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Industry Wage Survey: Structural Clay Products September 1975 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 1977 Bulletin 1942 Industry Wage Survey: Structural Clay Products September 1975 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Julius Shiskin, Commissioner 1977 Bulletin 1942 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D .C . 20402 - Price $2.20 Stock No. 029-001-02004-0 Preface This bulletin summarizes the results o f a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey o f wages and supplementary benefits in the structural clay products manufacturing industries in September 1975. A similar study was conducted in September 1969. Separate State releases were issued earlier for selected industry branches as follows: Brick and structural clay tile—Georgia, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas; ceramic wall and floor tile—California; clay refractories-Missouri, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; and clay sewer pipe—Ohio. Copies o f these releases are available from the Bureau o f Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212, or any of its regional offices. This study was conducted in the Bureau’s office of Wages and Industrial Relations. Carl Barsky o f the Division o f Occupational Wage Structures prepared the analysis in this bulletin. Field work for the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional Commis sioners for Operations. Other reports available from the Bureau’s program of industry wage studies as well as the addresses of the Bureau’s regional offices are listed at the end o f this bulletin. Material in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission o f the Federal Government. Please credit the Bureau of Labor Statistics and cite the name and number of the publication. iii Contents Page Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................................ Industry ch aracteristics..................................................................................................................................................................... Products ........................................................................................................................................................................................ Processes ........................................................................................................................................................................................ L o c a tio n .......................................................................................................................................................................................... Establishment size ........................................................................................................................................................................ Unionization ......................................................................................................................... Method of wage paym ent .......................................................................................................................................................... Average hourly earnings ................................................................................................................................................................... Occupational earnings ..................................................................................................................................................................... Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions..................................................................................................... Scheduled weekly hours ............................................................................................................................................................ Shift provisions and p ra c tic e s ..................................................................................................................................................... Paid holidays ................................................................................................................................................................................. Paid vacations .............................................................................................................................................................................. Health, insurance, and retirem ent plans .................................................................................................................................. Other selected benefits .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 Text tables: 1. Distribution, of structural clay products establishments by industry branch ......................................................... 2. Percent of workers covered by labor-management contracts by industry branch and re g io n ............................... 2 3 Reference tables: Average hourly earnings: 1. By selected characteristics ................................................................................................................................... 6 Earnings distribution: 2. Structural clay p ro d u c ts ....................................................................................................................................... . 3. Brick and structural clay tile ................................................................................................................................. 4. Ceramic wall and floor t i l e ..................................................................................................................................... 5. Clay refractories ..................................................................................................................................................... 6. Clay sewer pipe ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 8 9 10 10 Occupational averages: 7. Structural clay products ........................................................................................................................................ 8. Brick and structural clay tile ................................................................................................................................. 9. Ceramic wall and floor t i l e ..................................................................................................................................... 10. Clay refractories ..................................................................................................................................................... 11. Clay sewer pipe ......................................................................................................................................................... 12. By labor-management contract coverage and size of c o m m u n ity ................................................................... 13. By labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment .............................................................. 14. By m ethod of wage paym ent .............................................................................................................................. 11 13 14 15 16 17 20 23 v Contents—Continued Page Occupational earnings: 15. Brick and structural clay tile—G e o rg ia ................................................................................................................. 16. Brick and structural clay tile—North Carolina ................................................................................................... 17. Brick and structural clay tile—O h i o .................. 18. Brick and structural clay tile—P ennsylvania........................................................................................................ 19. Brick and structural clay tile—Texas ................................................................................................................... 20. Ceramic wall and floor tile—C alifo rn ia................................................................................................................. 21. Clay refractories—Missouri .................................................................................................................................... 22. Clay refractories—Ohio ........................................................................................................................................... 23. Clay refractories—Pennsylvania ............................................................................................................................. 24. Clay sewer pipe—O h i o ............................................................................................................................................. 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 M ethod of wage paym ent: 25. Structural clay products ........................................................................................................................................ 26. Selected structural clay p ro d u c ts .......................................................................................................................... 34 35 Scheduled weekly hours: 27. Structural clay products ........................................................................................................................................ 28. Selected structural clay p r o d u c ts .......................................................................................................................... 36 37 Shift differential provisions: 29. Structural clay products ........................................................................................................................................ 30. Selected structural clay p r o d u c ts ....................................................... 38 39 Shift differential practices: 31. Structural clay products ........................................................................................................................................ 32. Selected structural clay products ........................................................................................................................ 41 42 Paid holidays: 33. Structural clay products ........................................................................................................................................ 34. Selected structural clay p ro d u c ts .......................................................................................................................... 44 45 Paid vacations: 35. Structural clay products ........................................................................................................................................ 36. Selected structural clay p r o d u c ts .......................................................................................................................... 46 48 Health, insurance, and retirem ent plans: 37. Structural clay products ........................................................................................................................................ 38. Selected structural clay p r o d u c ts .......................................................................................................................... 51 52 Other selected benefits: 39. 40. Structural clay products ........................................................................................................................................ Selected structural clay p ro d u c ts .......................................................................................................................... 53 54 Appendixes: A. Regression analysis ............................................................................................................................................................. B. Scope and m ethod of study ............................................................................................................................................. C. Occupational d esc rip tio n s......................................... 55 58 62 VI Structural Clay Products, September 1975 Summary T he number o f production workers in September 1975 was 24 percent b elow the figure recorded for a similar survey conducted in September 1969.4 Since April-June 1960, em ploym ent in these industries has fallen 43 percent; how ever, the relative distribution o f workers am ong industry branches has changed only slightly since then. Straight-time earnings in the structural clay products industries averaged $3.79 an hour in September 1975. A ll but 3 percent o f the 33,000 workers covered by the survey1 earned betw een $2.10 and $6 an hour; the middle 50 percent earned betw een $3.04 and $4.44. A m ong the four industry branches for w hich sepa rate data w ere tabulated, hourly averages w ere $3.35 in brick and structural clay tile establishments, $3.41 for ceram ic w all and floor tile, $4.06 for clay sew er pipe and $4.78 for clay refractories. Earnings variations w ere also found by region,2 com m unity and establishment size, labor-management contract c o v e rage, occupation, sex, and m ethod o f w age payment. A m ong the 33 occupations selected to represent the industries’ activities and w age structure, earnings rang ed from $3.10 for janitors to $5.19 for maintenance machinists.3 Forklift pow er truckers, numerically the most important job studied, averaged $3.71. Nearly all workers w ere in establishments providing paid holidays, paid vacations, and at least part o f the cost o f life, hospitalization, and surgical insurance. Other health insurance plans and retirement pensions also w ere widespread in the industry. W orkers typical ly received betw een 6 and 9 paid holidays and, depending on length o f service, betw een 1 and 4 weeks o f vacation, annually. Processes. W hile structural clay products vary in com position and use, the basic manufacturing processes are com m on to all products. M ining or “w inning”is done at virtually all clay products establishments. P ow er equipment is almost always used to mine clay. Once clay is mined, it is crushed to break up large chunks and rem ove stones; material is then ground, mixed, and often screened. Forming begins w ith “tempering” i.e., producing a hom ogeneous, plastic mass, most com m only by adding water to the clay in a pugmill— a mixing chamber. There are three principal processes for forming clay products: (1) In the stiff-m ud process, clay is mixed with only enough water to produce plasticity; the clay is 1 See appendix B for scope and method of survey. Earnings data in this report exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays and late shifts. Average earnings were calculated by summing individual hourly earnings and dividing by the number of individuals. They differ in concept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau’s monthly employment and earnings series ($4.07 for all structural clay products in September 1975). In the monthly series, the sum of the employee-hour totals reported by establishments in the industry was divided into the reported payroll totals. Estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the survey are intended only as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force covered by this survey. They differ from those published in the monthly series (48,800 in September 1975) by the exclusion of establishments employing fewer than 20 workers. Also, the advance planning necessary to make the survey required the use of lists of establishments assembled considerably in advance of data collection. Thus, establishments new to the industries are omitted, as are establishments originally classified in these industries but found to be in others at the time of the survey. Also omitted are clay products plants classified incorrectly in other industries at the time the lists were compiled. 2 For definition of the regions used in this report see appendix table B-l, footnote 1. 3 See appendix C for occupational descriptions. Industry characteristics Products. T he survey included establishments em ploy ing 20 workers or more and engaged primarily in manufacturing structural clay products. Establishments w hose major products w ere brick and structural clay tile em ployed just under one-half o f the 32,954 pro duction and related workers within the scope o f the survey; plants making clay refractories, such as fire brick and other heat resistant products, about onefourth o f the workers; ceram ic w all and floor tile plants, about one-sixth; and those making clay sew er pipe, one-eighth. T he remaining workers— about 1 percent— w ere in plants manufacturing other clay pro ducts such as roofing and sew er tile. 4 See I n d u s tr y Wage S u r v e y : S tr u c tu r a l C la y P r o d u c ts , S e p te m b e r 1 9 6 9 , BLS Bulletin 1697 (1971). 1 fo rced th ro u g h a die and c u t to length. A ll stru ctu ral clay tile and m ost clay sew er pipe and b rick are form ed this w ay. (2) T h e so ft-m u d process is used in the p ro d u c tio n o f som e brick, clay refracto ries and sew er pipe. It consists o f m ixing clay w ith 20 to 30 percen t w a te r and form ing th e units in m olds, eith er by h and o r m achine. (3) T h e dry-press process form s th e units in steel m olds u n d er pressure. T his m eth o d is pred o m inant in th e ceram ic w all and flo o r tile and clay refractories industries. W e t clay units com ing from th e m olding o r cu ttin g m achines are p laced in d ry e rs to ev ap o rate m ost o f th e w ater. Glazing is an im p o rtan t o p eratio n in th e p ro d u ctio n o f facing tile, te rra co tta, and som e brick. H igh-fired glazes are applied to units eith er b efo re o r after drying an d th e n kiln bu rn ed . L o w -fired glazes are applied after th e unit has been b u rn ed and cooled; th en th ey are refired at rela tiv e ly lo w tem peratures. B urning is th e final stage for m ost p ro d u cts. T w o types o f kilns are w idely used today: (1) In periodic kilns, d ried units are set in a m anner th a t perm its free circu latio n o f h o t kiln gases. (2) In tunnel (continuous) kilns, units are sim ilarly lo ad ed on cars w h ich travel th ro u g h th e kiln at prescrib ed speeds, p erm ittin g co n ti nuous use o f th e kiln. A th ird ty p e — th e scove kiln —is alm ost nonexistent today. S co v e kilns are form ed by th e unit b urned; th u s a n ew kiln is co n stru c te d for each burnin g . T u n n el kilns are th e p red o m in an t ty p e in each o f th e fo u r in d u stry branches. D raw ing is th e p rocess o f unloading th e kiln after cooling. U nits are sorted, g ra d ed and pack ag ed and tak en to a sto rag e y ard o r lo ad ed fo r delivery. E stablishm ents lo cated in m etro p o litan areas5 em plo y ed ju s t o v e r on e-h alf o f th e w orkers. R egionally, p ro p o rtio n s o f w o rk ers in m etro p o litan areas ran g ed from th ree-ten th s in th e M iddle W est to all w o rk ers in th e P acific States. A m o n g in dustry branches, th e p ro p o rtio n s in larg e r areas w ere five-eighths in ceram ic w all and floor tile, slightly m ore th an o ne-half in clay refractories, and ab o u t one-half in th e o th e r tw o branches. E stablishm ent size. C lay m anufacturing plants are re la tively sm all operations. T h e largest establishm ent w ith in th e scope o f th e survey em ployed few er th an 1,200 w o rk ers in S eptem ber 1975. T h ree-fo u rth s o f the 475 establishm ents w ithin th e scope o f th e survey em ployed few er th an 100 w orkers; these sm all plants em ployed 46 p ercen t o f th e p ro d u c tio n w o rk force. By ind u stry b ran ch , th e p ro p o rtio n o f w o rk ers in sm aller plants 20 to 99 w o rk ers) am ounted to 63 p ercen t in b rick and stru ctu ra l clay tile, 21 p ercen t in ceram ic w all and floor tile, 38 p ercen t in clay refractories, and 29 p ercen t in clay sew er pipe. T ex t table 1 show s th e num ber o f establishm ents in each size class by ind u stry branch. Text table 1. Distribution of structural clay products establishments by industry branch Size of establishment All establishments . . . 20-99 workers. . . . 100-249 workers . 250-499 worker* . 500-999 workers. . 1,000 workers or m o r e ................. Location. S tru ctu ral clay p ro d u c ts are m an u factured th ro u g h o u t m ost p arts o f th e co u n try . T h e availability o f ra w m aterials and th e desire to lo cate n ear m ajor consum ers are im p o rtan t d eterm in an ts in location. M ost stru c tu ra l clay p ro d u c ts are used by industrial consu m ers at locations req u irin g m inim um tran sp o rtatio n costs from th e m an u factu rin g site. T h e S outheast, acco u n tin g for 23 p ercen t o f the in d u stry ’s w o rk ers, w as th e reg io n o f g reatest industry co n c en tratio n in S ep tem b er 1975. T h e G re a t Lakes ac co u n ted fo r 20 p e rcen t o f th e to tal w o rk force; the M idd le A tlan tic, S outhw est, and M iddle W est States each em ployed b etw een 11 and 14 p ercen t. T h e B o rd er S tates and P acific regions em ployed 7 and 8 p e rcen t o f th e w o rk ers, respectively. T h e p ro p o rtio n o f w o rk e rs in th e fo u r industry b ran ch es v aried b y region. F o r exam ple, th e S outheast ac co u n ted fo r o n e-th ird o f th e b rick and clay tile w ork ers, b u t fo r o nly b etw een one-fifth and one-sixth o f th e w o rk e rs in each o f th e o th e r th re e branches. T h e M idd le W est, w h ic h em ployed only o n e-ten th o f the o v erall w o rk force, m ade up th ree-ten th s o f th e clay re fra c to ry w o rk ers. Brick and Ceramic structural wall and clay tile floor tile 278 233 42 3 - 45 24 14 6 1 - - Clay refractories Clay sewer pipe 89 65 17 4 2 55 32 21 2 - 1 - Unionization. E stablishm ents w ith a m ajo rity o f p ro d u ctio n w o rk ers co v e red by labor-m anagem ent ag ree m ents em ployed n early u n d er seven-tenths o f th e w o rkers. T h e p ercen tag e o f w o rk ers in such plants v aried w idely by reg io n and in dustry branch, as show n in text table 2. T h e U nited B rick and C lay W o rk ers o f A m erica (A F L -C IO ) w as th e largest union in th e industries. O th e r im p o rtan t unions included th e U nited G lass and C eram ic W o rk ers o f N o rth A m erica, and th e U nited S teelw o rk ers o f A m erica (both A F L -C IO ). M ethod o f wage paym ent. T h ree-fo u rth s o f th e w o r kers w ere paid on a tim e basis, typ ically u n d er form al plans p ro v id in g single rates for specified o ccupations 5 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through February 1974. 2 Text table 2. Percent of workers under labor-management contracts by industry branch and region Region United States........................................................................ Middle A t la n t ic ..................................: ....................... Border S ta te s ................................................................. Southeast ........................................................................ Southwest ..................................................................... Great L a k e s ................................................................... Middle W e s t................................................................... Pacific ............................................................................ NO TE: Brick and structural clay tile All establishments 65-69 90-94 70-74 50-54 35-39 75-79 95+ 70-74 55-59 90-94 60-64 45-49 30-34 70-74 Ceramic wall and floor tile 55-59 . . - 25-29 65-69 - - - Clay refractories 90-94 95+ Clay sewer pipe 70-74 _ . . _ . . 85-89 95+ - 70-74 . - D a s h e s in d ic a te n o d a ta r e p o r te d o r d a ta t h a t d o n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r ite r ia . (table 25). In c en tiv e w o rk ers, usually paid on a p iece w o rk basis, w e re m ost co m m o n in th e M iddle A tlan tic S tates (tw o-fifths o f th e w orkers). A m o n g in dustry branch es, in cen tiv e p ay w as m ost com m on am ong ceram ic w all and flo o r tile plants (table 26). N u m erically im p o rtan t jo b s fo r w h ich a substantial p erce n ta g e o f w o rk e rs w e re paid on an incentive basis includ ed die pressers, kiln setters and d raw ers, off b earers, tu n n el kiln placers and unloaders, and sorters. refractories, $4.30 for sew er pipe, $3.83 for b rick and tile, and $3.51 for ceram ic w all and floor tile. E arn in g s w ere h ig h er nationw ide in m etro p o litan areas th an in no n m etro p o litan areas ($3.83 co m p ared w ith $3.73). In th e M iddle A tlan tic and B o rd er States, h o w ev er, sm aller com m unities had h ig h er averages by 10 and 23 cents, respectively. T h e n ationw ide p attern h eld for th e S outheast, S outhw est, and G re a t L akes States. L a rg e r differentials w ere associated w ith tw o o th er w ag e determ in an ts— establishm ent size and unioniz ation. P lants o f 100 w o rk ers o r m ore averaged 38 cents an h o u r m ore th an sm aller establishm ents. R egional differences ran g ed from 10 cents an h o u r in th e G re a t L akes to 98 cents in th e B o rd er States. P lants w ith a m ajo rity o f w o rk ers c o v e red by union c o n tra c t av e ra ged $4.07 an h o u r, co m p ared w ith $3.20 for nonunion plants. U nion-nonunion differentials am ong th e th ree regions perm ittin g com parisons w ere 19 cents an h o u r in th e S outheast, 35 cents in th e S outhw est, and 17 cents in th e G re a t Lakes. T h e basic survey tabulations did riot attem p t to isolate w age-influencing variables, such as unionization and location, to determ ine th eir in dependent im pact on earnings. A ppendix A , h o w ev er, presents a b rie f te c h nical no te on th e results o f a m ultiple regression in w h ich th e effects o f individual variables w ere isolated to a considerable degree. In several cases, th e av erag e earnings differentials p ro d u c ed by cross-tabulation (sim ple regression)— as hig h lig h ted in this section o f th e re p o rt— differed considerably from those d eriv ed by m ultiple, regression. F o r exam ple, p ro d u c tio n w o r kers in union establishm ents av erag ed 87 cents an h o u r m ore th an th eir nonunion co u n terp arts, b u t ap p aren tly only one-fifth o f this differential (18 cents) is a ttrib u t able solely to union status. (A ppendix tables A -l and A - Average hourly earnings S traig h t-tim e earnings o f th e 32,954 p ro d u c tio n w o r kers av e rag e d $3.79 an h o u r in S ep tem b er 1975 (table 1) o r 47 p e rc e n t ab o v e th e level in S ep tem b er 1969.6 R egionally, increases ran g ed from 41 p ercen t in th e G re a t L akes to 61 p e rc e n t in th e M iddle W est. M en av e rag e d $3.84 in S ep tem b er 1975, co m p ared w ith $3.12 fo r w om en. T h e 2,447 w o m en w ere usually em plo y ed in rela tiv e ly lo w -p ay in g jobs, such as glazing-m achine feeders, spray-m achine o p erators, fi nishers, o ff bearers, and tile sorters. A m o n g th e regions w h ich w e re studied separately, h o u rly av erag es ran g ed from $2.87 in th e S o u th w est to $4.35 in th e M iddle A tlan tic States. T h e S outheast, th e reg io n w h e re th e larg est n u m b er o f w o rk e rs w ere em ployed, av e rag e d $3.19. R egional av erag es w ere significantly c o rre la te d w ith in d u stry b ran ch . F o r ex am ple, th e S o u th east and S o u th w est th e tw o low est payin g regions, ac co u n ted fo r slightly o v e r o n e-half of th e b rick and clay tile w o rk ers, b u t for o nly o n e-tenth o f th e w o rk e rs in clay refracto ries plants. N atio n w id e, p ay levels am ong th e ind u stry b ranches w e re $4.78 fo r clay refracto ries, $4.06 for clay sew er pipe, $3.41 fo r ceram ic w all and flo o r tile, and $3.35 for b rick and stru ctu ra l clay tile. In th e G re a t Lakes, the o n ly reg io n p erm ittin g com p ariso n am ong all four segm ents, averages fo r th e b ran ch es w e re $4.43 for 2.) 6 Op. city BLS Bulletin 1697. 3 E arn in g s o f n early all w o rk e rs w ere w ith in a range o f $2.10 (the F e d e ra l m inim um w ag e at th e tim e o f the surv ey ) to $6 an hour; th e m iddle 50 p e rc e n t fell b etw e en $3.04 and $4.44 (table 7). R egional and indus try b ra n ch differentials co n trib u ted h eav ily to this relativ e ly w id e d istrib u tio n o f earnings. T ables 3 th ro u g h 6 p resen t earnings distributions fo r th e selected in d u stry branches. reg io n and in d u stry b ra n ch w ere h ighly significant factors, especially fo r relativ ely low -paying jobs. T ables 12 and 13 p resen t o ccupational averages for all stru ctu ral clay p ro d u c ts establishm ents by size o f com m unity and size o f establishm ent, cross tab u lated by labor-m anagem ent c o n tra c t status. In alm ost all cases, earnings w e re h ig h er in union th an in n o n union plants, even w h en lim ited to th e sam e area o r plan t size categ o ry . A v erag es in larg e establishm ents w e re ty p i cally h ig h er th an those for plants o f few er th an 100 w o rk ers, b u t no consistent p attern em erged by co m m u nity size. In centive-paid w o rk e rs n early alw ays av erag ed m ore th an th eir tim e ra te d co u n terp arts in th e sam e jo b and reg io n (table 14). T ables 15-24 p resen t earnings inform ation for the in d u stry b ran ch es in seven selected States. D a ta w ere tab u lated for O hio in th ree ind u stry branches, for P ennsylvania in tw o b ranches, and fo r th e o th e r five S tates in one b ra n ch each. O ccu p atio n al pay relatio n ships v aried w idely w ithin th e sam e State. In O hio, for exam ple, m aintenance m echanics in clay refracto ries av erag ed 33 p ercen t m o re th an th eir b rick and clay tile co u n terp arts; th e co rresp o n d in g differential for kiln setters and d raw ers, h o w e v er, w as only 5 p ercent. Occupational earnings T h irty -th re e o ccu p atio n al classifications, ac co u n tin g fo r three-fifths o f th e p ro d u c tio n w o rk force, w ere selected to re p resen t earnings levels fo r th e various p ro d u c tio n activities in th e industries. N atio n w id e averag es am ong these jo b s ran g ed from $3.10 for ja n ito rs to $5.19 fo r m ain ten an ce m achinists (table 7). F o rk lift p o w e r tru c k o p erato rs, nu m erically th e largest jo b studied (6 p e rc e n t o f th e w o rk force), av erag ed $3.71. M ain ten an ce w o rk e rs g en erally h ad th e hig h est su r v ey earnings, w ith av erag es ran g in g from $3.94 for gen eral m ain ten an ce w o rk e rs to $5.19 for m achinists. In th e b u rn in g d ep a rtm en t, w h e re n early one-fifth o f th e 32,954 p ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs w e re em ployed, av e r ages w e re w ith in 25 cen ts o f th e $3.79 level for all w o rk e rs, except for kiln setters and d ra w ers ($4.37). F inish in g jo b s g en erally h ad th e lo w est su rv ey a v e r ages. M en ’s and w o m en ’s av erag es co u ld be co m p ared o n ly in a few jobs. W hen these com parisons w ere done w ith in a region, m en co m m o n ly av erag ed ab o u t 10 p e rc e n t m o re th an w om en. R egionally, o ccu p atio n al av erag es w e re usually h ighest in th e M iddle W est and P acific S tates and lo w est in th e S o u th east and S o u th w est. T h e spread b etw e en th e h ig h est and lo w est paying reg io n ty p ically fell b etw e en 50 and 70 p ercen t. O ccu p atio n al av erag es are p resen ted fo r each o f th e fo u r in d u stry b ranch es studied in tables 8-11. N a t ionw ide, av erag es w e re ty p ically highest in clay re fra c to ry plants and lo w est in plants m aking b rick and stru ctu ra l clay tile. In th e G re a t L akes States, th e only reg io n allo w in g a com p ariso n am ong all four branches, clay re frac to ries also gen erally to p p ed th e pay scale. C eram ic w all and flo o r tile plants usually h ad th e lo w est av erag es in this region. N o d irec t co m parison am on g all b ran ch es co u ld be m ade in th e S outheast, w h ich m ade up ab o u t o n e-th ird o f th e b rick and clay w o rk ers, o r in th e M iddle W est, w h e re th ree-ten th s o f th e clay re fra c to ry w o rk e rs w e re located. T h e in terrelatio n sh ip o f in d u stry b ra n ch and regional facto rs obscures th e in d ep en d en t effects o f th ese d e te r m inants on w ages. T h e regression analysis, h o w ev er, isolated th ese and o th e r variables to b e tte r m easure th e ir in d ep en d e n t effects. T ab le A -l indicates th at b o th Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions F o r p ro d u c tio n w orkers, d ata w ere obtained on certain establishm ent practices, including w o rk sch e dules and shift provisions and p ractices, and on selected su pplem entary w age benefits, including paid holidays, paid vacations, and h ealth, insurance, and retirem en t plans. w e e k ly hours. S even-eighths o f th e p ro d u ctio n w o rk ers w ere scheduled to w o rk 40 h o u rs p er w eek in S eptem ber 1975 (table 27). L o n g er schedules, m ost com m only 44 o r 45 hours, w ere found in m ost o f th e regions studied separately, especially in th e S o u th w est. W o rk w eek s lo n g er th an 40 hou rs w ere m ost com m on in th e b rick and clay tile and ceram ic w all and flo o r tile b ran ch es (table 28). S c h e d u le d A b o u t 93 p ercen t o f th e w o rk e rs w e re em ployed by establishm ents w ith second-shift provisions; a slightly sm aller p ro p o rtio n w e re in plants w ith provisions for th ird o r o th e r late shifts (table 29). A m ajo rity o f w o rk ers in b o th types o f shifts w e re eligible for pay prem ium s; these w ere alm ost alw ays ce n ts-p er-h o u r adjustm ents to d ay rates. T h e m ost com m on differentials w ere 5, 10, and 15 cents fo r second shifts and 10, 15, and 20 cents for th ird o r S h if t p ro visio ns a n d p ra c tic e s . 4 th an nine-tenths; and p ro tec tio n against loss o f incom e d u e to illness o r an accident, to three-fourths. L o n g term disability and dental insurance plans applied to relativ ely few w orkers. R etirem en t pension plans, in addition to F ed eral social security, w ere p ro v id ed in establishm ents em p lo ying seven-tenths o f th e w o rk force. S everance paym ents on retirem en t w ere found in plants em ploy ing nearly o n e-tenth o f th e w orkers; such lum p-sum paym ents in alm ost all cases w ere g ran ted as an addition to, ra th e r th an instead of, pensions. M ost o f th e health, insurance, and retirem en t plans studied w ere financed en tirely b y th e em ployer. Incidence o f co v erag e by these plans w as highest in clay refracto ries plants and low est in brick and clay tile plants. F o r exam ple, all o r nearly all w o rk ers in establishm ents m aking clay refracto ries w ere co v ered b y sickness and accident, insurance; th e p ro p o rtio n co v e red in brick-m aking plants w as 55 p ercen t (table 3&). o th e r late shifts. Shift pro v isio n c o v e rag e w as g enerally highest in th e clay refracto ries b ra n ch and lo w est in th e b rick and clay tile segm ent (table 30). A b o u t 11 p erc e n t o f th e industries* w o rk e rs w ere actu ally em ployed on second shifts at th e tim e o f th e survey, and less th an 5 p erc e n t w o rk e d on th ird o r o th e r late shifts (table 31). L ate-shift w o rk e rs w ere m ost com m o n in th e ceram ic w all and flo o r tile and clay refracto ries b ran ch es (table 32). Paid holidays. A ll b u t 5 p e rc e n t o f th e w o rk ers w ere in establishm ents p ro v id in g paid holidays (table 33). W o r kers ty p ically receiv ed b etw e en 6 and 9 holidays annually, b u t provisions v aried w id ely b y region. F o r exam ple, th ree-fo u rth s o f th e w o rk e rs in th e M iddle A tlan tic reg io n re ceiv ed 9 days o r m ore; sim ilar p ro p o rtio n s in th e S o u th east and S o u th w est receiv ed 7 days o r less. H o lid ay provisions w e re g enerally m ost liberal in th e clay refrac to ries b ra n c h (table 34). Paid vacations. V irtu ally all w o rk e rs w e re p ro v id ed paid v acatio n s after qualifying p erio d s o f service (table 35). T y p ical p rovisions w e re 1 w eek after 1 year o f service, 2 w eeks afte r 5 years, and at least 3 w eeks after 12 years. A m ajo rity o f w o rk e rs in th e M iddle A tlantic, G re a t L akes, M iddle W est, and P acific regions receiv ed at least 4 w eeks after 20 years o f service. V acatio n provisions also v aried b y in d u stry b ra n ch (table 36). Other selected benefits. T hree-fifths o f th e p ro d u ctio n w o rk ers w e re in establishm ents p ro v id in g tim e o ff w ith p ay to w o rk ers atten d in g funerals o f close relatives o r serving on a ju ry (table 39). By co n trast, technological severance pay, w h ich is p ro v id ed to w o rk ers perm a n ently separated from th eir jo b s because o f tech n o lo g i cal change, w as extrem ely rare, and, in fact, w as found o nly in a few b rick and clay tile plants (table 40). S upplem ental unem ploym ent benefits (SU B), w h ich augm ent paym ents m ade by S tate unem ploym ent p ro gram s, applied to o ne-tenth o f th e w orkers. O ne-fifth o f th e w o rk ers receiv ed cost-of-living adjustm ents (C O L A ), in m ost cases in keeping w ith changes in th e B L S consum er p rice index. SU B and C O L A plans w ere found alm ost exclusively in clay refracto ries plants. H ealth insurance, and retirement plans. V irtu ally all clay w o rk e rs w e re in plants p ro v id in g life, hospitaliz ation, and surgical insurance to a m ajo rity o f th eir w o rk e rs (table 37). A c cid en tal d ea th and dism em ber m en t co v e rag e and m ajo r m edical insurance applied to four-fifths o f th e w orkers; m edical insurance to m ore 5 Table 1. Average hourly earnings: By selected characteristics ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s i n s t r u c t u r a l c l a y p r o d u c t s m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1975) Item Great Lakes M iddle W e st P acific Southwest Southeast B o r d e r States M i d d l e .A t l a n t i c United S ta te s 2 Num ber Average N um ber Average N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber Average N um ber Average N u m b er A verage N um ber A verage hourly hourly of of h ourly h o urly of h ourly of hourly of h o urly of hourly of of w o rk e rs earnings w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s earn in g s w o r k e r s earn in g s w o r k e r s earn in g s w o r k e r s earn in g s w o r k e r s earn in g s ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS................................. HEN............................................................................. WOMEN........................................................................ 