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INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Mills I OCTOBER 1967 Dayton & Montgomery Co. Public Library WAR 5 1969 DOCUMENT COLLECTION B u lletin No. 1608 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Mills OCTOBER 1967 B ulletin No. 1608 December 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ben Burdetsky, Acting Commissioner For sale by the Superntendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 60 cents Preface This b u lletin su m m a rizes the resu lts of a B ureau of Labor S ta tistics su rvey of w ages and supplem entary b en efits in pulp, pap er, and paperboard m ills in O ctober 1967. The su rvey w as conducted in the B u reau 's O ffice of W ages and Industrial R elations by the D ivision of O ccu pational W age S tru ctu res. The a n a ly sis w as prepared by M ichael J. T ighe. F ield w ork for the su rvey w as d irected by the A ssista n t R egional D irecto rs for O perations. O ther rep orts a v ailab le from the B u reau 's program of industry w age stu d ies, as w ell as the a d d resses of the B u reau 's eight region al o ffic e s, a re liste d at the end of th is bulletin . iii Contents P a ge Sum m ary _______________________________ Industry c h a r a c te r istic s ________________________________________________________________________ A vera g e hourly earn in gs ________________________________________________________________________ O ccupational earn in gs __________________________________________________________________________ E sta b lish m en t p r a c tic e s and su p p lem en tary w age p ro v isio n s ______________________________ Scheduled w eek ly hours _____________________________________________________________________ Shift d ifferen tia l p r a c tic e s __________________________________________________________________ P aid h olid ays ________________________________________________________________________________ P aid v a ca tio n s _______________________________________________________________________________ H ealth, in su ra n ce, and retirem en t plans _________________________________________________ Other s e le c te d b en efits ______________________________________________________________________ T ables: A v era g e hou rly earnings: 1. By se le c te d c h a r a c te r istic s ______________________________________________________ E arn in gs distribution: 2. A ll m ills _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. P u lp m ills ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. P a p erm ills __________________________________________________________________________ 6 . P aper and paperboard m ills — con verted paper products departm en ts ________ O ccupational avera g es: 7. A ll m ills _____________________________________________________________________________ 8 . P u lp m ills ____________________________________________________________________________ 9. P a p erm ills __________________________________________________________________________ 10. P aperb oard m ills ___________________________________________________________________ 11. P aper and paperboard m ills — m a ch in e-ro o m occu pations by width of m a c h in e _____ _____________________________________________________________ 12. A ll m ills by s iz e of c o m m u n ity ____________________________________________________ 13. A ll m ills by s iz e of m i l l __________________________________________________________ 14. A ll m ills by s iz e of m ill and s iz e of c o m m u n ity __________________________________ O ccupational earnings: 15. Crane o p erators ______________________ 16. C ooks, s u lp h a te ______________________ 17. G rin derm en ___________________________ 18. P a p er-m a ch in e ten d er s, fine g ra d es 19. F ourth hands, fine g ra d es __________ 20. M illw righ ts ____________________________ 21. Ja n ito rs _______________________________ E sta b lish m en t p r a c tic e s and su p p lem en tary w age p rov isio n s: 22. M ethod of w age p a y m e n t____________________________________________________________ 23. Scheduled w eek ly hours _____________________________________________________________ 24. Shift d ifferen tia l p r a c tic e s _________________________________________________________ 25. P aid h o lid ays ________________________________________________________________________ 26. P aid va ca tio n s _______________________________________________________________________ 27. H ealth, in su ra n ce, and retirem e n t plans _________________________________________ 28. Other se le c te d b en efits _____________________________________________________________ A ppendixes: A . Scope and m ethod of su rv ey ____________________________________________________________ B. O ccupational d e s c r ip tio n s ______________________________________________________________ 1 1 3 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 8 9 9 11 12 16 17 20 22 24 26 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 34 35 36 36 38 39 41 45 Industry Wage Survey— Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, October 1967 Sum m ary S tra ig h t-tim e earn in gs of production and rela ted w o rk ers in pulp, p ap er, and paper board m ills , e x c lu siv e of w o rk ers in c o n v erted paper products d ep artm en ts, a veraged $ 2 .9 5 an hour in O ctober 1967. 1 E arn ings of 95 p ercen t of th ese 1 6 8,4 1 3 w o rk ers w ere w ithin a range of $2 to $ 4 an hour; the m iddle half earn ed b etw een $ 2 .5 9 and $ 3 .2 4 . M en, accounting for 97 p ercen t of the in d u stry ’s w ork fo r c e , av era g ed $ 2 .9 6 an hour, c o m pared w ith $ 2 .4 9 for w om en. 25 y e a r s. O n e-fou rth of the w o rk ers w ere co v ered by p ro v isio n s for 6 w eek s' va ca tio n pay after 30 y ea rs of s e r v ic e . V arious h ealth , in su ra n ce, and retirem e n t b en efits a lso w ere w id esp rea d in the in d u stry. Industry C h a r a c te r istic s M ills p r im a r ily en gaged in m anufacturing paper em p loyed tw o -th ird s of the 1 9 7,9 1 9 * production and rela ted w o rk ers co v ered by the su rv ey . P ap erb oard m ills accounted for another th ree-te n th s of the w ork fo r c e , and the rem ain in g w o rk ers w ere in sep a ra te pulpm ills w here op eration s w ere lim ited to m a n ufacturing pulp from w ood or other m a te r ia ls. M ost pulp produced by sep a ra te p u lp m ills is u sed by paper and paperboard m ills ; about th ree-fo u rth s of the p u lp m ill w o rk ers w ere in esta b lish m en ts ow ned by paper or pap erb oard co m p a n ies. P ap er and paperboard m ills a lso ty p ica lly m anufacture at le a st part of th eir pulp req u irem en ts in in teg ra ted pulpm aking d ep artm en ts. Such in teg ra ted esta b lish m en ts accounted for about tw o -th ird s of the c o m bined em p loym en t in paper and paperboard m ills . S ligh tly m o re than fo u r-fifth s of the w o rk ers in paper and paperboard m ills w ere in e sta b lish m en ts w here the prod ucts w ere m ade p r im a r ily from woodpulp; m o st of the rem ain d er w ere in m ills that m a in ly u sed w a ste paper or re c la im e d fib ers to m an u factu re paper or pap erb oard . The m anu facture of woodpulp in v o lv es the sep a ra tio n of the c e llu lo se fib ers from w ood by m ech a n ica l or ch em ic a l p r o c e s s e s or a com bin ation of the two (se m ic h e m ic a l p r o c e s s). The th ree b a sic ch em ic a l p r o c e s s e s R eg ion a lly , a verage hou rly ea rn in gs for production w o rk ers ranged from $ 2 . 68 in New England to $ 3 .3 9 in the P a c ific . The South e a st and the Southw est w ith id en tica l a v era g es of $ 3 . 11 w ere the only other reg io n s w here a v era g es ex ceed ed $ 3 an hour. 2 P rodu ction w o rk ers in both p a p erm ills and paperboard m ills — con stitu tin g tw o -th ird s and th r e e -te n th s , r e sp e c tiv e ly , of the w o rk ers co v ered by the study— had id en tica l a v era g es, $ 2 .9 4 an hour. The higher national average of $ 3. 17 for w o rk ers in sep a ra te p u lp m ills la r g e ly r e fle c ts the heavy con cen tration of th ese w o rk ers in the Southeast and P a c ific . Am ong the occu pations stud ied sep a ra te ly , national a v era g es ranged from $ 2 . 50 an hour for ja n ito rs to $ 3 . 70 for r e c o v e r y o p er a to r s, sulphate p r o c e s s. E arn ings of w o rk ers in m ach in e-room jo b s, as w ell as in sto ck p r e p aration and fin ish in g jo b s, v a ried c o n s id e r ably by type of paper or paperboard m an u factu red . N ationw ide a v era g es f o r p a p erm achin e ten d er s, for ex a m p le, ranged from $ 3 .2 5 an hour for ten d ers of m a ch in es p r o ducing sp e c ia l in d u stria l paper to $ 4 .6 3 for th ose tending n ew sp rin t and groundw ood paper m a ch in es. O ccupational a v era g es a lso v a ried by locatio n and siz e of m ill, and for m ach in eroom jo b s, by w idth of m a ch in e. 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. Wage data presented in this report exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Data for an estimated 29, 506 workers employed in converted paper products departments of mills covered by the study are ex cluded from the regular earnings tabulations and are presented separately in table 6. The inclusion of these workers would reduce the nationwide average by an estimated 3 cents an hour. 2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1 of table in appendix A. 3 Includes the 29, 506 workers in converted paper products departments of paper and paperboard mills covered by the study. P aid h o lid a y s, u su a lly 8 days annually, w ere provid ed to v ir tu a lly a ll of the w o rk e rs. A ll esta b lish m en ts granted p a i d v a ca tio n s. T yp ical p ro v isio n s ranged from 1 w e e k ’s pay after 1 year of s e r v ic e to 5 w eek s' pay after 1 2 are soda, sulph ate, and su lp h ite. The type of w ood availab le is a determ in in g facto r in the p r o c e ss u sed . The develop m ent of the sulphate p r o c e ss m ade p o ssib le t h e large sc a le u se of south ern pine; the m ore recen t se m ic h e m ic a l p r o c e ss allow s e a s ie r p r o c e s s in g of hardw oods. In ea ch of the ch em ica l p r o c e s s e s , p u l p w o o d log s are red uced to sm a ll ch ip s w hich are then cooked in large tanks ca lle d " d ig e ste r s." C h em ica ls, stea m , and p r e ssu r e com bine to rem ove lign in and other im p u r itie s, leavin g a resid u e of n ea r ly pure c e llu lo se pulp. The pulp then is w ash ed and refin ed in p rep aration for the paperm aking m a c h in e s. The pulp is pum ped to the paper m achine w hich fo rm s a sm ooth w et sh ee t, p r e s s e s , and d r ies it into paper or pap erb oard . A num be r of f i n i s h i n g ope r a tio n s, such as slittin g , cutting, and testin g m ay then be p e r fo rm ed . M ost m ills ship th eir paper e l s e w h ere for co n v ersio n into paper p rod u cts, but about o n e-th ird of the p a p erm ills and a sim ila r p rop ortion of the pap erb oard m ills in the su rv ey had th eir own co n v erted paper prod ucts d ep a rtm en ts. Output p er production w ork er m an-h our in the in d u stry ro se 16 p ercen t betw een 1962— the y ea r of a sim ila r w age su rv ey in the in d u s tr y 4— and 1965. 5 T his r is e w as a c c o m panied by a 19- p ercen t in c r e a se in output, w hile total production w ork er m a n -h o u rs r e m ain ed r e la tiv e ly sta b le. Am ong the fa cto rs contributing to the in d u stry 's in c r e a se d p r o d u ctivity are the m ore w id esp rea d u se of continuous pulp p r o c e ssin g , in c r e a se d m e c h an ization of m a teria l handling, and the e x pan sion of se m ic h e m ic a l pulp p r o c e ssin g . 6 Ind ustry exp en d itu res for new plant and eq u ip m en t ro se from $436 m illio n in 1962 to $943 m illio n in 1966. 7 The G reat L akes and the Sou theast r e gions ea ch accoun ted for about o n e-fo u rth of the in d u stry 's w ork fo rce at the tim e of the study. New E ngland and the M iddle A tlantic reg io n s, each w ith slig h tly le s s than o n e -six th of the w o r k e r s, the P a c ific w ith o n e-ten th , and the Southw est w ith som ew hat le s s than o n e-ten th , accoun ted for m o st of the r e m a in ing w o rk e rs. In a ll reg io n s, p a p erm ills e m p loyed a m a jo rity of the w o rk e rs, 55 to 85 p e rcen t. The p rop ortion of w o rk ers in p a p e r board m ills ranged from about o n e-eig h th in New England to ap p roxim ately tw o -fifth s in the Sou theast and Southw est. Only in the P a c ific w as as m uch as o n e-ten th of the w ork fo rce in sep a ra te pulpm ills,. The p rop ortion s of w o rk ers in m ills producing at le a st som e w oodpulp, h o w ev er, w ere about o n e-h a lf in the G reat L akes and M iddle A tlan tic, th ree fifth s in New E ngland, th ree-fo u rth s in the P a c ific , and m o r e than n in e-ten th s in the Sou theast and Sou thw est. M etrop olitan a rea s 8 accoun ted for slig h tly m o re than tw o -fifth s of the production w o rk e r s in both paper and pap erb oard m ills and slig h tly le s s than o n e-ten th of the pu lp m ill w o rk e rs. R eg ion a lly , the approxim ate p r o p ortion s of p a p erm ill w o rk ers in m etro p o lita n a rea s w ere fo u r -fifth s in the P a c ific , tw oth ird s in the M iddle A tla n tic, o n e-h a lf in the S ou th east, tw o -fifth s in the Southw est, and th ree-te n th s in b o t h New E ngland and the G reat L a k es. The co rresp o n d in g prop ortions of pap erb oard m ill w o rk ers w ere ap p ro x i m a tely sev en -eig h th s in New E ngland, se v e n tenths in the M iddle A tlan tic, o n e-h a lf in the G reat L a k es, tw o -fifth s in the P a c ific , o n eth ird in the Sou th east, and o n e-fifth in the Southw est. W orkers em p loyed in pulp, p ap er, and pap erb oard m ills are en gaged la r g e ly in o p era tin g and m ain taining m ech a n ica l and c h em ic a l p r o c e ssin g equipm ent and do a m inim um of m a teria l handling. A ty p ica l in teg ra ted pulp and p a p erm ill c o v e r s s e v e r a l a c r e s . S ev en -eig h th s of the w o rk ers co v ered by the study w ere in e sta b lish m en ts that em p loyed 250 prod uction w o rk ers or m o re and about h a lf, 46 p e rcen t, w ere in m ills that em p loyed 1 , 000 w o rk ers or m o r e . G en era lly, p a p erm ills w ere la r g e r than the two other typ es of m ills , as in d icated in the follow in g tabulation. Percent of production workers i: Pulpmills Papermills Paperboard mills T o ta l------------------ 100 100 100 50 to 249 workers--------250 to 999 workers-------1, 000 workers and over— 5 76 19 9 38 53 22 45 33 Workers * See Industry Wage Survey; Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills. January 1962 (BLS Bulletin 1341, 1962). 5 Indexes of Output Per Man-Hour, Selected Industries. 1939 and 1947-66 (BLS Bulletin 1572, 1967). Estimates of output per man-hour for the industry include data for building paper and paperboard mills, which are excluded from the wage survey} these mills employed approximately 10, 000 workers at the tim e of the survey. 6 Technological Trends in Major American Industries (BLS Bulletin 1474, 1966), pp. 161 and 162. 7 Source: U. S, Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1963 Census of Manufactures and 1966 Annual Survey of Manufactures. 8 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U. S„ Bureau of the Budget through April 1967. 3 The prop ortions of w o rk ers in the th ree e m p lo y m e n t-siz e groups a lso v a rie d by reg io n . F or ex a m p le, the prop ortions of w o rk ers in p a p erm ills that em p loyed 1, 000 w o rk ers or m ore am ounted to about sev en -eig h th s in the Sou theast, tw o -th ird s in the Southw est, and about tw o -fifth s in each of the r e m a i n i n g r e g io n s. M ills that had c o lle c tiv e b a r g a i n i n g a g reem en ts co v erin g a m a jo rity of th eir p r o duction w o rk ers accounted for o v e r n in etenths of the in d u stry ’s w ork f o r c e . The p rop ortion s w ere v irtu a lly a ll in the G reat L akes and P a c ific r e g i o n s and m ore than n in e-ten th s in a ll other r eg io n s, ex cep t New E ngland, w here sev en -eig h th s of the w o rk ers w ere in m ills that had c o lle c tiv e bargaining a g reem en ts. The U nited P a p erm a k ers and P a p erw o rk ers (U P P ) and t h e International B rotherh ood of P ulp, Sulphite and P aper M ill W orkers (PSPM W ), the m ajor lab or o r g a n i zations in the in d u stry, had c o lle c tiv e b a r gaining a g reem en ts w ith m ills that em p loyed a la rg e m a jo rity of the w o rk ers in each of the reg io n s, ex cep t the P a c ific w here the A sso cia tio n of W estern Pulp and P ap er W ork e r s (Ind. ) w as the m ajor union. In m any in sta n c e s, v a rio u s groups of w o rk ers ( e. g. , p r o c e ssin g , m ain ten an ce) in the sam e m ill w ere rep resen ted by d ifferen t labor o r g a n iz a tio n s. The U P P and PSPM W w ere freq u en tly party to the sam e c o l l e c t i v e bargaining a g reem en t. M en accoun ted for 97 p ercen t of the p r o duction w o r k e r s, ex clu siv e of th ose in the co n v erted paper products d ep artm en ts. E x cep t for a few occu pations ( e. g. , te s te r s , ja n ito r s, and som e fin ish in g jo b s), a ll w o rk e r s in the occu pations s e le c te d for sep a ra te study w ere m en . M en a lso accoun ted for sev en -ten th s of the 29, 506 w o rk ers in c o n v erted paper products d ep a rtm en ts. T im e r a te s, w hich w ere m o stly tinder fo rm a l plans providing sin g le ra tes for in dividual o ccu p a tio n s, applied to n e a r ly a ll of the in d u stry ’s production w o rk ers (table 22). S ev era l c o lle c tiv e bargaining a g reem en ts in the in d u stry p rovid e for the p erio d ic a d ju st m en t of w age ra tes for m ach in e-room jobs (p ap er-m ach in e ten d er s, back ten d er s, th ird hands, e t c . ) b a sed on m achin e sp eed s during a p rev io u s tim e p erio d . In addition to m a chine sp ee d s, one m ajor co n tra ct includ ed adjustm ent fa cto rs such as w idth of the m a chine w ir e , tonnage, and grade of pap er. A verage H ourly E arn ings S tra ig h t-tim e earn in gs of production and rela ted w o rk ers (ex clu siv e of th ose in c o n v erted paper products d ep artm en ts) in t h e in d u stry a v eraged $ 2 . 