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IN D U STR Y WAGE SU R VEY Work Clothing I MAY-JUNE 1961 Bulletin No. 1321 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Work Clothing MAY-JUNE 1961 Bulletin No. 13 2 1 February 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U .S. Government Printing Office, Washington 2 5 , D.C. - Price 35 cents Preface This bulletin su m m arizes the results of a su rvey of wages and supplementary p ractices for production w o r k e rs in the w ork clothing manufacturing industry in May— June 1961. Separate re le a s e s for the following States w ere issued within a few months of the p ayroll period to which the data re la te : Alabama, C alifornia, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, M ississippi, M issouri, North Carolina, P e n n sy l vania, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. Copies of these re le a s e s are available from the Bureau of Labor S tatistics, Washington 25, D. C. , or from any of its regional offices. This bulletin was p repared by George L. Stelluto of the Bureau*s Division of Wages and Industrial Relations. Field w ork for the su rve y was directed by the A ssistan t Regional D irectors for Wages and Industrial Relations. 111 Contents P age S u m m a r y ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------In d u stry c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A v e r a g e h o u r ly ea rn in g s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O ccupational e a rn in g s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w age p r o v i s io n s ________________ M in im u m r a t e s _______________________________________________________________ Sch ed u led w e e k ly h o u rs ______________________________________________________ P a id h o lid a y s ________________________________________________________________ P a id v a c a tio n s _______________________________________________________________ Health, in s u r a n c e , and p en sio n p lan s ---------------------------------------------------------Nonproduction b on u ses _______________________________________________________ 1 1 3 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 A p p en d ixes: A. Scope and m ethod of s u r v e y -------------------------------------------------------------------B. O ccupational d e s c r ip tio n s ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 41 T ab le s: 1. A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s : B y s e le c te d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ________________ 2. A v e r a g e h o u r ly ea rn in g s and e m p lo y m e n t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : S e le c te d S ta tes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 E arn in g s d is trib u tio n : 3. W o rk clothing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. D u n g a r e e s _____________________________________________________________ 5. O v e r a ll s and in d u s t r ia l g a rm e n ts ___________________________________ 6. W ash ab le s e r v i c e a p p a re l ____________________________________________ 7. W ork p ants ___________________________________________________________ 8. W o rk s h i r t s ___________________________________________________________ 10 10 11 11 12 12 O ccupational a v e r a g e s : 9. W ork clothing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. B y la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c t c o v e r a g e and e s ta b lis h m e n t s i z e ____ 11. B y la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c t c o v e r a g e and com m u n ity s i z e _______ 12. B y m a j o r p ro d u c t _____________________________________________________ 13 14 18 20 8 O ccupational e a rn in g s : 13. A la b a m a _______________________________________________________________ 14. C a li fo r n i a _____________________________________________________________ 15. G e o r g ia ________________________________________________________________ 16. Indiana ________________________________________________________________ 17. K e n t u c k y _______________________________________________________________ 18. M i s s i s s i p p i ___________________________________________________________ 19. M i s s o u r i ________________________________________________ 20. North C a ro lin a _______________________________________________________ 21. P e n n s y lv a n i a ________ 22. T e n n e s s e e ____________________________________________________________ 23. T exas _________________________________________________________________ 24. V ir g in ia _______________________________________________________________ 32 E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry wage p r o v i s i o n s : 25. M in im u m r a t e s _______________________________________________________ 26. Sch ed u led w e e k ly h o u rs ---------------------------------------------------------------------27. P a id h o lid a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28. P a id v a c a tio n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29. Health, in s u r a n c e , and p en sion p lan s ---------------------------------------- -----30. Nonproduction b on u ses _______________________________________________ 33 34 34 35 36 36 v 22 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Industry Wage Survey— Work Clothing, May— June 1961 Sum m ary E a rn in g s of p rod u ction and r e l a t e d w o r k e r s in the Nation*s w o r k clothing m an u fa c tu rin g in d u s try a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 2 4 an h ou r ( e x c lu s iv e of p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts) in M ay— n e Ju 1 9 6 1 , a cco rd in g to a s u r v e y conducted by the B u reau of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s . 1 This r e f l e c t s an i n c r e a s e of 29 p e rc e n t above the le v e l of ea rn in g s r e c o r d e d in J u l y 1953 ( $ 0 . 9 6 ) , w hen the B u re a u conducted a s i m i l a r study of e a rn in g s and r e l a t e d b en efits in the in d u s try . 2 W om en, c o m p r is in g n e a r l y n in e -te n th s of the in d u s t ry 's p rod u ction w o r k f o r c e , a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 2 1 an h o u r in M ay— n e 1 9 6 1 , c o m p a r e d w ith Ju $ 1 . 4 8 fo r m en . E a rn in g s of the m id d le h a lf of the 5 1 , 5 9 4 p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by the study ra n g ed f r o m $ 1 . 0 4 to $ 1 . 3 7 an h o u r. At the lo w e r end of the ea rn in g s a r r a y , 2 8 . 9 p e rc e n t of the w o r k e r s e a rn e d le s s than $ 1 . 0 5 an h o u r, 45. 5 p e r c e n t le s s than $ 1. 15, and 60. 5 p e rc e n t l e s s than $ 1. 25. E a rn in g s in the S o u th east region , 3 w hich accounted f o r tw o -f if th s of the in d u s t ry 's p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s , a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 1 9 an h o u r. A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n ings in the B o r d e r and Sou th w est re g io n s , each accounting f o r a seven th of the in d u s try 's e m p lo ym en t, w e r e $ 1 . 2 1 and $ 1 . 1 9 , r e s p e c t i v e l y . W o r k e r s in p lants p r i m a r i l y engaged in the m a n u fa c tu re of w o r k pants (the l a r g e s t b ra n c h of the in d u stry) a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 2 1 an h ou r on a nationwide b a s is , c o m p a re d w ith $ 1 . 2 6 in p lan ts m a n u fa ctu rin g d u n g a re e s, and $ 1 . 2 9 in plants producing o v e r a l l s and in d u s t r ia l g a rm e n ts . The h ig h e st l e v e l of e a rn in g s ($ 1. 40) among the in d u s try b ra n c h e s w a s r e c o r d e d in p lants m an u fa c tu rin g w a s h able s e r v i c e a p p a re l. The study als o p r o v id e s in fo rm a tio n on s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly ea rn in g s f o r s e le c te d job c la s s i f i c a t i o n s , as w e ll as data on c e r t a i n e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s , including m in im u m r a t e s of p ay; h o u rs of w o rk ; paid h o lid a y s and v a c a t io n s ; and h ealth , in s u r a n c e , and p en sion b e n e fits. In d u stry C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s W o rk clothing e s t a b lis h m e n ts c o v e r e d by the B u re a u 's study w e r e c l a s s i fie d in fiv e groups b ased on the p red o m in an t p rod u ct: (1) D u n g a re e s, (2) o v e r a l l s and in d u s t r ia l g a rm e n ts (including c o v e r a l l s and o v e r a l l w o r k ja c k e ts ) , (3) w a sh a b le s e r v i c e a p p a re l, (4) w o r k pants, and (5) w o r k s h i r t s . M a n u fa c tu r e r s of w o r k pants e m p lo yed s lig h tly m o r e than tw o -fifth s of the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in the w o r k clothing in d u s t ry in M ay— n e 1 9 6 1 . Ju A p p ro x im a te ly a fo u rth of the w o r k e r s w e r e in plants p r i m a r i l y engaged in the m a n u fa c tu re of d u n g a re e s , a sixth in plants m a n u fa c tu rin g o v e r a l l s and in d u s t r ia l g a rm e n ts , and le s s than a tenth each in plants p r i m a r i l y m an u fa c tu rin g w o r k s h i r t s and w a sh a b le s e r v i c e a p p a re l. 1 See appendix A f o r scope and m ethod of s u r v e y . 2 F o r an account of the e a r l i e r study, se e B LS R e p o r t 5 1 , Wage S t r u c t u r e : W o rk Clothing, J u l y 1 9 5 3 . 3 F o r d efin ition of re g io n s u sed in this study, see footnote 1, ta b le in appendix A. 1 2 F i f t y - f i v e p e r c e n t of the i n d u s t r y ^ w o r k e r s w e r e em p lo yed in e s t a b l i s h m e n ts engaged in the p rod u ction of a sin gle type of g a rm e n t. H o w e v e r, m o r e than t h r e e - f i f t h s of the e m p lo y e e s in the o v e r a l l s and in d u s t r ia l g a rm e n ts b ra n c h and n e a r l y o n e - h a lf in the w o r k pants b ran ch w e r e in e s ta b lis h m e n ts m a n u f a c tu rin g two o r m o r e typ es of w o r k clothing. S i m i l a r p ro p o rtio n s fo r the o th e r in d u s t ry b ra n c h e s w e r e : D u n g arees, t w o - f if t h s ; w o r k s h i r t s , t h r e e - t e n t h s ; and w a s h a b le s e r v i c e a p p a re l, o n e-eig h th . T w o -fifth s of the ind u stry*s p rod u ction w o r k e r s w e r e em p lo yed in the S o u th east region , w ith the B o r d e r and S ou th w est re g io n s each accounting f o r an ad d ition al seven th . T o g eth er, th e s e th r e e sou th ern re g io n s accounted fo r s e v e n tenths o r m o r e of the em p lo ym en t in the d u n g a re e s, w o r k pants, and w o r k s h i r t s b ra n c h e s of the in d u s try , and s lig h tly m o r e than h a lf of the e m p lo ym en t in the o v e r a l l s and in d u s t r ia l g a rm e n ts b ran ch . Only about a th ird of the e m p lo y e e s in the w a s h a b le s e r v i c e a p p a re l b ra n ch w e r e in th e s e th r e e re g io n s . The n u m b er of p rod u ction and r e l a t e d w o r k e r s in the w o r k clothing in d u s t r y had d eclin ed s u b s ta n tia lly sin ce the Bureau*s J u l y 1953 study (fro m about 66, ZO to 5 1 , 6 0 0 ) . O Although the S o u th east and S ou th w est re g io n s accounted f o r m o s t of this d e c r e a s e , the em p lo ym en t le v e l s in each of the o th e r re g io n s in M ay— n e 1 961 w e r e a ls o below th ose r e c o r d e d in J u l y 19 5 3 . The continuing Ju tr e n d to w a rd the u se of "casual" clo th e s, such as s p o rt s h i r t s and s la c k s , as w o rk in g a t t ir e h as undoubtably co n trib u ted to the em p lo y m e n t d eclin e in the i n d u s tr y . A n u m b er of p lants v i s it e d in the sou th ern s e c t o r s of the Nation r e p o r t e d that they had r e c e n t ly c o n v e rte d f r o m the m a n u fa c tu re of w o r k clothing to the p ro d u ctio n of c a s u a l w e a r . B etw een 1953 and 1 961 , the i n c r e a s e s in the l e v e l s of e m p lo y m e n t in the w o r k pants and w a sh a b le s e r v i c e a p p a r e l se g m e n ts of the in d u s try w e r e not su ffic ie n t to o ff s e t the s u b sta n tia l d eclin e in the o th e r in d u s tr y branches. The p r o g r e s s i v e bundle s y s t e m w a s the m a j o r m eth od of p rod u ction ; p lants p re d o m in a n tly u sing the bundle s y s t e m and th ose em p loyin g the lin e s y s t e m accounted f o r about a sixth and a tenth of the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s , r e s p e c t i v e l y . 4 E s ta b lis h m e n ts u sing the p r o g r e s s i v e bundle s y s t e m e m p lo yed o v e r t h r e e - f i f t h s of the p rod u ction w o r k e r s in each of the re g io n s excep t the M iddle A tla n tic and Sou th w est. In the M iddle A tla n tic reg io n , o v e r f o u r - f i f t h s of the w o r k e r s w e r e in plants em p loyin g the bundle s y s t e m ; in the Southw est, n e a r l y h a lf of the w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo yed u n d er the p r o g r e s s i v e bundle s y s t e m and about a th ird u n d er the line s y s t e m . A p p r o x im a te ly th r e e - t e n t h s of the in d u stry*s p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s w e r e in p lants lo c a te d in m e t ro p o lita n a r e a s ; 5 the p ro p o rtio n s ra n g ed f r o m about an eighth in the B o r d e r and Sou th east to a ll in the M iddle A tla n tic re g io n . 4 E s ta b lis h m e n ts w e r e c l a s s i f i e d a c c o rd in g to th e i r m a j o r m ethod of p r o duction as fo llo w s : (1) Line s y s t e m — an o p e ra tio n in w hich p a r t s of g a rm e n ts m o v e down a line as each s e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r p e r f o r m s a s ta n d a rd ta s k on a piece and then p a s s e s it on to the next o p e r a t o r , u s u a lly by m e a n s of a slid e b o a rd o r chute f o r f u r t h e r p r o c e s s in g . (2) Bundle s y s t e m — an o p e ra tio n in w hich bundles of g a rm e n ts o r p a r t s of g a rm e n ts a r e d is trib u te d to in d ivid u al o p e r a t o r s who p e r f o r m one o r m o r e o p e ra tio n s on a n u m b er of id e n tic a l p ie c e s and r e bundle the g a rm e n ts fo r m o v e m e n t to an oth er o p e r a t o r . (3) P r o g r e s s i v e bundle s y s t e m — an o p e ra tio n in which the bundles of g a rm e n ts flow in a lo g ic a l o r d e r of w o r k f r o m o p e r a t o r to o p e r a t o r , each p e r f o r m i n g one o r two a ssig n e d ta s k s on v a r i o u s p ie c e s in the bundle. Sin ce the p ro c e d u r e is s ta n d a rd iz e d , the need fo r checking in and r e a s s ig n in g the w o rk , as u n d er the bundle s y s t e m , is e lim in a te d . 5 S tan d ard M e tro p o lita n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s , as defined by the U . S . B u re a u of the Budget. 3 E s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith c o l le c t i v e b arg ain in g a g re e m e n ts c o v e r in g a m a j o r i t y of th e ir p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s em p lo yed slig h tly m o r e than tw o -f if th s of the in d u s t r y ^ p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in M ay— n e 1 9 6 1 . Ju F o u r - f i f t h s of the w o r k e r s in the P a c if ic , t h r e e - f o u r t h s in the M iddle W est, and t h r e e - f i f t h s in the M iddle A tla n tic and G r e a t L ak es re g io n s w e r e in p lants w ith such c o n tr a c t c o v e r a g e . About tw o -f if th s of the w o r k e r s in the Southw est, th r e e - t e n t h s in the B o r d e r , and a fo u rth in the S o u th east reg io n s w e r e in plants o p e ra tin g u n d e r t e r m s of l a b o r m an a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t s . L a b o r-m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c t c o v e r a g e w a s h ig h e r in m e t r o p o lita n a r e a s than in n o n m e tro p o lita n a r e a s . It w as als o h ig h e r in plants em p loyin g 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s (46 p e rc e n t) than in plan ts em p loyin g 100— 249 w o r k e r s (43 p ercen t) and in p lants em p loyin g 20— w o r k e r s (28 p e rc e n t). 99 W om en accounted f o r a p p ro x im a te ly n in e -te n th s of a ll p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in the in d u s try and in each re g io n . V i r t u a ll y a ll o r a la r g e m a j o r i t y of the sewing m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , in s p e c t o r s , p r e s s e r s , and t h r e a d t r i m m e r s w e r e w om en. W o r k e r s in n e a r l y a ll of th e s e occupations w e r e g e n e r a l ly paid on an in cen tive b asis. Men, on the o th e r hand, p re d o m in a te d in such jo b s as m ach in e c u tt e r s , j a n i t o r s , sew ing m ach in e r e p a i r e r s , s p r e a d e r s , stock c l e r k s , w atch m en , and w ork d istrib u to rs. E m p lo y e e s in th e s e job s w e r e u s u a lly paid on a t i m e - r a t e d b asis. A p p ro x im a te ly f o u r - f i f t h s of the in d u s t r y 1 s p rod u ction w o r k e r s w e r e paid u n d er in cen tive w age s y s t e m s , m o s t co m m o n ly in d ivid u al p ie c e r a t e . The p r o p o rtio n s of w o r k e r s u n d er in cen tive w age plan s v a r i e d f r o m 71 p e rc e n t in the M iddle A tla n tic re g io n to 86 p e r c e n t in the B o r d e r and S o u th east re g io n s . The w ag es of about se v e n - te n th s of the w o r k e r s paid on a t i m e - r a t e d b a s i s w e r e d e t e r m in ed p r i m a r i l y in r e la ti o n to the q u a lific a tio n s of the in d ivid u al e m p lo y e e s ; the r e m a in d e r w e r e about eq u a lly divid ed b etw een w age s y s t e m s that c o n s is te d of a sin gle r a t e fo r each job and s y s t e m s w hich p ro v id e d a ran ge of r a t e s f o r each job. A v e r a g e H o u rly E arn in g s P ro d u c tio n and r e l a t e d w o r k e r s in the w o r k clothing in d u s try a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 2 4 an h o u r in M ay— n e 1 9 6 1 , e x c lu s iv e of p re m iu m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and Ju f o r w o r k on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts (table 1). The e s tim a te d 4 5 , 4 6 0 w o m en in the in d u s t ry a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 2 1 an h ou r, c o m p a r e d w ith $ 1 . 4 8 f o r the 6, 134 m en . E a rn in g s of p rod u ction w o r k e r s in the B o r d e r , S ou th east, and S ou th w est re g io n s , to g e th e r accounting fo r n e a r l y 70 p e r c e n t of the in d u stry*s w o r k f o r c e , a v e r a g e d $ 1 , 2 1 , $ 1 . 1 9 , and $ 1 . 1 9 an h o u r, r e s p e c t i v e l y . Among the o th e r re g io n s fo r w hich s e p a r a t e data a r e p re s e n te d , p r o d u c t io n - w o r k e r a v e r a g e s v a r i e d f r o m $ 1 . 3 2 in the G r e a t L ak es to $ 1 . 4 4 an h ou r in the P a c if ic reg io n . The 12 S ta te s f o r w hich data a r e p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e l y in tab le 2 a c counted f o r a p p r o x im a te ly fo u r - f i f t h s of the i n d u s t r y 1 s e m p lo y m e n t at the tim e of the study. F o llo w in g c l o s e ly the re g io n a l w age p a tte rn s p r e v i o u s l y d e s c r ib e d , a v e r a g e e a rn in g s of p rod u ction w o r k e r s in th e s e 12 S ta te s ran g ed f r o m $ 1. 15 in M i s s is s ip p i to $ 1 . 4 9 in C a li fo r n i a . In m o st re g io n s , a v e r a g e earn in g s in p lants em p loyin g 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s w e r e som ew h at h ig h e r than th ose in the s m a l l e r p la n ts. The a p p aren t an o m aly of the s m a l l e s t e s t a b lis h m e n ts having the h ig h e st w a g e s on a nationwide b a s is r e s u l t s f r o m the d is p r o p o rtio n a te co n c e n tra tio n of the s m a l l e r e s t a b l i s h m en ts in the h ig h e r paying r e g io n s . Thus, the Middle A tla n tic re g io n accounted f o r a sixth of the em p lo ym en t in the 20— 99 e s t a b lis h m e n t - s iz e group, but only 2 p e rc e n t in the l a r g e s t s iz e c l a s s . Nationwide, the p rod u ction w o r k e r s em p loyed in m e t r o p o lita n a r e a s aged $ 1 . 3 3 an h o u r, c o m p a r e d w ith $ 1 . 2 0 fo r w o r k e r s in n o n m e tro p o lita n This g e n e r a l re la tio n s h ip h eld in each of the re g io n s , e xcep t in the B o r d e r w h e r e id e n tic a l a v e r a g e s w e r e r e c o r d e d fo r both c o m m u n ity - s iz e groups the M iddle A tla n tic re g io n w h e r e a ll e m p lo ym en t w a s in m e t r o p o lita n a r e a s . aver areas. S ta te s and in 4 P ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith union c o n tr a c ts a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 3 3 an h o u r, c o m p a r e d w ith $ 1 . 18 f o r w o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n ts in w hich none o r a m i n o r it y of the w o r k e r s w e r e c o v e r e d by such c o n t r a c t s . In the M iddle A tla n tic reg ion , w o r k e r s in nonunion e s ta b lis h m e n ts a v e r a g e d 2 cen ts an h ou r m o r e than w o r k e r s in union e s t a b lis h m e n ts . In a ll o th e r re g io n s fo r w h ich data a r e p re s e n t e d , w o r k e r s in union e s ta b lis h m e n ts h eld a wage ad van tage— ranging f r o m 8 cents an h o u r in the G r e a t L ak es to 25 cen ts in the M iddle W e st. Am ong the fiv e in d u s try b ra n c h e s , n ation al a v e r a g e s ra n g ed f r o m $ 1 . 15 in w o r k s h i r t plan ts to $ 1 . 4 0 in p lan ts p r i m a r i l y engaged in the m a n u fa c tu re of w a sh a b le s e r v i c e a p p a re l. Although pay re la tio n s h ip s among in d u s t r y b ra n c h e s d if fe r e d so m e w h a t f r o m re g io n to region , h ig h e st e a rn in g s w e r e c o n s is te n tly r e c o rd e d f o r the w a s h a b le s e r v i c e a p p a re l b ra n ch . The fo re g o in g c o m p a r is o n s of p rod u ction w o r k e r ea rn in g s do not, of c o u r s e , is o la t e the in flu en ce of each fa c to r as a d e te r m in a n t of w a g e s . An i n t e r r e la tio n s h ip of som e of the v a r i a b l e s h as been su g g ested in the d is c u s s io n of in d u s try c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . R elatin g to a p e rio d , a fe w m onths p r i o r to a change in the F e d e r a l m in im u m wage, e a rn in g s of a l l but a few of the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in the in d u s t r y w e r e w ithin a ran g e of $ 1 to $ 2. 