32,954 30,507 2,447 $3.79 3.84 3.12 4,660 4,€82 MAJOR PRODUCT:3 BRICK AND STRUCTURAL CLAY T I L E . . CERAMIC WAIL AND FLCOR T I L E ........... CLAY REFRACTORIES....................................... CLAY SEWER P I P E ............................................. 15,375 5,215 7,585 4,349 3.35 3.41 4.78 4.06 1,313 S I Z E OF COMMUNITY:4 METROPOLITAN AREAS.................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AREAS............................ 17,915 15,039 S I Z E OF ESTABLISHMENT: 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS.................................................. 1 00 WORKERS OR MORE................................. LABOR-MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS: ESTABLISHMENTS WITH— MAJORITY OF WORKERS COVERED............ NCNE OR MINORITY OF WORKERS COVERED................................................................ $ 4 . 35 4 . 48 2,637 2, 397 $3.84 3.89 $4.67 4.6 8 $3.19 3.20 ~ 4,263 3,664 ~ $2.87 2.91 “ 6,539 6,123 5,188 - 2.99 - 2,758 1,066 - 2.76 2.75 ~ 2,428 1,019 1,325 1,653 3 . 83 3.51 4.4 3 4.30 2,304 5.18 ~ $4.03 4.07 3,492 3,464 7,726 7,284 “ 2,361 2,241 $4.19 4 . 24 ~ • ~ “ ~ - 1,830 - 4.16 5.00 “ 1,244 ~ 3.20 “ 3.83 3.73 3,063 1,597 4.31 4.41 1, 107 1,530 3.70 3.93 4,044 3,682 3.24 3.13 1,972 2,291 2.93 2.82 3,288 3,251 4.08 3.97 2,417 4.62 1 5 , 1 6C 17,794 3.58 3.96 2,314 2,346 4.22 4.47 1,27 3 1,364 3.33 4.31 2,901 4,825 3.12 3.23 2,354 1,909 2.74 3.04 3,580 2,959 3.98 4.08 2,592 ~ 5.05 1,375 ~ 4.20 22,251 4.07 4,275 4.45 1,859 4.10 3,930 3.28 1,477 3 . 10 4,895 4.07 3,335 4.75 1 ,729 4.35 2.75 1,644 3.90 10,703 3. 20 - - 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , * holidays, ■ and late shifts. 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s i n a d d i t i o n to t h o s e sho wn s e p a r a t e l y . 3 T h e p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r t o t a l i n c l u d e s d a t a f o r m a j o r p r o d u c t s i n a d d i t i o n to t h o s e shown s e p ara te ly . U n ited States and ■ 3,796 3.09 2,786 ~ " ' 2,361 ' " 4.19 " ' 4 S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s a s d e f i n e d by t h e U. S. O f f ic e of M a n a g e m e n t a n d B u d g e t t h r o u g h F e b r u a r y 1974. NOTE: D a s h e s i n d i c a t e d no d a t a r e p o r t e d o r d a t a t h a t do n o t m e e t p u b l i c a t i o n c r i t e r i a . Table 2. Earnings distribution: Structural clay products ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in s t r u c t u r a l c l a y p r o d u c t s m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , 12 U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1975) U nited States 2 A v erage hourly e arnings Total NUMBER OF HORKERS....................................... 1VERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS J.................... TOTAL............ Men Women M iddle A tlantic B order States South east South west Great Lakes M iddle W est P acific 32,954 $3.79 30,507 $3.84 2,447 $3.12 4 ,6 6 0 $4.35 2,637 $3.84 7,726 $3.19 4,263 $2.87 6,539 $4.03 3,492 $4.67 2,361 $4.19 100.0 1C0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2.5 1.9 3.7 3.3 7.2 7.7 8.4 11.4 0.1 .5 .6 .1 100.0 100.0 100.0 $2.10 $ 2 .20 $2.30 $2.40 AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 2 . 2 0 ............................ $ 2 . 3 0 ............................ $ 2 . 4 0 ............................ $ 2 . 5 0 ............................ 1.5 1.7 2 .3 2.5 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.5 3 .4 2.0 6.1 2.4 0.1 .6 .7 0.1 1.4 1.0 1.6 $2.50 $2.60 $ 2 .70 $2.80 $2.90 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 2 . 6 0 ............... ............. $ 2 . 7 0 ............................ $ 2 . 8 0 ............................ $ 2 . 9 0 ............................ $ 3 . 0 0 ............................ 4 .2 3.0 3. 1 2.7 2 .6 3.8 2.8 2.8 2.6 2 .3 9. 2 5.8 6.7 4.3 6.8 1.0 .7 .7 1.0 1.0 1.9 2.0 3.1 5.0 5.3 10.5 7 .1 5.6 4.5 5.0 10.5 6.0 8.7 5.0 3 .2 .4 .6 .3 .6 .8 1.5 .9 .7 1.5 0.6 <*) .8 1.8 .9 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 AND AND AND AND AND UNDEB UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 3 . 1 0 ............................ $ 3 . 2 0 ............................ $ 3 . 3 0 ............................ $ 3 . 4 0 ............................ $ 3 . 5 0 ............................ 3 .6 4.5 4.5 3.9 3.4 3. 4 4.4 4 .5 3.8 3.3 4. 9 6.7 3.4 4 .9 5.5 1.7 3.9 3.9 2.6 2 .7 6.0 10.5 4.1 4.2 3.6 6.0 5.0 8.7 5.0 5.0 4.4 3.2 2.6 2.1 1.4 1.9 4.2 3.0 7.2 5 .0 1.8 3.1 2 .6 .4 2 .2 2.8 4.4 2.6 1.7 1.8 $3.50 $ 3 .60 $3.70 $3.80 $3 .9 0 AND AND AND AND AND UNDEB UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 3 . 6 0 ............................ $ 3 . 7 0 ............................ $ 3 . 8 0 ............................ $ 3 . 9 0 ............................ $ 4 . 0 0 ............................ 4.5 5.4 3.9 4.8 2.7 4 .6 5.3 4.0 4.7 2.8 3.4 6.0 3.6 6.5 2.0 2.7 5.5 4.1 7 .3 3 .2 2.8 1.5 2.1 10.4 2.6 4.4 4.8 3 .0 1.7 1 .6 3.0 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.1 7.1 12.6 5 .7 6.6 4.2 3.4 2.7 2.4 1.8 .7 4.5 .8 3.9 7 .4 5.3 $ 4 . 0 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 1 0 ............................ $ 4 . 1 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 2 0 ............................ $ 4 . 2 0 AND UNDEB $ 4 . 3 0 ............................ $ 4 . 3 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 4 0 ............................ $ 4 . 4 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 5 0 ............................ 2.6 1.9 2.8 2 .0 2.4 2.7 2.0 3.0 2.1 2 .6 1.3 .7 .3 .5 . 9 3.4 3.0 3.9 2.9 3 .8 1.8 1.6 .5 1.0 2 .5 1.5 1.3 .5 1.1 .5 1.9 .9 1.5 .4 .5 3.5 2.6 2.9 3.3 4.4 1.7 .1 .7 2.3 2.1 5.2 3.7 15.0 3.1 5.5 $4.50 $ 4 .60 $4.70 $4.80 $4.90 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 4 . 6 0 ............................ $ 4 . 7 0 ............................ $ 4 . 8 0 ............................ $ 4 . 9 0 ............................ $ 5 . 0 0 ............................ 2.3 2.3 2.1 2 .2 1.7 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 1.9 .5 .4 .4 . 1 .2 3 .4 3.0 2.7 3.5 2.1 2.0 1.5 2.9 4.3 1.4 .4 .3 .2 .4 .4 .4 .6 .5 .2 (*) 2.7 2 .5 1.5 1.7 3.5 5.9 6.2 7.6 7.0 4.0 4.2 6.0 3.3 1.4 1.5 $5.00 $5.10 $5.20 $ 5 .30 $5.40 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDEB UNDER UNDER $ 5 . 1 0 ............................ $ 5 . 2 0 ............................ $ 5 . 3 0 ............................ $ 5 . 4 0 ............................ $ 5 . 5 0 ............................ 1 .6 1.5 1.2 1.3 .8 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.4 .9 .1 . 1 .1 .2 - 3.3 2 .6 2.9 2.8 .8 .8 2.9 .6 .5 1.2 .9 .6 .2 .4 .2 . 1 .8 .9 1.1 .7 .6 5.4 5.3 3.1 3.6 3.1 .9 .8 .8 3.0 .3 $5.50 $5.60 $5.70 $5.80 $5.90 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 5 . 6 0 ............................ $ 5 . 7 0 ............................ $ 5 . 8 0 ............................ $ 5 . 9 0 ............................ $ 6 . 0 0 ............................ .7 .7 .6 .5 .4 .7 .7 .7 .6 . 4 (*) .9 .2 .1 .5 .4 .1 .3 .2 .1 .1 <*) .3 .5 .4 .4 .2 1.4 2.1 2.5 2.7 1.0 .6 .3 .3 . 1 - 1.1 1.2 1.2 .6 1 .0 <*> $6.00 AND OVER., 3.4 3.7 .1 7.7 3. 1 .9 .2 3.8 6.2 4.8 days, - 1 I n c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i a nd l a t e s h i f t s . 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s i n a d d i t i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . _ - .1 (*> .5 .7 .2 . 1 - _ _ - - - - * _ - _ * L e s s t h a n 0. 05 p e r c e n t . NOTE: 10 0 . Because of rounding, su m s of i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s m a y n o t e q u a l Table 3. Earnings distribution: Brick and structural clay tile ( P e r c e n t d is t r i b u t i o n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 U n ite d S ta te s an d s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , United S ta te s 2 A verage hourly earnings Total Men W omen M iddle Atlantic Border States South east S e p te m b e r 1975) South w est Great Lakes NUHBEfi OF WOFKERS....................................... AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS1 .................... 15,375 $3.35 15,117 $3.35 258 $ 2 .93 1,313 $ 4 . 16 1,244 $3.20 5, 188 $2.99 2,758 $2.76 2,428 $3.83 TOTAL......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 $ 2 . 1 0 AND UNDER $ 2 . 2 0 ............................ $ 2 . 2 0 AND UNDER $ 2 . 3 0 ............................ $ 2 . 3 0 AND UNDER $ 2 . 4 0 ............................ $ 2 . 4 0 AND UNDER $ 2 . 5 0 ............................ 2 .4 2.8 3.7 4.7 2.4 2.8 3.8 4.7 3.5 1.9 2.3 .8 0.2 _ 3.1 2.2 3.4 3.1 2 .6 5 .0 4.6 7.3 9.1 8.7 15.8 0 .2 .1 1.0 $ 2 . 5 0 AND UNDER $ 2 . 6 0 AND UNDER $ 2 . 7 0 AND UNDER $ 2 . 8 0 AND UNDER $ 2 . 9 0 AND UNDER $ 2 . 6 0 ............................ $ 2 . 7 0 ............................ $ 2 . 8 0 ............................ $ 2 . 9 0 ............................ $ 3 . 0 0 ............................ 7.4 5.1 4 .3 3.9 3.6 7 .2 4 .9 4 .3 4.0 3.5 19.4 12.0 2.7 1.2 6.6 1.1 1. 1 .6 3.9 4.3 5 .9 5.8 6.3 14.4 9.3 6.5 5.7 5 .8 10.9 6.2 7.1 5.6 3 .0 .9 .4 . 2 .1 .6 $ 3 . 0 0 AND UNDEF $ 3 . 1 0 ............................ $ 3 . 1 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 2 0 ............................ $ 3 . 2 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 3 0 ............................ $ 3 . 3 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 4 0 ............................ $ 3 . 4 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 5 0 ............................ 4.6 5.8 5.4 5.4 3.6 4 .5 5.7 5.4 5.2 3.6 11.2 8.5 5.4 17. 1 1.6 .3 8.1 5 .7 4 .5 4.6 6.7 18.7 6.4 8.2 4.2 6.9 5.1 7.8 3.7 2.1 4.3 1.8 2.9 2.5 1.6 3.3 4 .9 3.2 15.7 8.4 $ 3 . 5 0 AND UNDEB $ 3 . 6 0 ............................ $ 3 . 6 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 7 0 ............................ $ 3 . 7 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 8 0 ............................ $ 3 . 8 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 9 0 ............................ $ 3 . 9 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 0 0 ............................ 4.3 3.2 3.4 4.8 2 .7 4.3 3.3 3.4 4 .9 2.7 1.6 2.3 .4 1.2 6.4 4. C 4 .2 9 .7 3.7 2. 1 2.5 1.8 1.5 3 .5 3.1 3.2 1.2 1.1 1 .0 2.2 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.2 6.6 3.7 3.2 11.0 6.8 $ 4 . 0 0 AND UNDEF $ 4 . 1 0 ............................ $ 4 . 1 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 2 0 ............................ $ 4 . 2 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 3 0 ............................ $ 4 . 3 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 4 0 ............................ $ 4 . 4 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 5 0 ............................ 1 .7 2 .0 3 .9 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.0 3.9 1.3 1.7 . 4 - 1.4 4.2 5.0 .5 3.9 .6 2.2 .6 .6 2.4 1.3 1.3 .6 1.0 .4 1. 1 .9 .7 .4 .1 2.9 3.4 3.7 3.9 2.9 $ 4 . 5 0 AND UNDEF $ 4 . 6 0 ............................ $ 4 . 6 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 7 0 ........................... $ 4 . 7 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 8 0 ............................ $ 4 . 8 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 9 0 ............................ $ 4 . 9 0 AND UNDER $ 5 . 0 0 ............................ 1.1 .8 .7 .7 .5 1.1 .8 .7 .7 .5 - - 2.4 1.4 .6 3 .8 1.2 1.1 .3 .3 .3 .5 .3 .3 .3 .2 .3 .2 .8 . 1 .2 .1 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.5 .7 $ 5 . 0 0 AND UNDEF $ 5 . 1 0 ............................ $ 5 . 1 0 AND UNDER $ 5 . 2 0 ............................ $ 5 . 2 0 AND UNDER $ 5 . 3 0 ............................ $ 5 . 3 0 AND UNDEB $ 5 . 4 0 ............................ $ 5 . 4 0 AND UNDER $ 5 . 5 0 ............................ .5 .6 .6 .4 .2 .5 .6 .6 .4 .2 * 1.8 3.4 4.1 2.9 .3 .2 “ .3 .6 .3 .1 .2 . 1 .1 .1 .6 . 2 .6 .3 2 .5 2.5 - 8.8 .6 .3 .3 3.0 $5.50 AND OVER............................................... 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , an d la te s h if t s . 2 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d it io n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a te ly . NOTE: B eca u se n ot eq u a l 100. o f r o u n d in g , su m s .9 o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m ay Table 4. Earnings distribution: Ceramic wall and floor tile ( P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s , 1 U n ite d S ta te s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , S e p te m b e r 1975) U n ite d S ta te s 2 A v e ra g e h o u rly e a rn in g s T o ta l M en W om en M id d le A tla n tic S o u th w est G reat L akes NUHBER OF WORKERS................................... AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS 1.................. 5,215 $3.41 3,285 $3.59 1,930 $3.09 1, 2 2 2 $3.75 1 , 06 6 $ 2 .7 5 1,019 $3.51 TOTAL.................................................... 1 0 0 .0 100 .0 10 0 .0 100.C 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 $2.10 $2.20 $ 2 .3 0 $2 . 4 0 AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 2 . 2 0 ......................... $ 2 . 3 0 .......................... $ 2 . 4 0 ......................... $ 2 . 5 0 ......................... 2.4 2.1 3. 4 1.8 1.6 2. 1 1. 3 1.1 3.6 2. 1 7.0 3.0 $2.50 $2 . 6 0 $2 . 7 0 $2.80 $2.90 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 2 . 6 0 ......................... $ 2 . 7 0 ......................... $ 2 . 8 0 ......................... $ 2 . 9 0 ......................... $ 3 . 0 0 ......................... 4.4 3.0 5.2 3.0 4.8 1.6 1.6 4.2 2.4 3.3 $3.00 $3 . 1 0 $3.20 $3.30 $ 3 .4 0 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 3 . 1 0 ......................... $ 3 . 2 0 ......................... $ 3 . 3 0 ......................... $ 3 . 4 0 ......................... $ 3 . 5 0 ......................... 5.1 7.9 3.7 3. 1 4.4 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3 .9 0 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 3 . 6 0 ......................... $ 3 . 7 0 ......................... $ 3 . 8 0 ......................... $ 3 . 9 0 ......................... $ 4 . 0 0 .......................... $4.00 $4 .1 0 $4.20 $4 . 3 0 $ 4 .4 0 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $4.50 $4.60 $4.70 $4.80 $4 .9 0 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER . 1.5 2.6 9.8 7.0 11.1 4.5 0.1 2.6 1.5 .4 9. 1 5.6 7.0 4. 1 7.4 1.9 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 13 .8 7.5 14 .9 2.1 4.0 .2 1 .3 .6 1.3 3.7 6.1 8.5 4.0 2.7 4.2 3.5 6.9 3.3 3.7 4.6 6.3 5.8 2.9 3.6 4.4 4.9 6.9 1.4 1.3 .8 2.8 4.6 4.9 5.4 5.7 4.5 9. 1 3.9 7.5 1.9 5.1 10 . 2 4.0 7.4 1.9 3.6 7.2 3.8 7.7 1.8 2.0 5. 1 5.4 7.3 3.4 2.5 .9 .2 .2 .2 7.0 36.2 5.6 3.2 1.6 $ 4 . 1 0 ......................... $ 4 . 2 0 ......................... $ 4 . 3 0 ......................... $ 4 . 4 0 ......................... $ 4 . 5 0 ......................... 3.7 1.7 1.2 1.8 1.7 4.9 2.3 1. 6 2.6 2.2 1. 7 .7 .4 .4 .9 4.6 4.3 3.0 3.7 4.8 1. 4 .3 .2 .3 1.0 4.6 1.5 .3 1 .4 .7 $ 4 . 6 0 ......................... $ 4 . 7 0 ......................... $ 4 . 8 0 ......................... $ 4 . 9 0 ......................... $ 5 . 0 0 ......................... 1.5 .6 1.0 1.3 1.0 2.2 .8 1.4 2.1 1. 4 .4 .2 .2 _ _ 1. 6 _ _ .3 2.3 1.8 1. 3 2.6 2.7 - 1.3 . 1 $ 5 . 0 0 AND OVER.......................................... 3.2 5.0 .3 5.6 .6 1 .0 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , a n d la te s h if ts . 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s in a d d i t i o n t o th o s e show n s e p a r a te ly . _ - .6 N O T E : B e c a u s e of ro u n d in g , d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l 10 0 . .5 s u m s o f in - Table 5. Earnings distribution: Clay refractories Table 6. Earnings distribution: Clay sewer pipe ( P e r c e n t d is tr i b u ti o n o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s b y s tr a ig h t- tim e h o u rly e a r n in g s , 1 U n ite d S ta te s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 19 7 5 ) ( P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s b y s tr a ig h t- tim e h o u rly e a r n i n g s ,1 U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d G r e a t L a k e s , S e p t e m b e r 1 9 7 5 ) United States Av e ra g e hour ly earnings W omen Middle Atlantic Great Lakes Middle West Total Men 7,585 $4.78 7,332 $ 4 .8 3 253 $3.49 1,830 $5.00 1, 3 2 5 $ 4 .4 3 2,304 $5.18 TOTAL........... 1 0 0 .0 10 0 .0 100.0 10 0 .0 10 0. 0 100.C UNDER $ 2 . 5 0 ------- 0.2 <*) 5.9 0.5 0.2 - .5 - _ (*) - .1 1.0 .2 1. 4 .2 _ - NUMBER OF WORKERS................................... AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS .................. $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 2 . 6 0 .......................... $ 2 . 7 0 ......................... $ 2 . 8 0 ......................... $ 2 . 9 0 .......................... $ 3 . 0 0 ......................... .3 .3 .5 1. 1 .4 0 .3 .2 .2 .9 .4 .4 1. 6 8.7 9.5 2.4 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3. 40 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 3 . 1 0 ......................... $ 3 . 2 0 ......................... $ 3 . 3 0 .......................... $ 3 . 4 0 ......................... $ 3 . 5 0 .......................... 1.4 1.5 .7 1. 6 2.3 1.1 1.4 .7 1.6 1.8 9.9 3.6 1.6 2.4 17.0 _ .2 .1 .4 .1 .4 6.5 2. 1 1. 7 1 .6 $ 3 . 5 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 6 0 ......................... $ 3 . 6 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 7 0 ......................... $ 3 . 7 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 8 0 ......................... $ 3 . 8 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 9 0 ......................... $ 3 . 9 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 0 0 .......................... 1.8 3.3 2.2 2.8 2.6 1.7 3. 3 2.2 2.7 2. 6 4.0 4.0 3.2 4.3 3.6 .7 1.7 .5 5.8 3.0 2.0 1.8 5.0 3.2 2.3 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 4 . 1 0 ......................... $ 4 . 2 0 ......................... $ 4 . 3 0 .......................... $ 4 . 4 0 .......................... $ 4 . 5 0 ......................... 1.9 1.6 2.1 3.3 4.3 2 .0 1.7 2. 2 3.3 4. 3 _ .8 2.0 2.4 4.3 1.8 4.3 4.6 3.6 3.8 2.9 4.6 6.0 13 .5 (*) 0.3 2.8 1 .1 $4.50 $4.60 $4.70 $4.80 $4.90 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 4 . 6 0 ............. .. $ 4 . 7 0 ......................... $ 4 . 8 0 .......................... $ 4 . 9 0 ......................... $ 5 . 0 0 ......................... 5.0 5.6 6.4 6.0 3.2 5.1 5. 7 6 .5 6. 2 3.3 2.0 2.0 2.8 .4 .4 5.4 5.4 5.4 4.5 2.7 5.6 5.7 2.6 2.9 2.0 6.8 8.7 11.4 10.5 5.9 $5.00 $5.10 $5.20 $5.30 $5.40 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 5 . 1 0 .......................... $ 5 . 2 0 .......................... $ 5 . 3 0 .......................... $ 5 . 4 0 ......................... $ 5 . 5 0 .......................... 5.1 4.0 3.2 4.5 2.4 5.3 4. 2 3.2 4. 6 2 .5 1.2 5.8 2.9 4.2 4.8 1.6 2. 1 1.8 2.8 2 .1 .6 8. 1 7.9 4.7 5.3 4.7 $ 5 . 5 0 AND UNDER $ 5 . 6 0 ......................... $ 5 . 6 0 AND UNDER $ 5 . 7 0 ......................... $ 5 . 7 0 AND UNDER $ 5 . 8 0 .......................... $ 5 . 8 0 AND UNDER $ 5 . 9 0 ......................... $ 5 . 9 0 AND UNDER $ 6 . 0 0 .......................... 1.5 2. 2 2. 1 1.7 1.3 1.5 2. 3 2.2 1.7 1.3 1.4 2.7 2.5 1.3 1.6 .6 1. 2 .9 .9 .8 2.0 3.2 3.3 3.7 1. 5 $6.00 $6.10 $6.20 $6.30 $6.40 AND AND AND AND AND 1.0 .9 1. 1 .6 .4 1.0 1.0 1.1 .6 .4 1. 1 1.6 1.7 .2 .1 .8 .9 2.2 .3 .5 1.0 .7 .7 .6 .5 $6.50 AND OVER.. 5.6 5.7 311. 1 2.0 4.4 UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 6 . 1 0 ......................... $ 6 . 2 0 ......................... $ 6 . 3 0 .......................... $ 6 . 4 0 ......................... $ 6 . 5 0 .......................... - .4 2.0 _ - .8 .4 .4 - .4 - - - _ - - * 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e an d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , an d la te s h ifts . 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s in a d d i t i o n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly . 3 W o rk e rs w e re d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 2 . 1 p e r c e n t a t $ 6 . 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 6. 6 0 ; 3 . 1 p e r c e n t a t $ 6 .6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 6 .7 0 ; 0 .7 p e r c e n t a t $ 6 .7 0 and u n d e r $ 6 .8 0 ; 0 .7 p e r c e n t a t $ 6 .8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 6 . 9 0 ; 0 . 1 p e r c e n t a t $ 6 . 90 a n d u n d e r $ 7 ; and 4 .5 p e r c e n t a t $ 7 and o v e r. * L e s s th a n 0 ,0 5 p e r c e n t . N O T E : B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l 10 0 . sum s of in U n it e d S ta te s A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s G reat L akes NUHBER OF WORKERS...................................... AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS . .................. 4,349 $4.06 1,653 $ 4 .30 TOTAL.......................................................... 100.0 100.0 UNDER $ 3 . 0 0 ........................................................ 3 .5 0.9 $ 3 . 0 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 1 0 ............................ $ 3 . 1 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 2 0 ............................ $ 3 . 2 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 3 0 ............................ $ 3 . 3 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 4 0 ............................ $ 3 . 4 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 5 0 ............................ 1.9 1.9 8.1 3.4 3.1 .7 1.6 2.2 . 6 1.1 $ 3 . 6 0 ............................ $ 3 . 7 0 ............................ $ 3 . 8 0 ............................ $ 3 . 9 0 ............................ $ 4 . 0 0 ............................ 9.8 12.4 8.2 3 .9 4.2 12.2 20.1 9.6 4. 9 3.9 $ 4 . 0 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 1 0 ............................ $ 4 . 1 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 2 0 ............................ $ 4 . 2 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 3 0 ............................ $ 4 . 3 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 4 0 ............................ $ 4 . 4 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 5 0 ............................ 5.2 2.5 2. 1 2.7 3.0 3. 4 2.0 . 8 1.5 1.7 $ 4 . 5 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 6 0 ............................ $ 4 . 6 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 7 0 ............................ $ 4 . 7 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 8 0 ............................ $ 4 . 8 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 9 0 ............................ $ 4 . 9 0 AND UNDER $ 5 . 0 0 ............................ 2.8 4.2 1.3 1 .7 4.7 2.9 3. 2 1.3 1.2 11 . 1 $5.00 $5.10 $5.20 $5.30 .$5.40 AND AND AND AND AND .4 .3 .9 1.0 1.3 1.5 .3 .9 1.2 $5.50 AND OVER............................................ 6.0 8 .3 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 5 . 1 0 ............................ $ 5 . 2 0 ............................ $ 5 . 3 0 ............................ $ 5 . 4 0 ............................ $ 5 . 5 0 ............................ 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r ti m e a n d f o r w o r k on w eekends, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . .2 N O T E : B ecau se of ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l 10 0 . T ab le 7. (N u m b e r O ccupational averages: and a v e ra g e S tru ctu ral clay products s tr a ig h t- tim e h o u rly Occupation e a rn in g s 1 of w o rk e rs in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , U n ite d S ta te s and s e le c te d re g io n s , S e p te m b e r 19 7 5 ) United States2 Middle Atlanti c Bo rd e i • States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle Wes t Pacif ic Number Av era ge Number Av era ge Number Av era ge Number Ave ra ge Number A ve rag e Number A v er a ge Number Av era ge Number Average of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hour ly of hourly w or k e rs earnings w o r k e r s earnings w or k e rs earnings w o r k e r s earnings w or k e rs earnings w o r k e r s earnings w or k er s earnings w o rk e rs earnings HIKING PONER-SBOVEL OPERATORS3 ........................... 224 $3.83 13 $4.88 22 $3.95 77 $3.26 26 $3.36 53 $3.90 10 $4.44 - - 189 313 541 4 .3 1 3.83 3.48 38 65 34 4.69 4. 14 4.24 13 15 72 4.72 3.75 3. 41 25 40 159 3.97 3.39 3.07 20 41 82 3.10 2.84 2.79 40 61 93 4.04 3.68 3. 81 37 55 64 5.16 4.57 4.15 10 18 24 (3.8 4 4 . 17 4.71 582 498 84 263 182 519 583 4. 20 4.35 3.34 4.97 3.77 4.47 3.74 85 85 48 14 106 69 4.70 4.70 4.40 4.57 4.78 4.58 - _ 31 - 6.58 5.63 3.63 37 26 45 31 76 128 3.30 3.41 3.84 3.43 4.13 3.06 87 61 20 69 91 3.34 3.40 2.51 2.78 3.03 168 141 27 46 78 65 122 4.10 4.17 3.74 4.85 3.70 4.31 4.14 125 124 _ 58 _ 45 5.26 5.25 _ 5.80 46 42 3.84 3.93 10 6 16 39 4.18 4. 57 4.48 4.36 113 33 80 187 161 26 3.52 3.39 3.57 3.72 3.81 3.22 - _ - 12 8 41 32 9 2.95 2.80 3.38 3.45 3.12 _ _ 30 24 _ _ 3.07 3.21 * 23 13 . 50 39 - 3.64 3.67 3.78 3.80 * 20 11 3. 41 3.40 18 18 4.64 4.64 547 1 , 50 7 1 , 34 8 686 451 211 1,165 1,086 79 1,492 48 530 118 45 37 3.12 3.26 3.08 2.93 3.06 74 184 82 14 2.77 2.80 3.35 4.65 149 280 444 200 169 3.66 3.78 4.78 4.97 4.95 4.37 4.28 4. 1 1 4.12 336 112 224 1,791 1,594 197 CRUSHING, GRINDING, AND MIXING3 CLAY MAKERS......................................................... DRY-PAN OPERATORS.......................................... GRINDERS, CLAY................................................. FORMING AND CUTTING DIE PRESSERS...................................................... HEN..................................................................... NOHEN................................................................ HOLDERS, HAND3 ................................................. HOLDING-MACHINE OPERATORS3 .................... PRESS OPERATORS3 ............................................ PUGMILL OPERATORS3........................................ - 60 55 _ 4.27 GL AZING GLAZING-MACHINE FEEDERS........................... HEN..................................................................... NOHEN................................................................ SPRAY-MACHINE OPERATORS (GLAZING).. HEN..................................................................... NOMEN................................................................ 33 33 " 4.11 4.11 ~ 3.55 3.55 4.37 4. 42 4.69 3.53 3.82 3.86 3.22 3.91 10 8 171 286 172 101 90 90 4.04 4.21 5. 17 5.09 5.39 50 120 104 73 - 146 4.54 3.44 4.21 3.06 3. 46 3.53 2 . 89 51 32 2 08 208 3.64 4.66 4.66 - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - KILN (BURNING) FIRERS, PERIODIC KILN3............................. FIRERS, TUNNEL KILN 3................................... KILN SETTERS AND DRANEBS3 ...................... SETTERS............................................................. DRANERS.............................................................. SETTERS AND DRANERS................................ PLACERS, TUNNEL KILN....................................... MEN............................................................................. NOHEN....................................................................... UNLOADERS, TUNNEL KILN................................. - - 4.23 4.23 - - 79 64 - 114 3.15 3.56 3.59 3.48 - 4.04 4.20 - 5.31 - - 355 3 13 42 570 3.38 3.41 3 . 13 3.17 34 14 20 4 73 428 45 3.03 3.0 5 3.01 2.72 2.72 2.72 - 56 133 125 _ 134 239 22 5 4.02 4.0 5 36 118 89 39 43 7 102 102 3.31 2 70 4.2 0 152 2.51 61 38 23 30 9 280 4.12 4.52 3.47 4.00 4.0 5 ” - 2.65 2.9 4 2.9 5 _ - _ - _ 3.82 4.01 4.55 4.33 4.81 4.22 4.58 4.58 20 62 119 66 4.91 93 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4.1 0 FINISHING F I N I S H E R S .................................................................... HEN............................................................................. NOMEN....................................................................... OFF BEARERS............................................................... MEN............................................................................. NOMEN....................................................................... 3.83 - _ - 202 169 _ - 3.11 3 . 14 111 - 107 251 196 ~ - 2.4 9 2.81 2.87 " S ee fo o tn o te s a t end of ta b le . _ _ _ _ - - 117 108 “ 4.0 2 4.10 ** _ _ 151 125 _ 3.87 4.05 Table 7. Occupational averages: Structual clay products—Continued (N u m b e r and a v e ra g e s tr a ig h t- tim e h o u rly O c c u p a tio n e a rn in g s 1 of w o rk e rs in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , U n ite d S ta te s and s e le c te d r e g io n s , S e p te m b e r 1975) U n ite d S ta te s 2 M id d le A t la n tic B o r d e r S ta te s S o u th e a s t S o u th w e s t G reat L ak es M id d le W e s t P a c ific N u m b er A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b er A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b er A v e ra g e N u m b er A v e ra g e of h o u rly of h o u rly of h o u rly of h o u rly of h o u rly of of h o u rly h o u rly of h o u rly w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s »e a r n i n g s F I N I S H I N G — CONTINUED PATTERN HCUNTERS4 ................................................... SORTERS , ERICK 3 .................................................... SORTERS, T I L E .......................................................... HEN.............................................................................. WOMEN........................................................................ 27 6 526 533 88 445 $3.22 3.65 3.26 3.52 3.21 _ 40 _ $3.92 - - - - - - - - - - - 58 107 203 220 1,096 223 504 4. 96 5.19 3.94 4.37 4.79 30 37 133 13 99 5.11 5.16 4.57 4.72 5.04 323 2 90 33 5 36 621 456 165 794 39 143 3.10 3.15 2.66 3 . 83 3.53 3.72 3.01 3.74 3.31 3.76 41 33 8 71 56 35 21 35 3.56 3.69 3.04 4.36 3.78 4 . 24 3.00 4.2 2 2 76 3 28 126 1,981 187 3.72 3 . 79 3.41 3.71 4.05 - $2.65 2.94 - - 64 84 84 - $3.17 2.95 2.45 - - 44 143 - - $4.17 3 . 60 48 $3.18 - - - _ - - $3.20 “ 30 26 - - 87 2.93 84 2.45 84 3.4 8 “ $4.86 4.14 4.17 4.46 48 41 244 67 95 4.79 4.84 3.51 3.96 4.66 20 7 2 09 26 50 4.03 4.63 2.97 3.70 4.1 0 37 18 213 36 79 4.73 4.7 2 4.18 4.23 4.45 42 79 117 28 95 5.4 4 5.60 4.8 3 5.06 5.19 12 13 52 20 ’ 21 5.84 5.45 4.75 5.55 5 .70 2.90 2.90 3.23 3.17 125 115 10 142 73 27 340 15 29 2.80 2.82 2.61 3.01 3 . 13 3.67 3.26 3.0 0 3.04 55 45 10 27 128 73 55 137 2.43 2.48 2.18 3.28 3.30 3.73 2.73 3.2 5 4 . 18 4.29 4.25 - 3.93 3.9 3 3.7 9 5.39 2.82 3.47 3.50 4.24 3.85 3.79 4.26 4.08 3.58 3.76 28 25 45 - 9 35 33 187 145 127 18 62 9 28 123 173 504 32 3.08 3.44 3.12 3.27 96 32 14 2 19 3.36 3.0 5 2.68 2.90 * 20 22 35 8 23 3 .26 MAINTENANCE3 ELECTR ICIAN S, MAINTENANCE......................... MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE.............................. MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL................ MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE.................................... MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE................................. 10 - 113 14 28 CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT J A N IT O R S ........................................................................ MEN............................................................................. WOMEN........................................................................ PACKAGING-MACHINE OPERATORS3................. PACKERS........................................................................... MEN............................................................................. WOMEN........................................................................ TRUCKDRIVERS3 3 ............................................................ LIGHT (UNDER 1 - 1 / 2 T O N S ) ........................ MEDIUM ( 1 - 1 / 2 TO 4 T O N S ) ........................ HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, TRAILER T Y P E ) ...................................................... HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, OTHER) .................. TRUCKERS, HAND3..................................................... TRUCKERS, POWER ( F OR KL IF T) 3 ................... TRUCKERS, POWER (EXCEPT FORKLIFT)3. . 1 E x c lu d e s p re m iu m - 26 29 229 37 p a y fo r o v e r tim e an d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , s h ifts . 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s i n a d d i t i o n to t h o s e 3 A ll o r v i r t u a l l y a l l w o r k e r s a r e m e n . sh o w n s e p a r a t e ly . - 4 . 15 3.64 4 . 31 4.1 4 h o lid a y s , 18 18 33 - 27 - 11 - 3.27 - 7 16 163 - 3.21 3.40 3.67 and la te - - - - 4.80 3.49 3.82 3.70 - - 43 15 15 6 4.38 73 - 27 - 8 21 257 47 - N O TE: - 4.30 - 4.97 4.29 4.49 4.8 6 4 A ll o r v i r t u a l l y a l l w o r k e r s a r e w o m e n . 5 In c lu d e s d r i v e r s o p e r a tin g a c o m b in a tio n o f th e ty p e s a n d s e p a ra te ly . - 4.6 7 35 15 6.39 4 .29 . - 14 9 10 s iz e s - 21 - 4.38 4.21 o f tr u c k s sh o w n D ashes indica te no data re p o rte d o r data that do not m e e t pu b lication c r ite r ia . Table 8. Occupational averages: Brick and structural clay tile ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s , U n ite d S ta te s 2 O c c u p a tio n CLAY MAKERS............................................................... DIE PRESSERS............................................................ DRY-PAN OPERATORS............................................... ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE......................... F I N I S H E R S .................................................................... F I B E R S , PERIODIC K IL N .................................... F I RE R S, TUNNEL KILN......................................... GLAZING-MACHINE FEEDERS............................... GRINDERS, CLAY....................................................... JANITORS....................................................................... KILN SETTERS AND DRAHEBS............................ SETTERS.................................................................... DRAWERS.................................................................... SETTERS AND DRAWERS.................................... MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE............................... MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL................. MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE.................................... MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE................................. MOLDERS, HAND......................................................... MOLDING-MACHINE OPERATORS......................... OFF BEARERS............................................................... PACKAGING-MACHINE OPERATORS.................... PACKERS......................................................................... PLACERS, TUNNEL KILN....................................... POWER-SHOVEL OPERATORS................................. PRESS OPERATORS.................................................... PUGMILL OPERATORS............................................... SORTERS, BRICK....................................................... SPRAY-MACHINE OPERATORS ( G LA ZI N G ). . TRUCKDRIVERS?......................................................... LIGHT (UNDER 1 - 1 / 2 TC N S) ...................... MEDIUM ( 1 - 1 / 2 TO 4 T O NS ) ...................... HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, TRAILER T Y P E ) ................................................. HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, OTHER) ................ TRUCKERS, HAND....................................................... TRUCKERS, POWER (F OR KL IF T) ...................... TRUCKERS, POWER (EXCEPT F O R K L I F T ) . . UNLOADERS, TUNNEL KILN................................. 1 E x c lu d e s h o lid a y s , 2 In c lu d e s r a te ly . 3 I n c lu d e s e ra te d . ends, N um ber of w o rk ers A v e r age h o u rly e a rn in g s M id d le A tla n tic N um ber of w o rk ers 21 11 139 48 10 267 977 18 357 160 553 314 131 108 21 605 1 15 123 44 139 1,211 454 337 672 181 19 386 511 37 619 28 70 $3.31 3 . 18 3.30 4.54 3.09 3.19 3 . 29 3.46 3 . 17 2.70 3.84 3.9 4 4.14 3. 20 4.36 3.47 4.02 4 . 22 4.18 3.53 3 . 18 3.76 3 . 47 3.59 3 . 68 2.95 3.43 3. 66 3.64 3.51 3.08 3 . 41 10 25 26 85 11 7 78 70 55 10 90 68 10 66 9 30 40 9 14 - 242 276 66 997 49 1,006 3.44 3.64 3.09 3.22 3.36 3.51 14 16 87 100 - p re m iu m p a y f o r o v e r tim e an d f o r w o rk on w e e k an d la te s h ifts . d a t a f o r r e g i o n s i n a d d i t i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d l e s s of s iz e an d ty p e of tr u c k op A v e r age h o u rly e a rn in g s $3.54 3.56 3.6 9 3.9 7 3.73 3.09 4.8 5 4.8 4 4.4 0 4.01 4.25 4.34 3.55 4.16 4.77 4.43 3.9 2 3.5 5 3.96 ~ ~ 3.9 6 3.63 4.01 4.30 U n ite d S ta te s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , B o r d e r S ta te s S o u th e a s t A v e r age h o u rly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk ers 17 21 33 42 5 139 83 71 29 - 26 11 $3.27 3.27 3.07 2.77 3.59 3.34 3.75 2.71 3 . 19 3.53 3.57 3.46 3.16 3.27 10 191 50 35 26 44 2 139 229 73 125 58 325 15 17 4.11 3.31 3.78 3.87 3.40 • 2.71 3.01 3.4 2 3.20 3.07 2.6 5 3.24 3.00 2.68 84 85 3.12 3.49 123 170 33 3 20 46 6 3,08 3.43 2.87 3.00 3.14 N um ber of w o rk ers - 7 93 35 14 48 6 13 130 23 42 18 35 - A v e r age h o u rly e a rn in g s S o u th w e s t N um ber of w o rk ers - $2.73 4.54 - N O T E : D a s h e s in d ic a te s m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a . - 2.99 3.0 7 2.91 2.53 3.15 3.00 - no d a ta 31 66 125 74 31 58 48 164 16 20 20 0 24 68 22 78 84 132 9 92 31 169 G reat L akes A v e r age h o u rly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk ers 34 7 76 136 11 53 13 161 83 68 A v e r age h o u rly e a rn in g s 3.25 2.82 87 12 11 185 166 59 95 39 55 44 11 28 7 $3.64 4.22 3.45 3.67 3.69 3.62 3.46 4.39 4.43 4.4 5 3.78 4.01 3.86 3.92 4.23 3.68 3.88 3.86 3.95 4.17 3.78 3.82 3.98 3.36 3.02 2.71 13 7 143 3.81 3.69 3.6 5 $2.56 - 2 .67 2.72 2.77 2.30 2.70 - 2.56 2.88 3.35 2.51 2.88 3.31 3.81 3.26 2 .85 2.95 - - 94 S e p te m b e r 1975) - - 3.09 re p o rte d - o r d a ta 148 - 4.11 th a t do n o t Table 9. Occupational averages: Ceramic wall and floor tile (N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1 9 7 5 ) 123 United States 2 Occupation CL AT MAKERS............................................................... DIE PRESSERS............................................................ DRY-PAN OPERATORS............................................... ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE......................... F I N I S H E R S .................................................................... F I RE R S, TUNNEL KILN......................................... GLAZING-MACHINE FEEDERS............................... GRINDERS, CLAY....................................................... JANITORS....................................................................... KILN SETTERS AND DRAWERS............................ SETTERS AND DRAWERS.................................... MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE............................... MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL................. MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE.................................... MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE................................. OFF BEARERS............................................................... PACKAGING-MACHINE OPERATORS................... PACKERS......................................................................... PATTERN MOUNTERS.................................................. PLACERS, TUNNEL KILN....................................... PRESS OPERATORS.................................................... PUGMILL OPERATORS............................................... SORTERS, T I L E ......................................................... SPRAY-HACEINE OPERATORS ( G L A ZI NG ). . TRUCKDRIVERS?......................................................... MEDIUM ( 1 - 1 / 2 TO 4 T O N S ) ...................... TRUCKERS, HAND....................................................... TRUCKERS, EOWER (FO R KL IF T) ...................... TRUCKERS, POWER (EXCEPT F O R K L I F T ) . . UNLCADERS, TUNNEL KILN................................. Num ber of w ork ers 50 191 21 38 204 176 94 21 87 17 17 36 89 13 119 255 1C 156 275 199 139 31 521 148 23 12 15 1 10 26 150 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r tim e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , a n d la te s h ifts . 2 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a ra te ly . 3 I n c lu d e s a l l d r i v e r s r e g a r d l e s s o f s iz e a n d A ver age hourly earn in g s $3.47 3.52 3.80 4.57 3.08 3.54 3.52 3.59 2.95 3.35 3.35 5.00 3.52 4.66 4.46 3.26 3.60 3.20 3.21 3.55 3.37 3.77 3.25 3.74 3.52 3.35 3.15 3.56 3.26 3.36 ty p e Southwest M iddle A tlantic Numbe r of w ork ers _ 17 43 21 - 45 26 40 - 11 11 of tru c k A ver age h ourly earn in g s U n ite d S ta te s a n d Num ber of w ork ers _ $4.02 4 . 16 3.23 - 4.66 3.47 3.93 - 3.94 3.4 5 10 42 7 91 36 24 30 25 64 17 63 - 84 30 6 12 16 A ver age h ourly earn in gs $2.95 3.11 4.34 2.44 2.63 2.59 - 3.13 4.32 3 . 17 2.38 2.79 - 2.45 3.07 2.78 3.07 2.68 G reat Lakes Num - A v e r ber age of hourly w ork e a rn ers ings _ 66 10 32 6 7 - $ 3 .66 2.78 3.22 3.44 3.0 4 - - - 15 54 - 3.48 3.71 - 15 135 39 12 11 38 - - 3.56 3.59 3.78 3.31 3.31 3.52 - o p e ra te d . N O T E : D a s h e s in d ic a t e no da ta r e p o r t e d da ta that d o not m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a . or ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s , a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1 9 7 5 ) 123 U n ite d S ta te s 2 O c c u p a tio n CLAY MAKERS............................................................... DIE PRESSERS............................................................. DRY-PAN 0PEBAT0BS............................................... ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE......................... F I N I S H E R S .................................................................... F I BE R S, PERIODIC K IL N .................................... FI R E R S, TUNNEL KILN.......................................... GRINDERS, CLAY....................................................... JANITORS....................................................................... KILN SETTERS AND DRAWERS............................ SETTERS.................................................................... DRAWERS.................................................................... SETTERS AND DRAWERS.................................... MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE.............................. MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL................. MECHANICS, ADT0M0TIVE.................................... MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE................................. HOLDERS, BAND.......................................................... MOLDING-MACHINE OPERATORS......................... OFF BEARERS............................................................... PACKAGING-MACHINE OPERATORS................... PACKERS.......................................................................... PLACERS, TUNNEL KILN....................................... POWER-SHOVEL OPERATORS................................. PRESS OPERATORS.................................................... PUGMILL OPERATORS............................................... TRUCKDRIVERS 3.......................................................... MEDIUM ( 1 - 1 / 2 TO 4 T O N S ) ...................... HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, OTHER)................. TRUCKERS, HAND....................................................... TRUCKERS, POWER (FORKLIFT) ...................... TRUCKERS, POWER (EXCEPT F C R K L IF T ). . UNLOADERS, TUNNEL KI LN ................................. N um ber of w o rk e rs 111 344 1 05 85 98 141 223 117 56 2 89 136 1 20 33 148 285 36 210 150 27 171 41 100 158 22 27 2 102 71 37 21 2C 437 92 215 M id d le A t la n tic A v e ra g e N u m b er of h o u rly e a rn in g s w o rk e rs $4.90 4.62 4.64 5.56 4.06 4.0 5 4.57 4.39 4.34 5 . 17 5.19 5.45 4.06 5.43 4.93 5.27 5.38 5.72 5 . 10 5.30 4.63 3.96 4 . 94 4.72 5.33 4.68 4.98 4.41 5.30 4.54 4.76 4 . 74 6.13 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r tim e an d fo r on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , an d la te s h ifts . 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s in a d d i t i o n s t o t h o s e show n s e p a ra te ly . 3 In c lu d e s a l l d r i v e r s r e g a r d l e s s of s i z e a n d ty p e 26 67 33 14 58 43 19 13 146 76 57 18 68 8 42 16 10 80 20 22 88 63 43 4. 4. 4. 4. 6. 5. 6. 38 73 68 37 07 90 67 5. 35 4 . '87 5 . 10 5 . 74 5 . 18 4 . 74 5 . 68 4 . 28 - 62 30 13 9 103 21 23 of tru c k G reat L akes A v e ra g e N u m b e r h o u rly of e a rn in g s w o r k e rs $5. 4. 4. 5. 5 . 39 5 . 04 4 . 67 4 . 61 4 . 81 4 . 54 6 . 25 U n ite d S ta te s 20 90 15 14 38 21 85 25 9 53 17 19 9 64 34 23 13 25 58 32 34 14 8 61 - 46 M id d le W e s t A v e ra g e N u m b er A ver age h o u rly of h o u rly e a rn in g s w o r k e rs e a rn in g s $4.50 4.41 3.97 5.54 4.60 4.14 4.07 4.29 3.78 4.68 4.75 5.47 4.89 4.42 5.14 4.83 5.2 2 4.22 4.38 4.70 4.51 5.48 4.18 4.62 - 5* 00 Table 10. Occupational averages: Clay refractories 36 107 41 37 9 36 32 23 77 66 17 77 54 48 $ 5 .20 5.44 4.97 5.58 5.15 5.08 4.85 4.48 . 5.63 5.65 5.38 5.40 5.95 5.10 - - - _ - - 17 26 19 154 47 65 _ _ 5.23 4.73 4.68 _ 5.09 4.86 6.31 o p e ra te d . w o rk N O T E : D a s h e s in d ic a t e d n o da ta that d o not m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a . rep orted or data Table 11. Occupational averages: Clay sewer pipe (N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a t i o n s , U n ite d S t a te s a n d G r e a t L a k e s , S e p t e m b e r 19 7 5 ) O cc u p a tio n 0 ) C l a y n a k ? r s ............................................................ D i e p r e s s e r s ......................................................... D r y - p a n o p e r a t o r s ........................................... E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a i n t e n a n c e .................. P i n i s h e r s .................................................................. F i r e r s , p e r i o d i c k i l n ............................... P i r e r s , t u n n e l k i l n ............... .................... G r i n d e r s , c l a y ................................................... J a n i t o r s ....................................... . .......................... K i l n s e t t e r s a n d d r a w e r s 2 / ................ S e t t e r s .................................................................. D r a w e r s .................................................................. M a c h i n i s t s , m a i n t e n a n c e ........................ M ain ten an ce w o rk e rs, g e n e r a l . . . . M e c h a n i c s , a u t o m o t i v e ............................... M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e . . . . ............... H o l d e r s , h a n d ...................................................... O f f b e a r e r s ............................................................ P a c k a g i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ............. P l a c e r s , t u n n e l k i l n .................................. P o w e r - s h o v e l o p e r a t o r s ........................... P r e s s o p e r a t o r s ................................................ P u g m i l l o p e r a t o r s ........................................... Tr u c k d r i v e r s ^ / ................................................... L i g h t ........................................................................ M e d i u i t ..................................................................... Heavy l o v e r 4 t o n s , t r a i l e r t y p e ........................................................................ H e a v y ( o v e r 4 t o n s , o t h e r ............. T r u c k e r s , h a n d ................................................... T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( f o r k l i f t ) ................ T ru ck ers, power (except f o r k l i f t ) .................................................................. U n l o a d e r s , t u n n e l k i l n ............................ 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s . 2 In c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . U nited Humber of w orkers S ta te s A verage ho u r l y earn in g s G reat Number of w orkers _ 11 8 Lakes A verage h o u rly earn in g s _ 7 34 47 30 16 116 109 30 19 440 202 185 14 103 58 46 49 138 27 114 14 83 49 79 8 24 $3 .8 3 4 .1 7 3 .6 5 4 .5 1 4 .5 3 3 .7 8 3 .7 7 3 .4 9 3 .5 0 4 .61 4 .7 2 4 .6 8 4 .5 0 4 .3 2 4 .4 4 4 .5 6 4 . 19 3 .9 6 3 .8 9 3 .9 8 4 .3 1 3 .8 8 4 .0 8 4 .5 1 3 .8 1 3 .9 8 48 27 7 217 92 77 47 19 14 52 22 20 15 8 6 - 21 26 25 421 5 .6 7 4.2 6 3 .4 9 3 .8 0 112 3.72 17 83 3 .6 9 4 .0 9 22 4 .5 0 - $3.5 4 4 .7 2 - 3.76 4.1 1 3.8 1 5 .0 9 5 .45 5 .3 4 4 .8 0 4 .3 6 4 .7 8 4 .0 7 4 .3 0 4 .0 0 4 .5 8 3 .6 9 3 .6 7 - N O T E : D a s h e s in d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r t e d o r d a ta t h a t do n o t m e e t p u b l ic a ti o n c r i t e r i a . Table 12. Occupational averages: By labor-management contract coverage and size of community ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in s t r u c t u r a l c la y p r o d u c t s m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p te m b e r 1975) G re a t L akes S o u th w e s t S o u th e a s t M id d le A t l a n t i c U n ite d S t a t e s 2 U n ite d S t a te s E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith — O c c u p a tio n a n d s iz e o f c o m m u n ity CLAY MAKERS..................................................................... METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AR EAS.............................. D I E P R E S S E R S ................................................................. METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AREAS.............................. DRY-PAN OPE RA TOR S................................................... METROPOLITAN ARE AS....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AREAS.............................. E L E C T R I C I A N S , MAINTENANCE........................... METROPOLITAN AR EAS ...................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AREAS.............................. F I N I S H E R S .......................................................................... METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AREAS.............................. F I R E R S , P E R I O D I C K I L N ....................................... METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONHETROPOLITAN AREAS.............................. F I R E R S , TONNEL K I L N ............................................. METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONHETROPOLITAN AREAS.............................. GL AZI NG -MA CH IN E F E E D E R S ................................. METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... G R IN D E R S , CLAY........................................................... METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONHETROPOLITAN AREAS .............................. J A N I T O R S ............................................................................. METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONHETROPOLITAN AREAS.............................. K I L N S ET TE R S AND DRAHERS.............................. METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONHETROPOLITAN AREAS.............................. S E T T E R S .......................................................................... METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONHETROPOLITAN ARE AS.............................. DRANERS.......................................................................... METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONHETROPOLITAN AREAS.............................. S E T T E R S AND DRANERS....................................... METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONHETROPOLITAN AREAS .............................. M A C H I N I S T S , MAINTENANCE................................. METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONHETROPOLITAN AR EAS .............................. MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL.................. METROPCLITAN AREAS....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AREAS.............................. ME CH AN ICS, AUTOMOTIVE....................................... METROPCLITAN AREAS...................................... NONHETROPOLITAN AREAS.............................. S e e fo o t n o t e s at en d o f ta b le . N one o r m in o r it y M a jo r it y N o n e o r m in o r i t y N o n e o r m i n o r i t y M a jo r it y N one o r m in o r ity M a jo r it y M a jo r it y c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e o f o f h o u r ly h o u r ly h o u r ly h o u r ly o f h o u r ly o f h o u r ly of h o u r ly o f h o u r ly o f of w o rk e rs e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s 139 63 76 471 221 250 234 116 118 170 90 80 240 96 144 407 220 187 895 505 390 86 72 330 180 150 208 105 103 987 557 430 525 298 227 384 202 182 78 57 21 209 99 110 669 366 30 3 149 89 6C $ 4 .5 7 4.3 4 4 .7 6 4 . 41 4 .2 8 4 .5 3 4 .0 1 3 .8 7 4 . 14 5 .0 6 5 .0 2 5.11 3 .8 0 3 .6 2 3.9 2 3 .6 6 3 .6 4 3 .6 8 3 .8 3 3 .9 4 3 .7 0 3 .7 0 3.7 4 3 .7 7 3 .8 3 3 .7 0 3 .3 6 3 .4 7 3 .2 5 4 .6 0 4 .5 2 4 .7 0 4 .6 3 4 .7 0 4 .5 4 4 .7 8 4 .5 5 5 .0 4 3 .4 4 3 . 41 3 .5 3 5 .2 2 5 .1 0 5 .3 4 4 . 19 4 .1 2 4 .2 9 4 .5 4 4 .7 3 4 .2 8 50 35 15 111 101 79 36 43 33 16 17 96 85 11 140 69 71 612 242 370 27 25 211 77 134 115 49 66 361 146 215 161 57 104 67 18 49 133 71 11 7 427 188 239 74 45 29 $ 3 .5 8 3 .7 6 3 .1 7 3 .3 0 3 .3 5 3 .3 2 3 .3 6 3 .2 9 4 .4 5 4 . 49 4 .4 0 2 .5 5 2.5 4 2 .6 6 3 .2 3 3 . 11 3 .3 4 3 .1 4 3 . 21 3.0 9 2 .9 3 2 .8 8 3 .0 2 3 .3 9 2 .8 2 2 .6 4 2 .6 8 2 .6 0 3 .7 5 3 . 49 3 .9 2 3 .7 4 3 .4 8 3.8 8 4 . 12 3 .7 2 4 . 26 3 .5 8 3 .4 4 4 .6 4 4 . 97 3 .5 4 3 .7 4 3 .3 9 4 .0 1 4 .2 0 3 .7 2 26 20 “ 76 28 48 59 34 25 30 16 14 48 29 " 99 58 41 159 131 28 * 32 20 12 39 26 13 286 185 1 01 172 116 56 101 58 43 ~ $ 4 .9 2 4 .48 4 .9 6 5.4 1 4 .7 0 4.2 1 4.21 4 .2 2 5 .1 1 5.1 1 5 . 12 3 .9 3 3 .7 9 4 .0 8 4 .0 2 4 .1 6 4.2 9 4 .3 2 4.1 1 4 .3 0 4 .1 6 4 .5 4 3 .6 0 3.4 8 3 .8 4 5.1 7 5.11 5 .2 8 5 .0 9 5 .1 2 5 .0 5 5 .3 9 . 5 .2 3 5.61 - ~ 37 ~ 13 126 91 35 11 7 ~ 5 .16 ~ 5 .3 7 4 .5 8 4 .4 5 4 .9 2 4 .8 7 4 .5 0 12 27 17 15 28 19 9 15 11 41 37 215 127 88 64 39 25 62 21 89 76 .34 29 26 “ 38 29 9 12 5 91 34 28 16 12 $ 4 .5 7 3 .3 6 3 .4 1 3 .5 3 5 .0 4 5 .1 0 4 .9 2 3.1 6 3 .0 7 3 .2 3 3 .1 8 3 .4 6 3 .5 9 3 .2 6 3 .1 7 3 .3 6 2 .8 8 2 .8 7 3 .3 9 3 . 18 3 .1 7 3 .0 4 3 .0 0 3 .2 7 - 13 23 7 20 7 13 19 315 116 199 7 7 95 29 66 63 21 42 29 21 11 11 - - - ~ - 4 .8 9 5 .0 6 4 .3 4 3 .4 1 3 .4 5 3 .3 0 4 .1 1 4 .5 3 3 .5 5 119 47 72 39 20 19 $ 3.42 3 .3 6 3 .0 8 4 .4 5 4 .3 5 4 .51 2 .9 3 3 .1 3 3.10 3 .1 5 2.77 2 .7 7 2 .9 9 3 .1 7 2 .9 2 2 .7 4 2 .7 6 2 .7 2 2 .7 7 2 .6 6 2.5 9 2 .5 7 3 .6 2 3 .8 3 3 .4 8 3 .8 6 3.9 2 3 .7 9 12 9 “ 63 57 “ 20 9 11 8 7 $ 3.00 3 .2 6 ~ 3 .3 4 3.4 6 ~ 2 .8 5 2 .9 1 2 .8 0 4 .2 1 4 .4 0 - " 51 35 ” 108 34 74 " 59 11 38 21 17 54 42 ~ 2 .7 6 2 .6 5 2 .6 8 3 .0 6 2.5 1 ~ 2.7 0 3 .5 4 2.42 2 .5 8 2.2 2 2 .8 6 2 .9 1 - - - - 44 " 2 .7 5 “ “ “ 40 ~ 19 1 62 “ 68 46 ~ 29 37 ~ 16 57 ~ ~ 115 ~ 68 204 ~ 98 21 ” 72 ~ 29 35 “ 20 287 ~ 1 78 1 45 ” 84 125 $ 4 .0 4 - - “ 4.1 6 4 . 12 ~ 4 .10 3 .7 4 3 .5 5 4 .73 5 .0 3 4 .2 3 ~ ~ 3 . 65 3 .51 3 .8 8 ~ 3.8 7 3.64 ” ~ ~ 15 ” 13 $ 3 .5 1 ~ 3 .5 3 ~ ~ ~ 34 ~ 22 76 “ 60 ~ ~ 3.7C — 3.75 3 .5 2 ~ 3 .5 5 “ ~ 3 .8 0 " 3 .7 3 3 . 47 3 .8 2 21 " 7 3 .5 8 3 .5 0 5 .1 0 157 ~ 4 .2 0 4 .8 1 5 .2 6 147 55 4.2 1 4.2 2 4 .9 2 5 . 14 55 44 4 .2 2 4 .4 3 44 4 .4 3 ~ 84 17 4 . 90 3 .4 4 “ ~ ~ 17 4.6 9 ~ 8 113 ” 68 34 4 .80 4 .2 2 100 4 .2 0 4 .2 6 64 - 13 4 .1 4 ~ “ 150 64 86 15 11 - 2 .9 4 3 .3 5 2.6 3 3 .8 0 3 .9 8 — " 4 .1 3 4.2 3 ~ Table 12. Occupational averages: By labor-management contract coverage and size of community—Continued (N u m b er and a v e ra g e an d s e le c te d re g io n s , s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s i n s t r u c t u r a l c la y p r o d u c t s m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , S e p t e m b e r 1975) U n ited S t a t e s 2 M id d le A t l a n t i c j S o u th e a s t U n ite d S t a te s S o u th w e s t G re a t L ak es E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith — O c c u p a tio n a n d s iz e o f c o m m u n ity MECH AN ICS, MAINTENANCE.................................... METROPOLITAN AR EAS ....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AR EA S .............................. MOLDERS, HAND............................................................... METROPOLITAN AREAS........................................ NONMETROPOLITAN AR EAS ............................ MOLDING-MACHINE OP ER AT OR S ......................... METROPOLITAN AR EAS .................................... NONMETROPOLITAN ARE AS ............................ OFF BE AR E RS ................................................................ METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN A R EA S .............................. PACKA GING-MACHINE OP ER A TO R S ..................... METROPCLITAN AR EAS ....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AR EA S .............................. PA C K E R S................................................................................. METROPCLITAN AREAS ....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AR EAS .............................. PATTERN MOUNTERS .................................................. METROPOLITAN AR EAS .................................... P L A C E R S , TUNNEL K I L N ....................................... METROPOLITAN AREAS .................................... NONMETROPOLITAN A R EA S............................... POWER-SHOVEL OP ER A TO R S .................................... METROPCLITAN AREAS ....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AR EAS .............................. PR ES S OP ERATOR S ......................................................... METROPCLITAN AREAS ....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AR EAS .............................. P U 3 M I L L OPE RA TOR S ................................................... METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AR EAS .............................. S O R T E R S , B R IC K ............................................................ METROPCLITAN AR EAS ....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AR EAS .............................. S O R T E R S , T I L E ............................................................... METROPOLITAN AR EAS ....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AR EA S ............................ SPR AY -MA CH INE OPERATORS ( G L A Z I N G ) . . METROPOLITAN ARE AS .................................... NONMETROPOLITAN A R EA S ............................ TR UC K DR IV ER S.................................................................. METROPOLITAN AR EA S ....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AR EAS .............................. L IG H T (UNDER 1 - 1 / 2 T O N S ) ........................ METROPOLITAN AR EAS ....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN AR EA S .............................. MEDIUM ( 1 - 1 / 2 TO 4 T O N S ) ........................ METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONMETROPOLITAN A R EA S .............................. S e e f o o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b le , M a jo rity N one o r m in o rity M a jo r it y M a jo r it y ]N one o r m i n o r i t y ]None o r m i n o r i t y M a jo r it y N o n e o r m in o r i t y c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r i \ v e r a g e N u m b e r j A v e ra g e N u m b e r i A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e of h o u r ly of of of h o u r ly h o u r ly of h o u r ly h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s ■ w o r k e r s <w a rn in g s w o r k e r s <e a r n in g s w o r k e r s <e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s 24 $ 4 .3 7 $ 5 .0 5 97 $ 4 .4 5 $ 4 .7 6 79 443 $ 4 .8 6 $ 4 .2 4 61 71 5 .0 5 65 286 4 .8 6 4 .7 9 27 4 .2 9 60 16 4 .1 5 5 .0 6 32 23 4 .8 1 157 4 .8 7 34 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 48 5 .5 3 25 $ 4 .2 8 4 .5 0 21 5 .3 2 4 .0 3 191 72 26 4 .2 6 39 4 .6 8 87 4 .7 6 4 .0 0 57 21 15 4 .1 8 104 5 .7 9 15 4 .1 8 20 3 . 4 7 20 $ 2 .5 1 14 4 . 5 7 3 . 5 4 3 .3 8 24 73 4 .2 3 3 .4 7 109 11 14 3 .1 6 20 4 .2 8 2 .5 1 11 3 .1 6 35 4 .3 4 3 . 42 85 8 6 4 . 19 3 .4 2 21 38 24 3 .6 4 4 .1 2 224 2 .6 1 188 4 .7 5 2 .7 5 198 4 . 19 86 3 .5 1 2 .8 2 223 1 , 101 3 .8 5 2 .8 3 690 249 55 2 .8 2 74 4 .6 4 2 .9 1 104 2 .7 6 3 .7 0 283 2 .8 2 69C 218 169 2 .5 4 114 4 .8 8 2 .6 4 94 4 .5 5 3 .8 4 41 1 3 .3 0 66 4 .1 1 77 2 . 83 407 31 92 3 .0 8 10 4 .5 9 2 .9 9 59 4 .4 1 2 .9 0 124 341 4 .0 7 3 .4 1 195 50 49 3 .1 1 6 3 .0 5 4 .5 7 57 4 .1 3 2 .9 1 248 3 .5 1 121 34 43 3 .0 4 13 2 .8 7 4 .2 5 93 3 .9 1 3 .2 6 74 16 72 3 .0 4 4 .2 2 42 2 .8 7 3 .9 6 332 3 .8 5 3 .1 6 98 289 50 8 3 .1 3 58 3 . 13 4 .0 5 34 198 3 .8 7 3 .1 6 121 “ 4 .3 4 49 134 3 .8 4 3 .1 6 168 64 3 .1 7 140 2 .9 8 64 3 . 17 1 20 2 .8 8 204 3 .2 9 108 4 .2 6 2 .5 8 88 4 .1 2 55 3 .6 6 3 .5 0 184 782 4 .1 5 383 3 .1 3 151 6 4 3 . 1 6 28 2 . 7 7 4 .5 1 69 3 .4 1 439 4 .2 8 3 .0 2 110 49 140 3 .3 5 3 .5 4 94 4 .1 1 53 343 3 .6 9 3 . 17 3 .9 9 273 102 3 .4 3 30 15 4 .8 8 3 .2 1 13 4 .0 0 17 36 3 .1 5 3 .7 C 144 3 . 84 80 3 .8 2 47 6 3 .1 9 6 4 .7 8 3 .1 4 10 93 3 .7 4 3 . 14 3 .2 3 17 45 24 3 .4 9 9 3 .2 6 3 .8 6 51 4 .0 1 63 22 3 . 98 39 3 .7 6 47 4 .9 6 96 2 .6 7 4 .3 5 384 4 .8 5 4 .5 1 39 135 3 .4 0 37 32 5 .0 8 2 .8 3 75 175 4 .8 6 3 . 17 61 23 3 .7 1 4 .7 7 209 4 .8 3 22 74 3 .5 9 72 3 .0 9 49 4 .6 9 2 .7 9 62 4 .2 6 33 367 4 .0 0 3 .0 3 89 3 .8 4 2 16 3 .2 9 56 23 3 . 13 19 2 . 8 8 4 . 6 8 42 3 . 0 3 206 3 .4 1 4 .1 0 87 33 49 3 .0 7 30 2 .7 3 4 .7 1 20 45 4 .2 6 29 3 .0 2 4 .0 2 161 3 .8 7 3 . 21 129 23 45 2 .3 0 56 4 .4 0 2 .7 9 30 38 4 .4 4 347 4 .1 7 2 .6 6 179 30 4 .4 0 292 4 .2 3 75 2 .8 7 4 5 2 .3 0 55 3 . 84 104 2 .5 1 67 3 .0 3 48 2 .3 9 3 .5 8 300 3 .4 2 3 .0 6 233 79 49 2 .9 4 1 93 3 .4 8 2 .8 2 88 107 3 .3 0 145 3 .2 0 22 3 .3 4 17 4 .1 1 3 .0 9 33 3 .8 7 3 .4 3 3 .8 0 124 63 3 . 44 42 19 16 3 .3 5 4 .1 1 33 89 3 .4 4 3 .9 8 37 35 3 .5 8 26 3 .4 4 3 . 3 4 2 0 5 9 9 4 . 3 0 3 . 4 0 31 4 . 2 4 3 . 1 2 17 404 45 3 .6 6 4 .0 0 390 3 .4 7 135 85 3 .4 9 32 4 . 19 3 .1 7 25 3 .0 2 248 4 .2 7 3 .6 1 181 63 3 .2 4 120 4 .7 4 6 4 .8 3 17 17 3 .6 6 156 3 .2 1 3 .5 7 209 3 .3 5 72 ' ~ 3 .6 7 3 .0 4 31 3.33 8 3 .2 1 11 ~ 2 .9 4 ” ~ 16 3 . 27 9 15 3 .4 0 8 2 .9 3 3 .7 8 19 92 3 .8 3 3 .6 3 3 .0 8 51 21 3 .0 5 55 3 .8 1 3 .8 7 31 18 3 .5 3 7 37 3 .8 7 3 .2 5 20 ~ ' " _ 6 _ L _ L I Table 12. Occupational averages: By labor-management contract coverage and size of community—Continued ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in s t r u c t u r a l c la y p r o d u c t s m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p te m b e r 1975) U n ite d S ta te s 2 O c c u p a tio n a n d s iz e o f c o m m u n ity T R UC K DB IV EB S— CONTINUED HEAVY (OVER 4 T O S S , T R A I L E R T Y P E ) ..................................................... METROPOLITAN AR EAS ...................................... NONMETBOPOLITAN AREAS .............................. HEAVY (OVER 4 TO NS, O T H E R ) .................. METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NON METROPOLITAN AREAS .............................. TR UC K ER S , HAND........................................................... METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONMETBOPOLITAN AREAS.............................. TR U C K ER S , PONER ( F O R K L I F T ) ........................ METROPOLITAN AR EAS ...................................... NONMETBOPOLITAN AREAS.............................. T R U C K E R S , PONER (EXCEPT F O R K L I F T ) . . METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONMETBOPOLITAN AR EAS .............................. UNLOADER S, TUNNEL K I L N ................................... METROPOLITAN AREAS....................................... NONMETBOPOLITAN AREAS.............................. 1 E x clu d e s p r e m iu m M id d le A tla n tic S o u th e a s t U n ite d S ta te s S o u th w e s t G re a t L ak es E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith — M a jo T ity N one o r m i n o r i t y M a jo r it y M a jo r it y N o n e o r m i n o r i t y N o n e o r m in o r i t y M a jo r it y lMone o r m in o r it y cove re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m be r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e of of of h o u r ly h o u r ly h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s 107 74 166 98 68 92 61 31 1 ,3 6 6 766 600 163 85 78 927 485 442 $ 4 .3 0 5 .0 5 4.0 2 4 . 12 3 .8 7 3 .6 5 3 .4 3 4 .0 9 3 .9 6 3 .9 6 3 .9 7 4 .21 4 .0 7 4 .3 6 4 .3 2 4.5 5 4 .0 6 169 50 119 162 97 65 34 21 615 239 376 24 9 15 565 203 362 p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , $ 3 .3 5 3 .2 1 3 .4 2 3 .5 6 3 .7 3 3 .3 0 2.7 5 2 .6 0 3 .1 3 3 .3 5 2 .9 9 3 .0 2 2 .7 6 3 . 18 3 . 24 3 .1 5 3. 29 h o l id a y s , - - - - 22 20 - 21 21 205 132 73 37 17 20 130 89 41 and - $4 .2 5 4.2 1 - 3.9 1 3 .9 1 4 .4 1 4.3 8 4 .4 7 4 . 14 4 .0 2 4 .2 4 4 .6 7 4 .8 0 4 .4 0 69 23 46 '237 1 47 90 14 13 240 83 157 2 I n c lu d e s $ 3 .3 8 3 .1 3 3 .5 0 3 .2 5 3 .3 8 3 .0 3 3 .5 4 3 .5 5 3 .1 5 3 .3 6 3.0 5 da ta f o r 89 32 57 104 49 55 267 84 183 18 - 13 330 143 187 $ 3 .2 5 3 .2 3 3.2 6 3.4 7 3 .6 8 3 .2 9 3 .01 2 .9 9 3 .0 2 3 .0 7 3 .2 6 3 .18 3 . 18 3 .1 8 16 - $3 .0 6 - 15 $5 .1 6 _ - - - - - - _ _ _ - 132 43 6 99 17 82 r e g i o n s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e 2 .67 3.0 6 2 .8 7 3 .1 1 2 .75 3 .1 9 17 6 282 3 .61 3 .7 6 3 .8 6 - 128 23 8 207 - 101 - 3.8 8 3 .70 4 .16 4.3 0 - 4 .22 76 52 _ _ _ 63 _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 3.69 3 .69 _ 3.8 4 - 63 sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . N O T E : D a s h e s in d ic a t e n o data r e p o r t e d o r da ta that d o n o t m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a . 3 .8 4 Table 13. Occupational averages: By labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s i n s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in s t r u c t u r a l c la y p r o d u c t s m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , U n ite d S t a te s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1975) G reat L ak es S o u th w e s t S o u th e a s t M id d le A t l a n t i c U n ite d S t a t e s 2 E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith — O c c u p a tio n a n d s i z e of e s ta b lis h m e n t CLAY MAKEBS...................................................................... 2 0 - 9 9 SO RK EB S....................................................... 1 0 0 SOBKEBS OB KOBE..................................... D I E P B E S S E B S .................................................................. 2 0 - 9 9 SORKERS ................................................... 1 0 0 SOBKEBS OB HOBE..................................... DRY-PAN OPEBA TOBS.................................................... 2 0 - 9 9 SO RKE RS ................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OB HOBE..................................... E L E C T R I C I A N S , MAINTENANCE ......................... 2 0 - 9 9 S O B KE B S .................................................. 1 0 0 SOBKEBS OB HOBE .................................. F I N I S H E R S ...................................................................... 2 0 - 9 9 SOBKE BS ................................................... 1 0 0 SOBKEBS OB HOBE .................................. F I B E R S , P E R I O D I C K I L N ..................................... 2 0 - 9 9 SO BK EB S ................................................... 1 0 0 SOBKEBS OB HOBE .................................. F I B E B S , TUNNEL K I L N .............................................. 2 0 - 9 9 SO BK E RS ...................................................... 1 0 0 SOBKEBS OB HOBE..................................... GLA ZIN G-M AC HIN E F E E D E R S ................................. 2 0 - 9 9 SO BK ER S....................................................... 1 0 0 SCBKEBS OB HOBE..................................... G R IN D E R S , CLAY............................................................. 2 0 - 9 9 SO BK EB S....................................................... 1 0 0 SOBKERS OR HOBE..................................... J A N I T O R S ............................................................................... 2 0 - 9 9 SO BK ER S....................................................... 1 0 0 SOBKEBS OB HORE ..................................... K IL N SE T T E R S AND DRAR ERS............................... 2 0 - 9 9 SO BKEB S....................................................... 1 0 0 SOBKERS OB HOBE..................................... S E T T E R S ............................................................................ 2 0 - 9 9 SO BK E RS ....................................................... 1 0 0 SOBKEBS OB HORE..................................... D R A S E B S ........................................................................... 2 0 - 9 9 SO RK EB S....................................................... 1 0 0 SOBKEBS OB HO RE ..................................... S ET TE R S AND DB AS EB S........................................ 2 0 - 9 9 SO BKER S....................................................... 1 0 0 SOBKEBS OB HOBE..................................... M A C H I N I S T S , MAINTENANCE.................................. 2 0 - 9 9 SOBKE BS....................................................... 1 0 0 SORKEBS OR HOBE .................................... HAINTENANCE SO RK EB S, GE NE R AL .................. 2 0 - 9 9 SO R KE B S ...................................................... 1 0 0 SOBKEBS OB HORE ..................................... MECH AN ICS, AUTOMOTIVE........................................ 2 0 - 9 9 SO BKE RS....................................................... 1 0 0 SOBKEBS OB HOBE..................................... S ee fo o t n o t e s a t en d o f t a b l e . N o n e o r im in o r it y M a jo r i t y N o n e o r m i n o r i t y N one o r m in o r i t y M a jo r it y N o n e o r m in o r i t y M a jo r it y N o n e o r m in o r it y M a jo r it y cove re d cove re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v erag e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e of of h o u r ly h o u r ly h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly h o u r ly of h o u r ly of of w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s 139 46 93 471 165 306 234 110 124 170 41 129 240 64 176 407 268 139 895 487 408 86 23 330 190 140 208 73 135 987 631 356 525 353 172 384 237 147 78 41 209 51 158 669 354 315 149 58 91 $ 4 .5 7 4 . 16 4 .7 7 4 . 41 4 .0 4 4 .6 2 4.0 1 3 .5 4 4 .4 2 5 .0 6 5 .0 4 5 .0 7 3 .8 0 4 .1 2 3 .6 8 3 .6 6 3 .5 1 3 .9 5 3 .8 3 3 .7 3 3 .9 6 3 .7 0 3 .3 5 3 .7 7 3 .6 7 3 .9 1 3 .3 6 3 .3 5 3 .3 6 4 .6 0 4 .4 5 4 .8 5 4 .6 3 4 .4 5 5.0 1 4 .7 8 4 .6 6 4 .9 9 3 .4 4 3 .3 2 5 .2 2 4 .9 8 5 .3 0 4 .1 9 4 .0 4 4 .3 7 4 .5 4 4 .3 7 4 .6 5 50 37 13 11 1 60 51 79 66 13 33 8 25 96 38 140 127 612 426 186 27 8 19 211 1 37 74 115 53 62 361 283 78 161 128 67 43 133 112 21 11 8 427 268 159 74 31 43 $ 3 .5 8 3 .5 5 3 .6 6 3.3 0 3 .1 8 3 .4 4 3 .3 2 3 .2 7 3 .5 9 4 .4 5 4 .2 3 4.5 2 2 .5 5 2 .6 3 3.2 3 3 .2 0 3 .1 4 3 .0 3 3 .3 8 2 .9 3 3 .0 4 2 .8 9 3 .0 2 3 . 10 2 .8 9 2.6 4 2 .4 8 2 .7 7 3 .7 5 3 .6 2 4 .2 1 3 .7 4 3 .5 3 4 .1 2 4 .0 5 3 . 58 3 .5 6 3 .6 8 4 .6 4 4 .8 5 3 .5 4 3 .6 0 3 .4 5 4.01 4 .0 3 3 .9 9 26 10 16 76 38 38 59 37 22 30 6 24 48 30 99 76 23 159 95 64 32 17 15 39 11 28 286 212 74 172 138 34 10 1 64 37 37 15 126 82 44 11 6 $ 4 .9 2 3 .8 8 5 .5 7 4 .9 6 5 .1 7 4.7 5 4 .21 3.8 8 4 .7 7 5 .1 1 4 .5 8 5 .2 5 3 .9 3 3 .8 3 4 .0 8 4 .0 2 4 .2 8 4 .2 9 4 .0 2 4 .6 8 4 .3 0 3 .8 2 4 .8 5 3.60 3.7 4 3 .55 5 .1 7 5 .3 0 4.8 0 5 .0 9 5 .1 3 4 .9 6 5.3 9 5.81 4.6 6 5 .16 5 .2 0 4 .5 8 4 .5 0 4 .7 5 4 .8 7 4 .9 5 _ _ 12 - ' - - - - - - - - “ 6 27 27 17 6 11 28 10 18 15 15 41 26 215 96 119 64 33 31 62 17 89 57 34 20 26 38 23 125 52 73 28 13 15 $ 4 .5 7 3 .4 3 3 .3 6 3 .3 6 3 .4 1 4 .3 0 2.9 3 5 .0 4 5 .6 4 4 .7 1 3 .1 6 3 .1 6 3 .2 3 3 .5 1 3 .4 6 3 .6 7 3 .2 8 3 .1 7 3 .4 9 2 .8 3 2 .8 7 3 .4 2 3 .1 8 3 .2 4 3 .0 4 3 .1 8 3.2 7 4 .8 9 4 .5 4 3 .4 1 3.8 0 3 .1 4 4 .1 1 3 .7 7 4 .4 1 13 S 3.42 - 3 .3 6 3 .3 4 23 19 - 4 .4 5 20 - - 4.42 2 .9 3 2.89 16 19 8 - 3 .1 3 2 .9 8 3.34 2 .7 7 2.80 2 .9 9 2 .9 0 3 .1 5 2 .74 2 .5 8 2 .8 5 2 .7 7 2 .58 2 .59 2 .5 9 2 .57 2.5 7 3 .62 315 185 130 7 6 95 59 36 63 26 37 29 22 11 11 11 11 119 56 63 39 11 28 3 .3 3 3 .8 7 3 .8 6 3 .5 2 3 .99 i 12 10 63 20 17 $ 3.00 2 .7 6 3 .3 4 2 .8 5 2 .80 " “ 8 4.21 - “ - 51 51 108 98 59 31 38 20 54 46 44 2 .7 6 2 .7 6 2.68 2 .65 2 .7 0 2 .93 2.4 2 2.26 2 .8 6 2 .8 0 2 .7 5 40 22 18 162 79 83 46 31 15 37 13 24 57 36 21 115 72 43 204 145 59 21 • 7 72 53 19 35 26 9 287 154 133 145 72 73 125 72 53 17 $ 4 .0 4 4 .0 8 3 .9 9 4 .1 2 3 .90 4 .3 3 3 .7 4 3 .51 4 .2 1 4 .7 3 4 .7 3 4 .74 4 .2 3 4 .3 8 3 .9 7 3 .6 5 3 .5 1 3.87 3 .8 8 3.7 7 4 .1 5 3 .6 4 3 .7 2 3.8 0 3 .7 7 3 .9 0 3 . 47 3 .4 5 3 .5 3 5 .1 0 4 .7 4 5 .51 5 .2 6 4 .8 7 5 .6 5 5 .14 4 .84 5 .54 3 .4 4 - 150 92 15 8 ~ ~ 2 .9 4 3 .1 0 3 . 80 3.50 ~ 4 .6 9 11 113 97 16 34 14 20 4.9 1 4 .2 2 4 .1 3 4.7 7 4.2 6 4.0 7 I 4 .3 9 1__________ - $ 3 .5 1 3 .4 4 “ " " ~ ~ - “ - 34 21 3.7 0 3 . 8C 76 531 3 .5 2 3 .4 3 “ ~ ~ 21 17 157 107 55 44 ~ ~ 17 - 15 11 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ “ 100 82 • “ ~ 3 .8 2 . 3 .8 6 4 .2 0 4.0 0 4 .2 2 4 .4 3 “ “ “ " * “ - • 4 .1 3 4 .1 5 • - Table 13. Occupational averages: By labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment—Continued ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in s t r u c t u r a l c la y p r o d u c t s m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , U n ite d S ta te s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p te m b e r 1975 O c c u p a tio n a n d s i z e of e s ta b lis h m e n t M EC HA NIC S, MAINTENANCE.................................... 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... 1 0 0 HOBKEBS OB MORE.................................... HO LD ER S, HAND............................................................... 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE ................................. MOLDING-MACHINE OP ER AT OR S ......................... 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS .................................................. 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE.................................... OF F B E A R E R S ...................................................................... 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE.................................... PA CKAGING-M ACHIN E OP ER AT OR S ..................... 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE.................................... P A C KE R S................................................................................. 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE.................................... PATTERN MOUNTERS....................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE.................................... P L A C E R S , TUNNEL K I L N .......................................... 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE.................................... POWER-SHOVEL OP ER A TO R S .................................... 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE.................................... P R E S S OP ER AT OR S ......................................................... 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE.................................... P U GH IL L OPE RA TOR S ................................................... 