The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
L
nsi
Industry
Wage Survey
Textile Dyeing
and Finishing,
December 1970
Bulletin 1757
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
1972
Dayton & Montgomery Co.
Public Library
OCT 3 1 1 9 7 2
DOCUMENT COLLECTION
Industry
W age Su rvey
Textile Dyeing
and Finishing,
December 1970
Bulletin 1757
U.S. D EPARTM ENT OF LABOR
J. D. Hodgson, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner
1972
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D .C. 20402 - Price 70 cents
Preface
This bulletin summarizes the results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of wages
and supplementary benefits in the textile dyeing and finishing industry in December
1970. A similar study had been conducted in the winter of 1965-66.
Separate releases for the following States and areas were issued earlier: Georgia;
Massachusetts; New Jersey; New York State; New York, N.Y.; North Carolina;
Paterson—Clifton—Passaic; Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; Rhode Island; and South Carolina.
This study was conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Wages and Industrial Relations.
The analysis was prepared by Joseph C. Bush in the Division of Occupational Wage
Structures. Field work for the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional Directors
for Operations.
Other reports available from the Bureau’s program of industry wage studies, as well
as the addresses of the Bureau’s regional offices, are listed at the end of this bulletin.
iii
C o n te n ts
Page
Summary ......................................................................................................................................................................
Industry characteristics................................................................................................................................................
L ocation....................................................................................................................................................................
Processes and p ro d u c ts............................................................................................................................................
Type of finishers.......................................................................................................................................................
Size of establishm ent..............................................................................................................................................
Unionization ...........................................................................................................................................................
Method of wage p ay m en t........................................................................................................................................
Average hourly earnings ..............................................................................................................................................
Occupational earnings...................................................................................................................................................
Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions...................................................................................
Scheduled weekly h o u rs ..........................................................................................................................................
Shift provisions and practices.................................................................................................................................
Paid holidays ...........................................................................................................................................................
Paid vacations...........................................................................................................................................................
Health, insurance, and retirement p la n s ................................................................................................................
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
4
5
5
5
5
5
6
Tables:
1. Average hourly earnings: By selected characteristics...............................................................................
Earnings distribution:
2. All establishments..........................................................................................................................................
3. Type of finishers............................................................................................................................................
4. Cotton te x tile s ..............................................................................................................................................
5. Manmade fiber textiles.................................................................................................................................
Occupational averages:
6. All establishments..........................................................................................................................................
7. By type o f finishers........................................................................................................................................
8. Cotton broadwoven fabrics...........................................................................................................................
9. Manmade fiber broadwoven fabrics.............................................................................................................
10. By size o f com m unity...................................................................................................................................
Occupational earnings:
11. By size of establishm ent...............................................................................................................................
12. By labor-management contract coverage and size of community.............................................................
13. By labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment........................................................
14. G eorgia...........................................................................................................................................................
15. M assachusetts............................................................................................................................................*.
16. Massachusetts—cotton broadwoven fabrics................................................................................................
17. New J e rs e y ................................................................................................................................... *...............
18. New Jersey-cotton broadwoven fabrics.....................................................................................................
19. New Jersey—synthetic broadwoven fab ric..................................................................................................
20. New York S tate..............................................................................................................................................
21. New York, N .Y ..............................................................................................................................................
v
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
22
24
26
28
30
31
32
34
C o ntents— Continued
Page
T ables— Continued
Occupational earnings— Continued
22. North C aro lin a...............................................................................................................................................
23. North Carolina—cotton broadwoven fa b ric s..............................................................................................
24. Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N . J ....................................................................................................................
25. Pennsylvania...................................................................................................................................................
26. Philadelphia, P a .- N .J ....................................................................................................................................
27. Rhode Island...................................................................................................................................................
28. South C aro lin a...............................................................................................................................................
Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:
29. Method of wage p a y m e n t.............................................................................................................................
30. Scheduled weekly h o u r s ...............................................................................................................................
31. Shift differential provisions...........................................................................................................................
32. Shift differential practices ...........................................................................................................................
33. Paid holidays .................................................................................................................................................
34. Paid vacations.................................................................................................................................................
35. Health, insurance, and retirement plans .....................................................................................................
Appendixes:
A. Scppe and method of survey.............................................................................................................................
B. Occupational descriptions.................................................................................................................................
vi
35
37
39
40
41
42
44
46
46
47
48
49
50
53
55
59
Textile D yeing and Finishing
Location. The industry is concentrated in the three tex
Sum m ary
tile-producing regions of the country. The Southeast
region accounted for 62 percent of the workers within
scope of the survey; the Middle Atlantic region, 20 per
cent; and New England, 15 percent. Based on similar
surveys, conducted by the Bureau since 1946, there has
been a steady shift of the industry’s employment from
the Middle Atlantic and New England regions to the
Southeast, as indicated in the following tabulation:
Straight-time earnings of production and related
workers in plants employed primarily in dyeing and
finishing cotton or manmade fiber textiles averaged
$2.59 an hour in December 1970.1 Workers in mills
primarily engaged in processing textiles of cotton fiber,
comprising nearly one-half of the 60,378 workers within
scope of the survey, averaged $2.53 an hour, compared
with $2.65 for workers in plants finishing manmade
fiber textiles.
Individual earnings of slightly over nine-tenths of
the production workers ranged from $1.75 to $3.50 an
hour. The middle-half of the workers earned between
$2.22 and $2.80.
Earnings in the Southeast, where slightly more than
three-fifths of the workers were employed, averaged
$2.43 an hour. Averages of $2.62 and $3.11 were re
corded in the New England and Middle Atlantic regions,
which together employed almost all of the remaining
workers. Within each region, earnings varied by sex,
type of finisher, community and establishment size,
union contract status, and occupation.
Nationwide, averages among the jobs selected for
separate study ranged from $5.59 for machine printers
to $2.14 for janitors. Cloth dyeing machine tenders, nu
merically the most important job surveyed, averaged
$2.78 an hour.
Paid holidays, paid vacations, and at least part of the
cost of life, hospitalization, and surgical insurance were
provided to virtually all production and officeworkers in
the survey. Other benefits applying to at least seventenths of the workers in both groups included sickness
and accident insurance or sick leave, basic and major
medical insurance, and retirement pension plans.
Percent of production workers
___________ in selected regions_________
Survey date
Southeast
December 1970 . . .
Winter 1965-66 . . .
April-May 1961
April 1956.............
July 1946 .............
62
58
53
42
30
Middle Atlantic New England
20
21
23
24
35
15
17
19
28
30
Forty-five percent of the 60,378 workers covered by the
survey were employed in metropolitan areas.3 Region
ally, the proportions in these areas were about six-tenths
in New England, nine-tenths in the Middle Atlantic, and
one-fourth in the Southeast. Employment in the three
metropolitan areas studied separately was in Philadelphia,
1,295; in New York, 2,335; and in Paterson—Clifton—
Passaic, 4,392.
Processes and products. The principal processes found in
the industry are: preparation of the cloth (scouring,
washing, and bleaching), application of color (dyeing
and/or printing), and finishing for consumers’ use
1
T h is su rv e y
d id
not
c o v e r esta b lish m e n ts en g a ge d p ri
m a rily in d y e in g an d fin is h in g w o o l te x tile s . S ee a p p e n d ix A
f o r s c o p e an d m e t h o d o f s u rv e y ; also f o r d e fin it io n s o f p r o
Industry characteristics
d u c t io n w o r k e r s an d r e g io n s u s e d in th e su rv e y . W age data in
The survey included establishments engaged primarily
in dyeing and finishing cotton and manmade fiber
(synthetic) textiles.2 Separate dyeing and finishing estab
lishments owned and operated by textile companies were
included; dyeing and finishing departments of textile
mills, however, were excluded.
w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , an d la te sh ifts .
2 M o st w o o l te x tile s are fin is h e d b y
this r e p o r t e x c lu d e p re m iu m p a y f o r o v e r tim e and f o r w o r k o n
th e m a n u fa ctu re rs .
W o o l d y e in g an d fin ish in g p la n ts are c o v e r e d b y th e B u re a u ’s
regular su rv ey
o f w ages
in th e w o o l te x tile s in d u s trie s. T h e
m o s t r e ce n t su rv e y , w h ic h a lso in c lu d e s m a n u fa ctu re rs o f c o t t o n
an d m a n m a d e fib e r t e x tile s , w as c o n d u c t e d in A u g u st
3
1971.
S ta n d a rd M e tr o p o lita n S ta tistica l A reas as d e fin e d b y the
U .S . O f f i c e o f M a n a g e m e n t a n d B u d g e t t h ro u g h Ja nua ry 1 9 6 8 .
1
ments having such contracts varied by region and by size
of community, size of establishment, and type of
finisher. For example, union plants employed nearly
nine-tenths of the workers in metropolitan areas of the
Middle Atlantic region, compared with six-tenths of the
workers in smaller communities. The major union in
the industry is the Textile Workers Union of America
(AFL-CIO).
(preshrinking, calendering, napping, chemical finishing
for water repellency, etc.) Larger establishments gen
erally perform all three types of activity; in smaller
plants, operations may be limited to such activities as
bleaching and dyeing, or to printing only.
Slightly over two-fifths of the production workers
were employed in plants where the processing included
printing of fabrics; the proportion was 54 percent in
the cotton segment compared with 32 percent in the
synthetic segment of the industry. Machine printing
(except screen) was the method used in establishments
employing about three-tenths of all workers in the
study. Other methods reported were hand screen print
ing, and automatic flat or rotary screen printing. Rotary
screen printing, a relatively new method that prints cloth
by means of rollers instead of a flat screen, was the pri
mary printing method in establishments employing
2,500 workers.
Establishments engaged primarily in processing cotton
textiles accounted for three-fifths of the workers in the
Southeast region. In contrast, mills that process manmade
fiber textiles comprized slightly over four-fifths of the
work force in the Middle Atlantic States and slightly less
than three-fifths in New England.
Four-fifths of the workers were in establishments
processing primarily broadwoven fabrics, approximately
one-tenth were in plants processing mainly synthetic
yarn or thread, and less than 5 percent were in cotton
yarn mills. The remaining workers were in plants dyeing
and finishing such textile products as narrow fabrics
(12 inches or less in width) and raw stock.
T e x t table 1. Percent o f production workers, by region,
in m ills with union contracts covering a m ajority o f
their workers
Mills by selected
characteristics
Percent of
production workers
United
States1
New
England
All m ills................................
40-44
65-69
Size of community:
Metropolitan areas........
Nonmetropolitan areas . .
55-59
25-29
65-69
65-69
Size of establishment:
20-249 w o rkers.............
250 workers or more . . .
55-59
30-34
55-59
85-89
Type of finisher:
Commission m ills ...........
For own a cco u n t...........
55-59
25-29
75-79
40-44
Middle
Atlantic
Southeast
All m ills................................
80-84
20-24
Size of community:
Metropolitan areas.........
Non metropolitan areas . .
85-89
55-59
15-19
20-24
Size of establishment:
20-249 workers...............
250 workers or more . .
80-84
95+
(2)
25-29
Type of finisher:
Commission m ills...........
For own a c co u n t...........
85-89
60-64
25-29
16-19
Type o f finishers. Nationwide, employment was almost
evenly divided between mills dyeing and finishing on a
commission basis and those processing for their own
account. Regionally, however, commission mills com
prised 75 to 80 percent of the workers in the New
England and Middle Atlantic regions, but only 30 percent
of the workers in the Southeast. Employment in com
mission mills averaged 100 production workers, compared
with 235 in establishments processing for their own
account.
Size o f establishment. Slightly more than three-fifths of
1
the industry’s production workers were in establishments
having total employments of 250 workers or more.
Regionally, the proportions were two-fifths in New
England, one-eighth in the Middle Atlantic, and slightly
over four-fifths in the Southeast.
M ethod o f wage paym ent. Almost nine-tenths of the pro
duction workers were paid on a time-rate basis, typically
under formal systems providing single rates for specific
jobs. (See table 29.) Incentive wage plans, usually indi
vidual piecework, applied to 15 percent of the workers in
the Southeast, 6 percent in New England, and 2 percent
in the Middle Atlantic region.
Unionization. Establishments having collective bargaining
agreements covering a majority of their production work
ers employed two-fifths of the work force. As illustrated
in text table 1, the proportions of workers in establish
Includes regions in addition to those shown separately.
Data do not meet publication criteria.
2
these averages is shown in text table 2. Within each
fiber group, workers in plants processing primarily fabrics
averaged more than those in yarn mills. In the South
east, the only region permitting such comparisons, the
difference was 14 cents in cotton mills and 21 cents in
manmade fiber mills.
Average h ourly earnings
Straight-time hourly earnings of the 60,378 produc
tion workers covered by the survey averaged $2.59 in
December 1970. Wage levels, however, varied widely
among the major regions— $2.43 in the Southeast,
$2.62 in New England, and $3.11 in the Middle Atlantic
States.4 (See table 1.) Substantial differences in wage
levels were also noted within regions and States. (See
tables 14 to 28.) In Pennsylvania, for example, the
average was $2.79 an hour, but workers in Philadelphia
averaged $2.60.
Between December 1970 and the winter of 1965-66,5
the nationwide average rose 32 percent— the same per
centage increase recorded for average hourly earnings in
all nondurable manufacturing industries. 6 During the
same period, average hourly earnings advanced 33 per
cent in cotton textile dyeing and finishing plants and 27
percent in the manmade fiber sector.
The advancing wage level in textile dyeing and finish
ing plants has been restrained by the growth in the South
east’s share of the work force— up from 30 percent in
July 1946 to 62 percent in December 1970. During this
period, nationwide average hourly earnings of the produc
tion workers increased 191 percent— from 89 cents to
$2.59. If the regional employment relationships had
remained the same since 1946, however, the increase
for the industry would have been 207 percent and the
December 1970 average, $2.73.7
Men, accounting for slightly over four-fifths of the
workers in December 1970, averaged $2.86 an hour,
compared with $2.22 for women. Men averaged more
than women by 14 percent in the Southeast, 17 percent
in New England, and 40 percent in the Middle Atlantic
States. These differences largely reflect the predomi
nance of men in relatively high paying jobs such as some
of those found in the printing and maintenance depart
ments; on the other hand, winders, sewing-machine op
erators, and inspectors, averaging substantially less than
machine printers and skilled maintenance workers, were
primarily women.
Nationwide, earnings of workers in commission
plants (those processing materials owned by others)
averaged $2.68 an hour— 17 cents more than workers
in plants processing for their own account. This rela
tionship held in New England ($2.64 and $2.56) and
the Middle Atlantic region ($3.21 and $2.67). However,
in the Southeast, workers in plants processing their own
textiles average $2.49 an hour, compared with $2.30 in
commission plants.
Workers in establishments processing primarily man
made fiber textiles average $2.65, compared to $2.53
for workers in establishments processing cotton textiles.
The extent to which individual regions contributed to
T e x t table 2. Average earnings and percent o f workers
by region, in mills processing cotton or m anmade
textiles
Mills primarily processing—
Cotton textiles
Percent
Average
of
earnings
workers
United States
and regions
100
11
7
78
$2.53
2.62
3.00
2.47
United States1 .....................
New En g la n d ...................
Middle Atlantic ...............
Southeast.........................
Manmade fiber textiles
100
17
32
48
$2.65
2.63
3.13
2.37
United States1 .......................
New E n g la n d ...................
Middle Atlantic ...............
Southeast .........................
Includes data for regions in addition to those shown
separately.
4
The
stra ig h t-tim e
average
h o u r ly
earnings p re s e n te d in
th is b u lle tin are n o t c o m p a r a b le w ith gross average h o u r ly
earnings p u b lis h e d in th e B u r e a u ’s m o n t h ly e m p lo y m e n t and
earnin gs series ($ 2 .7 1 in D e c e m b e r 1 9 7 0 ). In this b u lle tin
average earnings w e r e c a lc u la te d b y su m m in g in d iv id u a l h o u r ly
earnings an d d iv id in g b y th e number o f individuals; in the
m o n t h ly series, th e su m o f m a n h o u r to ta ls r e p o r t e d b y the
esta b lish m e n t in the in d u s try w as d iv id e d in t o th e r e p o r t e d p a y
r o ll to ta ls .
T h e e stim a te o f th e n u m b e r o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s w ith in
s c o p e o f the s tu d y is in t e n d e d o n ly as a general g u id e t o the
size a n d c o m p o s it io n o f th e la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e su rvey.
I f d iffe r s fr o m th e n u m b e r p u b lis h e d in th e m o n t h ly series
( 7 1 .2 th o u s a n d in D e c e m b e r 1 9 7 0 ) b y th e e x c lu s io n o f e sta b
lish m en ts e m p lo y in g fe w e r than 2 0 w o r k e r s . F u r th e r m o r e , the
a d v a n ce p la n n in g n e ce ssa ry t o m a k e the su rv e y r e q u ir e the use
o f e sta b lish m e n t lists a ss e m b le d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d v a n ce o f the
data c o l le c t io n . T h u s, esta b lish m e n ts n e w t o th e in d u s try are
o m it t e d , as are esta b lish m e n ts o rig in a lly c la ssifie d in th e te x tile
d y e in g an d fin ish in g in d u s tr y , b u t f o u n d t o b e in o t h e r in d u strie s
at the tim e o f th e s u rv e y . A ls o o m it t e d are e sta b lish m e n ts d y e in g
an d fin ish in g t e x tile s , th a t w e re c la ssifie d in c o r r e c t ly in o th e r
in d u stries at the tim e th e lists w e r e c o m p lie d .
5
T e x tile
1527,
6
D ate
of
D y e in g
an
earlier s u rv e y . S ee I n d u s tr y
and F in ish in g,
W in ter 1 9 6 5 - 6 6
W age S u r v e y :
(B L S
B u lletin
1 9 6 6 ).
B ased o n data fr o m the B u re a u ’s E m p lo y m e n t and E arn
ings series.
7
A d ju s te d average o b t a in e d b y w e ig h tin g 1 9 7 0 averages b y
1 9 4 6 re g io n a l e m p lo y m e n t s .
3
In New England and the Southeast, average hourly
earnings in plants with 250 workers or more were 10
and 34 cents higher, respectively, than in smaller plants.
In the Middle Atlantic States, the relationship was re
versed, but the difference was only 2 cents. The nation
wide relationship ($2.70 for workers in smaller plants
and $2.53 in larger plants) resulted largely from the
regional mix of the two size groups. For example, the
relatively low-wage Southeast accounted for about fourfifths of the employment in plants with 250 workers or
more, whereas the high-wage Middle Atlantic States ac
counted for about one-half of the employment in the
smaller plants.
T e x t table 3. Earnings distribution by region, textile
production workers
United States and regions
Nationwide, workers in metropolitan areas averaged
$2.76 an hour, while those in smaller communities aver
aged $2.46. Corresponding averages were $3.17 and
$2.57 in the Middle Atlantic region and $2.45 and $2.43
in the Southeast. In New England, workers in the
smaller communities averaged more than those in metro
politan areas— $2.73 compared with $2.56. This ap
parent anomaly in New England may be due to the pre
valence in the metropolitan areas of establishments em
ploying fewer than 250 workers. Such establishments,
which tend to pay less than larger establishments in the
same region, accounted for approximately eight-tenths
of the workers in the metropolitan areas, compared with
three-tenths of the workers in the smaller communities.
$1.80
$1.90
$2.00
United S tates.......................
1.8
3.5
8.3
New England..............................
Middle A tla n tic .........................
Southeast ..................................
1.1
2.5
1.7
1.6
4.4
3.8
2.7
11.1
$2.10
$2.20
United S tates.........................
15.4
22.9
New England ..............................
Middle A tla n tic ...........................
Southeast ....................................
7.5
7.4
19.8
12.1
9.2
29.4
table 6.) Of these jobs, machine printers had the highest
average (mean)— $5.59 an hour. The other averages
ranged from $3.26 for maintenance electricians to $2.14
for janitors. Dyeing machine tenders (cloth), numeri
cally the most important group, averaged $2.78 an
hour— 9 cents more than machine tenders dyeing yarn.
Yarn winders, primarily women, averaged $2.21 an
hour. Averages for the only other jobs studied in which
women accounted for as much as two-fifths of the em
ployment were $2.39 for sewing-machine operators,
$2.42 for cloth inspectors (machine), and $2.51 for
cloth inspectors (hand).
Workers in establishments having labor-management
contracts covering a majority of their production work
ers averaged $2.85 an hour, compared with $2.42 for
workers in plants not having such contracts. Correspond
ing averages by region were $2.72 and $2.44 in New
England, $3.19 and $2.69 in the Middle Atlantic States,
and $2.54 and $2.40 in the Southeast.
Occupational averages were generally highest in the
Middle Atlantic region and lowest in the Southeast. For
most occupations, averages in the Middle Atlantic re
gion were 10 to 25 percent above the nationwide levels,
while those in the Southeast were usually 1 to 10 per
cent below.
The above comparisons of average hourly earnings
do not isolate the influence of individual characteristics
as a determinant of wages. Examples of these interrela
tionships, such as unionization with size of commu
nity, were provided in the discussion on industry
characteristics.
Occupational averages in mills processing primarily
cotton or manmade fiber broadwoven fabrics are pre
sented in tables 8 and 9, respectively. In the Southeast
region, workers in cotton broadwoven mills had higher
average earnings than those in the manmade sector in
23 of the 29 jobs permitting comparison. The differ
ences, however, were less than 13 percent.
Earnings of all but 6 percent of the workers ranged
from $1.75 to $3.50 an hour. (See table 2.) In the earn
ings array, the middle half of the workers earned be
tween $2.22 and $2.80. Variations in the earnings dis
tributions among the three major regions are illustrated
in text table 3.
In the Southeast, occupational averages were usually
higher in plants processing materials for their own ac
count than in plants operating on a commission basis.
Among jobs permitting comparisons in the Middle
Atlantic region, however, the earnings relationship was
usually reversed. In New England, where only a few
comparisons could be made, the situation was mixed.
(See table 7.)
O ccupational earnings
Occupations selected to represent various wage levels
of production workers in the industry accounted for
slightly more than one-half of the work force. (See
Percent of production workers
earnings less than—
4
Job averages also varied by size of community, size
of establishment, and labor-management contract cover
age. (See tables 10 through 13.) For example, occupa
tional averages were usually between 10 and 25 percent
higher in union than in nonunion plants on a nationwide
basis; regionally, even when comparisons were limited
to the same community or establishment size, workers
in union plants generally held a wage advantage over
those in nonunion plants.
Earnings of individual workers also varied within
the same job and geographic area. (See tables 14-28.) In
a number of instances, the highest hourly earnings ex
ceeded the lowest in the same occupation and State by
$1 or more. Consequently, a number of workers in com
paratively low-paying jobs (as measured by the average
for all workers) earned more than some workers in jobs
for which significantly higher hourly averages were re
corded. Text table 4 illustrates the overlap in earnings
found in South Carolina between men color mixers in
the print shop and material-handling laborers, despite a
53-cent difference in the hourly averages for the two
jobs. In some instances, however, earnings were concen
trated within a comparatively narrow range. For ex
ample, in New Jersey, 884 of the 1,029 cloth dyeing
machine tenders earned between $3.30 and $3.40 an
hour.
various health, insurance, and retirement plans for pro
duction and officeworkers.
Scheduled w eekly hours. Work schedules of 40 hours a
week were in effect in establishments employing seventenths to eight-tenths of the production workers in the
New England, Middle Atlantic, and Southeast regions.
Longer schedules (usually 48 hours a week) applied to
nearly all of the remaining workers. (See table 30.)
Approximately nine-tenths of the officeworkers in New
England and the Southeast and slightly more than sixtenths of the officeworkers in the Middle Atlantic
States were scheduled to work 40 hours a week.
Shift provisions and practices. Ninety-six percent of
the production workers were in plants having provi
sions for late-shift work. (See table 31.) Only two-fifths
of the workers, however, were actually employed on
late shifts at the time of the study. (See table 32.) In
the Middle Atlantic region, workers typically received
5 cents an hour more than day-shift rates for second
shifts, and 10 cents an hour more for third shifts. In
New England and the Southeast, extra pay was not
common for second shifts, but it applied to a majority
of the workers on third shifts. Most commonly, thirdshift differentials amounted to 7 or 10 cents an hour in
New England and to 5 cents an hour in the Southeast.
Paid holidays. Paid holidays were provided to all pro
T e x t table 4. H ou rly earnings distribution o f selected
duction workers in the Middle Atlantic and New
England regions and to 95 percent of those in the
Southeast. Nearly all officeworkers in the study were
provided paid holidays. (See table 33.) The most com
mon holiday provisions for both groups of workers
were 5 days in the Southeast, 8 or 9 days annually in
New England, and 11 days in the Middle Atlantic
region.
occupations, textile m ills, South Carolina, 1970
Hourly earnings
Under $ 2 .0 0 .......................
$2.00 and under $2.20 . . . .
$2.20 and under $2.40.........
$2.40 and under $2.60 . . . .
$2.60 and under $2.80 . . . .
$2.80 or m o re .....................
Total workers
...............
Average hourly earnings . . .
Number of workers
Men
Men laborers,
color mixers
material
(print shop)
handling
10
12
16
11
150
63
141
126
161
22
26
5
262
481
$2.69
Paid vacations. Paid vacations, after qualifying periods
of service, were provided to production workers and
officeworkers in nearly all establishments, but the pro
visions varied widely by region. (See table 34.) For ex
ample, 3 weeks’ pay was available to slightly more than
three-fifths of the production workers in the Middle
Atlantic States after 10 years of service, to the same
proportion of workers in New England after 15 years,
and to slightly less than one-fourth in the Southeast
after 15 years. Vacation pay for most of the produc
tion workers in New England and the Middle Atlantic
States was based on length-of-time payments; for a
majority in the Southeast, it was based on percentages
of annual earnings. 8 Officeworkers most commonly
$2.16
Establishm ent practices and supplem entary
wage provisions
Data were also obtained on certain establishment
practices, including shift differentials for production
workers, and work schedules and selected supplemen
tary benefits, such as paid holidays and vacations and
8
F o r p u r p o s e s o f this s u rv e y , p e rce n ta g e p a y m e n ts w ere
c o n v e r te d t o an e q u iv a le n t tim e basis, i.e ., 2 p e rc e n t o f annual
earnings
5
e q u a le d
1 w eek, 4
p ercen t
e q u a le d
2
w eek s,
etc.
duction workers were almost always covered by sick
ness and accident insurance, as were three-fifths of the
officeworkers. Paid sick leave was rarely reported for
plantworkers but some of the office staff were covered
by both sickness and accident insurance and formal
sick leave plans.
Pension plans, providing regular payments for the
remainder of a retiree’s life (in addition to social
security), applied to approximately seven-tenths of the
production workers in New England and the Middle
Atlantic States and to slightly above eight-tenths in
the Southeast. The proportions of office personnel
covered by pension plans were one-half in the Middle
Atlantic, six-tenths in New England, and about eighttenths in the Southeast.
were provided 2 weeks’ pay after 1 year of service
in each major region and 3 weeks or more after 15
years in New England and the Southeast.
Health , insurance , and retirem ent plans. Life, hospitali
zation, and surgical insurance were available to over
nine-tenths of the production workers and officeworkers. (See table 35.) At least seven-tenths of both groups
were provided basic and major medical insurance. Em
ployers in most instances paid the entire cost of these
benefits; in the remaining situations, workers shared
the cost. Slightly over three-fourths of the production
workers and seven-eighths of the officeworkers were
given protection against loss of pay due to illness; pro
6
T a b le 1. A v e ra g e hourly earnings: B y se le c te d c h a ra c te ris tic s
(Number and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 of production w ork ers in textile dyeing and finishing establishm ents, United States and selected
regions, D ecem ber 1970)
United States 2
Item
New England
Middle Atlantic
Southeast
Number
of
w ork ers
Average
hourly
earnings
All production w ork ers ___________
Men — ____ __ _ _
_________
Women
____ _______ ____
60,378
49, 681
10,697
$2. 59
2. 68
2. 22
8, 884
7,599
1, 285
$2. 62
2.68
2. 30
11, 912
10,603
1, 309
$3. 11
3. 21
2. 31
37,318
29, 778
7, 540
$2. 43
2. 49
2. 19
Type of finishers:
Com m ission m ill
_ ______ _
F or own a c c o u n t ________ —____
29, 130
31, 248
2.68
2.51
6, 710
2, 174
2. 64
2. 56
9, 734
2, 178
3. 21
2.67
11, 501
25,817
2. 30
2. 49
Type of textile:
C otton 3 ____ _ ________
___
Broadwoven f a b r i c s ------------Yarn or thread - ------ - _
M an-made fiber 3 ----------------------Broadwoven f a b r i c s ________
Yarn or t h r e a d ___ _________
29,114
25,618
2, 616
30,726
22,848
6, 445
2.53
2. 55
2. 35
2. 65
2. 73
2. 35
3, 335
2, 917
_
5, 181
4, 551
-
2. 62
2.64
_
2.63
2. 67
-
2,008
1, 503
_
9,846
6, 962
-
3. 00
3. 20
_
3. 13
3. 28
-
22,604
20,031
2, 213
14, 714
11, 133
3,511
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
Size of community:
Metropolitan areas 4 ----------------Nonmetropolitan areas ________
27, 338
33, 040
2. 76
2. 46
5, 477
3,407
2. 56
2. 73
10,755
1, 157
3. 17
2. 57
10, 027
27,291
2. 45
2. 43
Size of establishm ent:
20-249 w orkers - __ ___ ____
250 w orkers o r m ore — __ ___
23,199
37, 179
2. 70
2. 53
5, 325
3, 559
2.58
2.68
10,407
1, 505
3. 11
3. 09
6, 256
31,062
2. 15
2. 49
24,694
2.85
5, 900
2. 72
10, 013
3. 19
7,993
2. 54
35, 684
2. 42
2, 984
2. 44
1,899
2.69
29, 325
2. 40
Labor-m anagem ent con tracts:
Establishments w ithM ajority o f w ork ers
covered _ _ ---— ___
None or m inority of w ork ers
covered ------------------------------
Number
of
w ork ers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of
w ork ers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of
w ork ers
Average
hourly
earnings
47
49
35
37
42
21
1 Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
3 Includes data fo r types of textiles in addition to those shown separately.
4 The term "m etropolitan area" as used in this study r e fe r s to the Standard M etropolitan Statistical A reas, as defined by the U. S. O ffice of
Management and Budget through January 1968.
NOTE:
Dashes indicate no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication c rite ria .
T a b le 2. E a rn in g s distribution: A ll e sta b lish m e n ts
( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in tex tile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s ,
D e c e m b e r 1970)
United States 2
Middle Atlantic
New England
Southeast
A verage hourly earnings 1
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
$ 1. 60 and under $ 1. 65------------------$ 1. 65 and under $ 1. 70------------------$ 1. 70 and under $ 1. 75-------------------
0. 8
.2
.2
0. 1
. 1
•
0. 1
.2
.2
0. 1
. 1
.1
_
1. 1
.9
-
1
4. 3
.7
1. 0
"
_
"
.
0. 2
.4
1. 1
.3
.3
0. 1
.2
. 1
5. 2
.6
1. 2
$ 1. 75
$ 1. 80
$ 1. 85
$ 1 .9 0
$ 1. 95
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 1.
$ 1.
$ I.
$ 1.
$ 2.
80------------------85------------------90------------------95------------------00-------------------
.6
.6
1. 1
2. 0
2.8
.
.
.
1.
1.
3
4
8
6
7
2. 1
1. 6
2. 5
3.8
8. 1
.6
. 1
.5
1. 2
.9
.3
.1
.3
.7
-
3
2
8
8
3
_
.3
1. 3
.4
.7
_
. 1
1. 3
.4
. 3
.3
2. 0
2. 1
.9
3. 7
.
.
1.
2.
4.
8
8
1
7
0
.3
.6
.8
2. 3
2. 7
2 .4
1.8
2 .4
4. 3
9. 1
$
$
$
$
$
5.
6.
9.
9.
11.
1
6
2
7
8
16. 3
12. 0
11. 4
10. 3
9 .8
3. 7
4. 6
4. 5
9 .4
12. 4
3. 1
2. 7
3. 2
8 .9
12.9
7. 6
15.8
12. 5
12. 2
9. 0
4. 7
1.8
4. 3
3. 0
3. 7
1.9
.6
2.9
2. 3
3. 5
27. 1
11.9
15. 5
8. 4
4 .8
8. 7
9 .6
12. 5
11. 8
13. 7
6 .9
9. 1
13. 0
12. 2
14. 3
15.
11.
16.
6.
2.
3
1
8
6
7
15.9
12. 7
18. 6
6.9
3. 0
11.
1.
6.
4.
.
3.
6.
2.
3.
2.
3. 0
6. 5
3. 1
4. 1
2.9
8 .9
2. 1
.8
8. 3
6. 3
4.9
2.9
2. 1
9.
7.
5.
3.
2.
1
0
5
4
2
2. 4
.7
1. 5
.6
.3
2. 7
.8
1. 6
.6
.3
.8
.2
.4
.1
. 1
1.9
3. 1
4. 5
28. 3
4. 7
2.
1.
.
.
.
1
2
7
9
7
2. 4
1. 4
.8
1. 1
.8
.1
. 1
_
.3
.2
.4
. 2
-
-
.2
.3
. 3
.4
.1
_
-
6.
2.
1.
1.
.
.6
. 1
.2
. 1
-
.7
. 1
.3
. 1
•1
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
00
10
20
30
40
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
10------------------20------------------30------------------40--------------- —
50-------------------
7. 1
7. 5
9. 6
9.8
11. 5
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
50
60
70
80
90
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 3.
60------------------70------------------80-----------------—
90------------------00-------------------
8. 3
6.9
6. 2
3. 6
2. 3
9. 0
8. 0
7. 0
3.9
2. 7
5. 3
2. 1
2. 8
2. 1
.4
$ 3. 00
$ 3 .1 0
$ 3. 20
$ 3. 30
$ 3. 40
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
10------------------20------------------30------------------40------------------50-------------------
2.
1.
1.
6.
1.
2
5
6
3
4
2. 4
1. 6
1.8
7. 5
1. 7
1.
1.
.
.
.
$
$
$
$
$
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 4.
60------------------70------------------80------------------90------------------00-------------------
1.
.
.
.
.
7
6
4
3
2
2. 1
.8
.5
.3
.3
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
50
60
70
80
90
_
$ 4. 00 and over ------------------------------
2. 6
3. 2
Total ........................
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
Number of w ork ers ------------------------
60, 378
49, 681
10, 697
8, 884
A v era ge hoiirly earnings 1 -------------
$2 . 59
$2. 68
$2. 22
$ 2 . 62
2. 7
3. 2
100. 0
100. 0
2.
.
1.
3.
6.
8
7
1
7
5
_
B e c a u s e o f rou n din g,
su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u a l 100.
7
7
0
1
8
-
-
1
8
7
5
3
_
5. 2
2. 7
2. 2
.2
7. 5
3. 0
1. 1
1. 2
.9
.2
. 1
_
"
2.
2.
4.
31.
5.
5
4
4
1
5
7
4
4
6
1
3.8
2. 2
2. 5
2. 1
.5
1.
.
.
.
.
