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INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Textile Dyeing and Finishing i A P R I L - M A Y 1961 Bulletin No. 1311 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. G oldberg, Secretary B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S E w a n C la g u e , C o m m is sio n e r INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Textile Dyeing and Finishing A P R I L -M A Y 1961 Bulletin No. 1311 N o v e m b e r 1961 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, W ashington 25, D.C. Price 35 cents Preface This bulletin sum m arizes inform ation on wages and supplementary p ra ctices for the textile dyeing and finishing industry in A pril—May 1961. Separate releases w ere issued ea rlier fo r the following States and areas: Georgia, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina; New Y ork City, Paterson—Clifton— P assaic, and Philadelphia. A prelim inary release p rov id ing national and regional data, was issued in August 1961. Copies of these e a rlier reports are available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington 25, D. C . , or from any of its regional o ffices. This report was prepared by F red W. Mohr of the Bureau's D ivision of Wages and Industrial Relations. Field w ork for the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional D irectors for Wages and Industrial Relations. in Contents P age Sum m ary ---- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Industry c h a r a c t e r is t ic s ------------------------------------------------------------------------A v e ra g e h ou rly earn in gs ------------------------------------------------------------------------O ccu pation al earn in gs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------E sta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p plem en tary w age p r o v is io n s ---------M inim um w age ra te s -----------------------------------------------------------------------S cheduled w eek ly h ou rs and shift p r a c t ic e s --------------------------------P aid h olid a ys ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P aid v a ca tio n s ______________________________________________________ H ealth, in su ra n ce , and p e n sion plans -------------------------------------------- 1 1 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 T a b les : A v e r a g e h ou rly e a rn in g s: By s e le c te d c h a r a c t e r is t ic s ------- 1. 7 E arn in gs d istrib u tio n : 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. A ll e sta b lish m en ts ---------------------------------------------------------------By plant ow n ersh ip --------------------------------------------------------------C otton te x tile s ______________________________________________ Synthetic te x tile s ------------------------------------------------------------------S e le cte d States and a rea s ----------------------------------------------------C otton and syn th etic b roa d w ov en fa b r ic s , s e le c te d States S e le cte d o ccu p a tion s ------------------------------------------------------------ 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 O ccu pation al a v e r a g e s : 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. A ll e sta b lish m en ts __________________________________________ B y plant ow n ersh ip _________________________________________ C otton b roa d w ov en fa b r ic s _________________________________ Synthetic b roa d w ov en fa b r ic s ______________________________ By s iz e o f com m u n ity ______________________________________ By s iz e o f esta b lish m en t ___________________________________ B y la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t co n tra ct c o v e ra g e and s iz e of com m u n ity ______________________________________________ By la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t co n tra ct c o v e ra g e and s iz e of esta b lish m en t ___________________________________________ By m eth od o f w age paym ent ________________________________ S e le cte d States and a rea s __________________________________ 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 E stab lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p plem en tary w age p r o v is io n s : 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. M inim um h ou rly en tra n ce and jo b rates __________________ Scheduled w eek ly h ou rs ____________________________________ Shift d iffe r e n tia l p r a c t ic e s _________________________________ P aid h olid a ys ________________________________________________ P aid v a ca tio n s ______________________________________________ Health, in su ra n ce , and p en sion plans _____________________ 27 28 29 30 31 33 A p p e n d ix e s : A. B. Scope and m eth od o f su rv e y ______________________________________________ O ccu pation al d e s c r ip tio n s _________________________________________________ 35 39 Industry W age Survey — Textile Dyeing and Finishing, April—May 1961 S u m m a ry The ea rn in gs o f p ro d u ctio n w o r k e rs in tex tile dyeing and fin ish in g e s ta b lish m en ts in A p r il—May 1961 a v e ra g e d $ 1 .7 1 an hou r, e x clu s iv e o f p re m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w o rk on w eek en ds, h olid a y s, and late sh ifts, a c c o r d in g to a su rv ey con du cted by the B ureau o f L a b or S ta tistics. 1 M en, accou n tin g fo r s o m e what m o r e than fo u r -fift h s o f the estim a ted 57, 300 p rod u ction w o r k e r s within the sco p e o f the study, a v e ra g e d $ 1 .7 6 an h ou r, c o m p a re d with $ 1 .4 5 fo r w om en . A v e ra g e h ou rly ea rn in gs o f $ 1 .5 6 w ere r e c o r d e d in the Southeast, $ 1 .7 8 in New England, and $ 2 .0 2 in the M iddle A tlantic re g io n . 2 N ationw ide, earn in gs o f individual w o rk e rs ranged fr o m $ 1 to m o r e than $ 3 an h o u r, with the m id d le h a lf earn ing betw een $ 1 .4 6 and $ 1 .9 0 . A p p ro x im a te ly 6 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e rs ea rn ed le s s than $ 1. 25 and 30 p e rce n t r e c e iv e d le s s than $ 1 .5 0 . A m on g the occu p a tion s s e le c te d fo r study, nationw ide a v era g e earnings ranged fr o m $ 1 .3 6 an hour fo r ja n ito rs to $ 4 .0 7 fo r m ach in e p r in te r s . D y e in g -m a ch in e te n d e r s , clo th , n u m e rica lly the m o s t im portan t jo b stu d ied , a v e ra g e d $ 1 .8 3 an h ou r. P a id v a ca tion s w e re p ro v id e d to n e a rly a ll, and paid h olid a ys to t h r e e fo u rth s, o f the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s . L ife , sick n e ss and a ccid e n t, h o sp ita liza tio n , and s u r g ic a l in su ra n ce w e re a v a ila ble to tw o -th ird s o r m o r e and re tire m e n t pen sion plans to tw o -fifth s o f the w o r k e r s . Industry C h a r a c te r is tic s T he in du stry is co n ce n tra ted in the th ree te x tile -p r o d u c in g re g io n s o f the cou n try. S lightly m o r e than o n e -h a lf o f the estim a ted 5 7 ,3 0 0 p rod u ction w o r k e r s w ithin the sco p e o f the study w e re em p loy ed in the Southeast, n e a rly o n e -fo u r th in the M iddle A tlan tic re g io n , and about o n e -fifth in New England (table 1). T he p r in c ip a l p r o c e s s e s em p loy ed b y the in d u stry a re the p re p a ra tio n o f the clo th (s c o u r in g , w ash in g, and b lea ch in g ), the a p p lica tion o f c o lo r (dyeing a n d /o r p rin tin g ), and the fin ish in g into a con d ition fo r con su m ers* u se (p r e sh rin k in g, ca le n d e rin g , napping, c h e m ica l fin ish in g fo r w ater r e p e lle n cy , e t c .) . L a r g e r e sta b lish m en ts g e n e ra lly p e r fo r m a ll o f th ese th ree types o f a ctiv ity ; in s m a lle r p la n ts, op era tion s m a y be lim ite d to su ch a ctiv itie s as b lea ch in g and dyein g o r to prin tin g on ly. A p p ro x im a te ly o n e -h a lf o f the p rod u ction w o r k e rs w e re em p loy ed in plants w h ere the p r o c e s s in g in clu d ed p rin tin g o f fa b r ic s ; this p ro p o rtio n was som ew hat m o r e than o n e -h a lf in cotton fa b r ic p r o c e s s in g plants co m p a re d with o n e -th ird in plants p r o c e s s in g synthetic fa b r ic s . M achine p rin tin g w as the m ethod u sed in e sta b lish m en ts with about tw o -fifth s o f the w o r k e r s . O ther m ethods r e p o rte d in clu d ed hand s c r e e n p rin tin g , autom atic s c r e e n p rin tin g, and la cq u e r and 1 See appendix A fo r sco p e and m ethod o f su rv ey ; a ls o fo r d efin ition o f p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s , as u sed in this study. 2 F o r defin ition s o f re g io n s and s e le c te d a r e a s , see table in appendix A . 2 flo c k prin tin g, but co m p a r a tiv e ly sm a ll p ro p o rtio n s in plants in w hich th ese w e re the predom inant types printing esta b lish m en ts a sin gle m eth od of printing plants in w hich m ach in e printing was the p rin cip a l prin tin g. o f the w o rk e rs w ere em p lo y e d o f prin tin g. In p r a c tic a lly all was em p loy ed , although a few m ethod a ls o did som e s c r e e n E sta b lish m en ts sp e c ia liz in g in the p r o c e s s in g o f cotton te x tile s a ccou n ted fo r a lm o st th r e e -fo u r th s o f the industry*s em ploym en t, synthetic (m anm ade) fib e r te x tile s bein g the p rin cip a l type p r o c e s s e d in m o st o f the rem ain in g e sta b lish m e n ts .3 T h r e e -fo u r th s o f the p ro d u ction w o rk e rs in the Southeast and tw o -th ird s in New England w e re in esta b lish m en ts p r im a r ily engaged in p r o c e s s in g cotton b roa d w ov en fa b r ic s . In the M iddle A tlantic re g io n , synthetic b roa d w ov en fa b r ic s w e re the p r in c ip a l p rod u ct p r o c e s s e d in esta b lish m en ts em p loyin g a lm o st t h r e e fou rth s o f the w o r k e r s . C otton y a rn o r th read p r o c e s s in g was the p r im a r y a ctiv ity o f e s ta b lis h m ents em ployin g about on e-ten th o f the w o rk e rs in the in d u stry . M ost o f th ese w o r k e rs w ere in the Southeast. E sta b lish m en ts with fe w e r than 250 w o rk e rs accou n ted fo r about tw o -fifth s o f the w o r k e rs in the in d u stry . In the M iddle A tlantic re g io n , th re e -fo u rth s o f the w o r k e rs w e re e m p lo y e d in esta b lish m en ts o f this s iz e , co m p a re d with a p p ro x im a te ly o n e -h a lf in New England and le s s than o n e -fifth in the Southeast. Slightly m o r e than o n e -h a lf o f the w o rk e rs w ere em p loy ed in m e tro p o lita n areas. The p r o p o r tio n v a r ie d in the m a jo r re g io n s— about o n e -th ird in the Southeast, o n e -h a lf in New England, and n ine-tenths in the M iddle A tla n tic. E sta b lish m en ts with c o lle c t iv e bargain in g a g reem en ts co v e rin g a m a jo r ity o f th eir w o r k e rs e m p lo y e d o n e -h a lf o f the p rod u ction w o rk e rs in A p ril—M ay 1961. Som ew hat m o r e than n in e-ten th s o f the w o rk e rs in the M iddle A tlantic re g io n , th r e e -fifth s in New England, and th re e-ten th s in the Southeast w ere em p loy ed in plants with such co n tr a c t c o v e r a g e . D yein g and fin ish in g plants owned by tex tile m anufacturing fir m s accou n ted fo r a p p rox im a tely o n e -h a lf of the p rod u ction w o rk e rs w ithin the sco p e o f the su rv ey . T h ese esta b lish m en ts em p loy ed sligh tly m o r e than fo u r -fifth s o f the w o r k e rs in the Southeast, o n e -fo u rth in New England and about on e-ten th in the M iddle A tlan tic re g io n . A m a jo r ity o f the w o rk e rs in th ese esta b lish m en ts w ere em p lo y e d in plants w hich p r o c e s s e d g ood s eith er w h olly o r p r in c ip a lly fo r the paren t com pan y. H ow ever, a p p roxim a tely tw o -fifth s o f the w o rk e rs in the Southeast, th re e -te n th s in the New England and o n e -fifth in the M iddle A tlantic te x t ile -m ill-o w n e d e sta b lish m en ts w e re em p loy ed in plants w hich w ere dyeing and fin ish in g g ood s eith er w h olly o r p red om in an tly fo r oth er fir m s on a c o m m is s io n b a s is . In the independent segm en t o f the in du stry (plants not owned by tex tile fir m s ), esta b lish m en ts p r o c e s s in g goods e x c lu s iv e ly on a c o m m is s io n b a s is accou n ted fo r p r a c t ic a lly a ll o f the w o rk e rs in the M iddle A tlantic reg ion ; plants engaged w h olly o r p red om in a n tly in dyeing and fin ish in g p u rch a sed te x tile s e m p lo y e d a p p ro x im a te ly o n e -th ir d o f the w o rk e rs in independent esta b lish m en ts in New England and o n e -fo u r th in the Southeast. 3 F o u r o f the e sta b lish m en ts v is ite d , with a total o f le s s than 250 w o r k e rs , w ere p r im a r ily engaged in p r o c e s s in g silk te x tile s . T h ese w ere in clu d ed in the tabulations fo r synthetic te x tile s . 3 M en accou n ted fo r som ew hat m o r e than fo u r -fifth s of the p ro d u ction w o r k e r s in the in d u stry ; a p p roxim a tely n in e-ten th s o f the w o r k e rs in the New England and M iddle A tla n tic re g io n s w e re m en, as co m p a re d w ith a lm o st fo u r fifth s in the Southeast. E arn in gs of sligh tly m o r e than on e-ten th of the p ro d u ction w o r k e rs w e re b a sed on in cen tiv e w age p l a n s .4 Such plans applied to about 16 p e rce n t o f the w o r k e r s in the Southeast and 8 p e rce n t in New England, but w e re a lm o st n on ex isten t in the M iddle A tla n tic re g io n . A v e ra g e H ou rly E arn in gs P ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in te x tile dyeing and fin ish in g esta b lish m en ts av era g ed $ 1 . 7 1 an hour in A p r il—M ay 1961, e x c lu s iv e of p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and f o r w o rk on w eek en ds, h olid a y s, and late s h i f t s .5 The estim a ted 4 7 ,4 4 5 m en in the in du stry a v e ra g e d $ 1. 76 an hour, co m p a re d w ith $ 1. 45 fo r the 9, 859 w om en . E arn in gs o f p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s a v era g ed $ 2 . 0 2 in the M iddle A tlan tic reg ion , $ 1 . 7 8 in New England, and $ 1 . 5 6 in the Southeast. Individual earn in gs ranged fr o m $1 to m o r e than $ 3 an hour (table 2). The m id d le o n e -h a lf o f the w o r k e r s had earn in gs w ithin a range o f $ 1. 46 to $ 1. 90. In New England, earn in gs o f the m id d le o n e -h a lf ranged fr o m $ 1. 61 to $ 1 . 8 6 ; in the M iddle A tlan tic reg ion , fr o m $ 1 . 8 6 to $ 2 . 1 0 ; and in the Southeast, fr o m $ 1 . 3 8 to $ 1 . ^ 5 . T w o p e r c e n t o f a ll p ro d u ction w o r k e rs earn ed le s s than $ 1 . 1 5 an hour, 6 p e r c e n t ea rn ed le s s than $ 1 . 2 5 , and 30 p e rce n t r e c e iv e d le s s than $ 1. 50. L e s s than 2 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e rs in the New England and M iddle A tlan tic re g io n s had h ou rly earn in gs under $1. 25, co m p a re d w ith 8 p e rce n t in the Southeast. N ationw ide, w o r k e r s in e sta b lish m en ts s p e cia liz in g in synthetic te x tile s a v era g ed $ 1 . 8 9 an hour, c o m p a re d w ith $ 1 . 6 4 fo r w o r k e rs in cotton tex tile p r o c e s s in g plan ts. In the M iddle A tlan tic reg ion , w hich accou n ted fo r a p p rox im a tely th r e e -fifth s of the w o r k e r s in the synthetic te x tile p r o c e s s in g plants, w o r k e rs in synthetic te x tile p r o c e s s in g a v e ra g e d 12 cen ts an hour m o r e than th ose em p loy ed in cotton te x tile p r o c e s s in g plants ( $ 2 . 05 co m p a re d w ith $ 1. 93). In the Southeast and New England re g io n s , on the oth er hand, w h ere cotton tex tile p r o c e s s in g w as predom in an t, w o r k e r s p r o c e s s in g co tton fa b r ic s a v era g ed 8 cen ts m o r e ($ 1. 56 and $ 1 . 4 8 ) and 1 cen t m o r e ( $ 1 . 7 8 and $ 1 . 7 7 ) , r e s p e ctiv e ly , than w o r k e rs in e s ta b lish m en ts p r o c e s s in g syn th etic te x tile s . In esta b lish m en ts p r im a r ily p r o c e s s in g cotton broa d w ov en fa b r ic s , w o r k e r s a v era g ed $ 1 . 9 7 an hour in the M iddle A tlan tic reg ion , $ 1 . 7 9 in New England, and $ 1 . 5 9 in the Southeast. A m on g the States fo r w hich sep a ra te data a re p re se n te d fo r th e se e sta b lish m en ts, earn in gs a v era g ed $ 1. 91 an hour in Rhode Island, $ 1 . 7 5 in M a ssa ch u se tts, $ 1 . 6 0 in N orth C arolin a, and $ 1 . 4 5 in G e o rg ia (table 7). 6 4 Individual p ie c e rates w e r e m o st p rev a len t am ong th ese w o r k e rs , although in dividu al bonus paym ents and p ie c e -r a t e and bonus earn in gs ba sed on the p r o du ction o f a grou p o f w o r k e r s w e r e a ls o re p o rte d in som e in sta n ce s. 5 In A p r il 1956, the date o f the B u reau ’ s p re v io u s w age study in the industry, w o r k e r s ' earn in gs a v e ra g e d $ 1 . 5 0 an hour. That study d iffe r e d som ew hat fr o m the p r e s e n t study in that it a ls o in cluded esta b lish m en ts p r im a r ily p r o c e s s in g w o o le n s and w o r s te d s and ex clu d ed dyeing and fin ish in g plants w hich w e r e owned by te x tile fir m s and w e r e p r im a r ily engaged in p r o c e s s in g goods fo r the parent com pan y and lo c a te d in the sa m e la b o r m a rk et a re a as the p aren t com pan y. See BLS R ep ort 110 o r "E a rn in gs in the T ex tile D yeing and F in ish in g Industry, A p r il 1956, " M onthly L a b o r R e v ie w , N ovem b er 1956, pp. 1303—1309. 6 Data w e r e not shown se p a ra tely fo r South C a ro lin a as n ine-tenths of all w o r k e r s w e r e em p loy ed in esta b lish m en ts p r im a r ily p r o c e s s in g cotton b road w ov en fa b r ic s . H ourly earn in gs fo r all p ro d u ction w o r k e rs in this State a v era g ed $ 1 . 62. 4 P ro d u ctio n w o r k e rs in e sta b lish m en ts sp e cia liz in g in the p r o c e s s in g o f synthetic b roa d w ov en fa b r ic s a v e ra g e d $ 2. 06 in the M iddle A tlan tic re g io n , $ 1. 98 in New Y ork and $ 2 . 1 2 in New J e r s e y . In the P a te rs o n —C lifto n -P a s s a ic a re a , w h ere a lm o st tw o -fifth s o f the w o r k e rs in this segm en t o f the in du stry w ere e m p loy ed , th eir h o u rly earn in gs a v e ra g e d $ 2 . 13. W ork ers* earn in gs w ere g e n e ra lly h igh er in esta b lish m en ts with 250 o r m o r e w o r k e rs than in s m a lle r e sta b lish m en ts, 7 and in esta b lish m en ts in w hich a m a jo r ity o f the w o r k e rs w e re c o v e r e d by la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t co n tra cts than in e s tablish m en ts in w h ich none o r a m in o rity w ere c o v e r e d by su ch co n tr a c ts . In c o n s id e r in g the w age d iffe r e n c e s noted in the p re ce d in g p aragrap hs and in the la te r d is c u s s io n o f o ccu p a tion a l earn in gs, it m ust be em p h a sized that the ex a ct in flu en ce o f any one c h a r a c t e r is tic cannot be fu lly is o la te d . Size o f e s ta b lish m en t, u n ion ization , m eth od o f wage paym ent, lo c a tio n and s iz e o f com m u n ity, and p o s s ib ly oth er c h a r a c t e r is t ic s , m ay all play a r o le in the d eterm in a tion o f wage le v e ls . In a study su ch as th is, th eir sep a ra te in flu en ce cannot be is o la te d . O ccu pation al E arn in gs The o ccu p a tion a l c la s s ific a t io n s fo r w hich data a re p re se n te d in table 9 accou n ted fo r a p p ro x im a te ly o n e -h a lf o f the p rod u ction and re la te d w o rk e rs within the s c o p e o f the su rv e y . N ationw ide, a v era ge h ou rly earn in gs am ong th ese jo b s ranged fr o m $ 1. 36 fo r ja n ito r s , $ 1. 43 fo r yarn w in d ers, and $ 1.47 fo r m a te ria l handling la b o r e r s to $ 4 . 0 7 fo r m achine p r in te r s . D y ein g -m a ch in e te n d ers, cloth , n u m e r ica lly the m o st im p orta n t jo b studied, a v era g ed $ 1. 83 an hou r. Other o c c u pations fo r w h ich a v e ra g e h ou rly earn in gs w ere within a range o f $ 1 . 7 5 to $ 1 . 8 5 in clu d ed b a tc h e r s , b o i l - o f f m ach in e o p e r a to r s , ca le n d e r te n d e rs , c o lo r m ix e r s , clo th in s p e c to r s (hand), clo th w in d e rs, printing b a ck te n d e rs , p rin tin g -m a ch in e h e lp e r s , and te n t e r -fr a m e te n d e rs. O ccu pation al earn in gs w ere g e n e ra lly highest in the M iddle A tlantic re g io n and lo w e st in the Southeast. F o r m o s t occu p a tio n s, av era g e h ou rly earn in gs in the M iddle A tlan tic r e g io n w e re 20 cen ts o r m o r e above the nationw ide a v e ra g e . In New England, o ccu p a tion a l a v e ra g e earn in gs w ere g e n e ra lly within a range o f 10 cen ts b e lo w to 10 cen ts above the nationwide a v e ra g e , and in the Southeast, fr o m 5 to 20 cen ts b e lo w the a v e ra g e . In the New England and Southeast r e g io n s , occu p a tion a l a v e ra g e ea rn in gs, w h ere c o m p a r is o n s co u ld be m ad e, w e re u su ally h igh er in n on m etrop olitan than in m e tro p o lita n a re a s (table 13). In each o f the th ree m a jo r r e g io n s , av era g e earn in gs fo r m o st o ccu p a tio n a l grou ps w e re h igher in esta b lish m en ts em p loy in g 250 o r m o r e w o r k e rs than in s m a lle r plants (table 14). W o rk e rs in the s e le c te d occu p a tion s in esta b lish m en ts w here a m a jo r ity w e re c o v e r e d b y c o lle c t iv e bargain in g a g reem en ts g e n e ra lly had h igh er a v era g e h o u rly earn in gs than w o r k e rs in e sta b lish m en ts w here none o r a m in o rity w ere c o v e r e d by su ch c o n tra cts (ta b les 15 and 16). In s e v e r a l in sta n ce s, h ow ev er, w o r k e rs in the la tte r grou p o f plants had higher a v era g e ea rn in g s. 7 A lthough this re la tio n sh ip ex is te d in each o f the th ree m a jo r r e g io n s , the nationw ide a v e ra g e was h igh er fo r the s m a lle r o f the two e s ta b lis h m e n t-s iz e g ro u p s. T his r e su lte d fr o m the fa ct that the Southeast re g io n , w here earnings w e re lo w e r than in eith er o f the oth er two reg ion s, a ccou n ted fo r about th re e -fo u rth s o f the w o r k e rs in the la r g e r esta b lish m en ts but on ly about o n e -fifth in the e s ta b lish m en ts em ployin g fe w e r than 250 w o r k e rs . 5 E sta b lish m en t P r a c t ic e s and Supplem entary W age P r o v is io n s D ata w e r e a ls o obtained on w ork sch ed u les, m in im u m w age ra te s, and su pplem en tary b e n e fits, in clu d in g paid h olid ays and v a ca tion s, re tire m e n t plans, life in su ra n ce , s ic k n e ss and a ccid e n t in su ra n ce, h osp ita liza tion , s u rg ica l, and m e d ic a l b e n e fits fo r p ro d u ctio n and o ffic e w o r k e r s . M inim um W age R a te s . — E sta b lish ed m in im u m ra tes of pay fo r tim e -r a te d p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s w e r e re p o rte d by n ea rly a ll of the 190 m ills v is ite d . 8 M in i m um en trance ra tes o f $ 1 to $ 1 . 2 5 w e re in e ffe c t in a lm o st tw o -th ird s of the plants in the Southeast and in a p p roxim a tely o n e -fifth in each o f the oth er two m a jo r reg ion s (table 19). O n e -h a lf o f the esta b lish m en ts in the M iddle A tlantic re g io n re p o rte d m in im u m en tran ce ra tes of $ 1 . 