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L <&. 3 / 3 0 4 Industry Wage Survey: Structural Clay Products, October 1986 U.S.Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics October 1987 S .M .S .U . L IB R A R Y U.S. D E P O <!'"r A i MAY 2 Bulletin 2288 1988 Industry Wage Survey: Structural Clay Products, October 1986 U.S. Department of Labor William E. Brock, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner October 1987 Bulletin 2288 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 P reface This bulletin summarizes the results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of wages and related benefits in the struc tural clay products industries conducted in October 1986. A similar survey was conducted in September 1980. Separate reports were issued in March 1987 for six regions of industry concentration and for selected industry branches in five States. (See appendix table A-l for the specific locations for which separate reports were prepared.) The study was conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. Norma W. Carlson in the Division of Occupational Pay and Employee Benefit Levels planned the survey, reviewed and analyzed the survey data, and pre pared this bulletin. The Bureau’s field representatives obtained the data through personal visits to a probabilitybased sample of establishments within the scope of the survey. Fieldwork for the survey was directed by the Bureau’s Assistant Regional Commissioners for Operations. Other industry wage survey studies are listed at the end of this bulletin along with information on how to obtain them. Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. Contents Page Earnings and benefits ............................................................................................................................. 1 Industry characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 2 Tables: 1. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics................................................................ 4 Earnings distributions: 2. All establishments ....................................................................................................................... 3. Brick and structural clay tile....................................................................................................... 4. Ceramic floor and wall tile ......................................................................................................... 5. Clay refractories........................................................................................................................... 5 6 7 8 Occupational averages: 6. All establishments ....................................................................................................................... 9 7. Brick and structural clay tile........................................................................................................ 11 8. Ceramic floor and wall tile .......................................................................................................... 13 9. Clay refractories............................................................................................................................ 14 10. By type of a r e a ............................................................................................................................ 15 11. By labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment .......................................................................................................... 19 12. By method of wage paym ent..................................................................................................... 26 Occupational earnings: Brick and structural clay tile: 13. North Carolina..............................................................................................................................30 14. O h io ..............................................................................................................................................31 15. Pennsylvania..................................................................................................................................32 16. Texas..............................................................................................................................................33 Clay refractories: 17. M issouri........................................................................................................................................34 18. O h io ..............................................................................................................................................35 19. Pennsylvania..................................................................................................................................36 Establishment practices and employee benefits: 20. Method of wage paym ent............................................................................................................37 21. Scheduled weekly h o u rs ..............................................................................................................37 22. Shift differential provisions........................................ 38 23. Shift differential practices............................................................................................................39 24. Paid holidays................................................................................................................................40 25. Paid vacations .............................................................................................................................. 41 26. Health, insurance, and retirement plans ................................ 42 27. Other selected benefits ................................................................................................................ 44 Appendixes: A. Scope and method of survey........................................................................................................45 B. Occupational descriptions..............................................................................................................49 Structural Clay Products, October 1986 industries’ workers in the Southwest and three-fifths of those in the Southeast, the two lowest paying regions, were in the brick and structural clay tile branch. On the other hand, slightly less than three-fifths of the Middle West work force—highest paid among the regions—worked in clay refractory plants. Text table 1 shows that the average earnings differentials produced by cross-tabulation of data in table 1 differ con siderably from those derived by multiple regression—a tech nique used to isolate, to a considerable degree, the independent effects on earnings of individual wageinfluencing variables.3 For example, workers in the Middle West averaged 42 percent per hour more than their Southeast counterparts, but apparently only half of this differential is attributable solely to regional location. Similarly, the pay premiums associated with clay refractories and with plants operating under collective bargaining agreements are each much smaller when other factors are held constant than when corresponding earnings differences are computed by simple cross-tabulation (table 1); in contrast, small, cross-tabulated differentials (1 percent) associated with large plants (100 Earnings and benefits Straight-time earnings of production and related workers in structural clay products manufacturing industries averaged $7.41 an hour in October 1986 (table l) .1 The middle 50 percent of the approximately 23,500 production workers earned between $5.86 and $8.51; 95 percent earned between $4.00 and $12.00 (table 2). Regional and industry branch differentials contributed heavily to this relatively wide distribution of earnings (tables 3 through 5). The $7.41 aver age for all production workers in October 1986 was 26 percent higher than the $5.86 recorded by a previous survey in September 1980.2 This increase, averaging 4.0 percent annually, compares with an annual increase of 5.2 percent in the Bureau’s Employment Cost Index for durable goods manufacturing industries over the same period. One-eighth of the clay workers were in establishments that periodically adjust pay, using the BLS Consumer Price Index, for costof-living changes. Average earnings in October 1986 varied considerably among the seven regions for which separate data are available, ranging from $6.24 in the Southwest to $9.43 in the Middle West. In the Southeast, where three-tenths of the workers were employed, hourly earnings averaged $6.64. Averages in the other four regions fell between $7.00 and $8.50. Nationally, workers making clay refractories (firebrick and other heat-resistant products) averaged $9.80 an hour—45 percent more than their counterparts making brick and struc tural clay tile ($6.78), and 36 percent more than those producing ceramic floor and wall tile ($7.20). This relation ship held in the Southeast—the largest clay products center; in the Middle Atlantic, Great Lakes, and Pacific regions, where comparisons could be made, pay levels also were highest in refractories, but unlike the nationwide pattern, were lowest in ceramic wall and floor tile plants. Pay levels were mutually influenced by regional location and industrial composition. For example, one-half of the Text table 1. Percent earnings differentials associated with selected establishment characteristics, structural clay products manufacturing, October 1986 Percent earnings difference Paired characteristics Cross Multiple tabulation regression 27 17 Large to small establishments' ...................... 1 8 Clay refractories to brick/structural clay tile ... 45 27 Middle West to Southeast region................... 42 20 Metropolitan to nonmetropolitan a re a ........... 1 24 1 Large plants are defined as those with 100 employees or more. 2 Not statistically significant at a 95-percent confidence level. 1 Wage data contained in this bulletin are straight-time earnings, which exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Cost-of-living pay increases (but not bonuses) were included as part of the workers’ regular pay. Excluded were performance bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments, attendance bonuses, Christmas or yearend bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. 2 See Industry Wage Survey: Structural Clay Products, September 1980, Bulletin 2139 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1982). Union to nonunion........................................... 3 For a general comparison of cross-tabulation and multiple regression, see Albert E. Schwenk and Martin E. Personick, “ Analyzing earnings differentials in industry wage surveys,” Monthly Labor Review, June 1974, pp. 56-59. For a similar comparison that specifically relates to this industry, see Industry Wage Survey, Structural Clay Products, September 1975, Bulletin 1942 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1977), Appendix A. 1 About one-fifth of the workers, nationwide, received incentive wages, usually paid on a piecework basis. Typi cally, they averaged between 20 and 40 percent an hour more than those in the same job who were paid on a time-rated basis (table 12). This relationship generally held in individual regions where time- and incentive-rated workers could be compared. The large majority of workers, it should be emphasized, were paid on a time-rated basis, typically under formal plans providing single rates for specified occupations (table 20). Virtually all of the establishments surveyed provided paid holidays and paid vacations to their production workers (tables 24 and 25). Slightly over one-third of the workers received 5, 6, or 7 paid holidays, three-tenths received 8 or 9 days, and almost three-tenths were provided with 10 or 11 days annually. (Small percentages of workers were granted fewer than 5 days or more than 11 days.) The most liberal holiday provisions were reported in the Middle West—about three-fifths of the workers received 11 days or more. Nationwide, typical vacation provisions included 1 week after 1 year of service, 2 weeks after 3 years, 3 weeks or more after 10 years, and at least 4 weeks after 20 years. Vacation provisions tended to be somewhat more generous for longer-service workers in the Middle Atlantic, where half the workers were granted at least 5 weeks of vacation pay after 25 years. Almost all clay workers were in establishments providing at least part of the cost of life, hospitalization, surgical, medical, and major medical insurance (table 26). About fourfifths were covered by accidental death and dismemberment insurance, protection against loss of income due to illness or an accident, and retirement plans; in contrast, about onefifth were covered by dental insurance plans, and long-term disability insurance plans applied to less than one-tenth of the workers. Most plans were financed entirely by employers. Nearly four-fifths of the production workers were in establishments providing time off with pay to attend funerals of immediate family members; and seven-tenths of the workers were compensated by their employer for time off to serve on a jury (table 27). On the other hand, less than one-tenth of the workers were covered by technological severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. workers or more) and with location in metropolitan areas4 understate somewhat the independent impact of each factor on the industries’ pay levels. Average hourly earnings for occupations selected to represent the industries’ wage structure, workers’ skills, and manufacturing operations are presented in table 6. Pay levels among these 31 jobs, which accounted for three-fifths of the production work force, ranged from $6.60 for janitors, porters, and cleaners and $6.62 for off-bearers to $10.31 for maintenance electricians and $10.32 for machinists.5 Powertruck operators, the largest job group studied separately, averaged $7.28. Occupational averages are presented in tables 7, 8, and 9 for the three industry branches studied separately. In brick and structural clay tile manufacturing plants, maintenance electricians recorded the highest hourly average ($8.95) and janitors, the lowest ($5.94). Electricians were also highest paid in ceramic wall and floor tile ($10.64) and in clay refrac tories ($11.62); lowest paid were tunnel kiln placers in wall and floor tile plants ($6.18) and kiln setters and drawers in refractories ($7.67). Occupational averages were nearly always highest in clay refractory plants and usually lowest in brick and structural clay tile plants. Tables 13-16 present earnings information for the brick and structural clay tile industry in four States, and tables 17-19 contain similar data for clay refractories in three States. Occupational pay relationships for each branch varied widely among the States studied. For example, in the brick and struc tural clay tile branch, off-bearers in Ohio earned, on average, 82 percent more than their Texas counterparts; the hourly pay levels for maintenance electricians, in contrast, were reversed—3 percent higher in Texas than in Ohio. Nationwide, for all structural clay products establishments, occupational averages were higher in union than in nonun ion plants even when limited to the same plant-size category (table 11). The union pay premium was especially evident for small plants (less than 100 workers), reflecting in part differences in staffing patterns by industry branch. For ex ample, clay refractories—the highest-paying branchaccounted for one-third of the 5,200 production workers in small, unionized clay products plants (whose production workers averaged $8.36 an hour) compared with slightly less than one-fifth of the 7,000 workers in large, unionized plants averaging $8.19 per hour. No consistent pattern emerged when comparing occupa tional pay levels for all clay products establishments by type of area (table 10). Of the 28 occupations permitting nation wide comparison, sixteen had higher pay averages in metropolitan areas than in nonmetropolitan areas. Although varying by individual occupation, these pay differentials typi cally were under 15 percent, as were differentials for the 12 occupations for which pay levels favored nonmetropolitan areas. Industry characteristics Structural clay products plants within the scope of the survey (those having 20 workers or more) employed 23,535 production and related workers in October 1986 (appendix table A-l). About half of the production workers were employed in establishments whose major products were brick and structural clay tile; three-tenths were in plants primarily making ceramic wall and floor tile; and slightly more than one-eighth were in plants chiefly producing clay refractories. The remaining workers were in plants manufacturing other clay products, such as roofing and sewer tile. 4 Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Manage ment and Budget through June 1983. 5 See appendix B for occupational descriptions. 2 Text table 2. incidence of contracting out selected services in structural clay products establishments, October 1986 Production employment in the industries in October 1986 was down 10 percent from September 1980 and down 29 percent since September 1975, when similar clay studies were conducted. In 1986, three-fourths of the industries’ workers were concentrated in four regions—the Southeast (7,199 production workers), the Middle Atlantic (3,550), the South west (3,717) and the Great Lakes (3,139). By industry branch, the largest employment centers were the Southeast for brick and structural clay tile, the Middle Atlantic and Southeast for ceramic wall and floor tile, and the Middle West for clay refractories. Nationwide, the proportion of workers in metropolitan areas was four-fifths in ceramic wall and floor tile plants and three-fifths in each of the other two industry branches studied separately. Clay manufacturing plants are relatively small; the largest establishment covered by the survey employed fewer than 1,000 workers in October 1986. Fifteen of the 248 plants visited employed 250 workers or more. Large clay plants, those employing 100 production workers or more, account ed for one-fourth of the plants within the scope of the survey but for three-fifths of the industries’ work force. Forty-hour weekly work schedules applied to 93 percent of the industries’ production workers (table 21). Longer schedules applied to most of the remaining workers. Virtually all establishments had provisions for late shifts (table 22). In October 1986, 13 percent of the production workers were actually employed on second shifts and 5 percent on third shifts. Differentials varied widely, but were most commonly 10- to 25-cent-per-hour additions to day rates (table 23). Plants with a majority of production workers covered by labor-management agreements employed just over one-half of the work force. The Middle Atlantic and Middle West recorded the highest proportion of workers (three-fourths) in union plants while the Southwest recorded the lowest (onefourth). The proportion in the Southeast—the most heavily populated clay center—was slightly over two-fifths. The Aluminum, Brick, and Glass Workers International Union and the United Steelworkers of America (both A F L -C IO (Percent of industries1 production workers in establishments contracting out) Contract services' Percent of production workers Trucking........................ 55 59 Machine maintenance... 20 24 Janitorial ....................... 10 14 Accounting.................... 10 14 Computer processing .... 10 14 Secretarial ..................... (2) (2) Engineering/drafting..... 10 14 Other (guard, food, etc.) 15 19 1 All or part of service contracted out. 2 Less than 5 percent. affiliates) were the major unions in the clay products industries. The use of temporary help and the contracting out of various services also was studied during the current survey. One-eighth of the production workers in structural clay products were in plants regularly using temporary help services in lieu of new hires. Text table 2 shows the contract services selected for separate study. Trucking was, by far, the activity most com monly contracted out—by plants employing nearly threefifths of the clay industries’ production work force. Plants contracting out machine maintenance, janitorial services, accounting work, computer processing, engineering/draft ing, and other services (e.g., guard and food) accounted for between one-tenth and one-fourth of the workers, depend ing on the service contracted. Secretarial work was seldom contracted out. 3 Table 1. Structural clay products: Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' by selected characteristics, United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) United States3 Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Characteristic Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings All production workers4 .............................. Men ........................................................... 