Apparel and accessories, not elsewhere classified______________________ ____ Trimmings and fabricated textile prod ucts, not elsewhere classified...______ Chemicals and allied products------------------Compressed and liquefied gases_______ Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides_____ Explosives----------------------------------------Fertilizers. -----------------------------------Industrial chemicals--------------------------Paints, varnishes, and colors__________ Paving and roofing materials__________ Petroleum refining 7. ----------------------Plastic materials, except rubber....... ...... Soap and glycerin..------- -------------------Synthetic rubber-------------------------------Synthetic textile fibers. ______________ Vegetable and animal oils------------------Chemical products, not elsewhere clas sified-------------------------- ------------ -----Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies---------------------------------------- ------Automotive electrical equipment--------Batteries __________________ Communication and signaling equip ment, except radio. — Electrical appliances....... ......... .............. Electrical equipment for industrial use.. Electric lamps (bulbs)----------------- -----Insulated wire and cable.______ _______ Radios and phonographs __ _____ _ __ Electrical equipment, not elsewhere classified______________ ____________ 41 73 549 32 48 ' 215 8,649, 473 17,461,713 (6 ) 96.3 67 1,147 95.0 (6 ) 95.9 (6 < ) 95.8 93.9 96.9 (6 ) (8 ) (6 ) (6 ) (6 ) 96.1 (6 ) 115 (6 ) 79 (6 ) 109 151 55 («) (8 ) (6 ) (6 ) (8 ) 67 (6 ) 1,294 (6 ) 1.168 (6 ) 1,566 1,343 1,098 (6 ) (8 ) (6 ) (6 ) (6 ) 536 (6 ) 91.6 165 .2 (0 ) 6.8 93.0 (6 ) w m 1.4 98. 6 .5 .3 .2 (6 ) 5.1 9.9 7.7 (6 ) 2. 2 7. 3 (6 ) (8 ) (6 ) 15 11.0 .7 16 (6 ) 14 (6 ) 18 16 11 (6 ) (8 ) (6 ) (6 ) (0 ) 14 (6 ) fi 10.8 9.2 10.7 4.3 27.3 10.9 15.4 15.2 9.0 6.4 7.5 1.7 5.4 18.9 81.8 .2 .8 3.7 3.0 2.2 1.0 2.0 (8 ) 2.6 .8 .1 1.2 2.9 1,488 13 12.3 2.2 70 (6 ) 23 690 (6 ) 738 15 (6 ) 12 « 8.0 16.2 20.9 8.6 1.1 .5 94.4 89.8 92.1 (6 ) 97.8 92.7 96 99 78 (6 ) 35 46 1,109 709 685 (6 ) 850 470 12 14 17 (6 ) 16 13 5.3 13.3 8.1 3.0 16.2 5.5 .6 1.6 .6 1.0 .7 .2 (6 ) (6 ) 27 11,800 22,137 119 Food products..------------------------ ------------Baking---------------------------------- - - -------Beverages, not elsewhere classified-------Breweries-------------------------------- --------Canning and preserving--------------- -----Confectionery-----------------------------------Dairy products---------------------------------Distilleries----------------------------------------Flour, feed, and grain-mill products-----Slaughtering and meat packing-----------Sugar refining.. ------------------------ -----Food products, not elsewhere classified.. 4,187 697 313 276 408 277 352 118 580 826 91 269 531,788 62,430 9,808 56,345 68,617 46,971 23, 222 24,432 49,961 136,184 25,546 28,272 1,094,841 134,194 19,811 116,143 117,515 92,327 54,355 48,991 108,861 289,382 54,005 59,252 24,769 2,186 562 4,118 2,474 1,542 1,176 453 2,352 7,115 1,603 1,188 .3 .2 .4 .2 .2 .1 .2 (6 ) .4 .2 .6 .4 3.2 3.4 .5 6.6 2.5 2.4 1.0 (6 ) 2.5 1.5 2.6 3.3 96.5 96.4 99.1 93.2 97.3 97.5 98.8 (6 ) 97.1 98.3 96.8 96.3 69 64 37 124 61 32 36 (6 ) 63 37 77 90 1,277 1,181 400 1,495 1,291 699 1,220 (6 ) 1,106 909 1,052 1,633 13 14 14 14 15 11 12 (6 ) 14 10 17 14 S20. 9 16.3 28.4 35.5 21.1 16.7 21.6 9.2 21.6 24.6 29.7 20.0 81.5 1.1 1.1 4.4 1.4 .6 .8 .3 1.5 1.4 2.3 2.4 Furniture and finished lumber products___ Furniture, metal-------------------------------Furniture, except metal---------------------Mattresses and bedsprings------ -----------Morticians’ supplies_____ ____________ Office, store, and restaurant fixtures___ Wooden c o n t a i n e r s -----------------------Miscellaneous wood products, not else where classified..................................... 2,302 91 841 260 105 115 494 240, 249 29,657 92,174 24,134 6,852 11,654 44,226 493,351 59,505 192,588 47,429 14,203 23,715 91,238 13,258 1,036 4,591 1,096 284 364 3,887 .1 .2 .1 .2 .3 5.7 4.5 7.0 4.3 2.8 7.1 5.2 94.2 95.3 92.9 95.5 97.2 92.9 94.5 69 60 78 58 29 60 74 850 805 857 850 581 679 863 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 825.7 17.4 23.8 23.1 20 0 15.3 42.6 « 1.8 1.0 1.9 1.7 6 .9 3.4 396 31,552 64,670 2,000 .1 4.4 95.5 59 936 14 30.9 2.1 Iron and steel and their products......... ........ Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets..... ........ Cold-finished steel----------------------------Cutlery and edge to o ls ....... .......... ........ Fabricated structural steel..... ................. Forgings, iron and steel--------------------- Foundries, iron........................................ Foundries, steel........................ - ............. Hardware___________________________ Heating equipment, not elsewhere classi fied......................... ............................... Iron and steel............................ ............... Metal coating and engraving.................. Ornamental metalwork............................ 4,705 84 44 127 436 171 774 131 171 1, 518,672 24,805 11, 782 22,832 60,279 56, 617 144,095 60,051 55.836 3,067, 928 50, 565 23,905 47,070 126,825 114,010 291,373 120, 762 113,558 56, 409 776 441 956 3,301 2,734 11, 571 3,678 1,488 .7 .4 1.5 .3 .7 .4 .3 .7 .1 5.0 3.0 7.0 4.3 4.7 4.2 1.7 3.6 11.1 94.3 96.6 91.5 95.4 94.6 95.4 98.0 95.7 88.8 101 54 172 62 92 77 48 84 96 854 431 818 698 788 771 971 667 664 19 19 26 12 15 20 15 21 16 «19.5 15.3 18.4 20.3 26.0 24.0 39.7 30.5 13.1 8 1.9 .7 3.2 1.5 2.8 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.2 276 214 132 131 63,128 566, 085 12,855 16,829 124,141 1,144, 668 25, 096 34,247 3,381 8, 507 710 705 .2 2.3 .3 .7 4.5 8.7 5.0 3.5 95.3 89.0 94.7 95.8 69 244 62 78 949 878 690 589 14 34 13 14 27.2 7.4 28.3 20.6 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.6 See footnotes at end of table. (6 ) 5.4 (6 ) (8 ) 9 T a b l e A .— In ju ry rates and injuries by extent o f disability , 194 8 — Continued Percent of disabling in juries resulting in 1 — Industry Average days lost or charged per case 1 Injury rates * Number Average Employee- Number Death hours of dis of estab number Perma Tempo and Perma Tempo worked abling lishments of em raryrary- All dis nentnent(thou Fre injuries perma partial total reporting ployees 3 abili partial total quency nentsands) dis dis dis dis ties 4 total ability ability dis ability ability ability Sever ity 4 Manufacturing—Continued Iron and steel and their products—Con. Plate fabrication and boiler-shop prod ucts_______________________________ Plumbers’ supplies-------- --------- ----------Screw-machine products--------------------Sheet-metal work............ ........................ Stamped and pressed metal products— Steam fittings and apparatus--------------Steel barrels, kegs, drums, and packages _ Steel springs-------------------------------------Tin cans and other tinware----------------Tools, except edge tools----------------------Vitreous-enameled products----------------Wire and wire products,.------ -----------Wrought pipes, welded and heavy-riv eted----- -------------------------- ------ ------Iron and steel products, not elsewhere classified..--------------- ---------------------Leather and leather products-------------------Boots and shoes, not rubber----- ---------Leather__________________ ____ ______ Leather products, not elsewhere classi fied---------- ------------------------------------ 222 172 23 230 40,672 46,184 23,496 10,808 93, 930 35, 688 8, 012 11, 836 41,409 24,135 5,019 56,134 83,406 91,945 48, 680 21, 843 188, 097 72, 761 16, 037 23,134 84, 528 48,959 9, 626 109, 690 2,783 1,732 791 553 4,057 1,631 249 481 1, 243 943 242 2,239 19 7,171 14, 284 266 110 181 119 419 171 34 33 110 (8 ) (6 ) 64 94 32 87 85 137 (8 ) 45 50 72 63 66 (8 ) (8 ) 171 18,984 38, 705 951 .3 5.5 172,884 131, 645 32,020 327, 229 245, 771 63,826 3,987 2,057 1,748 .1 .1 .2 3.4 3.1 3.2 96.5 96.8 96.6 127 9, 219 17, 631 182 (8 ) (8 ) (6 ) 93 57 38 71 626 1,200 638 706 741 1, 551 (8 ) 565 762 715 1,127 897 33.4 18.8 16.2 25.3 21.6 22.4 15.5 20.8 14.7 19.3 25.1 20.4 2.0 2.0 .5 2.7 1.9 3.8 .4 .9 .6 1.4 1.6 1.4 18.6 .5 1,051 15 24.6 2.5 984 588 1,370 13 13 14 511. 2 8.4 27.4 «.5 .3 2.0 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 13 15 11 13 17 13 (8 ) 23 15 13 13 18 (8 ) 10.3 (8 ) .4 3 58.6 91.8 57.8 53.0 40.7 35.5 36.2 29.1 « 6.0 10.1 5.5 4.7 2.8 4.8 3.8 1.8 158,263 20, 416 39,143 25, 039 19,441 16,409 6, 645 31,170 325,089 38,985 78,581 50, 668 39, 873 35, 818 14, 242 66,920 16,164 3,578 4, 543 2,686 1, 622 1, 272 515 1,948 .7 1.1 .7 .7 .2 .5 .5 .2 3.5 2.3 3.4 3.5 5.0 7.7 4.3 4.4 95.8 96.6 95.9 95.8 94.8 91.8 95.2 95.4 96 111 96 94 66 141 96 58 1,075 1,370 1,086 1,042 845 1,205 1,041 661 16 16 17 17 13 17 20 14 2,325, 279 295,331 89,281 411,450 208,802 36,878 164, 535 4,584 55,436 39,071 6,453 1,285 3,911 5,146 781 1,767 85 1,100 .2 .1 8 150 1,148,351 147, 687 45, 265 207,097 100, 276 17, 526 80,838 2,195 26, 797 4.7 6.8 3.0 6.7 3.5 3.0 6.3 (8 ) 3.6 95.1 93.1 97.0 93.1 96.3 96.7 92.8 (8 ) 96.4 63 61 34 68 59 70 112 (8 ) 33 791 647 618 667 988 1,340 642 (8 ) 563 14 12 16 15 16 11 21 (8 ) 13 5 17.5 21.9 14.4 9.5 24.6 21.2 10.7 18.5 19.8 5 1.2 1.8 .5 .7 1.7 2.1 .9 .7 .7 Machinery, except electric-----------------------Agricultural machinery and tractors----Bearings, ball and roller------------ --------Commercial and household machinery.. Construction and mining machinery----Elevators, escalators, and conveyors----Engines and turbines....... ...... ................ Fabricated pipe and fittings---------------Food-products machinery------------------General industrial machinery and equip ment, not elsewhere classified----------General machine shops (jobbing and repair)---------------------- ------------- -----Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments_____________ ______ Mechanical power-transmission equip ment, except ball and roller bearings.. Metalworking machinery-------------------Pumps and compressors---------------------Special-industry machinery, not else where classified------------------------------Textile machinery.............. .......... ......... 3,690 243 53 251 306 62 Nonferrous metals and their products--------Aluminum and magnesium products— Foundries, nonferrous------------------ -----Nonferrous basic shapes and forms------Primary smelting and refining 7 ....... ...... Copper--------- -------------- --------------Lead-silver......................................... Zinc------------------------------------------Miscellaneous----------- ----------------Watches, clocks, jewelry, and silverware. Nonferrous metal products, not else where classified---------------------------- 66 439 66 .2 .2 .3 .9 (8 ) 483 118,349 239, 290 4,614 .2 5.7 94.1 82 1,029 12 19.3 1.7 366 17,636 36,157 803 .6 5.0 94.4 88 800 12 22.2 2.0 95 36,789 73,758 936 .4 2.1 97.5 54 660 16 12.7 .6 94 853 133 29, 680 157,820 38, Oil 59,164 320,195 78,249 1,134 4, 509 1,396 .4 .4 .3 5.9 4.7 3.9 93.7 94.9 95.8 82 77 49 650 871 425 23 12 14 19.2 14.1 17.8 1.7 1.2 .9 399 128 79,876 42, 509 162,525 89,639 3, 282 1,869 .1 .2 5.4 1.6 94.5 98.2 60 31 733 632 15 8 20.2 20.9 1.2 .9 849 52 377 45 459,201 30, 630 56,453 72,683 87,470 32, 610 10, 510 26,880 17,470 100,364 7,103 477 1,413 1,005 1,979 602 191 846 340 723 .3 (8 ) .2 (6 ) 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.1 *.5 6.0 (6 ) 2.9 (6 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 8.1 93.7 (8 ) 96.9 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 91.4 79 (8 ) 39 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 100 743 (8 ) 647 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 673 17 150 218,491 15,405 28, 347 35, 745 33, 200 12,500 4,000 9,800 6,900 50,133 10 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 16 5 14.9 15.6 25.0 13.8 22.6 18.5 18.2 31.5 19.5 7.2 «1.3 1.7 1.1 2.7 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8) .7 * 225 55,661 111, 599 1,506 .3 6.7 93.0 23 13.5 1.1 77,042 395 5.1 1.1 (8 ) (8) (8 ) (8) (8 ) 23 37,244 Paper and allied products..... ........................ Envelopes_____________ _____________ Paper boxes and containers___________ Paper and pulp_____________ ____ t ----Paper products, not elsewhere classified. 1,456 82 593 568 213 321,998 8,866 51,131 224,908 37,093 691, 209 18,013 103, 760 492, 939 76, 495 13,695 198 2,049 10,098 1,350 Printing and publishing.. Book and job printing. Bookbinding............... 2,649 1,696 66 217,823 102, 528 4,389 434,074 205,294 8,799 3,883 1,810 117 .2 .1 95.9 95.8 96.7 93.9 92.4 93.9 (8 ) 96.0 95.2 93.3 95.6 95.2 749 443 179 1, 784 242 554 123 289 71 See footnotes at end of table. .6 .2 .7 (8 ) 3.6 3.6 3.3 5.5 7.4 5.4 (8 ) 4.0 4.8 6.5 4.5 4.7 94.2 Lumber and timber basic products.— Logging-----------------------------------Sawmills---- --------- -------------------Saw and planing mills, integrated. Planing m ills--------------------------Plywood mills------- ------ -----------Veneer mills___________________ Mill work (structural)----------------- Ordnance and accessories. 0.5 .6 89 (8 ) 743 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) .2 .5 .1 5.5 11.1 6.3 5.6 3.1 94.1 88.9 93.5 93.9 96.8 108 102 90 118 41 1,181 805 1,074 1,243 684 17 15 12 18 14 5 19.4 11.0 19.7 20.5 17.6 * 1.8 1.1 1.9 2.3 .7 .2 .1 C O 4.3 5.6 (8 ) 95.5 94.3 (8 ) 61 72 (# ) 858 930 (8 ) 13 13 (6 ) «9,2 8.8 13.3 •.6 .6 1.4 (8 ) .4 10 T a b l e A .— In ju ry rates and injuries by extent o f disabilityf 1948 — Continued Percent of disabling in juries resulting in Industry Average days lost or charged per case 1 Injury rates2 Number Average Employee- Number hours Death of estab number of dis worked and Perma Tempo Perma Tempo lishments of em abling (thou perma nentrary- All dis nentraryreporting ployees 8 injuries Fre sands) nent- partial total abili partial total quency total dis dis dis ties 4 dis dis ability ability ability ability ability Sever ity i Manufacturing—C ontinue d Printing and publishing—Continued News and periodical__________________ 887 110,906 219,981 1,956 0.2 3.3 96.5 48 732 13 8.9 0.4 Rubber products........................... ................ Rubber boots and shoes___ ____ ______ Rubber tires and tubes Rubber products, not elsewhere classified-_ 280 30 41 209 224,100 34, 500 111,558 78, 042 433, 786 69,730 210,047 154,009 4, 541 436 1,622 2,483 .1 (® ) 7.2 00 6.4 7.8 92.7 (6 ) 93.6 92.2 102 (8 ) 84 104 1,095 («) 938 1,167 17 a 11.1 6.3 7. 7 16! 1 81.0 1.0 4 l! 7 Stone, clay, and glass products_______ ____ Cement mills (excluding quarries) 7__ _ Clay products (structural)____________ Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products. Cut stone and cut-stone products_____ Glass____________________________ ___ Pottery and related products_________ Stone, clay, and glass products, not elsewhere classified_____________________ 1,621 (8 ) 667 346 74 248 136 255, 306 24,400 52,953 12, 990 3,190 94,114 35,025 531, 644 65,043 107, 948 29, 032 6, 216 188, 722 70, 266 11, 246 663 4,087 832 236 2,835 1,268 .5 92. 7 .6 1.5 .8 .2 .8 2.7 (8 ) 2.6 4.0 1.7 2.7 1.8 96.8 (8 ) 96.8 94.5 97.5 97.1 97.4 79 78 152 68 72 78 1,214 (8 ) 1,144 1,277 413 1, 517 753 922.1 10.2 37.9 28.7 38.0 15.0 18.0 81.9 (8 ) 2.9 4.2 2.6 1.1 1.4 150 32, 634 64, 414 1,325 .1 3.0 96.9 53 1,163 12 20.6 1.4 Textiles and textile-mill products________ Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings.. Cordage and twine _________________ Cotton yarn and textiles________ _____ Dyeing and finishing textiles__________ Hats, except cloth and millinery_______ Knit goods_______________ _________ Rayon, other synthetic and silk textiles. Woolen and worsted textiles__________ Miscellaneous textile goods, not else where classified.. ______________ . . . 2,579 92 54 590 361 26 764 220 398 796,614 52,049 9, 514 304, 729 67, 325 8,872 136,018 70,179 137,080 1, 578, 238 105, 563 18, 438 612, 245 136, 700 16,070 253,987 142,942 270,804 18, 790 1, 772 344 6, 620 2, 259 195 1,808 1,317 3,995 .3 .4 4.4 10.4 5.8 4.2 3.9 («) 2.0 1.0 2.5 95.3 89.2 94.2 95.5 95.8 (< 0 97.8 98.7 97.2 75 138 57 71 74 (6 ) 43 44 66 964 965 640 951 923 («) 867 883 1,279 16 15 21 16 21 811.7 16.8 18 7 10.8 16.5 12.1 7.1 9.2 14.8 «.9 2.3 1.1 .'9 1.4 .4 .3 .4 1.2 74 10,848 21, 486 480 Transportation equipment________________ Aircraft. _______ ____ ____ _________ Aircraft parts______________ ______ . . . Boatbuilding and repairing___________ Motor vehicles______________________ Motor-vehicle parts___________ _______ Railroad equipment__________________ Shipbuilding and repairing____________ Transportation equipment, not else where classified.________ ___________ 904 28 72 104 235 185 94 165 1,024,318 131,313 70,005 4,366 373, 726 269,155 88,649 78,180 2,044, 669 269,652 143,986 8, 773 737,036 525,068 183,806 158, 718 23, 437 1,334 1,466 423 5, 383 6,929 3, 318 4,254 21 8,924 17,627 330 Miscellaneous manufacturing_____________ Brooms and brushes............ ................... Coke ovens: 1 Beehive__________________________ Byproduct_______________________ Fabricated plastics products__________ Optical and ophthalmic goods............... Photographic apparatus and materials.. Professional and scientific instruments and supplies.____ __________________ Tobacco products____________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing, not else where classified____________________ 1,307 77 304, 224 7,700 624,039 15,635 151 60 53 147 3,100 21,900 23,619 19,687 50,983 30, Oil 198 621 (8 ) (8 ) .3 .3 00 .2 .3 .3 (8 ) (8 ) 25 13 14 (8 ) («) 14 13 10 16 14 11 15 18 6.4 93.6 86 1,169 12 22.3 1.6 .4 1.2 .2 00 .4 .2 .3 •8 6.9 6.2 4.1 (•) 9.3 8.8 5.2 2.7 92.7 92.6 95.7 00 90.3 91.0 94.5 96.5 90 144 60 00 102 78 91 104 692 900 843 00 666 593 873 955 19 18 14 00 20 13 27 28 812.3 4.9 10.2 48.2 7.3 13.2 18.1 26.8 « 1.0 .8 .8 (8 ) .7 .9 1.5 2.6 5.2 94.8 44 662 11 18. 7 .8 7,103 246 .1 .4 4.9 4.9 95.0 94.7 58 72 782 763 12 11 812.3 15.7 8.9 1.1 5,950 63, 590 47,861 38, 521 99,942 61,184 227 695 694 232 594 934 9.9 9 2.2 .2 (6 ) («) (8 ) (8 ) 5.4 (*) (6 ) 1.8 (8 ) (8 ) 94.4 («) (6 ) 98.2 83 00 (6 ) 21 (8 ) (8 ) 1,011 00 G) 804 15 38.2 10.9 14.5 6.0 5.9 15.3 50, 023 94, 295 782 .1 6.1 93.8 62 704 12 8.3 .5 97,201 197,058 2,699 .2 5.8 94.0 70 785 15 13.7 1.1 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) C) 8 00 («) 7 (8 ) (8 ) 1.4 .2 .3 .5 Nonmanufacturing Construction w------------------------------ --------General contractors: Building construction n___________ Heavy and marine construction___ Highway and street construction_ _ General contractors, other 12............. Special-trade contractors: Plumbing, heating, and air condi tioning ii_____________________ Painting, paperhanging, and decor ating ii________ ____ ___________ Electrical work 1 _______ __________ 1 Masonry, stone setting, and other stonework n.___________________ Plastering and lathing n__________ Terrazzo, tile, mantel, marble, and mosaic work n________ _____ ___ Carpentering n ___________________ Roofing and sheet-metal work n___ Concrete work » ................................ Structural-steel erection and orna mental metalwork 1 ____________ 2 Excavation and foundation work i2 _ Wrecking and demolition work........ See footnotes at end of table. 