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE.................................... S O R T E R S , B R IC K ............................................................ 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... S O R T E R S , T I L E ............................................................... 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE.................................... SPR AY -MA CH INE OPERATORS ( G L A Z I N G ) . . 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE.................................... TR UC K DR IV ER S .................................................................. 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE .................................. L IG H T (UNDER 1 - 1 / 2 T O N S ) ........................ 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS...................................................... 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE .................................. MEDIUM ( 1 - 1 / 2 TO 4 T O N S ) ...................... 2 0 - 9 9 WORKERS .................................................. 1 0 0 WORKERS OR MORE.................................... E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith — N one o r m in o r it y N o n e o r m in o r it y N o n e o r m in o r it y M a jo r it y N one o r m in o r i t y M a jo r it y None o r m i n o r i t y M a jo r it y M a jo r it y c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d c o v e re d N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of of w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s $ 4 .4 5 79 97 $ 5 .0 5 71 $ 4 .7 6 24 $ 4 .3 7 $ 4 .2 4 $ 4 .8 6 61 443 3 .9 9 14 ~ 8 " 4 .5 7 24 4 . 19 84 4 .7 0 4 .5 5 65 89 5 .1 0 50 4 .5 5 37 4 .2 7 4 .9 0 359 191 58 133 73 37 36 1 ,101 525 576 341 216 125 332 135 197 782 301 481 144 73 71 384 89 295 367 237 13C 347 156 300 48 252 124 32 92 404 217 187 31 15 16 92 38 54 5 .3 2 4 .5 5 5 .6 6 4.2 3 3 .7 6 4 .7 0 3 .8 5 3 .8 9 3 .8 2 4 .0 7 4 .1 9 3 .8 5 3 .8 5 3 .9 2 3 .8 1 4 .1 5 3 .9 2 4 .3 0 3 .84 3 .9 0 3 .7 7 4 . 85 4 .6 6 4 .9 0 4 .0 0 3 .99 4 .0 2 4 . 17 4 .1 7 3 .4 2 3 . 13 3 .4 7 3 . 87 3 .8 4 3 . 88 4 .0 0 3 .9 6 4 .0 4 3 .3 3 3 .1 9 3 .4 7 3 .8 3 3 .7 9 3 . 86 72 44 109 85 24 690 478 212 195 142 53 289 19 1 98 140 62 383 156 227 80 54 26 135 77 58 216 158 58 179 158 233 60 17 3 63 21 42 390 235 155 8 51 41 10 4 .0 3 4 .2 9 3 .4 7 3 .4 2 3 .6 2 2 .8 3 2 .7 7 2 .9 5 3 . 41 3 .3 7 3 .5 2 3.1 6 3 .0 4 3 .3 9 2 .9 8 3 .5 7 3 . 13 2 .8 5 3 .3 1 3 .8 2 3 .8 5 3 .7 6 3 .4 0 3 .0 5 3 .8 7 3 .2 9 3 .3 3 3 .1 9 2 .6 6 2.6 7 3 .0 6 2 .6 8 3 . 19 3 .4 4 3 .1 7 3.5 8 3 .4 7 3 .3 8 3 .6 1 3 . 21 3 .6 3 3 .7 2 3 .2 4 48 24 14 10 198 142 56 59 48 42 33 88 58 30 13 9 96 35 61 62 46 16 30 - 33 31 11 20 - 4 .4 0 4 .9 6 4 .5 7 4 .3 1 4 .7 5 4 .7 6 4 .7 2 4 .5 9 4 .4 6 4 .2 2 4 .3 7 4 .2 6 3 .9 7 4 .8 3 4 .8 8 4 .8 5 4 .9 6 4 .8 0 5 .0 5 4 .69 4 .6 4 4 .8 1 4 .4 0 - - 26 - - - 7 7 - 3 .7 1 3 .3 8 - - - - - - - - - - - 19 15 135 71 64 11 - - - 4.1 1 4.3 0 4 .1 0 4.4 1 4 .5 0 17 11 $3 .6 5 3 .6 5 • - _________ l S ee f o o t n o t e s a t en d o f ta b le , G reat L akes S o u th w e s t S o u th e a s t M id d le A t l a n t i c U n ite d S t a te s 2 11 249 67 182 50 22 28 50 50 15 1 123 47 6 41 37 56 27 29 - - 21 3 .3 8 2 .8 2 2 .8 9 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 2 2 .8 0 2 .8 7 2 .8 7 3 .5 0 3 .5 0 3 .1 5 3 .1 9 3 .1 4 4 .5 1 3 .0 3 3 .2 8 2 .7 9 - 3 .4 3 3 .4 8 3 .1 2 2 .8 4 3 .4 4 3 .0 4 3.0 8 - - 17 3 .1 9 - - - - 21 - - - - - 20 16 224 158 66 92 57 35 204 73 131 30 22 8 39 31 72 44 28 45 45 67 46 22 7 15 205 117 88 8 3 .4 7 3.4 5 2 .61 2 .4 9 2 .9 0 3 .0 8 2 .8 6 3 .4 3 3.2 9 2 .7 8 3.5 8 3 .4 3 3 .2 6 3.9 1 3 .7 6 4.02 3 .09 3 .1 2 3 .0 4 2 .3 0 2 .3 0 3 .0 3 2 .9 7 3 .3 4 3 .3 1 3 .3 5 3 .3 4 3 .22 3.5 0 2 .9 3 - - ' ' 20 20 1 88 13 2 10 7 72 44 64 1 08 52 15 11 47 39 49 41 56 56 48 29 17 99 51 - $ 2 .5 1 2 .5 1 2 .7 5 2 .7 9 2 .9 9 2 .94 3 .0 4 3 .3 0 3 .1 7 2 .5 8 2 .7 0 3 .21 3 .10 2 .6 7 2 .5 0 2 .7 9 2 .8 5 2 .7 9 2 .7 9 2.39 2 .2 3 3 .0 9 3 .4 0 3 . 12 - 5 . 53 25 $ 4 . 28 ” 16 24 23 223 80 143 124 85 39 98 53 45 184 119 65 36 30 6 39 26 89 67 22 38 38 79 ~ 6 .1 1 3 .5 4 3.50 ~ ~ 4 .1 9 4 .3 5 4 .1 1 4.41 4 .7 3 3 .7 2 3 .9 6 3 .9 6 3 .9 6 ~ 86 62 4 .1 2 4 .0 1 4 .3 2 4 .0 0 3 .9 2 4 .4 3 4 .3 5 4 .3 0 4 .2 6 4.2 1 4 .4 0 4 .4 4 4 .4 4 3 .5 8 55 3 .6 6 17 “ — 3 .7 0 ” ~ “ 3 .84 3 .9 7 ~ 3 .5 1 3 .3 5 ~ ~ “ ~ ~ “ 33 21 ~ — ~ ~ “ ~ ~ ~ 42 “ 30 45 26 19 6 3 .8 0 3.70 4 .2 4 4 .6 4 3 .6 9 3 .6 7 ~ “ “ 17 10 ~ 3 .6 6 3 .71 — “ ~ “ 19 11 8 3 .7 8 3 .8 2 3 .7 3 “ ~ _____ “ Table 13. Occupational averages: By labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment—Continued ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in s t r u c t u r a l c la y p r o d u c t s m a n u f a c tu r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , U n ite d S t a te s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1975) U n ite d pay S o u th e a s t jvi.aj< s r i r y JN one o r m i n o r i t y M a j< D n t y N one o r m in o r ity COVfs r e d COVIs r e d COV(s r e d co v ered N u m ber A v erag e N um ber A v erag e N u m ber A v erag e N u m ber A v erag e of h o u rly of h o u rly of h o u rly of h o u rly w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s T B O C K D B IV IB S — CONTINUED HEAVY (CVEB 4 T O N S , T B A IL E B T Y P E ) ....................................................... 2 0 - 9 9 NOEKEBS....................................................... 1 0 0 WOFKEBS OB KO BE ..................................... HEAVY (CVEB 9 T O N S , O T H E B ) ................... 2 0 - 9 9 NOEKEBS....................................................... 1 0 0 HCBKEBS OB KOBE..................................... TB U C K EB S , HAND............................................................. 2 0 - 9 9 NOEKEBS....................................................... 1 0 0 NOBKEBS OB HOEE..................................... T B UC K EB S , EONEB ( F O E K L I F T ) ......................... 2 0 - 9 9 NO EKEBS....................................................... 1 0 0 NOBKEBS OB HOBE ..................................... TB UC K EB S , PONEB (EXCEPT F O E K L I F T ) . . 2 0 - 9 9 NOEKEBS............................... ... .................... 1 0 0 NOFKEBS OB MOBE..................................... UNLOADEBS, TUNNEL K I L N ..................................... 2 0 - 9 9 NOBKEBS....................................................... 1 0 0 NOBKEBS OE HOBE..................................... p r e m iu m M id d le A t l a n t i c | E s ta b lis h m e n ts O c c u p a tio n and s iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t 1E xdudes S ta te s 2 fo r A A*/ 7 1U 72 35 1IOO ZZ QO o o 7/ O Q n y zo $ 4 .3 0 ft *1* *♦•11 It * "7 A 4 /u 4« 0 2 It UO AC Hm 3 • 98 O £C 3m DO 49 3 •J O 43 I § JD O 3 . 96 o v e rtim e 821 163 C 1I O 4 10 4 .’ 21 It • ZO OQ H 4 32 3 .9 5 U20 It » /O II 4 169 */7 l« 4 Ao C V 16 2 AA C 11 0 11*/ 7 4 34 30 £1 C D IO QOO C 33 zOO o UA 24 1 zO 1 1z C £ C 0 D0 3o 4n e0 220 $3 .3 5 3 . 17 3 .5 0 3 . 56 3 .4 1 a o ') j . y^ 2 . 75 2 .7 0 a a 3 . 14 3 .1 2 3 .0 2 2 .8 8 3 .1 6 3 . 24 3 .1 5 3 .3 8 and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , $4 • 25 3 • 93 89 43 a * iq ^87 4 72 37 4 1 14 130 Q7O 0 li 1 4 1 911 ZH $ 3 .4 6 3 .4 6 - ii a 4 51 A9 9C • UZ an d 2 I n c lu d e s 104 68 36 $ 3.25 3 .2 3 3 .4 7 3 .2 6 3.89 - - 237 74 163 14 13 3 .2 5 3 .7 1 3 .0 3 3.5 4 3 .5 5 240 111 129 3 .1 5 3 .1 4 3 .1 6 ~ “ ------------ L i h o l id a y s , $ 3 .3 8 3.0 0 3 .6 7 ~ 24 205 1 */ 7 1 69 30 39 ft H7 H«H/ •j 01 J . 7 l 4 •3 3 G rea t L akes M a jo r it y N on e o r m in o r ity N on e o r m in o r ity M a jo r it y N on e o r m in o r ity co v ered cov ered co v e red cov ered cov < s r e d N um ber A v erag e N u m ber A v era g e N u m ber A v erag e N u m ber A v erag e N u m ber A v erag e of h o u rly of h o u rly of h o u rly of h o u rly of h o u rly w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s ! e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s “ 9Z 9 Z o 7 1 Q 13 21 o o S o u th w e s t w ith — - 267 108 159 18 7 11 330 18 1 149 - $ 3 .0 6 - - : - 3 .0 1 2 .78 3 .1 6 3.0 7 2 . 96 3 .1 4 3 . 18 3 .0 3 3 .3 7 da ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e N O T E : D a s h e s in d ic a t e n o da ta r e p o r t e d - 30 2 .6 7 2 .7 4 6 2 .87 99 94 - 15 $ 5 .1 6 - ~ ~ ~ - 6 17 6 3 .7 2 3 .6 1 3 .7 6 ~ 282 124 158 23 10 3 .8 6 76 3 .7 7 44 3 .9 2 3 .7 0 4 .1 9 - : 1 32 75 - - - 3 .1 1 3 .1 1 * ~ • ~ ~ • - - 207 151 56 - $ 3 .6 9 3 .6 7 - - 4 .3 0 4 .21 4 .5 5 63 sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . o r da ta that d o n o t m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a . 3 .8 4 “ " Table 14. Occupational averages: By method of wage payment (N um ber and average straight tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s1 o f p rod u ction w o rk e rs in se le cte d o ccu p ation s in stru ctu ra l c la y produ cts m anufacturin g e stablish m en ts, United States and se le cte d re g io n s , S eptem ber 1975) O ccu pa tion C l a y m a k e r s ............................................ D i e p r e s 3 e c s ......................................... D r y - p a n o p e r a t o r s . . . . . . ............ F i n i s h e r s . .............................................. F i r e r s , p e r i o d i c k i l n ................. F i r e r s , t u n n e l k i l n .............. .. G r i n d e r s , c l a y .................................... K i l n s e t t e r s a nd d r a w e r s . . . . S e t t e r s .................................................. D r a w e r s ......................................« . . . S e t t e r s an d d r a w e r s ................. H o l d e r s , h a n d . . . . ............................ O f f b e a r e r s ............................................ P acka gin g -m ach in e o p e r a t o r s . P a c k e r s ...................................................... P a t t e r n m o u n t e r s ...................... P la ce r s, tunnel k i l n . . . . . . . . P r e s s o p e r a t o r s ................................. Pug mi 11 o p e r a t o r s .............. .. S o r t e r s , b r i c k .................................... S o r t e r s , t i l e ...................................... T r u c k d r i v e r s . ................. O n l o a d e r s , t u n n e l k i l n .............. O n ited S t a t e s ^ / T im eIn cen tive wor)c e r s wor k e r s Iverage Average Humber Humber h ou rly of h ou rly of workers e a rn in gs w orkers ea rn in gs 147 230 2 65 219 50 3 1,4 2 1 5 05 731 4 08 178 145 151 1 ,1 6 7 375 4 21 92 712 3 29 434 367 306 585 7 90 $ 4 .1 9 3 .6 3 3 .8 7 3. 16 3 .5 2 3 .5 3 3 . 47 3. 87 3 .9 7 4 .1 0 3.3 0 4. 21 3 .0 6 3 .5 6 3 .2 0 2 .9 5 3 .4 8 4 . 15 3 .5 0 3 .4 5 3 .0 2 3 .7 6 3 .3 7 42 35 2 48 117 44 86 36 617 278 273 - 112 624 161 200 184 4 53 190 149 159 2 27 209 70 2 $ 4.72 4 .5 8 3 .6 5 3 .9 7 3 .8 5 3 .9 5 3 .5 9 4 .9 6 5 .0 8 5 .0 7 5 .9 8 4 .2 0 4 .4 6 4 .2 3 3 .3 6 4 .3 4 5 .0 2 4 .4 2 4 .1 2 3 .5 9 3 .6 8 4 .5 1 H id d le A t l a n t i c T im eIncentive workers wor k e r s Average Humber Average Humber of of h ou rly h ou rly w orkers e a rn in gs workers earnings 30 57 25 96 143 33 151 96 44 37 65 26 38 22 24 44 - $4.. 3 2 $ 4 .0 4 3 .7 2 4 .0 0 4 .0 9 4 .2 3 4 .2 9 4 .5 2 3 .7 4 4 .1 3 3 .5 1 4 .1 0 3 .3 1 3 .3 8 4 .4 6 4 .1 3 - 29 79 4 .2 1 4 .3 1 _ _ 72 26 - $ 5 . 01 $ 3.93 - - - 1 35 76 57 - 11 143 45 18 68 82 25 6 .1 6 5 .8 2 6 .6 7 5 .3 1 5 . 19 4 . 51 4 .7 6 4 .5 1 4 .8 7 5 . 37 - - 67 4 .8 1 South e a s t Tim eIn cen tive w orkers workers Humber Average Humber Average h ou rly of of h ou rly w orkers e a rn in g s workers e a r n in g s 21 19 27 24 48 513 156 75 28 14 43 414 122 183 63 123 45 54 232 268 $ 4 .0 2 3 .3 9 3 .2 5 3.0 1 3 .1 2 3 .2 3 3 .0 6 2 .9 9 2 .7 9 2 .6 7 3 .8 9 2 .6 0 2 .8 9 3 .0 9 4 .3 8 3 .0 5 2 .3 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 2 2 .8 9 Southeast C l a y m a k e r s ................... < D i e p r e s s e r s .................. D r y - p a n o p e r a t o r s . . . . . ...... F i n i s h e r s ............ ......... F i r e r s , p e r i o d i c k i l n ..... .. F i r e r s , t u n n e l k i l n ...... . G r i n d e r s , c l a y . . . . . . . . . ..... K i l n s e t t e r s and d r a w e r s . . . . S e t t e r s .................................................. D r a w e r s ............................................ . S e t t e r s a nd d r a w e r s ....... H o l d e r s , h a n d ................. O f f b e a r e r s ................ . P a cka ging-m achine o p e r a t o r s . P a c k e r s ............. P a t t e r n m o u n t e r s ............. P l a c e r s , t u n n e l k i l n . . ...... P r e s s o p e r a t o r s . .............................. P u g m i l l o p e r a t o r s ............................ S o r t e r s , b r i c k .................................... S o r t e r s , t i l e ...................................... T r u c k d r i v e r s ....................................r « O n loaders, tu n n el k i l n . . . . . . 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fd r w o rk on w eeken ds, h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts. 2 Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown s e p a ra te ly . 16 41 24 91 74 168 73 62 $2.99 - 2 .6 7 2 .4 4 2 .7 7 2 .8 3 2 .7 3 17 56 2 .6 5 - 157 14 56 2 .5 9 2 .9 1 2 .5 9 63 57 84 53 71 2 .5 4 2 .8 0 2 .7 1 2 .4 5 2 .9 7 2 .4 5 111 _ 2 .8 8 2 .6 6 - - Great - 3 .0 9 - 9 - 3 .2 5 - - 94 3. 19 - 72 3 .8 5 34 48 63 3. 55 3. 05 4 . 28 - - N OTE: D ashes indicate p ub lication c r it e r ia . 22 53 54 20 121 273 79 151 64 62 25 17 111 122 86 - $ 4 .1 3 3 .7 7 3 .6 8 3 .6 6 3 .6 6 3 .7 8 3 .8 5 4 .7 2 4. 89 4 .9 3 3 .7 6 4 . 17 3 .7 5 3 .8 8 3 .6 1 - - - 10 17 43 59 20 - 1 72 53 108 3 02 $ 3.0 8 4 .2 6 3 .2 2 3 .5 9 3 .7 6 - 3 .6 9 2.97 3 .7 7 3 .4 2 Lakes 18 115 7 41 28 - $ 3 .9 3 4 .2 5 3 .7 0 4 .3 5 3 .6 4 - 14 29 3 13 6 107 3 .5 7 4.8 1 5 .0 1 4 .9 6 29 1 98 65 59 5 .2 5 4 .1 5 4 .9 1 4 .2 0 - - 148 28 71 59 3 .7 4 3 .9 5 3 .8 1 “ 4 .0 7 91 37 51 37 73 - 160 3 .6 3 110 no data re p o rte d _ - - 4 .4 6 4 .5 8 4 .6 0 4 .3 8 3 .7 5 5 .0 2 or data that do not m eet Table 15. Occupational earnings: Brick and structural clay tile—Georgia (N um ber and a v era g e s tra igh t-tim e h ou rly earnings 1 of w o rk e rs in s e le cte d occupations, S eptem ber 1975) O ccupation N um ber of w ork ers ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS.2. ............................ MEN.............................................................................. A v erage hourly earn ings RECEIVING STFAIGHT-TINE HOURLY EARNINGS NUMBER OF WORKER 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 AND UNDER 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 OF— 2 .7 C 2.8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3.1 0 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 3 .9 0 4 .0 0 4 .1 0 4 .2 0 4 .3 0 4 .4 0 4 .5 0 4 .6 0 4 .7 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 3.4 C 3.5 0 3. 60 3 . 7 0 3 .8 0 4 .2 0 4 .3 0 4 .4 0 4 .5 0 4 .6 0 4 .7 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 ,4fl. _ - - 9 9 25 25 1 1 - - - 2 _ ~ " ~ ~ 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 . 10 3.20 3 . 30 8 27 767 $ 2.95 2 .9 8 283 239 96 82 61 59 69 €S 99 99 33 33 40 40 26 26 6 4 .3 8 - - 1 1 20 16 4 - - 2 .8 8 - - 48 15 36 9 9 - 11 8 5 - 7 - 3.9C 4 .0 0 4 .1 0 6 1 1 2 2 6 6 11 11 1 1 “ 26 26 - - - - - - - - 5 - - - 1 1 4 4 - ” 1 1 - 19 1 1 8 8 - - - - - - 1S € ~ 1 1 - 3 3 - - - 1 SELECTED PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS ELECTR ICIA NS, MAINTENANCE.-...................... FI R E R S, TUNNEL KILN.......................................... GRINDERS, CLAY........................................................ MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL................. MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE..................................... OFF EEARERS................................................................ HEN............................................................................ PACKAGING-HACHINE OPERATORS.................... POWER-SHCVEL OPERATORS.................................. PUGMILL OPERATORS.......................... ..................... TRUCKDRIVERS.............................................................. T I M E ................................................................... MEDIUM ( 1 - 1 / 2 TO 4 T O N S ) ....................... TRUCKERS, EOWER ( F O R K L I F T ) ....................... 100 74 14 30 17 31 18 7 56 2 .9 0 3 .0 7 4 .3 3 2 .7 0 2 .7 5 3 .0 2 3 .1 7 2 .8 2 3 .7 8 2 .8 3 2 .5 9 2 .8 5 4 48 36 5 - 10 10 6 14 4 - - 9 1C 1 1 1 22 - 1 - 38 38 5 - - - - -• 1 15 9 and late shifts, 12 - 1 1 - 1 1 7 7 - - - - 2 1 - - - - 1 5 - - - “ - ~ - ~ “ ” “ * ~ • “ “ - - ~ ~ ~ ~ - - - ~ ~ ~ - ~ - “ ' E x clu d es p re m iu m pay f o r o v e r tim e and f o r w ork on w eekends, holidays, “ 1 1 17 - U nless oth erw ise indicated, all o r v irtu ally all w o rk e rs w ere m en and tim e rated, 13 “ ■ ~ Table 16. Occupation earnings: Brick and structural clay tile—North Carolina (N um ber and a v era g e s traigh t-tim e h o u rly earnings 1 of w o rk e rs in s elected occu pation s, S eptem ber 1975) ALL PRODUCTION BORKERS.................................. HEN............................................................................... N um ber of w o rk e rs 1 ,2 1 9 1 ,2 0 6 A v erage hourly e a rn ings $ 3 .3 0 3 .3 0 2.10 2.20 2 .30 AND UNDER — 2«_20 J-,-30. 2 . 4 0 2.40 2.5 0 NOHEEE OF NORKEBS EECEIVING SIBAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS (IN DOLLARS) OF — 2 . 6 0 2 . 7 0 2 . 8 0 2 . 90 3 . 0 0 3 . 10 3 . 2C 3 . 3 0 3 . 4 0 3 . 6 0 3 . 8 0 4 . 0 0 4 . 2 0 4 . 4 0 4.80 5.00 5.20 5.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.9C A•Uy flfl 5.60 5 .8 0 O 79 78 71 71 52 £5 72 70 1C 10 1 1 22 22 17 17 5 5 4 3 4 3 9 ■t? Ov O I O ccup ation 33 33 15 15 24 24 48 48 74 74 97 90 * “ ~ “ - 9 9 “ “ ~ “ “ ~ ~ “ ~ 4 4 4 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ • 3 3 7 7 7 7 ~ ” * 3 ~ - 3.C C 3 . 1 0 3.20 70 70 3.30 3 .4 0 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 73 72 45 45 83 83 90 90 57 56 82 81 39 39 6 6 1 1 14 14 - 14 14 4 4 - - 1 6 6 2 2 14 14 3 2 _ _ _ _ _ 3 - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 1 1 4.4C 4 . 6 0 34 34 4.80 5.0 0 5.20 5.40 23 23 11 11 11 11 14 m _ _ _ 3 _ 5.60 12 12 5.80 g 6 4 SELECTED PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS 2 ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE......................... FI B E R S, TUNNEL KILN .......................................... T IM E................................................................... GRINDERS, CLAY......................................................... TIM E................................................................... J ANI TO RS......................................................................... TIM E................................................................... MEN........................................................................... TIME................................................................... MAINTENANCE BORKERS, GENERAL................. MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE..................................... TIME................................................................... HOLDING-MACHINE OPERATORS......................... INCENTIVE...................................................... OFF BEARERS................................................................. INCENTIVE..................................................... PACKAGING-MACHINE OPERATORS.................... TIME................................................................... INCENTIVE...................................................... HEN........................................................................... TIME................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... PLACERS, TUNNEL KILN........................................ INCENTIVE..................................................... POBER-SHOVEL OPERATORS.................................. PUGHILL CEEBATORS................................................ TIME................................................................... TRUCKDRIVERS.............................................................. T IH E ................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... HEAVY (CVER 4 TONS, TRAILER T Y P E ) ................................................... HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, OTHER) ................. TIME................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... TRUCKERS, PONER (F O R K L I F T )....................... TIME ................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... UNLOADERS, TUNNEL K IL N .................................. INCENTIVE..................................................... 6 4 .9 6 138 3 .2 5 130 3 .1 6 32 3 .0 7 30 3 .0 3 16 2 .7 0 15 2 .6 8 14 2 .7 1 13 2 .6 9 35 3 .6 4 14 4 .0 9 12 3 .8 3 9 4 .0 1 7 4 .3 4 49 3 .5 4 43 3 .7 2 50 3 .2 2 37 2 .9 7 13 3 .9 5 47 3 .2 1 37 I 2 .9 7 10 4 .0 9 59 3 .7 3 45 3 .9 4 14 3 .2 2 32 3 .2 4 29 3 .2 0 99 3 .5 6 40 3 .0 6 59 3 .8 9 24 73 24 49 83 67 16 140 116 3 .2 7 3 .6 8 3 .0 6 3 .9 8 3 .0 0 2 .9 3 3 .3 1 3 .4 1 3 .5 2 ~ ~ “ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ " 3 ” “ ~ " " " ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 4 “ 6 6 ~ ~ ~ 4 4 6 6 ~ “ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ “ ~ ~ ~ ■ “ ~ - “ ~ 18 18 ~ ~ * ~ ~ “ 2 2 ~ _ ~ * - ~ - - - “ - * ~ 4 ~ ~ 4 4 “ 4 1 1 2 - “ ~ — 3 3 3 1 2 2 - 2 2 3 3 14 6 - ~ - 6 6 2 2 2 2 - - - 6 6 2 2 - ~ “ - 2 ~ 1 1 3 - - - 1 1 5 2 2 “ 3 3 4 4 9 9 5 - - - - 13 - ~ V - ~ - 4 4 - " “ ~ 1 9 9 21 18 2 2 2 - 4 - - - 3 3 5 2 - 4 4 1 1 5 1 8 - - - 4 4 4 1 1 4 4 - 2 2 4 9 9 3 6 6 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 E x clu des p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid a ys, and late sh ifts. - 2 5 2 2 2 10 10 11 9 * - 6 6 2 - - ~ 1 1 5 - 2 2 ~ ~ - c c - ■ _ ~ ~ ~ ~ “ “ ~ - - 1 1 1 1 ~ ~ ~ 10 10 3 3 ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ 4 4 2 2 2 8 8 - 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 U nless - 2 2 3 4 2 2 - - 2 - 6 2 2 1 1 - 9 9 2 2 - 2 2 - 1 1 - 4 4 3 3 - - _ 3 - 1 1 1 1 2 2 9 9 4 4 _ _ 8 4 4 7 4 3 - 3 3 - - - - 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 - 2 2 7 - 1C 8 1 1 4 - 9 2 7 10 7 4 7 - - 2 3 2 - - _ 7 2 4 4 3 3 5 2 ~ 6 3 5 4 4 1 6 4 - c 2 4 3 4 4 3 8 2 4 4 - 4 7 3 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 3 1 oth erw ise 3 - 3 1 2 7 7 indicated, 2 2 9 9 _ 15 15 all _ 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ 4 7 7 3 2 6 _ _ 4 4 2 2 _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 _ 1 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 5 5 _ 1 2 3 1 4 3 7 1 2 3 _ _ 1 3 _ _ 4 4 6 3 7 1 2 3 1 4 1 4 2 6 _ 3 7 1 2 3 1 1 9 5 2 14 14 1 1 1 1 3 5 _ _ _ 7 5 _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ 6 - _ _ 2 _ _ _ 2 _ _ - - - 1 1 1 1 9 9 _ 8 8 or virtu ally all w o rk e rs w ere men 3 and " tim e rated. Table 17. Occupational earnings: Brick and structural clay tile—Ohio (N um ber and a v e r a g e straigh t-tim e h o u rly earn in gs 1 o f p roduction w o rk e rs in s e le cte d occu pation s, S eptem ber 1975) O ccupation ALL PRODUCTION BORKERS2 ............................... H E N . . . . . . . . .................... ................................... Num ber of w ork ers Average hourly earn in g s 1,4 1 0 1,403 $3.91 3.9 2 25 22 42 92 8 21 138 130 73 58 57 6 10 21 es 23 62 37 32 15 67 32 35 23 34 22 12 23 20 17 11 10 87 64 23 77 51 3.61 3.5 5 3.4 2 3 .55 3.83 3.43 4.47 4.51 4.46 4 . 57 3.81 4.06 3.84 3.62 4.36 3.82 4.56 4.4 3 4.54 3.96 3.95 3.56 4.31 3.76 3.9 8 3.66 4.55 5.13 3.80 3.72 3.83 3.76 3.76 3 . 54 4.37 4.61 4.99 NUMBER OF BCBKEES RECEIVING SIRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS 3. 00 3 . 1 0 UNDER 3.0C 20 3 . 3 0 3 .4 0 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .™ 3 .8 0 3 .9 0 o 30 3 . 4 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 C r (IN DOLLARS) OF— 4 .6 0 or 5.GC 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6 .0 0 6 .2 0 6 .4 0 6 .6 0 4.. 60 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6 .0 0 6 .2 0 6 .4 0 6 .6 0 6 .8 0 77 77 60 60 49 49 26 28 19 19 11 11 10 ' 10 8 8 4 4 15 15 - - - _ _ _ _ 8 8 4 4 15 15 15 7 7 3 4 - 16 11 11 9 2 - 6 6 2 4 _ 17 1 2 17 2 2 1 10 1C 2 3 3 _ 1 - - 1 4 - 4 .3 0 W,r w 4 .4 0 77 77 i AND 9NDER 3 .1 0 3 . 2 0 3 .5 0 3.6 0 3 .7 0 3.8C 3 .9 0 63 61 162 162 156 156 124 124 56 58 4C 4C 92 92 95 95 91 91 1 1 10 9 4 4 26 31 1 1 4 10 - 1 1 4 3 3 1 1 2 2 10 2 2 4 4 - 2 4 - - 4 7 1 4 6 .8 0 AND OVER 1 1 “ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ 15 15 SELECTEE PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS DRY-PAN OPERATORS................................................ TI M E................................................................... H IR E RS , PER IODIC KILN ..................................... F I B E R S , TUNNEL KILN........................................... GLAZING-MACHINE FEEDERS............................... GRINDERS, CLAY.......................... - ........................... KILN SETTERS AND D R A B E R S ......................... INCENT IVE...................................................... SETTE RS ............................................ ....................... DRABERS........................................................... .. MAINTENANCE BORKERS, GENEBAL................. MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE..................................... MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE.................................. HOLDING-MACHINE OPERATORS......................... OFF BEABEES................................................................. T I M E ................................................................... INCE NTIV E..................................................... PACKAGING-MACHINE OPERATORS.................... I NC EN TI VE ..................................................... PACKERS ...................... .. ................................................. PLACERS, TUNNEL KILN........................................ TIM E................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... POBER-SHOVEI OPERATORS.................................. PUGMILL OPERATORS................................................ TI M E................................................................... INC ENTIVE4 .................................................. SORTERS, BRICK3 ...................................................... TRUCKDRIVERS ........................................................... TIME................................................................... HEAVI (OVER 4 TONS, OTHER)................. TI M E................................................................... TRUCKERS, PCBER ( F O R K L I F T ) ....................... TI M E................................................................... INC ENTIVE..................................................... UNLCADERS, TUNNEL K IL N.................................. I NC EN TI VE ..................................................... Excludes p re m iu m U nless otherw ise - - - 16 3 2 - - 2 3 2 1 2 3 - - 7 6 3 28 28 27 1 9 - - 13 - - - - 1 1 7 1 1 4 - 2 4 - - 2 14 3 - - - 10 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 - 2 2 - 6 6 13 13 - - - 16 16 - - 1 1 5 6 3 3 - 4 4 4 S 9 - - 3 3 - - - - 1 - - - - 5 3 2 2 2 - 33 30 3 3 - - 1 1 - - - - 1 c 1 c - - 2 1 1 1 2 - 2 5 4 1 1 7 7 3 3 4 2 2 18 - 1 3 3 3 3 12 11 1 p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s . in dicated, all o r v i rt u a ll y all w o r k e r s a r e m en and tim e - r a te d . - 2 - 2 9 6 3 2 2 - c - 1 10 1 1 16 3 13 2 - - 2 1 8 8 6 2 2 16 16 - - 9 5 4 11 - - - 11 1 - - - - 1 4 4 3 3 - 4 3 2 2 - - - 4 2 2 2 6 4 2 6 1 - - - 2 2 - 1 1 - 18 18 4 14 3 - 1 5 5 2 3 11 6 1 - - 3 - 3 3 - 1 15 5 10 3 3 3 19 19 1 4 2 2 1 - - - 4 - - _ _ _ - _ _ 1 - 1 - _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 2 - _ _ _ _ _ 2 4 2 2 3 - 1 3 3 1 - - - - _ _ 2 _ - 3 3 3 3 8 8 1 15 15 - - - - _ - - - - ” “ ” ~ ~ 2 8 8 _ 1C 1C - All or v i rtu a lly a ll w o r k e r s 4 1 1 4 - 5 5 _ _ incentive paid. _ _ _ 1 1 _ ~ ~ Table 18. Occupational earnings: Brick and structural clay tile—Pennsylvania (N um ber and a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings O ccupation ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS2. HEW................................................ of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n , S e p t e m b e r 1975) Num ber of w ork ers A ver a ge hourly earn in g s 1,0 5 9 1,057 $3.95 3 .9 5 10 25 26 60 3 .5 4 3 .5 6 3 .6 9 3 .5 7 3 .6 4 3 .0 9 4 .4 8 4 .3 4 4.0 4 4 .0 1 4 .2 1 4 .5 4 4 .3 4 4 .0 3 4 .5 0 3 .5 5 4 . 16 3 .4 3 4 .4 8 4 .2 9 3 .4 2 5 .4 2 3 .5 5 3 .5 5 3 .8 4 3 .6 5 3 .8 4 3 .6 5 3 .6 3 3 .8 1 3 .5 4 4 .4 4 3 .9 0 2.5 0 2.60 2.7 0 — HUB 3 BR q F WCR KERS RECEI VING 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3.1C 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 STRAI GHT-T IME i 3 .4 0 3 .5 0 3.60 40 2 . 5 0 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.50 3.6 0 2 - 14 14 - - 14 14 8 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 30 2 . 4 0 lND i ER 3.10 3 .20 3.30 3.40 4 4 107 107 75 75 59 59 _ _ . - - 1 4 - 61 61 00 5 . 2 0 J5 . 6 O 16 .0 0 } 6 . 40 I6.80 ***•T^ 3.80 84 84 107 107 4 5 4 6 1 5 10 _ 17 2 5 .0 0 1 77 177 7 .2 0 15 15 SELECTED PRODOCTIOH OCCUPATIONS CLAT BAKERS................................................................ DRY-PAW OPERATORS............................................... F IB E R S , PEBIODIC KI LH .................................... F IR E R S , TUBBE1 KILH.......................................... GRINDERS, CLAY........................................................ JA N I T O R S ........................................................................ KILH SETTERS AND DRAWERS 3......................... SETTERS..................................................................... MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL................. MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE................................. OFF BEARERS................................................................ INCENTIVE........................................................ PACKAGING-MACHINE OPERATORS.................... TIME...................................................................... INCENTIVE........................................................ PACKERS........................................................................... PLACERS, TUNNEL K ILN....................................... TIME...................................................................... INCENTIVE........................................................ PUGMILL OPERATORS................................................ TIM E ..................................................................... INCENTIVE........................................................ SORTERS, BRICK........................................................ SPRAY-MACHINE OPERATORS ( G L A Z I N G ) . . TBUCKDRIVIHS.............................................................. T IM E ..................................................................... HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, OTH ER) ................. T IM E ............................................................. .. TRUCKERS, HAND..................................... .. ................ TRUCKERS, POWER (F O R K L I F T ) ....................... TIM E ..................................................................... INCENTIVE........................................................ UNLOADERS, TUNNEL KI LN.................................. 10 7 38 30 42 10 76 54 68 24 44 10 66 20 46 23 13 10 24 9 13 9 13 9 16 73 51 22 66 * E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e in d ic a te d , a ll o r v irtu a lly all w o r k e r “ ~ - ~ _ 2 “ ” - - - - - - - 4 - ~ - - - - - - * ” - - - : _ 4 - ~ • - - - 10 - - - - - - 12 - 12 ” - - - 4 - - 10 4 2 2 _ - 12 12 8 8 ■“ - - - - - - - 4 4 - - _ - 2 2 8 2 4 - - 2 4 - 2 ” “ 8 8. 2 2 - - 16 - - w eekends, - - h o lid a y s ,, and la te s h ifts . 3 _ - 8 8 25 3 12 _ - ~ - 1 - ■ ~ * — _ _ 2 2 - 2 _ _ 24 - ~ ~ - 4 8 8 8 8 _ 4 4 " " - 6 6 - 4 4 11 11 " * " - 1 _ 11 11 “ " ~ - 2 2 ~ ~ ~ ~ - - - 3 10 10 4 4 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 ' 1 ~ - 4 12 2 1 6 _ _ _ _ _ - II nn cc ll uu dd ee ss dd aalta t a ff oo rr w o r kk ee r s i n c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i n a d d i t i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 12 12 Brick and structural clay tile—Texas ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 of p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n , NumO ccupation of workcl s ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS2............................... 1,928 1,888 A ver- NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING 2. 10 hourly earnUNDER ings 2.20 $2.74 2.7 4 S e p te m b e r 1975) 106 98 2.20 2 .3 C 2.40 2 .5 0 2.30 2 .4 0 224 222 179 179 2.50 3 94 392 2.60 220 214 2.60 2.70 2.8 0 2.90 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.CC 3 . 10 3 . 2 0 67 83 108 104 66 64 46 42 3.00 75 73 STRAIGHT- TIME HOURLY EARNINGS 3 . 10 3 . 20 3 . 3 0 33 33 (IN DOLLARS) O F-- 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.8 0 4.00 4.20 4.40 4.60 4.80 5.00 5.20 5.40 4 . 40 4 . 6 0 4.8C 5.00 5.20 5.40 5.60 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.80 •p o o Table 19. Occupational earnings: 4.20 61 61 45 43 26 26 26 26 48 48 29 50 48 52 52 _ _ _ 21 24 24 7 7 6 6 8 8 2 2 _ _ _ SELECTED EEODUCTION OCCUPATIONS DRY-PAN OPERATORS................................................ TIM E................................................................... F I B E R S , PERIODIC K I L N .................................... F I B E R S , TUNNEL KILN .......................................... J A N IT O R S ........................................................................ MEN........................................................................... WOMEN..................................................................... KILN SETTERS AND DRAWEES............................ MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL................. MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE..................................... OFF BEARERS................................................................ TIME................................................................... INCE NTI VE ..................................................... MEN........................................................................... TI M E................................................................... INC ENTIVE..................................................... PACKERS........................................................................... POWER-SHOVEL OPERATORS.................................. PUGMILL OPERATORS................................................ TI M E................................................................... INC ENTIVE..................................................... SORTERS, ER IC K 3..................................................... TBUCKDRIVERS............................................................. TI M E................................................................... HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, OTHER): TI M E................................................................... TRUCKERS, POWER ( F O R K L I F T ) ...................... TI M E................................................................... UNLOADERS, TUNNEL K IL N.................................. 1 E x c lu d e s 26 2C 46 48 107 27 2.47 2.54 2.70 2.81 2.33 2.42 2. 10 2.73 2.74 3.3 5 2.71 2.35 3.1 5 2.73 2.33 3.17 3.81 3.28 2.92 2.61 3.34 3.0 5 3.29 2.72 19 126 116 54 2.87 2.71 2.71 2.60 66 28 20 8 20 95 16 128 70 58 118 62 56 68 17 50 29 21 j _ - 10 2 8 4 - - 8 2 2 4 4 16 29 26 3 27 24 3 4 13 8 8 16 - 8 8 - 12 16 17 16 1 _ - 11 34 22 12 4 4 6 12 2 2 4 4 - 6 2 4 4 - 8 8 4 4 4 5 4 2 2 1 1 4 - 1 62 58 - 17 16 1 4 2 6 - 3 3 - 3 3 - 32 20 12 _ - 3 3 44 1 _ - 2 _ € 2 e - 8 6 - 6 7 _ 8 12 2 2 _ _ 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 _ _ 7 2 6 1 2 10 8 - 8 4 4 4 4 2 2 - p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r tim e a n d fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , an d la te 2 U n le s s o th e rw is e in d ic a te d , a ll o r v ir tu a lly a ll w o r k e rs a r e m en an d tim e - r a te d . 2 2 23 19 s h ifts . . _ _ 30 _ _ > _ 2 _ _ 1 4 4 2 4 2 . _ 6 _ _ _ _ 3 2 2 2 _ _ 6 1 _ _ _ 2 2 2 _ 2 _ - _ 2 _ 4 4 2 2 7 _ _ _ _ 6 2 2 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 8 _ _ _ _ _ 6 _ _ _ _ . _ _ 4 2 2 2 _ 2 2 _ 4 _ 4 4 _ 2 4 4 3 _ _ _ 2 10 4 2 2 2 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 4 10 8 3 A ll o r v i r t u a l l y _ _ _ 4 _ _ 14 14 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 4 _ _ 4 _ 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 _ 2 6 _ 5 _ _ _ 2 a ll w o rk e rs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ 4 _ _ 5 _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ 2 2 2 u 8 8 2 2 2 8 8 8 8 g 8 12 g 4 2 2 1 20 8 2 4 2 2 13 14 8 _ _ _ _ - 2 _ in c e n tiv e p a id . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ £ 0 _ _ _ _ ” _ _ _ 8 2 _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ * 2 2 u 4 Table 20. Occupational earnings: Ceramic wall and floor tile—California (N um ber and straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f production and re la te d w o rk e rs in s e le cte d o ccu p ation s, Septem ber 1975) O ccupation ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS 2.............................. BEN............................................................................. WOMEN........................................................................ N um Der of w ork ers NUMBER OF WCRKERS RECEIVING STBEIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS (IN COLLARS) OF — A v erage 2 . 8 0 2 . 9 0 '3. CO 3 . 1 0 3 . 2 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 4 0 - 3 . 5 0 3 . 6 0 3 . 7 0 3 . 8 0 3 . 9 0 4 . 0 0 4 . 2 0 <4.40 4 . 6 0 <4.80 5 . 0 0 5 . 20 5 . 4 0 15.60 hourly AND e a r n UNDER AND OVER i n g s 2 .8 G 3NDER 2 . 9 0 3 . 0 0 3 . 1 0 3 . 2 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 4 0 3 . 5 0 3 . e c . 3, 70 , 3 . 8 0 3 . 9 C 4 . 0 0 4 . 2 0 4 . 4 0 4 . 6 0 4 . 8 0 5 . 0 0 5 . 2 0 5 . 4 0 5 . 