7 5 o r m o r e . M inim um entrance ra tes of $1 and u nder $ 1 . 0 5 an hour w e re in e ffe c t in about on e -fo u rth of the esta b lish m en ts in the Southeast and ra tes of $ 1 . 8 0 and under $ 1 . 8 5 an hour in n ea rly o n e -th ird o f the plants in the M iddle A tlan tic re g io n . In 72 o f the 178 plants w h ich r e p o r te d both fo r m a l m inim um en tran ce and jo b ra te s, the two rates w e r e id e n tic a l; in 39 plants, the m inim um jo b ra tes ranged fr o m 3 to 10 cents an hour h igh er than the m in im u m entrance r a te s ; in 37, the d iffe r e n c e s v a rie d fr o m 11 to 20 c e n ts ; and in m o st o f the rem ain in g esta b lish m en ts, the d iffe r e n c e s w e r e fr o m 25 to 35 cen ts an h ou r. Scheduled W eekly H ours and Shift P r a c t i c e s .— A w ork sch ed ule o f 40 hours a w eek w as in e ffe c t in esta b lish m en ts em ployin g fo u r -fifth s or m o r e of the p r o du ction w o r k e r s in ea ch o f the th ree m a jo r re g io n s (table 20). W ork sch ed u les in e x c e s s o f 40 h ou rs w e r e r e p o rte d fo r m o s t of the rem ain in g w o r k e rs in ea ch o f th ese r e g io n s . A lm o s t tw o -fifth s of the p ro d u ction w o r k e rs w e re em p loy ed on late shifts at the tim e o f the study; em ploym en t on secon d shifts w as about tw ice as g rea t as on th ird o r oth er late sh ifts (ta b le 21). In the M iddle A tlantic reg ion , w o r k e rs ty p ica lly r e c e iv e d a d iffe r e n tia l o f 5 cen ts an hour fo r s e c o n d -s h ift and 10 cents an hour fo r th ir d -s h ift w ork . In the New England and Southeast re g io n s , ex tra pay fo r s e c o n d -s h ift w o rk w as not com m on , but a m a jo r ity of the th ir d -s h ift w o r k e r s in ea ch o f th ese re g io n s r e c e iv e d ex tra pay, m o st com m on ly 5 cents an hour above day r a te s . P aid H o lid a y s. — P aid h olid a ys w e re p ro v id e d by esta b lish m en ts em ployin g a p p roxim a tely t h r e e -fifth s of the p rod u ction w o r k e rs in the Southeast re g io n and w e r e a lm o st u n iv e rsa l in the New England and M iddle A tlan tic re g io n s (table 22). The m o s t p re v a le n t p r o v is io n s w e r e 7 days annually in New England and 9 days in the M iddle A tla n tic re g io n . In the Southeast, h oliday p r o v is io n s ranged fr o m 1 to 7 days annually. P aid V a c a tio n s . — P aid v a ca tion s a fter qualifying p e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e re p ro v id e d by esta b lish m en ts em p loy in g m o r e than 95 p e rce n t o f the in d u stry ’ s p r o du ction w o r k e r s (ta b le 23). P r o v is io n s fo r 1 w e e k ’ s v a ca tio n pay a fter 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e w e r e p re v a le n t in ea ch o f the th ree m a jo r r e g io n s . Tw o w eek s' v a ca tion pay w as co m m o n ly p ro v id e d w o r k e r s in the M iddle A tlan tic re g io n a fter 3 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e and to w o r k e r s in the New England and Southeast re g io n s a fte r 5 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e . T h r e e -fifth s o f the w o r k e rs in New England w e re in esta b lish m en ts p rov id in g 3 w e e k s' v a ca tio n a fte r 15 /e a r s of s e r v ic e ; h ow ev er, p r o v is io n s fo r 3 w e e k s' v a ca tio n pay w e r e not co m m o n in the M iddle A tlan tic and Southeast re g io n s . 8 M inim um en tran ce and m inim um jo b ra tes, fo r p u rp oses o f this study, rela te to the lo w e st fo r m a l ra te s e sta b lish ed fo r in e x p e rie n ce d and e x p e rie n ce d t im e -r a t e d w o r k e r s , r e s p e c t iv e ly , in u n sk illed p ro d u ction and rela ted occu p ation s e x ce p t w atchm en, a p p re n tice s, and handicapped and superannuated w o r k e r s . 6 Health, In su ra n ce, and P e n sio n P la n s . — L ife , s ick n e s s and a ccid en t, h o s pita liza tion , and s u r g ic a l in su ra n ce , f o r w hich e m p lo y e rs paid at le a st part of the c o s t , w e r e a v a ila b le to tw o -th ird s or m o r e o f the p ro d u ction w o r k e rs (table 24). Insu ra n ce again st a ccid e n ta l death and d ism e m b e rm e n t w as a v ailable to sligh tly m o r e than o n e -h a lf, and m e d ic a l in su ra n ce, to m o r e than o n e -th ird of the w o r k e r s . C atastroph e in su ra n ce and s ic k lea ve w e re not com m on ly p ro v id e d . P e n sio n plans p ro v id in g re g u la r paym ents fo r the rem a in d er o f the w o r k e r 's life upon re tir e m e n t (o th e r than b en efits av a ila b le under F e d e ra l O ld -A g e, S u r v iv o r s ', and D isa b ility In su ra n ce) w e re p rov id ed by esta b lish m en ts em p loyin g tw o -fifth s o f the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s . R etirem en t s e v e r a n c e plans p rov id in g lu m p sum paym ents upon re tire m e n t w e r e re p o rte d by som e esta b lish m en ts— m o stly in New England. Table 1. Average Hourly Earnings: By Selected Characteristics (N um ber and a vera g e straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f p rod u ction w o rk e rs in textile dyeing and finishing establishm ents by s e le c te d ch a r a c te r is tic s , United States and s e le c te d re g io n s , A pril—May 1961) United States 2 Item New England M iddle A tlantic Number of w ork ers A verage hour ly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge hou rly earnings A ll p rod u ction w o r k e rs ____ M en __ __ _____ ________ „ _ W om en --------------------------------------- 57,3 04 4 7 ,4 4 5 9, 859 $ 1 .7 1 1 .7 6 1 .4 5 10,732 9, 255 1 ,4 7 7 $ 1 .7 8 1.81 1.59 Plant ow n ersh ip: Independent _ __ __ ________ _ Owned by textile f i r m _________ 2 7,9 14 2 9 ,3 9 0 1.81 7 ,9 9 0 2, 742 1 .7 7 1.81 1 2 ,011 1.62 Type o f m a teria l: C otton tex tiles 3 _______________ B roa d w oven f a b r i c s ________ Y a rn or thread _____________ Synthetic tex tiles 3 B roa d w oven f a b r i c s ________ Y a rn or thread _ __ 4 1 ,6 2 6 35,8 14 4,951 15,678 14,390 1, 159 1 .6 4 1 .6 7 1 .4 6 1.89 1 .9 2 1 .5 6 7 ,7 4 0 7, 332 _ 2 ,9 9 2 2, 308 - 1 .7 8 1 .7 9 Size o f com m unity: M etrop olita n a rea s 4 __________ N onm etrop olita n a r e a s ________ 2 8 ,9 92 28, 312 1.81 1.61 Size o f esta b lish m en t: 20—249 w o r k e rs ________________ 250 or m o r e w o r k e r s __________ 2 1 ,8 82 35,422 1 .7 6 L a b or-m a n a g em en t co n tr a c ts : E sta blish m en ts with— M a jo rity c o v e r e d __________ None or m in ority Southeast A vera ge h ou rly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs A verage hourly earnings $ 2 . 02 2 .0 5 1.61 30, 384 2 4 ,1 4 2 6 ,2 4 2 $ 1 .5 6 1 .6 0 1 .4 0 1,1 5 5 2 .0 4 1.79 5, 039 2 5,3 45 1.39 1.59 1 .77 1.81 - 3 ,4 3 8 2, 635 436 9, 728 9, 564 - 1 .9 3 1 .9 7 1 .7 5 2. 05 2 . 06 - 28, 048 2 3 ,5 6 9 4 ,4 7 9 2, 336 2 ,2 6 9 - 1.56 1.59 1 .43 1 .4 8 1 .4 8 - 5, 046 5 ,6 8 6 1 .7 6 1 .8 0 11,8 48 1 ,3 1 8 2 .0 4 1 .7 9 9 ,6 6 9 20, 715 1 .57 1 .5 5 5, 196 5 ,5 3 6 1 .7 0 1.8 6 10, 171 2 ,9 9 5 1 .9 9 1 .6 8 2 .1 0 4 ,2 7 0 2 6 ,1 1 4 1 .3 8 1.59 2 9 ,6 2 8 1 .8 5 6 ,4 9 3 1 .8 3 1 2 ,3 6 8 2. 04 9 ,4 9 0 1.65 2 7,6 76 1 .5 6 4 ,2 3 9 1.71 798 1 .6 5 20, 894 1.51 _ Num ber of w o rk e rs 13,166 12,0 90 1, 076 1 E xclu d es p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid a ys, and late sh ifts . Inclu des data fo r reg ion s in addition to those shown se p a ra te ly . F o r definition s o f re g io n s (or a re a s) shown in this o r subsequent ta b le s, see footnotes 1 and 2, appendix A t a b le . 3 Inclu des data fo r types of m ateria l in addition to those shown se p a ra te ly . 4 The te rm "m etrop olita n a r e a " as used in this study r e fe r s to the Standard M etrop olita n S ta tistica l A r e a s , as d efined b y the U .S . B u rea u o f the Budget. N OTE: D ashes in d ica te no data rep orted o r data that do not m e e t publication c r it e r ia . CO Table 2. Earnings Distribution: All Establishments (P e rc e n t d istrib u tion o f p rod uction w o rk e rs in textile dyeing and finishing esta b lish m en ts by a vera g e stra ig h t-tim e hou rly ea rn in gs, 1 United States and s e le c te d r e g io n s, A p ril—May 1961) Total Men W omen Total W omen Men 0. 1 .1 .2 0. 1 .3 .3 .5 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1.05 $1. 10 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1. 20 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .2 5 ___ __ ___ __ ___ __ ------------- ___ ___ ------------- 0 .3 .8 .9 1. 7 1 .9 0. 1 .1 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 . 30 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 -----------------___________ ___________ ---- ---------______ 4 .0 3 .9 4 .5 5 .6 5 .9 3 .0 3 .0 3 .3 4 .2 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1. 70 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 -----------------___ __ ___ --------------------- __ ___ ----------------- 7 .6 7.5 5. 8 9 .4 5 .7 6 .3 6 .7 6 .5 4 .2 4. 8 5. 1 3 .6 3. 7 2 .9 2. 1 2 .5 3 .0 .9 1. 1 .4 1 2.0 6 .0 7 .5 4. 7 2 .4 8 .4 5 .2 2. 7 6 .5 6 .5 2 .3 1.9 1 .0 1.6 1.6 2 .6 1 .7 1. 8 3 .0 1. 1 .8 6 .0 8 .9 5. 5 6 .0 $ 1 . 75 $1. 80 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1. 80 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 ___________ — __ -------------- ----__ __ ----__ ______ 4 .7 3. 5 3 .2 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 05 $ 2. 10 $2. 15 $ 2 .2 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .0 5 $2. 10 $2. 15 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .2 5 ------------------------------ ------------------------------- — ----- 5 .6 5 .4 1 .9 $2. 25 $ 2 . 30 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2 .4 0 $2. 45 $ 2 .5 0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- .7 .4 .7 .4 $ 2. 50 $ 2 . 60 $2. 70 $ 2 . 80 $2 . 9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .6 0 -----------------$ 2 .7 0 __ __ ___ $2. 80 --------$ 2 . 90 ___________ $ 3 .0 0 _ _____ .3 $ 3 T00 and o v e r _ _______ N um ber o f w o r k e r s __ _______ _____ A vera g e h ou rly ea rn in g s 1 -------------- 2 .6 1. 8 1.6 .8 .5 1.5 1.6 6.0 1.0 .9 .5 .9 .4 .3 1.6 3 .9 2. 8 2. 7 3 .2 .6 9. 1 8 .4 10.3 12.4 5 .5 .9 .5 .8 3 .3 3. 1 8. 1 4 .4 9 .8 7 .5 10. 8 13. 7 .3 .1 .1 . 1 .1 - .9 .7 .7 .3 .2 .1 (3) .2 .9 .3 .3 1.9 2 .6 4 .2 8.0 B eca u se o f rounding, Total _ 0 .4 .3 .4 1.5 (3) (3 ) 0. 1 .7 .6 1.2 1. 8 .8 .5 Men 0. 1 0. 1 1 .4 1. 3 2. 8 2. 9 . . 2. 2. 8 0 .4 6. 0 3 .0 3. 8 3. 2 5 .4 2 .4 13. 1 6. 7 5. 1 6. 7 6. 3 6. 7 8. 6 8. 6 5. 1 5. 3 5 .9 6 .9 9 .4 13.0 10. 4 9 .9 15. 1 5. 4 12. 1 1.3 2. 8 2 .6 1. 7 2. 1 2 .4 1. 7 1.9 2. 5 10 .6 12.2 1 2.4 8 .9 6 .6 2.0 2.2 1. 7 .7 .3 .3 - - 20. 8 2 0 .3 5 .0 4. 5 2. 5 - 1. 7 1.3 2. 8 . 1 .8 .3 .2 .1 1 .7 4 .3 3. 2 3. 3 3. 2 - 1 .4 2.0 1 .6 1.3 1 .6 2 .9 3 .2 3 .4 3. 3 4. 7 3. 3 .9 3. 3 8. 7 2 .5 1 9.4 3. 3 2. 1 1 .4 .1 (3) . 1 . 1 . 1 *1 1 .6 (3 ) 2 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 00 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 5 7 ,3 0 4 $1. 71 47, 445 $1. 76 9, 859 $ 1 .4 5 10,732 $1. 78 9 ,2 5 5 $ 1 . 81 1,477 $ 1 .5 9 13,166 $2 .0 2 12,090 $ 2 .0 5 1,076 $ 1 .6 1 sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal 100. .7 .7 .4 .6 . 1 " . 1 “ " .7 ■ •1 1 .1 .3 . 1 .1 “ 2 .5 1.0 1 .4 3. 1 1. 3 2 .3 • 5 3 9 3 .2 1.9 1 .1 .3 .1 (3) - 3. 2. 1. 1. 1. 8 .2 • 5. 5 4. 8 5 .4 4. 9 2. 7 .2 .1 .2 .1 .4 .2 .1 11.3 6. 5 11. 8 6 .5 .7 .6 .7 . 1 22.0 22. 0 (3) (3) (3) .1 (3) (3) (3 ) - .2 Women .5 .7 2. 5 4. 0 1 1 .8 6. 1 7 .2 Men 0 .2 1 .6 7 .5 1 0.9 14.0 Total _ 3 .5 6 .0 21 .0 W omen (3 ) (3 ) 0. 5 .3 .4 .3 .6 .9 1 E xclu d es p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eeken ds, h olid a ys, and late shifts. 2 Includes data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown separately. 3 L e s s than 0. 05 p e rce n t. N OTE: Southeast M iddle A tlantic New England United States A vera g e h ou rly ea rn in gs 12 - 1 .2 " .9 ** - .9 .5 .2 .4 .2 .9 .6 .2 .5 .3 2 .9 3. 1 1.0 . 1 (3) . 1 t% \ 3 8 5 5. 5 8. 1 4. 7 7. 4 3. 3 2. 3 4. 1 2. 7 2. 2 1 .4 1. 2 1 .4 .8 .4 .6 •2 .8 .8 .4 .7 .2 . 1 (3) ( ) *1 (3) 7. 0 12. 9 6. 1 •1 . 1 (3 ) . 1 . 1 (;) ( ) .2 (3) .1 . 1 .1 (3) ( ,) i3\ ( ) " 2 .0 (3 ) 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 3 0 ,3 8 4 $ 1. 56 2 4 ,1 4 2 $ 1 .6 0 6,242 $ 1.4 0 Tabic 3. Earnings Distribution: By Plant Ownership (P e rc e n t d istrib u tion o f p rod u ction w ork ers in independent textile dyeing and finish in g plants and in plants owned by textile firm s b y average stra ig h t-tim e hou rly earnings, United States and s e le cte d r e g io n s, A p ril—M ay 1961) Independent plants Plants owned by textile firm s Independent plants Southeast M iddle A tlantic New England United States 1 2 A v e ra g e h ou rly ea rnings 1 Plants owned by textile firm s Independent plants Plants owned by textile firm s Independent plants Plants owned by textile firm s $ 1 . 00 $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 .2 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .2 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 .5 1 .4 1 .4 1 .6 1.3 0. 1 .2 .4 1 .8 2. 5 . 0. 1 .3 .2 .8 0 .3 .5 - (3 ) 0. 1 .6 .4 1 .6 3 .5 0 .3 7 .4 5 .6 6 .9 3 .9 0. 1 .3 .4 2. 0 2. 7 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 .0 3 .3 3 .5 3. 1 3 .0 6 .0 4 .6 5 .5 7 .9 8. 7 1. 1 .5 .6 3. 7 2 .4 .3 .8 1. 1 1 .9 5. 1 .7 .5 1 .5 1.2 1 .4 1 .3 .6 2. 7 2 .5 1 7.9 7. 1 12.9 9 .9 7 .5 7. 8 6 .6 5 .0 6. 1 8. 8 8 .8 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 .9 4 .9 5 .4 3. 7 6. 3 11.1 7 .0 12.2 7 .2 5. 8 2 .6 8 .9 7 .2 9 .3 15.2 9 .8 1 2 .4 8 .2 15.2 9 .3 1 .2 2 .2 2 .2 1. 1 1 .6 6 .8 1 .5 3 .6 8 .2 5 .0 10. 1 5. 6 5 .0 1 .3 1 .6 11. 5 6. 7 13. 1 6 .3 5 .4 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1. 80 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .8 0 -----------------$ 1 . 8 5 -----------------$ 1 .9 0 -----------------$ 1 .9 5 ----------------$ 2 .0 0 ------------------ 5 .2 4 .4 4 .8 3. 7 2 .2 4 .2 2. 7 1 .8 1 .6 1 .4 14.2 7 .0 9 .9 5 .4 2. 6 5 .3 3 .0 .7 2. 6 1 .8 1.1 4 .0 3. 1 3. 1 2 .8 7. 5 6. 8 4 .2 4 .6 6. 7 1 .5 1 .4 1.9 .7 .1 3 .9 2 .5 1 .8 1 .4 1.2 $ 2 .0 0 $2. 05 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .1 5 $ 2 .2 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .0 5 ----------------$ 2 . 1 0 -----------------$ 2 .1 5 -----------------$ 2 .2 0 -----------------$ 2 .2 5 ----------------- 1 0 .4 10. 1 2 .7 2 .4 1.3 1 .0 1 .0 1 .2 .8 .4 1 .6 1 .3 .9 .4 .3 1 .5 2. 6 7. 7 2 .5 1 .6 2 2 .5 22. 1 5 .3 4 .9 2. 5 2 .8 1 .5 2 .3 .1 2 .3 .2 .1 .1 (3 ) $ 2 .2 5 $ 2 . 30 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 5 $ 2 .5 0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.3 .8 1 .4 .6 .5 .2 .1 .1 .1 (3 ) .5 .2 .1 (3 ) .1 1 .8 1 .4 3 .0 1 .3 1 .0 .5 .1 1 .0 .3 - .1 - $ 2 .5 0 $ 2. 60 $ 2 . 70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $2. 6 0 -----------------$2. 70 -----------------$2. 8 0 -----------------$ 2 .9 0 -----------------$ 3 .0 0 ------------------ .6 .3 .1 .2 .1 .1 (3 ) .1 .1 •1 .1 .3 .1 .1 - 1.2 .6 .4 .4 .2 (3 ) - .8 .8 .4 .7 •1 .1 (3 ) .1 .1 (3) .9 .6 .2 .5 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 (3 ) .1 (3 ) .1 .1 (3) •1 .1 .1 $ 3 . 00 and o v e r ------------------------------- 1 .8 2 .0 1 .9 3 .0 2 .8 3. 6 .2 1.9 (? ) ------------------------------------- 100 .0 1 00 .0 100. 0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 100. 0 100 .0 100.0 N um ber of w o r k e rs ----------------------A v e ra g e h o u rly earnings 1 ------------ 2 7 ,9 1 4 $ 1 .8 1 2 9 ,3 9 0 $ 1 . 62 7 ,9 9 0 $ 1. 77 2 , 742 $1. 81 12,011 $ 2 .0 4 1, 155 $ 1 .7 9 5 ,039 $ 1 .3 9 25,3 45 $ 1 .5 9 T otal 1 E xclud es p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eeken ds, h olid a y s, and late sh ifts. 2 Includes data fo r reg ion s in addition to those shown sep a ra tely. 3 L e s s than 0. 05 p e rce n t. N O TE : B eca u se of rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not equal 100. Table 4. Earnings Distribution: Cotton Textiles (P e rce n t d istrib u tion o f p rod u ction w ork ers in cotton textile dyeing and finishing establishm ents by type o f m a te ria l and a vera g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a rn in g s, 1 United States and s e le c te d r e g io n s , A pril—May 1961) United States A vera g e h ou rly earnings 1 T otal 3 B roa d woven fa b rics 2 T otal 3 B ro a d w oven fa b r ic s T otal 3 _ - 2 .9 .8 9 .1 6 .9 6 .3 6. 5 9. 0 8. 3 6 .8 5 .6 6 .2 7 .6 8 .9 7 .7 10. 2 8. 3 16.3 5. 3 4 .0 1 .3 .7 3.1 5 .8 2 .7 .8 .5 3.1 4. 6 1 4.7 5. 0 2 .3 4 .8 2 .5 9 .8 6. 7 12. 3 5 .8 5. 0 10. 0 7. 1 1 3 .4 5 .9 5. 3 8 .6 4. 5 6. 5 5.1 3. 3 1 0.5 6 .6 2 .7 2. 3 1 .7 5 .0 7 .5 6 .2 4 .4 2 .8 6 .0 8 .8 5 .7 4 .9 2 .7 3 .2 4 .1 5 .5 4. 8 4. 8 3 .6 2 .4 1 .9 1 .3 .9 3 .8 2 .6 2 .1 1 .4 1 .0 2 .5 1.2 .7 .8 .4 1 .5 1 .8 3 .3 1.1 .8 1 .6 1 .9 3 .5 1.1 .8 7 .6 8 .1 8. 0 5. 7 2 .8 8 .5 9 .2 9 .6 5 .5 3 .4 3 .7 1 .4 3 .7 1 1 .5 .7 .7 .4 .6 .1 .8 .8 .4 .7 .1 .3 .1 .5 .1 .1 .9 .3 1 .0 .3 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 •1 .1 .1 .1 1 .4 1 .6 1 .3 2 .9 1 .2 1.1 1.9 1 .4 1 .3 1 .5 3 .2 .9 - .1 ( ) .1 .1 ( ) .1 .1 •1 .1 ( ) .6 .5 .8 .5 .1 .1 .1 0. 1 .1 4 .4 5 .5 6 .4 0.1 .1 .2 .4 .5 0. 1 .1 .2 .4 .3 0. 1 .3 .2 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 3 0 _________ __ $ 1 . 3 5 ___ . . . $ 1 . 4 0 -----------------$ 1 .4 5 _________ $ 1 . 5 0 ------------------ 5. 0 4 .6 5 .5 6 .6 7. 1 4 .7 4 .1 5 .0 5 .5 7 .4 7 .5 9 .5 7 .6 15.4 5 .2 .8 .6 .9 1 .8 3 .7 .5 .6 .9 1 .8 3 .4 .3 .3 4 .5 1 .5 7 .6 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 5 5 __ _____ $ 1 . 6 0 -----------------$ 1 . 6 5 -----------------$ 1 .7 0 — ------ _ $ 1 . 7 5 ------------------ 8. 1 7 .2 1 0.5 6 .6 7 .2 8 .0 7 .5 11.1 6 .8 7 .7 9 .1 4 .5 6 .0 5 .0 3 .2 5 .0 1 2 .4 9 .5 1 2 .0 1 5.6 4 .7 1 2 .0 8 .9 12.1 1 6 .2 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 8 0 -----------------$ 1 .8 5 — . . . $ 1 . 9 0 -----------------$ 1 .9 5 -----------------$ 2 . 0 0 ------------------ 5 .0 3 .7 2 .4 2. 1 1 .3 5 .4 4. 0 2 .5 2 .2 1 .4 2 .6 1.5 1.1 1.1 .8 1 0.2 6 .5 2 .6 2 .3 1 .6 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .0 5 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .1 5 $ 2 .2 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 0 5 -----------------$ 2 . 1 0 -----------------$ 2 .1 5 — — $ 2 .2 0 — __ — $ 2 .2 5 — 1 .6 1 .6 1 .7 1 .2 .6 1 .7 1 .8 1 .8 1 .2 .6 .6 .2 $ 2 .2 5 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 . 35 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 3 0 -----------------$ 2 . 3 5 -----------------$ 2 .4 0 __ _ ----$ 2 . 4 5 ---------- ------$ 2 . 5 0 ---------_ ------ .6 .3 .6 .4 .2 .2 .3 .1 .2 .2 $ 2 . 50 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .80 $ 2 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 6 0 -----------------$ 2 . 7 0 -----------------$ 2 . 8 0 -----------------$ 2 . 9 0 ----------$ 3 . 0 0 ----------- .2 .3 .1 .1 .1 .1 $ 3 .0 0 and o v e r ________ __ __ -—— 1 .9 1 2 3 4 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 - - - .2 “ .2 /4\ .2 /A \ ( ) .i .i .1 .2 .1 •1 " .1 14 \ ( ) ~ (4 ) (4 ) - - 2.2 .1 2 .8 3. 0 2. 0 2 .5 .7 1 .7 2. 0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100 .0 1 00 .0 1 00.0 100.0 1 0 0 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 100.0 4 1 ,6 2 6 $ 1 .6 4 3 5,814 $ 1 .6 7 4,951 $ 1 .4 6 7, 740 $ 1 .7 8 7, 332 $ 1 .7 9 3 ,4 3 8 $ 1 .9 3 2 ,6 3 5 $ 1 .9 7 436 $ 1 .7 5 28, 048 $ 1 .5 6 23,5 69 $ 1 .5 9 4 ,4 7 9 $ 1 .4 3 B ecause o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal 100. .2 - - - E xclu d es p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and for w ork on w eekends, h o lid a ys, and late sh ifts. Includes data fo r reg ion s in addition to those shown sepa ra tely. Includes data fo r types o f m a te ria l in addition to those shown sepa ra tely. L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t. N OTE: 0. 1 2 .8 2 .3 1. 1 6 .4 4. 6 0 .5 1.1 .7 1 .3 1 .7 N um ber of w o rk e rs ----------------------A v e ra g e h ou rly ea rn in g s 1 ------------ Yarn or thread 4. 7 5. 7 6. 7 0 .4 1 .0 1.1 1 .8 2 .2 (4 ) B ro a d w oven fa b r ic s 0. 1 1 .6 .7 1 .9 2. 3 $ 1 . 0 5 -----------------$ 1 . 1 0 -----------------$ 1 .1 5 -----------------$ 1 . 2 0 -----------------$ 1 . 2 5 ---------------- - .1 .1 .1 .1 T otal 3 0. 1 1 .4 1 .3 2 .5 3 .0 under under under under under .3 .1 (4) .1 - Y arn or thread 1.1 2. 8 1 .8 and and and and and .8 B ra od w oven fa b r ic s (4 ) $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 .2 0 1.1 .1 Southeast M iddle A tlantic New England Yarn or thread *1 - Table 5. Earnings Distribution: Synthetic Textiles (P e rc e n t d istrib u tion o f production w ork ers in synthetic textile dyeing and finishing esta b lish m en ts by type o f m a te ria l and a ve ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hou rly e a r n in g s ,1 United States and s e le c te d r e g io n s, A p ril—May 1961) United States 2 A v era g e h ou rly ea rn in g s 1 T o t a l3 B ro a d woven fa b r ic s New England Yarn or thread T o t a l3 M iddle A tlantic B ro a d w oven fa b r ic s T o t a l3 B ro a d w oven fa b r ic s Southeast T o t a l3 B ro a d woven fa b r ic s $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 5 $1. 10 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1. 20 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .0 5 ___________ $ 1 .1 0 $1. 15 $ 1 .2 0 __ _________ $ 1 .2 5 0. 1 .4 .2 1 .4 1.0 0. 1 .4 .2 1 .4 .7 0 .4 _ . 1 1 .6 .9 _ 0. 3 _ .9 _ 0. 3 _ 1. 2 (4 ) 0. 1 .1 .8 .8 (4 ) (4 ) 0. 1 .6 .4 0 .5 2. 2 .5 6 .3 1. 7 0. 3 2. 3 .4 6 .5 1.6 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 ___________ __ _________ 1. 5 2. 1 1 .9 2 .8 ^ .8 1. 1 1 .3 1. 8 1. 7 2 .9 5 .3 1 1.6 2 .6 16.3 1. 7 1. 3 .4 .4 7 .2 1 .6 .5 .5 .4 1. 6 1. 7 .9 .6 .6 1 .3 1. 1 4. 2 6 .5 8. 7 4. 1 11.6 3 .3 5 .5 9 .0 4. 1 11.9 $1. 50 $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1. 70 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 ___________ __ _________ ___________ ___ ___ _ _ -3 2. 8 4 .6 2 .6 2 .9 5 .9 2. 8 4 .5 2 .6 1. 8 12.0 3. 8 6 .0 2 .2 16.3 3 .0 3 .3 2. 1 7. 7 9 .0 3. 7 2. 7 .6 9 .0 5. 5 .9 2 .4 2 .9 1 .2 .5 .8 .5 .5 1 .2 1* 1 .8 2 .4 2 .9 1 .2 .5 2 9 .3 4 .6 5 .5 2. 3 2 .9 30. 1 4. 8 5. 7 2 .3 3 .0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1. 85 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1. 8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 ___________ ___ ____ ___________ ___________ ___________ 3. 8 3. 1 5. 5 4 .0 3. 1 3. 7 3 .2 5 .5 4 .2 3 .0 16. 5 4 .6 2 0 .3 11. 1 4 .2 1 8.4 5. 1 2 4 .4 1 3.6 3 .3 .5 3. 1 2. 1 2 .9 3 .3 .5 3 .2 2 .0 2 .9 3 .4 2 .4 1. 8 1. 8 .6 1. 7 2 .5 1.9 1. 8 .7 1. 8 $ 2 .0 0 $2. 05 $ 2. 10 $ 2. 15 $2. 20 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .0 5 $2. 10 ___________ $2. 15 __ _________ $2. 20 $2. 25 16. 2 15.5 2 .6 2 .6 1 .5 1 7.6 16. 8 2. 8 2 .9 1. 7 6 .0 2 .2 4 .0 1 .6 4 .3 .i !3 .7 1. 8 1. 0 .7 .5 .3 2 .4 1 .3 .6 .6 .4 2 5 .4 2 4 .6 4 .0 4. 1 2 .4 25. 8 2 5 .0 4. 1 4 .2 2 .4 .3 (4 ) .3 (4 ) $ 2 .2 5 $2. 30 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .3 0 $2. 35 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 5 $ 2 .5 0 1 .2 .8 2 .3 .5 .5 (4 ) 1. 8 1. 1 3 .4 .6 .8 1. 8 1 .2 3 .4 .7 .8 $2. $2. $ 2. $2. $2. and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .6 0 $2. 70 ___________ $2. 80 ______ _____ $2. 90 $3. 00 .6 .5 .1 .4 .2 .7 .5 . 1 .4 .2 . 1 .2 (4 ) . 1 (4 ) . 1 .6 (4 ) .2 .2 (4 ) ___________ 1. 