9 5 an hour in O ctober 1967 (table 1). 9 This rep resen ted an in c r e a s e of about 25 p ercen t over the average of $ 2 . 3 5 , reco rd ed in a January 1962 su rv ey of the in d u stry. 10 M uch of this r is e w as due to g en era l w age in c r e a s e s granted under the term s of c o lle c tiv e bargaining a g reem en ts. A g reem en ts in the in d u stry u su a lly co v er a 2 - or 3 -y ea r p erio d , and ty p ica lly provide for g en era l w age in c r e a se s at the beginning of the a g reem en t and at le a st one d eferred in c r e a se during the life of the con tract. 11 The 164,185 m en averaged $ 2. 96 an hour, 47 cen ts m ore than the 4, 228 w om en. The average w age advantage for m en ranged from 17 cen ts in the M iddle A tlantic to 64 cen ts in the P a c ific . D ifferen ces in average pay le v e ls betw een m en and w om en in the in d u stry w ere p a rtly due to v a ria tio n s in the d is tr i bution of the s e x e s am ong jobs w ith d ifferen t pay r a te s. D ifferen ces noted in a v era g es for the few jobs in w hich data are p r esen ted for both m en and w om en m ay r e fle c t m inor d if fe r e n c e s in d u ties. Job d escrip tio n s u sed to c la s s ify w o rk ers in in d u stry w age su rv ey s u su a lly are m o re g en e ra lized than th ose found in i n d i v i d u a l esta b lish m en ts to allow for m inor d ifferen ces in s p e c i f i c duties p e r form ed . R egion ally, o v e r a ll average h ou rly e a r n ings of production w o rk ers w ere lo w e st in New England ($ 2. 68) and h ig h est in the P a cific reg io n ( $ 3 . 3 9 ) . Id en tical a v era g es of $ 3 . 1 1 The straight-time average hourly earnings in this bulletin differ in concept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau's monthly hours and earnings series. Unlike the latter, the estimate presented here excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Average earnings were calculated by summing individual hourly earnings and dividing by the number of individuals; in the monthly series, the sum of the man-hour totals reported by establishments in the industry was divided into the reported payroll totals. The Bureau's monthly series for paper and pulp, unlike this survey, also includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing building paper and building board from woodpulp and other fibrous materials. The monthly series also includes data for workers in converted paper products departments of paper and paperboard mills; in this study, data for these workers are excluded from the tabulations for the regular pulp, paper, and paperboard depart ments and are shown separately. 10 See Industry Wage Survey: Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills (BLS Bulletin 1341, 1962), p. 8. 11 The Bureau's series on current wage developments pro vides monthly reports on general wage changes in major collective bargaining situations, including those for workers in pulp, paper, and paperboard mills. 9 4 w ere rep o rted in the Southeast and Southw est reg io n s. In the G reat L akes and M iddle A t lan tic r e g io n s, the a v era g es w ere $ 2 . 8 5 and $ 2 . 7 9 , r e sp e c tiv e ly . R egional v a ria tio n s in a ll-w o rk er a v era g es r e fle c t, in p art, d if fe r e n c e s in the d istrib u tion of em p loym ent by type of m ill, s iz e of m ill, and s iz e of com m un ity. N ationw ide, w o rk ers in sep a ra te pulpm ills av era g ed $ 3 . 1 7 an hour com p ared w ith $ 2 . 9 4 in both paper and pap erb oard m ills . N in e-ten th s of the p u lp m ill w o rk e rs, h ow ever, w ere lo ca ted in the r e la tiv e ly high paying Southeast and P a cific reg io n s, w here a v era g es for a ll th ree groups w ere quite s im ila r . In the S ou th east, p a p erm ill w o rk ers a v eraged 5 cen ts le s s than pap erb oard m ill w o rk ers and 2 cen ts le s s than w o rk ers in p u lp m ills, who av era g ed $ 3 . 1 5 ; in the P a cific reg io n , the average in both paper and paperboard m ills ex cee d ed the $ 3 . 3 6 of the p u lpm ill w o rk ers by 3 cen ts. W orkers in m ills w ith em p loym en t of 1, 000 or m o re av era g ed $ 3 . 0 4 n a tio n a lly, com p ared w ith $ 2 . 9 7 for th ose in m ills w ith em p loym en t of 250—999 and $ 2 . 5 6 for th ose in m ills w ith em p loym en t of 5 0 -2 4 9 . In the th ree reg io n s w here co m p a riso n s could be m ad e, w o rk ers in m ills w ith em p loym en t of 250 or m o re had su b sta n tia lly higher earn in gs than th ose in sm a lle r e sta b lish m e n ts. In both m etro p o lita n and n on m etrop olitan a rea s w o rk ers a v era g ed $ 2 . 9 5 an hour, a l though som e v a ria tio n s am ong the reg io n s w ere reco rd ed . A verage hou rly ea rn in gs in M iddle A tlantic m etro p o lita n a rea s ex ceed ed th ose in sm a lle r co m m u n ities by 15 cen ts; in the S ou th east, n on m etrop olitan earn in gs avera g ed 9 cen ts higher than th ose in m e tr o p olitan a r e a s . In both N ew England and the P a c ific reg io n s a v era g es w ere the sam e for the two co m m u n ity -size groups and in the Southw est and G reat L a k es, d i f f e r e n c e s am ounted to 4 cen ts. Individual earn in gs of 95 p ercen t of the w o rk ers co v ered by the study ranged from $2 to $ 4 an hour; the m iddle h alf fe ll b e tw een $ 2 . 5 9 and $ 3 . 2 4 (table 2). O n e-six th of the w o rk ers earn ed $ 3 . 5 0 or m o r e , and as the follow in g tabulation in d ic a te s, th is p r o p ortion w as h ig h est in p u lp m ills and lo w e st in p a p e r m ills. Percent of production workers earning specified amounts of pay in— Average hourly earnings T o tal---------------Under $2. 00 $2. 50 $3. 00 $3. 50 $4. 00 $2. 0 0 ---------------and under $2. 50— and under $3. 00-and under $3. 50-and under $4. 00— and ov er------------- All Pulp mills mills Papermills 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.7 14.3 48.6 21.6 11.6 3.2 2.6 16. 1 42. 1 19.8 15. 7 3.7 1.3 14.4 46.4 21. 3 13.2 3. 4 0. 1 3.4 40.9 27.3 23.6 4.5 Paperboard mills NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. The 29, 506 production w o rk ers em p loyed in co n v erted paper products departm en ts a v era g ed $ 2 . 7 2 an hour (table 6). M en, a c counting for sev en -ten th s of th ese w o rk e rs, a v era g ed $ 2 . 8 0 , com p ared w ith $ 2 . 5 0 for w om en. R eg ion a lly , the P a cific had the h ig h e s t a v era g e, $ 2 . 9 7 ; a v era g es in the other reg io n s ranged from $ 2 . 4 3 in New England to $ 2 . 7 7 in the S ou theast. O ccupational E arn ings W orkers in the 47 occu p ation s for w hich hou rly earn in gs are p r esen te d in table 7 co n stitu ted slig h tly m o re than tw o -fifth s of the in d u stry ’s production w o r k e r em p loym en t, e x c lu siv e of w o rk ers in co n v erted paper p ro d ucts d ep a rtm en ts. A v era g es r a n g e d from $ 2 . 5 0 for j a n i t o r s to $ 3 . 7 0 for r e c o v e r y o p er a to r s, sulphate p r o c e s s . A v era g es for m o st of the ind ividu al occu pations p erm ittin g co m p a riso n s for a ll reg io n s w ere h ig h est in the P a c ific and lo w e st in New E ngland. E x cep tio n s, for ex a m p le, w ere hyd rapu lp ers who a v era g ed $ 2 . 5 5 in New England com p ared w ith $ 2 . 4 4 in the Sou thw est, and crane o p era to rs who av era g ed $ 3 . 7 7 in the Sou theast, 43 cen ts m ore an hour than th eir co u n ter p arts in the P a cific reg io n . Am ong pulpm aking d e p a r t m e n t jo b s, cooks a v eraged $ 3 . 6 2 an hour; b lea ch erm en , $ 3 . 4 3 ; c o o k s ’ fir s t h e l p e r s , $ 3 . 0 7 ; and g r i n d e r m e n , $ 2 . 7 8 . W here co m p a riso n s could be m ad e, w age rela tio n sh ip s by pulpm aking p r o c e s s , e. g. , su lp h ate, su lp h ite, w e r e not c o n siste n t. B lea ch erm en on the sulphate p r o c e s s , for ex a m p le, a v eraged 16 cen ts m ore an hour than th ose on the sulphite p r o c e ss in the M iddle A tlantic region and 25 cen ts an hour le s s in the G reat L akes reg io n . N in e-ten th s of the w o rk ers in pu lp m aking jobs w ere in p a p e r and paperboard m ills . 5 A m o n g m a ch in e-ro o m j o b s , p a p erm ach in e ten d ers av era g ed $3.62; back te n d e r s, $3.27; third h a n d s , $3; fourth h a n d s, $ 2 . 8 0 ; and fifth hands, $ 2 . 7 3 . T ogeth er, th ese o c cupations accounted for a lm o st 2 1 ,0 0 0 w o rk e r s . E arn in gs in m a ch in e-ro o m jobs v a rie d co n sid era b ly accord in g to w idth of m achin e and the types of paper or paperboard p r o duced (table 11). T hus, the n ational average for ten d ers of paper m a ch in es up to 100 in ch es w ide w as $ 3 . 0 5 ; for m a ch in es 101 to 150 in ch es, $ 3 . 4 9 ; 151 to 200 in ch es, $ 4 . 0 8 ; and over 200 in ch es, $ 4 . 7 0 . W ithin the la tter m a ch in e-w id th group, a v era g es for p a p erm achin e ten d ers ranged from $ 4 . 4 4 for fine gra d es of paper to $ 5 . 2 0 for n ew sp rin t and groundw ood. M illw rig h ts, the m o st nu m erou s of the m ain ten an ce w o rk ers stud ied se p a ra te ly , a v era g ed $ 3 . 4 8 . M aintenance m a ch in ists a v e r aged $ 3 . 5 0 , and e le c tr ic ia n s and p ip efitters a v era g ed $ 3 . 5 6 . P ow er tr u c k e r s, m o stly fo rk lift o p er a to r s, a veraged $ 2 . 7 4 . F or a large m a jo rity of the occu pations that p erm itted co m p a riso n s, national a v era g es in sep a ra te p u lp m ills ex ceed ed a v era g es in paper and paperboard m ills (tab les 8, 9, and 10). H ow ever, in the P a cific and Southeast reg io n s, som e occu p ation al a v era g es in paper and pap erb oard m ills w ere as high or higher than th ose in sep arate p u lp m ills. W orkers in p a p erm ill jobs g en e ra lly av era g ed m ore than th eir coun terp arts in paperboard m ills in a ll region s ex cep t the Sou theast. O c c u p a t i o n a l a v era g es w ere u su a lly higher in non m etropolitan a rea s than in the la r g e r com m u n ities and higher in m ills that em p loyed 1 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s or m o re than in sm a lle r m ills (tables 12 and 13). The h igher pay p o sitio n for w o rk ers in la rg e m ills a lso held w hen co m p a riso n s w ere d irec ted to the sam e com m un ity s iz e (table 14). Individual earn in gs of w o rk ers in the o c cupations for w hich sep a ra te data are p r e sen ted in ta b les 15 through 21, tended to be con cen trated w ithin co m p a ra tiv ely n a r r o w lim its . F or e x a m p l e , in ea ch reg io n for w hich sep a ra te data are show n, hou rly e a r n ings of a m a jo rity of the cran e o p era to rs; co o k s, sulphate p r o c e s s ; grin d erm en ; and ja n ito rs fe ll w ithin 30 -cen t ran ges or le s s . E x t e n s i v e c o lle c tiv e bargaining a g reem en t co v era g e and the w id esp rea d u se of s in g le rate w age sy ste m s are am ong the fa cto rs c o n t r ib u t in g to the co m p a ra tiv ely narrow range of ea rn in gs for w o rk ers p erfo rm in g sim ila r ta sk s. E sta b lish m en t P r a c tic e s and Supplem entary W age P ro v isio n s D ata w ere obtained a lso for production w o rk ers 12 on w ork sc h e d u le s, sh ift p r a c tic e s , and s e le c te d su p p lem en tary b en efits including paid holidays and v a ca tio n s; life in su ra n ce; sic k n e ss and a ccid en t in su ran ce; h o sp ita liz a tion, su r g ic a l, and m ed ica l b e n efits; and r e tirem en t p la n s. Scheduled W eekly H o u rs. A w ork sc h e d ule of 40 hours a w eek w as in effe c t in m ills that em p loyed tw o -th ird s of the industry* s production w o rk ers in O ctober 1967 (table 23). M ills that em p loyed m o st of the rem aining w o rk ers rep o rted 42 or 48 hours as th eir predom inant sch ed u le. A m a jo rity of p r o duction w o rk ers w ere sch ed u led to w ork 40 hours a w eek in a ll r eg io n s, ex cep t the M iddle A tla n tic. In that reg io n , 4 0 -hour sch ed u les applied to slig h tly le s s than tw o -fifth s of the w o rk ers and 4 2 - and 4 8 -hour sch ed u les each applied to n e a r ly o n e-fo u rth . Shift D ifferen tia l P r a c tic e s . N ea rly a ll esta b lish m en ts in the in d u stry m ain tained o p era tio n s on a 24-hou r b a sis by operatin g th ree rotating sh ifts. A lm o st tw o -th ird s of a ll p r o duction w o rk ers w ere a ssig n e d to th ese r o tating sh ifts on w hich em p lo y ees p e rio d ic a lly w orked day, e v e n i n g , and night sch ed u les 15 (table 24). W orkers on evening sch ed u les g en e ra lly r e c e iv e d from 6 to 9 cen ts an hour above day ra tes and th ose on night sch ed u les u su a lly r e c e iv e d from 9 to 16 cen ts. 14 Shift d ifferen tia ls v a ried by reg io n . F or ex a m p le, even in g ra tes w ere ty p ica lly 6 or 7 cen ts an hour above day ra tes in the Sou theast and Southw est but 9 cen ts above day ra tes in the P a cific region . F or night sc h e d u les, sh ift d ifferen tia ls w ere u su a lly 9 or 10 cen ts an hour in the Sou theast and Southw est and 15 cen ts in the P a c ific . V irtu a lly a ll e s ta b lis h m en ts op erated one or m o re fix ed sh ifts in addition to rotating sh ifts; fix ed sh ift w o rk e rs, accounting for about o n e-th ird of the in d u s tr y 's w ork fo r c e , w ere a ssig n e d m o stly to day sch e d u les. In m o st m ills , w o rk ers in p r o c e ssin g jobs w ere a s s i g n e d to rotating sh ifts, and m ain ten an ce and other in d irect labor to fix ed sh ifts. 12 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage benefits relate to all production workers, including those in con verted paper products departments. 13 In nearly all mills, workers assigned to rotating shifts changed shifts every week. A few mills changed shifts at other intervals, most commonly every 2 weeks. 14 A few mills paid the same differential to all workers on rotating shifts, regardless of the schedule worked. P a id H o lid a y s. P aid h o lid a y s, u su a lly a ll production w o rk ers (table 25). P ro v isio n s for 8 paid holidays a year w ere predom inant in ea ch of the s e le c te d reg io n s. H ow ever, su b stan tia l p rop ortion s of the w o rk ers in a ll r e g io n s, ex cep t the P a c ific , w ere provided 7 or 9 paid h olid ays a y ea r. P a id V a ca tio n s. P a id v a ca tio n s, after qualifying p erio d s of s e r v ic e , w ere p rovided by a ll m ills stu d ied (table 26). V acation pay p r o v isio n s ty p ica l in a ll reg io n s w ere 1 w eek after 1 year of s e r v ic e , 2 w eek s after 3 y e a r s , 3 w eek s after 10 y e a r s, 4 w eek s after 20 y e a r s , and 5 w eek s after 25 y e a r s . P r o v isio n s for 6 w eek s' pay after 30 y ea rs of s e r v ic e , applying to o n e-fo u rth of the p rod u c tion w o rk e rs, w ere rep orted in ea ch of the reg io n s, ex cep t the P a c ific . H ealth, In su ran ce, and R etirem en t P la n s . L ife, h o sp ita liza tio n , and su rg ica l in su ra n ce, for w hich em p lo y ers paid at le a st part of the c o st, w ere a v ailab le to n ea r ly a ll production w o rk ers (table 27). S ick n ess and accid en t in su ran ce applied to about 95 p ercen t; m ed ica l in su ra n ce, to slig h tly m o re than n in e-ten th s; and a c c i d e n t a l death and d ism em b erm en t p la n s, to about th r e e -fo u r th s. C atastrophe (m ajor m ed ica l in su ran ce) co v ered a p p roxi m a tely th r e e -fifth s of the w o rk e rs. The in cid en ce of m o st health and in su ran ce plans did not v a ry g r ea tly am ong r eg io n s. A notable ex cep tio n w as catastrop h e in su ra n ce, w hich 8 days annually, w ere provid ed for v irtu a lly co v ered a lm o st a ll w o rk ers in the P a c ific region but le s s than half of th ose in the South ea st, Southw est, and M iddle A tlan tic. H o sp ita liza tio n , su r g ic a l, a n d m ed ica l in su ran ce plans co v erin g em p lo y ees and th eir dependents w ere a v aila b le to a la rg e m a jo rity of the w ork fo r c e . Such plans u su a lly w ere finan ced jo in tly by the em p lo y er and em p lo y e e s . P la n s co v erin g the em p lo y ees only a l m o st alw ays w ere f i n a n c e d w h olly by the em p lo y er. P en sio n p la n s, providin g for reg u la r p a y m en ts to r e tir e e s (other than F ed e ra l so c ia l se c u r ity b e n efits), w ere p rovid ed to m ore than 95 p ercen t of the w o rk e rs. F or the m o st p art, such plans w ere finan ced w h olly by the em p lo y er. O ther S e lec ted B e n e fits. P a id fu neral lea v e w as provid ed by m ills em p loying a lm o st a ll of the production w o rk ers (table 28). P r o v isio n s for paid ju ry -d u ty lea v e applied to sev en -ten th s of the w o r k e r s in the G reat L akes reg io n and to at le a s t n in e-ten th s in the other five reg io n s. P ro v isio n s for s e v era n ce pay to em p lo y ees p erm an en tly s e p a rated from the com pany through no fault of th eir own, as in the c a se of a plant or d e partm ent c lo sin g , applied to a lm o st th r e e tenths of the production w o r k e r s. Am ong the reg io n s, sev era n c e pay w as m o st com m on in the Southw est, w h ere it w as availab le to sev en -ten th s of the w o rk e rs. Table 1. Average Hourly Earnings: By Selected Characteristics (Num ber and a verage s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs 1 o f production w o r k e r s in pulp, p aper, and pap erb oard m ills by s e le c te d c h a r a c te r is tic s , U nited States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O cto b er 1967) United States Num ber of w o rk ers Item 2 A v e ra g e hourly earnings N ew England M id d le A tla n tic N um ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge h ou rly earnings N um ber of w o rk e rs $ 2 . 68 2 . 69 2. 33 _ Southeast Southwest G re a t L ak es P a c ific A vera ge h ou rly earnings N um ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge h ou rly earnings N um ber of w o rk e rs A verage h ou rly earnings N um ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge h ou rly earnings 41,843 41,059 784 $3. 11 3. 12 2 . 55 13,002 12,835 167 $3. 11 3. 12 2. 71 44,235 42,273 $2. 85 2. 87 2.48 15,921 15,865 56 $3. 39 3. 39 2.75 A verage h ou rly earnings N u m ber of w o rk e rs 21,743 21,333 410 $ 2 . 79 2 . 