16,321 (• > 719,866 26, 402 1.2 4.0 94.8 135 1,219 14 36.7 5.0 3,149 686 945 188 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 199,080 132, 402 82, 286 5, 441 7, 770 5,194 3, 559 234 1.0 1.4 1.3 4.3 2.8 3.9 2.9 6.0 96.2 94.7 95.8 89.7 101 148 126 355 1,060 1,183 1,247 1,407 13 15 13 16 39.0 39.2 43.3 43.0 3.9 5.8 5.5 15.3 2,186 (8 ) 56,837 1,740 .7 3.9 95.4 112 1,472 11 30.6 3.4 1,448 1,973 (8 ) (8 ) 26,326 51,259 505 1,088 2.2 2.1 6.1 4.4 91.7 93.5 239 204 1,489 1,427 18 15 19.2 21.2 4.6 4.3 578 584 (8 ) (8 ) 14, 298 18,135 528 708 .4 .4 1.9 2.7 97.7 96.9 76 82 2,150 1,645 12 13 36.9 39.0 2.8 3.2 534 453 1,007 481 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 12, 611 6, 726 23, 660 9,482 245 231 946 267 1.6 .9 .8 1.1 4.9 6.5 2.3 2.6 93.5 92.6 96.9 96.3 205 135 102 136 1,933 1,100 1,650 2,000 13 13 13 17 19.4 34.3 40.0 28.2 4.0 4.6 4.1 3.8 246 371 120 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 27,851 10,003 3,878 1,450 313 226 2.2 .3 .4 8.3 4.8 4.9 89.4 94.9 94.7 280 89 90 1,549 1,190 1,018 21 14 14 52.1 31.3 58.3 14.6 2.8 5.2 11 T a b l e A .— In ju ry rates and injuries by extent o f disability, 1 948 — Continued Percent of disabling in juries resulting in Industry Average days lost or charged per case 1 Injury rates3 Number Average Employee- Number Death hours of dis of estab number Perma Tempo and Perma Tempo worked abling lishments of em raryrary- All dis nentnent(thou Fre injuries perma partial total reporting ployees 8 abili partial total quency nentsands) dis dis ties 4 dis dis total ability ability dis ability ability ability Sever ity 1 Nonmanufacturing—Continued Construction—Continued Special-trade contractors—Continued Installation of machinery and equip ment, not elsewhere classified 1 __. 3 Special-trade contractors, other 1 ___ 2 Communication: 1 0 Telephone (wire and radio)..................... Radio broadcasting and television.......... 120 1, 252 126 429 Transportation i° 1 ......................................... 3 Stevedoring....... ....................................... Streetcar....................................... - ......... Bus (local)...------ ---------------.................. Streetcar and bus (joint operations)-----Trucking and hauling (local).................. Warehousing and storage........................ Transportation, not elsewhere classified. 1,396 67 15 283 48 629 267 86 13,459 26,125 629 769 0.6 .9 18.6 3.3 80.8 95.8 161 109 596 1,140 14 18 46.7 29.4 7.5 3.2 563,125 16,803 1,065,287 32, 589 2,798 55 .8 (< 0 .7 00 98.5 00 76 00 2,115 (8 ) 17 00 2.6 1.7 .2 .3 217,105 (8 ) 9,952 36,007 94, 289 16,669 20,182 2,704 535,316 36,161 22,935 83,190 219,585 35,498 42,387 6,051 12,796 2,252 474 1,147 4, 507 1,090 1,127 55 .5 .4 .6 .8 .4 .6 .7 00 2.9 10.8 1.1 3.3 1.0 .4 3.2 00 96.6 88.8 98.3 95.9 98.6 99.0 96.1 00 91 209 71 113 55 47 102 00 1,438 1,432 1,880 1, 591 1,500 713 1,392 (< 0 18 31 14 14 17 12 14 23.9 62.3 20.7 13.8 20.5 30.7 26.6 9.1 2.2 13.0 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.5 2.9 .6 760,282 566,932 192,202 13,013 8,644 4,344 1.3 1.6 .8 2.2 2.4 1.7 96.5 96.0 97.5 122 142 81 3,377 1,396 1,334 15 16 13 17.1 15.2 22.6 2.1 2.2 1.8 (8 ) (8 ) (6 ) Heat, light, and power w................................ Electric light and power.......................... Gas.—........................- ............................. 630 389 225 362,635 269, 351 92,754 Waterworks1 ...............- ................................. 0 175 11,229 22,292 559 .4 2.0 97.6 60 1,228 14 25.1 1.5 3,730 251 494 792 104 1,491 448 113 37 .3 .4 .2 .4 (8 ) .3 1.9 4.0 3.2 3.0 00 1.0 .9 («) (6 ) 97.8 95.6 96.6 96.6 00 98.7 99.1 (8 ) (8 ) 53 77 67 74 00 41 27 0 00 1,296 1,120 1,253 1,281 00 1,413 1,875 (8 ) 00 12 9 15 13 00 11 11 (8 ) (8 ) 10.2 6.3 7.8 9.2 8.4 14.1 14.9 5.3 6.6 .5 .5 .5 .7 .2 .6 .4 .4 .1 1, 540 232 380 64 373 177 314 .5 .3 00 .8 00 .6 1.5 1.7 1.3 (8 ) .5 («) 3.2 98.0 98.3 98.4 00 98.7 (8 ) 96.2 63 22 48 00 63 00 87 1,215 375 1,410 (8 ) 300 («) 1,180 14 15 14 13 00 11 4.4 2.2 2.1 7.0 11.4 13.6 31.1 Personal services..................................... ....... Dry cleaning............................................. Laundries........................ - ....................... Laundry with dry cleaning..................... Amusements and related services........... Hotels---------- ------------ ............................ Eating and drinking places..................... Medical and other professional services. Miscellaneous personal services.............. 3, 565 639 564 499 132 472 903 180 176 169,403 18,897 30,054 39,970 6, 513 46,381 14, 724 10,072 2,792 364, 377 39,609 62,943 86, 437 12,325 106,113 30,050 21,283 5,614 Business services----- ------- —..........- ............. Banks and other financial agencies------Insurance................................................. Real estate ............................................... Miscellaneous business services-----------Automobile repair shops and garages— Miscellaneous repair services................... 3,048 953 488 312 437 528 330 180,224 53,697 94,952 4,511 16,448 5,781 4,835 351,076 103, 308 182,684 9,159 32, 771 13,043 10,109 Educational services....................................... 201 131,491 232,724 1,938 .1 1.9 98.0 45 1,367 13 8.3 .4 Eire departments....... - .................................. 216 30,794 99,167 3,069 .5 .6 98.9 51 722 16 30.9 1.6 (8 ) .3 (“) .1 .6 .7 1.3 2.7 147 18,532 44,567 1,256 1.0 .4 98.6 79 1,050 18 28.2 2.2 10,051 2,796 520 1,106 387 976 360 838 2,036 630 366,209 90, 392 93,910 35,175 23, 553 21,222 3,753 27,982 37,901 19, 575 755,088 190, 569 172,899 75,629 56,135 47, 550 8,480 54,226 80,325 42, 465 10,380 3,225 944 1,146 1,303 774 85 229 834 1,311 .3 .3 .1 .1 .3 .3 (6 ) 00 1.0 .5 2.1 1.8 .4 .9 3.1 1.8 (8 ) 00 1.6 5.3 97.6 97.9 99.5 99.0 96.6 97.9 (8 ) (< 0 97.4 94.2 57 45 22 22 87 54 00 (8 ) 87 92 1,149 961 975 675 1,785 1, 386 00 12 11 12 11 14 14 «.9 .8 .1 .3 2.0 .9 .1 1,062 893 14 13 815.1 16.9 5.5 15.2 23.2 16.3 10.0 4.2 10.4 30.9 402 12, 746 26,804 529 .8 1.7 97.5 92 1,872 16 19.7 Police departments......................................... Wholesale distributors.......... ................ Retail, general merchandise....... - ........... Retail fo o d .............................................. Wholesale and retail dairy products...... Retail automobiles and accessories......... Filling stations......................................... Retail apparel and accessories....... ......... Miscellaneous retail stores------------------Wholesale and retail building supplies. . Wholesale and retail trade, not else where classified..................................... 00 00 (8 ) 92 00 (M ) .9 2.8 1.8 Mining and quarrying:* Coal mines.............- ................................. Bituminous........................................ Anthracite.......................................... (8 ) (8 ) 485,600 404,800 80,800 867, 500 715, 720 151, 780 55,055 42, 585 12, 470 « 1.8 »2.0 » 1.1 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 00 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 (8 > (8 ) (8 ) Metal mines............................................. Iron................ ................................... Copper................................................ Lead-zinc........................................... Gold-silver. ........................................ Gold placer......... ............................... Miscellaneous metal.......................... (S ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 72,000 26,900 16,300 16,400 5,400 4,100 2,900 160,480 61,920 39,850 33,470 11,000 7,660 6,580 7,616 1,493 1,611 2,944 964 181 423 » 1.3 » 2. 2 » 1.9 ».6 » 1.5 9.6 9.7 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) © (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 92 91 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 91 00 00 (8 ) (8 ) (s ) (8 ) (8 ) Nonmetal mines....................................... (8 ) 12,200 28,350 1,180 » 1.3 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 41.6 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 53,800 4,300 21,700 9,900 3,100 6,300 115,397 10,147 43,900 23,710 5.900 13,810 4,420 161 1,763 1,004 186 506 81.2 «3.7 « 1.6 8.9 9.5 « 1.2 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (0 00 (8 ) (8 ) 00 00 (8 ) (8 ) 38.3 15.9 40.2 42.4 31.5 36.6 Quarries............ - .............r---Cement (excluding mills). Limestone. Lime........ Marble— Granite_ _ See footnotes at end of table. (8) (8) (8) 00 (8 ) (8) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 00 (8 ) 00 (8 ) (8 ) 00 00 (8 ) (8 ) 92 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 63.5 69.5 82.2 00 00 (8 ) 47.5 24.1 40.4 88.0 87.6 23.6 64.3 (8 ) (8 ) 0 0 <8 ) 0 («) (8 ) 0 (8 ) (8 ) 00 12 T a b l e A .— In ju ry rates and injuries by extent o f disability , 1 948 — Continued Percent of disabling in juries resulting in 1 — Average days lost or charged per case 1 Injury rates2 Number Average Employee- Number Death hours of estab number of dis worked and Perma Tempo Perma Tempo abling lishments of em (thou nentnentreporting ployees 3 injuries perma partial rary- All dis partial raryFre sands) nenttotal abili total quency total dis dis dis ties4 dis dis ability ability ability ability ability Industry Sever ity i Nonmanufacturing—Continued Mining and quarrying—Continued Quarries—Continued Traprock________________________ Slate____________________________ ___ Sandstone _______________ (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 2,600 1,900 4,000 5,090 4,890 7,950 261 198 341 90.4 »1.5 9 .3 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) Ore dressing (mills and auxiliaries)____ C opper................... ................ ......... Iron _ ................................. ........... . Gold-silver----------------------------------Lead-zinc_____________ _____ _____ Miscellaneous metals_____________ (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 16,110 6,300 3,300 900 4,500 1,110 36,730 16,020 7,220 2,170 8,860 2,460 844 294 95 121 243 91 •1.1 #1.4 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 1Based on reports which furnished details regarding the resulting dis abilities, constituting approximately 60 percent of the total sample. 