1 .7 2. 1 .4 .5 (4 ) .7 (4 ) .2 - 1 .0 .6 . i .6 .3 1.0 .6 .1 .6 .3 _ . 1 _ _ _ _ - ____________________ 2. 1 .6 3 .2 3 .2 _ 50 60 70 80 90 $3. 00 and o v e r T o t a l _____ ___________ ___________ ___________ 4 2 .2 - _ . .2 _ _ - .5 . 1 . 1 _ #1 . 1 _ _ _ . 1 _ _ _ _ - _ ____ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 N um ber o f w o r k e r s __________ ____ A v era g e h ou rly ea rn in gs 1 ________ 15,6 78 $ 1 .8 9 14,390 $ 1 .9 2 1, 159 $ 1 .5 6 2 ,9 9 2 $1. 77 2 ,3 0 8 $1. 81 9, 728 $ 2 .0 5 9 ,5 6 4 $ 2 .0 6 2 ,3 3 6 $ 1 .4 8 2 ,269 $ 1 .4 8 1 2 3 4 _ ___________ ___________ E xclu d es p rem iu m pay fo r ov ertim e and fo r w ork on w eeken ds, h olid a ys, and late sh ifts. Inclu des data f o r re g io n s in addition to those shown s ep a ra tely. In clu des data f o r types of m a teria l in addition to those shown sep a ra tely. L e s s than 0. 05 p e rce n t. N O TE : B eca u se o f rounding, sum s o f individual ite m s m ay not equal 100. Table 6. Earnings Distribution: Selected States and Areas (P e rce n t d istrib u tion of p rod u ction w o rk e rs in textile dyeing and finish in g establishm ents by a vera g e stra ig h t-tim e h o u rly ea rn in g s, se le cte d States and a re a s , A p ril—May 1961) A rea s States A v era g e h o u rly earnings 1 G eorgia M a ssa chusetts New J e rs e y New Y ork North C arolin a P enn sylvania Rhode Island South C arolin a New Y ork C ity P a te rso n — CliftonrP a s s a ic P hila delphia 0. 1 .1 2. 5 3 .0 3. 6 0. 1 .2 .6 4 .3 4. 1 _ 0 .2 .1 .2 .5 0. 1 2 .6 (2 ) 1 .0 2. 5 0. 1 - _ - _ 0 .5 2 .9 .9 0. 6 .3 (2 ) .1 2 .2 _ 0. 1 (2 ) .1 4. 1 1 .6 1 .9 6 .9 7 .8 7.2 6 .6 1 0 .4 2. 7 1 .8 4 .4 6. 1 7 .0 1 .2 .2 .1 5 .0 1.3 8. 0 4 .2 4 .6 7. 0 6 .5 7. 7 1 .8 .9 2. 7 1.1 1 .0 3 .0 4. 8 4. 5 5 .0 17. 1 1 1.7 1 5.5 13. 1 .1 .1 .3 1.1 1 .9 7. 7 8 .0 3 .4 3 .6 16.2 8 .2 1 0.5 2 .8 2 .8 7. 8 1 .6 3. 0 4. 8 2 .3 1 .6 2. 8 3 .3 6 .0 1 9 .5 8. 7 5 .4 1 5.7 6 .9 6 .8 .5 1.2 .4 .2 .5 (2 ) 1 .4 3 .2 1.2 1 .5 6. 8 4 .0 3 .2 1 .6 .9 1.2 .5 6 .0 4 .4 5 .9 4 .2 1 .5 .7 3 .4 .8 3 .3 1 .7 1 .9 5 .0 8 .8 3. 5 6 .7 1 .8 2 .9 1 .4 1 .4 1 .4 5 .2 6 .8 3 .9 2. 8 3. 5 1 3.0 9 .6 6 .9 5 .2 3. 6 5 .3 2 .4 2 .3 1 .4 1.1 .7 4 .6 9 .8 2 .0 4 .9 .7 4. 3 .8 .6 .5 9 .2 5 .3 4. 3 4. 7 2 .9 .4 .3 .6 .3 .3 - 1 .0 .8 .6 .2 .2 28. 1 29. 0 6 .0 5 .5 2. 7 1 0 .4 7. 8 4 .2 3 .9 2. 5 7. 1 4 .6 2. 5 1 .4 1 .6 1 .7 3 .4 6. 6 2 .2 1 .7 1.1 1.2 .5 1 .0 .1 1 5.0 12. 1 7 .0 6 .8 3 .4 3 3 .0 3 2 .4 3. 7 4 .5 2. 1 8 .4 7 .7 4. 5 .6 2 .2 .7 .2 .2 (2 ) .2 1 .9 1 .4 3. 5 1. 1 1.2 2 .0 1 .3 2. 1 .3 .7 .5 .2 .1 .2 (2 ) .1 .1 - .3 .6 1. 1 3 .3 (2 ) 1 .0 .4 .2 .2 “ .1 .1 .1 .1 (2 ) 2 .9 2 .1 3 .9 .4 1 .2 1 .6 1.1 4. 4 .6 .8 .3 1 .0 1 .8 6 .4 .1 .1 .2 .1 (2 ) - 1. 1 .7 .2 .5 .2 .8 .1 .1 .5 .3 .1 (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) .3 .5 .1 .1 .1 .1 - .2 (2 ) .1 .2 .1 1 .3 .1 .2 .8 .6 .9 .6 .2 .7 .2 .2 .6 .2 .1 .1 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 .2 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .2 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 .7 .8 2 .4 3 .9 3 .5 0. 1 (2 ) .2 .5 .5 _ - $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 .6 12. 5 11.1 1 1.7 9 .0 .7 .4 .8 1 .6 3. 6 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 5 5 -----------------$ 1 .6 0 ----------------$ 1. 65 ------- ---------$ 1 .7 0 -----------------$ 1 . 7 5 ------------------ 6 .6 4 .6 4 .8 8 .4 3 .8 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .8 0 ----------------$ 1 .8 5 -----------------$ 1 .9 0 ----------------$ 1 . 9 5 -----------------$ 2 .0 0 ----------------- $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .0 5 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .1 5 $ 2 .2 0 and and and and and under under under under under $2. 05 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .1 5 $2. 20 $ 2 .2 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ 2 .2 5 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .3 0 $2. 35 $2. 40 $ 2 .4 5 $ 2. 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 2 .5 0 $2. 60 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $2. 60 -----------------$2. 70 -----------------$ 2 . 80 -----------------$2. 90 -----------------$ 3 . 0 0 ------------------ - - $ 3. 00 and o v e r -------------------------------- .1 .1 (2 ) .3 2. 5 2 .2 4. 7 1.1 2. 5 2 .0 2 .5 6 .7 2 .0 4 .1 Total -------------------------------------- 100 .0 100.0 100.0 1 00.0 100.0 1 00 .0 1 00.0 100 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 100.0 N um ber o f w o r k e rs -----------------------A v e ra g e h ou rly earnings 1-------------- 3, 552 $ 1 .4 7 5 ,0 3 6 $ 1 .7 5 8,051 $ 2.0 9 3,111 $ 1 .9 7 8,711 $ 1 .5 2 2 , 004 $ 1 .7 7 3, 724 $ 1 .8 4 14, 661 $ 1 .6 2 1 ,6 3 7 $ 2 .0 9 6, 074 $2. 10 1,052 $ 1 .9 3 1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r ov ertim e and fo r w ork on w eeken ds, h o lid a ys, and late shifts. 2 L ess than 0 .0 5 p e rce n t. N OTE: B eca u se o f rou nding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal 100. Table 7. Earnings Distribution: Cotton and Synthetic Broadwoven Fabrics, Selected States (P e r c e n t d istrib u tion o f prod u ction w ork ers in cotton and synthetic b road w oven fa b r ic s dyeing and finishing establishm ents by a vera g e s tra ig h t-tim e hou rly earnings, s e le c te d States, A pril—May 1961) Synthetic broadw oven fa b rics Cotton b road w oven fa b rics A v e ra g e h ou rly ea rn in gs 1 G eorgia M a ssa chusetts N orth C arolin a Rhode Island ( 2) ( 2) .6 .2 .1 .4 .2 0 .7 .4 ( 2) .1 .2 _ 0.1 1 .3 2 .3 2 .5 1 3.4 1 1.7 1 5.0 3 .4 2 .5 .6 2 .2 3 .0 4 .1 2 2 .8 .1 ( 2) .3 - 2 .0 1 0.4 11.8 4 .4 2 .1 6 .8 4. 1 1 .5 2. 3 1 .5 1 .8 3 .7 1 .5 2 .1 1 .8 16. 3 1 2.3 4 .6 2. 3 2 .2 .3 2 .9 .4 3 .4 1 .7 .8 3 .0 8. 3 2. 1 7 .9 1.1 .9 .7 .2 - .7 .2 .2 .3 ( 2) .i 2 .4 4 .0 9 .3 3. 1 2 .5 3 1 .4 3 1.9 4 .5 5 .0 2 .7 12.6 6 .3 3 .0 2 .4 1 .8 1 .3 .6 .3 .3 - 1.9 1.1 3 .9 1 .9 1.1 2 .6 .1 .8 .9 .1 - 1 .0 .8 .2 .6 .3 1.1 .1 .7 .5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .0 5 __ --------- _ $ 1 . 1 0 -----------------$ 1 . 1 5 _________ ___ $ 1 .2 0 ___________ $ 1 . 2 5 ___________ 0 .8 1 .2 3 .5 5 .9 5. 1 0. 1 ( 2) .2 .4 .2 0. 1 1 .3 .4 . 0. 3 .1 .3 .4 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 3 0 ___________ $ 1 .3 5 ___________ $ 1 . 4 0 ___________ $ 1 . 4 5 -----------------$ 1 . 5 0 ___________ 6 .9 1 2.2 10.7 7 .9 1 0.2 .3 .4 .9 1 .8 3. 5 5 .2 6. 1 5 .3 8. 3 1 2.2 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 5 5 ___________ $ 1 . 6 0 ___________ $ 1 .6 5 ___________ $ 1 . 7 0 ___________ $ 1 .7 5 ------------------ 6 .4 4 .9 4 .5 7 .4 3 .9 5 .2 1 8.2 1 2 .4 1 7.5 1 4 .4 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 8 0 -----------------$ 1 .8 5 ___________ $ 1 . 9 0 _______ $ 1 . 9 5 ___ ______ $ 2 . 0 0 ___________ 2. 5 1 .5 1 .0 .9 .6 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .0 5 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .1 5 $ 2 .2 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 0 5 ___________ $ 2 . 1 0 __ _____ _ $ 2 .1 5 ___________ $ 2 . 2 0 ___________ $ 2 . 2 5 ___________ .4 .4 ( 2) .3 .3 $ 2 .2 5 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .3 0 ___________ $ 2 . 3 5 -----------------$ 2 . 4 0 -----------------$ 2 . 4 5 __ ___ $ 2 . 5 0 _____ $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 6 0 ___________ $ 2 . 7 0 ___________ $ 2 . 8 0 ___________ $ 2 . 9 0 ___________ $ 3 . 0 0 ___________ $ 3 .0 0 and o v e r _____ ______ Total______________ N um ber o f w o r k e rs __ — — — _ A vera g e h ou rly earnings 1 — _ .9 B eca u se o f rounding, ( 2) .2 .3 - - - - .2 .2 - .1 _ ( 2) .1 .2 .1 ( 2) ( 2) - .2 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) .9 _ .4 3 .1 2 .0 3 .0 2 .6 5 .8 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 100.0 2, 336 $ 1 .4 5 4, 114 $ 1 .7 5 4 ,9 3 7 $ 1 .6 0 2 ,4 8 1 $ 1 .9 1 6 ,8 8 3 $ 2 . 12 2, 072 $ 1 .9 8 1 E xclu d es p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on w eeken ds, h o lid a ys, 2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e rce n t. N OTE: New Y ork _ - $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 .2 0 _ New J e rs e y sum s of individual item s m ay not equal 100. and late sh ifts. Table 8. Earnings Distribution: Selected Occupations (P e rc e n t distrib u tion o f m en in sele cte d production occupations in textile dyeing and finish in g establishm ents by a ve ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hou rly ea rn in g s, United States and s e le c te d re g io n s , A p ril—May 1961) United States 2 New England L a b o r e r s , m a te ria l handling D y ein g-m a ch in e te n d e rs, clo th C o lo r m ix e rs A v era g e h ou rly ea rn in gs 1 Middle Atlantic Southeast United States 2 New England M iddle A tlantic Southeast United States 2 New England M iddle A tlantic Southeast $ 1.05 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 .2 0 and and and and under under under under $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .2 5 ___ __ ___ ___________ ___ __ ___ __ _ ___ 0. 2 .1 1 .6 _ 0 .7 _ - _ 0 .4 . 1 2. 7 _ 0. 1 2. 1 .4 _ - _ 0 .4 .7 _ 0. 2 6 .6 .2 0. 3 .3 7 .3 11.6 _ 0 .4 .4 - _ 0. 5 .5 0 .5 .3 12.4 19. 8 $1. 25 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 ___________ ___________ ___ __ ___ __ ___ __ _ .6 .5 .9 1 .6 _ .4 1. 1 1. 1 - _ - _ 1 .0 .3 1. 3 2 .9 .4 .3 .2 1. 1 4 .5 1 .6 .5 2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .5 1 .2 .6 .3 2. 7 12.3 14. 3 1 0 .4 6. 8 4 .0 2. 8 1. 1 .4 1. 3 .2 .5 .5 .5 1.5 8 .0 2 4 .4 17.2 10.9 6 .0 3 .3 $ 1. 50 $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $1. 75 ___ __ ___ ___________ ------- ----___________ ___________ 3 .4 9 .3 11. 7 1 0.7 12. 2 2 .2 11. 1 5 .9 4. 8 1.5 1. 7 1.0 1 .7 5 .4 12.5 1 9.2 1 8.2 20. 9 7 .9 4. 8 11. 3 4 .9 1. 7 1. 1 5 .4 .9 18. 3 5. 1 .8 .4 5 .5 (3) .1 2 5 .5 12. 5 25. 1 4 .2 1.5 3. 8 4. 8 5 .0 5 .5 8. 6 4. 7 14. 2 9 .0 16.0 28. 2 1. 5 1. 0 4 .0 6 .0 1.5 3 .9 .6 .3 .1 - $ 1. 75 $ 1. 80 $ 1. 85 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 and and and and and unde r under under under under $ 1. 80 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 ___ ___ __ __ __ ___ _____ __ ___________ ___________ 8. 1 5. 1 7 .3 .5 1 .7 15.9 18.9 15.6 2 .6 7 .0 .3 1.3 2. 7 1.0 8. 7 .9 4 .6 - 5 .0 .6 2. 1 6. 1 3 .4 2 2 .3 .7 1 .4 26. 3 1.0 .5 .9 2 .7 .2 6 .6 .9 .2 1.0 1 .0 - 3 .0 2 .6 2 .0 .7 .6 7 .9 8 .6 5. 8 2 .0 “ 7. 5 3. 0 4 .0 1 .5 5 .0 .1 - $ 2 .0 0 $2. 05 $2. 10 $ 2 .1 5 $ 2 .2 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .0 5 $2. 10 $2. 15 $2. 20 $ 2 .2 5 ___________ --------------------- __ ----___________ ________ __ 1 .2 1. 3 1 .6 1. 7 7 .4 .7 1. 1 3 .3 - 4 .3 4 .3 2 .0 7 .4 32. 1 .9 - 3. 1 3 3 .3 2. 8 2 .5 .3 4. 1 2 .9 2. 3 1. 7 .7 3 .7 6 5 .3 3. 8 4 .2 .3 1. 5 2. 7 1.0 “ 3. 1 .7 .6 .6 .1 " 3 1 .2 7 .5 6. 0 6. 5 1.0 _ - $ 2 .2 5 $ 2. 30 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .3 0 ___________ $2. 35 ___________ $ 2 .4 0 -----------------$ 2 .4 5 ----- __ ----$ 2 .5 0 ------------------ 8. 7 1. 1 .2 .5 5 .9 - 28. 8 5 .0 1.0 2 .0 _ - .2 .6 (3 ) .3 - .3 1 .2 - .2 .6 .6 - " - - - - $2. $2. $2. $2. $2. and and and and and under under under under under $2. 60 $2. 70 $2. 80 $2. 9 0 $ 3 .0 0 - 2 .0 - _ (3 ) _ - .1 - (3 ) - “ .5 - - - - - - - - - - 50 60 70 80 90 $3. 00 and o v e r ----------— __ ___________ -----------------______ ____ ___________ ------------------------------- .5 .3 - _ _ - - - 1.3 _ - - - - > Xotal _________________________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 N um ber o f w o r k e rs ----------- __ ----A v era g e h ou rly ea rn in gs 1 -------------- 1,305 $ 1. 81 270 $1. 80 299 $2. 19 698 $ 1 .6 4 4, 381 $1. 83 883 $1. 81 2, 134 $ 1 .9 9 1 ,240 $ 1 .5 6 2, 044 $ 1 .4 7 556 $ 1 .6 9 199 $1. 88 1, 195 $ 1 .2 9 See footn otes at end o f table, Table 8. Earnings Distribution: Selected Occupations----Continued (P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of m en in s elected production occu p ation s in textile dyeing and finish in g esta b lish m en ts by a ve ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rnings, 1 United States and s e le c te d re g io n s, A p ril—May 1961) M echanics, m aintenance A vera g e hou rly ea rn in gs 1 United States 23 New England M iddle A tlantic $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 .2 0 and and and and under under under under $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .2 5 ___________ ___ ___________ ___________ _ - $1. 25 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 _ _ .. ___________ ___ ______ ____ ____ _ 0. 1 .9 .3 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1. 70 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $1. 70 $ 1 .7 5 ___________ ___________ _ ___________ ___________ 1.6 .9 4 .7 3. 7 5. 8 $ 1. 75 $1. 80 $1. 85 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .8 0 $1. 8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 4 .6 1 3.6 6. 8 7 .2 10.6 _ _ 3 .7 3 .7 _ 11.9 3 .7 14.9 2 1 .6 $2. 00 $ 2 .0 5 $2. 10 $2. 15 $2. 20 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .0 5 $2. 10 $2. 15 $2. 20 $ 2 .2 5 _ ___________ ___________ ___________ 6 .0 6 .6 3. 1 4. 1 .5 11.2 6 .0 14.2 .7 .7 0. 6 _ 1 .3 _ 12.2 1 .9 .6 1 .9 $2. 25 $2. 30 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 3 0 ___________ $2. 35 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 5 $ 2 .5 0 ___________ 1.5 2 .3 5 .6 1 .4 4 .6 6 .7 .7 _ _ - 1 .3 1 0.3 2 6 .3 5. 1 21. 8 $2. $2. $2. $2. $2. and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .6 0 $2. 70 $2. 80 $2. 90 ___________ $ 3 .0 0 ___________ 1. 8 1. 1 .4 .3 _ _ _ - ____________________ - - 50 60 70 80 90 $ 3 .0 0 and o v e r T otal __ N um ber o f w o r k e rs _______________ A vera g e h ou rly earnings 1 ________ . - - _ - T e n te r-fra m e tenders Southeast United States 2 . - . 0. 2 .3 .2 _ _ 0 .2 1 .6 .5 _ .6 .6 4. 7 3 .0 2. 8 1 .6 4 .9 5 .2 9 .4 New England B eca u se o f rounding, Southeast New England M iddle Atlantic Southeast 1 .0 - 0 .3 0. 8 .4 .2 0 .4 .5 _ - _ 0 .4 - _ 0 .5 1.3 _ _ _ 2 .2 _ .i .3 1 .0 1. 8 1 .9 1.3 15. 2 6 .6 .5 .5 .3 2 .4 5 .6 1. 1 2 .2 1. 1 4 .3 4 .3 .4 _ _ .4 1 .9 .3 .3 .3 4 .3 11.5 6 .5 7. 8 1 3 .4 5 .0 6 .5 .7 14. 7 5 .9 1 1.3 2 3 .0 1 .9 6 .3 1 .0 1. 8 1. 1 2 0 .5 5 .9 32. 1 5 .9 1.5 12. 7 4. 1 3. 7 .6 8 .0 2. 7 4. 3 4 .3 _ 1 9.6 2. 1 2. 1 .8 .4 1. 1 32. 8 6. 7 3 .5 1.3 11. 0 8 .0 1 9.5 10.4 7. 1 11. 1 2 .6 3 .2 4 .6 5 .3 2. 8 .6 4 .9 .8 7. 5 3 .4 19.6 _ 33. 7 _ _ _ _ _ - 1.3 2. 1 .6 4 .0 4 .4 4 .3 7.3 1.6 10. 5 .3 2 3 .3 2 .2 5 .9 .5 - 6. 3 1 .3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 .4 4 .5 6 .6 5 .4 2. 2 6. 8 5 .2 .2 5 .4 _ _ _ - 2. 7 2 .0 17.6 3 .4 2. 7 _ _ 12.3 .5 _ _ 47. 8 19.9 4 .9 .5 .3 .3 8 .3 5. 1 1 .9 _ 1 .3 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - .7 _ .3 _ - - _ . _ _ _ 5 2 .3 4 .9 7 .0 .8 1.5 _ .8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 .2 9 .0 2 .2 _ 1 .6 .5 3 .0 .3 .8 .5 .3 1. 1 .5 .5 . 1 .4 _ .6 - .8 .4 2. 2 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 738 $ 1 .9 8 134 $ 1 .9 7 156 $2. 36 425 $1. 84 1, 776 $1. 78 408 $ 1 .7 7 790 $ 1 .9 3 473 $ 1 .5 6 1 ,0 7 8 $ 1. 81 184 $1. 74 473 $ 1 .9 7 372 $ 1.6 3 1 E xclu d es p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eeken d s, h olid a ys, and late sh ifts. Inclu des data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown s e p a ra te ly. 3 L e s s than 0. 05 p e rce n t. N OTE: M iddle A tlantic W in d ers, cloth United States 2 sum s of individual item s m ay not equal 100, Table 9. Occupational Averages: All Establishments (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings of workers in selected occupations in textile dyeing and finishing establishments, United States and selected regions, April—May 1961) A ger o p era tors _________________ —----------y pn ___________________________________ B ack ten d ers, printing __ _ ______-___ N arrow (under 48 in ch es) ---------------W ide (48 in ch es and o v e r ) ----------------B a tch ers - ____ — ---------- ------------ B o il-o f f m achine o p e r a to r s -------------------C alender ten ders -----------------------------------C o lor m ix e rs _________ _____ — — -___ ]")yp ini Qp _ _ _ _ ____________ P rin t shop — __ __ ________ _______ Continuous bleach range o p e ra to rs ------D ouble- and r o ll-m a c h in e o p e ra to rs ----M en — — —----------- ---------- W om en _______ _______ ____ _ _ D ry -c a n s o p era tors --------------------------------D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, c lo t h 4 ----------B eck or box _ — — ~ ----------- — Continuous __ri^1___________,,___ ,r: _L_^__ Jig or p a d _____________________________ D yein g-m ach in e ten d ers, yarn ------------E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance --------------------F in ish in g-ra n ge o p e r a t o r s --------------------In s p e c to r s, cloth , hand ------------------------Men ___________________________________ W om en —. — ------------ ------- — - In s p e c t o r s , cloth , m achine -------------------____ ___ _____ ___ _____ ____ — Men -------W om en __ — ---------------- — J a n it o r s --- --------------- ---------------- — -----— - — -— W o m e n ----- ----K icr b o ile r s __ | . . __ __11_aL~ l_l__ L a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l handling ------- ------— M ach in ists, m aintenance _ - — M angle tenders — - - ------M ech an ics, m a in te n a n c e _________ _— -----P r in t e r s , m achine — ---------------—________ N arrow (under 48 in ch e s) __ Wide (48 in ch es and o v e r ) ----------------P r in t e r s , s c r e e n , h a n d -------------------------M e n ______ ________________ — — ____ ___ P rin tin g-m a ch in e h e lp e rs ---------------------S a n forizer o p era tors — -------------------------T e n te r -fr a m e tenders _ __ W asher tenders —_ — — W in ders, cloth — -------------------------------- — Men __ „ ______________________ —---------W om en _____ - -------- — W in d ers, y a r n ---------------------------------:------M e n __________________________________ W o m e n ------- --------------------- —------ ------— 1 2 3 4 Num ber of w o rk e rs 289 265 1, 056 616 440 936 496 860 1, 305 591 714 310 311 262 49 890 4, 382 1,249 515 2 ,4 9 0 528 292 1, 166 636 491 145 929 622 307 606 544 62 193 2, 056 293 518 738 805 478 327 892 790 1,267 341 1,808 497 1,261 1, 078 183 2, 170 136 2, 034 A verage hourly earnings $ 1 .6 6 1.72 1.81 1.71 1.95 1.77 1.82 1.79 1.81 1.79 1.82 1.70 1.66 1.71 1.43 1.72 1.83 1.90 1.68 1.83 1.66 2 .02 1.71 1.76 1.84 1.48 1.69 1.71 1.64 1.36 1.37 1.32 1.64 1.47 2.0 3 1.66 1.98 4 .0 7 4 .1 3 3.99 1.70 1.72 1.78 1.68 1.7 8 1.65 1.77 1.81 1.54 1.43 1 .60 1.42 Number of w o rk e rs 66 66 234 174 60 166 63 244 270 99 171 73 47 38 9 206 884 78 127 679 75 44 493 142 106 36 174 72 102 68 64 43 556 61 96 134 201 146 55 249 _ 176 56 432 138 270 184 86 218 _ 216 A verage hourly earnings $ 1 .7 1 1.71 1.74 1.71 1.82 1.75 1 .80 1.7 8 1 .80 1.82 1.78 1.77 1.75 1.77 1.66 1.74 1.81 1.88 1.75 1.81 1.79 2 .09 1.73 1.84 1.91 1.63 1 .70 1.76 1.66 1 .6 0 1.61 1.75 1.69 1.99 1.75 1.97 4 .0 4 4 .0 7 3.95 1.62 1.69 1.86 1.76 1.76 1.71 1.74 1.63 1.61 - 1.61 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. In occupations for which data are not shown by sex, all or virtually all of the workers were men. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Includes data for other types of machines in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. Sout heast M iddle Atlantic New England United States 3 O ccupation and sex 2 Number of w o rk e rs 59 59 285 257 448 295 245 299 145 154 29 60 36 24 301 2, 134 983 1,049 74 26 293 16 186 136 50 52 52 199 35 86 156 256 43 213 273 273 584 30 794 75 494 473 143 20 123 A verage hourly earnings $ 2 . 03 2. 03 2. 12 2. 14 1.99 1.96 1.98 2 .19 2 .1 4 2 .2 4 2. 00 1.74 1.95 1.44 1.95 1.99 1.95 2 .0 3 2. 06 2 .3 0 1 .88 1.72 1.82 1.92 1.54 1.79 1.79 1 .88 2 .4 4 1.95 2 .3 6 4 .0 9 4.3 1 4 .0 4 2 .1 5 2 .1 5 2 .0 0 1.75 1.93 1.97 1.95 1.97 1 .64 1.89 1.59 Num ber of w ork ers 146 122 515 414 101 296 132 327 698 326 372 171 189 173 348 1,240 188 332 665 335 206 370 425 362 63 507 375 132 431 390 41 114 1,207 173 320 425 337 289 48 326 326 386 245 477 267 442 372 70 1,649 1,535 Average hourly earnings $1 .4 7 1.55 1.68 1.69 1.64 1.47 1.53 1.63 1.64 1.63 1.65 1.61 1.59 1.62 1.51 1.56 1.64 1.59 1.53 1.54 1.94 1.54 1.75 1.81 1.36 1.63 1.62 1.66 1.26 1.26 1.24 1.51 1.29 1.93 1.55 1.84 4 .1 5 4 .1 3 4 .2 3 1.38 1.38 1.59 1.62 1.56 1.49 1.60 1.63 1.47 1.39 1.38 Table 10. Occupational Averages: By Plant Ownership (Num ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of workers in selected occupations in independent textile dyeing and finishing plants and in plants owned by textile firm s, United States and selected regions, April—May 1961) United States 2 O ccupation and sex Independent plants Number of w ork ers A verage hourly earnings New England Plants owned by textile firm s Number of w ork ers A verage hourly earnings Independent plants Number of w o rk e rs A verage hourly earnings M iddle Atlantic Plants owned by textile firm s Number of w ork ers A verage hourly earnings Independent plants Number of w ork ers A vera ge hourly earnings Southeast Plants owned by textile fir m s Num ber of w ork ers Independent plants Plants owned by textile firm s A v era ge Num ber Average Number Average hourly of hourly of hourly earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings Men A ger o p e ra to rs ---------------- ----------- --- _ B ack ten d ers, p r i n t in g --------------------------N arrow (under 48 in ch e s) ______ _____ Wide (48 in ch es and o v e r ) ___________ B a t c h e r s ____________________ __ ___ ____ _ B o i l -o f f m achine o p era to rs _____________ C alender ten ders —__________________ _____ _____ C olor m ix e rs __ __ ____ Dye house ___ ____ _____ ___ _________ P rin t shop __ ___ ___ __ ______ _____ Continuous bleach range o p e r a t o r s ____ D ouble- and r o ll-m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ___ D ry -c a n s o p e ra to rs _____________________ D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, c lo t h 3 ----------B eck or b o x __________________________ Continuous ____________ ______________ Jig or pad _ __ __ __ __ ____ _ _ D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, y a r n _________ E le c t r ic ia n s , m aintenance ___ ____ F in ish in g-ra n ge op era to r s ______________ I n s p e c t o r s , cloth , hand _________________ In s p e cto rs, cloth , m a c h i n e -------------------Jan itors ___ _____ _____ _________ _ K ier b o ile r s __ _____ __ _ L a b o r e r s , m a te ria l h a n d lin g ___________ M a ch in is ts , m aintenance ________ M angle ten ders ____ M ech a n ics, m a in te n a n c e ________________ P rin ter s , m achine _ ___ _ ______ N arrow (under 48 i n c h e s ) ___ _________ Wide (48 in ch es and o v e r ) ___________ P r in te r s , s c r e e n , h a n d ___ _ _ P rin tin g-m a ch in e h e l p e r s __ __ S a n forizer op e r a to r s __ __ — T e n te r -fr a m e tenders __ ___ W asher ten ders _________________________ W inder s , cloth _ __ __ __ ___ 140 478 160 318 699 378 536 621 294 327 119 103 519 3, 147 1, 049 107 1,934 255 102 736 164 282 187 103 818 158 169 358 386 144 242 690 736 61 1,234 188 766 $1.81 1.94 1.77 2 .02 1.86 1.91 1.86 1.93 1.92 1.94 1.78 1.77 1.84 1.90 1.95 1.82 1.87 1.71 2. 12 1.77 1.70 1. 