79 2 . 62 A l l m ills A l l p rodu ction w o rk e rs ---------------------------------M e n ----------------------------------------------------------W om en -----------------------------------------------------Typ e o f m ill 168,413 164,185 4,228 $2.95 2.96 2.49 26,832 26,045 787 6,406 113,403 48,604 3. 17 2. 94 2.94 _ 23,715 69 2. 56 _ 16,224 5,519 _ 2. 87 2. 55 3,558 20,734 17,551 3. 15 3. 08 3. 13 . 7,406 5, 596 _ 3. 14 3.06 _ 34,210 9,812 2 . 88 2 , 2 10 8 , 663 2 ,692 2. 72 5, 048 3. 36 3. 39 3. 39 68,650 99,763 2.95 2.95 9,974 16,858 2 . 68 2 . 68 14,078 7, 665 2. 2. 84 69 15,132 26,711 3. 05 3. 14 9, 3,794 208 3. 14 3. 10 15,744 28,491 2 . 82 2 . 86 9, 395 6 , 526 3. 39 3. 39 22,862 70,418 75,133 2. 56 2. 97 3. 04 4,653 12, 254 9,925 2. 2. 2. 2. _ 14,000 26,107 _ 3. 17 3. 13 _ 4,084 8 , 774 _ 3.02 3. 15 6 , 267 21,487 16,481 2. 53 2. 84 . 8,896 5. 345 _ 3. 37 3. 44 1 ,9 62 3 P u lp m ills -------------------------------------------------------P a p e r m ills ----------------------------------------------------P a p e rb o a rd m ills ------------------------------------------ 2. - S ize o f com m unity M etro p o lita n a rea s 4 --------------------------------------N o n m etrop olita n a rea s ---------------------------------S ize o f m ill 50-249 w o rk e rs ---------------------------------------------250-999 w o rk e rs ------------------------------------------1 , 0 0 0 w o rk e rs o r m o re --------------------------------- 49 72 2. 71 6, 8, 6, 860 242 641 61 81 2.95 2.9 8 1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid a ys, and late sh ifts. E arn in gs data fo r an e stim a ted 29,506 w o rk e rs in co n verted paper products departm ents a re excluded fr o m this tabulation and are presen ted s ep a ra tely in table 6 . 2 Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown s ep a ra tely. 3 F o r p u rposes o f this study, data fo r pu lpm ills a re lim ited to w o rk e rs em p loyed in sep arate pulpm aking esta b lish m en ts; data fo r p a p er and p ap erb o a rd m ills include w o rk e rs in pulpm aking d epartm en ts o f these m ills . 4 Standard M etro p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A re a s as defined by the U. S. Bureau o f the Budget through A p r il 1967. N O TE: Dashes in dicate no data rep o rted or data that do not m eet pu blication c r ite r ia . Table 2. Earnings Distribution: 00 All Mills (P e r c e n t d istribu tion o f production w o rk e rs in pulp, p a p er, and p a p erb oa rd m ills by a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e hourly earn in gs, 1 United States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O ctob er 1967) United States 2 A v e r a g e h ou rly e a rn in g s 1 T o ta l Men Women N ew England Under $ 1.90 -----------------------------$ 1 . 9 0 and under $ 2 . 0 0 -------------- 0 .8 .5 .3 $ 2. 00 $ 2.1 0 $2. 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2. 40 and and and and and under under under under under $2 .1 0 $ 2 . 20 $2. 30 $ 2. 40 $ 2. 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------ .8 1.5 3. 3 3. 6 5. 2 .8 1.4 3.0 3. 6 5. 0 3. 1 4. 5 13.0 7. 4 11.9 12.0 $2. 50 $ 2. 60 $2.70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2. 90 and and and and and under under under under under $2. 60 $ 2. 70 $2 .8 0 $ 2 . 90 $ 3. 00 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 10.9 10. 2 10. 1 8. 5 6. 7 10. 6 6. 8 23. 0 11.7 7. 3 3.9 2. 3 12. 9. 8. 7. 5. $ 3. $ 3. $3. $ 3. $ 3. and and and and and under under under under under $ 3. $ 3. $3. $ 3. $ 3. ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. 8 5. 3 4. 2 3. 2 2. 8 5.9 5. 4 4. 3 3. 3 2. 8 1.7 .9 .4 .4 .6 2. 4 .1 .1 .5 .1 .1 00 10 20 30 40 $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. 50 60 70 80 90 $4. 00 and and and and and under under under under under 10 20 30 40 50 $ 3. 60 $3 .7 0 $ 3. 80 $ 3. 90 $4. 00 ------------------------------------------------------------------ and o v e r --------------------------- 2. 3 2. 1 2.9 3. 5 2. 4 3. 4 T o t a l--------------------------------- 100.0 Num ber o f w o rk e rs -------------------A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings 1 ----------- 168,413 $ 2 .9 5 1 2 3 10. 2 10. 1 8. 6 5. 2. 1 3. 0 3. 6 2. 5 164,185 $2. 96 .5 0 .8 1.2 1 .6 .8 .8 1.4 .5 G reat Lakes P a c ific (3) 0. 5 ( 3) 0 .4 ( 3) .4 .5 _ _ _ _ 1.7 .6 1.6 12. 5 9 .0 9 .8 7. 5 5. 5 16. 5 7 .9 11.4 6. 3 4.9 10. 4 14. 2 14.0 11. 2 7. 8 .5 9. 2 11.4 1.5 5.0 5.0 3. 6 2. 3 1.5 5. 4. 4. 3. 2. 3 1 5 4 4 4. 8 4. 5 4 .0 3. 1 3. 1 5. 7 5. 5 3. 8 3. 1 3.9 13. 0 12. 6 9 .5 5. 8 4. 7 1. 1 1.0 2. 4 .5 .3 .1 1. 3 1.5 .7 .3 2. 5 2. 2 7. 6 8. 8 2.9 2. 6 2.9 4. 3 10. 7 1.9 2. 4 1. 5 .9 .7 .4 3. 7 3. 1 7 6 5 5 1 3.9 3. 5 1 .8 2. 6 4. 7 6. 5 8. 1 12. 4 15.0 10. 5 7. 8 6. 7 1.0 1.6 _ 0. 1 1.8 1.7 13. 7 9 .4 5.0 6. 0 100.0 1 00.0 100.0 1 00.0 100 .0 100.0 4,228 $2.49 26,832 $ 2 . 68 21,743 $2 .7 9 41,843 $3. 11 13,002 $3. 11 44,235 $2. 85 15,921 $3. 39 1. 1 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown sep a ra tely. L e s s than 0.05 p ercen t. NOTE: 0. 2 .8 Southwest .4 1. 3 2.9 3. 6 5. 3 1 .8 4. 1 8. 7 9 .4 _ Southeast 100.0 3.5 100.0 1. 2 1 .0 8 0 .8 M id d le A tla n tic B ecau se o f rounding, sums o f in dividu al item s m ay not equal 100. 2. 4 .7 Table 3. Earnings Distribution: Pulpmills Table 4. (P e r c e n t distrib u tion o f produ ction w o rk ers by avera ge s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in gs, 1 United States and sele c te d re g io n s , O ctober 1967) A v e r a g e h ou rly e a rn in g s 1 United States United States 2 Southeast $2. 50 $2. 60 $2 .7 0 $ 2 . 80 $ 2.90 $ 3. 00 $ 3.10 $3. 20 $3. 30 $ 3. 40 $3. 50 $ 3. 60 $ 3. 70 $ 3. 80 $ 3.90 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under $ 4. 00 and o v e r $2. 60 $2. 70 $ 2 .80 $ 2 . 90 $ 3.00 $3.10 $ 3. 20 $3. 30 $3.40 $ 3. 50 - ------------------------------- 3. 5 9. 3 5. 2 7. 4 10. 9 8. 1 7. 5 6. 2 5. 4 5. 4 2. 8 ------------------------------- P a c ific A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings 14. 6 7. 0 10. 8 11. 5 6.9 4. 4 4. 7 4. 1 4.9 1. 4 3. 4 1. 3 1. 3 17. 6 1.9 ------------------- 4. 5 4. 0 T o t a l ------------------------- 10. 5 11. 2 14. 1 9. 6 8. 5 7. 6 5. 7 4. 7 2. 8 1.9 1. 7 14. 9 6. 7 100. 0 100 .0 100 .0 6, 3,558 $3. 15 2 , 210 406 $3. 17 1 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e on w eekends, h olid a ys, and la te shifts. > t i i r ______ 2 ___ ~ J.J $3. 36 and fo r w ork sep a ra te ly . 3 L e s s than 0. 05 p ercen t. N O T E : B ecau se of rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not equal 1 0 0 . M en 0. 5 .2 W om en 0. 5 .1 0. 3 4. 5 N ew England M id d le A tla n tic 1 .4 .5 _ Southeast Southwest 1. 1 .2 G reat Lakes ( 3) 0. 1 0. 1 . .3 2 P a c ific _ 0. 2 ( 3) 3. 6 1.9 1. 5 10. 5 6. 2 N um ber o f w o rk e rs ------------A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings 1 — 2 1 T o ta l ------------------------------- $3. 60 $ 3. 70 $ 3. 80 $ 3. 90 $4.00 Papermills (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f p rodu ction w o rk e rs by a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in gs, 1 United States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O cto b er 1967) U nder $ 1.90 --------------------$ 1 . 9 0 and under $ 2 . 0 0 -----Under $2. 5 0 -------------------- Earnings Distribution: $ 2 . 00 $ 2 . 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 1 0 -----$ 2 . 2 0 -----$2. 30-----$ 2 .4 0 -----$ 2 .5 0 ------ .6 1. 3 3. 2 3. 6 5. 6 $2. 50 $ 2 . 60 $ 2. 70 $2 .8 0 $ 2 . 90 and and and and and under under under under under $2. 60-----$ 2 .7 0 -----$ 2 .8 0 -----$ 2 . 9 0 -----$ 3 .0 0 ------ 10. 4 11. 2 10.9 9.0 7. 1 $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3. 10-----$ 3. 20-----$ 3. 30-----$ 3 .4 0 -----$ 3. 50------ 5. 5. 4. 3. 3. $ 3. $ 3. $3. $ 3. $3. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 .6 0 -----$ 3 .7 0 -----$3. 80-----$ 3 .9 0 -----$4. 00------ 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. $4. 00 .5 . 1 .6 3.0 5. 7 7. 2 1.0 .8 1.0 2. 6 .7 2. 3 .6 2. 1 5 7 2 10. 7 15. 3 11. 6 8. 4 7. 8 13. 1 9.9 9. 3 6.9 5. 7 13. 1 7. 3 11. 3 6. 3 6. 0 4. 1 3. 6 1.9 2.9 1. 6 5. 7 5. 6 4. 2 2. 8 1.9 5.9 4.0 4. 7 3. 2 2. 2 4. 5. 4. 3. 3. 0 3 9 3 3 1. 3 2. 1 2. 6 8. 7 6 .8 3. 2. 3. 10. 2. 1 7 9 7 3. 5 5. 3 3. 1 4. 4 14.9 7. 5 12.9 1. 7 3. 6 8. 4 9. 1 12. 1 9.9 11. 1 11. 1 9. 2 7. 3 24. 7 12.4 7. 4 2. 7 1. 6 12. 9. 8. 7. 5. 8 6. 0 4 3 1 0 5. 5 4. 4 3. 2 3.0 1. 0 .8 3 3 7 5 2. 4 2. 4 2. 8 8 1.9 1. 2 2.8 2.6 3. 3 .4 .5 .1 . . . . _ 2 1 1 2 - 3 2 1. 1 2. 7 .5 .4 .1 0 1. 8 2. 0 .9 .4 3. 2 .9 2. 7 4. 5 1 .8 2. 2 2. 1 3.7 9 .4 15. 1 15. 6 12. 0 8.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ 0. 6 9.7 12. 2 5.9 5. 4 4. 1 3.0 4. 5 12.0 13. 6 2. 7 1. 7 3. 4 3.0 1. 6 1. 3 11. 8 1 .0 .8 .5 9 .5 5.7 4.0 and o v e r ---------------- 3. 2 6.9 .9 11. 6 T o t a l ----------------------- 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 1 00.0 100. 0 100 .0 100. 0 100 .0 100 .0 N um ber o f w o rk e rs ----------A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings 1 -- 113,403 $ 2 .9 4 109,760 $2 .9 5 3, 643 $2. 48 23,715 $ 2 . 69 16,224 $2. 87 20,734 $3.08 7,406 $3. 14 34,210 $ 2 . 88 1 2 3 1. 3 8 , 663 $3. 39 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w eeken ds, h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts. Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown s e p a ra te ly . L e s s than 0.0 5 p ercen t. N O TE : B ecau se of rounding, sums o f in dividu al item s m ay not equal 100. (0 Table 5. Earnings Distribution: Paperboard Mills (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n of production w o rk ers by a vera ge s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in gs, United States A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings 2 1 T o ta l Men Women N ew England 1 o United States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O cto b er 1967) M id d le A tla n tic Southeast Southwest G rea t Lakes U nder $1 .9 0 -------------------------------$ 1.90 and under $ 2 . 0 0 ---------------- 1. 5 1. 1 1. 5 .9 5.8 14. 1 ( 3) 0. 7 0. 6 0. 5 .9 0. 1 ( 3) 3. 0 1. 2 0. 8 $ 2. 00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2. 30 $2. 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2 . 30 $ 2.40 $ 2 . 50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. 5 1.9 3. 7 4. 1 4.9 1. 5 1.9 3. 7 4. 1 4.9 3.0 4.9 3. 3 6. 8 1.2 6. 5 6.2 9. 6 11.6 12. 2 4. 5 4. 5 9 .8 8. 8 10. 6 .8 .9 2. 3 1. 3 1. 0 .9 .1 .6 .5 .9 3. 0 5. 1 8. 6 10. 9 $2. 50 $2. 60 $2. 70 $ 2.80 $ 2.90 and and and and and under under under under under $2. 60 $2. 70 $2. 80 $ 2 .9 0 $3 .0 0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 7 3 2 5 12.4 8. 7 8. 4 7. 1 5. 5 12. 5 7.4 6.4 10. 6 5.8 14. 12. 8. 5. 5. 17. 14. 7. 6. 3. $ 3. $ 3. $3. $ 3. $ 3. 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3. $ 3. $3. $ 3. $ 3. 10 20 30 40 50 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. 6 4.9 3.9 3. 0 2. 4 5. 6 5.0 3.9 3. 1 2. 3 5.7 $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $4. 6 0 ----------------70 ----------------80 ---------------90 ---------------00 ---------------- $4. 00 12. 8. 8. 7. 5. 9 7 5 8 1 2. 5 3. 2 1 .8 .4 3.9 1.0 .4 .1 3. 3. 1. . . 5 2 3 1 4 2 1 8 7 4 1.0 3 4 21. 1 8. 6 2 P a c ific . _ _ _ _ - . 11. 5 6. 3 3. 4 14. 1 10. 8 8. 7 8. 1 7. 1 .6 7. 6 9.9 0 3 4 7 5. 8 3. 5 2. 8 2.9 2. 7 5. 0 5. 6 2. 8 3. 6 1. 7 14. 2 12. 3 9.9 5. 2 5. 5 2. 7 1.9 7. 5 9. 3 3. 4 1.9 3. 1 4. 8 10. 7 1. 7 1 .4 .7 .5 . 3 . 1 3. 8 3. 3 2. 1 2. 3 16. 4 11. 8. 10. 7. 5. 4 0 4. 4. 4. 3. 2. 8 0. 2 2.0 2. 1 _ 1. 6 1. 6 - 3. 7 5.0 3. 4 3. 7 5.0 3. 4 2.8 and o v e r ---------------------------- 3. 7 3. 7 . T o ta l ----------------------------------- 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 1 00.0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 N um ber o f w o rk e rs ---------------------A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings 1 ------------- 48,604 $ 2 .9 4 48,038 $ 2.95 566 $2. 56 2,6 92 $2. 56 5,519 $2. 55 17,551 $3. 13 5,596 $3. 06 9,812 $2. 72 5,048 $3. 39 1 2 3 .2 .9 Because o f rounding, sums o f in dividu al item s m ay not equal 100. .1 .2 - “ . E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and la te sh ifts. Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown sep a ra tely. L e s s than 0.05 p ercen t. NOTE: 1. 0 .2 1 . 1 5. 8 4. 7 . 2 6. 7 Table 6. Earnings Distribution: Paper and Paperboard Mills----Converted Paper Products Departments 1 (P e r c e n t distribu tion o f production w o rk ers by a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly e a rn in g s , 2 United States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O cto b er 1967) United States A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs T o ta l Men Under $1. 8 0 -----------------------------$ 1.80 and under $ 1 . 9 0 -------------$ 1 . 9 0 and under $ 2 . 0 0 -------------- 0. 2 .6 1.8 (4) .9 1. 8 4.9 1. 1 2. 6 2.8 2. 2 4. 7 5. 8 . - - 6 .6 - 0. 6 .2 .8 8.9 3 7.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 8 .0 .2 1. 1 1.9 26. 2 12. 6 8. 3 2. 1 5. 6 9. 6 19.6 14.7 12. 2 7.0 1. 3 .3 4. 4 3. 1 2.9 11.4 11.4 9. 3 15. 1 6. 1 1. 6 13.7 12. 6 10. 5 7. 1 3.4 6.8 1. 2 3. 5 .9 1. 6 .9 .8 5. 8 4. 5 3. 2 2. 8 1. 5 1.0 .3 .3 .4 .4 2. 7 1. 1 1. 8 1.1 1.0 1 2. 5 1.9 .1 .3 .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 15. 5 13. 6 12. 5 9.9 7. 1 $ 3. 00 $ 3 .10 $3. 20 $ 3. 30 $3.40 and and and and and under under under under under $3.10 $ 3. 20 $3. 30 $ 3. 40 $ 3 .50 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. 2 3.9 2. 7 $ 3. 50 $ 3. 60 $ 3. 70 $ 3. 80 $ 3 .90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3.60 $ 3.70 $ 3. 80 $ 3.90 $4.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. 3 .7 .7 .3 .4 $4. and o v e r --------------------------- .5 .7 0. 7 .3 7. 1 7. 4 4 .9 5. 1 4. 4 $2. 60 $ 2. 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2 . 90 $ 3. 00 5. 3 3. 7 2. 2 1.4 .3 .2 . 3 - _ 1.8 .2 .2 .5 .9 1. 3 .8 - _ . 6 . - 34.7 16.5 10.0 8 .8 4. 7 3. 2 3.0 2. 4 1.6 8. .8 .7 .1 2.9 3. 6 8.0 1.0 .6 - .7 .3 .1 (4) .2 _ . .2 .6 2. 3 1 P a c ific .1 .1 .3 (4) 5. 1 22. 1 17. 8 18. 8 12. 2 9 .6 3.9 2. 2 1.7 .9 .8 .9 .3 1 .1 1.5 100.0 100 .0 100. 0 100. 0 1 00.0 100.0 1 00.0 1 00.0 100 .0 29,506 $2. 72 21,173 $ 2 . 80 , 333 $2. 50 3,034 $2. 43 5,625 $2. 72 6,984 $2. 77 1,514 $2. 50 7,635 $ 2 . 69 4, 363 $2.97 8 E arnings data fo r w o rk e rs in these departm ents a re excluded fro m tables 1 through 5. E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid a ys, and late sh ifts. Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown sep a ra tely. L e s s than 0 .05 p ercen t. N O TE : 0 .9 .1 .7 26. 6 11.0 under under under under under 3 4 . 0. 1 11.1 14. 6 and and and and and 1 2 11.0 Southwest 4. 1 5.9 $2. 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2.70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2. 90 T o ta l -------------------------------- 4. 2 5. 2 G rea t Lakes Southeast .7 4. 8 5.0 7. 6 11.7 $ 2 . 10 -------------$ 2 . 20 -------------$2. 3 0 -------------$2. 40 -------------$2. 50 -------------- N um ber of w o rk e rs -------------------A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings 2 ----------- . 0. 6 2.0 M id d le A tla n tic 7. 4 9 .7 6. 4 15. 1 6. 5 under under under under under 1 .0 N ew England 3. 5 10.7 4. 2 6. 2 5. 5 and and and and and 1.6 1 .0 W om en 0. 1 $ 2 . 00 $ 2.1 0 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 00 3 2 B ecau se o f rounding, sums o f individual item s m ay not equal 100, Table 7. Occupational Averages: 10 All Mills (N u m ber and a vera g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earnings 1 o f production w o rk e rs in s e le c te d occupations in pulp, p a p er, and p a p erb o a rd m ills , United States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O ctob er 1967) United States D epartm ent, occupation, and sex Num ber of w o rk e rs 2 A v e ra g e hourly earnings New England Num ber of w o rk ers A verage h ou rly earn in gs M id d le A tla n tic N um ber of w o rk e rs A v e ra g e h ou rly earnings Southeast N um ber of w o rk e rs Southwest A v e ra g e h ou rly earnings N um ber of w o rk e rs G re a t Lakes A v e ra g e h ou rly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs P a c ific A v e ra g e h ou rly earn in gs N um ber of w o rk e rs A v e ra g e h ou rly earn in gs Pulp W ood yard and w ood p rep a ra tio n : Crane o p e ra to rs (a ll m e n ) ______________________ B a rk e rs , drum (a ll m e n )________________________ B a rk e rs , h yd ra u lic (a ll m e n )____________________ S aw yers (a ll m en ) __ _____________________________ C h ipperm en (a ll m e n ) ____________________________ K n ife g rin d e rs (a ll m e n )----- -------- ------------Pulpm akin g: Cooks 3 (a ll m e n ) _________________________________ Sulphate p r o c e s s ______________________________ Sulphite p ro c e s s ___________________________ __ C ook h e lp e rs , f i r s t 3 (a ll m e n ) _________________ Sulphate p r o c e s s ______________________________ Sulphite p ro c e s s ______________________________ G rin d erm en (a ll m e n ) ____________________________ B lo w -p it m en (su lp h ite) (a ll m e n )______________ W ash er o p e ra to rs (sulphate) (a ll m e n ) ________ S creen m en 3 (a ll m e n )____________________________ Sulphate p r o c e s s ______________________________ Sulphite p ro c e s s _______________________________ Groundwood p r o c e s s __________________________ B le a c h e rm e n 3 (a ll m e n )________________________ Sulphate p r o c e s s ______________________________ Sulphite p ro c e s s ______________________________ W et-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs 3 (a ll m e n )_____________ Sulphate p r o c e s s ____________ ________________ Sulphite p ro c e s s ______________________________ Groundwood p r o c e s s __________________________ Pulp te s te r s 3 (716 m en and 35 w o m en )_________ Sulphate p ro c e s s (432 m en and 23 w o m en ).. Sulphite p ro c e s s (174 m en and 12 w o m e n )__ R e c o v e r y , cau stic and acidm aking: A c id m a k e rs (su lp h ite) (a ll m e n )_______________ E v a p o ra to r o p e ra to rs (su lphate) (a ll m e n ) ____ R e c o v e r y o p e ra to rs (su lphate) (a ll m e n )_______ R e c o v e r y h e lp e rs , fir s t (sulphate) (a ll m en ) __ Caustic o p e ra to rs (c a u s tic is e r s ) (su lph ate) (a ll m e n ) _____________________________ L im e - k iln o p e ra to rs (su lphate) ( a l l m e n ) ______ 881 304 64 194 523 139 $3 .4 8 $2. 