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Injuries to Warehouse Workers U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics April 1986 Bulletin 2257 A 5?, 3: Injuries to Warehouse Workers U.S. Department of Labor William E. Brock, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner April 1986 Bulletin 2257 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Preface This bulletin summarizes the results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics’ survey of warehouse workers who were injured on the job in September 1984. The findings of this survey will assist the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (osha) in developing safety standards, compliance strategy, and training programs for reducing work-related injuries. The survey was conducted by the bls Office of Oc cupational Safety and Health Statistics, in cooperation with the following State agencies: New Mexico Occupational Health and Safety Bureau North Carolina Department of Commerce, In dustrial Commission Industrial Commission of Ohio, Division of Safety and Hygiene Oregon Workers’ Compensation Department, Research and Statistics Section Tennessee Department of Labor, Division of Labor Standards, Research Section Texas Industrial Accident Board and Department of Health Utah Industrial Commission, Statistics Division Vermont Department of Labor and Industry Virginia Department of Labor and Industry, Divi sion of Research and Statistics Washington Department of Labor and Industries, Industrial Insurance Division, Data Analysis Sec tion Wisconsin Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, Workers’ Compensation Divi sion Wyoming Department of Labor and Statistics, Research and Statistics Section . The following offices of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor contributed to the planning and development of the survey: Compliance, Standards Development, Statistical Studies and Analysis, Regulatory Analysis, and Training. The Office of Safety Research of the Na tional Institute for Occupational Safety and Health also contributed. The analysis of the survey findings and the computer tabulations were prepared by Maryrose ClineBuso. Helen McDonald directed the survey. A list of other Work Injury Reports published since 1978 appears at the end of this bulletin. Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. Alaska Department of Labor, Workers’ Compen sation Division Industrial Commission of Arizona, Division of Ad m inistrative M anagem ent, Research and Statistics California Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Labor Statistics and Research Colorado Department of Labor and Employment, Division of Labor/Statistics Delaware Department of Labor, Division of In dustrial Affairs, OSH Statistics Section Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Rela tions, OSH Research Section Indiana Department of Labor, Survey Operations Iowa Bureau of Labor, Research and Statistics Kentucky Labor Cabinet, Occupational Safety and Health Program Maine Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards Maryland Department of Licensing and Regula tion, Division of Labor and Industry, Research and Statistics Unit Michigan Department of Labor, MIOSHA Infor mation Section Missouri Department of Labor and Industrial Rela tions, Division of Workers’ Compensation, Statistical Section Nebraska Workmen’s Compensation Court, Statistics Section iii Contents Page Introduction................................................................................................................................ 1 Survey results............................................................................................................................... 1 Limitations of the d a ta ........................................................................................................................5 Charts: 1. Industry distribution of injured warehouse workers, September 1984 ..................... 2. Length of service with employer and length of service in warehouse jobs of injured workers, September 1984 ...................................... 3. Hours worked prior to accident of injured warehouse workers, September 1984 . . . 4. Activity of warehouse worker at time of accident, September 1984........................... 3 4 5 Tables: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984: 1. Industry and number of employees............................................................................. 2. Occupation................................................................................................................... 3. Age and sex of worker.................................................................................................. 4. Length of service......................................................................................................... 5. Length of time in shift before accidentoccurred......................................................... 6. Personal protective equipment worn or u s e d ............................................................. 7. Safety training .............................................................................................................. 8. Activity of worker at time of accident......................................................................... 9. Manual materials handling.......................................................................................... 10. Location of worker at time of accident....................................................................... 11. Events leading to accident............................................................................................ 12. Type of accident........................................................................................................... 13. Source of injury........................................................................................................... 14. Nature of injury........................................................................................................... 15. Part of body affected.................................................................................................... 16. Estimated days away from w o rk ................................................................................. 17. Length of hospitalization required............................................................................... 18. Conditions or factors contributing to accident........................................................... 19. Accident prevention...................................................................................................... 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 18 18 Appendixes: A. Survey explanatory note.................................................................................................... B. Participating State agencies.............................................................................................. C. Survey questionnaire ................................................................... 19 21 22 2 Injuries to Warehouse Workers or filler; and warehouse manager or supervisor. Thirtytwo percent were classified under the general title of warehouse worker. Introduction According to a 1981 analysis of job risk by occupa tion, workers in warehouse occupations are at a higher than average risk of injury.1 At the request of the Oc cupational Safety and Health Administration, the Bureau of Labor Statistics conducted a survey of in jured warehouse workers in 1984 to obtain more infor mation on the actions and hazards associated with their work-related injuries. Workers were asked to describe the activity, location, and material movement equip ment used at the time of their accident. As a measure of the severity of the injuries, information was obtained on the nature of the injury and the part of body affected, the number of days lost from work, and the amount of hospitalization required. Workers indicated the per sonal protective equipment they were wearing or using at the time of their accident, the extent of safety training received for the job they were doing when injured, and their experience in warehouse work. They were also ask ed about worksite conditions or other factors they felt contributed to the accident and how similar accidents could be prevented in the future. The survey results represent 2,700 warehouse workers who were injured on the job in September 1984 in 26 States. Nearly three-fourths of the workers studied were under 35 years of age; one-half of these were 25 to 34 years old (table 3). Nine out of ten injured warehouse workers were men. Fifty-seven percent of the injured workers had work ed for their employers at least 1 year at the time of their accidents; 24 percent had 5 or more years of service (table 4). Industry experience was even greater. Seventynine percent of all warehouse workers surveyed had worked 1 or more years in warehousing jobs, and more than one-half of these workers indicated that they had over 5 years of experience (chart 2). A g e a n d sex o f w o rk e r a n d w o rk experience. Injured workers were asked to provide information about when their accidents occur red during the workday. Relatively few accidents hap pened during the first hour; the largest proportion oc curred during the second to fourth hours of the shift (chart 3). L en g th o f tim e in sh ift. Three out of every five injured workers were not wearing or using any type of personal protective equipment when injured (table 6). Twenty-three percent were wearing gloves, and a similar proportion, steel-toed safety shoes or boots. Hard hats or some form of protective eyewear were each worn by 5 percent of the workers. P erso n a l p r o te c tiv e eq u ip m en t. Survey results Injured warehouse workers were largely concentrated in the wholesale and retail trade industries (table 1). Fortyseven percent of the injured worked for wholesale trade establishments, most frequently grocery, automotive parts, machinery, and construction material distributors (chart 1). Retail trade firms, mostly food stores, employed 21 percent of the workers and manufacturers, 15 percent. The transportation and public utilities in dustry accounted for 8 percent of those injured. Most of the workers reported job titles which reflected specific job duties (table 2). Order selectors, pullers, or pickers was the job title of 24 percent of the injured; 11 percent were forklift operators. Other fre quently cited occupations were: Shipping or receiving clerk; loader, unloader, or checker; Stocker, stock clerk, I n d u s tr y c la s s ific a tio n and o c c u p a tio n . Safety training for the job being done at the time of injury was reported by 54 percent of the workers (table 7). The safety subjects most frequently covered were: Training in housekeeping practices, such as keeping aisles and floors free of trash and clutter; how to lift properly; how to operate forklifts safely; when and where to use personal protective equipment; and how to safely operate powered equipment, most commonly powered pallet jacks and cranes. S a fe ty training. 