50 an h our (tab le 3). E a rn in g s of the m id d le h a lf of the w o r k e r s f e l l b etw een $ 1 . 04 and $ 1 . 37. A t the lo w e r end of the e a r n ings a r r a y , 2 p e r c e n t of the w o r k e r s earn ed l e s s than $ 1 an h ou r; 2 8 . 9 p e r c e n t l e s s than $ 1 . 05; 45. 5 p e r c e n t l e s s than $ 1 . 15; and 60. 5 p e r c e n t l e s s than $ 1 . 25. A s in d icated in the follow in g tabulation, the p r o p o rt io n of w o r k e r s earn in g l e s s than $ 1 . 15 an hour am ounted to h a lf in the th r e e so u th e rn s e c t o r s , ro u g h ly a th ird in t h r e e n o r t h e r n s e c t o r s , and a fo u rth in the P a c if ic s e c t o r of the in d u s try . Percent of production workers earning less than— Region Middle Atlantic ---------------------Border States------------------------Southeast-----------------------------Southwest-----------------------------Great Lakes--------------------------Middle West--------------------------Pacific--------------------------------- $1.15 an hour $1.25 an hour 30.1 50.0 52.0 53.4 32.5 3 4 .0 26.4 43.3 63.7 68.4 69.5 48.2 46.5 3 6 .8 N e a r ly t h r e e - f o u r t h s of the w o r k e r s ea rn in g le s s than $ 1. 25 an h o u r w e r e w o m en sew ing m ach in e o p e r a t o r s . Although the la r g e m a j o r i t y of th e s e w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo yed u n d er in cen tive w age s y s t e m s , t h e i r e a rn in g s tended to be c o n c e n tr a te d w ith in c o m p a r a t iv e ly n a r r o w li m i t s . A lm o s t h a lf of the i n d u s t r y 1 s w o m en sew ing m ach in e o p e r a t o r s e a rn e d le s s than $ 1. 15 an h o u r and t h r e e - f i f t h s e a rn e d le s s than $ 1. 25. 6 E ffe c tiv e S e p te m b e r 3, 1 961 , the m in im u m w age w a s r a i s e d f r o m $ 1 to $1.15. The F e d e r a l law ap p lies to m a n u fa c tu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n ts engaged in in t e r s t a t e c o m m e r c e . Under sp e c ifie d conditions, w o r k e r s c e r t i f i e d as l e a r n e r s o r handicapped w o r k e r s m a y be paid l e s s than the le g a l m in im u m . 5 O ccupational E arn in g s O ccupational c la s s if ic a t io n s f o r which a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n ings a r e p r e s e n t e d in tab le 9 accounted f o r a p p ro x im a te ly s e v e n - e ig h th s of the p rod u ction w o r k e r s in the in d u s try in May— n e 1 9 6 1 . Ju T h ese c l a s s if ic a t io n s w e r e s e le c te d f o r study b e c a u se of th e i r n u m e r ic a l im p o rta n c e and t h e i r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e n e s s of the job earn in g s s c a le in the in d u stry . The 3 6 , 2 7 1 sew ing m ach in e o p e r a t o r s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 2 2 an h o u r. R e g io n a lly , a v e r a g e h o u r ly earn in g s f o r this occupation ran g ed f r o m $ 1 . 17 an h our in the S o u th east and Sou th w est to $ 1 . 3 9 in the Middle A tla n tic and P a c if ic re g io n s . Am ong the o th e r occupations in w hich w om en accounted f o r v i r t u a l l y a ll o r a la r g e m a j o r i t y of the w o r k e r s , a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s v a r i e d f r o m $ 1. 09 fo r in t e rm e d ia te in s p e c to r s to $ 1 . 2 8 fo r m ach in e u n d e r p r e s s e r s . Sew ing m ach in e r e p a i r m e n , the h ig h est paid occu p ation studied, a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 0 2 an h o u r. F o r the o th e r occupations in which m en accounted f o r a ll o r a la r g e m a j o r i t y of the e m p lo y e e s , a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s ra n g e d f r o m $ 1 . 11 f o r w a tc h m e n to $ 1 . 8 2 f o r m ach in e c u t t e r s . A s in d icated e a r l i e r , w o r k e r s in th e s e occu p ation s w e r e u s u a lly paid on a t i m e - r a t e d b a s is . D ata on o c cu p atio n al ea rn in g s w e r e als o d evelop ed by e s t a b lis h m e n t s iz e , com m u n ity s iz e , and by la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c t c o v e r a g e (tables 10 and 11). In g e n e ra l, occu p atio n al a v e r a g e s w e r e h ig h e r in the l a r g e r than in the s m a l l e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts , h ig h e r in m e t ro p o lita n a r e a s than in n o n m e tro p o lita n a r e a s , and h ig h e r in union plants than in nonunion plants even when c o m p a r is o n s w e r e lim ite d to the s a m e e s t a b lis h m e n t - s iz e and c o m m u n ity - s iz e grou p s. Among the fo u r in d u s try b ra n c h e s f o r which s e p a r a t e data a r e p ro vid ed , occu p ation al a v e r a g e s , w h e r e c o m p a r a b le , w e r e g e n e r a lly h ig h e st in plants m a n u fa c tu rin g o v e r a l l s and in d u s t r ia l g a rm e n ts and lo w e s t in e s ta b lis h m e n ts m a n u f a c tu rin g w o r k s h i r t s o r w o r k pants (table 12). E a rn in g s of in d ivid u al w o r k e r s v a r i e d c o n s id e r a b ly w ith in the sam e job and g e n e ra l geograp h ic lo c a tio n (tables 13— 24, in c lu s iv e ). In m a n y in s ta n c e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r jo b s paid on an in cen tive b a s is , h o u r ly ea rn in g s of the h ig h est paid w o r k e r s ex ceed ed th o se of the lo w e s t paid in the sa m e job and State by $ 1 or m ore. Thus, som e w o r k e r s in a r e l a t i v e l y lo w -p a id job (as m e a s u r e d by the a v e r a g e f o r a ll w o r k e r s ) e a rn e d as much as som e w o r k e r s in jo b s fo r w hich h ig h e r a v e r a g e s w e r e r e c o r d e d ; this is illu s t r a t e d in the follow in g tab u lation of the e a rn in g s of m en m ach in e c u tt e r s and w om en sew ing m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s (w ork pants) in T e n n e s s e e . Number of workers Machine cutters Sewing machine operators, work pai (Men) Average hourly earnings ----Total workers------------------$1.00 $1.20 $1.40 $1.60 $1.80 $2.00 and under $1.20--------and under $1.40--------and under $1.60--------and under $1.80 --------and under $2.00--------and over------------------ (Women) $1.60 82 $1 . 1 6 1,942 4 13 28 11 20 6 1,230 586 110 12 4 6 E s ta b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p le m e n ta ry Wage P r o v i s io n s D ata w e r e a ls o obtained on m in im u m r a t e s , w o r k sc h e d u le s, and s u p p le m e n t a r y b en efits fo r p rod u ction w o r k e r s , including paid h o lid a ys and v a c a tio n s , r e t i r e m e n t p ension p lan s, life in s u r a n c e , s ic k n e s s and accid en t in s u r a n c e , h o s p i ta liz a tio n , s u r g i c a l, and m e d ic a l b e n e fits, and nonproduction b on u ses. M inim um R a t e s . 7 E s ta b lis h e d m in im u m e n tra n c e and job r a t e s fo r t i m e ra t e d p rod u ction w o r k e r s w e r e r e p o r t e d by n in e -te n th s of the w o r k clothing plants v i s it e d (table 25). M in im u m e n tra n c e r a t e s of $ 1 an h ou r w e r e r e p o r t e d by a g r e a t m a j o r i t y of the plants v i s it e d ; h ig h e r e n tra n c e r a t e s w e r e r e p o r t e d by one o r m o r e plants in each re g io n . A m in im u m job r a t e of $ 1 an h ou r w a s c o m m o n ly r e p o r t e d in each of the r e g i o n s ; h o w e v e r , m in im u m job r a t e s of $ 1 . 2 0 o r m o r e an h o u r w e r e r e p o r t e d in a ll re g io n s except the B o r d e r S ta te s . Sch ed u led W eek ly H o u r s . W o rk sch ed u le s of 40 h o u rs a w e e k applied to 93 p e rc e n t of a ll p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s (table 26). N in e-tenth s o r m o r e of the w o r k e r s in each re g io n w e r e sch ed u led to w o r k a 4 0 -h o u r w eek . S m a ll p r o p o r tions of the w o r k e r s in the Sou th east, S outhw est, G r e a t L a k e s, and B o r d e r r e gions had w o r k sch ed u le s of l e s s than 40 h o u rs a w e e k during the p e rio d studied. E x t r a - s h i f t o p e ra tio n s in the w o r k clothing in d u s try w e r e v i r t u a l l y n o n ex isten t. P a id H o lid a y s . About t h r e e - f i f t h s of the in d u s t r y 1 s p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s w e r e p ro v id e d 1 o r m o r e paid h o lid a y s (table 27). R e g io n a lly , the p r o p o rt io n of w o r k e r s ra n g e d f r o m tw o -fifth s in the S o u th east to about n in e -te n th s in the M iddle A tla n tic , M iddle W est, and P a c if ic re g io n s . S ix o r s e v e n paid h o lid a y s an n u ally w e r e m o s t c o m m o n ly p ro v id e d . P a id V a c a t i o n s . N in e-tenth s of a ll p rod u ction w o r k e r s w e r e e lig ib le f o r paid v a c a tio n s a f t e r q u alifyin g p e rio d s of s e r v i c e (table 28). A p p r o x im a te ly f o u r fifth s of the w o r k e r s w e r e in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p ro vid in g 1 w e e k f s v a c a tio n pay a f t e r 1 y e a r of s e r v i c e and t h r e e - f i f t h s r e c e i v e d 2 w e e k s 1 v a c a tio n pay a ft e r 5 y e a r s of s e r v i c e . P r o v i s i o n s f o r m o r e than 2 weeks* v a c a tio n pay w e r e not com m on in the in d u s try . V a c a tio n p r o v is io n s in the M iddle A tla n tic , G r e a t L a k e s, M iddle W est, and P a c if ic re g io n s w e r e so m e w h at m o r e l i b e r a l than th ose r e p o r t e d in the o th e r re g io n s . Health, In su ra n c e , and P e n sio n P l a n s . L ife , h o s p ita liz a tio n , and s u r g i c a l in s u r a n c e , fo r w hich e m p lo y e r s paid at l e a s t p a r t of the c o st, w e r e a v a ila b le to a p p ro x im a te ly s e v e n - te n th s of the i n d u s t r y 1 s p rod u ction w o r k e r s (table 29). A c c i d en tal death and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e and s ic k n e s s and accid en t in s u r a n c e b en efits ap p lied to a p p ro x im a te ly t h r e e - t e n t h s of the w o r k e r s , and about a fifth w e r e c o v e r e d by m e d i c a l in s u r a n c e . R e g io n a lly , the p ro p o rtio n s of the w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g a c c id e n ta l death and d is m e m b e rm e n t, h o s p ita liz a tio n , s u r g i c a l, and m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e w e r e g e n e r a l ly s i m i l a r to those f o r the in d u s t ry as a w h o le ; h o w e v e r, the p e rc e n ta g e of w o r k e r s re c e iv in g life and s ic k n e s s and accid en t i n s u ra n c e v a r i e d c o n s id e r a b ly . To i l l u s t r a t e , life in s u r a n c e b e n e fits w e r e a p p li cab le to tw o -f if th s of the w o r k e r s in the B o r d e r re g io n and to fo u r - f i f t h s in the P a c if ic reg io n . 7 F o r th is study, m in im u m e n tra n c e and job r a t e s a r e d efin ed as the lo w e s t e s ta b lis h e d r a t e s f o r in e x p e r ie n c e d and e x p e rie n c e d t i m e - r a t e d w o r k e r s , r e s p e c t i v e ly , in u n s k ille d o ccu p atio n s, excep t w atch m en , a p p re n t ic e s , handicapped, and su p eran n u ated w o r k e r s . 7 R e tir e m e n t p en sion b en efits (oth er than th ose a v a ila b le u n d er F e d e r a l o ld - a g e , s u r v iv o r s * , and d is a b ility in s u ra n c e ) w e r e p ro v id e d by e s ta b lis h m e n ts em p loyin g 18 p e r c e n t of the p rod u ction w o r k e r s . Among the re g io n s , p r o v is io n s fo r r e t i r e m e n t p en sion s w e r e m o s t com m on in the M iddle A tla n tic and P a c if ic re g io n s , applying to 55 and 45 p e r c e n t of the w o r k e r s , r e s p e c t i v e l y . Nonproduction B o n u s e s . T w o -fifth s of the p rod u ction w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo yed in e s ta b lis h m e n ts which p ro v id e d nonproduction b o n u ses, t y p i c a ll y paid at C h r i s t m a s o r y e a r e n d (table 30). T h ese e s ta b lis h m e n ts accounted f o r n e a r l y t h r e e - f i f t h s of the w o r k e r s in the B o r d e r and P a c ific re g io n s , a p p ro x im a te ly tw o fifth s in the S o u th east and S outhw est, t h r e e - t e n t h s in the G r e a t L ak es region , and le s s than a fo u rth of the prod u ction w o r k e r s in the o th e r two re g io n s . 00 Table 1. Average Hourly Earnings: By Selected Characteristics (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o r k clo th in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r is t i c s , U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , M ay—June 1961) U n ited S ta tes 2 Item N u m ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s M id d le ' A tla n tic N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly ea rn in g s B o r d e r S tates N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s S ou th ea st Numb e r of w ork ers S ou th w est A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s G r e a t L a k es N u m b er of w ork ers A v era ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s M id d le W est N u m b er of w ork ers A v era ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s P a c if i c N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ___________ W om en ____________________________ M en ... .... _ .... 5 1 ,5 9 4 4 5, 460 6, 134 $ 1. 24 1. 21 1. 48 2, 552 2, 192 360 $ 1 . 39 1. 34 1. 70 7, 837 6, 926 911 $ 1 .2 1 1. 19 1. 36 2 0 ,4 4 7 1 7 ,9 8 7 2 ,4 6 0 $ 1 . 19 1. 17 1. 37 7 ,2 7 1 6 ,5 1 8 753 $ 1 . 19 1. 17 1. 38 4 ,7 7 6 4, 201 575 $ 1 .3 2 1. 27 1. 66 5 ,4 3 2 4, 734 698 $ 1. 33 1. 28 1. 63 2, 501 2, 239 262 $ 1 .4 4 1. 38 1. 95 S iz e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t : Z0—99 w o r k e r s ___________________ 100—249 w o r k e r s ________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s __________ 8, 791 1 9 ,2 9 4 2 3 ,5 0 9 1. 28 1. 23 1. 25 1, 502 558 - 1. 42 1 .4 0 - 1 ,4 0 5 1 ,9 3 7 4, 495 1. 18 1. 21 1. 23 2, 029 6, 819 1 1 ,5 9 9 1. 18 1. 15 1. 21 728 3 ,4 6 5 3, 078 1. 13 1. 18 1. 21 1 ,5 1 3 1 ,5 6 4 1 ,6 9 9 1. 31 1. 29 1. 35 796 3, 527 1, 109 1. 35 1. 27 1. 50 508 956 1 ,0 3 7 1 .4 7 1. 50 1. 37 S iz e o f c o m m u n ity : M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s 3 ___________ N o n m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s ________ 1 6 ,1 4 7 3 5 ,4 4 7 1. 33 1. 20 2, 552 - 1. 39 - 1, 042 6, 795 1. 21 1. 21 2, 447 1 8 ,0 0 0 1. 26 1. 18 4 , 299 2 ,9 7 2 1. 23 1. 13 2, 012 2, 764 1. 38 1. 28 1 ,5 9 2 3, 840 1. 45 1. 28 1, 576 925 1. 53 1. 29 L a b o r-m a n a g e m e n t co n tr a c ts : E s ta b lis h m e n t s w ith — M a jo r it y c o v e r e d ____________ N one o r m in o r it y c o v e r e d __ 2 1 ,7 2 9 2 9 ,8 6 5 1. 33 1. 18 1 ,5 2 2 1, 030 1. 38 1. 40 2, 405 5, 432 1. 36 1. 15 4, 879 1 5 ,5 6 8 1. 26 1. 17 2, 966 4, 305 1. 26 1. 14 2, 921 1 ,8 5 5 1. 35 1. 27 4, 232 1, 200 1. 38 1. 13 2, 083 - 1 .4 4 - 1 2 ,0 0 7 1. 26 - 1. 27 1 .4 3 1 .4 6 1. 27 - 1. 36 1. 53 M a jo r p r o d u c t : D u n g a r e e s _______________________ O v e r a lls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s _______________________ W a sh a b le s e r v i c e a p p a r e l -------W o rk pa n ts ______________________ W ork s h ir t s _____________________ 8, 7 18 3, 875 2 2 ,5 8 9 4 ,4 0 5 1. 29 1 .4 0 1. 21 1. 15 662 920 557 - P r e d o m in a n t m e th o d o f p ro d u c t io n : L in e s y s t e m _____________________ B u n d le s y s t e m ___________________ P r o g r e s s i v e b u n d le s y s t e m ___ 5 ,7 3 4 8 ,4 3 7 3 7 ,4 2 3 1. 20 1. 29 1. 24 2, 108 444 1 2 3 - - 3, 223 1. 17 3, 778 1. 22 1 ,6 2 8 1, 247 2, 929 - 1. 34 1. 23 - 2 ,6 6 4 853 1 0 ,3 3 2 2, 820 1. 1. 1. 1. 19 31 19 12 4, 269 - 296 557 6, 984 1. 11 1. 18 1. 22 1, 232 1 ,6 0 7 1 7 ,6 0 8 1. 20 1. 15 1. 19 2 ,6 1 8 1 ,2 9 8 3, 355 - 588 1. 31 1 ,8 7 8 1. 35 - 1. 19 - 1 ,9 3 5 589 1 ,2 4 6 - 1. 35 1 .4 1 1. 24 - 847 7 08 1, 605 394 1. 27 1 .4 7 1. 25 1. 36 1 ,4 6 8 - 1. 28 - 1. 19 1. 17 1. 20 545 1 ,2 1 0 3, 021 1. 18 1 .4 1 1. 30 913 626 3, 893 1. 24 1. 49 1. 32 939 1 ,5 6 2 1. 34 1. 50 - E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . In clu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . F o r d e fin it io n o f r e g io n s show n in th is o r s u b se q u e n t t a b le s , s e e fo o tn o te 1, ta b le in a p p en d ix A . T he t e r m " m e t r o p o li t a n a r e a " a s u s e d in this study r e f e r s to the S tandard M e t r o p o lit a n S t a tis t ic a l A r e a s e s t a b lis h e d u n d er the s p o n s o r s h ip o f the U. S. B u r e a u o f the B u d get. NOTE: D a s h e s in d ic a t e n o da ta r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r ia . Table 2. Average Hourly Earnings and Employment Characteristics: Selected States (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 and p e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o r k clo th in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , 12 s e l e c t e d S ta tes , M ay 1961) P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in e s t a b lis h m e n t s a c c o r d in g to— N um ber of w o r k e rs State A la b a m a _____________ C a lifo r n ia G e o r g i a ___ ___________ Indiana _______________ K e n t u c k y _____________ M i s s i s s ip p i _________ M i s s o u r i _____________ N orth C a r o l i n a ______ P e n n s y lv a n ia ________ T e n n e s s e e __________ T e x a s _________________ V ir g in ia _____________ 1 1 ,4 7 5 1 ,8 3 0 5 ,7 1 3 2, 640 3 ,9 1 1 4, 348 4 , 153 2, 754 1 ,9 3 3 6, 154 4, 046 2, 836 A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 $ 1. 24 1 .4 9 1. 20 1. 33 1. 26 1. 15 1. 37 1. 20 1. 35 1. 19 1. 20 1. 16 M a jo r p r o d u ct O v e r a lls W a sh a ble and D u n g a rees se r v ice in d u s t r ia l a p p a re l g a r m e n ts 43 25 7 16 28 9 27 28 14 26 21 74 26 13 17 45 26 10 27 34 9 - 6 _ 16 10 6 5 17 - 16 5 3 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , NOTE: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , P r o d u c t io n m e th o d W ork pa nts W ork s h ir t s B u n d le sy stem 20 46 66 21 36 54 36 38 29 47 76 18 11 7 51 16 30 12 4 15 h o lid a y s , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n ot eq u a l 100. - 12 5 38 9 7 7 13 - “ L in e sy stem - 10 - 8 - 17 - _ 88 7 28 “ 10 21 " and la te s h ift s . - P ro g r e s s iv e b undle sy stem 93 49 73 70 80 96 68 100 12 83 51 100 C o m m u n ity s iz e M e tro p o lit a n a rea s N o n m e t ro p o lit a n a rea s 7 84 7 41 93 16 93 59 100 96 65 70 _ 4 35 30 100 15 60 9 85 40 91 E s ta b lis h m e n t s iz e 2 0 -9 9 w ork ers 18 26 14 21 8 5 13 15 54 5 11 20 1 0 0 -2 4 9 w ork ers 33 44 24 26 37 60 30 20 30 37 13 250 or m ore w ork ers 82 42 42 55 67 59 27 54 25 65 52 67 L a b o r -m a n a g e m e n t co n t r a c t c o v e r a g e N one o r M a jo r it y m in o r it y of w ork ers of w ork ers cov ered cov ered 17 77 15 73 41 31 87 14 57 33 39 15 83 23 85 27 59 69 13 86 43 67 61 85 (P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in d u n g a re e m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , M a y -J u n e 1961) (P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o rk clo th in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly ea rn in g s , 1 U n ited S ta te s and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , M a y -J u n e 1961) U n ited S ta tes 2 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 T ota l U n der $ 1 .0 0 _______________ W om en M en 2. 0 2. 3 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1. 20 and and and and and under und e r u n d er u n d er under $ 1 . 0 5 ___ $ 1. 1 0 ___ $ 1 . 1 5 ___ $ 1. 2 0 ----$ 1 .2 5 — 26. 9 7. 6 9. 0 7 .9 7. 1 28. 8 7 .9 9 .0 8. 2 7. 3 12. 5. 9. 5. 5. 2 5 0 3 8 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1. 30 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under u n d er under und e r under $ 1. 30 ___ $ 1 . 3 5 ___ $ 1 .4 0 ----$ 1 . 4 5 ----$ 1. 50 ----- 6. 5. 5. 4. 3. 6 8 2 1 1 6. 6 5 .9 5. 3 4. 0 3. 1 6. 5. 4. 4. 3. 5 2 6 2 3 $ 1. 50 $ 1. 60 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 . 80 $ 1 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 6 0 ----$ 1 .7 0 ----$ 1. 80 ----$ 1 . 9 0 ----$ 2 . 0 0 ----- 4. 7 3. 2 1 .9 1. 5 .9 4. 4 2. 8 1. 7 1 .0 . 6 7. 6. 3. 5. 3. $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2. 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2. $2. $2. $ 2. $ 2. . . . . . . . . . . M id d le B o r d e r S ou th A tla n tic States e a st o Table 4. Earnings Distribution: Dungarees Table 3. Earnings Distribution: Work Clothing Sou th w e st G re a t M id d le P a c ific L a k e s W est U n ited S ta tes 2 B o r d e r S ou th S ou th east S tates w est A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 T ota l U n der $ 1 .0 0 _ ............. - 2. 2 W om en M en 2. 5 0. 2 2. 6 G rea t M id d le L a k es W est T ota l ---------------- ------------------------ N u m ber o f w o rk e r s --------- A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1— 7 5 4 2 1 .6 0. 7 16. 3. 9. 5. 7. 3 6 5 4 8 2. 3 2. 6 3. 2 5 6 1 4 4 6. 5. 5. 4. 3. 5 6 2 5 5 7. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1 6 1 2 3 5. 5. 5. 4. 2. 0 2 3 0 3 6. 5. 4. 3. 3. 9 7 4 9 7 10. 0 7. 2 6 .4 5. 3 3. 7 8. 8. 6. 6. 4. ------------— ----- 5. 3 3. 8 2. 3 2. 0 1 .0 5. 3. 2. 1. . 4 2 1 2 7 4. 4 8. 9 3. 8 8. 0 2 .9 3. 1. 1. . . 1 8 2 3 7 4. 2. 1. 1. . 5 9 7 5 7 6. 8 4. 1 1 .4 1. 3 .2 — --------— —— . . . . . . . . . . 5 4 2 1 1 2. 3 2. 6 1. 7 1. 0 1 .4 . . . . - 2 2 2 1 . . . . . 6 3 1 1 1 . 1 .7 . 1 . 5 .2 3. 0 ( 3) 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 --------- 12,007 10,677 1, 330 3, 223 3, 778 1, 628 588 1, 878 $ 1. 26 $ 1. 23 $ 1. 48 $ 1. 17 $ 1. 22 $ 1 . 27 $ 1. 31 $ 1 . 35 8. 0 6. 8 6. 1 5. 5 3 .9 8. 6. 6. 5. 4. 3 1 6 2 8 5. 5. 5. 4. 4. 8 6 2 6 7 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1. 30 $ 1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er $ 1. 30 — $ 1. 3 5 ----$ 1. 4 0 ----$ 1 .4 5 — $ 1 .5 0 — 6. 5. 5. 4. 3. 3. 7 2. 5 1 .0 .9 .4 7. 4. 2. 2. 1. 0 0 6 5 5 6. 4 5. 4 2. 7 2. 8 1 .4 8. 7. 6. 3. 2. 3 2 7 8 2 $ 1. 50 $ 1. 60 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1. 80 $ 1 .9 0 and and and and and u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er $ 1. 60 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2. 00 .4 . 2 . 2 (3) . 1 .5 . 3 . 2 . 1 ( 3) 1. . 1. . . 