85 2. 37 2.45 2. 52 2. 74 57 27 9 29 14 804 505 224 785 559 184 782 159 385 522 254 162 84 544 309 141 243 53 67 751 455 186 3. 62 3. 76 3.45 3. 07 3. 12 2.96 2. 78 2. 85 3.44 3. 13 3. 25 3. 03 3. 02 3.43 3.61 3. 38 2. 78 3. 04 2 . 81 2.43 2 . 86 2.90 2 . 86 63 15 41 37 2.93 3. 12 3. 01 2. 67 2. 71 2.59 2.65 2. 38 2. 78 2. 58 2.57 2.42 2. 85 2. 74 2.75 2. 78 2.43 2.49 2. 51 2. 50 154 379 479 726 3. 25 3.44 3. 70 3. 17 23 27 35 32 2. 83 2.60 3. 01 2.71 366 332 3.40 3. 28 25 2 .6 6 22 2. 58 520 3.44 3.41 2.98 3. 14 3. 13 3. 31 3.62 2 . 98 3. 06 3. 07 113 62 8 3. 16 3. 03 2.91 267 165 _ - 2.99 - 106 2 .6 8 3. 15 2.95 2 . 82 3. 06 70 17 7 60 20 78 38 22 58 36 22 207 26 11 82 30 23 23 76 44 15 43 - 1 00 430 119 25 252 50 $3 .7 7 2. 74 2.69 2. 87 3. 13 270 238 12 3.91 3.93 3.74 3. 19 3. 20 3. 12 3.62 3.43 3.42 3.95 3. 98 3.69 3.69 2 . 86 2. 85 2 . 68 37 2. 74 191 204 391 3.62 3. 97 3. 24 57 65 115 3. 58 3. 95 3. 28 51 38 38 45 20 20 2. 87 2. 78 187 175 3. 56 3.41 43 38 3. 61 3.42 90 74 373 108 32 _ 42 3. 37 3.45 2. 84 3. 10 3. 07 2. 70 2. 76 70 3.97 3. 79 3. 86 3. 94 3.94 3. 84 3.43 91 27 - 3. 77 _ 4. 04 3. 57 3. 53 22 51 15 18 109 24 25 64 15 19 45 - 71 16 - - $2. 93 2. 50 2. 44 2.65 2.99 3. 3. 3. 2. 04 02 11 70 2 .66 2.6 8 2. 53 2 . 81 2. 76 3. 02 3. 17 3. 01 2.45 - 2.63 2. 75 - 12 328 300 92 208 141 125 - 128 1 20 - 32 32 228 199 99 30 48 16 $3. 75 2. 74 2.91 3. 05 146 81 14 72 80 17 60 3.91 3.91 3. 17 3. 17 3.62 3. 33 3. 34 4. 02 4. 02 - 109 38 64 60 - 80 80 54 48 40 - 32 32 - 64 60 - 2 . 90 2 . 92 ~ 1 02 38 60 182 50 38 98 18 46 26 124 42 43 119 36 36 125 41 54 $3. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 08 60 75 74 72 06 58 20 37 76 46 17 3. 30 3. 23 3. 33 2 . 89 2.76 2. 94 2.65 2. 78 2. 93 2. 85 2 . 82 2. 85 2. 85 3. 00 2. 94 3. 19 2.79 2 . 91 2. 56 2. 85 2 . 82 2.91 192 96 92 146 70 76 140 76 42 116 3. 09 72 46 22 86 104 40 60 _ 145 80 57 $3. 34 3. 01 3.43 3. 37 3. 13 3.41 3. 81 3. 80 3. 81 3. 17 3. 20 3. 14 3. 05 3. 06 3. 35 3. 35 3. 57 3.29 _ 3. 79 3. 88 3. 76 _ _ 3. 20 3. 23 3. 18 3. 14 2. 77 86 3. 50 3. 57 3. 6 8 3. 22 35 25 2.91 2 . 89 44 40 3. 54 3.39 199 3. 32 3.45 3. 02 3. 06 3. 09 3.46 3. 28 2.74 2 . 90 40 _ 132 23 _ _ 18 52 3. 97 _ _ 3.62 3. 81 _ _ 2 . 90 88 P a p e r and p a p erb oa rd Stock p rep a ra tio n : H ead stock p r e p a r e r s , group I 3 ( a l l m e n ) _____ Finft pradftfi . ... _ B o x b o a rd _______________________________________ Head stock p r e p a r e r s , group I I 3 ( a l l m e n ) ____ Fin e g r a d e s ______________ _____________________ S an itary t is s u e ________________________________ C o a rs e ( K r a f t ) ___________________________ S p ecia l in d u s tr ia l______________________________ C on tain er b o a r d _______________________________ B o x b o a rd --------------------------------------------------- See footn otes at end o f table. 292 64 1,461 496 106 119 89 213 308 - 40 2.9 2 2 .9 0 - 99 - 143 16 12 24 52 35 21 23 1 22 40 403 158 24 60 60 56 - 3. 60 3. 57 Table 7. Occupational Averages: All Mills— Continued (N u m ber and a vera ge s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs 1 of produ ction w o rk e rs in s e le c te d occupations in pulp, pap er, and p a p erb o a rd m ills , United States and s e le c te d reg io n s, O cto b er 1967) United States D epartm en t, occupation, and sex Num ber of w o rk e rs 2 A v e ra g e h ou rly earnings N ew England N um ber of w o rk e rs A v e ra g e h ou rly earnings M id d le A tla n tic N um ber of w o rk e rs A v e ra g e h ou rly earn in gs Southeast N um ber of w o rk e rs Southwest A verage h ou rly earn in gs N um ber of w o rk e rs G re a t Lakes A vera ge h ou rly earn in gs Num ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge h ou rly earn in gs P a c ific Num ber of w o rk ers A v e ra g e h ou rly earnings P a p e r 2pid p ap erb oard — Continued Stock p re p a ra tio n — Continued B ea term en 3 (a ll m e n )_______________________________ F in e gra d es _______________________________________ San itary tissu e ___________________________________ C o a rse ( K r a f t ) ____________________________________ S p ecia l in d u s tr ia l_________________________________ C on tain er b o a r d __________________________________ B oxboar d __________ __ __ __ _____ _ H ydrapu lper o p e ra to rs 3 (a ll m e n )_________________ F in e gra d es __________________________________ _____ S an itary t is s u e ___________________________________ C o a rse ( K r a f t ) __________________________________ _ C on tain er b o a r d __________________________________ B o x b o a rd _____ ___________________________________ M achine room : P a p e r-m a c h in e ten ders 3 (a ll m e n ) -------------------N e w s p rin t and groundwood _____________________ Fin e gra d es _______________________________________ S an itary tissu e ___________________________________ C o a rse ( K r a f t ) ____________________________________ S p ecia l in d u s tr ia l_________________________________ C on tain er b o a r d __________________________________ RnvhnarH B ack ten ders 3 (a ll m e n )____________________________ N ew sp rin t and grou n dw ood ______________________ Fine g r a d e s ___ __________________________________ S an itary t is s u e ___________________________________ C o a rse ( K r a f t ) ____________________________________ S p ecia l in d u s tr ia l_____________________ _____ __ C on tain er b o a r d __________________________________ B o x b o a rd __________________________________________ T h ird hands 3 (a ll m e n ) _____________________________ N ew sp rin t and grou n dw ood ______________________ Fin e g ra d es _______________________________________ S an itary tissu e ___________________________________ C o a rse ( K r a f t ) ____________________________________ S p ecia l in d u s tr ia l_________________________________ C on tain er b o a r d __________________________________ B o x b o a rd _________ _________________________________ Fou rth hands 3 (a ll m e n )____________________________ N ew sp rin t and grou n dw ood ______________________ Fin e g ra d es _______________________________________ S an itary t is s u e ___________________________________ C o a rs e ( K r a f t ) ____________________________________ S p ecia l in d u s tr ia l_________________________________ C on tain er b o a r d __________________________________ B o x b o a rd __________________________________________ F ifth hands 3 (a ll m e n ) ______________________________ N ew sp rin t and grou n dw ood _______ ______________ Fin e g r a d e s __ ___________ ______ ___ _________ __ ___ S an itary tissu e ___________________________________ C o a rse (K r a f t ) ____________________________________ C on tain er b o a r d __________________________________ B oxb oard ________________________________________ See footnotes at end o f table, 2,954 1 , 006 204 231 186 362 751 1,751 435 141 119 230 503 $2. 71 2. 75 2.63 3. 09 2.65 2. 70 2. 58 2. 63 2. 75 2. 95 2. 63 2 . 62 2. 37 4, 911 267 1,776 641 466 312 620 584 4, 884 3. 62 4 .6 3 3. 54 3. 6 8 4. 08 3. 25 3. 65 3.40 3. 27 4. 29 3. 19 3. 31 3. 6 8 2. 93 3. 28 3. 05 3* 00 3. 67 2 . 90 3. 10 3. 34 2.69 3. 05 2 . 82 2 . 80 3. 17 2. 75 2.97 3. 02 2. 58 2. 87 2. 58 2. 73 2 . 99 2. 74 2 . 82 2 . 82 2.79 2.45 268 1,772 659 477 286 625 568 4,497 265 1 ,6 9 6 511 461 235 562 556 3, 912 267 1, 363 383 413 167 450 735 2,474 236 742 177 373 421 451 512 222 _ $ 2. 51 2. 55 _ _ 66 2 .6 0 197 54 33 _ 2. 55 2. 50 2 . 69 _ _ 2. 57 33 958 98 420 115 144 18 60 948 100 418 121 120 18 60 740 98 391 55 66 17 60 592 98 268 35 52 15 93 341 80 154 39 3. 26 4. 39 3. 33 2.60 3. 17 3. 05 3. 17 2.95 4. 09 2.99 2. 38 2 . 82 2. 74 2 . 82 2 . 80 3. 50 2. 76 2. 75 2.62 2. 50 2.67 2 . 60 2.95 2. 56 2.59 2. 52 2.44 2. 53 2.59 2 . 80 2.62 2. 46 640 178 52 66 _ 219 302 79 36 _ 133 992 450 147 72 65 147 997 457 155 72 67 135 896 421 113 72 125 686 302 71 60 176 289 165 70 $2 .4 5 2 .6 8 2. 56 2 . 26 2.43 2.61 2.69 2. 99 _ 2.47 3. 32 3. 42 3. 79 _ 2 . 81 2. 57 3. 07 3. 00 3. 09 3. 38 2. 52 2. 33 2. 76 2.71 2.79 2.96 2. 34 2. 58 2 . 62 2.69 2 . 89 2 . 26 2. 50 2. 70 2. 70 2.49 355 53 56 19 115 _ 308 19 16 _ 63 69 723 45 135 80 127 37 218 71 731 44 128 84 132 35 225 72 684 43 91 84 125 39 181 71 658 45 84 60 130 164 121 547 44 67 24 118 180 98 $3. 07 3. 13 3.44 2 . 81 3. 18 _ 2. 64 2.62 2. 70 _ 2.69 2. 15 122 4. 11 5. 24 3. 78 3. 77 4. 30 3. 80 4. 36 3. 58 3. 71 4. 85 3. 45 3. 37 3. 91 3. 39 3. 86 3. 27 3. 40 4. 18 3. 27 3. 07 3.62 3. 04 3.64 3. 02 3. 04 3.60 2.99 3. 21 3. 17 3. 19 2. 52 2. 83 3. 18 2. 77 2. 83 2 . 90 2 . 90 2 . 49 261 _ _ 48 25 23 39 12 _ $ 2 .9 9 _ _ 2. 94 2.92 2 . 86 2 .44 2.46 _ “ 20 _ 109 _ 41 47 255 _ 107 40 43 250 105 38 44 232 92 40 43 219 94 37 36 4. 21 4. 54 _ 4. 02 _ 4. 15 4. 15 3. 81 _ 3. 65 3. 75 3. 71 3.43 3. 30 3.43 3. 34 3. 07 3. 02 _ 3. 04 3. 01 2. 87 2. 75 2. 87 2. 94 1, 044 467 85 98 59 275 603 229 33 48 89 117 $ 2.71 2.77 2.95 2 . 89 2. 51 2. 54 2. 71 2. 78 2 . 98 2.67 2. 54 1, 368 587 203 136 167 157 1, 346 587 203 136 _ 164 156 1, 326 615 163 136 152 160 1, 217 543 157 106 - 3.48 3. 50 3. 82 3. 77 _ 2 . 98 3. 35 3. 15 3. 15 3.44 3. 37 2.74 2.95 2 . 88 2 . 89 3. 11 3. 04 _ 121 202 581 226 82 103 52 2 .6 6 2 .6 1 2. 75 2. 73 2.75 2.95 2 . 81 _ 2. 58 2. 55 2.65 2 . 68 2.67 2. 54 2.64 226 59 _ 27 _ _ 80 156 46 _ _ 32 38 $3. 20 3. 30 _ 3. 34 _ _ 3. 05 3. 16 3. 07 _ _ 3. 13 3. 14 455 44 114 4.48 4. 90 4. 50 4. 73 4. 74 _ 4. 22 4. 19 4. 06 4. 50 4. 06 4. 27 4. 30 _ 3. 81 3. 79 3.55 3.68 3. 58 3.70 3. 76 _ 3.45 3. 36 3. 15 3. 24 3. 15 3. 19 3. 23 _ 3. 16 3. 05 3. 03 3. 08 3. 01 3. 09 3. 04 2. 94 68 68 _ 73 64 455 44 114 68 68 _ 73 64 455 44 110 68 68 77 64 411 44 110 52 65 _ 52 68 369 32 1 10 61 58 64 G) Table 7. Occupational Averages: All Mills— Continued (N um ber and a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hou rly earnings 1 of produ ction w o rk e rs in s e le c te d occupations in pulp, p ap er, and p a p erb o a rd m ills , United States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O cto b er 1967) United States D epartm en t, occupation, and sex Num ber of w o rk ers 2 A v e ra g e hourly earnings New England Number of w ork ers M id d le A tlan tic A v e ra g e h ou rly earn in gs N um ber of w o rk e rs A verage h ou rly earn in gs Southeast Num ber of w o rk e rs Southwest A v e ra g e h ou rly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs G re a t L ak es A v e ra g e h ou rly earn in gs Num ber of w o rk e rs P a c ific A verage h ou rly earn in gs Num ber of w o rk e rs A v e ra g e h ou rly earnings P a p e r and p ap erb o a rd — Continued F in ish in g, ro ll: C a len d er op e ra to rs 3 (a ll m e n ) _________________ F in e grad es ____________________________________ C a len d er h elp ers 3 (940 m en and 24 w o m e n )____ Fin e gra d es (a ll m e n )_________________________ C o a te r o p e ra to rs (o ff-m a c h in e ) 3 (a ll m e n ) _________ __________ ______ ___________ F in e gra d es ____________________________________ C o a te r o p e ra to r h e lp e rs 3 (a ll m e n ) _________________________________________ F in e g rad es ____________________________________ R ew in d er o p e ra to rs 3 (2, 288 m en and 2 9 w o m e n )_______________________________________ Fin e gra d es (1, 198 m en and ____ 29 w o m e n )_____________________________ S an itary tissu e (a ll m e n ) _____________________ C o a rs e (K r a ft) (a ll m e n )___ ___________________ C on tain er board (a ll m e n )____________________ B oxb oard (a ll m e n )____________________________ R ew in d er h elp ers 3 (1,658 m en and 2 w o m e n )_________________________________________ F in e gra d es (928 m en and 2 w o m e n )_______________________________ ______ S an itary tissu e (a ll m e n ) _____________________ C o a rs e (K r a ft) (a ll m e n ) ______________________ C on tain er b oard (a ll m e n )____________________ B oxb oard (a ll m e n ) ____________________________ F in ish in g, sheet: C u tters, gu illotin e type (cut and t r im ) 3 (1 ,7 0 4 m en and 4 w o m e n )______________________ F in e gra d es (1,037 m en and 4 w o m e n )_____ C o a rs e (K r a ft) (a ll m e n ) ______________________ C on tain er b o a rd (a ll m e n )____________________ B oxb oard (a ll m e n )____________________________ C u tters, r o ta r y o r s h e e t 3 ----------------------------M en _________________________________________ F in e g ra d es ____________________________________ M en _________________________________________ B oxb oard (194 m en and 1 w om an) ------------L a b o ra to ry : P a p e r te s te r s 3 --------------------------------------------M en _________________________________________ W om en _____________________________________ N ew sp rin t and groundwood (a ll m en ) -------F in e g ra d es ---------------------------------------------M en _________________________________________ S a n ita ry tissu e ----------------------------------------M en _________________________________________ C o a rs e (K r a ft) (293 m en and 1 w om an ) _____________________________________ S p ecia l in d u stria l (137 m en and 10 w o m e n )---------------------------------------------C on tain er board --------------------------------------M en _________________________________________ B oxb oard (316 m en and 2 w om en ) ------------- See footn otes at end o f table $3. 12 3. 11 2 . 69 2. 75 218 183 182 155 $ 2 .9 4 2.93 2.64 2.61 268 3. 15 3. 17 56 44 2. 97 2 . 98 378 259 2 . 81 2.79 27 - 2. 85 - 2, 317 2. 87 300 2. 72 1,227 208 359 177 - 2. 72 - 85 2. 84 3. 14 2.90 2. 70 2 . 86 1,660 2.64 221 930 89 215 79 87 2.62 2 . 82 2. 71 2. 56 2.67 145 - 1, 708 1,041 75 74 385 1,766 1,535 1, 274 1, 074 195 2. 80 2.95 2. 75 2 . 60 2.48 2. 78 2. 84 2 . 80 2 . 86 2 . 79 307 234 25 249 249 176 176 2,489 2, 227 262 138 978 810 149 104 2. 82 2. 84 2.60 2. 94 2. 77 2 . 81 2. 76 2 . 80 324 274 50 34 179 135 19 19 294 2.91 - 147 386 350 318 2.67 2 . 90 2.91 2. 85 38 25 868 687 964 727 401 110 - “ 182 2.69 46 19 52 _ $ 3 .4 0 3. 06 2. 70 _ _ _ 47 2 . 88 2 . 88 47 - 3. 25 - 17 - 58 40 2 . 62 2. 71 49 _ 3. 00 _ 521 2. 76 401 418 36 - 2. 71 3. 46 _ _ 125 135 43 37 17 2. 50 374 2. 55 273 2.46 - 264 2. 55 3. 02 _ - 105 41 35 16 2. 58 2.71 2.65 2. 293 152 119 2. 71 2. 96 _ _ 2.41 2. 74 2. 75 2 . 80 2 . 80 190 61 _ 17 59 358 169 _ - 2.81 2.93 _ 2.95 2. 52 2.74 3. 08 _ - - - 81 2 . 89 2 . 62 2. 57 2. 57 2.59 2.59 2. 51 2. 56 2. 23 2 .6 6 2. 51 2 . 61 2.49 2 . 49 2.42 2. 56 160 191 169 66 - 26 - 212 208 163 163 396 373 - 241 229 30 19 26 66 $2. 98 3. 02 2 .6 6 2 .6 8 2.69 - 2. 74 2. 75 2.41 2. 51 2. 35 2.62 - _ _ 360 271 465 308 $ 3. 19 3. 18 2 .6 8 2 . 82 18 18 18 18 $ 3 .6 5 3.65 3. 16 3. 16 $ 3 .4 7 211 - 165 3. 21 3. 26 _ . _ _ _ _ 211 172 2. 77 2. 77 _ _ _ _ 2.92 81 2. 94 834 2 . 92 141 3. 13 2.93 2 . 89 2 . 80 2.96 2 . 90 27 _ _ 2. 72 _ _ 393 _ _ 55 32 2 . 90 70 _ _ 7 3. 14 _ 3. 12 _ 3. 14 2 .6 6 72 2. 83 2.63 _ _ - - 598 2.67 86 2.93 334 29 41 2 . 68 18 _ 59 _ _ 2. 51 _ 2. 84 _ 12 2 .6 6 707 463 27 38 135 728 2.79 2.91 2 . 68 2.48 2. 55 2 . 81 2. 85 2.9 0 2.91 2. 53 117 98 _ _ 2.79 81 2. 48 _ 2. 78 2 . 81 2.90 272 253 19 _ 16 43 43 _ - _ 2.65 3. 18 3. 18 _ - 698 572 560 56 2.94 2.97 2. 76 3. 05 2.95 3. 12 2. 93 2 . 96 217 2.81 210 2 . 81 2 . 81 - 83 2 . 88 67 2. 78 60 233 2.93 2. 96 3. 00 50 47 49 2.79 2 . 79 2. 85 33 35 35 53 41 61 _ _ _ 543 463 80 36 82 48 36 26 200 _ 2. 57 2 . 79 7 - - _ - 638 597 41 _ 361 331 39 28 _ 2. 53 2.65 10 134 134 88 88 - 3. 00 _ 90 _ _ 3. 18 3. 20 _ _ 3. 09 3. 11 3. 11 3. 14 3. 14 - 2 .9 6 62 56 18 - 3.23 3. 25 2. 94 3. 21 3. 23 3. 26 3. 02 _ 2. 87 60 3. 31 2. 2. 2. 2. _ 39 39 65 _ 3. 22 3. 22 3. 24 2. 87 74 74 73 20 Table 7. Occupational Averages: All Mills— Continued (N um ber and avera ge stra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs 1 o f p rodu ction w o rk e rs in s e le c te d occupations in pulp, p a p er, and p a p erb o a rd m ills , United States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O cto b er 1967) United States D epartm en t, occupation, and sex Num ber of w o rk ers 2 A vera g e hourly earnings New England Num ber of w o rk e rs A v e ra g e h ou rly earn in gs M id d le .A tla n tic Num ber of w o rk e rs A verage h o u rly earn in gs Southeast Num ber of w o rk e rs Southwest A verage h ou rly earn in gs N um ber of w o rk e rs G re a t La k es A verage h ou rly earn in gs Num ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge h o u rly earn in gs P a c ific Num ber of w o rk e rs A v e ra g e h ou rly earnings M iscella n eo u s E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance (a ll m en ) _ __________________________________________ F ire m e n , s ta tio n a ry b o ile r (a ll m e n ) ___________________________________ _______ Jan itors _______________________________________________ M e n --------------------------------------------------------------W o m e n _____________________________________________ M a ch in ists, m aintenance (a ll m e n ) ____________________________________________ M illw r ig h ts , pulp and paper (a ll m en ) ____________________________________________ O ile r s (a ll m e n )______________________________________ P ip e fit t e r s , m aintenance (a ll m e n ) ____________________________________________ T ru c k e rs , p ow er (a ll m e n ) ____________________________________________ F o r k lif t ____________________________________________ O ther than f o r k l i f t ________________________________ 1 2 3 $3.56 424 $3. 15 394 $3 . 31 924 $ 3 .7 8 2,030 2, 587 2,415 172 3. 2. 2. 2. 350 381 401 351 50 2. 85 2. 37 2.40 2 . 20 348 706 684 22 2. 70 2 . 26 2 . 26 2 . 21 3. 2. 2. 2. 2 , 0 16 3. 50 365 3. 15 243 3. 33 6, 3.48 1, 033 281 3. 06 2.67 782 224 3. 18 2.69 318 1, 829 00 50 51 36 2 .9 2 216 194 1 68 $ 3 .9 6 657 $3. 34 327 30 50 50 39 99 154 154 3. 27 2. 52 2.52 624 843 784 59 2. 94 2. 54 2. 54 2.46 159 230 213 17 510 3. 74 151 3. 78 470 3. 32 228 3. 97 1, 849 435 3. 75 3. 13 401 185 3. 83 3. 10 1,413 491 3. 24 2 . 82 674 167 3. 97 3. 22 3.77 248 3. 85 542 3. 33 271 3. 97 2. 317 314 2.69 2.69 2, 155 1,576 579 2. 71 2.69 2. 77 829 689 140 3. 11 3. 11 3. 10 22 2, 833 3.56 398 3. 14 304 3. 28 925 6, 2. 74 2.73 2. 77 729 471 258 2.48 2.45 2. 54 861 2. 63 2. 58 2 . 