2The frequency rate is the average number of disabling injuries for each million employee-hours worked. The severity rate is the average number of days lost or charged for each thousand employee-hours worked. The stand ard time-loss ratings for fatalities and permanent disabilities are given in Method of Compiling Industrial Injury Rates, approved by the American Standards Association, 1945. 3 Reports in this survey secured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics include all employees—production and related workers; force-account construction workers; administrative, supervisory, sales, technical, service, and office personnel. Reports compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior (see footnote 7) include men engaged in production, develop ment, maintenance, and repair work; and supervisory and technical person nel at the operation, but exclude office personnel and employees in stores or affiliated operations not directly connected with mining or refining. (8 ) 8.8 81.2 » 1.1 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 51.3 40.5 42.9 (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 23.0 18.4 13 2 5* 8 5. 27.4 37.0 (8 ) (8 ) V ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) (8 ) 4 Each death or permanent-total disability is charged with a time loss of 6,000 days in the computation of severity rates. 5Weighted according to estimates of total current employment in each industry. 6 Disability distribution and average time charges not given because of small number of injuries for which details were reported. 7 Compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior; data represent preliminary estimated industry totals, based on an average of 83 percent coverage of all mining industries. 8Not available. 9 Fatalities only. Primarily reported by company instead of by establishment. 1 Formerly combined as '‘ Building construction.” 1 1 Formerly combined as "Construction, not elsewhere classified.” 9 1 Does not include railroads and other interstate transportation. 3 1 Less than 0.05 percent. 4 T a b l e B .— Changes in exposure , disabling injuries, and injury rates fo r 8 9 ,8 4 5 identical establishments, 1 9 4 7 -4 8 Industry Number of estab lishments reporting Percent of change in— Employees Employeehours worked Disabling injuries Total time Frequency lost4 rate Severity rate 1 Manufacturing Total, manufacturing........................ ....................................... - ............. 26,527 Apparel and other finished textile products........................................... Clothing, men’s and boys’ ................ ............................... ........... . Clothing, women’s and children’s.............. ......................... ........... Millinery------------------------------------- --------- ................................... Apparel and accessories, not elsewhere classified-.................... ...... Trimmings and fabricated textile products, not elsewhere classi fied______________________________________________________ 1,469 539 574 57 57 242 -4 Chemicals and allied products4...... .......................................... - ........... Compressed and liquefied gases........................................... ......... Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides.......... ..................... - ................... Explosives--------- -------------------------------- ---------------- .............. . Fertilizers_________________ _______ - ................ ......................... Industrial chemicals-------------------------------------------- ----------------Paints, varnishes, and color........ ...... ..................- ------ --------------Plastic materials, except rubber--------------------- -----------------------Soap and glycerin................. ............ - .............................................. Synthetic rubber...................... - .......................... - .............- ......... Synthetic textile fibers................. .................................................... Vegetable and animal oils.-------------- --------------------------- --------Chemicals and allied products, not elsewhere classified............... 1,813 55 256 49 389 340 356 35 106 5 24 34 148 -1 -1 1 -1 -6 -2 (3 ) +2 +1 (3 ) -1 6 +1 +3 (3 ) Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies.............................. ...... Automotive electrical equipment....................... ............ ................ Batteries........... ..................... .......................... ................................ Communication and signaling equipment, except radio-------------Electrical appliances.............. ...... ........................... ....................... Electrical equipment for industrial use................- ........- ................ Electrical lamps (bulbs).................- ........................ - ................... . Insulated wire and cable..............................................- ........... ........ Radios and phonographs........................... ....................................... Electrical equipment, not elsewhere classified................................. 808 25 41 31 57 423 25 33 154 19 -3 -1 2 +3 +2 -11 -2 -1 0 -8 -6 -6 See footnotes at end of table. -1 -1 -1 2 -2 +2 +10 -1 -2 -4 +3 -5 +3 -2 +1 +29 -1 2 +22 -1 +137 -3 9 -8 7 (3 ) (3 ) -6 (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) -11 -5 -6 +2 +2 —1 -1 7 +3 -1 -3 -1 5 +7 -3 -9 (3 ) -1 1 -8 -5 -5 (3 ) 2 -1 1 (3) +6 -4 +38 -1 4 3-2 2 +37 (3 ) +100 -3 6 -8 8 -1 1 +34 -5 +43 -1 4 -1 4 -1 3 -1 3 -1 8 -1 3 -1 2 -6 -2 4 -2 3 -1 -1 4 -2 7 +3 -7 4 +22 +16 +4 +22 -2 4 +60 -4 3 -8 7 -2 -2 1 -8 3-14 -3 -1 2 -8 -1 3 -1 5 -1 5 -6 -2 2 -1 1 -3 -1 4 -2 6 2+12 -6 9 +18 +42 +11 +23 -2 7 +55 -4 0 -8 4 -1 4 -2 1 -1 -1 5 -1 9 -5 -1 -1 8 -1 9 -8 -6 -1 7 -1 8 -2 4 +165 -4 2 -2 4 +9 -2 9 -9 6 +91 -9 (8 ) 3—13 -5 -1 1 +2 -9 -1 9 +3 +1 -1 3 -1 3 3-26 +224 -4 7 -4 0 +20 -2 9 -9 5 +109 -9 (8 ) 13 T a b l e B . — Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury rates for 89,845 identical establishments, 1947— — Continued 48 Industry Number of estab lishments reporting Percent of change in— Employees Employeehours worked Disabling injuries -2 +4 +18 -5 -1 +8 -1 1 -2 -5 -1 1 +1 -1 3 -3 +1 -1 0 -2 2 +9 -7 -2 7 -2 0 -1 9 -1 6 +3 -5 -4 +15 +16 -4 4 -3 7 -4 2 -7 3 -1 6 -8 -4 +128 a -ll -7 -41 -5 -2 2 +1 -6 -1 9 -1 9 -1 5 -6 +1 2-5 -6 -2 +23 -4 3 -4 3 -4 3 -6 8 -1 4 -6 +9 +122 Total time Frequency lost1 rate Severity rate1 Manufacturing—Continued Food products__________________________________________________ Baking_______________________________ ____ ______ __________ Beverages, not elsewhere classified____________________________ Breweries________________________________ ____ _____________ Canning and preserving_____________________________________ Confectionery__________________ ____________ ____ _________ Dairy products_____________________________________________ Distilleries__________________________________________________ Flour, feed, and grain-mill products__________ _____ . . . _______ Slaughtering and meat packing_______________________________ Sugar refining_____ ___________________________ ______ _____ Food products, not elsewhere classified__________ ____________ 3,426 568 250 259 335 214 269 100 484 652 86 209 -1 +2 +20 -2 -3 +7 (8 ) -11 -3 -1 -9 +3 Furniture and finished lumber products___________________ ______ Furniture, metal_________________ _________________________ Furniture, except metal______________________________________ Mattresses and bedsprings______________ __________________ Morticians' supplies_________________________________________ Office, store, and restaurant fixtures_________________ ______ ._. Wooden containers__________________________________________ Furniture and finished lumber products, not elsewhere classified. 1,841 72 716 192 92 98 360 311 -3 +3 -3 +6 -4 -1 0 -7 -3 -3 +5 -3 +3 -3 -8 -7 -4 -1 2 +3 -1 7 -2 -1 9 -1 9 -9 -1 2 -7 -1 7 -9 +164 -4 9 -3 -2 -1 4 2-10 -2 -1 4 -5 -1 7 -1 2 -2 -9 2-5 -2 1 -7 +140 -4 7 +5 +4 -1 1 Iron and steel and their products_____ ____ ______________ _____ . . . Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets_______________________________ Cold-finished steel________ ________________________________ Cutlery and edge tools____________________________________ Fabricated structural steel___________________________________ Forgings, iron and steel______________________________________ Foundries, iron________ ____________________________________ Foundries, steel_________ _______ ____________________________ Hardware____________ ____ _________ _____ ____________ _____ Heating equipment, not elsewhere classified____________ ____ _ Iron and steel____________ _________ ________ ____ ___________ Metal coating and engraving_________________________________ Ornamental metal work______________________________________ Plate fabrication and boiler-shop products.