2 6 3 3 1 . . . . . 2. 1. . . 1. 7 2 8 4 1 $ 2. $2. $2. $ 2. $ 2. and and and and and u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er $ 2. $2. $2. $ 2. $ 2. .2 . 2 5. 0 5. 1 5 .9 5. 2 3. 4 6. 6. 4. 3. 2. 3 2 8 1 5 6. 5. 4. 2. 2. 2 2 4 8 1 1 1 9 1 0 7. 0 6. 2 3. 8 2 .9 1 .7 4. 7 2. 5 1. 7 .9 1 .0 3. 3 1 .9 1. 1 .8 . 3 4 2 2 1 1 2. 8 2. 2 2. 2 1 .0 .7 1 .7 2. 2 .4 . 3 . 5 . 3 . 3 . 1 ( 3) . 1 4. 2 2. 5 ( 3) 1. 8 15. 7. 8. 8. 7. 4 0 3 6 1 .5 7 6 7 5 2 1. 3 3. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 4 5 ,4 6 0 6, 134 2, 552 7, 837 20,447 7, 271 4, 776 5, 432 2, 501 B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , 12. 1 6. 3 11. 6 7. 3 9 .9 2 5 .9 7. 3 8. 8 7. 4 6. 5 $ 1 . 19 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, 2 I n clu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: 17. 7 7. 1 6. 6 8. 8 1 1 .6 $ 1 . 0 5 ----$ 1 . 1 0 ----$ 1 . 1 5 ----$ 1 .2 0 ----$ 1 .2 5 ----- 9 .4 4. 5 4. 7 5. 7 3. 1 $ 1. 21 28. 1 7. 8 10. 1 7. 8 5 .9 u n d er undet u n d er u n d er under 1 5 0 1 0 $ 1 . 39 36. 4 9 .0 9. 8 8. 1 4. 4 and and and and and 34. 8. 9. 8. 8. $ 1 .4 8 0 3 8 2 2 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1. 20 2 9 3 8 6 $ 1. 21 0. 7 12. 5. 9. 4. 6. 0. 2 18. 7 3. 6 3 .9 5. 4 5. 0 30. 8. 10. 8. 7. 5 1 ,5 9 4 $ 1. 24 2 .9 7 5 7 8 5 1. 6 20. 6 5. 1 6. 7 5 .9 6. 6 1. 8 4 5 8 7 0 29. 8. 9. 7. 6. 27. 7. 8. 7. 6. A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 — $ 2 .5 0 and o v e r 1 0 ----2 0 ----3 0 ----4 0 ----5 0 ----- 0. 1 $ 1 . 19 $ 1 . 32 h o lid a y s , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u al 100. $ 1 . 33 and la te 00 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40 50 $ 2 . 50 and o v e r ---------------T o ta l ------------ N u m b er o f w o r k e r s 7 6 4 2 2 20. 6 5 .9 7. 3 5. 2 5. 6 5 0 3 5 6 5 .9 4. 7 5. 1 3. 6 3. 2 5. 7. 3. 5. 2. 8. 2 3. 2 2. 6 1 .9 .7 . . . . - 9 3 5 2 6 5 7 4 2 .9 1.0 1. 3 .6 .2 . 1 - . 2 _ .7 1. 2 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 $ 1 .4 4 sh ifts . 1 and la te 2 3 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , s h ift s . In clu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B ecau se of rou n d in g , su m s of in d iv id u a l it e m s m ay n ot h o lid a y s , eq u al 100. Table 5. Earnings Distribution: Overalls and Industrial Garments Table 6. Earnings Distribution: Washable Service Apparel ( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in o v e r a ll and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t m a n u fa c tu r in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s by a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s ,1 U n ited S ta tes and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , May— June 1961) (P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w a s h a b le s e r v i c e a p p a re l m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s ,1 U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , M ay—June 1961) U n ited S ta tes 2 M id d le A tla n tic A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 T ota l ______________ 1. 3 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1. 05 $ 1. 10 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 .2 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 0 5 __ $ 1 . 1 0 __ $ 1. 15 ___ $ 1 .2 0 $ 1. 25 24. 0 6. 1 8. 5 7 .6 7. 0 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under u nd e r under unde r under $ $ $ $ $ 1. 30 ___ 1. 3 5 ___ 1 . 4 0 __ 1 . 4 5 __ 1. 5 0 __ 6. 5. 5. 4. 4. $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 and and and and and unde r unde r unde r under under $ 1 . 6 0 __ $ 1. 7 0 ___ $ 1 . 8 0 __ $ 1 . 9 0 ___ $ 2 . 0 0 __ ; $ 2 . 00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 1 0 __ $ 2 . 20 ___ $ 2 . 30 ___ $ 2 . 4 0 __ $ 2 . 5 0 __ U n der $ 1 . 0 0 $ 2. 50 and o v e r ___________ T ota l ________________ W om en 1. 5 M en 0. 5 B order Sta tes 0. 7 S outh east 1. 0 G re a t L a k es M id d le W est U n ited S ta tes 2 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 T o ta l U n d er $ 1 . 0 0 ______________ W om en M en M id d le A tla n tic South ea st G rea t L a k es M id d le W est 1. 3 1. 2 3 5 8 0 2 8. 4. 6. 4. 5. 7 1 3 8 4 9. 1. 16. 5. 4. 2 1 2 4 8 15. 5. 5. 6. 7. 1 6 6 3 9 36. 8. 10. 7. 6. 7 5 7 5 6 14. 4 4 .9 6. 2 10. 5 7. 7 14. 8 7 .7 7. 8 6. 1 10. 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 5 $ 1. 10 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1. 20 and and and and and u n d er unde r u n d er u n d er u n d er $ 1. 05 ___ $ 1 . 1 0 __ $ 1 . 15 ___ $ 1. 20 ___ $ 1. 25 ___ 12. 5. 8. 4. 6. 2 1 9 5 7 13. 5. 9. 4. 6. 7 5 3 6 5 0. 2. 6. 4. 8. 6 1 4 1 3 8. 2. 7. 4. 11. 3 7 5 1 6 11. 8. 9. 7. 7. 7 7 5 6 2 4 1 6 8 0 6 .4 5. 1 5. 9 4. 8 4. 3 6. 5. 4. 4. 2. 5 1 1 7 2 9. 3. 3. 5. 5. 8 3 5 0 1 3. 5. 9. 9. 8. 4 3 5 8 1 5. 4. 3. 2. 2. 5 8 9 7 2 6. 6. 6. 5. 4. 12. 8. 8. 6. 4. 8 0 3 6 6 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and u n d er unde r u n d er under under $ 1 . 3 0 __ $ 1 . 3 5 __ $ 1 . 4 0 __ $ 1 .4 5 $ 1. 50 7. 6. 6. 6. 4. 7 7 9 0 2 7. 7. 7. 6. 4. 8 2 5 0 5 7. 2. 2. 6. 1. 0 8 3 2 9 11. 5. 6. 5. 2. 1 3 0 5 7 8. 8. 7. 4. 4. 2 4 5 7 5 5. 10. 5. 9. 3. 9 7 1 2 4 9. 8. 14. 11. 9. 6. 3. 2. 2. 1. 0 9 7 0 5 5. 3. 2. 1. . 3 9 2 5 9 10. 4. 5. 4. 5. 9 1 7 7 2 10. 7. 4. 5. 3. 4 3 1 3 3 8. 4. 3. 3. 3. 6 8 1 0 0 3. 6 2. 4 1 .4 .5 . 3 7 .9 4. 8 3. 3 2. 6 2. 0 5. 1 1 .8 3. 2 .6 .4 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 and and and and and u n d er u n d er unde r under u n d er $ 1. 6 0 $ 1. 7 0 $ 1. 8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 __ __ ___ — ___ 7. 6. 4. 2. 1. 8 7 3 8 3 8. 6. 4. 2. 1. 2 5 5 4 2 5. 3 7. 9 3. 2 5. 5 1 .9 7. 8. 4. 2. 1. 1 0 6 1 5 8. 6. 2. 1. . 6 0 1 8 7 7. 4. 3. 4. 1. 3 4 9 9 2 12. 4 7. 9 2. 4 2. 1 1 .7 . . . . . 9 4 7 3 2 . . . . . 5 2 2 1 1 3. 5 1. 5 4. 3 1 .4 .6 . 1. . . . 6 1 5 2 5 . . . . . 1. 7 .6 1 .9 .4 .2 .9 . 1 . 1 and and and and and u n d er under u n d er under u n d er $ 2 . 1 0 __ $ 2 . 20 ___ $ 2 . 3 0 __ $ 2 . 4 0 __ $ 2 . 5 0 __ 2. 1. . . . 0 6 9 7 3 1. . . . . 5 9 4 2 2 6. 6. 4. 3. 1. 3. 3. . . . 5 5 8 5 4 1. . . . . 6 6 2 1 1 1 .4 1. 9 3. 2 - $ 2 . 00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2. 40 $ 2 . 5 0 and o v e r ___________ 1. 5 2. 3 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 26. 6. 8. 8. 7. - _ . 1 - 5 1 3 1 2 8 1 9 1 5 - .9 . 1 6. 1 3. 0 . 1 .4 .3 _ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 T o ta l ________________ 1. 0 1. 1 - 0. 2 - 0 6 5 8 3 1. 8 .4 12. 2 3. 2 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 5. 8 0. 3 7. 0 2. 9 7. 6 4. 6 7. 6 3. 7 1 .7 2. 7 2. 0 3. 5 _ .5 _ . . . 1. . 9 3 5 2 5 7 7 4 8 3 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s _______ 8, 718 7, 560 1, 158 662 1 ,2 4 7 2, 664 1 ,9 3 5 847 N u m b er o f w o r k e r s _______ 3, 875 3, 406 469 920 853 589 708 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1. . $ 1. 29 $ 1. 25 $ 1 . 56 $ 1 .4 3 $ 1. 34 $ 1 . 19 $ 1 . 35 $ 1. 27 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1- . $ 1 .4 0 $ 1. 34 $ 1 .7 8 $ 1. 46 $ 1. 31 $ 1 .4 1 $ 1 .4 7 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 I n c lu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts. 2 In clu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n ot eq u a l 100. B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n ot eq u al 100. Table 7. Earnings Distribution: Work Pants Table 8. Earnings Distribution: Work Shirts (P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o r k s h ir t s m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 U nited S ta tes and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , M ay—J une 1961) (P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o r k pants m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s , 1 2 U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , M ay—June 1961) U n ited S ta tes 2 M id d le A tla n tic A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 T o ta l U n d er $ 1 .0 0 _______________ $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1. 20 and and and and and under u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er $ 1 . 0 5 ___ $ 1 . 1 0 ___ $ 1 . 1 5 ----$ 1. 2 0 ___ $ 1 . 2 5 ___ $ 1 .2 5 $ 1. 30 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and u n d er under u n d er under u n d er $ $ $ $ $ 1. 30 ___ 1 . 3 5 ___ 1 . 4 0 ___ 1 . 4 5 ----1. 5 0 ----- $ 1 .5 0 $ 1. 60 $ 1. 70 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 and and and and and under under u n d er u n d er under $ $ $ $ $ 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2. 0 0 $ 2. $2. $2. $ 2. $ 2. and and and and and under under under under under $ 2. $2. $2. $ 2. $ 2. 00 10 20 30 40 $ 2. 50 and o v e r T ota l ----___ ___ ----___ 1 0 ----2 0 ----3 0 ----4 0 ----5 0 ----- ---------------- ------------------------ 2. 2 W om en 2. 5 M en 0. 1 2. 5 B order S ta tes 2 .9 S outh ea st 3. 0 28. 8. 9. 8. 7. 4 4 2 8 7 30. 8. 9. 9. 8. 3 7 1 1 0 14. 6. 10. 6. 5. 7 1 2 3 4 18. 3 5. 4 7. 5 8. 3 9 .0 24. 8. 8. 8. 7. 7 8 8 4 5 27. 8. 10. 9. 8. 5 7 0 8 7 6. 6. 5. 3. 2. 8 5 2 6 8 7. 6. 5. 3. 2. 0 6 2 5 6 6. 5. 5. 4. 4. 0 9 0 3 1 1 0 .6 5. 9 6. 8 8. 8 2. 7 6. 5. 6. 5. 3. 0 7 0 2 0 6. 7. 5. 3. 2. 8 5 5 2 4 3. 8 2. 3 1. 3 1 .0 . 5 3. 3 1. 8 1 .0 . 5 . 3 7. 5. 3. 4. 2. 3 3 5 0 4 4. 5 3. 1 2. 7 .9 .9 . . . . . . 2 . 1 . 1 ( 3) 2. 1. 1. . . 6 8 2 5 4 . . . . 5 3 2 1 1 .4 ( 3) 3. 1 7 5 2 2 S ou th w est G re a t L a k es 29. 5. 5. 7. 5. 8 7 4 3 2 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1. 20 and and and and and u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er $ 1 . 0 5 ----$ 1 . 1 0 ----$ 1 .1 5 ----$ 1 .2 0 ----$ 1. 2 5 ----- 40. 9. 10. 8. 6. 3 8 0 0 7 42. 9. 10. 8. 6. 2 8 1 2 8 5. 7 5. 4 4. 1 2. 6 1 .9 9 .0 5. 7 5. 3 3. 9 2. 6 8. 5 5. 8 4. 2 3. 7 4 .9 7. 6. 5. 4. 5. 2 4 8 4 2 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1. 30 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er $ 1. 30 ----$ 1 .3 5 ----$ 1 .4 0 ----$ 1 . 4 5 ----$ 1 . 5 0 ----- 5. 3. 3. 2. 1. 3 3 2 3 6 5. 3. 2. 2. 1. 4. 3. 1. 1. . 5 5 2 2 6 5. 5 4. 4 2. 2 1 .8 .9 $ 1. 50 $ 1. 60 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 and and and and and u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2. 00 --------------------- 3. 1. . . . 0 6 7 7 5 2. 1. . . . .4 . 3 .4 .7 .6 .5 and and and and and u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er $ 2. $2. $2. $ 2. $ 2. ----—_ . --------- . 2 . 1 . 2 (3) ( 3) .4 .6 . 1 .4 . 2 .2 . . . . 7 2 2 1 . . . . 0 ( 3) _ .2 - - . 3 . 3 $ 2. $2. $2. $ 2. $ 2. 1 .9 .7 $ 2 . 50 and o v e r 7 2 3 2 - - .4 . 2 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 22,5 89 19,791 2, 798 557 2 ,9 2 9 10,332 4, 269 1, 246 1, 605 1, 468 00 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40 50 M en 2. 8 0. 5 4. 7 3. 3 1. 4 1 .9 1 .0 .5 2. 5 U n der $ 1 .0 0 W om en 33. 4 4. 4 6. 3 7. 2 6 .9 4 3 1 8 6 - T o ta l 1. 7 3. 2. 1. . . S ou th e a st A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 21. 6 12. 4 11. 1 7. 8 4 .9 2. 8 1. 3 1 .0 .7 . 3 - U nited S ta tes 2 P a c ific 6 1 8 1 2 1. 6 34. 9. 9. 8. 7. 5. 6 2. 8 1 .9 .9 .7 " M id d le W est 3. 2 M id d le W est 1. 3 5 5 4 5 8 42. 11. 11. 8. 6. 7 4 2 1 7 11. 4. 9. 10. 7. 2 8 6 7 6 0 4 8 2 3 7. 9 2. 6 6. 9 2 .9 5. 3 4. 3. 2. 1. 1. 4 0 7 6 1 6. 5. 5. 5. 3. 3 3 6 6 8 8 2 4 5 3 5. 3 5. 8 3. 4 2. 6 2 .9 2. . . . . 1 7 2 4 1 8 .9 6 .9 4. 1 3. 3 2. 3 . 1 1. 1 1. 1 1. 6 . 3 - - . 1 - (3) 19. 9. 8. 5. 5. (3) . 2 - - . . . . . 5 3 8 3 3 . 2 ( 3) 1. 6 . 1 .8 100. 0 ------------— T o ta l 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 ---------- A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 — $ 1. 21 $ 1 .1 8 $ 1 .4 1 $ 1 . 27 $ 1 . 23 $ 1 . 19 $ 1 . 19 $ 1. 24 $ 1. 25 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 In c lu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l 100, --------- 4, 405 4, 026 379 2, 820 394 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 — N u m ber o f w o rk e r s $ 1 . 15 $ 1 . 13 $ 1 . 34 $ 1 .1 2 $ 1 . 36 N um ber of w o rk e rs $ 1. 28 1 and la te 2 3 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , sh ifts . I n clu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u al 100. Table 9. Occupational Averages: W ork Clothing (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k clo th in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M ay— June 1961) U n ited S tates 2 O c c u p a t io n and s e x C u t t e r s , m a c h in e (21 w o m e n and 803 m e n ) ______________________ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (i n s p e c t o r s o n ly ) (507 w o m e n and 20 m e n ) _________ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (a n d th r e a d t r i m m e r s ) (2 ,0 3 1 w o m e n and 2 m e n ) _______________________________ I n s p e c t o r s , in te r m e d ia t e (i n s p e c t o r s o f p a r t s ) (60 w o m e n and 4 m e n ) __________________________ J a n it o r s _______________________________ W om en _____________________________ M en ________________________________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , hand (201 w o m e n and 23 m e n ) _________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e ________ W om en _______________ ___________ M en ________________________________ R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a c h in e (a ll m e n ) ____________________________ S ew in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (3 6 , 196 w o m e n and 75 m e n ) ______ D u n g a r e e s (8 , 142 w o m e n and 19 m e n ) ____________________ O v e r a l ls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s (4 , 447 w o m e n and 9 m e n ) ______________________ W a sh a b le s e r v i c e a p p a r e l (2 ,4 7 5 w o m e n and 39 m e n ) ___ W o rk pa n ts (1 4 , 340 w o m e n and 5 m e n ) ______________________ W o rk s h ir t s (4 , 536 w o m e n and 2 m e n ) _________^__________________ O th er (2 , 256 w o m e n and 1 m a n ) ____________________________ S p r e a d e r s (17 w o m e n and 416 m e n ) _____________________________ S to ck c l e r k s (18 w o m e n and 263 m e n ) ____________________________ T h r e a d t r i m m e r s (c le a n e r s ) (3 2 4 w o m e n and 10 m e n ) _________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , hand _______________ W om en M en ________________________________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h in e __________ W om en _____________________________ M en ________________________________ W a tch m en (a ll m e n ) _________________ W ork d i s t r ib u t o r s ___________________ W om en M en 1 2 N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s M id d le A tla n tic N u m b er of w ork ers A v era ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s A v era ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s S ou th w est S ou th ea st N u m b er of w ork ers A v era ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers G reat L akes A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 824 $ 1 .8 2 40 $ 2 . 09 134 $ 1 .7 1 256 $ 1 . 65 97 $ 1 .6 6 105 527 1. 23 16 1. 13 21 1. 44 206 1. 18 126 1. 16 _ 2, 033 1. 21 70 1. 18 425 1. 18 889 1. 17 259 1. 16 185 1. 32 64 490 150 340 1. 1. 1. 1. - - 09 13 08 15 9 224 1 ,0 5 2 667 385 1. 27 1. 32 1. 26 1 .4 2 25 51 32 19 1. 1. 1. 1. 9 - - 1. 17 - 1. 17 25 60 40 95 49 23 26 - - - 1. 35 1. 28 1 .4 2 1. 06 1. 02 1. 08 133 512 270 242 - 136 70 66 - 190 67 123 1. 09 1. 14 1. 05 1. 1. 1. 1. 26 26 17 37 M id d le W est N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s P a c if i c N u m b er of w ork ers A vera g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s $ 2 . 01 114 $ 1 .9 3 62 _ 118 1. 36 _ 115 1. 31 70 1 .4 6 _ _ $ 2 . 29 _ 35 92 34 58 1. 1. 1. 1. 09 08 06 09 _ 54 17 37 1. 22 1. 16 1. 24 79 _ 75 _ 1. 28 _ 1. 28 9 _ 1. 41 _ 6 1. 43 11 164 136 28 1. 1. 1. 1. 32 22 22 21 27 75 72 _ 1. 29 1. 35 1. 36 _ 22 85 66 19 1. 29 1 .4 8 1 .4 3 1. 65 _ 23 20 _ _ 1. 61 1. 55 _ - 459 2. 02 13 2. 42 61 1 .8 0 192 1. 94 65 2. 03 49 2. 04 53 2. 10 20 2. 65 3 6 ,2 7 1 1. 22 1 ,7 0 6 1. 39 5 ,7 0 5 1. 20 1 3 ,8 8 1 1. 17 5, 196 1. 17 3, 390 1. 28 3, 943 1. 28 1 ,8 4 9 1. 39 8, 161 1. 25 183 1. 55 2, 230 1. 19 2, 559 1. 22 942 1. 23 518 1. 27 1 ,2 0 6 1. 30 _ _ 1. 33 1, 145 1. 20 - _ 1, 103 1. 29 701 1. 26 497 1. 31 _ _ 381 1. 32 399 1 .4 4 _ _ _ _ 4 ,4 5 6 1. 28 375 1. 39 680 2, 514 1. 36 689 1 .4 5 - 1 4 ,3 4 5 1. 19 351 1. 28 2, 213 1. 21 6, 065 1. 16 2, 738 1. 18 857 1. 27 1 ,0 1 0 1. 21 1 ,0 7 0 4, 538 1. 15 - _ 298 1 .0 6 2, 615 1. 14 652 1. 13 334 1. 18 531 1. 31 _ _ 2, 257 1. 19 - - - _ 433 1. 32 26 281 1. 52 - 334 175 89 86 130 99 31 119 993 224 769 1. 14 1 .2 9 1. 35 1. 23 1. 28 1. 26 1. 34 1. 11 1. 18 1. 16 1. 18 82 1 .4 4 - 1. 15 - - - - 8 66 - 40 - 1. 14 1. 23 - 1. 24 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, I n clu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: B o r d e r S tates N u m b er of w ork ers - - _ _ 96 1 ,0 0 0 1. 14 498 1. 09 1. 17 _ 73 1. 23 171 1. 28 81 1. 22 36 1 .4 8 35 1. 60 7 6 1. 23 71 1. 34 51 1. 31 38 1 .4 8 71 1. 68 _ 1. 04 _ 21 28 - 25 39 32 7 15 135 - 104 h o lid a y s , 1. 31 1. 32 - 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 25 24 25 18 08 12 - 1. 15 106 83 28 55 55 36 19 63 458 94 364 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 09 22 26 21 28 22 38 09 15 15 14 53 32 30 _ 17 13 1. 11 1. 28 1. 25 _ 1. 34 1 .4 0 _ _ 17 124 28 96 1. 1. 1. 1. 11 14 19 12 36 10 10 1. 21 1. 39 1. 39 13 13 1. 21 1. 21 _ _ 12 80 28 52 _ _ 1. 1. 1. 1. 16 26 17 30 29 _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1. 26 _ 70 1. 27 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 _ 37 1. 26 1. 46 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 .4 3 _ _ 1 .4 2 and la te s h ift s . D a s h e s in d ic a t e n o da ta r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a . 00 Table 10. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Establishment Size (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly ea rn in gs 1 of w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o cc u pa t io n s in w o r k cloth ing m a nu fa ct ur in g e st a b l is h m e n t s by labo: -m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e and si ze of es ta bl is hm e nt , United States and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , May—June 1961) United States 2 Sex, o cc u p a t io n , and s i z e of e s t a b l is h m e n t M a j o ri t y covered e st a b l is h m en t s Number of w o r k e rs Average ho ur ly earni ngs Number of workers B o r d e r States Mi dd le Atl antic Es ta b li sh m e n t s with— Average h ou r ly e ar ni ngs None o r minority covered Number A verage h ou r ly of w o rk e rs ea rn in gs All establishm ent s Es ta b li sh m e n t s with— None o r M a j o r it y m inority covered covered All establishm en ts E s ta b lis hm e nt s with— None or M ajority m in or it y covered co v e r e d A v e r a g e h ou r ly ea rn in gs Women I n s p e c t o r s , fin al (and thre ad tr i m m e r s '! 20-99 w orkers . .. 100 -2 49 w o r k e r s ............ . 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s . P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m a c h in e _______ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ___________________ 1 00 -2 49 w o r k e r s _________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ___________ Sewing m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 3 __ _____ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ________________ 10 0 -2 49 w o r k e r s _____________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ________ D u n p a re es 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ________________ 1 00 -2 49 w o r k e r s -------------------250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s _______ O v e r a l l s and in du st r ia l g a r m e n t s -----------------------------------2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ________________ 1 00 -2 49 w o r k e r s _____________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ________ W o r k pants ----------------------------------2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ________________ 1 00 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s .......................... 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s _______ W o rk s h i rt s ______________________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s -----------------------1 0 0 -2 49 w o r k e r s _____________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ________ T h r e a d t r i m m e r s ( c l e a n e r s ) ______ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ___________________ 1 00 -2 49 w o r k e r s _________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ___________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h i n e __________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ___________________ 10 0 -2 49 w o r k e r s _________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ___________ S e e fo o tn o te s a t en d o f t a b le . 2, 031 400 659 972 667 71 284 312 36, 196 6, 350 13,470 16, 376 8, 142 1, 363 2, 805 3, 974 $1.21 1. 17 1. 20 1. 23 1. 26 1. 27 1. 22 1. 29 1. 22 1. 25 1. 20 1. 23 1. 25 1. 21 1. 24 1. 26 779 93 241 445 223 25 59 139 1 5, 3 86 1, 765 5, 890 7, 731 4, 019 321 1, 251 2, 447 4, 447 821 1 ,9 3 9 1 ,6 8 7 14,340 1, 320 5, 135 7, 885 4, 536 777 2, 261 1 ,4 9 8 324 65 98 161 99 16 28 55 1. 28 1. 30 1. 23 1. 34 1. 19 1. 20 1. 19 1. 19 1. 15 1. 18 1. 13 1. 17 1. 14 1. 11 1 .1 2 1. 16 1. 26 1. 34 1. 21 1. 25 2, 660 306 1, 029 1 ,32 5 5, 036 340 1,9 0 9 2, 787 1, 571 _ 696 780 101 11 22 68 33 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. . 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. _ - 11 21 $1.31 1. 23 1. 31 1. 32 1. 44 1.41 1 .42 1 .4 6 1. 30 1. 32 1. 30 1. 30 1. 34 1. 22 1. 37 1. 34 32 24 28 37 27 30 29 25 23 24 19 25 28 29 23 38 1 .4 2 1. 38 1, 252 307 418 527 444 46 225 173 20,810 4, 585 7, 580 8, 645 4, 123 1, 042 1, 554 1, 527 1, 787 515 910 362 9, 304 980 3, 226 5, 098 2, 965 682 1, 565 718 223 54 76 93 66 15 17 34 $ 1. 14 1. 15 1. 14 1. 14 1. 17 1. 20 1 .1 7 1 .1 6 1 .1 6 1. 22 1. 13 1. 16 1 .1 6 1. 21 1. 15 1. 13 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 22 33 16 21 15 16 13 16 12 15 08 15 09 08 07 10 19 36 08 18 $1. 18 1. 16 _ . 1 .4 0 1. 26 _ 1. 37 1.41 1. 37 . 1. 52 1. 39 1. 37 _ 1. 27 _ _ _ 1. 15 1. 10 1. 21 _ _ $1.16 - _ _ _ 1. 34 1. 36 1 .4 0 _ _ _ _ 1. 29 _ _ _ _ _ 1. 22 _ _ _ _ _ - - $ 1 .43 1 .4 4 _ - . _ _ _ 1. 09 _ _ _ _ $1.18 1. 16 1. 13 1. 20 1. 28 1 .1 2 1. 29 1. 32 1. 20 1 .1 6 1. 20 1. 22 1. 19 1. 21 1. 22 1. 18 $1. 39 1. 33 1. 24 1. 38 1. 21 1. 14 1. 23 1. 23 1 .0 6 _ _ _ 1. 31 _ 1. 31 . 1. 25 1. 38 1. 