80 1, 154 999 155 195 4, 810 1,385 654 207 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, h olid a ys, and late sh ifts. Includes data fo r regio n s in addition to those shown sep arately. Includes data fo r types o f pulp, paper, or paperboard not shown s e p a ra te ly . NO TE: 3, 002 Dashes indicate no data rep o rted or data that do not m eet pu blication c r it e r ia . 82 2 . 81 2 . 89 - " _ $ 3 .97 3. 57 2. 85 2 . 86 2. 76 Table 8. Occupational Averages: Pulpmills 0) (N um ber and a vera ge s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly e a rn in g s 1 o f m en in s e le c te d occupations, U nited States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O cto b er 1967) United States D ep artm en t and occupation Num ber o f w orkers Southeast 2 A vera ge h ou rly earnings N u m ber of w o rk e rs P a c ific A vera ge hou rly earnings Num ber o f w o rk e rs A vera ge h ou rly earn in gs Pulp W oodyard and wood p rep aration : C rane o p e ra to rs --------------------------B a r k e r s , h yd rau lic ----------------------S a w y e r s ---------------------------------------C h ip p e r m e n ---------------------------------K n ife g rin d e rs ------------------------------Pulpm aking: Cooks 3 ---------------------------------- ------Sulphite p r o c e s s -----------------------Cook h e lp e r s , f i r s t 3 ---------------------Sulphite p r o c e s s -----------------------Blow-pit men (sulph ite)----------------------W ash er o p e ra to rs (s u lp h a te )----------S creen m en ----------------------------------Sulphate p r o c e s s -----------------------Sulphite p r o c e s s -----------------------Bleacherm en -------------------------------------Sulphate p r o c e s s -----------------------Sulphite p r o c e s s -----------------------Pu lp te s te rs 3 -------------------------------Sulphite p r o c e s s -----------------------R e c o v e r y , cau stic, and acidm aking: Acidm akers (su lp h ite )---------------------E v a p o ra to r o p e ra to rs (sulphate) ----R e c o v e r y o p e ra to rs (s u lp h a t e )------C austic o p e ra to rs ( c a u sticisers) (s u lp h a t e )---------------------------------L im e - k iln o p e ra to rs (s u lp h a te )------ 89 20 39 45 16 75 39 79 35 32 20 59 16 43 63 24 39 61 37 $3. 3. 3. 2. 3. 61 18 17 84 26 65 27 7 2.79 3. 28 12 3.79 3. 76 3. 15 3. 06 2 . 96 3. 61 3. 26 3. 26 3. 26 3. 80 3.91 3. 74 2.95 3. 00 28 4.03 36 28 32 24 24 _ - - 36 _ 16 20 16 _ 20 16 _ _ 3. 70 3. 27 3. 26 _ 4. 10 4. 13 - 2. “ - 3. 43 3. 43 3. 8 8 22 20 3. 59 3. 40 18 151 57 3. 82 3. 41 2. 63 3. 79 3. 78 3. 20 3. 78 2. 97 2.97 3. 02 76 25 70 24 151 33 39 - 3. 31 22 29 20 $3. 81 - 16 21 16 79 3. 66 4.07 3. 61 3. 43 14 14 29 8 _ 32 _ 32 32 $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 38 44 33 14 33 2.91 3.95 3. 20 3. 20 3. 09 _ 28 29 23 3. 42 _ 3. 42 3.97 _ 3.92 3. 19 3. 19 28 3. 59 - - _ - - _ _ " " M iscella n eou s E le c tr ic ia n s , m a in te n a n c e -—--------------F ir e m e n , sta tion a ry b o i l e r ---------------J a n it o r s ---------------------------------------------M a ch in ists, m a in te n a n c e --------------------M illw r ig h ts , pulp and p a p e r ---------------O i l e r s -----------------------------------------------P ipefitters, m aintenance----------------------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r -------------------------------F o r k l i f t ------- ------- ------------------------O ther than f o r k l i f t ------------------------- 1 2 3 1 12 46 276 57 166 169 142 27 101 87 83 " E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts. Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown s e p a ra te ly . Includes data fo r types o f pulp not shown s ep a ra tely . NO TE: Dashes indicate no data rep orted or data that do not m e e t p u b lication c r it e r ia . 3. 83 3. 34 2. 55 3. 83 3. 82 3. 16 3.82 2. 94 2.93 " 61 24 28 16 95 23 50 70 49 21 3.97 3. 63 2. 86 3.97 3.97 3. 26 3. 97 3. 10 3. 10 3. 10 Table 9. Occupational Averages: Papermills (N um ber and a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs 1 o f m en in s e le c te d occupations, United States and s e le c te d r e g io n s , O ctob er 1967) United States D epartm en t and occupation Num ber of wo rk ers 2 A verage hourly earnings N ew England Num ber | A v e r a g e of h ou rly w o rk e rs earnings M id d le A tla n tic N um ber of w o rk e rs A verage h ou rly earnings Southeast Num ber of w o rk e rs Southwest A vera ge h ou rly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs G re a t Lak es A verage hou rly earnings N um ber of w o rk e rs P a c ific A v e r a g e N um ber h ou rly of earn in gs w o rk e rs A vera ge h ou rly earnings Pu lp W oodyard and wood p rep a ra tio n . Crane o p e ra to rs -----------------------------------B a r k e r s , drum -------------------------------------S aw yers -------------------------------------------------C hipperm en ------------------------------------------K n ife g r in d e r s ----------------------------------------Pu lpm aking: Cooks 3 ---------------------------------------------------S u lp h a te --------------------------------------------Sulphite --------------------------------------------Cook h e lp e rs , f i r s t 3 ------------------------------S u lp h a te --------------------------------------------S u lp h ite ---------------------------------------------G r in d e r m e n -------------------------------------------B lo w -p it m en (s u lp h ite )--------------------------W ash er o p e ra to rs (sulphate) ------------------S creen m en 3--------------------------------------------Sulphate --------------------------------------------S u lp h ite ---------------------------------------------B lea ch erm en 3 ----------------------------------------S u lp h a te --------------------------------------------Sulphite --------------------------------------------W et-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs 3 ------------------------S u lp h ite ---------------------------------------------Pulp te s te rs 3------------------------------------------S u lp h a te --------------------------------------------Sulphite ------------------------ -------------------R e c o v e r y , ca u stic, and acidm aking: A cid m a k e rs (s u lp h ite )---------------------------E v a p o ra to r o p e ra to rs (sulphate) -------------R e c o v e r y op e ra to rs (s u lp h a te )----------------R e c o v e r y h e lp e rs , fir s t (s u lp h a t e )---------C austic o p e ra to rs (c a u s tic is e rs )(s u lp h a te ) L im e - k iln o p e ra to rs (sulphate) --------------- 494 192 113 294 $3. 38 2. 65 2 .9 2 88 2. 83 3. 04 432 256 125 432 285 3. 50 3. 66 3. 42 2.99 3. 04 121 2 .9 2 685 99 185 340 142 99 393 205 98 197 49 484 266 129 2 . 82 2. 75 3. 33 3.01 3. 11 2.91 3. 27 3. 47 3. 22 2. 85 2. 83 2. 83 2. 87 2. 84 99 201 262 388 192 175 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 17 33 60 11 33 18 60 17 56 19 70 34 18 50 32 18 186 22 11 78 30 19 68 40 _ 29 94 41 31 19 23 31 28 25 58 16 24 21 $3. 74 2. 76 3. 02 3. 16 104 96 149 141 84 74 61 53 _ 80 76 28 107 96 3. 85 3. 89 3. 14 3. 14 3. 14 3. 58 3. 37 3. 34 _ 3. 87 3.91 3. 63 2. 84 2. 84 33 33 37 37 32 28 $2. 89 2. 37 2. 53 2. 75 48 19 29 14 $3.01 2. 57 2. 65 2.99 171 50 94 2.97 3. 17 3. 11 2. 73 2. 77 2. 65 2 . 68 2. 40 2. 78 2 . 60 2. 57 2. 45 2. 76 2. 77 _ 2. 43 2. 50 2. 51 2. 53 59 15 3.07 3.02 3. 11 2. 70 2 . 66 2 . 68 2 . 81 2. 76 _ _ 3. 02 3. 17 3.01 2. 64 2 . 66 2. 75 2.91 61 3. 04 2. 73 2 . 66 2. 58 22 51 15 18 _ 24 25 _ _ 64 15 19 20 63 16 " 37 " - 20 20 2. 74 2. 87 2. 78 83 80 153 69 65 78 74 194 108 32 _ 314 178 52 _ 145 79 36 3. 45 3. 45 3.05 3. 10 3.07 _ 2. 56 2 . 68 2. 56 2. 78 2 . 69 2.99 36 72 _ _ 136 54 33 3. 18 3.03 3. 00 2.99 _ _ 2. 53 2 . 55 _ _ 2. 55 2 . 50 2 . 69 811 98 3. 32 4. 39 735 3. 46 22 2. 11 20 16 16 38 34 $3. 73 2. 77 2.95 3.06 117 78 3.93 3.93 3. 17 3. 17 3. 60 3. 30 3. 31 4. 03 4. 03 2. 92 2 . 94 86 - 33 40 77 27 27 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 24 189 53 _ 48 54 19 16 3.91 3. 94 3. 8 6 3. 94 3. 94 3. 14 3. 13 _ 3. 36 2. 63 2 . 62 2. 70 49 _ 25 64 _ 40 26 - 3.99 4. 05 3. 07 2. 94 2. 50 - 411 45 4. 09 5. 24 149 “ 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 58 98 28 66 40 60 98 26 63 39 68 62 15 30 53 79 30 49 173 50 30 84 43 109 34 40 116 36 98 33 42 $3. 13 2 . 60 2. 74 2. 74 3.07 3. 35 3. 31 3. 38 2 . 89 2 . 81 2. 94 2. 67 2. 78 2.99 2. 87 2. 85 2 . 98 2. 9 2 3. 19 2 . 80 2. 91 2.90 2 . 88 2. 97 23 _ 30 25 7 $3. 40 _ 3. 51 3. 11 3. 51 72 40 32 54 18 36 124 24 14 56 14 34 48 28 80 30 3. 83 3. 80 3. 8 6 3. 16 3. 20 3. 14 3. 05 3. 03 3.43 3. 38 3. 68 3. 25 3. 65 3. 56 _ 3. 21 3. 12 48 30 30 45 27 17 3. 09 2.91 3. 19 2. 77 2.97 3. 00 146 3. 43 3. 45 3. 18 3. 09 3. 46 3. 44 2 . 80 2. 77 2.95 2.91 2. 77 2. 78 2 . 98 36 60 23 115 59 74 46 3. 98 3. 67 3. 81 3. 27 3. 30 _ 3. 20 3. 07 3. 61 - 290 4. 59 4. 90 28 20 48 44 20 20 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 50 61 61 15 51 29 P a p e r and p a p e rb o a rd Stock p rep a ra tio n : Head stock p r e p a r e r s , group I 3 -------------F in e grad es ---------------------------------------Head stock p r e p a r e r s , group II 3 -------------F in e grad es ---------------------------------------S an itary tissu e ---------------------------------C o a rse ( K r a f t ) -----------------------------------B ea term en 3 -------------------------------------------F in e grad es ---------------------------------------S an itary tissu e ----------------------------------C o a rse ( K r a f t ) -----------------------------------H ydrapu lper o p e ra to rs 3 -------------------------F in e g rad es ---------------------------------------S an itary tissu e ----------------------------------- 887 496 106 103 1,802 1,006 204 204 820 435 141 3. 47 3. 41 3. 25 3. 13 3. 31 3. 73 2. 78 2. 75 2. 63 3. 07 2. 75 2. 75 2.95 M achine room : P a p e r-m a c h in e ten ders 3 ------------------------N ew sp rin t and g rou n d w ood ------------------ 3,478 267 3. 68 4. 63 See footnotes at end o f table. 405 292 105 62 2 00 165 _ _ 386 222 " " 16 12 ■ 4. 26 " 122 275 158 24 48 703 467 85 94 364 229 33 1,004 44 Table 9. Occupational Averages: Papermills— Continued 00 (N um ber and a vera g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs 1 o f m en in s e le c te d occupations, United States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O cto b er 1967) United States D epartm en t and occupation Num ber of w o rk ers 2 A v e ra g e hourly earnings N ew England Num ber of w ork ers A vera ge h ou rly earnings M id d le A tla n tic N u m ber of w o rk e rs A verage h ou rly earnings Southeast Num ber of wo rk ers Southwest A verage h ou rly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs G re a t Lakes A vera ge h ou rly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs P a c ific A v e r a g e N u m ber A v e r a g e h ou rly of h ou rly earnings w o rk e rs earnings P a p e r and p a p erb oa rd — Continued M achine room — Continued P a p e r-m a c h in e t e n d e r s 3— Continued F in e grad es -----------------------------------------San itary tissu e ------------------------------------C o a rs e (K r a ft) -------------------------------------S p ecia l in d u stria l --------------------------------Back ten ders 3 ------------------------------------------N ew sp rin t and gro u n d w o o d --------------------F in e grad es ----------------------------------------S an itary tissu e ------------------------------------C o a rse (K r a ft) -----------------------------------S p ecia l in d u s tr ia l---------------------------------T h ird hands 3 -------------------------------------------N ew sp rin t and groundwood ------------------F in e grad es ----------------------------------------San itary t i s s u e ------------------------------------C o a rse (K r a ft) -----------------------------------S p ecia l in d u stria l --------------------------------Fou rth hands 3 ------------------------------------------N ew sp rin t and g r o u n d w o o d ----- -------------F in e grad es -----------------------------------------San itary t i s s u e ------------------------------------C o a rse (K r a ft) ------------------------------------S p ecia l in d u stria l --------------------------------F ifth hands 3 --------------------------------------------N ew sp rin t and groundwood ------------------F in e grad es -----------------------------------------C o a rse (K r a ft) ------------------------------------F in ish in g, r o ll: C alen der o p e ra to rs 3----------------------------------F in e gra d es -----------------------------------------C alen der h e lp e rs 3 ------------------------------------F in e gra d es -----------------------------------------C oa ter o p e ra to rs (o ff-m a c h in e )3-----------------F in e grad es ----------------------------------------C oater o p e ra to r h e lp e r s 3 -------------------------F in e gra d es ----------------------------------------R ew in d er o p e ra to rs 3 --------------------------------F in e gra d es ---------------------------------------S an itary tissu e ------------------------------------R ew in d er h e lp ers 3 ----------------------------------F in e gra d es ----------------------------------------- 1,776 641 378 292 3,481 268 1,772 659 393 268 3,183 265 1 ,6 9 6 511 381 214 2,595 267 1,363 383 332 159 1,519 236 742 284 854 687 886 727 355 264 334 255 2,059 1 ,1 9 8 208 1,482 928 $3. 54 3. 68 4. 04 3. 21 3. 33 4. 29 3. 19 3. 31 3. 65 2 . 89 3. 03 3. 67 2 . 90 3. 10 3. 30 2 . 66 2 . 85 3. 17 2 . 75 2 . 97 3. 00 2 . 54 2 . 80 2 . 99 2 . 74 2 . 81 3. 12 3. 11 2 . 74 2 . 75 3. 14 3. 16 2 . 80 2 . 78 2 . 88 2 . 84 3. 14 2 . 64 2 . 62 420 115 - 144 801 1 00 418 121 _ 1 20 644 98 391 55 _ 66 481 98 268 35 _ 52 287 80 154 - 2. 2. 83 89 2. 56 2 . 59 2. 2. 92 95 87 2 00 2 . 86 176 L a b o ra to ry : P a p e r te s te r s 3 ----------------------------------------N ew sp rin t and gro u n d w o o d -------------------F in e g ra d es ----------------------------------------San itary t i s s u e ------------------------------------C o a rs e (K r a ft) ------------------------------------S p ecia l in d u s tr ia l---------------------------------- 1, 510 138 810 104 252 118 82 94 81 2 . 80 2 . 87 2 . 65 240 34 135 _ _ 32 See footn otes at end o f table. 2. - 278 234 1 ,2 2 0 2. 3. 17 3.00 4.09 2.99 2. 38 2 . 82 2. 85 3. 50 2. 76 2. 75 _ 2 . 62 2. 63 2.95 2. 56 2 . 59 _ 2. 52 2. 64 2 . 80 2 . 62 2. 94 2.93 2. 64 2 . 61 2. 94 2 . 98 _ _ 2.72 2. 72 _ 2. 51 2. 46 1,037 1,255 1,074 2. - 218 183 182 155 50 44 _ _ 286 177 _ 217 145 F in ish in g , sheet: C u tters, gu illo tin e type (cut and trim ) 3 ----F in e gra d es ----------------------------------------C u tters, r o ta r y o r s h e e t3 ------------------------F in e gra d es ----------------------------------------- 2. $3. 33 2 . 60 450 147 $3. 42 3. 79 - - 72 750 2. - 457 155 72 672 421 113 72 469 _ 302 71 60 211 _ 165 - - - 413 44 128 84 1 12 368 43 91 84 109 331 45 84 60 1 10 _ 265 44 67 102 46 19 52 _ 43 191 169 61 47 48 40 483 389 36 360 262 2. 98 3. 02 2 . 66 2 . 69 2 . 88 2 . 88 2 . 66 2. 71 2. 77 2. 71 3. 46 2. 56 2. 55 45 358 125 135 237 105 158 148 177 163 2. 96 2.97 79 2.80 134 46 2. 56 292 2 . 66 _ 229 19 _ 2. 72 _ 2. 75 2. 51 _ 2. 35 2 . 61 _ _ 2. 45 182 81 3. 13 _ 3.09 3. 38 2. 52 2 . 81 2.79 2.96 2. 34 2. 70 _ 2 . 69 2 . 89 _ 2 . 26 2. 78 _ 2. 70 135 80 107 160 26 2. - 125 61 223 36 48 26 68 • $3. 78 3. 77 4. 27 - - 81 - - $ 3 .9 4 - 3. 72 4. 8 6 3. 45 3. 37 3.90 3. 43 4. 18 3. 27 3.07 3.59 _ 3. 17 3. 60 2.99 3. 21 3. 16 _ 2 . 89 3. 18 2. 77 2. 87 147 83 145 81 124 - 3. 40 3. 06 2. 70 _ 3. 20 2. 98 _ 2. 90 2.93 2. 89 2. 65 2. 63 _ _ - - 68 _ 126 - 70 - _ 52 60 3. 8 8 3. 61 3. 45 3. 24 3. 11 2.97 _ 2. 87 2. 73 3.01 2. 87 - 2. 94 2.93 3. 07 3.02 24 24 " 3.03 3. 23 2. 96 3.05 3. 12 124 2.80 - 587 203 124 - 1,004 587 203 124 992 615 163 124 872 543 157 94 23 392 - 226 58 354 271 387 308 193 165 198 172 734 393 517 334 507 463 600 560 489 $3. 50 3. 82 3. 84 - 3. 25 - 3. 15 3. 44 3. 43 2. 95 2 . 89 3. 11 3. 08 2 . 80 2. 75 2.95 2 . 86 2. 71 2. 70 2 . 68 2. 77 3. 20 3. 18 81 82 3. 24 3. 26 2. 78 2. 77 2 . 96 2. 90 2 . 68 2 . 68 2. 2. 2. 2 .9 6 2. 86 60 " ■ 68 40 _ 266 44 110 52 40 _ 222 32 110 36 18 18 18 18 - _ _ 117 70 63 18 130 - 331 28 " 110 2. 83 - 33 68 40 _ 286 44 106 98 92 - 60 68 40 _ 290 44 114 2 . 89 2,91 2.91 2.91 - 2. 73 114 88 20 81 2. 96 2. 87 2. 87 56 _ $4. 50 4. 73 4. 77 _ 4. 16 4. 50 4.06 4. 27 4. 35 _ 2 . 61 3. 68 3. 58 3. 70 3. 78 3. 17 3. 24 3. 15 3. 19 3. 23 _ 3.05 3.08 3.01 3. 12 3. 65 3. 65 3. 16 3. 16 _ _ 3. 13 3. 14 _ 2.93 3.00 3. 3. 3. 3. 19 20 15 14 3. 26 3. 21 3. 26 - - - _ “ Table 9. Occupational Averages: Papermills— Continued (N um ber and a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h o u rly earn in gs 1 o f m en in s e le c te d occupations, United States and s e le c te d r e g io n s , O cto b er 1967) United States D epartm en t and occupation Num ber of w o rk ers 2 A v e ra g e hourly earnings M id d le A tla n tic N ew England Num ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge h ou rly earnings N u m ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge h ou rly earnings Southeast N u m ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge h ou rly earnings Southwest N um ber of w o rk e rs G rea t Lakes A verage h ou rly earnings N um ber of w o rk e rs P a c ific A v e r a g e N um ber A v e r a g e h ou rly of h ou rly earnings w o rk e rs earn in gs M iscella n eo u s E le c tr ic ia n s , m a in te n a n c e -----------------------------------F ir e m e n , sta tio n a ry b o i l e r --------------------------------Janitors --------------------------------------------------------------M a ch in ists, m aintenance -----------------------------------M illw r ig h ts , pulp and pap er --------------------------------O ile r s -----------------------------------------------------------------P ip e fit t e r s , m aintenance ------------------------------------T ru c k e r s , p o w e r -------------------------------------------------F o r k l i f t -----------------------------------------------------------O ther than fo r k lift ------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 1,121 $3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 52 05 53 47 45 90 50 75 75 76 372 262 252 314 923 243 353 598 356 242 Exclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid a ys, Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown s ep a ra tely. Includes data fo r types o f pulp, p a p er, or paperboard not shown sep a ra te ly . NOTE: 1,915 1,156 1,593 1, 325 4,094 1,217 1,756 4, 115 2,994 $ 3. 