77 1.50 1.64 1.64 2 .0 8 1.86 2 .0 8 3.91 4 .1 0 3.81 1.74 1.92 1.77 1.85 1.79 1.87 125 554 432 122 213 118 324 684 297 387 191 159 371 1,234 200 408 555 273 190 420 327 340 357 90 1,226 135 347 380 419 334 85 _ 443 280 542 309 312 $ 1 .6 1 1.73 1.71 1.78 1.54 1.54 1.67 1.70 1.67 1.72 1.65 1.66 1.56 1.65 1.66 1.64 1.67 1 .60 1.96 1.59 1 .9 0 1. 66 1.30 1.65 1 .36 1 .9 8 1.56 1 .8 8 4 .2 2 4 .1 4 4 .5 0 _ 1.6 4 1 .66 1.6 4 1 .56 1 .66 51 178 138 40 136 61 199 191 76 115 56 31 173 713 66 39 608 75 33 398 67 47 45 25 397 52 77 92 139 112 27 _ 118 24 305 93 166 $ 1 .7 4 1.75 1.75 1.77 1.76 1.81 1.79 1.81 1.84 1 .8 0 1.75 1.72 1.73 1.78 1.86 1.68 1.78 1.79 2 .0 9 1.75 1.88 1. 75 1.59 1.7 2 1 .7 0 2 .0 0 1.7 4 1 .9 8 3 .93 4 .0 6 3 .3 7 _ 1.71 1.75 1.73 1 .68 1 .74 136 897 1.58 1.41 171 1,137 1.69 1.43 42 216 1 .68 1.61 15 56 _ _ 21 _ 45 79 23 56 17 7 33 170 _ 88 11 95 25 19 18 159 9 17 42 62 _ _ _ 58 _ 103 _ 18 $ 1 .6 0 1.69 _ _ 1.67 _ 1.73 1.76 1.77 1.75 1.82 1.99 1.82 1.92 _ 1.79 _ 2. 08 1.66 - 1. 77 1.65 1 .8 0 1.65 1.92 1.81 1 .96 4. 28 _ _ _ 1.64 _ 1.89 _ 1.77 54 262 _ 240 435 295 243 271 134 137 _ 36 284 2, 075 983 _ 1,006 46 23 264 _ 125 40 _ 148 28 76 152 230 32 198 273 561 9 759 64 468 $2. 02 2. 13 _ 2. 15 2.01 1.96 1 .9 8 2 .2 0 2. 17 2 .2 4 _ 1.95 1.9 7 2. 00 1.95 _ 2. 04 2 .2 5 2. 31 1 .9 0 _ 1. 93 1.87 _ 1 .9 4 2 .4 6 2 .0 0 2 .3 7 4 .0 2 4 .2 3 3.99 2 .1 5 2.01 2 .0 3 1 .94 2 .0 2 1 .9 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 11 _ _ _ _ 59 _ _ 43 28 _ . _ 49 - 1 .5 4 " . 70 12 _ 51 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 11 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 2 . 06 1.77 _ _ _ _ 1.68 _ _ 1.76 1 .74 _ _ _ _ 1.51 _ 1.69 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.69 1.71 - 17 _ _ _ _ _ 54 123 65 58 _ 21 33 237 _ _ 223 90 31 _ _ _ 68 47 179 _ _ 91 _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 _ 83 $ 1 .2 7 _ _ _ _ _ 1.47 1.51 1.54 1.47 _ 1.44 1.36 1.39 _ _ 1.38 1.41 1.86 _ _ _ 1.22 1.34 1.28 _ _ 1.76 _ _ _ _ _ $ 1.59 1.72 1.72 1.70 1.52 1.54 1.66 1.67 1.66 1.69 1.62 1.65 1.53 1.60 1.64 1.60 1.60 1.59 1.95 1.57 1.90 1. 65 1.27 1.62 1.30 1.96 1.55 1.86 4 .1 7 4 .1 3 4 .39 1.47 _ 1.54 105 475 390 85 186 116 273 575 261 314 159 152 315 1,003 188 320 442 245 175 298 285 296 322 67 1, 016 117 312 334 331 289 42 _ 362 225 402 249 289 1.29 110 1, 067 1.71 1.42 _ _ 1.62 1.62 1.58 1.49 1.65 W om en I n s p e c to r s, cloth , m achine W in ders, yarn __ __ _ _ 1 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and for w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. Includes data fo r r e g io n s in addition to those shown separately. Includes data fo r other types of m achines in addition to those shown s ep arately. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. _ . - - . 1 .6 0 _ 468 Table 11. Occupational Averages: Cotton Broadwoven Fabrics (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in cotton broadwoven fabrics dyeing and finishing establishments, United States and selected regions, April—May 1961) New England United States 2 O ccupation and sex Number of w o rk e rs Average hourly earnings Numbe r of w o rk e rs Middle Atlantic A verage hourly earnings Number of w o rk e rs Southeast A verage hourly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs Average hourly earnings Men A g er op e r a to r s __ _ _ _ _ B ack ten d ers, printing N arrow (under 48 in ch es) _ _ ___ _____ __ Wide (48 inches and o v e r ) ____ __________ B atch ers ________________________________________ B o il-o f f m achine o p e r a to r s ___________________ C alender tenders ____ ___________________________ C olor m ix e r s _____________ ______________________ Dye house ____________________________________ P rin t shop ________________________________ ___ Continuous blea ch range o p e r a to r s ___________ D ouble- and r o ll-m a c h in e o p e r a to r s _________ D ry -c a n s o p e r a t o r s __________________ ___________ D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, c lo t h 3 ___ ____________ B eck o r box __________________________________ Continuous _______ ________ ___ _________ ___ _ Jig or pad _ __ __ _____ __ ___ E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance ____________________ F in ish in g -ra n g e o p e ra to rs _ _ __ ___ In s p e cto rs, cloth , hand __ __ __ In spector s, cloth , m achine ______ _____________ Jani to r s ___ ____________________ ________ ________ K ier b o ile r s ____ __ __ __ _____ ____________ L a b o r e r s , m a teria l handling __________________ M achinists, m aintenance _______________ ______ M angle ten ders __ __ __ ____ __ ___ _______ M ech an ics, m aintenance _______________________ P r in te r s , m achine ______________________________ N arrow (under 48 in ch es) __ ________ Wide (48 inches and o v e r ) ___________________ P r in te r s , s c r e e n , hand ____ __ _ __ ______ P rin tin g-m a ch in e h elp e rs _____________________ S an forizer o p e ra to rs __________________ _________ T e n te r -fr a m e tenders --------------------------------------W asher tenders ______ __________________________ W inders, cloth _________________________________ . 40 30 47 47 22 29 74 286 105 156 8 49 11 20 67 21 12 47 - 205 726 564 162 357 150 517 875 310 565 298 202 518 1, 807 235 415 1, 105 211 648 442 403 360 155 1,378 234 420 428 550 446 104 477 580 334 893 414 504 $1.63 1. 71 1. 72 1.70 1.58 1.69 1. 71 1.72 1. 70 1.73 1. 71 1.72 1.63 1. 73 1.91 1.66 1.72 2.02 1.65 1.86 1.66 1.36 1. 71 1.43 2 .00 1.59 1.94 4.1 3 4. 12 4. 15 1.54 1.63 1.67 1.69 1.60 1.69 53 171 56 286 116 61 1.63 1.68 1. 86 1.75 1.77 1.70 24 132 28 51 106 158 121 1.45 1.77 1.57 24 80 50 1.59 1.66 1.65 " 62 190 168 _ 56 145 209 56 153 73 32 105 526 23 96 407 35 321 104 43 44 37 381 35 72 82 176 146 - $ 1 .6 9 1. 73 1. 71 1.69 1. 71 1 .78 1. 76 1.79 1.77 1. 80 1. 75 1. 76 1.89 1.79 1.75 2 .0 7 1.69 1.91 1. 74 1.62 1. 74 1.67 1.97 1. 75 1.99 4. 14 4 .0 7 - - _ _ $ 1 .9 9 1.99 1. 86 2. 11 2 .0 3 2. 00 1. 88 2 .0 3 2. 13 1.98 2 .2 7 1. 80 1. 75 1. 77 1. 78 2. 26 1.61 2. 29 - 1.65 1.91 1. 74 1. 87 122 491 390 101 250 93 290 586 214 372 159 144 313 928 107 300 502 152 268 324 310 264 84 852 154 320 288 337 289 48 326 386 244 424 253 358 $1.55 1. 70 1.72 1.64 1.47 1.55 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.62 1.65 1.53 1.60 1.69 1.60 1.59 1.95 1.58 1. 85 1.63 1.27 1.59 1.28 1.93 1.55 1. 87 4. 15 4. 13 4.23 1.38 1.59 1.62 1.56 1.49 1.63 63 53 64 1.36 1.99 1.47 W om en In sp ectors, cloth , h a n d __ _____________________ In s p e cto rs, cloth , m achine ____________________ W in ders, cloth __ ________ __ __ ------- 1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. 2 Includes data fo r r e g io n s in addit; n to those shown separately. 3 Includes data fo r other types o f m achines in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: D ashes indica te no data re p o rte d o r data that do not m eet publication c r it e r ia . “ Table 12. Occupational Averages: Synthetic Broadwoven Fabrics (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in synthetic broadwoven fabrics dyeing and finishing establishments, United States and selected regions, April—May 1961) * United States 2 O ccupation and sex A g er o p e r a to r s ___________________ B ack ten d ers, printing ___________ W ide (48 in ch es and o v e r ) _____ B atch ers B o il-o f f m achine op e r a to r s ____ Calender ten ders _______________ C o lo r m ix e r s ___________________ Dye house __ P rint shop ________ D ouble- and roll-m achin ie o p e r a to r s D ry -c a n s o p e r a t o r s __________________ D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, c lo t h 3 ____ B eck o r box _______________________ Jig or pad E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance __________ F in ish in g -ra n g e o p e r a to r s __________ In s p e cto rs, cloth , m achine _________ Jan itors L a b o r e r s , m a teria l handling M ach in ists, m aintenance ___ Mangle tenders M ech an ics, m aintenance P r in t e r s , m achine N arrow (under 48 in ch es) ___ W ide (48 in ch es and o v e r ) ___ P rin tin g -m a ch in e h e lp e rs ______ T e n te r -fr a m e ten ders __________ W asher ten ders __________ W in ders, cloth ___________ Number of w ork ers 58 306 278 555 331 342 373 226 147 59 333 2,539 1,014 1,384 58 l *503 219 82 332 47 88 212 255 32 223 599 869 68 574 A verage hourly earnings $ 2 .0 2 2 .0 8 2. 10 1.92 1.90 1.90 2 .0 4 1.95 2. 18 1.66 1. 86 1.90 1.90 1.91 2 .0 7 1.78 1.80 1.52 1. 71 2 .2 0 1.98 2. 12 3.9 5 4 .2 3 3.91 1.99 1. 88 1.96 1.92 New England Num ber of w o rk e rs M iddle Atlantic A verage hourly earnings 44 - $ 1 .7 8 101 42 99 57 39 1. 78 1.79 1. 87 1. 84 1.90 78 355 1.80 1. 88 271 6 167 29 16 105 23 1.90 2 .2 4 1. 82 1.78 1.58 1.79 2.0 3 18 - 1.97 - - - _ - 108 - _ 1.85 - 123 1. 76 Number of w o rk e rs A vera ge hourly earnings 54 262 240 401 265 197 250 121 129 25 211 1, 815 878 893 18 242 125 29 121 14 72 106 230 32 198 561 658 47 422 $ 2 .0 2 2. 13 2. 15 2 .0 0 1.96 2.01 2.21 2. 17 2. 25 1. 88 1.97 1.99 1.93 2 .0 4 2 .3 2 1.90 1.93 1. 86 1.96 2. 71 2. 02 2. 39 4. 02 4 .2 3 3 .99 2.01 1.93 2. 11 1.99 22 48 1.40 1.54 Numbe r of w o rk e rs _ _ 38 24 37 66 66 30 148 1.31 1.51 " E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r ove rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts. Includes data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data fo r other types o f m achines in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: D ashes in dica te no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication c r it e r ia . “ $ 1 .5 0 1.42 1.45 1.57 1.57 _ 35 312 81 163 34 94 65 37 106 10 1.41 1.44 1.57 1.34 1.90 1.43 1. 54 1.23 1.37 1 . 86 79 1. 85 _ _ _ 49 - W om en D ou ble- and r o ll-m a c h in e o p e r a to r s In s p e cto rs, cloth , m achine _________ Average hourly earnings 79 Table 13. Occupational Averages: By Size of Community (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in textile dyeing and finishing establishments in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas United States and selected regions, April—May 1961) O ccupation and se x M etropolitan areas N um ber of A verage hourly earnings N onm etropolitan areas Number of w ork ers M etropolitan areas A verage hourly earnings Number of w o rk e rs A vera ge hourly earnings Southeast M iddle A tlantic New ! United States 2 N onm etropolitan areas M etropolitan areas M etropolitan areas Number of w ork ers A vera ge hourly earnings Number of w ork ers A vera ge hourly earnings Number of w ork ers A v era ge h ou rly earnings 28 116 56 60 91 $1.7 1 1 .76 1.7 0 1.82 1 .78 $ 1 .5 5 1 .7 4 1.79 1.85 1.88 1.82 1 .75 1.71 1.79 1 .8 7 1 .9 7 1.92 1 .85 $2 03 2. 14 2.02 2. 14 2.02 2. 06 1.98 2.22 2. 18 2. 26 2.00 2. 07 1.9 7 2.02 2.00 34 142 149 105 47 58 39 22 92 408 39 50 319 57 267 10 257 424 226 240 271 129 142 29 29 281 1,928 844 167 81 135 211 118 93 21 36 71 346 1 .44 1.50 1.58 1.64 1.61 1.6 7 1.63 1.50 1.50 1.56 1.56 1.56 2 .0 5 1.71 2 .0 4 1.8 0 1.62 1 .7 4 1.69 2.02 1.73 2.02 4 .0 0 4 .0 7 3 .9 5 2 .0 4 2. 06 2. 31 1.93 121 184 23 224 43 48 39 26 275 43 45 45 104 49 55 988 74 25 235 83 1.92 119 49 1.95 1.80 185 35 1.60 1 .5 4 1.29 1 .55 1.30 1.92 1 .5 4 1.82 109 1 .70 271 69 1.80 1.85 1 .78 153 238 25 213 195 540 30 713 75 445 1.90 2 .4 4 1.95 2 .3 7 4. 04 4 .0 0 4 .0 4 2. 18 2 .0 3 1.75 1 .97 1 .97 2.00 109 156 148 47 357 104 183 174 92 215 138 182 1.59 1 .5 6 1.50 1 .5 5 33 123 1.55 1.59 44 1.51 N onm etropolitan areas Number of w ork ers A verage hourly earnings Men A g e r op era tors ---------------------------------------B ack ten d ers, p r in tin g ----------------------------N arrow (under 48 in ch es) ------------------W ide (48 inches and o v e r ) ------------------B a tch ers ---------------------------------------------------B o il-o f f m achine o p e r a t o r s --------------------C alend er te n d e r s--------------------------------------C o lo r m ix e rs -------------------------------------------Dye h o u s e --------------------------------------------P rin t shop -------------------------------------------Continuous bleach range o p e r a t o r s -------D ou b le- and ro ll-m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s -----D ry -c a n s o p e ra to rs --------------------------------D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, cloth 3------------B eck or box ---------------------------------------C on tin u ou s-------------------------------------------Jig or pad -------------------------------------------D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, yarn --------------E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance --------------------F in ish in g-ra n ge o p e r a t o r s ---------------------In s p e cto rs, cloth , hand -------------------------In s p ectors, cloth , m achine -------------------Jan itors ----------------------------------------------------K ier b o ile r s --------------------------------------------L a b o r e r s , m a teria l handling ----------------M ach in ists, m a in ten a n ce ------------------------M angle tenders ---------------------------------------M ech a n ics, m aintenance ------------------------P r in t e r s , m achine ----------------------------------N arrow (under 48 in ch e s) ------------------Wide (48 inches and o v e r ) ------------------P r in t e r s , s c r e e n , hand -------------------------P rin tin g-m a ch in e h elp ers ---------------------S a n forizer o p era tors ------------------------------T e n te r -fr a m e t e n d e r s -----------------------------W asher tenders ---------------------------------------W in ders, cloth ------------------------------------------ 147 549 248 301 668 339 501 683 318 365 121 96 486 2, 814 919 252 1,571 342 144 566 189 330 255 98 910 179 326 408 435 201 234 234 669 151 1,110 295 743 $1.82 1.92 1.76 2 .0 5 1.84 1.90 1.84 1.92 1.88 1.95 1.81 1.80 1.83 1.92 1.97 1.68 1.92 1.74 2 .0 7 1.81 1.71 1.73 1.45 1.73 1.57 2. 08 1.69 2 .0 7 4. 00 4. 10 3.93 2.0 9 1.96 1.68 1.85 1.68 1.86 118 483 344 139 244 157 359 622 273 349 189 166 404 1,567 330 263 918 186 148 590 302 292 289 95 1,134 114 190 330 370 277 93 556 510 190 666 202 335 $1.59 1.71 1.70 1.75 1.63 1.65 1.72 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.63 1. 65 1.59 1.67 1. 70 1.67 1.66 1.49 1.96 1.61 1.92 1. 69 1.30 1.55 1.39 1.96 1. 59 1.86 4. 15 4. 15 4.1 4 1.56 1.63 1.68 1.67 1.60 1.71 38 118 118 66 95 165 52 113 34 16 114 475 77 359 75 21 269 63 24 25 17 281 18 49 89 97 97 39 67 21 137 69 82 109 801 1.57 1.52 198 1,233 1.68 1.36 216 W om en In s p e cto rs, cloth , m achine W in d ers, yarn -------------------- $1.7 1 1.71 1.71 1 .70 1.75 1 .7 7 1 .7 7 1 .7 6 1.79 1 .8 4 1.71 1.75 1 .65 1 .76 1.79 2 .1 3 1 .7 5 1.82 1.68 1 .5 8 1 .7 6 1 .6 8 1.93 1.7 7 1.95 4 .0 7 4 .0 7 1 .6 6 1 .6 7 1 .7 6 1.71 1.67 1.69 . 1 Excludes prem iu m pay fo r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. 2 Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data fo r other types o f m achines in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. _ 1.61 102 93 86 481 170 123 310 253 219 242 67 838 69 137 251 248 210 38 326 324 153 258 129 190 $ 1 .5 5 1. 69 1. 69 1.70 1.53 1.57 1.67 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.60 1.65 1.52 1.56 1.67 1. 61 1.51 1.49 1.95 1.53 1.91 1.6 7 1.25 1.48 1.29 1.9 4 1.5 6 1.85 4 .1 7 4.12 4.42 1.38 1.59 1.63 1.56 1.48 1.70 88 1,149 1.7 4 1.36 88 349 270 79 121 51 192 487 208 279 150 137 277 894 152 211 Table 14. Occupational Averages: By Size of Establishment (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings of workers in selected occupations in textile dyeing and finishing establishments by size of establishment, United States and selected regions, April—May 1961) New England United States M iddle A tlantic Southeast E stablishm ents with— O ccupation and s e x 20-249 w ork ers Number A verage of hourly w ork ers earnings 250 or m o re w ork ers Number of w orkers A v era ge hourly earnings 250 o r m o re w o rk e rs 20-249 w ork ers Num ber of w o rk e rs A v era ge hourly earnings 20-249 w ork ers Num ber A vera ge Number A verage of hourly hourly of w o rk e rs earnings w o rk e rs earnings 250 or m ore w ork ers Num ber of w ork ers A v era ge h ou rly earnings 46 115 108 74 32 71 92 27 65 42 332 265 47 18 95 51 19 $ 2 .0 3 2 .0 9 2. 10 2 .01 2 .0 4 1.91 2.2 1 2. 13 2 .2 5 1 .9 4 2 .0 4 2 .0 4 2 .0 2 2 .2 9 1.95 1 .9 8 1 .7 8 250 or m ore w ork ers 20-249 w ork ers Num ber of w ork ers A vera ge hourly earnings Number A verage of hourly w ork ers earnings Men A g e r op era tors ---------------------------------------B a ck ten d ers, printing ---------------------------N arrow (under 48 in ch e s) ------------------Wide (48 inches and o v e r ) ------------------B atchers ---------------------------------------------------B o il-o f f m achine o p era to rs -------------------Calender tenders -------------------------------------C o lo r m ix e rs -------------------------------------------Dye house -------------------------------------------P rin t shop -------------------------------------------Continuous bleach range o p e r a t o r s -------D ou ble- and r o ll-m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s -----D ry -ca n s o p era tors ---------------------------------D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, cloth 3 -----------B eck or box -----------------------------------------Continuous Jig or p a d --------------------------------------------D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, y a r n --------------E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance -------------------F in ish in g-ra n ge o p era tors -------------------In s p ectors, cloth, h a n d ---------------------------In s p e cto rs, cloth , m achine -------------------J a n ito r s ------------------------------------------------------K ier b o ile r s --------------------------------------------L a b o r e r s , m a te ria l h a n d lin g ------------------M ach in ists, m aintenance -----------------------M angle t e n d e r s -----------------------------------------M ech a n ics, m aintenance ------------------------P r in te r s , m achine ----------------------------------N arrow (under 48 in ch e s) ----------------W ide (48 inches and o v e r ) ----------------P r in te r s , s c r e e n , hand -------------------------P rin tin g-m ach in e h e l p e r s -----------------------S a n forizer op era tors ------------------------------T e n te r -fr a m e tenders ----------------------------W asher tenders ---------------------------------------W in ders, c l o t h ------------------------------------------ 53 266 79 187 537 333 322 426 242 184 69 76 455 2,642 781 139 1,662 397 66 663 72 158 157 86 531 61 107 264 215 59 156 531 540 39 829 95 588 $ 1 .6 9 1.9 6 1.75 2 .0 4 1.90 1.89 1.85 1.93 1.90 1 .97 1.70 1.72 1.81 1.87 1.90 1.71 1.87 1.69 2 .0 9 1.73 1.72 1.78 1.45 1.63 1.62 2.21 1.75 2 .0 2 3. 73 4. 11 3.59 1.86 1.94 1.69 1 .84 1.68 1.87 212 766 513 253 375 163 538 879 349 530 241 186 435 1, 739 468 376 827 131 226 493 419 464 387 107 1,513 232 409 474 590 419 171 259 639 302 947 402 490 $ 1 .7 2 1.78 1. 72 1.89 1.62 1.70 1.75 1.75 1.72 1 .7 7 1.70 1.70 1.63 1. 76 1.90 1.67 1 .7 4 1 .56 2. 00 1.68 1 .86 1 .68 1.33 1.65 1.42 1.99 1.63 1.95 4. 19 4 .1 3 4 .3 5 1 .44 1.70 1.68 1 .7 4 1 .6 4 1 .7 4 20 74 58 120 106 122 60 62 36 19 138 521 74 408 75 24 373 57 34 34 19 225 31 40 70 42 28 133 49 141 108 1, 522 1.48 1.38 199 512 1.73 1.52 216 - $ 1 .6 5 1.6 7 1.71 1.72 1 .7 4 1.78 1.79 1 .7 6 1.70 1.63 1.69 1. 73 1.63 1 .74 1. 79 2. 08 1 .7 4 1 .7 4 1.69 1.5 6 1.70 1.65 2.01 1 .68 1.91 3 .6 6 3 .9 9 1.69 1.61 1.70 46 160 116 37 138 148 39 109 37 19 68 362 39 53 270 20 120 49 38 30 24 331 30 54 64 159 118 165 51 275 89 43 $ 1 .7 4 1 .77 1.71 1.83 1.80 1.81 1 .87 1.79 1.83 1.91 1.85 1.92 1 .9 7 1.93 1.91 2 .0 9 1.71 2.11 1.81 1.66 1.79 1.71 1 .9 7 1.81 2 .0 4 4 .1 3 4 .0 9 1.70 1.88 1.82 1.8 4 1.89 89 “ 1 .67 “ 13 170 149 367 263 174 207 118 89 28 259 1,802 718 1,002 74 8 196 85 33 - $ 2 .0 0 2. 14 2. 18 2 .0 0 1.95 2.01 2. 18 2. 14 2 .2 3 1.91 1.95 1 .9 8 1.92 2 .0 3 2. 06 2 .3 3 1 .84 1 .8 8 1.79 - 137 11 51 98 162 31 131 273 478 24 564 21 395 1 .87 2 .8 0 1.92 2.41 3 .8 7 4.2 2 3 .79 2. 15 2. 00 1.69 1.91 1.95 1 .9 7 38 123 1 .4 6 1.59 - 62 24 58 94 82 106 6 226 54 78 - 1.8 8 2 .2 7 2 .2 9 4 .4 7 4 .4 6 2.01 1 .9 7 1.9 7 1.9 8 1.99 - - - - 24 27 27 74 58 17 27 235 177 204 22 84 68 124 78 - $ 1 .3 7 1.45 1.39 1 .4 7 1.53 1.39 1 .3 4 1 .38 1.33 1.53 1.85 1.40 1.23 1.31 1.70 - 27 10 - 1.39 1.33 39 1,023 1 .3 8 1.30 115 491 390 101 264 105 300 624 268 356 159 156 321 1,005 164 300 488 131 184 278 359 362 322 81 1,071 169 312 347 337 289 48 368 241 446 257 351 $ 1 .5 7 1.70 1.72 1.64 1.49 1.55 1.65 1.67 1.66 1.67 1.62 1.65 1.53 1.60 1.65 1.60 1.60 1.56 1.95 1.58 1.82 1.62 1.27 1.61 1.29 1 .94 1.55 1.87 4. 15 4. 13 4.23 1.62 1.62 1.57 1.50 1 .64 93 512 1.78 1.52 W om en In s p e cto rs, cloth , m achine -------------------W in ders, y a r n ------------------------------------------- _ _ 1.61 1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o vertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data fo r re gio n s in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data fo r other types of m achines in addition to those shown sep arately. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. - - " ts3 N> Table 15. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Size of Community (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of men in selected occupations in textile dyeing and finishing establishments by labor-management contract coverage and size of community, United States and selected regions, April—May 1961) Southeast M iddle Atlantic New England United States E stablishm ents with— O ccupation and s ize o f com m unity C a len d er tenders -------------------------------------M etrop olitan areas ----------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------C o lo r m ix e rs -------------------------------------------M etrop olitan a r e a s -----------------------------N onm etropolitan a reas ---------------------D ry -c a n s op era tors ---------------------------------M etrop olitan a r e a s -----------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, c lo t h 3 -----------M etropolitan areas -----------------------N onm etropolitan a re a s ----------------C on tin u ou s-------------------------------------------M etrop olitan a r e a s ------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ------------------Jig or pad -------------------------------------------M etrop olitan a r e a s ------------------------N onm etropolitan a reas ----------------E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance --------------------M etrop olitan a r e a s -----------------------------N onm etropolitan areas ---------------------F in ish in g-ra n ge o p era to rs --------------------M etrop olitan areas ----------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------Jan itors ----------------------------------------------------M etrop olitan a r e a s -----------------------------N onm etropolitan areas ---------------------L a b o r e rs , m a teria l handling ----------------M etrop olitan a r e a s -----------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------M ach in ists, m aintenance -----------------------M etrop olitan a r e a s -----------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------M angle t e n d e r s -----------------------------------------M etrop olitan areas ----------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------M ech a n ics, m aintenance ------------------------M etrop olitan areas ----------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------T e n te r -fr a m e tenders ----------------------------M etrop olitan areas ----------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------W asher tenders ---------------------------------------M etrop olitan a r e a s -----------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------ M ajority co ve re d M ajority co v e re d None or m inority covered M ajority co ve re d M ajo rity cove red None or m in ority covered A verage hourly earnings N um ber of A verage hourly earnings Number of w ork ers A verage hourly earnings Number of w ork ers A v era ge hourly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs A verage hourly earnings Number of w ork ers A verage hourly earnings Number of w ork ers A v era ge hourly earnings Number of w ork ers 545 352 193 760 516 244 597 397 200 3, 187 2, 399 788 214 131 83 1,820 1,349 471 145 86 59 758 487 271 200 111 89 809 459 350 165 128 37 221 154 67 352 236 116 1,2 3 0 893 337 237 177 60 $ 1 .8 6 1.89 1.79 1.91 1.99 1.74 1.82 1.89 1 .68 1.91 1.96 1.76 1. 