3
4
2
1
2
. 1
.2
.1
-
_
6. 3
7. 1
.3
1. 5
1.9
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
7, 599
1, 285
11, 912
10, 603
1, 309
37, 318
29, 778
7, 540
$ 2. 68
$ 2. 30
$ 3. 11
$ 3. 21
$2 . 31
$ 2. 43
$ 2 . 49
$2. 19
1 Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
NOTE:
6
0
9
7
6
15.
11.
10.
10.
11.
100. 0
T a b l e 3.
E a r n i n g s d is trib u tio n :
T y p e of fin ish e rs
(P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in te x tile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts by a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s , 1 United States
and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
United States 2
Average hourly earnings 1
New England
Middle Atlantic
Com m ission
m ill
F or own
account
Com m ission
m ill
F or own
account
$ 1. 60 and under $ 1. 65 ----------------$ 1. 65 and under $ 1. 7 0 ----------------$ 1. 70 and under $ 1 . 7 5 -----------------
1. 3
.4
.4
0. 4
. 1
. 1
0. 1
. 3
.3
-
$ 1. 7 5 and
$ 1. 80 and
$ 1. 8 5 and
$ 1 .9 0 and
$ 1 .9 5 and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 1. 80 ----------------$ 1. 8 5 ----------------$ 1. 9 0 ----------------$ 1 . 9 5 ----------------$ 2. 0 0 -----------------
.
.
1.
1.
2.
8
9
0
6
6
.
.
1.
2.
3.
4
3
1
3
0
.
.
.
1.
1.
5
1
5
5
1
0.
.
.
.
.
7
1
4
3
2
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
00
10
20
30
40
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
1 0 ----------------2 0 ----------------3 0 ----------------4 0 ----------------5 0 -----------------
5.
7.
9.
7.
8.
7
8
0
9
1
8.
7.
10.
11.
14.
4
2
1
6
6
3.
5.
3.
10.
10.
3
2
2
2
2
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
50
60
70
80
90
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 3.
6 0 ----------------7 0 ----------------8 0 ----------------9 0 ----------------0 0 -----------------
6.
6.
6.
3.
2.
7
1
5
6
1
9.
7.
6.
3.
2.
8
7
0
6
4
12.
10.
20.
7.
2.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
00
10
20
30
40
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
1 0 ----------------2 0 ----------------30 ----------------4 0 ----------------5 0 -----------------
2.
1.
2.
11.
2.
2
4
0
3
1
2.
1.
1.
1.
.
2
6
2
5
8
2.
.
.
.
.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
50
60
70
80
90
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 4.
6 0 ----------------7 0 ----------------8 0 ----------------9 0 ----------------0 0 -----------------
2.
1.
.
.
.
5
0
5
4
3
1.
.
.
.
.
0
3
3
2
1
3. 5
T o t a l ------
Southeast
Com m ission
m ill
F or own
account
0. 1
.2
3. 2
.9
.8
0. 2
_
.1
_
0. 3
.6
.3
.7
.
.
4.
1.
.
1. 7
1. 9
1. 5
2.9
4. 9
.4
.3
.9
2. 6
3. 6
5. 0
2. 8
8. 8
6.9
19. 2
4. 1
1. 0
3. 2
1.9
2. 6
7. 2
5, 6
8 .9
7.9
8. 2
7
9
5
7
6
23.
11.
5.
3.
2.
1
7
4
0
8
1. 8
5.8
2. 2
3. 6
2. 8
11. 7
6. 7
5. 8
3.9
1.8
7. 8
4. 1
2. 5
1. 3
1. 5
8.
7.
5.
3.
2.
6
3
9
6
3
6
6
8
6
2
2.
.
3.
.
.
0
9
4
5
6
.9
3. 0
1. 3
6. 1
1. 1
1.8
.5
.2
.2
.5
2.
1.
1.
1.
.
3
5
0
2
7
.
.
.
.
.
7
2
3
1
1
-
-
-
.3
. 1
-
-
.2
.3
1. 8
100. 0
100. 0
Number of w o rk e rs ----------
29,130
31, 248
6, 710
2, 174
Average hourly earnings 1*
$2. 68
$ 2. 51
$ 2. 64
$ 2. 56
2.
3.
5.
33.
5.
1
1
2
3
5
2
3
6
1
5
7.
13.
17.
10.
11.
9
3
5
6
1
9. 0
7. 9
10. 3
12. 4
14.8
6.
1.
1.
1.
1.
2
7
1
0
0
.3
. i
.’ 1
.4
.4
6.8
2.9
1. 0
1. 1
.8
3. 3
1. 1
7. 2
2. 2
.8
1.8
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
9, 734
2, 178
11, 501
25, 817
$ 3. 21
$ 2 . 67
$2. 30
$2. 49
* Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
NOTE:
F or own
account
.
.3
. 2
$ 4. 00 and over -----------------------------
C om m ission
m ill
Due to rou n d in g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n ot eq u al 100.
_
-
T a b le 4. E a rn in g s distribution: C o tton textiles
(P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in te x tile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s by a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s ,
D e c e m b e r 1970)
United States 2
A verage hourly earnings 1
Total 1
3
2
B road woven
fa b rics
M iddle Atlantic
New England
Yarn
or
thread
Total 3
B road woven
fa b rics
T o t a l3
Southeast
B road woven
fa b rics
T o t a l3
B roadwoven
fa b rics
Yarn
or
thread
$ 1.60 and under $ 1. 65 —
- — ---$ 1 .6 5 and under $ 1 . 7 0 -------- — ------------------$ 1.70 and under $ 1 . 7 5 -------------------------------
1.6
.4
.4
1.9
.4
.3
0. 7
.8
0. 2
_
.1
0. 3
_
.1
0. 1
.2
-
1.7
.4
.5
1.9
.4
.4
0 .7
.7
$ 1.75
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1. 90
$ 1 .9 5
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 1. 8 0 -------------------------------------. — .
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1 . 9 0 ------------------------------$ 1. 95 ------------------------------$ 2. 0 0 -------------------------------
1.0
.8
.9
2.0
2.9
.7
.7
.7
1.9
2. 9
2.6
1.6
2.7
2. 1
2.6
.6
.2
.1
1. 1
.8
.7
.3
.1
.4
.7
.2
.6
.7
.5
1.9
_
0. 4
.2
1. 2
.9
1.0
2. 3
3. 4
.8
.8
.7
2. 3
3.5
2.8
1. 3
2. 8
2. 0
1. 5
$ 2 .0 0
$2. 10
$2. 20
$ 2. 30
$ 2 .4 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 2 .1 0
$2. 20
$2. 3 0
$ 2. 40
$ 2 .5 0
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---- -------------------- —-------—
-------
6. 1
6. 1
10. 5
12.0
12.5
5.7
5 .8
9.7
11. 7
12.9
8. 8
10. 1
16. 9
14. 0
8 .6
3.4
1.6
4 .9
13.0
19. 1
3.5
1.9
3. 3
10.7
19.7
5. 1
.7
7. 9
4. 1
6 .9
_
.2
3. 5
4 .8
8. 4
6.7
7. 3
11.6
12.7
11.9
6 .4
6 .9
11. 2
12. 5
12. 3
7 .9
11.9
15. 1
16. 1
9.6
$ 2 .5 0
$ 2. 60
$ 2 .7 0
$ 2. 80
$ 2 .9 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 2 .6 0
$ 2. 7 0
$ 2 .8 0
$ 2. 9 0
$ 3 .0 0
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- —
10. 9
7. 5
5.5
3. 4
2. 5
11. 5
7 .7
5 .5
3. 6
2.6
6. 3
6. 5
5 .4
2. 3
1.6
20. 3
9.6
5. 0
5 .8
2. 4
21. 7
10.5
5 .5
6 .0
2. 3
4.7
4. 1
1. 2
.8
2. 1
3. 1
2.8
1. 3
1. 1
2. 7
10.0
7. 4
5.7
3. 3
2.5
10.6
7 .5
5 .6
3. 4
2.6
5. 7
7.6
6. 2
2.7
1.7
$ 3. 00
$3. 10
$ 3 .2 0
$ 3 .3 0
$ 3 .4 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 3. 10 ------------------------------$3. 20
- — _____
$3. 30 - ---- —
$ 3 .4 0
- — — $ 3 .5 0 _
_ -
2. 3
1. 6
1. 1
2. 1
.9
2. 4
1.6
1. 1
2. 4
.9
1. 1
1.8
1.5
.3
.5
2. 4
.9
3. 0
.5
.4
2. 1
1. 0
3. 2
.4
.4
3.0
6 .9
3. 2
16. 2
2. 3
3.5
7. 6
2. 1
21.6
3. 1
2. 3
1. 3
.7
1. 2
.9
2. 5
1. 3
.7
1. 3
.9
.9
1. 0
.3
.3
.6
$ 3 .5 0
$ 3 .6 0
$ 3 .7 0
$3. 80
$ 3 .9 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 3 .6 0
$ 3 .7 0
$ 3 .8 0
$3. 90
$ 4 .0 0
-------- — ------------------- - — _ _ — —
-------— --------------------------------------------------
1. 3
.5
.4
.2
.2
1. 5
.5
.5
.2
.2
.3
.4
.1
.2
.3
.6
.2
.7
.2
_
_
.2
.5
16. 7
5. 2
3.9
2. 3
1. 3
.5
.2
.3
.1
.1
.6
.2
.3
.2
.5
12. 7
4. 1
2.9
1.8
1. 2
.1
.4
.1
.1
.2
— — - --------
2. 2
2. 5
.1
3.0
3 .4
3. 5
4. 3
$ 4 .0 0 and over —
Total
—_
2. 2
_
100. 0
100.0
100.0
22,604
20,031
2, 213
$ 2 .4 9
$2. 35
2.0
______________________________________________
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100.0
100. 0
100.0
Number of w o r k e r s -------------------------------------
29,114
25,618
2,616
3, 335
2, 917
2, 008
1, 503
$ 2 .6 2
$ 2 .6 4
$ 3 .0 0
$3. 20
$2.4 7
A verage hourly earnings 1 -------------------------1
2
3
$2. 53
$ 2.55
$2. 35
E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately.
Includes data fo r types of textiles in addition to those shown separately.
NOTE:
B e c a u s e o f rou n din g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u a l 100.
-
-
T a b le 5. E a rn in g s distribution: M a n m a d e fib e r te x tile s
(P ercen t distribution of production w orkers in textile dyeing and finishing establishm ent by average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings, 1 United States and selected regions,
D ecem ber 1970)
United States
Average hourly earnings 1
T o ta l1
3
2
1
B road woven
fa b rics
2
New England
Y arn
or
thread
T o t a l3
B road woven
fa b rics
$ 1.60 and under $ 1 . 6 5 -------------------------------$ 1 .6 5 and under $ 1 . 7 0 _____________________
$ 1. 70 and under $ 1. 7 5 __
_____ _ __ _
0. 1
.1
.1
0. 1
.1
.1
_
0. 2
0. 4
.3
0. 5
.3
$ 1 .7 5
$ 1. 80
$ 1. 85
$ 1. 90
$ 1. 95
and
and
and
and
and
under $ 1. 8 0 _____________________
under $ 1. 85 — — - _ ____ under $ 1. 90 __ _ ______ ________
under $ 1. 9 5 _______
_ _ _ __
under $ 2. 0 0 ______ _ ___ _ __
.1
.4
1. 2
1.9
2. 8
.i
.4
.6
1. 5
1. 4
.1
.7
3. 5
3.8
8. 5
.3
_
.6
1. 2
1.0
.3
_
.7
.6
2.
$2.
$2.
$2.
00
10
20
30
40
and
and
and
and
and
under $ 2. 1 0 -------------------------------under $2. 20 _ _ ____ ______ __
under $2. 30 —
_ ---- _
__
— _
under $2. 40 _
__
under $ 2. 5 0 --------------------------------
8. 0
9.0
8 .9
7 .9
10. 7
6
3
0
0
4
4. 0
6. 7
4 .6
7 .7
8 .9
$ 2 . 50
$ 2. 60
$ 2 .7 0
$ 2. 80
$ 2. 90
and
and
and
and
and
under $ 2. 6 0 -------------------------------under $ 2. 7 0 __ _ _ __ __
under $ 2 .8 0 ____
under $ 2. 9 0 _____________________
under $ 3. 0 0 --------------------------------
6 .0
6. 1
6. 5
3.6
2. 0
7 .9
3. 1
2. 0
1. 1
.8
$ 3. 00
$ 3 .1 0
$3. 20
$ 3. 30
$ 3. 40
and
and
and
and
and
under $ 3. 1 0 _____________________
under $ 3. 20 ____ . . .
_ ___
under $3. 30 _ _
__ _ _____
under $ 3. 4 0 -------------------------------under $ 3. 50 _
_ __ _ __ __
2.0
1. 3
2. 0
10. 2
1.9
9
2
1
2
2
3. 50
3. 60
$ 3 .7 0
$ 3. 80
$ 3 .9 0
and
and
and
and
and
under $ 3. 6 0 -------------------------------under $ 3. 7 0 ___ __ _ _ _ __
under $ 3. 8 0
under $ 3. 9 0 _____________________
under $ 4 .0 0
__
2. 1
.8
.4
4
3
.
.
2. 7
.8
4
3
2
3. 0
3. 4
100. 0
100.0
30, 726
22,848
6, 445
5, 181
4, 551
$ 2 .6 5
$2. 73
$2. 35
$ 2 .6 3
$2. 67
$
$ 2.
$
$
----------------_____ _
$ 4 .0 0 and over _ ___
__ ___ _
_ _ ___
Total__________________
Number o f w ork ers _ _
___
A verage hourly earnings 1
1
2
3
-------------- __ __
6.
7.
8.
8.
11.
2
4
1
4
1
5 .8
7 .0
7. 9
3. 4
1. 8
1.
1.
2.
13.
2.
.
.
.
T otal 3
Southeast
B road woven
fa b rics
T otal 3
B roadwoven
fabrics
Yarn
or
thread
-
0. 1
_
.1
0. 1
.1
•1
0. 3
-
0. 2
1. 5
.4
.4
_
0.7
.6
.6
.2
.7
1. 2
3. 3
4 .9
.2
.8
.6
2. 5
2. 5
3. 1
5 .9
12. 8
3.5
4. 5
4. 4
5 .9
9- 1
4.6
2. 1
3. 5
2. 8
3.0
2. 6
1. 3
1.0
1. 7
2. 5
11.6
13. 2
13.9
10. 6
16. 4
9.7
12. 4
14. 3
12. 4
17. 4
18. 2
14.6
12.9
5.0
13. 3
13. 0
11.0
22. 3
7. 1
2 .9
13.8
12. 0
24. 9
7 .6
3. 2
3. 4
6 .4
3. 2
4. 0
2. 7
1.0
7. 0
2. 9
1.8
1. 0
5. 7
4 .6
3. 5
2. 2
1.4
5.7
5.0
4. 2
2. 7
1.7
5.6
3.5
1. 3
.8
.5
1. 5
1. 1
1. 4
1.5
1.0
2. 5
.6
.6
.6
2. 7
.6
.7
.7
. 3
.6
1.9
4. 7
42. 2
6. 5
1.9
1.0
.8
.5
.3
1. 6
2. 4
4 .8
30. 8
5. 3
2.5
1. 1
1. 1
.5
.4
.2
.7
1
.2
• 1
~6
_
.3
.3
.2
.1
.3
.2
.2
.1
.3
.2
5. 5
2. 3
.6
.9
8
.7
.9
.
7. 3
2.6
.6
8
6
.. 21
.2
.1
-
1. 3
2. 6
3.0
6 .9
7. 6
.8
1. 0
.1
100.0
100. 0
100.0
100.0
100. 0
100.0
100.0
100.0
9, 846
6, 962
14,714
11, 133
3, 511
$3. 13
$3. 28
$2. 37
$2. 42
$2. 21
12.
16.
12.
7.
11.
.2
Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately.
Includes data for types of textiles in addition to those shown separately.
NOTE:
M iddle Atlantic
B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l to t a ls .
.2
_
_
-
.
.
.3
-
.1
.7
#
-
T a b le 6. O c c u p a tio n a l ave ra g e s: A ll e sta b lish m e n ts
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x t ile d y e in g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , U nited S ta tes and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
United States 2
Department, occupation, and sex
Number
of
w ork ers
Mean
641
449
250
199
214
$2. 61
2. 39
2. 53
2. 22
2.4 4
383
369
2. 68
2.70
2. 59
2. 59
215
2. 52
60
2. 41
503
2.48
New England
A verage hourly earnings 1
M iddle Atlantic
Median
Number
of
Middle range w ork ers
Mean
Median
Middle range w ork ers
Mean
Median
$2 .
2.
2.
2.
2.
$2. 25-$ 2.
2 .1 4 - 2.
2. 1 7 - 2.
1. 9 9 - 2.
2. 3 0 - 2.
$2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
66
40
40
36
47
$ 2. 46-$ 2. 77
2. 1 9 - 2. 62
2. 3 9 - 2. 63
2. 0 6 - 2. 60
2. 3 2 - 2. 49
236
102
77
25
10
$ 2 .9 3
2. 88
3. 08
2.28
3. 04
$3 . 11
2.81
3.33
2.3 5
-
108
107
3. 23
3. 24
3. 38
3. 38
A verage hourly earnings 1
Number
Southeast1
A verage hourly earnings 1
Number
of
M iddle range w ork ers
A verage hourly earnings 1
Mean
Median
Middle range
G rev room
Layout men, g rey goods (604 men,
37 w om en)—-------------------------— ----Sew ing-m achine o p e r a t o r s ---- ------- M en ---------------------------------------------W om en --------------------------------------- Singer operations (a ll m en) ---- ——
47
27
38
14
40
82
60
69
48
48
142
50
23
27
22
$ 2 .6 2
2.49
2. 56
2. 43
2. 46
2. 3 8 - 2. 91
2. 3 8 - 2. 92
80
80
2. 69
2. 69
2. 66
2. 66
2. 5 9 - 2 .8 0
2. 5 9 - 2. 80
2. 53
2. 4 1 - 2. 60
27
2.58
2. 54
2. 5 4 - 2. 74
2.41
2. 3 8 - 2. 48
-
2 .44
2. 3 5 - 2. 62
45
2.66
2. 70
2. 5 2 - 2. 78
29
2. 68
2. 51
2. 3 5 - 2. 74
33
33
33
36
237
291
150
141
156
$2 . 32
2.20
2. 24
2. 16
2.4 0
$ 2 .2 8
2. 18
2. 20
2. 10
2. 38
$ 2. 20-$ 2. 40
2. 0 9 - 2. 32
2. 1 7 - 2. 32
1 .9 5 - 2.31
2. 3 0 - 2. 48
2. 7 9 - 3. 44
2. 7 9 - 3. 44
178
168
2. 38
2. 38
2. 38
2. 38
2. 1 9 - 2. 50
2. 2 0 - 2. 54
$2.
2.
2.
2.
60-$ 3.
6 0 - 3.
6 9 - 3.
0 0 - 2.
-
Bleaching
B o ilo ff m a ch in e -o p e ra to r
(a ll m en)3 --------------------------------- —
C lo t h -------------------------------------------C lo th -m e rc e r iz e r o p e ra to rs (a ll
m e n )----------------------------------------------C lo th -m e rc e r iz e r o p e ra to rs,
assistants (a ll m e n )---------------------Continuous bleach range op erators
(a ll m e n ) --------------------------- -----------
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
180
2. 51
2. 50
2. 4 0 - 2. 57
_
_
_
.
45
2. 38
2. 41
2. 3 8 - 2. 48
410
2.46
2.42
2. 3 2 - 2. 55
Dveing
D yeing-m achine tenders, cloth
(3, 985 m en, 57 w omen) 3 ------------- 4, 042
B eck or box (1, 525 m en, 24
women) —— — — — ------------------ 1,549
Continuous range (a ll m e n ) - ----558
J i g ( l , 507 m en, 11 m en)------------ 1, 518
Pad (260 m en, 20 w omen) -------—
280
D yeing-m achine tenders, yarn
(813 m en, 18 women)------------------- 813
2.78
2. 70
2. 4 0 - 3. 38
763
2. 69
2. 76
2. 5 9 - 2. 78 1,616
3. 21
3. 38
3. 2 8 - 3. 38 1, 564
2. 39
2. 40
2. 2 5 - 2. 51
2.73
2. 53
2. 96
2. 56
2. 55
2. 51
2.91
2. 63
2.
2.
2.
2.
33
63
38
78
177
2. 55
2. 78
2/78
2. 4 4 - 2. 76
409
91
2 .60
2. 74
2. 70
2. 7 0 - 2. 78
2. 6 6 - 2. 78
709
26
387
47
3. 13
3. 13
3.30
2. 94
3.33
2 .8 0
3. 38
2. 79
2.
2.
3.
2.
38
71
38
38
657
459
242
136
2. 34
2.48
2. 39
2. 34
2. 38
2.48
2.39
2. 38
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.69
2. 62
2. 4 6 - 2. 79
72
2. 50
2. 40
2. 3 5 - 2. 68
255
3. 16
3. 26
2. 9 0 - 3. 36
414
2.47
2. 50
2. 3 3 - 2. 64
2. 78
2.86
5. 59
2. 67
2 .74
5. 43
2. 4 8 - 3. 33
2. 5 7 - 3. 08
5 .2 8 - 6.11
36
212
154
2.51
2.62
5. 39
2. 45
2. 57
5.28
2. 4 4 - 2. 54
2. 5 6 - 2. 71
5. 2 8 - 5. 33
95
241
179
3. 20
3. 38
6. 16
3. 33
3. 53
6. 30
2. 8 8 - 3. 38
3. 4 3 - 3. 53
6. 3 0 - 6. 38
106
464
498
2.49
2. 74
5. 52
2. 55
2. 74
5.43
2. 3 2 - 2. 61
2. 6 1 - 2. 81
5. 4 2 - 5. 78
2.91
2. 89
2.80
2 .94
2 .6 5 - 3. 15
2. 6 0 - 3. 10
159
2.79
2 .80
-
-
-
2. 6 5 - 3. 08
-
360
162
3. 20
3. 51
3. 10
3. 29
2. 6 5 - 3. 83
3. 1 0 - 3.93
493
393
2.68
2. 62
2. 75
2.71
2. 4 0 - 2. 99
2. 2 5 - 2. 95
3.46
2.81
3.49
2.65
2 .9 2 - 4. 15
2. 6 5 - 2. 95
-
-
_
12
186
4.29
2. 87
_
2.6 5
„
2. 6 5 - 2. 65
66
3. 19
_
3. 47
2 .8 6 - 3. 52
_
2.65
2. 60
2. 3 4 - 2. 68
169
187
3. 36
3. 43
3. 4 3 - 3. 53
456
2.42
2. 42
2. 2 6 - 2. 62
38406335-
3.
2.
3.
2.
-
91743864-
3.
3.
3.
3.
25372515-
2.
2.
2.
2.
40
55
55
57
Printing
A g er op era tors (a ll m e n )------— ——
238
Back tenders, printing (a ll men)---961
P rin ters , m achine (a ll m en)—---- —
853
P rin ters, s cree n (1, 010 m en,
94 w om en)— ------------— ------------------ 1, 104
Autom atic fla t s c r e e n (a ll men)—
586
Autom atic ro ta ry sc r e e n
(a ll m en)---------------------- --------- —
99
Hand (325 m en, 94 women)
419
P rintin g-m achine h elpers
(a ll m en)------------- ------------ -— -------—
813
2. 51
_
2. 53
2. 3 7 - 2. 64
Finishing
Calender tenders (596 m en,
7 women) —--------------------------------- —
603
F inishing-range op erator (2, 031
m en, 27 w om en)—----------------------— 2, 058
Mangle tenders (a ll m e n )---------------265
San forizer op era to rs (a ll men)------314
T en ter-fra m e tenders (1, 800 m en,
30 wom en)------------- —-------------------— 1,830
2. 72
2.66
2. 4 1 - 3. 17
146
2. 60
2. 70
2. 4 6 - 2. 75
186
3. 22
3. 33
3. 3 3 - 3. 33
257
2. 45
2. 47
2. 2 5 - 2. 63
2.68
2.47
2. 57
2. 66
2. 45
2. 57
2. 3 8 - 2. 89
2. 3 4 - 2. 64
2. 4 0 - 2. 69
451
77
28
2. 56
2.46
2. 58
2. 67
2. 39
2. 54
2. 3 9 - 2. 75
2. 3 4 - 2. 50
2. 4 4 - 2. 82
693
15
21
3. 12
2.76
3. 01
3. 33
2. 51
3. 33
2. 7 9 - 3. 33
2. 4 8 - 3. 05
2. 6 8 - 3. 38
888
173
265
2. 41
2. 45
2. 54
2. 40
2.4 5
2. 56
2. 2 6 - 2. 54
2. 3 1 - 2. 66
2. 4 0 - 2. 68
2. 64
2. 51
2. 3 9 - 2. 81
333
2. 64
2. 68
2. 4 6 - 2. 77
557
3. 01
3. 10
2 .8 1 - 3.33
889
2. 41
2.41
2. 3 4 - 2. 47
2.46
2.49
2. 40
2.40
2.46
2. 34
2. 2 8 - 2. 62
2. 2 8 - 2. 62
2. 2 6 - 2. 38
43
2.39
2.46
.
2 .26
2. 2 6 - 2. 46
2. 1 4 - 2. 28
-
154
129
25
2. 50
2.48
2. 58
2.4 0
2.4 0
2.63
2. 2 6 - 2. 67
2. 2 8 - 2. 63
2. 1 0 - 2.80
Inspecting and putting-up
D ouble- and r o ll-m a ch in e
o p e ra to rs --------------------------------------M en ---------------------------------------------W om en-----------------------------------------
See footn ote at end o f table.
247
184
63
-
19
-
2. 22
_
_
_
_
-
_
.
_
_
-
-
T a b le 6. O c c u p a tio n a l ave ra g e s: A ll e sta b lis h m e n ts — C o n tin u e d
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x t ile d y e in g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , U nited S ta tes and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
United States
Departm ent, occupation, and sex
Number
New England
Number
A verage hourly earnings 1
w ork ers
Mean
Median
310
146
lo 4
1,597
906
691
1, 566
1, 291
275
3, 202
671
2, 531
$2. 51
2.83
2. 23
2. 42
2. 52
2. 29
2. 71
2. 78
2. 36
2. 21
2. 28
2. 19
$2. 34
2.88
2. 26
2. 38
2. 40
2. 31
2. 55
2. 67
2. 26
2. 14
2. 20
2. 13
1,142
1, 052
90
2. 52
2. 55
2. 18
2. 37
2. 38
2. 13
Middle range w ork ers
Middle Atlantic
A verage hourly earnings 1
Mean
Median
Number
of
Middle range w ork ers
Southeast
A vera ge hourly earnings 1
Number
A verage hourly earnings 1
Mean
Median
M iddle range w orkers
Mean
$ 2 . 72
$ 2 .4 2
$ 2. 06-$ 3. 55
$2. 51
2. 75
2. 35
2.42
2. 25
2. 54
2. 59
2 .25
2. 19
2.31
2. 16
$2. 34
2. 61
2.35
2. 38
2. 31
2.48
2.48
2. 16
2. 10
2. 25
2. 09
2. 30
2.31
2. 23
2. 32
2. 32
2. 32
Median. Middle range
Inspecting and putting-up—
Continued
In sp ectors, cloth, h an d-----------M e n ---------------------------------------W om en -----------------------------------In sp ectors, cloth, m achine — —
M en---------------------------------------W inders, cloth ---- ----------------------M en ------------------------ --------------W om en ---- — -------------------------W inders, y a r n --------------------------Men —------- -----------------------------W om en ----------------- — --------------
$2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
2.
1.
24—$2.84
4 6 - 3. 22
1 1 - 2. 33
2 7 - 2. 54
3 1 - 2. 67
1 5 - 2.4 0
4 0 - 3. 28
4 5 - 3. 33
1 3 - 2.62
9 8 - 2. 42
0 5 - 2. 50
9 7 - 2. 37
$2. 35
2. 10
2. 58
2. 70
2.43
2. 50
2. 55
2. 42
2. 18
2. 18
$2 . 22
31
317
184
133
297
182
115
193
193
2. 00
2. 56
2. 60
2. 39
2.46
2.46
2. 55
2. 14
2. 14
1. 9 0 2. 4 0 2. 5 4 2. 2 9 2. 3 6 2. 4 1 2. 1 3 1 .9 5 1. 9 5 -
2. 2 1 - 2. 72
2. 2 4 - 2. 74
2. 0 1 - 2. 34
155
148
-
2. 52
2. 54
-
2. 39
2. 39
-
54
-
-
$1. 90-$2. 88
-
46
-
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
22
67
71
58
72
72
73
23
-
-
-
206
101
2. 42
2.81 1,096
2.81
592
504
3. 38
830
3. 38
696
2. 60
134
2. 42 2, 273
459
2. 52 1,814
2. 23
28
171
118
420
398
22
604
392
2. 20
2. 58
2. 70
3. 19
3. 22
2. 59
2. 24
2. 26
2.06
2. 38
2. 75
3. 33
3.33
2. 42
2. 25
2.2 5
2. 0 6 2. 2 5 2 .3 5 3. 3 8 3. 2 8 2. 3 9 2. 0 0 2. 1 0 -
2. 1 7 - 2 .7 2
2. 2 1 - 2. 72
-
390
382
-
2 .8 5
2 .8 6
-
3. 10
3. 15
2. 3 4 - 3. 33
2. 3 4 - 3. 33
-
$2. 26—$2.
2. 3 5 - 3.
2. 2 5 - 2.
2. 2 9 - 2.
2. 0 1 - 2.
2. 2 4 - 2.
2. 3 4 - 2.
2. 0 7 - 2.
1. 9 7 - 2.
2. 0 5 - 2.
1. 9 6 - 2.
61
22
40
50
40
76
76
52
42
56
33
Packing and shipping
P a ck e rs , shipping--------------------M e n ---------------------------------------W om en ----------------------------------Shipping c le r k s (120 m en, 16
w om en )------------------------------------R eceivin g cle r k s (146 m en, 10
w o m e n )-----------------------------------Shipping and rece iv in g cle r k s
(96 m en, 4 w om e n )-----------------
528
477
51
2. 2 0 - 2. 40
2. 2 0 - 2. 40
1. 9 5 - 2. 41
136
2.92
2.80
2. 5 1 - 3. 38
30
2. 76
2. 59
2. 5 5 - 2. 93
72
3. 22
3. 33
2. 8 0 - 3. 50
25
2. 53
2. 50
2. 4 0 - 2. 60
156
2. 76
2. 63
2. 3 8 - 3. 20
21
2. 68
2. 68
2. 6 7 - 2. 72
61
3. 20
3. 38
2. 9 0 - 3. 58
65
2. 45
2. 40
2. 3 0 - 2. 53
100
2.81
2. 76
2. 5 0 - 3.00
20
2. 60
2 .7 2
2. 4 6 - 2. 78
55
3. 09
2.86
2. 8 6 - 3. 58
13
2. 52
-
-
Maintenance
E le ctricia n s (a ll m e n )-----------------F irem an , stationary b o ile r
(a ll m en)--------------------— -----------—
M achinists, m aintenance (a ll
m en) -------------------------------------------M aintenance men, gen eral utility
M echanics, m aintenance (a ll
men) ------------------------------------------
300
3. 26
3. 23
2. 9 7 - 3. 50
42
3. 30
3. 21
3. 0 1 - 3. 53
23
3 .7 2
3 .6 5
3. 5 5 - 4. 02
228
3. 19
3. 16
2. 9 2 - 3. 45
522
3. 16
3. 02
2. 6 1 - 4. 08
86
3. 08
3. 05
2. 8 4 - 3. 20
232
3 .7 2
4. 13
3. 2 5 - 4. 13
197
2. 56
2. 52
2. 3 5 - 2. 83
184
3. 21
3. 20
2. 9 0 - 3. 51
59
3. 09
3. 08
2. 9 7 - 3. 21
28
3.91
4. 04
3. 5 8 - 4. 48
94
3. 07
3. 13
3. 7 6 - 3. 45
599
2.96
2.85
2. 5 7 - 3. 36
111
2. 86
2.87
2. 6 0 - 3. 30
196
3. 43
3. 50
2. 8 5 - 4. 08
228
2.73
2. 76
2. 5 0 - 3. 02
858
3. 20
3. 11
2 . 8 5 - 3.45
77
2.93
2.8 5
2. 8 5 - 2. 99
137
4. 02
4. 13
3. 9 0 - 4. 21
637
3. 06
3. 11
2. 8 3 - 3. 38
M iscellaneous
B a tchers ( 5 5 7 men, 17 w om en)C olor m ix e rs (1, 656 m en, 64
w om en )-------------------- ----------------Dye house (935 m en, 53
worn en)
—------- ---------------—
P rin t shop (721 men, 11
worn en)------- ------------- —-------- D ry -ca n s op era to rs (a ll m e n ) ----Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cleanersM e n ---------------------------------------W om en -----------------------------------L a b o r e rs , m aterial handling
(a ll m en )-—-------------------------------W asher tenders (a ll m en)----------- 1
3
2
574
2. 84
2. 72
2. 3 5 - 3. 33
125
2. 60
2. 67
2. 4 8 - 2. 72
298
3. 19
3. 33
3. 33-
3. 33
139
2. 27
2. 21
2. 1 4 - 2. 32
1, 720
2. 70
2. 66
2. 3 0 - 2. 92
213
2. 67
2. 68
2. 5 5 - 2.82
384
3. 39
3. 57
3. 1 3 - 3.63
918
2. 53
2. 59
2. 3 0 - 2. 73
988
2. 62
2. 55
2. 1 6 - 2.80
102
2.72
2. 68
2. 5 5 - 2. 92
187
3. 48
3. 58
3. 3 0 - 3. 63
510
2.48
2. 50
2. 3 0 - 2. 64
732
626
750
709
41
2.80
2. 71
2. 14
2. 15
2. 03
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2. 5 4 2. 4 0 1 .9 5 1 .9 5 1 .8 9 -
04
01
25
25
10
111
149
59
56
-
2. 62
2.6 0
2. 39
2. 41
2. 68
2. 63
2. 40
2. 41
-
2. 5 1 2. 5 0 2. 2 5 2. 2 6 “
74
74
55
56
197
171
97
97
"
3.31
3. 30
2 .7 6
2. 76
"
3. 38
3. 38
2 .8 4
2 .8 4
"
2. 9 1 3. 3 3 2. 3 6 2. 3 6 -
63
39
33
33
408
239
559
529
30
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
60
39
02
02
01
2. 70
2. 40
1.97
1.98
1.92
2. 3 2 2. 2 6 1. 9 4 1. 9 4 1. 89~
1, 702
309
2. 30
2. 63
2. 22
2 .44
2. 0 3 - 2. 50
2. 3 5 - 2. 73
405
60
2. 51
2. 42
2. 50
2 .43
2. 4 0 - 2. 68
2. 3 0 - 2. 50
299
75
2. 62
3. 34
2. 50
3. 38
2. 2 0 - 3. 10
3. 3 8 - 3. 43
895
166
2. 10
2. 39
2. 08
2. 40
1. 9 5 - 2. 24
2. 3 4 - 2. 52
73
60
04
04
02
3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r work on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts.
m id d le-ra n g es a r e not com puted fo r jo b s having few er than 15 w ork ers in a region.