6 0 484 375 109 $3.68 3.82 3 .23 7 7 36 18 18 21 6 15 44 30 14 76 59 17 28 20 8 13 12 1 38 37 1 25 17 8 6 38 23 34 19 11Q j 10 10 7 58 44 32 18 32 28 24 15 7 7 6 12 3.91 3.75 3.54 3.86 3.69 •s • J1 je, O Ia 3 • 29 uioo 3.22 3.22 3.38 3.5 2 4.25 3 . 19 3.2 5 4*59 4.05 4.05 3 . 92 3.4 9 _ - _ 4 4 - - 2 - _ - _ E 7 8 7 _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 4 3 4 3 1 1 ” _ 4 1 1 16 13 3 19 16 3 7 6 1 8 4 4 20 18 2 1 1 1 - 1 2 2 - _ _ 1 1 - 4 4 - 37 32 5 23 23 17 17 - 7 7 3 3 - 3 3 - 14 14 _ _ 2 2 2 2 3 1 3 1 _ 3 2 3 2 2 - „ 1 1 - _ - _ - _ - 3 _ 3 _ 1 1 _ - _ - _ - 42 - - - - - 1 - - - 22 20 2 SELECTED PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS CLAY MAKERS................................................................ DIE PR ES SE R S ............................................................ TI M E..................................................................... HEN............................................................................. T I M E..................................................................... /it 17.T1I/I-. mar*Hr «n? P R P n p n c TT HP MKH_____ -MAINTENANCE NORKERS, GENERAL................. OFF BEARERS............................................................... T I M E..................................................................... HEN.............................................................................. T I M E ..................................................................... PLACERS, TUNNEL KI LN....................................... <;nRTKR<!f TTT R. __ Sin ME N________ _ SPRAY-MACHINE OPERATORS ( G LA ZI NG ). . TI M E..................................................................... TRUCKERS, ECRER (F O R K L I F T ) ...................... T I M E ..................................................................... UNLCADEBS, TUNNEL K IL N ................................. 2 2 _ 36 6 - 15 15 8 8 g 9 8 1 - _ 6 2 4 - _ _ 8 1 7 cO 3c - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - 4 - - " - . 4 4 4 4 4 _ 1 * _ 3 _ - _ 1 1 - ____ 1 . 2 1 _ - _ 2 2 - _ 1 4 2 _ 8 8 6 6 4 _ 1 _ 2 _ 1 1 - _ - 2 2 3 - 1 - - - - - - - - 4 2 3 2 - .j i * 2 2 2 2 * 1 E x clu d es p re m iu m pay fo r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late and under $ 2 .8 0 . s h ifts,. 2 U n less oth e rw ise indicated, all o r virtu ally all w o rk e rs are men and t im e -r a te d . 1 ~ - 1 1 _ - ~ - - - - 2 2 1 1 i 3 W o rk e rs w e re distribu ted - as fo llo w s : 1 at $ 2 .6 0 and under $ 2 .7 0 ; and 5 at $ 2 .7 0 4 A ll w o rk e rs w e re at $ 6 .2 0 and under $ 6 .4 0 . Table 21. Occupational earnings: Clay refractories—Missouri (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o cc u p a tio n s , S e p te m b e r 1 9 7 5 ) Occupation ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS.................................. HEN.............................................................................. WOMEN........................................................................ SELECTED Num ber of A ver age h o u r ly er s ings 2 ,3 0 4 2 ,2 8 7 17 $ 5.18 5 .1 8 4 .5 1 36 32 1C7 41 37 9 36 32 23 77 5 .2 0 4 .9 6 5 .4 4 4 .9 7 5 .5 8 5 .1 5 5 .0 8 4 .8 5 4 .4 8 5 .6 3 5 .6 5 5 .3 8 5 .4 0 5 .9 5 6 .3 1 5 .1 0 4 .8 0 5 .2 3 4 .7 3 4 .6 8 5 .0 9 4 .9 5 4 .8 6 4 .7 7 6.31 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT- TIME ~ m u ~ W 7 W UNDER AND 4 . 2 C JKDER 4. 40 4 . 6 0 2 1 1 71 66 5 '4 .60 4 .8 0 5 . 0 0 '5 . 2 0 "5.1(0 5 . 6 0 ^5.80 "6 . OCT" 6 . 2 <T 6 . 4 0 HOURLY EARNINGS T7T0 6780 (IN 1 . COLLARS) 40 [7 . 6 0 OF — 7 .8 0 8 7 5 ^ ¥ 72ff 8 .4 0 6 .6 0 6 .6 0 T W AND OVER 4.8 0 5 .0 0 463 458 5 360 380 7 7 1 1 23 4 5 5 23 11 24 - - - 13 3 1 8 - - 5 4 4 - £ 182 178 4 6 .6 0 5 . 20 5 . 4 0 370 3 69 232 232 6 . 0Q 6 .2 0 6 . 4C 6 . 6 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 1 54 154 150 15C 121 120 1 37 37 1 1 1C 13 7 7 € 2 16 6 2 2 5 5 - - 1 30 30 6 .8 0 7 .0 0 7 .2 0 7.4C 7 .6 C 14 14 20 20 18 18 3 3 8 6 7 4 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 21 21 7 .8 0 3 3 8 .0 0 3 3 8 .4 0 8 .6 0 8 ,3 0 .. 9.QQ 7 7 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 1 1 - - - - 1 1 - 1 - 8 .2 0 PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS2 CLAY BAKERS................................................................ TIM E................................................................... DIE PRESSERS............................................................. DRY-PAN OPERATORS................................................ ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE......................... FIR ER S, PERIODIC KI LN .................................... F IR E R S, TUNNEL KILN........................................... GRINDERS, CLAY........................................................ J AN IT O RS ........................................................................ MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE............................... MAINTENANCE HORKERS, GENERAL................. MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE..................................... MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE.................................. HOLDERS, HAND............................................. .. INCE NTIVE..................................................... OFF BEARERS................................................................ TIME................................................................... PUGMILL OPERATORS................................................ TRUCKDRIVERS............................................................. MEDIUM ( 1 - 1 / 2 TO 4 T C N S )....................... TRUCKERS, ICWER (F O R K L I F T )....................... TIME................................................................... TRUCKERS, ECWER (EXCEPT F O R K L I F T ) . . TIM E................................................................... UNLCADEES, TUNNEL KILN3 ............................... 66 17 77 54 40 48 19 17 26 19 154 122 47 33 65 - - 1 2 - - - - - - - - 12 5 - 14 - 9 4 10 - - - - - 26 - 29 22 - - - - 1 2 - 10 38 - - - - - - 15 7 26 1 S 39 1 1 - 3 - 3 4 5 1 - - 2 1 - - - - - 8 8 - - - - - - - - - 5 5 3 2 2 10 5 4 9 8 37 37 9 9 3 b 16 2 15 13 3 6 1 15 15 17 15 1 12 - 1 6 11 1 1 1 8 8 1 3 1 5 6 16 6 3 - 2 5 4 - 12 12 - - - - 1 1 - 1 3 2 68 68 14 4 2 1 5 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h ol id a y s, and late U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e in d i c a t e d a ll o r v i r t u a l l y a ll w o r k e r s w e r e m e n and t i m e - r a t e d . 11 11 - - - 8 8 - sh i ft s. 3 4 4 6 1 13 4 “ 2 A l l o r v ir t u a l ly all w o r k e r s w e r e i n c e n t iv e pa i d . 1 1 . - 2 ...... . 1 Table 22. Occupational earnings: Clay refractories—Ohio (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 of p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o cc u p a tio n , S e p te m b e r 1 9 7 5 ) Occupation ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS.................................. BEN.............................................................................. WOMEN........................................................................ Num- Aver- of workers h o u r ly earn- 1 ,1 4 8 1 ,0 8 9 59 $4.47 4 .5 0 3 .9 3 NCMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT- TIME HOURLY EARNINGS 2.80 3 .0 0 UNDEB AND 2 . 8 0 UNDER - 1 *-P0 3 . 2 0 3.2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4.2 C 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4.. 8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 57 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .00 4 .2 0 4.4 C 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5. . 0 0 5 . 20 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 C 6 .CC 85 80 5 51 46 5 48 41 7 87 83 4 66 64 62 121 121 211 102 97 5 46 44 16 16 28 28 2 2 59 56 3 23 209 52 50 5 1 2 2 4 50 16 2 2 W 2 2 1 DOLLARS) (I B OF— 6 .2 0 6 .4 0 6 . 6 C 6 .8 0 7 .0 0 7 .2 0 6 . 2 C 6 .4 0 6 .6 0 6 .8 0 7 .0 0 7 .2 0 7 .4 0 33 33 ” 6 5 1 1 _ 6 6 1 “ ~ - - - _ 2 1 1 - * - 1 1 _ 6 .0 0 22 22 ' 7 . 4 0 7 7 <nr AND OVER 7 .6 0 3 3 1 1 10 10 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ' SELECTED PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS 2 CLAY MAKERS................................................................ INCENTIVE..................................................... DIE PRESSERS............................................................. TIME................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... MEN........................................................................... TIM E................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... DRY-PAN OPERATORS................................................ ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE......................... FIN ISHERS3 ................................................................... F IR ER S, PERIODIC K ILN .................................... FIB ER S, TUNNEL KILN .......................................... TIM E................................................................... GRINDERS, CLAY........................................................ TIME................................................................... KILN SETTEES AND DRAWERS4 ......................... T IM E................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... SETTERS..................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... DRAWERS..................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE............................... MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL................. MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE.................................. HOLDERS, HAND3 ........................................................ OFF BEABEES................................................................ PACKERS........................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... MEN........................................................................... WOMEN...................................................................... PLACERS, TUNNEL KILN....................................... TIME................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... PUGMILL OPERATORS................................................ TIM E................................................................... INCENTIVE ..................................................... TRUCKDRIVERS.............................................................. MEDIUM ( 1 - 1 / 2 TO 4 T O N S ) ...................... TRUCKERS, POWER (F O R K L I F T ) ...................... TIME................................................................... UNLCADEES, TUNNEL K I L N ................................. INCENTIVE..................................................... 12 8 90 32 58 80 32 48 12 12 38 21 65 58 21 15 53 23 30 17 14 19 16 9 44 34 23 13 25 20 8 17 58 34 24 32 10 22 8 6 55 51 40 28 4 .5 5 4 .2 5 4.4 1 4 .0 2 4 .6 3 4 .4 8 4 .0 2 4 .7 8 4 .2 6 5 .6 0 4 .6 0 4 . 14 4 .2 5 4 .3 0 4 .2 6 4 .4 3 4 .6 8 3 .7 9 5 .3 7 4 .7 5 4 .8 6 5 .4 7 5.8 1 4 .8 9 4 .4 3 5 .1 4 4 .8 3 5.22 4 .2 2 4 .2 5 4 .0 3 4 .3 2 4 .3 8 4 .0 0 4 .9 3 $4.51 3 .8 1 4 .8 3 4 . 18 4 .1 8 4 .6 4 4 .6 9 4 .7 8 5 .4 8 -| H - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 10 9 1 10 9 1 3 9 9 - c 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 7 7 2 6 - c 1 6 1 1 2 1 2 - - - 4 2 8 - 1 2 - 5 c - 3 3 - - 2 - - - - - 3 3 7 2 - 5 c - 6 3 2 - - 3 - - - - 2 - - 4 - - - - 1 1 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 1 1 - - 3 3 6 6 1 - - 1 1 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 1 1 1 - - 1 1 - 3' 3 - - - 1 - 1 1 - - - - 4 - 1 1 1 8 - - 2 - 7 12 - 1 1 - 1 1 “ 4 4 - ~ 1 6 12 12 2 2 2 1 - 9 3 4 11 1 2 - 12 4 - 3 3 12 12 6 2 2 c - - 1 4 4 - 4 E 5 3 12 1 4 4 - - 1 1 7 4 3 - E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , and la te shifti U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e in d ic a t e d , a ll o r v ir t u a l ly all w o r k e r s a r e m e n and t i m e ra t e d . P r e d o m i n a n t l y m e n and in c e n t iv e ra te d. 2 2 4 16 16 3 4 3 - 5 5 - ie 5 13 16 5 1 6 8 8 11 10 8 8 3 5 5 9 3 4 4 4 4 - 3 3 3 1 2 5 5 8 8 8 8 10 - - - - 1 1 3 3 2 2 - - 1 21 1 2 2 5 17 4 1 23 4 4 - 3 1 1 1 1 4 - 3 3 3 3 3 7 1 1 3 1 2 - - 8 2 8 8 - 8 2 2 2 2 3 - 1 7 7 - - - 1 - 4 - _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ - - 13 13 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 2 - - - - 13 13 1 2 - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - 1 - 5 3 - 2 - 7 3 5 - 1 2 6 1 - _ 2 2 - 1 1 - - - - - - - 4 5 4 - 1 2 1 1 _ _ - _ 1 4 _ 2 1 5 1 4 2 3 3 - 3 3 - _ - 20 20 1 1 - - 1 - - - - _ 5 - - - - - - 1 1 1 *4 1 * 1 1 1 1 - - - 4 4 2 _ _ _ _ 2 2 - - - 4 4 1 1 4 4 4 - 2 1 22 22 2 2 - 4 1 1 - _ - 1 _ _ _ - 9 - _ - _ - 9 - - - - 2 1 - 2 - - - * I n c l u d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in ad di tio n to t h o s e A l l w o r k e r s w e r e at $ 7 . 6 0 and u n d e r $ 7 . 8 0 . A l l w o r k e r s w e r e at $ 7 . 8 0 and u n d e r $ 8 . _ sh ow n se p a r a t e l y . _ _ 4 _ _ _ _ - - 6 4 - - 4 Table 23. Occupational earnings: Clay refractories—Pennsylvania ( N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1975) NumOccupation ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS.................................. HEN.............................................................................. NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-■TIME HOURLY EARNIKGS of w orker s Average h o u r ly earnmgs 1 ,7 2 3 1 ,6 9 5 $ 5.05 5 .0 6 4 4 - 23 15 58 32 27 13 55 47 35 31 17 5 .3 3 4 .9 3 5 .2 5 4 .6 4 4 .5 8 5 .4 7 4 .3 7 4 .3 7 4.8 1 4 .6 3 4 .7 4 4 .4 0 4 .4 9 6 .0 7 4 .3 1 6 .5 9 5 .9 0 6 .5 7 6. 67 c ho - 4 .9 0 5 .1 4 5 .7 8 5 .2 9 4 .8 0 5 .6 8 5 .8 9 5 . 13 5 .4 8 5 .2 0 4 .8 5 5 .6 7 4 .6 7 4 .6 1 4 .8 3 4 .6 4 6 .4 9 4 .7 3 4 .5 5 6 .5 5 - 3 . 1 0 3. 20 T r i e r 3 . 40 3 . 6 0 AND UNDER 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 3.60 3 .8 0 (IN DOLLARS) OF— 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 C 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6 .0 0 6 .2 0 6 .4 0 6 .6 0 6 .8 0 7 . 0 0 T74TT 7 . 8 0 8 .2 0 8 .6 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 . 40 4 . 60 4 .8 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6 .0 0 6 .2 0 6 .4 0 6 .6 0 6 .8 0 7 .0 0 7 .4 0 7 .8 0 8 .2 0 8 .6 0 9 .0 0 8 8 15 13 41 27 159 157 93 93 142 1 42 155 15 C 190 1 88 123 123 155 155 149 148 53 53 94 94 52 52 50 48 35 35 39 39 68 68 15 15 53 53 17 17 8 8 4 4 1 1 - - - 2 2 2 4 4 4 - - 4 4 4 4 - 1 1 1 - - 1 7 15 4 2 - - - - - ~ - 8 8 16 8 - - - “ - - 1 2 2 ~ - - - ~ - - 4 4 - _ - * 3 3 3 “ - - 2 6 14 5 5 3 3 6 5 - 2 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ SELECTEE PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS 2 CLAT MAKERS................................................................ TIM E...................................................................... DIE PRESSERS 3 ........................................................... DRY-PAN OPERATORS................................................ TIME ...................................................................... ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE......................... F IR E R S, PERIODIC K I L N ..................................... T IM E ...................................................................... F IR E R S , TUNNEL KILN........................................... T IM E ...................................................................... GRINDERS, CLAY........................................................ JANI TO RS......................................................................... MEN................................................. ........................... KILN SETTERS AND D R A W E R S ......................... T IM E ...................................................................................... INCENTIVE ..................................................................... SETTERS ..................................................................................... INCENTIVE ..................................................................... n n %Q -a o C 3 MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE* MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL................. MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE..................................... MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE.................................. HOLDERS, BAND.......................................................... MOLDING-MACHINE OPERATORS......................... OFF BEARERS................................................................ INCENTIVE........................................................ PACKERS........................................................................... PRESS OPERATORS..................................................... PU3MILL OPERATORS................................................ TIME ...................................................................................... INC ENTIVE ..................................................................... 1RUCKDRIVERS 4........................................................................ HEAVY (CVER 4 TONS, OTHER)................. TRUCKERS, POWER (F O R K L I F T ) ....................... TIME...................................................................... INCENTIVE........................................................ TRUCKERS, POWER (EXCEPT F O R K L I F T ) . . TIM E ........................................................................... UNLCADERS, TUNNEL K I L N ..................................... 12 10 1 46 33 1 13 76 54 c i D / 11 D C 57 7 40 14 9 80 70 14 47 26 15 11 13 9 99 89 10 15 12 18 5 5 12 12 12 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 4 4 4 - - - - - - 1 - - - - 2 - - 5 5 26 26 18 - - - - - - 4 4 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 12 12 4 4 3 1 - 5 5 5 11 11 5 “ - 1 4 • “ ~ - - - - - - 7 2 9 - 7 - 1 6 - - - - 7 - - - - - - - 2 4 9 2 - - - - - - 6 - - - - - - - - c - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 4 - 3 - - - - - 3 - - - - - - - 2 2 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 3 3 13 13 2 2 - - - - - 18 18 - - - - 3 2 19 17 8 - - 12 9 48 - 18 8 •- 2 - - 18 - - - - 8 8 8 - 2 2 2 - - 48 24 24 24 - - 12 12 12 9 - - - 8 8 8 8 4 2 1 - 8 13 ” 1 2 2 8 1 12 - 4 - - - - 1 2 6 6 9 9 3 10 10 4 4 - 3 3 3 * ~ 2 1 - 1 8 6 2 1 1 2 4 4 ~ ~ shifts, 4 4 4 4 2 - - - - - - 1 - ~ ~ - - 1 1 2 3 17 - - - 2 - - 1 1 - - 9 4 - ~ “ 4 6 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , ho l id a y s , and la te U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e i n d ic a t e d , a ll o r v i r t u a l l y all w o r k e r s w e r e m e n and t i m e ra te d. 2 6 3 - 9 9 1 1 4 - ~ ~ - - - 4 4 - - 18 18 1 1 1 10 10 ~ 2 1 3 - - 18 1 14 - 9 - ~ - 8 8 7 7 - - - 1 1 “ 3 3 ~ ~ - - - 1 ” - - - - - - 6 6 - - - - - 4 4 - - - - - - - 8 8 1 6 ~ - 3 - - - - - - 8 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - - - - - 1 - - - * - - 1 - - 1 1 - 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - 1 - - 1 1 1 - 1 2 * 3 ~ 5 1 1 2 A l l o r v i r t u a l l y a ll w o r k e r s w e r e in c e n t iv e pa id . I n cl u d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in ad di tio n to t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y , 1 Table 24. Occupational earnings: Clay sewer pipe—Ohio (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s tr a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 of p rod u ctio n w o r k e r in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , S e p te m b e r 19 7 5 ) NumOccupation ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS.................................. MEN.............................................................................. of w ork ers Average h o u r ly earn ings 1 ,2 3 1 1 ,2 3 1 $4.12 4 .1 2 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING 2 . 6 0 2 . 80 3 . 0 0 AND UNDER 2.80 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS (IN DOLLARS) OF— 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4.2 C 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5.2 0 5 .4 0 5.6 0 5.8C 6 .0 0 6 .2 0 6 .4 0 6 .6 0 7 .0 0 7 .4 0 7 .8 0 8 .2 0 6 .2 0 6 .4 0 6 .6 0 7 .0 0 7 .4 0 7 .8 0 8 .2 0 6 .6 0 2 2 9 9 7 7 22 22 21 21 4 4 22 22 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 8 6 22 21 3 5 5 - 3 3 16 18 16 16 5 3 - 4 _ 6 3 3 - 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 . 20 4 .4 C 4 .6 0 4 . 60 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6 .CC 9 9 6 6 38 38 47 47 221 221 464 464 123 123 82 82 25 23 54 54 22 22 19 19 5 5 3 3 16 16 7 7 C. _ - _ - 4 4 _ - _ - 6 6 _ - 1 - _ _ _ - - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 4 9 cA ^ 28 -j i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 17 17 17 - 16 6 2 17 4 13 c - 3 3 27 3 24 3 3 - c 2 5 3 1 1 3 2 - 2 1 1 1 1 3 - 1 1 1 1 3 - - - 8 2 6 2 2 2 2 4 _ c * _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 8 .6 0 AND OVER SELECTED PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS DRY-PAN OPERATORS............................................... TIM E................................................................... FTRFRS, FF.RTnmr KTT.N___________________ TIME................................................................... FTRERS, TUNNEL KTLN.......................................... KILN SETTERS AND DRAWERS............................ TIME................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... SETTERS...................................................................... TIME................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... DRAWERS..................................................................... TIME................................................................... INCENTIVE..................................................... MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL................. TIME................................................................... MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE 2.................................. MOLDERS, HAND........................................................... TNCENTTVR..................................................... OFF BRJBRfit;. , , ______ ___ r T _ T , T PRESS OPERATORS_____________________ - - T- TIM E................................................................... PUGMILL OPERATORS................................................ TIME................................................................... TRUCKDRIVERS 2 3 ........................................................ LIGHT (UNDER 1 - 1 / 2 T C N S ) ...................... TRUCKERS, POWER (F O R K L I F T )....................... Excludes p re m iu m pay fo r A l l o r v i r t u a l l y all w o r k e r s 11 10 38 15 208 1C7 10 1 86 54 32 74 53 21 40 22 14 14 13 23 on Zv 13 13 7 8 6 103 3 .5 4 3 .4 7 /U 3 .6 0 3 .8 2 5*10 5 .0 8 5.11 5 .4 8 5 .0 4 6 .2 2 5 .3 7 5 .1 2 5 .9 9 4 .8 0 4 .3 6 4 .1 1 4 .7 8 * 3 .3 8 a Uv on H. 3 .9 2 4 .5 8 3 .8 6 3 .6 9 3 .6 7 3 .6 9 _ _ _ - _ - 16 16 16 16 - 6 25 7 18 4 4 4 - 6 6 6 2 - 6 6 1 1 4 - 10 6 - 2 2 1 - ~ _ _ - - _ - _ - - 12 o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , a r e t im e ra te d. - - _ - h o l id a y s , 4 4 - 1 3 - 2 2 2 6 6 1 3 3 2 3 - 2 1 - 1 1I - _ - _ - _ - _ - - 1 - _ 9 _ - 5 2 2 5 2 8 6 - 64 and 6 4 2 1 2 1 1 c j late 2 5 15 shifts, 11 6 7 4 - 8 2 1 _ _ - - 6 _ - 6 _ - _ - 1 1 .4 4 - _ _ _ _ - 2 2 - 2 _ _ _ _ _ 5 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 6 3 18 16 4 2 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 2 4 _ _ 1 ' _ - - I n cl u d e s data f o r w o r k e r s _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 6 _ _ _ _ - in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a ddi tio n to t h o s e 4 4 _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y , Table 25. Method of wage payment: Structural clay products (Percent of production workers by method of wage payment,1 United States and selected regions, September 1975) United States2 Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Pacific All workers.............................................................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Time-rated workers...................................................................................... Formal plans............................................................................................ Single ra te ............................................................................................ Range of rates.................................................................................... Individual rates........................................................................................ 76 66 51 15 10 58 55 39 16 3 82 76 76 83 59 40 19 24 76 62 32 30 14 69 69 63 6 1 78 78 46 33 - 92 85 84 1 7 Incentive workers.......................................................................................... Individual piecework................................................................................ Group piecework...................................................................................... Individual bonus...................................................................................... Group bonus ............................................................................................. 22 8 8 2 4 40 14 16 7 3 5 16 8 5 1 1 21 15 4 (3) 2 29 4 13 1 11 21 14 6 (3) 1 Stint workers................................................................................................ 2 3 4 1 3 1 1 Method of wage payment GO 1 For definition of method of wage payment, see appendix 6. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. - 6 14 4 5 - 6 2 4 2 Table 26. Method of wage payment: Selected structural clay products (Percent of production workers by method of wage payment,1 United States and selected regions, September 1975) Middle Atlantic United States2 Brick and Clay sewer pipe structural clay tile Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories All workers.............................................................................................. 100 100 100 100 Time-rated workers...................................................................................... Formal plans............................................................................................ Single ra te ............................................................................................ Range of rates.................................................................................... Individual rates....................................................................................... 79 62 47 15 17 68 62 43 19 6 76 75 58 17 1 Incentive workers......................................................................................... Individual piecework................................................................................ Group piecework...................................................................................... Individual bonus...................................................................................... Group bonus............................................................................................. 18 7 8 1 2 32 10 8 7 7 Stint workers................................................................................................ 3 Method of wage payment Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories Brick and structural clay tile 100 100 100 100 76 73 62 11 3 66 60 59 1 6 35 35 12 23 - 61 58 34 23 3 85 72 72 13 22 10 8 2 2 24 9 4 1 9 28 (3) 24 2 1 65 32 12 18 3 38 13 15 4 5 15 8 1 6 2 1 6 - Southeast Border States Southwest - 1 Great Lakes Middle West Brick and structural clay tile Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories Clay sewer pipe Clay refractories All workers.............................................................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Time-rated workers...................................................................................... Formal plans........................................................................................... Single ra te ........ Range of rates. Individual rates .... 83 51 37 14 33 73 60 22 38 14 94 75 58 16 20 70 70 59 11 - 61 58 48 10 3 77 77 76 1 (3) 67 67 66 1 - 80 80 44 Incentive workers......................................................................................... Individual piecework................................................................................ Group piecework...................................................................................... Individual bonus...................................................................................... Group bonus ............................................................................................. 15 9 6 1 - 22 13 6 3 6 5 1 39 2 16 1 21 23 7 9 3 4 32 5 8 (3) 19 20 16 - 26 3 18 (*> 5 Stint workers................................................................................................ 2 5 - 4 - - 1 For definition of method of w age payment, see appendix B 2 Includes d a ta for regions in addition to those shown separately. :1 Less th a n 0 .5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals. 1 36 - 3 1 (3) - Table 27. Scheduled weekly hours: Structural clay products (Pfercent of production workers by scheduled weekly hours,' United States and selected regions, September 1975) Table 28. Scheduled weekly hours: Selected structural clay products (Percent of production workers by scheduled weekly hours,1 United States and selected regions, September 1975) Weekly hours Brick and structural clay tile All workers.............................................................................................. Under 35 hours............................................................................................ 35 hours........................................................................................................ 40 hours........................................................................................................ 42 hours...... 42-1/2 hours 44 hours..... 45 hours..... 47 hours........................................................................................................ Over 47 hours.............................................................................................. 100 2 81 2 1 2 10 Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories 100 100 3 85 Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories Brick and structural clay tile 100 100 100 100 100 98 93 87 81 100 82 1 2 8 5 19 7 10 2 (3 ) 4 12 3 Brick and structural clay tile Brick and structural clay tile 100 5 - 100 - 78 64 4 3 - Ceramic wall and floor tile Brick and structural clay tile 100 100 - 100 93 - - - - 3 - 9 33 - - - - — Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Middle West Great Lakes Southwest 1 Data relate to the predominant schedule for full-time day-shift workers in each establishment. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Brick and Clay sewer pipe structural clay tile (3 ) Southeast All workers.............................................................................................. Under 35 hours............................................................................................ 35 hours..... ...................................... 40 hours..... ...................................... 42 hours..... ...................................... 42-1/2 hours........... ...................................... 4 4 hours ...................................... 45 hours ...................................... 4 7 hours ..................................................................................... Over 4 7 hours.............................................................................................. Border States Middle Atlantic United States2 — 7 Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories Clay sewer pipe Clay refractories 100 - 100 92 - 100 84 - 100 100 - 72 28 ~ - 8 - — 5 11 ' — Table 29. Shift differential provisions: Structural clay products (Percent of production workers by shift differential provisions.1 United States and selected regions. September 1975) Shift differential United States- Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Pacific 93.0 71.3 69.4 .9 2.7 7.6 2.6 4.6 4.8 1.6 18.7 .2 2.4 1.1 1.4 17.4 1.0 .3 1.8 .1 1.4 .9 .5 .5 96.7 88.6 83.6 1.6 2.4 _ 4.2 2.6 2.5 19.5 1.7 7.1 3.1 1.9 23.6 2.3 11.0 4.9 4.9 - 100.0 87.5 87.5 12.0 9.0 7.5 23.2 13.7 22.1 - 96.4 62.4 60.2 2.6 8.0 2.9 .7 2.4 37.0 2.4 1.6 2.5 2.2 2.2 - 90.2 41.3 41.3 14.5 5.6 9.9 1.0 5.7 3.5 1.1 - 86.7 74.8 73.8 4.6 4.8 3.0 5.0 19.5 15.6 1.4 9.8 1.1 6.7 1.6 .6 1.1 1.1 - 95.2 74.7 74.7 2.5 2.1 1.0 69.0 - 86.2 79.4 79.4 9.9 26.3 5.9 32.2 3.1 2.0 - 90.4 74.8 70.3 .6 2.0 2.1 3.7 1.1 19.2 3.6 3.0 1.1 12.2 1.2 .6 .9 14.9 1.4 2.4 .3 1.4 .2 .5 .7 3.0 96.7 88.6 83.6 .6 1.6 1.2 1.1 7.4 1.4 21.5 91.8 84.8 84.8 18.2 8.3 12.8 9.6 96.0 68.9 66.7 4.2 2.6 2.9 23.8 5.6 5.4 19.4 76.2 57.5 57.5 3.5 39.3 1.8 1.0 3.4 3.5 4.0 1.1 - 86.2 74.8 73.8 3.3 1.8 6.1 4.5 3.7 22.4 10.3 1.5 1.4 9.8 95.2 74.7 51.3 2.1 3.6 3.0 86.8 80.0 80.0 2.5 7.5 26.3 Second shift Workers in establishments with second-shift provisions.............................................................................. With shift differential Uniform cents per hour..................................................................... Under 4 cents 4 cents 5 cents 6 cents 7 cents 8 cents ............................................................................................. 9 cents ............................................................................................. 10 cents........................................................................................... 11 cents........................................................................................... 12 cents ........................................................................................... 13 cents...........:........................... .................................................. 14 cents ........................................................................................... 15 cents........................................................................................... Over 15 and under 20 cents...................................................... 20 cents........................................................................................... 25 cents........................................................................................... Over 25 cents Uniform percentage............................................................................. 5 percent 9 percent Other .... Third or other late shift Workers in establishments with thirdor other late-shift provisions................................................................... With shift differential............................................................................. Uniform cents per hour..................................................................... Under 5 cents 5 cents........ 6 cents ........ 8 cents ........ 9 cents ............................................................................................. 10 cents..... 12 cents ......................................... 13 cents 14 cents 15 cents 16 cents 17 cents........................................................................................... 18 cents........................................................................................... 20 cents........................................................................................... Over 20 and under 25 cents...................................................... 25 cents ........................................................................................... Over 25 cents................................................................................. Uniform percentage 7-1/2 percent 9 percent.... 10 percent... Other ...................................................................................................... - 1.5 4.5 26.4 5.4 11.0 4.9 4.9 - 13.7 - 22.1 - 2.7 - - - 2.2 2.2 - - - 7.4 - 1.6 1.1 1.1 " ' Refers to policies of establishments currently operating late shifts or having provisions covering late shifts. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. - 42.6 23.4 - 5.9 - 32.8 3.1 2.0 ~ Table 30. Shift differential provisions: Selected structural clay products (Percent of production workers by shift differential provisions.1 United States and selected regions, September 1975) United StatesShift differential Middle Atlantic Brick and Clay sewer pipe structural clay tile Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories 90.8 52.2 51.1 2.0 3.6 11.5 1.3 .4 6.3 1.4 16.6 1.1 .6 4.3 1.2 .3 .3 .3 1.1 1.1 - 94.2 82.1 77.8 _ 2.ft 4.9 4.6 2.6 4.4 _ 28.7 2.7 2.4 6.9 6.9 10.8 4.4 4.4 - 97.8 96.7 95.8 .8 1.9 1.4 .7 2.6 4.3 17.4 1.1 6.2 1.9 1.1 53.8 2.0 .9 _ .9 .9 - 90.2 83.7 79.7 _ 3.1 7.3 4.6 29.5 3.9 _ 16.7 _ 14.5 _ _ 4.0 89.2 60.9 59.8 1.4 3.8 2.2 6.5 .3 20.4 4.4 3.6 9.2 .6 5.6 1.2 .3 .3 1.1 82.8 78.3 73.9 1.1 2.9 2.6 21.7 2.4 14.2 6.9 2.7 5.2 13.1 .9 4.4 97.8 96.7 85.0 .8 1.4 1.9 3.2 1.7 4.6 21.1 .6 .9 2.8 41.4 3.9 .9 .9 .9 - 90.2 83.7 79.7 3.1 2.9 1.7 43.7 5.7 3.9 4.1 14.5 - Border States Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories Brick and structural clay tile 94.8 78.7 78.7 _ 6.5 _ 9.4 8.8 19.3 7.4 _ 19.0 8.1 _ _ - 100.0 86.4 67.7 _ _ _ _ _ 25.6 _ _ _ 42.1 _ 18.7 18.7 - 95.2 95.2 95.2 _ _ _ _ _ 18.8 4.4 12,9 8.0 4.8 46.4 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 100.0 73.5 73.5 _ 25.5 _ _ _ 13.2 _ 27.2 _ _ _ _ 7.6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 94.8 78.7 78.7 _ 4.3 4.0 11.7 4.9 7.4 _ 38.4 8.1 - 100.0 86.4 67.7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25.6 _ 95.2 95.2 95.2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32.3 _ 3.7 11.6 39.6 8.0 _ 100.0 85.2 85.2 _ _ _ 38.7 _ 17.7 Second shift Workers in establishments with second-shift provisions.............................................................................. With shift differential............................................................................. Uniform cents per hour..................................................................... Under 4 cents 4 cents ....... 5 cents ....... 6 cents ....... 7 cents ............................................................................................. 8 cents 9 cents 10 cents 11 cents 12 cents .......................................................................................... 