78 1.75 1.83 1.92 1.97 1.78 2 .1 0 2 .1 4 2 .0 4 1.78 1.83 1.68 1.53 1.61 1.42 1.65 1.72 1.56 2 .0 8 2 .1 0 2.0 2 1.79 1.85 1.64 2.11 2 .2 0 1.94 1.87 1.91 1.75 1.80 1.78 1.85 315 165 150 545 173 372 293 89 204 1,194 451 743 301 121 180 669 222 447 147 64 83 398 93 305 344 152 192 1,235 487 748 128 55 73 295 172 123 386 194 192 546 233 313 260 126 134 $ 1 .6 7 1.69 1.65 1.67 1.69 1.66 1.52 1.58 1.49 1. 60 1. 62 1.58 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.58 1.66 1.54 1.94 1.97 1.92 1.57 1.63 1. 56 1.28 1.31 1.25 1.36 1.42 1.32 1.98 2.01 1.95 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.85 1.87 1.83 1.59 1.61 1.58 1.51 1.53 1.50 179 81 98 207 151 56 156 84 72 725 404 321 73 $ 1 .8 2 1.76 1.88 1.83 1.77 2. 00 1.78 1.75 1.82 1.85 1.78 1.93 1.8 7 1.8 4 1.79 1.90 2.11 2. 14 2. 06 1.75 1.75 1.63 1.57 1.69 1.71 1.69 1.73 1.98 1.93 2 .0 5 1.78 1.77 1.82 1.99 1.93 2 .0 8 1 .84 1. 73 1.92 1.83 1 .68 “ 65 51 63 14 49 50 20 158 71 87 54 23 100 40 60 15 4 11 127 47 80 26 6 20 203 117 86 31 31 34 32 63 44 19 127 I ll 50 26 $ 1 .6 4 1.63 1.69 1.7 7 1.67 1.63 1.69 1.63 1 .58 1 .66 1.60 1.6 4 1.64 1.59 1.67 2 .0 5 2. 10 2 .0 3 1.68 1.75 1.65 1.5 8 1.62 1 .56 1 .6 4 1.66 1.62 2 .0 0 2 .0 0 1.70 1.70 1 .9 6 1 .96 1 .9 4 1.63 1 .6 4 1.63 1.62 243 239 289 268 21 298 278 2 ,0 7 0 1,893 1,010 972 25 25 263 219 48 46 177 177 35 35 84 84 151 151 760 694 75 75 $ 1 .9 8 1.99 2 .2 0 2 .2 3 1.86 1.95 1.97 2 .0 0 2 .0 3 “ 2 .0 4 2 .0 5 2.31 2.31 1.90 1.96 1.83 1.84 1.91 1.91 2 .4 4 2 .4 4 1.96 1.9 6 2 .3 8 2 .3 8 1.9 4 1.98 1.97 1.97 114 32 249 82 167 118 ■ " 320 87 233 97 43 54 161 $ 1 .6 6 1. 54 “ 1.63 1.60 1 .64 1 .58 “ ” 1.57 1.53 1 .58 1.60 1.53 1.65 1 .5 6 “ 1 .57 1 .97 1.88 2 .0 4 1.60 “ 1.59 1 .34 1.33 1.3 4 1.3 6 “ 1 .36 1.92 " 2. 01 1.60 “ 1.60 1.89 1.83 1.92 1.55 1.47 “ 1.52 “ 1.51 213 119 94 449 135 314 230 52 178 920 295 625 235 78 157 504 140 364 126 56 70 243 $1.62 1.58 1.66 1.65 1.66 1.65 1.48 1.51 1.47 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.59 1.58 1.60 1.52 1.58 1.49 1.92 1.94 1.90 1.51 213 290 124 166 954 313 641 86 46 40 243 160 83 311 141 170 361 176 185 204 100 104 1.51 1.24 1.27 1.21 1.27 1.28 1.27 1.94 1 .96 1.92 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.56 1.58 1 .5 4 1.48 1.49 1.48 - 578 319 259 29 17 12 366 222 _ 38 19 19 353 164 189 30 18 12 60 47 13 71 45 26 281 121 160 88 45 " 1 Excludes prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. 2 Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data fo r other types o f m ach in es in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. None or m in ority co ve re d 117 80 33 47 119 ~ 83 100 32 68 241 " 161 87 “ 25 77 54 114 33 81 112 55 63 17 Table 16. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Size of Establishment (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of men in selected occupations in textile dyeing and finishing establishments by labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment, United States and selected regions, April—May 1961) Southeast M iddle A tlantic New England United States E stablishm ents with— O ccupation and s ize of establishm ent M ajority covered Number of w ork ers Calender ten d ers: 20 to 249 w o rk e rs ------------------------------2 50 or m o r e w ork ers ------------------------C o lo r m ix e r s : 20 to 249 w o r k e r s --------------------------------250 or m o r e w o r k e r s -------------------------D ry -c a n s o p e r a to r s : 20 to 249 w o rk e rs ------------------------------250 or m o r e w ork ers ------------------------D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, clo th :3 20 to 249 w ork ers -------------------------250 or m o r e w o r k e r s --------------------Continuous: 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s --------------------Jig or pad: 20 to 249 w ork ers -------------------------250 or m o r e w o r k e r s --------------------E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance: 20 to 249 w ork ers ------------------------------250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s -------------------------F in ish in g-ra n ge o p e r a to r s : 20 to 249 w o rk e rs ------------------------------250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s -------------------------Jan itors: 20 to 249 w o r k e r s --------------------------------250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s -------------------------L a b o r e rs , m a te ria l handling: 20 to 249 w o r k e r s --------------------------------250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s -------------------------M ach in ists, m aintenance: 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s -------------------------Mangle ten d ers: 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s -------------------------M ech an ics, m aintenance: 250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s -------------------------T e n te r -fr a m e ten ders: 20 to 249 w o r k e r s --------------------------------250 o r m o r e w o r k e r s -------------------------W asher ten d ers: 250 or m o r e w o rk e rs ------------------------- A verage hourly earnings None o r m in ority co ve re d Number of w ork ers A vera ge h ou rly earnings None or m in ority covered M ajority co ve re d Num ber of w o rk e rs A v era ge hourly earnings Number of w ork ers A vera ge hourly earnings M a jority co v e re d Maj<jrity COV(ire d Number of w ork ers A v era ge h ou rly earnings Num ber of w ork ers - None or iminority cove jred A v era ge h ou rly earnings - Number of w ork ers A verage hourly earnings 267 278 $ 1 .9 2 1.80 55 260 $ 1 .5 0 1.70 82 97 $ 1 .7 8 1.86 24 41 $ 1 .6 1 1 .6 6 172 71 $2. 01 1.91 no $ 1 .6 6 23 190 $ 1 .3 5 1.65 305 455 2 .0 7 1.81 121 424 1.59 1.69 89 118 1.78 1.86 33 30 1. 76 1.61 197 92 2 .2 0 2.21 245 1.63 70 379 1.46 1.69 385 212 1.88 1.73 70 223 1.48 1.53 104 52 1.73 1.89 34 16 1 .58 1. 73 256 42 1.95 1 .9 4 - 118 27 203 1 .34 1.50 2 ,2 7 4 913 1.93 1.87 368 826 1.49 1.6 4 442 283 1 .7 6 1.98 79 79 1 .56 1.69 1,738 332 1.99 2 .0 4 298 1.5 7 213 707 1.37 1.62 - 1 .5 8 - 143 1. 74 233 1. 62 - 18 1.69 - 97 1.60 203 1.60 1,421 399 1.94 1.83 241 428 1 .46 1.65 365 213 1 .76 1 .96 43 57 1.5 6 1.7 0 963 47 2. 04 2 .0 2 139 1.57 155 349 1.31 1.61 39 106 2.21 2. 06 27 120 1.93 1 .9 4 15 14 2 .0 8 2 .1 4 9 6 2 .0 9 1.99 7 18 2 .3 7 2 .2 9 74 1.99 16 no 1.87 1.92 517 241 1.78 1.78 146 252 1 .54 1.59 319 47 1.75 1.75 54 73 1 .6 8 1.69 168 95 1 .88 1.95 99 1.63 179 1.55 82 118 1.62 1.47 75 269 1.28 1 .28 19 19 1 .57 1 .68 15 11 1 .5 4 1.62 29 19 1 .8 6 1.7 8 80 1 .3 4 48 242 1.20 1 .24 303 506 1.75 1.59 228 1,007 1.45 1 .3 4 135 218 1 .66 1 .7 4 90 113 1.62 1 .6 6 115 62 1.93 1.88 226 1 .3 6 109 845 1.29 1.27 122 2 .0 0 110 1.97 11 2 .0 8 19 1.91 24 2 .2 7 87 1.92 82 1.95 141 1.76 268 1.57 29 1.90 25 1.71 - - 77 1.60 235 1.53 193 2 .0 7 281 1 .87 43 2 .0 6 21 1.99 58 2 .2 9 92 1 .94 255 1.85 29 - 1.59 - 534 226 1.93 1.9 7 - 108 1 .56 23 338 1.37 1.57 31 1.65 54 1.9 8 59 1.52 198 1.49 - 719 511 1.87 1.86 110 436 1.60 1.59 104 177 1.71 1.91 171 1.81 231 1.52 58 1 .9 4 - - - - 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. Includes data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data fo r other types o f m achines in addition to those shown sep a ra tely. 2 NOTE: D ashes indicate no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication c r it e r ia . to CO to Table 17. Occupational Averages: By Method of Wage Payment (N um ber and a vera ge stra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings o f w o rk e rs in se le cte d occu pation s in textile dyeing and finishing establishm ents by m ethod of wage paym ent, United States and se le cte d re g io n s , A p ril—May 1961) United States 2 O ccupation and sex T im ew ork ers N um ber of w o rk e rs A verage hourly earnings Incentive w o rk e rs Number of w ork ers A verage hourly earnings New England Middle Atlantic T im e w o rk e rs T im e w o rk e rs N um ber of w o rk e rs A verage hourly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge hourly earnings Southeast T im ew ork ers Number of w ork ers A verage hourly earnings Incentive w ork ers Num ber of w o rk e rs A verage hourly earnings Men B a tch ers _____ __________________________ B o i l -o f f m achine o p e r a to r s _______ ___ Calender tenders _________________________ ____________________________ C olor m ix e rs Continuous bleach range o p e ra to rs ____ D ou ble- and r o ll-m a c h in e o p e r a to r s ____ D ry -c a n s o p e ra to rs _ _ _ _ _ ______ D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, clo th ____ ___ F in ish in g-ra n ge op e r a to r s ______________ In s p ectors, cloth , hand _________________ In s p e cto rs, cloth , m achine _____________ K ier b o ile r s ____ __ __ __ _____________ L a b o r e r s , m a teria l handling ___________ M angle tenders _ _ _ ____ ___ S a n foriz er o p e ra to rs __________ _________ T e n te r -fr a m e tenders ___________________ W asher tenders __________________________ W in ders, cloth ___________________________ 877 485 768 1,239 271 172 838 4, 109 1,077 274 465 169 1, 897 459 279 1,626 442 892 $ 1 .7 9 1.83 1. 77 1.81 1.68 1.62 1.72 1. 82 1.70 1.77 1.68 1 .6 1 1.47 1.64 1.63 1.78 1.62 1. 80 35 11 92 66 39 90 52 272 79 217 157 24 147 57 62 150 55 186 $1. 75 1. 73 1.94 1.87 1. 88 1. 87 1. 79 1. 97 1. 75 1.92 1. 79 1. 85 1.49 1. 79 1.90 1. 84 1. 89 1. 84 154 63 238 247 62 28 195 789 484 106 60 39 501 88 34 356 110 179 $ 1 .7 4 1. 80 1.77 1. 76 1. 72 1.62 1.72 1. 77 1. 72 1.91 1. 75 1. 70 1.69 1. 73 1. 72 1.72 1.66 1.72 441 295 245 299 29 36 297 2, 131 291 136 258 1, 107 1.56 1.30 49 927 2 .0 8 1.56 102 " 1.66 ■ $ 2 . 00 1.96 1.98 2 . 19 2 . 00 1.95 1.95 1.99 1. 88 196 . 82 21 778 73 473 1.92 _ 1. 87 1.96 1. 72 1.93 1.98 1.97 256 121 270 656 143 96 317 1,091 302 145 237 97 1, 114 281 220 387 244 211 $ 1 .4 5 1.51 1.59 1.64 1.57 1.46 1.50 1.52 1.50 1.66 1. 52 1.46 1.29 1.53 1.60 1.54 1.48 1.51 32 11 _ 42 28 77 31 149 60 217 138 17 81 39 25 86 23 161 50 61 1.54 1.41 93 810 1.45 1.26 725 - - $1. 71 1. 73 _ 1.68 1. 81 1. 82 1.61 1. 86 1. 71 1. 92 1. 78 1. 78 1.29 1.68 1. 72 1.67 1.59 1. 78 W om en In s p e cto rs, cloth , m achine _____________ W in ders, yarn ___________________________ 1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: D ashes in dica te no data re p o rte d o r data that do not m eet publication cr ite r ia . _ _ 1. 51 Table 18. Occupational Averages: Selected States and Areas (Num ber and a verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of workers in selected occupations in textile dyeing and finishing establishments by type of material processed, selected States and areas, April—May 1961) States M assachusetts G eorgia O ccupation and se x T o ta l2 Num ber of w ork ers A v er age hourly earn ings Cotton broadw oven T o t a l2 fabrics Num A v e r Num A v e r age be r age ber hourly h ou rly of of w o rk earn w o rk ea rn ings e rs ings ers New Y ork New J e rs e y Cotlton broadv voven fabi •ics Num A v e r age ber h ou rly of w o rk ea rn ings e rs T o ta l2 Num ber of w o rk ers A ver age h ou rly e a rn ings Synthietic broadv voven fabi •ics Num A v e r age ber h ou rly of ea rn w ork ings ers T o ta l2 Num ber of w o rk e rs A v er age hourly earn ings 7 81 60 88 111 48 59 33 26 15 79 385 187 69 21 17 36 36 85 31 54 120 203 114 $2 . 00 2 .0 8 2 . 16 1.99 1.79 1.86 2.21 2 .1 5 2 .2 7 1.91 1.91 1.88 2.01 1.79 1 .7 8 1 .7 6 1.90 2 .3 0 3 .8 7 4 .2 2 3. 66 1.89 1.85 1.95 North C arolina Synthietic broadv voven fabi •ics Num A v e r age ber hourly of ea rn w ork ings ers Cotton broadw oven fa b rics A v e r Num A v e r age age ber hourly hourly of earn w ork earn ings ings ers T o ta l2 Num ber of w o rk ers Men A g e r o p e r a t o r s -----------------------------------------B a ck ten ders, printing --------------------------N arrow (under 48 in ch e s) -----------------Wide (48 inches and o v e r ) - ----- ----------B a tchers ---------------------------------------------------B o il-o f f m achine o p e ra to rs -------------------C alend er tenders -------------------------------------C o lo r m ix e r s --------------------------------------------P rin t shop -------------------------------------------Continuous b leach range o p e r a t o r s -------D ou b le- and r o ll-m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s -----D ry -c a n s o p era tors ---------------------------------D yein g-m ach in e ten d ers, c lo t h 3 -----------B eck or box -----------------------------------------C on tin u ou s-------------------------------------------Jig or p a d ---------------------------------------------D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, y a r n --------------E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance --------------------F in ish in g-ra n ge o p e r a t o r s ---------------------In s p e cto rs, cloth , hand -------------------------In s p e cto rs, cloth , m a c h in e --------------------Jan itors ------------------------- --------------------------K ier b o i l e r s ----------------------------------------------L a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l handling ----------------M ach in ists, m a in te n a n c e ------------------------M angle tenders ---------------------------------------M ech a n ics, m aintenance ------------------------P r in t e r s , m a ch in e-----------------------------------N arrow (under 48 in ch e s) -----------------Wide (48 inches and o v e r ) -----------------P rin tin g-m a ch in e h e l p e r s -----------------------S a n foriz er o p e r a t o r s --------------------------------T e n te r -fr a m e t e n d e r s -----------------------------W asher tenders ---------------------------------------W in d ers, c l o t h ------------------------------------------ _ _ 14 22 43 17 26 27 37 47 73 _ _ 60 51 19 27 51 18 168 _ 14 42 _ _ _ 23 61 37 18 _ _ $ 1 .6 3 1.43 1.5 4 1 .65 1.46 1.52 1.54 1 .47 1.47 _ _ 1.45 1.71 1.85 1.51 1.2 4 1.51 1.29 _ 1.44 1.75 _ _ 1.60 1.46 1.45 1.41 _ _ 14 22 40 _ 26 27 37 47 73 _ _ 60 6 27 27 15 _ 14 27 . _ _ 23 61 37 18 _ . $1.63 1.43 1.53 _ 1 .4 6 1.52 1 .5 4 1 .47 1 .4 7 _ 1.45 1.80 1.51 1 .2 1 1 .4 8 1 .4 4 1.69 _ 1.60 1 .4 6 1 .45 1.41 37 $ 1 . 6 6 97 1.71 1.65 75 70 1.71 1.70 114 1.80 116 48 1 .75 68 1.83 1.71 25 14 1 .7 7 1 .7 4 79 385 1.75 _ 1.60 45 1 .7 7 329 18 2. 15 268 1.72 1.86 51 28 1 .7 7 25 1.62 14 1. 75 1 .65 255 1 .9 7 43 1.71 56 1.88 43 4 .1 7 101 4 .0 5 71 114 1 .6 7 13 1.71 1 .6 7 168 1 .6 1 37 1.79 79 37 97 75 88 106 38 68 25 13 51 274 43 2 20 14 196 51 28 20 8 220 24 34 36 101 71 114 13 130 37 46 $ 1.66 1.71 1.65 1 .6 4 1 .78 1.69 1.83 1. 71 1.78 1.70 1.69 1.61 1.70 2 .0 9 1.66 1.86 1.7 7 1.60 1.70 1.63 1 .9 4 1 .67 1.89 4 .1 7 4 .0 5 1 .6 7 1.71 1 .6 4 1 .6 1 1 .7 4 47 181 180 340 168 186 201 96 105 17 213 1,603 742 811 16 161 89 23 102 16 79 109 145 144 441 20 548 56 333 $2 . 0 2 2. 15 2. 15 2. 03 2. 07 2 . 02 2.21 2 . 18 2 .2 4 2 . 11 1 .99 2 .0 5 2 .0 5 2 .0 5 2 .3 3 1 .99 2.02 1.92 1.99 2 .3 3 1 .9 7 2 .4 0 4. 11 4. 11 2 .0 4 1.72 1 .9 8 2 . 00 2. 01 47 181 180 328 161 166 192 87 105 161 1,391 637 746 14 143 86 17 85 10 72 85 145 144 441 6 484 41 313 $2.0 2 2. 15 2. 15 2.02 2. 07 2 . 02 2.22 2.20 2 .2 4 2 .0 3 2 .9 5 2 .0 4 2 .0 5 2 .3 4 1.99 2.02 1.89 2 .0 4 2 .4 4 2.02 2 .3 9 4. 11 4. 11 2 .0 4 2. 13 1.99 2 . 09 2.02 7 81 60 63 94 23 46 22 24 12 46 316 118 10 18 16 85 31 54 120 144 98 $2.00 2 .0 8 2 . 16 1.9 7 1 .74 1 .97 2 .2 3 2 .1 7 2 .2 9 1.86 1 .8 4 1 .8 4 1 .98 1.83 1.78 2 .4 6 3 .8 7 4.2 2 3 .6 6 1.89 1.81 1.92 69 40 84 200 124 76 69 40 70 457 86 108 227 135 65 189 101 133 152 49 477 42 59 203 31 113 86 101 $ 1 .4 6 1.49 1.5 6 1.62 1 .64 1.59 1.59 1.4 8 1.50 1 .5 4 1.51 1 .57 1.55 1.45 1.91 1 .55 1.66 1.56 1 .27 1 .37 1.33 1.93 1 .56 1.81 1.66 1 .54 1.52 1 .54 - 945 1 .34 49 $ 1 .4 4 54 1.59 134 1.60 1.60 58 76 1.59 1.62 57 1.45 13 43 1.52 1.5 6 282 76 1.59 156 1 .57 40 1.91 113 1.59 101 1.66 94 1 .57 1.31 91 22 1 .57 258 1 .36 34 1.95 1.5 6 59 118 1 .8 4 30 1.67 74 1 .56 1.52 72 87 1.55 W om en W in ders, c l o t h -----------------------------------------W in ders, yarn ----------------------------------------See footn otes at end o f table, _ _ _ _ ■ " " ” 54 “ 1.62 " _ ” - - - - ' " ' ' - - - - - - to Os Table 18. Occupational Averages: Selected States and Areas--- Continued (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in textile dyeing and finishing establishments by type of material processed, selected States and areas, April—May 1961) A reas States— Continued T o ta l1 23 T otal O ccupation and s e x N um ber of w o rk - A v erage hourly earn inss South C arolina Rhode Island Pennsylvania Numb er of w ork ers A v erage hourly earn inss Cotton broadw oven fa b rics A v erNumage ber h ourly of e a rn w o rk inss e rs New Y ork City T otal Total Num be r of w o rk e rs Num ber of w o rk ers A ver age hourly ea rn ings 73 337 276 61 99 45 199 381 153 228 51 84 201 460 99 119 230 _ 100 57 196 174 167 41 433 63 221 146 246 208 38 314 139 247 120 207 $ 1 .6 0 1 .7 6 1 .7 6 1. 76 1 .55 1 .5 5 1.71 1.69 1 .6 7 1.71 1.72 1 .75 1 .55 1 .67 1 .7 6 1 .7 6 1.65 2.00 1.68 2.01 1.72 1 .25 1 .6 7 1 .2 7 2.02 1.5 5 1 .9 7 4. 19 4. 15 4 .4 2 1.62 1 .6 5 1.62 1.49 1.71 63 60 59 27 19 34 14 20 12 39 150 29 121 8 21 23 67 54 76 75 75 57 1.49 ** “ A ver age hourly ea rn ings P aterson — Clifton—P a ss a ic Synthetic broadw oven Total * fa b rics A v er A ver Num Num age age be r ber hourly hourly of of ea rn earn w ork w o rk ings ers e rs ings Philadelphia Total Num ber of w ork ers A v er age hourly earn ings Men A g er o p e r a t o r s ----------------------------------B ack ten d ers, printing --------------------N arrow (under 48 in ch e s) -----------W ide (48 inches and o v e r ) -----------B atch ers --------------------------------------------B o il-o f f m ach in e o p era to rs ------------Calender tenders ------------------------------C o lo r m ix e r s --------------------------------------Dye h o u s e --------------------------------------P rin t shop ------------------------------------Continuous bleach range o p e ra to r — D ouble- and r o ll-m a c h in e o p e ra to rs D ry -ca n s o p era tors --------------------------D yein g -m ach in e ten ders, cloth 3 ----B eck or box ----------------------------------Continuous -----------------------------------Jig or pad ------------------------------------D yein g -m ach in e ten d ers, yarn ------E le c tr ic ia n s , m a in ten a n ce ---------------F in ish in g -ra n g e op era to rs --------------In s p e cto rs, cloth, hand -------------------In sp ectors, cloth , m achine ------------Janitors ----------------------------------------------K ier b o i l e r s ---------------------------------------L a b o r e r s , m a te ria l handling ----------M a ch in ists, m a in ten a n ce-----------------M angle t e n d e r s ----------------------------------M ech a n ics, m aintenance -----------------P r in te r s , m achine ----------------------------N arrow (under 48 in ch e s) — W ide (48 inches and o v e r ) — P rin tin g -m a ch in e h elp ers ---------------S a n forizer op era tors ---------------------T e n te r -fr a m e tenders ------------------W asher tenders ---------------------------------W in ders, cloth — _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 78 78 $ 1 .7 8 1.79 1.79 21 78 78 $1. 78 1 . 79 1.79 1 .9 4 _ _ 13 $ 1 .5 5 16 1.72 11 39 16 9 146 1.77 2 . 06 1.88 _ _ _ 1.43 1.62 _ 51 60 6 61 _ 1.83 2.01 2 .2 7 1.69 73 103 29 74 31 18 76 284 _ 70 202 1.89 1.85 1.96 1.82 1.90 1.86 1.76 1.89 _ 1.88 1.89 8 _ 40 83 13 70 31 15 35 187 _ 134 26 12 1 .67 1.5 7 61 1.68 18 54 50 23 21 16 2.31 2 . 09 1.88 1.99 1. 76 1. 67 1.90 1.73 15 54 50 _ 17 16 137 _ 28 2. 17 84 _ _ _ _ 6? 62 1.92 2 . 02 4.0 9 4 .09 28 40 62 62 1.92 2 .0 9 4 .0 9 4 .0 9 _ 1.97 1.89 1.87 1.69 36 131 62 1.97 1.88 1.93 _ _ _ _ _ 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 1 .67 26 1 .57 36 165 80 34 109 1.60 - _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.90 1.8 5 2.02 1.82 1.90 1.89 1.86 1.91 - •_ 1 .8 7 _ 2 . 11 1.88 1.99 1 .67 1 .90 1 .7 4 _ _ $2 . 16 2 . 16 2. 04 2 .0 6 2.00 2 .4 0 2 .41 2 .3 9 2.02 2 .0 3 2. 04 1 .95 2 .0 6 1.92 1 .9 4 - 2 .4 4 3. 63 3 .6 6 2.00 2 .0 6 2 .0 7 47 156 155 253 154 125 163 73 90 189 1,179 517 622 14 113 54 13 99 16 79 74 100 99 301 398 56 269 $2 . 02 2. 13 2. 13 2.01 2 .0 7 2.00 2.21 2 . 18 2 .2 4 1.98 2 .0 5 2 .0 5 2. 04 2. 37 2.01 2. 03 2.00 1.99 2. 33 1 .97 2 .4 3 4 .4 3 4 .4 3 2 . 02 1.98 2 . 00 2.01 W om en W in ders, cloth W in ders, yarn - “ E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data fo r types o f m a te r ia l in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data fo r other types o f m achines in addition to those shown separately. 1 2 NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. 47 156 155 245 148 115 156 66 90 141 1,074 493 576 12 95 51 9 82 10 72 68 100 99 301 366 41 252 . " " “ $2 . 02 2. 13 2. 13 2.01 2 .0 8 2.01 2 .2 3 2.21 2 .2 4 2 .0 4 2 .0 5 2. 05 2 .0 5 2 .3 9 2.02 2 .0 3 2 . 02 “ 2. 04 2 .4 4 2 . 02 2 .4 3 4 .4 3 4 .4 3 2.02 2 . 01 2 .0 9 2 . 02 _ “ “ 49 22 45 35 10 47 7 ■ 9 _ 85 ~ ■ $1.81 1.78 2 .1 3 1.77 1.86 ■ 1.72 2 .2 3 " 1 .87 _ 1.62 Table 19. Minimum Hourly Entrance and Job Rates (Number of textile dyeing and finishing establishments studied by minimum hourly entrance and job rates of tim e-rated production and related workers, 1 United States, selected regions, States, and areas, April—May 1961) R egions M inim um hourly rate Entrance rate Job rate Ne\V Engl?ind Entrance Job rate rate States M iddle Atlantic Entrance Job rate rate Southeast Entrance rate Job rate G eorgia Entrance rate M assachusetts New J ersey Job rate Entrance rate Job rate Entrance rate Job rate New Y ork Entrance rate Job rate E stablishm ents studied 190 190 46 46 81 81 51 51 11 11 21 21 31 31 32 32 E stablishm ents having an esta b lish e d m in im u m __ 179 19 15 9 11 9 21 11 6 10 3 8 6 3 4 2 4 26 2 2 1 7 11 178 2 6 10 10 6 18 8 16 9 11 6 8 7 4 6 3 26 3 3 2 14 12 41 2 1 4 2 41 80 3 6 1 1 4 4 4 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 26 2 2 1 7 1 79 46 13 8 4 5 3 9 4 _ 46 2 5 4 7 4 14 6 1 2 1 10 2 3 10 2 2 19 x x 19 31 31 " ~ 32 * x 1 3 2 32 ■ 5 1 1 2 2 x _ _ _ _ $ 1 .0 5 and under $ 1. 10 __ $1. 15 and under $1. 20 $ 1 .2 0 and under $ 1 .2 5 ________________________ $ 1 .2 5 and under $ 1 .3 0 ,,„_T $ 1.30 and under $ 1 .3 5 _________________ _______ $ 1. 35 and under $ 1 .4 0 ________________________ $ 1.40 and under $ 1. 