2 Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately.
3 Includes data fo r w ork ers in cla ssification s in addition to those shown separately.
NOTE:
D a s h e s in d ic a t e n o data r e p o r t e d o r data that d o n o t m e e t p u b lic a t io n s c r i t e r i a .
2.
2.
2.
2.
3.
3.
3.
3.
See Appendix A fo r m ethod o f com puting m ean,
m edian,
and m iddle-range.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
78
53
08
08
09
Medians and
T a b le 7. O c c u p a tio n a l averages: B y type o f fin is h e r s
(N u m b e r an d a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in t e x t ile d y e in g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , U n ited Sta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
United States 1
2
Sex and occupation
C om m ission
m ill
Average
Number
of
hourly
w ork ers earnines
New England
F or own
account
Number Average
of
hourly
w ork ers earnines
C om m ission
m ill
Number
Average
of
hourly
w ork ers earnines
Middle Atlantic
F o r own
acccmnt
Number
Average
of
hourly
w ork ers earnines
C om m ission
m ill
Number
A verage
of
hourly
w ork ers earnines
Southeast
F or own
account
Number
A verage
of
hourly
w ork ers earnines
C om m ission
m ill
Number
Average
of
hourly
w ork ers earnines
F or own
account
Number
Average
of
hourly
w orkers earnines
M en
A g er op era tors -------- ------- ------------B ack tenders, printing -------— -— —
B atchers
—
B o ilo ff m a ch in e -o p e ra to r
--------Calender tenders
C lo t h -m e r c e r iz e r o p e ra to rs . . . -----C o lo r m ix e rs --------------------------------Dye house ---------------------------------P rint shop — ---------------------— —
Continuous b leach range
op era tors „-T-r—T----------------------------D ouble-and r oll-m a ch in e
op era tors . — --------- —----------------- —
D ry -ca n s o p e r a t o r s ----------------------D yeing-m achine tenders, c lo t h 3 —
Continuous r a n g e ---------------------J ig — —-------------- ------------— ------—
Pad
D yeing-m achine tenders, y a r n ----E l e c t r ic i a n s -----------------------------------F in ish in g-ra n ge o p e ra to rs -----------F irem en , stationary b o ile r ----------In sp ectors, cloth, m achine ---- -----Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs —
L a b o r e rs , m a te ria l h a n d lin g -------Layout m en, grey g o o d s ---------------M achinists, m a in te n a n c e -------------Maintenance m en, general
utility ---- — ------------ --------------- ----Mangle tenders ------------------------------M echanics, m aintenance —
P a ck e rs , s h ip p in g ------------- — -------P rin ters, m achine -----------------------P rin ters , s c r e e n 3 -------------------------Autom atic flat s c r e e n — ~ ------Hand —— ------------— -------- -----------P rintin g-m achine h elpers — — -----R eceivin g cle r k s -----------—--------------San forizer o p era to rs -------- ------------Sew ing-m achine o p e ra to rs -----------Shipping c l e r k s ------------------------------Shipping and r ece iv in g c le r k s ------Singer o p era tors ------- —-----------------T e n te r-fra m e t e n d e r s ------------------W asher tenders ___________________
W inders, cloth — ---- — ----------------—
158
570
460
244
409
90
986
589
397
$ 2 .8 9
2. 90
2. 95
2.77
2.80
2.50
2.72
2. 65
2. 84
80
389
97
139
187
125
670
346
324
200
2.41
71
348
2,722
1-, 073
172
1, 238
164
541
140
1,419
378
324
276
791
423
111
2. 36
2.83
2.90
2. 87
2.52
3.02
2.63
2.79
3. 26
2.75
3. 33
2. 58
2. 29
2. 42
2.74
3. 22
404
133
413
580
430
631
416
158
468
103
95
154
91
58
116
1,026
180
746
326
82
187
1, 181
_
_
15
_
_
$ 2 . 56
2.81
2. 37
2 .5 3
2.57
2. 54
2.71
2. 65
2.77
36
212
93
48
127
23
178
77
101
$ 2 .5 1
2 .62
2.65
2. 66
2. 60
2.57
2.69
2.75
2.65
_
31
25
_
303
2.5 3
39
2.65
_
113
278
1, 263
452
385
269
96
272
160
612
144
582
433
911
181
73
2.57
2.55
2 .5 3
2. 43
2 .53
2 .6 9
2.57
2.51
3. 25
2. 55
2 .7 4
2.48
2.06
2. 20
2.40
3. 21
_
118
656
150
22
386
84
_
27
391
68
113
42
302
123
38
_
2.61
2.71
2.63
2.80
2.74
2.71
3.31
2. 56
3.06
2.6 4
2. 44
2. 58
2. 66
3.06
_
31
96
_
.
_
_
.
15
52
18
71
14
99
_
21
_
2.59
2 .54
_
_
.
_
_
3. 29
2 .6 4
3. 14
2.79
2. 29
2. 28
_
3. 15
3.00
2. 42
3. 22
2. 68
5 .63
2. 95
2.91
2.78
2. 75
2.85
2.57
2.60
3. 11
2.74
2.44
2.74
2. 76
2.85
195
132
445
472
423
379
170
167
343
43
219
96
29
38
97
774
128
545
2. 88
2 .5 2
3. 18
2. 39
5 .5 4
2. 96
2. 84
3 .0 3
2 .5 3
2.67
2.57
2.41
2.68
2 .8 9
2 .4 3
2 .5 2
2 .4 4
2.69
86
64
67
117
154
53
_
_
153
17
23
15
19
19
22
308
59
127
2.85
2. 45
2.93
2.50
5 .3 9
3.26
_
_
2. 49
2.67
2. 54
2. 47
2.7 9
2.58
2.46
2.63
2.42
2. 60
25
_
10
31
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
8
7
_
_
25
2.89
_
2. 95
2.67
-
-
2.27
2. 32
2. 30
2.2 0
365
117
88
1,350
2.31
2. 15
2 .4 6
2. 18
127
27
110
"
2 .43
2.43
2.43
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
2.46
_
_
2 .6 2
2. 64
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
_
2.73
2.95
_
_
2 .8 2
_
_
_
95
239
281
93
176
_
336
154
182
$3 . 20
3.39
3 .2 4
3. 32
3. 24
_
3.40
3 .5 2
3.30
_
_
_
7
_
39
31
_
_
3.28
_
3.50
3. 36
_
27
75
74
88
102
64
323
217
106
23
2.70
6
2.59
_
155
1,469
669
21
708
25
212
21
619
210
57
63
197
198
27
_
3. 34
3.25
3. 19
3. 20
3 .32
3. 18
3. 23
3 .7 2
3. 17
3.79
3.00
2.86
2.71
3 .0 2
3 .92
_
16
122
_
_
79
_
43
_
70
22
61
34
102
17
_
143
9
121
254
179
268
153
103
185
52
15
65
60
28
8
457
71
376
3.48
2. 95
4 .0 3
3.09
6 .1 6
3.29
3.46
2. 90
3.37
3. 20
3. 17
3.07
3.33
2.95
3.07
3.05
3. 36
3.25
53
_
16
128
.
92
_
83
_
9
_
_
9
.
.
70
_
22
$2. 28
2. 39
2.21
2. 32
2.29
2. 47
2. 31
2 .34
2 .2 4
79
389
65
90
155
116
589
287
302
130
2. 30
280
2.53
2.85
_
2.69
3.04
2.43
2. 57
2.46
2. 85
_
40
73
575
248
129
128
55
187
89
393
96
144
149
250
81
44
2. 29
2. 14
2. 25
2. 18
2.36
2.29
2. 26
2.55
3. 11
2. 29
2.53
2. 37
2.05
2.03
2.33
2.90
89
166
968
409
329
114
61
209
139
480
101
448
380
645
143
50
2.57
2.50
2.48
2.44
2.52
2.49
2.53
2.41
3.24
2.52
2.59
2.44
2.00
2. 13
2. 35
3. 22
3.27
.
3.89
2 .42
_
2.96
_
2.8 2
_
3.21
_
.
2.6 4
_
_
3.01
„
2.78
124
60
225
200
75
310
252
_
130
34
57
74
12
9
62
245
44
243
2.76
2.30
2.86
2. 27
5 .3 9
2.61
2.57
_
2. 17
2.40
2. 42
2. 21
2.51
2.51
2. 36
2. 31
2. 30
2. 36
104
113
412
277
423
183
141
_
326
30
208
76
13
.
93
644
122
453
2.69
2.53
3. 16
2. 34
5.5 4
2. 80
2.70
_
2.52
2.50
2.57
2. 27
2.56
2.42
2.45
2.43
2.72
149
32
59
666
2. 12
2.27
2. 04
2. 19
355
109
75
1, 148
2. 31
2. 13
2.42
2. 14
2.91
2.92
_
3. 12
$2. 56
2.81
2. 33
2.44
2.55
2.53
2.66
2.58
2.73
W omen
In spectors, cloth, m a c h in e -----------Sew ing-m achine o p e r a t o r s ------------W inders, c lo t h --------------------------------W inders, y a r n ---------------------------------
1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately.
3 Includes data fo r w ork ers in cla ssifica tio n s in addition to those shown separately.
NOTE:
D a s h e s in d ic a t e no data r e p o r t e d o r data that do n ot m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r ia .
_
_
23
18
248
_
_
2. 26
2 .44
2 .20
_
_
-
_
_
_
T a b le 8. O c c u p a tio n a l a ve ra g e s: C o tto n b ro a d w o v e n fa b ric s
(Number and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w ork ers in selected occupations in cotton broadw oven fa b rics dyeing and finishing establishm ents,
United States and se le cte d region s, D ecem ber 1970)
United States 1
2
Sex and occupation
New England
M iddle Atlantic
Number
of
w ork ers
A verage
hourly
e am in es
111
449
147
129
254
153
632
226
406
$2. 47
2.6 2
2.52
2.58
2.53
2.51
2. 57
2.57
2. 57
24
79
26
20
42
19
63
15
48
$2. 46
2.55
2.42
2. 68
2. 40
2. 46
2.59
2.61
2. 58
299
270
1,094
263
313
376
109
159
616
163
402
304
780
238
77
2.49
2.59
2.61
2.47
2.58
2. 78
2.53
3.25
2.53
2.85
2. 59
2. 13
2.22
2. 56
3. 23
24
60
89
156
175
406
335
461
466
327
450
200
101
157
598
171
672
2. 86
2.47
3. 20
2. 49
5. 35
2. 78
2. 66
2.41
2 .5 4
2.58
2. 43
2. 58
2.40
2.58
103
125
137
114
2.
2.
2.
2.
Number
of
w ork ers
A verage
hourly
earninss
Number
of
w ork ers
A verage
hourly
earninss
Southeast
Number
of
w ork ers
Average
hourly
earninss
Men
A ger operators . .
Back tenders, printing
_
Batchers ----------- ---- ------------------- —
B o ilo ff m a c h i n e - o p e r a t o r ____—
Calender tenders -------------------------C lo th -m e rce riz e r op erators — C olor m ixers
Dye house ---------------------------------Print shop
Continuous bleach range
operators
D ry-cans op erators
Dyeing-m achine tenders, c lo t h 3 —
Beck o r box
Continuous r a n g e ______________
J i g --------------------------------------------Pad
E lectricians — ----- ----------------------—
Finishing-range op erators __ -____
__
Firem en, stationary b o ile r
Inspectors, cloth, m achine _______
Janitors, p o rte rs , and clea n ers —
L a borers, m aterial h a n d lin g _____
Layout m en, grey goods
M achinists, m a in te n a n c e _________
Maintenance m en, general
utility
-----Mangle tenders
__
M echanics, m aintenance -------------P ack ers, s h i p p i n g ________________
Printers, m achine — —— — — — —
P rinters, s c r e e n 3
Automatic flat s c r e e n -------------Printing-m achine helpers .
Sanforizer operators
Sewing-m achine operators
Singer op erators
T en ter-fram e t e n d e r s ------------------Washer tenders —
W inders, c l o t h -------------------— -------
_
86
366
94
95
181
130
528
183
345
$ 2 .4 8
2.63
2. 31
2.42
2.50
2.52
2.51
2.44
2.54
241
104
737
229
289
113
79
133
447
108
315
255
580
145
42
2.47
2.45
2.49
2.42
2.53
2.48
2.49
3. 25
2.44
2.66
2.50
2.05
2. 14
2. 37
3. 23
3.87
2.76
3.90
3.07
_
_
_
_
_
3.3 2
2.93
3.07
_
3.08
54
134
343
220
394
374
291
364
180
70
114
393
128
502
2.76
2.45
3. 14
2. 32
5. 36
2.64
2.57
2.41
2.54
2. 32
2.42
2.47
2.41
2.53
_
_
93
109
111
74
2.
2.
2.
2.
_
_
_
21
_
28
23
_
_
_
$ 3 .0 9
15
39
177
29
2 .92
3. 15
3.23
2.80
7
59
12
15
110
24
57
15
109
27
30
2. 54
2.50
2.53
2. 50
2.55
2 .4 4
3. 20
2. 60
3. 16
2 .9 2
2. 32
2. 49
2.61
3. 17
126
12
6
55
24
20
20
20
54
3. 33
2.83
3.79
3.07
3.4 3
3. 15
3. 13
2.85
3. 14
53
26
19
35
67
50
2.59
2.45
2. 99
2.90
5. 28
3.03
25
15
37
43
85
15
8
11
74
37
91
2.43
2.5 2
2.75
2. 29
2.58
2.32
2.50
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
23
6
92
_
64
3.6 4
3 .64
Women
Inspectors, cloth, hand
Inspectors, cloth, m achine ----------Sewing-m achine operators
_
W inders, c l o t h ----------------------- -------
1
2
3
27
23
20
39
10
2. 22
11
~
2. 38
-
_
_
E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately.
Includes data fo r w ork ers in c la ssifica tio n s in addition to those shown separately.
NOTE:
D a s h e s in d ic a te n o data r e p o r t e d o r data that do n ot m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a .
_
_
-
28
25
16
26
T a b le 9. O c c u p a tio n a l a ve ra g e s: M a n m a d e fib e r b ro a d w o v e n fa b r ic s
(Number and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w ork ers in s elected occupations in manmade fib e r broadw oven fa b rics dyeing and finishing
establishm ents, United States and s elected region s, D ecem ber 1970)
United States 1
2
Sex and occupation
Number
of
w ork ers
New England
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of
w ork ers
Middle Atlantic
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of
w ork ers
Southeast
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of
w ork ers
Average
hourly
earnings
Men
Ager operators ___________________
Back tenders, printing------------------Batchers ---------------------------------------B oiloff m achine-operator
____ _
---Calender tenders __ -----------C olor m ix ers ---- --- — — -----Dye house — ______ _______ _
Print shop _ ~
— ___
Continuous bleach range
op erators-------------------------------------D ry-cans operators _ __ —
Dyeing-m achine tenders, c lo t h 3___
Beck or box
___________ __ _
Continuous range
Jig --------------------------------------------Pad ....................................................
E lectricians _ ----- — _ _ ------Finishing-range o p e r a t o r s ________
F irem en, stationary b o ile r s _ _
In spectors, cloth, machine - __
Janitors, p o rte rs, and clea n ers —
L a b o re rs, m aterial h a n d lin g _____
Layout m en, grey g o o d s___________
M achinists, m a in te n a n ce_________
Maintenance m en, general
utility — ------ - — — — ---M echanics, m aintenance__ —
P a ck ers, sh ip p in g--------------------------P rin ters, machine _____ — —
P rin ters, s c r e e n 3
_ _ _________
Automatic flat screen — --------Printing-m achine h e l p e r s ________
Receiving clerk s ---------------------- ----Sanforizer o p e ra tio n s _____________
Sewing-m achine o p e r a t o r s -----------Shipping clerks _ ______________
Singer operators --------------------T en ter-fram e tenders ____________
W asher tenders ___________________
W inders, cloth — ------------------------
08
07
99
77
87
94
82
13
12
133
74
23
100
131
72
59
$2. 61
2. 67
2. 68
2. 71
2 .6 8
2. 74
2.77
2. 70
75
195
241
95
152
231
113
118
$3 . 30
3. 47
3. 24
3. 18
3. 29
3.47
3. 45
3. 49
_
45
73
76
268
205
_
194
325
2,683
1, 184
240
1,068
123
116
1,344
280
468
303
531
321
84
2 .46
2. 82
2. 86
2. 81
2.47
3. 04
2. 69
3. 26
2. 76
3.47
2 .43
2. 18
2. 39
2. 69
3-20
61
595
162
_
303
61
23
320
47
111
33
240
102
21
_
2. 72
2. 72
2. 62
2. 77
2. 76
3.40
2. 56
3. 07
2. 58
2. 44
2. 54
2. 62
2.99
_
129
1,281
588
16
636
30
9
589
176
78
56
69
126
19
_
3. 35
3. 27
3. 25
2. 77
3. 31
3. 00
3. 80
3. 14
3. 84
2. 56
2. 77
3. 05
3. 03
3. 81
167
135
801
428
169
129
32
82
423
57
277
210
222
79
42
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
3.
2.
2.
2.
1.
2.
2.
3.
258
354
440
352
294
204
341
76
114
137
60
56
1, 048
127
576
3. 10
3. 19
2 .68
6. 03
3. 39
3. 35
2.96
2. 79
2. 63
2. 47
3. 00
2. 44
2. 66
2. 96
3. 03
44
58
103
87
_
_
84
17
13
3.21
2.91
2.43
5. 47
_
_
2. 58
2. 67
2. 64
2. 68
2. 63
2. 65
2. 76
2.61
3.41
4. 00
3. 10
6 .69
3.48
3. 47
3. 43
3. 28
3. 16
3. 01
3. 32
305
71
299
3. 15
3. 36
3. 32
90
227
140
_
64
47
92
28
85
80
12
41
496
38
194
2. 71
3. 02
2. 31
12
11
235
12
83
114
69
189
139
209
155
165
31
16
44
36
2. 98
2.95
2.48
2. 33
2. 53
2. 17
2. 37
2. 32
2. 36
2. 35
2. 75
530
62
156
2. 31
2. 27
2. 34
121
16
83
2. 47
2. 46
2. 35
16
13
2. 24
2. 68
395
30
60
2. 25
2. 19
2. 25
107
470
360
203
332
642
394
248
$3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
3.
.
_
_
_
$2. 18
2. 34
2. 32
2. 60
2. 49
_
44
34
32
29
38
30
27
12
38
64
33
98
02
30
01
_
Women
Inspectors, cloth, machine ----------Sewing-m achine operators -----------W inders, cloth ------- ------------ —
1 Excludes premium pay for overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately.
3 Includes data for w ork ers in cla ssifica tio n s in addition to those shown separately.
NOTE:
D ashes in d ic a te no data r e p o r t e d o r data that do n ot m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r it e r ia .
T a b le 10. O c c u p a tio n a l a ve ra g e s: B y s iz e o f c o m m u n ity
(N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in t e x t ile d y e in g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s in m e t r o p o lit a n and n o n m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s , U nited Sta tes and
s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
United States 1
2
M etropolitan
ar eas
Number Average
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
Sex and occupation
New England
Nonm etropolitan
artsas
Number
Average
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
M etropolitan
aresas
Number
A verage
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
M iddle Atlantic
N onm etropolitan
aresas
Number
A verage
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
M etropolitan
aresas
Number
A verage
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
Southeast
N onm etropolitan
Number
of
w ork ers
A verage
hourly
earnings
M etropolitan
Number
of
w ork ers
Average
hourly
earnings
Nonm etropolitan
Number
of
w ork ers
Average
hourly
earnings
Men
B a ck ten ders, printing
B o ilo ff m a ch in e-o p e ra to r
---------
C lo t h -m e r c e r iz e r o p e ra to rs . . . . . . .
$2. 97
3.10
2.96
2.95
2.89
2.58
3.07
3.04
3. 10
99
470
141
204
250
132
973
574
399
$ 2 .5 2
2.61
2.51
2.45
2. 50
2. 49
2. 47
2.40
2. 57
17
120
67
31
91
18
119
77
42
$2. 42
2.59
2.68
2.71
2.57
2. 59
2.63
2.69
2 .53
19
92
41
49
51
9
90
25
65
$ 2 .6 0
2.67
2 .5 4
2.67
2.65
2. 54
2. 75
2. 84
2 .72
87
223
276
81
169
_
348
169
179
$ 3 .2 5
3.45
3 .23
3 .43
3.30
_
3.47
3.57
3.38
8
$ 2 .6 7
34
$ 2 .5 2
22
27
14
_
27
16
_
2^80
2 .62
2.46
2? 62
2.65
_
73
65
76
59
205
112
93
2. 24
2.48
2.41
2.55
2.65
2.51
2.83
72
318
66
113
181
121
707
392
315
139
2.48
364
2.48
28
2.63
17
2.71
12
3. 06
17
2.41
88
2. 37
322
2.48
70
405
2,511
953
1, 185
2.46
2.88
2. 96
2 .9 4
3.07
114
221
1,474
572
322
2. 50
2. 39
2. 48
2.41
2. 57
120
499
108
270
2. 59
2 .6 4
2.46
2.71
29
253
_
128
96
46
15
_
_
2.63
2.60
2.68
36
54
440
206
79
2. 30
2.52
2. 38
2. 36
2. 32
93
185
1,103
451
163
2. 55
2. 35
2.41
2.33
2.42
137
403
122
1,183
317
280
322
807
357
106
2. 66
2. 95
3.40
2.86
3 .5 3
2.66
2. 30
2. 38
2.81
3. 33
123
410
178
848
205
626
387
895
247
78
2. 55
2.45
3. 16
2.46
2. 59
2.45
2 .0 2
2. 24
2. 40
3. 06
68
72
23
282
50
135
38
208
86
42
2 .7 2
2. 50
3.35
2 .5 4
3. 17
2. 70
2. 43
2. 42
2.59
3. 10
23
.
19
161
36
49
18
193
53
17
36
88
75
245
50
68
199
249
79
44
2. 23
2.65
3.33
2.42
2.70
2. 35
2.06
2. 06
2.37
3. 18
80
308
153
628
147
524
330
646
145
50
2.49
2.43
3. 12
2.41
2.52
2.43
1.99
2. 12
2. 33
2. 97
272
138
427
637
387
535
227
268
362
101
99
153
98
87
84
779
150
778
3.28
2. 45
3. 39
2. 69
5.78
3.06
3. 00
2. 98
2 .92
2. 92
2.6 3
2 .7 2
3.06
2.83
2. 48
2. 88
2. 84
2. 88
327
127
431
415
466
475
359
57
449
45
215
97
22
9
129
1,021
158
513
2.7 0
2.4 9
3.01
2. 33
5 .4 2
2. 84
2 .8 2
2. 57
2 .4 4
2 .5 2
2. 55
2. 23
2.77
2. 49
2.41
2. 46
2. 43
2 .6 3
42
64
59
113
71
2.75
2 .4 2
2. 90
2 .5 2
5 .2 6
61
63
228
142
_
155
141
167
110
409
335
344
338
252
2.69
2. 47
3.01
2. 30
5 .46
2. 76
2.71
83
18
13
17
16
20
13
149
37
151
2.48
2. 68
2.47
2.61
2.80
2. 60
2.41
2 .5 4
2. 35
2.51
60
141
39
229
2.83
2. 42
3. 14
2.32
_
2.51
2.46
_
2 . 43
2. 36
2.53
2. 29
2.4 4
_
2.40
2.40
2. 33
2.53
342
40
197
88
10
7
95
748
127
467
2? 42
2.51
2.54
2.20
2.67
2.52
2. 39
2.41
2.41
2.62
108
204
111
145
982
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
56
487
88
130
1.549
2. 24
2. 27
2.31
2. 35
2. 13
25
2. 12
142
2. 32
15
2. 30
55
397
2. 30
2. 34
362
62
79
1,417
2?23
2. 30
2.22
2. 11
139
489
416
179
346
83
683
361
322
Continuous bleach range
Double - a n d -roll-m a ch in e
D yeing-m achine ten ders, c lo t h 3 —
Jig
Pad
D yeing-m achine tenders, yarn _
E lectricia n s
F irem en , stationary b o ile r
In sp ectors, cloth , m achine ______
J an itors, p o r te r s , and c le a n e r s __
L a b o r e rs , m a teria l h a n d lin g _____
_
_
_
2 .6 4
2.7 9
_
2. 79
_
166
1,495
639
772
3 .32
3.26
3.21
3 .3 2
2. 65
_
3 .2 4
2.63
2. 95
2.68
2. 37
2. 60
2. 67
3.08
27
243
20
646
214
75
80
285
187
19
3. 12
3. 19
3.78
3. 16
3 .8 2
2 .89
2.65
2 .6 2
3. 10
4. 17
69
2. 92
18
35
83
36
3 .0 4
2. 58
5 .4 9
2. 90
156
11
133
346
162
259
64
184
164
59
18
74
67
53
9
454
72
383
3.6 4
2. 84
4. 05
2. 92
6.1 1
3 .2 4
4. 13
2.86
3.4 9
3. 22
3. 10
3. 10
3.25
3.05
3.08
3. 15
3.37
3. 25
M aintenance m en, general
Autom atic flat s c r e e n
Hand
S an forizer op era to rs -
_
Shipping and rece iv in g c le r k s ------T e n te r -fr a m e t e n d e r s .................. ....
_
_
_
„
_
_
_
_
86
_
_
2.53
_
15
6
10
2.67
2. 43
2. 90
9
184
22
31
2.5 3
2 .72
2.55
2 .7 4
_
24
2. 16
116
12
42
-
2 .4 4
2.5 8
2.57
-
11
13
392
2. 45
2.65
2 .26
_
_
43
18
_
17
14
28
40
_
_
36
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
73
_
15
2? 61
2.49
2 . 35
2. 74
2.37
_
2.60
_
_
2. 32
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
2. 40
2.66
114
24
68
62
15
_
$2.4 8
2.62
2. 29
2. 32
2.46
2.49
2.50
2.47
2. 54
W om en
In sp ectors, cloth, m achine _______
Sew ing-m achine o p e ra to rs
1
2
3
22
33
15
36
28
_
_
193
_
_
2 .1 8
E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown separately.
Includes data fo r w ork ers in cla ssifica tion s in addition to those shown separately.
NOTE:
D a s h e s in d ic a t e n o da ta r e p o r t e d o r da ta that d o n ot m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r it e r ia .
_
_
14
-
_
_
2. 15
-
_
_
T a b le 11. O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s: B y s iz e of e s ta b lis h m e n t
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x t ile d y e in g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y s i z e o f e st a b lis h m e n t , U n ited S tates and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s ,
D e c e m b e r 1970)
S ou th ea st
M id d le A tla n tic
New E ng lan d
U nited States
Establishm ents having—
Sex and occupation
20- 249
w orl cers
Average
Number
hourly
of
w ork ers earnings
250 w orkers
o r m ore
Average
Number
hourly
of
w orkers earnings
20-249
w ork ers
Average
Number
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
250 w ork ers
o r m ore
Average
Numbe r
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
20-249
w ork ers
A verage
Number
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
250 w ork ers
o r m ore
A verage
Number
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
20-249
w ork ers
Number
Average
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
250 w ork ers
o r m ore
Number
Average
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
Men
A g er o p e r a t o r s ------------------------------B ack tenders, printing —-------------B o ilo ff m a ch in e-o p e ra to r
--------C alender tenders
C lo t h -m e r c e r iz e r o p e r a t o r s -------C olor m i x e r s _________ ____________
Dye house -------------------------------Print shop
Continuous bleach range
o p e r a t o r s ---------------------- -------- ----D ouble-and roll-m a ch in e
o p e r a t o r s --------------------- ------- ------D ry-can s o p e r a t o r s ----------. . . — —----D yeing-m achine tenders, c lo t h 3 —
B eck or box
J i g ---------------------------------------------Pad
D yeing-m achine tenders, y a r n -----E lectricia n s ---------- ---- ------------. . . . . .
F inishing-range o p e ra to rs — ------F irem en , stationary b o i l e r ----------In sp ectors, cloth, m achine —
Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs —
L a b o r e rs , m a teria l h a n d lin g ---- —
Layout m en, grey g o o d s ------------ —
M achinists, m a in te n a n c e -----— ——
M aintenance m en, general
utility ------— ----------- . . . . . . -------- ——
Mangle tenders —-------- . . . ------ — ----M echanics, m aintenance
P a ck e rs , s h ip p in g -------------------------P rin te rs , m a c h in e -------- ----------------P rin ters, s c r e e n 3 -------------------------Autom atic flat sc r e e n
P rintin g-m achine h elp ers ------------R eceivin g cle rk s . — ----------------------Sew ing-m achine o p e ra to rs -----------Shipping c lerk s . . . . . . ---- ------- ---- ------Shipping and r ece iv in g c l e r k s ------Singer o p e r a t o r s -------------------------—
T en ter-fra m e tenders
W asher tenders
W inders, cloth —--------- . . . ------------- —
W inders, y a r n --------------------------------
_
_
_
$2.67
2.80
2. 42
2.55
2. 55
2. 52
2. 58
2.49
2.69
11
116
74
38
87
_
138
77
61
$2. 51
2.62
2.70
2. 64
2. 58
.
2.63
2.68
2. 58
25
96
34
42
55
20
71
25
46
$ 2 .5 2
2.63
2.46
2 .73
2 .63
2 .62
2. 78
2. 87
2 .7 3
61
176
291
101
168
7
307
157
150
$3. 13
3. 35
3. 19
3. 22
3. 24
2 .73
3.41
3.52
3. 30
397
2. 50
25
2.61
20
2. 71
27
2 .6 4
-
123
223
1,500
615
249
109
363
238
880
213
502
524
1,199
258
98
2.51
2.50
2. 53
2. 47
2.64
2.56
2.55
3. 23
2.56
2.82
2. 48
2.05
2. 23
2. 47
3. 28
_
115
527
_
312
73
_
17
364
48
165
34
167
88
41
_
2.60
2.64
_
2. 70
2.69
_
3. 23
2. 55
3.02
2. 72
2. 46
2 .5 2
2. 55
3. 00
.
34
225
94
86
18
.
25
79
38
19
22
234
51
18
_
2.61
2.80
2 .7 4
2. 87
2.7 4
_
3. 35
2.65
3. 15
2.5 2
2. 33
2.4 9
2.75
3. 31
.
171
1,573
677
782
45
246
16
604
218
106
86
201
210
21
3. 30
3. 22
3. 16
3. 30
2. 92
3. 17
3.61
3.0 9
3.70
2. 64
2 .7 4
2.70
3.00
3.87
_
_
_
_
7
85
14
2. 95
2. 46
3. 33
2.67
5.51
3.03
2. 94
2.88
2.93
2.70
2.64
3.05
2.83
2.48
2.74
2. 97
2. 96
2. 28
218
193
591
512
623
360
197
606
53
274
92
19
11
160
794
207
777
294
2. 99
2. 47
3. 14
2. 42
5.61
2. 82
2.79
2.58
2. 57
2.55
2. 34
2.74
2. 60
2. 42
2.52
2. 46
2.66
2. 27
60
_
49
105
66
56
_
77
19
13
17
23
19
11
196
31
119
2 .62
_
2.89
2 .49
5. 36
3. 33
_
2.55
2.67
2.45
2 .62
2.81
2.58
2. 32
2.57
2. 33
2. 54
51
31
28
43
88
_
.
92
_
15
6
11
137
28
_
3. 14
2 .52
3.00
2. 65
5.41
_
_
2. 47
_
2.69
2.41
3. 33
2.76
4. 05
2. 91
5 .85
3.25
3.45
3. 18
3. 20
3.01
3. 08
3.23
3. 05
3. 04
3 .0 4
3. 33
3. 20
27
_
16
2.60
2 .7 4
2 .53
_
169
15
121
300
142
294
153
109
59
21
76
68
53
10
509
64
345
2. 13
2. 19
2.05
2. 16
2.06
122
510
95
172
1, 305
2. 26
2. 33
2.41
2. 47
2. 31
25
45
14
_
2.0 3
2. 26
2. 10
_
_
88
13
64
"
_
2.51
2. 78
2 .6 3
"
17
_
25
22
290
2. 28
.
2. 28
2 .5 9
2. 17
_
_
_
-
72
336
385
210
293
15
633
376
257
$ 3 .0 3
2. 97
3. 04
2.79
2. 90
2.58
2. 94
2.89
3.02
165
623
172
173
303
200
1, 017
554
463
106
2. 42
61
402
2,483
910
1, 257
150
450
62
1, 151
309
404
185
503
346
86
2 .44
2.82
2. 94
2. 92
3.03
2.65
2. 81
3. 34
2.79
3. 40
2.56
2. 42
2. 49
2.77
3. 13
380
72
266
540
230
648
387
204
93
40
158
101
85
53
1, 005
101
514
377
42
180
104
103
1, 226
-
-
68
_
40
-
11
_
7
_
.
_
-
-
-
_
_
.
59
34
$2. 24
2. 12
-
_
$3. 39
_
3. 43
-
2. 15
9
303
89
32
152
26
157
39
123
49
89
25
22
2. 13
2. 20
2. 18
2. 37
3. 13
2. 22
2. 31
2. 29
1.99
2. 04
2. 14
2.6 2
4. 00
.
3. 78
_
118
_
94
92
2.67
2.65
2. 19
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
2. 37
2. 31
2 .6 2
_
_
_
3. 98
3. 34
4 .0 2
2 .89
4.01
_
.
_
-
167
136
31
.
_
-
214
214
-
15
6
65
10
250
-
-
-
2.55
2.55
-
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
18
19
13
39
30
-
48
2.25
_
_
-
-
106
464
119
119
223
179
741
364
377
$2. 49
2.74
2. 29
2 .44
2.49
2.51
2.57
2.55
2.60
364
2.49
120
187
1, 240
513
153
84
244
202
716
158
469
480
806
199
72
2.51
2. 48
2. 46
2.41
2.49
2. 49
2.5 4
3. 20
2.46
2. 63
2. 46
2. 02
2. 11
2. 37
3. 21
110
162
543
385
498
279
179
438
49
259
85
15
10
147
639
166
648
294
2. 78
2. 46
3. 13
2. 34
5. 52
2.78
2.69
2. 42
2.53
2. 54
2. 32
2. 63
2. 56
2. 41
2. 45
2. 39
2.62
2. 27
_
422
78
104
1,013
_
2. 29
2. 34
2. 36
2. 27
W omen
In spectors, cloth, hand __________
Inspectors, cloth, m a ch in e --------—
Sew ing-m achine o p era tors
W inders, c l o t h ------------- -------- -------W inders, y a r n -------- -------- --------- —
1
2
3
“
“
E xcludes prem ium pay fo r o vertim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately.
Includes data fo r w ork ers in cla ssifica tio n s in addition to those shown separately.
NOTE:
D a s h e s in d ic a t e no d a ta r e p o r t e d o r data that d o n ot m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a .
_
_
.
.