2. 2. 3. 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 20 73 28 20 10 71 18 51 47 56 323 222 267 214 549 168 256 527 338 189 and la te sh ifts. Dashes in d icate no data rep o rted or data that do not m eet pu blication c r ite r ia . $ 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 40 06 45 37 30 73 36 74 70 82 438 118 385 254 964 211 405 686 594 92 $ 3 .7 2 3. 39 2. 50 3. 71 3. 71 3. 12 3. 74 2.79 2. 78 2. 85 94 48 79 105 234 1 10 146 185 183 $ 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 2. " 98 40 53 76 87 14 87 70 70 476 411 578 329 1,015 380 437 1,584 1 ,112 472 $3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 39 02 60 39 31 85 38 74 73 76 165 74 129 88 351 86 106 487 398 89 $3. 98 3. 63 2 . 86 3.97 3. 98 3. 20 3. 98 3. 11 3. 11 3. 12 Tabk 10. Occupational Averages: Paperboard Mills (N u m ber and a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e hourly e a rn in g s 1 o f men in s e le c te d occu pation s, United States and sele c te d re g io n s , O cto b er 1967) United States D epartm ent and occupation Num ber of w o rk ers 2 A v e ra g e hourly earnings New Eilgland Number of w ork ers A vera ge hou rly earnings M id d le A tla n tic Num ber of w o rk e rs A verage h ou rly earn in gs Southeast N um ber of w o rk e rs Southwest A verage hou rly earnings N u m ber of w o rk e rs G reat Lakes A vera ge h ou rly earnings N um ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge h ou rly earnings P a c ific N um ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge h ou rly earnings Pulp W oodyard and wood p rep a ra tio n : Crane o p era to rs ------------------------------------------B a r k e r s , drum -------------------------------------------C hipperm en ------------------------------------------------Pulpm aking: Cooks 3 --------------------------------------------------------Sulphate p ro c e s s ------------------------------------Cook h e lp e rs , f i r s t 3 -----------------------------------Sulphate p ro c e s s ------------------------------------W ash er o p e ra to rs (sulphate) ----------------------S creen m en 3 ------------------------------------------------Sulphate p r o c e s s -------------------------------------B lea ch erm en 3 --------------------------------------------Sulphate p ro c e s s ------------------------------------Pulp te s te rs 3 ----------------------------------------------Sulphate p ro c e s s -------------------------------------R e c o v e r y , cau stic, and acidm aking: E va p o ra to r o p era to rs (sulphate) ------------------R e c o v e r y o p e ra to rs (s u lp h a te )---------------------R e c o v e r y h elp ers , fir s t (sulphate) --------------Caustic o p era to rs (c a u s tic is e r s )(s u lp h a te )---L im e - k iln o p e ra to rs (s u lp h a te )--------------------- 298 98 184 $3. 59 2. 71 2 . 79 - 297 213 274 230 180 123 96 - 80 171 142 3. 74 3. 86 3. 17 3. 19 3. 55 3. 37 3. 44 3. 85 3. 87 2.95 2. 96 158 188 283 152 137 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 88 58 83 22 46 39 - - - 194 63 131 $3. 77 2. 72 2. 78 41 14 138 118 143 127 118 60 56 28 28 79 69 3.92 3. 94 3. 22 3. 23 3. 63 3. 55 3. 55 4. 07 4. 07 2.93 2 . 89 27 27 43 43 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 24 25 38 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 92 103 191 - - - “ 94 8 8 $2.91 2.91 2 . 68 2 . 90 2. 42 2 . 60 2. 56 2. 57 179 99 326 _ 219 157 133 2. 94 3. 17 2. 65 _ 2 . 82 2. 53 2. 67 2. 46 _ 2. 53 2. 33 2. 46 257 65 147 247 67 135 224 _ 125 217 176 78 70 - - - - 1 00 65 9,4 20 47 42 21 22 20 20 16 16 23 23 16 11 $3. 78 2. 69 2. 87 28 - 3. 89 3.89 3. 17 3. 17 3. 65 3. 37 3. 37 4. 02 4. 02 2. 78 2. 78 - $ 2. 86 _ - - 11 2. 65 21 - 9 84 48 60 44 _ 24 20 36 32 - - 55 91 34 58 50 - - 20 - - 16 3. 50 3. 57 53 40 128 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 26 36 38 $3. 26 3. 18 3. 75 3. 80 3. 16 3. 20 _ 3. 83 3. 78 3. 20 3. 16 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 54 73 27 58 54 P a p e r and p ap erb oard Stock p rep a ra tion : Head stock p r e p a r e r s , group I 3 ------------------Boxboard -----------------------------------------------Head stock p r e p a r e r s , g rou p II 3 ------------------C ontainer board -------------------------------------B oxboard -----------------------------------------------B e a te rm e n 3------------------------------------------------C ontainer board -------------------------------------B oxboard ------------------------------------------------H ydrapu lper o p era to rs 3 ------------------------------Container board ------------------------------------B oxboard ------------------------------------------------M achine room : P a p e r-m a c h in e tenders 3 ----------------------------C ontainer board -------------------------------------B oxboard -----------------------------------------------Back tenders 3 ---------------------------------------------C ontainer board -------------------------------------B oxboard -----------------------------------------------T h ird hands 3 ----------------------------------------------C ontainer b o a r d --------------------------------------B oxboard -----------------------------------------------Fourth hands 3 ---------------------------------------------C ontainer board -------------------------------------B o x b o a rd ------------------------------------------------F ifth hands 3 -----------------------------------------------C ontainer b o a r d --------------------------------------B oxboard -----------------------------------------------F in ish in g, ro ll: R ew in d er o p e ra to rs 3 -----------------------------------Container b o a r d --------------------------------------B oxboard ------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end o f table. 115 64 570 209 284 1, 144 341 725 927 215 499 1,425 605 544 1,395 6 10 531 1,306 548 520 1,309 435 699 947 406 411 228 95 66 3. 33 2 . 98 2. 97 3. 04 3.00 2 . 61 2. 71 2. 56 2. 52 2. 63 2. 37 67 40 126 _ 3. 48 3. 66 3. 33 3. 13 3. 28 2 . 98 2.92 3. 06 2. 76 2. 70 2 . 88 2. 55 2 . 62 2 . 81 2. 40 147 60 147 _ 60 96 60 2.79 2. 67 2. 85 66 61 33 111 . 93 54 39 - - - - - - $ 2 . 62 2. 76 2. 34 _ 2. 43 2. 46 2. 47 2 . 89 2. 57 3. 07 2 . 60 2. 33 2. 76 2. 44 2. 58 2. 45 - 2. 50 2. 50 2 . 49 - 34 - 67 48 19 162 94 254 59 69 4. 04 3. 63 3. 84 3. 09 2 . 98 3. 33 2. 64 2. 70 2. 15 308 218 51 314 225 51 312 181 51 323 164 105 278 180 - 4. 14 4. 36 3. 20 3. 69 3. 86 2.91 3. 35 3. 54 2. 73 2. 90 3. 19 2. 40 2. 77 2. 90 - 41 35 108 40 35 105 38 36 108 40 35 93 37 “ 4. 14 4. 15 4. 00 3. 71 3. 75 3. 58 3. 39 3. 43 3. 26 3. 03 3. 04 2. 93 2. 87 2. 87 - 364 164 153 342 42 3. 07 3. 00 29 - 2. 83 - 1 00 - 22 " 42 21 58 25 1 12 - 2 . 90 2 .9 2 " " 60 56 341 59 275 239 87 117 161 152 334 149 156 345 118 194 189 103 44 55 32 3. 02 3. 02 80 2. 74 2. 90 2. 53 2. 51 2. 54 2 . 61 2. 53 2 . 66 2. - - _ 72 18 52 107 76 78 32 34 _ 3.59 3. 60 3. 57 3. 13 _ 3. 04 3. 12 3. 13 3. 16 161 4. 4. 4. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 3. 11 2.97 3. 33 2. 83 2. 73 2. 94 2. 67 2 . 60 2. 74 2. 55 2. 58 2. 54 2. 53 2. 54 2 . 62 73 60 165 77 60 141 52 64 143 58 60 2. 64 2. 57 2 . 79 7 73 60 161 30 22 20 88 81 80 46 45 36 12 16 05 00 04 94 _ 3. 14 Table 10. Occupational Averages: (N u m ber and a vera g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earnings United States D ep artm en t and occupation Num ber of w o rk ers 2 A v e ra g e hourly earnings 1 o f m en in s e le c te d occu pation s, United States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O cto b er 1967) N ew England Num ber of w o rk e rs Paperboard Mills— Continued A verage h ou rly earnings M id d le A tla n tic N u m ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge h ou rly earnings Southeast N um ber of w o rk e rs Southwest A vera ge h ou rly earnings N um ber of w o rk e rs G rea t L ak es A vera ge h ou rly earnings N um ber of w o rk e rs P a c ific A vera ge h ou rly earnings N um ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge h ou rly earnings P a p e r and paperb oard — Continued F in ish in g, r o ll— Continued R ew in d er h elp ers 3 --------------------------------------Container board -------------------------------------B o x b o a rd ------------------------------------------------- 175 69 73 $ 2 . 62 2. 54 2. 67 - - - - F in ish in g, sheet: C u tters, gu illo tin e type (cut and trim ) 3 ------Boxboard -----------------------------------------------C u t t e r s , r o t a r y o r s h e e t 3 -----------------------------Boxboard ------------------------------------------------ 484 375 280 178 2 . 49 2. 47 2. 72 2. 78 29 25 49 - $ 2 . 60 2 . 62 2. 57 L a b o ra to ry : P a p e r te s te rs 3 -------------------------------------------Container b o a r d --------------------------------------B oxboard ------------------------------------------------ 707 331 271 2 . 88 2 .9 2 2.83 34 25 2. 53 2. 56 43 84 37 47 2 . 82 2 . 61 2 . 20 12 - $2.41 - 131 119 31 - - 2. 41 2. 41 2. 50 - 35 25 ~ $ 2 . 69 2. 72 _ - - - - - 65 50 35 2. 56 2. 45 3. 13 - - 27 19 - $2. 67 3. 11 86 - 81 29 41 $2. 58 2. 53 2. 65 135 98 56 2. 2. 2. 2. 200 53 55 48 53 - _ - 42 $3. 09 3. 09 3. 03 - - 11 10 58 230 186 2. 98 2 .9 8 47 62 22 2.91 21 2. 84 2.79 2. 87 108 31 53 2. 73 2. 75 2. 73 123 38 65 3. 24 3. 22 3. 24 2.91 2. 57 2. 24 3. 04 2 . 89 2. 57 2.91 2. 47 2. 46 410 205 229 232 734 191 419 381 322 59 3. 83 3. 24 2 . 49 3. 75 3. 78 3. 13 3. 78 2 . 86 2. 84 2. 94 74 51 75 46 167 75 103 132 131 3.93 3. 14 2. 51 3. 84 3.77 3. 05 3. 80 2 . 68 2 . 68 176 209 197 139 392 3. 17 2. 78 2. 37 3. 13 3. 06 2.69 3. 13 2. 65 2 . 61 2 . 81 101 61 3.97 3. 48 2. 85 3.96 3.97 3. 22 3. 97 3. 12 3. 13 - 81 - 2. 66 2. - M iscella n eo u s E le c tr ic ia n s , m a in te n a n c e -------------------------------F ir e m e n , sta tio n a ry b o ile r -----------------------------J a n i t o r s ----------------------------------------------------------M a ch in ists, m aintenance --------------------------------M illw r ig h ts , pulp and p a p e r -----------------------------O i l e r s --------------------------------------------------------------P ip e fit t e r s , m a in te n a n c e --------------------------------T ru c k e rs , p o w er ---------------------------------------------F o r k lift ------------------------------------------------------O ther than f o r k l i f t ---------------------------------------- 1 2 3 936 817 710 645 1,948 555 911 1,911 1,674 237 3. 60 2 . 89 2. 43 3. 53 3. 50 2 .9 2 3. 62 2 . 69 2 . 68 2 . 80 86 37 32 125 111 2. 85 2 . 69 2. 43 2. 78 2. 36 2. 37 _ 71 159 84 29 233 56 48 334 316 Exclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts. Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown sep a ra tely. Includes data fo r types o f pulp, p a p er, o r p aperboard not shown sep a ra te ly . NO TE: D ashes in d icate no data rep orted o r data that do not m e e t pu blication c r ite r ia . “ " ~ 111 103 565 458 107 56 124 228 58 115 272 242 " Table 11. Occupational Averages: IS Paper and Paperboard Mills— Machine-Room Occupations by Width of Machine (N u m b er and a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in g s 1 of m en in s e le c te d m a c h in e -ro o m occu pation s, United States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O cto b er 1967) United States Occupation and m achine width P a p e r-m a c h in e te n d ers, 100 inches and under 3 F in e g r a d e s S an itary tissu e — S p ecia l in d u stria l C ontainer board — B o x b o a rd ------------P a p e r-m a c h in e tenders. 101 to 150 inches 3 F in e gra d es S an itary t i s s u e ---C o a rs e (K r a ft) — S p ecia l in d u stria l C on tain er board -B oxboard P a p e r-m a c h in e ten d ers, 151 to 200 inches 3 F in e gra d es ■ S an itary tissu e C o a rse (K r a ft) -C ontainer board P a p e r-m a c h in e ten d ers, 201 inches and o v e r 3 N ew sp rin t and groundwood ------------------------F in e gra d es ■ C o a rse (K r a ft) Container board ------------------------Back ten d ers, 100 inches and u n d e r 3 F in e grad es -------------------------------S an itary tissu e -------------------------S p ecia l in d u stria l — C ontainer board ---B oxboard ----------------------------------Back ten d ers, 101 to 150 inches 3 ----F in e gra d es -------S an itary tissu e — C o a rs e ( K r a f t ) ----S p ecia l in d u stria l C on tain er board — B oxboard Back te n d ers, 151 to 200 inches 3 F in e grad es ■ San itary tissu e C ontainer board Back ten d ers, 201 inches and o v e r 3 --------------------N ew sp rin t and gro u n d w o o d ------------------------------F in e g rad es ■ C o a rs e (K r a ft) — C ontainer board T h ird hands, 100 inches and under F in e grad es ■ S an itary tissu e — S p ecia l in d u s tr ia lC on tain er board — Boxboard T h ird hands, 101 to 150 inches 3 ■ F in e grad es ■ San itary tissu e — C o a rs e (K ra ft) — C ontainer board B o x b o a r d ----------- See footnotes at end o f table. Num ber of w o rk ers 1,361 365 191 160 220 192 2, 117 994 229 162 118 147 291 789 267 173 97 131 636 131 150 1 20 122 1, 327 362 191 137 219 186 2, 131 991 240 176 115 161 280 775 268 180 123 643 132 151 123 122 1,101 325 109 114 169 174 1,969 933 198 158 135 284 N ew England 2 M id d le A tla n tic A verage h ou rly earnings $3. 05 3. 10 2. 76 3. 08 3. 02 3. 11 3. 49 3. 47 3. 70 3. 77 3. 23 3.41 3. 28 4. 08 3. 8 8 4. 39 4. 37 4.08 4. 70 5. 20 4. 44 4. 64 4. 63 2. 73 2. 77 2. 46 2. 70 2. 71 2 . 79 3. 15 3. 12 3. 30 3. 37 2 .96 3. 07 2.91 3. 70 3. 51 3. 94 3. 66 4. 29 4. 84 4. 05 4. 22 4. 18 2. 57 2. 56 2. 50 2. 47 2. 45 2 . 60 2 . 89 2 . 86 3.05 3.08 2. 83 2. 73 Southeast Southwest G rea t Lakes P a c ific A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings $2. 85 3. 12 $3. 19 _ - $ 2 .9 5 3. 07 3. 33 2 . 81 _ _ _ - - - - 2. - 3. 3. 3. 3. 13 38 35 20 - 20 43 46 74 - 4. 85 - - 5. 56 4. 31 - 2. 53 2. 76 - 2. 65 2. 78 2.95 2. 52 - 2 . 79 3. 05 3. 00 2 . 86 - 2. 71 2.95 3. 01 3. 16 _ 2. 83 - 85 09 09 41 - 4. 59 - 2. 2. 3. 3. _ 2. 57 62 58 72 84 52 - 4. 19 3. 98 2. 2. 2. 2. 44 50 65 34 - 2. 64 80 2. 76 2. - 2. 52 2. 72 2. 77 2.93 - 69 - 3. 98 4. 10 4. 33 3. 83 4. 44 4. 34 4. 42 4. 65 5. 24 4. 50 4. 53 4. 59 2. 77 2. 34 2. 55 4. 03 _ - 3. 88 _ _ 4. 09 _ - 4. 69 - - - - 3. 61 - 3. 89 3. 47 3.98 3.93 4. 22 4.86 4.08 4. 11 4. 15 2. 49 3. 58 - 3. 46 - 3. 69 - 4. 29 - 2. 83 - - - - 3. 38 3. 32 " - 4. 32 - - 3. 26 - 3. 14 - ■ 48 75 17 16 38 34 2 . 88 3. 07 3. 40 3. 34 3. 53 3. 14 3. 82 - 3. 85 - 2. 63 2. 53 3. 11 2 . 37 2. 52 2.91 2 . 90 3. 08 3. 02 2. 75 . 86 2 _ _ _ 3. 90 4. 24 4. 32 _ _ _ _ 4. 26 4. 74 4. 73 _ 4. 69 4. 54 5. 19 _ _ - 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. $3. 85 _ 5. 21 2. 84 2. 70 3. 39 - 4. 15 - 3.03 - 3. 39 4. 27 - 3. 14 69 12 51 50 75 72 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. _ 3. 20 3. 47 3. 71 3. 69 3. 94 4. 56 _ 3. 27 $3. 16 3. 06 3. 74 4. 28 _ - _ 2. - 3. 60 - 3. 62 - - 4. 21 2. _ 2. 91 3. 01 4. 27 3. 83 - 4. 42 2. 3. 3. 3. 00 28 36 50 - 3. 13 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. $3. 46 _ _ 3. 49 _ _ - 3. 52 3.85 3.91 _ _ _ 3.92 3. 84 4. 30 4. 25 - 4. 12 4. 69 - 4. 72 _ 3.19 _ 3. 20 3.41 3.48 _ _ _ 3.39 Table 11. Occupational Averages: Paper and Paperboard Mills— Machine-Room Occupations by Width of Machine— Continued (N u m b er and a vera g e s tra ig h t-tim e hou rly earnings 1 o f m en in s e le c te d m a c h in e -ro o m occu p ation s, United States and s e le c te d r e g io n s , O ctob er 1967) United States Occupation and m achine width T h ird hands, 151 to 200 inches 3 ----------------------------F in e gra d es -------------------------------------------------------- A vera ge h ou rly earnings 787 283 $3. 27 3. 11 3. 41 3. 32 3. 77 4. 04 3. 50 3. 81 3. 82 2. 48 2. 52 2. 43 2. 70 2 . 69 2. 87 2 . 80 2 . 62 2 . 60 2. 94 2. 87 3. 03 2.93 3. 27 3. 47 3. 07 3. 30 3. 29 2 . 59 2. 56 2 . 68 2 . 60 2. 63 2. 25 2 . 79 2. 73 2.97 2 . 82 3. 01 3. 19 2 . 89 3. 00 2. 99 1 68 C ontainer board ------------------------------------------------T h ird hands, 201 inches and o v e r 3 ------------------------N ew sp rin t and g rou n d w ood ---------------------------------F in e grad es -------------------------------------------------------C o a rs e (K r a ft) --------------------------------------------------C ontainer board ------------------------------------------------Fourth hands, 100 inches and under 3 ---------------------F in e gra d es -------------------------------------------------------B oxboard ----------------------------------------------------------Fourth hands, 101 to 150 inches 3 --------------------------F in e g rad es -------------------------------------------------------S an itary tissu e --------------------------------------------------C o a rse ( K r a f t ) --------------------------------------------------C ontainer board -----------------------------------------------Boxboard ----------------------------------------------------------F ou rth hands, 151 to 200 inches 3 -------------------------S an itary tissu e -------------------------------------------------C ontainer board ------------------------------------------------Fou rth hands, 201 inches and o v e r 3 -----------------------N ew sp rin t and groundwood --------------------------------F in e gra d es -------------------------------------------------------C o a rs e (K r a ft) --------------------------------------------------C ontainer board -----------------------------------------------F ifth hands, 100 inches and under ------ '-----------------F ifth hands, 101 to 150 inches 3 -----------------------------F in e grad es ------------------------------------------------------C o a rse (K r a ft) --------------------------------------------------C ontainer board -----------------------------------------------Boxboard ----------------------------------------------------------F ifth hands, 151 to 200 inches 3 ------------------------------F in e gra d es -------------------------------------------------------C o a rs e ( K r a f t ) ---------------------------------------------------Container board ------------------------------------------------F ifth hands, 201 inches and o v e r 3 -------------------------N ew sp rin t and groundwood --------------------------------F in e grad es ------------------------------------------------------C o a rse (K r a ft) --------------------------------------------------Container board ------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 134 632 129 155 123 124 715 134 316 1,829 818 183 144 136 332 727 256 143 127 633 131 155 1 22 129 188 1,042 358 124 115 275 649 245 74 145 587 130 135 124 131 N ew England M id d le A tla n tic Southeast Southwest G rea t Lakes P a c ific A v e r a g e horn:ly earnings $2. 