1 N o r m a n R o o t a n d D e b o r a h S e b a stia n ,“ B L S D e v e lo p s M easu re o f J o b R isk b y O c c u p a tio n , ” M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w , O cto b er 1981, p p . 26-3 0 . 1 Safety training took the form of on-the-job training for nearly one-third of the workers. Printed materials containing safety information were distributed to slight ly more than one-fifth, and one-fifth received their training in more formal safety meetings. Chart 1. Industry distribution of injured warehouse workers, September 1984 Thirteen percent of the injured workers were operating mechanized lifting/handling equipment at the time of their accidents, most frequently forklifts and powered pallet jacks. Working with (although not operating) lifting/handling equipment was indicated by 25 percent, including workers manually loading or unloading forklifts or using handtrucks. Three-tenths of the workers noted that their com panies had labor-management committees which met on safety issues, a nearly equal proportion said their com panies had no such committee, and the remaining twofifths did not know whether such a committee existed. A c tiv ity o f w o rk er a t tim e o f a ccid en t a n d e q u ip m e n t used. The flow of goods into and out of a warehouse Increased mechanization and sophisticated material handling equipment do not totally eliminate the need for manual materials handling in warehousing. Nearly two-thirds of the injured warehouse workers were manually lifting, carrying, or handling materials at the time of their injury (table 9). When asked if they could have used lifting/handling equipment, such as forklifts, handtrucks, and dollies, to perform their tasks, 9 out of 10 said no, and 7 out of 10 explained that the material had to be moved by hand at some stage. Some who were working with lifting/handl ing equipment still had to manually place the goods on the forklifts or dollies. Close to 1 in 5 said the work space was not adequate in which to use the equipment. Ten percent indicated they could have used lif ting/handling equipment but most felt, prior to their ac cidents, that it was unnecessary or too much trouble to use. forms a common pattern of activities in most warehouses. Goods coming into the warehouse are unloaded from vehicles, inventoried, and placed into storage. The process of warehousing incoming goods may occur at the same time that goods are prepared for leaving the warehouse. Activities involved when goods are moved out of the warehouse include getting the mer chandise removed from storage, readied for shipping, and loaded onto vehicles for transport away from the warehouse. Almost three-tenths of the injuries occurred to workers while they were loading or unloading a vehi cle (table. 8). Moving stock to or from storage ranked next in frequency, along with selecting (picking) items, and stacking or placing stock (chart 4). All but 6 percent of the injured workers reported that the type of work being performed at the time of accident was the same as they performed during the course of a normal workday (table 8). M a n u a l m a teria ls handling. 2 Chart 2. Length of service with employer and length of service in warehouse jobs of injured warehouse workers, September 1984 Percent Percent Less than 1 month 1 to 6 months 6 months to 1 year 5 years or more For example, a warehouse worker might suffer a muscle sprain or strain while just lifting a box. Another worker lifting a box may injure a muscle because the contents of the box shifted suddenly. In both cases, the type of acci dent could be overexertion, but, in the second situation, the accident was affected by the preceding event—the box’s contents shifting. This bulletin attempts to iden tify both the events leading to the accident (table 11), the type of accident (table 12), and the relationship between these two. Overall, 38 percent of the workers were injured by overexertion, mostly while manually lifting or handling materials. For the majority of these workers, nothing unusual preceded their accidents (text table 1). Their in juries were usually the result of a single act of lifting, carrying, or wielding objects. However, a few workers noted losing their balance or their grip on objects, or that materials had shifted. Twenty-six percent were struck by falling, flying, or swinging objects. Nearly one-half of these accidents in volved preceding events; the unexpected movement of work materials accounted for the largest proportion. Falls from elevations accounted for 6 percent of the accidents. One-third of these falls occurred after the surface beneath the worker, such as a stack of piled materials, shifted or broke. This included a worker who More than onehalf of the workers were injured while in the storage area of the warehouse (table 10). However, injuries also occurred in other warehouse areas where the primary function was the loading and unloading of materials rather than storage. Fourteen percent of the accidents took place on a loading dock, while 15 percent were in trucks, usually at the loading dock. Sixty-eight percent of the workers were injured while working at ground (floor) level. Workers must also climb ladders to obtain products, walk up stairs to an upper storage area, and sometimes climb shelves, racks, or piled materials to reach stock. A total of 7 percent of the workers were on these elevated surfaces at the time of their accidents. Being in or on a vehicle was cited by 23 percent. Unfamiliarity with the worksite did not seem to be a problem among the injured workers. Only 4 percent in dicated that they were working in a location different from their normal worksite (table 8). L o c a tio n o f w o rk e r a t tim e o f acciden t. Information on the type of ac cident describes a single event which produces a worker’s injury. However, accidents are not always the result of a single, isolated event. Some are the result of an unusual or unexpected event preceding the accident. D escrip tio n o f acciden t. 1 to 5 years 3 Chart 3. Hours worked prior to accident of injured warehouse workers, September 1984 Percent Percent than 2 Hours Type of accident Over exertion Struck by Fall from elevation Other Total....................................... 100 100 100 100 No preceding event...................... Working surface shifted, slipped, or broke ..................................... Worker lost balance, slipped, or tripped........................................ Worker lost grip on object holding onto or working with.................. Work materials shifted, slipped, or broke.......................................... 92 54 36 58 0 1 33 3 2 3 27 28 1 10 0 3 5 32 3 8 o f in ju ry. Information on the nature of workers’ injuries, days away from work, and hospitalization helps to determine the severity of workers’ injuries. Muscle sprains and strains, the most common injury, were sustained by 55 percent of the workers (table 14). Bruises were next in frequency, along with cuts, lacerations, and punctures, accounting for 21 and 18 percent, respectively. Thirteen percent suffered fractures. More than two-fifths of the workers experienced in juries to the trunks of their bodies, particularly their backs (table 15). Less frequently, injuries were to the lower extremities, specifically the foot, and to the upper extremities, usually the fingers. Seventy-seven percent of the injured workers lost days away from work as a result of their injuries (table 16).2The average lost-time case resulted in 16 days away from work, which is close to the national average of 17 for all lost-workday injury cases.3 Slightly less than oneS e v e rity NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. said the floor of the trailer he was working in caved in and another who fell when the ladder he was standing on shifted. Most of the remaining types of accidents involved workers striking against objects or falling to the same level because they lost their grip on objects or slipped or tripped and lost their balance. Finally, the source of injury identifies the object or substance which produced the injury. Nearly 70 dif ferent sources of injury were given; the most common (29 percent) were boxes, barrels, or containers (table remember 13). Other frequent sources included metal items, such as structural metal, pipes, fittings, or fasteners, 11 per cent; vehicles, usually forklifts or powered pallet jacks, 11 percent; and working surfaces, 10 percent. Text table 1. Percent distribution of type of accident by preceding events: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Preceding event or more 2 S ee a p p en d ix A fo r d iffe r e n c e s in rep o rtin g req u irem en ts a m o n g th e S tates in c lu d ed in th is stu d y . 