32 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 .43 - 1. 21 1. 26 - 1. 38 1 .49 1. 35 - 1. 31 1. 38 1. 35 - - 1 .4 4 $1.12 1. 12 1.06 1. 13 1. 15 - 1. 18 1. 18 1. 14 1. 14 1.10 1. 16 1. 14 1. 21 1. 17 1. 1 1 1. 12 1. 17 1. 21 1. 04 _ . _ _ _ _ _ 1. 11 - 1. 13 Table 10. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Establishment Size----Continued (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly earnings 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o cc u p a t io n s in w o r k cloth ing m a n u fa ct u ri n g e st a b l is h m e n t s by la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t co nt r ac t c o v e r a g e and s i z e o f es t a b l is h m e n t , United States and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , May—June 1961) Southeast Sex, o c c u p a t io n , and s i z e o f e s t a b l is h m e n t All estab lish men ts G re a t L ak es Southwest Es ta b li sh m e nt s with— None o r M a j o r it y m in o r it y covered covered All establishm e nt s E s ta b li sh m e n t s with— None o r M ajority m inority covered c o v e red All establishm e nt s M id d le W e st E s ta b li s h m e n t s with— None o r M ajority m inority covered covered All establishm e nt s P acific 4 E s ta b li s h m e n t s with— None o r M ajority m inority covered covered All establishment s Estab lishme nts with— M a j o r it y covered A v e r a g e hou:rly ea rn in gs W o m e n — Continued I n s p e c t o r s , fi n al (and t h re a d t r i m m e r s ) _________________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ___________________ 1 00 -2 49 w o r k e r s _________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ___________ P r e s s e r s , fi ni sh , m a c h in e ________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s .................................... 1 00 -2 49 w o r k e r s ____ __________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ___________ Sew ing m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 3 _______ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ------------------------100 -2 49 w o r k e r s --------------------250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s . ------------D u n g a r e e s ________________________ 20-99 w orkers 1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ________ O v e r a l l s and in du st r ia l g a r m e n t s ________________________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ______ _______ 1 0 0 -2 49 w o r k e r s _____________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ________ W o r k p a n t s ________________________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ________________ 1 00 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ________ W o rk s h i rt s ______________________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ________________ 1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s _____________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ________ T h r e a d t r i m m e r s ( c l e a n e r s ) ______ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s __ 1 00 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s _________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ___________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h i n e __________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ___________________ 1 00 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s _________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s $1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 17 15 14 20 17 31 12 20 17 15 14 20 22 12 15 26 $ 1. 25 1. 20 1 .1 7 1. 15 1. 26 1. 16 1. 21 1. 14 1. 16 1. 14 1. 17 1. 09 1. 19 1. 10 1. 27 - 1. 07 1. 11 1. 22 _ 1. 12 1. 21 - 1. 26 1. 33 - 1. 33 1. 24 - 1. 22 1. 25 1. 30 - 1. 30 - 1. 30 1. 19 - 1. 20 1. 17 - 1. 19 _ $1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 15 15 14 16 15 31 12 18 15 15 13 17 15 12 15 17 1 .1 8 1. 17 1. 15 1. 23 1. 15 1. 21 1. 15 1. 15 1. 13 1. 17 1 .09 - 1. 09 _ _ _ . $1.16 1. 07 1. 14 1. 24 1. 22 1. 15 1. 21 1. 24 1. 17 1. 12 1. 17 1. 18 1. 23 - 1. 23 _ _ 1. 18 _ 1. 21 1. 16 1. 13 _ 1. 11 1. 13 1. 12 1 .0 7 . _ 1. 12 1.21 - 1. 20 _ 1. 34 _ _ I. 24 - 1. 25 1. 25 1. 28 _ _ _ _ _ 1. 28 _ 1. 35 $ 1. 09 - 1. 10 _ 1. 16 _ 1.21 _ 1 .1 2 1. 10 1. 12 1. 14 1. 12 _ 1. 14 _ _ _ 1. 14 _ 29 25 28 33 27 _ 1. 19 1. 35 1. 18 _ _ _ 1. 09 1. 20 _ _ 1. 07 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1. 50 _ _ 1. 21 1. 14 _ _ _ 1.21 _ _ _ $1.36 1.41 1. 36 1. 34 1. 44 _ _ 1 .4 9 1 .3 2 1. 26 1. 37 1. 32 1. 35 _ _ _ $ 1. 26 1.21 1. 38 _ 1. 25 _ 1. 27 _ 1. 20 1. 23 1. 15 _ 1. 17 1. 13 _ _ 1. 34 1. 21 1. 26 1. 14 _ 1 .4 0 1. 33 1. 33 _ _ 1. 16 _ 1. 15 1. 35 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 .0 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 1. 34 1. 22 1. 29 _ 1 .4 3 1 .4 5 1. 39 1. 28 1. 33 1. 22 1 .4 5 1. 30 1. 14 1. 22 _ 1. 26 _ 1. 22 _ 1. 21 _ 1. 18 _ 1. 31 _ 1. 28 _ 1 .0 4 _ 1. 02 _ _ _ ' ' ' $ 1 . 35 _ 1. 29 _ _ _ _ 1. 51 1 .4 5 1 .4 8 _ 1. 33 1. 36 1. 27 1 .4 5 1. 37 _ 1. 34 $ 1. 19 1. 27 _ _ _ _ 1. 20 _ _ 1. 28 1. 25 _ 1. 32 _ 1. 29 1. 19 1. 11 _ 1 .1 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 .0 4 _ 1. 04 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 1.4 6 _ _ 1.31 1. 55 _ _ _ $ 1 .46 _ _ 1. 39 1 .4 0 1 .49 1. 29 1. 39 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1. 26 _ _ 1. 24 _ _ _ _ _ 1. 31 1. 74 _ _ _ 1.49 1. 29 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1. 28 _ _ 1. 24 _ _ _ _ 1. 02 1. 02 _ _ _ " " _ _ _ “ ' S e e f o o tn o te s a t en d o f t a b le . 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 13 1. 14 1. 12 _ . 1. 13 1 .4 0 $ 1. 32 1. 25 1. 37 1. 34 1. 36 _ 1. 26 1 .4 9 1 .2 8 1. 24 1. 26 1. 32 1. 27 1. 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 .22 $1 . 25 _ " “ Table 10. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Establishment Size----Continued (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e ho ur ly earni ngs 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o cc u pa t io n s in w o r k cloth ing m a n u fa ct u ri n g e st a b l is h m e n t s by la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e and s i z e of e st a bl is hm e nt , United States and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , May—June 1961) United States 2 Sex, o c c u p a t io n , and s i z e of e s t a b l is h m e n t All es t a bl is h m e n t s Number of workers Average ho ur ly earni ngs M a j o r it y covered Nu mber of w o rk e r s B o r d e r States M id d le Atl ant ic E s ta b li sh m e n t s with— A verage h o u r ly ea rn in gs None o r m in o r it y covered Number Average h ou r ly of w orkers ear ni ngs All establishm ent s E s ta b li sh m e n t s with— None o r M ajority minority covered covered All establishm en ts E s ta b lis hm e nt s with— None or M ajority m in o r it y covered covered A v e r a g e h o u r ly ea rn in gs Men Cu t t e r s, m a c h i n e ___________________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ___________________ 1 00 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s ________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s __________ J an i t or s _____________________________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s __________________ 1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s _____ ____ ______ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s __________ R e p a i r m e n , se w in g m a c h i n e _____ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s __________________ 1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s ________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s __________ S p r e a d e r s ____________________________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s __________________ 1 0 0 -2 49 w o r k e r s ________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ---------------W or k d i s t r i b u t o r s __________________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s __________________ 1 0 0 -2 49 w o r k e r s ____ ___________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s __________ See f oo t n ot es at end o f table. 803 189 332 282 340 67 139 134 459 84 178 197 416 52 158 206 769 104 288 377 $1.83 1. 96 1. 73 1. 86 1. 15 1 .1 7 1. 09 1. 21 2. 02 2. 06 2. 05 1 .9 8 1. 32 1. 31 1. 28 1. 36 1. 18 1. 19 1. 18 1. 19 388 66 184 138 161 22 64 75 212 29 88 95 152 8 53 91 327 31 128 168 $1.96 1. 89 1.91 2. 05 1. 24 1. 24 1. 14 1. 32 2. 13 2. 08 2. 17 2. 11 1 .4 7 1.51 1 .4 9 1 .4 6 1. 26 1. 27 1. 26 1. 26 415 123 148 144 179 45 75 59 247 55 90 102 264 44 105 115 442 73 160 209 $ 1. 71 2. 00 1. 50 1. 67 1 .0 8 1. 13 1. 05 1. 07 1. 93 2. 05 1 .93 1 .8 7 1. 24 1. 27 1. 17 1. 28 1. 13 1. 15 1. 11 1. 13 $2 . 09 2. 11 2. 05 _ 1. 17 1. 17 _ $ 2. 01 1. 89 2. 10 - - 2. 42 2. 80 1 .4 3 1. 28 1 .6 2 1. 24 1. 22 1. 24 - - _ 2. 20 - 1. 59 1. 65 1. 29 1. 24 - $ 2. 19 2. 23 - 1. 16 1. 16 _ 1. 26 1. 24 1. 20 - $ 1. 72 1. 80 1. 67 1. 70 1. 05 1. 07 1. 00 1. 06 1. 80 1. 66 1 .9 8 1. 76 1. 23 1. 19 1. 20 1. 26 1. 15 1 .15 1 .1 7 1. 15 $ 1. 82 - 1. 77 1. 95 1. 05 - 1. 90 1. 93 1. 85 1 .4 3 1 .4 5 1. 25 1. 24 1. 29 $ 1. 62 1.83 1 .42 1. 57 1. 05 - 1. 06 1. 75 1. 61 2. 07 1. 72 1. 19 1. 18 1. 10 1. 22 1. 09 1 .18 1. 07 1. 08 Table 10. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Establishment Size----Continued ( N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o ur ly ea rnings 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o cc u p a t io n s in w o r k cloth ing m a n u fa ct u ri n g e st a b l is h m e n t s by l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t co v e r a g e and s i z e o f e st a bl is h m en t , United States and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , May—June 1961) Southeast Sex, o c c u p a t io n , and s i z e o f e s t a b l is h m e n t All estab lish m en ts Southwest Es ta b li sh m e nt s with— None o r M a j o r it y m in o r it y covered covered All establishm en ts M i d d le We st G r e a t Lake s E s ta b li sh m e n t s with— None o r M a j o r it y m inority covered covered All establishm en ts E s ta b li sh m e n t s with— None o r M ajority m inority covered covered All establishm en ts P acific 4 E s ta b li sh m e n t s with— None o r M ajority m inority covered covered A ll establishment s E stab lis hm en ts with— M a j o r it y covered A v e r a g e h o u r ly ea rn in gs M en — Con tinued C u t t er s, m a c h i n e ___________________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s -----------------------------1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s _________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ___________ J an it or s _______________________________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ___________________ 1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s _________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ___________ R e p a i r m e n , se w i n g m a c h i n e ______ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ___________________ 1 0 0 -2 49 w o r k e r s _________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ___________ S p r e a d e r s _____________________________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ___________________ 1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s _______________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ___________ W o r k d i s t r i b u t o r s ___________________ 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s ___________________ 1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s _________________ 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ___________ $1. 65 1. 77 1. 50 1. 73 1. 08 1. 10 1. 04 1. 10 1. 94 2. 17 1.91 1. 89 1. 28 1. 38 1. 16 1. 36 1. 14 1 .0 5 1. 12 1. 18 $ 1. 76 1. 67 1 .80 1. 13 - 1. 16 2. 00 - 2. 08 1 .9 7 1. 35 - 1. 38 1. 20 - 1. 12 1 .2 4 $1. 62 1. 77 1. 46 1. 70 1. 07 1. 10 1. 05 1. 08 1. 92 2. 17 1. 87 1. 85 1. 25 1. 38 1. 15 1. 34 1. 12 1 .05 1.11 1. 15 $ 1. 68 1. 83 1. 57 1.81 1 .09 1 .09 1. 08 1. 09 2. 03 1. 74 2. 02 2. 11 1. 24 1. 14 1. 32 1. 12 _ 1. 11 1. 12 $1 . 80 1. 76 - 1. 10 - 1 .0 8 - 2. 07 - 2. 07 2. 05 1. 38 1. 16 - 1. 16 _ 1. 20 $ 1. 60 1 .4 7 1.81 1 .0 7 - 1 .0 8 1. 06 1 .9 8 - 1 .9 8 2. 18 1. 18 _ 1. 14 1. 24 1 .0 9 _ 1 .0 7 1. 11 $ 2 . 02 2. 13 1. 83 2. 04 1. 24 1. 29 1. 17 1. 27 2. 04 1 .9 2 2. 06 2. 20 1 .4 8 1 .4 3 1. 50 1. 48 1. 30 1. 30 1. 35 1. 28 $ 1 . 88 1 .8 2 1. 75 2. 04 1. 26 _ 1. 23 1. 27 2. 05 1. 75 2. 11 2. 20 1 .4 7 _ 1 .4 6 1 .4 8 1. 30 _ 1. 33 1. 28 $2 . 22 2. 32 1. 95 1. 22 1. 31 _ _ 2. 03 2. 05 2. 02 _ 1. 57 1. 43 _ - 1. 28 _ _ $ 1. 94 1. 81 1. 84 2. 35 1. 28 1. 25 1. 14 1 .5 0 2. 10 1. 87 2. 06 _ 1. 60 _ 1. 58 _ 1. 27 _ 1 .2 6 $ 2 . 03 1 .9 0 1. 93 2. 35 1. 35 1. 27 1. 21 1. 50 2. 11 1. 89 2. 06 _ 1. 71 _ 1. 85 _ 1. 32 _ 1. 33 $ 1 .4 6 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on we ek en d s, h ol id a y s, and late shift s. 2 In cl ud es data f o r r e g i o n s in addition to th ose shown s e p ar at e ly . 3 In cl ud es se w in g m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s in addition to tho se sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 In su ff ic ie n t data to p r e s e n t a v e r a g e s f o r w o r k e r s in e st a bl is hm e nt s with none o r a m i n o r i t y o f t h e ir p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s . NOTE: D a s h e s in di c at e no data re p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t pu bl ic a t i o n c r i t e r i a . - 1. 50 _ 1. 06 _ 1 .0 6 _ 2. 01 _ 2. 06 _ _ _ _ _ 1. 12 _ 1. 12 $2. 29 2. 06 2. 30 1.43 _ _ _ 2. 65 _ 2. 57 _ 1 .4 8 _ _ _ 1 .4 2 _ _ 1. 38 $2 . 36 _ 2. 30 _ 1. 43 _ _ _ 2. 65 _ 2. 57 _ 1 .4 8 _ _ _ 1.41 _ _ 1. 38 Table 11. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Community Size 00 (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k clo th ing m a nu fa ct ur in g e st a b l is h m e n t s by l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e and si ze o f co m m u n it y , United States and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y J u n e 1961) United States 2 Sex, o c c u p a t io n , and s i z e of c o m m u n i t y Al l e s t a bl is hm en t s Number of w orkers Average h o ur ly ear ni ngs 2, 031 545 1, 486 667 259 408 36, 196 11, 104 25, 092 8, 142 1, 908 6, 234 $1.21 1. 26 1. 19 1. 26 1. 28 1. 25 1. 22 1. 30 1. 19 1. 25 1. 39 1. 20 M a j o r it y covered Nu mbe r of workers B o r d e r States M id d le Atlanti c E s ta b li sh m e n t s with— Average h ou r ly ear ni ngs None o r minority covered Number Average h o u r ly of ea rn in gs workers All estab lish m e nt s E sta bli shme nts wit h— None o r M a j o r it y minority covered covered All estab lish m en t s E s ta b lis hm e nt s with— None or m in o r it y covered M a j o r it y covered A v e r a g e h o u r ly ea rn in gs Women I n s p e c t o r s , fi na l (and th re a d t r i m m e r s ) ___________________ M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s --------------------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s --------------P r e s s e r s , finis h, m a c h in e -----------M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s --------------------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s _________ Sewing m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 3 -----------M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s _____ - — N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s -------- D u n g a r e e s — ------------------------------M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s _ --------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s --------O v e r a l l s and in d u st r ia l garments -------------------- — M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s _ --------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s ---------W o r k pants ------------------------------------M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s ---------------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s ----------W o r k sh ir ts - - - - — M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s -------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s ------------T h re a d t r i m m e r s ( c l e a n e r s ) -----------M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s --------------------------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s — -----U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h i n e - --------------M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s --------------------------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s ------------------- 4, 447 1, 678 2, 769 14, 340 3, 984 10,356 4, 536 1 , 291 3, 245 324 139 185 99 29 70 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 28 34 24 19 24 18 15 1 . 16 1. 15 1. 14 1 .1 6 1 . 12 1 . 26 1. 31 1. 23 15, 6, 8, 4, 1, 2, 2. 1, 1, 5, 1, 3, 1, 779 327 452 223 114 109 386 494 892 019 505 514 $ 1. 31 1. 35 1. 28 1 .4 4 1 .4 2 1.47 1. 30 1. 37 1. 26 1. 34 1 .4 2 1. 29 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. $1.18 1. 18 1. 40 1. 37 1. 37 1. 52 1. 52 - 1. 34 1. 34 - $ 1.4 3 1. 43 - 1. 29 1. 29 - - - 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 32 35 30 27 35 23 23 25 21 25 25 25 38 38 38 1, 787 358 1, 429 9, 304 2, 251 7, 053 2, 965 702 2, 263 223 90 133 66 12 54 1. 22 1. 33 1. 19 1. 15 1 .1 5 1. 15 1. 12 1 .09 1 .1 2 1 .09 1.11 1 .07 1. 19 1 . 22 1. 19 1. 39 1. 39 388 203 185 161 73 88 212 88 124 152 78 74 327 117 210 1 .9 6 2. 05 1 .85 1. 24 1. 36 1. 14 2. 13 2. 35 1.97 1. 47 1.49 1 .4 6 1. 26 1. 27 1. 25 415 115 300 179 35 144 247 46 201 264 68 196 442 1.71 1 .9 8 1. 60 1 .0 8 1 .0 8 1 .0 8 1 .9 3 2. 15 1 .8 8 1. 24 1 . 22 1. 24 1. 13 1. 15 1 . 12 2. 09 2. 09 1 . $1.18 $1.14 1 .1 2 1. 15 1. 17 1 .1 6 1. 17 1. 16 1.21 1. 15 1 .1 6 1. 30 1.14 660 320 340 036 733 303 571 589 982 101 49 52 33 17 16 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. - - 1, 252 218 1, 034 444 145 299 2 0, 8 10 4, 610 16, 200 4, 123 40 3 3, 720 - 1. 27 1. 27 - 1. 15 1. 15 $1 . 16 1. 16 - - 1 . 1 . - - - - - - - - - - 1 .0 6 1. 31 1. 31 1. 25 - $1.12 - 1.40 1.49 1. 50 1. 35 1. 35 1. 35 1. 35 1. 13 1.15 1. 24 1. 14 1. 14 1. 14 1. 14 1. 38 1. 12 - - 1.09 1 .0 9 - 19 1. 34 1. 21 1. 23 1. 21 1 .0 6 - 22 22 37 20 21 20 19 1. 33 - $ 1. 39 - 20 28 - 1. 38 1. 32 1. 32 - 1. 17 1. 18 1 .0 4 - 1. 43 - 1.11 - 1. 27 1. 43 1 . 11 1. 72 1 . 89 1. 67 1 .0 5 1 . 82 1 . 62 Men Cu t t e r s, m a c h in e ---------------------------M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s __________________ N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s ------------------Janitors ______________________________________ M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s --------------------------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s ____________ R e p a i r m e n , se w in g m a c h i n e _______ M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s — -------------------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s ------------------S p r e a d e r s ------------------------------------------------------M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s ------------------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s _ ------------Work distributors -----------------------------------M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s — — — ___ N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s — ------------ See fo o t n o t e s at end o f table, 803 318 485 340 108 232 459 134 325 416 146 270 769 227 542 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 83 02 70 15 27 1 . 10 2. 02 2. 28 1.91 1. 32 1. 36 1. 30 1 . 18 1 . 22 1. 17 no 332 - 1. 17 1. 17 - 2. 42 2. 42 - 1 .4 3 1. 43 - 1. 24 1. 24 2. 01 2. 01 - 2. 20 2. 20 - 1.59 1. 59 - 1. 29 1. 29 2. 19 2. 19 1 . 16 1. 16 - - 1 . - 1 .0 6 80 1 .97 1 .7 8 1. 23 1 . 1 . - 26 26 - 1. 20 1. 20 - - 1 .90 - 1. 87 1. 43 - 1 . 22 1 .1 5 1 .4 3 1. 25 - 1 . - 1. 84 1. 05 16 1. 27 - 1. 53 1 .05 - 1.05 1. 75 - 1 .7 3 1. 19 - 1. 17 1.09 1 . 10 Table 11. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Community Size----Continued ( N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly earni ngs 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k clot hin g m a nu fa ctu ri ng e st a b l is h m e n t s by la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t co n t r a c t c o v e r a g e and s i z e o f co m m u n i t y , United States and se l e c t e d r e g i o n s , Ma y— June 1961) Southeast Sex, o c c u p a t io n , and s i z e of community A ll estab lish m en ts G re a t Lak es Southwest Es ta b li sh m e nt s with— None o r M a j o r it y m in o r it y covered covered All estab lish m en ts E s ta b li s h m e n t s with— None o r M a j o r it y minority covered covered All estab lish m e nt s M i dd le W est E s ta b li sh m e n t s with— None o r M a j o r it y minority covered covered All estab lish m e nt s Pacific 4 E s ta b li s h m e n t s with— Non e o r Majority m inority covered covered A ll es t a blishment s Estab lis hm en ts with— M a j o r it y covered A v e r a g e h o u r ly earni ngs Women I n s p e c t o r s , fi na l (and thre ad t r i m m e r s ) _______________ M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s --------------------N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s -------------P r e s s e r s , fi ni sh , m a c h i n e -----------M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s --------------------■N onmetropolitan a r e a s _________ Sew ing m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 3 -----------M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ____________ N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s -----------D u n g a r e e s -------------------------------------M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ________ N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s --------O v e r a l l s and in d u s t r ia l garments — _____ ________ M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s __________ N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s ______ W o r k pants --------------------— M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s __________ N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s --------W o r k sh ir t s _ — _ ___ _ M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s _ ----- _ N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s --------T h re a d t r i m m e r s ( c l e a n e r s ) ----------M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s --------------------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s __________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h i n e ---------------M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s --------------------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s __________ $1.17 1. 