23,535 19,440 $7.41 7.54 3,550 2,538 $8.21 8.71 1,752 - $7.16 - 7,199 5,803 $6.64 6.58 3,717 3,014 $6.24 6.30 3,139 2,848 $8.35 8.48 1,753 1,692 $9.43 9.52 1,566 1,442 $7.94 8.18 Major product: Brick and structural clay tile.................... Ceramic floor and wall tile ...................... Clay refractories....................................... 11,593 7,300 3,414 6.78 7.20 9.80 785 2,064 665 8.68 7.74 9.24 1,234 6.47 5.95 7.44 8.43 7.01 9.73 6.87 116 1,055 849 731 690 8.05 6.11 7.21 8.77 1,927 112 4,517 2,012 581 1,001 11.40 644 345 126 8.72 5.62 9.46 Type of area: Metropolitan areas5 ................................. Nonmetropolitan areas ........................... 16,346 7,189 7.44 7.34 3,428 - 8.17 - 904 848 6.23 8.14 3,742 3,457 6.77 6.50 2,566 1,151 6.48 5.72 3,139 - 8.35 261 1,492 6.67 9.91 1,566 - 7.94 - Size of establishment: 20-99 workers .......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. 9,506 14,029 7.35 7.45 818 2,732 8.55 8.11 871 881 6.80 7.51 1,978 5,221 6.16 6.82 1,413 2,304 6.24 6.25 1,824 1,315 8.50 8.14 873 880 8.35 10.49 1,135 431 7.75 8.45 12,213 8.26 2,705 8.96 904 7.06 3,151 7.19 962 6.19 1,814 9.01 1,307 10.38 876 8.81 11,322 6.49 “ “ 848 7.26 4,048 6.21 2,755 6.26 1,325 7.44 446 6.62 690 6.83 Labor-management contract coverage: Establishments withMajority of workers covered.................... None or minority of workers covered ..................................................... - - ' Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 For definition of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Includes data for workers not identified by sex and for those in establishments with major products in addition to those shown separately. - _ _ 5 Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through June 1983. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, Table 2. Structural clay producta: Earnings distribution (Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Hourly earnings United States3 Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Pacific 23,535 $7.41 7.11 3,550 $8.21 8.32 1,752 $7.16 7.27 7,199 $6.64 6.49 3,717 $6.24 6.05 3,139 $8.35 7.65 1,753 $9.43 10.45 1,566 $7.94 8.00 5.86 8.51 6.35 9.47 6.03 8.51 5.46 7.49 5.35 6.90 7.12 9.43 6.80 11.23 6.75 8.90 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5.0 1.4 5.3 1.0 .1 2.9 .1 .1 .1 3.1 4.4 8.8 4.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 4.7 2.9 3.0 3.7 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.3 2.4 6.9 9.2 8.0 5.0 1.6 2.7 2.3 2.4 6.4 9.4 8.4 6.5 .5 .1 .3 .5 .8 .4 .2 .7 .1 .4 .f .3 .2 1.5 8.8 1.6 2.2 1.2 1.1 1.9 .4 1.7 1.5 Middle range:4 2.1 - 00 25 50 75 00 25 50 75 - $4 25 ........................... $4 50 .............................. $4 75 .......................... .............................. $5 00 $5 25 .......................................... $5 50 ................................. $5 75 .................................... $6 00 ....................................... 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.7 4.2 5.3 5.7 4.3 $6 00 $6 25 $6 50 $6 75 $7 00 $7 25 $7 50 $7 75 - $6 25 $6 50 $6 75 $7 00 $7 25 $7 50 $7 75 $8 00 .......................................... ...................................... .......................................... .......................................... .................................. .......................................... ................................. ................................. 4.6 5.0 5.3 5.3 6.7 5.2 3.9 3.9 2.5 6.0 1.4 .3 1.8 2.9 2.7 5.1 3.7 4.6 4.9 5.1 6.5 9.1 4.6 3.9 6.8 4.9 5.1 8.2 6.1 5.7 4.3 4.2 9.2 8.9 8.4 4.4 3.5 2.9 3.1 2.4 .3 1.2 6.8 6.6 20.3 7.6 4.2 4.0 2.7 4.1 5.9 4.4 2.7 1.5 3.8 1.8 2.4 2.8 5.1 4.1 3.9 2.5 4.3 5.8 $8 00 $8 25 $8 50 $8 75 $9 00 $9 25 $9 50 $9 75 - $8 25 ................................. - $8.50 .......................................... - $8.75 .......................................... - $9 00 ................................ - $9.25 .......................................... - $9.50 .......................................... - $9 75 .......................................... -$10.00 ...................................... 4.1 3.5 4.2 2.3 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.5 5.8 3.4 6.6 7.7 4.1 4.1 4.5 2.7 1.4 1.2 16.3 4.3 1.8 .3 1.5 .9 3.6 2.8 2.6 .7 .5 .4 .4 .5 1.8 4.0 1.5 .7 .2 .9 .1 .2 4.1 4.6 2.2 1.3 3.7 5.5 1.4 4.6 1.0 2.6 .5 .1 .1 1.5 13.8 4.9 8.9 4.8 2.8 2.6 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.0 1.3 .9 1.2 1.0 1.7 2.3 .8 1.3 1.1 2.1 1.4 3.2 .4 .1 .6 3.8 .8 .6 .6 .3 .3 .2 .9 .1 .3 .1 .4 1.2 2.8 2.5 .6 .8 .8 .6 1.8 1.9 5.9 10.0 3.4 11.0 3.4 6.7 2.7 2.0 1.1 1.9 .8 1.1 .8 1.3 .8 3.0 3.5 6.2 11.1 4.2 $4 $4 $4 $4 $5 $5 $5 $5 $10 00 $10 25 $10 50 $10 75 $11 00 $11 25 $11 50 $11 75 - $10.25 ...................................... $10 50 ................................ $10 75 ................................. $11 00 .................................. $11 25 ....................... $11 50 .......................... $11.75 ...................................... $12 00 .............................. (5) 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi days, and late shifts. 2 For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 4 See appendix A for method used to compute means, medians, and _ _ .2 .1 .2 .9 (5) .1 .3 .3 0 1.0 - middle ranges of earnings. 5 Less than 0.05 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no data were reported. T a b le 3. B ric k a n d s tru c tu ra l c la y tile: E a rn in g s d is trib u tio n (Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Hourly earnings United States3 Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Number of workers ................................ Average (mean) earnings4...................... Median4 .................................................... Middle range:4 First quartile ......................................... Third quartile ........................................ 11,593 $6.78 6.61 785 $8.68 8.36 1,234 $6.47 6.67 4,517 $6.11 5.75 1,927 $5.95 5.85 1,055 $8.43 7.81 690 $6.87 6.68 644 $8.72 8.61 5.46 7.75 7.66 9.66 5.37 7.42 5.25 6.97 5.00 6.82 7.12 9.16 6.13 7.53 7.22 9.60 Total .................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $4.00 ............................................ 3.2 7.1 2.1 8.6 - - - - - - - 1.9 1.8 2.1 6.6 4.1 4.3 5.3 1.8 2.1 2.6 3.6 3.6 10.7 13.2 11.6 7.5 2.7 4.8 3.8 2.9 6.6 9.3 8.4 5.9 3.6 4.2 2.0 1.1 .4 7.1 7.5 7.9 5.2 6.5 6.5 6.9 7.5 12.2 5.1 4.7 6.0 3.9 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.2 4.3 3.0 12.5 5.2 3.1 4.8 3.2 3.0 3.2 2.4 2.9 3.5 2.9 1.5 1.6 1.1 .8 .9 12.7 5.9 3.8 5.6 6.4 4.2 4.5 5.1 1.1 .6 2.0 .9 2.5 .5 .2 .7 1.4 1.8 1.9 .9 .5 .4 .3 .4 .9 1.9 2.6 .9 .3 1.0 .3 .2 3.6 10.4 2.0 .9 5.2 3.0 1.3 1.3 ...................................... ...................................... ...................................... ...................................... ...................................... ...................................... ...................................... ...................................... .9 .6 1.1 .2 .3 .3 .3 .6 2.0 5.1 .8 .4 .2 .2 .3 .4 .1 .3 .1 .1 .1 .4 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .7 .7 5.8 .6 3.6 $12.00 and o ver...................................... 1.6 2.9 .4 5.3 $4.00 $4.25 $4.50 $4.75 $5.00 $5.25 $5.50 $5.75 - $4.25 $4.50 $4.75 $5.00 $5.25 $5.50 $5.75 $6.00 .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... 1.5 2.2 2.4 2.8 6.0 7.2 6.6 5.4 $6.00 $6.25 $6.50 $6.75 $7.00 $7.25 $7.50 $7.75 - $6.25 $6.50 $6.75 $7.00 $7.25 $7.50 $7.75 $8.00 .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... 5.9 4.6 4.9 5.6 5.4 6.4 4.8 3.8 $8.00 $8.25 $8.50 $8.75 $9.00 $9.25 $9.50 $9.75 - $8.25 .......................................... $8.50 .......................................... $8.75 .......................................... $9.00 .......................................... $9.25 ........................................... $9.50 .......................................... $9.75 .......................................... $10.00 ........................................ - $10.00 $10.25 $10.50 $10.75 $11.00 $11.25 $11.50 $11.75 $10.25 $10.50 $10.75 $11.00 $11.25 $11.50 $11.75 $12.00 .1 .3 .1 - .9 .3 2.2 .3 .2 .9 2.4 ' Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi days, and late shifts. 2 For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 4 See appendix A for method used to compute means, medians, and .2 (5) (5) .2 1.0 .f .7 .6 .4 17.7 .2 “ 8.3 9.1 13.6 12.1 3.9 6.2 .9 .4 .9 1.7 .6 .5 6.8 9.9 14.9 11.2 6.8 3.9 9.4 4.5 3.3 3.4 5.3 6.4 4.3 2.2 5.0 3.9 2.0 6.4 .3 .1 7.5 2.2 16.5 7.6 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.3 1.7 1.3 3.6 .3 .3 “ “ 2.3 .6 2.6 1.7 .1 9 .9 middle ranges of earnings. 5 Less than 0.05 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no data were reported. Table 4. Ceramic wall and floor tile: Earnings distribution (Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,3 October 1986) Hourly earnings United States1 3 2 Middle Atlantic Southeast Great Lakes Pacific Number of workers ................................. Average (mean) earnings4 ...................... Median4 .................................................... Middle range:4 First quartile ......................................... Third quartile......................................... 7,300 $7.20 7.00 2,064 $7.74 8.00 2,012 $7.21 6.96 849 $7.01 7.15 345 $5.62 5.55 6.05 8.35 5.95 8.96 6.49 7.87 7.02 7.25 4.25 6.65 Total ........................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $3.75 ............................................ $3.75 - $4.00 ........................................... 1.1 .5 _ - .4 - 2.1 1.4 9.3 4.1 $4.00 $4.25 $4.50 $4.75 $5.00 $5.25 $5.50 $5.75 - $4.25 $4.50 $4.75 $5.00 $5.25 $5.50 $5.75 $6.00 ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... .8 .6 .5 1.0 3.3 4.3 6.6 4.5 _ - 1.8 7.2 9.9 5.5 5.2 5.5 1.7 6.4 5.8 $6.00 $6.25 $6.50 $6.75 $7.00 $7.25 $7.50 $7.75 - $6.25 $6.50 $6.75 $7.00 $7.25 $7.50 $7.75 $8.00 ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... 5.1 8.0 6.6 7.0 9.1 4.4 2.8 3.4 $8.00 $8.25 $8.50 $8.75 $9.00 $9.25 $9.50 $9.75 - $8.25 ........................................... $8.50 ........................................... $8.75 ........................................... $9.00 ........................................... $9.25 ........................................... $9.50 ........................................... $9.75 ........................................... $10.00 ......................................... - .5 .3 .2 .2 .7 1.8 2.4 1.0 4.2 5.5 12.2 7.5 .9 1.4 1.2 .5 .5 1.1 2.8 1.8 1.7 3.1 9.6 8.1 7.9 18.0 6.5 9.2 3.6 6.3 .5 4.2 .9 7.8 48.9 8.2 7.9 2.7 4.1 4.0 7.4 4.1 1.1 1.5 1.5 .7 5.0 2.6 8.7 10.5 3.0 3.6 3.6 1.6 5.9 5.7 5.0 .3 .5 .6 .6 .4 2.5 2.6 .1 .4 .4 .4 .5 .2 ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... .8 .9 .3 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.8 .4 $11.00 and over...................................... 2.8 $10.00 $10.25 $10.50 $10.75 $10.25 $10.50 $10.75 $11.00 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2.9 7.3 1.6 - (5) (5) 1.6 (5) 7.0 - 4.9 4.1 11.9 4.6 2.3 1.4 1.4 2.0 .3 .9 1.2 .9 .3 - _ .1 .1 .3 2.3 - - .8 .6 4 See appendix A for method used to compute means, medians, and middle ranges of earnings. 5 Less than 0.05 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no data were reported. Table 5. Clay refractories: Earnings distribution (Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,' United States and selected regions,2 O ctober 1986) Hourly earnings Middle Atlantic United States3 Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Number of workers ................................. Average (mean) earnings4 ...................... Median4 .................................................... Middle range:4 First quartile .......................................... Third quartile ......................................... 3,414 $9.80 10.23 665 $9.24 9.49 112 $8.05 7.79 581 $8.77 7.93 116 $7.44 7.46 731 $9.73 9.76 1,001 $11.40 11.08 126 $9.46 9.10 8.01 11.34 7.77 11.37 7.20 8.41 7.05 11.02 7.08 7.82 8.65 10.43 10.63 11.73 8.48 10.73 Total ............................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $5.00 ............................................. .7 .9 - 1.0 4.3 .8 .2 1.4 2.3 1.9 .5 .1 .4 1.7 1.1 3.8 6.3 9.2 _ - 1.7 .9 2.6 6.9 6.0 1.8 1.0 .1 1.2 .4 .3 3.7 2.1 13.8 23.3 13.8 6.9 1.7 8.6 1.7 2.6 1.0 2.2 1.8 3.4 2.1 1.8 2.5 1.9 $5.00 $5.25 $5.50 $5.75 $6.00 $6.25 $6.50 $6.75 - $5.25 $5.50 $5.75 $6.00 $6.25 $6.50 $6.75 $7.00 ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... .3 4.8 2.9 2.9 4.0 3.3 2.5 1.6 1.6 $9.00 - $9.25 ........................................... $9.25 - $9.50 ........................................... $9.50 - $9.75 ........................................... $9.75 - $10.00 ......................................... $10.00 - $10.25 ....................................... $10.25 - $10.50 ....................................... $10.50 - $10.75 ....................................... $10.75 - $11.00 ....................................... 2.0 4.7 2.5 5.0 2.4 5.7 7.6 3.2 4.8 5.6 7.7 3.3 3.6 2.6 3.2 1.1 $11.00 $11.25 $11.50 $11.75 $12.00 $12.50 $13.00 $13.50 ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... 6.7 3.3 6.1 3.7 5.5 2.8 1.2 .3 1.5 2.7 2.6 8.9 3.2 7.1 2.6 $14.00 and o v e r...................................... 3.3 - $7.25 $7.50 $7.75 $8.00 $8.25 $8.50 $8.75 $9.00 - $11.25 $11.50 $11.75 $12.00 $12.50 $13.00 $13.50 $14.00 1.4 .5 8.3 .5 3.2 3.8 2.0 4.8 .7 .2 .2 .3 2.6 1.4 4.5 4.5 _ ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... .......................................... ........................................... $7.00 $7.25 $7.50 $7.75 $8.00 $8.25 $8.50 $8.75 _ 18.8 7.1 15.2 8.9 9.8 11.6 19.4 6.2 6.9 6.4 12.7 .3 .5 .5 _ - .2 8.9 6.3 1.8 - .5 1.9 .3 .7 3.4 2.8 - _ - 2.8 1.5 10.5 .9 7.9 1.2 .7 .2 - - .3 ' Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi days, and late shifts. 2 For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2.7 - _ .9 1.7 .9 .9 - _ 3.3 16.1 2.3 13.4 3.7 9.0 1.9 1.8 _ - _ - .1 3.2 - - _ _ - .8 .1 .1 - .1 .6 .1 4.0 19.8 1.6 15.9 .1 2.7 2.2 9.4 17.6 5.9 9.5 4.0 4.0 .8 1.6 4.8 14.3 9.5 _ - - 1.4 2.5 1.0 1.9 3.8 2.5 1.0 .1 19.2 5.9 11.8 4.7 9.0 2.2 1.4 .7 - - 6.4 6.0 - .9 .8 3.2 1.6 .8 4 See appendix A for method used to compute means, medians, and middle ranges of earnings. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no data were reported. Table 6. Structural clay products: Occupational averages (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) United States3 Department and occupation Middle Atlantic Border States Number of workers Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 147 $7.63 19 $7.95 _ 351 204 241 7.11 7.95 7.83 17 21 61 8.92 7.25 8.14 _ 435 226 159 335 472 9.18 8.31 8.07 7.24 7.31 47 9.42 134 264 7.64 7.63 _ 168 1,225 530 200 124 206 785 1,193 7.58 7.38 8.17 8.70 8.72 7.32 6.82 6.70 37 139 111 39 275 1,131 664 728 7.14 6.63 7.66 7.04 256 165 762 180 529 10.31 10.32 9.16 8.70 7.87 Average hourly earnings Great Lakes Southwest Southeast Pacific Middle West Number of workers Average hourly earnings - 13 $9.62 27 27 21 $8.77 11.11 9.81 21 17 16 8.22 7.59 6.63 137 14 11 29 11.35 12.90 11.38 9.15 26 11 9 35 38 7.54 7.59 8.65 6.51 9.12 10 7.36 21 74 73 24 19 30 62 44 8.50 8.90 8.12 8.56 7.74 8.00 7.67 7.38 71 7.13 18 4.28 8 11.49 50 7 30 10.79 10.28 7.56 Number of workers Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 46 $6.24 26 $6.85 15 $9.35 125 51 43 6.31 6.62 6.81 54 5.78 - 36 20 14 8.41 10.08 7.53 78 46 24 70 194 8.83 5.66 6.75 7.01 6.16 59 41 6.48 6.13 71 68 34 33 70 8.88 9.52 10.53 6.97 8.52 24 105 5.97 7.45 11 56 6.07 6.95 10 16 7.06 7.63 - 55 289 677 6.62 6.81 7.06 6.76 6.32 27 235 29 15 9 88 106 6.02 6.56 7.11 6.85 7.67 5.22 5.18 40 143 161 70 64 67 82 6.75 7.99 9.62 10.25 9.87 7.61 7.77 - 397 66 _ 45 477 71 243 6.84 6.07 5.67 6.98 _ 5.75 6.54 - 42 147 72 - 7.81 9.00 11.02 - 62 54 251 66 123 9.56 10.00 8.69 8.27 7.15 26 9 108 34 60 9.28 8.92 9.76 8.12 7.93 Average hourly earnings Mining (winning) _ - Crushing, grinding, and mixing 54 $7.53 - - Forming and cutting _ _ 29 7 - 44 112 32 6.97 8.13 8.89 - 42 6.31 6.83 _ 7.62 - - Glazing _ _ _ _ _ - - Burning _ 9.71 9.04 7.49 8.18 _ _ _ _ _ 91 8.42 45 104 7.96 9.08 _ _ 103 18 8 6 _ 7.44 8.03 7.71 7.17 _ 50 87 7.50 6.35 _ - 84 45 27 10 11 88 8.22 7.08 7.43 7.14 8.91 8.96 Finishing (drawing) _ _ _ _ _ 81 43 _ _ 6.46 7.13 _ 216 214 - 41 57 - 7.00 6.63 - - Maintenance See footnotes at end of table. 25 28 94 12 103 10.73 9.90 8.66 9.15 8.99 11 - 9.90 _ 29 _ 8.27 - 45 7 53 - 113 81 - 8.12 7.00 41 52 93 22 66 11.24 11.89 10.78 10.25 8.82 - Table 6. Structural clay products: Occupational averages—Continued (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) United States1 3 2 Department and occupation Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Great Lakes Southwest Middle West Pacific Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 266 440 320 22 1,307 1,232 75 409 12 61 194 134 $6.60 7.83 7.20 7.15 7.28 7.27 7.47 7.43 9.14 7.03 7.34 7.66 47 39 63 $7.51 8.94 7.55 19 22 $6.88 6.98 6.80 6.78 75 100 73 “ 408 372 36 175 18 118 37 $6.19 6.73 6.83 “ 6.29 6.29 6.26 6.65 6.17 6.60 7.07 60 109 63 “ 169 164 $5.46 6.82 6.73 22 103 59 $7.56 9.12 7.44 20 29 23 16 15 7 $6.33 8.50 6.47 5.98 5.98 179 178 28 11 15 8.49 8.48 $8.21 8.71 7.12 “ 8.87 8.86 9.08 9.13 ~ 129 115 27 17 8.15 8.03 9.35 9.75 Custodial and material movement Janitors, porters or cleaners..................... Packaging-machine operators .................. Shipping packers........................................ Hand truckers ............................................. Power-truck operators ............................... Forklift....................................................... Other than forklift .................................... Truckdrivers................................................. Light truck................................................. Medium truck ........................................... Heavy truck .............................................. Tractor-trailer............................................ - - 128 117 11 28 - 8.21 8.07 9.68 8.00 - 8 12 7.99 7.32 93 86 - - 9 - - - - “ “ 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 For definition of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 6.44 - - - 64 14 38 6.23 6.22 6.16 - 9.27o 7.34 9.98 138 137 26 17 “ NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Data for overall classifications may include data for subclassifications not shown separately. Table 7. Brick and structural clay tile: Occupational averages (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) United States3 Department and occupation Number of workers Average hourly earnings Middle Atlantic Number of workers Average hourly earnings 19 $7.95 11 8.47 Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Number of workers Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings - 45 $6.28 25 $6.88 8 $9.14 - $6.60 5.99 110 32 26 6.02 6.07 5.70 40 5.72 - 14 - 10 9.20 7.52 6.75 7.06 - _ 5.36 6.36 6.12 30 8.69 _ _ Number of workers Average hourly earnings - Pacific Middle West Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 8 $10.08 15 8.84 8.87 Mining (winning) Power-shovel operators............................. 133 $7.51 249 53 93 6.57 6.12 6.61 11 97 61 37 367 - Crushing, grinding, and mixing Clay grinders............................................... Clay makers................................................ Dry-pan operators ...................................... - - - - 8.25 6.90 7.53 7.07 6.86 _ - - 10 65 6.26 7.07 - 85 817 179 105 45 29 413 835 6.62 6.88 8.66 9.00 8.92 6.99 7.19 6.43 - 27 780 631 6.85 6.60 7.66 _ - 76 24 283 125 332 8.95 8.22 8.03 8.17 7.23 _ 31 8 - - 6 $6.64 7.40 - 19 7.05 - _ _ - - _ 6.99 7.60 8.11 _ 14 8 Forming and cutting Die pressers................................................ Hand molders ............................................. Molding-machine operators....................... Press operators.......................................... Pugmill operators ....................................... _ 16 14 8.60 9.80 12 7.89 - _ 6 28 38 18 187 41 6.13 - _ - - 6 23 8.75 9.13 Glazing Glazing-machine feeders........................... Spray-machine operators.......................... 6.58 _ _ 23 - - 50 83 _ 6.91 7.50 6.24 _ 334 _ 177 542 _ 6.35 6.63 6.14 24 142 15 40 62 6.03 6.23 6.90 4.50 4.80 78 43 _ 6.40 7.13 11 322 53 5.85 5.82 5.37 10 150 214 7.34 5.55 6.54 26 127 56 93 8.96 7.54 7.82 6.47 21 8.52 7.59 7.13 - - _ - _ - Burning Firers, periodic kiln..................................... Firers, tunnel kiln........................................ Kiln setters and drawers........................... Setters....................................................... Drawers..................................................... Setters and drawers................................ Placers, tunnel kiln..................................... Unloaders, tunnel kiln................................ 53 41 33 - _ 8.26 8.59 8.53 - _ 69 - - 41 10.65 90 _ 9.12 - 13 17 6.64 7.80 10.62 10.82 10.29 7.45 9.27 _ 9.73 11.02 - 88 72 8.65 8.23 8.15 - 23 64 49 30 19 - 59 26 19 - - 58 7.05 41 57 _ 7.00 6.63 20 7 42 7.77 7.77 7.19 46 18 _ 9.35 7.67 - 38 14 8.77 9.31 41 8.98 - - - Finishing (drawing) Finishers...................................................... Off-bearers.................................................. Sorters, brick............................................... _ _ - Maintenance Electricians.................................................. Machinists ................................................... Mechanics (machinery).............................. Motor vehicle mechanics.......................... General maintenance workers................... See footnotes at end of table. - - _ _ “ - _ 21 31 7.57 6.83 58 60 8 10 37 _ - _ - - 19 10 11.73 8.06 Table 7. Brick and structural clay tile: Occupational averages—Continued (N u m b e r of production w o rk e rs an d a v e ra g e straig ht-tim e hourly earnings,' U nited S ta te s a n d s e le c te d reg io n s,2 O c to b e r 1 9 8 6 ) United States1 2 3 Department and occupation Number of workers Average hourly earnings 91 268 95 823 783 40 319 36 166 106 $5.94 7.43 7.09 6.54 6.53 6.75 7.07 6.16 7.05 7.50 Middle Atlantic Number of workers Average hourly earnings 14 $9.18 8 45 8.20 9.96 - Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 12 18 $6.02 6.57 28 93 $5.06 6.63 16 59 18 145 140 55 $5.13 6.18 7.02 5.84 5.83 Middle West Number of workers Average hourly earnings 38 $9.63 Number of workers Average hourly earnings 14 $6.90 Pacific Number of workers Average hourly earnings 14 $8.54 8.10 8.07 _ 9.99 Custodial and material movement Janitors, porters or cleaners...................... Packaging-machine operators ................... Shipping packers........................................ Power-truck operators Forklift ....................................................... Other than forklift.................................... Truckdrivers................................................. Medium truck ........................................... Heavy truck.............................................. Tractor-trailer............................................ - 42 36 6 - ” - - - 76 70 7 “ 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 For definition of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 644 6.40 - - 5.79 “ - 310 289 21 165 18 109 36 - 5.91 5.93 5.69 6.58 6.17 6.49 7.09 30 - 6.04 _ 5.83 - - 85 85 _ _ - 7.73 7.73 _ _ - 59 59 12 ° 8 6.80 6.80 7.06 7.28 - - _ 47 45 13 _ _ 9 10.63 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Data for overall classifications may include data for subclassifications not shown separately. Table 8. Ceramic floor and wall tile: Occupational averages (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions, October 1986) U n ited S ta te s 1 3 2 Department and occupation N u m b er of w orkers A v erag e hourly earnings N um ber of w o rkers A v e ra g e hourly earnings - - N um ber of w o rkers Pac ific G re a t L ak e s S o u th east M id d le A tlantic A v erag e hourly earnings of w o rkers A v e ra g e hourly earnings - - N u m b er N u m b er of w o rkers A v erag e hourly earnings Crushing, grinding, and mixing Clay grinders ...................................... Clay m a k e rs ........................................ Dry-pan operators .............................. 49 76 75 $ 7 .4 7 7 .0 5 8 .3 2 159 208 38 7 .2 3 6 .7 7 8 .0 5 118 187 246 73 69 338 278 7 .5 9 7.81 7 .8 7 6 .4 6 6 .5 0 6 .1 8 6 .5 4 21 $ 7 .8 6 72 7 .3 6 7 17 $7.51 7.71 59 62 7 .9 2 7 .0 6 20 82 44 55 55 93 6 .0 6 7 .6 9 7 .1 4 7 .0 6 7 .0 6 6.81 8 $4.61 Forming and cutting Die pressers........................................ Press operators.................................. Pugmill operators ............................... _ “ 10 19 $ 5 .2 4 7 .5 2 10 22 7 .0 9 7 .1 5 _ o Glazing Glazing-machine feeders.................... Spray-machine operators................... Firers, tunnel kiln................................ Kiln setters and drawers .................... Setters and drawers......................... Placers, tunnel kiln............................. Unloaders, tunnel kiln......................... _ - - - - - - - _ _ _ - - _ 8 “ * 12 “ ~ 3 .9 4 30 18 4 .6 0 4 .2 8 ” “ 6 .9 0 ' Finishing (drawing) Finishers ... Off-bearers Sorters, tile 185 288 727 6 .9 4 6.51 7 .0 4 106 47 242 7 93 1 0 .6 4 9 .7 6 8 .9 0 7 .9 0 8 .0 3 135 78 166 187 169 31 13 13 6 .4 0 7 .6 3 6 .7 9 7 .3 5 7 .3 2 7.51 8 .1 5 6 .8 9 _ _ “ “ _ - 24 151 243 6 .6 0 6 .6 2 6 .9 8 28 22 98 9 .6 0 9 .4 3 9 .3 8 8 .0 5 _ 23 7 .3 2 _ Maintenance Electricians............................................ Machinists .............................................. Mechanics (machinery)......................... Motor vehicle mechanics ...................... General maintenance workers.............. 66 8 .2 2 _ - “ “ - - - 10 . _ _ _ - 8 .3 0 10 “ 9 .7 5 - 15 6.91 6 “ 6.51 15 Custodial and material movement Janitors, porters or cleaners................. Packaging-machine operators .............. Shipping packers................................... Power-truck operators .......................... Forklift .................................................. T ruckdrivers............................................ Medium truck ...................................... Tractor-trailer....................................... 1 late 2 3 9 43 32 71 58 7 .1 7 - - - 14 - “ Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and shifts. For definition of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. - - 48 28 28 6 .4 5 7 .2 9 7 .3 6 7 .5 5 - - - - - - - 6.61 “ 7 .0 5 7 .3 8 7 .3 8 - “ ” “ - - “ — " NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Data for overall classifications may include data for subclas sifications not shown separately. T a b le 9 . C la y re fra c to rie s : O c c u p a tio n a l a v e ra g e s (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,’ United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) United States1 3 2 Department and occupation Average hourly earnings Number of workers 37 73 65 $10.08 10.24 9.05 - 262 84 74 66 47 10.41 9.68 8.95 8.62 9.98 44 116 110 23 82 19 58 9.81 9.57 7.67 7.91 7.56 9.64 10.97 - 49 38 7.83 8.11 “ 63 81 211 28 88 11.62 11.37 11.03 11.48 10.09 - 33 88 55 162 158 40 6 6 17 11 9.11 9.28 8.46 10.17 10.21 10.04 11.09 Number of workers Great Lakes Middle Atlantic Average hourly earnings 6 30 Forming and cutting Die pressers............................................... Hand molders ............................................ Molding-machine operators....................... Press operators......................................... Pugmill operators ...................................... 19 36 10 Burning Firers, periodic kiln.................................... Firers, tunnel kiln....................................... Kiln setters and drawers........................... Setters...................................................... Setters and drawers............................... Placers, tunnel kiln.................................... Unloaders, tunnel kiln................................ 25 21 $8.18 8.44 10.03 9.71 8.01 10.54 9.46 - - $10.55 13 27 14 $11.06 11.11 11.14 9.12 11.20 10.03 133 13 10 11.45 13.41 11.64 e ~ 17 ” 62 28 13 33 - - 10 8.12 32 7.70 11 32 11.30 9.83 9 .8 7 9.75 10.02 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 For definition of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 7 15 9 21 21 - 9.34 8.77 7.54 10.25 10.25 - 7 72 8 11 35 35 - 25 “ 11.12 “ 30 12.65 “ “ ~ Custodial and material movement Janitors, porters or cleaners..................... Packaging-machine operators.................. Shipping packers....................................... Power-truck operators .............................. Forklift...................................................... Truckdrivers................................................ Light truck................................................ Medium truck .......................................... Heavy truck ............................................. Tractor-trailer........................................... 8.75 - ” Maintenance Electricians................................................. Machinists .................................................. Mechanics (machinery).............................. Motor vehicle mechanics .......................... General maintenance workers.................. Average hourly earnings Average hourly earnings Finishing (drawing) Finishers..................................................... Off-bearers................................................. Number of workers Number of workers Crushing, grinding, and mixing Clay grinders.............................................. Clay makers............................................... Dry-pan operators..................................... Middle West 10.65 10.54 8.27 8.20 “ 9.80 9.80 - 34 51 73 14 11.97 12.00 11.60 11.68 “ 10 15 10.29 10.40 67 66 14 11.26 11.28 10.80 “ “ “ ” " NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Data for overall classifications may include data for subclassifications not shown separately. T a b le 10. S tru c tu ra l c la y p ro d u c ts : O c c u p a tio n a l a v e ra g e s b y ty p e o f a r e a (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) United States3 Department and occupation Metropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Nonmetropolitan areas Number of workers Border States Middle Atlantic Average hourly earnings Metropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Metropolitan areas Southeast Nonmetropolitan areas Metropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Nonmetropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings - - - 28 $6.59 18 $5.69 _ 67 6.58 - 30 6.31 6.63 58 23 13 6.32 7.16 7.22 _ 50 27 13 31 78 9.12 6.15 6.96 6.9? 6.19 _ 19 11 39 116 _ 4.97 6.50 7.03 6.15 15 46 6.13 7.35 _ 59 7.52 _ _ _ 190 36 - 6.91 5.51 - _ 207 - _ 6.36 - - - - - 8.18 7.53 - 134 326 6.59 6.24 155 351 6.90 6.39 30 316 7.03 6.01 15 161 53 124 6.48 6.18 5.37 7.20 Mining (winning) Power-shovel operators............................. 109 $8.06 38 $6.37 19 $7.95 - 213 137 137 7.03 7.72 7.47 138 67 104 7.24 8.44 8.31 14 21 53 8.96 7.25 7.84 - 262 175 134 271 281 8.11 8.28 7.97 7.39 7.59 173 51 25 64 191 10.80 8.41 8.59 6.64 6.90 _ - _ _ - - 44 112 29 _ 6.97 8.13 9.03 122 191 7.82 7.70 12 73 5.79 7.43 - _ - _ _ _ _ - - - - 142 804 420 164 102 154 581 722 7.49 7.59 8.20 8.91 9.10 6.85 6.82 6.66 26 421 110 36 22 52 204 471 8.03 6.99 8.05 7.74 6.94 8.74 6.83 6.75 29 139 92 33 _ _ 9.98 9.04 7.28 8.53 - _ - - 204 792 446 529 6.86 6.87 8.45 6.85 Crushing, grinding, and mixing Clay grinders.............................................. Clay makers............................................... Dry-pan operators ...................................... 21 $6.24 - 8 - - Forming and cutting Die pressers............................................... Hand molders ............................................. Molding-machine operators....................... Press operators .......................................... Pugmill operators ....................................... 13 - - - - - - 19 23 6.93 _ $8.11 8.19 Glazing Glazing-machine feeders........................... Spray-machine operators.......................... Burning Firers, periodic kiln..................................... Firers, tunnel kiln........................................ Kiln setters and drawers ........................... Setters...................................................... Drawers.................................................... Setters and drawers................................ Placers, tunnel kiln..................................... Unloaders, tunnel kiln................................ 91 8.42 _ _ _ 6.09 6.04 7.55 39 104 - 8.22 9.08 - 47 6.56 56 _ - - _ _ 32 60 _ 7.48 5.96 _ _ _ 54 6.07 - - 18 - Finishing (drawing) Finishers ..................................................... Off-bearers.................................................. Sorters, brick............................................... Sorters, tile .................................................. See footnotes at end of table. _ 339 218 199 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - Table 10. Structural clay products: Occupational averages by type of area—Continued (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,’ United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) United States3 Department and occupation Metropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Middle Atlantic Nonmetropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Metropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Border States Metropolitan areas Southeast Nonmetropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers _ _ _ - - - - - Average hourly earnings Metropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Nonmetropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Maintenance Electricians.................................................. Machinists ................................................... Mechanics (machinery).............................. Motor vehicle mechanics ........................... General maintenance workers................... 168 90 509 108 361 $10.33 9.66 9.13 8.84 7.91 88 75 253 72 168 $10.26 11.11 9.22 8.48 7.77 24 27 94 12 96 $10.74 9.88 8.66 9.15 8.96 173 317 280 20 865 816 49 252 8 47 100 89 6.53 8.16 7.21 6.90 7.35 7.31 7.93 7.83 8.89 7.02 7.72 8.43 93 123 40 46 37 63 7.46 8.89 7.55 442 416 26 157 6.73 6.99 7.07 7.14 7.18 6.60 6.78 116 105 11 28 8.17 8.01 9.68 8.00 - - - _ _ 7.06 6.92 6.13 _ _ _ 7.99 7.32 - - 29 18 _ $6.95 16 _ $8.67 _ 8.59 32 37 129 39 55 $9.71 10.08 8.96 8.87 8.17 26 39 62 6.36 6.52 6.91 214 198 16 86 6.35 6.38 6.06 7.11 _ _ _ 30 $9.41 122 27 68 8.40 7.42 6.33 49 61 11 6.10 6.86 6.34 194 174 6.22 6.19 89 6.21 _ _ Custodial and material movement Janitors, porters or cleaners...................... Packaging-machine operators................... Shipping packers........................................ Hand truckers ............................................. Power-truck operators ............................... Forklift ....................................................... Other than forklift .................................... Truckdrivers................................................. Light tru c k ................................................. Medium truck ........................................... Heavy truck .............................................. Tractor-trailer............................................ See footnotes at end of table. - 14 94 45 - - 8 12 _ _ 16 - _ 59 53 - 6.54 6.32 6.24 12 6 _ 34 33 _ _ 5.79 _ 7.74 8.14 _ _ 7.65 7.65 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 7 _ _ _ _ 46 25 _ _ 7.03 7.69 72 12 6.32 5.78 Table 10. Structural clay products: Occupational averages by type of area—Continued (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Nonmetropolitan areas Metropolitan areas Pacific Middle West Great Lakes Southwest Nonmetropolitan areas Metropolitan areas Metropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 9 $6.89 17 $6.83 15 $9.35 - - 33 5.81 _ 6.47 21 5.73 36 20 14 8.41 10.08 7.53 - _ - - - - - _ _ _ _ 5.08 6.19 8.88 9.52 10.53 6.97 8.52 - _ _ 71 68 34 33 70 _ _ _ - - - - 10 16 7.06 7.63 - 40 143 161 70 64 6.75 7.99 9.62 10.25 9.87 - Number of workers Average hourly earnings Metropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings 13 $9.62 Mining (winning) - - Crushing, grinding, and mixing 9 - 22 27 20 $9.16 *11.11 9.97 21 17 16 8.22 7.59 8.63 137 14 10 22 11.35 12.90 11.64 9.86 26 11 9 35 38 7.54 7.59 8.65 6.51 9.12 10 7.36 21 74 73 24 19 30 62 44 8.50 8.90 8.12 8.56 7.74 8.00 7.67 7.38 Forming and cutting Hand molders ............................................ Press operators ......................................... Pugmill operators ...................................... 48 16 6.80 6.03 9 54 6.06 7.03 24 146 26 13 6.10 6.67 7.08 6.71 11 25 - - 7 $6.91 Glazing Glazing-machine feeders........................... Spray-machine operators .......................... _ _ _ _ - - 6.98 - - - - Burning Firers, periodic k iln .................................... Kiln setters and drawers ........................... 9 63 53 7.67 5.32 5.46 113 103 6.36 7.19 _ 89 _ _ _ 25 _ 6.40 _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 82 7.61 7.77 42 147 72 7.81 9.00 11.02 4.98 _ 24 - 60 38 21 8.71 7.22 7.82 _ - _ - - - _ - - - _ - _ - 6 40 10.55 12.00 34 35 7.34 6.69 Finishing (drawing) _ See fo o tn o te s at e nd o f table. _ 103 _ _ _ 5.08 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - 71 - 18 7.13 4.28 Table 10. Structural clay products: Occupational averages by type of area—Continued (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Southwest Department and occupation Metropolitan areas Number of workers Great Lakes Nonmetropolitan areas Average hourly earnings Metropolitan areas Middle West Metropolitan areas Nonmetropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 10 $7.89 26 9 108 34 60 $9.28 8.92 9.76 8.12 7.93 _ _ - - - - 22 103 59 179 178 28 11 15 “ 7.56 9.12 7.44 8.49 8.48 9.27 7.34 9.98 _ Number of workers Pacific Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 39 51 86 20 48 $11.44 12.00 11.04 10.53 „ 9 44 20 22 8.21 9.33 9.18 9.17 9.36 _ 9.60 - Metropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings 8 $11.49 50 7 30 10.79 10.28 7.56 16 15 7 129 115 27 _ _ 17 6.33 8.50 6.47 8.15 8.03 9.35 _ _ 9.75 Maintenance Electricians.................................................. Machinists ................................................... Mechanics (machinery).............................. Motor vehicle mechanics .......................... General maintenance workers.................. _ - - - - - 91 $8.40 52 6.71 29 7.51 51 83 57 91 90 29 5.52 7.38 6.92 6.10 6.11 6.41 6.87 9 26 5.14 5.04 78 74 35 5.84 5.82 6.08 - - - - 18 $7.16 _ - Custodial and material movement Janitors, porters or cleaners..................... Packaging-machine operators .................. Shipping packers........................................ Power-truck operators ............................... Forklift ....................................................... T ruckdrivers................................................. Medium truck ........................................... Heavy truck .............................................. Tractor-trailer............................................ 11 - “ - 7 19 19 - _ 6.75 6.96 6.96 _ _ - 119 118 23 _ 14 - ' Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publicashifts. tion criteria. Data for overall classifications may include data for subclassifications not 2 For definition of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. shown separately. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Table 11. Structural clay products: Occupational averages by labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Department, occupation, and size of establishment Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Majority of workers covered Majority of workers covered None or minority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings Southeast Border States Middle Atlantic United States3 None or minority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings - - - - None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 20 9 $6.41 6.67 26 14 12 $6.11 5.61 6.70 6.92 7.57 6.46 7.83 8.07 - 69 36 33 26 12 5.82 5.36 6.33 6.84 5.73 6.31 5.92 6.44 Mining (winning) Power-shovel operators............................. 20-99 workers .......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. 79 45 34 $8.15 8.68 7.45 68 40 28 $7.02 7.17 6.79 19 - $7.95 - • Crushing, grinding, and mixing Clay grinders............................................... 20-99 workers .......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Clay m akers................................................ 20-99 workers .......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Dry-pan operators ...................................... 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. 17 8 9 7 177 98 79 96 47 49 116 62 54 7.94 8.32 7.46 9.44 10.36 8.56 8.49 7.82 9.25 174 96 78 108 38 70 125 35 90 6.27 5.86 6.78 6.63 5.90 7.02 7.22 6.91 7.34 369 153 216 161 89 72 73 27 46 139 43 96 216 142 74 9.60 9.85 9.43 9.46 8.80 10.29 9.76 9.10 10.15 8.15 7.64 8.38 8.10 7.88 8.51 66 27 39 65 24 41 86 45 41 196 74 122 256 140 116 6.82 5.88 7.47 5.45 5.02 5.70 6.63 6.63 6.63 6.60 5.71 7.14 6.65 6.33 7.03 _ - 171 37 134 7.82 7.45 7.92 41 22 19 93 26 67 5.61 5.07 6.23 7.27 6.54 7.55 _ - 53 21 32 8.92 8.55 9.25 9.37 8.41 6.69 9.54 24 10 14 9 - $7.06 7.55 6.71 6.87 - - $7.47 - 8.28 - - _ - - - - 14 56 23 33 14 12 - 29 7 22 Forming and cutting Die pressers................................................ 20-99 workers .......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Hand molders ............................................. 20-99 workers .......