13 cents .......................................................................................... 14 cents .......................................................................................... 15 cents .......................................................................................... Over 15 and under 20 cents...................................................... 20 cents .......................................................................................... 25 cents .......................................................................................... Over 25 cents................................................................................. Uniform percentage............................................................................ 5 percent ......................................................................................... 9 percent ......................................................................................... Other ..................................................................................................... Third or other late shift Workers in establishments with thirdor other late-shift provisions................................................................... With shift differential............................................................................ Uniform cents per hour..................................................................... Under 5 cents................................................................................. 5 cents ............................................................................................ 6 cents ............................................................................................ 8 cents ............................................................................................. 9 cents ............................................................................................. 10 cents .......................................................................................... 12 cents .......................................................................................... 13 cents .......................................................................................... 14 cents .......................................................................................... 15 cents .......................................................................................... 16 cents 17 cents 18 cents 20 cents Over 20 and under 25 cents...................................................... 25 cents .......................................................................................... Over 25 cents................................................................................. Uniform percentage............................................................................ 7-1/2 percent................................................................................... 9 percent ......................................................................................... 10 percent....................................................................................... Other ..................................................................................................... - 1.1 - - - 4.4 - - 10.8 - _ 42.1 - _ - 18.7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7.6 _ _ _ 21.2 _ - - - _ _ - - - _ _ - - _ _ 4.0 - - - 18.7 - Table 30. Shift differential provisions: Selected structural clay products— Continued (Percent of production workers by shift differential provisions,1 United States and selected regions, September 1975) Middle West Great Lakes Southwest Southeast Shift differential Brick and structural clay tile Brick and structural clay tile Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile 95.2 45.6 42.3 _ 2.7 9.7 1.9 1.0 3.6 _ 22.1 1.3 3.3 3.3 - 84.9 22.9 22.9 _ 11.1 _ 10.0 1.7 - 100.0 66.7 66.7 7.6 22.5 13.6 23.0 - 84.4 59.2 59.2 12.4 4.2 4.7 4.4 20.6 3.8 2.7 95.2 55.2 51.9 6.2 2.7 1.9 18.5 3.6 5.6 11.8 1.6 - 76.1 47.9 47.9 5.4 40.8 - 66.7 66.7 66.7 30.1 7.0 13.6 15.9 - 84.4 59.2 59.2 8.8 4.7 7.8 7.5 2.6 17.6 6.8 1.7 1.7 ~ Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories Clay sewer pipe Clay refractories 71.5 63.7 63.7 14.9 13.3 22.5 13.0 - 100.6 100.0 94.8 4.5 6.0 7.8 3.8 14.7 19.8 33.2 4.9 5.2 5.2 - 88.0 82.8 82.8 66.0 5.9 10.9 - 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 68.0 63.7 63.7 14.9 13.3 22.5 13.0 - 100.0 100.0 94.8 4.5 7.8 6.0 18.6 7.1 12.7 - 88.0 82.8 82.8 66.0 _ 5.9 10.9 Second shift Workers in establishments with second-shift provisions.............................................................................. With shift differential............................................................................. Uniform cents per hour...................................................................... Under 4 cents................................................................................. 4 cents ............................................................................................. 5 cents 6 cents 7 cents 8 cents 9 cents 10 cents 11 cents ........................................................................................... 12 cents 13 cents 14 cents 15 cents Over 15 and under 20 cents...................................................... 20 cents ..... 25 cents..... Over 25 cents Uniform percentage 5 percent.......................................................................................... 9 percent.......................................................................................... Other ...................................................................................................... - 3.0 1.7 1.7 - - - 100.0 - Third or other late shift Workers in establishments with thirdor other late-shift provisions.................................................................... With shift differential............................................................................. Uniform cents per hour...................................................................... Under 5 cents.................................................................................. 5 cents .............................................................................................. 6 cents .............................................................................................. 8 cents .............................................................................................. 9 cents .............................................................................................. 10 cents........................................................................................... 12 cents ........................................................................................... 13 cents........................................................................................... 14 cents ........................................................................................... 15 cents........................................................................................... 16 cents........................................................................................... 17 cents........................................................................................... 18 cents ........................................................................................... 20 cents ........................................................................................... Over 20 and under 25 cents....................................................... 25 cents........................................................................................... Over 25 cents.................................................................................. Uniform percentage............................................................................. 7-1/2 percent.................................................................................... 9 percent.......................................................................................... 10 percent............................... ........................................................ Other ...................................................................................................... ' - - - - 3.3 3.3 ~ 1.7 - Refers to policies of establishments currently operating late shifts or having provisions covering late shifts. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 100.0 100.0 64.6 _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - 33.2 - - - - - 4.9 5.2 5.2 - - — - - 64.6 _ _ 35.4 Table 31. Shift differential practices: Structural clay products (Percent of production workers employed on late shifts by amount of pay differential, United States and selected regions, September 1975) Shift differential United States' Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Pacific 15.0 14.6 13.3 (-) .1 - 16.7 16.2 16.2 1.1 .3 2.2 4.5 3.0 5.0 - 9.5 6.5 6.5 .1 .6 .1 .1 .6 4.1 .3 .3 .4 .1 .1 - 8.0 2.7 2.7 .7 .8 .7 .2 .1 (-) (-) - 6.5 6.0 5.9 .2 .1 .4 .2 1.4 1.7 (-) .8 (-) .9 .1 (12) .1 .1 - 18.3 17.1 17.1 .1 .1 .2 16.8 - 6.6 6.3 6.3 .1 2.2 .8 2.8 .2 .2 - 3.3 2.9 2.9 - 3.8 3.1 3.0 .1 .1 .1 .6 .1 .3 2.2 1.6 1.6 .1 8.1 7.4 5.5 - 4.5 4.2 4.2 - 1.1 - 3.5 3.2 3.1 .2 .1 .2 .4 n .7 .4 C-) _ - (-) .1 _ _ 1.8 .3 _ 1.7 .2 _ .2 - Second shift Workers employed on second shift........................................................... Receiving differential Uniform cents per hour...................................................................... Under 4 cents 4 cents 5 cents 6 cents 7 cents 8 cents ............................................................................................. 9 cents 10 cents 11 cents 12 cents 13 cents .......................................................................................... 14 cents ............................. 15 cents ............................. Over 15 and under 20 cents 20 cents ............................. 25 cents .......................................................................................... Over 25 cents Uniform percentage 5 percent 9 percent Other'.... 10.7 9.0 8.7 n .1 .5 .2 .3 .6 .2 2.2 .1 .3 .3 .3 3.5 .1 (-) .1 .2 .2 (*) .1 .3 .1 3.3 .4 .9 1.4 .1 5.8 .4 .6 1.3 . 1.3 - Third or other late shift Workers employed on third or other late shift ....................................................................... Receiving differential.............................................................................. Uniform cents per hour..................................................................... Under 5 cents................................................................................. 5 cents ............................................................................................ 6 cents ............................................................................. 8 cents ............................................................................................. 9 cents ............................................................................................ 10 cents 12 cents 13 cents 14 cents 15 cents 16 cents 17 cents .......................................................................................... 18 cents ............................. 20 cents............................. Over 20 and under 25 cents 25 cents ............................. Over 25 cents................................................................................. Uniform percentage............................................................................. 7-1/2 percent................................................................................... 9 percent......................................................................................... 10 percent....................................................................................... Other ..................................................................................................... 4.1 3.6 3.3 n ( ’) .1 .2 (-) .6 .1 .1 (2) .7 (-) (-’) (-’) 1.3 .1 .1 ( ’) (-) n ( '- ) .2 (2) .2 .1 - Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. _ .5 .2 .5 .1 - .5 - 1.6 - - - (-) - - .1 2.2 .4 .4 .1 .1 - - " " .2 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. - Less than 0.05 percent. NOTE: 4.5 4.3 4.2 (2) 1.6 - - _ (-) n .1 ~ - .2 (2) - .5 (*) .1 .1 - .1 - - - .1 - - - - .1 .1 - .5 (-) (*) .2 _ 5.3 _ 1.9 _ Table 32. Shift differential practices: Selected structural clay products (Percent of production workers employed on late shifts by amount of pay differential, United States and selected regions, September 1975) Middle Atlantic United States' Shift differential Brick and structural clay tile Brick and Clay sewer pipe structural clay tile Border States Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories 10.5 9.3 9.3 .3 1.1 .2 1.4 .8 4.3 1.3 - 15.5 15.3 10.4 8.2 2.2 4.9 4.9 - 20.1 20.1 20.1 2.0 .9 1.9 3.6 .2 11.6 - - 2.3 2.1 1.9 .4 - 5.6 5.6 5.6 .9 3.4 2.5 2.5 1.1 .5 _ .7 - - 5.6 5.1 5.1 .6 .2 .6 .5 .2 - - - - - - .1 .2 3.6 .8 - - Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories 14.0 11.8 10.6 .6 .7 .6 .4 5.1 .4 .4 1.5 .3 .6 1.2 1.2 - 18.0 18.0 17.9 .1 .2 P) P) .3 .8 1.9 .2 .9 .9 (*) 12.6 P> .1 .1 .1 - 5.3 5.1 4.7 .1 .5 .1 1.3 .1 .7 1.8 .5 2.5 2.4 2.3 .7 .1 .3 .2 7.7 7.7 6.8 .1 P) .1 .2 P) .1 1.8 P) P) .1 4.2 .2 n .1 .1 .9 2.7 2.5 2.3 .1 (*) .1 1.0 .1 .1 .3 Second shift Workers employed on second shift.......................................................... Receiving differential.............................................................................. Uniform cents per hour..................................................................... Under 4 cents 4 cents ....... 5 cents ....... 6 cents ...... 7 cents ............................................................................................. 8 cents 9 cents 10 cents 11 cents 12 cents 13 cents 14 cents ........................................................................................... 15 cents ............................ Over 15 and under 20 cents 20 cents ............................ 25 cents............................ Over 25 cents................................................................................. Uniform percentage............................................................................. 5 percent.......................................................................................... 9 percent .......................................................................................... Other ...................................................................................................... 7.6 4.8 4.8 .1 .3 .5 H (2) .9 (-) 1.9 .1 .1 .7 .1 (*) P) P) P) P> - 6.5 5.4 5.4 2.4 .5 1.8 .6 - Third or other late shift Workers employed on third or other late shift..................................................................................... Receiving differential.............................................................................. Uniform cents per hour..................................................................... Under 5 cents................................................................................. 5 cents ............................................................................................. 6 cents............................................................................................. 8 cents 9 cents 10 cents 12 cents 13 cents 14 cents 15 cents........................................................................................... 16 cents ........................................................................................... 17 cents........................................................................................... 18 cents ........................................................................................... 20 cents........................................................................................... Over 20 and under 25 cents...................................................... 25 cents........................................................................................... Over 25 cents................................................................................. Uniform percentage 7-1/2 percent 9 percent .... 10 percent.. Other ...................................................................................................... 3.2 2.3 2.3 .1 .1 .1 .3 P) .6 .1 .2 .4 - C-’) .3 .1 (-) P) P) P) - - - .6 - .4 .1 .1 .1 - - .6 - .1 2.7 .3 - - 1.5 .2 .2 - _ .2 _ - Table 32. Shift differential practices: Selected structural clay products— Continued (Percent of production workers employed on late shifts by amount of pay differential, United States and selected regions, September 1975) Southeast Shift differential Brick and structural clay tile Southwest Brick and structural clay tile Great Lakes Ceramic wall and floor tile Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Middle West Clay refractories Clay sewer pipe Clay refractories Second shift Workers employed on second shift Receiving differential................. Uniform cents per hour........ Under 4 cents.................... 4 cents............................................................................................. 5 cents ............................................................................................. 6 cents ............................................................................................. 7 cents ............................................................................................. 8 cents ............................................................................................. 9 cents ............................................................................................. 10 cents.......................................................................................... 11 cents 12 cents 13 cents 14 cents 15 cents Over 15 and under 20 cents....................................................... 20 cents ........................................................... 25 cents ..... ......................... Over 25 cents ......................... Uniform percentage ......................... 5 percent......................................................................................... 9 percent ......................................................................................... Other ..................................................................................................... 9.6 5.2 5.1 .1 .3 .1 .1 1.0 _ 3.5 _ .1 5.1 .8 .8 .3 _ • .4 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .1 (12) - _ - 2.8 1.7 1.6 .1 .1 (2) .6 (*) .4 2.2 1.3 1.3 .1 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 .7 2.1 2.0 2.0 _ _ - - - 3.5 2.6 2.6 .5 .2 .2 .8 .1 .5 - - - - - - - - _ - - .1 .1 .1 - 15.9 5.7 5.7 .3 3.4 1.6 .5 5.9 4.9 4.9 .5 .2 .7 .1 _ 2.9 .1 .2 _ .1 - 7.3 7.0 7.0 3.2 2.2 _ 1.6 _ _ _ 9.7 9.7 9.2 .3 .8 .2 .2 1.4 _ 1.4 _ _ _ 4.7 _ .4 _ .5 .5 - 4.4 4.2 4.2 _ _ 3.4 .1 _ .7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 24.1 24.1 24.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 6.0 6.0 5.5 _ _ .3 _ .2 .3 1.1 _ .2 1.2 _ _ _ 2.2 _ .2 .5 .5 2.5 2.4 2.4 _ _ _ _ _ 1.5 _ .1 _ .7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 10.9 10.9 8.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8.0 Third or other late shift Workers employed on third or other late shift..................................................................................... Receiving differential.............................................................................. Uniform cents per hour..................................................................... Under 5 cents................................................................................. 5 cents ............................................................................................. 6 cents ............................................................................................. 8 cents ............................................................................................. 9 cents ............................................................................................. 10 cents .......................................................................................... 12 cents .......................................................................................... 13 cents .......................................................................................... 14 cents .......................................................................................... 15 cents .......................................................................................... 16 cents .......................................................................................... 17 cents .......................................................................................... 18 cents .......................................................................................... 20 cents .......................................................................................... Over 20 and under 25 cents....................................................... 25 cents .......................................................................................... Over 25 cents................................................................................. Uniform percentage............................................................................. 7-1/2 percent................................................................................... 9 percent ......................................................................................... 10 percent....................................................................................... Other ..................................................................................................... .3 .2 - - - - _ - - - - - - _ - - - - n - - - .7 .2 .1 ,i i - - 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Less than 0.05 percent. NOTE. .1 - _ 1.8 _ Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. - - .1 C-') - .2 - - - - - - - - - _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ 2.9 Table 33. Paid holidays: Structural clay products (Pfercent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States and selected regions, September 1975) Number of paid holidays Ml workers............................................................................ Workers in establishments providing paid holidays......................................................................... Under 4 days ..................................................................................... 4 days .......................................................................................... 5 days................................................................................................... 6 days ........................................................................................ 6 days plus 1 or 2 half days........................................................... 7 days.......................................................................... 8 days........................................................................ 8 days plus 1 or 2 half d ays......................................................... 9 days............................................................... 9 days plus 1 half day 9 days plus 2 half days 10 days.............................................................. 10 days plus 1 or 2 half days................................ 11 days........................................................................ United States1 Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Pacific 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 (2) 3 8 15 2 21 13 1 21 3 (2) 6 1 1 100 _ _ _ 8 _ 10 9 _ 37 12 2 17 2 5 94 94 1 4 17 22 89 96 100 98 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. _ _ 23 3 _ 17 19 _ 18 _ _ _ 30. 7 4 _ 14 16 27 6 10 13 1 1 _ _ 16 6 26 18 3 24 2 11 15 3 69 1 14 4 2 16 30 5 12 19 3 8 2 - - - - 6 Table 34. Paid holidays: Selected structural clay products (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States and selected regions, September 1975) Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile All workers.............................................................................................. Workers in establishments providing paid holidays............................................................................ Under 4 days 4 days ...... 5 days ...... 6 days ...... 6 days plus 1 or 2 half days............................................................. 7 days ....................................................................................................... 8 days ....................................................................................................... 8 days plus 1 or 2 half days............................................................. 9 days ........................................................................ 9 days plus 1 half day........................................................................ 9 days plus 2 half days...................................................................... 10 days ..................................................................................................... 10 days plus 1 or 2 half days........................................................... 1l days ....................................................................................... 100 100 100 100 100 93 1 6 15 24 1 23 15 1 6 1 91 3 8 3 20 13 3 19 10 100 3 1 3 2 8 100 10 4 53 14 2 8 7 100 27 _ 4 25 (2) 6 Clay refractories 61 1 2 19 1 Brick and Clay sewer pipe structural clay tile _ 2 7 Clay refractories Brick and structural clay tile 100 100 100 100 _ 14 _ _ 100 _ _ 5 _ 63 3 4 25 _ _ 87 32 6 _ 36 12 _ _ Ceramic wall and floor tile _ _ 43 42 _ _ _ _ 26 _ 19 _ _ _ _ _ Middle West Great Lakes Southwest Southeast Border States Middle Atlantic United States1 Number of paid holidays Brick and structural clay tile Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories Clay sewer pipe Clay refractories 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 91 2 6 25 23 92 14 17 100 72 4 15 4 100 5 _ _ - - 6 100 7 11 49 19 5 9 - 100 - 28 8 86 21 19 35 5 3 3 8 - All workers.............................................................................................. Workers in establishments providing paid holidays........................................................................... Under 4 days 4 days ..... 5 days ..... 6 days ..... 6 days plus 1 or 2 half days............................................................. 7 days ..................................................................... 8 days ....................................................................................................... 8 days plus 1 or 2 half days............................................................. 9 days ....................................................................................................... 9 days plus 1 half day........................................................................ 9 days plus 2 half days........ 10 days ....................................... 10 days plus 1 or 2 half days 11 days....................................... _ — 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. — _ 33 23 6 - - 30 2 32 18 6 13 49 - - _ - - - - " ' _ 4 31 46 " - _ _ _ _ 100 - Table 35. Paid vacations: Structural clay products (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and selected regions, September 1975) United States' Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Pacific All workers............................................................................................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Method of payment Workers in establishments providing paid vacations.......................................................................... Length-of-time payment........................................................................... Percentage payment................................................................................ Flat su m .................................................................................................... 97 53 44 1 100 33 67 - 97 44 45 8 97 79 18 - 90 61 29 - 100 45 55 - 100 8 92 - 97 75 22 - 1 80 14 (:l) 72 25 - 78 18 - 1 89 1 88 2 - 2 87 10 - 34 66 - 4 93 - 1 66 7 12 10 54 20 11 15 54 4 24 14 1 80 3 7 - 74 6 8 2 2 80 7 8 4 32 8 2 58 44 _ 53 - (••) 40 5 38 13 (•') 28 13 34 25 - 14 65 18 49 8 38 - - 65 23 2 - 2 57 5 30 6 - 16 18 66 - 10 2 69 14 2 1 5 14 64 19 - 18 5 70 2 - 15 2 65 8 (:‘) - 5 3 6 83 9 3 - 28 68 - 83 8 - 14 29 34 21 - 14 59 21 2 - 7 64 2 17 - 11 3 21 66 2 4 10 _ 81 _ - - - - 2 48 1 37 5 4 3 - - Vacation policy Amount of vacation pay 2 After 1 year of service: Under 1 week........................................................................................... 1 w eek....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks.................................................................. 2 weeks......................:............................................................................. After 2 years of service: Under 1 week........................................................................................... 1 w eek....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ........................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks After 3 years of service: Under 1 week ........................................................................................... 1 week....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks .................................................................. 2 weeks ........................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks ........................... After 5 years of service: 1 w eek....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ........................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks ........................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks .................................................................. After 10 years of service: 1 week....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ........................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks ........................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks .................................................................. 4 weeks ..................................................................................................... Over 4 weeks ........................................................................................... After 12 years of service: 1 week....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks .................................................................. 2 weeks ..................................................................................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks .................................................................. 3 weeks ........................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks 4 weeks ........................... Over 4 weeks ................. After 15 years of service: 1 week....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ........................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks See footnotes at end of table. 6 (:t) 43 2 32 13 1 1 6 (•') 33 2 40 13 1 1 6 1 17 2 70 20 5 1 33 7 38 21 - 1 - - 14 7 55 21 2 - 29 34 21 - 14 58 1 21 2 - 1 14 11 4 14 35 1 5 6 14 - 7 2 64 2 17 - 26 1 59 5 4 3 10 _ 22 66 3 - 7 39 - 1 2 5 _ - 10 - 86 - 1 2 4 5 - 6 2 _ 84 _ 2 _ 2 4 2 - Table 35. Paid vacations: Structural clay products— Continued (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations aftej selected periods of service. United States and selected regions. September 1975) Vacation policy United States' Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Pacific 48 15 8 1 1 48 22 18 47 21 44 2 66 5 16 3 3 23 66 3 - Amount of vacation pay 2— Continued After IS years of service: 3 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks .................................................................. 4 weeks ..................................................................................................... Over 4 and under 5 weeks.................................................................. 5 weeks and over................................................................................... After 20 years of service:4 1 week....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ........................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks ..................................................................................................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks 4 weeks ........................... Over 4 and under 5 weeks 5 weeks ........................... Over 5 and under 6 weeks.................................................................. 6 (:‘) 16 1 28 1 30 13 2 1 - - 36 9 - - - - - - - - - 14 11 30 14 29 1 40 - 1 4 4 12 3 40 21 14 - _ - 24 18 13 7 39 27 2 16 - - - - - - - - 1 2 4 33 1 49 8 1 3 30 - - - 2 - 6 6 21 17 - _ 7 66 - 72 - - - - 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Vacation payments, such as percent of annual earnings, were converted to an equivalent time basis. Periods of service were chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes indicated at 10 years may include changes that occurred between 5 and 10 years. Less than 0.5 percent. 4 Vacation provisions were virtually the same after longer periods of service. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 59 Table 36. Paid vacations: Selected structural clay products (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and selected regions, September 1975) Middle Atlantic United States' Brick and Clay sewer pipe structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories Brick and structural clay tile 100 100 100 100 100 33 67 - 100 43 57 - 100 39 61 - 100 23 77 - 93 76 18 - 1 43 55 - 96 4 - 73 15 - 100 - 48 52 - 93 - 79 11 10 - 38 10 8 44 85 7 8 - 68 27 4 - 56 26 19 - 35 14 12 39 46 47 - 36 14 50 - 12 3 31 54 48 3 40 - 54 12 18 15 14 26 61 - 12 8 28 52 13 80 - - - - - - - - - 91 4 2 - 16 68 15 - 100 - 13 78 2 - 58 38 5 56 20 18 39 61 Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories All workers.............................................................................................. 100 100 100 100 Method of payment Workers in establishments providing paid vacations......................................................................... length-of-time payment.......................................................................... Percentage payment................................................................................ Flat su m .... .............................................................................................. 95 76 19 - 100 52 48 - 100 21 76 3 (:‘) 88 3 1 100 - (•*) 72 5 15 1 54 5 34 2 - Vacation policy Border States Amount of vacation pay After 1 year of service: Under 1 week........................................................................................... 1 week....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks.................................................................. 2 weeks .................................................................................................... After 2 years of service: Under 1 week........................................................................................... 1 week............................. Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ........................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks After 3 years of service: 1 week....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ........................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks .................................................................................................... After 5 years of service: 1 week....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ............................ Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks ........................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks.................................................................. After 10 years of service: 1 week....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks.................................................................. 2 weeks ..................................................................................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks.................................................................. 3 weeks ..................................................................................................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks.................................................................. 4 weeks ..................................................................................................... Over 4 weeks ........................................................................................... After 12 years of service: 1 week....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks .................................................................. 2 weeks ............................ Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks............................ . ■ Over 3 and under 4 weeks 4 weeks ..................................................................................................... Over 4 weeks ........................................................................................... After 15 years of service-. 1 week....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks .................................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 14 3 74 3 (:‘) - 83 5 2 - 11 59 3 22 (:<) 3 41 56 - - - 3 1 6 1 29 57 3 - - - 11 51 3 30 P) 1 - 3 32 64 1 - 3 1 6 1 28 57 4 11 - - - 10 - 3 5 38 51 4 3 3 - 3 1 5 3 40 52 13 _ 61 _ 19 _ - - - - - - - - - - ■- - 5 29 20 46 - 14 - - 13 _ 61 86 - 5 3 35 52 5 - - - - - 4 - 48 39 14 - 24 72 4 5 - - - _ 19 _ _ • 13 - Table 36. Paid vacations: Selected structural clay products—Continued (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and selected regions, September 1975) Vacation policy Ceramic wall and floor tile Border States Middle Atlantic United States' Brick and structural clay tile Clay refractories Brick and Clay sewer pipe structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories 32 57 9 Brick and structural clay tile Amount of vacation pay 2— Continued After IS years of service: 2 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks.................................................................. 3 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks.................................................................. 4 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 4 and under 5 weeks.................................................................. 