25 1. 17 1. 17 1. 11 1. 18 1. 17 1. 23 1. 16 1. 22 1. 20 $ 1. 25 1. 34 1. 23 1. 33 1. 24 1. 32 1. 22 1. 30 1. 30 $1. 15 1. 16 1. 15 1. 15 1. 07 1. 17 1. 15 1. 14 1. 15 1. 15 1. 15 1. 20 1. 21 1. 20 1. 16 1 .1 6 1. 16 1. 14 1. 15 1. 14 1. 10 1. 27 1. 19 1. 17 1. 17 1. 17 - 1. 18 1. 18 1. 15 1. 11 1. 16 1. 13 1. 13 1. 09 - 1. 09 1. 22 1. 19 - - - $ 1. 16 1. 22 1 .0 5 1. 22 1. 26 1. 14 1. 17 1. 20 1. 13 1. 23 1. 30 1. 18 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 19 18 21 13 13 13 15 12 - $1. 25 1.41 1 .0 6 1. 34 1. 24 1. 36 1. 16 1. 28 - $ 1. 09 1.11 1. 03 1. 16 1. 20 1. 12 1. 14 1 .09 1 .1 2 - 1. 28 1. 44 1. 17 - _ 1. 14 1. 16 1. 12 1. 11 1 .07 - 1. 09 1. 22 1. 19 1. 40 - 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 50 _ - - - $ 1. 32 1 .40 1. 28 1. 36 1. 39 1. 33 1. 28 1. 32 1. 24 1. 27 1. 36 1. 23 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 29 38 24 27 35 25 18 14 21 - 1. 21 - $ 1. 36 1.41 1 .4 4 1. 38 1. 32 1. 34 1. 30 1. 35 1. 36 - $ 1. 26 1. 26 1. 25 1. 19 1. 20 1. 25 1. 19 1. 17 1. 17 $ 1. 34 1. 30 1. 38 1 .4 3 1. 56 1. 34 1. 28 1. 38 1. 24 1. 30 1. 24 $ 1. 35 1. 29 1. 39 1. 51 1. 56 1 .4 5 1. 33 1. 39 1. 30 1. 37 1. 32 . _ _ $1. 19 _ 1. 19 1. 11 _ 1. 10 _ - $ 1.4 6 1. 58 _ 1. 55 _ 1. 72 1. 39 1 .4 6 1. 25 _ - $ 1.4 6 1. 58 _ 1. 74 _ 1. 72 1. 39 1 .48 1. 25 _ - 1. 34 1 .4 2 1. 26 1. 33 1. 37 - 1. 21 1. 23 1 .1 6 1. 16 1. 07 _ 1. 26 _ 1. 22 1. 21 1. 34 1. 17 1. 31 1. 30 1 .0 4 1 .0 4 _ 1. 27 1. 20 1. 28 1. 34 1. 25 1. 32 1. 31 _ _ _ 1 .0 4 1. 04 _ 1 .0 2 1. 02 _ _ _ _ 1. 26 1. 28 1. 25 _ _ - _ _ . 1. 28 _ 1. 25 _ _ - - _ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ ~ - M en Cu tt er s, m a c h i n e ___________________ M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s — -------------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s _________ J a n i t o rs ---------------------------------------------M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s --------------------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s _________ R e p a i r m e n , se w in g m a c h i n e --------M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s ______________ Nonmetropolitan areas — ____ Spreaders ---------------------- -- ---M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s --------------------------------N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s Work distributors ----- ----- ----M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s ___________ N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s — _ 1. 65 1 .9 3 1. 61 1 .0 8 1.0 7 1. 08 1 .9 4 2. 22 1 .88 1. 28 1. 27 1. 28 1. 14 1. 17 1. 14 1 .7 6 1. 81 1. 74 1. 13 - 1 .1 3 2. 00 2. 25 1. 86 1. 35 1. 32 1. 38 1. 20 1 .1 6 1. 23 62 10 58 07 - 1. 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 07 92 18 89 25 19 26 12 - 1. 11 68 69 65 09 11 07 03 13 89 24 28 17 12 10 14 1. 80 1. 84 1. 73 1. 10 1. 16 1 .0 6 2. 07 2. 26 1. 94 1. 38 _ 1. 15 1. 16 - 1. 60 1.61 1. 58 1 .07 1 .0 6 1 .0 8 1 .9 8 2. 05 1. 81 1. 18 1. 19 1. 18 1 .0 9 1. 08 1. 15 2. 02 2. 10 1. 94 1. 24 1. 32 1. 18 2. 04 2. 13 2. 00 1 .4 8 1 .4 6 1. 50 1. 30 1. 32 1. 29 1. 88 1. 93 1.80 1. 26 1. 34 _ 2. 05 2. 14 1 .9 4 1.47 1 .4 6 1. 48 1. 30 1. 32 1. 30 2. 2. 2. 1. 22 44 08 22 _ 1. 24 2. 03 - 2. 03 1. 51 _ 1. 51 1. 28 - 1. 28 1 .9 4 2. 08 1 .8 5 1. 28 1. 50 1. 14 2. 10 2. 31 2. 03 1. 60 2. 03 2. 08 1 .99 1. 35 1. 50 1. 20 2. 11 2. 31 2. 03 1. 71 1. 1. 1. 1. 1 .9 9 1. 32 1. 28 1. 34 _ 67 27 28 27 _ 1. 46 . 1 .4 6 1. 06 _ 1. 06 2. 01 _ 2. 01 _ _ _ 1. 12 _ 1. 12 ' 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pa y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w ee ke nd s, ho l id a y s , and late sh ifts. 2 I nc lu de s data f o r r e g i o n s in addition to t hos e shown s e p ar at el y. 3 I nc lu de s se w in g m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s in addition to th ose show n se p a r a t e l y . I n su ff ic ie n t data to p r e s e n t a v e r a g e s f o r w o r k e r s in es t a bl is h m en t s with none o r a m i n o r i t y o f th eir p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s NOTE: D a s h e s in d ic a t e no data r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u bl ic a t io n c r i t e r i a . c o v e r e d by la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s . 2. 29 2. 37 _ 2. 36 2. 49 _ 1. 43 _ _ 1 .4 3 2. 65 2. 83 2. 65 2. 83 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 .48 _ _ 1. 48 1. 42 1.47 1.41 1. 47 ' " to Table 12. Occupational Averages: By Major Product (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y m a jo r p r o d u c t, Number of workers U n ite d S t a t e s an d s e le c t e d Mi ddle Atlan ti c United States 2 Se x and o c c u p a t io n o B o r d e r States re g io n s, M a y —J u n e Southeast Average h o u r ly e arn in gs 1961) Southwest G re a t L ak es J M id d le W e st P acific A v e i rage h o u r ly ea rn in gs 1 D u n g ar e e s Women I n s p e c t o r s , fi na l (and t hr e a d t r i m m e r s ) - ----------------- — --------Sewing m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 3 -----------Dungarees — ----- 570 8, 831 7, 309 172 93 121 107 201 1.81 1. 21 2. 00 1. 37 1. 20 $1.16 1. 17 1. 18 $1 . 27 1. 24 1. 25 $ 1. 22 1. 22 1. 22 $ 1 . 33 1. 24 1. 25 $1.46 1. 26 1. 26 $ 1 .4 3 1. 32 1. 30 1 .70 1. 11 1 .99 1 .4 0 1. 21 1.77 1. 12 2. 06 1 .40 1. 14 1. 65 1 .2 5 2. 01 1. 23 2. 08 1. 34 2. 15 1.51 1. 23 Me n C ut t er s, m a c h i n e -----------------------------Janitors ---------------------------------------------R e p a i r m e n , sew in g m a c h i n e ---------Spreaders -----------------------------------------W ork distributors ---------------------------- - - 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 56 06 70 21 13 O v e r a l l s and in du str ia l g a r m e n t s Women I n s p e c t o r s , fi nal (and t hr e a d trim m ers) ___ ______ __ P r e s s e r s , fi ni sh , m a c h in e -----------Sewing m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 3 -----------O v e r a l l s and in du st r ia l g a r m e n t s ------------------------------------- 341 62 6, 224 $1 . 26 1. 28 1. 26 $ 1. 26 1.41 1. 32 $1 . 16 1 .0 6 1. 15 $1 . 28 1. 31 $1.41 1. 23 3, 380 1. 29 1. 39 1. 36 1 .1 8 1. 31 1. 22 175 96 56 175 1.91 2. 10 1.41 1. 22 2. 01 2. 68 1.40 1. 82 1 .9 5 1. 32 1. 27 1 .8 4 1 .87 1. 34 1. 15 1.99 2. 12 1. 55 1. 29 1. 70 1.91 1. 25 - $ 1.4 0 - M en Cu tt er s, m a c h i n e ---------------------------R e p a i r m e n , se w in g m a c h i n e --------Spreaders -----------------------------------------Work distributors ---------------------------- See f o o t n o t e s at end o f ta ble . - Table 12. Occupational Averages: By Major Product----Continued (N um be r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k clothing m a nu fa ct ur in g e s t a b l is h m e n t s by m a j o r p r o d u c t , United States and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , May—June 1961) United States 2 S e x and o c c u p a t i o n Nu m b er of workers M i dd le At lan ti c B o r d e r States | Southeast Average hour ly earnings | Southwest G re a t L ak es M i dd le West P acific A v e r a g e h ou r ly e a rn in gs 1 W o r k pants Women I n s p e c t o r s , fi na l ( i n s p e c t o r s only) ---------------------------------------- -------I n s p e c t o r s , fi na l (and th re a d trim m ers) - — — — ----------P r e s s e r s , fi n is h , m a c h i n e ----- — Sewing m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 3 ________ W o r k pan ts -----T h re a d t r i m m e r s ( c l e a n e r s ) 245 838 459 15, 372 12, 766 192 $1 . 20 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. $ 1.4 8 18 25 19 19 13 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. $1 . 18 $1.17 15 29 22 23 31 1. 19 1. 21 1. 17 1. 16 1 .09 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 14 18 17 18 13 1 .8 0 1 .0 3 1 .4 7 1 .8 8 1. 29 1. 13 1.61 1 .0 8 1. 37 1 .9 9 1. 29 1. 29 1. 12 1. 63 1 .0 8 1. 20 2. 13 1. 19 1. 17 1. 11 $ 1. 24 - $ 1. 1. 1. 1. 24 34 21 25 - 1. 31 1. 34 1. 20 1. 19 1 .0 3 - $ 1. 1. 1. 1. 23 53 23 23 " M en Cu t t er s, m a c h i n e __ — — Janitors ----------------------------------------------P r e s s e r s , fi n is h , m a c h i n e -----------R e p a i r m e n , se w i n g m a c h i n e ----------S p r e a d e r s -------------------------------------------Sto ck c l e r k s ~ — - — — W o r k d i s t r i b u t o r s ------------------------------ 315 133 334 180 173 92 315 1. 74 1. 10 1.4 3 2.0 5 1. 32 1. 30 1. 16 _ $1 . 85 - 1. 27 W o r k sh ir ts Women I n s p e c t o r s , fi na l (and th re a d t r i m m e r s ) ----------------------------------------Janitors _____________ _______________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h, hand ------------------P r e s s e r s , fi nis h, m a c h i n e ________ Sew ing m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 3 -----------W o r k sh i rt s ---------------------------------- 188 19 71 95 3, 191 2, 745 $1.08 1. 04 1. 10 1. 20 1. 14 1. 14 $1.07 1 .0 3 1. 10 1.09 1. 11 1. 11 56 22 16 36 48 19 49 1. 62 1. 08 1. 20 1. 76 1. 18 1.05 1. 15 1 .4 5 1 .0 5 1. 20 1. 68 1. 14 1 .0 5 1. 11 M en C ut te rs , m a c h i n e — ----— Janitors -------- - _______________ __ P r e s s e r s , fi ni s h, m a c h i n e - — R e p a i r m e n , se w in g m a c h i n e Spreaders -----------------------------------------W a t ch m en __ Work distributors ___________________ 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w ee ke nd s, ho l id a y s, 2 I n cl u d e s data f o r r e g i o n s in addition to t ho se shown se p a r a t e l y . 3 I n c l u d e s se w in g m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s in addition to tho se shown se p a r a t e l y . NOTE: and late sh ifts. D a s h e s in di c at e no data re p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u bl ic a t io n c r i t e r i a . _ _ _ _ 2. 04 1. 16 - 1 .9 5 1.41 1. 31 - 1 .8 4 1. 20 1 .6 5 2. 26 1 .8 7 1. 38 1. 30 2. 05 - 1. 36 1J < Table 13. Occupational Earnings: Alabama to ( N u m b e r a n d s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , M a y 1961) N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e hou rly e ar ni ngs of Number of w orkers O cc u p a t io n and s e x Al l w o r k e r s ______________________ W o m e n ________________________ Men ------------------------------------------ A verage hourly Under earnings 1 $ 1. 00 1 ,4 7 5 1, 317 158 $ 1. 24 1. 21 1 .4 8 52 52 - $ 1. 00 and und er $ 1. 05 $1. 05 $1. 10 $1.15 $ 1. 20 $1.25 $ 1. 30 $1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1.4 5 $ 1. 50 $ 1. 60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1. 90 $2. 00 $2 . 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $1. 10 $ 1. 15 $ 1. 20 $ 1. 25 $ 1. 30 $ 1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .45 $ 1. 50 $1.60 $1.70 $ 1. 80 $1.90 $2. 00 $2. 10 $ 2. 20 $2. 30 over 301 286 15 140 132 8 187 179 8 117 1 10 7 107 88 19 114 102 12 67 62 5 76 71 5 48 42 6 77 64 13 48 32 16 28 21 7 and 55 52 3 26 17 9 7 2 5 7 3 4 9 9 4 4 5 2 3 W om en I n s p e c t o r s , final (and th re a d t r i m m e r s ) 2b / ___________________ Sew ing m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 2 b / , 3 / _______________ D u n g a r e e s 2b / _________________ O v e r a l l s and in du st r ia l g a r m e n t s 2b / ________________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h in e 2b / ___ 66 1. 24 - 13 4 8 10 6 1 2 5 5 4 5 1 1 1 - - - - - 1, 105 348 1. 22 1. 24 - 253 82 113 34 156 40 94 36 74 22 92 28 55 18 64 22 46 12 36 10 57 16 27 8 17 4 14 12 2 - - 3 2 - 2 2 270 10 1. 29 1. 16 - 32 - 10 4 53 1 16 2 14 1 27 2 18 - 20 - 22 - 15 - 17 - 10 - 11 - 2 - 2 - - 1 - - ' 12 8 1. 83 1. 14 - - 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - 3 - 3 - 1 - - - 2 - 2 - - 1 - 12 26 1. 99 1. 14 - 5 7 1 - 7 4 1 - - 2 2 - 1 2 1 4 - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - Men Cu t t er s, m a c h i n e 2b / ___________ J a n i t o r s 2 a / -----------------------------------R e p a i r m e n , sewin g m a c h in e 2 a / _____________________ W o rk d i s t r i b u t o r s 2a^ ___________ 1 2 3 - E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w ee k e n d s, hol ida ys , and late shifts. In su ff ic ien t data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t i o n of se p ar at e a v e r a g e s by m et hod o f w ag e pa y m en t; (a) all o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y t i m e w o r k e r s , and (b) all o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y in ce nt iv e w o r k e r s . Inclu des w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in ad dition to tho se shown se pa ra te ly. Table 14. Occupational Earnings: California (N u m b e r and s t r a i g h t - t i m e ho ur ly ea rn in gs 1 of pr o du c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o cc u p a t io n s in w o r k clothing m a nu fa ctu ri ng e s t a b l is h m e n t s , Ma y 1961) N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h ou r ly ea rn in gs of— iN u m u e r O cc u p a t io n and s e x av e rage $1. 00 $1. 05 $ 1.1 0 $1. 15 $1. 20 $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $ 1. 4 0 $1. 45 $1. 50 $1. 55 $1. 60 $1. 65 $1. 70 $ 1.7 5 $1. 80 $1. 90 $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2. 50 $2. 60 $2. 7 0 h o u r ly of and w orkers earnings1 and under $1. 05 $1. 10 $1. 15 $1. 20 $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $1. 40 $1.4 5 $1. 50 $1. 55 $1. 60 $1. 65 $1. 70 $1. 75 $1. 80 $1. 90 $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2. 50 $2. 60 $2. 70 o v e r 1, 830 1 ,6 4 0 190 58 58 - 2317 317 - 59 1. 46 16 5 2 - - 3 2 14 1 .4 6 _ 6 _ _ - _ - 1,4 21 671 1 .4 2 1. 24 279 251 47 37 59 41 72 50 76 31 77 43 71 33 67 27 2. 35 12 32 2. 78 1 .4 4 71 70 1 87 81 6 83 80 3 92 82 10 83 76 7 86 81 5 $1.49 1 .4 2 2. 06 51 A ll w o r k e r s ___________________ W o m e n _____________________ Me n -------------------------------------- 80 76 4 78 65 13 101 88 13 65 60 5 1 3 4 4 - - 2 _ 2 1 _ _ _ 1 58 26 45 18 74 19 57 9 87 22 34 9 34 13 99 98 1 50 45 5 48 39 9 102 102 - 84 73 11 44 42 2 - 5 4 1 - 2 - - 2 _ _ 2 1 _ 1 _ _ _ 93 6 64 11 48 10 15 1 11 2 4 2 8 2 4 3 59 54 5 30 19 11 12 11 1 10 5 5 22 10 12 14 14 26 1 25 3 - - _ _ _ - 1 - 29 7 22 _ Wo m en I n s p e c t o r s , fin al (and t h re a d t r i m m e r s ) 3b / _______ P r e s s e r s , finish, m a c h i n e 3b / __________________ Sewing m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 3 b / , 4 / ----------------W o r k pants 3b / ------------------------ 36 5 - Men iTE^ t*q rv r1 »i n n V R epairm en, ^ / 12 13 sewing W o r k d i s t r ib u t o r s 3 a / __________ _ _ _ 1 5 4 2 2 2 9 2 _ 59 4 1 1 E x cl u d es p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w ee k e n d s, h ol ida ys , and late shifts. 2 Includes 4 w o r k e r s un d e r $1. 3 Insuf fi ci ent data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t i o n of se p ar at e a v e r a g e s b y m et hod o f w a g e pa y m e nt ; (a) all o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y t i m e w o r k e r s , and (b) all o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y in ce nt iv e w o r k e r s . 4 Includes w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in ad dition to t ho se shown se pa ra te ly. 5 W o r k e r s w e re d i s t r ib u t e d as f o l l o w s : 1 at $ 2 . 7 0 to $ 2 . 8 0 ; 1 at $ 2 . 8 0 to $ 2 . 9 0 ; 5 at $ 2 . 9 0 to $ 3 ; 2 at $ 3 . 3 0 and o v e r . Table 15. Occupational Earnings: Georgia ( N u m b e r an d s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k c lo th in g m a n u fa c t u r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , M ay 1961) N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly ea rn in gs of— O c c u p a t io n and s e x All w orkers Men — ------ ------ ------ - __ Number A verage Under h o ur ly of w o r k e r s ea rn in gs 1 $ 1 .00 $1. 00 and under $1. 05 $1.05 $1 . 10 $1. 15 $1 . 20 $1. 25 $ 1. 30 $1. 35 $ 1 . 4 0 $1. 45 $ 1. 50 $ 1. 55 $1 . 60 $ 1. 70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2 . 40 $ 1. 10 $1 . 15 $ 1. 20 $1 . 25 $1. 30 $ 1. 35 $ 1.4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1. 50 $1 . 55 $ 1. 60 $ 1 . 7 0 $ 1 . 8 0 $1.90 $2 . 00 $ 2. 10 $2. 20 $2 . 30 $2. 40 over and 5, 713 4, 857 ' 856 $1. 20 1. 17 1. 38 122 121 1 1, 814 1,711 103 449 382 67 401 275 126 454 40 2 52 414 370 44 336 288 48 460 397 63 394 361 33 175 1 36 39 151 97 54 77 18 59 1. 18 1. 21 1. 17 - 28 7 z 5 5 2 3 4 4 10 8 2 5 2 3 4 2 2 4 2 2 2 28 2 267 245 14 1 .1 6 1. 15 1.0 0 - 113 113 13 19 19 1 18 18 11 11 25 25 14 6 30 17 1 1 41 3, 777 3, 683 1. 21 1. 18 1. 18 _ - 7 1, 447 1 ,4 4 4 2 272 270 4 201 192 12 327 317 2 282 276 _ 222 20 2 8 314 302 104 2, 198 266 20 1. 25 1. 17 1. 23 1.0 7 - 7 888 46 4 8 159 14 10 7 78 20 4 14 212 14 - 6 180 16 - 8 127 22 2 65 41 24 38 1. 75 1 .7 4 1. 76 1. 10 _ _ _ _ 12 _ _ _ 7 _ _ _ 6 _ _ _ 3 3 2 1 4 105 1 .47 - 14 - - 6 62 41 21 20 14 35 22 148 2. 09 1. 33 1. 27 1 .4 0 1 .4 2 1. 19 1. 12 1 .1 2 - 3 1 2 9 9 25 1 _ 1 1 30 6 5 1 _ 6 2 51 7 3 4 1 1 3 7 109 82 27 92 66 26 102 80 22 82 53 29 49 15 34 23 7 16 31 11 20 16 14 3 11 4 21 16 4 21 2 2 - 1 3 - - - - - _ _ 2 2 1 3 14 14 6 5 2 2 6 6 6 6 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 321 301 89 83 2 78 74 2 61 59 _ 43 43 _ 55 55 30 30 _ 15 15 _ 7 7 _ 10 10 _ _ _ _ 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ . 16 179 74 " 32 187 56 - 4 62 - 37 4 - _ 34 _ 2 18 _ _ 15 _ 12 _ _ 5 _ _ 3 _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ 6 5 1 4 _ 3 3 _ _ 6 3 3 _ 5 _ 5 9 9 _ 5 4 1 _ 1 _ 1 _ 8 6 2 2 2 _ 7 6 1 1 1 _ 1 1 _ _ 5 3 2 _ _ 3 7 8 9 12 8 8 7 7 9 4 2 4 2 2 _ 6 4 10 2 1 1 2 2 11 1 5 5 _ 1 6 4 6 _ _ _ 2 1 _ 3 1 2 2 _ 1 2 _ 5 3 _ 3 _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ 1 1 _ 1 6 1 _ _ _ 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 _ _ 6 7 2 5 Women I n s p e c t o r s , fi na l T-imP . . I n s p e c t o r s , fi na l (and t h re a d t r i m m e r s ) --------I n c e n t i v e -----------------------------.T^nitnrs 2 a / - .......... P r e s s e r s , fi ni sh , m a c h i n e 2b / — Sew ing m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 3 — Incentive_ ___ O v e r a l l s and i n d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s 2 b / ------------------W o r k pa nts ”^~b/ _ ----W o r k sh i rt s 2b / -------W o r k d i s t r i b u t o r s 2 a / ------------- - _ _ Men C u t t er s, m a c h i n e ______ _____ T im e --------_ __ In ce nt iv e ---------------------Janitors 2a/ P r e s s e r s , fi ni sh , m a c h i n e 2b / ------------R e p a i r m e n , se w in g m a ch in e 2a / — Spreaders — T im e St oc k c l e r k s f _ a / ----------------------U n d e r p r e s s e r s , hand 2b / -------W atchm en2a/ — _ Work distributors 2a/ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ 4 _ 1 _ 8 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 11 _ _ _ _ _ E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pa y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , and late shift s. data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n of se p ar at e a v e r a g e s by m e t ho d o f w ag e pa y m e nt ; (a) all o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y t i m e w o r k e r s , and (b )a ll o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y in ce n t iv e w o r k e r s . In cl u de s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in addition to those shown se p a r a t e l y . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d as f o l lo w s : 5 at $ 2 . 7 0 to $ 2 . 8 0 ; 6 at $ 2 . 8 0 to $ 2 . 9 0 . 2 In su ff ic ie n t 4 to to Table 16. Occupational Earnings: Indiana (N u m b e r a n d s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s i n w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , M ay 1961) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— O c c u p a t io n and s e x W om en M en _________ ________ ------------ ---------- ---- N u m ber A v era g e h o u r ly of w o r k e r s e a r n in g s 1 Z, 640 2, 340 300 $ 1 . 33 1 . 29 1 . 61 $ 1 .0 0 and u n d er $ 1 .0 5 $1. 15 $ 1 . $ 1 .0 5 $1 . $ 1. $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 . 10 20 $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 . 50 $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 . 60 $1. 65 $ 1 .7 0 $1. 75 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 2 . 00 $2 . 10 $2 . $2 . 10 $2 . 20 $ 2 . 30 $2. 40 20 $2. 30 $ 2 . 40 and 10 20 $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $1. 50 $1. 55 $ 1 . 6 0 $1. 65 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $1. 85 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 455 16 8 213 192 43 32 12 45 40 5 22 12 62 57 5 29 20 98 79 19 50 39 21 169 155 14 83 71 14 179 174 5 149 129 10 183 165 18 128 158 17 181 174 7 230 2 438 11 7 11 6 5 5 3 6 6 3 2 1 2 4 105 104 19 3 96 94 23 1 1 20 20 25 23 26 23 23 - 216 116 00 over 20 8 44 34 7 4 3 8 1 12 1 - - 1 - - 7 7 1 5 5 3 3 28 23 5 46 24 22 13 9 3 2 - 27 27 3 14 14 11 11 2 22 10 7 W om en I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (and th re a d t r i m m e r s ) 3 b / __ __________ — J a n it o r s 3 a / P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e 3 b / ---------------------------S ew ing m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 4— I n ce n tiv e -------------------------D ungarees ----------------------O v e r a l ls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s --------------------------I n ce n tiv e ------------------------W o rk p a n ts 3 b / -------------------T h re a d t r i m m e r s ( c le a n e r s ) 3 b / -----------------------U n d e r p r e s s e r s , hand 3 b / -----U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h in e 3 b/— _ 3/ b 1. 1. 33 17 10 10 2 11 11 17 - 10 1 12 8 3 - - 2 38 1, 865 1 ,8 1 2 391 1. 1. 1. 1. 45 30 31 25 4 325 289 75 1 137 136 50 4 178 178 37 1 132 132 30 135 134 43 4 136 133 31 3 132 129 19 133 129 19 19 52 20 20 35 35 65 31 30 25 41 29 29 48 36 33 48 27 27 35 1 5 4 - 2 2 1 1 1 5 - - 3 2 - 2 2 125 442 397 579 1. 1. 1. 33 35 32 87 53 85 30 1. 10 1. 1. 24 39 19 24 7 4 36 1. 96 _ _ _ . 21 1 . 79 2 . 1Q - - - - 1. 11 33 2 25 22 20 - 1 2 1 1 4 _ _ _ _ 1 _ - - - - 1 - - 1 61 59 7 49 49 3 37 37 3 32 32 5 3 2 2 1 22 22 2 1 1 2 14 14 18 9 9 13 12 12 8 10 10 2 5 5 15 4 4 5 5 6 6 2 2 2 10 1 3 4 - 21 18 16 23 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - 2 - - - - - - - - 2 _ 3 3 6 4 7 7 _ - - 9 9 2 - 3 3 1 - 1 1 _ 1 6 - 3 68 68 11 1 1 1 - M en C u tte r s , m a c h in e ----------------T im e ----------------------------------J a n it o r s 3 a / -----------------------------R e p a ir m e n , sew in g m a c h in e 3 a / --------------------------S p r e a d e r s --------------------------------T i m e ------------------------------------I n c e n t i v e -----------------------------S to ck clerk s_^ _a /-----------------------W o rk d i s t r i b u t o r s ^ . / ------------- 1 2 3 4 15 27 27 - 24 2 . 