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Molding-machine operators....................... 20-99 workers .......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Press operators .......................................... 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Pugmill operators ....................................... 20-99 workers .......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. 23 10 70 51 32 19 13 _ 8.70 8.97 9.20 9.69 8.89 8.73 9.13 _ - _ - - 13 23 10 13 7.50 7.78 7.28 - 7.77 7.02 - _ - - _ - 19 11 47 8 8 24 24 59 43 16 9.67 7.02 7.02 6.50 6.50 6.27 5.80 7.53 31 31 41 38 16 14 46 45 135 73 62 7.55 7.55 5.48 5.49 6.61 6.62 7.27 7.33 6.12 5.48 6.86 Glazing Glazing-machine feeders........................... 20-99 workers .......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Spray-machine operators.......................... 20-99 workers .......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. See fo o tn o te s a t e nd o f table. - 6 “ - - 8.49 - - 58 50 7.50 7.75 15 47 47 5.69 7.38 7.38 Table 11. Structural clay products: Occupational averages by labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment—Continued (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) United States3 Department, occupation, and size of establishment Majority of workers covered Border States Middle Atlantic None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 90 59 31 594 333 261 308 165 143 99 47 52 58 24 34 151 94 57 346 107 239 440 185 255 $8.63 7.96 9.89 8.14 8.09 8.21 8.50 7.77 9.34 9.03 8.93 9.13 9.18 7.84 10.12 7.89 7.18 9.06 7.91 8.40 7.70 7.81 7.99 7.68 78 68 10 631 310 321 222 138 84 101 64 37 66 38 28 55 36 439 86 353 753 317 436 $6.36 6.18 7.61 6.67 6.38 6.95 7.71 6.88 9.08 8.38 7.18 10.44 8.32 7.17 9.87 5.77 6.02 5.96 5.65 6.03 6.05 5.86 6.18 37 16 21 123 53 111 66 45 39 51 - $9.71 8.63 10.53 9.35 9.05 7.49 6.34 9.17 8.18 10.05 - 154 28 126 477 172 305 262 153 109 288 277 6.94 7.99 6.71 7.30 8.61 6.57 8.79 8.94 8.58 7.69 7.72 121 43 654 271 383 402 200 202 440 65 375 7.38 6.75 6.15 5.84 6.36 6.92 6.49 7.34 6.62 5.18 6.87 Majority of workers covered Number of workers Southeast None or minority of workers covered Average hourly earnings Number of workers Majority of workers covered None or minority of workers covered Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings -o 146 66 80 117 22 95 206 91 115 $7.06 6.72 7.34 7.39 6.44 7.61 7.06 6.73 7.33 _ 251 103 148 172 35 137 471 175 296 _ $6.37 5.89 6.70 - ■ 6.32 5.62 6.50 5.99 6.02 5.98 23 7.18 6.60 - _ 269 231 174 168 6.14 6.26 6.66 6.74 Burning Firers, periodic k iln ..................................... 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more ............................... Firers, tunnel k iln ........................................ 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more ............................... Kiln setters and draw ers............................ 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. S etters........................................................ 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Drawers...................................................... 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Setters and draw ers.................................. 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more ............................... Placers, tunnel k iln ...................................... 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more ............................... Unloaders, tunnel k iln ................................. 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more ............................... _ - _ - - _ $7.29 7.65 7.02 9.00 7.84 7.92 - - $7.56 7.04 6.53 6.35 6.55 - _ _ _ _ - - - 5.68 5.68 - 47 20 27 14 37 33 56 32 13 32 20 Finishing (drawing) Finishers...................................................... 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more ............................... Off-bearers.................................................. 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more ............................... Sorters, brick............................................... 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Sorters, tile .................................................. 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more ............................... See footnotes at end of table. _ 45 27 104 59 - _ 7.96 7.09 9.08 8.91 - - 42 42 - - 19 - - Table 11. Structural clay products: Occupational averages by labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment— Continued (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Department, occupation, and size of Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 24 - - - - - - - - None or minority of workers cove»red Maj<)rity of workers coveired None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Majority of workers covered None or minority of workers covered Souttleast Border States Middle Atlantic United States3 Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 29 7 22 45 $9.95 10.68 9.71 10.13 9.51 9.05 8.50 8.98 8.84 8.13 8.52 7.19 33 7 26 9 $9.23 8.01 9.56 9.37 9 113 28 85 35 7 28 79 51 28 9.37 8.25 6.82 8.73 7.65 7.41 7.71 6.61 6.33 7.12 32 10 22 73 21 52 51 5.25 4.65 5.53 6.64 6.24 6.80 6.24 46 6.32 212 66 146 192 64 128 6.10 5.58 6.33 6.06 5.60 6.28 “ Maintenance 132 47 85 140 38 102 478 224 254 93 32 61 282 151 131 $10.50 10.21 10.66 10.64 10.32 10.76 9.72 10.04 9.44 9.49 9.35 9.57 8.64 8.67 8.61 146 30 116 223 159 64 119 40 79 19 697 346 351 649 334 315 48 12 36 7.36 8.13 7.17 8.78 9.01 8.20 8.63 9.47 8.21 7.15 8.10 8.06 8.15 8.12 8.06 8.18 7.93 8.15 7.85 _ - $10.81 11.03 9.90 - 24 284 97 187 87 12 75 247 152 95 8.60 8.22 7.90 8.38 7.85 7.74 7.87 6.98 6.74 7.35 - - 120 52 68 217 85 132 201 86 115 5.66 5.30 5.94 6.86 6.51 7.08 6.35 6.36 6.34 _ _ 124 29 95 25 _ $10.10 8.54 10.58 8.50 19 28 58 50 - 97 36 61 9.53 9.78 9.18 9.32 9.09 17 24 - - $8.21 7.28 - 12 12 21 13 - $8.35 8.35 7.82 6.64 - 35 138 107 31 28 44 31 13 ” Custodial and material movement 20-99 w orkers......................................... See footnotes at end of table. 610 211 399 583 206 377 27 _ 36 39 12 27 41 6 35 _ 6.34 6.06 6.49 6.33 6.06 6.47 6.67 _ 22 39 _ 6.76 8.02 7.93 8.94 7.66 9.50 8.77 9.53 8.63 - 90 42 48 79 39 40 11 _ 8 9.16 8.74 9.52 9.09 8.59 9.57 9.68 10 11 7 5.93 7.90 7.64 43 11 9 6.06 6.14 - 41 27 18 9 22 6.89 6.73 6.98 6.95 7.03 8.18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35 22 6.66 6.43 34 21 6.63 6.38 - 196 70 126 180 70 110 16 16 6.49 6.39 6.55 6.54 6.39 6.64 5.96 5.96 58 - 6.89 - - 6.65 6.88 7.22 6.65 - - - - - - - - - - 9.26 - - - - 31 52 21 31 - - - - “ Table 11. Structural clay products: Occupational averages by labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment—Continued (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Department, occupation, and size of establishment Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings None or minority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings 22 12 10 $8.37 8.59 8.11 _ _ _ __ 7.99 8.32 Southeast Border States Middle Atlantic United States3 None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Custodial and material movement (continued) 20-99 workers .......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. 20-99 workers 100 workers or more .............................. Heavy truck................................................ 100 workers or more .............................. Tractor-trailer............................................. 100 workers or more .............................. See footnotes at end of table. 190 90 100 7 24 10 14 84 35 49 75 42 33 $8.43 8.44 8.43 10.21 7.68 7.18 8.05 8.63 9.03 8.34 8.29 8.06 8.60 219 120 99 $6.56 6.72 6.36 37 15 22 110 60 50 59 33 6.60 6.42 6.72 6.35 6.04 6.72 6.86 8.04 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 22 41 _ _ _ _ $7.23 6.19 7.79 _ _ - 29 7.50 - 25 30 14 16 7.56 7.24 6.22 8.14 112 47 65 - _ $6.32 5.92 6.61 _ _ - _ _ •89 _ 48 7 - 6.69 6.33 _ - _ - 6.30 - Table 11. Structural clay products: Occupational averages by labor-management contract coverage and size o f establishment—Continued (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Department, occupation, and size of establishment None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Number of workers None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings _ 23 12 $6.91 7.38 12 10 $9.84 10.25 $6.24 - 45 28 17 5.69 5.47 6.04 5.49 - 26 21 8.93 9.39 10.16 - Average hourly earnings Pacific Middle West Great Lakes Southwest Number of workers Average hourly earnings None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings - 9 9 $9.96 9.96 $6.38 - 15 15 8.84 8.84 10.24 10.24 8.79 8.49 “ Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Mining (winning) Power-shovel operators............................. 20-99 w orkers.......................................... - - - - - - - - Crushing, grinding, and mixing Clay grinders............................................... 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Clay m akers................................................ 20-99 w orkers.......................................... Dry-pan operators ...................................... 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. 9 _ - _ 9 - - 19 - 10 7 9 - $7.07 7.45 7.18 - 19 9 10 24 10 18 10 8 $9.78 8.15 11.24 11.37 10.68 10.20 9.51 11.07 6.62 5.87 7.86 8.46 7.50 136 43 13 12 10 17 11.37 11.31 13.41 13.24 11.64 10.68 7.17 - - 6.73 6.65 7.22 7.35 7.14 - 8 " 9 9 11 6 “ 6 8 8 - $6.68 4.61 4.61 “ “ Forming and cutting Die pressers................................................ 20-99 w o rkers.......................................... Hand m olde rs............................................. 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Molding-machine operators....................... 20-99 w orkers.......................................... Press operators.......................................... 20-99 w orkers.......................................... Pugmill operators ....................................... 20-99 w o rkers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. _ 9 - _ 6.22 - 7 7 47 27 32 19 - 5.79 5.79 6.42 5.80 6.10 6.32 - 60 60 68 56 9 33 26 7 9.30 9.30 9.52 9.20 7.90 9.25 9.58 8.05 - 7.86 7.95 - 24 16 37 14 23 7 - - 12 - - 6.98 “ 15 9 6 6 6 28 27 ~ 8.46 8.65 8.18 9.41 9.41 9.58 9.64 “ - 29 10 8 “ 5.91 7.84 7.74 ~ Glazing Glazing-machine feeders........................... Spray-machine operators.......................... 20-99 w orkers.......................................... _ 27 - _ 6.50 - - 6.62 7.46 6.30 21 21 191 109 “ 7 6.45 - _ 6.09 6.09 6.55 6.35 - 14 7 - ~ “ - “ - - 6.84 7.02 “ - 9.30 9.25 - 8 8 6.90 6.90 Burning Firers, periodic k iln ..................................... 20-99 w o rkers.......................................... Firers, tunnel k iln ........................................ 20-99 w orkers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. S e e footnotes at end of table. _ 44 12 32 - 95 86 8.39 8.35 ” 28 22 48 18 30 56 39 17 8.91 7.86 11.31 28 20 ” 58 43 — " 16 - “ 7.46 - Table 11. Structural clay products: Occupational averages by labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment— Continued (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) S outh w est n . . . , e sta b lish m e n t M ajority o f w orke rs cove re d G re a t La kes N one or m inority o f w orkers cove red M ajority o f w o rke rs cove re d A verage hourly earnings N um ber of w orke rs A verage hourly earnings 19 19 9 9 - _ $5.82 5.82 - - $6.68 6.68 6.59 6.59 4.72 4.55 4.86 - - - _ _ - - 10 189 97 92 213 95 - 7.34 5.70 5.96 5.43 6.54 7.46 - - - - - - - N um b er of w o rke rs M id d le W e s t N o n e o r m ino rity o f w o rk e rs c o ve re d M a jo rity o f w o rk e rs c o ve re d N um b er of w o rke rs A vera ge hourly ea rning s N um b er of w o rke rs A vera ge hourly ea rning s 62 $1 0.30 - 99 52 50 23 37 17 - $9.19 7.30 10.19 8.32 9.42 8.03 - - - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ 7.94 6.52 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ - _ - N um b e r of w o rke rs P acific N o n e o r m inority o f w o rke rs c o ve re d A ve ra g e ho urly e a rning s M ajority o f w o rke rs cove re d N o n e o r m ino rity o f w orke rs cove red N um b e r of w o rk e rs A vera ge hourly ea rning s N um b er of w o rke rs A vera ge hourly ea rning s 35 31 18 _ _ _ _ - $6.21 6.22 5.96 _ _ _ _ _ - 52 38 18 10 11 $8.36 8.46 8.81 9.24 7.56 - 23 23 38 20 8.39 8.39 8.77 8.92 _ 18 11 - - - 9.20 9.57 - _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - N um b er of w o rke rs A vera ge ho urly ea rnings 21 $ 7 .52 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 12 6.1 3 3.94 Burning (co ntinue d) K iln se tte rs and d ra w e rs ................................ 20 -9 9 w o r k e r s ................................................. S e tte r s ................................................................ 20 -99 w o r k e r s ................................................. D ra w e rs .............................................................. 20 -99 w o rke rs ................................................. S e tte rs and d r a w e r s ...................................... 20 -99 w o r k e r s ................................................. P lacers, tun nel k i l n ........................................... 20 -99 w o rke rs ................................................ 100 w o rke rs o r m ore ................................... U nloaders, tu n n e l k i l n ..................................... 20 -99 w o rke rs ................................................. 100 w o rke rs o r m ore ................................... _ 40 40 - 48 37 70 20 10.38 - 27 10.48 8.56 8.45 - 22 16 19 19 - 8.58 8.58 - _ - _ 11 $8.91 _ 54 31 23 10.66 9.21 12.61 - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ Finishing (drawing) F in is h e rs .............................................................. 100 w o rke rs o r m o re ................................... O ff-b e a re rs .......................................................... 20 -99 w o rke rs ................................................. 100 w o rke rs o r m ore ................................... S orters, b r ic k ...................................................... 20 -99 w o rke rs ................................................. S orte rs, t i l e .......................................................... 20 -99 w o rke rs ................................................. 26 9 72 47 25 35 35 7.83 8.28 10.10 10.45 9.46 11.26 11.26 _ - 75 31 29 22 _ _ - 6.66 6.93 _ _ _ 41 41 _ _ _ 8.98 8.98 _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ 30 30 4.6 0 4.6 0 _ _ _ 18 18 4.2 8 4.2 8 _ _ _ Maintenance E le c tric ia n s .......................................................... 20 -99 w o rke rs ................................................ 100 w o rke rs o r m ore ................................... M a chinists ........................................................... 100 w o rke rs o r m ore ................................... M e ch a n ics (m a c h in e ry )................................... 20 -99 w o rke rs ................................................. 100 w o rke rs o r m ore ................................... M o to r ve h icle m e ch a n ics .............................. 20 -99 w o rke rs ................................................. 100 w o rke rs o r m ore ................................... G eneral m a in te n a n ce w o rk e rs ..................... 20 -99 w o rke rs ................................................ 100 w o rke rs o r m ore ................................... See footnotes at end of table. 10 8 - 8.62 - _ 8.96 - - - - 10 - _ 11 7.33 - 9.01 - 85 32 53 - - - - - - - - 29 22 7.13 7.17 52 48 “ 6.93 7.05 “ 9.69 9.76 _ 6 8.94 - 97 82 15 18 12 9.88 10.05 8.96 8.64 9.01 - 33 30 8.47 8.58 - - - 8.15 7.93 8.29 19 16 - - “ - 11 10 _ 8.69 8.78 _ - - _ - _ - 11.61 10.57 11.99 12.00 11.93 10.81 9.77 _ 19 6 13 10.62 8.23 11.73 _ 17 9.38 _ 7.27 _ - - - - - 27 37 10 27 51 38 92 46 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 - 7 _ _ _ _ 37 31 11.24 11.44 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 8 8.58 8.57 _ _ _ _ 7.44 - 11.70 _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ 13 9.5 2 _ _ _ _ 20 17 7.05 6.81 - Table 11. Structural d ay products: Occupational averages by labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment—Continued (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Department, occupation, and size of establishment Majority of workers covered None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 18 $5.83 5.84 6.75 7.79 6.87 7.03 6.78 7.26 7.07 6.86 7.26 6.64 6.67 42 22 $5.30 4.93 6.85 6.21 6.66 7.31 5.71 5.87 5.56 5.69 5.84 5.55 6.11 6.83 16 12 $7.91 7.89 9.84 10.07 8.99 ~ 9.45 8.92 10.55 9.45 8.92 10.57 10.11 - Pacific Middle West Great Lakes Southwest None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 6 $6.62 7.58 7.59 7.56 7.04 12 6 6 18 12 6 $9.65 8.95 10.34 9.57 8.82 11.07 “ 10.18 9.45 11.20 10.18 9.45 11.23 9.89 10.80 9.90 ” None or minority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Number of workers Average hourly earnings - - Number of workers Average hourly earnings 11 10 $5.68 5.50 Custodial and material movement Janitors, porters or cleaners..................... 20-99 workers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Packaging-machine operators.................. 20-99 workers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Shipping packers........................................ 20-99 workers.......................................... Power-truck operators ............................... 20-99 workers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Forklift........................................................ 20-99 workers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Truckdrivers................................................ 20-99 workers.......................................... 100 workers or more .............................. Heavy truck............................................... Tractor-trailer............................................. 20-99 workers.......................................... 17 30 17 22 35 17 18 34 16 18 15 9 - - 7 7 6.70 6.70 79 29 41 19 134 66 68 130 64 66 49 31 - - 31 - 6.04 - 70 65 12 105 71 34 104 71 33 20 - - ’ Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 For definition of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 33 12 21 47 8 “ 7.18 “ 89 52 37 88 52 36 19 14 12 ” 11 7 “ 49 29 49 29 7 - $7.30n 7.90 “ “ 6.50 6.83 6.50 6.83 6.87 “ 14 14 - $8.54 8.54 “ “ - — “ — ~ ” 87 46 8.28 8.12 75 44 - 9 9 8.12 8.08 “ 10.53 10.53 18 18 6.96 ” “ 6.96 “ 8.77 8.77 7 7 10.37 10.37 "" 10 10 9.31 9.31 8 - - 8 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Data for overall classifications may include data for subclassifications not shown separately. Table 12. Structural clay products: Occupational averages by method of wage payment (N um ber o f p rod u ctio n w orke rs and a verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings,' U nited S ta te s and s e le c te d re g io n s,2 O c to b e r 1986) Timeworkers Incentive workers Timeworkers Incentive workers Department and occupation Number of workers Average hourly earnings - - 334 170 225 7.08 7.28 7.77 17 34 16 $7.70 11.32 8.72 - 264 150 111 259 385 8.39 7.51 6.94 6.96 6.99 171 76 48 76 87 10.40 9.88 10.66 8.20 8.76 - 57 171 6.13 7.10 93 8.59 156 1,132 321 104 57 160 568 619 7.61 7.19 7.16 7.58 7.54 6.75 6.28 6.18 12 93 209 96 67 7.18 9.79 9.72 9.91 9.72 Incentive workers Number of workers Average hourly earnings $6.24 - - 121 47 41 6.25 6.46 6.83 ~ “ * $7.32 35 46 24 57 171 7.56 5.66 6.75 7.07 6.04 - 22 71 5.85 7.11 - - " " 8.24 6.29 381 38 179 334 6.58 5.52 6.20 5.78 110 343 7.66 6.84 - 41 436 187 6.71 5.90 6.61 - 7.80 - Average hourly earnings - 46 “ “ 6.10 7.73 - Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings $7.85 - - - - - 8.92 7.87 - $7.64 “ - 18 9.44 8.28 7.30 - 8 17 $7.62 Timeworkers Number of workers Number of workers 18 144 Incentive workers Average hourly earnings Average hourly earnings Average hourly earnings Timeworkers Number of workers Number of workers Number of workers Southeast Border States Middle Atlantic United States3 Mining (winning) Power-shovel operators............................. Crushing, grinding, and mixing Clay grinders............................................... Clay makers................................................ Dry-pan operators ...................................... 53 6 $9.80 - 10 43 14 9.74 8.81 9.68 “ “ “ - 9.13 8.53 - 103 13 8 30 25 7.44 7.43 7.71 7.01 6.49 - - 6.50 “ “ “ 52 “ Forming and cutting Die pressers................................................ Hand molders ............................................. Molding-machine operators....................... Press operators .......................................... Pugmill operators ....................................... 