______ _____________ Plumbers' supplies._______ _________________________ ______ Screw-machine products . „ ______________ _____ _____ ____ _ Sheet-metal work_________________________ _____ ____________ Stamped and pressed metal products__________________________ Steam fittings and apparatus_________________________________ Steel barrels, kegs, drums, and packages._____ ________________ Steel springs ______________________________ ______________ Tin cans and other tinware___________________________________ Tools, except edge tools _____________________________________ Vitreous-enameled products__________________________________ Wire and wire products... _______ _____ _____ ______ ______ _ Wrought pipes, welded and heavy-riveted_____ ______ ________ Iron and steel products, not elsewhere classified________________ 3,711 67 38 105 316 137 653 106 152 217 177 96 87 168 89 143 89 324 151 22 23 73 143 19 175 14 127 +1 +1 +1 -2 -7 +4 +7 -4 +7 +3 -5 +4 -9 +14 -1 -9 -5 +2 -3 -4 -7 +6 -2 -11 -1 +11 -4 -1 1 -1 4 -1 8 -23 -7 -1 2 -1 4 -3 -11 -2 0 -7 -2 4 -8 -1 0 -1 9 -2 0 +4 -7 -1 4 -2 7 -1 5 -5 -2 3 +2 -8 +7 -1 5 +4 +55 +78 -7 +43 +41 -2 7 (3 ) -1 3 -1 0 +7 +12 +35 -1 9 +103 -4 9 +120 -9 +32 (5 ) -2 0 +18 -2 3 +44 -1 3 -5 4 +3 2-11 -1 5 -1 6 -1 6 -1 0 -1 8 -1 0 -1 0 -1 4 -1 6 -1 0 -1 7 -1 9 -1 0 -1 9 -1 2 +10 -9 -1 2 -2 4 -9 -1 0 -2 2 +14 -6 -3 -1 2 2+2 +52 +82 -3 +33 +20 -25 -6 -1 7 -6 +4 +15 +6 -1 3 +107 -4 4 +129 -1 6 +33 Leather and leather products____________________________________ Boots and shoes, not rubber__________________________________ Leather____________________________________________________ Leather products, not elsewhere classified_____ _ ______ _____ 624 375 149 100 -3 -3 -3 -5 -7 -7 -6 -7 -1 6 -21 -8 -2 7 -1 -3 8 +36 -6 4 2-13 -1 5 -3 -21 2-20 -3 5 +43 -6 1 Lumber and timber basic products__________ _________ ______ _ Logging--------- ------------------------------------------------------------------Millwork (structural)_____________________ _______ ________ _ Planing mills_______________________________________________ Plywood mills --------- ------------------------------------------------------Sawmills------------------------------- --------------------------------------------Saw and planing mills, integrated__________________ ______ _ Veneer mills_________________________________________ ______ _ 1,256 186 329 164 58 373 96 50 +1 -1 5 +8 +6 +6 -1 +7 -6 +3 -1 2 +13 +5 +5 (3 ) +5 -6 -9 -21 -8 +5 -4 -7 -3 -4 -2 -7 -7 -3 7 +41 -1 2 +77 +37 2-10 -1 0 -1 8 (3 ) -9 -7 -8 +3 2+ l +5 -1 7 -3 8 +26 -1 2 +74 +54 Machinery, except electric * ------------------------------------- ---------------Agricultural machinery and tractors------- -----------------------------Bearings, ball and roller________________________ ______ _______ Commercial and household machinery________________________ Construction and mining machinery____ ________________ _____ Elevators, escalators, and conveyors___________________ _______ Engines and turbines. ______________________________________ Food-products machinery____________________________________ General industrial machinery and equipment, not elsewhere clas sified------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------General machine shops (jobbing and repair)_______ ____ _______ Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments_____________ Mechanical power-transmission equipment, except ball and roller bearings_____________________________ _____ ______ _________ Metalworking machinery------------------------------------------------------Pumps and compressors________ ___________________ __________ Special-industry machinery, not elsewhere classified___________ Textile machinery___________________________________________ 2,862 200 45 194 237 43 56 121 -1 +4 -4 +4 +1 -3 +2 -6 -1 +3 -3 +3 +2 -4 +2 -7 -13 -5 -9 -1 2 -1 2 -4 -2 0 -2 6 -2 +21 -3 -41 -4 +244 -4 2 -5 4 2-11 -8 -6 -1 5 -1 4 (3 ) -21 -2 0 2+4 +14 -2 -4 4 -4 +259 -4 5 -4 5 382 247 75 -4 -3 -1 0 -4 -2 -8 -1 8 -3 -1 0 +30 +12 +20 -1 5 -1 -2 +38 +8 +33 65 674 88 322 108 -4 -6 -8 -2 +5 -6 -7 -8 -5 +6 -1 9 -13 -1 7 -1 5 -1 5 +39 -9 +49 +22 +76 -1 4 -7 -1 0 -11 -2 0 +58 -1 +74 +24 +56 See footnotes at end of table. (3 ) (3 ) -1 -6 +2 +7 -2 +6 +1 -4 +3 -11 +14 -2 (3 ) -9 -6 +2 -5 -4 -4 +8 -3 -11 -1 +6 -3 (3 ) (5 ) -9 +11 -1 9 +62 -1 4 -60 +6 14 T a b l e B .— Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury rates for 8 9 ,8 4 5 identical establishments, 1 9 4 7 -4 8 — Continued Percent of change in— Number of estab lishments reporting Employees Nonferrous metals and their products______ _____ ______________ . . . Aluminum and magnesium products_____________ _____ _______ Foundries, nonferrous_______________________________________ Nonferrous basic shapes and forms____________________________ Watches, clocks, jewelry, and silverware______________ ____ ___ Nonferrous metal products, not elsewhere classified........ ......... 647 37 306 36 115 153 -7 -5 -7 -7 -1 —12 Paper and allied products__________________________________ ____ Envelopes _____________________________________________ ___ Paper boxes and containers__________________ ___ _____ _______ Paper and pulp_____________________________________________ Paper products, not elsewhere classified_______________________ 863 76 490 115 182 Printing and publishing________________________ ________________ _ Book and job printing______ _________________________ ______ _ Bookbinding______ ______ _____ _ __ __________ ___________ News and periodical____________ _______ ____ ________________ 2,269 1,458 52 759 Rubber products__________________ _____________________________ Rubber boots and shoes______________________________________ Rubber tires and tubes............................... ......... ...... ......... .......... Rubber products, not elsewhere classified......... .............. . ......... . . 235 29 33 173 Stone, clay, and glass products_______________________ ___________ Clay products (structural).____ ______________________________ Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products_______ _______________ Cut stone and cut-stone products--------------- ---------- ----------------Glass_______________________________________________________ Pottery and related products_________________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products, not elsewhere classified............. 983 304 197 62 197 119 104 Textiles and textile-mill products_________ ___ ____ __________ ____ Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings________ _______________ Cordage and twine__________________ _______________________ Cotton yarn and textiles._______ _____________________________ Dyeing and finishing textiles________________________ _________ Hats, except cloth and millinery______________________________ Knit goods.__________ _____ ________________________________ Rayon, other synthetic and silk textiles____ ______________ ____ Woolen and worsted textiles___ _________________ ______ ______ Miscellaneous textile goods, not elsewhere classified................... 2,139 74 53 526 297 18 604 180 334 53 Transportation equipment......... ......................... —......................... . Aircraft.................................. ................................. ....................... Aircraft parts____ _______________________________ ___________ Boatbuilding and repairing_______ ______ ______ _____ _________ Motor vehicles________ ____ _______________________________ Motor-vehicle parts____ _____________________________ _____ Railroad equipment____________ ______ _______ ____ _________ Shipbuilding and repairing________________ _______________ _ Transportation equipment, not elsewhere classified_____________ Miscellaneous manufacturing........ ........... .............. ............... .............. Brooms and brushes_______________ ______ ___________________ Fabricated plastics products............................................................ Optical and ophthalmic goods............ ........................ ..................... Photographic apparatus and materials............. .......... ........... . . . Professional and scientific instruments and supplies____ ________ Tobacco products________________________________________ _ Miscellaneous manufacturing, not elsewhere classified................... Industry Employeehours worked Disabling injuries Total time Frequency rate lost1 Severity rate 1 Manufacturing—C ontinue d -7 -7 -8 -5 -1 -11 -1 5 -1 7 -1 7 -2 0 -1 3 -9 +14 +80 —?9 +14 +88 +13 2-8 -1 2 -1 0 -1 5 -11 +2 2+27 +93 -2 1 +20 +89 +26 -3 +3 -1 5 -1 0 -9 -1 7 -21 -8 +108 -1 2 +5 -4 7 * -1 7 -1 0 -6 -1 9 -2 1 2-7 +107 —9 +2 -4 7 -8 +4 +1 -2 -9 +4 -5 -1 2 +25 +2 -1 5 -2 5 +387 -11 2-4 -1 0 +37 -2 2-7 -2 4 +439 -1 7 -5 -1 -1 0 -1 -9 -2 -1 5 -4 -2 2 -3 3 -3 4 -11 -2 0 +141 -5 6 -21 * -1 4 -3 2 -2 2 -7 2 -1 9 +157 -4 5 -1 4 -1 +6 +2 +8 -6 +1 +2 -11 -1 0 -2 4 +11 -1 0 -1 5 -1 0 +9 +8 +62 -5 5 +22 +18 -2 4 a -1 2 -1 5 -2 6 +3 -4 -1 5 -11 2-2 +2 +55 -5 8 +28 +17 -2 7 +1 +2 (3 ) +10 -4 +2 +1 (3 ) -7 +1 +1 +3 -1 2 +8 -2 3 -11 -1 5 -1 7 -6 -1 3 -1 8 -9 -4 +44 -1 8 -1 3 -1 3 -2 1 -2 3 -3 8 -5 -8 > -13 -2 -2 0 -1 3 -1 5 -1 7 +1 -1 3 -1 8 -1 2 2 -1 3 +31 -1 5 -1 7 -1 5 -2 1 —16 -3 6 -7 -1 1 647 21 51 58 167 148 80 108 14 +1 -1 +9 -2 3 +3 -2 +2 -2 +3 +1 +2 +11 -2 6 +2 -3 +2 -1 +8 -1 1 +2 -2 -2 2 -1 5 -1 9 +1 -9 -3 -4 +38 +37 2 -1 1 +31 +32 -2 -1 0 +14 -2 4 -3 2 2 -1 3 (3 ) -1 2 +5 -1 8 -1 7 -1 -8 -1 1 934 68 111 38 36 99 163 419 -3 -2 -3 -5 -5 -1 -4 -1 3 -1 5 -2 5 -2 6 -2 -1 4 +4 -1 6 -2 -2 5 -3 7 -3 7 -6 6 +24 +57 +5 2 -1 2 -11 -2 5 -1 9 -2 -1 0 +5 -1 2 2-7 -2 2 -3 8 -3 3 -5 8 +35 +58 +12 +6 +6 +12 +6 -2 -2 +31 +43 -1 3 -5 +18 +38 -1 -1 4 -2 5 -7 -11 -11 -1 1 -4 -3 -1 3 -2 -2 -4 +12 -4 -5 -1 2 -1 3 -4 -9 -7 -2 0 +4 +11 -5 -4 -2 0 +39 -9 -5 7 +69 -8 2 0 +3 -3 +4 +2 (3 ) (3 ) 0 +2 0 0 0 0 +3 +19 -5 +4 +4 +2 +12 -2 +1 +2 +4 +2 (3 ) (3 ) -5 -5 -2 -4 0 -8 (3 ) 0 0 -5 -8 +13 -3 1 -3 8 N onmanufacturing Communication: 8 Telephone (wire and radio)_______ ____ ______________________ Radio broadcasting and television.