12 21 1. - 15 6 22 32 1. 1. 1. 1. 43 39 53 49 27 2 7 - - - 2 2 4 4 1 - - - - - - 2 _ 2 1 - 1 2 4 3 3 - 2 1 1 1 - - - 1 2 5 4 - 2 4 3 1 - 4 4 - 1 1 5 3 2 - - 1 2 2 1 - - 3 - 2 2 1 l 4 1 14 1 1 2 - 1 - 5 - 2 1 1 - - 3 1 1 - 7 - 1 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . I n clu d e s 48 w o r k e r s u n d e r $ 1 . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m eth od o f w a g e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , and (b )a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . I n clu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . Table 17. Occupational Earnings: Kentucky ( N u m b e r a n d s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e sta b lis h m e n ts , M ay 1961) N u m b er■ o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A ll w o r k e r s ____________________ W o m e n _____________________ M en _________________________ N u m b er of w ork ers 3, 911 3, 491 420 A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s $ 1. 26 1. 24 1. 41 Under 1$ 1. 00 82 82 - $ 1. 0 0 and under $ 1. 05 7 58 699 59 $ 1. 05 $ 1 . 10 $ 1 . 15 $ 1. 20 $ 1 . 25 $ 1. 30 $ 1 . 35 $ 1 . 40 $ 1. 45 $ 1 . 50 $ 1 . 55 $ 1 . 60 $ 1 . 65 $ 1. 70 $ 1. 75 $ 1 . 80 $1 . 85 $ 1. 90 $ 1. 95 $ 2 . 00 and $ 1. 10 292 268 24 $ 1 . 15 383 359 24 $ 1 . 25 $ 1. 30 $ 1. 35 $ 1 . 40 348 327 281 259 189 163 21 22 26 217 184 33 339 314 25 $ 1. 20 $ 1 . 45 $ 1. 50 $ 1 . 55 $ 1 . 60 $ 1 . 65 $ 1 . 70 $ 1. 75 $ 1 . 80 $ 1 . 85 288 270 18 169 156 13 129 124 5 131 78 59 19 50 40 43 10 49 42 7 88 13 11 2 18 13 5 $1 . 90 $ 1. 95 $ 2 . 31 11 20 5 11 6 00 over 43 4 39 12 4 8 W om en I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l ( i n s p e c t o r s on ly ) 2b / __________ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (and t h re a d t r i m m e r s ) 2 b / _______ J a n it o r s 2 a / _________ _________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e 2 b / ___________________ S ew in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 2 b / , 3 / ____________ D u n g a r e e s 2 b / _____________ O v e r a lls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s 2 b / _____________ W o rk p a n ts 2 b / ____________ U n derp ressers, m a c h in e 2 b / ______ __________ 49 - - - 1 1 1 - - 3 2 2 _ 2 4 - _ 1 _ _ 1 _ . 219 7 1. 23 1. 03 - 44 4 17 3 37 - 28 - 14 - 9 - 7 - 11 10 10 - _ 17 - _ _ 1 - 14 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 1. 40 - 2 - 2 1 5 4 1 - 3 1 - 13 _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2, 971 880 1. 25 1 . 28 - 613 135 234 59 305 81 282 143 38 155 69 286 114 245 79 134 49 109 53 52 54 20 8 37 17 12 12 37 _ 8 86 233 64 8 4 4 4 _ 4 _ 4 _ 542 1. 36 1. 23 - 66 32 26 148 34 126 12 17 8 _ _ _ 20 28 18 20 21 16 40 20 100 76 90 64 86 16 70 72 101 18 103 18 250 8 16 _ 4 _ 4 _ _ 4 18 1. 39 " ■ 1 - 2 3 " 3 2 1 2 “ " 1 1 1 - - - - - 61 1. 1. 1. 1. 75 79 64 03 1 1 4 1 6 4 2 - - - - 3 3 _ _ 19 19 2 9 9 _ _ _ _ - 3 _ 3 _ 2 _ 1 3 _ 3 _ 1 - 1 1 2 2 2 _ _ 1. 9 24 1. 1. 1. 1. 80 30 29 30 24 3 _ _ _ _ 7 54 1 . 18 1 . 21 - 1 1 1 _ 3 10 4 18 1, 210 1. 1 _ M en C u t t e r s , m a c h in e ------------------T i m e __ ______________________ I n c e n t i v e ___________________ J a n it o r s 2 a / ___________________ R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a c h in e 2 a / __________________ S p r e a d e r s ______________________ T i m e ________________________ I n c e n t i v e ________ ________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , hand 2 b / ___ U n d e rp r es s e r s, m a c h in e 2 b / __________________ W o rk d i s t r ib u t o r s 2 a / ________ 1 2 3 43 18 7 32 30 19 11 _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - 1 1 - 1 1 - 3 - 4 2 1 - - - - - 5 4 - - 1 - 1 - 2 2 1 2 _ 5 4 1 1 1 2 1 _ 1 _ _ _ 3 3 _ 1 1 2 2 1 1 - 2 1 1 _ 1 1 2 1 5 _ _ 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 _ 7 1 _ 16 _ 7 1 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 2 2 6 1 - 2 1 _ - 1 _ _ _ - 1 _ _ 1 2 - _ 2 1 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ 4 3 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f se p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , and (b )a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . I n c lu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ Table 18. Occupational Earnings: Mississippi (N u m b e r and s tr a ig h t-t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , M ay 1961) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— O c c u p a t io n and s e x N um ber of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 U n der $ 1 .0 0 A ll w o r k e r s _ W o m e n ______________________ M e n __________________________ 4, 348 3, 828 520 $ 1 . 15 1 . 12 1. 33 123 123 169 14 45 1. 14 1. 03 1. 07 _ $ 1. 15 $ 1. 20 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1. 30 $ 1 . 35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 . 60 $ 1 . 70 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $2. 00 $ 2 . 10 $ 1. 20 $ 1 . 25 $ 1 . 30 $ 1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1. 50 $ 1 . 60 $ 1 . 70 $ 1 . 80 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2. $ 2. 10 $ 2 523 471 52 342 307 35 342 289 53 195 161 34 204 166 38 143 87 56 104 87 17 102 88 81 24 10 2 21 8 15 47 28 19 27 15 14 12 16 8 3 18 14 _ 22 8 10 1 _ _ _ _ 3 _ - - 2 _ 1 1 - _ _ - $ 1 . 05 $ 1. $ 1. 10 $ 1 . 15 1, 643 1, 565 78 398 359 39 67 13 $ 1.0 0 and und er $ 1 .0 5 10 $2. 20 $ 2 . 30 and 66 00 $ 2 . 30 over 6 8 3 3 8 5 5 - - . 20 - W om en I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (and t h re a d t r i m m e r s ) 2 b /__ _ _____ J a n it o r s 2 a / ____________________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , h a n d 2 b / — P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e 2 b / ---------------------------S ew in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 2 b / , 3 / ____________ W o rk p a n ts 2 b / _____________ W o rk s h ir t s ^ b / ____________ W o rk d i s t r ib u t o r s 2 a / ------ 6 8 25 - 36 4 1 4 _ 2 - 105 1. 14 - 51 4 11 11 5 2 11 2 2 _ 3 - 2 - - 1 - - - , 849 1, 535 1, 100 1 . 12 _ - 1, 252 538 637 359 238 96 243 139 72 227 143 63 127 122 7 1 2 12 6 - - 2 20 22 2 - 4 4 1 93 46 23 27 1 1 - - - " " - 39 25 13 - 15 86 58 30 24 5 59 40 1 287 160 106 5 " " " ' " - - ~ 16 14 3 3 - 4 4 4 - 4 3 1 1 2 - - 2 2 21 1. 14 1 . 09 1. 15 69 41 28 17 1. 50 1 .4 0 1. 67 1 . 06 - 6 7 68 1. 30 - 13 2 38 40 1. 73 1. 23 1 .4 0 1 . 08 1. 13 _ _ - - 10 12 - M en C u t t e r s , m a c h i n e _____________ T im e ............................................ I n ce n tiv e ___________________ J a n it o r s 2 a / ____________________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e 2 b / ___ ____ _ R e p a ir m e n , se w in g m a c h in e 2 a / __ __ ___ S p r e a d e r s 2 a / --------------------------S to ck c l e r k s 2 a / _______________ W a tch m en 2 a / —-----------------------W ork d i s t r ib u t o r s 2 a / ------------- 1 2 3 12 22 51 11 6 4 14 5 8 5 3 5 5 - 8 6 2 - 4 - 4 4 - - - 3 3 - 18 3 5 8 2 3 2 - 3 7 3 4 - _ _ 16 3 3 5 _ - 4 - 8 2 1 3 _ 2 6 6 1 _ 2 - - 2 2 1 - 2 - - 4 - - 5 5 - 1 1 1 - 1 7 - - 1 2 3 3 - 8 6 4 1 2 1 - - 2 - 4 - - _ 5 * - 1 - E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s, and la te s h ift s . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m eth od o f w ag e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s . In clu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . _ - 2 - Table 19. Occupational Earnings: Missouri ( N u m b e r a n d s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s i n s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s ta b lis h m e n ts , M ay 1961) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A ll w o r k e r s ---------------------------W om en _____________________ M en -------------------------------------- h o u r ly of w o r k e r s earn in gs 1 4 , 153 3, 594 559 $ 1 . 37 1. 32 1 . 69 9 $1. 00 $1. 05 $ 1 . 1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 . u n d er $1. 05 $ 1 . 1 0 $1. 15 $ 1 . $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $1. 45 $1. 50 $1. 55 $ 1 . 60 $1. 65 $1. 70 $1. 75 $ 1 . 80 $ 1 . 90 $2 . 00 $2 . 10 $2 . $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $1. 40 $1. 45 $1. 50 $1. 55 $ 1 . 60 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $1. 75 $ 1 . 80 $1. 90 $ 2 . 00 $2 . 10 $2 . 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2. 50 $2 . 60 $2. 70 o v e r 20 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2. 50 $2 . 60 $2. 7 0 and 20 162 152 257 241 228 208 10 16 20 342 306 36 278 266 306 288 18 232 227 205 161 201 31 22 11 1 .7 4 703 40 259 234 25 12 150 151 124 27 110 154 1 17 37 62 70 39 31 139 77 62 72 63 9 38 24 14 10 27 4 1 18 6 35 3 32 9 8 11 29 15 14 26 58 4 26 15 24 6 21 1 2 743 - 3 3 _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 8 W om en C u t t e r s , m a c h in e 3 b / ________ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (In s p e c t o r s o n l y ) 3 b / ---------------I n s p e c t o r s , finaT~(and t h re a d t r i m m e r s ) ___________________ T i m e ------------------------------------I n ce n tiv e ___________________ P r e s s e r s , fi n is h , h a n d 3 b / — P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e 3 b / __________________ S ew in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 4 / _________________ T im e ____________________ In c e n tiv e ----------------------D u n g a r e e s 3 b / _____________ O v e r a l ls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s 3 b / _____________ W a sh a b le s e r v i c e a p p a r e l 3 b / ----------------------W ork p a n ts -------------------------_______________ / ___________ 3b 1. 40 11 4 1 - 5 11 6 11 6 4 7 8 2 3 - - 3 2 1 1 1 - - - - - 4 3 10 19 7 8 6 3 8 1 1 1 5 - 2 1 - - - - - 1 2 - 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - 5 - - 2 - 3 3 - 7 5 3 3 - 9 9 7 1 4 4 6 7 - 2 12 5 5 16 1. 37 1. 17 1 .4 5 1 .4 0 1 1 - - - - - 53 1 .4 6 5 1 2 3 3 5 2 4 5 6 3 3 1 1 1 - 2 3 - - 1 - 2 - - - 2, 983 310 2, 673 595 259 336 60 134 3 131 41 197 197 48 193 17 176 38 202 212 160 177 112 97 70 91 51 37 69 50 14 12 15 7 2 3 1 6 18 184 38 245 13 232 44 231 231 50 212 160 37 19 69 32 50 32 15 7 2 3 1 6 20 51 19 12 31 91 34 14 27 97 27 70 51 177 37 112 686 1. 32 1. 03 1. 35 1 .4 4 6 10 10 6 _ 1 1 4 385 1. 31 47 15 34 40 34 46 33 33 19 16 8 9 11 13 11 2 8 2 4 - - - - - - - 399 939 1 .4 4 1 . 20 12 24 72 50 43 44 43 54 38 35 27 14 21 8 8 5 5 5 4 1 2 - - 1 1 _ - 2 2 1 4 14 15 9 58 16 67 33 47 7 56 2 _ _ _ 1 .01 671 531 1. 17 364 256 108 93 10 268 In c e n tiv e W ork s h ir t s 87 102 43 24 38 31 22 14 15 14 _ 3 _ 1 2 _ _ 14 4 7 2 5 5 5 _ 20 4 14 8 16 - 1 - - - 1 _ - _ - 4 3 4 3 31 31 - 3 1 1 6 2 1 1 4 2 2 2 - 2 9 9 _ 6 2 1 _ - 3 1 1 _ - 4 _ 4 _ 4 _ _ 7 _ 7 17 2 6 - - 1 - 2 2 3 1 - 1 1 3 - 8 - 4 3 3 3 4 - 5 1 - 2 - - 29 73 28 1. 31 1 - 5 5 - 2 1 45 19 58 41 _ 4 _ 5 68 8 1 22 2 6 - 6 55 49 64 37 1 - 1 _ - 2 1 13 66 68 57 46 43 34 1 _ - _ 3 6 1 M en C u t t e r s , m a c h in e ____________ T im e _______________________ I n ce n tiv e ___________________ J a n it o r s 3 a / ___________________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e 3 a / __________________ R e p a ir m e n , se w in g m a c h in e 3 a / ---------------------------S p r e a d e r s 3 a / __________________ W ork d i s t r ib u t o r s ------------------T im e ----------------------------------I n c e n t i v e ___________________ 1 2 3 4 5 84 2 . 02 _ 60 24 57 1. 89 2. 35 1. 35 5 19 1. 65 11 39 26 50 39 2. 11 18 1 .7 0 1. 29 1 . 26 1. 36 - 4 4 - - - 2 10 10 " " 2 - 1 6 5 1 1 1 7 7 ~ 2 2 5 1 1 1 2 2 4 3 - 2 1 1 1 2 11 8 1 2 2 2 3 3 ■ 3 _ 5 1 1 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . I n clu d e s 43 w o r k e r s u n d e r $ 1 . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . I n clu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d ition to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 1 at $ 2 . 70 to $ 2 . 80; 4 at $ 2 . 80 to $ 2 . 90; 2 at $ 3 . 30 and o v e r . bO -a to cc Table 20. Occupational Earnings: North Carolina ( N u m b e r an d s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , M ay 1961) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A l l w o r k e r s __________________ W o m e n -------------------------------M e n -------------------------------------- A vera ge $ 1 .0 0 h o u r ly U n d er of and w o r k e r s e a r n in g s 1 $ u n d er 1 . 00 $ 1 .0 5 2, 754 2, 477 277 $ 1. 20 1. 17 1 .4 0 68 - 838 795 43 132 16 1 . 21 1 .0 1 - 32 14 56 68 $ 1 . 15 $ 1. 20 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1. 30 $ 1 . 35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1. 50 $ 1 . 55 $ 1 . 60 $ 1 . 65 $ 1. 70" $ 1 . 80 $1.90 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $ 1. 20 $ 1. 25 $ 1 . 30 $ 1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1. 55 $ 1 . 60 $ 1. 65 $ 1 . 70 $ 1 . 80 $1. 90 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 272 256 16 238 217 197 173 24 170 153 17 169 149 123 100 88 61 53 69 58 8 9 8 11 19 14 5 10 12 58 49 9 38 26 12 32 25 7 27 1 11 20 12 17 6 2 7 13 - 14 - 12 5 - 13 - 19 - 3 3 - 4 - - 2 - - - - - - $ 1 .0 5 $ 1. $ 1. 10 $ 1 . 15 239 224 15 12 2 10 and 21 2 over 6 13 13 - - " " 6 - - W om en I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (and t h re a d t r i m m e r s ) 2 b / ______ J a n it o r s 2 a / ___________________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e 2 b / --------------------------S ew in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 2 b / , 3 / ----------------D u n g a r e e s 2 b ____________ O v e r a lls and in d u s t r i a l g a r m e n t s 2 b / --------W o rk pa n ts 2 b / ---------------W ork s h ir t s 2 b / __________ J ~ - - 1 . 11 - 25 6 10 2 5 1 3 1 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 705 692 1. 18 1. 17 - 593 291 134 44 192 54 155 54 124 47 110 105 39 65 18 64 30 43 28 49 23 22 23 14 3 - 13 4 3 - 5 2 2 - - - 348 240 241 1. - 120 29 14 33 24 46 32 38 27 30 14 23 19 26 18 20 27 5 7 7 10 6 2 6 1 2 4 5 4 3 " 1 2 - - - - - - 10 3 ~ 4 1 2 2 1 _ - 3 3 - _ " 46 - 7 3 4 “ - - ■ 6 5 - - - 2 6 1 2 2 - " ■ - " ' • - ■ - 18 1 .1 6 1 .1 9 " 80 56 - - - 7 6 5 - - - - 10 1 1 1 22 33 7 13 11 12 9 2 ' M en C u t t e r s , m a c h i n e ------------------T i m e _____________________ I n c e n t i v e --------- ----------------J a n it o r s 2 a / ____ _________ ___ R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a c h in e 2 a / -------------------------S p r e a d e r s -------------------------------I n c e n t i v e ___________________ S to ck c l e r k s 2 a / ----- --------- — W o rk d i s t r ib u t o r s 2 a / ----------- 1 2 3 4 27 9 18 18 1. 83 1. 67 1 .9 0 1. 04 29 29 13 13 48 1 .9 3 1 . 21 1 .4 0 1. 25 1. 19 - - 4 6 2 5 2 6 . - ■ 2 2 15 2 - - 3 4 3 3 5' 2 _ - _ - _ - - 2 3 3 - - 1 1 2 - 2 2 2 - 1 - 1 1 2 1 1 - - 6 2 4 _ - 1 1 " " 8 1 1 2 - - - - 6 - _ - E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s by m eth od o f w ag e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . In clu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s f o l l o w s ; 2 at $ 2 .3 0 to $ 2. 4 0; 4 at $ 2 .4 0 to $ 2. 50. - _ Table 21. Occupational Earnings: Pennsylvania (N u m b e r and s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k clo th in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , M ay 1961) O c c u p a t io n and s e x N u m b er A v e r a g e of h o u r ly w o r k e r s e a rn in g s 1 U nder $ 1 00 A ll w o r k e r s . W o m e n ___ M en _____ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (and t h re a d t r i m m e r s ) 2 b / ____ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , hand z b / ___________________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e 2 b / ________________ S ew ing m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 3 ________________ I n c e n t i v e _____________ D u n g a r e e s _______________ I n c e n t i v e _____________ O v e r a l ls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s 2 b / __________ W o rk p a n ts 2 b / __________ T h rea d tr im m e r s ( c le a n e r s ) _________________ I n c e n t i v e _________________ C u tte r s , m a c h in e 2 a / P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e 2 b / __________ R e p a ir m e n , se w in g m a c h in e 2 a / _________ S ew in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 3 -------------I n c e n t i v e __________ S p r e a d e r s 2 a / ________ W a tch m e n 2 a / _________ W o rk d i s t r ib u t o r s 2 a / 1, 933 1 ,6 7 3 260 $ 1. 35 1. 31 1. 63 17 17 N um b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c :eiv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of— $ 1. 05 $ 1 . 1 0 $1.15 $ 1 . 2 0 $1.25 $ 1.30 $ 1.35 $1.40 $1.45 $1.50 $1.60 $ 1 .7 0 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2 . 6 0 $2.70 $ 2 .8 0 $2.90 _ under and $ 1. 05 $ 1 . 1 0 $1.15 $ 1 . 2 0 $1.25 $1.30 $1.35 $ 1.40 $1.45 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2 . 6 0 $2. 70 $2.80 $ 2 .9 0 $ 1. 00 384 373 82 71 188 176 112 11 11 12 16 96 128 109 19 175 150 25 89 85 4 78 69 9 105 80 25 67 61 138 106 68 121 88 6 17 18 52 16 21 34 25 9 _ 1 60 39 17 14 3 21 18 18 4 4 11 21 11 21 3 3 9 1 27 5 5 6 13 5 5 4 4 g 8 1 4 8 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 4 4 4 4 - - - 2 - _ _ 3 10 10 2 7 3 3 7 7 7 4 4 1 43 1. 6 1 6 1 4 3 21 1. 09 - 14 - 4 - - 2 - - - - - - _ 32 1. 40 - 3 - 4 1 1 - 5 1 4 1 6 2 4 1. 1. 1. 1. 34 36 52 54 - 252 248 42 38 68 54 53 10 1 " 20 4 6 6 7 1 45 45 3 3 98 98 15 15 41 41 7 7 29 29 11 60 60 13 13 66 65 8 105 98 7 7 68 20 138 58 17 17 71 65 169 162 370 348 1. 39 1. 27 - 22 17 88 16 11 19 24 22 30 21 8 50 16 25 14 14 34 32 43 17 16 19 28 13 5 82 56 1. 15 1. 19 _ 24 8 13 8 11 10 4 12 10 10 7 3 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 31 1. 96 _ _ _ _ _ . . 3 5 2 8 6 1 5 1 19 1. 95 - - - 2 - - - - - 1 2 2 - - - 1 2 - 1 _ _ 3 _ i i 12 2. 44 - 1 - - 1 2 - 3 - - - 1 _ _ _ 44 22 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2 3 3 5 9 3 4 4 _ _ _ 1 1 1, 212 1 , 101 16 18 8 40 18 81 83 46 14 24 19 78 - - - - - - - - 3 3 11 62 _ - _ - _ - - - 2 2 6 2 3 7 _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ 3 1 _ 13 1 7 66 10 10 8 6 6 5 5 1 14 14 - - 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 3 - - 1 1 1 _ 3 _ 2 1 3 3 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . In c lu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n in a d d ition to t h o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 1 at $ 2 . 90 to $ 3 ; 3 a t $ 3. 30 to $ 3 . 40. Table 22. Occupational Earnings: Tennessee ( N u m b e r a n d s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s ta b lis h m e n ts , M ay 1961) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s oi O c c u p a t io n and s e x N u m ber A v era g e h o u r ly U n der of w o r k e r s e a r n in g s 1 $ 1.0 0 A l l w o r k e r s ___________________ W om en ____________________ M en -------------------------------------- 6, $ 1 .00 and u n d er $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .0 5 $ 1. 10 $1. 15 $ 1 . 20 $1. 25 $ 1. 30 $ 1 . 35 $ 1. 10 $ 1 . 15 $ 1 . 20 $1. 25 $1. 30 $ 1 . 35 590 556 34 719 624 95 656 615 41 488 453 35 483 449 34 374 322 52 18 12 17 10 2 11 8 1 11 1 16 3 7 - 3 - * 10 8 2 8 - 66 10 44 23 3 11 - 22 2 2 17 6 39 3 5 _ 8 17 441 5 436 7 481 9 472 96 6 6 2 521 4 517 117 39 3 7 375 5 370 106 33 271 4 267 25 218 2 226 98 86 $ 1 .4 0 8 $ 1. 19 1. 17 1. 34 166 166 81 18 63 1. 15 1 .0 8 1. 17 - 252 18 28 1. 17 1 .0 5 1 . 22 1.21 1, $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 . 75 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2. 20 and 588 1, 484 104 154 5, 505 649 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 . 50 $1. 55 $ 1 . 60 $ 1 . 65 $ 1. 45 $1. 50 $1. 55 $ 1 . $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 . 80 54 40 14 35 27 23 39 16 21 23 7 19 9 8 7 18 16 10 8 2 6 " “ - - ' - - _ 3 - 3 - 3 - 2 ' ~ " - - 24 24 9 9 1 1 - - - 2 2 - - 8 4 2 2 2 6 4 4 4 - 20 17 17 14 8 9 31 31 18 5 2 2 - - 10 5 5 3 3 3 2 2 - - 2 2 - 4 4 - - 1 “ - - - 60 $1. 65 $ 1 .7 0 152 128 24 139 109 30 85 64 52 31 21 21 - 2 1 - - - - 1 239 201 202 37 176 25 - $ 1.90 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2. 20 over 21 4 17 W om en I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (i n s p e c t o r s o n ly ) ------------------T im e ------------------- — I n ce n tiv e ---------------------------I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (and th re a d t r i m m e r s ) 2 b / - ------------------Janitors_^_a/ -----------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin is h , h a n d j^ b / — P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e _ f_ b /---------------------------S ew in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 3 — T im e In c e n tiv e ., ..... , , , D u n g a r e e s_ f_ b /---------------------O v e r a l ls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s ^ b / -------------------W o rk p a n t s -------------------------T im e - ----In c e n tiv e - --------------- W o rk s h ir t s 2 6 / _____________ T h read t rim m e rs (clea n ers)_^ _b / -----------------------U n d e r p r e s s e r s , h a n d _ ^ b /-------U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h in e 2 b / — W o rk d i s t r ib u t o r s _ f _ a /------------- . 65 4, 433 27 4, 406 1, 1 2 0 1. 1. 1. 1. 19 14 19 25 - 1 ,9 2 8 1 . 20 1 . 16 _ 798 1.16 - 1 . 10 - 343 1 ,9 4 2 14 59 14 1. 14 1.16 1, 238 1 1, 237 238 1 11 2 1 2 2 391 59 61 ~ 3 - 4 - - 4 - 1 1 " 1 1 " 3 178 1 116 - 5 96 96 34 53 53 24 1 1 177 74 14 48 76 137 137 46 3 8 4 2 - 1 2 9 3 - 1 2 - - 1 1 2 2 2 2 - - 10 8 2 152 152 63 6 36 175 175 107 40 228 24 13 3 5 - 2 2 _ . _ - - - - 16 2 216 27 82 1 .6 0 66 16 42 1. 54 1. 87 1 .0 8 69 1. 28 - 16 3 4 49 54 44 1.9 2 1 . 28 - 5 5 4 4 19 - - 1 1 11 11 8 2 7 - 4 - 1 1 2 - - 1 2 - 29 2 2 2 271 271 ' 7 4 17 183 5 178 52 135 556 556 245 1. 37 1 .1 3 1. 