15 27 “ 31 11 43 $9.85 - 23 7.08 - Glazing Glazing-machine feeders........................... Spray-machine operators.......................... - — Burning Firers, periodic kiln..................................... Firers, tunnel kiln........................................ Kiln setters and drawers ........................... Setters....................................................... Drawers..................................................... Setters and drawers................................ Placers, tunnel kiln..................................... Unloaders, tunnel kiln................................ - - 29 88 - 10.24 7.88 - - 51 33 - - - - - - _ 6.36 - _ - 217 574 8.22 7.26 - 8.31 8.57 8.98 8.47 _ - 32 10.49 20 62 Finishing (drawing) Finishers...................................................... Off-bearers.................................................. Sorters, brick............................................... Sorters, tile .................................................. See fo o tn o te s at e nd o f table. 205 910 338 532 6.74 70 6.16 221 6.38 6.52 326 196 20 “ 86 _ 9.26 “ 73 - 41 - Table 12. Structural clay products: Occupational averages by method of wage payment—Continued (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Timeworkers Incentive workers Timeworkers Southeast Border States Middle Atlantic United States3 Incentive workers Timeworkers Timeworkers Incentive workers Incentive workers Department and occupation Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers 255 165 759 176 528 $10.30 10.32 9.15 8.67 7.87 - Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 25 28 94 11 103 $10.73 9.90 8.66 8.86 8.99 Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 11 $9.90 8.27 7.53 Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Number of workers Average hourly earnings 61 54 249 63 122 $9.54 10.00 8.66 8.23 7.15 - 75 65 52 6.19 6.23 7.02 6.14 6.12 6.26 6.67 6.17 6.62 7.07 - Average hourly earnings Maintenance Electricians.................................................. Machinists ................................................... Mechanics (machinery).............................. Motor vehicle mechanics.......................... General maintenance workers.................. _ - _ - _ - 29 45 - ° Custodial and material movement Janitors, porters or cleaners...................... Packaging-machine operators................... Shipping packers........................................ Hand truckers............................................. Power-truck operators............................... Forklift....................................................... Other than forklift.................................... Truckdrivers................................................. Light truck................................................. Medium truck ........................................... Heavy truck.............................................. Tractor-trailer............................................ See footnotes at end of table. - 266 327 245 19 1,170 1,105 65 353 12 53 159 121 6.60 7.36 6.78 6.46 6.98 6.97 7.08 7.49 9.14 6.89 7.51 7.63 _ 113 75 137 127 10 56 - _ $9.18 8.55 9.84 9.82 10.02 7.07 - 47 21 33 91 90 - 7.51 8.23 5.99 7.29 7.30 _ 18 37 27 10 - 21 8 11 7.83 7.99 7.30 - _ $9.76 10.45 10.61 10.02 - 19 16 90 83 - - 9 - 6.88 6.68 6.73 6.70 6.44 - 6 - _ $7.78 - - - - - - - 368 332 36 141 18 84 37 35 40 40 $7.66 7.68 7.68 - - - - - - “ - Table 12. Structural d ay products: Occupational averages by method o f wage payment—Continued (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Southwest Timeworkers Great Lakes Incentive workers Timeworkers Middle West Incentive workers Timeworkers Pacific Incentive workers Timeworkers Department and occupation Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings - Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings - - - - Number of workers Average hourly earnings Mining (winning) Power-shovel operators............................... 25 $6.88 - 48 5.70 - - - - - - 6.48 6.16 - - - 6.07 - - _ _ - - - 24 231 19 13 6.03 6.52 6.64 6.63 - - - 15 $9.35 - - 34 6 13 8.38 7.66 7.36 - - 21 6.79 - - 13 $9.62 21 17 16 8.22 7.59 8.63 26 11 9 35 38 7.54 7.59 8.65 6.51 9.12 Crushing, grinding, and mixing Clay grinders.................................................. Clay m akers................................................... Dry-pan operators ........................................ - 6 $6.37 - 24 23 20 $8.55 10.61 10.02 _ _ - - Forming and cutting Die pressers................................................... Hand m olders................................................ Molding-machine operators......................... Press operators............................................. Pugmill operators .......................................... 57 37 - 28 13 21 - 20 49 6.15 8.12 $11.20 8.22 9.46 - 35 14 - $13.67 12.90 - - - - - - - - 7.01 - - 16 Glazing Glazing-machine feeders............................. Spray-machine operators............................ 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 7.14 - - - - - - 40 121 77 31 19 6.75 7.90 7.88 8.24 7.96 _ __ _ _ 10 7.36 21 74 73 24 19 30 62 44 8.50 8.90 8.12 8.56 7.74 8.00 7.67 7.38 Burning Firers, periodic kiln ........................................ Firers, tunnel kiln ........................................... Kiln setters and d raw ers............................. S etters.......................................................... Drawers........................................................ Setters and drawers.................................. Placers, tunnel kiln ....................................... Unloaders, tunnel k iln .................................. - 77 66 _ _ - - - - - - - - - - 6.21 - - - - - 5.08 5.17 - _ _ _ _ 182 5.46 34 102 7.32 7.49 11 _ 22 84 39 45 8.50 11.22 11.84 10.68 20 8.64 - - _ _ - 84 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ - 7.14 8.40 - - - _ __ 10 8 - - _ 8.22 6.60 _ - 74 9.36 Finishing (drawing) Finishers......................................................... Off-bearers..................................................... Sorters, brick.................................................. Sorters, tile ..................................................... See fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f table. - “ - 20 52 _ - 7.24 7.96 - _ 95 9.56 - _ - - 29 57 - 6.66 6.63 - _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ 71 7.13 18 4.28 _ _ Table 12. Structural clay products: Occupational averages by method of wage payment—Continued (Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Timeworkers Timeworkers Incentive workers Incentive workers Department and occupation Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings _ _ Number of workers Average hourly earnings Pacific Middle West Great Lakes Southwest Number of workers Average hourly earnings Timeworkers Number of workers Incentive workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers $11.24 11.89 10.78 10.25 8.82 - Average hourly earnings Timeworkers Number of workers Average hourly earnings Maintenance Electricians.................................................... Machinists ..................................................... Mechanics (machinery)................................ Motor vehicle mechanics ........................... General maintenance workers................... 113 $8.12 _ 81 7.00 .. 26 9 107 34 60 $9.28 8.92 9.75 8.12 7.93 _ 41 52 93 22 66 - - _ - - - - 16 15 7 129 115 27 6.33 8.50 6.47 8.15 8.03 9.35 17 • 60 90 55 150 145 52 5.46 6.68 6.56 5.78 5.76 5.89 _ 28 5.47 19 _ _ _ _ _ $7.53 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 For definition of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 50 7 30 $11.49 10.79 10.28 7.56 8 - - - Custodial and material movement Shipping packers.......................................... Power-truck operators ................................. _ - 22 80 54 158 157 28 11 15 _ 7.56 8.64 7.38 7.97 7.96 9.27 7.34 9.98 _ _ __ - - _ 20 26 23 121 120 23 - 21 21 $12.42 12.42 _ - _ - _ _ _ _ - 16 _ 8.21 8.46 7.12 8.28 8.27 9.31 - - - - - - 17 17 $13.07 13.07 - - - - - - - 9.27 - - - _ - - 9.75 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Data for overall classifications may include data for subclassifications not shown separately. Table 13. Occupational earnings: Brick and structural clay tile—North Carolina (Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,' October 1986) Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of— Occupation AH p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ................ Number of workers (mean) 4.00 hourly Under earnings 4.00 4.25 4.25 4.50 4.75 5.00 5.25 5.50 5.75 6.00 6.25 6.50 3 3 6 7 8 7 7 8 6 5 13 2 4.50 4.75 5.00 1,640 $6.31 16 6.06 - - 6 31 34 6.25 - - 3 6 26 112 5.27 6.28 152 83 226 6.43 7.34 6.69 - 36 7.21 - - 22 - - - 7 37 27 46 8.71 7.12 7.45 6.59 " - - - 4 “ “ 11 “ 16 41 93 91 84 75 4.74 7.16 6.28 6.31 6.52 6.60 19 - _ _ 13 1 1 _ _ _ - - - - 5.25 5.50 5.75 6.00 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 and over 6.75 7.00 7.25 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 6.75 7.00 7.25 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 4 4 5 4 7 6 4 2 6 6 13 6 6 6 6 9 3 6 3 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 6 7 4 3 4 13 2 4 1 1 5 3 5 13 7 8 7 1 5 4 1 6 2 6 6 19 14 - 11 19 2 14 16 14 8 15 9 10 1 1 2 1 - 6.25 6.50 1 1 1 2 (*) 0 ~ ” S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s M in in g ( w in n in g ) Power-shovel operators................ - - - - - 3 - 18 12 3 6 12 5 19 7 12 4 12 4 12 21 4 2 - 2 5 6 5 4 2 1 10 6 2 2 8 9 8 10 7 7 7 16 8 7 8 4 8 13 4 5 6 4 3 5 1 3 3 - 6 11 - 14 11 13 14 3 4 17 14 5 19 22 11 4 - 5 4 4 2 5 5 7 8 10 10 1 1 5 9 9 2 3 - 9 9 1 1 2 5 5 2 3 - - - - - _ ~ C r u s h in g , g r in d in g , a n d m ix in g Clay grinders.................................. - ~ - F o r m in g a n d c u t t in g Hand molders................................. Pugmill operators........................... O 4 19 3 8 8 - - - 2 B u r n in g Firers, tunnel k iln ........................... Placers, tunnel k iln ........................ Unloaders, tunnel kiln ................... _ _ - 1 1 1 r) 3 2 4 - 6 - 1 1 2 2 6 f2) 6 - 3 29 " 4 - - 5 F in is h in g (d ra w in g ) Off-bearers ..................................... - - ~ M a in t e n a n c e Electricians ..................................... Mechanics (machinery)................. Motor vehicle mechanics.............. General maintenance w orkers...... 4 14 9 11 7 2 13 12 10 10 7 7 6 15 17 18 6 3 13 O 8 - 4 9 - “ - 4 " - - 3 - 3 ~ C u s t o d ia l a n d m a t e r ia l m ovem ent Janitors .......................................... Packaging-machine operators....... Power-truck operators................... Forklift ......................................... Heavy truck.................................. - 6 2 1 1 7 - 25 2 6 4 6 5 ' Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 6 2 4 4 2 3 8 8 1 - 4n 5 5 42 44 - 4 4 7 8 7 3 3 6 7 2 ~ “ - ~ 4 4 ~ 7 1 1 2 3 5 “ - - 2 2 “ “ “ - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. ’ ~ - Table 14. Occupational earnings: Brick and structural clay tile—Ohio (Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-tim e hourly earnings,’ October 1986) Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) ofOccupation A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ................ (mean) of 6.75 hourly workers Under earnings 6.75 7.00 716 $8.37 10 7.52 20 8.65 44 11 7.39 7.38 76 9.65 - - 6 6 8.21 8.27 " " 32 9.94 . . 5 7.00 7.25 7.50 7.75 8.00 8.25 8.50 8.75 9.00 9.25 9.50 7.25 7.50 7.75 8.00 8.25 8.50 8.75 9.00 9.25 9.50 9.75 1 7 3 2 12 16 30 30 25 15 18 36 91 17 5 6 2 5 1 10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00 12.25 12.50 12.75 13.00 and 10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00 12.25 12.50 12.75 13.00 over 9.75 1 2 1 1 1 - - - - - “ _ “ - - - 5 (*) 1 2 1 - 3 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C r u s h in g , g r in d in g , a n d m ix in g Dry-pan operators.......................... 10 30 F o r m in g a n d c u t t in g Pugmill operators........................... - - - - - “ 36 ” “ - - - 18 33 33 17 17 - 3 3 5 - - 30 - “ “ “ 13 11 50 17 - 5 - 10 - - - 10 - - - - “ “ - - _ _ B u r n in g Firers, tunnel k iln ........................... Placers, tunnel k iln ........................ 7 2 “ 9 ~ 11 - - - “ “ “ n n is n i n g (d ra w in g ) Off-bearers ..................................... 1 4 - 5 8 8 - - 21 - - - M a in t e n a n c e Electricians ..................................... Mechanics (machinery)................. - 33 - - - - “ “ - “ “ C u s t o d ia l a n d m a t e r ia l m ovem ent Packaging-machine operators....... 3 ' Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 16 9 19 3 . . . . . . 13 25 6 _ NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. Table 15. Occupational earnings: Brick and structural clay tile—Pennsylvania (Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,1 October 1986) Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) o fOccupation Number of workers (mean) 6.00 hourly and earnings under 6.25 6.25 6.50 6.75 7.00 7.25 7.50 7.75 8.00 8.25 8.50 8.75 9.00 9.25 9.50 9.75 6.50 6.75 7.00 7.25 7.50 7.75 8.00 8.25 8.50 8.75 9.00 9.25 9.50 9.75 10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00 12.25 12.50 14 14 10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00 12.25 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C r u s h in g , g r in d in g , a n d m ix in g Clay grinders .................................. 7 $7.68 10 7.54 - 30 - - - 10 10 30 10 - - 10 12 29 25 9.10 8.28 8.03 42 “ 28 32 ” - “ - 14 16 17 12 “ 10 12 - 3 4 29 43 G la z in g Spray-machine operators ............. o" C u s t o d ia l a n d m a t e ria l m ovem ent Packaging-machine operators....... Power-truck operators................... Forklift .......................................... 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. _ 8 ” _ - 3 4 - 8 14 16 _ - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 8 17 - 8 7 - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. _ - 8 3 4 Table 16. Occupational earnings: Brick and structural clay tile—Texas (Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,1 October 1986) Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of— N um ber O c c u p a tio n of w o rk e rs A v e ra g e (m ean) hourly e a rn in g s 1,317 $ 5.82 24 6.89 3.35 and u n der 3.50 3.50 3.75 4.00 4 .25 4 .50 4 .7 5 5 .00 5 .25 5 .50 5 .75 6 .00 6 .2 5 6 .5 0 6 .7 5 7 .00 7 .25 7 .5 0 7 .75 8 .0 0 8 .2 5 8 .50 8 .75 9 .00 9 .2 5 9 .5 0 3.75 4.00 4.25 4 .5 0 4 .75 5 .00 5 .25 5 .50 5 .75 6 .00 6 .25 6 .50 6 .7 5 7 .00 7 .25 7 .50 7 .75 8 .00 8 .2 5 8 .5 0 8 .75 9 .00 9 .25 9 .50 9 .7 5 5 2 3 5 3 2 4 11 8 5 14 5 2 4 3 3 3 2 1 1 3 f2) f2) f2) f2) 8 _ 13 - 8 8 - 8 25 4 - - - 24 3 - 4 7 44 12 38 - - _ - - 5 9 .7 5 and over 2 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s M in in g ( w in n in g ) . _ _ _ _ - - 17 - - - - - - - - 8 - o C r u s h in g , g r in d in g , a n d m ix in g 14 _ _ 3 7 _ _ _ - 34 . 7 7 _ 7 _ _ _ _ 29 5.55 27 6 .00 76 10 33 5.72 6.30 4.10 15 30 27 108 170 5.29 6 .19 _ _ 15 48 20 8 .47 7.64 6 .34 37 108 103 41 5 .88 5.78 5 .76 5.98 5 .85 - 7 - 3 - 4 - 3 - - F o r m in g a n d c u t t in g 4 7 7 3 5 40 - 3 4 4 2 2 2 1 - 7 2 10 2 5 - B u r n in g 8 _ _ 7 _ 3 5 _ _ _ _ - 15 9 15 - 7 _ _ 14 - _ _ 5 8 6 3 - - 2 59 21 2 _ - 3 - - 11 10 - - 20 - “ ” - - “ ~ “ “ “ " ” ~ - - "" “ - 20 6 - ii * “ * F in is h in g ( d r a w in g ) 26 _ _ 1 - 1 4 1 6 4 11 4 4 1 - - 23 5 19 7 13 27 4 20 13 14 3 1 1 5 - 2 6 1 12 “ M a in t e n a n c e G e n e ra l m a in te n a n c e w o r k e r s ...... - - - - - - - 19 4 4 8 13 14 - - - 22 32 7 6 30 5 7 4 20 _ _ - 2 5 “ 7 2 - 3 - 7 8 13 4 - - - 2 2 ' C u s t o d ia l a n d m a t e r ia l m ovem ent P a c k a g in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ....... Forklift ...................................... 28 4 4 _ 14 2 2 _ _ 5 2 2 _ _ 3 3 5 7 _ 1 E x c lu d e s p re m iu m p a y fo r o v e rtim e a n d fo r w o rk o n w e e k e n d s , h olid a ys, an d la te sh ifts. 2 L e s s th a n 0 .5 p e rce n t. 5 5 - 8 3 3 24 21 2 2 - 8 3 2 10 7 30 14 29 2 2 - 3 4 4 2 - NOTE: 5 - - - 7 - 6 5 - - - - - 1 1 5 7 2 2 10 7 - “ * “ 2 5 7 “ - 5 7 B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l 100. D a s h e s in d ic a te n o d a ta . 2 " 4 Table 17. Occupational earnings: Clay refractories—Missouri (Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,’ October 1986) Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of— Occupation Number of workers AH p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ................ 1,001 $11.40 13 27 14 11.06 11.11 11.14 133 13 10 11.45 13.41 11.64 (mean) 10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 hourly and Under earnings 10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 over 4 2 9 18 6 19 8 15 22 21 23 15 7 8 21 31 30 7 13 30 48 1 5 6 12 “ 43 - 7 2 8 20 2 15 9 1 1 2 1 2 (*) 7 4 “ 2 9 3 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C r u s h in g , g r in d in g , a n d m ix in g Clay grinders ................................. Clay makers .................................. Dry-pan operators......................... - 11 ~ - 15 - - - - 4 - - F o r m in g a n d c u tt in g Die pressers.................................. Hand m olders................................ Molding-machine operators.......... - - ~ 3 8 14 15 10 " 1 15 1 15 30 5 23 10 ' B u r n in g Firers, tunnel k iln ........................... Unloaders, tunnel k iln ................... 25 30 11.12 12.65 34 51 73 14 11.97 12.00 11.60 11.68 - - ~ “ 16 3 - 3 _ 13 32 7 52 7 3 10 10 18 21 6 2 11 ” 24 27 42 50 38 33 - 32 37 23 29 7 ” M a in t e n a n c e Electricians .................................... Machinists...................................... Mechanics (machinery)................. Motor vehicle mechanics.............. 17 3 7 10 'v “ " “ - 5 “ ' - - - - - - " - - " - - - ' C u s t o d ia l a n d m a t e ria l m ovem ent Janitors .......................................... Packaging-machine operators....... Power-truck operators................... Forklift ......................................... T r u c k d r iv e r s ................................... 10 15 67 66 14 10.29 10.40 11.26 11.28 10.80 30 33 3 3 “ - 13 10 11 - 40 20 18 17 7 30 10 11 43 20 ~ ’ Excludes premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 39 39 50 _____ 4 5 - - - 7 9 9 7 1 2 1 2 _____ NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. 3 3 Table 18. Occupational earnings: Clay refractories—Ohio (Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,' October 1986) Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of— (mean) 6.50 hourly Under earnings 6.50 6.75 Occupation of workers All p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s .............. 650 $9.65 16 10.62 - - 28 11.20 _ - 13 10.03 29 7 9.21 9 .50 _ Finishers ......................................... 32 7.70 - 38 Electricians..................................... Mechanics (machinery)................. 6 10.71 1 0.54 _ 71 6.75 7.00 7.25 7.50 7.75 8.00 8.25 8.50 8.75 9.00 9.25 9.50 7.00 7.25 7.50 7.75 8.00 8.25 8.50 8.75 9.00 9.25 9.50 9.75 2 1 2 2 4 2 2 3 2 3 18 2 4 2 10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 and 10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 over 9.75 15 4 19 7 8 _ 7 _ _ - “ - - - - - _ _ 10 2 2 2 19 - 6 6 - _ 7 31 4 _ 3 1 2 3 3 1 - 6 6 19 14 7 7 4 2 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C r u s h in g , g r in d in g , a n d m ix in g Clay makers ................................... - 13 - - - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - 6 - - - - - F o r m in g a n d c u t t in g Molding-machine operators........... 4 7 - 7 4 7 8 8 46 _ 4 4 14 B u r n in g Firers, tunnel k iln ........................... Unloaders, tunnel kiln ................... _ _ * - - - 13 _ _ _ * " - _ _ - _ - 14 29 _ 14 _ _ - - “ 3 10 7 14 “ 14 14 - 3 14 _ _ 14 _ _ “ 29 14 - - - - _ _ “ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ _ “ C ln gnt/ r iln mlemk ln inM g vfrlse a ra m w in 9 _ - " _ - 40 3 3 6 _ 17 6 3 3 6 _ - _ 3 - 1 3 19 - 17 _ - 1 _ 17 - 6 _ 3 52 10 6 10 - - _ 1 3 _ 17 17 4 " - 18 17 1 _ - _ 6 6 3 _ - _ - 3 “ C u s t o d ia l a n d m a t e r ia l m ovem ent Janitors ........................................... Power-truck operators................... Forklift .......................................... 10 35 35 8 .14 9 .80 9 .80 10 - - 6 6 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 20 3 3 _ - _ _ - - _ - _ 10 - 3 - 3 _ _ 6 6 60 60 6 _ - 6 6 _ - _ NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. _ - _ “ Table 19. Occupational earnings: Clay refractories—Pennsylvania (Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-tim e hourly earnings,' O ctober 1986) P e r c e n t o f w o rk e rs r e c e iv in g s tra ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs ) o f— Occupation Number (mean) 5 .2 5 of hourly and workers earnings under 5 .5 0 AN production w o rk e rs ............. 