3 O c c u p a tio n a l In ju r ie s a n d Illn e s se s in th e U n ite d S ta te s b y In d u stry , 1983, B u lletin 2236 (B ureau o f L ab or S tatistics, 1985), table 6. 4 Chart 4. Activity of warehouse worker at time of accident, September 1984 Percent 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Loading/unloading truck, trailer, railcar, or other vehicle Moving stock to or from storage area Selecting or picking items Stacking or placing stock Repairing, adjusting, cleaning, or maintaining equipment or machinery Packing or wrapping items for shipping Doing cleanup work Inspecting or labeling stock, or doing inventory Other tenth of the workers were hospitalized overnight, with an average hospital stay of 5 nights (table 17). 5 also felt that safer work procedures on their part might prevent accidents and nearly 1 in 6 workers felt that making the work area safer would help. When asked if their employers had taken action after the accident to prevent a similar accident from occurr ing to others, 43 percent did not know of any actions taken, in some instances because they had not yet returned to work. Another 41 percent indicated that no actions were taken. The remaining 16 percent noted preventative actions by their employers. A number of workers who had suffered overexertion injuries said that their employer explained proper manual lifting methods to them, and in some cases, to their co-workers as well. For virtually all of these injured workers, this was a refresher of previous training. Several of the workers noted that equipment involved in the accident was repaired afterwards. Some acknowledged the hiring of additional help while others noted that safety meetings were held. C o n d itio n s o r f a c to r s co n trib u tin g to th e acciden t. Forty-six percent of the injured workers indicated that conditions at the worksite contributed to their accidents (table 18). Twenty-two percent considered a limited work area or space responsible, at least in part, for their accidents. Other contributing conditions, each accoun ting for 7 or 8 percent, were slippery floor surfaces, clut tered work areas, and tools or equipment in bad condi tion or not working properly. An even larger proportion of workers, almost 3 out of 4, felt that more general factors also contributed. Work ing too fast or working in an awkward position each were indicated by 1 out of 4 workers. About 1 out of 6 blamed lifting, carrying, or handling an object that was too heavy, while slightly fewer (1 out of 7) noted that working under stress was a factor. Nearly 1 out of 10 cited working when tired or fatigued, and a similar pro portion gave their carelessness as a possible cause of their accidents. Limitations of the data The data in this bulletin represent the population of injured warehouse workers reported in the 26 cooperating States during the reference period of September 1984. However, the user should note the following limitations: States participating in data collec tion may not be representative of the country as a Three in four injured workers felt their type of accident could have been prevented (table 19). Having more help to do the job was indicated by 1 in 4 workers, and 1 in 5 claimed that having more time to perform the task might have helped. About 1 in P re v e n ta tiv e m easures. 5 Incidence rates of the injuries studied were not generated, nor can they be inferred from the data, because information on hours of work for the survey period is not available. See appendix A for the scope and methodology of the survey. whole; government and coal and metallic and nonmetallic mining are not included; reporting re quirements for workers’ compensation reports, the basis for selecting injuries for study, vary among States; and the reference period is not intended to represent the entire year. 6 Table 1. Industry and number of employees: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Industry and number of people employed Total, 2,700 injured workers......................................................... Percent 100 Industry Agriculture, forestry, and fishing......................................................... Mining 1 ........................................................... ..................................... Construction......................................................................................... Manufacturing ...................................................................................... Transportation and public utilities ...................................................... Wholesale trade................................................................................... Wholesale trade—durable g oods................................................. Wholesale trade—nondurable goods........................................... 1 (2) 2 15 Retail trade........................................................................................... Building materials and garden supplies....................................... General merchandise stores........................................................ Food stores................................................................................... Automotive dealers and service stations.................................... Apparel and accessory stores...................................................... Furniture and home furnishings stores........................................ Eating and drinking places........................................................... Miscellaneous retail....................................................................... 21 2 4 7 1 Finance, insurance, and real estate ................................................... Services................................................................................................ Other industries, not elsewhere classified......................................... 8 47 22 25 (*) 3 0 3 4 1 Number of people employed in worker’s company I to 10 employees .............................................................................. I I or more employees......................................................................... 18 82 1 Limited to oil and gas extraction. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Dash indicates no data were reported. Due to rounding, percent ages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Industry obtained from State workers’ compensation reports; number of employees obtained from survey questionnaires. Table 2. Occupation: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Occupation Percent Total, 2,700 injured workers......................................................... 100 Cleanup person or maintenance person............................................ Forklift operator ................................................................................... Loader, unioader, or checker.............................................................. Order selector, puller, or picker.......................................................... Shipping or receiving clerk, shipper, or packer................................. Stocker, stock clerk, or fille r............................................................... Warehouse manager or supervisor.................................................... O th e r.................................................................................................... Warehouse worker, uns........................................................................ 1 11 6 24 7 5 5 8 32 uns. = unspecified. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 7 Table 3. Age and sex of worker: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Age and sex Percent Total, 2,700 injured workers 100 Age 16-19 years ....... 20-24 years ....... 25-34 years ....... 35-44 years ....... 45-54 years ....... 55-64 years ....... 65 years or more 8 28 38 15 8 3 (’) Sex Men ... Women 90 10 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports. Table 4. Length of service: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Length of service Percent Total, 2,700 injured workers......................................................... 100 Length of service with employer Less than 1 m onth............................................................................... 1 to 6 months ...................................................................................... 6 months to 1 year............................................................................... 1 to 5 years.......................................................................................... 5 years or m ore ................................................................................... 5 24 14 33 24 Length of service in warehouse jobs Less than 1 m onth............................................................................... 1 to 6 months ...................................................................................... 6 months to 1 year............................................................................... 1 to 5 years.......................................................................................... 