-
-
T a b le 12. O c c u p a tio n a l earn ing s: B y la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t c o n tra c t c o v e ra g e an d s iz e o f co m m u n ity
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in t e x t ile d y e in g and fin is h in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts b y la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e and s i z e o f
co m m u n it y , U n ited S ta tes and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
United States 2
Sex, occupation, and
s ize o f com m unity
New England
M iddle Atlantic
Southeast
Establishm ents with—
M ajority
covered
Number
A verage
of
hourly
w orkers earnings
None o r
m inority co v e re d
Number
A verage
of
hourly
w orkers earnings
M ajority
co vered
Number
A verage
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
None o r
m in ority covered
Number
A verage
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
M ajority
covered
Num ber
A verage
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
None o r
m in ority covered
Number
A verage
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
M ajority
covered
Number
A verage
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
None or
m inority covered
Number
A verage
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
Men
<0
Ager operators--------------------------------Nonmetropolitan area s---------------Back tenders, printing-------------------Nonmetropolitan area s---------------Batchers------- ---- ----------------—-----------—
Metropolitan area s---------------------Nonmetropolitan area s---------------Boiloff machine-operator
-----------Metropolitan area s---------------------Nonmetropolitan a rea s---------------Calender tenders----------------------------Metropolitan area s---------------------Nonmetropolitan area s--------—----Cloth-mercerizer operators----------Metropolitan areas —------ — —— Nonmetropolitan area s---------------Color m ixers-------'----------------------------Metropolitan area s---- -----——
Nonmetropolitan area s----------Dye house----------------------------—----Metropolitan a rea s----------------Nonmetropolitan area s----------Print shop —--------------------------------Metropolitan area s----------------Nonmetropolitan area s----------Continuous bleach range operators—
Metropolitan area s---------------------Nonmetropolitan area s--------------Dyeing-machine tenders, cloth3 ---Metropolitan areas —-------- -----Nonmetropolitan a rea s----------Beck or box — ■— .............. ....... .......
Metropolitan areas —-------------Nonmetropolitan a re a s----------....... ....... .......... .....
Jug — ------ ■■
Metropolitan a rea s----------------Nonmetropolitan a re a s---------Pad-----------------------------------------------Metropolitan areas — — ——---Nonmetropolitan areas —------Dyeing-machine tenders, yarn-------Metropolitan area s---------------------Electricians-------------------------------------Metropolitan area s-------------- —---Nonmetropolitan area s--------------Finishing-range operators-------------Metropolitan area s---------------------Nonmetropolitan areas --------------Firemen, stationary boiler------------Metropolitan area s------- —-----------Nonmetropolitan a rea s-----------—
Inspectors, cloth, machine------------Metropolitan area s-------------- ——
Nonmetropolitan areas --------------S ee fo o t n o t e s a t end o f ta ble.
161
53
662
310
424
352
72
176
126
50
382
274
114
81
41
40
678
456
225
317
225
95
361
231
130
112
53
59
2,555
1,950
632
968
686
282
1,183
1,027
180
165
100
68
163
163
121
54
67
994
733
261
306
237
69
337
193
144
$2 . 90
2.52
2. 88
2. 60
3.00
3 .08
2.59
2.98
3.13
2. 60
2 .87
3 .00
2. 59
2.57
2 .56
2. 58
3 .0 4
3. 25
2.63
3.13
3. 33
2.68
2. 96
3 .1 7
2.60
2. 65
2.64
2. 66
2.94
3 .07
2. 57
2. 86
3 .0 4
2.42
3.09
3 .1 6
2.71
2. 70
2. 80
2. 58
3 .27
3 .27
3.40
3.50
3.32
2.92
3.05
2. 54
3.53
3.73
2. 82
2. 68
2. 78
2. 54
46
46
160
160
133
64
69
207
53
154
208
72
136
134
42
92
975
227
748
615
136
479
360
91
269
391
86
305
1,403
561
842
557
267
290
300
158
142
92
37
55
548
240
179
68
111
1,037
450
587
216
80
136
569
87
482
$ 2 .5 1
2.51
2. 63
2. 63
2 .3 7
2.31
2.4 2
2.43
2.51
2.40
2.43
2 .45
2.42
2. 50
2. 60
2.4 5
2.49
2.72
2.42
2.4 0
2 .5 7
2.35
2. 65
2.9 3
2.55
2.43
2. 39
2.4 5
2.49
2. 58
2.42
2. 54
2.68
2. 40
2. 44
2.49
2 .39
2.44
2. 30
2.53
2 .5 6
2.72
3 .1 6
3 .32
3 .0 6
2 .47
2. 54
2.42
2. 65
2 .9 4
2 .48
2.42
2.41
2 .4 2
17
-
187
67
102
63
39
31
31
-
130
83
47
18
18
-
156
95
61
82
59
23
74
36
38
26
26
_
656
420
236
.
.
_
355
236
119
88
68
20
.
-
30
15
15
286
185
101
64
38
26
164
124
40
$2. 42
-
2.63
2.71
2. 64
2. 70
2. 55
2.71
2.71
-
2. 62
2.58
2. 69
2.59
2. 59
-
2.71
2. 65
2. 80
2. 78
2. 73'
2. 90
2. 63
2. 53
2. 73
2.6 2
2. 62
.
2. 73
2 .68
2. 82
.
.
2. 76
2.74
2.82
2. 72
2 .72
2.7 2
.
-
3.20
3.15
3.25
2. 68
2.69
2. 66
3 .07
3 .15
2.95
2.71
2 .74
2.61
.
_
.
.
.
.
-
24
24
-
.
.
_
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2. 55
2. 55
.
.
_
•
•
.
.
_
.
•
_
•
2 .42
2.4 2
„
.
.
9
2. 39
9
2. 39
.
•
2
.
•
-
8
8
-
97
97
-
10
-
10
$ 3 . 22
•
_
3 .45
_
3 .2 8
3. 28
_
_
_
80
80
_
171
169
8
.
.
_
.
_
_
•
.
.
3. 74
3.7 4
.
2. 25
2. 25
.
2.95
_
2 .9 5
-
_
.
•
■
350
338
15
164
159
8
179
179
3.4 5
3 .4 8
2. 80
3 .5 5
3 .5 9
2. 79
3 .38
3 .38
.
_
11
11
3.11
3.11
1,367
1,337
57
535
535
3 .2 7
3.3 0
2 .6 8
3 .2 2
3 .2 2
696
720
3 .3 6
3 .3 6
22
25
3.1 3
3 .1 6
.
•
•
18
18
•
531
512
19
189
180
9
45
45
“
_
_
-
3. 83
3 .8 3
.
3 .20
3.2 2
2. 56
3 .9 0
3 .9 5
2.9 5
3 .1 5
3.1 5
“
..
$ 2 .4 6
2 .4 6
_
_
3 .4 4
3 .44
3. 27
3. 30
2. 53
36
36
_
•
6
$ 2 .3 7
•
6
2 .3 7
10
10
3. 28
3. 28
10
10
3 .2 8
3.2 8
_
_
_
$2. 55
2. 55
18
18
79
79
94
223
«.
261
261
_
_
_
_
«.
_
28
15
13
77
22
55
32
2. 40
2. 35
2.4 6
2.4 6
2. 29
2.52
2.55
32
158
21
137
60
2.55
2. 53
2. 35
2 .5 6
2. 61
60
2.61
39
2.63
39
333
2. 63
2.37
333
2.3 7
•
.
•
_
158
158
_
2.98
2. 98
.
_
_
_
_
_
96
96
_
_
134
134
2.91
2.91
34
34
3.15
3.15
30
30
2.50
2. 50
•
“
„
„
44
2. 52
44
2.52
68
21
47
129
3 .33
3.48
3 .27
2 .45
129
53
19
34
119
24
95
2.45
2. 75
2.88
2. 68
2.47
2. 30
2 .52
2.93
2. 93
_
_
_
_
.
36
36
135
135
95
45
50
150
50
100
180
54
126
130
41
89
754
184
570
438
106
332
316
78
238
355
72
283
1,077
307
770
280
$ 2 .4 9
2.49
2. 64
2. 64
2. 30
2. 29
2.30
2.37
2.52
2. 30
2. 44
2.45
2.43
2.51
2. 60
2.46
2.53
2. 69
2.48
2.4 6
2.51
2.44
2.64
2.93
2. 54
2.44
2.37
2.46
2.42
2.41
2.42
2.41
280
176
67
109
66
30
36
294
88
160
54
106
718
219
499
144
31
113
429
2.41
2.35
2.31
2.37
2.35
2. 23
2.45
2.4 6
2. 65
3.13
3. 28
3 .0 6
2.41
2.44
2.40
2.49
2.59
2.47
2.41
429
2.41
T a b le 12. O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s: B y la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t c o n tra c t c o v e r a g e an d s iz e o f c o m m u n ity — C o n tin u e d
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o£ w o - k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in t e x t ile d y e in g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e and s i z e o f
co m m u n it y , U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
S ou th ea st
M id d le A tla n t ic
N ew E ngland
U n ited S tates
Establishments with—
Sex, occupation, and
s ize o f com m unity
M ajority
co ve re d
A verage
Num ber
hourly
of
w ork ers earnings
None or
m inority covered
Average
Number
hourly
of
w ork ers earnings
M ajority
covered
A verage
Number
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
frone o r
m in ority co v e re d
Number
A v era ge
hourly
of
w ork ers earnings
M ajority
covered
A v era ge
Num ber
hourly
of
w ork ers earnings
None or
m in ority covered
A verage
Number
hourly
of
w ork ers earnings
M ajority
covered
Number
A vera ge
hourly
of
w ork ers earnings
None or
m in ority covered
Number
A verage
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
Men— Continued
J a n itors, p o r te r s , and c le a n e r s -----M etropolitan a r e a s --------- -------- —
N onm etropolitan a r e a s ---------------L a b o r e rs , m a teria l handling----------M etropolitan a r e a s ---------------------N onm etropolitan areas*---------------Layout m en, g r e y g o o d s-----------------M etropolitan a r e a s ---------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ---------------M achinists, m aintenance----------------M etropolitan a r e a s ---------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ---------------M aintenance m en, gen eral utility —
M etropolitan a r e a s ------------- -------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ---------------M ech an ics, m aintenance-----------------M etropolitan a r e a s ---------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ---------------P a ck ers sh ip p in g ------------- ------------—
M etropolitan a r e a s ---------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ---------------P r in te r s , m a c h in e --------------------------N onm etropolitan areas --------------P r in te r s , s c r e e n ----------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s ---------------------N onm etropolitan a re a s — ---- ------P rin tin g-m ach in e h elp ers --------- ——
M etropolitan a r e a s ---------------------N onm etropolitan a reas -------- ------Sew ing-m achine o p e r a t o r s -------------M etropolitan a r e a s ---------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ------- — -—
T en te r-fra m e t e n d e r s ---------------------M etropolitan a r e a s ---------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ---------------W asher ten d ers--------------------------------M etropolitan are a s ---------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ---------------W inders, c lo t h --------------------------------M etropolitan a reas -------------- —---N onm etropolitan a r e a s ---------------Sew ing-m achine o p e r a t o r s -------------M etropolitan a r e a s ---------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ------— -----W inders, c l o t h --------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s ---------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------- ------W inders, y a r n ---------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s ---------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ----------------
215
126
89
736
436
300
356
246
110
87
53
34
278
172
106
326
219
110
532
414
127
541
301
378
378
492
278
214
112
91
21
886
583
315
179
101
78
615
527
94
70
28
42
113
48
65
290
290
"
$ 2 .4 4
2.63
2.18
2.53
2. 58
2.4 6
2. 85
2.98
2.57
3 .3 6
3.47
3.20
3. 28
3.4 6
3.00
3.3 8
3.55
3.07
2.7 7
2 .88
2.47
5 .5 7
5 .3 8
3.18
3 .1 8
2.82
3.03
2. 55
2.83
2 .96
2.22
2 .86
3.00
2. 60
2. 84
3.10
2.51
3.01
3. 04
2.86
2.46
2.44
2.48
2 .58
2.57
2. 58
2. 34
2. 34
*
494
196
298
966
371
595
248
111
137
97
53
44
321
100
221
529
208
321
511
223
288
165
165
515
157
358
319
84
235
138
62
76
902
196
706
129
49
80
670
251
419
129
83
46
162
97
65
1,941
692
1,249
$ 2 .0 2
2.09
1.98
2.13
2.13
2.12
2. 34
2.43
2.27
3.08
3.19
2.95
2. 68
2.97
2.55
3.08
3.22
2.99
2.30
2.33
2.27
5.51
5.51
2.75
2.75
2.75
2.40
2.57
2.34
2.29
2.36
2.23
2.42
2.51
2.40
2.33
2. 30
2.35
2.57
2.55
2. 58
2. 09
2.05
2.16
2. 20
2. 25
2.12
2.14
2. 25
2.07
40
27
13
296
127
169
113
64
49
41
26
15
59
26
33
76
58
18
80
59
21
137
66
137
67
70
17
17
270
111
159
44
27
17
143
129
14
9
9
“
$ 2 .4 5
2.48
2.39
2.59
2. 56
2.61
2. 70
2. 69
2.71
3. 04
3.03
3 .0 7
3 .0 4
2.72
3. 29
2.93
2 .9 0
3 .0 4
2 .7 6
2. 77
2. 73
5 .4 0
5 .55
2 .50
2.44
2 .5 6
2.61
2.61
2. 68
2. 62
2.73
2 .4 8
2 .4 4
2. 54
2 .62
2 .5 6
3 .1 6
2 .4 7
2.4 7
“
1 Exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
3 Includes data for other types of machines in addition to those shown separately.
NOTE:
D a s h e s in d ic a t e n o da ta r e p o r t e d o r data that d o n ot m e e t p u b lica tio n c r it e r ia .
105
81
24
22
22
16
16
52
16
36
•
68
54
14
25
25
22
22
$ 2 . 28
2. 20
2. 54
2. 29
2. 29
3.21
3.21
2. 66
2. 80
2. 59
2 .2 7
2 .25
2 .3 7
2. 64
2. 64
2. 24
2 .2 4
.
"
68
61
7
240
230
10
184
167
17
19
19
138
127
11
111
114
314
312
11
162
245
245
164
164
•
64
64
445
413
44
72
72
370
361
15
11
11
13
13
206
206
“
$ 2 .9 3
2 .9 6
2. 66
2. 71
2.71
2. 72
3. 09
3 .1 4
2. 60
4 .1 7
4 .1 7
3 .6 4
3. 70
2. 89
4.1 1
4.11
2. 94
2 .9 7
2 .53
6.11
3 .2 4
3. 24
3 .49
3 .49
3 .1 8
3 .1 8
3.11
3 .1 8
2. 55
3 .3 7
3 .3 7
3 .2 5
3 .2 8
2. 66
2.4 5
2. 45
2.6 5
2. 65
2 .4 2
2. 42
29
19
10
55
55
20
20
58
29
29
19
19
59
34
25
22
22
•
186
186
**
$ 2 .3 8
2.51
2 .13
2. 25
2. 25
2. 72
2. 72
2 .92
3 .3 5
2.49
3 .7 2
3 .7 2
2. 38
2. 50
2 .23
2. 75
2. 75
2.0 8
2 .0 8
•
65
65
160
39
121
43
13
30
24
8
16
132
44
88
87
87
100
100
53
53
65
65
*
$2 . 10
2 .10
2. 22
2.19
2. 23
2 .38
2.32
2. 40
3. 22
3 .2 2
3 .2 2
3 .0 6
3 .0 0
3 .09
2 .40
2. 40
2 .4 6
2 .4 6
2.51
2.51
2.8 4
2 .84
•
428
163
265
735
210
525
181
66
115
70
36
34
170
55
115
505
184
321
379
131
248
148
148
445
111
334
287
68
219
124
52
72
765
117
648
111
37
74
596
194
402
37
37
107
47
60
1,514
397
1,117
$ 1 .9 8
2 .02
1.97
2.08
2. 04
2 .10
2. 34
2.37
2.32
3 .02
3.18
2. 85
2. 65
2.82
2 .5 6
3 .0 5
3 .17
2.99
2. 29
2.32
2 .2 7
5.53
5 .53
2. 68
2 .4 6
2. 75
2.39
2. 55
2.33
2. 25
2.31
2.21
2.41
2.42
2. 40
2. 34
2. 34
2. 34
2.57
2.5 6
2 .5 8
2.21
2. 21
2.21
2. 34
2.11
2.12
2. 34
2. 04
T a b le 13. O c c u p a t io n a l earn ing s: B y la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t c o n tra c t c o v e r a g e an d s iz e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t
(N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f m en in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x t ile d y e in g an d fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e b y s iz e o f e sta b lis h m e n t.
U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
N ew E ng lan d
U nited S tates
M id d le A tla n tic
S outheast
Establishments with—
Occupation and size
of establishment
Back tenders, printing:
20—249 workers----------------------250 workers or m o re------- ----Batchers:
20—249 workers----------------------250 workers or m o r e ----------Boiloff machine-operators:
20-249 workers----------------------250 workers or m o re------------Calender tenders:
20—249 workers----------------------250 workers or more —-------- Color m ixers:
20—249 workers --------------------250 workers or m ore-------- —
Dry-cans operators:
20-249 workers ---------------------250 workers or m o re ------------Dyeing-machine tenders, cloth:3
20—249 workers ---------------------250 workers or more — --------Jig:
20-249 workers ----------------250 workers or m o re -------Finishing-range operators:
20—249 workers --------------------250 workers or more —-------- Firemen, stationary boiler:
20-249 workers ---------------------250 workers or more — —-----Inspectors, cloth, machine:
20—249 workers----------------------250 workers or more —-------—
Laborers, material handling:
20—249 workers ---------------------250 workers or more -------- -—
layout men, grey goods:
20—249 w ork ers---------------------250 workers or more-------------Maintenance men, general
utility:
20—249 w orkers---------------------250 workers or more — --------Mechanics, maintenance:
20—249 workers----------------------250 workers or more -----------Printers, machine:
20—249 workers----------------------250 workers or m o re ----------- Printers, screen:
20—249 workers ---------------------250 workers or more — — -—
Tenter-frame tenders:
20—249 workers ---------------------250 workers or m o re ------------Washer tenders:
20—249 workers ---------------------250 workers or more —---------Winders, cloth:
20—249 workers ---------------------250 workers or more — ---------
Majority
covered
Number Average
of
hourly
workers ear nines
None or minority
covered
Number Average
hourly
of
workers earnings
Majority
covered
Number Average
hourly
of
workers earnings
366
326
$ 2 .9 7
2. 78
297
$ 2 .8 3
116
71
$ 2 .6 2
2. 66
345
79
3. 14
2. 40
40
93
2.21
2. 43
74
28
2.70
2.49
128
48
3. 09
2. 69
82
125
2. 33
2. 50
31
-
2.71
-
244
144
3. 05
2.60
49
159
2. 20
2. 50
76
54
420
259
3. 18
2.82
213
758
2. 47
2.50
322
95
2. 99
2.55
80
128
2, 004
576
3.05
2.61
479
924
NOTE:
Majority
covered
Number Average
hourly
of
workers earnings
-
-
176
-
$ 3 .2 5
-
_
_
271
3. 26
-
-
_
None or minority
covered
Number Average
of
hourly
workers earnings
Majority
covered
Number Average
hourly
of
workers earnings
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
75
2. 34
$2. 42
57
93
2. 25
2. 45
2.46
32
148
2. 12
2.51
155
595
2. 37
2. 58
3. 35
-
_
_
-
-
2. 62
2. 63
-
162
-
3. 27
-
6
-
$2. 37
-
111
45
2. 66
2. 84
27
-
$2. 55
-
2.85
68
3. 46
3. 39
22
2.80
-
2. 15
2. 46
94
34
2. 67
2.61
21
-
2. 26
-
164
-
3. 33
-
2. 51
2.48
458
198
2. 68
2.85
69
-
2. 38
-
1, 376
-
3. 27
-
_
26
_
75
_
146
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
197
2. 89
-
_
360
_
3. 15
2.72
207
93
2. 41
2. 50
270
85
2.73
2. 87
42
-
2. 47
-
722
-
3.35
-
60
-
2.71
-
66
705
289
2.98
2.76
446
591
2.49
2. 46
227
59
2. 68
2. 67
137
20
2. 34
2. 60
446
85
3. 17
3. 34
158
-
2.87
-
145
220
86
3.71
3. 07
89
127
2.65
2.65
37
27
2. 98
3.18
11
175
14
3. 89
4.02
43
-
2.92
-
45
226
111
2.69
2. 66
178
391
2. 40
2. 43
154
-
2.70
-
_
_
-
-
40
-
3.01
-
66
-
2.41
-
89
328
408
2. 66
2. 43
175
791
2. 15
2. 12
146
150
2. 55
2.62
21
84
2. 33
2. 27
142
-
2.87
-
59
-
2. 29
-
160
272
84
2.91
2.67
74
174
2. 28
2. 37
73
40
2.60
2. 88
15
"
2. 26
“
179
“
3. 09
“
31
“
2.48
-
39
177
100
3. 28
3.31
203
118
2. 66
2.72
26
33
2.81
3.21
34
18
2.47
3. 01
111
27
3. 55
4. 00
58
-
2.92
-
-
153
175
3.70
3. 11
113
416
2.83
3. 15
49
27
2. 89
3. 00
19
-
3. 72
-
132
230
311
5. 51
5.62
312
5.61
66
71
5.36
5. 44
364
129
3. 27
2.86
284
231
2.71
2.80
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
663
234
2.92
2.70
342
560
2.39
2. 45
152
118
2. 62
2. 77
_
_
-
-
90
89
3.08
2.61
118
2.36
21
23
2. 45
2. 51
-
3. 07
2. 89
84
586
2. 40
2. 59
95
-
2.61
-
24
“
430
191
1
_
_
_
D a s h e s in d ic a t e no data r e p o r t e d o r data that d o n ot m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a .
_
_
-
102
16
4. 11
3. 78
_
-
_
-
-
142
-
5.85
-
277
-
3. 26
-
439
-
3. 11
-
70
-
63
-
3. 35
-
-
323
-
3. 23
-
_
2. 25
-
_
2. 55
_
1, 050
156
_
$ 2 .8 5
-
_
83
-
3. 06
272
-
_
-
_
None or minority
covered
Number Average
hourly
of
workers
earnings
-
-
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
3 Includes data for other types of machines in addition to those shown separately.
None or minority
covered
Number Average
hourly
of
workers earnings
_
_
_
_
_
_
2.44
_
2.49
_
2.45
_
2. 70
_
2. 57
_
2. 22
_
2. 40
-
_
3. 06
_
_
_
_
126
2. 46
197
880
2. 17
2. 47
89
87
2. 20
2. 50
147
571
2.22
2. 46
31
113
2. 12
2:60
_
_
380
2.43
89
646
2. 04
2.09
21
160
2. 13
2. 36
100
70
2. 60
2.71
94
411
2.65
3. 15
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
295
5. 63
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
214
231
2. 55
2.80
224
541
2. 33
2. 44
111
2. 34
558
2. 59
_
22
-
2.61
-
_
2.51
55
2. 50
90
2. 76
_
-
2. 75
-
_
98
_
_
.
_
_
T a b le 14. O c c u p a t io n a l ea rn in g s: G e o r g ia
(N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in t e x tile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Sex, departm ent, and occupation
Number
of
w orkers
---All production w ork ers
— M e n ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------W om en—
— _
_
_
___
3,684
2, 784
900
Number of w ork ers receiving straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of—
Average
$1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00
hourly
and
earnings 1
and
under
$1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 over
$2.31
2. 35
2.21
25
1
24
49
27
22
139
97
42
401
308
93
480
394
86
391
232
159
590
406
184
478
331
147
334
273
61
249
223
26
174
155
19
101
91
10
63
59
4
48
43
5
13
9
4
_
_
_
_
_
_
3
_
11
11
3
6
6
.
_
_
_
.
_
_
-
_
.
3
3
2
_
-
6
4
1
l
4
.
-
4
.
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
5
5
2
6
6
_
6
_
6
6
1
1
10
9
.
6
4
14
9
-
-
-
-
-
28
28
16
7
20
9
17
3
_
_
1
_
_
17
33
.
18
_
_
_
.
.
54
51
3
21
19
2
18
12
6
_
_
-
-
-
6
4
2
3
2
1
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
.
2
_
_
_
_
47
47
-
S elected occupations— m en
G rey room
Layout m en, gre y goods 2 a /
— _
Sew ing - rr. ac h i n e ope r ato
3~ -------------------------------------Tim e
------ -
—
-----
------
----
22
10
23
17
2.
2.
2.
2.
18
35
33
26
29
23
13
9
37
31
2.29
2.29
2. 44
2. 26
2. 41
2. 39
59
47
37
12
63
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
8
60
48
13
2.41
2. 54
4. 93
2. 83
-
-
Bleaching
B oiloff m a ch in e-op era tors 2a / 4 _______ _____________
Cloth 2 a / ____ ______________—_____ _________________
G ln th -m e rce rize r op erators 2 a /
C lo t h -m e r c e r iz e r o p e r a to r 's , assistant 2 a / ------------Continuous bleach range o p e r a t o r s . __ ___. . .
T im e ------------— ------------- —
_
2
*
-
-
-
2
3
3
-
.
.
.
_
_
_
3
3
3
_
3
3
.
1
3
3
_
_
_
_
_
.
2
.
i
3
3
_
7
7
1
1
_
1
1
_
_
_
12
6
6
2
Dyeing
Dye ing-m ach ine tenders, c lo t h 4 --------------------------------T i m e _____ __ ___________________________ _______
------------ -------- — _
Continuous r a n g e 2 a /
Jig 2 a/ ____________________________ ___ _____________
40
36
46
39
63
1
Printing
A ger op erators 2 a /
____ ______ — __ _____ ___
Back tenders, printing (all t im e w o r k e r s )-------------- —
p r in te rs , m a r h i r w * ( a l l timeu/nrke r s )
Printin g-m achine h elpers 2 a / -------------------------------------
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
4
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
2
-
.
24
_
6
2
_
.
_
.
_
_
12
4
1
4
2
1
2
_
539
6
Finishing
C alen der
tpnH prs
_
.
.
.
Finishing-range o p erators f_a/ ----------------------------------Mangle te n d e r s 2 a /
—
— _ ------- _ __ ---------Tim e
---- ---- -------------— —
— .__ —
T en ter-fra m e t e n d e r s ------------------------------------------------Tim e
.
....
34
23
2. 22
38
2. 09
2. 13
2. 33
2. 43
2. 38
2. 43
2. 36
6
14
20
68
43
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
44
20
29
22
66
_
_
_
6
6
6
6
5
5
2
2
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
27
2
4
_
_
3
"
2
2
I
_
"
_
'
_
’
.
_
_
_
_
_
1
_
3
3
12
5
1
_
8
7
7
7
7
3
3
7
2
2
2
12
12
6
6
17
17
31
3
1
_
3
2
11
29
26
.
5
7
_
_
_
_
1
I
1
.
_
_
3
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
Inspecting and putting.up
D ouble- and r o ll-m a c hine op e ra to rs 2a / __ ___________
W inders, rlnth
.. ...
See fo o t n o t e s at en d o f ta b le .
. .. _ ..
36
62
47
34
29
_
2
-
7
-
6
6
6
2
-
8
5
6
5
4
3
9
.
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
T a b le 14. O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s: G e o r g ia — C o n tin u e d
(N um ber and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o cc u p a tio n s in te x tile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts , D e ce m b e r 1970)
S ex , d e p a r tm e n t, and o cc u p a tio n
of
w ork ers
N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f—
A v e ra g e
$1.60 $ 1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $3.2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $4.0 0
h o u r ly
and
e a rn in g s 1
and
under
$ 1.70 $ 1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $2.1 0 $2.2 0 $2.30 $ 2.40 $2.60 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3.4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3.8 0 $ 4 .0 0 o v e r
S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s — m en — C ontinued
P a c k in g and sh ipp in g
P a c k e r s , sh ipp in g 2 a /
R e c e iv in g c l e r k s 2 a /
__
-
__
—
__ _
39
$ 2 . 18
_
.
-
10
.
16
3
7
2 .6 3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
21
6
2 .9 9
2. 41
_
_
_
_
_
3
51
2. 57
2
5
4
3
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
2
7
2
1
2
j
l
_
_
_
M a in ten an ce
E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in t e n a n c e 2 a / ______ — —
__ _____
F ir e m e n , s ta tio n a r y b o i l e r ^ a /
__
__ ___
M a ch in is ts , m a in ten a n ce (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )
M a in ten an ce m e n , g e n e r a l u tility (a ll
t im e w o r k e r s )
____ ____
M e c h a n ic s , m a in ten a n ce - —
—
__ ____ ____
_ _ _ ----- .
----- ------- ... ------ T
49
39
1
1
12
3
3. 22
2. 94
.
_
-
2. 93
M i s c e lla n e o u s
.
_
\
1
_
3
_
t
3
9
1
6
4
4
8
1
1
14
14
2
2
4
7
1
25
25
3
4
4
2
125
60
11
3
7
6
5
3
32
21
20
12
3
18
1
1
1
11
6
2
2
“
1
21
16
*
*
|
__
____ _______
. _
C o lo r m ix e r s 1 a /
.
----------------------- r—— - ftr 1st a M p I b l fiM n u t f k u > < ) — ------- --—
Dye -carts o p e r a t o r s (a ll tim a w o rk e r a )
----- ... ..
J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s 2a /
— L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l handling
_ .
T im e
___
Washer te n d e r s 2 a / ------,-----------............. M-
126
2. 38
48
2. 51
78
2. 30
16
2. 27
1 .9 8
2. 02
37
147
124
25
_
_
3
1 14
! : 14
! .
6
13
10
2. 06
6
_
6
6
16
61
61
7
30
29
4
3
2
26
6
4
2
2. 20
30
4
4
14
i
2
S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s — w om en
G r e y ro o m
Sewing-m achine operators (a ll tim ew orkers) _______
13
1. 98
252
2. 34
4
5
-
3
4
In sp e ctin g and p u ttin g -u p
W in d e rs , y a r n 2 a /
1
2
3
4
5
-
.
-------------
_
-
-
4
14
5
8
7
3
2
4
1
E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y fo r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts .
In s u ffic ie n t data to w a r ra n t p r e s e n ta tio n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w age p a y m en t; (a) p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s , o r (b) p r e d o m in a n tly in ce n tiv e w o r k e r s .
W o r k e r s pa id und er tim e and in ce n tiv e s y s t e m s w e r e e q u a lly d iv id e d .
In clu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i fic a t i o n s in a d d ition to t h o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly .
W o r k e r s w e r e d is tr ib u te d as fo l lo w s :
4 at $ 4 to $ 4 . 2 0 ; 9 at $ 5 to $ 5 . 2 0 ; 14 at $ 5 . 20 to $ 5 . 4 0 ; and 12 at $ 5 .4 0 and o v e r .
2
3
-
-
-
T a b le 15. O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s: M a s s a c h u s e tt s
(Number and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w orkers in selected occupations in textile dyeing and finishing establishm ents, D ecem ber 1970)
Number of w ork ers receivin g straight -tim e hourly earnings of—
Num-
Sex, departm ent,
and occupation
W o m e n ----------------------------------
A v e rage
$1.90
hourly and
w o rk - e a rn under
er&
ings
$2.00
54
4, 471 $ 2 .6 1
2.65
13
3', 974
2. 28
41
497
$2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80
and
$2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 over
_
11
814
20
13
14
7 32
337
163
86
25
107
10
7
6
73
3
206
217 290
1
81
29
519 653
20
7
11
13
14
172 440 625 692
332
786
163
73
81
25
102
1
6
138
138
3
81
29
9
28
40
5
28
5
5
1
68
118
79
79
Selected occupations—
men
G rey room
Layout m en, gre y g o o d s -----------Tim e ___________________
Sew ing-m achine o p e r a t o r s --------
67
59
10
6
10
8
2. 60
2. 51
2 .66
2. 75
2. 28
2. 28
_
-
3
3
-
-
6
6
-
2
2
2
2
40
2. 68
-
4
-
19
2.46
21
2. 51
-
2
-
314
39
7
199
63
2. 67
2. 43
2. 50
2. 71
2.6 9
_
2
7
2
19
101
89
2. 41
2. 58
2. 55
78
93
66
5. 28
2. 44
2. 44
10
10
-
4
4
4
_
.
26
26
-
-
1
5
5
2
2
3
3
-
-
16
8
2
4
4
2
2
3
5
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
4
_
_
_
_
_
.
-
-
-
-
_
1
1
-
1
1
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
7
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
_
5
.
Bleaching
B oiloff-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs,
C lo th -m e rc e r iz e r op erators
Continuous bleach range
operators (all tim e w o r k e r s )__
-
3
3
2
7
3
4
5
17
5
1
10
1
26
24
21
5
1
10
5
28
3
2
15
2
199
4
15
15
15
_
49
42
16
12
8
16
16
11
30
30
9
13
13
41
39
8
15
15
12
21
21
9
9
3
15
15
6
6
24
24
16
16
4
4
16
-
34
34
9
9
10
10
1
1
5
5
4
4
75
75
36
36
10
_
2
-
-
-
8
Dyeing
D yeing-m achine tenders,
cloth (all tim ew ork ers) 3 --------P»/~lr nr Hr>v _
... . .
r rnnHniimis rangp . .
_
5
2
2
1
5
2
1
158
41
5
Printing
Afger operators (all tim e 54
54
26
20
6
P rin ters, m achine (all
P rintin g-m achine helpers
Trmp
-------
_
_
_
4 78
Finishing
Calender tenders (all tim e njrcrlrp. »•c ) . . . . . .
_
-------Tim e
Mangle tenders -------------------------Tim e — ............... ——. „-------Tirnf*.
T en ter-fram e t e n d e r s -------------T i m e ---------------------------------
85
2. 56
3
256 F inishing-range
2. 61
12o p e r a t o1r s
_
2. 61
253
12
1
_
60
2 .4 0
56
2. 39
1
2. 46
19
1
1
18
2. 43
_
2. 57
129
113
2. 53
-
_
_
.
_
_
.
4
4
8
8
2
2
39
118
118
19
16
3
3
3
3
_
33
33
.
_
_
4
6
20
20
51
51
_
_
.
.
Inspecting and putting-up
Inspecting, cloth, m achine-------Tim e
See fo o t n o t e s at en d o f ta b le .
88
76
163
150
2.
2.
2.
2.
80
61
56
51
_
-
_
-
_
7
7
_
_
_
3
3
_
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
3
3
_
_
_
2
_
_
1
_
2
5
1
_
2
2
6
1
_
6
5
_
_
T a b le 15. O c c u p a t io n a l earn ing s: M a s s a c h u s e t t s — C o n tin u e d
(Number and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w orkers in s elected occupations in textile dyeing and finishing establishm ents, D ecem ber 1970)
Sex, departm ent,
and occupation
Num A v e rNumber of w ork ers receivin g straight -tim e hourly earnings of—
ber
age
$1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80
of
hourly
and
and
Under
e is
ings 1
$2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 over
S elected occupations—
men-—C ontinue d
Packing and putting-up
6
6
95 $ 2. 56
2. 40
79
16
3. 35
14
2.97
13
2. 89
31
31
1
3
3
5
4
1
1
1
21
21
3
1
2
3
3
12
12
2
8
-
5
1
-
-
1
4
-
4
2
4
3
12
9
8
12
21
-
-
3
3
-
2
_
_
_
4
4
9
1
1
1
1
9
j
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
2
3
3
R eceiving c lerk s (all
Shipping and rece ivin g
cle r k s (all t im e w o r k e r s ) --------
1
11
2. 67
15
2. 53
-
-
"
5
-
-
4
21
3. 37
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
53
3. 18
M aintenance
E le ctricia n s (all tim e w o rk e rs)—
F irem en , stationary b o ile r
M ach in ists, m aintenance
(all t im e w o r k e r s )_____________
M aintenance m en, general
utility (all tim e w o r k e r s )--------M ech an ics, m aintenance
(all t im e w o r k e r s ) _____________
49
3. 12
59
2. 64
52
2.91
77
73
65
2. 60
2. 65
2. 62
37
36
28
2. 73
2. 56
2, 48
1
-
18
-
6
-
-
3
2
10
8
6
-
8
-
12
1
4
40
2
4
-
6
10
10
4
10
10
_
.