45 .............. $ 1 .4 5 and under $ 1 .5 0 __ $ 1. 50 and under $ 1 .5 5 ________________________ $ 1 .5 5 and under $ 1 . 6 0 ________________________ $1. 60 and under $ 1 .6 5 ________________________ $ 1. 65 and under $ 1 .7 0 $1. 70 and under $1. 75 ________________________ $1. 75 and under $1. 80 ________________________ $1. 80 and under $1. 85 ________________________ $ 1. 85 and under $ 1 .9 0 ________________________ $ 1 .9 0 and under $ 1 .9 5 ________________________ $ 1 .9 5 and under $ 2 .0 0 ... _ $ 2 . 0 0 and o v e r __ E stablishm ents having no esta b lish e d m in im u m __ 3 1 2 1 7 2 3 6 2 6 4 1 1 6 4 1 4 6 5 3 3 _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 5 1 2 1 1 9 3 6 1 2 1 1 3 2 26 2 2 2 14 2 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ I _ _ _ _ _ " _ 2 " _ 3 . _ . j 2 2 2 1 3 X 1 j l _ _ ” 4 1 1 2 2 j _ 19 2 x 19 j x “ 5 5 1 1 2 2 Pennsylvania 6 ~ “ 1 1 x 5 2 4 " 2 “ 1 2 7 2 1 1 3 x 5 2 x 2 7 - State s— Continued Nor•th C aro lina " 2 “ Are*is Rhode Island South C arolina P a terson — Clifton— P a ss a ic New Y ork City Philadelphia E stablishm ents studied 19 19 18 18 13 13 16 16 24 24 24 24 11 XI E stablishm ents having an esta b lish e d m inim um __ $ 1.00 and under $ 1 .0 5 ...... $ 1.05 and under $ 1 . 1 0 $1. 10 and under $1. 15 $ 1 .1 5 and under $ 1. 20 . . . $ 1. 20 and under $ 1 .2 5 _ . $ 1 .2 5 and under $ 1 .3 0 $ 1. 30 and under $ 1 .3 5 $ 1. 35 and under $ 1. 40 __________________________ $ 1 .4 0 and under $ 1 .4 5 _ _. $ 1 .4 5 and under $ 1 .5 0 _ __ $1. 50 and under $ 1 .5 5 $ 1.55 and under $ 1 . 6 0 ...... $ 1 .60 and under $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .6 5 and under $ 1 .7 0 . $1. 70 and under $1. 75 $1. 75 and under $1. 80 $1. 80 and u rd er $ 1 .8 5 $ 1. 85 and under $ 1. 90 $ 1 .9 0 and under $ 1 .9 5 $ 1 .9 5 and under $ 2 .0 0 _ $ 2 . 00 and o v e r __ _ .......___ E stablishm ents having no esta b lish e d m in im u m 16 3 16 _ 16 12 12 16 24 24 24 24 3 1 3 10 2 “ 9 ” 2 x x 5 2 2 1 2 1 16 7 5 2 2 !7 3 1 x 3 5 3 7 3 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 3 4 1 j 1 1 2 I 2 1 3 1 1 x 2 3 1 3 1 x 2 1 3 1 3 3 1 1 5 * 2 1 ~ : * 1 x * ~ o 1 _ ” “ " 2 1 2 1 2 “ 3 ~ Z 21 1 y “ 1 " “ “ “ “ 1 “ “ 2 “ 2 17 18 “ 1 1 “ 2 ‘ ~ 2 ■ ~ 1 1 ~ ~ 1 ■ “ 1 1 2 ■ - ~ " “ ~ _1 1 * _ ” 1 ~ 1 1 “ " 1 2 1 M inim um h ou rly entrance and job rates r e fe r to low est rates fo rm a lly e stablish ed fo r in e x p e rie n ce d and e x p e rie n ce d tim e -r a te d w ork ers, r e s p e c tiv e ly , in unskilled production and related occu p ation s excep t w atchm en, a p p ren tices, handicapped, and superannuated w o rk e rs . Includes data fo r re gio n s in addition to those shown separately. to 00 Table 20. Scheduled Weekly Hours (Percent of production and office workers in textile dyeing and finishing establishments by scheduled weekly hours of first-shift workers, 1 United States, selected regions, States, and areas, April—May 1961) New England M iddle Atlantic A reas States Regions United States 2 W eekly hours Southeast G eorgia M assa chusetts New J e rs e y New Y ork North C arolina P en n syl vania Rhode Island South C arolina P aterson — CliftonrP a ssa ic P h ila delphia 100 100 100 2 _ 64 _ 100 New Y ork City P rodu ction w o rk e rs A ll produ ction w o r k e r s _ _____ O ver 35 and under 37V2 hou rs ___ 3 7 V2 hours _________________________ O ver 37V2 and under 40 h o u r s ___ 40 hou rs __ ____ ______________ O ver 40 and under 45 h o u r s ______ 45 h ours _ __ ____ 48 h ou rs __ ___ _____ __ _______ 50 h o u r s __________________ ______ _ _ O ver 50 h ours __ -_____ __ 100 (3) (3) 1 84 1 6 4 2 1 100 1 _ 81 _ 18 • _ _ 100 (3) _ 89 (3) 2 _ 6 3 100 _ 2 86 2 2 8 (3) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 _ 21 48 14 2 _ _ 100 _ _ _ 77 2 2 _ _ 88 _ 8 4 _ _ _ 60 _ 8 _ 13 19 _ _ 82 _ 18 _ _ _ 90 _ 10 - 3 32 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 _ _ 9 91 _ 2 2 _ 2 93 _ _ _ 6 29 65 _ 4 86 10 2 10 7 6 75 _ 6 14 80 _ 4 4 4 88 _ _ 15 1 80 _ 17 _ - _ _ - _ 17 2 - - - _ _ 91 - _ _ 9 O ffice w o rk e rs A ll o ffic e w ork ers - — _____ __ Under 35 hours ____ ____ _ ______ 3 5 hour s _ ___________ __ ______ O ver 35 and under 37V2 h o u r s ____ 3 7 V2 hours _ __ __ _____ _____ _ O ver 37V2 and under 40 h o u r s ____ 40 h ours __ _____________________ _ 45 h o u r s ____ __ ____ __ __ __ _ O ver 45 and under 48 h o u r s ______ 100 (3) 3 (3) 6 3 85 3 ( 3) 100 _ _ 4 11 85 _ 100 1 5 1 13 _ 79 (3) 2 100 B ecau se o f rounding, 100 100 100 53 2 _ _ 45 _ _ 4 _ 96 _ 6 _ 20 _ 74 _ 4 3 2 80 1 8 j 3 (3) 5 86 5 1 Data rela te to the predom inant w ork schedule in each establishm ent. 2 Includes data fo r r e g io n s in addition to those shown separately. 3 L e s s than 0 .5 p e rce n t. NOTE: 100 sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal 100. Table 21. Shift Differential Practices (Percent of production workers employed on late shifts in textile dyeing and finishing establishments by amount of pay differential, United States, selected regions, States, and areas, April—May 1961) Regions United States 1 Shift differen tia l New England Middle Atlantic State s Southeast A reas M a ssa chusetts New J e rs e y New Y ork - 19.5 3 .7 3 .7 2 3 .0 2 3 .0 2 3 .0 19.9 19.9 7 .5 28. 1 4. 3 4 .3 16.0 15.1 14.0 26.8 1 .4 1 .4 _ 2 1 .5 _ 1 .5 - _ 4 .8 1.5 1.2 - 1 .4 2 .9 _ _ _ 14.0 .5 .9 G eorgia North P en n syl C arolina vania Rhode Island South C arolina New Y ork City Paterson— Clifton— P a ssa ic P h ila delphia S econd shift W ork ers em p loyed on secon d shift ____ __ _ R eceiv in g shift d i f f e r e n t i a l ___ U niform cents p er hour ____ 2 5 .0 7. 1 6 .4 22.6 4 .6 4 .6 21.2 21 .1 18.0 2 8 .3 1.6 1.6 .2 .7 4 .8 .1 .5 ( 2) .5 2 .7 1.2 .2 _ 16.4 .4 1.2 - .2 .4 1. J _ _ _ _ 1.0 2.6 .1 _ _ - - - U niform p e r c e n t a g e ________ .7 - 3.1 5 p ercen t ________ ____ 7 p ercen t _ ------- ----10 p ercen t ----------------------- .6 (!) _ - 2.8 ( 2) .2 3 cents _ ___ __ __ 4 cents _ _____ __ _ 5 cents _ _ ___________ ___ 7 cents _______ __________ 10 cents __ ---------- -----15 cents ___ ____ ____ __ O t h e r __ __ _ R eceiv in g no shift differen tia l _______ _ _ ___ _ ( 2) ( 2) 21.1 - - 1 2.4 _ _ - _ - - _ _ - - - - 11.9 _ .5 _ - 17.9 18. 1 .1 2 6 .7 21.1 1 5.8 W ork ers em p loyed on third or other late s h ift s ________ R e ce iv in g shift d iffe r e n t ia l____ U niform cents p er hour ____ 12.2 9 .6 9 .4 9 .6 5 .0 5 .0 5 .2 5 .2 4 .5 1 6.8 13.8 13.8 8 .5 6 .5 6 .5 9 .3 2 .5 2 .5 6.1 6.1 6.1 2 cents __ __ __ __ ___ 3 cents _______ _______ _ 5 cents _ _______ _ 7 c e n t s __________________ 7V2 cents ____ _____ 8 cents ____ _______ ___ 9 cents ___________________ 10 cents __________ __ _ .3 .2 7 .2 .5 .1 ( 2) .1 1.0 _ _ 2. 1 2.0 _ .2 .7 .1 _ .6 _ _ 3.9 .6 .3 12.6 .l _ _ .1 _ _ 6.1 _ _ _ .6 1.9 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - - .3 .5 10.2 10.2 9 .3 24. 3 24. 3 2 4 .3 17. 0 16. 1 14.4 7.1 _ 2.2 22.2 14.4 .5 _ _ _ _ .8 2.0 1.0 .9 _ _ - - .3 - ( 2) 2 9 .6 .5 .5 _ .9 - - 2 3 .8 .9 2 5 .3 29.1 2. 8 2.8 1.0 1 5.3 14.7 1 4.7 7. 1 7.1 5. 1 10.7 6.8 6.8 19 .6 15 .4 15.4 . 2.0 1.1 10.8 .5 _ _ _ 3 .4 .9 _ 15.4 1.0 .6 1.0 T h ird or other late shift _ U niform p ercen tage ________ .1 .6 8 p ercen t ________________ 1 0 p ercen t _______________ .1 -1 .2 .4 R eceiv in g no shift differ ential ______ 2.6 4 .6 _ - _ _ 6.1 _ _ _ _ _ 1.0 - - - _ _ _ - - - 3 .0 2.0 6.8 _ .4 _ _ _ 4 .0 _ _ .2 _ _ _ 1 .1 1.8 - 2.0 - _ _ _ - 1.8 1.6 .4 - - 4 .0 4 .3 .7 .5 1.9 .2 _ - 2 .4 2 .4 .5 6. 0 6.0 6.0 1.9 1.9 1.1 6.0 1. 1 _ _ _ .5 1.8 - .8 1.8 - .8 1 Includes data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown separately. 2 L e s s than 0 .5 p e rce n t. NOTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sum s of individual item s m ay not equal totals. to VO Table 22. Paid Holidays (Percent of production and office workers in textile dyeing and finishing establishments with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States, selected regions, States, and areas, April—May 1961) United States 1 A reas States Regions N um ber o f paid holid ays 89 7 93 ~ 22 50 3 13 ' 43 ~ “ 11 6 1 59 41 99 100 100 _ _ 6 1 11 4 11 66 ( 2) 12 9 7 13 9 8 1 - 13 2 26 - _ 2 16 56 15 6 4 - _ 2 11 87 - _ 2 6 16 15 18 41 1 1 41 59 1 - 2 100 33 99 _ 1 1 2 17 60 _ 13 3 _ 2 2 30 66 2 _ 2 8 72 18 - 100 98 100 99 . 30 45 2 18 " 100 7 5 4 ( 2) 7 5 10 1 17 1 5 1 15 (?) ( 2) 5 18 22 11 2 ' 94 30 9 12 16 • 100 77 57 67 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 New Y ork 100 100 G eorgia Southeast P h ila delphia South C arolina New Je rse y Middle Atlantic P a terson — Clifton— P a ss a ic Rhode Island M a ssa chusetts New England North P en n syl vania C arolina New Y ork City P rodu ction w o rk e rs A ll produ ction w o rk e rs __________ W ork ers in establishm ents providing paid holidays _________ 1 d a y ---------------------------------2 days _______ 3 days __________________________ 3 days plus 1 h alf d a y _______ _ 4 d a y s _________________ ________ 5 days ____________________ __ 6 eays _______ _ ________ ___ __ 6 days plus 2 half days ----------7 days ____ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ 7 days plus 2 half d a y s ------------8 days ______ ___ _______ _____ __ 8 days plus 2 half d a y s ________ 9 days ____ ____________________ 10 days plus 3 half days ______ 1 2 days ________ ________ _______ W ork ers in establish m en ts providing no paid holidays -------- 23 O ffice w o rk e rs A ll o ffic e w ork ers ------------------------- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 W ork ers in establishm ents providing paid h olid ays --------------- 92 99 100 84 82 100 100 100 87 100 99 85 100 100 100 ( 2) 7 3 7 8 26 1 17 1 9 1 11 ( 2) ( 2) _ 1 2 25 44 14 7 2 59 29 - - 28 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 20 13 3 11 1 " 40 ( 2) 8 ( 2) ■ d a y _________________ ___________ days ___ _______________ ___ ___ days . ------- ---------------- __ days - — — ------------ — - days _ __ _____ _______ ___ days --------------------- ---------------days plus 2 h alf days -----------r ia y s ____ days plus 2 h a lf days -----------8 d a y s --------------------- ----- --- — 8 days plus 2 h a lf d a y s -----------9 days ---------— ------- 1 0 days plus 3 half d a y s --------------12 days ---------------------------------------------------1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 7 W ork ers in establishm ents p roviding no paid h o l id a y s _________- - _ _ 9 2 13 4 31 _ 1 14 6 12 14 35 1 - - - - 46 - - 16 8 42 - - - - 55 ' ■ 1 * - 16 18 1 Includes data fo r r e g io n s in addition to those shown separately. 2 L e s s than 0 .5 p e rce n t. NOTE: B ecau se o f rounding, 3 sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal totals. - 9 10 17 17 27 - 5 28 54 - 30 - 2 3 - 21 7 26 - - - 48 46 - - 20 - - - 21 - _ 29 ■ ' 13 “ 1 15 ( 2) - 1 - - 18 - - - - - 3 - - 48 - 48 - 48 1 31 - 67 - 2 - 30 ~ Table 23. Paid Vacations (Percent of production and office workers in textile dyeing and finishing establishments with form al provisions for paid vacations, United States, selected regions, States, and areas, April—May 1961) Regions V acation p o lic y United States 1 New England M iddle Atlantic States Southeast G eorgia M a ssa chusetts New J e rs e y A reas North New Y ork C arolina P en n syl vania Rhode Is land South Carolina New Y ork Paterson^Clifton— City P a ssa ic P h ila delphia P rodu ction w ork ers A ll p roduction w o r k e r s ------------------- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 61 35 1 100 87 13 - 100 95 5 - 95 36 57 1 86 4 82 - 100 84 16 - 100 100 _ 100 98 2 _ 96 25 68 4 100 72 28 _ 100 90 10 _ 95 44 51 _ 100 100 _ 100 100 _ 100 46 54 _ 3 - 5 14 - 5 - - A fter 6 m on th s' s e r v ic e : Under 1 w eek ----------------------------1 w eek ---------------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------- 49 12 (3) 69 7 - 82 10 (3) 31 12 74 4 - 68 12 - 93 4 - 78 5 - 50 4 “ 42 42 1 71 _ - 15 22 - 98 2 - 93 3 30 65 1 A fter 1 y e a r 's s e r v ic e : Under 1 w e e k ----------------------------1 w eek ---------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------- (3) 94 (3) 3 1 94 5 96 (3) 4 93 1 86 - 2 88 10 98 2 95 5 92 4 86 2 12 _ 99 - _ 95 _ - _ 98 2 _ 100 _ - _ 74 4 23 A fter 2 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e : 1 w eek ---------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------- 68 25 5 72 22 6 10 83 7 93 1 86 " 49 37 14 3 93 4 8 79 12 92 4 42 46 12 100 _ - 95 - 92 8 4 93 3 60 17 23 A fter 3 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e : 1 w eek --------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------2 w eeks -------------------------------------- 47 23 27 17 67 16 5 8 88 78 16 86 - 11 59 30 _ 100 8 3 89 64 27 4 18 46 36 13 87 - 79 16 - _ 6 94 _ _ 100 14 46 39 A fter 5 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e : 1 w e e k ---------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s -------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------- 6 1 88 1 1 7 2 82 2 6 1 1 95 3 - 9 85 " 35 51 - 3 5 79 14 95 5 - 100 - 15 81 “ 6 5 90 - 3 97 - _ _ 95 _ _ 100 - _ _ 100 _ 11 _ 89 - - A fter 10 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e : 1 w eek ---------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s -------3 w eeks -------------------------------------- 6 ( 3) 82 5 3 7 56 26 10 1 94 1 4 9 85 35 51 - 3 53 22 22 95 15 _ 81 - 5 90 5 - 3 _ 58 39 5 _ 97 3 _ _ 95 - A fter 15 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e :4 1 w eek ---------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s -------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------4 w e e k s --------------------------------------- 6 (3) 70 (3 ) 20 (3) 7 31 2 59 " 1 88 11 9 77 8 ” 35 38 13 " 3 34 64 ~ 91 9 " 88 9 3 15 _ 81 _ _ 5 73 . 22 3 _ 29 69 _ 91 5 " Method of paym ent W ork ers in establish m en ts providing paid v a c a t io n s ------------L e n g th -o f-tim e paym ent ---------P ercen ta ge p a y m e n t ----------------O th e r ------------------------------------------W ork ers in establish m en ts providing no paid vacations ------- 4 - Amount of vacation pay 2 See footn otes at end o f table 1 1 - - " - _ _ 93 7 . _ 88 _ 6 7 _ _ 100 _ - 90 10 - _ _ 96 « _ 57 _ 43 - _ 4 _ Table 23. Paid Vacations—Continued tS3 (Percent of production and office workers in textile dyeing and finishing establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations, United States, selected regions, States, and areas, April—May 1961) New England Middle Atlantic A reas States Regions United States 1 V acation p o lic y Southeast G eorgia M a ssa chusetts New Jersey North New Y ork C arolina P en n syl vania Rhode Is land South C arolina New Y ork P a terson ^ Clifton— City P a ss a ic Ph ila delphia O ffice w ork ers 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 81 16 (3) 90 81 6 3 100 88 12 - 100 100 - 100 92 8 - 97 93 4 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 99 71 28 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - - 2 10 - - 3 - 1 " - 33 29 17 19 39 25 5 46 2 59 21 - 42 16 16 15 46 33 16 39 13 4 59 2 34 18 16 27 35 29 46 3 19 24 31 4 61 27 30 28 25 (3 ) 43 56 1 49 50 30 70 48 50 14 76 2 60 39 18 82 38 62 18 80 59 41 35 65 65 33 19 81 8 92 34 66 A fter 2 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e : 1 w e e k ---------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------- 31 7 61 33 15 52 7 16 77 42 _ 55 14 76 31 31 39 8 92 18 18 65 5 92 14 37 49 32 68 63 36 - 12 88 100 4 30 66 A fte r 3 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e : 1 w eek ---------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------- 25 9 64 1 10 36 54 - 7 3 87 3 42 56 - 14 76 - 5 52 42 - 96 4 18 82 - 5 92 " 14 18 68 - 6 27 68 - 61 37 - 100 “ 94 6 4 96 ” A fter 5 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e : 1 w e e k ---------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------- 2 1 95 1 7 2 89 2 - 1 96 - 8 82 - 4 6 84 6 96 4 - (3) 97 3 100 - 1 96 - 1 99 - 6 94 - (3) 98 - 100 ■ 94 6 100 ~ A fte r 10 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e : 1 w e e k ---------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s -------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------- 2 (3 ) 86 3 7 64 14 16 (3) 91 93 A fte r 15 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e : 4 1 w eek --------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks - .......2 w e e k s --------------------------------------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------- 2 (3) 68 28 40 54 A ll o ffic e w o r k e r s -------------------------- 100 100 100 96 4 - 100 98 2 - 1 - A fter 6 m on th s' s e r v ic e : Under 1 w eek ----------------------------1 w eek ---------------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------- 15 39 14 A fter 1 y e a r 's s e r v ic e : Under 1 w e e k ----------------------------1 w eek --------------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------- 100 100 Method of paym ent W ork ers in establishm ents p rovidin g paid v a c a t io n s ------------L e n g th -o f-tim e p a y m e n t----------P ercen ta g e p a y m e n t ----------------Other -----------------------------------------W ork ers in establishm ents providin g no paid v a c a t io n s -------- 99 89 10 (3 ) Am ount of vacation p a y 2 7 - 1 - - - - 30 96 4 90 10 1 96 - 1 80 19 6 48 17 29 (3 ) 98 - 100 - 94 6 70 30 96 4 90 10 1 87 9 1 80 19 6 12 82 (3) 82 16 100 94 6 70 30 8 4 - - 8 3 53 67 20 10 1 76 20 8 16 66 4 57 39 7 - - (3) 91 8 - - - - ' 1 Includes data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown separately. 2 Vacation paym ents such as p e rce n t o f annual earnings w ere converted to an equivalent tim e b a s is . P e rio d s of s e r v ic e w ere a r b itra rily ch osen and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t the individual establish m en ts p rov is ion s fo r p r o g r e s s io n s . F o r exam ple, the changes in p roportion s indicated at 5 y ears m ay include changes o c c u r rin g betw een 3 and 5 y e a r s . 3 L ess than 0. 5 p e rce n t. 4 V acation p r o v is io n s w e re virtu a lly the sam e after longer p eriods of s e r v ic e . NOTE: B ecau se of rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal totals. Table 24. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of production and office workers in textile dyeing and finishing establishments with specified health, insurance, and pension plans, United States, selected regions, States, and areas, April—May 1961) Regions United States 2 Type of plan 1 New England Middle Atlantic States Southeast G eorgia M a ssa chusetts New J e rs e y New Y ork Areas North C arolina P en n syl vania Rhode Island South C arolina New Y ork City Paterson^ Clifton— P a ssa ic P h ila delphia P rodu ction w o rk e rs A ll produ ction w o rk e rs __ _ ___ W ork ers in establish m en ts providing: L ife insu ran ce --------------------------A ccid en tal death and d is m e m berm en t in su ran ce ____________ S ickn ess and accid en t in s u r ance or s ick leave or both 3 __ S ick n ess and accid en t i n s u r a n c e __ ___ __ _____ Sick leave (full pay, no w aiting p e r io d ) _____________ Sick lea ve (partial pay or waiting p e rio d ) _____________ H ospitalization i n s u r a n c e ______ S u rgica l in s u r a n c e ______________ M ed ica l in s u r a n c e _______________ C atastrophe in su ran ce _______ R etirem en t pen sion __ _____ „ R etirem en t s e v e ra n ce p a y _____ No health, in su ran ce, o r pension p l a n __ __ _______ ___ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 91 97 99 97 91 98 98 100 93 90 100 96 100 87 53 74 18 59 33 65 10 9 53 64 85 73 5 7 56 68 56 98 57 58 86 100 100 81 88 1 44 100 100 78 66 56 98 57 58 86 100 100 81 88 1 44 100 100 78 - - - - - - - 2 90 89 36 11 40 6 97 94 88 2 19 28 3 98 97 32 69 4 85 85 17 13 35 - - - - - 98 90 90 18 34 78 88 19 2 35 - 7 100 100 54 66 - 100 100 11 93 - 33 88 88 61 50 19 1 3 2 - (4) - - - 97 97 92 20 20 98 98 13 88 - 3 100 100 68 48 6 - 3 - - 93 93 7 4 55 100 _ 88 88 25 19 39 _ 17 94 89 54 26 18 - 2 2 - - - 3 100 100 100 100 100 O ffice w ork ers A ll o ffic e w ork ers W ork ers in establish m en ts p rovidin g: L ife insu ran ce — __________ __ A ccid en ta l death and d is m e m berm en t in su ran ce ____________ S ick n ess and accid en t in s u r ance or s ick leave or both 3 __ Sickness and accid en t in su ran ce ___________________ Sick leave (full pay, no w aiting p e r i o d ) _____________ Sick leave (partial pay or w aiting p e r i o d ) _____________ H ospitalization i n s u r a n c e ______ S u rgica l in s u r a n c e ______________ M ed ica l i n s u r a n c e __ _ ___ C atastroph e i n s u r a n c e _________ _____ R etirem en t pen sion ____ R etirem en t s ev era n ce p a y _____ No health, in su ra n ce, or pen sion plan __________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 92 93 99 62 79 19 69 96 89 86 89 100 93 95 100 87 96 88 62 61 9 10 62 61 91 77 1 7 40 60 56 97 45 60 92 100 100 79 85 5 23 100 100 76 52 48 97 31 7 85 100 100 63 85 1 13 100 100 76 21 20 29 21 53 33 31 30 24 22 5 19 19 41 30 4 90 89 42 13 41 6 95 95 87 3 35 13 97 97 31 1 9 2 84 84 22 14 52 5 93 93 62 57 68 _ 98 98 93 47 - 100 100 9 8 - 94 94 64 12 10 83 83 28 15 71 _ 93 90 54 8 8 _ 98 95 95 33 29 80 80 18 5 47 10 92 92 49 . 100 100 7 _ - 88 88 68 _ 1 4 1 • " 2 - - 5 2 ■ ■ - 8 1 Includes only those plans fo r w hich at least part o f the cost is borne by the e m p lo y e r. L e ga lly re q u ire d plans such as w ork m en ’ s com pensation and s o c ia l secu rity w ere excluded; how ever, those plans r e q u ir e d by T e m p o ra ry D isability Insurance Laws w e re included i f financed at le a st in part by the e m p lo y e r. 2 Includes data fo r r e g io n s in addition to those shown separately. 3 U nduplicated total o f w o rk e rs re ce ivin g s ick leave or sick n ess and accid en t insurance shown sep arately. 