5 weeks and over................................................................................... After 20 years of service:4 1 week...................................................................................................... 2 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks.................................................................. 3 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks 4 weeks ........................... Over 4 and under 5 weeks 5 weeks ........................... Over 5 and under 6 weeks.................................................................. 27 3 49 1 4 15 2 59 5 19 28 58 7 1 3 15 3 2 30 10 2 27 55 1 (:i) 1 12 2 70 15 20 55 58 12 5 42 23 9 48 4 11 25 2 35 1 21 (:‘) (:‘) 43 10 Southeast 29 14 56 40 44 2 4 42 Southwest Brick and structural clay tile Brick and structural clay tile All workers.............................................................................................. 100 Method of payment Workers in establishments providing paid vacations......................................................................... Length-of-time payment.......................................................................... Percentage payment................................................................................ Flat su m ................................................................................................... 13 23 5 15 15 25 9 1 9 33 52 5 Great Lakes 40 18 Middle West Ceramic wall and floor tile Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall apd floor tile Clay refractories Clay sewer pipe Clay refractories 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 89 6 - 85 67 17 - 100 70 30 - 100 71 29 - 100 36 64 - 100 31 69 - 100 28 72 - 100 100 - 1 84 2 82 3 - 100 - 94 6 - 100 - _ 70 25 - _ 89 11 - _ _ 100 _ 1 73 3 11 - 73 8 3 67 26 7 - 83 6 10 - - 100 - 57 7 18 18 89 11 _ - _ _ 12 _ 88 61 73 8 3 - 55 45 - 58 8 31 3 87 13 - 18 57 25 - 73 _ 27 - _ _ _ 100 - Amount of vacation pay After 1 year of service: Under 1 week.......................................................................................... 1 week.............................. Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ........................... After 2 years of service: Under 1 week.......................................................................................... 1 week...................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ........................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks After 3 years of service: 1 week...................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ........................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks ........................... See footnotes at end of table. 5 28 - - Table 36. Paid vacations: Selected structural clay products—Continued (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and selected regions, September 1975) Great Lakes Southwest Southeast Vacation policy Middle West Ceramic wall and floor tile Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories Clay sewer pipe Clay refractories 8 3 70 3 - 39 38 23 - 96 4 - 4 96 - 5 62 25 8 - 7 77 11 5 - 100 - 21 65 9 - 8 69 3 5 - 6 64 30 - 54 2 41 3 - 4 51 46 - 51 22 18 - 73 16 11 100 - 21 63 2 9 - 8 69 3 5 - 6 64 30 - 39 2 57 3 - 4 51 46 - - - 8 51 22 18 - 7 82 11 _ 100 - 21 40 2 33 - 8 37 36 3 - 6 58 13 23 - - 4 55 41 - - - 21 34 2 35 8 37 6 58 - - 7 - - - - - - - _ 31 3 5 13 51 2 36 3 3 - 19 34 16 - Brick and structural clay tile Brick and structural clay tile 27 8 60 - Amount of vacation pay -’— Continued After 5 years of service: 1 week....................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks.......................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks .......................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks After 10 years of service: 1 w eek...................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks .......................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks .................................................................. 4 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 4 weeks .......................................................................................... After 12 years of service: 1 week...................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks .................................................................. 2 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks .................................................................. 3 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks 4 weeks .......................... Over 4 weeks ................ After 15 years of service: 1 week...................................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks ... ... 2 weeks..................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks .. 3 weeks ...................................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks .................................................................. 4 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 4 and under 5 weeks.................................................................. 5 weeks and over................................................................................... After 20 years of service-.4 1 week...................................................................................................... 2 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks .................................................................. 3 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks.................................................................. 4 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 4 and under 5 weeks.................................................................. 5 weeks .................................................................................................... Over 5 and under 6 weeks .................................................................. - 4 - 23 - - - - - - - - 7 78 2 11 3 - 4 7 8 5 7 39 22 26 8 - 82 11 - - _ - - - - 77 66 - - 33 33 - 100 - - - - - - 11 - 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Vacation payments, such as percent of annual earnings, were converted to an equivalent time basis. Periods of service were chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes indicated at 10 years may include changes that occurred between 5 and 10 years. '* Less than 0.5 percent. 4 Vacation provisions were virtually the same after longer periods of service. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 100 - Table 37. Health, insurance, and retirement plans: Structural clay products (Percent of production workers in establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,1 United States and selected regions, September 1975) United States12* Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Pacific All workers.............................................................................................. Workers in establishments providing: 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Life insurance.......................................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Accidental death and dismemberment insurance................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both-'1.......................................................................... Sickness and accident insurance.................................................... Noncontributory plans.................................................................... Sick leave (full pay, no waiting period)........................................................................... Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period)............................................................................ Long-term disability insurance.............................................................. Noncontributory plans Hospitalization insurance Noncontributory plans Surgical insurance........ Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Medical insurance................................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Major medical insurance....................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Dental insurance..................................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Retirement plans4 ................................................................................... Pensions................................................................................................ Noncontributory plans.................................................................... Severance p a y ..................................................................................... No plans................................................................................................... 95 80 97 85 93 83 98 76 91 79 96 80 99 99 93 76 83 70 76 71 77 66 80 60 80 72 88 71 99 99 89 73 74 69 56 90 86 73 78 75 62 59 57 40 43 41 39 97 97 76 94 93 93 63 8 8 4 4 3 2 _ _ 4 26 2 _ Type of plan 4 3 3 98 78 98 77 94 75 80 64 2 2 71 70 66 8 2 1 Includes those plans for which the employer pays at least part of the cost and by State temporary disability laws are included if the employer contributes more than is plans” include only those financed entirely by the employer. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Unduplicated total of workers receiving sickness and accident insurance and sick 4 Unduplicated total of workers covered by pension plans and severance pay shown NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 7 7 97 93 95 91 92 88 84 69 4 4 93 93 93 15 3 _ - 99 78 99 78 99 78 67 49 6 6 88 88 88 1 1 4 4 99 70 99 70 96 67 78 57 - 92 72 92 72 90 72 56 47 - - - 67 67 67 1 47 38 11 9 8 _ - - 99 75 99 73 90 70 86 67 2 2 73 73 70 2 1 6 6 100 96 100 96 100 96 91 90 82 82 82 37 _ 37 3 3 100 81 100 81 100 81 99 81 5 5 58 58 58 - excludes legally required plans such as workers’ compensation and social security; however, plans required legally required or the employees receive benefits in excess of legal requirements. “Noncontributory leave shown separately. separately. Table 38. Health, insurance, and retirement plans: Selected structural clay products (Percent of production workers in establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,1 United States and selected regions, September 1975) Border States Middle Atlantic United States- Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories Brick and structural clay tile 100 100 100 100 98 82 89 84 100 74 100 91 85 63 89 87 93 77 89 84 32 32 92 83 * 85 63 81 75 58 98 96 92 97 84 73 85 69 64 86 86 61 95 95 82 53 47 18 5 1 4 5 15 - - 6 2 2 2 96 66 96 65 92 62 74 53 4 3 58 58 52 4 3 5 100 79 100 79 92 75 79 51 1 1 74 67 63 7 - 12 7 7 98 85 98 85 98 • 85 89 82 79 79 72 2 19 19 89 89 84 84 84 84 79 79 4 4 84 84 84 26 11 -100 100 100 100 86 86 74 32 100 100 100 - - 3 3 100 97 100 97 99 96 88 85 2 2 93 93 93 22 - 98 54 98 54 98 54 92 54 12 12 79 79 79 2 Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories Clay sewer pipe Clay refractories Brick and Clay sewer pipe structural clay tile Type of plan Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories Ail workers.............................................................................................. Workers in establishments providing: 100 100 100 100 Life insurance........................................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Accidental death and dismemberment insurance................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both'1......................................................................... Sickness and accident insurance.................................................... Noncontributory plans.................................................................... Sick leave (full pay, no waiting period)............................................................................ Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period)............................................................................. Long-term disability insurance.............................................................. Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Hospitalization insurance....................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Surgical insurance.................................................................................. Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Medical insurance................................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Major medical insurance....................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Dental insurance..................................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Retirement plans4 ................................................................................... Pensions................................................................................................ Noncontributory plans .................................................................... Severance p a y ..................................................................................... No plans................................................................................................... 91 72 96 76 100 97 80 64 71 58 55 49 33 - Southwest Southeast 3 3 100 90 100 90 100 90 90 82 8 8 95 95 95 21 - Great Lakes Middle West Brick and structural clay tile Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Brick and structural clay tile All workers.............................................................................................. Workers in establishments providing. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Life insurance........................................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Accidental death and dismemberment insurance................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both-1.......................................................................... Sickness and accident insurance.................................................... Noncontributory plans .................................................................... Sick leave (full pay. no waiting period)............................................................................ 98 72 88 77 94 79 92 82 100 49 100 96 95 83 100 100 84 61 74 68 88 74 78 62 96 46 100 96 89 77 100 100 46 43 22 20 20 20 79 72 66 96 96 70 96 96 46 100 100 100 95 95 83 100 100 100 4 ~ — See footnotes at end of table. — ~ Table 38. Health, insurance, and retirement plans: Selected structural clay products—Continued (Percent of production workers in establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,' United States and selected regions, September 1975) Southeast Type of plan Brick and structural clay tile Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period)............................................................................. Long-term disability insurance.............................................................. Noncontributory plans......................................................................... Hospitalization insurance....................................................................... Noncontributory plans......................................................................... Surgical insurance.................................................................................. Noncontributory plans......................................................................... Medical insurance................................................................................... Noncontributory plans......................................................................... Major medical insurance........................................................................ Noncontributory plans......................................................................... Dental insurance ..................................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................................ Retirement plans4 ................................................................................... Pensions................................................................................................ Noncontributory plans .................................................................... Severance p a y ..................................................................................... No plans................................................................................................... Southwest Brick and structural clay tile 2 Great Lakes Ceramic wall and floor tile 7 _ 100 81 100 81 100 81 76 71 _ - _ - - 98 63 98 63 94 58 75 47 _ 88 65 88 65 85 65 47 36 _ - - _ 60 60 60 2 - 31 31 7 66 33 10 33 - - 12 Brick and structural clay tile _ _ 100 70 100 65 89 59 74 57 5 5 76 76 72 4 - Middle West Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories Clay sewer pipe Clay refractories _ _ 100 34 100 34 73 30 96 30 _ _ _ 100 96 100 96 95 91 88 84 _ _ 95 90 95 90 95 90 95 90 _ _ _ _ 9 9 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 51 51 51 83 83 83 72 72 68 _ _ _ - - _ _ 100 100 100 56 _ 5 1 Includes those plans for which the employer pays at least part of the cost and excludes legally required plans such as workers’ compensation and social security; however, plans required by State temporary disability laws are included if the employer contributes more than is legally required or the employees receive benefits in excess of legal requirements. “Noncontributory plans” include only those financed entirely by the employer. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Unduplicated total of workers receiving sickness and accident insurance and sick leave shown separately. 4 Unduplicated total of workers covered by pension plans and severance pay shown separately. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Table 39. Other selected benefits: Structural clay products (Percent of production workers in establishments providing funeral leave pay, jury duty pay, technological severance pay, supplemental unemployment benefits, and cost-of-living adjustments,1 United States and selected regions, September 1975) Item United States23 Middle Atlantic 57 60 (*) 11 19 18 1 86 65 2 15 33 33 - Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West 68 56 45 67 _ 2 9 7 2 13 31 _ 67 68 85 77 2 58 71 71 - Pacific Workers in establishments with provisions for: Funeral leave......................................................................................... Jury duty leave...................................................................................... Technological severance p ay............................................................... Supplemental unemployment benefits Cost-of-living adjustments................. Based on BLS consumer price index Based on other measure............... 1 For definition of items, see appendix B. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. - 8 14 14 - _ 5 8 8 _ 1 1 - - 46 43 _ _ 16 7 10 Table 40. Other selected benefits: Selected structural clay products (Percent of production workers in establishments providing funeral leave pay, jury duty pay, technological severance pay, supplemental unemployment benefits, and cost-of-living adjustments,1 United States and selected regions, September 1975) Border States Middle Atlantic United States2 Item Brick and Clay sewer pipe structural clay tile Brick and structural clay tile Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories 35 38 1 66 75 - 94 88 - - - - 46 63 63 - - Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories 86 86 - 100 85 39 68 68 - Brick and structural clay tile Workers in establishments with provisions for: Funeral leave.......................................................................................... Jury duty leave........................ Technological severance p a y . Supplemental unemployment benefits Cost-of-living adjustments................................................................... Based on BLS consumer price index............................................ Based on other measure................................................................. 6 5 1 - - 62 70 65 17 7 - 8 3 5 Southwest Southeast Brick and structural clay tile Brick and structural clay tile 26 52 - - 23 23 Great Lakes Ceramic wall and floor tile Brick and structural clay tile 15 21 - 7 43 - - - 32 6 - 8 8 Middle West Ceramic wall and floor tile Clay refractories 49 63 68 53 - - - - Clay sewer pipe Clay refractories 85 81 77 73 100 100 - - - 26 39 39 - - 88 100 100 - Workers in establishments with provisions for: Funeral leave.......................................................................................... Jury duty leave...................................................................................... Technological severance p a y ............................................................... Supplemental unemployment benefits............................................... Cost-of-living adjustments................. Based on BLS consumer price index Based on other measure............... 8 6 3 1 For definition of items, see appendix B.. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Appendix A. Regression Analysis Conventional m ethods of analyzing wage variations using cross tabulations (simple regression) of data typically stop short of measuring the independent influence on wage levels of such factors as size of establishment, location, and union contract status. The independent effect o f unionization on earnings, for example, may be obscured by earnings differentials associated w ith larger establishments and location in m etropolitan areas—tw o characteristics generally found m ore often in union than nonunion establishments. One m ethod o f isolating the independent effect on wages o f various establishment and w orker characteris tics is m ultiple regression. By this method, the estima ted wage differential for a given variable is determ ined independently. T he variables included in table A -l are defined, w here necessary, in appendix B—Scope and M ethod o f Survey. In the regression equation, one category of each of the variables is not shown explicitly, but its influence is embodied in the constant term. In table A -l, therefore, the categories represented by the constant term are nonm etropolitan, small em ploym ent size, nonunion, Southwest, ceram ic wall and floor tile plant, and, for the selected occupations, male worker, and paym ent on a time basis.1 T he average wage level relating to this set o f suppressed characteristics is represented by the value o f the constant term. T he coefficients of the explicit variables represent the differentials associated with categories o f those characteristics differing from the basic set embodied in the constant. T he effects o f the coefficients on average wage levels are determ ined by the substitution of the values of the new variables in table A -l for those suppressed in the constant term. F o r example, for production w orkers in a union shop, estimated average hourly earnings are higher by 18 cents (or $2.66) w hen other factors are held constant. F urther) if these w orkers are located in the G reat Lakes region, another 84 cents is added to the constant term, w hich raises the average hourly earnings to $3.50. W age differences found by simple cross tabulation may be labeled gross differentials; those isolated by regression techniques are net differentials. As illustrated in table A-2, net differentials are general ly smaller than gross differentials, w hich is to be expected, because, as stated previously, characteristics associated with higher wages, such as making clay refractories and location in the M iddle W est States, te n d to be highly in te rre la te d . R egression te c h niques, th e n , m easure m ore precisely th e im p act o f individual factors on the wage structure of an industry. As indicated in table A-2, regional and industry branch differentials w ere highly significant for this survey, even w hen other factors w ere held constant. F o r example, the net differentials associated with the G reat Lakes over the Southw est region was 84 cents for all production w orkers and between 58 and 92 cents for the selected occupations. Similarly, net differentials associated with clay refractories over ceram ic wall and floor tile plants w ere generally $1 or more. It should be emphasized that the regression analysis is not sufficiently com plete to state with certainty that the truly independent effects o f employee and establishment characteristics on wage levels have been measured. As table A -l shows, the regression analysis failed to account for about 35 percent of the variation in average earnings levels for all production workers, and 37 to 57 percent of the variation in earnings for the four selected occupations. (See coefficient of determ in ation, R 2.) This could mean that other factors, beyond the scope of the survey, influenced the estimates. H ow ever, by holding constant those characteristics w ithin th e survey scope, estim ates for specified char acteristics d efin itely w ere im proved. 1 In addition to these variables, kiln setters and drawers were tested for the significance of their various subclassifications on pay levels. The type of work performed was found to be of little significance. 55 Table A-1. Regression analysis of straight-time hourly earnings, all production workers and selected occupations, United States, September 1975 Selected occupations Variable C o n s tan t.............................................................................. Metropolitan area Larger size Union plant ........................................................... ......................................................................... ...................................................................... Region: Middle A t la n t ic ........................................................... Border States Southeast ............................................................. ................................................................... Great Lakes ................................................................ Middle West ................................................................ P a c if ic ........................................................................... Industry branch: Brick and structural clay tile.................................... Clay refractories ........................................................ Clay sewer pipe ........................................................ Male w o rk e r........................................................................ Incentive w o rk e r................................................................ All production workers Kiln setters and drawers $2.48 (.13) .02 (.07) .27 (.07) .18 (.07) $3.24 (.77) .03 (.20) .33 (.20) .42 (.23) $2.82 (.23) .08 (.09) .19 (.10) .01 1.02 (.13) .66 (.14) .13 (.11) .84 (.12) .97 (.15) 1.08 .70 (.43) -.46 (.50) -.80 (.44) .58 (.39) .12 (.51) .26 1.1 2 (.18) .60 (.19) .50 (.14) (.17) .18 (.10) 1.14 (.11) .53 (.12) ■ Statistical information: Coefficient of determination (R 2 ) ...................... Standard error of the e s tim a te ............................... Mean (Y) ................................................................... Number of observations (N) .................................. ............................ Number of establishments (S) 1 .65 $0.52 $3.79 281 281 Off-bearers, machine Pugmill operators $2.45 (.23) -.08 (.12) -.02 (.13) .48 (.13) $2.26 (.54) -.01 (.10) -.08 (.11) .18 (.11) .86 (.15) .13 (.19) .15 .80 (.24) .14 (.21) -.06 (.18) .74 (.20) .41 (.27) 1.00 1.30 (.19) .58 (.19) .30 (.16) .92 (.16) 1.00 (.21) 1.57 (.46) (.24) (.26) (.24) -.61 (.77) .22 (.81) -.28 (.78) .74 (.19) -.05 (.17) .97 (.19) .40 (.23) -.03 (.21) 1.27 (.28) .04 (.27) -.1 0 (.22) .62 (.13) -.06 (.23) .47 .43 $0.98 $4.37 156 100 Less than $0.05. (.11) - .86 (.27) .60 $0.61 $3.94 197 197 .63 $0.65 $3.46 157 142 (.24) .05 (.26) .42 (.51) .74 (.12) .55 $0.63 $3.74 194 193 than the standard error, and a out 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice the standard error. " Y " is the mean of the earnings (dependent) variable weight by production workers, "N " is the number of observations used in each regression equation, treating time and incentive workers, men and women and subclassifications of kiln setters and drawers in a firm as separate observation "S" is the number of establishments in the sample or with employees in the occupations shown above. NOTE: Dashes indicate not applicable. Numbers in paren thesis are standard errors. Since that the regression coefficients are based on a sample, they may differ from the figures would have been obtained from a complete census of the industry. Chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from the sample would differ from those in a total census derived valve by less Maintenance workers, general 56 Table A-2. Hourly earnings differentials associated with selected establishment characteristics, structural clay products manufacturing, United States, September 1975 O ccup atio nal Characteristic Union to nonunion: Gross d iffe re n tia l......................................................... Net differential ......................................................... All production workers Kiln setters and drawers Maintenance workers, general Off-bearers, machine Puqmill operators $0.87 .18 $0.85 .42 $0.65 *.01 $1.02 .48 $0.71 .18 2 Large to small establishments : Gross d iffe re n tia l.......................................................... Net differential ............................................................ Clay refactories to ceramic wall and floor tile: Gross d iffe re n tia l......................................................... Net differential ............................................................ .38 .27 .54 .33 .21 .19 .23 1- .0 2 .03 * - .0 8 1.37 1.14 1 .8 2 *.2 2 1.41 .97 2.04 1.27 .91 .47 Great Lakes to Southwest region: Gross differential ....................................................... Net differential ............................................................ 1.16 .84 1.43 *.5 8 1.21 .86 1.19 .74 1.11 .92 Incentive to time-rated workers: Gross d iffe re n tia l.......................................................... Net differential ......................................................... (3 ) (3) 1.09 .74 .62 .86 1.14 .62 .92 .74 Not significant at 90-percent confidence level. Standard errors and other estimates of reliability are not available for gross differ entials obtained from gross-tabulated data. Large plants are defined as those with over 99 employees. Not applicable. Note: Gross differentials were derived from simple cross-tabu lations; net differentials from multiple regression analysis. 57 Appendix B. Scope and Method of Survey Scope of survey Employment T h e su rv ey in clu d ed establishm ents en g ag ed p rim ari ly in m an u factu rin g stru ctu ra l clay p ro d u c ts (industry g ro u p 325 as defined in th e 1967 edition o f th e S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C la s s ific a tio n M a n u a l p re p are d by th e U.S. O ffice o f M anagem ent and B udget). S ep arate auxiliary units such as ce n tral offices w e re excluded. E stablishm ents studied w e re selected from those em plo y in g 20 w o rk e rs o r m o re at th e tim e o f reference o f th e d ata used in com piling th e universe lists. T able B -l show s th e n u m b er o f establishm ents and w o rk ers estim ated to be w ith in scope o f th e survey, as w ell as th e nu m b er actu ally studied b y th e B ureau. E stim ates o f th e num ber o f w o rk ers w ithin scope o f th e study are in tended as a g eneral guide to th e size and com position o f th e in d u stry ’s lab o r force, ra th e r th an as precise m easures o f em ploym ent. Production workers and office workers T h e term s “p ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs” and “p ro d u ctio n and related w o rk e rs,” used in terch an g eab ly in this bulletin, include w o rk in g supervisors and all nonsuperv iso ry w o rk ers engaged in nonoffice activities. A d m ini strative, executive, professional, and technical p erso n nel, and fo rce-acco u n t co n stru ctio n em ployees, w h o are used as a separate w o rk force on th e firm ’s o w n p roperties, are excluded. Products C lassification o f establishm ents b y p ro d u c t w as based on th e principal p ro d u c t m an u factu red . F o r exam ple, if 75 p e rc e n t o f th e to tal value o f an establishm ent’s p ro d u c tio n w as b rick and stru ctu ra l clay tile, and 25 p erce n t w as clay sew er pipe, all w o rk e rs in th at establishm ent w e re co n sid ered as p ro d u c in g b rick and stru ctu ra l clay tile. Occupations selected for study O ccu p atio n al classification w as based on a uniform set o f jo b descriptions designed to take acco u n t o f interestablishm ent and in terarea variations in duties w ith in th e sam e jo b . (See appendix C for these d escrip tions.) T h e crite ria for selection o f th e o ccupations w ere: T h e n um ber o f w o rk ers in th e occupation; th e usefulness o f th e d ata in co llectiv e bargaining; and ap p ro p riate rep resen tatio n o f th e entire jo b scale in th e industry. W o rk in g supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-tim e, tem p o rary , and p ro b a tio n a ry w o rk ers w ere n o t re p o rte d in th e d ata for selected o ccupations bu t w ere included in th e d ata for all p ro d u c tio n w orkers. Method of study D a ta w e re obtained b y personal visits o f th e B u re a u ’s field staff to a re p resen ta tiv e sam ple o f establishm ents w ith in scope o f th e survey. T o obtain a p p ro p ria te a c c u ra c y at m inim um cost, a g re a ter p ro p o rtio n o f larg e th an o f sm all establishm ents w as studied. A ll estim ates are presented, therefo re, as relatin g to all establishm ents in th e industry, excluding on ly th o se b elo w th e m inim um size at th e tim e o f refere n ce o f th e universe data. Wage data In fo rm atio n on w ages relates to straight-tim e h o u rly earnings, excluding prem ium pay for o v ertim e and for w o rk on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incen tiv e paym ents, such as those resulting from p iecew o rk o r p ro d u c tio n bonus system s, and cost-of-living bonuses w e re included as p a rt o f th e w o rk e rs’ re g u la r pay. N o n p ro d u c tio n bonus paym ents, such as C hristm as o r y earen d bonuses, w e re excluded. Establishment definition A n establishm ent is defined fo r this study as a single physical lo catio n w h e re m an u factu rin g o p eratio ns are p erfo rm ed . A n establishm ent is n o t necessarily id entical w ith a co m p an y , w h ic h m ay consist o f one establishm ent o r m ore. 58 Table B-1. Estimated number of establishments and employees within scope of survey and number studied, structural clay products industries, September 1975 Number of establishments- Product branch, region,' and State Within scope of study Within scope of study All establishments:4 United States5 ................................................................................................. Middle A tla n tic ................................................................................................. Border States .................................................................................................... Southeast........................................................................................................... Southwest........................................................................................................... Great Lakes ...................................................................................................... Middle W e st...................................................................................................... P ac ific .................................................................................................... Brick and structural clay tile: United States5 .................................................................................................. Middle A tla n tic ................................................................................................. Pennsylvania ................................................................................................. Border States .................................................................................................... Southeast........................................................................................................... Georgia........................................................................................................... North C arolina.......................................................................................... Southwest........................................................................................................... Texas .............................................................................................................. Great Lakes ...................................................................................................... O hio................................................................................................................. Ceramic wall and floor tile: United States5 .................................................................................................. Middle A tla n tic ................................................................................................. Southwest........................................................................................................... Great Lakes ...................................................................................................... California ........................................................................................................... Clay refractories: United States5 .................................................................................................. Middle A tla n tic ................................................................................................ Pennsylvania ................................................................................................. Great Lakes ...................................................................................................... O hio................................................................................................................. Middle W e st..............................................................................