5 years or m ore................................................................................... 2 10 9 37 42 NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. Table 5. Length of time in shift before accident occurred: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Length of time in shift before accident occurred Percent 100 1 to 2 hours ....................................................................................... . 7 16 29 21 16 8 2 NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 8 Table 6. Personal protective equipment worn or used: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Personal protective equipment Percent Total, 2,700 injured workers......................................................... Hard h a t................................................................................................ Gloves.................................................................................................. Steel-toed safety shoes or steel-toed boots ..................................... Safety glasses, goggles, or other eye protection ............................. Safety belt tied off with lanyard.......................................................... Seat b e lt............................................................................................... O th e r.................................................................................................... Not wearing or using protective equipment....................................... 0 5 23 22 5 1 2 61 ' Because more than one response is possible, the sum of the percentages may not add to 100. Percentages are based on the total number of persons who answered the question. NOTE: Dash indicates no data were reported. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. Table 7. Safety training: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Percent Safety training Safety training for job being done when injured O Total, 2,700 injured workers Forklift operator training course.................................................. How to operate other power equipment.................................... Proper manual lifting methods..................................................... When and where to use personal protective equipment........... Importance of keeping floor and aisles free of trash and other objects ............................................................................. Provided written safe-job procedures for the job doing when injured......................................................................................... Other safety training..................................................................... Never received safety training for job being done when injured 23 13 28 16 29 4 3 46 Source of safety training Total, 2,700 injured workers........................ Printed materials....................................... Films.......................................................... On-the-job training.................................... Safety meetings............................'............ O th e r......................................................... Never received safety training for the job 0 22 18 32 20 1 48 Whether worker’s company had a labor-management committee to meet on safety issues Total, 2,700 injured workers.................................................. 100 32 30 38 N o ............ Yes .......... Don’t know1 1 Because more than one response is possible, the sum of the percentages may not add to 100. Percentages are based on the total number of persons who answered the question. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 9 Table 8. Activity of worker at time of accident: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Activity Percent Activity of worker at time of accident 100 Total, 2,700 injured workers Loading/unloading truck, trailer, railcar, or other vehicle Moving stock to or from storage area.............................. Stacking or placing sto ck.................................................. Selecting or picking ite m s................................................. Packing or wrapping items for shipping........................... Inspecting or labeling stock, or doing inventory............. Doing cleanup work .......................................................... Repairing, adjusting, cleaning, or maintaining equipment or machinery.................................................................... O th e r.................................................................................. 28 19 14 18 4 2 4 5 6 Lifting/handling equipment worker was working with or operating Total, 2,700 injured workers.................................................... Workers operating lifting/handling equipment at time of accident.... F orklift............ ............................................................................... Powered pallet ja c k ....................................................................... Manual cart, handtruck, or d o lly................................................... Shrink wrap or other wrapping machine ...................................... Platform on forklift or crane to lift worker.................................... Conveyor........................................................................................ Crane.............................................................................................. O th e r.............................................................................................. Workers working with lifting/handling equipment at time of acci dent (i.e., unloading cartons from forklift, pushing handcart, etc.) . F orklift............................................................................................ Powered pallet ja c k ....................................................................... Manual cart, handtruck, or d o lly................................................... Shrink wrap or other wrapping machine ...................................... Platform on forklift or crane to lift worker.................................... Conveyor........................................................................................ Crane.............................................................................................. O th e r.............................................................................................. Workers not operating or working with lifting/handling equipment at time of accident.................................... 100 13 7 4 0 0 0 1 1 25 6 5 10 1 1 2 1 61 Whether location, equipment, or type of work were different in any way from worker’s normal Work Total, 2,700 injured workers......................................................... Yes—using different equipment ... Yes—working at different location Yes—doing different type of work N o .................................................. 1 2 0 1 4 6 90 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Because more than one response is possible, the sum of the percentages may not add to 100. Percentages are based on the total number of persons who answered the question. NOTE: Dash indicates no data were reported. Due to rounding, percent ages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 10 Table 9. Manual materials handling: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Manual materials handling Percent Manual materials handling at time of accident Total, 2,700 injured workers........................................... 100 Workers manually handling materials.................................. Workers not manually handling materials........................... 64 36 Whether worker could have used lifting/handling equipment to lift, carry, or move objects Total, 1,720 injured w o rk e r....................................................... 100 No--there was not enough space to use i t ...................................... No--the material had to be moved by hand .................................... No-other reason ............................................................................... Yes ..................................................................................................... 18 70 1 10 If yes: Type of equipment worker could have used1 Total, 180 injured workers..................................................... (2) 62 7 24 F orklift....................................... Powered pallet ja c k .................. Manual cart, handtruck, or dolly Conveyor................................... Crane......................................... O th e r......................................... 11 4 Why worker wasn’t using this equipment1 Total, 180 injured workers (2) Did not think it was necessary....................... In bad condition or not working properly....... Too much trouble to u s e ................................ Did not know how to operate......................... Not authorized to use that type of equipment O th e r................................................................ 1 2 40 8 18 4 34 1 Due to the small number of responses, the sampling errors for these estimates are generally higher than those of other survey estimates. See note on data reliability in appendix A. 2 Because more than one response is possible, the sum of the percent ages may not add to 100. Percentages are based on the total number of per sons who answered the question. NOTE: Dash indicates no data were reported. Due to rounding, percent ages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 11 Table 10. Location of worker at time of accident: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Location Percent 100 Total, 2,700 injured workers Worksite location Inside truck, trailer, or railcar...................... Temporary storage area of warehouse..... Long-term storage area of warehouse...... Loading dock............................................... . Other area of warehouse........................... Outdoor location (other than loading dock) O th e r............................................................ 15 21 30 14 10 8 3 Elevation at worksite At ground or floor level................................... On piled or stacked materials......................... On a ladder...................................................... On s ta irs .......................................................... On a shelf or ra c k ........................................... In or on a vehicle............................................ O th e r................................................................ 68 2 2 O 3 23 3 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. Table 11. Events leading to accident: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Events leading to accident Percent Total, 2,700 injured workers......................................................... 100 No preceding events............................................................................ Working surface shifted, moved, or broke......................................... Work materials shifted, slipped, or broke .......................................... Worker lost balance, slipped, or tripped............................................ Worker lost grip on object holding onto or working w ith .................. 68 4 13 11 4 NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 12 Table 12. Type of accident: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Type of accident Percent 100 Total, 2,700 injured workers 8 Struck against.......................... Struck against, uns............. Stationary object................ Moving object..................... Struck b y ................................... Struck by, uns..................... Falling object...................... Flying object....................... Struck by, n.e.c................... 0 7 1 26 1 14 1 11 6 Fall from elevation.................... Fall from elevation, uns...... From scaffolds, etc............. From ladders...................... From piled materials ......... From vehicles..................... On stairs ............................. Into shafts, etc.................... Fall to lower level, n.e.c..... Fall on same level.................... Fall on same level, uns...... Fall to the walkway, etc...... Fall onto or against objects Fall on same level, n.e.c. ... O 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 3 6 4 1 1 7 Caught in, under, between................ Caught in, under, between, uns... Inrunning or meshing objects...... Moving and stationary objects.... Two or more moving objects...... Caught in, under, between, n.e.c. Rubbed or abraded............................ Vibrating objects.......................... Foreign matter in eyes................ Bodily reaction................................... 1 1 3 0 1 2 0 2 3 Overexertion............................................................ Overexertion, uns............................................... Lifting objects.................................................... Pulling or pushing objects ............................... Wielding or throwing objects............................ Overexertion, n.e.c............................................. Contact with electric current.................................. Contact with temperature extremes....................... Hot objects or substances.............................. Contact with radiations, caustics, etc..................... By absorption.................................................... Contact with radiations, caustics, etc., n.e.c. .. Explosions ............................................................... Accident type, n.e.c.................................................. Nonclassifiable........................................................ 1 38 2 28 4 •3 O 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 Less than 0.5 percent. n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. uns. = unspecified. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports. 13 Table 13. Source of injury: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Source of injury Percent 100 Total, 2,700 injured workers 0 Animals, insects, etc................... Bodily motion ............................. Boilers, pressure vessels.......... Boxes, barrels, containers......... Buildings and structures ........... Ceramic ite m s............................ Chemicals, chemical compounds Conveyors................................... Electric apparatus....................... Food products............................. Furniture, fixtures, etc.................. Glass items, n.e.c........................ 3 f) 29 2 (’) 1 1 1 2 5 1 Handtools, not powered ............................. Hammer ................................................ K n ife ...................................................... Pliers...................................................... Shovel................................................... Handtools, not powered, n.e.c............. Handtools, powered................................... Heating equipment (nonelectric), n.e.c....... Hoisting apparatus..................... ................. Ladders...................................... ................. Liquids, n.e.c................................ ................ Machines .................................... ................ Machines, uns........................................ Agitators, m ixers.................................. Drilling, boring ...................................... Saws..................................................... Screening, separating .......................... Machines, n.e.c..................................... Mechanical power transmission apparatus 3 0 2 O 0 1 0 0 0 ( 1) 0 0 ( 1) 0 0 11 Metal item s....................................... Metal items, uns......................... Automobile parts....................... Structural m etal................... ..... Pipe and fittings................... .... Metal parts (execpt automobile) Metal fasteners......................... Metal binders ............................ Metal chips, splinters, particles Metal items, n.e.c....................... Mineral items, nonmetallic, n.e.c..... Paper and pulp ................................ Particles (unidentified)..................... Plastic items, n.e.c............................ Pumps and prime movers .............. Soaps, detergents, etc., n.e.c.......... 1 1 1 2 1 2 (') 1 3 O 1 1 1 0 0 Vehicles ........................................................ Vehicles, uns.......................................... Aircraft.................................................... Highway vehicles, powered.................. Plant or industrial vehicles ................... Dollies or other nonpowered vehicles Forklifts or other powered carriers.... Powered towing vehicles................... Rail vehicles.......................................... Vehicles, n.e.c........................................ Wood ite m s.................................................. Lumber................................................... Skids, pallets......................................... Wood items, n.e.c.................................. 11 (') O 1 9 2 7 0 (') (’) 8 2 6 O 10 Working surfaces.............. Working surfaces, uns. F lo o r............................ Ground ........................ 2 5 1 See footnotes at end of table. 14 Table 13. Source of injury: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984—Continued Source of injury Percent Ramos........................................................................................... Runways, platforms................................... .................................... Stairs, steps............................................... 0 (’) Street, road ............................... ................... (') Working surfaces, n.e.c.................................................................. Rubber products.................................................................................. Miscellaneous, n.e.c...................................................... Nonclassifiable..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 4 ’ Less than 0.5 percent. n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. uns. = unspecified. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports. Table 14. Nature of injury: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Nature of injury Percent 0 Bruise or contusion............................................................................. Muscle sprain or strain, torn ligaments, or pulled m uscle................ Dislocation............................................................................................ Object in eye(s) ................................................................................... Concussion........................................................................................... 13 18 21 55 4 4 1 1 4 ’ Because more than one response is possible, the sum of the percentages may not add to 100. Percentages are based on the total number of persons who answered the question. NOTE: See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 15 Table 15. Part of body affected: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Part of body Percent 100 Total, 2,700 injured workers Head.................... Head, uns...... B rain............. Ear(s)............. Eye(s)........... Face ............. Head, multiple Head, n.e.c. ... 5 1 0 0 3 1 0 0 2 Neck 22 Upper extremities ................... Upper extremities, uns...... Arm(s)................................ Arm(s), uns...................... Upper arm(s) .................. Elbow(s) ......................... Forearm (s) ..................... Arm(s), m ultiple............. Arm(s), n.e.c.................... Wrist(s).............................. Hand(s) ............................. Finger(s)............................ Upper extremities, multiple 0 4 1 (’) 1 2 0 0 4 3 10 1 41 T ru n k.................... Trunk, uns....... Abdomen ....... Back .............. Chest............. Hip(s)............. Shoulder(s).... Trunk, multiple 0 5 28 3 1 3 1 24 7 1 1 4 1 Lower extremities.................... Leg(s)................................. Leg(s), uns....................... Thigh(s) ........................... Knee(s)............................ Lower leg(s).................... Leg(s), multiple............... Ankle(s).............................. Foot or feet ....................... Toe(s)................................ Lower extremities, multiple <’> 5 9 3 O Multiple parts........................................................... ;........................... Nonclassifiable..................................................................................... 5 (1) 1 Less than 0.5 percent. n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. uns. = unspecified. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports. 16 Table 16. Estimated days away from work: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Days away from work Percent Total, 2,700 injured workers......................................................... 100 No days away from work .................................................................... 1 to 5 d a ys........................................................................................... 6 to 10 d a ys......................................................................................... 11 to 15 days....................................... ^ ............................................ 16 to 20 days....................................................................................... 21 to 25 days....................................................................................... 26 to 30 days....................................................................................... 31 to 40 days....................................................................................... 41 to 60 days....................................................................................... More than 60 da ys.............................................................................. Lost-time cases for which days away from work were not estimated ........................................................................................... 23 27 12 8 6 4 4 4 1 3 8 Mean Mean days away from work per lost-workday c a s e .......................... 16 NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. Table 17. Length of hospitalization required: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Length of hospitalization Percent Total, 2,700 injured workers......................................................... 100 No hospitalization required.................................................................. 1 n ig h t.................................................................................................. 2 nights................................................................................................ 3 nights................................................................................................ 4 nights................................................................................................ 5 nights................................................................................................ 6 nights or m ore .................................................................................. Hospitalized cases for which length of hospitalization was not estimated ........................................................................................... 91 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 Mean Mean length (nights) of hospitalization per hospitalized c a s e ......... 5 NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 17 Table 18. Conditions or factors contributing to the accident: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Conditions or factors workers felt contributed to accident Percent Worksite conditions 0 Total, 2,700 injured workers Slippery floor surface............................................................ Working in a limited area or space....................................... Poor lighting .......................................................................... Lifting/handling equipment lacked safety features............... Cluttered work area............................................................... Structure was broken or in bad condition............................. Tools or equipment in bad condition or not working properly O ther.................................................................................... 7 22 3 No conditions at worksite led to accident 54 1 8 4 8 7 Other contributing factors Total, 2,700 injured workers....................................................... (’) 9 6 Working when tired or fatigued ......................................... Co-worker’s activity........................................................... Worker had previous physical condition which contributed to accident...................................................................... Working too fa s t................................................................ Working when under stress .............................................. Was careless in what you were doing............................... Lifting, carrying, or moving an object that was too heavy .. In an awkward position...................................................... Not given proper training or instructions for jo b ............... Safety rules were not enforced......................................... O ther................................................................................. 2 25 15 8 17 25 2 4 7 No other factors contributed to accident 27 1 Because more than one response is possible, the sum of the percentages may not add to 100. Percentages are based on the total number of persons who answered the question. NOTE: See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. Table 19. Accident prevention: Injuries to warehouse workers, selected States, September 1984 Accident prevention Percent Actions, methods, or procedures that worker feels would have prevented accident (’) Total, 2,700 injured workers Making area safer before working ............................... More or better safety training...................................... Using protective equipment ......................................... Using safer work procedures on workers’ p a rt............ Having company enforce safe work practices ............. More help to do job ..................................................... Providing more or better safety features on equipment Using lifting/handling equipment.................................. More time to do job ..................................................... O ther........................................................................... Do not think it could have been prevented................. 16 9 5 19 8 24 5 5 21 13 24 Employer action(s) taken to prevent accident from happening to others Total, 2,700 injured workers 100 No action(s) taken by employer..................................... Action(s) was taken by employer.................................... Worker did not know if action(s) was taken by employer 41 16 43 1 Because more than one response is possible, the sum of the percentages may not add to 100. Percentages are based on the total number of persons who answered the question. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 18 Appendix A. Survey Explanatory Note tion, the worker’s age, sex, and part of body injured, the source of injury, type of accident, and occupation were classified based on information furnished by the employer in the workers’ compensation report. Acci dent descriptions from the questionnaire were coded by BLS to reflect any events which may have preceded workers’ accidents, and to identify equipment operators. Job titles provided on the questionnaire were coded by b l s to develop a more complete description of workers’ occupations. Scope of survey The survey was designed to develop information on injuries to workers employed in selected warehouse oc cupations in the private sector. The injuries studied oc curred during the month of September 1984. Included were workers in occupations identified as “ warehouse workers, not elsewhere classified” according to the 1970 Bureau of Census classification of occupations. Other Census occupations which were included in the study were shipping and receiving clerks; stock clerks and storekeepers; forklift and tow motor operators; freight and material handlers; and stock handlers provided that one of two criteria were met: (1) the department in which the worker was working was warehouse, or (2) the industry according to the Standard Industrial Classification system was Public Warehousing (S I C 442) or Wholesale Trade (sic’s 50 and 51). Injury cases were excluded from the survey if they involved on-the-road vehicle accidents, assaults, or fatalities. The survey covered the 26 States shown in appendix B. To identify cases within the scope of the survey, staff of the participating State agencies reviewed Employer’s Reports of Injuries required by State workers’ compen sation laws. Of the 2,700 reports meeting the critera, a