24 8 3 - 2 1 12 1 47 26 1 116 60 6 11 45 45 31 31 22 6 - - 5 24 24 18 10 8 - 21 21 “ - 2 1 - 3 - - - 2 1 1 6 6 6 2 5 - 1 1 1 “ ~ “ 2 ~ - - - - - - 2 2 1 1 9 11 “ 8 1 4 7 “ 4 4 - 2 2 - ' ' “ 2 " 1 7 7 - " 1 M en C u t t e r s , m a c h in e ----------------T im e _______________________ I n ce n tiv e ---------------------------J a n i t o r s ^ a / -----------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e J^_b/ --------- ----------------R e p a ir m e n , sew in g m a c h in e ^ a / --------------------------Sp re a d e r s _________________„___ T im e ----------------------------------I n ce n tiv e ----------------------------S to ck clerk s_f_a / ----------------------U n d e r p r e s s e r s , hand 2 b / -------W a t c h m e n _ f_ a /--------------------------W o rk d istrib u tors_^ _a / ---------- - 1 2 3 4 10 19 8 10 91 1. 23 1. 52 1. 32 1 . 16 1.06 1. 17 1 2 3 5 4 4 4 8 8 1 1 _ 6 9 - - 5 1 " " " 8 1 1 4 5 2 5 10 2 4 8 “ 1 2 _ 2 1 ~ “ " - - 4 3 - 7 4 3 3 1 6 2 4 1 1 18 - 4 - - - - 4 - 2 2 1 5 - 3 7 3 3 - 4 3 1 4 4 - 3 - 5 - 3 - 5 - 1 2 6 1 1 1 2 1 1 - 2 1 - - E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r ra n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m eth od o f w age p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . I n clu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s f o l lo w s : 2 at $ 2 .2 0 to $ 2 .3 0 ; 3 at $ 2 .3 0 to $ 2 .4 0 ; 3 at $ 2 .5 0 to $ 2 .6 0 ; 3 at $ 2 .7 0 and o v e r . - ' 4 11 - Table 23. Occupational Earnings: Texas (N u m b e r an d s t r a i g h t -t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , M ay 1961) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A ll w o r k e r s ___________________ W o m e n _____________________ M en -------------------------------------- h o u r ly of w o r k e r s e a rn in g s 1 $ 1 . 0 0 $1.05 $ 1 . 1 0 $1.15 $ 1 . 2 0 $1.25 $1.30 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1.40 $1.45 $1.50 $1.55 $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.90 $2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 Under $ and under 1. 00 $1.05 $ 1 . 1 0 $1.15 $ 1 . 2 0 $1.25 $1.30 $1.35 $1.40 $1.45 $1.50 $1.55 $ 1 . 6 0 $1.65 $ 1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 o v e r 4, 046 3, 575 471 $ 1. 20 1. 17 1. 39 49 14 35 1. 24 1. 02 1. 32 - 133 1. 17 1 . 11 71 70 1, 352 1, 296 56 340 50 411 336 75 11 8 8 3 6 2 - 38 4 12 1 18 _ 22 4 244 244 58 148 33 3 1 290 370 331 39 271 245 202 159 140 19 10 90 87 3 75 64 24 203 180 23 119 109 26 11 75 62 13 4 2 2 5 2 6 2 6 1 4 2 2 5 2 6 2 26 9 18 3 1 3 1 1 3 _ 4 7 3 7 2 2 1 1 287 284 46 207 30 254 254 202 1 61 199 40 137 158 156 54 87 16 130 130 49 77 4 93 93 43 42 8 69 69 19 43 7 53 53 21 158 38 94 25 1 1 3 5 2 1 1 _ _ 1 5 1 " - 2 2 - - 1 - 1 1 2 _ 2 2 1 1 - 1 _ 226 48 37 44 31 13 24 29 21 21 11 _ 7 2 21 21 12 12 15 15 15 _ 15 12 14 _ _ _ _ 3 8 42 16 26 24 14 28 10 13 7 8 2 6 2 _ 7 _ 10 2 10 18 6 6 4 1 7 8 1 W om en I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (and t h re a d t r i m m e r s ) 2 b / _______ J a n ito r s 2 a / ____________________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m p rh inp 2 h / Sew ing m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 3 / __________________ I n c e n t i v e -----------------------D u n g a r e e s 2 b / --------------------W o rk p a n ts 2 b / _____________ W o rk s h ir t s 2 b / ___________ T h rea d tr im m e r s (c le a n e r s ) 2 b / _______________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , h a n d 2 b / ____ 16 54 1. 14 _ 2, 980 - 2, 819 677 1, 840 332 1 . 18 1 . 18 1 . 21 1 . 18 1. 12 - 1, 146 996 177 712 148 37 16 1. 07 1. 25 _ 25 - 2 46 30 - 100 116 34 1 _ 2 1 57 57 30 30 4 24 21 20 31 1 34 3 _ _ _ - - 2 1 _ 4 3 1 1 3 3 _ 4 2 _ _ 2 6 _ 15 15 13 13 10 10 2 2 2 2 1 1 12 4 4 _ _ _ _ 10 4 2 2 _ _ _ 2 2 2 2 1 _ _ - - - 1 " “ 2 - - _ _ _ _ M en C u tte r s, m a c h in e ____________ T i m e ------------------------------------I n ce n tiv e ___________________ J a n it o r s 2 a / ____________________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e 2 b / __________________ R e p a ir m e n , se w in g m p r b in p ^ a / S p read ers 2h / _ S tock c l e r k s 2 a / _______________ W a trh m en 2 a7 W o rk d i s t r ib u t o r s 2 a / _________ 1 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 11 11 5 3 20 1. 23 - 3 4 4 2 33 38 15 2. . 2 2 1 1 1 _ _ 2 1 _ _ 1 1 3 3 _ 4 5 2 7 7 _ 6 2 2 1 2 _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 18 12 1 . 21 1 . 21 1. 10 74 1 . 11 6 _ _ _ 2 2 4 24 1 17 9 4 4 1 4 13 9 3 3 4 4 4 1 3 3 2 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts. data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d of w a g e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . I n c lu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . A ll w o r k e r s w e r e at $ 2 . 70 to $ 2 . 80. * I n s u ffic ie n t 4 77 77 77 09 - 35 1. 1. 1. 1. 16 1 _ 1 4 5 W Table 24. Occupational Earnings: Virginia to ( N u m b e r a n d s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k c lo th in g m a n u fa c t u r in g J" r ........ I!W ' "- i.n - if- 'r -y ■ ' e s ta b lis h m e n ts , M ay 1961) m O c c u p a t io n and s e x * N u m b er o f w o r k e r s :r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— A vera ge h o u r ly of U n der w o r k e r s e a r n in g s 1 $ 1.0 0 A ll w o r k e r s _ --------- --------- _ ------------------------------W om en M en ------ -- -------,---- Z, 836 2, 505 331 $ $1 . 0 0 and un d er $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .0 5 . $ 1 . 10 $1. 15 $ 1 . 20 $1. 25 $ 1. 30 $ 1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 . 50 $1. 55 $ 1 . 60 $ 1. 65 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 . 75 $ 1 . 80 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2. $ 1. 10 $ 1 . 15 $ 1 . 20 $ 1 . 45 $1. 50 $1. 55 $ 1 . 60 $1. 65 $ 1 .7 0 $1. 25 $1. 30 $ 1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 145 124 136 125 86 108 12 21 11 82 4 4 - 5 1 1 " “ " 104 72 60 44 52 30 30 21 11 13 9 3 4 1. 16 1. 14 29 52 50 1. 2 1, 190 1, 099 91 269 237 32 285 241 44 183 170 13 157 1 . 16 70 3 10 2 9 - 6 1 .0 5 - 20 11 120 $ 1. 75 $ 1 . 80 $ 1 .9 0 18 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2. 20 over 84 70 14 53 48 5 35 29 31 23 27 10 21 16 13 5 28 15 13 9 5 4 9 3 5 10 8 8 1 8 24 17 7 23 6 7 6 8 8 2 6 1 1 - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - " 1 2 " - 1 " 19 15 11 5 4 8 6 3 2 2 1 7 11 6 - - 4 - - 3 2 - 1 - 1 1 - 3 4 3 22 W om en I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (and th re a d t r i m m e r s ) 2 b / _______ J a n ito r s 2 a / ------------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a chin e_f_b/ --------------------------S ew ing m a c h in e o p e ra to rs b / , -------------------D u n g a rees_f_b /----------------------O v e r a l ls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s j b / --------------------W o rk p a n ts 2 b / --------------------- \ J 6 - 3 - 28 1. 15 " 19 1 1 1 ,9 7 1 1, 350 1. 14 1 .1 3 - 908 197 152 142 86 604 191 157 102 47 108 73 138 346 1. 19 1 . 16 _ 43 164 14 15 13 23 14 19 10 10 8 2 12 3 1 2 - 28 19 20 14 8 12 7 4 41 31 1. 58 1. 45 1 .0 7 _ - 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ - - - 1 - 8 8 2 - 2 2 - - 5 5 _ - 6 6 _ - 2 2 - 1 - 11 6 - 4 - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 24 32 9 47 1. 77 1 . 18 1 . 10 1 .0 9 - - 3 - 1 3 1 1 - 1 - 2 - - 2 - 3 - 2 2 5 - - 2 2 3 4 1 5 - M en C u t t e r s , m a c h in e ----------------T im e ----------------------------------J a n ito r s 2 a / -----------------------------R e p a ir m e n , sew in g m achin e_f_a/ --------------------------S p r e a d e r 8 _f_a/ --------------------------W a tch m e n 2 a / --------------------------W o rk d i s t r i b u t o r s ^ / ------------ 1 2 3 17 3 - 2 2 2 16 9 11 3 - - 2 1 2 1 - - - E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f se p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m eth od o f w a g e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . In c lu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 20 and 2 1 - - - 2 2 - - Table 25. Minimum Rates ( N u m b e r o f w o r k c lo th in g m a n u fa c t u r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s tu d ie d b y m i n i m u m h o u r ly e n t r a n c e a n d jo b r a t e s o f t i m e - r a t e d p r o d u c t io n a n d r e l a t e d w o r k e r s , U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y —J u n e 1 9 6 1 ) U n ited Sta tes M in im u m ra te 2 M id d le A tla n tic E n tr a n c e ra te 36 71 71 26 26 32 32 32 32 11 11 16 34 33 59 59 24 24 32 27 32 32 11 11 2 31 _ 17 _ 6 1 - 6 _ 5 - 17 17 E s ta b lis h m e n t s h a v in g an e s t a b lis h e d m in im u m ------------------- 215 209 16 135 14 - $ 1 .1 5 ................................................ ...... $ 1 . 2 0 ______________________________ $ 1. 225 and o v e r ________________ E s ta b lis h m e n t s h a v in g no e s t a b lis h e d m in im u m ------------------- J ob ra te E n tr a n c e ra te 1 1 „ _ _ _ _ 42 23 - 20 1 26 8 1 22 1 4 - 1 2 2 - - - 13 5 5 - " - 1 2 - - " 1 1 1 1 2 2 12 12 2 2 1 1 - - 1 1 1 - - " 3 - 5 6 _ - _ - _ - _ - 6 18 1 _ 4 3 19 25 1 1 2 _ Job ra te 2 1 5 . J ob ra te 57 - ? 15 - . 27 4 - 1 6 - P a c if i c 36 234 20 M id d le: W est E n tr a n c e ra te E n tr a n c e ra te 234 3 186 5 7 G r e a t L a k es E n tr a n c e ra te J ob ra te ----------------- U n d er $ 1. 00 ____________________ $ 1 . 0 0 ______________________________ $ 1 . 0 5 ______________________________ $ 1 . 07 ------------- ------------------------------$ 1 . 1 0 ____ _________________________ $ 1 . 1 2 ______________________________ $ 1. 125 ____________________________ S ou th w est S o u th ea st E n tr a n c e ra te J ob ra te E s ta b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d B o r d e r S ta tes J ob ra te E n tr a n c e ra te 3 1 - 1 - J ob ra te E n tr a n c e ra te Job ra te 2 2 5 5 " - - 2 2 1 ~ 6 3 4 - 1 - 5 1 M in im u m h o u r ly e n t r a n c e and jo b ra te s r e f e r to the lo w e s t ra te s fo r m a l ly e s t a b lis h e d f o r in e x p e r i e n c e d and e x p e r ie n c e d t i m e - r a t e d w o r k e r s , r e s p e c t i v e ly , in u n s k ille d p r o d u c t io n and r e la t e d o c c u p a t io n s in th e e s t a b lis h m e n t , e x c e p t w a tch m en , a p p r e n t ic e s , h a n d ica p p e d , and su p era n n u a ted w o r k e r s . 2 I n clu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 00 00 Table 26. Scheduled Weekly Hours (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , 1 U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d W e e k ly h o u r s A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s 1961) B o r d e r S tates S ou th ea st S ou th w est G rea t L akes M id d le W est P a c ific 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 __________________________ (3 ) (3 ) 1 3 _ - _ _ 3 _ _ 93 3 - _ _ 100 1 (3 ) 93 1 D ata r e la t e to the p r e d o m in a n t w o r k s c h e d u le in e a ch e s ta b lis h m e n t, In clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , M a y —J u n e M id d le A tla n tic h o u r s ____________________________________________ hours . ... . _ _____________________ h o u r s ------------ _ h o u r s ____________________________________________ h o u r s ________ ______________________________ 3 7 V2 h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------------40 h o u r s ____________________________________________ 43 h o u r s _____ ... ___ _ NOTE: r e g io n s, U n ited S ta te s 1 2 20 24 28 32 36 1 2 3 OJ r e g a r d le s s _ 3 4 4 89 ~ 5 2 _ 4 _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ 94 3 90 100 100 “ - - - o f sex. su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u al to ta ls . Table 27. Paid Holidays (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o r k clo th in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith fo r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p a id h o lid a y s , U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M ay— June 1961) U n ited S ta tes N u m b e r o f p a id h o lid a y s A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------- B o r d e r Sta tes S ou th ea st S ou th w est G r e a t L a k es M id d le W est P a c if i c 100 100 100 100 10 0 100 87 - 53 41 - 75 - 6 8 10 16 2 4 4 4 16 8 9 40 17 81 5 34 5 36 92 50 42 89 54 36 59 25 19 8 11 100 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id h o lid a y s ------------------------------------------------------1 day ------------------------------------------------------------------2 d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------------3 d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------------4 d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------------5 d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------------6 d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------------6 d a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ------------------------------------7 d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id h o lid a y s ------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 M id d le A tla n tic 100 1 62 (2) 3 2 2 4 31 (2) 19 60 42 5 38 13 47 In clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B ecau se of r o u n d in g , su m s of 1 3 - in d iv i d u a l ite m s m ay not e q u a l to t a ls . 1 Table 28. Paid Vacations (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w ork clo th in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p a id v a c a t io n s , a ft e r s e l e c t e d p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , U n ited Sta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , M a y — June 1961) U nited States 1 V a c a t io n p o l i c y A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------- M id d le A tla n tic B o r d e r S ta tes S ou th ea st S ou th w est G r e a t L a k es M id d le W est P a c if i c 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 89 35 53 ( 2) 1 89 64 19 6 92 38 55 - 83 21 62 - - - - 97 63 34 - 90 35 49 6 93 36 58 - 89 27 63 - 11 11 8 17 3 10 7 11 28 7 20 41 45 1 33 5 14 6 41 b _ 28 82 1 4 1 46 6 36 - 81 2 78 97 82 93 - - 89 - 4 - - - - - ~ " 6 - - 78 2 6 1 46 6 36 80 3 2 75 3 4 86 79 2 2 6 91 2 81 - 8 - - 65 4 17 1 46 6 36 70 23 71 18 - - 28 ( 3) 59 1 1 7 6 75 _ 6 87 - _ 77 12 100 M e th o d o f p a y m e n t W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id v a c a t io n s ____________________________________ L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t --------------------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ---------------------------------------F la t - s u m p a y m e n t ---------------- ------------------------O t h e r ----------------------- -------- ------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id v a c a t io n s ________________________________ A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 3 A f t e r 6 m o n th s o f s e r v i c e U n d er 1 w e e k ______________________________________ 1 w e e k _______________________________________________ " A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ___________ __ ____________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ________________________ 2 w e e k s _________________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ________________________ A fte r 2 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ______________________________________________ __ ______ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ___________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ______________________ “ " - 11 - - A fte r 3 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k _______________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ___________________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ________________________ 51 16 18 - 68 3 11 ~ 20 77 " 59 2 23 6 36 46 - 38 60 - 6 71 13 - A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 4 1 w e e k ______________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ____________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ____________________ __ 3 w e e k s ______ _____________________________________ 43 49 - I n clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . V a c a t io n p a y m e n ts s u c h as p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s and f l a t - s u m a m ou n ts w e r e c o n v e r t e d to an e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s is . P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b it r a r i ly ch o s e n and do not r e f le c t the in d iv id u a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n s . F o r e x a m p le , ch a n g es in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a te d at 5 y e a r s m a y in c lu d e ch a n g e s in p r o v is i o n s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 3 and 5 y e a r s . 4 V a c a t io n p r o v is i o n s w e r e v ir t u a lly the sa m e a ft e r lo n g e r p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e . 1 2 3 NOTE: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i t e m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a ls . W oi Table 29. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s T y p e o f p la n in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s U n ited S tates 1 A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ___________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L ife i n s u r a n c e ___________________ __ _________ A c c id e n t a l d ea th and d i s m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e _______________________________ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b o t h 3 __________________________ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e ________ S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y , no w a itin g p e r io d ) ______________________________________ S ic k le a v e (p a r t ia l p a y o r w a itin g p e r io d ) ______________________________________ H o s p ita liz a t io n in s u r a n c e ------------------------------S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e ------------------------------------------M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e --------------------------------------------C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e ------------------------------------R e t ir e m e n t p e n s i o n -------------------------------------------N o h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p l a n s ------ 1 2 3 2 M id d le A tla n tic w it h s p e c i f i e d h e a l t h , B o r d e r Sta tes in su ra n c e , S ou th ea st w C \ and p e n sio n p la n s , S ou th w est U n ite d S ta t e s and s e le c t e d G r e a t L a k es r e g io n s, M a y —J u n e M id d le W est 1961) P a c if i c 100 100 100 70 76 77 81 35 35 19 36 17 17 22 38 19 22 49 47 59 45 48 48 - - 3 11 - 6 2 - - 6 2 76 69 19 4 18 14 65 55 18 55 61 50 19 3 32 88 67 77 30 69 62 13 4 17 15 100 100 100 100 100 70 60 40 77 28 - 13 36 35 30 78 78 3 22 77 13 4 13 7 11 26 17 8 71 71 36 77 69 29 ■ " 45 17 21 5 In clu d e s o n ly t h o s e p la n s f o r w h ic h at le a s t p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e by the e m p lo y e r and e x c lu d e s le g a lly r e q u ir e d p la n s su c h as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n . In clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . U n d u p lic a te d to t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e show n s e p a r a t e ly . Table 30. Nonproduction Bonuses (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o r k clo th in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith s p e c i fie d ty p es o f n o n p r o d u c tio n b o n u s e s , U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , M ay—June 1961) T y p e o f b on u s U n ited States A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s -----------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s ----------------------- -------- ---C h r is t m a s o r y e a r e n d __________________ ______ P r o f i t s h a rin g ----------------------------------------------------O th er ______________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith no n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s ----------------------------------------- 1 2 1 M id d le A tla n tic 100 NOTE: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , su m s S ou th ea st S ou th w est G r e a t L a k es M id d le W est P a c if i c 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 40 36 3 ( 2) 23 23 58 58 _ 39 35 4 43 41 - _ 1 _ 31 14 17 _ 18 18 _ _ 59 59 _ _ 60 77 42 61 57 69 82 41 In clu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o se sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . B o r d e r S ta tes o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n ot e q u a l t o t a ls . 1 Appendix A: Scope and Method of Survey Scope of Survey The survey included establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing men’ s and boys’ work shirts, pants, and other work clothing and washable service apparel (industry 2328 as defined in the 1957 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, prepared by the U .S . Bureau of the Budget). Separate auxiliary units such as central offices were excluded. The establishments studied were selected from those employing 20 or more workers at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists. The number of establishments and workers actually studied by the Bureau, as well as the number estimated to be within the scope of the survey during the payroll period studied, are shown in the table below. Estimated number of establishments and workers in the work clothing industry and number studied, May— June 1961 Number of establishments 2 Workers in establishments Studied Within scope of study Production Total 3 Total workers Within scope of study Studied United States 4 ----------------------------- 369 234 56, 348 51.594 43,274 Middle Atlantic --------------------------Pennsylvania -------------------------Border States -----------------------------Kentucky-------------------------------Virginia---------------------------------Southeast ----------------------------------Alabama --------------------------------Georgia ---------------------------------Mississippi-----------------------------North Carolina ------------------------Tennessee -----------------------------Southwest----------------------------------Texas ----------------------------------Great L akes--------------------------------Indiana ---------------------------------Middle West ------------------------------Missouri --------------------------------Pacific--------------------------------------California ------------------------------ 37 25 48 19 16 116 8 38 20 19 31 43 25 50 17 40 28 24 20 17 13 36 17 13 71 6 21 11 10 23 26 16 32 15 32 24 11 8 2,804 2,056 8, 317 4,090 3,078 21,915 1, 526 6, 187 4, 460 3,172 6,570 8, 258 4,820 5,351 2, 901 6,023 4,615 2,777 2,014 2,552 1,933 7,837 3,911 2,836 20, 447 1,475 5,713 4,348 2,754 6,154 7, 271 4, 046 4, 776 2, 640 5,432 4, 153 2, 501 1,830 1,801 1,425 7, 234 3, 970 2,678 16,443 1,385 4, 647 2, 868 1,882 5,661 5,533 3, 609 4, 542 2,759 5,081 4, 170 1,940 1,365 Regions1 and States 1 The regions used in this study included: Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Border States— Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia: Southeast— Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; Southwest-—Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; Great Lakes—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Middle West—Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; and Pacific— California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. 