78 2 . 79 2 . 98 - 3. 79 _ $3. 23 3. 06 - 3. 63 _ 3. 53 _ - 3. 43 _ - 2. 41 _ 2 . 49 2. 58 2. 55 - 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. _ - 2. 56 2. 51 2. 57 _ 44 57 50 59 63 76 2 . 49 2. 94 2. 83 _ 3. 17 3. 18 _ _ 2.95 2. 2. 49 60 2. 63 _ 3. 00 - 2. 59 2 . 61 - 2. 47 2. 43 2. 51 _ _ 2. 40 2. 72 2. 70 - 2. - 91 3. 10 2. - 81 2.91 " - " $3. 53 3. 19 3. 64 3. 51 3. 82 4. 18 3. 71 3. 77 3. 80 2. 44 _ _ 2. 74 _ $3. 36 3. 82 - 2. 89 2. 82 3. 00 _ 2 . 68 - 84 2. 84 82 2. 98 3. 18 2 . 89 2.97 2.97 2. - 87 3. 05 _ 61 95 - 3. 08 3. 09 _ _ 75 85 82 3. 05 3. 20 3. 23 80 3. 03 3. 13 3. 30 _ _ - 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 58 65 71 60 51 65 67 60 - 2. 69 2 . 86 - 2. 50 55 31 75 74 92 78 _ 2. - 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. _ 3. 61 3. 90 _ 2.97 - 3. 26 81 2. - _ 4. 03 3. 01 _ _ 59 _ 3. 28 _ 2. 3. 31 2. - - 2. 78 $3. 73 3. 70 - - 3. 13 3. 16 3. 04 3. 33 3. 60 3. 26 3. 29 3. 30 2. 51 2. 53 05 02 14 92 30 _ 3. 75 - 2. 98 2.99 $3. 3. 3. 2. 3. _ - 2.93 2. 97 3. 00 - 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 93 05 01 07 03 11 - 2 . 86 - - ■ " E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid a ys, and late sh ifts. Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown sep a ra tely. Includes data fo r types of p ap er or paperboard not shown s ep a ra tely. NOTE: 2 Num ber of w ork ers Dashes in dicate no data rep orted o r data that do not m eet pu blication c r it e r ia . tou Table 12. Occupational Averages: All Mills by Size o f Community (N u m ber and a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f men in s e le c te d occupations in pulp, p a p er, and p a p erb oa rd m ills by s ize o f com m unity, U nited States and s e le c te d r e g io n s , O cto b er 1967) United States D epartm en t and occupation M etrop olitan areas N ew England 2 N o n m etro politan areas M e tro politan a rea s N onm e tro p olitan a rea s M id d le A tla n tic M e tro p olitan a rea s N on m e tro p olitan a rea s Southeast M e tro p olitan a rea s Num ber A v e ra g e Num ber A v e ra g e hourly hou rly of of w ork ers earnings w o rk ers earnings N onm e tro politan a rea s Southwest M e tro politan a rea s G re a t Lakes Non m e tro politan a rea s P a c ific M e tro p olitan a rea s N on m e tro politan a rea s M e tro politan a rea s N on m e tro politan a rea s $3. 26 2 . 82 $ 3. 03 2. 71 $3. 33 3. 14 $3. 35 3. 11 3. 30 3. 30 3. 23 2. 85 2. 76 2 . 61 2 . 86 2 . 82 2.97 2.91 2. 84 2. 85 3. 80 3.74 3. 17 3. 19 3. 31 3. 52 3. 77 3.95 3. 21 3. 25 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 14 2. 76 3. 66 3. 27 3. 70 3. 15 3. 24 2.93 2.91 2. 65 2. 71 2. 53 2 . 66 2. 65 2 . 66 3.41 3. 15 3. 27 2. 77 2 . 80 2. 56 2. 74 2. 85 2. 67 4. 06 3. 63 3. 81 3. 16 3. 28 3. 21 3. 13 3. 16 3.89 3. 61 3. 26 3. 00 - 3. 42 3. 32 3. 38 3. 08 2.95 3. 52 3. 63 3. 27 3. 20 3. 29 2. 94 2.92 2 . 98 2. 73 2. 78 2. 83 2.69 2.71 2. 76 4. 49 4. 41 4. 23 4. 07 3. 98 3.82 3. 56 3. 53 3. 37 3. 15 3. 15 3. 04 3.03 3. 00 4. 45 4.0 3 3. 55 3. 18 3. 02 A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings P u l£ W oodyard and wood p rep a ra tio n : C rane o p e r a to r s -----------------------------------------------C h ip p erm en ------------------------------------------------------Pulpm aking: Cooks 3 -------------------------------------------------------------Sulphate ------------------------------------------------------Cook h e lp e rs , f i r s t 3 ----------------------------------------Sulphate ------------------------------------------------------G rin d erm en -----------------------------------------------------S c re e n m e n 3 -----------------------------------------------------Sulphate ------------------------------------------------------B le a c h e r m e n 3 -------------------------------------------------Sulphate ------------------------------------------------------Pu lp te s te rs 3 ---------------------------------------------------Sulphate -----------------------------------------------------R e c o v e r y , ca u stic, and acidm aking: R e c o v e r y o p e ra to rs (s u lp h a te )--------------------------R e c o v e r y h e lp e r s , fir s t (sulphate) -------------------- - 228 153 $3. 51 2. 87 653 370 $ 3. 46 2 . 80 286 172 243 155 3. 60 3. 79 3. 11 3. 17 2 . 90 3. 18 3. 28 3. 50 3. 78 2.98 3.03 518 333 542 404 592 370 180 358 $2. 55 2 92 3. 62 3. 74 3.05 3. 10 2. 75 3. 10 3. 23 3. 39 3. 54 2 . 81 2. 84 - 190 152 74 186 87 240 140 222 476 - - - $ 2 . 86 2. 53 3. 08 3. 13 2. 67 2. 72 2. 65 2 . 60 2. 54 2. 75 2. 71 2. 51 2. 51 251 3. 70 3. 20 317 475 3. 71 3. 15 253 709 252 1,502 449 561 805 190 314 3. 38 3. 12 3. 06 2 . 68 2. 71 2. 55 2 . 66 2. 71 2. 54 267 752 244 1,452 557 190 946 245 189 3. 49 3. 16 3. 21 2. 75 2. 78 2 . 68 2 . 61 2. 77 2 . 11 2.92 2.99 2. 63 2. 58 2 . 61 2 . 59 2. 56 2. 56 2 . 92 2, 328 830 40 3 2 , 296 836 392 2,034 764 380 3.59 3. 47 3. 36 3. 24 3. 11 3. 00 2 . 98 2 . 86 2.79 2. 77 2. 74 2. 55 2. 76 2. 74 2,583 946 181 2, 588 937 176 2,463 932 176 3. 65 3. 60 3. 50 3. 30 3. 25 3. 16 3. 02 2.93 2 . 88 2 . 82 2. 76 2 . 66 2. 71 2. 73 3. 16 3. 29 3. 19 2 . 80 2 . 90 2 . 82 2 . 68 2. 76 2 . 66 2. 53 2. 56 2. 52 2. 55 2. 63 3. 34 3. 37 3. 05 3. 05 2 . 88 2. 76 2. 63 2. 56 _ 2 . 60 2 . 62 1 62 2.97 2. 58 $ 3 .0 2 2. 71 $2. 76 2. 52 3. 04 3.03 2. 67 - 2. 74 2. 40 3. 03 2. 57 - - 2. 73 3. 02 2 . 66 - - - - - $3. 76 2 . 90 $3. 76 3. 09 4. 08 4. 08 - 3. 36 3. 36 3.99 3. 99 2. 85 2. 85 3. 89 3.92 3. 18 3. 19 3. 18 3.46 3.46 3. 94 3.97 2. 87 2. 85 4. 00 3. 30 3.95 3. 22 3.98 3. 34 3.94 3. 27 4. 15 3. 68 2. 85 2. 41 2 . 16 3.92 3. 8 8 3. 8 6 3. 29 3. 13 3. 24 2. 78 2. 76 - 3. 56 2. 67 2. 23 - 3. 8 6 3. 16 2. 76 - 4. 04 3. 53 3. 00 3. 66 3. 18 2. 76 3. 35 2. 77 2 . 59 2 . 89 2 . 61 2. 34 2. 74 2. 72 4. 15 3. 82 4. 20 3. 74 3. 49 3. 84 3. 43 3. 37 3. 48 3. 16 3.08 3.04 2 . 90 2. 78 4. 01 3.96 3. 57 3. 51 3. 18 3. 17 $3. 79 2 . 80 3. 3. 3. 3. - 94 94 22 22 - “ $3. 75 2. 83 3. 3. 3. 3. - 87 87 12 12 3. 28 3. 29 3.95 3.95 2 . 79 2 . 80 - 3.03 2 .9 8 3. 23 3. 07 * - - 82 94 17 21 3.39 3. 61 3. 84 3. 18 3. 14 P a p e r and p aperboard Stock p rep a ra tio n : H ead stock p r e p a r e r s , group I ------------------------Head stock p r e p a r e r s , group II 3 ----------------------F in e gra d es ------------------------------------------------B e a te r m e n 3 -----------------------------------------------------F in e g ra d es ------------------------------------------------B oxboard -----------------------------------------------------H ydrap u lp ers 3 --------------------------------------------------F in e g ra d es ------------------------------------------------B oxboard ----------------------------------------------------M achine room : P a p e r-m a c h in e ten ders 3 ----------------------------------F in e g r a d e s -------------------------------------------------B o x b o a r d -----------------------------------------------------B ackten ders 3 ---------------------------------------------------F in e g r a d e s --------------------------------------------------B oxboard -----------------------------------------------------T h ird hands 3 ----------------------------------------------------F in e g ra d es ------------------------------------------------B oxboard -----------------------------------------------------Fou rth hands 3 -------------------------------------------------F in e g ra d es ------------------------------------------------B oxboard -----------------------------------------------------F ifth hands 3 -----------------------------------------------------F in e gra d es ------------------------------------------------- See footn otes at end o f table. 1,900 607 507 1,077 354 2 ,012 756 228 1, 397 388 - 3. 27 2 . 98 2. 40 2. 54 _ 2. 52 - 3. 44 2.95 3. 02 2. 53 2 . 66 2. 48 2. 65 2. 77 2. 53 3. 18 2. 73 3. 22 2 . 29 2. 72 2. 57 2. 58 3. 44 3. 42 3. 11 3. 12 3. 10 2 . 80 2 . 80 2 . 80 2 . 61 2 . 69 2. 74 3. 13 3. 41 2 . 81 3. 05 2 . 59 2 . 79 2. 50 2 . 61 2. 58 2. 65 - 2. 73 2. 71 - - 2 .92 2. 85 80 2. ■ 4. 31 3. 94 3. 57 3. 15 2.91 " 2 .9 6 2 . 82 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 76 76 67 64 47 53 52 - " Table 12. Occupational Averages: All Mills by Size of Community— Continued (N um ber and a vera g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs 1 of m en in s e le c te d occupations in pulp, p a p e r, and p a p erb oa rd m ills by s iz e o f com m unity, United States and s e le c te d region s , O cto b er 1967) United States D ep artm en t and occupation M etrop olitan areas N ew E:ngland 2 N o n m e tro politan areas M e tro politan areas N onm e tro politan a rea s M id d le A tla n tic M e tro p olitan a rea s N on m e tro p olitan a rea s Southeast M e tro p olita n a rea s Num ber A v e ra g e Num ber A v e r a g e hourly of of hou rly w o rk ers earnings w o rk e rs earnings Non m e tro politan a rea s Southwest M e tro p olitan a rea s G re a t Lakes N on m e tr o politan a rea s P a c ific M etro politan a rea s N on m e tr o politan a rea s M e tr o politan areas $3. 17 3. 15 2. 52 2. 78 2 . 98 2 . 82 2 . 62 2 . 59 $ 3. 20 3. 19 2 . 82 2. 83 2 . 89 2. 94 2 . 69 2. 71 $3. 65 3. 65 3. 16 3. 16 3. 12 3. 14 2.93 3. 00 N on m e tro politan a rea s A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings P a p e r and p a p erb oa rd — Continued F in ish in g, ro ll: C alen der o p e ra to rs 3 ----------------------------------------F in e gra d es ------------------------------------------------C alen der h e lp e rs 3 ------------------------------------------F in e g r a d e s -------------------------------------------------R ew in d er op e ra to rs 3 ---------------------------------------F in e g r a d e s -------------------------------------------------R ew in d er h elp ers 3 ------------------------------------------F in e grad es ------------------------------------------------- 361 292 404 283 1, 105 589 823 400 $3. 11 3. 12 2. 65 2. 74 2. 87 2. 78 2 . 62 2 . 59 507 395 536 444 1, 183 609 835 528 $3. 12 3. 10 2. 75 2. 75 2 . 88 2.90 2. 65 2. 65 $ 2 . 88 2 . 88 2. 57 2. 57 2. 67 2 . 62 2 . 49 2. 41 $3. 02 3. 01 2. 73 2. 70 2.79 2 . 82 2. 52 2. 51 $3 .0 9 3. 17 2. 72 2. 76 2. 76 2. 70 2. 56 2. 52 F in ish in g, sheet: C u tters, gu illo tin e type (cut and trim ) 3 ------------F in e g r a d e s -------------------------------------------------C u tters, r o ta ry o r sheet 3 --------------------------------F in e g r a d e s -------------------------------------------------- 893 489 783 511 2 . 82 3. 03 2. 83 2 . 86 811 548 752 563 2. 77 2. 87 2 . 86 2 . 86 2 . 92 3. 01 2. 63 2. 67 2 . 59 2. 65 2. 47 2 . 49 2. 70 3.08 2 . 79 2 . 81 L a b o ra to ry : P a p e r te s te rs 3-------------------------------------------------F in e g rad es ------------------------------------------------- 943 353 2. 83 2. 75 1,284 457 2 . 86 2. 2. 54 60 2. 58 2 . 61 1,265 861 1,086 858 2,422 702 994 2,843 2, 267 576 3. 57 2 . 99 2. 49 3. 52 3. 44 2. 89 3. 56 2. 76 2. 75 2 . 79 1,737 1,169 1,329 1,158 3,896 1,127 1,839 3, 352 2,543 809 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 3. 03 2 . 79 2„ 25 2 . 98 2 . 90 2. 57 2. 99 2 . 49 2 . 49 2. 48 3. 19 2. 85 $2. 87 2 . 89 2 . 61 2 . 62 2. 78 2. 75 2. 55 2 . 60 - $3. 45 _ _ - - $2. 97 2 . 89 - 2.93 2 . 68 2. 63 2. 63 2 . 62 2. 74 2. 85 2. 70 2 . 68 3. 05 - _ _ _ $ 3. 20 _ - 2.92 3. 00 3. 13 3. 11 2 . 90 - - 2. 77 - 2.79 2. 76 2. 57 2. 73 2. 89 2. 85 3. 02 3. 25 2. 75 3. 36 2 . 96 2. 41 3. 39 3. 20 2. 73 3. 28 2 . 68 2. 64 2 . 82 3. 21 2 . 66 2. 34 3. 24 3. 12 2 . 59 3. 28 2. 52 2. 45 2. 74 3. 78 3. 21 49 3. 76 3. 70 3. 05 3. 76 2. 74 2. 73 2 . 79 3. 78 3. 35 2. 50 3. 72 3. 78 3. 17 3. 77 2 . 86 2. 84 2 . 96 4. 09 3. 11 2. 51 3. 73 3. 90 3. 00 3.95 2. 57 2. 57 - - _ _ _ _ $ 2 . 82 2 . 69 2. - 3. 09 - 80 2. 2. 2. 78 2.97 79 90 2 . 88 2 . 92 2. 84 2. 71 2. 63 2 . 90 3. 31 2 . 86 2. 50 3. 31 3. 14 2 . 79 3. 30 2. 71 2 . 69 2 . 79 3. 36 2.99 2. 56 3. 32 3. 30 2. 83 3. 35 2. 71 2 . 69 2. 75 - 2 . 80 2 . 88 2 . 86 _ _ . _ $3. 16 _ - 17 19 07 11 _ _ 3. 20 3. 25 3. 25 3. 25 3. 3. 3. 3. - M iscella n eo u s E le c tr ic ia n s , m a in te n a n c e -----------------------------------F ir e m e n , station ary b o i l e r ----------------------------------J a n itors ---------------------------------------------------------------M a ch in ists, m a in te n a n c e --------------------------------------M illw r ig h t s ----------------------------------------------------------O ile r s -----------------------------------------------------------------P ip e fit t e r s , m a in te n a n c e --------------------------------------T ru c k e rs , p o w er -------------------------------------------------F o r k lift ----------------------------------------------------------Other than f o r k l i f t -------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 55 00 52 48 50 94 56 72 71 76 2 . 66 2. 3. 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 28 24 11 70 18 47 41 57 2. 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 2. 90 32 53 80 80 15 81 73 73 3. 98 3. 60 3. 97 3. 54 2 . 86 2 . 86 3.97 3. 97 3. 23 3. 98 3. 12 3. 11 3. 13 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 97 97 20 97 10 11 08 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid a ys, and late sh ifts. Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown sep a ra tely. Includes data fo r types of pulp, p ap er, or paperboard not shown s ep a ra tely . NOTE: D ashes in d icate no data rep orted or data that do not m eet publication c r it e r ia . 10 01 Table 13. Occupational Averages: All Mills by Size of Mill (N u m ber and a vera g e stra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earnings 1 of m en in s e le c te d occupations in pulp, p a p er, and p a p erb o a rd m ills by s iz e o f m ill, United States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O ctob er 1967) U nited States D epartm ent and occupation Num ber of w o rk ers New England 2 w o rk e rs o r m o re 250-999 w o rk e rs 50-249 w o rk ers 1 ,000 50-249 w o rk e rs A v e ra g e h ou rly earnings Numbe r of w o rk e rs A v e ra g e hourly earnings Numbe r of w ork e rs A v e ra g e h ou rly earn in gs $2. 85 411 251 $3 .4 5 2 . 82 420 266 $ 3. 58 2 . 82 - 427 266 125 371 232 109 370 276 130 83 264 309 231 55 394 323 59 306 226 124 59 256 188 40 310 229 54 3. 74 3. 80 3.64 3. 14 3. 16 3. 03 2.91 3. 17 3. 24 3. 05 3. 61 3. 73 3. 44 2. 83 2 . 81 2. 91 - 97 401 203 117 3.60 3. 72 3.43 3. 00 3. 06 2. 91 2. 76 3. 09 3.25 2 . 99 3. 31 3.42 3. 36 2 . 90 3. 01 2. 87 246 322 208 3.64 3. 07 3. 36 229 400 154 3. 76 3. 25 3. 45 250-999 w ork e rs M:Lddle A tlan tic 1 , 000 w o rk e rs o r m o re 50-249 w o rk e rs 250-999 w o rk e rs 1, 000 w o rk e rs o r m o re $ 2 . 99 2.63 $ 2 . 99 2.69 3. 05 3. 10 2 . 62 _ 2.99 2 . 98 2 . 62 - 3. 14 2. 93 2 . 89 3. 09 - A v e r a g e hou r ly earn in gs Pulp W ood yard and w ood p rep a ra tio n : C rane o p e r a t o r s _____________________________________ C hipper m e n ___________________________________________ Pulpm aking: Cooks 3 _________________________________________________ Sulphate ____________________________________________ S u lp h ite_____________________________________________ Cook h e lp e rs , f i r s t 3 ________________________________ Sulphate ____________________________________________ S u lp h ite_____________________________________________ G r in d e r m e n ___________________________________________ S creen m en 3 ___________________________________________ Sulphate ____________________________________________ S u lp h ite_____________________________________________ B lea ch erm en 3 ________________________________________ Sulphate ____________________________________________ S u lp h ite_____________________________________________ Pulp te s te r s 3 _________________________________________ Sulphate ... .......... _ ....... ..... S u lp h ite_____________________________________________ R e c o v e r y , ca u stic, and acidm akin g: R e c o v e r y o p e ra to rs (s u lp h a te )_____________________ R e c o v e r y h e lp e rs , fir s t (s u lp h a te )________________ C austic o p e ra to rs (c a u s tic is e r s ) (s u lp h a te )______ 50 68 44 20 106 20 20 - 3. 14 3. 27 3. 04 2. 48 3. 14 3. 14 - - - - - - - - - ' 121 ' $ 2 . 88 2. 58 $ 2 .4 7 - 3. 15 3. 01 2. 73 - - 2 . 98 3. 18 2. 87 2. 64 2. 74 2. 51 2 .64 2. 52 2. 35 2. 70 2.67 2. 78 2. 51 2 . 49 - 2.95 2. 58 - - 2 .6 6 2. 74 2 . 68 2. 83 2. 83 - 2. 48 2. 46 - - - 3. 09 79 - 2.6 8 - - - - - 2. ' ' " P a p e r and p ap erb o a rd Stock p re p a ra tio n : Head stock p r e p a r e r s , group I _____________________ Head stock p r e p a r e r s , group 11 3____________________ Fine g ra d es _______________________________________ B e a te r m e n 3 -----------------------------------------------------Fine gra d es _______________________________________ B o x b o a rd ___________________________________________ H ydrapu lper o p e ra to rs 3 _____________________________ Fine g ra d es _______________________________________ M achine room : P a p e r-m a c h in e ten d ers 3 ____________________________ Fin e g ra d es _______________________________________ C o a rse ( K r a f t ) _____________________________________ C on tain er b o a r d ___________________________________ B o x b o a rd ___________________________________________ B ack ten d ers 3 ________________________________________ Fine g ra d es _______________________________________ B o x b o a rd ___________________________________________ T h ird hands 3 __________________________________________ Fin e g r a d e s _____________________ ________________ C on tain er b o a r d ___________________________________ B o x b o a rd ___________________________________________ See footn otes at end o f tab le. 2. 80 2. 77 46 624 193 938 209 325 566 40 2.41 2. 51 2.49 2. 32 2. 47 1, 352 382 2. 94 3. 00 - 209 234 1, 331 382 234 1, 167 359 189 218 2 . 86 - 2. 77 3. 