5 .50 5 .7 5 6 .0 0 6 .5 0 7 .0 0 7 .5 0 8 .0 0 8 .5 0 9 .0 0 9 .5 0 10.0 0 1 0 .5 0 11.0 0 1 1 .5 0 1 2 .0 0 1 2 .5 0 1 3 .0 0 5 .75 6 .0 0 6 .5 0 7 .0 0 7 .5 0 8 .0 0 8 .5 0 9 .0 0 9 .5 0 1 0 .0 0 10.5 0 1 1 .0 0 11.5 0 1 2 .0 0 1 2 .5 0 1 3 .0 0 1 3 .5 0 - - - 2 11 5 7 12 498 $ 8 .8 9 24 7.57 9 7 .5 6 16 21 9 .4 9 9 .4 6 28 9 .94 - 10 17 17 7 .08 9 .72 9 .7 2 30 30 - - 8 11 15 8 6 4 3 2 2 3 Selected occupations Crushing, grinding, end mixing Dry-pan operators....................... 50 8 8 33 Forming and cutting Pugmill operators........................ - 33 - - - - - - - 19 - - 21 18 36 41 41 _ - - 33 - 22 - - 11 25 10 33 - - 50 19 - - _ _ - 10 10 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 12 12 _ - - - Burning Firers, periodic kiln..................... Firers, tunnel kiln........................ - “ 25 Maintenance General maintenance workers..... 11 - - _ _ - - - - 7 7 _ 20 20 12 12 29 29 - - - - Custodial and m aterial movement Packaging-machine operators...... Power-truck operators................. Forklift .................................... “ 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts indicate no data. - 6 6 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes Table 20. Structural clay products: Method of wage payment (Percent of production workers in establishments by method of wage payment,’ United States and selected regions,2 October 1986 Method United States3 Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Pacific All workers..................................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Time-rated workers................................ Formal plans..................................... Single rate ................................. Range of rates........................... Individual rates ................................. 81 73 44 28 9 64 64 56 8 88 84 75 9 4 82 71 21 50 10 90 62 36 26 27 77 75 62 14 2 84 81 60 22 3 97 92 58 34 5 Incentive workers ................................... Individual piecework.......................... Group piecework.............................. Individual bonus................................ Group bonus..................................... 18 9 3 1 4 35 23 10 12 7 2 1 3 18 10 10 5 3 1 0 19 2 2 3 11 16 6 6 1 3 Stint workers........................................... 1 - 4 1 2 3 4 0 0 2 1 0 1 7 - - For definition of method of wage payment, see appendix A. For definitions of regions see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Less than 0.5 percent. 1 - 1 o 2 - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate no data. Table 21. Structural clay products: Scheduled weekly hours (Percent of production workers in establishments by scheduled weekly hours,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Weekly hours United States3 All w orkers..................................... 100 Under 40 hours ...................................... 40 hours .................................................. Over 40 and under 48 hours................. 48 hours or more ................................... 1 93 2 4 Middle Atlantic Border States 100 100 _ • 100 97 - - 3 1 Data relate to the predominant schedule for full-time day-shift workers in each establishment. 2 For definitions of regions see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Southeast Southwest 100 1 90 3 6 Great Lakes 100 100 97 3 5 88 1 6 _ — Middle West Pacific 100 100 - - 100 87 - 13 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. Table 22. Structural clay products: Shift differential provisions (Percent of production workers by shift differential provisions,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Shift differential United States3 Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Second s h ift Workers in establishments with second-shift provisions........................ With shift differential......................... Uniform cents per hour............. Under 5 ce n ts ...................... 5 c e n ts.................................. Over 5 and under 10 cents.. 10 ce n ts................................ Over 10 and under 15 cents 15 ce n ts................................ Over 15 and under 20 cents 20 ce n ts................................ 25 ce n ts................................ Over 25 and under 30 cents 30 ce n ts................................ Over 30 and under 35 cents 35 ce n ts................................ Over 40 ce n ts ...................... Uniform percentage................... Other formal paid differential.... 96.6 78.3 75.0 2.1 2.6 3.4 8.9 1.5 17.4 2.7 12.7 15.2 .2 1.8 3.9 2.3 .3 1.6 1.8 99.7 99.7 92.5 1.0 1.0 5.4 39.9 5.2 2.9 2.4 26.1 7.7 .9 7.2 100.0 87.4 87.4 8.3 6.1 7.5 3.5 4.3 14.3 43.4 “ 93.3 68.9 63.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 8.0 1.4 15.3 6.2 10.1 17.4 5.5 100.0 67.9 67.9 1.3 2.6 2.3 22.4 1.7 2.8 19.9 7.6 7.2 - 95.8 76.2 75.3 6.4 6.6 18.1 21.4 2.3 1.6 13.9 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 “ 93.4 81.8 81.8 6.0 3.3 6.4 5.0 53.2 5.4 2.5 - 96.4 84.6 79.4 2.6 27.6 3.2 19.2 26.8 5.2 “ 91.3 72.3 68.9 1.5 .8 2.0 3.5 1.3 5.1 1.3 11.7 1.2 18.5 .2 6.6 4.3 2.8 4.3 1.1 2.3 .2 1.2 2.1 96.9 96.9 89.7 - 99.0 86.4 86.4 8.3 8.3 7.1 1.7 4.3 27.9 9.6 86.5 65.1 59.6 1.6 3.4 1.2 9.0 14.9 10.0 8.8 91.7 59.6 59.6 95.8 60.2 59.3 11.2 3.9 2.5 10.5 6.6 1.8 6.7 2.3 8.8 1.5 79.9 74.6 74.6 - - - 93.4 81.8 77.2 4.3 3.3 1.7 6.4 5.0 48.5 2.5 2.4 3.0 4.6 T h ird s h ift Workers in establishments with third-shift provisions............................. With shift differential......................... Uniform cents per hour............. Under 5 ce n ts ...................... 5 ce n ts.................................. Over 5 and under 10 cents.. 10 ce n ts................................ Over 10 and under 15 cents 15 ce n ts................................ Over 15 and under 20 cents 20 ce n ts................................ Over 20 and under 25 cents 25 ce n ts................................ Over 25 and under 30 cents 30 ce n ts................................ Over 30 and under 35 cents 35 ce n ts................................ 40 ce n ts................................ 45 ce n ts................................ 50 ce n ts................................ Over 50 c e n ts ...................... Uniform percentage................... Other formal paid differential.... - 1.0 1.0 1.1 16.6 30.0 2.9 28.5 4.1 - 4.4 7.2 “ ' Refers to policies of establishments currently operating late shifts or having provisions covering late shifts. 2 For definitions of regions see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. “ 1.3 1.3 5.5 6.0 1.7 16.5 7.6 - - 9.6 2.8 7.2 - 6.5 19.2 - - 4.3 5.5 - - 2.0 1.5 1.0 “ - 5.4 19.5 4.9 19.9 12.6 7.0 5.3 - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate no data. Table 23. Structural clay products: Shift differential practices (P ercent o f production w orkers in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m plo ye d on late sh ifts by a m o u n t o f p ay d iffe re n tia l, U nited S ta te s and se le c te d re gio n s,1 O c to b e r 1986) Shift differential United States1 23 Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Pacific S econd s h ift Workers employed on second s h ift....... Receiving differential ........................ Uniform cents per hour............. Under 5 ce n ts ...................... 5 ce n ts.................................. Over 5 and under 10 cents .. 10 ce n ts................................ Over 10 and under 15 cents 15 cents................................ Over 15 and under 20 cents 20 cents................................ 25 cents................................ Over 25 ce n ts ...................... Uniform percentage................... Other formal paid differential .... 13.3 12.1 11.6 .5 .2 .3 1.6 .3 3.3 .6 2.1 1.9 .7 .2 .2 17.4 17.4 16.3 0 (3) - 13.5 13.1 13.1 .9 .9 13.3 11.9 11.1 .4 .2 .5 1.2 .5 2.9 1.9 2.4 1.2 1.0 - .5 .1 .3 4.1 6.2 11.4 1.1 .5 2.3 1.1 - - - - - - .2 .1 .3 3.0 ft .1 3.3 2.3 - .8 - 12.2 9.1 9.1 - 13.9 13.4 13.3 2.6 .3 .7 6.6 .6 .2 1.3 .8 .3 ft - 11.3 9.8 9.8 - 7.9 6.7 6.3 - .3 .2 .1 .2 - .1 - 8.8 .1 .1° - 1.7 .4 .4 3.7 - .4 - T h ird s h ift Workers employed on third s h ift............ Receiving differential ........................ Uniform cents per hour.............. Under 20 ce n ts.................... 20 ce n ts................................ Over 20 and under 25 cents 25 cents................................ Over 25 and under 30 cents 30 cents and o v e r............... Uniform percentage................... Other formal paid differential.... 4.9 4.2 4.0 .7 .9 .1 1.5 8.5 8.5 8.2 .1 1.2 .8 .1 .2 .1 1.3 6.2 .7 .3 ” 1 For definitions of regions see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Less than 0.05 percent. 5.2 4.6 4.1 1.1 2.0 - - 0 3.5 3.0 3.0 .7 - 3.8 3.0 2.9 1.0 .1 .6 .9 ft .5 .9 “ 3.0 2.0 2.0 .3 .2 .3 - - .5 “ 1.4 .1 .1 .4 (3) 4.0 3.8 3.8 .2 .6 .4 .3 - 1.2 .5 4.7 2.6 2.0 .4 - - 2.3 - .6 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate no data. Table 24. Structural clay products: Paid holidays (P e rcen t o f p ro d u ctio n w orke rs in e stablishm ents w ith fo rm a l p ro v is io n s fo r paid h olidays, U nite d S ta te s a nd s e le c te d re gio n s,' O c to b e r 1986) Number of paid holidays United States1 2 100 All w o rkers..................................... Workers in establishments providing paid holidays......................................... Under 5 d a y s ..................................... 5 days ................................................ 6 days ................................................. 6 days plus 1 half d a y ...................... 7 days ................................................. 8 days ................................................ 9 days ................................................. 10 days ............................................... 10 days plus 1 half d a y .................... 11 d a ys............................................... Over 11 days ..................................... Middle Atlantic 99 3 5 12 0 20 17 13 10 5 13 1 Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 9 5 4 97 2 9 14 100 10 11 22 100 1 - - 27 6 6 17 31 3 I3) 21 30 15 1 For definitions of regions see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. - - 18 22 16 13 23 1 ~ 98 10 5 14 14 25 3 19 - 36 11 12 17 - 4 100 100 - - Pacific 100 12 15 19 18 1 4 “ - Middle West 12 12 - - 5 6 56 2 26 “ NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. Table 25. Structural clay products: Paid vacations (P ercent o f production w orke rs in e sta b lish m en ts w ith fo rm a l p rovision s fo r paid va c a tio n s a fte r s e le c te d p erio d s o f service, U nited S ta te s and s e le cte d re gio n s,1 O ctob e r 1986) Vacation policy ____________________________________ United States2 Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Pacific All production workers................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Method of payment Workers in establishments providing paid vacations...................................... Length-of-time payment ................... Percentage payment......................... O ther.................................................. 99 70 29 100 36 64 96 84 12 100 85 15 99 73 24 3 100 70 30 100 27 73 100 97 3 After 6 months of service: Under 1 w e e k ................................... 1 w e e k............................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks.............. 14 4 1 39 4 3 2 19 4 10 13 5 4 After 1 year of service: 1 w e e k............................................... Over 1 and under 2 w eeks.............. 2 w e e ks............................................. 87 7 4 92 7 1 After 2 years of service: Under 1 w e e k ................................... 1 w e e k............................................... Over 1 and under 2 w eeks.............. 2 weeks ............................................. Over 2 and under 3 w eeks.............. 2 67 4 22 5 <*> Amount of vacation pay4 After 3 years of service: Under 1 w e e k ................................... 1 w e e k ............................................... Over 1 and under 2 w eeks.............. 2 weeks ............................................. Over 2 and under 3 w eeks.............. 3 w eeks............................... ............. - (3) 7 80 7 5 After 8 years of service: Under 2 w e e ks.................................. 2 w e e ks............................................. Over 2 and under 3 w eeks.............. 6 75 See footnotes at end of table. 3 11 4 89 2 4 96 “ 42 3 86 5 6 35 10 54 1 - 88 - 2 1 69 8 21 2 76 7 16 1 42 2 40 3 52 4 55 - 98 42 58 31 4 8 57 20 1 21 57 33 “ 65 2 “ 98 ” 0 3 79 8 8 14 84 5 86 1 6 76 6 16 2 - 8 13 89 7 3 85 - 5 74 1 20 54 26 4 62 7 30 4 59 6 _ “ 5 78 6 11 5 - 0 After 5 years of service: Under 2 w eeks................................. 2 weeks ............................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks.............. 3 weeks and under 4 w e e ks........... Over 3 and under 4 weeks ............... - - 5 86 0 12 80 3 6 1 2 80 18 5 4 9 2 85 73 23 5 26 10 6 49 4 2 " 9 29 61 3 73 - 5 6 88 “ 25 Table 25. Structural clay products: Paid vacations—Continued (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and selected regions,1 October 1986) Vacation policy United States1 2 Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle W est Pacific A m o u n t o f v ac a tio n p a y 4— C ontinued After 10 years of service: Under 2 w e e k s ................................... 2 w e e k s ................................................ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ............... 3 weeks ................................................ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ............... 4 w e e k s ................................................ 4 39 1 48 6 2 After 12 years of service: Under 2 weeks ................................... 2 weeks ................................................ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ............... 3 weeks ................................................ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ............... 4 weeks ................................................ 2 33 3 52 7 3 After 15 years of service: Under 2 weeks ................................... 2 weeks ................................................ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ............... 3 weeks ................................................ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ............... 4 weeks ................................................ Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ............... 5 weeks ................................................ 2 16 3 51 4 18 5 1 - 2 15 3 23 - After 20 years of service: Under 2 weeks ................................... 2 weeks ................................................ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ............... 3 weeks ................................................ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ............... 4 weeks ................................................ Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ............... 5 weeks ................................................ 6 weeks ................................................ After 25 years of service:5 Under 2 weeks ................................... 2 weeks ................................................ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ............... 3 weeks ................................................ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ............... 4 weeks ................................................ Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ............... 5 weeks ................................................ Over 5 and under 6 w e e k s ............... 6 weeks ................................................ 27 3 60 7 4 27 3 60 7 4 3 52 5 34 2 4 3 27 44 6 6 1 2 15 2 23 30 5 31 4 17 - 23 60 6 - - 3 27 3 25 5 18 1 41 1 5 - 23 - 15 6 45 37 - 29 - 4 31 - - 3 28 3 5 2 70 45 8 15 17 4 83 5 “ • _ 12 22 - 20 59 81 6 - - 12 18 - 28 20 10 - 51 - 60 “ 3 5 2 29 3 27 25 - - 21 1 5 56 2 3 5 2 28 - 25 - 7 - (3) 12 - 21 1 5 56 2 4 2 16 54 40 - 65 - - - - - 21 - ” “ 3 27 12 16 55 2 5 43 - - - - - 12 22 1 20 57 - - 3 25 6 17 1 45 1 1 - 3 30 2 53 4 8 5 3 25 7 53 4 6 5 2 5 67 - 3 59 - 5 2 - 1 67 2 6 29 1 8 “ 3 37 6 52 1 * 36 51 - 3 58 3 60 - - 5 17 - 36 6 14 (3) 61 2 6 - - 0 - - 5 2 - (3) 8 41 5 23 21 48 19 - 1 " 1 For definitions of regions see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 Vacation payments, such as percent of annual earnings, were con verted to an equivalent time basis. Periods of service were chosen arbi trarily and do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes indicated at 20 years may include changes that occurred between 15 and 20 years. s Vacation provisions were virtually the same after longer periods of service. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal to tals. Dashes indicate no data. Table 26. Structural clay products: Health, insurance, and retirem ent plans (Percent of production workers in establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Type of plan All production workers................... Workers in establishments providing: Life insurance ................................ Noncontributory plans............... Accidental death and dismemberment insurance............ Noncontributory plans............... Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both4 ......................... Sickness and accident insurance................................. Noncontributory plans.......... Sick leave (full pay, no waiting period)..................................... Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period)......................... Long-term disability insurance.......... Noncontributory plans............... Hospitalization insurance ................. Noncontributory plans............... Surgical insurance............................. Noncontributory plans............... Medical insurance............................. Noncontributory plans............... Major medical insurance.................. Noncontributory plans............... Dental insurance ............................... Noncontributory plans............... Retirement plans5 .............................. Pensions .................................... Noncontributory plans.......... Severance p ay........................... Noncontributory plans.......... United States3 Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Pacific 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 84 100 98 100 94 98 87 82 72 97 78 98 93 92 67 82 72 68 66 96 94 94 83 57 52 82 64 89 83 92 67 77 99 85 69 48 97 96 72 64 57 71 71 85 80 63 59 39 38 89 57 96 90° 19 14 9 23 “ 5 4 1 6 4 4 6 2 2 12 - 6 7 7 97 69 97 69 97 69 96 63 19 11 81 76 72 5 5 100 94 100 94 100 94 100 64 11 6 96 96 96 97 40 97 40 97 40 97 40 9 9 88 88 85 - - - - 1 Includes those plans for which the employer pays at least part of the cost and excludes legally required plans such as workers’ compensation and Social Security; however, plans required by State temporary disability insurance laws are included if the employer contributes more than is legally required or employees receive benefits over legal requirements. "Noncon tributory plans" include only those plans financed entirely by the employer. 2 For definitions of regions see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 4 3 3 99 64 99 64 99 64 99 63 13 6 76 70 70 6 6 - 90 72 90 72 90 72 87 69 6 1 79 79 62 - - 100 71 100 71 100 71 98 69 22 12 81 81 73 1 1 39 ” 7 4 17 8 8 100 69 100 69 100 69 100 69 62 33 83 68 68 29 29 84 47 84 47 84 47 84 47 48 35 69 59 59 10 10 - 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 4 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sickness and accident insur ance and sick leave shown separately. 5 Unduplicated total of workers covered by pension plans and severance pay shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data. Table 27. Structural clay products: Other selected benefits (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for selected benefits,’ United States and selected regions,2 October 1986) Item All production workers................... United States3 Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Pacific 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 78 70 7 12 98 78 15 4 82 68 75 77 26 66 67 8 9 89 77 12 11 90 74 8 58 69 41 2 14 12 5 4 2 26 9 11 58 56 Workers in establishments with provisions for: Funeral leave........................................... Jury-duty leave ........................................ Technological severance pay................ Cost-of-living adjustments...................... Based on BLS Consumer Price Index ................................................ Supplemental unemployment benefits ... 