systematic random sample of 1 out of 3.5 reports was selected, and a questionnaire was mailed to each injured worker in the sample; cooperation was voluntary. Dur ing the survey period, 424 survey questionnaires were returned and found to be within the scope of the survey, resulting in a response rate of 55 percent. Although the data were aggregated for all par ticipating States, it should be noted that the workers’ compensation cases selected for study reflect differences in reporting requirements. Workers’ compensation cases involving medical treatment, regardless of lost time, are reported in the following States: Hawaii, In diana, Maine, Nebraska, North Carolina, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and Wyoming. The remaining participating States require reports for cases involving the following number of days away from work: 1 day—Alaska, California, and Ohio; 2 days—Kentucky; 3 days—Missouri; 4 days—Colorado, Delaware, Iowa, Maryland, Oregon, and Wisconsin; 7 days—Michigan; and 8 days—Arizona, New Mexico, Tennessee, and Virginia. Although participating States provided a broad geographic and industrial mix, they were not selected statistically to represent the country as a whole. Information on the employer’s industry classifica Weighting and estimation procedures A weighting procedure was used to make the sample of injured workers account for all in-scope injured workers in the 26 participating States. For this survey, an original weight of 3.5, which is the inverse of the pro bability of selection, was applied to each sample member’s response. Forty-five percent of the workers selected to par ticipate in the survey did not return the questionnaire. These are referred to as unit nonrespondents. A weighting-class nonresponse adjustment procedure was used to reduce the bias due to nonresponse in the estimates. In this procedure, the sample is partitioned into cells, and a unit nonresponse adjustment factor is calculated within each cell. This procedure is based on the assumption that, within each cell, the response distribution of the unit nonrespondents would be the same as the response distribution of the respondents. To determine the set of cells for unit nonresponse ad justment, a comparison of the following characteristics was made between respondents and nonrespondents: Age, sex, nature of injury, part of body affected, source, type of accident, and industry. The greatest dif ference between respondents and nonrespondents was in the type of accident distribution. Further, it was deter mined that the survey responses varied by type of acci dent. Therefore, a type of accident partition (overexer tion cases and other types of accidents) was used to ad just for unit nonresponse. In addition to workers not returning the question naire, a small number responded to the survey but did not answer all of the questions. These are referred to as item nonrespondents. To account for this type of nonresponse, it was assumed that the response distribu tion of the item nonrespondents would be the same as the response distribution of the item respondents. For each question, a final weight for each respondent 19 ject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling errors occur because observations are made on a sam ple, not on the entire universe. Estimates based on the different possible samples of the same size and sample design could differ. The standard errors, which are a measure of the sampling error in the estimates, are calculated as part of the survey’s estimation process and are available upon request.* Nonsampling errors in the estimates can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, definitional difficulties, etc. To minimize the nonsampling errors in the estimates, the completed questionnaires are edited and apparent in consistencies are checked. was calculated as the original weight times an adjust ment factor for unit and item nonresponse. The estimate of the total number of in-scope injured workers for each question is equal to the sum of the final weights of the respondents. The estimate of the percent of workers giving a par ticular answer to a question is the sum of the final weights of the respondents giving a particular answer divided by the estimate of the total number of in-scope injured workers. Estimates of mean lost workdays and nights of hospitalization do not include cases in which workers in dicated lost time or hospitalization but failed to provide numerical estimates of the amount of time. Reliability All estimates derived from a sample survey are sub 20 Appendix B. Participating State Agencies 21 Appendix C. Survey Questionnaire Bureau of Labor Statistics Work Injury Report-Warehouse Workers T h e in fo r m a tio n c o lle c te d on th is fo rm b y th e Bu re au o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s a n d th e S ta te A g en cies c o o p e ra tin g in its s ta tis tic a l p ro g ra m w ill be h e ld in c o n fid e n c e a n d w ill be used fo r s ta tis tic a l pu rp o s e s o n ly . Survey Code 2 8 ^ U.S. Department of Labor T h is r e p o r t is a u th o r iz e d b y la w 2 9 U .S .C . 2. Y o u r v o lu n ta r y c o o p e ra tio n is n e e d e d to m ake th e re s u lts o f th is su rv e y co m p re h e n s iv e , a c cu ra te , a n d tim e ly . ^,,i i i i i 2. L o a d in g /u n lo a d *n g tr u c k , tra c e r, ra ilc a r, or o th e r ve h ic le G. L J M o v in g s to c k Ib o x e s , b a rre ls, c o n ta in e rs , e tc .) to o r f r o m storage D escribe th e o b je c t y o u w ere liftin g , c a rry in g , o r m o v in g . ( F u r e x a m p le : Case o f c a n n e d goods, b o x o f p a tte r g o od s, e tc .) area •3. □ 4 Q 5. CD P a c k in g o r w ra p p in g ite m s fo r s h ip p in g 6. □ S ta c k in g o r p la c in g s to c k S e le c tin g o r p ic k in g ite m s In s p e c tin g o r la b e lin g s to c k , o r d o in g in v e n to ry 7. CD D o in g c h a n u p w o r k (s w e e p in g flo o rs , d u m p in g t ia : h , e tc l 8. CJ R e p a irin g , a d ju s tin g , c le a n in g , o r m a in ta in in g e q u ip m e n t or 9 TJ O th e r H. C o u ld y o u ha ve use d liftin g /h a n d lin g e q u ip m e n t (such as a d o lly , f o r k l i f t , e tc .) f o r th is w o rk ? 'C h e c k o n e I m a c h in e ry 1. (D e s c rib e ) _________________________ ___ __________________ 2 B . W h ic h be s t de scrib es w h e re y o u w ere w h p n y o u r a c c id e n t o c c u rre d I.2 78 6 5 4 3 9 (Check, o n e .) 1. . □ n N o - n o t e n o u g h space to use it n o - m a te r ia l h a d to be m o v e d b y h a n d 3. □ No 4 □ Ves o th e r reason ( E x p la in ) _____________________________________ LD In sid e tr u c k , tr a ile r , o r ra ilc a r 2. □ T e m p o ra ry sto ra ge (s tag ing ) area o l w a reh ou se 3. O L o n g te rm s to ra ge area o l w areh ou se 4. O L o a d in y d o c k I f yes: a. ( D e s c rib e / ___________________________ 5. □ O th e i area o f w a re h o u s e 6. □ O u td o o r lo c a tio n (o th e r th a n lo a d in g d o c k ) 7. L I O th e r W h a t ty p e o t e q u ip m e n t c o u ld y o u have used? (C he ck a ll th a t a p p ly .) (D e s c rib e ) _______________________________________________ C. W ere y o u at g ro u n d o r flo o r leve l a t th e tim e of y o u r a ccid e n t? 1. □ 2. CD P o w e re d p a lle t ja c k F o r k lif t 3. L J M anual c a rt, h a n d tr u c k , or d o lly (C h e c k o n e .) 4. □ C onveyor 1. 5. □ C rane 6. 0 O th e r: □ Yes 2. L 3 N o —o n p ile d or s ta c k e d m a te ria ls 3. O 4. - O B JEC TS: (C h e c k th e one a n s w e r c lo s e s t to w h a t y o u w ere d o in g ) □ J LL ~ \ IF Y O U W E R E M A N U A L L Y L I F T I N G , C A R R Y IN G . O R M O V IN G A . W h a t w ere y o u d o in g a t th e tim e o f y o u r ac c id e n t? 1. i 1 I o r it i A p p ro v e d O .M .B . N o. 1 2 2 0 (KM 7 A p p r o v a l I x , jr.-s 9 . 3 0 /8 6 □ ( D e s c r ib e ) ____________________________ N o —o n lad de r b N o - o n s ta irs W h y w e r e n 't y o u u sin g it? (C h e ck a ll th a t a p p ly .) LJ D id n o t t h in k it was necessary 5. L ] N o —o n s h e lf o r ra c k 1. 6. □ N o —in o r o n v e h ic le 2. L ] In b a d c o n d itio n o r n o t w o r k in g p r o p e rly 7. D N o -o th e r: (D e s c rib e ) __________________________________________ D. W ha t e q u ip m e n t w e re yo u operatin g o r using a t th e tim e o f y o u r accident? (C h e c k o n e .) 1. □ 3. LD Too m u c h tr o u b le to use 4. CD D id n o t k n o w h o w to o p e ra te 5. O N o t a u th o r iz e d to use th a t ty p e o f e q u ip m e n t 6. □ O th e r: ( D e scrib e ) F o r k lift 2. D P o w e re d p a lle t ja c k 3. O M an ua l c a rt, h a n d tr u c k , o r d o lly 4. CD S h rin k w ra p o r o th e r w ra p p in g m a c h in e 5. CD P la tfo rm o n f o r k l i f t o r cran e to l i f t w o r k e r : 6. D C onveyor 7. □ C rane 8. □ O th e r: 9. □ N o t o p e ra tin g o r u s in g a n y e q u ip m e n t C O N T IN U E W IT H I, B E LO W . fD e s c rib e ) (D e s c rib e ) _______________________________________________ I. E. Was th e lo catio n , e q u ip m e n t or ty p e o i w o rk d iffe re n t in an y w ay fro m W ere th e re a n y c o n d itio n s a t th e w o r k s ite w h ic h y o u fe e l c o n tr ib u te d t o y o u r a cc id e n t? (C h e c k a ll th a t a p p ly .) y o u r n o rm al w o rk? (C h e c k a ll th a t a p p ly .) 