4 L es s than 0 .5 p e rce n t. CO CO Appendix A: Scope and Method of Survey Scope o f S urvey The su rv e y in cluded establish m en ts p r im a r ily engaged in b lea ch in g , dyein g, p rin ting, and other m e ch a n ica l fin ish in g, such as p resh rin k in g , ca le n d e rin g , and napping o f te x tile s (industry group 226 as defined in the 1957 Standard Industrial C la s s ific a tio n M anual, p re p a re d by the U .S . B ureau o f the B udget). E stablishm ents p r im a r ily engaged in dyeing and finish in g w o o l fa b r ic s and knit goods a re c la s s ifie d in in d u stries 2231 and 225, and w e re exclu ded fro m the study. F o r p u rp o se s o f this study, the c la s s ific a tio n o f an establish m en t w hich p r o c e s s e d m o r e than one type o f m a te ria l (cotton o r synthetic) was b a sed on the predom inant type o f m a te ria l p r o c e s s e d . T e x tile s containing m ix ed fib e r s w e re c la s s ifie d in a c c o rd a n ce with the predom in an t fib e r content, ex cep t that m ix tu res containing 25 p e rce n t or m o r e w ool w ere c la s s ifie d as w o o l and exclu d ed fr o m the study. B roadw oven fa b r ic s include m a te ria ls o v e r 12 in ch es in width. E stablishm ents p r o c e s s in g silk te x tile s w e re c la s s ifie d with syn th etics. The establish m en ts studied w e re se le c te d fr o m th ose em p loyin g 20 o r m o r e w o rk e rs at the tim e o f r e fe r e n c e o f the data u sed in com p ilin g the u n iv e rse lis t s . The num ber o f establish m en ts and w o rk e rs a ctu ally studied by the B ureau, as w e ll as the num ber estim ated to be in the industry during the p a y r o ll p e r io d studied, a re shown in the follow in g table: Estimated number of establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied, textile dyeing and finishing establishments, April-May 1961 Number of establishments R egion,1 State, and area 2 within scope of study Studied Workers in establishments Within scope of study Studied Production workers Office workers Total Total 3 United States 4 --------------------------------------------------- 376 190 67,885 57,326 4,180 49,085 New England ----------------------------------------------------M assach usetts----------------------------------------------Rhode Islan d------------—-----------------------------------Middle A tla n tic --------------------------------------------------New Jersey —— -------------- -------------—— ------Paterson—Clifton—P assaic —- —-------- ------New Y o r k --------------------—---------------- -------------New York City ------------------------------------------Pennsylvania -------------------------------------- ---------P hiladelphia---------------------------------------------Southeast-----------------------------------------------------------Georgi a ---------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ———. . . . . — North Carolina ------------------------------------------—— South Carolina —----------------------------------------- — 84 37 28 182 95 67 59 43 28 15 79 12 35 21 46 21 13 81 31 24 32 24 18 11 51 11 19 16 12, 915 5,919 4, 546 15,681 9, 506 7,193 3,752 1,942 2,423 1,320 35, 441 3,908 10,486 17,104 10,736 5,036 3,728 13,168 8,054 6,077 3,110 1,637 2,004 1,052 30,399 3,558 8,711 14,661 911 347 347 869 502 378 204 83 163 102 2,147 125 731 1,104 10,062 4,529 3, 586 9,286 5,169 4,081 2, 241 1,201 1,876 1,153 27,227 3,884 7,485 14,007 1 The regions used in this study include: New England— Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic-—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; and Southeast— Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. 2 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Budget, except New York City (the 5 bor oughs) and Philadelphia (Philadelphia and Delaware Counties, Pa., and Camden County, N.J.). * Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate production and office worker categories. 4 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study. 35 36 M ethod o f Study Data w ere obtained by p e rso n a l v is its o f Bureau fie ld e co n o m ists under the d ire ctio n o f the Bureau*s A ssista n t R egion al D ir e c to r s fo r W ages and Industrial R ela tion s. The su rv ey was con ducted on a sam ple b a s is . To obtain a p p rop ria te a c c u r a c y at m inim um c o s t, a g re a te r p ro p o rtio n o f la rg e than o f sm a ll establish m en ts was studied. In com binin g the data, h ow ev er, a ll esta b lish m en ts w ere given th eir ap p rop riate weight. A ll estim a tes a re p resen ted , th e re fo re , as relatin g to a ll establish m en ts in the in d u stry group, excluding on ly those b elow the m inim u m siz e at the tim e o f r e fe r e n c e o f the u n iv e rse data. E stablishm ent D efinition An establish m en t, fo r p u rp oses o f this study, is defined as a sin gle p h y sica l lo ca tio n w here in d u strial op era tion s a re p e r fo r m e d . An establish m en t is not n e c e s s a r ily id e n tica l with the com p an y, w hich m ay c o n s is t o f one o r m o r e e sta b lish m en ts. E m ploym ent The estim a tes o f the num ber o f w o rk e rs within the sco p e o f the study a re intended as a g en era l guide to the s iz e and co m p o s itio n o f the la b o r fo r c e in clu d ed in the su rv e y . The advance planning n e c e s s a r y to m ake a wage su rv e y re q u ire s the u se o f lis ts o f establish m en ts a sse m b le d co n s id e r a b ly in advance o f the p a y ro ll p e rio d studied. P rod u ction W ork ers The te r m "p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s , n as u sed in this r e p o rt, in clu d es w ork ing fo re m e n and a ll n o n s u p e rv is o ry w o rk e rs engaged in n on o ffice fu n ction s. A d m in istra tiv e, e x ecu tiv e, p ro fe s s io n a l, and te ch n ica l p e rso n n e l, and fo r c e -a c c o u n t co n stru ctio n em p lo y e e s who w ere u tilized as a separate w ork fo r c e on the firm *s own p ro p e r tie s w ere exclu d ed . O ffice W ork ers The te rm " o ffic e w o r k e r s , " as u sed in this re p o rt, in clu d es a ll n o n s u p e rv is o ry o ffic e w ork ers and ex clu d es a d m in istra tiv e, e x ecu tiv e, p r o fe s s io n a l, and te ch n ica l e m p lo y e e s . O ccupations S elected fo r Study O ccupational c la s s ific a tio n was b a sed on a u n iform set o f jo b d e sc r ip tio n s design ed to take accou nt o f in teresta b lish m en t and in te ra re a v a ria tion s in duties within the sam e jo b . (See appendix B fo r listin g o f these jo b d e s c r ip t io n s .) The occu p a tion s w ere ch o se n fo r th eir n u m erica l im p orta n ce , th eir u sefu ln ess in c o lle c tiv e bargain in g, o r th eir re p re se n ta tiv e n e ss o f the en tire jo b s ca le in the in du stry. W orking s u p e r v is o r s , a p p re n tice s, le a r n e r s , b e g in n e rs, tra in e e s, handicapped, p a r t-tim e , te m p o ra ry , and p rob a tion a ry w o rk e rs w ere not r e p o rte d in the data fo r s e le c te d occu p a tion s, but w ere in cluded in the data fo r a ll p rod u ction w o r k e r s . Wage Data The wage in form a tion re la te s to a vera ge stra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in gs, exclu din g p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid a y s, and late sh ifts. Incentive paym ents, such as those resu ltin g fr o m p ie ce w o rk o r p rod u ction bonus sy ste m s and c o s t - o f-liv in g bon u ses, w ere in cluded as p a rt o f the w ork ers* re g u la r pay; but n onproduction bonus paym ents, such as C h ristm a s o r yea ren d b on u ses, w ere exclu d ed . The h ou rly earnings o f sa la rie d w ork e rs w ere obtained by dividing stra ig h t-tim e sa la r y by n orm a l rath er than actual h o u r s .9 C om p a rison With Other S tatistics The stra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earnings p resen ted in this r e p o rt d iffe r in co n ce p t fr o m the g r o s s av era g e h ou rly earnings published in the Bureau*s m onthly h ours and earnings s e r ie s . Unlike the la tte r, the estim a tes p resen ted h ere exclu d e p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid a y s, and late sh ifts. In addition, establish m en ts in this su rv ey are 9 A verag e h ou rly rates o r earnings fo r each occu p a tion o r oth er group o f w o r k e r s , such as m en, w om en, o r p rod u ction w o r k e r s , w ere obtained by weighting each rate (o r h ourly earnings) by the num ber o f w o rk e rs re c e iv in g the ra te. 37 w eighted in a cc o r d a n c e with th eir p ro b a b ility o f se le c tio n fr o m a r e g io n a l-s iz e c la s s and av erag e earnings a re ca lcu la ted fr o m the w eighted data by sum m ing individual h ou rly earnings and dividin g by the num ber o f individuals re p re se n te d . In the m onthly s e r ie s , the sum o f the m an -h ou r totals r e p o rte d by establish m en ts in the in du stry is divided into the re p o rte d p a y ro ll tota ls. The re su lts fr o m the m onthly s e r ie s give a g re a te r w eight to la rg e e s ta b lis h m ents b eca u se o f the nature o f the sa m p le. S ize o f C om m unity T abulations by s iz e o f com m un ity p erta in to m e tro p o lita n and n on m etrop olita n a r e a s . The te rm "m etro p o lita n a re a , " as u sed in this r e p o r t, r e fe r s to the Standard M etrop olitan S ta tistical A re a s as defined by the U .S . B ureau o f the Budget. E xcep t in New England, a Standard M etrop olita n S ta tistica l A r e a is defined as a county or group o f contiguous cou nties w hich contains at le a st 1 city o f 50 ,0 0 0 o r m o r e inhabitants. Contiguous cou nties to the one containing such a city a re in cluded in a Standard M etrop olitan S ta tistica l A r e a if, a cc o r d in g to ce rta in c r it e r ia , they a re e sse n tia lly m e t r o politan in ch a ra cte r and a re s o c ia lly and e c o n o m ic a lly in tegrated with the cen tra l city . In New England, w h ere the city and town a re a d m in istra tiv e ly m o r e im portan t than the county, they are the units u sed in defining Standard M etrop olita n S ta tistica l A r e a s . L a b or-M a n a g em en t A greem en ts S eparate wage data a re p re se n te d , w h ere p o s s ib le , fo r esta b lish m en ts with (1) a m a jo rity o f the p rod u ction w o rk e rs c o v e r e d by la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t co n tra cts and (2) none or a m in o rity o f the p rod u ction w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c ts . E stablish m en t P r a c tic e s and S upplem entary W age P r o v is io n s Supplem entary ben efits and p r a c tic e s w e re trea ted s ta tis tic a lly on the b a sis that if fo r m a l p ro v is io n s fo r su pplem en tary ben efits and p r a c tic e s w e re a p p lica b le to h alf or m o r e o f the p rod u ctio n w o rk e rs in an e sta b lish m en t, the p r a c tic e s or ben efits w e re co n s id e r e d a p p lica b le to a ll such w o r k e r s . S im ila rly , i f few er than h a lf o f the w o r k e r s w e re c o v e r e d , the p r a c tic e o r ben efit was c o n s id e r e d n onexistent in the esta b lish m en t. B eca u se o f l e n g t h -o f-s e r v ic e and other e lig ib ility r e q u ire m e n ts, the p r o p o r tio n o f w o rk e rs r e c e iv in g the b en efits m ay be s m a lle r than estim a ted . W eek ly H o u r s . — Data r e fe r to the predom inant w ork sch edule fo r p rod u ction w o r k e r s (o r o ffic e w o rk e r s ) em p loyed on the day sh ift, r e g a r d le s s o f se x . Shift P r a c t ic e s . — Data r e fe r to the p r a c tic e s o f esta b lish m en ts op era tin g ex tra shifts during the p a y r o ll p e r io d studied. P aid H o lid a y s . — P aid h olida y p r o v is io n s rela te to fu ll-d a y and h a lf-d a y h olidays v id ed annually. p ro P aid V a ca tio n s . — The su m m a ry o f v a ca tion plans is lim ite d to fo r m a l a rra n g e m e n ts, exclu d in g in fo rm a l p la n s, w h ereb y tim e o ff with pay is granted at the d is c r e tio n o f the e m p lo y e r o r the s u p e r v is o r . P aym ents not on a tim e b a sis w e re co n v e rte d ; fo r ex a m p le, a paym ent o f 2 p e rce n t o f annual earnings was c o n s id e r e d the equivalent o f 1 w e e k ’ s pay* The p e rio d s o f s e r v ic e fo r w hich data a re p re se n te d w e re se le c te d as re p re se n ta tiv e o f the m o st com m on p r a c t i c e s , but they do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t individual establish m en t p r o v isio n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n . F o r ex a m p le, the changes in p ro p o rtio n s in d icated at 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e include changes in p r o v is io n s w hich m a y have o c c u r r e d a fter 4 y e a r s . H ealth, In su ra n ce, and P en s io n P la n s . — Data a re p re se n te d fo r a ll health, in su ra n ce , and p en sion plans fo r w hich a ll o r a part o f the c o s t is b orn e by the e m p lo y e r , exclu d in g only p ro g ra m s re q u ire d by law , such as w o r k m e n ’s com p en sa tion and s o c ia l se c u r ity . A m ong the plans in cluded a re th ose u nd erw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com pany and th ose paid d ir e c t ly by the e m p lo y e r fr o m his cu rre n t op era tin g funds or fr o m a fund set aside fo r this p u rp ose. Death ben efits a re in cluded as a fo r m o f life in su ra n ce . S ick n ess and a ccid en t in su ran ce is lim ite d to that type o f in su ra n ce under w hich p re d e te rm in e d ca sh paym ents 38 are m ade d ir e c tly to the in su red on a w eekly o r m onthly b a sis during illn e s s o r a ccid en t d isa b ility . In form ation is p resen ted fo r a ll such plans to w hich the e m p lo y e r con trib u tes at le a st a part o f the c o s t. Tabulations o f paid s ic k lea v e plans a re lim ite d to fo r m a l plans w hich p rov id e fu ll pay o r a p rop ortio n o f the w o r k e r ’ s pay during a b sen ce fr o m w ork b e ca u se o f illn e s s ; in fo r m a l arran gem en ts have been om itted. Separate tabulations a re p rov id ed a cc o r d in g to (1) plans w hich p rovid e fu ll pay and no waiting p e rio d and (Z) plans p rovid in g either p a rtia l pay o r a waiting p eriod . M ed ical in su ra n ce r e fe r s to plans p rovid in g fo r co m p le te o r p a rtia l paym ent o f d o c t o r ’ s fe e s . Such plans m ay be u nderw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com pan y o r a n on profit org an iza tion , or m ay be s e lf-in s u r e d . C atastrophe in su ra n ce , so m e tim e s r e fe r r e d to as extended m e d ica l in su ra n ce, in clu d es the plans design ed to c o v e r e m p loyees in c a se o f sick n e ss o r in ju ry in volvin g an e x pense w hich g oes beyond the n orm a l co v e r a g e o f h o sp ita liza tion , m e d ic a l, and su r g ic a l plans. Tabulations o f re tire m e n t plans p rov id e in fo rm a tio n se p a ra te ly fo r : (1) T hose that p rov id e reg u lar paym ents upon re tire m e n t fo r the rem a in d er o f the w o r k e r ’ s life and (2) those that p rovid e a lu m p -su m amount to the w o rk e r upon re tire m e n t, co m m o n ly r e fe r r e d to as ’ ’retire m e n t sev era n ce pay. ” Appendix B: Occupational Descriptions The p r im a r y p u rp ose of p rep a rin g jo b d e scrip tio n s fo r the B u rea u ’ s w age su rv ey s is to a s s is t its fie ld staff in c la s s ify in g into a p p rop ria te occu p a tion s w o r k e r s who a re em p loyed under a v a rie ty o f p a y ro ll titles and d ifferen t w o rk arra n g em en ts fr o m establish m en t to esta b lish m en t and fr o m a re a to a re a . This is e sse n tia l in o r d e r to p e rm it the grouping o f occu p ation al wage ra te s re p re se n tin g com p a ra b le jo b content. B eca u se o f this em p h a sis on in teresta b lish m en t and in te ra re a co m p a ra b ility o f o c c u p a tional content, the B u rea u ’ s jo b d e scrip tio n s m ay d iffe r sign ifica n tly fr o m those in use in individual esta b lish m en ts o r those p re p a re d fo r oth er p u rp o se s. In applying these job d e s c r ip tio n s , the Bureau*s fie ld e co n o m ists a re in stru cted to exclu d e w orking s u p e r v is o r s , a p p re n tice s, le a r n e r s , b e g in n e rs, tra in e e s, handicapped, p a r t-tim e , te m p o ra ry , and p rob a tion a ry w o r k e r s . AGER OPERATOR D evelops and fix e s c o lo r s in dyed or p rin ted clo th by running clo th through ager containing steam and am m onia or a c e tic a cid and am m onia. W ork in v olv es m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Supplying a g er with n e c e s s a r y m a te r ia ls , hand trucking clo th fr o m dyeing or printing departm ent, and c a r r y in g a cid or am m onia in bu ck ets; draining used a cid fr o m a cid box and p lacin g new a cid into r e s e r v o ir ; o b se rv in g clo th feed in g into and out o f m a ch in e, m aking sure clo th fe e d s even ly; exam ining cloth entering m ach in e fo r printing d e fe c ts ; in sp ecting clo th leaving m achine fo r p ro p e r aging, and adjusting flow o f a cid fr o m r e s e r v o ir to a g e r, and regulating steam p r e s s u r e to e ffe c t exact quality o f aging re q u ire d ; dipping am m onia into b ox on m ach in e; sew ing on new p ie c e s o f clo th as tru ck b e c o m e s em pty, and ripping cloth apart as tru ck of steam ed cloth is fille d ; and starting and stopping, o ilin g , and clean in g m ach in e. BACK TEN DER, PRINTING Tends the b ack p art of the printing m a ch in e. W ork in v olv es m o st o f the fo llo w in g : A ssistin g in p re p a rin g m achine fo r op era tion by p la cin g cloth and printing r o lle r s in p osition ; adjusting printing r o lle r s to p r o p e r ly pitch the pattern; setting d o c to r s in p la c e ; threading clo th through m a ch in e; using a p orta b le sew ing m achine to sew p ie c e s o f white cloth togeth er to m ake a continuous strip fo r prin ting; regulating clo th -te n sio n s c r e w s ; m aintaining steam p r e s s u r e in drying ca n s; clean in g printing r o lle r s when m achine is stopped; and rem ov in g d o cto rs and c o lo r b o x e s , and w ashing the r o ll e r s . F o r wage study p u r p o s e s , b a ck te n d e rs, printing, a re length of the r o lle r s , as fo llo w s : c la s s ifie d a cc o r d in g to the Under 48 in ch es 48 in ch es and o v e r BATCH ER O perates m achine u sed fo r winding cloth p re p a ra to ry to fu rth er p r o c e s s in g , such as bleach in g , dyeing, o r prin ting. Duties in v o lv e : Threading clo th through m ach in e r o ll e r s , adjusting r o lle r s fo r tension; p la cin g em pty c y lin d r ic a l sh ell on winding axle; startin g m ach in e; m aintaining c o r r e c t tension on clo th by p r e ssin g guide b a r; and stopping m achine when end o f cloth is rea ch ed . May sew end o f new p ie c e o f cloth to p re ce d in g p ie c e in m achine by p ortable sewing m ach in e. 39 40 B O IL -O F F MACHINE OPERATOR O perates one o r m o r e b o il - o f f m ach in es to b o il clo th o r yarn in ly c , a lk a li, o r other ch e m ica l solution as one o f the p re lim in a ry blea ch in g op era tion s to re m o v e im p u rites such as gum , d irt, or r e s in . W ork in v olv es m o st o f the fo llo w in g : F illin g separate c o m p a r t m ents of tank with w a ter; dumping c h e m ic a ls and soap into fir s t vat o r com p a rtm en t and regulating v a lv es adm itting steam to heat the resu ltin g liq u o r s ; loading cloth or yarn into m achine by hand o r m ech a n ica l m ean s; regulating speed of m achine and ch eck in g tem pera tu re of liq u o r; and ch eck in g shrinkage o f clo th by m ea su rin g d istance betw een m a rk e rs attached to selv ag e of cloth . CALENDER TENDER O perates a ca len d erin g m achine that p r e s s e s and im p a rts a lu ste r to the clo th . W ork in v olv es m ost o f the fo llo w in g : P osition in g r o ll o f cloth good s on m achine and threading it through the ca len d erin g r o lls ; regulating and adjusting p r e s s u r e a n d /o r speed o f r o lls ; regu lating the heating o f the c y lin d e r; and clean ing and oilin g the m a ch in e. F o r wage study p u r p o s e s , o p e r a to r s o f "p a lm e r " m a ch in es that a re u sed to p r e s s fin ish ed cloth are in cluded in this c la s s ific a tio n . COLOR MIXER M ixes and blends by hand o r m a ch in e, a cco rd in g to fo rm u la , p ow der or paste c o lo r s o r standards with one another o r with n e c e s s a r y in gred ien ts to obtain d e s ir e d c o lo r or shade fo r use as dye stuffs fo r cloth o r yarn dyeing or as c o lo r fo r cloth printing or coa tin g. F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , c o lo r m ix e r s are c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : Dye house P rin t shop CONTINUOUS B LE AC H RANGE O PE RA TO R Jointly op era te J b o x e s , sa tu ra to rs, and w a sh ers of a continuous b lea ch range. W ork in v o lv e s: T estin g con cen tra tion s o f solutions in sa tu ra tors and m aintaining p ro p e r strength and supply; and threading m ach in es and watching fo r tangles and b re a k s. DO U B LE- AND R O L L-M A C H IN E OPE RA TO R O perates a m achine to double cloth lengthw ise and r o ll it into b o lts, o r r o ll s , o r onto w ooden fra m e fo r d e liv e ry to cu s to m e r . W ork in v o lv e s: Mounting r o lls o f fin ish ed clo th on m ach in e; m ounting flat b o a rd c e n te rs on winding sp in d les; threading clo th around guide r o lle r s o v e r trian gle fold in g d ev ice and w rapping a few turns around b oa rd c e n te r; keeping fo ld in exact ce n te r o f clo th by m aking n e c e s s a r y adjustm ent when needed; and cutting cloth when req u ire d length is wound and pasting stick e r on b olt showing yard age as in dicated on dial of m easu rin g d e v ice . D R Y -C A N S OPE RA TO R (Can m an, drying; can runner; can tender; d r ie r o p e r a to r ; d r ie r ten der; d r y -c a n ten der; d ry in g -ca n m an; d ry in g -m a ch in e ten d er) D ries cloth in any o f s e v e r a l departm ents by m ach in e c o n sistin g o f many la rg e h ollow cy lin d e rs (can s) a rra n g ed h orizo n ta lly in tie r s , g e a re d to turn togeth er, and fille d with steam . W ork in v o lv e s m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Cleaning the drying ca n s; threading end o f cloth around can s and attaching it to takeup r o lle r ; co n tro llin g v a lv e s adm itting steam to ca n s, and regulating p r e s s u r e to m aintain c o r r e c t tem peratu re; regulating speed to p e rm it adequate drying; and o b s e rv in g cloth to see that it fe e d s straight and sm oothly into m ach in e, and that dry clo th c o m e s out p r o p e r ly fr o m d e liv e ry end. In addition, m ay sew end o f clo th fr o m next r o ll to end o f p re ce d in g r o ll. 41 D YE IN G -M AC H IN E TENDER, CLOTH O perates one o f the v a rio u s types of dyeing m a ch in es such as b e ck , b o x , jig , pad, continuous, e tc. , to dye cloth . W ork in v olv es m o st o f the fo llo w in g : T hreading cloth through m ach in e; operating v a lv e s adm itting dye o r liq u or into the trough o r vat o f m ach in e; o b se rv in g p a ssa g e o f cloth to elim in ate tangling o r overlap p in g; regu lating speed o f m achine and adjusting it fo r p ro p e r num ber of dips cloth is to r e c e iv e ; w ashing out vat a fter ea ch batch ; and clean ing and oilin g m a ch in e. F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , d yein g -m a ch in e te n d e rs, cloth, a re c la s s ifie d a cc o r d in g to type of m achine op era ted , as fo llo w s : B eck o r box Continuous Jig or pad Other DYEING-M ACHINE TEN DER, RAW STOCK, TOPS, OR YARN P re p a r e s and o p e ra te s one or m o re of the v a rio u s types o f dyeing m a ch in es or k ettles used to dye raw stock , top s, o r ya rn . W ork in v o lv e s: M ixing dye c o lo r s , a c id s , soap and w ater a ccord in g to fo rm u la , and pou rin g solution into kettle o r tank o f m a ch in e, o r opening and co n tro llin g v a lv e s w hich supply dyeing equipm ent with dyeing solu tion s and w a ter; loading m a teria l into m ach in e o r k ettle; co n tro llin g steam v a lv e s to heat solution; starting and stopping the rotating or re v o lv in g m ech a n ism o f the m ach in e; and re m o v in g dyed batch , draining so lu tion fr o m kettle o r m achine and rin sin g equipm ent fo r next batch. May use m ech a n ica l h oist to low er or ra is e kettle ba sk ets o r other p a rts o f equipm ent. F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , d y ein g -m a ch in e te n d e rs, raw stock , top s, o r yarn are c la s s ifie d a cco rd in g to m a te ria l being dyed, as fo llo w s : Raw stock T ops Y arn E LE C T R IC IA N , MAINTENANCE P e r fo r m s a v a rie ty o f e le c t r ic a l trade functions such as the in sta lla tion , m aintenance o r