1 For definition of items, see appendix A. 2 For definitions of regions see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. - - - NOTE: Dashes indicate no data. - 14 - Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey establishment is not necessarily identical with a company, which may consist of one establishment or more. Scope of survey The survey included establishments engaged primarily in manufacturing structural clay products (industry group 325 as defined in the 1972 edition of the Standard Industrial Clas sification Manual prepared by the U.S. Office of Manage ment and Budget). Within this industry group are four industries: Brick and structural clay tile (SIC 3251); Ceram ic wall and floor tile (Sic 3253); Clay refractories (SIC 3255); and Structural clay products, not elsewhere classified (s ic 3259). Excluded from the survey were separate auxiliary units such as central offices. Establishments studied were selected from those employ ing 20 workers or more at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists. Table A-l shows the number of establishments and workers estimated to be within the scope of the survey, as well as the number actually studied by the Bureau. Employment Estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and com position of the industry’s labor force, rather than as precise measures of employment. Production workers The terms “ production workers” and “ production and related workers,” used interchangeably in this bulletin, include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers engaged in nonoffice activities. Administrative, executive, professional, and technical personnel, and force-account con struction employees, who are used as a separate work force on the firm’s own properties, are excluded. Products Occupational classification Classification of establishments by product was based on the principal type of product manufactured. For example, if 60 percent of the total value of an establishment’s produc tion was brick and structural clay tile and 40 percent was clay refractories, all workers in that establishment were con sidered as producing brick and structural clay tile. Occupational classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablish ment and interarea variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix B for these descriptions.) The criteria for selec tion of the occupations were: The number of workers in the occupation; the usefulness of the data in collective bargain ing; and appropriate representation of the entire job scale in the industry. Working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers were not reported in the data for selected occupations but were included in the data for all production workers. Method of study Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s field representatives to a probability-based sample of establish ments within the scope of the survey. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied. In combining the data, each establishment was given an appropriate weight. All es timates are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry, excluding only those below the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data. Wage data Information on wages relates to straight-time hourly earn ings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive payments, such as those resulting from piecework or production bonus systems, and cost-of-living pay increases (but not bonuses) were included as part of the workers’ regular pay. Excluded are performance bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as Establishment definition An establishment is defined for this study as a single phys ical location where industrial operations are performed. An 45 Table A-1. Estimated number of establishments and employees within scope o f study and number studied, structural clay products industries, October 1986 Workers in establishments Number of establishments2 Product branch, region,’ and State Within scope of study Within scope of study Actually studied Total4 Production workers Actually studied3 All structural clay products United States................................................... Middle Atlantic.............................................. Border States................................................ Southeast...................................................... Southwest...................................................... Great Lakes .................................................. Middle W e s t.................................................. Pacific ............................................................ 307 32 24 70 52 51 23 35 248 26 19 55 38 39 21 30 30,199 4,460 2,138 9,437 4,663 3,948 2,375 2,023 23,535 3,550 1,752 7,199 3,717 3,139 1,753 1,566 26,059 3,807 1,631 8,543 3,409 3,391 2,287 1,836 172 10 8 17 52 22 34 18 14 8 14 15 138 10 8 13 37 16 26 14 11 5 12 13 14,510 956 812 1,478 5,723 2,041 2,473 1,704 1,250 829 838 798 11,593 785 662 1,234 4,517 1,640 1,927 1,317 1,055 716 690 644 12,748 956 812 1,183 4,829 1,754 2,166 1,546 1,115 694 750 755 51 5 10 11 8 37 4 10 7 6 9,012 2,469 2,466 1,098 490 7,300 2,064 2,012 849 345 7,101 2,038 2,466 896 371 66 16 13 4 7 3 18 15 8 8 7 56 11 8 4 7 3 14 11 8 8 6 5,099 992 729 138 1,138 158 944 830 1,438 1,438 180 3,414 665 498 112 581 116 731 650 1,001 1,001 126 4,696 770 507 138 1,138 158 788 674 1,438 1,438 155 Brick and structural clay tile United States................................................... Middle Atlantic.............................................. Pennsylvania............................................. Border States................................................ Southeast...................................................... North Carolina.......................................... Southwest...................................................... Texas ......................................................... Great Lakes .................................................. O hio........................................................... Middle W est.................................................. Pacific ............................................................ Ceramic floor and wall tile United States................................................... Middle Atlantic.............................................. Southeast...................................................... Great Lakes .................................................. Pacific ............................................................ Clay refractories United States................................................... Middle Atlantic.............................................. Pennsylvania............................................. Border States................................................ Southeast ...................................................... Southwest...................................................... Great Lakes .................................................. O hio........................................................... Middle W est.................................................. Missouri..................................................... Pacific ............................................................ ' The regions used in this study include New England— Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Border States—Delaware, District of Co lumbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia; Southeast—Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; Southwest—Ar kansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; Great Z.a/res—Illi nois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Middle West— Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Da kota, and South Dakota; Mountain States—Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific— California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Alaska and Ha waii were not included in this study. 2 Includes only establishments with 20 workers or more at the time of reference of the universe data. 3 Data relate to total employment in establishments actu ally visited. 4 Includes executive, professional, office, and other workers in addition to the production worker category shown separately. NOTE: United States and regions may include data for lo calities in addition to those shown separately. profit-sharing payments, attendance bonuses, Christmas or yearend bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Average (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each occu pation or category of workers, such as production workers, were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of individuals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers, if any, were obtained by dividing straight-time salary by normal (or standard) hours to which the salary corresponds. The median designates positions; that is, one-half of the employees surveyed received more than this rate and onehalf received less. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay such that one-fourth of the employees earned less than 46 the lower of these rates and one-fourth earned more than the higher rate. time required to complete the task. For purposes of table 12 in this report, these workers were considered timeworkers. Type of area Scheduled weekly hours Tabulations by type of area pertain to metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The term “ metropolitan areas,’’ as used in this bulletin, refers to the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA’s) as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through June 1983. In general, an MSA is defined as a county or group of contiguous counties which contains at least one central city of at least 50,000 inhabi tants or a central urbanized area of at least 100,000. Counties contiguous to the one containing such a city or area are included in an MSA if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially metropolitan in character and are socially and eco nomically integrated with the central city. In New England, where the city and town are administratively more important than the county, they are the units used in defining Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work schedule for full-time production workers employed on the day shift. Shift provisions and practices Shift provisions relate to the policies of establishments either currently operating late shifts or having formal provi sions covering late-shift work. Practices relate to workers employed on late shifts at the time of the survey. Establishment practices and employee benefits Supplementary benefits in an establishment were consi dered applicable to all production workers if they applied to half or more of such workers in the establishment. Similarly, if fewer than half of the workers were covered, the benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of length-of-service and other eligibility require ments, the proportion of workers receiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated. MSA’s. Labor-management agreements Separate wage data are presented, where possible, for establishments that had (1) a majority of the production workers covered by labor-management contracts, and (2) none or a minority of the production workers covered by labor-management contracts. Paid holidays. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day and half-day holidays provided annually. Method of wage payment Paid vacations. The summary of vacation plans is limited to formal arrangements and exclude informal plans where by time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer or supervisor. Payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 week’s pay. The periods of service for which data are presented represent the most common practices, but they do not neces sarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progres sion. For example, changes in proportions indicated at 20 years of service may include changes which occurred between 15 and 20 years. Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the number of workers paid under the various time and incen tive wage systems. Formal rate structures for time-rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job categories. In the absence of a formal rate structure, pay rates are determined primarily by the qualifications of the individual worker. A single rate structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job classification. Learners, apprentices, or probationary workers may be paid according to rate schedules which start below the single rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job rate over a period of time. An experienced worker occasionally may be paid above or below the single rate for special reasons, but such payments are exceptions. Rangeof-rate plans are those in which the minimum, maximum, or both of these rates paid experienced workers for the same job are specified. Specific rates of individual workers within the range may be determined by merit, length of service, or a combination of these. Incentive workers are classified under piecework or bonus plans. Piecework is work for which a predetermined rate is paid for each unit of output. Production bonuses are for production in excess of a quota or for completion of a task in less than standard time.Stint workers are those who receive a fixed daily rate for a predetermined amount of work regardless of the amount of Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Data are presented for health, insurance, pension, and retirement severance plans for which the employer pays all or a part of the cost, excluding programs required by law such as workers’ com pensation and Social Security.1 Among plans included are those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those paid directly by the employer from current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Tabulations of paid sick 47 Major medical plans typically have deductibles and require copayments, and frequently have maximum benefits. Com prehensive plans, which cover all expenses with neither deductibles or copayments, are considered not to include major medical insurance. Dental insurance, for purposes of this survey, covers rou tine dental work such as fillings, extractions, and x-rays. Excluded are plans which cover only oral surgery or accidental injury. Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to plans which provide regular payments for the remainder of the retiree’s life. Data are presented separately for retirement severance pay (one payment or several over a specified period of time) made to employees on retirement. Establishments providing both severance pay and pensions were included in data for each, but establishments having optional plans providing employees a choice of either retirement severance payments or pensions were considered as having only retire ment pension benefits. leave plans are limited to formal plans2 which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker’s pay during absence from work because of illness; informal arrangements have been omitted. Separate tabulations are provided for (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans provid ing either partial pay or a waiting period. Long-term disability insurance plans provide payments to totally disabled employees upon the expiration of sick leave, sickness and accident insurance, or both, or after a speci fied period of disability (typically 6 months). Payments are made until the end of disability, a maximum age, or eligi bility for retirement benefits. Payments may be full or partial, but are almost always reduced by Social Security, workers’ compensation, and private pension benefits payable to the disabled employee. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors’ fees. Such plans may be underwritten by a commercial insurance company or a non profit organization, or they may be a form of self-insurance. Major medical insurance includes plans designed to cover employees for services which go beyond those covered under hospitalization, medical, or surgical insurance. Paid funeral and jury-duty leave. Data for paid funeral and jury-duty leave relate to formal plans which provide at least partial payment for time lost as a result of attending funer als of specified family members or serving as a juror. 1 Temporary disability insurance which provides benefits to covered workers disabled by injury or illness which is not work-connected is man datory under State laws in California, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island. Establishment plans which meet only the legal requirements are excluded from these data, but those under which (1) employers contribute more than is legally required or (2) benefits exceed those specified in the State law are included. In Rhode Island, benefits are paid out o f a State fund to which only employees contribute. In each o f the other three States, benefits are paid either from a State fund or through a private plan. State fund financing: In California, only employees contribute to the State fund; in New Jersey, employees and employers contribute; in New York, em ployees contribute up to a specified maximum and employers pay the difference between the employees’ share and the total contribution required. Private plan financing: In California and New Jersey, employees cannot be required to contribute more than they would if they were covered by the State fund; in New York, employees can agree to contribute more if the State rules that the additional contribution is commensurate with the benefit provided. 2 An establishment is considered as having a formal plan if it specifies at least the minimum number o f days o f sick leave available to each employee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. Technological severance pay. Data relate to formal plans providing for payments to employees permanently separated from the company because of a technological change or plant closing. Supplemental unemployment benefits. Data relate to plans which supplement State unemployment insurance benefits. Cost-of-living adjustments. Data relate to formal plans for adjustments to wages in keeping with changes in the BLS Consumer Price Index or other measure. 3 When paid jury-duty leave is required by law. as it is in Alabama, Nebraska, Tennessee, and parts o f Massachusetts, plans are included only if the employer provides the em ployees with benefits exceeding the legal requirement. 