-
4
-
-
2
2
4
-
-
1
M iscella neous
B atchers (all t im e w o r k e r s )------<—
.nln - r a mi-vf»rs
_
.
_
.
_
2
2
3
16
_
_
4
18
18
7
21
21
_
4
4
3
15
15
8
13
13
4
47
4
_
_
Dye house (all
T im e ------------------------------D ye-cans op erators (all
tim ew ork ers)
__ — ___
Jan itors, p o r te r s , and
clea n ers (all t im e w o r k e r s )---L a b o r e rs , m aterial handling
(all tim e w o r k e r s )_____________
W asher tenders
_ _ __
Tim e ---------------- —
2
10
4
76
2. 62
_
1
_
_
_
12
15
18
27
2. 40
-
4
1
3
5
3
3
8
207
28
18
2. 44
2. 39
2. 43
_
26
4
25
6
14
4
31
6
6
63
8
8
5
16
13
2. 26
2. 08
2
2
13
18
2. 25
2. 11
1
10
19
10
4
11
47
Selected occupations—
women
G rey room
Sew ing-m achine o p e r a t o r s ____
T i m e ---------------------------------
6
6
5
5
Inspecting and putting-up
D ouble-and roll-m a ch in e
op erators 2b / ______
____ _
In sp ectors, cloth m achine f a / —
12
1 E xcludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts.
z Insufficient data to warrant presentation of separate averages by method of wage payment; (a) predom inantly tim ew orkers, or (b) predom inantly incentive w ork ers.
3 Includes data fo r w ork ers in cla ssification in addition to those shown separately.
4 W orkers w ere distributed as fo llo w s : 75 at $5.2 0 to $ 5 .4 0 ; 2 at $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 .6 0 ; and 1 at $ 5. 60 to $ 5. 80.
“
T a b le 16. O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s: M a s s a c h u s e t t s — co tto n b ro a d w o v e n f a b r ic s
(N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x t ile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Number o f w ork ers receivin g straight -tim e hourly earnings of—
A v e rage $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80
of
hourly
and
w o rk under
$2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 over
Num -
Sex, departm ent,
and occupation
A ll production w ork ers
M e n --------------------------
2, 514 $ 2 .6 5
2, 353
2.66
161
2.41
24
3
21
82
81
1
43
22
21
_
_
_
3
3
_
2
2
_
_
2
2
-
265
259
6
528
508
20
610
583
27
293
288
5
141
119
22
78
78
5
5
2
3
3
4
4
4
_
_
_
‘
1
.
3
1
.
8
2
-
-
3
11
2
-
-
7
3
2
5
3
2
1
2
1
_
2
_
_
2
16
1
10
5
28
2
15
2
_
1
4
15
15
-
36
-
6
49
42
16
4
16
16
88
59
29
53
53
54
49
5
23
23
87
83
4
13
13
8
8
20
20
_
_
_
_
_
1
_
6
6
„
7
7
10
10
12
12
6
6
3
3
1
1
59
59
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Selected occupations—
m en
G rey room
Layout men, g re y goods
T i m e ---------------------------Sew ing-m achine op era tors 2
Singer op era tors ____________
T i m e _____ ________ ____
26
18
8
10
8
2.61
2. 33
2 .75
2 .28
2 .28
17
2.66
19
2.46
-
3
19
2. 50
-
2
62
7
32
12
2. 51
2. 50
2. 52
2.44
_
_
19
63
2.41
2.56
58
85
58
5. 28
2 .43
2 .43
5
5
_
4
4
1
Bleaching
B oiloff-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs,
cloth 2 __________ _
C lo th -m e rc e r iz e r op erators
(all tim ew ork ers)
Continuous b leach range
op erators (all tim ew ork ers) -
4
Dyeing
D yeing-m achine tenders,
cloth (all tim ew o rk e rs) 3 -----Continuous r a n g e __—______
P a d _________________________
2
_
7
_
5
2
1
1
1
Printing
Ager op erators (all
tim ew ork ers) -— -------Back ten ders, printing 2
P rin ters , m achine (all
tim ew ork ers)
Printin g-m achine helpers _
T i m e -------------------------
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
.
-
12
6
4 58
Finishing
Calender tenders (all
tim ew ork ers) .
Finishing-range o p erators
(all t im e w o r k e r s ) ________
Mangle tenders (all
tim ew ork ers) -----------------San forizer op era to rs ---------T i m e -------------------------T en ter-fra m e tenders
Tim e -------------------
38
2. 39
110
2 .60
26
15
14
55
49
2.45
2. 52
2.48
2 .60
2. 53
57
45
86
81
2.92
2.63
2. 52
2.4 2
3
_
_
.
1
1
_
1
1
_
“
11
9
12
3
3
11
12
20
12
.
9
_
8
2
2
24
24
9
6
6
16
16
3
3
73
73
36
36
2
2
_
.
_
_
-
-
12
4
4
_
-
9
9
16
_
3
3
-
-
_
_
4
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
2
5
1
Inspecting and putting-up
In sp ectors, cloth , m achine —.
T i m e ----------------------------W inders, c l o t h --------------------T i m e ----------------------------See fo o t n o t e s at en d o f ta b le .
_
_
_
_
-
-
_
.
3
3
3
3
_
-
6
6
1
2
-
-
T a b le 1 6 . O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s: M a s s a c h u s e t t s — co tto n b r o a d w o v e n f a b r i c s — C o n tin u e d
(N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x tile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Number of w orkers receiving straight'-tim e hourly earnings of—
Num- A v e rSex, departm ent,
and occupation
$1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.20“ $4.40 $4.60 $4.80
hourly
of
and
w orkunder
ings 1
$2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $2.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 over
Selected occupations—
men— C ontinue d
Packing and shipping
P a ck e rs , sh ippin g.
T i m e -----------Incentive ----Shipping clerk s__—
T i m e ------------
35
19
16
12
11
$ 2 .9 0
2. 52
3. 35
2.97
2. 88
_
2
2
.
.
.
.
_
_
_
"
_
5
4
1
1
_
_
_
.
"
1
3
1
2
3
3
12
12
_
_
-
9
_
_
4
4
_
_
-
“
9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
x
-
1
-
M aintenance
E lectricia n s (all tim e w o rk e rs )_
F irem en , stationary b o ile r
(all tim ew ork ers)
M achinists, maintenance
(all tim ew ork ers)
M aintenance m en, general
utility (all tim e w o r k e r s )___
M ech an ics, maintenance
(all tim ew ork ers) — -------- —
15
3. 20
.
.
_
1
_
_
_
_
.
_
1
4
.
3
2
_
4
24
3. 16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
4
3
3
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
_
.
.
30
3. 17
1
8
-
-
18
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
.
.
-
3
3
-
2
-
-
51
2. 58
19
2.99
26
51
43
2. 42
2. 58
2. 53
15
36
28
2.61
2. 56
2.48
.
.
.
_
_
-
-
-
-
52
2. 54
-
1
-
14
2. 33
-
1
100
28
18
2.47
2. 39
2.43
_
3
10
2. 38
2
-
18
-
6
-
-
-
1
2
8
-
8
8
2
4
-
5
M iscellaneous
B atchers (all tim e w o rk e rs )_
C olor m ix ers ________ ___....
Tim e .
Dye house (all
tim ew orkers P rint shop ----Tim e .
D ye-can s op erators (all
tim ew ork ers)..
Jan itors, p o r te r s , and
clea n ers (all tim e w o rk e rs )—
L a b o r e rs , m aterial handling
(all tim ew ork ers) —---- —
.
W asher tenders ----- ---------------T i m e ------------------------------
4
16
16
7
21
21
_
4
_
4
4
1
15
15
8
13
13
_
4
_
4
_
-
-
-
12
15
18
6
1
3
4
2
3
_
_
_
l
27
6
6
63
8
8
-
5
_
_
-
-
2
2
_
-
15
_
-
2
1
14
4
_
5
Selected occupations— •
w om en
G rey room
Sew ing-m achine o p e ra to rs 2 .
1
2
3
4
E xcludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Insufficient data to warrant presentation of separate averages by method o f wage payment, predom inantly tim ew orkers.
Includes data fo r w ork ers in cla ssifica tio n in addition to those shown separately.
W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 55 at $5.2 0 to $ 5 .4 0 ; 2 at $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 .6 0 ; and 1 at $ 5 .6 0 to $ 5 .8 0 .
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
T a b le 17. O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s:
N ew Je rse y
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x tile dy ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Number o f w ork ers receivin g striaght-tim e hourly earnings of—
Sex, departm ent,
and occupation
ber
age
hourly
of
Under
w o rk e a rn $2 . 1 0
ings 1
e rs
, 330 $3 . 34
3.42
5,786
544
2. 50
6
W omen —
$2 . 1 0 $2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2 . 9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 $4.50
and
and
under
$2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2 . 9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 $4.50 over
35
35
147
7
140
131
126
5
142
132
10
-
6
10
1
4
-
-
_
-
_
-
4
2
2
103
17
26
181
168
13
301
66
86
_
-
2
4
~
2
92
196
105
33
33
45
45
"
86
86
129
61
-
68
2
-
197 2 , 882
169 2,858
24
28
367
365
465
463
2
2
10
60
22
3
3
*
18
-
31
18
12
231
231
-
62
62
"
-
-
78
78
-
65
65
-
70
70
"
188
188
-
56
56
18
18
-
31
31
-
195
195
-
“
-
-
■
-
-
“
■
-
8
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n
occupations----men
G rey room
114
40
7
Layout m en, g re y g o o d s -------- —
Sew ing-m achine o p e r a t o r s -------Singer op erators ------------------ -----
3. 24
3. 13
3. 26
_
_
-
-
-
5
1
6
2
-
Bleaching
B oiloff-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs,
73
3. 47
12
2. 91
12
Continuous bleach range
"
Dyeing
D yeing-m achine ten ders,
cloth 2
J i g -----------------------------------------Pa'l
D yeing-m achine ten d ers,
yarn -------- ---- — -----------------------
1, 029
340
618
19
167
34
38
34
12
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
3. 16
-
-
-
3.
3.
.
3!
.
_
_
3.
3.
3.
3.
12
12
12
4
_
-
-
35
-
6
6
12
4
_
_
_
_
_
884
291
577
9
48
45
3
12
4
4
4
-
12
-
8
26
7
-
16
7
-
60
12
4
"
15
_
.
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
58
4
9
167
-
10
Printing
A ger o p e r a t o r s -------------------------Printin g-m achine h e lp e r s -------—
67
171
110
120
6
37
53
74
57
.
-
-
1 110
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
_
-
92
-
-
.
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
18
.
-
-
28
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
.
-
Finishing
_
_
-
_
-
"
_
194
3. 32
3.26
2. 85
7 Q
7Q
7
3. 33
-
-
335
3. 23
-
-
Calender tenders
Finishing-range o p e r a t o r s -------
121
426
T en ter-fra m e tenders — -------—
-
4
2
2
8
-
10
_
_
_
_
_
32
10
-
-
15
-
-
113
347
-
-
-
-
-
-
"
-
154
14
18
8
8
35
-
-
-
-
18
221
5
30
1
2
Inspecting and putting-up
W inders, c l o t h --------------------------See footnotes at end o f table,
-
.
-
_
-
-
-
T a b le 17. O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s:
N e w J e r s e y — C o n tin u e d
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s * o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x t ile d y e in g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Number o f w ork ers re ceivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings <
ber
age
$2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 $4.50
hourly
of
Under and
w ork earn
and
$2.10 under
ers
ings*
$2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 $4.50 over
Sex, departm ent,
and occupation
S elected production
occupations— men— Continued
Packing and shipping
P a ck e rs , shipping ...------------- ---Shipping cle rk s ------------ ------— —
D orn itrin jt r l^ r lr e
206 $3. 05
47
3. 26
3. 35
29
_
_
10
179
9
3.83
3. 94
4. 28
_
_
78
91
3.87
3.98
238
236
133
103
135
3. 27
3. 55
3.58
3. 50
3. 31
33
168
68
3. 16
2.84
3. 37
5
215
2. 37
34
2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
50
_
3
_
9
1
_
_
_
_
_
10
_
5
5
6
3
2
_
_
25
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
6
_
115
12
10
11
4
3
2
_
_
_
_
_
5
3
4
_
2
_
2
4
6
4
_
_
_
_
_
11
I
4
_
8
.
.
_
_
_
_
1
_
_
4
102
4
2
21
2
_
2
_
_
32
25
2
3
2
19
3
9
_
_
_
_
Maintenance
F irem en , station ary b o i le r ------M aintenance m en, general
u t i l i t y -------------- -------- -------------M ech an ics, m aintenance
_
.
_
_
_
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
6
-
_
2
2
10
1
_
1
8
_
.
'
_
1
4
_
-
_
-
»
2
1
1
1
1
6
6
_
_
1
-
4
-
_
5
4
10
39
39
_
1
10
-
_
-
3
-
_
6
13
9
_
3
1
.
M iscella n eou s
30
_
3
_
10
4
2
2
62
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
I
194
32
16
16
102
14
18
43
39
27
_
_
_
10
Jan itors, p o r te r s , and
L a b o r e rs , m a teria l handling — _
1
4
26
2
_
_
_
_
14
2
12
_
S elected production
occupations— w om en
Inspecting and putting-up
W i"'loTRJ
yarn
...............
....
71
2
2
104
2
1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 Includes data fo r w ork ers in cla ssification s in addition to those shown separately.
3 W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 78 at $ 6 .3 0 to $ 6 .4 0 ; 12 at $ 6 .7 0 to $ 6 .8 0 ; 2 at $7 to $7. 10; and 18 at $ 8 .5 0 to $ 8 .6 0 .
6
6
112
40
72
8
8
_
13
8
5
6
6
_
6
6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
T a b le 18. O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s
N e w J e r s e y — co tto n b ro a d w o v e n f a b r ic s
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in t e x t ile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Sex, departm ent, and occupation
A ll production w ork ers ■
Men —-----------------------
Number
of
w orkers
Number o f w ork ers receiving straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of—
Average
$4.06 $ 4.1 6 F O T p 3 F
&X3F $3.40 $3.50' $3.60 $3.70 $t s f
$ 2.20 P 3 o f l A O $ 2.50 r r o r $ 2.7b rZTSo $2.96 | T W $xnr
p
.lo
hourly
and
earnings1 and
under
2.20 $ 2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 over
34
5
5
13
13
16
16
1
1
7
7
137
134
3
14
14
101
98
3
49
48
1
110
105
5
37
37
2
4
2
6
10
4
"
'
'
4
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
6
6
12
12
12
12
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
56
56
-
$3.06
3. 12
2.28
42
18
3.08
2.88
12
2.91
-
-
-
118
94
10
3. 14
3. 09
2.88
.
_
_
"
“
76
12
2 .9 4
2.85
"
50
2.96
-
21
14
3.07
3. 28
18
32
3.47
3.62
9
21
11
3. 38
3. 14
2.96
34
4
4
21
14
7
808
755
53
52
52
39
39
6
6
10
10
3
3
8
8
26
26
1
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
4
4
10
.
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
114
114
S elected production occupations— men
G rey ro o m
Layout m en, g rey goods- - ----------Sew ing-m achine o p e ra to rs —----------
"
16
6
8
2
Bleaching
Continuous bleach range o p e ra to rs •
Dyeing
D yeing-m achine ten ders, cloth 2—
j i g ----------------------------------------------------------------
Pad----------------------------------------------
"
'
Finishing
F in ish in g-ra n ge o p e ra to rs —
Mangle t e n d e r s ---------------------
2
1
6
32
~
~
~
-
-
10
8
8
_
3
~
“
4
1
“
“
~
3
4
4
3
18
4
12
10
'
“
-
-
*
”
-
2
"
8
-
-
Inspecting and putting-up
W inders, c lo t h ---------------------- -------------
-
-
-
8
-
Packing and shipping
P a ck ers , sh ippin gShipping c l e r k s ------
"
M aintenence
F irem en , stationary b o ile r —
M echanics, maintenance -----
9
■
'
12
4
3
.
4
3
2
_
.
.
_
_
1
2
_
E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts,
Includes data fo r w o rk e rs in cla ssifica tio n in addition to those shown separately.
-
-
1
-
-
-
4
-
10
_
_
_
_
4
.
-
2
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
■
M iscellaneous
C o lo r m ix e rs , dye h o u s e ------------D ry -ca n s op era to rs — — -----------Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs ■
.
4
-
6
18
T a b le 19. O c c u p a tio n a l earnings: N e w J e r s e y — syn th e tic b ro a d w o ve n fa b ric
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in t e x t ile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s <
A v e ra g e
Sex, departm ent, and occupation
A ll production w o rk e rs ■
M e n --------------------------
of
w orkers
hourly
earnings1
Under
$3. 10
$3. 10
and
under
$3. 20
'$ 3 .2 6
~ $TT W -
$ 3 .4 0
$3735“
$ 3."65“ - $ X 7 c $3. 80 $ 3 .9 6
$4. 00 $4. 10 $4. 20 T O T $ 4 .4 0
$3. 30
$ 3 .4 0
$3 . 50
$3. 60
$3. 70
3.80
$ 3 .9 0
$ 4 .0 0
$4. 10 $4. 20 $4. 30 $ 4 .4 0
$4. 50
$4. 6o
$4. 70
and
$4. 50 $4. 60 $4. 70
over
4,285
4,164
121
$3.5 5
3.56
3.21
30
30
70
2
68
100
72
28
2721
2700
21
336
334
2
346
344
2
151
151
10
10
51
51
34
34
61
61
170
170
23
23
10
10
24
24
14
14
5
5
129
129
67
3.35
-
-
10
52
3
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
61
3.42
-
-
31
18
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
876
336
524
9
3.38
3. 38
3.38
3. 38
828
291
521
9
48
45
3
“
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
“
67
167
110
120
3. 37
3.53
6. 74
3.57
117
335
6
186
Selected production
occupation " m en
G rey room
Layout m en, grey goods
Bleaching
B oiloff-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs, cloth—
Dyeing
D yeing-m achine ten d ers, cloth 2—
B eck o r box-------------------------------j i g ---------------------------------------------------------------
P a d --------------------------------------------
-
-
-
_
-
-
“
“
■
-
.
“
-
_
"
“
“
92
3.35
3.35
3. 34
3.37
"
“
“
113
335
6
154
14
250
3.36
-
-
18
213
116
21
18
3.36
3.49
3.43
1
“
-
-
103
8
10
137
9
47
41
4.
4.
4.
4.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
■
“
186
186
93
93
112
20
37
66
3.35
3.58
3. 56
3. 60
3. 36
3. 34
3.37
3.40
_
-
-
_
-
-
_
_
“
-
-
Printing
A g er operators--------------Back ten d ers, printing
P rin ters, m achineP rintin g-m achine h e l p e r s ----
58
-
9
167
_
_
_
_
_
_
..
_
_
_
_
_
“
“
-
-
“
28
-
“
-
-
“
-
-
-
_
“
“
-
_
18
“
5
14
-
-
-
-
11
4
3
5
3
2
-
_
_
_
"
-
“
8
-
.
_
■
“
“
102
4
24
25
174
32
16
16
98
18
29
39
4
8
39
39
_
_
_
«.
3 110
Finishing
Calender tenders ---------------F in ish in g-ra n ge op erators S an forizer o p e r a to r s ----------T en d er-fra m e t e n d e r s --------
4
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
.
.
-
-
-
-
•
-
-
*
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
1
“
“
-
15
2
_
Inspecting and putting-up
W inders, c l o t h -----------------------Packing and shipping
P a ck e rs , shipping
Shipping c l e r k s ----R eceivin g c lerk s —
”
2
_
2
_
_
Maintenance
F irem en , stationary b o ile r
M ach in ists, m aintenance M a in te n a n c e m e n , g e n e r a l U tility M e c h a n ic s , m a in t e n a n c e ---------------
12
28
12
16
10
-
3
~
-
_
“
3
“
„
_
-
_
10
9
_
1
2
2
3
3
2
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
3
-
.
_
2
“
M iscellaneous
B atchers --------------------------------------C olor m ix e r s ---------------------------------Dye h o u s e ---------------------------------P rint shop---------------------------------D ry -ca n s op erators --------------------Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cleaners —
L a b o re rs , m a te ria l h a n d lin g ------W asher t e n d e r s -----------------------------
-
2
2
.
“
.
.
-
14
_
_
27
-
6
"
108
36
72
2
2
5
5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
_
.
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
•
_
•
_
_
_
„
“
-
-
-
-
Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Includes data fo r w orkers in cla ssification in addition to those shown separately.
W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 78 at $ 6. 30 to $ 6. 40; 12 at $ 6. 70 to $ 6. 80; 2 at $ 7 to $7. 10, and 18 at $8. 50 to $8 . 60
_
_
*
_
_
_
„
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
T a b le 2 0. O c c u p a tio n a l earn ing s; N e w Y o r k S ta te
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in t e x t ile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
'him Sex, departm ent,
and occupation
A ll production w ork ers ______
M en________________________
W om en_____________________
Number of w ork ers receivin g straight -tim e hourly earnings o f—
A v e r-
$1.80 $L 9S $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00
hourly
of
and
and
vork - earn- under
in gs1 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80
$5.00 over
5, 323
903
420
l,
$2. 87 151
2. 97 125
2. 17
26
75
52
23
371
105
266
2
7
1
1
'
'
'
'
'
2
1
_
_
_
_
66
51
15
167
163
4
148
117
31
151
137
14
76
72
4
492
473
19
101
101
68
68
56
56
56
56
3
1
2
128
128
52
45
7
472
467
5
183
182
1
189
189
18
10
2
4
120
119
1
58
58
40
38
2
25
23
2
8
8
10
10
6
6
54
54
_
_
.
.
S elected production
occupations— men
G rey room
Layout m en, grey goods ------Sew ing-m achine o p e r a t o r s ___
54
25
2. 80
3. 14
Bleaching
B oiloff-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs,
cloth ________________________
Continuous bleach range
op era tors ___________________
11
7
6
1
"
'
2. 77
_
16
2. 51
-
-
-
-
6
3
-
-
333
173
16
135
3.Q8
2. 99
2. 77
3. 27
_
_
4
1
5
4
3
3
_
_
-
28
29
183
17
160
3. 13
6.49
2. 90
4 /06
2. 74
47
144
10
165
3.
2.
3.
2.
20
1
'
'
8
4
_
2
3
85
76
3
4
21
11
10
■
2
'
'
'
_
_
_
1
1
1
2
_
_
_
_
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
2
1
1
5
2
2
2
108
14
9
5
59
50
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
91
4
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
8
_
5
2
2
6
1
_
.
_
_
3 29
_
_
8
■
5
12
12
'
-
-
1
_
4
4
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
“
-
-
-
3
4
■
-
*
-
•
-
-
1
4
4
_
1
4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
4
6
_
_
-
-
-
*
-
Dyeing
D yeing-m achine ten d ers,
cloth 2 ______________________
B eck or box________________
Continouus r a n g e _________
Jig ............................................
“
“
“
-
-
-
_
~
_
"
"
_
_
_
_
1
_
■
30
4
2
24
3
Printing
Back ten ders, printing ______
P rin te rs , m a c h in e ___________
P rin ters , s c r e e n 2 ___________
A utom atic flat s c r e e n ____
Hand ______________________
j
1
3
5
6
9
132
2
_
~
2
2
"
9
132
2
”
_
_
3
2
4
1
16
2
_
3
79
2
24
12
2
3
_
_
18
_
“
~
2
5
2
1
~
"
_
"
-
1
_
“
-
3
.
_
13
1
_
10
12
_
-
-
2
2
■
2
2
12
_
_
8
6
_
Finishing
Calender t e n d e r s _____________
F in ish in g-ra n ge o p e r a t o r s ___
S an forizer op era to rs ________
T en te r -fr a m e te n d e r s ________
19
86
05
94
-
2
j
_
_
■
58
1
19
5
3
20
3
19
3
8
8
2
3
4
_
_
-
3
21
_
_
_
*
Inspecting and putting-up
In sp ectors, cloth, m achine __
W inders, cloth________________
47
42
2.88
3. 38
121
18
20
20
2. 73
3. 28
3. 36
3.41
18
12
“
■
Packing and shipping
P a ck ers, shipping ___________
Shipping c le r k s ______________
R eceiving c le r k s _____________
Shipping and receivin g c le r k s
See footn otes at end o f table.
3
4
5
1
16
12
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
_
15
4
8
3
4
4
26
_
1
1
16
_
_
2
_
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
_
3
6
-
-
-
1
3
-
2
T a b le 2 0 . O c c u p a tio n a l earnings: N e w Y o r k S t a t e - C o n t in u e d
(Num ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly e a rn in gs1 of w ork ers in selected occupations in textile dyeing and finishing establishm ents, D ecem ber 1970)
1 E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. V irtually all o f the production w ork ers covered by the study w ere paid on a tim e basis.
Includes data fo r w ork ers in cla ssification in addition to those shown separately.
3 W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 19 at $6. 20 to $6. 40; 3 at $6. 40 to $6. 60; 2 at $6. 60 to $6. 80; and 5 at $7 to $7. 20.
4 A ll w ork e rs w ere at $5 to $5. 20.
2
T a b le 21. O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s:
N e w Y o rk , N . Y .
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 2 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x t ile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
D e c e m b e r 1970)
N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s
Sex, department, and occupation
All production workers
Men _________________
age
ber
2.00 $2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2 .9 0 $3.
of
hourly Under and
work earn $2.00
under
ers
ings 2
$2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $ 2.80 $2. 9C $3. 00 $3.
20
37
43
60
36 353
113
6 116
2, 335 $2. 97 115 276
43
20
60
37
4 113
82
35 334
98
2,011
39
3.09
3
31
237
2
324
2. 18
17
19
00 $3. 10 $3. 20 $3. 30 $3. 40 $3.50 $ 3.6 o $3.70 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80
and
10 $3. 20 $3. 30 $3.40 $3. 50 $3. 60 $3.70 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 over
10
37
47
8
6
177
52
47
40
25
21 467
167
8
48
10
6
37
47
47
23
8
166
177
51
38
18 462
8
48
2
2
1
3
5
1
Selected production
occupations— men
Grey room
Layout men, grey goods —
Sewing-machine operators
30
23
3. 14
3. 17
258
127
128
3. 22
3. 14
3.29
180
15
160
2. 91
4. 28
2.74
28
121
88
3.41
2.88
3. 36
39
3.44
97
16
18
20
2.83
3. 33
3. 45
3.41
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_ _
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
-
*
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
2
8
7
-
1
-
-
2
18
10
2
4
9
5
4
59
50
9
8
"
"
1
3
j
_
_
1
■
.
1
-
1
4
4
“
-
4
6
-
-
-
“
”
”
Dyeing
Dyeing-machine tenders, cloth 3—
Beck or box
J i g --------------------------------------------
28
4
24
_
-
1
1
-
2
2
-
2
2
"
108
14
91
2
2
2
-
-
-
-
2
2
■
21
12
2
_
18
-
_
_
58
!
19
3
20
1
4
-
19
8
8
4
2
3
4
■
.
_
45
45
-
4
4
9
132
2
9
132
68
-
Printing
Printers, screen
Automatic flat screen .
H a n d ----------------------------
5
8
5
2
2
■
12
12
"
6
1
■
-
-
■
“
-
-
-
-
-
Finishing
Calender tenders -------Finishing-range operators .
Tenter-frame ten d e rs-------
-
-
-
.
2
_
_
"
‘
Inspecting and putting—up
Winders, cloth —---------------------Packing and shipping
Packers, shipping
Shipping clerks .
IVCLCIVAU
&AB
Receiving^ tiP
clerks
■■■■■-«
Shipping and receiving clerks
_
_
-
_
_
"
_
*
16
_
_
12
_
_
-
12
4
_
“
_
_
■
7
3
_
_
3
6
_
_
"
_
_
"
.
_
“
16
4
26
_
_
_
_
.
3
“
1
■
2
3
4
-
-
'
'
Maintenance
Maintenance men, general
utility Mechanics, maintenance
31
21
3.64
4. 38
38
47
21
26
29
30
57
2.96
3.61
3.72
3.52
3.43
2.68
2. 30
19
2.09
j
4
3
7
1
4
1
10
12
1
1
3
4
-
_
3
-
-
Miscellaneous
.........
Color mixers
Dye house -----------------— ----------Print shop-------------------------------Dry-cans o p era to rs-------------------Janitors, porters, and clean ers.
Laborers, material handling-----
_
_
_
_
3
_
_
_
.
_
_ .
_
_
2
22
1
2
4
10
15
2
2
15
_
_
_
_
1
.
_
_
7
12
_
3
4
_
_
.
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
8
8
4
_
_
_
2
_
3
1
4
_
1
1
4
2
.
.
_
_
6
3
5
5
_
.
3
10
6
2
5
19
6
3
3
_
3
13
4
9
_
-
.
.
.
.
2
2
_
3
Selected production
occupations—-women
Inspecting and putting-up
Inspectors, cloth, hand _______
1
chester
2
3
4
The New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of New York City (Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens, and Richmond Counties) and Nassau, Rockland, Suffolk, and West
Counties, N. Y.
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
All production workers covered by the study were paid on a time basis.
Includes data for workers in classifications in addition to those shown separately.
All workers were at $5 to $5. 20.
T a b le 2 2 . O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s: N o rth C a r o lin a
(N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x tile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Num- A v e r$1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10
of
hourly
w ork - earn i under
xngs
ei s
$1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20
225
275
401 1, 130 1,493 1,856
- 12,256 $ 2 .2 8
A ll production w ork ers _ __ _ __
9, 212 2. 36
M e n ________________________________
60
198
368 691 1, 538
89
762 802
W om en
__ __ __ __ —
_ 3, 044 2. 03
165
186 203
318
Sex, departm ent, and occupation
Number o f w ork ers receivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of—
$2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00
and
$2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 over
1, 741 l, 843 1, 149
624
234
151
147
111
449
67
24
73
159
16
6
11
5
3
63
1,472 1,612 1, 096
607
438
217
145
158
145
111
66
24
73
16
6
11
5
3
63
11
1
1
231
53
17
17
269
6
2
S elected occupations— men
G rey room
Layout m en, g rey g o o d s -------------------Sew ing-m achine o p e r a t o r s ----------------Singer op erators 2 -
—.
.
_
.
.
_
6
2
8
8
2
-
-
-
-
-
68
59
87
73
50
2. 35
2. 24
2.23
2. 23
2.40
83
79
58
51
39
115
109
2. 29
2. 30
2. 27
2.48
2.47
2. 36
2. 35
552
540
203
161
130
124
52
184
130
2. 34
2. 33
2. 34
2. 39
2.29
2. 27
2. 28
2. 39
2. 29
.
_
_
_
_
178
172
2.48
2. 47
.
_
105
2. 34
66
379
303
76
32
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
33
33
32
36
37
_
_
_
35
403
371
2.45
2. 37
2. 36
.
_
_
34
238
232
137
113
2. 20
2. 36
2. 35
2.46
2. 37
.
_
28
28
24
22
6
21
21
16
16
28
34
30
.26
18
18
12
35
35
5
_
.
_
.
_
_
.
12
1
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
8
8
6
33
33
9
9
2
36
24
18
12
3
3
6
6
8
8
8
8
9
3
13
13
3
3
3
3
_
_
_
2
_
_
_
_
_
2
2
_
.
1
1
1
r
-
Bleaching
Cloth
.. _
................................
Tim e
...................
C lo th -m e rc e r iz e r op erators -----------Continuous bleach range operators
Tim e
_
_ -
.
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
9
9
36
36
14
14
12
12
12
13
13
_
_
_
_
_
5
5
4
4
9
9
9
15
15
48
12
12
8
51
51
30
6
5
5
5
267
267
169
48
34
34
10
22
22
43
31
4
_
68
68
8
4
40
40
16
12
12
68
68
_
_
88
88
26
18
38
38
6
21
21
20
20
8
8
14
14
26
26
3
3
16
16
_
46
32
15
12
9
32
24
8
4
112
102
10
7
99
81
18
16
17
90
63
27
16
19
26
15
11
_
35
_
12
12
7
152
150
16
160
160
1
28
6
15
67
67
44
44
5
111
111
8
8
_
12
10
37
37
42
40
24
24
Dyeing
D yeing-m achine tenders, c lo t h 3 _____
Tim e
B eck o r b ox (all tim e w o rk e rs) — __
Tim e
Pad2
D yeing-m achine tenders, yarn — ——
Tim e
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
7
2
2
56
2
Printing
P rin ters , s c r e e n (all
tim e w o r k e r s )3 - _
___
Autom atic flat sc r e e n
Printin g-m achine helpers
(all tim ew ork ers) -
_
_
_
_
_
44
44
3
3
Finishing
Calendar tenders 2 ___________________
F inishing-range op erators
Tim e
Incentive —— -____________________
Mangle tenders (all tim e w o r k e r s )___
S an forizer op era to rs (all
t im e w o r k e r s ) ----------------------------------T e n ter-fra m e tenders _
Tim p
_
— .
__ .... _
_
_
2
_
10
2
_
.
_
_
_
2
14
10
33
8
3
18
18
9
_
Inspecting and putting-up
D ouble-and roll-m a ch in e operators
(all tim ew ork ers)
In sp ectors, cloth, m achine
Tim e W inders, cloth
Tim e _ __
_
_
See footnotes at end o f table.
_
_
"
_
_
2
4
4
_
1
2
24
1
1
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
T a b le 2 2 . O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s :
N o rth C a r o lin a — C o n tin u e d
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x tile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Num- A v e rSex, department, and occupation
$3.80 W 9 0 $4.00
$1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $ O 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $37TO $3.20 $3.30 $3740 $3750 $3760^
hourly
of
and
w o rk - e arn - under
$1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 over
Selected occupationsmen— Continued
Packing and shipping
Packers shipping — --------------------Time Receiving clerks (all timeworkers) Shipping clerks (all timeworkers) —
Shipping and receiving clerks
(ail tim ew orkers)---------------------------
18^ $2 .2 7
174 2. 26
29 2. 32
10 2. 40
4
4
-
_
_
-
-
10
10
-
.
-
-
-
6
5
-
37
37
4
*
59
55
11
4
34
29
5
-
11
11
4
3
3
6 2. 57
5
4
4
-
2
-
-
1
2
8
-
4
2
2
1
17
17
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
1
i
1
.