________ ____ _______ ____ 108 409 Transportation 48_______ _____________ ____ _______________ _____ Stevedoring_______________________ ______ ___________________ Streetcar_________________________________ ______ ___ ________ Bus (local)_____________________________________________ ____ Streetcar and bus (joint operations)__________________________ Trucking and hauling (local)_________________________________ Warehousing and storage__________________ ________________ _ Transportation, not elsewhere classified______ _____ ___________ 963 58 14 229 44 351 218 48 +5 -8 -1 7 -2 2 +36 -1 3 -5 2 +61 -8 2 Heat, light, and power46__________________ ____________________ Electric light and power_____ _______________________________ Gas____________________________________ ____ _____ _________ 578 359 205 +5 +6 +5 +6 +7 +5 +2 +1 +4 -2 -4 +6 —4 -5 -1 -8 -1 0 +1 133 +11 +5 +24 +68 +18 +59 2,420 509 489 416 -4 -4 -1 -3 -3 -5 -2 -5 +1 +21 +1 +2 -3 6 +15 -2 7 -4 2 +4 +26 +4 +7 -3 5 +19 -2 5 -3 9 Waterworks 8____ ______________________________________________ Personal services___ _____ ____________________________ __________ Dry cleaning................. ...... .............................................................. Laundries____________ ___ ____ _____ _______ _____ _________ Laundry with dry cleaning_____________________________ ____ _ See footnotes at end of table. 0 -3 -1 -3 +14 -8 (3 ) 15 T a b l e B .— Changes in exposure, disabling injuries , and in ju ry rates fo r 3 9 ,8 4 5 indentical establishments , 1 9 4 7 -4 8 — Continued Percent of change in— Number of estab lishments reporting Employees Employeehours worked Disabling injuries Personal services—Continued Amusements and related services.................. - - .------ ----------------Hotels----- --------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------Eating and drinking places_________ ____ ____________________ Medical and other professional services______ ______________ Miscellaneous personal services............. ................................. ........ 116 305 378 127 80 -3 9 -3 +5 +10 -5 -4 0 +1 +6 +13 -5 -2 8 -9 +62 +13 -1 9 -9 3 -3 +210 -9 4 -1 5 +19 -1 0 +54 -2 -1 4 Business services________________________________________________ Banks and other financial agencies........................ .......................... Insurance___________________________________ ____ __________ Real estate_____________________ ____________________________ Miscellaneous business services_______ ____ ____ ____ _____ ____ Automobile repair shops and garages__________________________ Miscellaneous repair services......... .......................... ........................ 2,061 726 403 185 247 272 228 +3 +2 +3 -6 +4 -3 -1 +2 +1 +3 -9 +9 -1 -1 —4 -1 7 +2 +36 -1 2 -1 8 +15 +1 -6 9 -3 2 +467 +50 -2 +197 -5 -1 8 (3)+49 « -2 0 -1 7 +16 -6 7 -3 7 +542 +37 (3 ) +200 Educational services________________ ____________________________ 179 +2 +9 +15 -4 3 +6 -4 8 +3 -4 +24 -3 6 +29 -3 3 +8 -1 3 +4 -1 6 -1 0 -1 4 -7 -1 6 -2 -9 -1 7 -1 0 -1 2 -5 +1 -6 -3 8 -3 5 -6 +11 -1 9 -9 4 -7 5 +13 +4 +238 2-9 -1 3 -5 -1 7 -5 -1 5 -2 0 -1 2 -1 5 -8 +5 2+11 -3 7 -3 7 —5 +8 +12 -9 4 -7 8 +10 Industry Total time Frequency rate lost1 Severity rate 1 Non manufacturing—Continued 206 Fire departments..................................... ......... ........... .............. ........... Police departments________ __________________________ ___ _______ 141 +4 Trade .........__.............................................. ................................ ...... Wholesale distributors____________ ________ _______ __________ Retail, general merchandise.............. ..................... ............ ............. Retail food....... ......................... ............ ...... ................ ........... ........ Wholesale and retail dairy products...................... ......................... Retail automobiles and accessories........ ............... ............... ......... Filling stations_____________ _____ ____________ ______________ Retail apparel and accessories________________________________ Miscellaneous retail stores_______________________ _____ ______ Wholesale and retail building supplies________________ ____ ___ Wholesale and retail trade, not elsewhere classified.............. ......... 6,120 1,912 365 504 301 585 144 491 1,069 453 296 -1 -2 -7 +4 +4 +6 -2 +2 +2 +4 -2 +4 (3 ) (3 ) -1 -2 +1 +3 +6 +3 +3 +4 -3 -8 9 —4 +200 -9 4 -8 (3 ) (3 ) +249 3 Change was less than 0.5 percent. * Totals include figures for industries not shown separately, because of insufficient coverage. 5 Not available. » Primarily reported by company instead of establishments. i Based on reports which furnished details regarding the resulting disabili ties, constituting approximately 60 percent of the total sample. The stand ard time-loss ratings for fatalities and permanent disabilities are given in Method of Compiling Industrial Injury Rates, approved by the American Standards Association, 1945. a Weighted according to estimates of total current employment in each industry. T a b l e C . — Distribution o f all reported injuries resulting in permanent-partial disability, according to part o f body affected, by industry , 1948 Percent of permanent-partial disability cases involving the loss, or loss of use of— Industry Total A hand or fingers An arm A foot or toes A leg One or both ears (hearing) An eye Other and unclassified Manufacturing Total, manufacturing 1 _______________________________ 100 4 77 3 8 4 100 100 100 5 0 8 66 62 57 4 7 5 12 11 15 8 16 5 0 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies 1 ----------- 100 2 84 1 8 2 Food products 1.............. ...... ...................... ....................... Baking------------------ --------- -------------------------- -------Breweries----------------------------------------------------------Canning and preserving------------- ------ ------------------Flour, feed, and grain-mill products----------------------Slaughtering and meatpacking............... ..................... Sugar refining................... .................................. ......... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 8 3 11 7 4 4 10 66 75 55 76 70 90 56 5 5 8 6 2 2 0 15 11 19 4 20 2 27 4 3 6 2 4 2 5 Furniture and finished lumber products *.................... . Furniture, metal_________________________________ Furniture, except metal__________________________ Wooden containers------------- ------------ -------------------Miscellaneous wood products, not elsewhere classified- 100 100 100 100 100 2 0 2 0 2 88 96 89 83 87 2 0 1 5 2 2 0 1 6 2 4 2 4 4 5 4 (2 ) Chemicals and allied products 1 ----- --------------------------Fertilizers_________________________ __________ Industrial chemicals. __-------------- -------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. (2 ) 5 4 10 0 (?) 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 3 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 2 2 0 16 T a b l e C .— Distribution o f all reported injuries resulting in permanent-partial disability, according to part of body affected, by industry , 1 948 — Continued Percent of permanent-partial disability cases involving tbe loss, or loss of use of— Industry Total An arm A hand or fingers A foot or toes A leg One or both ears (hearing) An eye Other and unclassified Manufacturing— Continued Iron and steel and their products 1 ____________________ Fabricated structural steel_____ ________________ Forgings, iron and steel___________________________ Foundries, iron__________ _______ ______________ _ Hardware. . . ________ _______ _______________ Heating equipment, not elsewhere classified________ Iron and steel_________________________ Stamped and pressed metal products.. ________ Steam fittings and apparatus_____________________ Iron and steel products, not elsewhere classified____ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 3 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 9 4 79 83 80 64 86 89 77 91 55 69 3 3 1 2 1 1 4 1 11 4 8 1 10 12 1 7 11 3 19 15 5 7 7 16 5 2 3 1 6 2 Leather and leather products 1 ________________________ Leather._____ __________________________________ 100 100 6 12 79 75 1 2 8 7 3 2 Lumber and timber basic products L. ________ _____ _ Logging-------------------------------------------------------------Planing mills.____________________________________ Sawmills___ __________________________________ Saw and planing mills, integrated. . . .. 100 100 100 100 100 3 5 2 2 7 62 37 82 65 47 8 11 4 10 4 9 15 4 7 12 7 10 8 9 4 Machinery, except electric 1 _ _____________________ _ Agricultural machinery and tractors. _____________ Commercial and household machinery __________ Construction and mining machinery______________ General industrial machinery and equipment, not elsewhere classified________ ____ _______ _____ ___ Metalworking machinery.__ . . . ______ __________ Special-industry machinery, not elsewhere classified. 100 100 100 100 2 1 0 5 78 80 86 68 2 1 0 2 11 13 4 17 100 100 100 2 4 3 71 82 75 6 1 1 Nonferrous metals and their products 1___ ________ ____ 100 2 79 Paper and allied products 1___________________________ Paper boxes and containers__________ ______ ____ Paper and pulp_____ ______ ____ _________________ 100 100 100 8 8 8 74 75 70 ____________________________ Printing and publishing 1 Book and job printing_______ *________ ______ ____ News and periodical_____________________________ 100 100 100 3 2 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 1 4 5 0 1 3 0 6 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 11 21 0 7 26 4 4 6 8 0 0 0 0 3 1 4 0 17 7 14 2 4 1 0 0 0 2 2 6 0 3 5 0 11 3 6 3 6 6 7 4 3 5 0 5 2 7 80 79 84 1 1 0 13 16 11 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 (2 ) (2 ) <) 2 (2 ) Rubber products 1 ________ 100 2 83 3 6 2 0 4 Stone, clay, and glass products *______________________ Clay products (structural)________________________ Glass_______________________ ____ 100 100 100 6 5 11 66 68 60 7 10 5 7 8 9 6 1 11 0 0 0 8 8 4 Textile and textile-mill products 1__________ _ . . . . Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings________ ... Cotton yarn and textiles_________________________ Dyeing and finishing textiles__ ______ ____________ Woolen and worsted textiles___________ . . . ____ 100 100 100 100 100 6 S 3 5 12 72 60 81 66 81 3 3 3 3 5 13 25 5 22 0 3 1 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 2 1 2 Transportation equipment1__________________________ Aircraft parts____________________ _____ ________ . ... . Motor vehicles _______ . . . Motor-vehicle parts____ _ . Railroad equipment_______ _______ . . . ... Shipbuilding and repairing_______________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 5 1 2 3 4 81 73 83 85 71 70 1 0 1 3 7 5 15 4 2 15 7 4 7 4 4 4 1 0 0 0 1 1 7 0 7 7 3 10 Miscellaneous manufacturing 1 ____ _________ ________ . Tobacco products... . . . _________ _____________ Miscellaneous manufacturing, not elsewhere classi fied___________________________________________ 100 100 2 0 89 88 2 4 2 6 3 2 0 0 2 0 100 2 93 1 0 2 0 2 Nonmanufacturing Transportation *_____ ____ ____________________ ____ Stevedoring ___________________________________ Streetcar and bus___ _________________ _____ _____ 100 100 100 6 4 11 46 46 45 8 9 8 31 37 22 3 1 7 0 0 0 6 3 7 Heat, light, and powerl. ___________________________ Electric light and power_______ ________________ Gas________________ ________ ____________________ 100 100 100 7 8 4 55 54 55 7 8 8 14 12 20 7 6 8 0 0 0 10 12 5 Personal services 1 ___________________________________ 100 4 85 0 7 1 0 3 Trade1_______________________ ______________________ Wholesale distributors________ _____ ________ ____ _ Wholesale and retail dairy products. ___________ Wholesale and retail building supplies_____ ______ 100 100 100 100 5 2 IS 3 71 75 58 86 6 5 13 3 9 9 8 7 8 7 3 1 0 0 0 9 1 2 0 0 1 Totals include data for industries not shown separately. (2 ) 2 Less than 0.5 percent. (2 ) 17 T a b l e D .— Distribution o f temporary-total disabilities, by duration o f disability, 1 948 : Percent of cases resulting in — Industry Manufacturing Number of cases 2 1, 2, or 3 days of disability 4 or more days of disability Percent of total days lost accruing from— Total days lost2 1-, 2-, or 3day cases 4-or-more day cases 114, 534 34.7 65.3 1,677,546 4.7 95.3 Apparel and other finished textile products: Clothing, men’s and boys’ _____________________ _____ ________ Clothing, women’s and children’s_____________________________ Trimmings and fabricated textile products, not elsewhere classified. 747 376 410 46.1 42.3 32.4 53.9 57.7 67.6 7,350 4,405 6,210 8.6 6.3 4.6 91.4 93.7 95.4 Chemicals and allied products: Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides_____________________________ Fertilizers___________________________________________________ Industrial chemicals_______________________ ____ _____________ Paints, varnishes, and colors__________________________________ Synthetic textile fibers__________________________________ ____ Chemical products, not elsewhere classified______________ _____ 537 1,193 1,185 904 278 272 32.2 28.8 30.5 39.6 43.9 41.5 67.8 71.2 69.5 60.4 56.1 58.5 7,492 21,717 18, 967 10,182 3,943 3,665 3.9 3.5 3.9 5.9 4.4 6.1 96.1 96.5 96.1 94.1 95.6 93.9 Electric machinery, equipment, and supplies: Batteries____________________________________________________ Communication and signaling equipment, except radio........ ....... Electrical appliances_________________________________________ Electrical equipment for industrial use------------------------------------Insulated wire and cable_____________________________________ Radios and phonographs-------------- ------ ----------------------------------- 416 204 316 2,027 232 420 39.2 27.0 33.5 36.4 34.9 44.8 60.8 73.0 66.5 63.6 65.1 55.2 5,120 2,464 4,544 29, 736 3,602 5,215 6.0 4.8 4.3 4.4 3.9 7.7 94.0 95.2 95.7 95.6 96.1 92.3 Food products: Baking_________________ ____ _____________________ Beverages, not elsewhere classified--------------- -----------Breweries_________________________________________ Canning and preserving____________________________ Confectionery_____________________________________ Dairy products____________________________________ Flour, feed, and grain-mill products_________ ____ — Slaughtering and meat packing_________________ ____ Sugar refining_____________________________________ Food products, not elsewhere classified— ............ ....... 1,582 550 3,231 1,871 1,182 485 1,674 3, 019 1,391 700 33.3 40.5 37.7 32.8 35.7 36.9 37.0 46.6 32.1 34.0 66.7 59.5 62.7 67.2 64.3 63.1 63.0 53.4 67.9 66.0 21,936 7,787 44,766 26,837 13,198 6,064 23,177 29,447 23,089 9,284 6.0 5.5 6.2 4.7 6.0 5.8 5.3 9.7 3.6 4.7 94.0 94.5 93.8 95.3 94.0 94.2 94.7 90.3 96.4 95.3 Furniture and finished lumber products: Furniture, metal__________________________________ Furniture, except metal____________________ ________ Mattresses and bedsprings__________________________ Morticians’ supplies__________________________ _____ Office, store, and restaurant fixtures_________________ Wooden containers________________________________ Miscellaneous wood products, not elsewhere classified- 940 3,243 426 260 322 1, 753 1,187 38.2 35.0 39.0 35.4 33.9 29.1 35.0 61.8 65.0 61.0 64.6 66.1 70.9 65.0 11,851 41,287 5,507 3,475 4,297 23,135 16,218 6.1 5.4 6.2 5.0 5.0 4.6 5.2 93.9 94.6 93.8 95.0 95.0 95.4 94.8 iron and steel and their products: Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets_____________________ Cutlery and edge tools_____________________________ Fabricated structural steel.____ ____________________ Forgings, iron and steel_____________ _____ _________ Foundries, iron____________________________________ Foundries, steel____ ____ __________________________ Hardware_________________________________________ Heating equipment, not elsewhere classified--------------Iron and steel_____________________________________ Metal coating and engraving________________________ Ornamental metal work____________________________ Plate fabrication and boiler-shop products----------------Plumbers’ supplies________________________________ Screw-machine products____________ _____ _________ Sheet-metal work__________________________________ Stamped and pressed metal products----- -----------------Steam fittings and apparatus___ ___________________ Steel springs______________________________________ Tin cans and other tinware__________________ ______ _ Tools, except edge tools ................................................. . Vitreous-enameled products----- ------------------------------Wire and wire products____________________________ Iron and steel products, not elsewhere classified---------- 255 528 1,385 1.343 5,205 476 557 1, 776 3,400 369 357 728 555 222 285 1,025 752 235 369 417 225 751 748 38.8 37.3 41.4 35.1 35.8 27.9 38.2 34.5 18.9 42.8 40.9 37.1 26.5 44.6 47.0 35.5 37.5 27.2 36.0 30.5 29.8 34.2 32.0 61.2 62.7 58.6 64.9 64.2 72.1 61.8 65.5 81.1 57.2 59.1 62.9 73.5 55.4 53.0 64.5 62.5 72.8 64.0 69.5 70.2 65.8 68.0 4,972 6,182 18,887 28,240 76, 714 7, 767 6, 524 25,605 92,235 4,905 4, 525 8,228 8,329 2,534 3,479 14,637 9, 540 5,375 4,805 5, 551 2, 783 13,077 11,610 3.6 6.8 5.5 3.3 4.8 3.2 5.6 4.8 1.4 6.3 6.2 7.0 3.2 7.5 6.7 4.9 6.5 2.3 4.7 4.4 4.5 3.8 3.9 96.4 93.2 94.5 96.7 95.2 96.8 94.4 95.2 98.6 93.7 93.8 93.0 96.8 92.5 93.3 95.1 93.5 97.7 95.3 95.6 95.5 96.2 96.1 Leather and leather products: Boots and shoes, not rubber------------------------------------Leather__________________________________ ____ ____ 668 1,197 34.1 30.9 65.9 69.1 9,006 17,006 5.1 4.4 94.9 95.6 Lumber and timber, basic products: Logging------------------------------------Millwork (structural)-----------------Planing mills___________ ____ — Plywood mills__________________ Sawmills______ ____ ____________ Saw and planing mills, integrated.. Veneer mills____________ ____ — 2,729 660 813 329 2,780 1,423 338 21.9 33.5 38.5 25.2 29.3 32.0 29.9 78.1 66.5 61.5 74.8 70.7 68.0 70.1 46,900 9,201 11,021 5,644 42, 726 23,857 6,694 3.0 5.0 5.4 3.4 3.9 4.0 3.0 97.0 95.0 94.6 96.6 96.1 96.0 97.0 1,799 698 40.1 27.2 59.9 72.8 21, 735 8,324 6.3 4.4 93.7 95.6 Total, manufacturing3 achinery, except electric: Agricultural machinery and tractors. . Bearings, ball and roller______ _____ See footnotes at end of table. 18 T a b l e D .— Distribution o f temporary-total disabilities} by duration o f disability , 1 9 4 8 1 Continued — Percent of total days lost accruing from— Percent of cases resulting in— Industry Number of cases2 1, 2, or 3 days of disability 4 or more days of disability Total days lost2 1-, 2-, or 3day cases 4-or-more day cases Manufacturing—Continued Machinery, except electric—Continued Commercial and household machinery___ ______ _______________ Construction and mining machinery. -----------------------------------Elevators, escalators, and conveyors. _______ ____ ____________ Engines and turbines................. ..................... .................................. Food-products machinery___________________ _________________ General industrial machinery and equipment, not elsewhere classified..__________ ______________________________________ General machine shops (jobbing and repair)----- -----------------------Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments.......... ............ Mechanical power-transmission equipment, except ball and roller bearings ......... .................... .............. ............................................ Metalworking machinery................. ............................... .................. Pumps and compressors____ ___ ______ ______ _____ . . _____ . . . Special-industry machinery, not elsewhere classified_______ _____ Textile machinery------------- ------ --------------------------------------------- 1,042 2,233 300 325 391 34.1 36.8 49.0 34.8 38.9 65.9 63.2 51.0 65.2 61.1 14,645 29,050 3,355 3, 584 4,912 4.8 5.3 7.5 5.7 5.4 95.2 94.7 92.5 94.3 94.6 1,903 398 238 39.6 37.4 25.6 60.4 62.6 74.4 23,676 5,014 3, 803 6.1 5.8 2.9 93.9 94.2 97.1 250 1,406 286 1,341 1,345 35.2 44.1 37.4 37.7 27.8 64.8 55.9 62.6 62.3 72.2 5,881 16,473 3,855 17,083 10,945 3.3 7.1 6.1 5.5 6.6 96.7 92.9 93.9 94.5 93.4 Nonferrous metals and their products: Foundries, nonferrous______________ _____ _________ . . . --------Watches, clocks, jewelry, and silverware_______ _______ _______ Nonferrous metal products, not elsewhere classified_____________ 503 223 551 42.1 36.3 34.5 57.9 63.7 65.5 5,155 2,987 10, 627 8.1 5.4 4.1 91.9 94.6 95.9 Paper and allied products: Paper boxes and containers____________ ____ - ......... —......... ........ Paper products, not elsewhere classified------------------------------------ 849 855 39.2 31.8 60.8 68.2 10,213 11, 739 6.6 4.7 93.4 95.3 Printing and publishing: Book and job printing...... .............................. .................................. News and periodical-------------- . . . ------------ ------------------------ - 1,379 1,737 36.5 38.4 63.5 61.6 18, 517 21,870 5.3 6.0 94.7 94.0 Rubber products 3.............. ...................... - ............................................. 1,183 32.8 67.2 19,947 3.8 96.2 Stone, clay, and glass products: Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.............. ........................ — Cut stone and cut-stone products---------- ---------------------------------Glass------ ------------------------------------- ------ --------------------------------Pottery and related products-------- ---------------- --------- --------------Stone, clay, and glass products, not elsewhere classified________ 494 213 1,822 733 780 39.3 35.2 29.0 37.1 45.5 60.7 64.8 71.0 62.9 54.5 6,373 2,080 28,129 10, 739 9,101 5.7 6.6 3.7 5.0 7.2 94.3 93.4 96.3 95.0 92.8 Textiles and textile-mill products: Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings-------------- -----------------Cordage and twine____________ - -----------------------------------------Cotton yarn and textiles------------------ ----------------------------- ------Dyeing and finishing textiles________________ ________ _______ Knit goods_________________ _____ _________________ ____ _____ Rayon, other synthetic and silk textiles-----------------------------------Woolen and worsted textiles------ --------------------------------------------- 1,545 310 3,243 1,433 1,196 841 1, 539 29.9 29.0 28.6 27.4 36.6 36.3 28.0 70.1 71.0 71.4 72.6 63.4 63.7 72.0 22,968 6,663 52, 778 29,413 13,697 12,231 26,999 3.8 2.6 3.5 2.5 6.1 4.2 3.9 96.2 97.4 96.5 97.5 93.9 95.8 96.1 Transportation equipment: Aircraft..------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------Aircraft parts__________________________________________ _____ Motor-vehicle parts. -------------------------------------------------------------Railroad equipment__________________________________________ Transportation equipment, not elsewhere classified--------- ----------- 283 900 1,106 1,583 309 22.6 38.3 31.9 37.1 34.6 77.4 61.7 68.1 62.9 65.4 5,417 11,922 15, 611 43,270 3,353 2.1 5.3 4.7 2.3 6.0 97.9 94.7 95.3 97.7 94.0 Miscellaneous manufacturing: Brooms and brushes_______________________________ ____ _____ Fabricated plastics products------------------------ --------------------------Professional and scientific instruments and supplies_____________ Tobacco products____________________ ____ ___________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing, not elsewhere classified----------------- 195 348 670 705 1,433 41.0 31.9 64.5 34.6 37.9 59.0 68.1 35.5 65.4 62.1 2,157 5,089 4,250 8,280 21,094 6.6 4.0 18.4 5.6 5.0 93.4 96.0 81.6 94.4 95.0 Transportation: Stevedoring----------- --------------------- ----------------------------------------Streetcar.------------------------------------------------ ----------------- - ........... Bus (local)----------- ---------------------------------------------------------------Streetcar and bus (joint operation). ----------------------------- --------Trucking and hauling (local)............................. - ................ ............. Warehousing and storage------------ ------ -------------- ---------------------- 1, 581 466 1,052 3,917 923 978 15.0 36.7 35.0 34.3 45.5 40.0 85.0 63.3 65.0 65.7 54.5 60.0 49,904 6,470 14,848 61,589 11,104 13,826 1.1 4.9 4.8 4.4 6.9 5.6 98.9 95.1 95.2 95.6 93.1 94.4 Heat, light, and power: Electric light and power------------- --------- ---------------------------------Gas---- ------ -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ 7,315 3,978 34.9 38.6 65.1 61.4 112,437 49, 710 4.3 5.7 95.7 94.3 Waterworks................................ ..................................- .............. - ......... 456 31.8 68.2 5,828 5.0 95.0 Personal services: Dry cleaning------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------------Laundries-------- --------- ----------------------------------------------------------Laundry with dry cleaning---------- ------------ -------- ---------------------Hotels------------- ----------------------- --------- ---------------- ------------------Eating and drinking places------------------- --------- ------------------------- 228 437 700 1,212 433 50.0 35.0 45.0 41.7 40.7 50.0 65.0 55.0 58.3 59.3 2,061 6,561 9,233 13,482 4,371 11.1 4.7 6.5 7.3 8.2 88.9 95.3 93.5 92.7 91.8 Nonmanufacturing See footnotes at end of table. 19 T a b l e D .— Distribution o f temporary-total disabilities, by duration o f disability, 194 8 1 Continued — Percent of total days lost accruing from— Percent of cases resulting in— Number of cases2 Industry 1, 2, or 3 days of disability 4 or more days of disability Total days lost2 1-, 2-, or 3day cases 4-or-more day cases Nonmanufacturing—Continued Business services: Banks and other financial agencies------ ------------- ------ --------------Insurance___________________________________________________ Miscellaneous business services________________________________ Miscellaneous repair services------------------ --------------------------------- 193 342 348 260 35.8 27.2 40.8 49.6 64.2 72.8 59.2 50.4 2,456 4,862 4,383 2,742 5.1 3.6 5.4 9.1 94.9 96.4 94.6 90.9 Educational services_____________________________________________ 1,781 42.6 57.4 23,610 6.0 94.0 Fire departments____________________ ___________- ............................ 2,078 33.5 66.5 36,119 4.2 95.8 Police departments---------------- -------------------------- --------------------------- 1,221 27.4 72.6 22,083 3.2 96.8 Trade: Wholesale distributors______________________________ _____ ___ Retail, general merchandise----------- ----------------------- ------------ ----Retail food------------------- ----------------------- -------- -----------------------Wholesale and retail dairy products________ ____ ___ _____ _____ Retail automobiles and accessories. ---------- ---------------------------Retail apparel and accessories------------------------- ------------------------Miscellaneous retail stores.................................. ............................... Wholesale and retail building supplies-------------------------------------Wholesale and retail trade, not elsewhere classified______________ 2,896 880 1,027 971 728 214 768 1,086 461 47.7 39.9 43.4 35.8 43.1 53.7 39.5 37.4 34.5 52.3 60.1 56.6 64.2 56.9 46.3 60.5 62.6 65.5 31,943 9, 718 11,276 12,442 10,776 2,061 10,208 13,834 7,042 8.8 6.8 7.5 5.8 6.3 10.8 6.0 6.1 4.6 91.2 93.2 92.5 94.2 93.7 89.2 94.0 93.9 95.4 1Any injury which does not result in death or permanent impairment but which renders the injured person unable to perform a regularly estab lished job throughout the hours corresponding to his regular shift on any day after the day of injury is designated as a temporary-total disability. 2 Based on reports from those establishments which were able to supply the requested break-down. 2 Total includes data for industries not shown separately. T a b l e E .— Indexes o f injury-frequency rates in manufacturing, 1 9 2 6 -4 8 , by extent o f disability 1 [1926=100] Year Death and All injuries permanent- Permanent- Temporarypartial total total 1926............ ........................ 1927....... ............................ 1928 ______ 1929..................................... 1930 __ . _ _______ 1931____________________ 1932___ ____ _______ _____ 1933 ......................... ......... 1934...................... .............. 1935____________________ 1936 . _______ 1937.___________________ 100.0 93.6 93.2 99.2 95.5 78.0 80.9 91.8 93.6 88.1 85.7 85.8 100.0 107.1 107.1 92.9 107.1 92.9 107.1 85.7 107.1 92.9 85.7 85.7 100.0 96.3 104.6 109.2 111.0 102.8 113.8 110.1 128.4 121.1 114.7 122.0 100.0 93.3 92.5 98.7 94.6 76.5 78.9 90.8 91.6 86.2 84.1 83.7 Year 1938....... ............................. 1939.................... ......... ...... 1940____________________ 1941................................. 1942____________________ 1943__________ __________ 1944..._________________ 1945___ ____ ____________ 1946___________ _____ ___ 1947____________________ 1948.___________ ________ Death and All injuries permanent- Permanent- Temporarypartial total total 71.7 73.4 75.3 85.8 93.5 94.4 88.3 81.9 84.3 78.4 69.8 71.4 71.4 71.4 80.3 70. 7 70.7 62.8 62.8 60.1 51.7 51.7 78.9 80.7 84.8 93.7 83.4 83.4 75.4 72.3 77.9 70.1 67.3 68.1 73.9 75.6 86.2 94.1 95.0 89.7 83.0 85.3 79.3 70.6 1Beginning with 1937, the indexes are based on the percent of change of the frequency rates of identical establishments in each pair of successive years.
@FedFRASER