48 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field representatives in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those used in individual establish ments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field representatives were instructed to exclude apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and proba tionary workers. The code numbers and occupational classifications that ap pear below the job titles in this appendix were taken from the 1980 edition of the Standard Occupational Classifica tion Manual (soc), issued by the U.S. Department of Com merce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards. In general, the Bureau of Labor Statistics occupational descriptions are much more specific than those found in the SOC manual. For example, one SOC code (7675: Furnace, kiln, and oven operator and tender) includes three of the jobs used in this survey of manufacturers of structural clay products. And, one of the three jobs, kiln setter and draw er, for the purposes of this survey, has three subclassifica tions, each depending on the duties of the worker. Thus, in comparing the results of this survey with other sources, differences in occupational definition and classification should be taken into consideration. the bucket or dipper in order to move and deposit materials. Crushing, grinding and mixing Clay grinder (Crusher; crusher operator; granulator; pulverizer; rock grinder; shale grinder) (7677: Crushing, grinding and polishing machine operator and tender) Tends and directs the loading of one or more crushing or grinding machines (other than dry- or wet-pans) which grind pieces of rock, clay or shale into fine particles or dust. Work involves most of the following: Loading and/or directing the loading of the feeding hopper; watching the materials being fed into the machine by a conveyor or by a helper; breaking up large pieces of raw materials and loosening clogged materials in machine with a slice-bar or maul; regulating the water valve which drips water into the machine to settle the dust; and lubricating and making minor repairs and adjust ments to the machine. Clay maker (Blunger-machine operator; clay mixer; clay washer; slip maker; slip mixer; batch operator; batch-car operator) (7664: Mixing and blending machine operator and tender) Blends and mixes various clays into a thin, semi-liquid form in a blunger (mixing machine). Work involves the following: Starting and operating the blunger, blending and mixing the various clays with water for the required time; running and regulating flow of slip (clay that has been worked into a creamy consistency) from mixer through lawn (very fine screen made of silk or metal), and over magnets which remove iron particles from the slip; and cleaning lawn and washing magnets. Additional duties may include removing excess water from slip by filter press; and measuring clay and other ingredients according to formula. Included are workers who mix a less moist clay in the refractories industry. Mining (winning) Power-shovel operator (Dragline operator; shovel operator; shovel runner) (8316: Excavating and loading machine operator) Excavates or moves materials with a power shovel or crane equipped with a dragline bucket. Manipulates levers and pedals to move the machine and to control the position of 49 Operates a machine that automatically molds brick, tile or other clay products. Work involves seeing that the machine is operating properly by observing the flow of clay and the pressing process so that proper pressure is being applied to the product. In addition, may place molded products on trays or on other conveying devices and may lubricate, adjust, or make minor repairs to the machine. Usually found in estab lishments using the soft-mud method of manufacture (a process requiring clay with high water content). Dry-pan operator (Dry-mill operator) (7677: Crushing, grinding and polishing machine operator and tender) Tends or directs the loading of one or more dry pans which grinds clay, shale or brick to a fine powder preparatory to screening and tempering. Work involves most of the follow ing: Loading or directing the loading of clay into the hoppers of dry pans; regulating flow of clay or shale into dry pans; breaking up or removing large lumps of materials and loosen ing clogged materials in machine; and lubricating and mak ing minor repairs or adjustments to the machine. Press operator (7663: Extruding and forming machine operator and tender) Operates a powered press to form and stamp out tempered clay into sewer pipe, tile, or other clay products. Work involves starting the press that forms, presses, and cuts clay to specified shapes and lengths; and operating a lever (or directing another worker) to actuate mechanism for cutting pipe or other clay products into sections. In addition, may change press dies, cut-off knives, etc., with the assistance of other workers, and may measure product for conformance to specifications, using scale and calipers. Usually found in establishments using the stiff-mud method of manufacture (a process requiring clay with a lower water content than that used in the soft-mud method). Forming and cutting Die presser (7663: Extruding and forming machine operator and tender) Operates a screw press or hydraulic press to squeeze and shape dry tempered clay or silica into brick and other clay products. Work involves: Filling bottom die with ground or pulverized damp clay; forming product by operating a press which causes the upper die to descend into the lower die, thus squeezing the clay into the proper shape; and removing the formed product. In addition, may set the dies in the press. Included are workers who operate presses designed to per form one or more of the above operations automatically, usually found in establishments using the dry-press method of manufacture. Pugmill operator (Clay pugger; mixing-mill operator; pug miller; pugger) (7664: Mixing and blending machine operator and tender) Hand molder Prepares ground, sifted, or filtered clay for molding by mixing it with water in a pugmill. Work involves most of the following: Feeding clay to the machine; regulating the flow of water to mixing chamber; and examining mixed clay for consistency as it is forced out of the pugmill in a con tinuous form. In addition, may make minor repairs to the machine; operate an auger mill or cutting machine in con nection with the pugmill; or cut the continuous form into con venient lengths, stacking cut lengths end up on a truck. (Brick molder, hand; tile molder, hand; pipe-fittings molder) (7754: Hand molding and casting occupation) Molds brick, tile or other clay products by hand. Work involves the following: Kneading moist clay until it is of the desired consistency and placing or throwing it forcibly into the mold; packing clay firmly in the mold by hand or with a mallet, or by means of a jogger operated by compressed air; and cutting off or removing excess clay projecting from the mold. In addition, may remove the form from the mold after it has been allowed to dry and shrink slightly. Glazing Glazing-machine feeder Molding-machine operator (7669: Coating, painting, and spraying machine operator and tender) (Brick molder, machine; brickmaker, machine; molder, machine; tile maker, machine; tile molder, machine) (7663: Extruding and forming machine operator and tender) Feeds structural clay products into a machine that sprays an even coat of glaze on the material as it passes through. 50 For wage study purposes, workers in this occupation are classified according to whether their duties are limited to kiln setting, or to kiln drawing, or include a combination of the two occupations, as follows: Spray-machine operator (glazing) (7669: Coating, painting, and spraying machine operator and tender) Setter Drawer Setter and drawer Operates machine to spray glazing material onto ceramic tile, brick or other structural clay products. Work involves most of the following: Filling supply tanks with liquid glaze; checking glaze against specifications; starting and operating machine, adjusting speed, air valves, and spray nozzles as necessary; and testing thickness of glaze on product. May clean spray nozzles, hoses, and tanks as necessary, keep production records, and supervise other workers function ing as part of a spray-machine team. Placer, tunnel kiln (Tunnel-kiln-car setter) (8725: Machine feeder and offbearer) Loads structural clay products or saggers filled with these products, on automatic-conveyor cars that carry products through the kiln for firing. Work involves setting products and saggers in proper section of car according to the firing requirements of each type of product. Burning Firer, periodic kiln (Kiln burner; kiln operator; kiln tender) (7675: Furnace, kiln, and oven operator and tender) Unloader, tunnel kiln (Kiln-car unloader; tunnel-kiln drawer) (8725: Machine feeder and off-bearer) Operates a periodic kiln used to fire brick, tile, or other clay products. Work involves the following: Preparing fire box and lighting fires; regulating temperature by adjusting drafts and controlling fuel supply; and observing pyrometric cones and/or rings through peepholes to determine the rate at which burning is proceeding. May direct a helper in the execution of tasks. Unloads products such as bricks, sewer pipe, and refrac tories, or saggers filled with fired products, from tunnel-kiln cars. Work involves removing product from cars or saggers and placing it on trucks, conveyors, or other containers for transfer to other departments. Firer, tunnel kiln Finishing (drawing) (7675: Furnace, kiln, and oven operator and tender) Finisher Operates a tunnel or continuous kiln to fire clay products. Work involves maintaining the proper temperature in the kiln at all times by controlling fuel intake, checking drafts, and recording temperatures periodically. In addition, may push the tunnel-kiln car into the intake chamber of the kiln and remove it from the other end after the product has been fired and cooled. (Fettler; shaper; sponger; trimmer) (7758: Hand grinding and polishing occupation) Removes rough edges from newly formed (green) clay products. Work involves scraping dirt, mold marks, rough edges, and other irregularities from product with fettling knife, stick felt or emery, and rubbing product with a dampened sponge to give it a smooth surface. In addition, may measure product for conformance to specifications, and may place ceramic tile in saggers. Kiln setter and drawer (7675: Furnace, kiln, and oven operator and tender) Places bricks or other structural clay products in a periodic kiln for burning and/or removes burned clay products from kiln. Work involves a combination of the following: Arrang ing materials in rows or tiers in the kiln and spacing them so that hot air will circulate freely during burning; spread ing sand on floor and between layers to prevent products from adhering to one another; and removing burned clay products from the kiln and placing them on trucks or other conveying devices. May use hand or power truck to set products in kiln or to remove them after burning. Off-bearer (Hacker; racker; stacker) (8725: Machine feeder and off-bearer) Bears off, carries or removes the unfinished or finished brick, tile, or other clay products from a machine conveyor or hand truck and piles or sets products on conveyor, floor, drying rack, or hand car. In addition, may remove formed products from molds. 51 Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work, using a variety of machinist’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relat ing to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the com mon metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equip ment required for this work; fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop prac tice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Pattern mounter (7759: Miscellaneous hand working occupation) Assembles ceramic tiles in pattern and mounts them on heavy paper to preserve the arrangement for installation. Work involves placing tiles on board, face down, following a previously designed pattern; gluing sheet of mounting paper to base of tiles; and removing completed assembly and plac ing it in position for drying. Sorter (Brick sorter; tile sorter) (785: Grader and sorter, except agricultural) Mechanic (machinery) Sorts burned brick or tile according to color, hardness or size. For wage study purposes, sorters are classified accord ing to product: (613: Industrial machinery repairer) Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an estab lishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and per forming repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a machinery maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. Sorter, brick Sorter, tile Maintenance Electrician (615: Electrical and electronic equipment repairer) (6432: Electrician) Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: In stalling or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other specifications; locating and di agnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; work ing standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of elec trician’s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Motor vehicle mechanic (611: Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanic and repairer) Repairs, rebuilds, or overhauls major assemblies of internal combustion automobiles, buses, trucks, or tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Diagnosing the source of trouble and determining the extent of repairs required; replacing worn or broken parts such as piston rings, bearings, or other engine parts; grinding and adjusting valves; rebuilding carburetors; overhauling trans missions; and repairing fuel injection, lighting, and ignition systems. In general, the work of the motor vehicle mechan ic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. This classification does not include mechanics who repair customers’ vehicles or who only perform minor repairs and tuneups of motor vehicles. It does, however, include fully Maintenance machinist (613: Industrial machinery repairer) Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: 52 qualified journeymen mechanics even though most of their time may be spent on minor repairs and tuneups. General maintenance worker (6179: Mechanic and repairer, not elsewhere classified) Performs general maintenance and repair of building struc tures and their mechanical, electrical, or sanitary systems. May also perform general maintenance and repair of the establishment’s machinery. Work requires a basic practical knowledge of several maintenance trades in order to perform most of the following: Keeping in good repair building wood work; replacing electrical switches, fixtures, and motors; oc casional painting or touching up of structure or equipment; repairing or replacing plumbing fixtures; and replacing broken window panes. Excluded are positions requiring a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training in one or more crafts. Also excluded are workers participating in such a program. of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the fol lowing: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of con tainer; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identify ing data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. Hand trucker (8726: Freight, stock, and material mover, not elsewhere classified) Pushes or pulls hand trucks, cars, or wheelbarrows used for transporting goods and materials of all kinds about a ware house, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. May load, unload, or stack materials in storage, and maintain records. Custodial and material movement Power-truck operator (8318: Industrial truck and tractor equipment operator) Janitor, porter or cleaner (5244: Janitor and cleaner) Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electricpowered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office. Duties in volve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Forklift Other than forklift T ruckdriver (821: Motor vehicle operator) Packaging-machine operator Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport materials, merchandise, equipment, or workers between var ious types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establish ments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Salesroute and over-theroad drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by type and rated capacity of truck, as follows: (7662: Packaging and filling machine operator and tender) Prepares brick and other clay products for shipment. Operates a machine that wraps products either with a metal band or with shrink-wrap plastic. May work as part of a crew that sorts and/or stacks product on pallet. Shipping packer (8761: Hand packer and packager) Truckdriver, light truck (straight truck, under 11/ 2 tons, usually 4 wheels) Truckdriver, medium truck (straight truck, 1 1/2 to 4 tons inclusive, usually 6 wheels) Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by plac ing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number 33 Truckdriver, heavy truck (straight truck, over 4 tons, usually 10 wheels) Truckdriver, tractor-trailer Truckdriver, not classifiable by category (Truckdrivers in positions with work characteristics as described are reported under this category when the information needed to classify them according to category is not available or they are not assigned to a particular category of truck.) >*U.S. Government Printing Office 54 : 1987 - 20 2 -109 /74346 Industry Wage Survey Bulletins The most recent reports providing occupational wage data for industries currently included in the Bureau’s program of industry wage surveys are listed below. Bulletins still in print are for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, 111. 60690. Order by title and GPO Stock Number. Bulletins marked with an asterisk (*) are available only from the Chicago address. Bulletins that are out of print are available for reference at leading public, college, or university libraries or at the Bureau’s Washington or regional offices. Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1982. BLS Bulletin 2180* Shipbuilding and Repairing, 1981. BLS Bulletin 2161. Synthetic Fibers, 1985. BLS Bulletin 2268. $1.50 GPO Stock No. 029-001-02904-7 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1985. BLS Bulletin 2260. $3.25* Textile Mills, 1985, BLS Bulletin 2265. $5.50 GPO Stock No. 029-001-02920-9 Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1982. bls Bulletin 2187. Wood Household Furniture, 1986. BLS Bulletin 2283. $5.50 GPO Stock No. 029-001-02931-4 Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Basic Iron and Steel, 1983. BLS Bulletin 2221. $2.25* Cigarette Manufacturing, 1986. BLS Bulletin 2276. $1.25 GPO Stock No. 029-001-02928-4 Corrugated and Solid Fiber Boxes, 1981. BLS Bulletin 2138* Grain Mill Products, 1982. b l s Bulletin 2207. $3* Hosiery Manufacturing, 1981. bl s Bulletin 2151. Industrial Chemicals, 1981. BLS Bulletin 2136. Iron and Steel Foundries, 1979. BLS Bulletin 2085 Machinery Manufacturing, 1983. b l s Bulletin 2229. $3.50* Meat Products, 1984. b l s Bulletin 2247. $6* Men’s and Boys’ Shirts and Nightwear, 1984. BLS Bulletin 2232. $2.50* Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1984. BLS Bulletin 2230. $2.25* Men’s and Women’s Footwear, 1980. b l s Bulletin 2118. Millwork, 1984. BLS Bulletin 2244. $2* Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1979. BLS Bulletin 2103 Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1983. b l s Bulletin 2223. $4.75* Petroleum Refining, 1985. BLS Bulletin 2255. $2.25* Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1980. BLS Bulletin 2109. Appliance Repair Shops, 1981. BLS Bulletin 2177. $1* Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1982. BLS Bulletin 2198. $2.25* Banking, 1985. b l s Bulletin 2269. $4 GPO Stock No. 029-001-02913-6 Bituminous Coal Mining, 1982. BLS Bulletin 2185. Certificated Air Carriers, 1984. bl s Bulletin 2241. $2* Computer and Data Processing Services, 1982. bl s Bulletin 2184. $2* Contract Cleaning Services, 1981. BLS Bulletin 2152 Department Stores, 1981. b l s Bulletin 2147* Electric and Gas Utilities, 1982. BLS Bulletin 2218. $4.75* Hospitals, 1985. BLS Bulletin 2273. $12 GPO Stock No. 029-001-02919-5 Hotels and Motels, 1983. BLS Bulletin 2227. $3.25* Life Insurance, 1980. BLS Bulletin 2119. Metal Mining, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2017. Nursing and Personal Care Facilities, 1985. BLS Bulletin 2275. $5 GPO Stock No. 029-001-02921-7 Oil and Gas Extraction, 1982. BLS Bulletin 2193. $3* Employee Benefits in Medium and Large Firms, 1986 Employee Benefits in Medium and Large Firms, 1986 U S Departm ent of Labor Bureau of Labor S ta tistics June 1987 B u lle tin 2281 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin 2281 The Bureau of Labor Statistics issues its 1986 bulletin on employee benefits in medium and large firms. This survey is the eighth in the series. Data available • Incidence and detailed characteristics of 14 private sector employee benefits paid for at least in part by the employer: Lunch and rest periods; holidays, vacations, and personal, funeral, jury-duty, military, and sick leave; sickness and accident, long-term disability, health, and life insurance; and private retirement/capital accumulation plans. Included in the retirement data is information on defined benefit plans, such as benefit formulas and pension replacement rates, and on defined contribution plans, such as salary reduction or 401 (k) plans. • Incidence and provisions of flexible benefits plans and reimbursement accounts are included for the first time in 1986. Source of data • Sample of about 1,500 establishments in a cross-section of the Nation's private industries; primarily by personal interview. Coverage Uses • Major benefits in medium and large firms, nationwide. • Minimum employment in establishments covered is generally 100 or 250 employees, depending on the industry. • Union contract negotiations. • Conciliation and arbitration in public and private sectors. • Development of legislation affecting the welfare of workers. Publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Publications Sales Center P.O. Box 2145 Chicago, III. 60690 Order form Please send _______________ copies of Employee Benefits in Medium and Large Firms, 1986, Bulletin 2281, Stock No. 029-001-02927-6, at $5 each, for a total of $ _______________________ □ Enclosed is a check or money order payable to Superintendent of Documents. □ Charge to GPO Deposit Account No ________ _____________ Order N o . _____________________ □ Credit Card Orders— MasterCardD Visa □ or Choice □ on orders to Superintendent of Documents only. Total charges $ — _ — Credit Card N o ._________________ _ . ^ 4 Expiration Date Month/Year ____________________ Name J Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I Kennedy Federal Building Suite 1603 Boston, MA 02203 Phone: (617) 565-2327 Region li Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, NY 10036 Phone: (212) 944-1321 Region III 3535 Market Street P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, PA 19101 Phone: (215) 569-1154 Region IV 1371 Peachtree Street, N.W. Atlanta, GA 30367 Phone: (404)347-4418 Region V 9th Floor Federal Office Building 230 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, IL 60604 Phone: (312) 353-1880 Region VI Federal Building 525 Griffin Street, Room 221 Dallas, TX 75202 Phone: (214) 767-6971 Regions VII and VIII 911 Walnut Street Kansas City, MO 64106 Phone: (816)374-2481 Regions IX and X 71 Stevenson Street P.O. Box 3766 San Francisco, CA 94119 Phone: (415) 995-5602 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Official Business Penalty for Private Use, $300 Lab-441 Years o f Working for A m erica s Future 75
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