Maintenance
E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance (all
tim ew ork ers) ------------------------F irem en , stationary b o ile r
(all tim ew ork ers) -----------M achinists, m aintenance
(all tim ew ork ers) ,
M aintenance m en, general utility
(all tim ew ork ers)
M ech an ics, m aintenance (all
t im e w o r k e r s ) ----------------------
3. 11
88
2
23
-
1
11
5
4
6
3
5;
20
.
12
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
3
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
8
89
2.48
-
1
16
-
1
6
-
-
8
24
8
4
50
2.86
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
1
3
-
8
11
-
-
-
-
-
18
4
5
-
6
13
4
-
8
4
7
4
-
4
4
4
24
9
14
33
12
21
34
60
13
35
25
25
3
39
37
2
4
10
10
38
38
26
26
_
_
_
.
8
5
3
3
_
4
1
3
23
_
23
3
2
2
2
2
-
5
-
*
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
77
2 .64
270
2.94
-
-
-
-
52
226
176
50
71
49
2 .24
2.46
2. 39
2.72
2. 20
2.23
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
152
1.98
8
2
22
206
54
2.05
2. 37
76
2. 04
202
184
1, 044
830
214
2. 23
2. 26
2.02
1.96
2.27
-
-
4
32
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
M iscella n eou s
Batchers 2 —---------------- ---------------Color mixers (all timeworkers) .
Dye house —---- ------------------- —
Paint shop _
Dye-cans operators
Time ----Janitors, porters, and cleaners
(all timeworkers)
L a b o r e rs , m a teria l handling
(a ll tim ew ork ers)
W asher tenders (all tim e w o rk e rs)
20
-
5
20
16
20
6
-
12
45
34
11
23
23
74
13
23
-
5
35
54
83
13
6
1
31
5
_
_
6
S elected occu pation s—
w om en
G rey room
Sew ing-m achine op e ra to rs 2
-
8
16
8
16
16
2
2
10
12
10
471
452
19
30
28
306
281
25
6
6
30
4
26
50
46
39
1
38
94
94
37
33
11
5
5
4
1
2
37
33
11
5
5
4
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
-
5
Inspecting and putting-up
In sp ectors, cloth , m achine
Tim e
.......-........... ....... —
W inders, yarn ---- -------------Tim e --------- — ....... .— —
Packing and shipping
P a ck e rs , shipping2 -----------------
_
_
_
_
-
37
32
5
63
60
3
1
J
2.06
-
-
-
10
-
6
19
1.90
-
-
11
6
-
2
M iscella neous
Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs
(all t i m e w o r k e r s ) --------------------
1 Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 Insufficient data to w arrant presentation o f separate averages by method o f wage payment; predom inantly tim ew orkers.;
3 Includes data fo r w o rk e rs in c la s sific a tio n in addition to those shown separately.
T a b le 2 3 .
O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s: N o rth C a r o lin a — co tto n b ro a d w o v e n f a b r ic s
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in t e x tile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f—
Sex, departm ent, and occupation
A ll production w ork ers
M e n -----------------------W omen . . . ___ ____ —
of
w orkers
p j& o $1.70 $1.80 W 9 0 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2 . 6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $ T 90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 | 3 l0 $3.40 $3^ 0 $3.60
hourly
and
and
earnings 1
under
$1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 over
4,750
3,944
806
$ 2 . 38
2.4 6
1.97
198
40
158
131
46
85
56
47
19
28
2. 38
2 .2 5
2 .3 9
2 .46
_
_
"
_
_
“
_
_
"
23
51
39
70
64
2. 37
2 .48
2.47
2.46
2.46
_
_
“
_
_
-
"
191
179
39
97
38
32
2 .4 0
2 .39
2. 34
2 .4 3
2. 37
2. 34
„
_
.
.
_
.
„
_
-
-
123
117
105
2 .4 5
2 .4 3
2. 34
43
119
87
32
33
151
131
2 .4 5
2.4 5
2.4 4
2 .3 7
2.47
2 .4 0
2. 36
26
106
95
71
2. 32
2.41
2 .5 7
2.47
79
42
37
227
146
81
462
234
228
370
309
61
509
413
96
839
794
45
16
16
10
21
21
2
12
564
559
5
486
481
5
266
265
1
101
100
1
_
-
_
"
63
61
2
107
107
“
99
99
”
47
47
36
35
8
8
64
64
1
”
1
1
_
_
-
_
-
_
8
8
”
86
86
Selected occupations 2
G rey room
Layout m en, g r e y goods
. . . . . — - .........
T i m e ___________________________
Sew ing-m achine o p erators 3 ---------------Singer op era tors 3_______ —
------— —
_
‘
8
8
_
_
5
*
"
2
2
_
5
_
12
1
6
33
33
5
36
24
18
12
24
24
43
31
12
12
12
30
6
_
-
_
-
1
3
-
-
2
_
-
1
-
Bleaching
B oiloff-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs, c lo t h 3
C lo th -m e r c e r iz e r o p e ra to rs . . . . . . . .
Tim e -------------------------------------Continuous blea ch range operators
T i m e __-______ _______________
12
_
“
_
•
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
8
_
.
-
20
20
-
_
_
.
-
12
12
13
13
_
_
3
3
6
6
-
Dyeing
D yeing-m achine ten ders, c lo t h 4 .
T im e ........— ............. .......... .—
B eck o r b ox (all tim ew ork ers)
Continuous range 3------------------Jig ------------------------------------------T i m e -----------------------------------
-
8
-
8
8
-
107
107
39
46
12
12
8
8
-
14
14
-
6
6
46
3
3
32
6
6
15
17
52
29
16
16
16
16
1
24
6
9
_
“
7
25
25
16
7
106
106
11
2
2
2
5
54
8
8
10
37
37
40
24
24
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
9
.9
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
.
_
3
3
3
3
9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
_
3
3
_
_
9
Printing
P r in te r s , s c r e e n (a ll tim ew ork ers) 4 ----------Autom atic flat s c r e e n ..............
P rintin g-m achine helpers (all tim ew orkers)
_
-
-
-
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
39
39
12
Finishing
Calender tenders 3 ..... ---------------------------Finishing-range o p e ra to rs — ----------------Tim e —-------------------- ---------------------M angle tenders (all tim ew ork ers) — . ..
S an forizer op era to rs (all tim ew orkers).
T e n te rs -fra m e t e n d e r s ------------------------T i m e --------------------------------------------
“
.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
”
”
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
3
3
_
_
_
_
_
19
24
15
_
18
18
_
_
_
2
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
.'
_
_
_
_
Inspecting and putting-up
D ouble-and roll-m a ch in e op erators (all
tim ew ork ers) — -------..... .. .. . .. .. ■
In sp ectors, cloth , m achine (all tim ew orkers)
W inders, cloth —-------. . . . ______________________
T im e________ . . . . . . . . . — . — . — . . . . --------- -—
See footnotes at end o f table.
_
_
_
_
-
-
_
_
-
8
1
_
_
1
_
24
T a b le 2 3 . O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s:
N o rth C a r o lin a — co tto n b ro a d w o v e n f a b r ic s — C o n tin u e d
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x t ile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Sex, departm ent, and occupation
NumDer
of
w ork ers
Number o f w ork ers receivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of—
Average
$2.40 $2750" $2 . 6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3760
$1.60 $1.70 $L8CT $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20
hourly
and
and
earnings 1
under
$1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 over
JO o
S elected occupations 2— Continued
Packing and shipping
P a ck e rs , shipping (all t i m e w o r k e r s ) -----------R eceiving c le r k s (all t im e w o r k e r s )----------------
75
10
$2. 30
2. 51
41
37
18
3.23
2. 81
3. 24
19
103
2. 82
3. 19
77
27
50
9
2.66
2. 54
2.72
2. 37
61
2. 02
10
-
-
”
"
30
■
12
1
11
4
3
4
2
"
7
1
12
_
4
M aintenance
E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance (all tim ew ork ers)
F irem en , station ary b o lie r (all tim ew ork ers)
M ach in ists, m aintenance (all tim e w o rk e rs) M aintenance m en, general utility
(all t im e w o r k e r s ) ------------------------------------------M ech an ics, m aintenance (all tim ew ork ers) -
.
.
2
j
2
1
_
2
9
“
11
11
4
5
-
8
4
5
6
15
4
22
_
20
2
1
12
_
-
_
4
_
.
4
_
1
1
1
_
3
3
.
1
32
_
2
.
3
_
_
_
M iscella n eou s
C o lo r m ix ers (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) --------Dye house ------------------- ------------- -----Print shop ___ ....------------------- -—
D ye-can s op erators (all tim ew ork ers)
Jan itors, p o r te r s , and clea n ers
(all tim ew ork ers) _______ ___ _______
L a b o r e rs , m a terial handling (all
tim ew ork ers) -------- ------- ----- ------ -------W asher ten ders (all tim ew ork ers) ----- 1
4
3
2
1
2
3
4
97
42
2.04
2.36
5
_
_
-
-
_
-
2
-
-
-
12
-
-
_
-
5
-
_
-
2
11
2
-
11
5
30
11
13
-
5
17
20
35
12
6
1
19
-
'
E xcludes prem ium pay fo r o v e rtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Data fo r the s e le cte d occupations shown w ere lim ited to m en w ork ers.
Insufficient data to w arrant presentation of separate averages by m ethod o f wage paym ent; predom inantly tim ew orkers.
Includes data fo r w o rk e rs in cla s sifica tio n s in addition to those shown separately.
_
2
25
25
2
2
3
_
_
3
23
3
3
23
3
_
_
.
_
.
.
.
_
2
_
11
3
-
6
_
.
T a b le 2 4 . O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s:
P a t e r s o n — C lif t o n — P a s s a ic , N . J . 1
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s l i a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 2 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x t ile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Sex, departm ent and
occupation
A ll production w ork ers
Men -------- -----------------W om en .
Num A v e r
Number oi w ork ers receivin g
ber
age
ft 2. 30j$2. 40 j$ i . 50j$ 2. 60|$ 2. 70|$ 2. 80{$ 2. 90p 3. 00^ 3. 10^ 3. 2 0 ^ 0 6 1 $ '3 . 46|f3. 50|$ 3'. 6o|$ 3r7Cj$ 3. 80{$ 3. 9<3|$4. 66J$ 4. lO $ 4. £ob 4. 30JP. 461$ 4. 66ft 4.66
of
lourly
Jnder and
w ork earn
2. 30 under
ings 2
ers
____ %2. 40B 2. 50|$ 2. 60|$ 2. 70|$ 2. 80|$ 2. 90js 3. 00
S3. 20$3. 30 $3. 40$ 3. 50 $ 3. 60$ 3. 70 $ 3. 80 $ 3. 9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 . 10 $4. 20$4. 30$4. 40$4. 50 $4. 60$4. 70
4, 392 $ 3.40
136
2, 241
137
319
130
3.47
4,029
2, 217
317
137
363
6
2.63
24
2
S elected production
occupations—-m e n
G rey room
Layout m en, grey g o o d s __
Bleaching
B oiloff-m a ch in e op e ra to rs,
cloth — ---------------------------Dyeing
D yeing-m achine tenders, c lo t h 5B eck o r box
J i g ------------Pad ________
799
268
476
13
3. 36
3. 39
3. 37
3.08
52
156
98
3. 34
3.53
6 .74
4. 34
4. 33
3.60
709
223
470
9
Printing
A ger op era tors .
Back tenders, printing ,
P rin ters, m achine -----P rin te rs , s c r e e n 5
Autom atic flat s cre e n —
P rintin g-m achine h elpers
22
19
98
Finishing
C alender tenders
F in ish in g-ra n ge o p era tors —
S an forizer o p e r a t o r s _________
T e n te r-fra m e tenders ------------
94
297
6
160
3. 35
3.33
3.03
3.33
90
282
Inspecting and putting-up
W inders, cloth __________ ____
Packing and shipping
P a ck e rs , shipping
Shipping c le r k s ----R eceivin g c le r k s —
165
26
11
3.04
3.29
3.45
M aintenance
F irem en , stationary b o ile r
M achinists, m aintenance __
M aintenance m en, general
utility .
M echanics, maintenance
122
9
4. 10
4. 28
3.99
4. 16
M iscellaneous
C o lo r m i x e r s ------------------------ . . . .
Dye house ____________ ______
P rint shop __________ ___ _____
D ry -ca n s o p e r a t o r s _____________
J an itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs .
L a b o r e rs , m a terial handling _ _
W asher tenders ,
1
2
5
4
5
4
7
188
190
117
73
102
16
133
46
3. 25
3.59
3.60
3.58
3. 34
3. 25
2.89
3. 37
150
32
The P aterson—C lifton— P a ssa ic Standard M etropolitan Statistical A rea co n sists o f Bergen and P a ssa ic Counties.
E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and for w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts.
W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 106 at $ 2 .1 0 to $ 2 .2 0 , and 9 at $ 2 .2 0 to $ 2 .3 0 .
A ll w ork ers w ere paid on a time basis.
Includes data fo r w ork ers in cla ssification s in addition to those shown separately.
W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 78 at $ 6 .3 0 to $ 6 .4 0 ; 2 at $7 to $ 7 .1 0 , and 18 at $ 8 .5 0 to $ 8 .6 0 .
A ll w ork ers w ere at $5 to $5. 10.
and
over
144
144
T a b le 2 5 .
O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s:
P e n n s y lv a n ia
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in t e x t ile d y e in g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Sex, departm ent, and occupation
A ll production w o rk e rs ■
M en ---------------------------W om en -------------- -------- ---------------
Number of w ork ers receiving ; straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of—
Num A v e rber
age $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 H 9 0 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2730 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00
hourly
of
and
w ork earn- under
ings1 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 over
ers
59
22
37
169
95
74
7
6
1
237
124
113
117
64
53
103
67
36
56
48
8
88
85
3
99
99
335
335
208
208
80
80
113
113
286
286
17
17
14
14
139
138
1
20
20
3
3
6
6
17
17
51
51
9
22
15
7
-
-
-
-
2
-
9
4
-
3
-
-
20
5
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.90
2.92
3. 03
-
-
-
-
12
12
_
20
20
8
8
3
2
2
4
2
2
8
4
2
22
2
8
-
60
30
“
_
“
4
4
20
88
88
18
2.94
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2. 51
2. 82
1
“
4
6
12
3
2
“
2
_
-
-
.
.
$2. 79
2. 90
2. 19
4
1
3
9
2. 67
229
172
52
119
2, 259
1,914
345
Selected occupations— m e n 2
G rey ro o m
Layout m en, grey g o o d s -------------Dyeing
D yeing-m achine ten ders, clo th 3 —
B eck or box - —-----------------------D yeing-m achine tenders, yarn—
Finishing
F inishing-range o p e r a t o r s ----------
-
-
-
-
-
7
2
7
-
9
10
32
-
-
-
52
“
~
“
“
22
”
“
4
2
2
“
1
"
4
3
11
"
21
4
“
“
“
8
-
-
-
4
4
5
-
2
3
“
5
2
1
.
6
16
2
10
1
2
3
9
1
9
3
“
.
-
4
4
5
|
Inspecting and putting-up
In sp ectors, cloth, m a c h in e --------W inders, cloth -----------------------------Packing and shipping
P a ck ers, sh ippin g------------------------R eceivin g c l e r k s ---------------------------Shipping and rece ivin g c l e r k s -------
2. 45
2. 59
2. 83
6
11
-
_
4
_
8
1
.
1
8
M aintenance
3. 20
3. 14
F irem en , stationery b o ile r — -------M aintenance, m en, gen eral U t ilit y -
”
“
-
-
1
2
“
1
“
“
-
_
1
2
7
-
2
2
3
2
1
4
1
3
1
36
"
51
51
2
2
32
32
1
1
2
“
12
4
1
-
3
M iscellaneous
C olor m ix e rs , dye h o u s e ---D ry -ca n s o p e r a to r s -----Jan itors, p o r te r s , and c le a n e r s L a b orers , m aterial han dling------
3.
2.
2.
2.
06
43
55
30
-
-
4
-
-
2
8
1
”
1
4
1
Selected occupations— women
Inspecting and putting-up
W inders, y a r n T i m e -----------
177
147
2. 13
2. 19
3
"
9
■
7
"
37
30
34
31
E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
A ll w ork ers w e re paid on a tim e basis.
Includes data fo r w ork ers in cla ssifica tio n in addition to those shown separately.
-
2
-
7
3
_
-
T a b le 2 6 . O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s: P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .— N . J.
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 2 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in te x t ile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Sex, departm ent, and occupation
A ll production w ork er s M en ----------------------------
Number o f w ork ers receivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of—
Num- A v e rage ■$1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00
ber
of
hourly a p/4
and
w ork- earn- under
ings2 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 over
ers
1,295
944
351
$2. 60
2. 77
2. 15
19
2. 59
47
66
2. 47
2. 94
13
17
2. 70
2. 47
25
11
15
2. 33
2. 84
2. 67
38
21
3. 06
3. 02
22
12
7
11
65
2.
3.
2.
2.
2.
4
1
3
9
9
42
15
27
59
22
37
82
33
49
41
6
35
226
102
124
87
58
29
77
43
34
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
2
-
10
6
111
109
2
120
119
1
36
36
40
40
30
30
6
4
-
3
12
26
4
48
48
61
61
45
45
20
18
19
66
112
111
1
18
18
3
3
6
6
7
7
.
_
6
6
S elected occupations— m en 3
G rey room
Layout m en, grey g o o d s ----------------
1
Dyeing
D yeing-m achine tenders, c lo t h ----D yeing-m achine tenders, yarn——
14
2
“
“
5
1
1
'
'
Inspecting and putting-up 1
5
4
3
2
In sp ectors, cloth, m a ch in e --------------W inders, cloth ---------------------------------- —
“
4
”
2
2
1
8
2
2
10
1
2
1
3
2
Packing and shipping
P a ck ers, sh ippin g-----------------------------Shipping, c le r k s ---------------------------------R eceiving c l e r k s ---------------------------------
j
6
"
“
“
4
“
1
4
-
1
2
5
5
2
2
3
22
"
M aintenance
Firem en, stationary b o i l e r ------------- —
Maintenance men, general u tility — —
1
■
~
"
"
1
.
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
1
2
1
”
“
1
7
-
1
3
1
2
4
4
1
3
.
2
_
43
‘
M iscellaneous
C olor m ix e r s 5------- -----------------------------D ye-h ou se----------------------------------------Dry—cans o p e r a t o r s ----------------------------Jan itors, p o rte rs , and c le a n e r s --------L a b orers, m aterial han dling-----------—
97
28
43
26
33
-
-
-
-
2
5
2
1
-
1
3
1
32
35
34
116
116
2
2
32
32
10
-
-
-
.
-
2
2
_
-
7
7
-
_
-
3
3
.
-
_
-
-
_
-
_
-
2
28
S elected occupations— w om en
Inspecting and putting-up
W inders, y a r n --------------------------------------
276
246
2. 15
2. 19
3
9
“
“
7
“
37
30
34
31
1
"
1
1 The Philadelphia Standard M etropolitan Statistical A rea co n sists o f Bucks, C hester, D elaware, M ontgom ery, and Philadelphia Counties, P a ., and Burlington, Camden, and G loucesterCounties,
2
3
4
5
E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
A ll w ork ers w ere paid on a tim e basis.
A ll w ork ers w ere at $ 4 to $ 4. 10.
Includes data fo r w ork ers in cla ssifica tion in addition to those shown separately.
T a b le 2 7 .
O c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s:
R h o d e Island
(Number and average straigh t-tim e hourly e a rn in gs1 of w ork ers in selected occupations in textile dyeing and finishing establishm ents, D ecem ber 1970)
Number of w ork ers re ce ivin g straigh t-tim e earnings of—
Average
$ i : t (t $ 1 .8 0 $ 1. 90 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2 . 30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50 $ 2 . 60 $ 2. 70 $ 2. SO $ 2 .9 0 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3. 50
T T 7 W
hourly
of
Sex, departm ent, and occupation
and
w ork ers earnings1 and
under
over
$ 1. 70 $ 1.80 $1. 90 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2 . 30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 . 50 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 . 70 $ 2 . 80
?0 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3.20 $ 3 . 30 $ 3.40 $ 3. 50
W om en__________________________
8
8
40
20
20
24
12
12
2. 79
2. 68
-
-
-
19
2.75
"
16
7
2. 78
2.68
-
-
-
2.
2.
2.
2.
_
.
-
_
_
_
-
2, 385
1,880
505
$ 2 . 60
2.67
2. 33
16
10
104
43
61
88
59
29
165
58
107
55
36
19
-
-
-
-
“
“
-
“
-
-
-
_
-
_
"
4
4
193
155
38
2 39
196
43
120
113
7
348
276
72
259
251
8
161
141
20
347
287
60
1
1
5
5
6
4
1
-
101
96
5
20
18
2
19
19
5
4
8
8
81
80
1
3
-
-
-
-
Selected occupations— men
G rey r o o m
Layout m en, g rey goods ---------------T i m e ____________________________
-
-
-
1
7
5
-
-
2
2
1
-
3
2
7
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
■
_
-
_
“
36
32
4
40
28
32
20
7
4
■
17
10
8
5
8
4
63
59
32
29
.
-
.
"
"
.
-
_
•
9
27
1
16
1
8
8
-
-
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
10
8
■
-
-
Bleaching
B oiloff-m a ch in e o p e r a to r s ,
cloth 2 b / __________________________
Continuous bleach range
o p e r a t o r s ---------- --------------------------T im e ---------------------------------------------
6
'
Dyeing
Dyeing -m ach ine te n d e rs, clo th 3 —
T i m e ___________________ —__
Jig ---------------------------------------------T i m e _________________________
D yeing-m achine te n d e rs, yarn
(a ll tim e w o r k e r s )________________
175
129
88
54
72
78
80
79
86
2. 50
_
Printing
A g er op erators (all tim e w o rk e rs )..
Back ten ders, printing
(a ll tim e w o r k e r s )______________ _
P rin te rs , screen (all tim e w ork ers) —
7
2. 63
35
2. 68
42
3. 31
21
89
57
2. 73
2. 78
2. 73
.
_
10
2. 39
”
12
9
2. 63
2. 52
_
_
13
3. 10
-
-
10
2.91
19
2. 72
-
25
2. 98
-
-
-
-
"
"
-
-
•
'
-
-
3
-
-
-
2
15
"
-
“
25
2
4 15
Finishing
C alender tenders 2a / _______________
T e n t e r - f r a m e tenders ____________
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
4
4
_
4
9
9
”
“
4
■
1
"
.
_
_
_
_
3
3
1
1
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
4
4
m
_
_
.
_
_
1
4
16
61
40
_
6
.
_
.
5
“
“
■
“
*
*
■
_
3
3
1
2
.
.
_
_
_
-
-
-
6
4
-
1
1
-
1
■
2
1
7
"
-
■
"
“
•
6
8
4
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
"
11
3
5
-
*
_
_
Inspecting and putting-up
W inders, cloth (all tim e w o rk e rs)__
Packing and shipping
P a ck ers, shipping _________________
T i m e ____________________________
M aintenance
E lectricia n s (all t im e w o r k e r s )___
F irem en , stationary b o ile r
(all t im e w o r k e r s )_________________
Maintenance m en, general utility
(all tim e w o r k e r s )------------------------M echanics, m aintenance
(all tim e w o r k e r s )_________________
See fo o t n o t e s at en d o f ta b le .
■
-
~
*
_
■
-
-
-
-
■
“
-
T a b le 27.
O c c u p a tlo n g s :
R h o d e I s la n d -C o n tin u e d
(Num ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w orkers in selected occupations in textile dyeing and finishing establishm ents, D ecem ber 1970)1
4
3
2
Number of w ork ers receivin g straight-tim e earnings of—
Sex, departm ent, and occupation
of
hourly
w ork ers earnings
$ 1.60 $ 1.70 $ 1. 80 $ 1.90 $ 2 .0 0
$2710 $ 2 .2 0
$2730
$ 2 .4 0
$ 2 .5 0
under
$ 1. 70 $ 1.80 $ 1.90 $2 . 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2.40 $ 2. 50 $ 2 .6 0
$ 2 .8 0
$ 2 .9 0
$ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3. 40 $ 3. 50
"
$ 2 . 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2.90
$ 3 .0 0
“
$ 3. 10 $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3.40 $3. 50
8
$ 2. 60 $ 2 .7 0
and
over
S elected occupations— men
Continued
M iscellaneous
C olor m ix e rs (all t im e w o r k e r s )___
Dye h o u s e _______________________
Print shop_______________________
D ry -ca n s op erators
(a ll t im e w o r k e r s )------------------------Jan itors, p o r te r s , and clea n ers
(all tim e w o r k e r s )________________
L a b o r e rs , m aterial handling _____
Incentive________________________
W asher tenders —.................................
T i m e ____________________________
58
34
24
$2. 72
2. 72
2. 72
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
41
2.48
-
-
-
-
4
3
12
107
106
23
20
2.42
2. 54
2. 54
2.40
2. 34
-
-
-
-
4
4
-
2
2
-
1
3
3
-
1
10
10
-
12
2. 12
-
1
2
1
5
-
-
-
-
73
193
2. 57
2. 18
-
-
-
-
-
“
51
91
9
11
8
15
"
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
2
6
_
-
-
18
18
-
-
9
-
4
16
5
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
3
-
-
2
15
15
5
5
7
21
21
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
18
-
12
11
3
-
15
15
-
3
3
-
-
3
3
-
-
3
3
5
5
8
8
-
-
8
8
3
3
8
10
10
-
-
-
_
S elected occupations— women
Inspecting and putting-up
In sp ectors, cloth, hand
(all tim e w o r k e r s )________________
In sp ectors, cloth, m achine
(all tim e w o r k e r s )________________
W inders, y a r n 2a / ________________
1
2
3
4
-
1
46
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
14
3
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r work on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. A pproxim ately 88 per cent of the production w ork ers covered by the study w ere paid on a tim e basis.
Insufficient data to warrant presentation of separate averages by method of wage payment; (a) predominantly tim ew ork ers, or (b) predom inantly incentive w ork ers.
Includes data fo r w ork ers in cla ssification in addition to those shown separately.
A ll w ork ers w ere at $ 4. 10 to $ 4. 20.
T a b le 28.
O c c u p a t i o n a l ea rn in g s:
South C a ro lin a
(Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in textile dyeing and finishing establishments, December 1970)
Number of workers receiving straight;-time hourly earnings of—
Average
$1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $X 30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.06 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80
of
hourly Jndej and
and
work- earn- $ 1 .8( under
ers
mgs 1
$1.90 52.00 $2.10 $2.20 k 2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $ 3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 over
Nuin-
Sex, department, and occupation
16,660
L3, 980
$2. 57 329
20
2.63
129
65
64
822
671
151
994
732
262
_
4
4
1, 120 1, 476 1,767 2,016 1,904 2,799 1, 228 710
797 1, 231 1,416 1,723 1,684 2, 567 1, 101 644
232
127 66
245
351
293
220
323
475
462
13
344
331
13
85
75
10
23
22
1
13
13
11
11
1
1
27
27
7
7
36
36
_
-
154
154
86
86
104
104
Selected occupations— men
Grev room
Layout men, grey goods ........
Incentive--------- -------- ------ ------Sewing-machine operators 2a / —
100
2. 39
42
36
2.63
2. 29
4
36
12
16
14
2
4
.
1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
4
2
_
-
1
-
3
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
■
“
"
"
11
3
16
2
27
27
14
8
2
11
9
9
24
17
17
34
6
21
58
40
48
36
12
51
51
-
-
_
-
13
*
-
“
"
_
.
''
.
_
.
-
-
-
-
-
~
6
2
2
20
20
2
2
2
_
18
2
2
2
52
46
46
_
-
“
fy
6
Bleachine
Boiloff-machine operators,
Cloth-m ercerizer operators ^a/L
Cloth-m ercerizer operators,
assistant (all timeworkers) —
Continuous bleach range
79
2.59
32
2.43
152
2m 52
"
“
5
5
2
2
6
17
10
22
6
40
40
20
20
52
52
24
6
177
81
27
32
32
20
11
110
36
36
46
40
24
24
126
51
51
22
14
24
22
69
Dyeing
Dyeing-machine tenders, cloth3—
Time
Continuous range — .
599
2.51
_
190
170
I1SHk
O
80
AQ
0
7
2. 45
2.62
Ac?
c7. o
7 , ‘t
4Q
C
'j
2. 50
I
_
“
“
_
_
6
43
26
26
17
17
6
6
(y
53
53
Printing
__
Back tenders, printing 2a/ ----------Printers, screen (all timeworkers) 3 ----------------- — — ---- —
Automatic flat s c re e n ------------Automatic rotary screen ------Printing-machine h e lp e r s ----------T im e -----------------------------------------
50
330
380
7 . 30
Rk
C
2. 56
2 . 83
5. 66
258
177
53
323
287
2.91
2.86
3. 31
2. 44
2.41
126
64
373
295
101
74
167
276
268
2.61
2. 45
2.54
2.48
2.56
2. 52
2.62
2.53
2.53
2
2
"
“
I
I
_
.
_
-
_
-
_
-
.
-
4
4
40
40
12
12
_
3
3
26
26
-
~
2
2
fy
2
10
18
35
15
12
25
25
169
_
-
8
8
_
-
28
-
4
4
8
8
12
12
42
42
18
18
24
24
73
70
3
163
127
12
12
32
32
11
11
4
6
6
2
2
17
14
9
9
2
13
13
16
16
61
5$
15
15
30
118
118
13
13
46
43
9
9
31
29
29
67
18
141
93
51
27
96
57
49
“
fy
154
36
46
8
38
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
86 4 104
-
•
Finishing
Calender t e n d e r s -------- —-----------Time
,,
.
, _ ......... .
,r_
Finishing-range operators ...........
Time ----------------— .........— -------Mangle tenders — — — — — —
Time
-----------Sanforizer operators 2_a/ ---- ------Tenter-frame tenders . . . . -----------T i m e --------------------------------------See fo o t n o t e s at en d o f ta b le .
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
.
_
2
2
_
_
-
_
.
.
-
_
2
2
_
_
.
-
_
2
2
_
15
15
1
9
3
32
23
6
3
4
38
38
6
3
■
T a b le 28.
O c c u p a t i o n a l e a rn in g s: S o u t h C a r o l i n a — C o n t i n u e d
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in t e x t ile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Sex, department, and occupation
Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of—
Num- AverDer
age
$1.80 $ T 90 $2.60 $2.10 $ 2.20 $T 30 $2.40 $2.50 $ T 5 o $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 J T o o W 2 Q J 5 A 0 $5.60 $5.80
of
hourly
Under and
and
work earn
$1.80 under
ings 1
ers
$1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 over
Inspecting and putting—up
Double-and roll-machine
operators Inspectors, cloth, hand 2b/
Inspectors, cloth, machine — _
Time .__, — ------------ ,-----------Winders, cloth _
Incentive ----------------------- — —
66
28
62
156
78
460
215
245
$2.67
2. 42
2.95
2.57
2. 36
2.69
2. 39
2. 96
146
139
20
_
2
2
_
.
_
-
8
6
2
2. 36
2. 32
2.59
-
-
98
3.29
.
.
55
2.67
20
20
22
22
_
2
_
_
15
8
7
_
2
2
1
4
4
8
2
6
_
8
8
22
14
8
2
2
32
32
9
9
6
31
16
13
5
8
13
1
10
.
_
104
92
12
82
82
4
21
21
9
8
16
6
62
48
14
54
30
77
18
59
4
3
9
5
-
2
2
_
1
_
20
10
8
5
20
10
8
5
-
-
-
18
4
8
1
1
1
2
30
14
_
26
6
"l
3
24
29
30
24
29
30
-
_
_
1
_
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
6
_
.
_
_
_
_
1
-
-
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
_
_
_
_
_
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
_
_
Packing and shipping
Receiving clerks 2a / — --------- —
2
2
-
Maintenance
Electrician, maintenance (all
_
_
-
.
-
4
8
7
7
9
33
7
6
6
9
11
4
2
10
1
9
16
2
2
2
8
15
2
11
68
60
95
2
25
12
4
4
8
8
3
3
_
3
44
23
19
21
21
_
42
_
81
72
36
9
9
23
23
_
178
28
28
150
150
38
14
_
30
28
28
2
2
44
44
.
_
2
_
.
.
.
.
_
_
.
_
_
Firemen, stationary boiler
Machinists, maintenance (all
28
3. 48
265
3. 23
38
461
199
159
262
220
114
90
2. 35
2. 60
2. 49
2. 45
2. 69
2. 63
2. 53
2. 49
_
282
481
470
2.03
2. 16
2. 15
_
4
4
52
15
2. 39
2. 19
Mechanics, maintenance (all
Miscellaneous
Batchers (all tim ew orkers)-----r>y*» Knna« -
.
Print ahop
Tim*
Dry.rana rtporatnro
Tim*. .
_ __
Janitors, porters, and
cleaners (all timeworkers)---Laborers, material handling —
Tim*. ,
_
_ _
2
14
6
6
8
8
6
6
_
34
26
26
8
8
_
8
4
4
4
4
8
14
6
6
8
8
3 136
_ 137
137
69
59
59
27
67
67
47
100
100
61
61
19
17
3
3
26
22
5
2
2
22
9
2
2
8
6
9
1
_
38
38
23
23
14
2
_
4
2
2
2
2
42
Selected occupations—women
Grey room
Sewing-machine operators ------
_
2
2
_
Inspecting and putting—up
Inspectors, cloth, machine —
1
2
3
4
119
107
96
69
2.
2.
2.
2.
14
11
32
14
_
.
_
.
_
24
24
65
65
4
4
.
2
2
.
.
_
_
17
16
2
2
21
.
_
2
.
_
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Insufficient data to warrant presentation of separate averages by method of wage payment; (a) predominantly timeworkers, or (b) predominantly incentive workers.
Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately.
Workers were at $6 to $6. 20.
_
T a b l e 29. M e t h o d o f w a g e p aym ent
(P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in t e x t ile d y ein g and fin is h in g e sta b lis h m e n ts by m eth od o f w ag e p a y m e n t, U nited S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Regions
Method of wage paym en t1
United
States 2
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
A reas
States
South
east
G eorgia
M a sschusetts
New
J e rse y
New
York
North
Carolina
P ennsyl
vania
Rhode
Island
South
Carolina
New
York
P a tersonP h ilClifton—
P a ssa ic delphia
A ll w o r k e r s ----------------------------
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
T im e-ra ted w ork ers --------------------------------------F orm al plans -----— ------------------------ -— - ——
Single rate —--------— - — —-----------------------Range of r a t e s ----------------------------------------Individual r a te s --------------------------------------------
89
78
61
17
11
94
81
54
27
12
98
93
76
18
5
85
72
59
13
13
76
67
66
1
9
94
87
35
52
7
98
95
87
8
3
99
89
66
23
10
89
69
61
8
20
98
94
57
37
3
88
74
71
2
14
83
74
61
14
9
100
98
66
32
2
98
94
86
8
4
96
90
51
39
6
Incentive w o r k e r s -------------------------------------------Individual p ie c e w o r k ---------------------------------- Group p i e c e w o r k ----------------------------------------Individual b o n u s ------------------------------------------Group bonus ------------------------------------------------
l l
6
2
1
2
1
2
2
-
15
8
1
4
3
24
9
-
6
1
2
1
2
2
2
"
1
1
-
11
11
2
2
-
12
6
6
17
5
1
8
3
2
2
-
4
4
-
6
1
3
2
-
3
16
3
“
1
_
-
1 F or definition o f method o f wage payment, see appendix A.
2 Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately.