1. Q S lip p e r y f lo o r su rfa c e ( D e s c r ib e ) _____________________________ 1. O Yes—u sin g d iff e r e n t e q u ip m e n t 2. □ Yes—w o r k in g a t d iff e r e n t lo c a tio n 2. LD W o r k in g in a lim ite d area o r space Yes—d o in g d iffe r e n t ty p e o f w o r k 3. O No 4. CD L ift in g / h a n d lin g e q u ip m e n t la c k e d sa fe ty fe a tu re s (such as ro ll 5. D C lu tte r e d w o r k area (tra s h ly in g o n flo o r , e tc .) (B e as s p e c ific as p o ssible . F o r e x a m p le : S p ra in e d ba c k lif t in g case o f 6. □ S tru c tu r e was b r o k e n o r in bad c o n d itio n m e rc h a n d is e th a t b ro k e , s tr u c k b y b o x th a t fe ll o f f d o lly , fo o t ru n o ve r b y 7. CD T o o ls o r e q u ip m e n t in b a d c o n d itio n o r n o t w o r k in g p ro p e rly f o r k l i f t th a t w as a c c id e n ta lly a c tiv a te d , e tc .) 8. □ 9. CD N o c o n d itio n s a t w o r k s ite c o n tr ib u te d to in ju r y 3. D 4. □ P o or lig h tin g ba r, o ve rh e a d g u a rd , b a c k u p w a rn in g , e tc .). F. ( E x p la in ) _________ Describe th e events leading to y o u r accid en t J. O th e r: (D e s c rib e )____ W ere th e re a n y o th e r fa c to rs w h ic h y o u fe e l c o n tr ib u te d to y o u r a c cid e n t? (C h e ck a l l th a t a p p ly .) 2. CD W o rk in g w h e n tir e d o r fa tig u e d CD C o -w o rk e r's a c t iv ity : ( E x p la in ) 3. □ 1. 4. P re vio u s p h y s ic a l c o n d itio n : ______________________________ .— ( E x p la in ) CD W o rk in g to o fa st 5. CD W o rk in g u n d e r stress 6. CD Was 7. D L ift in g , c a rry in g , o r m o v in g an o b je c t th a t w as to o heavy 8. □ I n an a w k w a rd p o s itio n careless in w h a t y o u w ere d o in g 9 . CD N o t g ive n p ro p e r tr a in in g o r in s tr u c tio n s fo r jo b 10. CD S a fe ty ru le s were n o t e n fo rc e d 11. CD O th e r: ( D e s c r ib e ) ________________________________________ 12. D N o o th e r fa c to rs c o n tr ib u te d to in ju r y IF Y O U W E R E M A N U A L L Y L I F T I N G . C A R R Y IN G . O R M O V IN G O B JE C T S . C O M P L E T E G A N D H ; CONTINUE ON REVERSE SIDE. I F N O T , G O T O I. B L S 9 8 i (A u g u s t 19 8 4 ) 22 R. W hat typ e o f p ro tectiv e eq u ip m en t were you w e a rin g or u s in g a t th e K. W hat were yo u r injuries? (C h e c k a ll th a t a p p ly .) D 1. 2. □ 3. 4. CD Bruises, c o n tu s io n s CD M uscle sp ra in o r s tra in , 5. D D is lo c a tio n 6. CD 1 . CD H a rd h a t D G loves C uts, lac e ra tio n s , o r p u n c tu re s 2. 3. D to r n lig a m e n ts , o r p u lle d m uscle H ernia 7. D O b je c t in eye(s) 8. CD B ra in con c u s s io n D O th e r: D S a fe ty belt tied o f f w ith lanyard glasses, goggles, or o th e r eye p r o te c tio n CD N o t w ea rin g o r usin g p ro te c tiv e e q u ip m e n t 8. S. W h a t safety train ing ( i f a n y ) d id y o u receive fo r this job? (C h e ck a ll th a t D id y o u r in ju ry cause y o u to lose tim e fro m w o rk b ey o n d the day of □ CD S a fe ty 5. (D e s c rib e ) ____________________________________________ a p p ly .) injury? 1. S te e l-to e d safety shoes o r ste e l-to e d b o o ts 4. 6. CD Seat belt 7 CD O th e r: ( D e s c r ib e ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9. L. tim e o f y o u r accident? (C h eck a ll th a t a p p ly .) F r a c tu r e ( s ) - In d ic a te area(s) b ro k e n (leg, r ib , an k le , etc.) No 2. □ 1. CD F o r k l i f t o p e ra to r tr a in in g course Yes 2. □ 3. CD P ro p e r H o w to o p e ra te o th e r p o w e re d e q u ip m e n t. (D e scrib e 4. CD W hen a n d w h e re to use p r o te c tiv e e q u ip m e n t, (h a rd h a t, safety 5. CD Im p o rta n c e of kee p in g flo o r a n d aisles free o f trash and o th e r objects e q u ip m e n t ) ______________________________________________________ If y « : a. H o w lo n g w ere y o u (o r d o y o u e x p e c t to be) o u t o f w o rk ? shoes, sa fe ty b e lt a n d la n y a rd , etc,) (N O T E : D o n o t c o u n t th e day o f th e in ju ry , (toys on light d u ty w o rk , n o rm al days o ff, o r holidays.) 6. CD P ro v id e d w r itt e n safe job p ro ce d u re s fo r jo b 7. CD O th e r sa fe ty tr a in in g : (D e scrib e) 8. CD N ever rece ive d sa fe ty tra in in g fo r th is jo b __________________________ W o rk d a y s b. H ave y o u re tu rn e d to w o rk ? (C heck o n e .) 1. CD N o —still o f f because o f injury 2. CD Yes—re tu rn e d t o re g u la r jo b duties 3. CD Y e s - r e tu r n e d to r e s tric te d a c t iv ity 4. CD O th e r: (E x p la in ) M. CD N o 2. □ d o in g w he n in ju re d T . I f yo u d id receive safety train ing fo r this job, h o w was it given? (C heck a ll th a t a p p ly .) 4. CD P rin te d m a te ria ls (po sters, CD F ilm s CD O n -th e -jo b tr a in in g CD S a fe ty m eetings 5. D O th e r: (D e s c rib e )__________________________ 1____________________ 1. ( lig h t d u ty ) 2. 3. D id y o u r in ju ry require y o u to be h o spitalized o vernight o r longer? 1. m an ua l lif t in g m e th o d s 6. CD b o o k le ts , etc.) N ever rece ive d sa fe ty tr a in in g fo r th is job Yes U . Does yo u r co m p an y have a labor-m anagem ent c o m m itte e th a t meets on safety issues? (C h eck o n e .) If yes: a. 1. CD No 2. CD Yes 3. CD D o n 't know H o w lon g w ere y o u (o r d o y o u e x p e c t to be) in th e h o s p ita l? V . H o w many people are c u rre n tly e m p lo ye d in the establishm ent w here you w o rk? (C h e ck on e.) N ig h ts N. H o w lo n g had y o u been w o rk in g du rin g y o u r s h ift b efo re y o u r accident □ Less 2. CD 1 to 3. □ 2 to 4. CD 4 to th a n 1 h o u r 2 hours 4 h o u rs □ 1 to 10 e m p lo ye e s CD 11 o r m o re em p lo yee s W. occurred? (C h e c k on e .) 1. 1. 2. H o w do y o u th in k yo u r accid en t co u ld have been prevented? (C heck a ll th a t a p p ly .) CD 6 to 8 h o u rs 6. CD 8 hours or more 7. CD D o n 't re m e m b e r 5. 1. CD M a k in g area safer b e fo re w o r k in g 2. CD M o re o r b e tte r sa fe ty tr a in in g 3. CD U sin g p r o te c tiv e e q u ip m e n t: (D e scrib e) 4 7 6 5 6 hours 4. O. 5. W ha t was y o u r jo b title a t th e tim e o f y o u r accident? (B e s p e c ific : 6. F o r k lif t o p e ra to r, p ic k e r, s e le c to r, o rd e r p u lle r, cle a n u p 7. p e rson , la b o re r, c h e c k e r, e tc .) CD U sing safer w o r k p ro ce d u re s o n y o u r p a rt CD H avin g c o m p a n y e n fo rc e safe work pra ctices CD M o re h e lp to d o jo b CD P ro v id in g m o re o r b e tte r sa fe ty fe a tu re s o n e q u ip m e n t w a rn in g , ove rhe ad gu ard , ro ll ba r, e tc .): 8. 9. P. 10. H o w lo n g had y o u w o rk ed at th is jo b b efo re y o u r accident occurred? 11. (C h eck o n e .) 1. CD Less th a n 1 m o n th 2. CD 1 to 6 m o n th s 3. CD 6 months to 1 year 4. 5. CD 1 CD 5 CD U sing Iiftin g /h a n d lin g e q u ip m e n t CD M o re tim e to d o jo b CD O th e r: (D e scrib e ) ________________________ CD D o n o t th in k it c o u ld ha ve been p re v e n te d to 5 years years o r m o re X. D id y o u r em p lo y e r tak e an y action(s) a fte r y o u r accident to prevent this typ e o f accid en t fro m happening to others? ( C he ck on e.) GL O verall, h o w long had y o u been e m p lo ye d in warehouse jobs? ( In d u d e a ll w a reh ou se jo b s y o u have ha d.) (C h e c k o n e .) 1. □ No 2. CD CD Yes: ( D e scrib e ) 3. 1. □ Less th a n 1 m o n th 4. □ 2. CD 1 to 6 m o n th s CD 6 months to 1 year 5. CD 5 3. (b a c k u p (D e scrib e ) ____________ 1 to 5 years years o r m o re 23 D o n 't k n o w '___________________________________________ Work Injury Reports The following reports may be purchased from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. Cost $9.95 for paper copy, $5.95 for fiche. Add $3 for handling fee. • Survey of Ladder Accidents Resulting in Injuries n t i s Accession No. PB83 207985 (1978) • Survey of Welding and Cutting Accidents Resulting in Injuries n t i s Accession No. PB83 208017 (1978) • Survey of Scaffold. Accidents Resulting in Injuries n t i s Accession No. PB83 208009 (1978) • Survey of Power Saw Accidents Resulting in Injuries n t i s Accession No. PB83 207993 (1978) • Accidents Involving Eye Injuries NTIS Accession No. PB83 182535 (1980) • Accidents Involving Face Injuries n t i s Accession No. PB8° 183335 (1980) • Accidents Involving Head Injuries n t i s Accession No. PB83 183343 (1980) • Accidents Involving Foot Injuries NTIS Accession No. PB83 182527 (1981) • Injuries Related to Servicing Equipment . NTIS Accession No. PB83 182543 (1981) • Back Injuries Associated with Lifting n t i s Accession No. PB83 183285 (1982) • Work-Related Hand Injuries and Upper Extremity Amputations n t i s Accession No. PB83 183319 (1982) The following report is available from the Office of Occupational Safety and Health Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Room 4014, 601 D Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20212. • Injuries in Oil and Gas Drilling and Services Bulletin 2179 (1983) Reports which may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402: • Injuries Resulting From Falls From Elevations Bulletin 2195 (1984), $1.75. • Injuries in the Logging Industry Bulletin 2203 (1984), $1.75. • Injuries Resulting From Falls on Stairs Bulletin 2214 (1984), $1.75. • Injuries to Construction Laborers Bulletin 2252(1986), $1.75. • Injuries to Warehouse Workers Bulletin 2257 (1986), $1.75. 24 BLS Data Diskettes now available BLS data users now can store and manipulate the Bureau’s data series on their personal, IBM-compatible microcomputers The following data diskettes are formatted for use with LOTUS 1-2-3: Monthly Employment, hours, and earnings from the establishment surveynational monthly and annual average data for 256 industrial series for the current year-to-date and the 3 prior years. 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