2 Includes only establishments with 20 or more workers at the time of reference of the unemployment insur ance listings. 3 Includes executive, professional, office, and other workers excluded from the production-worker category shown separately. 4 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study. 37 38 Method of Study Data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field economists under the direction of the Bureau's Assistant Regional Directors for Wages and Industrial Relations. The survey was conducted on a sample basis. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments were given their appropriate weight. All estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry, excluding only those below the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data. Establishment Definition An establishment, for purposes of this study, is defined as a single physical location where industrial operations are performed. An establishment is not necessarily identical with the company, which may consist of one or more establishments. Employment The estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The advance planning necessary to make a wage survey requires the use of lists of estab lishments assembled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied. Production Workers The term "production workers, " as used in this report, includes working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, executive, professional and technical personnel, and force-account construction employees, who were utilized as a separate work force on the firm ’ s own properties, were excluded. Occupations Selected for Study The occupational classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions de signed to take account of inter establishment and interarea variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix B for listing of these job descriptions.) The occupations were chosen for their numerical importance, their usefulness in collective bargaining, or their representa tiveness of the entire job scale in the industry. Working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-tim e, temporary, and probationary workers were not reported in the data for selected occupations, but were included in the data for all pro duction workers. Wage Data The wage information relates to average straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive payments, such as those resulting from piecework or production bonus systems and c o s t-o fliving bonuses, were included as part of the workers' regular pay; but nonproduction bonus payments, such as Christmas or yearend bonuses, were excluded. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing straight-time salary by normal rather than actual h o u rs.8 Comparison With Other Statistics The straight-time hourly earnings presented in this report differ in concept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau’ s monthly hours and earnings series. Unlike the latter, the estimates presented here exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Average earnings were calculated from the weighted data by summing individual hourly earnings and dividing by the number of such individuals. In the monthly series, the sum of the man-hour totals reported by establish ments in the industry were divided into the reported payroll totals. 8 Average hourly rates or earnings for each occupation or other group of workers, such as men, women, or production workers, were obtained by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the rate. 39 The estimates of employment shown in this report differ from those in the Bureau*s monthly employment series because of differences in the industrial classification of a number of sample establishments. It was found during the survey that establishments reported recent product changes which are reflected in this study but not in the monthly series. Size of Community Tabulations by size of community pertain to metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The term "metropolitan area, " as used in this report, refers to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas established under the sponsorship of the U .S . Bureau of the Budget. Except in New England, a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area is defined as a county or group of contiguous counties which contains at least 1 city of 50, 000 or more in habitants. Contiguous counties to the one containing such a city are included in a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially m etro politan in character and are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In New England, where the city and town are administratively more important than the county, they are the units used in defining Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. Labor-Management Agreements Separate wage data are presented, where possible, for establishments with (1) a majority of the production workers covered by labor-management contracts, and (Z) none or a minority of the production workers covered by labor-management contracts. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Supplementary benefits and practices were treated statistically on the basis that if formal provisions for supplementary benefits and practices were applicable to half or more of the production workers in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t , the practices or benefits were considered applicable to all such workers. Similarly, if fewer than half of the workers were covered, the practice or benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of lengthof-service and other eligibility requirements, the proportion of workers receiving the bene fits may be smaller than estimated. Because of rounding, the sums of individual i t e m s may not equal totals. Minimum Rates. Minimum entrance rates presented refer to the lowest formal rate established for inexperienced tim e-rated plant workers in unskilled occupations. Mini mum job rates refer to the lowest formal rate established for experienced time-rated plant workers in unskilled occupations. Watchmen, apprentices, handicapped, and superannuated workers are excluded from each group. Weekly Hours. Data refer to the predominant work schedule for full-time production workers employed on the day shift, r e g a r d l e s s o f s e x . Paid Holidays. provided annually. Paid-holiday provisions relate to full-day and half-day holidays Paid Vacations. The summary of vacation plans is limited to formal arrangements, excluding informal plans under which time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer or the supervisor. Payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of Z percent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 week1s pay. The periods of service for which data are presented were selected as representative of the most common practices, but they do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, the changes in proportions indicated at 5 years of service include changes in provisions which may have occurred after 4 years. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans for which all or a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excluding only programs required by law, such as workmen*s compensation and social security. Among the plans included are those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those paid directly by the employer from his current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. 40 Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident in surance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disa bility. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes at least a part of the cost. Tabulations of paid sick-leave plans are limited to formal plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker! s pay during absence from work because of illness; infor mal arrangements have been omitted. Separate tabulations are provided according to (l) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (Z) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors* fees. Such plans may be underwritten by a commercial insurance company or a nonprofit organization, or they may be self-insured. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, in cludes the plans designed to cover employees in case of sickness or injury involving an ex pense which goes beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to plans which provide upon retire ment regular payments for the remainder of the worker's life. Nonproduction Bonuses. Nonproduction bonuses are defined for this study as bonuses that depend on factors other than the output of the individual worker or group of workers. Plans that defer payments beyond 1 year were excluded. Appendix B: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupa tional content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-tim e, temporary, and probationary workers. CUTTER, MACHINE Operates or guides the moving knife or blade of a powered cutting machine along a pattern outline to cut out articles from single or multiple layers of fabric. In addition, may spread or lay up layers of cloth, or may arrange pattern on material and outline with chalk. INSPECTOR AND THREAD TRIMMER For wage study purposes, inspectors and thread trimm ers are classified as follows: Inspector, final (inspector only). Examines and inspects completed garments prior to pressing or shipping. Work involves determining whether the garments conform to shop standards of quality, and marking defects such as dropped stitches, bad seam s, etc. In many shops manufacturing inexpensive garments, there will be no inspectors falling within this classification; in such shops, inspection is usually carried on together with thread trimming. See inspector, final (and thread trimmer) and thread trimm er (cleaner). Inspector, final (and thread trim m er). Primarily responsible for inspection of com pleted garments prior to pressing or shipping but also trims threads incidental to inspec tion operation. Work involves primarily determining whether the garments conform to shop standards of quality, and marking defects such as dropped s t i t c h e s , bad s e a m s , e t c . Inspector, intermediate (inspector of parts). Examines and inspects garment parts such as collars, cuffs, facing on sleeves, and pockets prior to or during process of assembly of garment. Work involves determining whether parts of garments conform to shop standards of quality. Thread trim m er (cleaner). Trim s loose thread ends, basting threads, edges of garments with scissors or machines prior to pressing or packing. and seam Workers whose primary responsibility is the inspection of garments but who also trim threads incidental to the inspection operation are inspector, final (and thread trim m er). JANITOR (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas, washrooms, and offices. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restroom s. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. 41 42 PRESSER, FINISH (O ff-p resser, over presser, top presser) Performs final pressing operations on garments handpressing iron and/or powered press or mangle. For wage study purposes, as follows: P resser, P resser, REPAIRMAN, or garment parts by means of a pressers are classified by type of pressing equipment, finish, hand finish, machine SEWING MACHINE Adjusts and repairs sewing machines used in the establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines faulty in operation to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines, replacing broken or worn out parts or perform ing other repairs, and reassembling machines; adjusting machines to function efficiently by turning adjustment screws and nuts; regulating length of stroke of needle, and horizontal movement feeding mechanism under needle; replacing or repairing transmission belts; pre paring specifications for major repairs and initiating orders for replacement parts; and using a variety of handtools in fitting and replacing parts. SEWING MACHINE OPERATOR Uses a standard or special-purpose sewing machine to perform the sewing operations required in making parts of garments, in joining various sections together, or in attaching previously completed parts to partially completed garments. May make a complete garment. For wage study purposes, operators are classified according to the principal garment they work on. Sewing Sewing Sewing Sewing Sewing Sewing machine machine machine machine machine machine operator, dungarees operator, overalls and industrial garments operator, washable service apparel operator, work pants operator, work shirts operator, other SPREADER Spreads (lays up) multiple layers of cloth smopthly and evenly one upon the other on a cutting table by hand or with the aid of a spreading machine. Has to cut each ply to length from the bolt of material. STOCK CLERK Receives, stores, and issues equipment, material, merchandise, or tools in astockroom or storeroom. Work involves: Checking incoming order against items aslisted on requisitions or invoices, and counting, grading, or weighing the articles. Excluded are laborers. stockroom laborers and employees who supervise stock clerks and UNDERPRESSER (Forepresser, parts presser) Uses a hand iron, machine iron, or a powered press to press garment parts such as pockets, seam s, shoulders, etc. , during the fabricating process. For wage study purposes, workers are classified according to the type of pressing equipment used: Underpresser, hand Underpresser, machine WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, and illegal entry. theft, WORK DISTRIBUTOR Carries or trucks garments in various stages of completion to the worker who is to perform the next operation on garment. May exercise some discretion in distribution of work, but has no supervisory responsibilities. INDUSTRY WAGE STU DIES The following reports cover part of the Bureau’s program of industry wage surveys. These reports cover the period 1950 to data and may be obtained free upon request as long as a supply is available. However, those for which a price is shown are available only from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., or any of its regional sales offices. I. Occupational Wage Studies Manufacturing Apparel: Men’s Dress Shirts and Nightwear, 1950 — Series 2, No. 80 Men’s and Boys’ Dress Shirts and Nightwear, 1954 — BLS Report No. 74 * Men’s and Boys’ Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1956 —BLS Report No. 116 Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1958 — BLS Report No. 140 Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1957 — BLS Report No. 122 Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, I9 6 0 — BLS Report No. 193 Work Clothing, 1953 —BLS Report No. 51 *Work Shirts, 1955 and 1956 —BLS Report No. 115 ❖ Work Shirts, 1957 - BLS Report No. 124 C hem icals and Petroleum: Fertilizer, 1949'50 —Series 2, No. 77 * Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1955 and 1956 —BLS Report No. I ll * Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1957 - BLS Report No. 132 Industrial Chemicals, 1951 —Series 2, No. 87 Industrial Chemicals, 1955 —BLS Report No. 103 Petroleum Production and Refining, 1951 — Series 2, No. 83 Petroleum Refining, 1959 —BLS Report No. 158 Synthetic Fibers, 1958 —BLS Report No. 143 Paper and Allied Products: Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard, 1952 —Series 2, No. 91 Primary M etals, Fabricated Metal Products and Machinery: Basic Iron and Steel, 1951 —Series 2, No. 81 Fabricated Structural Steel, 1957 —BLS Report No. 123 Gray Iron Foundries, 1959 —BLS Report No. 151 Nonferrous Foundries, 1951 —Series 2, No. 82 Nonferrous Foundries, I960 —BLS Report No. 180 Machinery Industries, 1953“54 —BLS Bull. No. 1160 (40 cents) Machinery Industries, 1954-55 —BLS Report No. 93 Machinery Manufacturing, 1955-56 —BLS Report No. 107 Machinery Manufacturing, 1957-58 —BLS Report No. 139 Machinery Manufacturing, 1958-59 —BLS Report No. 147 Machinery Manufacturing, 1959-60 —BLS Report No. 170 Machinery Manufacturing, 1961 —BLS Bull. No. 1309(30cents) Radio, Television, and Related Products, 1951 — Series 2, No. 84 Steel Foundries, 1951 —Series 2, No. 85 Rubber and P la s t ic s Products: Miscellaneous Plastics Products, I960 —BLS Report No. 168 Stone, Clay, and G la s s : Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, I960 — BLS Report No. 177 Structural Clay Products, 1954 —BLS Report No. 77 Structural Clay Products, i 960 —BLS Report No. 172 Food: Candy and Other Confectionery Products, i 960 — BLS Report No. 195 * Canning and Freezing, 1955 and 1956 —BLS Report No. 117 * Canning and Freezing, 1957 - BLS Report No. 1 36 Distilled Liquors, 1952 - Series 2, No. 88 Fluid Milk Industry, I960 - BLS Report No. 174 * Raw Sugar, 1955 and 1956 —BLS Report No. 117 * Raw Sugar, 1957 - BLS Report No. 1 36 Leather: Footwear, 1953 —BLS Report No. 46 * Footwear, 1955 and 1 9 5 6 - BLS Report No. 115 Footwear, 1957 —BLS Report No. 133 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1954 — BLS Report No. 80 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1959 — BLS Report No. 150 T e x tile s : Cotton Textiles, 1954 - BLS Report No. 82 Cotton Textiles, I960 —BLS Report No. 184 Cotton and Synthetic Textiles, 1952 —Series 2, No. 89 Hosiery, 1 9 5 2 - BLS Report No. 34 Miscellaneous Textiles, 1953 —BLS Report No. 56 * Processed Waste, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report No. 115 * Processed Waste, 1957 —BLS Report No. 124 * Seamless Hosiery, 1955 and 1956 —BLS Report No. 112 * Seamless Hosiery, 1957 —BLS Report No. 129 Synthetic Textiles, 1954 —BLS Report No. 87 Synthetic Textiles, i 960 —BLS Report No. 192 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1956 —BLS Report No. 110 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1961 —BLS Bull. 1311 (35 cents) Woolen and Worsted Textiles, 1952 —Series 2, No. 90 Wool Textiles, 1957 —BLS Report No. 134 T obacco: Lumber and Furniture: Household Furniture, 1954 —BLS Report No. 76 Lumber in the South, 1949 and 1950 —Series 2, No. 76 Southern Lumber Industry, 1953 —BLS Report No. 45 '^Southern Sawmills, 1955 and 1956 —BLS Report No. 113 ❖ Southern Sawmills, 1957 —BLS Report No. 130 West Coast Sawmilling, 1952 —BLS Report No. 7 West Coast Sawmilling, 1959 —BLS Report No. 156 Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1959 BLS Report No. 152 * Wooden Containers, 1955 and 1956 —BLS Report No. 115 '!«Wooden Containers, 1957 —BLS Report No. 126 * Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. Cigar Manufacturing, 1955 —BLS Report No. 97 * Cigar Manufacturing, 1956 —BLS Report No. 117 Cigarette Manufacturing, I960 - BLS Report No. \ 6 l ^Tobacco Stemming and Redrying, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 117 * Tobacco Stemming and Redrying, 1957 —BLS Report No. 136 Transportation: Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1950 —BLS Bull. No. 1015(20 cents) Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Parts, 1957 — BLS Report No. 128 Railroad Cars, 1952 - Series 2, No. 86 I. Occupational Wage Studies— Continued Nonmanufacturing Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1958 - BLS Report No. 141 Banking Industry, I960 —BLS Report No. 179 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, i960 — BLS Report No. 181 Department and Women’s Ready-to-Wear Stores, 1950 — Series 2, No. 78 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1950 —Series 2, No. 79 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1952 —BLS Report No. 12 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1957 —BLS Report No. 135 Hospitals, I960 - BLS Bull. No. 1294 (50 cents) Hotels, I960 - BLS Report No. 173 Power Laundries and Dry Cleaners, I960 — BLS Report No. 178 II. Other Industry Wage Studies Communications Workers, Earnings in October1956 — Report BLS No.121 Communications Workers, Earnings in October1957 — Report BLS No.138 Communications Workers, Earnings in October1958 — Report BLS No.149 Communications Workers, Earnings in October1959 — Report BLS No.171 Communications, October i 960 —BLS Bull. No. 1306 (20 cents) Factory Workers’ Earnings —Distributions by Straight-Time Hourly Earnings, 1954 —BLS Bull. No. 1179 (25 cents) Factory Workers’ Earnings —5 Industry Groups, 1956 —BLS Report No. 118 Factory Workers’ Earnings —Distribution by Straight-Time Hourly Earnings, 1958 —BLS Bull. No. 1252(40 cents) Factory Workers’ Earnings —Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1959 —BLS Bull. No. 1275 (35 cents) Wages in Nonmetropclitan Areas, South and North Central Regions, October I960 —BLS Report No. 190 Retail Trade, Employee Earnings in October 1956: Initial Report - BLS Report No. 119 (30 cents) Building Materials and Farm Equipment Dealers —BLS Bull. No. 1220-1 (20 cents) General Merchandise Stores —BLS Bull. No. 1220-2 (35 cents) Food Stores —BLS Bull. No. 1220-3 (30 cents) Automotive Dealers and Gasoline Service Stations —BLS Bull. No. 1220-4 (35 cents) Apparel and Accessories Stores —BLS Bull. No. 1220-5 (45 cents) Furniture, Home Furnishings, and Appliance Stores —BLS Bull. No. 1220-6 (35 cents) Drug Stores and Proprietary Stores —BLS Bull. No. 1220-7 (15 cents) Summary Report - BLS Bull. No. 1220 (55 cents) Regional Offices U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 18 Oliver Street Boston 10, Mass. U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 1371 Peachtree Street, NE. Atlanta 9 , Ga. U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 341 Ninth Avenue New York 1, N.Y. U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 105 West Adams Street Chicago 3, 111. U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 630 Sansome Street San Francisco 11, Calif. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING O F F IC E : 1962 0 -631559
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