3 L ess than 0. 5 percent.
NOTE: B ecau se of rounding, sum s of individual item s may not equal 100.
T a b le 30.
S c h e d u le w e e k ly h ou rs
(P ercen t of production and o ffice w o rk e rs in textile dyeing and finishing establishm ents by scheduled weekly hours,
1
United States, selected region s, States, and area s, D ecem ber 1970)
States
Regions
W eekly hours
United
States2
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
South
east
G eorgia
M ass chusetts
New
J e rse y
New
York
North
Carolina
A reas
Pennsyl
vania
Rhode
Island
South
Carolina
New
York
Paterson—
P hila
Clifton— delphia
Pa ssa ic
Produ ction w ork ers
A ll w o r k e r s ----------------------------
100
100
100
100
100
Under 40 hours---------------------------------------------40 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------42 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------44 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------44% hours -------------------------------------------------45 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------Over 45 and under 48 h o u rs -----------------------48 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------50 h o u r s ------------------------------------------------- -----Over 50 h o u r s ----------------------------------------------
!
80
2
72
5
76
1
1
_
2
3
.
82
>
_
65
-
15
1
3
3
_
_
1
2
1
10
3
2
_
6
1
8
6
4
A ll w o r k e r s -----------------------------
100
100
100
35 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------37% hours ---------------------------------------------------38% h o u r s -------------------------------------------------40 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------44 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------48 h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------
5
3
2
87
1
2
5
3
5
88
20
11
7
62
-
_
"
"
7
5
_
1
1
_
3
_
_
100
100
86
10
72
_
100
100
74
_
81
13
_
_
_
_
_
_
9
2
1
3
6
2
14
6
1
_
_
-
_
19
3
8
6
11
7
"
100
100
100
100
22
10
1
57
24
18
_
100
.
_
88
4
4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
4
100
6
47
100
85
100
100
85
14
76
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
6
_
31
10
_
3
100
_
63
7
8
2
4
7
_
_
_
15
_
_
-
10
3
4
-
16
100
100
100
100
_
42
30
25
4
15
55
10
16
75
-
-
_
O fficew orkers
100
3
_
_
_
94
2
4
100
_
3
_
97
_
-
-
1 Data rela te to the predom inant w ork schedule of fu ll-tim e day-shift w ork ers in each establishm ent.
2 Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown separately.
3 L ess than 0. 5 percent.
NOTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s may not equal 100.
-
-
_
58
_
100
1
_
93
6
-
100
8
9
100
83
5
20
75
_
93
_
_
28
_
-
-
8
-
_
_
_
_
_
T a b l e 31.
S h i f t differential p r o v is io n s
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s by sh ift d iffe r e n t ia l p r o v is io n s 1 in te x tile d y ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , U nited S ta tes, s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S ta tes, and a r e a s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Regions
Shift differential
United
States2
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
92. 8
49. 4
49. 4
96. 4
94.9
84. 4
States
South
east
G eorgia
M asschusetts
98. 6
96. 1
49. 6
49. 6
Areas
New
Jersey
New
York
North
Carolina
Pennsyl
vania
Rhode
Island
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
_
_
82. 1
97. 4
97. 4
62. 2
_
_
39. 3
4. 1
..
_
9. 1
9. 7
95. 7
27. 5
27. 5
4. 3
7. 5
12. 6
_
84. 7
77. 2
73. 4
89. 9
37. 2
37. 2
South
Carolina
New
York
Paterson—
Clifton— Phila
delphia
P assaic
Second shift
W orkers in establishm ents having
s econ d -sh ift p r o v is io n s ------------------------------With shift d iffe r e n t ia l------------------------------U niform cents per h o u r -----------------------3 c e n t s ---------------------------------------------4 c e n t s ---------------------------------------------5 c e n t s ---------------------------------------------7 c e n t s ---------------------------------------------7 % cents ----------------------------------------8 c e n t s ---------------------------------------------10 c e n t s -------------------------------------------15 c e n t s -------------------------------------------20 c e n t s -------------------------------------------U niform p e r c e n t a g e s -------------------------5 p e r c e n t-----------------------------------------6 p e r c e n t ------------------------------------------10 percen t ---------------------------------------O th er-----------------------------------------------------With no shift d iffe r e n t ia l------------------------
96. 3
36. 5
33. 1
.9
2. 4
19. 8
2. 2
.7
.2
5.9
.5
.4
1. 5
.7
.2
.7
1.8
59. 8
-
6. 0
18.9
10. 5
-
14. 1
43. 4
-
66. 0
2. 8
3. 7
9 .2
2. 7
7.9
3. 4
.8
3. 6
2. 6
1. 4
98.
13.
11.
1.
2.
6.
4
6
4
4
5
6
-
-
-
1. 0
2. 1
84. 9
_
98.6
94.
87.
85.
2.
73.
1.
1.
1.
94. 8
59. 4
59. 4
54. 9
-
-
_
17. 5
20. 8
_
11. 3
_
_
_
_
_
46. 5
-
6 .9
_
11. 0
_
_
_
_
_
-
25. 7
9. 7
3. 0
13. 1
9 .4
_
_
3. 1
_
_
_
60. 1
8 .9
_
4. 4
_
_
_
31. 1
100. 0
5 .4
5. 4
_
5 .4
_
_
_
6. 2
_
_
_
_
_
3. 7
3. 7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
68. 2
7. 5
52. 7
86. 1
86. 1
86. 1
72. 3
72. 3
64.8
70. 3
62. 3
62. 3
2.9
31. 4
8 .9
_
98. 4
98. 4
66. 3
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
73. 3
73. 3
66. 8
_
46. 6
5.8
75. 5
59. 2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
94. 6
10. 0
_
_
13. 9
14. 5
7. 6
18. 7
_
_
18. 7
13. 5
6. 5
6. 5
_
-
-
91. 8
91. 8
91.8
51. 7
51. 7
51. 7
Third or other late shift
W orkers in establishm ents having third- or
other la te-sh ift p r o v is io n s ------------------------—
With shift d iffe r e n t ia l ------------------------------U niform cents per h o u r -----------------------2 % c e n t s -------------------------------------------5 c e n t s ---------------------------------------------6 c e n t s ------------------- --------------------------7 cents ---------------------------------------------8 cents ---------------------------------------------9 cents ---------------------------------------------10 c e n t s -------------------------------------------12 cents -------------------------------------------13 cen ts--------------------------------------------15 cen ts--------------------------------------------30 c e n t s -------------------------------------------U niform p e r c e n ta g e -----------------------------8 p e r c e n t ------------------------------------------10 percen t ---------------------------------------12 percen t ---------------------------------------O th e r-----------— — ----------------------------------With no shift d iffe r e n t ia l-------------------------
1
88. 3
81. 7
78.9
1. 3
47.8
.9
3. 7
.7
.5
21. 4
. 6
1
1.6
.
.4
.9
. 3
. 5
. 2
1.8
6. 5
76. 7
62. 4
62. 4
14. 9
16. 3
3. 1
20. 9
3.8
81. 4
81. 4
74. 1
-
.6
2.8
68. 4
5
9
7
0
1
4
3
2
-
5. 7
_
-
3. 3
2. 3
1. 0
-
-
-
4. 7
1. 4
2. 4
.8
2. 6
-
-
14. 3
2. 1
6. 6
-
4. 5
_
_
-
81. 1
56. 9
56.9
9 .4
15. 5
_
2 4.4
7. 6
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
35. 4
24. 3
93. 4
93. 4
93. 4
_
_
_
_
_
_
89. 0
_
_
64. 4
64. 4
4 3 .4
_
_
_
4. 1
_
_
39. 3
_
_
_
_
4. 4
_
_
_
_
11. 6
_
8 .7
3. 0
9 .4
~
R efers to p o lic ie s o f establishm ents either currently operating late shifts or having p rovision s coverin g late shifts.
Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately.
NOTE:
B e c a u s e o f rou n din g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u al to ta ls .
_
59.
4.
3.
3.
3
3
9
6
_
_
_
11.9
52.9
_
_
3. 1
_
_
_
_
_
_
“
_
_
7. 5
7. 5
_
_
_
_
_
_
11. 7
19. 2
_
_
_
_
_
_
99.
92.
92.
4.
87.
1
1
1
6
5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
78. 2
78. 2
52.4
_
_
5.8
_
46. 6
_
_
_
12. 3
_
_
_
_
7 .9
7. 0
12. 3
_
_
5. 1
_
_
_
85. 5
46. 6
6. 3
_
_
_
13. 5
-
_
T a b le 32.
S h i f t d if f e r e n t ia l p r a c t ic e s
(P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on la te s h ifts in te x t ile dy ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , U n ited S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Regions
Shift d ifferential
United
States 1
States
A reas
Rhode
Island
South
Carolina
New
Y ork
P a terson C liftonP a ssa ic
P hila
delphia
29. 4
26.8
25. 1
21.5
3. 0
-
25.7
9 .4
9 .4
9 .4
-
31.3
2 .3
2. 3
2 .3
-
16. 7
16. 7
8. 1
4 .4
2. 1
-
25 .2
25.2
2 5.2
18.7
3 .6
16. 5
16. 5
13.4
12.4
-
1.2
-20. 7
.6
1.8
1.8
2.6
16. 3
2 .9
-
1. 1
3. 1
3. 1
-
16. 2
16^2
16. 2
10. 6
1.0
1 .2
.9
_
2. 4
4. 1
4. 1
2. 2
-
3. 6
3.6
3.6
3.6
4. 0
4. 0
4. 0
4. 0
-
-
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
South
east
G eorgia
M a ssa chusette
New
J e rs e y
New
York
23.2
9 .5
9 .5
3. 3
4. 3
-
23.8
23.8
23.8
19. 1
2. 5
20. 5
20. 5
11.2
5.9
1.5
-
28. 7
7 .9
7 .9
1.2
2. 4
3. 1
-
1.9
13. 7
2. 2
-
2. 7
1.1
6.8
2.8
.6
3 .4
2. 5
-
16.7
10. 7
10. 7
9. 5
_
1. 1
-
8 .9
4.9
4 .9
.7
4. 1
4. 1
4. 1
-
2. 3
2. 3
-
-
-
-
1.6
_
2. 2
.4
4. 1
-
_
-
North
P en nsyl
C arolina
vania
Second sjttft
W orkers em ployed on second shift------------------R eceiving shift d iffe r e n t ia l-------------------------U niform cents per h o u r --------------------------3 c e n t s ------------------------------------------------4 c e n t s ------------------------------------------------5 c e n t s ------------------------------------------------7 c e n t s ------------------------------------------------7l/z c e n t s ----------------------------------------------
27.0
9 .4
8. 5
.3
.8
5. 1
.5
.3
23.9
10.9
10.9
1.9
4. 7
2. 2
-
23.9
23.4
20.5
15.9
1.0
1.3
29. 1
4 .2
3. 6
.4
.8
2. 1
-
22. 6
-
10 ce n ts -----------------------------------------------15 cen ts — —-----------------------------------------20 cen ts-----------------------------------------------U niform p e r c e n ta g e --------------------------------5 p e r c e n t ---------------------------------------------6 p e r c e n t ---------------------------------------------10 p e r c e n t ------------------------------------------O th e r --------------------------------------------------------R eceiving no shift d iffe re n tia l— — ----------------
1.5
.1
.1
.4
.2
( 2)
.2
.5
17.6
2.0
13.0
2.0
.3
2.2
1.1
.2
1.0
.7
.5
.4
.5
25. 0
22.6
13 5
12. 2
11.7
.3
8 .8
r2
.5
.2
( 2)
1.6
(2)
(2)
.1
.1
.5
1.2
7. 5
5.2
5 .2
.8
3. 6
3.6
2.6
-
18. 6
17 ! 2
16.7
.5
14. 1
.3
.7
.3
_
1.0
(2)
(Z\
_
_
_
2 9 .0
_
1.6
4 .9
4 .9
3. 6
-
T h ird o r other late shift
W orkers em ployed on third o r other
R eceiving shift d iffe r e n t ia l-------------------------U niform cents per h o u r --------------------------2 V2 cents — -----------------------------------------5 c e n t s ------------------------------------------------6 c e n t s ------------------------------------------------7 c e n t s -------------------------------------------------8 c e n t s ------------------------------------------------9 c e n t s -------------------------------------------------10 c e n t s ----------------------------------------------12 c e n t s ----------------------------------------------15 c e n t s ----------------------------------------------U niform p e r c e n ta g e --------------------------------8 p e r c e n t ---------------------------------------------O th e r --------------------------------------------------------R eceiving no shift d iffe re n tia l-----------------------
-
-
1.7
.3
2 .2
.2
_
_
2.6
-
-
-
-
.4
.4
.6
"
-
2. 3
1 Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately.
2 L ess than 0 .0 5 percent.
NOTE:
B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m ay not equal t o t a ls .
-
-
-
-
-
-
.5
1 .4
-
-
-
6. 1
4 .0
"
-
2. 3
'
-
-
7. 2
6. 2
6. 2
1.7
19.8
18. 1
18. 1
1.2
16.9
-
-
-
_
2 .2
1.0
3. 5
_
-
-
-
1.7
-
1.9
1.9
-
-
-
-
1.0
.1
-
-
3. 3
3. 3
-
-
3. 3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T a b le 33.
P a i d h o lid a y s
(P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o ff ic e w o r k e r s in te x tile dyeing and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r p a id h o lid a y s , U n ited S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Regions
United
States 1
Number o f paid holidays
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
States
South
east
G eorgia
M a ssa
chusetts
New
J e rs e y
New
York
Areas
North
C arolina
Pen nsyl
vania
Rhode
Island
South
Carolina
New
York
Pate r son CliftonP assaic
Phila
delphia
Produ ction w ork ers
A ll w ork ers
- ----
----------
-------- —
W orkers in establishm ents providing
paid h o l id a y s ________________________________
1 d a y ----------------------------------------------------------2 d a y s --------------.-------------------------------------------3 days ------- —
— ------— — 4 d a y s ______________________________________
5 days
- _
6 days
_ —
— _ - — — — — — _
6 days plus 1 half day
_ __ ---- — —
7 d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------7 days plus 2 half d a y s -----------------------------8 d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------8 days plus 2 and 4 half d a y s -------------------9 days
_
---9 days plus 2 half days
10 days —
—
10 days plus 2 half days
11 days
_ _
_
- - _
W orkers in establishm ents providing no
paid holidays
_ _
_
-------------—
100
97
1
1
6
5
31
16
(1
2)
6
1
9
(2)
6
1
4
(2)
11
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
lf)0
100
100
_
_
_
6
1
5
9
(2)
3
_
19
2
54
95
1
1
10
8
49
21
5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
100
49
5
31
16
_
_
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
100
_
_
_
_
_
17
_
49
2
2
8
_
_
2
100
_
_
_
_
_
4
_
_
_
10
_
2
_
4
_
80
100
_
_
_
_
9
_
7
_
8
1
2
_
27
6
39
89
3
4
3
1
59
16
_
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
100
_
_
_
_
_
8
7
18
_
8
_
10
_
46
_
4
100
_
_
_
_
3
6
_
6
_
24
_
61
_
_
_
_
97
_
_
9
11
49
19
_
10
_
_
100
_
_
_
100
_
_
_
_
100
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
14
30
13
14
-
5
100
100
100
_
_
_
1
10
10
_
40
1
32
4
_
1
3
-
-
“
_
_
_
_
_
_
6
_
_
2
3
_
25
8
55
_
_
2
_
84
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
17
_
20
_
7
11
-
-
3
-
-
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
_
100
_
_
_
_
_
_
100
_
_
100
.
_
O fficew orkers
A ll w ork ers
-
__ _
W orkers in establishm ents providing
paid holidays ________________________________
1 day- — __ __ __
2 days
_ __ _ --------- _ _ _ _ _ __ _
3 days
_ _
_
---- — — ---4 days _ ______
____
____ __ _
5 days
_ _
---_ --------------- _
6 days
__
-----_ _____ _
6 days plus 1 half day
7 days __
__ __ __ _ __ __
7 days plus 2 half days
8 days
_ __ _
_ _ ------8 days plus 2 half days
__
__ _
9 days _ __ —
— _
__ __
— __
100
99
(2)
1
2
5
27
18
(2)
14
1
12
1
7
1
10 days -------------------------------------------------------10 days plus 2 half days
__
11 d a y s ------ _ _ ---W orkers in establishm ents providing
no paid holidays
____
— __
2
(2)
9
100
100
100
_
_
_
_
2
100
_
_
_
_
_
9
7
1
_
15
_
35
_
35
4
_
1
6
_
18
7
6
_
9
2
100
99
(2)
1
3
8
45
25
_
17
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
45
1
1 Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately.
2 L ess than 0. 5 percent.
NOTE:
B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n ot eq u a l t o t a ls .
_
1
100
100
100
100
100
_
_
9
24
100
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
20
_
48
_
24
7
_
_
1
100
_
_
_
_
_
100
_
_
66
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
4
_
3
_
17
11
_
_
3
_
63
-
_
_
_
14
_
3
_
13
_
5
_
22
10
33
96
1
3
1
(2)
39
32
_
_
_
20
_
_
_
_
_
9
5
21
_
_
_
_
_
9
3
10
39
24
3
22
7
_
_
15
_
27
_
25
_
11
_
2
_
66
_
_
_
_
4
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
32
9
11
_
_
8
23
15
_
27
.
_
17
17
58
1
17
61
4
-
-
T a b l e 34.
P a id v a c a tio n s
(P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in te x tile dy ein g and fin ish in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith fo r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r pa id v a c a t io n s a ft e r s e le c t e d p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , U nited S ta tes, s e le c t e d r e g io n s ,
S ta te s , and a r e a s , D e c e m b e r )
U nited
S ta te s1
New
E ngland
M idd le
A tla n tic
A reas
Sta tes
R e g io n s
V a c a t io n p o l ic y
South
e a st
G e o r g ia
M assch u se tts
New
J ersey
New
Y ork
N orth
C a ro lin a
P e n n s y l
v ania
P a te r s o n —
P h ilC lifton —
delphia
P a s s a ic
R hod e
Islan d
South
C a ro lin a
New
Y ork
6
80
6
8
"
3
15
80
2
“
27
10
44
19
-
P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s — C ontinued
A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 2— C ontinued
A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 4
1 w e e k ----------------------- -----------------------------— -----O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ----------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ---------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and u n d er 4 w e e k s ----------------------------4 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 and und er 5 w e e k s ----------------------------5 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 5 and u n d er 6 w e e k s ----------------------------
4
1
49
1
35
1
A
(3)
( 3)
2
21
46
7
22
3
1
22
1
67
1
5
2
1
"
6
1
66
1
22
1
-
24
4
53
19
■
4
56
9
30
_
2
10
83
4
1
"
14
70
4
12
-
11
3
66
16
“
67
6
17
11
”
6
27
48
8
12
-
-
73
24
-
"
O ffic e w o r k e r s
A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
88
12
100
92
8
100
98
2
100
84
16
100
100
85
15
100
100
100
90
10
100
9,9.
(3)
100
100
100
100
7
-
"
100
74
26
100
100
■
100
100
■
100
100
“
(3)
39
60
( 3)
( 3)
2
45
53
-
32
66
1
1
37
63
( 3)
28
72
-
43
57
-
15
85
37
60
3
21
77
1
83
11
4
2
7
40
53
-
48
52
-
30
70
-
8
92
-
60
29
6
4
23
11
65
(3)
1
16
21
62
-
14
13
69
1
3
27
8
65
(3)
28
72
-
12
31
57
-
3
9
85
3
14
16
67
3
10
4
84
1
51
23
20
4
2
23
77
-
36
12
52
-
(3)
17
83
-
6
90
4
54
6
29
6
4
18
4
77
(3)
1
7
17
76
-
10
2
84
1
3
24
1
74
(3)
28
72
-
7
21
72
-
3
94
3
10
4
83
3
10
4
84
1
35
6
52
4
2
5
3
92
-
32
68
-
100
-
96
4
32
11
47
6
4
1
(3)
90
5
4
-
-
89
3
8
2
(3)
88
7
4
9
3
80
7
97
3
-
98
2
95
5
72
7
20
4
95
1
91
6
2
100
-
(3)
87
12
-
57
13
30
93
7
85
11
4
1
(3)
72
1
25
65
3
32
75
1
22
1
(3)
75
1
23
3
81
16
58
6
36
78
20
62
3
35
4
80
16
83
4
13
65
35
(3)
71
29
52
5
43
76
21
79
6
15
M eth od o f p a y m en t
W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g pa id
v a c a t io n s -----------------------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f-t i m e p a y m e n t -----------------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ---------------------------------------
93
-
A m ou n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 2
A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e :
U n der 1 w e e k -------------------------------------------------1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e n s ----------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
2
0 ]^—------ ----------------------------------— ----------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ---------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ----------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ----------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ----------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ----------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------O v er 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ---------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e :
1 w eek
-----------------------------------------------------------O v er 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ----------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ---------------------------3 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------
S ee fo o t n o t e a t end o f ta b le .
-
-
-
T a b le 34.
P a id v a c a tio n s — Continu ed
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o ff ic e w o r k e r s in te x tile dyeing and fin is h in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r p a id v a c a t io n s a ft e r s e le c t e d p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , U nited S tates, s e le c t e d r e g io n s ,
S ta te s , and a r e a s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
R e g io n s
V a c a t io n p o l ic y
United
S ta te s1
New
England
M id d le
A tla n tic
S tates
South
e a st
G e o r g ia
M assch u setts
New
J ersey
New
Y ork
A reas
N orth
C a ro lin a
P e n n s y l
vania
R h od e
Isla n d
South
C a ro lin a
New
Y ork
P a te r so n —
P h ilC lifton—
delphia
P a s s a ic
P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s
A l l w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
58
41
100
79
21
100
94
6
98
39
59
100
50
50
100
68
32
100
93
7
100
94
6
97
51
46
100
96
4
100
91
9
97
27
71
100
100
100
87
3
100
78
22
1
"
-
2
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
1
91
1
5
(3)
(3)
1
93
3
2
2
90
2
4
1
1
1
91
-
-
4
80
3
97
_
96
3
80
_
95
97
98
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
3
91
7
66
-
_
_
6
2
5
2
90
4
4
_
98
-
1
14
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
7
6
3
_
13
10
4
(3)
68
20
, ?v
(3)
(3)
-
2
15
60
20
1
2
-
_
_
89
3
6
98
2
45
50
5
_
_
_
_
_
79
10
9
98
2
2
59
37
_
_
_
2
M eth od o f p a y m en t
W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g paid
v a c a t io n s ------------------------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f-t i m e p a y m e n t -----------------------------P e r c e n ta g e p a y m e n t ----------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t p r o v id in g no paid
v a c a t i o n s ------------------------------------------------------------
_
A m ou n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 2
A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e :
U n der 1 w e e k -------------------------------------------------1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s --------------------------2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s -------------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
U n der 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s --------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s --------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s --------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s --------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s --------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s --------------------------3 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and u n d er 4 w e e k s --------------------------4 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e :
1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s --------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s --------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and u n d er 4 w e e k s --------------------------4 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 and u n d er 5 w e e k s --------------------------A ft e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e :
1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s --------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s --------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and u n d er 4 w e e k s --------------------------4 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 and u n d er 5 w e e k s --------------------------5 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------
See footn otes at end of table.
53
17
28
1
1
5
1
86
3
2
A
(3)
4
1
64
7
21
( 3)
/3\
1)
13\
( )
4
1
49
1
3.9.
(3)
3
( 3)
( 3)
_
_
57
41
2
_
7
59
32
-
1
10
7
76
5
2
2
1
-
-
93
81
9
7
2
-
1
3
1
_
2
-
-
1
33
2
62
50
25
19
3
1
-
_
1
2
2
-
-
1
24
1
68
1
3
2
1
23
-
63
-
12
-
“
7
1
86
2
1
_
-
-
31
4
65
_
_
6
1
78
5
7
24
4
65
_
_
_
_
_
6
1
66
1
23
24
4
53
-
-
-
6
_
3
_
_
_
_
22
53
22
80
3
14
-
_
1
3
_
_
5
6
84
4
1
10
8
73
6
3
2
_
_
2
5
77
15
_
_
_
95
93
-
_
3
2
1
4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
11
3
82
_
_
_
_
3
100
95
3
6
62
31
79
16
_
_
2
_
_
_
_
_
_
15
70
15
85
8
4
_
_
_
_
_
_
6
_
_
88
9
3
94
95
3
40
36
24
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
6
_
_
3
_
_
86
8
95
_
2
_
_
_
_
_
3
95
_
2
_
_
11
94
80
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
6
67
6
21
70
75
_
_
_
_
_
_
4
14
11
3
66
-
-
-
_
19
79
80
-
17
-
77
4
6
16
-
"
~
_
_
_
_
_
_
36
73
6
3
15
_
_
80
6
8
80
_
24
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
"
"
"
7
_
"
-
_
_
_2
_
59
_
_
_
_
_
79
16
4
_
_
3
15
_
_
_
_
6
_
39
34
13
10
4
_
_
_
7
46
20
13
10
4
_
_
_
4
1
_
_
85
10
3
2
13
-
_
..
6
-
_
_
_
_
41
42
12
-
1
4
6
_
11
3
71
-
21
11
60
6
3
_
72
10
18
25
2
-
_
_
_
_
2
23
39
28
31
_
55
25
20
63
20
14
4
33
22
33
6
3
2
_
_
_
_
_
67
17
16
_
_
_
_
41
10
37
_
_
_
12
_
_
"
2
-
T a b l e 34.
P a i d v a c a t i o n s — C o n tin u e d
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in t e x tile dy ein g and fin ish in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r pa id v a c a t io n s a ft e r s e le c t e d p e r io d s o f s e r v ice -, U nited S ta tes, s e l e c t e d r e g io n s ,
S ta te s , and a r e a s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
Regions
Vacation po licy
United
States1
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
States
South
east
G eorgia
Mass
chusetts
New
Jersey
New
York
A reas
North
Carolina
P ennsyl
vania
Rhode
Island
South
Carolina
New
York
Paterson—
FhilClifton—
delphia
P assaic
Off ic ewo r ke r s— Continued
Amount of vacation pay2— Continued
A fter 15 yea rs o f s e r v ic e :
1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s --------------------------2 weeks---------------------------------------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks -------------------------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------O ver 3 and under 4 w e e k s --------------------------4 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------A fter 20 yea rs o f s e r v ic e :
1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s --------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s --------------------------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s --------------------------4 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------5 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------
A
(3)
46
1
49
( 3)
A
(3)
(3)
46
1
(3)
,7.
(3)
-
-
-
63
1
30
1
3
1
(3 )
43
1
55
_
_
43
63
1
28
1
5
1
1
(3)
43
1
52
43
-
48
-
8
-
-
39
-
17
A
-
-
3
-
3
30
_
_
_
4
41
67
31
-
-
-
67
45
31
-
-
15
-
51
3
32
4
10
_
2
_
-
3
30
-
65
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
4
41
67
51
3
24
4
17
"
31
-
-
-
67
36
31
_
-
-
_
24
■
-
~
_
2
_
67
4
23
-
6
-
_
(3)
_
_
35
57
-
-
65
43
-
_
(3)
_
_
-
35
_
-
65
67
4
23
49
43
_
_
_
-
6
"
15
-
_
-
“
_
57
~
_
_
52
5
18
8
17
_
_
_
_
_
76
21
35
6
48
-
11
3
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
52
5
18
8
17
'
76
35
6
48
-
21
_
-
3
_
11
-
1 Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown separately.
2 Vacation paym ents such as percen t of annual earnings w ere converted to an equivalent tim e basis. P eriods of s e rv ice w ere a rb itra rily chosen and do not n ecessa rily reflectth e individual estab
lishm ent p rov isio n s fo r p r o g re s s io n . F or exam ple, the changes in proportions indicate at 10 years may include changes occuring between 5 and 10 years.
3 L ess than 0. 5 percent.
4 Vacation p ro v isio n s w ere virtu ally the same after longer periods of se rv ice .
NOTE: B ecuase of rounding, sum s of individual item s may not equal totals.
T a b le 3 5 .
H e a lth , in s u ra n c e , re tire m e n t p la n s
(P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in te x tile dy ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith s p e c i fie d h ea lth in s u r a n c e and r e t ir e m e n t p la n s , U n ited S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta tes,
and a r e a s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
R e g io n s
U nited
S tates 2
T yp e o f pla n 1
New
England
M id d le
A tla n tic
S tates
S outh
ea st
G e o r g ia
M a ssa
ch u se tts
New
J ersey
New
Y ork
A reas
N orth
C a r o lin a
P e n n s y l
v a n ia
R hode
Isla n d
South
C a r o lin a
New
Y ork
P ate r so n C lifto n P as s a ic
P h ila
delph ia
P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s
A ll w o r k e r s
__ _ _ _
-
__ -------
W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g :
L ife in s u r a n c e -----_
------ _
N o n c o n t r ib u to r y pla n s
A c c id e n t a l d ea th and d is m e m b e r m e n t
in s u r a n c e
N o n c o n t r ib u to r y p l a n s ___ ___ — __
S ic k n e s s o r a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s ic k
le a v e o r b o t h 3
_
--------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u ra n ce
N o n c o n t r ib u to r y p la n s
S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y , n o w a itin g
_____
__ __
p e r io d )
_
S ic k le a v e (p a r t ia l p a y o r w aitin g
p e r io d )
___
_
___
H o s p ita liz a t io n in s u r a n c e _ _ __
N o n c o n t r ib u to r y p l a n s ______________________
S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e
_
_
__ ___________ _
N o n c o n t r ib u to r y p la n s __ _ __ ____ __ _
M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e
N o n c o n t r ib u to r y p la n s _____________________
M a jo r m e d i c a l in s u r a n c e
N o n c o n t r ib u to r y p l a n s --------------------------------R e t ir e m e n t p l a n s 4
_
________
_ __
P e n s io n s
__ __
__
_
__ __
N o n c o n t r ib u to r y pla n s —
__
_ _
S evera n ce pay
___ ______
___ __
N o pla n s
_
__
_ _
See fo o t n o t e s at en d o f ta b le.
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
73
93
86
98
96
99
64
100
22
100
91
100
98
99
93
98
63
93
93
84
72
100
71
98
98
100
100
87
87
57
42
70
62
41
40
60
39
47
13
72
63
37
37
28
23
67
38
73
73
73
61
55
38
13
13
29
29
69
69
77
76
57
72
72
65
79
77
77
79
78
51
44
44
6
98
98
85
86
86
86
57
52
52
88
85
50
93
87
87
8
8
8
76
76
56
51
45
45
88
88
88
73
63
63
6
1
_
_
4
12
3
6
_
99
97
99
97
85
83
50
48
76
74
74
2
_
99
62
99
62
86
53
86
58
83
83
79
_
_
100
22
100
22
58
6
71
20
53
53
53
100
87
100
87
100
87
71
46
68
68
65
_
100
99
100
99
97
96
72
72
83
82
82
1
_
97
91
97
91
97
91
22
22
73
73
73
_
98
53
98
53
82
43
74
48
79
79
69
1
-
-
-
2
_
100
100
100
100
33
33
19
19
63
56
56
7
7
2
(5 )
99
72
99
72
87
63
73
52
80
79
76
1
1
_
_
98
91
98
88
96
86
51
38
68
68
66
1
2
_
_
_
-
_
_
17
94
91
94
81
94
81
34
34
77
74
74
3
6
100
76
100
76
90
66
96
72
95
95
95
100
100
100
100
100
100
17
17
80
80
80
-
-
10
100
100
100
100
100
100
83
83
84
82
82
2
100
100
100
100
68
68
50
50
83
70
70
13
T a b le 3 5 . H e a lth , in s u ra n c e , re tire m e n t p la n s — C o n t in u e d
(P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o ff ic e w o r k e r s in te x tile dy ein g and fin is h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith s p e c i f ie d h ea lth in s u r a n c e and r e t ir e m e n t p la n s , U n ited S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta te s ,
and a r e a s , D e c e m b e r 1970)
States 2
New
E n gland
M idd le
A tlan tic
A reas
States
R eg ion s
Type o f p la n 1
S outh
east
G e o r g ia
M assa
ch u se tts
New
Jersey
New
Y ork
N orth
C a r o lin a
P e n n s y l
v a n ia
R hode
Isla n d
South
C a r o lin a
New
Y ork
P a te rso n C lifto n P a s s a ic
P h ila
d elph ia
O ffic e w o r k e r s
A ll w o r k e r s
-----------------------------------------------
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
79
95
88
98
94
100
73
100
26
100
95
100
97
92
83
99
64
100
100
86
70
100
78
87
87
100
100
100
100
63
52
74
67
50
48
66
52
28
18
69
64
46
46
31
21
68
34
88
88
80
64
62
56
8
8
44
44
87
87
87
61
47
72
60
52
89
79
79
92
56
37
70
70
9
100
86
71
96
82
82
61
58
58
82
81
48
100
96
96
_9
_
100
46
38
57
52
52
95
80
80
100
83
83
47
31
23
61
47
30
11
33
18
9
82
5
28
25
96
94
99
96
85
83
61
59
52
51
51
1
4
100
74
100
74
88
66
82
60
84
84
61
l
84
74
94
84
91
81
48
38
46
46
46
12
99
55
99
55
85
46
92
50
78
78
31
100
100
100
100
37
37
15
15
73
68
68
5
5
91
85
91
80
91
80
32
32
78
71
71
7
9
100
90
100
90
92
82
73
63
87
87
72
80
80
97
97
92
92
45
45
39
39
39
100
100
100
100
100
100
96
96
46
46
46
100
100
100
100
76
76
43
43
87
78
78
9
W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g :
A c c id e n t a l death and d is m e m b e r m e n t
S ic k n e s s o r a c c id e n in s u r a n c e o r s i c k
S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y , n o w a itin g
S ic k le a v e (p a r t ia l p a y o r w a itin g
^JnjjpAp^TKi^nry’ pla ne
3
98
78
99
79
89
71
75
55
74
73
59
(*)
95
84
98
86
95
83
60
39
63
62
57
2
2
(5 )
100
26
100
26
44
17
81
54
66
66
66
_
100
85
100
85
100
85
76
39
69
69
61
100
99
100
99
98
97
80
80
48
48
48
_
_
_
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
1 I n clu d e s o n ly th o s e p la n s f o r w h ic h at le a s t p a rt o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r and e x c lu d e s le g a ll y r e q u ir e d p la n s su c h as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n and s o c i a l s e c u r it y ; h ow
e v e r pla n s r e q u ir e d b y S tate t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s a r e in clu d ed i f the e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t e s m o r e than is le g a ll y r e q u ir e d o r i f the e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e b e n e fit s in e x c e s s o f le g a l r e q u ir e m e n t s .
" N o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p la n s " in c lu d e o n ly t h o s e p la n s fin a n ce d e n t ir e ly b y the e m p lo y e r .
2 I n clu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th ose show n s e p a r a te ly .
3 U n d u p lica ted t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s i c k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly .
4 U n d u p lic a te d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s in p la n s ha vin g p r o v is io n s fo r p en sion s and s e r v a n c e p a y pla n s sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly .
5 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t .
NOTE:
B ecause o f roundings, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal totals.
A p p e n d ix A.
S c o p e and M e t h o d of S u r v e y
material (cotton or synthetic) was based on the pre
dominant type of material processed. Textiles contain
ing mixed fibers were classified in accordance with the
predominant fiber content. Broadwoven fabrics include
materials over 12 inches in width. Establishments pro
cessing silk textiles were classified with manmade fiber
textiles.
The establishments studied were selected from those
employing 20 workers or more at the time of reference
of the data used in compiling the universe fists.
Scope o f survey
The survey included establishments engaged primarily
in bleaching, dyeing, printing and other mechanical
finishing, such as preshrinking, calendering, and napping
of textiles (industry group 226 as defined in the 1967
edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual,
prepared by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget).
Establishments engaged primarily in dyeing and finishing
wool fabrics and knit goods, classified as industries
2231 and 225, were excluded from the survey. Also
excluded were separate auxiliary units such as central
and sales offices.
For purposes of this survey, the classification of an
establishment which processed more than one type of
The number of establishments and workers actually
studied by the Bureau, as well as the number estimated
to be in the industry during the payroll period studied,
are shown in table A-l:
Table A -1 . Estim ated num ber o f establishments and workers w ithin scope o f survey and num ber studied, textile
dyeing and finishing plants, Decem ber 1970
Number of
establishments3
Region,1 State, and area2
Within
scope of
survey
Actually
studied
Workers in establishments
Within scope of survey
Nonsupervisory
Total4
Production
Office
workers
workers
Actually
studied
Total
United States5 ........................................
426
198
72,617
60,378
4,498
51,563
New England...........................................................
Massachusetts............................................................
Rhode Island....................................................
Middle A tla n tic .......................................................
New Jersey.........................................................
Paterson—Clifton—Passaic...........................
New Y o rk ...........................................................
New Y o r k ....................................................
Pennsylvania.......................................................
Philadelphia..................................................
Southeast...........................................................
Georgia.........................................................
North Ca rolin a ............................................
South C a rolin a ............................................
74
31
24
193
96
63
62
50
35
24
130
39
19
12
81
37
25
29
21
15
11
68
12
28
18
10,986
5,626
2,796
14,653
7,810
5,417
4,032
2,800
2,811
1,574
44,189
4,120
14,513
19,719
8,884
4,471
2,385
11,912
6,330
4,392
3,323
2,335
2,259
1,295
37,318
3,684
12,256
16,663
767
443
181
905
535
398
206
119
164
95
2,649
151
816
1,279
8,330
4,506
2,103
8,404
4,368
3,229
2,612
1,526
1,424
980
33,530
4,029
9,044
15,442
16
69
32
The regions used in this study include: New England—Connecticut. Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and
Vermont; Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; and Southeast—Alabama. Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.
2 For definition of areas, see footnote 1, tables 21, 24, and 26.
3
Includes only establishments with 20 workers or more at the time of reference of the universe data.
Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate production and officeworkers categories.
Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study.
55
M ethod o f study
Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s
field staff. The survey was conducted on a sample basis.
To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a
greater proportion of large rather than small establish
ments was studied. In combining the data, however, all
establishments were given their appropriate weight. All
estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all estab
lishments in the industry, excluding only those below
the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe
data.
Establishm ent definition
An establishment, for purposes of this study, is de
fined as a single physical location where industrial
operations are performed. An establishment is not neces
sarily identical with the company, which may consist
of one or more establishments.
Em p lo ym en t
Estimates of the number of workers within the scope
of the study are intended as a general guide to the size
and composition of the labor force included in the
survey. The advance planning necessary to make a wage
survey requires the use of the lists of establishments as
sembled considerably in advance of the payroll period
studied.
P roduction and officew orkers
The term “production workers,” as used in this bul
letin, includes working foremen and all nonsupervisory
workers engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative,
executive, professional, and technical personnel and
force-account construction employees, who were utilized
as a separate work force on the firm’s own properties,
were excluded.
The term “officeworkers,” includes all nonsupervisory
officeworkers and excludes administrative, executive,
professional, and technical employees.
O ccupations selected fo r study
Occupational classification was based on a uniform
set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter
establishment and interarea variations in duties within
the same job. (See appendix B for these descriptions.)
The occupations were chosen for their numerical import
ance, their usefulness in collective bargaining, or their
representativeness of the entire job scale in the industries?.
Working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners,
trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and
probationary workers were not reported in the data for
56
selected occupations, but were included in the data for
all production workers.
Wage data
Information on wages relates to straight-time hourly
earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for
work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive
payments, such as those resulting from piecework or pro
duction bonus systems and cost-of-living bonuses, were
included as part of the worker’s regular pay; but non
production bonus payments, such as Christmas or yearend bonuses, were excluded.
Average (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each
occupation or other group of workers, such as production
workers, were calculated by weighting each rate (or
hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving
the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of in
dividuals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were
obtained by dividing their straight-time salary by normal
rather than actual hours.
The median designates position; that is, one-half of
the employees surveyed receive more than this rate and
one-half receive less. The m iddle range is defined by two
rates of pay; one-fourth of the employees earned
less than the lower of these rates and one-fourth earned
more than the higher rate.
T y p e o f finishers
Tabulations by type of finishers include (1) those
wholly or primarily engaged in dyeing and finishing
goods for the account of others on a commission basis
and (2) those wholly or primarily engaged in dyeing and
finishing goods for their own account or for the parent
company. Included in both types of plants are indepen
dent mills and those owned by textile producing
companies.
Size
of
co m m u n ity
Tabulations by size of community pertain to metro
politan and nonmetropolitan areas. The term “metro
politan area,” as used in this bulletin, refers to the
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by
the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through
January 1968.
Except in New England, a Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Area is defined as a county or group of con
tiguous counties which contains at least one city of
50,000 inhabitants or more. Counties contiguous to the
one containing such a city are included in the Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area, if, according to certain
criteria, they are essentially metropolitan in character
and are socially and economically integrated with the
central city. In New England, the city and town are ad
ministratively more important than the county and they
are the units used in defining Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Areas for that region.
Supplem entary wage provisions
Labor-management agreements
Separate wage data are presented, where possible, for
establishments with (1) a majority of the production
workers covered by labor-management contracts, and
(2) none or a minority of the production workers covered
by labor-management contracts.
Supplementary benefits were treated statistically on
the basis that if formal provisions were applicable to
half or more of the production workers (or officeworkers) in an establishment, the benefits were con
sidered applicable to all such workers. Similarly, if fewer
than half of the workers were covered, the benefit was
considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of
length-of-service and other eligibility requirements, the
proportion of workers receiving the benefits may be
smaller than estimated.
M ethod o f wage paym ent
Paid holidays. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day
Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to
the number of workers paid under the various time and
incentive wage systems. Formal rate structures for time
rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for
individual job categories. In the absence of a formal rate
structure, pay rates are determined primarily by the
qualifications of the individual worker. A single rate
structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all
experienced workers in the same job classification.
Learners, apprentices, or probationary workers may be
paid according to rate schedules which start below the
single rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job
rate over a period of time. Individual experienced
workers occasionally may be paid above or below the
single rate for special reasons, but such payments are
regarded as exceptions. Range of rate plans are those
in which the minimum or maximum rates paid experi
enced workers for the same job are specified. Specific
rates of individual workers within the range may be
determined by merit, length of service, or a com
bination of various concepts of merit and length of ser
vice. Incentive workers are classified under piecework or
bonus plans. Piecework is work for which a predeter
mined rate is paid for each unit of output. Production
bonuses are based on production over a quota or for
completion of a task in less than standard time.
and half-day holidays provided annually.
Paid vacations. The summaries of vacation plans are
limited to formal arrangements, excluding informal plans,
whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion
of the employer or supervisor. Payments not on a time
basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 per
cent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of
1 week’s pay. The periods of service for which data are
presented represent the most common practices, but
they do not necessarily reflect individual establishment
provisions for progression. For example, the changes in
proportions indicated at 10 years of service may include
changes which occurred between 5 and 10 years.
Health , insurance , and retirem ent plans. Data are pre
sented for health, insurance, pension and retirement
severance plans for which all or part of the cost is
borne by the employer, excluding only programs re
quired by law, such as workmen’s compensation and
social security. Among the plans included are those
underwritten by a commercial insurance company, and
those paid directly by the employer from his current
operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose.
Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance.
Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type
of insurance under which predetermined cash payments
are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly
basis during illness or accident disability. Information is
presented for all such plans to which the employer con
tributes at least a part of the cost. However, in New York
and New Jersey, where temporary disability insurance
laws require employer contributions,1 plans are included
only if the employer (1) contributes more than is legally
required, or (2) provides the employees with benefits
which exceed the requirements of the law.
Scheduled weekly hours
Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work
schedule for full-time production (or office) workers
employed on the day shift, regardless of sex.
S h ift provisions and practices
Shift provisions relate to the policies of establish
ments either currently operating late shifts or having
formal provisions covering late-shift work. Practices re
late to workers employed on late shifts at the time of
the survey.
1
T h e te m p o r a r y d isa b ility in su ra n ce law s in C a lifo r n ia an d
R h o d e Islan d d o n o t re q u ire e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s .
57
Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to
formal plans which provide full pay or a proportion of
the worker’s pay during absence from work because of
illness; informal arrangements have been omitted. Sepa
rate tabulations are provided according to (1) plans
which provide full pay and no waiting period, and
(2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period.
Medical insurance refers to plans providing for com
plete or partial payment of doctor’s fees. These plans
may be underwritten by a commercial insurance com
pany or a nonprofit organization, or they may be a form
of self-insurance.
Major medical insurance, sometimes referred to as
extended medical insurance, includes the plans designed
to cover employees for sickness or injury involving an
expense which exceeds the normal coverage of hospital
ization, medical, and surgical plans.
Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to
plans which provide regular payments for the remainder
of the retiree’s life. Data are presented separately for
retirement severance pay (one payment or several over
a specified period of time) made to employees on retire
ment. Establishments providing both retirement sever
ance payments and retirement pensions to employees
were considered as having both retirement pension and
retirement severance plans. Establishments having op
tional plans providing employees a choice of either retire
ment severance pay or pensions were considered as
having only retirement pension benefits.
58
A p p e n d ix B .
Occupational D escriptions
The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to
assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed
under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to
establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage
rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment
and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may
differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for
other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field staff are instructed
to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and part-time,
temporary, and probationary workers.
GREY ROOM
La yo u t man, grey goods
Sewing-machine operator
Lays out grey goods with same side up (cloth
face or back) in preparation for sewing the pieces
into a continuous strip for further processing. Work
involves m ost o f the follow ing: Opens package of
grey goods; removes pieces of cloth and lays out
at full length on a platform or truck; and marks
pieces as required.
Operates a sewing machine to join the ends of grey
goods, thus making a continuous strip of cloth for
processing.
Singer operator
Burns nap off cloth by running it through a singe
ing machine.
BLEACHING
For wage study purposes, boiloff-machine operators
are classified by type of textile as follows:
Boil o ff m achine-operator
Operates one or more boiloff machines to boil cloth
or yarn in lye, alkali, or other chemical solution as one
of the preliminary bleaching operations to remove im
purities such as gum, dirt, or resin. Work involves m ost
o f the follow ing: Filling separate compartments of tank
with water; dumping chemicals and soap into first vat or
compartment and regulating valves admitting steam to
heat the resulting liquors; loading cloth or yarn into
machine by hand or mechanical means; regulating speed
of machine and checking temperature of liquor; and
checking shrinkage of cloth by measuring distance be
tween markers attached to selvage of cloth.
G o th
Yarn
Cloth-m ercerizer operator
(Lusterer; mercerizer; mercerizer-machine operator;
mercerizing-range controller)
Operates a series (range) of consecutive machines to
give cotton cloth a silklike luster. Work involves m o st
o f the follow ing: Mounts roll of cloth on machine and
59
threads end of cloth through rollers which immerses
cloth in caustic soda solution; starts machinery and, as
cloth comes through mangle rollers, starts end of cloth
through tenter frame which stretches and dyes it; and
starts end of cloth from tenter frame through rollers of
pressing mangle and folding attachment.
mercerizing solutions and maintains correct propor
tions in the mercerizer. May relieve other workers
and assist in making minor repairs to mercerizer.
Continuous bleach range operator
Jointly operates J boxes, saturators, and washers
of a continuous bleach range. Work involves: Testing
concentrations of solutions in saturators and main
taining proper strength and supply; and threading
machines and watching for tangles and breaks.
Cloth-m ercerizer operator, assistant
(A cid man; mercerizing-machine-hand helper)
Assists the operator of a cloth mercerizing machine.
Under the direction of the operator, mixes various
DYEING
Dyeing-m achine tender, cloth
Dyeing-m achine tender, y a m
Operates one of the various types of dyeing machines
such as beck, box, jig, pad, continuous, etc., to dye cloth.
Work involves m ost o f the follow ing: Threading cloth
through machine; operating valves admitting dye or
liquor into the trough or vat of machine; observing pass
age of cloth to eliminate tangling or overlapping; reg
ulating speed of machine and adjusting it for proper
number of dips cloth is to receive; washing out vat after
each batch; and cleaning and oiling machine.
For wage study purposes, dyeing-machine tenders,
cloth are classified according to type of machine oper
ated, as follows:
Prepares and operates one or more of the various
types of dyeing machines or kettles used to dye yam.
Work involves: Mixing dye colors, acids, and soap and
water according to formula, and pouring solution into
kettle or tank of machine, or opening and controlling
valves which supply dyeing equipment with dyeing
solution and water; loading material into machine or
kettle; controlling steam valves to heat solution; start
ing and stopping the rotating or revolving mechanism
of the machine; and removing dyed batch, draining
solution from kettle or machine and rinsing equip
ment for next batch. May use mechanical hoist to
lower or raise kettle baskets or other parts of equip
ment. Workers operating “package dyeing” machines
that dye yarn in pressure vessels are included in
this classification.
Beck o r box
Continuous range
Jig
Pad
PRINTING
Ager operator
specting cloth leaving machine for proper aging and as a
result, adjusting flow of acid from reservoir to ager and
regulating steam pressure to effect exact quality of aging
required; dipping ammonia into box on machine; sewing
on new pieces of cloth as truck becomes empty and rip
ping cloth apart as truck of steamed cloth is filled; and
starting and stopping, oiling, and cleaning machine.
Develops and fixes colors in dyed or printed cloth by
running cloth through ager containing steam and am
monia or acetic acid and ammonia. Work involves
m ost o f the follow ing: Supplying ager with necessary
materials, hand trucking cloth from dyeing or printing
department, and carrying acid or ammonia in buckers;
draining used ad d from acid box and placing new acid
into reservoir observing cloth feeding into and out of
machine, making sure that cloth feeds evenly; exam
ining cloth entering machine for printing defects; in
B ack tender, printing
Tends the back part of the printing machine. Work
involves m o st o f th e follow ing: Assisting in preparing
60
machine for operation by placing cloth and printing roll
ers in position; adjusting printing rollers to properly
pitch the pattern; setting doctors in place; threading
cloth through machine; using a portable sewing machine
to sew pieces of white cloth together to make a contin
uous strip for printing; regulating cloth-tension screws;
maintaining steam pressure in drying cans; cleaning
printing rollers when machine is stopped; and removing
doctors and color boxes and washing the rollers.
Printer,
Printer, screen
Prints designs on fabric by forcing colors through a
silk screen which has been treated so that only certain
areas will permit ink to flow through.
For wage study purposes, printers, screen, are clas
sified as follows:
A u tom atic fla t screen
A u tom atic rotary screen
Hand
Include workers operating automatic carriages on
screen printing tables.
machine
(C loth printer; printing-machine tender , cloth )
Operates a printing machine to print designs of
one or more colors on cloth. Work involves: Setting
up and preparing machine for operation by alining
and fitting the various rollers, color boxes, and doctors;
regulating speed of printing machine; observing cloth
for imperfections as it is printed; making necessary
adjustments to maintain required specifications; and
tending press while in operation. Directs the back
tender and other members of the printing-machine
crew.
Printing-machine helper
(Spare hand)
Acts as a general all-around assistant to printer, doing
heavy and dirty work connected with cloth printing. In
volves work such as: Assisting back tender to set up rolls
of cloth and to take down color boxes and brushes at
night; rubbing excess color off brushes into proper pans,
emptying colors into tubs, and trucking pans and brushes
out to be washed; and washing floor around machine.
FINISHING
Calender tender
ulates the linear speed of the machine and the steam
and/or temperature supply (may assist men at feeding
or delivery end of range in placing or removing rolls).
Includes also the ta k e-o ff man at the delivery end
of the range who checks the width of the goods, checks
whether goods are properly dry; and takes off the com
pleted roll, replacing it with an empty shell.
Operates a calendering machine that presses and im
parts a luster to the cloth. Work involves m ost o f the
following: Positioning roll of cloth goods on machine
and threading it through the calendering rolls; reg
ulating and adjusting pressure and/or speed of rolls;
regulating the heating of the cylinder; and cleaning and
oiling the machine.
Mangle tender
For wage study purposes, operators of “palmer”
machines that are used to press finished cloth are in
cluded in this classification.
(Clothfinishing-machine operator; cloth presser; man
gle ranger; trojan ironer)
Operates one or more types of mangles to starch and
press cloth in preparation for dyeing or printing, to
mercerize cloth, or to give it a finish. Work involves:
Washing rollers of machine; controlling valves admit
ting water, starch, or other fluid to trough of mangle;
threading cloth through an expander attachment which
stretches cloth to its full width, and into rollers (usu
ally by sewing cloth with sewing machine to leader
cloth already threaded through machine); and setting
and adjusting pressure of rollers to obtain required
finish. In addition, may also tend other devices attached
to machine, such as tenter frames or dry cans.
Finishing-range operator
Tends any of the several (usually three) positions of a
finishing range, used to apply finish mixture to cloth. In
cludes feeder at front end of machine who watches for
correct feeding of goods, removing folds, straightening
selvages, etc., securing and placing new rolls of cloth
onto machine, and sewing goods together, end-to-end.
Includes also the operator at the middle of the range
who controls the finish mixture in the pad by adding
chemicals as required; adjusts pins or clips of the tenterframe unit which determine the width of the cloth; reg
61
Sanforizer operator
Tenter-fram e tender
Operates special type of shrinking machine to pre
shrink cloth. Work involves: Preparing machine for
operation by regulating roller and conveyor speeds
of the various machine sections according to pre
determined shrinkability of cloth; threading machine
by guiding end of bolt of cloth over and under
several rollers, guides, and other mechanisms which
feed and draw the cloth through the machine along
the dampening, drying, and stretching elements; start
ing machine and standing by while c lo th . is auto
matically fed and drawn through; changing machine
speeds and straightening tangled cloth; and deter
mining shrinkage of cloth by washing, drying, and
ironing cloth and noting amount of shrinkage which
has taken place.
Tends the operation of tentering machine that dries
cloth, stretches it to original width and pulls the
threads straight, after any of the several processes such
as dyeing, starching, finishing, or printing. Work involves
m ost o f the follow ing: Adjusting, by screws, position of
pins or clips to determine width of cloth; regulating,
either passage of steam through drying pipes, or the tem
perature in hot air drying chamber, or else adjusting the
height of the gas flames on the machine; setting roll of
cloth on unwinding spindle; threading end of cloth
through tension rollers and over endless band of clips
or pins; attaching edge of cloth to clips or pins; re
moving cloth from take-off end of machine; and sewing
end of cloth of preceding roll to end of new roll by
means of a sewing machine.
IN SPECTING A N D P U T T IN G -U P
Double-and roll-machine operator
Operates a machine to double cloth lengthwise and
roll it into bolts, or rolls, or onto wooden frame for
delivery to customer. Work involves: Mounting rolls of
finished cloth on machine; mounting flat board centers
on winding spindles; threading cloth around guide rollers
and over triangle folding device and wrapping a few
turns around board centers; keeping fold in exact center
of cloth by making necessary adjustment when needed;
cutting cloth when required length is wound and past
ing sticker on bolt showing yardage as indicated on dial
of measuring device.
Inspector, cloth , hand
(Examiner , cloth, hand)
Inspects and examines dyed, finished, or grey cloth
for such qualities and characteristics as color, shade,
bulk, finish, dimensions, and defects. Work involves
m ost o f the following: Unfolding and examining folds
of cloth previously indicated as defective, or examining
each fold of the entire cut of cloth, or pulling cloth over
an inspection frame and examining it in natural light;
marking and/or indicating the location of imperfections
with chalk or thread; using handtools, such as burling
iron, cloth nippers, scissors, or weaver’s comb to remove
knots, slubs, or loose threads, or to spread evenly yarn
over thin places; determining if cloth is of standard
quality; and grading and measuring cloth and recording
this information on work ticket or other record. In
ee
addition, may examine yarn for size and test strength
of cloth.
Inspector, clo th , machine
(Examiner , cloth, machine)
Operates examining machine to inspect grey cloth or
dyed and finished cloth for defects or imperfect proc
essing. Work involves: Mounting roll of cloth on axle of
machine; threading cloth over rollers and inspection
board to take-up beam, wrapping end around beam,
setting yardage indicator, and starting machine; watch
ing for flaws in cloth and irregularity of colors or shade;
stopping machine and marking location of defects; and
removing inspected cloth and recording yardage, number
of defects, and similar information.
W inder, cloth
Operates a machine to wind lengths of finished cloth
in “bolt” or “ tube” form. Duties involve: Mounting roll
of cloth in machine and threading cloth in machine;
starting cloth on winding frame and setting yardage
indicator; observing cloth for imperfections during wind
ing operation; cutting or tearing cloth apart when re
quired yardage has been wound, and removing com
pleted “bolt” or “ tube” from machine; and indicating
yardage on tag or sticker and attaching it to “bolt” or
“tube.”
Winder, yarn
(Winder; reeler; quiller; spooler; tuber)
Tends the operation of one or more of the various
types of machines used to wind yarn from one form to
another for shipment or to facilitate handling in later
processing. Work involves: placing skeins, bobbins, or
cones of yarn on reels or spindles of machine; threading
yarn through the various guides; piecing up broken ends
by twisting or tying the two ends together; and re
moving full winding bobbins, cones, tubes, or quills and
replacing them with empty ones.
P A C K IN G A N D SHIPPING
Packer, shipping
Prepares finished products for shipment or storage
by placing them in shipping containers, the specific
operations performed being dependent upon the type,
size, and number of units to be packed, the type of
container employed, and method of shipment. Work re
quires the placing of items in shipping containers and
m ay involve one o r more o f the follow ing: Knowledge
of various items of stock in order to verify content;
selection of appropriate type and size of container; in
serting enclosures in containers; using excelsior or other
material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and seal
ing container; and applying labels or entering identifying
data on container. Packers who also make w ooden boxes
responsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or
other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of
of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means
of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the
goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight
and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping re
cords. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise
for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or
directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments
against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; check
ing for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing
merchandise or materials to proper department; and
maintaining necessary records and files.
For wage study purposes, workers are classified as
follows:
or crates are exclu ded
Shipping clerk
Receiving clerk
Shipping and receiving clerk
Shipping and receiving clerk
Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is
M AIN TEN AN CE
training and experience usually acquired through a for
mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
Electrician, maintenance
Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such
as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment
for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric
energy in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the
following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of elec
trical equipment such as generators, transformers, switch
boards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating
units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment;
working from blueprints, drawings, layout, or other
specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the
electrical system or equipment; working standard com
putations relating to load requirements of wiring or elec
trical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general,
the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded
Firem en, stationary boiler
Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in
which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels
to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or
oil burner; and checks water and safety valves. May
clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment.
Machinist, maintenance
Produces replacement parts and new parts in making
repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated
in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the follow ing:
Interpreting written instructions and specifications; plan
63
ning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma
chinist’s handtools and precision measuring instruments;
setting up and operating standard machine tools; shap
ing of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard
shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tool
ing, feeds and speeds of machining. Worker must have
knowledge of the working properties of the common
metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment
required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts
into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’s
work normally requires a rounded training in machineshop practice usually acquired through a formal appren
ticeship or equivalent training and experience.
ical equipment; installing, alining and balancing new
equipment; and repairing buildings, floors, stairs; also
making and repairing bins, cribs, and partitions.
M echanic, maintenance
Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an
establishment. Work involves m ost o f the follow ing:
Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diag
nose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantl
ing machines and performing repairs that mainly involve
the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; re
placing broken or defective parts with items obtained
from stock; ordering the production of a replacement
part by a machine shop or sending the machine to a
machine shop for major repairs; preparing written spe
cifications for major repairs or for the production of
parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines;
and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In
general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires
rounded training and experience usually acquired through
a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience. Excluded from this classification are work
ers whose prim ary duties involve setting up or ad
justing machines.
M aintenance man, general u tility
Keeps the machines, mechanical equipment and/or
structure of an establishment (usually a small plant
where specialization in maintenance work is impractical)
in repair. Duties involve the performance of operations
and the use of tools and equipment of several trades,
rather than specialization in one trade or one type of
maintenance work only. Work involves a com bination o f
the follow ing: Planning and laying out of work relating
to repair of buildings, machines, mechanical and/or
electrical equipment; repairing electrical and/or mechan
M ISCELLAN EO US
Batcher
Dye-can operator
Operates machine used for winding cloth preparatory
to further processing, such as bleaching, dyeing, or
printing. Duties involve: Threading cloth through ma
chine rollers, adjusting rollers for tension; placing empty
cylindrical shell on winding axle; starting machine;
maintaining correct tension on cloth by pressing guide bar;
and stopping machine when end of cloth is reached. May
sew end of new piece of cloth to preceding piece in ma
chine by portable sewing machine.
(Can man , drying; can runner; can tender; drier
operator; drier tender; dry-can tender; drying-can man;
drying-machine tender)
Dries cloth in any of several departments by machine
consisting of many large hollow cylinders (cans) ar
ranged horizontally in tiers, geared to turn together, and
filled with steam. Work involves m ost o f the following:
Cleaning the drying cans; threading end of cloth around
cans and attaching it to take-up roller; controlling valves
admitting steam to cans, and regulating pressure to
maintain correct temperature; regulating speed to permit
adequate drying; and observing cloth to see that it feeds
straight and smoothly into machine, and that dry cloth
comes out properly from delivery end. In addition, may
sew end of cloth from next roll to end of preceding roll.
C o lo r m ixer
Mixes and blends by hand or machine, according to
formula powder or paste colors or standards with one
another or with necessary ingredients to obtain desired
color or shade for use as dye stuffs for cloth or yarn
dyeing or as color for cloth printing or coating.
Janitor, porter, or cleaner
For wage study purposes, color mixers are classified
as follows:
(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)
Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory
working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office,
D ye house
Print shop
6 4
apartment house, or commercial or other establishment.
Duties involve a com bination o f the follow ing: Sweeping,
mopping o r scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing
chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, fur
niture, or fixtures, polishing metal fixtures or trimmings;
providing supplies and minor maintenance services; and
cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who
specialize in window washing are excluded.
Laborer, material handling
(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver;
trucker; stockm an or sto ck helper; warehouseman or
warehouse helper)
A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing
plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involves
one o r m ore o f the follow in g: Loading and unloading
various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars,
trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving,
65
or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage
location; and transporting materials or merchandise by
hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen , who
load and unload ships , are exclu ded
Washer tender
Operates a machine to wash cloth (or yarn) pre
paratory to bleaching or to treat it after various pro
cesses. Duties involve: Threading cloth, ends of which
are sewed together to form a continuous strand, through
the machine with the bulk of the cloth resting on
bottom of machine (or placing yarn in machine); filling
machine with water and adding necessary cleansing
materials; observing cloth to see that it runs properly
through the various guides and rollers; removing cloth
(or yarn) after it has been washed and rinsed; and oiling
and cleaning the machine. In addition, may place cloth
(or yarn) in extractor to remove excess water.
Industry W a g e s S t u d ie s
The most recent reports for industries included in the
Bureau’s program o f industry wage surveys since January
1960 are listed below. Copies are available from the
Superintendent o f Documents, U.S. Government Print-
I.
ing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402, or any o f its regional sales offices, and from the Bureau o f Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C., 20212, or from any o f its regional offices shown on the inside back cover.
Occupational Wage Studies
Manufacturing
Price
Basic Iron and Steel, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1602 .................................................................................................... $0.55
Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1732 ......................................................................... 45
Cigar Manufacturing, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1581
.......................................................................................................... 25
Cigarette Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1748 ........................................................................................................30
Cotton and Man-Made Fiber Textiles, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1637 ........................................................................ 1.00
Fabricated Structural Steel, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1695 ...................................................................................................50
Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1531 ..................................................................................................... 30
Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1576 .................................................................................25
Fluid Milk Industry, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1464............................................................................................................... 30
Footwear, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1 6 3 4 ................................................................................................................................. 75
Hosiery, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1745 ....................................................................................................................................75
Industrial Chemicals, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1529 .............................................................................................................40
Iron and Steel Foundries, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1626 ............................................................................................
1.00
Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1 6 1 8 ...........................................................................................55
Machinery Manufacturing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1664 ..................................................................................................... 65
Meat Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1677.................................................................................................................
1.00
Men’s and Boys’ Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1659 ........................................65
Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 6 ................................................................................
1.00
Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1690 ...........................................................................................60
Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1679 ..................................................................................................... 75
Nonferrous Foundries, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1726 .......................................................................................................... 50
Paints and Varnishes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1739 .............................................................................................................60
Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 9 .............................................................................
1.25
Petroleum Refining, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1526 ............................................................................................................... 30
Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 3 .............................................................................. 50
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1608 ......................................................................................60
Southern Sawmills and Planing Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1694................................................................................... 50
Structural Clay Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1697........................................................................................................65
Synthetic Fibers, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1740 .....................................................................................................................40
Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1965—66. BLS Bulletin 1527 ........................................................................................ 45
I.
O ccupational Wage Studies— C ontinued
Manufacturing— Continued
Price
West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1704 ................................................................................................. $0.45
Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1728 ..................................................................................35
Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1649 ..............................................................................................45
Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1 6 5 1 ............................................................ 60
Wool Textiles, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1 5 5 1 ..........................................................................................................................45
Work Clothing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1624 ....................................................................................................................... 50
Nonmanufacturing
Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1689..................................................................................................... 50
Banking, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1703 ....................................................................................................................................65
Bituminous Coal Mining, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1583 ..................................................................................................... 50
Communications, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1696 ..................................................................................................................30
Contract Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1644 ...................................................................................................55
Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1566 ................................................................. 30
Educational Institutions: Nonteaching Employees, 1968—69. BLS Bulletin 1671.................................................... 50
Electric and Gas Utilities, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1 6 1 4 ..................................................................................................... 70
Hospitals, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1688 .........................................................................................................................
1.00
Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1645 ...........................................................................................75
Life Insurance, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1569 ....................................................................................................................... 30
Motion Picture Theaters, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1542 ........................................................................................................35
Nursing Homes and Related Facilities, 1967—68. BLS Bulletin 1638 ......................................................................... 75
Scheduled Airlines, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1734.................................................................................................................. 45
Wages and Tips in Restaurants and Hotels, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1712......................................................................... 60
II.
O ther Industry Wage Studies
Employee Earnings and Hours in Nonmetropolitan Areas of the South and North Central Regions, 1965.
BLS Bulletin 1552 ........................................................................................................................................................ 50
Employee Earnings and Hours in Eight Metropolitan Areas of the South, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1533 ................... 40
Employee Earnings and Hours in Retail Trade, June 1966Retail Trade (Overall Summary). BLS Bulletin 1584..................................................................................
1.00
Building Materials, Hardware, and Farm Equipment Dealers. BLS Bulletin 1584-1 ........................................30
General Merchandise Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-2................................................................................................ 55
Food Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-3 ..........................................................................................................................60
Automotive Dealers and Gasoline Service Stations. BLS Bulletin 1584-4 ....................................................... 50
Apparel and Accessory Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-5 ........................................................................................... 55
Furniture, Home Furnishings, and Household Appliance Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-6 ................................ 50
Miscellaneous Retail Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-7 ................................................................................................ 65
☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1972 O - 484-793 (126)
What Does Productivity Mean?
What’s Happening to Productivity?
How Can Productivity be Improved?
T h e M e a n in g a n d M e a s u re m e n t o f P r o d u c tiv it y
(BLS Bulletin 1714, 30 cents) Tells what pro
ductivity is and the different ways it can be
measured.
P r o d u c tiv it y a n d the E c o n o m y (BLS Bulletin
1710, 50 cents) A chartbook that presents
recent information on productivity and an
alyses it in a framework of related economic
trends.
Im p ro v in g P r o d u c tiv it y : L a b o r a n d M a n a g e m e n t A p p r o a c h e s (BLS Bulletin 1715,45 cents)
Describes formal efforts by labor and manage
ment to improve productivity concentrating on
plant-level practices that are within the control
of management and unions.
m a il
ORDER FORM
To: Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
Enclosed find $
„ (check, money order, or Supt. o f Documents coupons). Please send me
_____ copies o f The Meaning and Measurements o f Productivity (BLS Bulletin 1714, 30 cents)
--------copies o f Productivity and the E co n o m y (BLS Bulletin 1710, 50 cents)
- ___ copies o f Improving P roductivity: Labor and Management Approaches (BLS Bulletin 1715, 45 cents)
Please charge this order to
my Deposit Account
No....................................
PROM PT
S H IP M E N T,
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS DEPARTMENT
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20402
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
Federal Reserve
Louis
RETURN Bank
AFTERof5St.
DAYS
------Enclosed_____________
To be mailed
------later_________________
------Subscription__________
N a m e ________________________________________________________ ___________
Refund______________
Coupon refund_______
Street a d d r e s s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------City and S t a t e __________________________________________
FO R
FOR USE OF SUPT. DOCS.
PLEASE
PR IN T O R T Y P E
ADDRESS
ON
LABEL
BELO W
IN C LU D IN G
Y O U R ZIP C O D E
POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
N a m e ---------Street address
City and State
Postage---------------------
ZIP Code
ZIP Code
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
REGIONAL OFFICES
Region I
1603 JFK Federal Building
Government Center
Boston, Mass. 02203
Phone: 223-6762 (Area Code 617)
Region V
8th Floor, 300 South Wacker Drive
Chicago, III. 60606
Phone: 353-1880 (Area Code 312)
Region II
1515 Broadway
New York, N.Y. 10036
Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212)
Region VI
Region III
406 Penn Square Building
1317 Filbert St.
Philadelphia, Pa. 19107
Phone: 597-7796 (Area Code 215)
Region V II and V III
Federal Office Building
911 Walnut St., 10th Floor
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816)
Region IV
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree St. NE.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309
Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404)
Region IX and X
450 Golden Gate Ave.
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415)
* *
1100 Commerce St., Rm. 6B7
Dallas, Tex. 75202
Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214)
Regions V II and V III will be serviced by Kansas City.
Regions IX and X will be serviced by San Francisco.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BU R EAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
THIRD CLASS M A IL
WASHINGTON, O.C. 20212
O FFICIAL BUSINESS
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300
POSTAGE A N D FEES PAID
U.S. D EPAR TM EN T O F LABO R
LAB - 446
@FedFRASER