*...................... Missouri.......................................................................................................... Clay sewer pipe: United States5 .................................................................................................. Great Lakes .................................................................................................. O hio................................................................................................................. Actually studied Actually studied Total5 Production workers 475 65 33 100 72 105 34 38 280 39 20 60 36 67 22 24 41,298 5,912 3,196 9,784 5,376 7,967 4,561 2,941 32,954 4,660 2,637 7,726 4,263 6,539 3,492 2,361 30,662 4,522 2,248 7,059 3,349 6,374 3,909 2,219 278 26 21 22 80 7 25 54 32 44 27 150 15 13 12 44 6 13 23 14 30 18 18,786 1,634 1,352 1,518 6,402 1,067 1,553 3,473 2,406 2,875 1,641 15,375 1,313 1,059 1,244 5,188 827 1,219 2,758 1,928 2,428 1,410 11,853 1,029 912 935 4,106 893 1,024 1,793 1,216 2,225 1,257 45 5 12 9 7 36 4 9 7 6 6,789 1,622 1,342 1,303 720 5,215 1,222 1,066 1,019 484 6,139 1,524 1,239 1,203 686 89 29 25 25 20 9 9 55 17 15 15 13 8 8 9,945 2,331 2,197 1,659 1,423 3,128 3,128 7,585 1,830 1,723 1,325 1,148 2,304 2,304 8,243 1,790 1,684 1,246 1,146 3,007 3,007 55 26 17 33 14 10 5,272 1,999 1,453 4,349 1,653 1,231 4,030 1,569 1,203 T h e regions used in this stu d y in clu d e M iddle A tla n tic —N e w Jersey, N e w Y o r k , and Pennsylvania; B order S ta te s—D elaw are, D is tric t o f C o lu m b ia , K e n tu c k y , M a ry la n d , V irg in ia , and West V irg in ia ; S o u th e a st—A la b a m a , F lo rid a , G eorgia, Mississippi, N o rth C aro lin a , S o u th C a ro lin a , and Tennessee; S o u th w e st—Arkansas, Louisiana, O k la h o m a , and Texas; G reat L a k es—Illin o is , In d ia n a , M ichigan, M in n e so ta, O h io , and W isconsin; M iddle W est—\o\Na, Kansas, M issouri, N ebraska, N o rth D a k o ta , and S o u th D a k o ta ; and P acific—C a lifo rn ia , N evada, O regon, and W ashin gton . Workers in establishments In cludes o n ly those establishm ents w ith 2 0 w o rk e rs or m o re a t th e tim e o f refe re n c e o f th e universe data. In cludes e x c u tiv e , professional, o ffic e , and o th e r w o rk e rs exc lu d e d fr o m th e p ro d u c tio n w o rk e r c a te g o ry show n sep arately. 4 In cludes s tru c tu ra l clay p ro d u c ts in a d d itio n to those show n sep arately. In clu d e s data fo r regions in a d d itio n to th o se show n sep arately. A laska and H a w a ii w e re n o t in cluded in th e study. 59 individual w o rk e rs w ith in th e ran g e m ay be determ in ed b y m erit, len g th o f service, o r a com bination o f these. In cen tiv e w o rk ers are classified u n d er p iecew o rk o r bonus plans. P ie cew o rk is w o rk for w h ich a p re d e te r m ined ra te is paid for each unit o f output. P ro d u ctio n bonuses are for p ro d u c tio n in excess o f a q u o ta o r for co m p letio n o f a task in less th an stan d ard time. S tint w o rk ers are those w h o receiv e a fixed daily rate fo r a p red eterm in ed am ount o f w o rk regardless o f th e am ount o f tim e req u ired to co m p lete th e task. F o r purposes o f table 14 in this rep o rt, these w o rk ers w ere con sid ered tim ew orkers. Average (m ean) hourly rates or earnings fo r each o ccu p atio n o r c a te g o ry o f w o rk ers, such as p ro d u c tio n w o rk ers, w e re calcu lated b y w eig h tin g each rate (or h o u rly earnings) b y th e n u m b er o f w o rk e rs receiving th e rate, totaling, and d ividing b y th e n u m ber o f individuals. T h e h o u rly earnings o f salaried w o rk ers w e re o b tained b y div id in g straig h t-tim e salary by no rm al (o r stan d ard ) h o u rs to w h ich th e salary co rresp o n d s. T h e m edian designates position; th a t is, o n e-h alf o f th e em ployees su rv ey ed re ceiv ed m o re th an this rate and o n e-h alf re ceiv ed less. T h e m iddle range is defined b y tw o rates o f p ay su ch th a t o n e-fo u rth o f the em ployees earn ed less th an th e lo w e r o f these rates and o n e-fo u rth earn ed m o re th an th e h ig h er rate. T ab u latio n s b y size o f co m m u n ity p ertain to m e tro politan and nonm etropolitan areas. TTie term “m etro politan areas,” as used in this bulletin, refers to the S tan d ard M etro p o litan S tatistical A reas as defined by th e U.S. O ffice o f M an ag em en t and B u d g et th ro u g h F e b ru a ry 1974. Scheduled weekly hours D a ta on w eekly h o u rs refer to th e p red o m in an t w o rk schedule fo r full-tim e p ro d u c tio n w o rk ers (o r office w o rk ers) em ployed on th e d ay shift. E x ce p t in N e w E n g lan d , a S ta n d ard M etro p o litan S tatistical A re a is defined as a co u n ty o r g ro u p o f con tig u o u s counties w h ich contains at least one city o f 50,000 inhabitants o r m ore. C ounties co n tig u o u s to th e one co n tain in g such a city are in clu d ed in a S tan d ard M etro p o litan S tatistical A re a if, a c co rd in g to certain criteria, th ey are essentially m etro p o litan in c h a ra c te r and are socially and eco n o m ically in teg ra te d w ith th e cen tral city. In N e w E n g lan d , w h e re th e city and to w n are ad m in istrativ ely m o re im p o rtan t th an th e county, th e y are th e units used in defining S ta n d ard M e tro p o li tan Statistical A reas. S ep arate w ag e d ata are p resented, w h e re possible, fo r establishm ents th a t h ad (1) a m ajo rity o f th e p ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs c o v e re d b y labor-m anagem ent co n tra cts, and (2) none o r a m in o rity o f th e p ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs c o v e re d b y labor-m anagem ent co n tracts. T ab u latio n s b y m eth o d o f w ag e p ay m en t relate to th e nu m b er o f w o rk e rs paid u n d er th e various tim e and in cen tiv e w ag e system s. F o rm a l ra te stru ctu res for tim e-rated w o rk e rs p ro v id e single rates o r a ran g e o f rates fo r individual jo b categories. In th e absence o f a form al ra te stru ctu re , p ay rates are determ ined p rim arily b y th e qualifications o f th e individual w o rk er. A single ra te stru c tu re is one in w h ich th e sam e ra te is paid to all experien ced w o rk e rs in th e sam e jo b classification. L earn ers, apprentices, o r p ro b a tio n a ry w o rk e rs m ay be paid a c co rd in g to ra te schedules w h ic h start b elo w th e single ra te and p erm it th e w o rk e rs to achieve th e full jo b ra te o v e r a p erio d o f tim e. A n experienced w o rk e r o ccasio n ally m ay be paid ab o v e o r b elo w th e single rate fo r special reasons, b u t su ch paym ents are exceptions. Range-of-rate* plans are th o se in w h ich th e m inim um , m axim um , o r b o th o f these rates paid experienced w o rk e rs fo r th e sam e jo b are specified. Specific rates o f 60 Shift provisions and practices Shift provisions relate to th e policies of establishm ents eith er c u rren tly o p eratin g late shifts o r h av in g form al provisions co v erin g late-shift w ork. P ractices relate to w o rk ers em ployed on late shifts at th e tim e o f th e survey. Supplementary wage provisions S u pplem entary benefits in an establishm ent w ere co nsidered applicable to all p ro d u c tio n w o rk ers if th ey applied to h a lf o r m ore o f such w o rk ers in the establishm ent. Sim ilarly, if few er th an h a lf o f th e w o rk e rs w e re co v ered , th e benefit w as considered nonexistent in th e establishm ent. B ecause o f length-ofservice and o th e r eligibility requirem ents, th e p ro p o r tio n o f w o rk ers receiving th e benefits m ay be sm aller th an estim ated. Paid holidays. P aid h o liday provisions relate to full-day and half-day holidays p ro v id ed annually. Paid vacations. T h e sum m ary o f vacatio n plans are lim ited to form al arran g em en ts and exclude inform al plans w h e reb y tim e o ff w ith pay is g ra n te d at th e discretio n o f th e em p lo y er o r supervisor. P aym ents n o t o n a tim e basis w e re co n v erted ; for exam ple, a pay m en t o f 2 p ercen t o f annual earnings w as co n sid ered th e eq uivalent o f 1 w e ek ’s pay. T h e periods o f service for w h ich d ata are p resen ted rep resen t th e m ost com m on practices, b u t th ey do n o t necessarily reflect individual establishm ent provisions fo r progression. F o r exam ple, chang es in p ro p o rtio n s in d icated at 10 years o f service m ay in clu d e changes w h ic h o c c u rre d b etw e en 5 and 10 years. H ealth* insurance, a n d retirem ent plans. D a ta are p resen ted fo r health, insurance, re tire m en t sev eran ce plans for w h ich th e em p lo y er pays all o r a p a rt o f th e cost, excluding p ro g ram s re q u ired b y law such as w o rk e rs’ com pensation and social security. A m o n g plans in clud ed are th o se u n d e rw ritte n b y a co m m ercial insurance co m p an y and th o se paid d ire c tly b y th e em p lo y er from his c u rre n t o p eratin g funds o r from a fund set aside for this purpose. D e a th benefits are in clu d ed as a form o f life insur ance. Sickness and ac cid en t insurance is lim ited to th at ty p e o f insurance u n d er w h ich p red eterm in ed cash paym ents are m ade d irec tly to th e insured on a w eekly o r m o n th ly basis d u rin g illness o r accid en t disability. In fo rm atio n is p resen ted fo r all such plans to w h ich the em p lo y er co n trib u tes at least a p a rt o f th e cost. H o w e v e r, in N e w Y o rk and N e w Jersey, w h ere tem p o ra ry disability insurance law s req u ire em ployer co n trib u tio n s,1 plans are in clu d ed o n ly if th e em ployer (1) co n trib u tes m o re th an is legally required, o r (2) p ro v id es th e em ployees w ith benefits w h ich exceed the requirem en ts o f th e law . T ab u latio n s o f paid sick leave plans are lim ited to form al plans w h ich p ro v id e full p ay o r a p ro p o rtio n o f th e w o rk e r’s p ay d u rin g absence from w o rk because o f illness; inform al arran g em en ts h av e been om itted. S epa ra te tabulations are p ro v id ed fo r (1) plans w h ich p ro v id e full p ay and no w aitin g p eriod, and (2) plans p ro v id in g eith er p artial p ay o r a w aitin g period. L o n g -term disability insurance plans p ro v id e p ay m ents to to ta lly disabled em ployees u p o n th e expiration o f sick leave, sickness and accid en t insurance, o r both, o r after a specified p erio d o f disability (typically 6 m onths). P aym ents are m ade until th e end o f disability, a m axim um age, o r eligibility fo r re tire m en t benefits. P aym en ts m ay be full o r p artial, b u t are alm ost alw ays re d u c e d b y social security, w o rk e rs’ com pensation, and p riv ate pension benefits payable to th e disabled em ployee. M edical insurance refers to plans p ro v id in g for co m p lete o r p artial p ay m en t o f d o c to rs’ fees. S uch plans m ay be u n d e rw ritte n b y a com m ercial insurance co m p an y o r a n o n p ro fit organization, o r th ey m ay be a form o f self-insurance. M ajo r m edical insurance, som etim es referred to as extended m edical o r catastro p h e insurance, includes plans designed to c o v e r em ployees for sickness o r in ju ry involving an expense w h ich exceeds th e norm al co v e rag e o f hospitalization, m edical, and surgical plans. T abulations o f retirem en t pensions are lim ited to plans w h ich p ro v id e re g u la r paym ents for th e rem ain d e r o f th e re tire e’s life. D a ta are presented separately fo r retirem en t severance pay (one paym ent o r several o v e r a specified perio d o f tim e) m ade to em ployees on retirem ent. E stablishm ents pro v id in g b o th retirem ent severance paym ents and retirem en t pensions to em ployees w e re considered as having b o th retirem en t pensions and retirem en t severance plans; h o w ev er, establishm ents h aving optional plans p ro v id in g em ploy ees a choice o f eith er retirem en t severance paym ents o r p e n sio n s w e re c o n s id e re d as h av in g o n ly r e tir e m e n t pension benefits. Paid fu n e ra l and ju ry-d u ty leave. D a ta for paid funeral and ju ry -d u ty leave relate to form al plans w h ich p ro v id e at least partial paym ent for tim e lost as a result o f attending funerals o f specified fam ily m em bers o r serving as a ju ro r. Technological severance pay. D a ta relate to form al plans p ro v id in g fo r paym ents to em ployees p erm anently separated from th e com p an y because o f a technological change o r p lant closing. D ental insurance. D en tal insurance refers to form al plans co v erin g norm al dental service such as fillings, extractions, and x-rays. Excluded w e re health insurance plans w h ich p ro v id e benefits for certain kinds o f oral su rg ery o r dental care req u ired as a result o f an accident. Supplem ental unem ploym ent benefits. D a ta relate to form al plans designed to supplem ent benefits paid u n d er state unem ploym ent insurance systems. Cost-of-living adjustments. D a ta relate to form al plans p ro v id in g adjustm ents in w age rates in keeping w ith changes in th e B L S consum er p rice index o r som e o th e r m easure. 1 The temporary disability insurance laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 61 Appendix C. Occupational Descriptions T h e p rim ary p u rp o se o f p re p arin g jo b descriptions for th e B ureau’s w age surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into ap p ro p riate o ccupations w o rk ers w h o are em ployed u n d e r a v arie ty o f p ay ro ll titles and different w o rk arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. T his perm its th e g ro u p in g o f o ccupational w age rates rep resen tin g co m p arab le jo b content. B ecause o f this em phasis on in ter establishm ent and in tera rea co m p arability o f o ccupational content, th e B ureau’s jo b d escrip tio n s m ay differ significantly from those in use in individual establishm ents o r th o se p re p are d fo r o th e r purposes. In applying these jo b descriptions, th e B ureau’s field staff is in stru cted to exclude w o rk in g supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and han d icap p ed , part-tim e, tem p o rary , and p ro b atio n ary w orkers. Clay maker p re p ara to ry to screening and tem pering. W o rk involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : L o ad in g o r directin g th e loading o f clay into th e ho p p ers o f d ry pans; regulating flow o f clay o r shale into d ry pans; breaking up o r rem oving larg e lum ps o f m aterial and loosening clogged m aterial in m achine; and lubricating and m aking m inor repairs o r adjustm ents to th e m achine. (B lunger-m achine o p erato r; clay mixer; clay w ash er; slip m aker; slip mixer; w e t m ixer) B lends and mixes various clays into a thin, sem iliquid form in a b lu n g er (m ixing m achine). W o rk involves the follow ing: S tartin g and o p eratin g th e blunger, blending and m ixing th e various clays w ith w a te r for the req u ired time; run n in g and re g u latin g flow o f slip from m ixer th ro u g h law n (v e ry fine screen m ade o f silk o r m etal), and o v er m agnets w h ich rem o v e iron particles from th e slip; and cleaning law n and w ashing m agnets. A dd itio n al duties m ay include rem o v in g excess w a te r from slip by filter press; m easuring clay and o th er ingredients ac co rd in g to form ula. Electrician, maintenance O p erates a screw press o r h y d ra u lic press to squeeze and shape clay into various clay p roducts. W o rk involves: F illing b o tto m die w ith g ro u n d o r p u lverized dam p clay; form ing p ro d u c t b y o p eratin g a press w h ich causes th e u p p er die to descend into th e lo w e r die thus squeezing th e clay into th e p ro p e r shapq; and rem oving th e form ed p ro d u c t. In addition, m ay set th e dies in th e press. In clu d e w o rk e rs w h o o p erate presses designed to p erfo rm one o r m ore o f th e ab o v e o perations au tom ati cally. P erform s a v ariety o f electrical trad e functions such as th e installation, m aintenance o r rep air o f equipm ent fo r the generation, distribution o r utilization o f electric en erg y in an establishm ent. W o rk involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Installing o r repairing any o f a variety o f electrical equipm ent such as g enerators, transform ers, sw itchboards, controllers, circu it breakers, m otors, h eating units, co n d u it system s o r o th e r transm ission equipm ent; w o rk in g from blueprints, draw ings, lay o u t o r o th e r specifications; locating and diagnosing tro u b le in th e electrical system o r equipm ent; w o rk in g standard com putations relating to load requirem ents o f w iring o r electrical equipm ent; using a variety o f electrician ’s hand to o ls and m easuring and testing instrum ents. In g en eral, th e w o rk o f th e m a in te n a n c e e le c tric ia n re q u ires r o u n d e d tra in in g a n d e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly ac q u ire d th r o u g h a fo rm a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r eq u iv a le n t tra in in g a n d e x p e rie n c e . Dry-pan operator Finisher (D ry-m ill o p erato r) T en d s o r d irects th e loading o f one o r m o re dry-pans w h ich grinds clay, shale o r b rick to a fine p o w d e r (F ettler; shaper; sponger; trim m er) R em oves ro u g h edges from n ew ly form ed (green) clay p roducts. W o rk involves: S craping dirt, m old Die presser 62 w o rk in g areas and w ashroom s, or prem ises o f an office. D u ties involve a com bination o f th e follow ing: S w ee ping, m opping o r scrubbing, and polishing floors; rem oving chips, trash, and o th e r refuse; dusting equip m ent, furniture, o r fixtures; polishing m etal fixtures o r trim m ing; p ro v id in g supplies and m inor m aintenance services; cleaning lavatories, show ers, and restroom s. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded m arks, ro u g h edges and o th e r irregularities from p ro d u c t w ith fettling knife, stick felt o r em ery. R ubs dam p en ed sponge o v e r p ro d u c t to give it a sm ooth surface. In addition, m ay m easure p ro d u c t fo r co n fo rm ance to specifications and place ceram ic tile in saggers. Firer, periodic kiln (K iln burner; kiln o p erato r; kiln ten d er) O p erates a p eriod ic kiln used to fire brick, tile, o r o th e r clay p ro d u cts. W o rk involves th e follow ing: P rep ares (or d irects h elp er) firebox and lights fires; regulates tem p eratu re by adjusting drafts and c o n tro l ling fuel supply; observes p y ro m etric cones a n d /o r rings th ro u g h peepholes to d eterm in e by inspection the ra te at w h ich b u rn in g is p roceeding. Kiln setter and drawer Places b rick o r o th e r stru ctu ral clay p ro d u cts in p eriodic kiln for burning a n d /o r rem oves b u rned clay p ro d u c ts from kiln. W o rk involves a combination o f the follow ing: A rran g in g m aterials in ro w s o r tiers in kiln and spacing them so th at h o t air w ill circu late freely d u rin g burning; spreading sand on floor and betw een layers to p re v en t p ro d u c ts from adhering to one another; and rem oving bu rn ed clay p ro d u cts from kiln and placing it on tru ck s o r o th e r conveying devices. M ay use hand o r p o w e r tru c k to set p ro d u cts in kiln o r to rem o v e them after burning. F o r w age survey purposes, w o rk ers in this o ccu p ation are to be classified acco rd in g to w h e th e r their duties are lim ited to kiln setting, to kiln draw ing, or c o v e r a com bination o f th e tw o operations, as follow s: Firer, tunnel kiln O p erates a tunnel o r co n tin u o u s kiln to fire clay pro d u cts. W o rk involves m aintaining th e p ro p e r tem p e ra tu re in th e kiln at all tim es b y co n tro llin g fuel intake and ch eck in g drafts and re co rd in g tem p eratu res p erio d ically. In ad d itio n m ay push th e tunnel kiln ca r into the intake ch a m b e r o f th e kiln and rem o v e it from th e o th er end after th e p ro d u c t has been fired and cooled. Setter Drawer Setter and drawer Glazing-machine feeder F eed s stru ctu ra l clay p ro d u c ts into a m achine th at sprays an even co a t o f glaze on th e m aterial as it passes th ro u g h . Machinist, maintenance P ro d u ces replacem ent p arts and new p arts in m aking repairs o f m etal parts o f m echanical equipm ent o p era ted in an establishm ent. W o rk involves m ost o f the following: In terp retin g w ritten instructions and specif ications; planning and laying o u t o f w ork; using a variety o f m achinist’s h an dtools and precision m easu ring instrum ents; setting up and o p erating standard m achine tools; shaping o f m etal p arts to close to ler ances; m aking standard shop co m putations relating to dim ensions o f w ork, tooling, feeds and speeds o f m achining; kno w led g e o f th e w o rk in g p roperties o f the com m on m etals; selecting standard m aterials, parts, and equipm ent req u ired for his w ork; fitting and assem bling p arts into m echanical equipm ent. In general, th e m achi nist’s w o rk norm ally requires a ro u n d ed training in m achine-shop p ractice, usually acquired th ro u g h a form al apprenticeship o r equivalent training and expe rience. Grinder, clay (C rusher; c ru sh er o p erato r; g ran u lato r; pulverizer; ro c k grinder; shale grin d er) T en d s and directs th e loading o f one o r m ore cru sh in g o r g rin d in g m achines (o th er th an d ry - o r w etpans) w h ich g rin d pieces o f rock, clay o r shale into fine particles o r dust. W o rk involves m ost o f the following: L oad in g a n d /o r d irectin g th e loading o f th e feeding hopper; w a tc h in g th e m aterial being fed to th e m achine b y a c o n v e y o r o r b y a helper; b reaking up large pieces o f ra w m aterials and loosening clo g g ed m aterial in m achine w ith a slice-bar o r maul; regulating th e w a te r valv e w h ich drips w a te r into th e m achine to settle the dust; and lu bricating and m aking m inor repairs and adjustm ents to th e m achine. Maintenance worker, general Janitor C leans and keeps in an o rd e rly co n d itio n facto ry K eeps th e m achines, m echanical equipm ent a n d /o r 63 Molder, hand stru c tu re o f an establishm ent (usually a sm all plant w h e re specialization in m aintenance w o rk is im p racti cal) in repair. D u ties in v o lv e th e p erfo rm an ce o f operatio n s and th e use o f tools and equipm ent o f several trades, ra th e r th an specialization in one trad e o r one ty p e o f m aintenance w o rk only. W o rk involves a combination o f the following: P lanning and laying ou t o f w o rk relatin g to rep air o f buildings, m achines, m ech a nical a n d /o r electrical equipm ent; rep airin g electrical a n d /o r m echanical equipm ent; installing, alining and balan cin g n ew equipm ent, re p airin g building, floor, stairs as w ell as m aking th e rep airin g bins, cribs, and partitions. (B rick m older, hand; tile m older, hand; pipefittings m older) M olds brick, tile, o r o th e r clay p ro d u c ts by hand. W o rk involves th e follow ing: K neading m oist clay until it is o f th e desired consistency and placing o r th ro w in g it forcibly into th e m old; packing clay firm ly in th e m old by han d o r w ith a m allet, o r by m eans o f a jo g g e r o p erated by com pressed air; and cu ttin g o ff o r rem o v in g excess clay p ro jectin g from th e m old. In ad dition m ay rem o v e th e form from th e m old after it has been allow ed to d ry and shrink slightly. Mechanic, automotive Molding-machine operator R ep airs autom obiles, buses, m o to r trucks, and tra c to rs o f an establishm ent. W o rk involves m ost o f the following: E xam ining au to m o tiv e equipm ent to diag nose so u rce o f trouble; disassem bling equipm ent and p erfo rm in g rep airs th a t in v o lv e th e use o f such handtools as w ren ch es, gages, drills, o r specialized equip m en t in disassem bling o r fitting parts; rep lacin g broken o r d efectiv e p arts from stock; g rin d in g and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing th e various assem bl ies in th e v eh icle and m aking necessary adjustm ents; alin in g w h e e ls, a d ju s tin g b ra k e s a n d lig h ts , o r tig h t e n in g b o d y b o lts . In g e n e ra l, th e w o rk o f th e a u to m o tiv e m e c h a n ic re q u ire s r o u n d e d tra in in g , a n d e x p e rie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a fo rm a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g a n d e x p e rie n c e . Mechanic, maintenance R ep airs m ach in ery o r m echanical equipm ent o f an establishm ent. W o rk involves m ost o f the following: E xam ining m achines and m echanical equipm ent to diagnose so u rce o f trouble; dism antling o r p artly dis m antling m achines and p erfo rm in g repairs th a t m ainly in v o lv e th e use o f h an d to o ls in scraping and fitting parts; rep lacin g b ro k en o r d efectiv e p arts w ith item s o b tain ed from stock; o rd e rin g th e p ro d u c tio n o f a rep la cem e n t p a rt by a m achine shop o r sending o f th e m ach in e to a m achine shop fo r m ajo r repairs, p rep arin g w ritte n specifications fo r m ajo r repairs o r for th e p ro d u c tio n o f p arts o rd e re d from m achine shop; reas sem bling m achines; and m aking all necessary ad ju st m ents fo r operation. In general, th e w o rk o f a m ainte nan ce m echanic requires ro u n d e d training and expe rien c e usually acq u ired th ro u g h a form al ap p ren tice ship o r eq u iv alen t train in g and experience. E x clu d ed from this classification are w o rk e rs w h o se prim ary duties in v o lv e setting up o r adjusting m achines. 64 (B rick m older, m achine; brickm aker, m achine; m older, m achine; tile m aker, m achine; tile m older, m achine) T en d s a m achine th at au tom atically m olds brick, tile o r o th e r clay pro d u cts. W o rk involves seeing th a t the m achine is o p eratin g p ro p e rly and th at p ro p e r pressure is being applied to th e p ro d u ct. In addition m ay place m olded p ro d u c ts on tray s o r on o th e r co n veying devices and m ay lubricate, adjust, o r m ake m inor repairs to th e m achine. Off-bearer (H acker; racker; stacker) B ears off, carries o r rem oves th e unfinished o r finished brick, tile, o r o th e r clay p ro d u cts from a m achine c o n v e y o r o r hand tru c k and piles o r sets p ro d u c ts on co n v ey o r, floor, dry in g rack, o r hand car. In addition, m ay rem o v e form ed p ro d u c ts from m olds. Packaging-machine operator P rep ares b rick and o th e r clay p ro d u c ts for shipm ent b y operatin g a m achine th a t places a m etal band around pro d u cts. M ay w o rk as p a rt o f a c rew th a t sorts a n d /o r stacks p ro d u c t on pallet. Packer P rep ares finished p ro d u c ts for shipm ent o r storage b y placing th em in shipping containers, th e specific o perations p erfo rm ed being d ep en d en t upo n th e type, size and num ber o f units to be packed, th e ty p e o f co n tain er em ployed, and m eth o d o f shipm ent. W o rk requires th e placing o f item s in shipping containers and m ay involve one or more o f the following: K n o w led g e o f vario u s item s o f stock in o rd e r to v erify content; selection o f ap p ro p riate ty p e and size container; inser ting enclosures in container; using excelsior o r o th e r m aterial to p re v e n t break ag e o r dam age; closing and sealing container; ap p ly in g labels o r en terin g id entify ing d ata on co n tain er. P a c k e rs w ho also m a k e w ooden boxes o r c rates a re e x c lu d e d . Pattern mounter A ssem bles ceram ic tiles in p a tte rn and m ounts them on h ea v y p ap e r to p re serv e th e arran g em en t for installation. W o rk involves: P lacin g tiles on board, face dow n , follow ing a p rev io u sly designed pattern; gluing sheet o f m ou n tin g p ap e r to base o f tiles; and rem oving co m p leted assem bly and placing it in position for drying. pu g g er) P rep ares g ro u n d , sifted, o r filtered clay for m olding by m ixing it w ith w a te r in a pugm ill. W o rk involves m o st o f th e fo llo w in g : F eed in g clay to th e m achine; reg u latin g th e flow o f w a te r to m ixing cham ber; and exam ining m ixed clay for consistency as it is fo rced out o f th e pugm ill in a continuous form . In addition m ay m ake m inor repairs to th e m achine; op erate an au g er m ill o r cu ttin g m achine in co n n ectio n w ith th e pugm ill; and m ay c u t th e continuous form into convenient lengths, stacking cu t lengths end up on a truck. Sorter (B rick sorter; tile sorter) S orts b u rn ed brick o r tile acco rd in g to color, h a rd ness o r size. F o r w age study purposes, so rter are classified acco rd in g to pro d u ct: S o rte r ; b ric k S o rte r ; tile Placer, tunnel kiln (T u n n el-k iln -car setter) L o ad s stru ctu ra l clay p ro d u c ts, o r saggers filled w ith these p ro d u c ts, on au to m atic-c o n v ey o r c a r th at carries p ro d u c ts th ro u g h kiln fo r firing. W o rk involves setting p ro d u c ts and saggers in p ro p e r section o f ca r acco rd in g to th e firing req u irem en ts o f each ty p e o f p ro d u ct. Spray-machine operator, (glazing) O p erates m achine to spray glazing m aterial onto ceram ic tile, brick o r o th e r stru ctu ral clay products. W o rk involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Filling supply tanks w ith liquid glaze; checking glaze against specif ications; startin g and operatin g m achine, adjusting speed, air valves, and spray nozzles as necessary; and testing thickness o f glaze on p ro d u c t. M ay clean spray nozzles, hoses and tanks as necessary, keep p ro d u ctio n reco rd s, and supervise o th e r w o rk ers functioning as p a rt o f spray-m achine team . Power-shovel operator (D rag lin e o p erato r; shovel o p erato r; shovel ru n ner) E xcav ates o r m oves m aterials w ith a p o w e r shovel o r cran e eq uipped w ith a d rag lin e bucket. M anipulates levers and pedals to m o v e th e m achine and co n tro l th e position o f th e b u ck et o r d ip p er in o rd e r to m ove and d eposit m aterials. Truckdrlver Press operator D riv es a tru c k w ithin a city o r industrial area to tran sp o rt m aterials, m erchandise, equipm ent, o r w o r kers b etw een various types o f establishm ents such as: M anufacturing plants, freight depots, w arehouses, and w holesale establishm ents. M ay also load o r unload tru c k w ith o r w ith o u t helpers, m ake m inor m echanical repairs, and keep tru c k in go o d w ork in g order. D r iv e r - O perates an au to m atic p o w e re d press to form tem p e red clay into sew er pipe, tile, o r o th e r clay p roducts. W o rk involves th e follow ing: M anipulating a lev er w h ich causes th e m achine to press o u t p ro d u cts autom atically, after th e feed h o p p e r has been ch arg ed (usually b y co n v e y o r) w ith tem p ered clay; and o p era ting o r d irectin g an o th e r w o rk e r to o p erate a lev er to actu ate m echanism fo r cu ttin g pipe o r o th e r m olded p ro d u c ts into sections. In add itio n m ay ch an g e press dies w ith th e assistance o f o th e r w o rk ers. sellers a n d o v e r-th e -ro a d d riv e rs a re ex c lu d ed . F o r w age survey purposes, tru ck d riv e rs are classified by size and ty p e o f equipm ent, as follow s: (T racto rtrailer should be rated on th e basis o f trailer capacity.) T ru c k d riv e rs , (c o m b in a tio n o f sizes) T ru c k d riv e r, lig h t (u n d e r 1 - 1 / 2 tons) Pugmill operator T ru c k d riv e r, m e d iu m ( 1 - 1 / 2 to 4 tons) T ru c k d riv e r, heavy (over 4 tons, t r a ile r type) T ru c k d riv e r, h ea v y (o ver 4 tons, o th e r) (C lay pugger; m ixing m ill o p erato r; p u g miller; 65 Trucker, hand F o r w ag e su rv ey purposes, w o rk ers are classified by ty p e o f tru ck , as follow s: T r u c k e r , p o w e r ( f o r k lif t ) T r u c k e r ; p o w e r (ex c e p t f o r k l i f t ) P ushes o r pulls h an d trucks, cars, o r w h e elb arro w s used fo r tran sp o rtin g g oods and m aterials o f all kinds abo u t a w arehouse, m an u factu rin g plant, o r o th e r establishm ent. M ay load o r unload, stack m aterials in storage, and m aintain reco rd s. Unloader, tunnel kiln (K iln-car unloader; tunnel-kiln d ra w er) U nloads p ro d u c ts such as bricks, sew er pipe, and refractories, o r saggers filled w ith fired p ro d u cts, from tunnel-kiln cars. W o rk involves: R em oving p ro d u c t from cars o r saggers and placing it on trucks, c o n v e y ors, o r o th e r containers o r for tran sfer to o th e r departm ents. Trucker, power O perates a m an u ally -co n tro lled gasoline- o r electricp o w e re d tru c k o r tra c to r to tra n sp o rt g oods and m aterials o f all kinds ab o u t a w areh o u se, m an u facturing plan t o r o th e r establishm ent. 66 Industry Wage Studies The m ost recent reports providing occupational wage data for industries included in the Bureau’s program of in dustry wage surveys since 1960 are listed below. Copies are for sale from the Superintendent o f Documents, U.S. Gov ernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or from any o f its regional sales offices, and from the regional M a n u fa c tu rin g Basic Iron and Steel, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1839 Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1732 Cigar Manufacturing, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1796 Cigarette Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1748 Fabricated Structural Steel, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1695 Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1763 Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1803 Fluid Milk Industry, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1871 Footwear, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1792 Hosiery, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1863 Industrial Chemicals, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1768 Iron and Steel Foundries, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1894 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1835 Machinery Manufacturing, 1973. BLS Bulletin Meat Products, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1896 Men’s and Boy’s Separate Trousers, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1906 Men’s and Boy’s Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Night wear, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1901 Men’s and Boy’s Suits and Coats, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1843 Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1914 Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1912 Nonferrous Foundries, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1726 Paints and Varnishes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1739 Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1719 Petroleum Refining, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1741 Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1713 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1844 Southern Sawmills and Planing Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1694 Structural Clay Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1697 Synthetic Fibers, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1740 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1757 Textile, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1801 offices o f the Bureau o f Labor Statistics shownoon the in side back cover. Copies that are out o f stock are available for reference purposes at leading public, college, or univer sity libraries, or at the Bureau’s Washington or regional offices. M a n u fa c tu rin g — C o n tin u e d Wages and Demographic Characteristics in Work Clothing Manufacturing, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1858 West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1704 Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1728 Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1908 Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1793 N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g Appliance Repair Shops, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1838 Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1876 Banking, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1862 Bituminous Coal Mining, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1583 Communications, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1854 Contract Cleaning Services, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1916 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1797 Department Stores, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1869 Educational Institutions: Nonteaching Employees, 1968-69. BLS Bulletin 1671 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1834 Hospitals, 1972. BLS Bulletin 18291 Hotels and Motels, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1883 Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 16451 Life Insurance, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1791 Metal Mining, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1820 Motion Picture Theaters, 1966. BLS Bulletin 15421 Nursing Homes and Related Facilities, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1855 Scheduled Airlines, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1734. Wages and Tips in Restaurants and Hotels, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1712 1 Bulletin out of stock. The development of organized labor in the U.S., from conspiracy to major institution. A readable, authoritative, and fact-packed account for: Labor Movement students of social science and history worker education and management training classes Order Form Mail to BLS Regional Office nearest you (see listing elsewhere) or to Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402. Please send_____ copies of BLS Bulletin 1000, Bicentennial Edition, Brief History of the American Labor Movement (Stock No. 029-00.1-01955-6) at $1.45 a copy. 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