r e p a ir o f equipm ent fo r the g en era tion , d istrib u tion , or u tiliza tion o f e le c t r ic e n erg y in an establish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : Installing or re p a irin g any o f a v a rie ty o f e le c t r ic a l equipm ent, such as g e n e r a to r s , tr a n s fo r m e r s , sw itch b o a rd s, c o n t r o lle r s , c i r cu it b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , heating units, conduit sy ste m s, o r oth er tra n sm issio n equipm ent; w ork ing fr o m b lu e p rin ts, draw in gs, layou t, o r oth er s p e c ific a tio n s ; loca tin g and diagnosing trou ble in the e le c t r ic a l sy stem o r equipm ent; w ork ing standard com pu tation s rela tin g to load req u irem e n ts o f w irin g o r e le c t r ic a l equipm ent; and using a v a rie ty o f e le c t r ic ia n 's handtools and m ea su rin g and testing in stru m en ts. In g e n e ra l, the w o rk o f the m aintenance e le c t r ic ia n re q u ir e s rounded training and e x p e r ie n c e , u su ally a cq u ire d through a fo r m a l ap p ren ticesh ip or equivalent training and e x p e r ie n c e . FINISHING-RANGE O PE RA TO R Tends any se v e r a l (u su ally 3) p o sitio n s o f a finish in g range used to apply fin ish m ixtu re to cloth . Includes fe e d e r at fron t end o f m achine who w a tch es fo r c o r r e c t feed in g o f g o o d s , rem ov in g fo ld s , straightening se lv a g e s, e t c . , se cu rin g and p la cin g new • iji ° f f ° nt° m a ch in e > and sew ing goods togeth er, end to end; the o p e ra to r at the m iddle o f the range who c o n tr o ls the fin ish m ixtu re in the pad by adding c h e m ic a ls as r e qu ired; adju sts pins o r c lip s o f the te n te r -fr a m e unit w hich d eterm in e the width o f the cloth ; reg u la tes the lin e a r speed o f the m ach in e and the steam a n d /o r tem pera tu re supply (m ay a s s is t m en at feed in g o r d e liv e r y end o f range in p la cin g o r rem o v in g r o lls ); and the take— ] ? an at the d e liv e r y end o f the range who ch e ck s the width o f the g o o d s, ch e ck s w hether g ood s are p r o p e r ly dry; and takes o ff the co m p le te r o ll, re p la cin g it with an em pty sh ell. 42 IN SPECTOR, CLO TH , HAND (E x am in er, clo th , hand) In sp ects and ex a m in es dyed, fin ish ed, o r g re y cloth fo r such qu a lities and c h a r a c t e r is tic s as c o lo r , shade, bulk, fin ish , d im en sion s, and d e fe cts . W ork in v o lv e s m o st o f the follow in g : Unfolding and exam ining fo ld s o f cloth p re v io u sly in dicated as d e fe c tiv e , o r e x am ining each fo ld o f the en tire cut of clo th , or pulling cloth o v e r an in sp ection fra m e and exam ining it in natural light; m arking and/ or indicating the lo ca tio n o f im p e r fe c tio n s with ch alk o r thread; using handtools, such as bu rling iro n , cloth n ip p e rs, s c is s o r s , o r w eaver*s com b to rem o v e knots, slu b s, o r lo o s e th rea d s, o r to even ly sp rea d yarn o v e r thin p la c e s ; determ in in g if cloth is of standard quality; and grading and m ea su rin g cloth and r e c o r d in g this in form ation on w ork tick et o r other r e c o r d . In addition, m ay exam ine yarn fo r size and test strength of cloth . IN SPECTOR, CLO TH , (E x a m in er, MACHINE clo th , m ach in e) O perates exam ining m achine to in sp ect g rey cloth o r dyed and fin ish ed clo th fo r d e fe cts o r im p e r fe c t p r o c e s s in g . W ork in v o lv e s: Mounting r o ll o f clo th on axle o f m a ch in e; threading cloth o v e r r o lle r s and in sp ection b o a rd to takeup b ea m , w rapping end around b ea m , setting yardage in d ica to r, and starting m a ch in e; watching fo r flaw s in clo th and ir r e g u la r ity o f c o lo r s o r shade; stopping m achine and m arking lo ca tio n o f d e fe c ts ; and rem ov in g in sp ected cloth and re co rd in g y a rd a g e , num ber o f d e fe cts , and sim ila r in form a tion . JANITOR (Sw eeper) Cleans and k eeps in an o r d e r ly con dition fa c to r y w ork ing a re a s and w a s h ro o m s, or p r e m is e s o f an o ffic e , apartm ent h ouse, or c o m m e r c ia l o r oth er esta b lish m en t. Duties in v olv e a com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Sweeping, m opping or scru b b in g , and p olish in g flo o r s ; rem ovin g ch ip s, tra sh , and other re fu s e ; dusting equipm ent, fu rn itu re, o r fix tu r e s ; p olish in g m etal fix tu res o r trim m in g s; p rov id in g supplies and m in o r m aintenance s e r v ic e s ; and clean ing la v a to r ie s , sh ow e rs, and r e s t r o o m s . W o rk e rs who sp e c ia liz e in window w ashing a re exclu d ed . KIER BOILER O perates one o r m o r e k ie r s to b o il cloth (o r yarn) in ly e , a lk a li, o r oth er c h e m ica l solu tion as a p re lim in a ry blea ch in g op era tion to r e m o v e im p u ritie s such as fatty a c id s ,-w a x , or r e s in s . W ork in v olv es m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Sewing ends o f clo th togeth er by m eans o f a sew ing m achine to fo r m a continuous strip ; threading end o f strip through pot e y e s , o v e r p u lley s, and into open k ie r w h ere it is c o ile d ; attaching autom atic p la ite r to top o f k ie r ; (o r p lacing yarn in k ie r ); pumping alk ali solu tion fr o m stora ge tank into k ie r ; adjusting p ip elin e va lv es to c ircu la te solution through k ie r and h eater; rem ov in g clo th (o r yarn) fr o m k ie r after it has b o ile d fo r p r o p e r length o f tim e; and m ixing k ier solu tion by adding soda ash , r e s in , soap, and other in g red ien ts to agitator tank. L AB O R ER , M A TE R IA L HANDLING (L oa d er and u nloader; handler and sta ck e r; sh e lv e r; tru ck e r; stockm an o r stock h e lp e r; w areh ou sem an o r w a reh ou se h elp er) A w o rk e r em p lo y e d in a w a re h o u se , m anufacturing plant, s to r e , o r oth er e s ta b lis h m ent w hose duties in volve one o r m o re o f the fo llo w in g : L oading and unloading v a rio u s m a te ria ls and m e rch a n d ise on o r fr o m fre ig h t c a r s , tru ck s o r oth er tra n sp ortin g d e v ic e s ; unpacking, sh elving, o r p la cin g m a te ria ls or m e rch a n d ise in p r o p e r stora g e lo ca tio n ; and tran sp ortin g m a te r ia ls or m e rch a n d ise by handtruck, c a r or w h e e lb a rro w . L o n g sh o re m e n , who load and unload ships a re e x clu d e d . 43 MACHINIST, M A INTENANCE P ro d u ce s re p la ce m e n t p a rts and new parts in m aking r e p a ir s o f m etal p a rts of m ech a n ica l equipm ent o p era ted in an establish m en t. W ork in v olv es m o st o f the fo llo w in g ; Interpreting w ritten in stru ction s and s p e c ific a tio n s; planning and laying out o f w ork ; using a v a riety of m a c h in is t s handtools and p r e c is io n m ea su rin g in stru m en ts; setting up and o p e r a t ing standard m achine to o ls ; shaping o f m etal p a rts to c lo s e to le r a n c e s ; m aking standard shop com putations relatin g to d im en sion s o f w o rk , toolin g , fe e d s , and sp eeds o f m ach in ing; k n ow l edge o f the w ork ing p r o p e r tie s o f the com m on m e ta ls; se le ctin g standard m a te r ia ls , p a rts, and equipm ent r e q u ire d fo r his w ork ; and fitting and a sse m b lin g p a rts into m e ch a n ica l equ ip m ent. In g e n e ra l, the m a c h in is t s w ork n o rm a lly re q u ir e s a rounded training in m achine shop p r a c tic e , usually a cq u ire d through a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equivalent training and e x p e rie n c e . M ANGLE TENDER (C loth -fin ish in g -m a ch in e o p e ra to r; cloth p r e s s e r ; m angle ra n g e r; trojan ir o n e r ) O perates one o r m o r e types o f m an gles to sta rch and p r e s s clo th in p rep a ra tion fo r dyeing o r prin tin g, to m e r c e r iz e clo th , o r to give it a fin ish . W ork in v o lv e s; W ashing r o lle r s of m ach in e; co n tro llin g v a lv e s adm itting w a ter, sta rch , o r oth er fluid to trough of m an gle; threading clo th through an expander attachm ent w hich stre tch e s cloth to its fu ll width, and into r o lle r s (usually by sew ing clo th by sewing m ach in e to le a d e r cloth alread y threaded through m ach in e); and setting and adjusting p r e s s u r e o f r o lle r s to obtain re q u ire d fin ish . In addition, m ay a ls o tend other d e v ic e s attached to m a ch in e, such as tenter fra m e s o r dry ca n s. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE R ep a irs m a ch in ery o r m ech a n ica l equipm ent o f an esta b lish m en t. W ork in volves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Exam ining m a ch in es and m e ch a n ica l equipm ent to diagnose so u rce of trou b le; dism antling o r p a rtly dism antling m a ch in es and p e rfo rm in g re p a ir s that m ainly in volve the use o f handtools in scra p in g and fitting p a rts; re p la cin g b rok en or d e fe ctiv e parts with item s obtained fr o m stock ; o rd e rin g the p rod u ction o f a re p la ce m e n t p art by a m achine shop o r sending o f the m achine to a m achine shop fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p rep a rin g w ritten sp e cifica tio n s fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s or fo r the p rod u ction o f p a rts o r d e r e d fr o m m achine shop; and re a sse m b lin g m a ch in e s, and m aking a ll n e c e s s a r y adjustm ents fo r op era tion . In g e n e ra l, the w ork o f a m aintenance m ech a n ic r e q u ir e s rounded training and e x p e r ie n c e , u su ally a cq u ired through a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equivalent training and e x p e r ie n c e . E xclu ded fr o m this c la s s ific a tio n are w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y duties in volve setting up or adjusting m a ch in es. PR IN T E R , MACHINE (C loth p rin te r; p rin tin g -m a ch in e ten der, cloth ) O perates a printing m ach in e to prin t d esig n s o f one o r m o r e c o lo r s on cloth . W ork in v o lv e s: Setting up and p rep a rin g m achine fo r op era tion by alining and fitting the v a rio u s r o ll e r s , c o lo r b o x e s , and d o c to r s ; regulating speed of printing m ach in e; o b se rv in g clo th fo r im p e rfe ctio n s as it is p rin ted; m aking n e c e s s a r y adjustm ents to m aintain re q u ire d s p e c ifi ca tio n s; and tending p r e s s w hile in op era tion . D ir e c ts the b ack ten der and other m e m b e rs o f the p rin tin g -m a ch in e c r e w . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , p r in te r s , m achine, a re c la s s ifie d a c c o r d in g to the length o f the r o lle r s , as fo llo w s : Under 48 in ch es 48 in ch es and o v e r PR IN T E R , SCREEN, HAND P rin ts d esign s on fa b r ic s by fo r c in g c o lo r s through a silk s c r e e n w hich has been treated so that only c e rta in a r e a s w ill p e rm it ink to flow through. W ork in v o lv e s: P la cin g s c r e e n in p ositio n on clo th ; pou rin g quantity o f ink on s c r e e n , and p r e s s in g ink through the silk s cre e n by m eans o f a sq u eegee. 44 PRIN TING-M ACHIN E H E LPE R (Spare hand) A cts as a g en era l a llrou n d a ssista n t to p r in te r , doing heavy and d irty w o rk c o n n ected with cloth prin ting. In volves w o rk such a s : A ssistin g ba ck tender to set up r o lls of cloth and to take down c o lo r b o x e s and b ru sh es at night; rubbing e x c e s s c o lo r o ff bru sh es into p ro p e r pans, em ptying c o lo r s into tubs, and trucking pans and b ru sh es out to be w ashed; and washing flo o r around m ach in e. SAN FORIZER OPE RA TO R O perates s p e cia l type of shrinking m ach in e to p re sh rin k clo th . W ork in v o lv e s: P rep a rin g m ach in e fo r op era tion by regulating r o lle r and co n v e y o r speed s o f the v a rio u s m ach in e section s a cco rd in g to p re d e te rm in e d sh rin kability of cloth ; threading m achine by guiding end of bolt o f clo th o v e r and under s e v e ra l r o lle r s , gu ides, and other m ech a n ism s w h ich feed and draw the cloth through the m ach in e along the dam pening, d ryin g, and s tre tch ing elem en ts; starting m achine and standing by w hile cloth is a u tom a tica lly fe d and drawn through; changing m achine speeds and straightening tangled clo th ; and d eterm in in g shrinkage o f clo th by w ashing, dryin g, and iron in g cloth and noting amount o f shrinkage w hich has taken p la ce . T E N T E R -F R A M E TENDER Tends the op era tion o f tentering m achine that d r ie s clo th , stre tch e s it to orig in a l width and p u lls the threads straight, after any o f the s e v e ra l p r o c e s s e s such as dyeing, starch in g, fin ish in g, or prin ting. W ork in v olv es m o st o f the fo llo w in g : A djusting by s c r e w s , p osition o f pins o r c lip s to determ in e width o f cloth ; regulating p a ssa g e o f steam through drying p ip e s, o r the tem pera tu re in hot a ir drying ch a m b er, or adjusting the height o f the gas fla m e s on the m ach in e; setting r o ll o f cloth on unwinding spindle; threading end o f cloth through ten sion r o lle r s and o v e r en d less band o f c lip s o r pin s; attaching edge of cloth to c lip s o r pin s; rem ov in g clo th fr o m takeoff end o f m ach in e; and sew ing end o f clo th o f p r e ced in g r o ll to end o f new r o ll by m eans o f a sew ing m ach in e. WASHER TENDER O perates a m achine to w ash clo th (o r yarn) p re p a ra to ry to blea ch in g o r to treat it after v a riou s p r o c e s s e s . Duties in v o lv e : T hreading clo th , ends o f w hich a re sew ed together to fo r m a continuous strand, through the m achine with the bulk o f the clo th re stin g on bottom o f m achine (or p la cin g yarn in m a ch in e); fillin g m achine with w ater and adding n e c e s s a r y clea n sin g m a te ria ls ; ob se rv in g clo th to see that it runs p r o p e r ly through the v a rio u s guides and r o lle r s ; rem ov in g cloth (o r yarn ) a fter it has b een w ashed and rin se d ; and oilin g and c le a n ing the m ach in e. In addition, m ay p la ce cloth (o r yarn) in e x tra cto r to re m o v e e x c e s s w a ter. WINDER, CLOTH O perates a m achine to wind lengths o f fin ish ed cloth in ’ 'b o lt" o r "tu b e " fo r m . Duties in v olv e: Mounting r o ll o f clo th in m ach in e and threading clo th in m ach in e; starting cloth on winding fra m e and setting yard age in d ica to r; ob se rv in g clo th fo r im p e r fe c tio n s during winding operation ; cutting o r tearin g clo th apart when r e q u ire d yard age has been wound, and rem ov in g com p lete "b o lt" o r "tu b e ” fr o m m ach in e; and indicating yard age on tag or s tick e r and attaching it to “ b o lt” o r "tube. " WINDER, YARN (W inder; r e e le r ; q u ille r ; s p o o le r ; tuber) Tends the op era tion o f one o r m o r e o f the v a rio u s types o f m a ch in es u sed to wind yarn fr o m one fo r m to another fo r shipm ent o r to fa cilita te handling in la te r p r o c e s s in g . W ork in v o lv e s: P la cin g sk ein s, b o b b in s, o r co n e s o f yarn on r e e ls o r spin dles o f m a ch in e; threading yarn through the v a rio u s gu ides; p ie cin g up brok en ends by tw isting o r tying the two ends togeth er; and rem ov in g fu ll winding b ob b in s, c o n e s , tu bes, o r q u ills and rep la cin g them with em pty on es. IN D U S T R Y WAGE S T U D IE S The following reports cover part of the Bureau’ s program of industry wage surveys. These reports cover the period 1950 to date and may be obtained free upon request as long as a supply is available. However, those for which a price is shown are available only from the Superintendent o f Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25> D.C., or any of its regional sales offices. I. Occupational Wage Studies Manufacturing Paper and Allied Products: Apparel: Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard, 1952 - Series 2, No. $>1 Men’ s Dress Shirts and Nightwear, 1950 — Series 2, No. 80 Men’ s and Boys* Dress Shirts and Nightwear, 1954 — BLS Report No. 74 ❖ Men’ s and Boys’ Shirts (except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1956 - BLS Report No. 116 Men’ s and Boys* Suits and Coats, 1958 — BLS Report No. 140 Women’ s and M isses’ Coats and Suits, 1957 — BLS Report No. 122 Women’ s and M isses’ Dresses, I960 — BLS Report No. 193 Work Clothing, 1953 - BLS Report No. 51 ❖ Work Shirts, 1955 and 1956 - 3LS Report No. 115 ❖ Work Shirts, 1957 - BLS Report No. 124 Primary Metals, Fabricated Metal Products and Machinery: Basic Iron and Steel, 1951 — Series 2, No. 81 Fabricated Structural Steel, 1957 — BLS Report No. 123 Gray Iron Foundries, 1959 — BLS Report No. 151 Nonferrous Foundries, 1951 — Series 2, No. 82 Nonferrous Foundries, I960 — BLS Report No. 180 Machinery Industries, 1953-54 — BLS Bull. No. 1160 (40 cents) Machinery Industries, 1954-55 — BLS Report No. 93 Machinery Manufacturing, 1955-56 — BLS Report No. 107 Machinery Manufacturing, 1957-58 — BLS Report No. 139 Machinery Manufacturing, 1958-59 — BLS Report No. 147 Machinery Manufacturing, 1959-60 — BLS Report No. 170 Radio, Television, and Related Products, 1951 — Series 2, No. 84 Steel Foundries, 1951 — Series 2, No. 85 Chemicals and Petroleum: Fertilizer, 1949-50 — Series 2, No. 77 ❖ Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. I l l ❖ Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1957 - BLS Report No. 132 Industrial Chemicals, 1951 — Series 2, No. 87 Industrial Chemicals, 1955 - BLS Report No. 103 Petroleum Production and Refining, 1951 — Series 2, No. 83 Petroleum Refining, 1959 — BLS Report No. 158 Synthetic Fibers, 1958 — BLS Report No. 143 , Food: Candy and Other Confectionery Products, I960 — BLS Report No. 195 ❖ Canning and Freezing, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 117 ❖ Canning and Freezing, 1957 — BLS Report No. 136 Distilled Liquors, 1952 — Series 2, No. 88 Fluid Milk Industry, I960 — BLS Report No. 174 *R aw Sugar, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 117 ❖ Raw Sugar, 1957 - BLS Report No. 136 Leather: Footwear, 1953 - BLS Report No. 46 ❖ Footwear, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report No. 115 Footwear, 1957 - BLS Report No. 133 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1954 — BLS Report No. 80 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1959 — BLS Report No. 150 ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ 1 .umber and Furniture: Household Furniture, 1954 — BLS Report No. 76 Lumber in the South, 1949 and 1950 — Series 2, No. 76 Southern Lumber Industry, 1953 - BLS Report No. 45 Southern Sawmills, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report No. 113 Southern Sawmills, 1957 — BLS Report No. 130 West Coast Sawmilling, 1952 - BLS Report No. 7 West Coast Sawmilling, 1959 - BLS Report No. 156 Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1959 BLS Report No. 152 Wooden Containers, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 115 Wooden Containers, 1957 — BLS Report No. 126 ❖ Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. Rubber and P lastics Products: Miscellaneous P lastics Products, I960 — BLS Report No. 168 Stone, Clay, and Glass: Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, I960 — BLS Report No. 177 Structural Clay Products, 1954 — BLS Report No. 77 Structural Clay Products, I960 — BLS Report No. 172 ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ T extiles: Cotton Textiles, 1954 — BLS Report No. 82 Cotton Textiles, I960 — BLS Report No. 184 Cotton and Synthetic Textiles, 1952 — Series 2, No. 89 Hosiery, 1952 - BLS Report No. 34 Miscellaneous Textiles, 1953 — BLS Report No. 5 6 Processed Waste, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 115 Processed Waste, 1957 — BLS Report No. 124 Seamless Hosiery, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 112 Seamless Hosiery, 1957 — BLS Report No. 129 Synthetic Textiles, 1954 — BLS Report No. 87 Synthetic Textiles, I960 — BLS Report No. 192 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1 9 5 6 — BLS Report No. 110 Woolen and Worsted Textiles, 1952 - Series 2, No. 90 Wool Textiles, 1957 - BLS Report No. 134 Tobacco: Cigar Manufacturing, 1955 — BLS Report No. 97 * Cigar Manufacturing, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 117 Cigarette Manufacturing, I960 — BLS Report No. 167 * Tobacco Stemming and Redrying, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 117 * Tobacco Stemming and Redrying, 1957 — BLS Report No. 136 Transportation: Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1950 — BLS Bull. No. 1015 (20 cents) Motor V ehicles and Motor Vehicle Parts, 1957 — BLS Report No. 128 Railroad Cars, 1952 — Series 2, No. 86 I. Occupational Wage Studies— Continued Nonmanufacturing Electric and Gas Utilities, 1950 — Series 2, No. 79 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1952 — BLS Report No. 12 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1957 — BLS Report No. 135 Hotels, I960 - BLS Report No. 173 Power Laundries and Dry Cleaners, I960 — BLS Report No. 178 Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1958 - BLS Report No. 141 Banking Industry, I960 — BLS Report No. 179 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production I960 — BLS Report No. 181 Department and Women’ s Ready-to-Wear Stores, 1950 — Series 2, No. 78 II. Other Industry Wage Studies Communications Workers, Earnings in October 1956 - BLSReport No.121 Communications Workers, Earnings in October 1957 —BLSReport No.138 Communications Workers, Earnings in October 1958 - BLS Report No. 149 Communications Workers, Earnings in October 1959 — BLS Report No. 171 Factory Workers’ Earnings - Distributions by Straight-Time Hourly Earnings, 1954 - BLS Bull. No. 1179 (25 cents) Factory Workers’ Earnings — 5 Industry Groups, 1956 — BLS Report No. 118 Factory Workers’ Earnings - Distribution by Straight-Time Hourly Earnings, 1958 - BLS Bull. No. 1252 (40 cents) Factory Workers’ Earnings — Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1959 — BLS Bull. No. 1275 (35 cents) Wages in Nonmetropolitan Areas, South and North Central Regions, October I960 — BLS Report No. 190 Retail Trade, Employee Earnings in October 1956: Initial Report - BLS Report No. 119 (30 cents) Building Materials and Farm Equipment Dealers — BLS Bull. No. 1220-1 (20 cents) General Merchandise Stores - BLS Bull. No. 1220-2 (35 cents) Food Stores - BLS Bull. No. 1220-3 (30 cents) Automotive Dealers and Gasoline Service Stations - BLS Bull. No. 1220-4 (35 cents) Apparel and A ccessories Stores — BLS Bull. No. 1220-5 (45 cents) Furniture, Home Furnishings, and Appliance Stores - BLS Bull. No. 1220-6 (35 cents) Drug Stores and Proprietary Stores — BLS Bull. No. 1220-7 (15 cents) Summary Report - BLS Bull. No. 1220 (55 cents) Regional Offices U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 18 Oliver Street Boston 10, Mass. U.S. Department o f Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 1371 Peachtree Street, NE. Atlanta 9, Ga. U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 341 Ninth Avenue New York 1, N.Y. U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 105 West Adams Street Chicago 3> HI* U.S. Department o f Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 630 San some Street San Francisco 11, Calif. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1961 O - 620497
@FedFRASER