01 2.64 2. 65 2. 70 2. 50 2.47 2 . 39 2. 51 257 491 169 1,250 460 376 870 286 3. 3. 3. 2. 2. 1, 971 707 181 297 248 1,951 706 235 1,829 3. 74 3. 54 4. 14 4. 01 3. 51 3. 38 3. 21 3. 16 3. 08 2. 94 3.29 2 . 92 688 258 240 40 33 22 76 77 2 .60 2. 77 2. 76 217 346 134 766 337 50 315 109 3.62 3. 55 3. 42 3. 01 2 . 88 3. 01 2 . 81 2 . 80 $ 2 . 81 2. 93 2.29 2.43 2. 64 2. 67 1,588 687 269 114 4. 06 3. 83 4. 09 4. 36 4. 04 3.66 3. 46 3.62 3. 29 3. 09 3. 60 3. 28 2. 75 2. 95 1 02 1,602 684 99 1,501 649 115 98 - - 3. 21 2. 45 2. 58 2 . 86 2.47 2.43 - 2. 72 3. 20 2.93 2. 83 2. 70 2 .6 6 2. 56 2. 58 3. 15 2 .6 6 2 . 69 _ 2.43 - $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 70 91 27 50 28 51 3. 52 3. 26 - 3. 10 3. 20 2.93 2.7 8 2 . 98 2. 77 - 2.65 3. 53 3. 73 - _ _ 3. 21 _ _ 2.91 3. 05 _ - 2 . 98 3. 03 _ 2. 94 2.70 2. 70 2.66 2. 50 2. 50 _ 2.46 3. 18 3. 05 3. 19 2.61 2 . 69 2. 54 2 . 68 2 . 62 3. 50 3. 39 3. 37 2 . 82 2. 78 _ 2.79 2.79 3.44 3. 55 _ 3. 22 3. 12 3.24 2 . 89 2. 84 2.91 _ 3. 84 3. 60 _ 3. 44 3. 24 _ 2.9 8 2 . 88 _ 2 .6 8 - Table 13. Occupational Averages: (N um ber and avera ge stra ig h t-tim e hourly earn in gs 1 All Mills by Size of Mill— Continued o f m en in s e le c te d occupations in pulp, p a p er, and p a p erb o a rd m ills b y s iz e o f m ill, U n ited S ta te s and se le c te d re g io n s, O c to b e r 1967) U nited States D epartm en t and occupation N um ber of w o rk e rs New England 2 1, 000 w o rk e rs o r m o re 250-999 w o rk e rs 50-249 w o rk ers A verage h ou rly earn in gs Num ber of w o rk e rs Num ber of w o rk ers A vera ge h ou rly earn in gs 809 $ 2 .4 1 2.4 0 2. 23 2. 37 2. 31 2. 31 2.43 1,727 617 168 255 326 1, 129 336 241 $2 . 84 2. 76 3. 03 2 . 99 2. 70 2 . 81 2.79 2. 85 1,376 585 229 33 362 241 2. 64 2 .63 2 . 20 2. 35 2. 57 2 . 39 347 265 340 269 877 514 633 399 3. 10 3. 02 2. 73 2. 72 2 . 88 2. 84 2. 63 2.62 453 383 490 425 1,049 487 784 417 405 142 376 173 2.47 2. 73 2. 55 2. 57 677 445 499 444 373 129 2. 64 2. 57 1, 017 396 2. 267 655 3. 09 2.65 220 2 . 21 1,469 869 1, 114 897 2, 877 831 1,268 2, 596 2, 058 538 50-249 w o rk e rs 250-999 w o rk e rs A verage h o u rly earn in gs M id d le A tlan tic 1 ,000 w o rk e rs o r m o re 50-249 w o rk e rs 250-999 w o rk e rs 1, 000 w o rk e rs o r m o re $ 2 . 81 2.75 A v e r a g e h o u rly earn in gs P a p e r and p ap erb oard — Continued M achine ro o m — Continued Fou rth hands 3 ________________________________________ F in e g ra d es _______________________________________ C o a rse ( K r a f t ) ____________________________________ C on tain er b o a r d ___________________________________ B o x b o a rd ___________________________________________ F ifth hands 3 __________________________________________ Fin e gra d es _______________________________________ C on tain er b o a r d ___________________________________ Finishing, r o ll: C alen d er o p e ra to rs 3_ --------------------------------------Fin e g ra d es _______________________________________ C alen d er h e lp ers 3 -------------------------------------------F in e g ra d es _______________________________________ Re w in d er o p e ra to rs 3 ----------------------------------------Fin e g ra d es _______________________________________ R ew in d er h e lp ers 3 -------------------------------------------Fin e gra d es _______________________________________ Fin ish in g, sheet: C u tters, g u illo tin e type (cut and t r im ) 3 __________ _______________ _______ Fine gra d es _______________________________________ C u tters, r o ta r y o r ^ h e e t 3 __________________________ L a b o ra to ry : P a p e r te s te r s 3 _______________________________________ F in e gra d es _______________________________________ 161 94 318 418 34 66 68 39 1 10 101 91 927 372 114 97 83 04 15 92 82 73 89 $2. 30 - $ 2 .6 9 2. 57 $ 2 .6 1 2 . 68 $ 2 .4 7 2.45 $ 2 .6 3 2. 71 - - - - - 2 .61 - _ 2 .6 8 - 2. 77 3. 20 3. 22 79 79 2. 97 2. 94 2. 72 2.69 2. 52 2. 30 2. 76 2. 85 2.41 2. 33 2. 2. - - 2 . 90 2. 76 2. 57 2.4 4 2. 70 2.46 2. 48 2. 78 3. 02 3. 08 2. 76 2. 78 2 . 82 2. 84 2 . 59 2. 56 2 . 69 2. 50 2. 42 457 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 85 82 837 285 2.92 2. 91 2. 60 2. 56 2. 58 2. 52 2.62 3. 57 3. 12 2. 51 3.47 3. 51 2 . 92 3. 54 2. 74 2. 73 2.79 1,266 506 1,081 853 2,656 759 1,408 2, 845 2 , 098 747 3.65 3. 23 2. 57 3. 61 3.59 3. 04 3.64 2 . 82 2. 83 2 . 79 2. 84 2.42 2. 17 2. 85 2. 71 2. 57 2.79 2 . 28 2 . 28 3.24 2. 92 2. 27 3. 22 3. 19 2.65 3. 25 2. 51 2.4 8 2. 58 3. 11 2. 85 660 06 12 04 03 2. 64 2. 55 2 . 59 - 2. 75 2. 84 81 2 . 81 2. 622 450 $2. 2. 3. 3. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2 . 66 2 . 59 2 . 60 3. 00 3. 14 2. 73 - - 2 .6 1 2 .6 8 " 2. 97 2. 97 - 2. 76 2. 76 " 2.78 2. 74 2 . 61 2 . 59 3. 09 3. 09 2.72 2. 72 2.93 2 . 79 2.69 2 . 61 2. 2. 2. 2.65 79 80 80 2 . 86 2 . 86 2. 58 2. 74 2. 78 2. 78 2. 78 3. 13 2. 71 3.25 3. 01 2.39 3. 28 3. 26 2. 69 3. 27 3. 50 3. 02 49 3.52 3. 28 2. 87 3.41 2. 84 2. 75 2.99 2. 42 2 . 60 - 2 .66 2 . 66 3. 16 3. 18 M iscella n eo u s E le c tr ic ia n s , m a in ten a n ce _____________________________ F ire m e n , s ta tio n a ry b o i l e r ____________________________ Jan itors ___________________________________________________ M a ch in ists, m a in ten a n ce _______________________________ M illw r ig h t s _______________________________________________ O i l e r s _____________________________________________________ P ip e fit t e r s , m a in ten a n ce _______________________________ T ru c k e rs , p o w e r ________________________________________ TTn-rtlift O ther than fo r k lift ___________________________________ See fo o tn o tes at end of tab le, 266 785 239 157 754 654 1 00 3. 25 2 . 98 2. 50 2.91 2.43 2.41 2. 54 2 . 16 - 3. 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 11 04 77 05 50 50 50 3. 00 2. 97 2.49 3. 03 2.47 2.45 2. 58 2.6 1 2.59 2. 67 2. Table 13. Occupational Averages: All Mills by Size of Mill— Continued (N um ber and a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s 1 of m e n in s e le c te d o cc u p a tio n s in pu lp , p a p e r, and p a p e rb o a rd m ills by s iz e of m ill, U nited S ta te s and s e le c te d re g io n s , O c to b e r 1967) Southwest Southeast D epartm en t and occupation 250-999 w o rk ers 1,000 w o rk ers or m ore 250-999 w o rk e rs G re a t Lakes 1, 000 w o rk e rs o r m o re 50-249 w o rk e rs P a c ific 1 , 000 w o rk e rs o r m o re 250-999 w o rk e rs 1 , 000 w o rk e rs o r m o re $3. 10 2. 72 $ 3. 19 2. 73 $3. 38 3. 09 $3. 30 3. 19 3. 20 3. 05 3. 25 2 . 86 2.93 2.72 2 . 88 3.42 3. 38 3.47 3.92 3. 84 4. 02 3. 19 3. 24 3. 16 2. 2. 2. 84 3. 06 2.92 3. 13 2 . 89 2.7 4 3. 04 2. 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 87 3. 83 3. 79 3. 90 3. 19 3. 19 3. 18 3. 14 3.43 3. 79 3. 32 3. 82 3. 90 3. 79 3. 20 3.21 3. 18 3. 26 82 3. 01 3.71 3. 25 3. 55 3.63 3. 16 3.49 3.70 3. 37 3.49 2 . 88 2 . 86 3. 94 3.62 3. 71 3. 19 250-999 w o rk e rs A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs Pulp W ood yard and w ood p rep a ra tio n : C rane o p e ra to rs _ _______________________ ___ C hipper m e n ____ _ _________________ _______________ Pulpm akin g: C o o k s 3 _______________ ______ _______________________ Sulphate ____________________________________________ S u lp h ite_________________ _________________________ Cook h e lp e rs , f i r s t 3 ________________________________ Sulphate ___________________ ___________________ S u lp h ite__________________________ ________________ G rinde r m e n _________ ___ ____________________________ S r r p ftn r n fin 3 _____ _____ _____ __ ---------------------------- S u lp h a te ________________ Sulphite _____________________________________________ B lea ch erm en 3 --------- ---------------------------------------Sulphate ____________________________________________________ S u lp h ite_________________ _____ ___________ — Pulp te s te r s 3 _____________________________________________ Sulphate ____________________________________________________ S u lp h ite_____________________________________________ R e c o v e r y , c a u stic, and acidm aking: R e c o v e r y o p e ra to rs (s u lp h a te )____ __________________ R e c o v e r y h e lp e rs , f ir s t (s u lp h a te ) ___________________ Caustic o p e ra to rs (c a u s tic is e r s ) (s u lp h a te )_______ $3.77 2 . 89 $3. 76 2. 85 3.92 3. 93 3.74 3. 16 3. 18 - 3. 89 3.92 - 3.46 3.46 3. 21 3. 22 3. 18 3.40 3. 37 3.97 3.97 3.95 3.98 2. 96 2.94 2.79 2 . 79 - - - - - - “ $ 3.71 2.79 - $ 3 ,7 9 2 .9 6 2.93 2.93 - 3.95 3. 95 3. 23 3. 23 - 3. 15 3. 14 3.42 3.43 - " - - 4. 06 4. 06 - 2 . 88 2 . 88 $ 2.66 - - - - 3. 98 3. 16 3. 52 3.95 3.29 3.60 3.94 3. 18 3. 54 3.95 3. 31 3.67 3. 93 3.88 4. 00 3.93 3. 58 3. 89 3. 08 3. 30 3.25 2. 3. 19 ” - ~ 2 .9 2 2 . 86 2. 97 80 82 - 85 11 96 25 87 89 2. _ 3. 35 3. 39 3. 35 3. 78 3. 87 3.74 3. 21 - 3. 19 P a p e r and p ap erb o a rd Stock p rep a ra tio n : Head stock p r e p a r e r s , group I ---- --------------------------Head stock p r e p a r e r s , grou p II 3 ______________________ F in e g r a d e s ________ _ __________________________ B e a te rm e n ^ v.. _r, . . . ,r F in e g r a d e s ________________________ __ ______ B o x b o a rd ______ _________________________________________ H yd rap u lp er o p e r a t o r s 3 _ ___ __ _______________ _ Fine gra d es ----------------------------------------------------------------------M achine ro o m : P a p e r-m a c h in e ten d ers 3 ____ ______________________ Fin e g ra d es _____ _______________ __________ _ C o a rs e (K r a f t ) _______ _____ _______________ — _ C on tain er b o a r d __________________________________________ B o x b o a rd _____________________________________ ___________ B ack ten d ers 3 ____________________________________________ __ F in e g ra d es _ __ _ ______ „______ , _____„ B oxb oard __________________________________________ T h ird hands 3 __________________________________________ F in e gra d es _____ ____________________ __________ C on tain er b o a r d __________________________ _______________ B o x b o a rd . ______________________ ____ _______ _ See fo o tn o tes at end of tab le, - 2. - - 80 4. 24 - 4.25 4. 31 4.46 3.75 _ 4. 05 3. 39 - 3.59 3. 73 2. 85 2.76 4. 33 3. 82 4. 32 4.48 4. 59 3.95 3.49 4. 21 3.67 3. 36 3. 71 3. 74 - - - - 79 - - 2. 76 2. 78 2.71 2.74 2. 48 2.5 4 2. 34 2.46 “ 3.96 4.41 3. 85 4. 29 - _ 3.59 - 3.22 - - - 4 .4 3 3.99 - 3.60 - " 3.29 3.22 3. 19 2. 72 2.76 2.59 2. 77 2 . 81 2.97 3. 03 3.48 3.44 2. 70 3. 00 2.70 2.65 2.64 2.54 2.47 2 . 39 2.47 3. 32 3.46 3. 14 3. 12 3. 07 - - 2 .8 8 2 . 88 2 . 82 2. 85 - 2 . 92 2. 93 3. 90 3. 90 _ 3. 50 3. 51 - 3. 13 3. 12 - - 3. 08 3. 22 4. 60 4. 52 4. 85 4 .7 0 4. 15 4. 17 4. 07 3.74 3.62 3.58 3.74 3. 36 3. 72 - 3. 26 - 3. 03 4. 54 - 4. 10 - 3.61 - " Tabic 13. Occupational Averages: All Mills by Size of Mill— Continued (N um ber and av e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s 1 of m en in se le c te d o cc u p a tio n s in p ulp, p a p e r, and p a p e rb o a rd m ills b y siz e of m ill, U nited S ta te s and se le c te d re g io n s, O c to b e r 1967) Southeast D epartm ent and occupation 250-999 w o rk ers Southwest 1, 0 0 0 w o rk e rs o r m o re 250-999 w o rk e rs G rea t L ak es 1,0 00 w o rk e rs o r m o re 50-249 w o rk e rs 250-999 w o rk e rs P a c ific 1, 000 w o rk e rs o r m o re 250-999 w o rk e rs 1 ,0 00 w o rk e rs or m o re A v e ra g e h ou rly earn in gs P a p e r and p a p erb oa rd — Continued M achine room — Continued F ou rth hands 3 ________________________________________ Fin e gra d es _______________________________________ C o a rse (K r a f t ) ____________________________________ C on tain er b o a r d ___________________________________ B o x b o a rd ___________________________________________ F ifth hands 3 ___________________________________________ Fin e gra d es _______________________________________ C on tain er b o a r d ___________________________________ F in ish in g, r o ll: C alen d er o p era to rs 3 _________________________________ F in e grad es ___________________________________ — C alen d er h e lp e r s 3 ___________________________________ Fin e gra d es _______________________________________ R ew in d er o p e ra to rs 3_________________________________ Fine gra d es _______________________________________ R ew in d er h elp ers 3 ___________________________________ Fin e gra d es _______________________________________ Finishing, sheet: C u tters, g u illotin e type (cut and tr im ) 3 _____________________________________ Fine grad es _______________________________________ C u tters, r o ta r y or s h e e t 3 ___________________________ Fine grad es _______________________________________ L a b o ra to ry : P a p e r te s te rs 3 _______________________________________ Fin e grad es _______________________________________ $3. 03 - 3. 17 3. 16 3. 28 2 . 88 2 . 89 - 2. 85 2.60 - 2. 50 2. 72 $3. 24 3. 07 3. 17 3.25 3. 25 2.92 2. 78 2.91 3. 20 2. 70 3. 02 2 . 92 2 . 69 2. 64 3. 01 3. 00 3. 11 “ 2 . 98 “ $ 2 .9 3 - _ 2. $3. 19 - 2 . 89 - 79 - 3. 18 _ 2.93 - $2. 43 2. 44 - 2. 38 2. 31 2. 41 2. 43 - - - - - - 2. 64 - 3. 01 2 . 90 “ - " 2 . 98 2 .6 8 3. 16 " " 2 . 89 2 .66 14 11 78 80 97 $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 16 12 25 17 05 04 00 - 2 .6 8 2. 50 2.60 2. 51 2 . 59 2. 76 2. 84 2.79 2. 78 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 56 2. 47 2. 2. 2. 93 2. 97 89 67 81 81 $3. 18 _ _ _ _ 3. 03 _ “ _ _ . 3. 12 3. 10 2.95 2.47 2.40 3. 3. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. $ 2 . 89 2. 85 _ _ _ 2. 76 2. 73 3.29 3. 32 2. 84 2. 85 2.95 3. 01 2. 73 2. 76 - 3. 02 3. 18 $2. 78 2. 76 2 .74 2. 78 2.69 2. 73 10 13 13 15 - _ _ _ 3. 14 _ 2 . 92 - 19 22 13 13 3. 14 _ 3. 17 3. 26 3. 23 3. 24 3. 98 3.61 3. 97 3. 70 " “ M iscella n eo u s E le c tr ic ia n s , m a in ten a n ce-------------------------------------F ire m e n , s ta tio n a ry b o i l e r ____________________________ Jan itors __________________________________________________ M a ch in ists, m a in ten a n ce _______________________________ M illw r ig h t s _______________________________________________ O i l e r s _____________________________________________________ P ip e fit t e r s , m a in ten a n ce _______________________________ T ru c k e rs , p ow er ________________________________________ F o r k li f t ________________________________________________ O ther than f o r k l i f t ___________________________________ 1 2 3 2 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 2. 2. 77 37 54 75 76 16 78 82 82 84 3. 94 3. 13 2. 38 3. 54 3. 72 2 . 90 3. 81 2. 46 2. 45 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, h olid a ys, and late sh ifts. Includes data fo r reg io n s in addition to those shown sep a ra tely. Includes data fo r types o f pulp, paper, and p aperboard not shown sep a ra te ly . NO TE: 3. 81 3. 32 2. 46 3. 71 3. 77 3. 15 3. 74 . 90 2 . 89 3. 02 Dashes in dicate no data rep o rted o r data that do not m eet pu blication c r it e r ia . 3. 98 3.45 2 . 60 3. 88 3. 87 3. 26 3. 86 2.79 2 . 79 3. 05 2. 70 2. 35 3. 02 2 . 89 2.45 3. 06 2. 46 2.46 2. 45 3. 29 99 2. 52 3. 30 3. 24 2. 85 3. 28 2. 71 2 . 69 2 . 80 2. 3.48 3. 18 61 3.46 3.41 2. 94 3.44 2. 78 2.77 2 . 80 2. 2 . 86 _ 3.97 3. 98 3. 21 3. 98 3. 09 3. 10 3. 07 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 97 97 25 97 13 13 Table 14. Occupational Averages: All Mills by Size of Mill and Size of Community (N um ber and a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly earn in gs 1 of m en in s e le c te d occupations in pulp, paper, and p a p erb oa rd m ills by s ize of m ill and s iz e o f com m unity, U nited States and s e le c te d re g io n s , O cto b er 1967) United States M etrop olitan a rea s Occupation and s iz e of m ill N um ber of w ork ers N ew England 2 N o n m e tr o politan a rea s A v e ra g e hourly earnings Num ber of w o rk ers A vera ge h ou rly earnings C rane o p e ra to rs : 250—999 w o rk e rs ________________________________ 1 , 0 0 0 w o rk e rs o r m o re _ ______________________ 99 128 $3.44 3. 57 312 292 $ 3 .4 5 3. 58 Cooks, sulphate: 250-999 w o rk e rs ________________________________ 1 , 0 0 0 w o rk e rs o r m o re ______________ _______ 87 81 3. 70 3. 88 179 150 3. 73 3. 76 2 22 2 . 96 3.45 3. 98 163 343 440 3. 08 3. 65 3. 75 2. 72 2. 93 298 379 2. 2 02 463 893 066 2. 93 3.48 3. 62 336 1, 970 1, 590 3. 06 3. 52 3. 57 120 2. 23 2.47 2. 57 100 653 576 2 . 19 2. 54 2. 57 P a p e r-m a c h in e ten d ers, fin e g ra d es: 50—249 w o rk e rs __________________________________ 250-999 w o rk e rs ________________________________ 1 , 0 0 0 w o rk e rs o r m o re ________________________ 364 244 Fou rth hands, fin e g ra d es: 250-999 w o rk e rs ________________________________ 1 , 0 0 0 w o rk e rs or m o re ________________________ M illw rig h ts : 50—249 w o rk e rs __________________________________ 250—999 w o rk e rs ______________________ _______ 1 , 0 0 0 w o rk e rs o r m o re ________________________ J an itors: 50—249 w o rk e rs __________________________________ 250-999 w o rk e rs ________________________________ 1 , 0 0 0 w o rk e rs o r m o re ________________________ 1 2 1, 461 505 E xclu d es p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, Includes data fo r reg io n s in addition to those shown sep arately. N O TE: 319 h olid ays, M e tro politan a rea s M iddle A tla n tic M e tro politan a rea s N onm e tro politan areas Southeast M e tro politan a rea s N onm e tro politan a rea s South' w est N onm e tro politan a rea s G re a t Lak es M e tro politan a rea s P a c ific N on m e tro politan a rea s M e tro politan a rea s $3. 03 3. 19 $3. 38 3. 29 $3. 38 3. 38 3. 73 - 3. 94 - 3. 60 3. 83 4. 34 2. 85 2 . 86 3. 09 N on m e tro politan areas A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs - $ 2 . 89 - - 3. 18 - * - $3. 00 $ 2. 92 - - - - - $3. 80 3. 79 $3. 76 3. 75 $3. 70 3. 79 3. 90 3. 98 3. 95 3. 89 3. 90 2. 92 3. 44 3. 83 2 . 99 3. 68 3. 79 - 2. 58 - 2 . 66 2. 77 2. 85 2. 85 2. 94 2. 97 2. 32 3. 23 3. 05 3. 04 3. 32 3. 29 2. 73 3. 26 3. 27 3.59 3. 77 2. 32 2. 17 2 . 00 2. 35 2. 43 2. 25 2. 37 2. 50 2 . 02 2. 44 2. 48 2. 43 ° 55 - $3. 10 - 80 2. 77 and la te sh ifts. Dashes indicate no data re p o rte d or data that do not m eet publication c r it e r ia . N onm e tro politan a rea s - 3. 40 3. 42 - - - _ . 3. 76 _ 3. 04 _ - 3. 82 3. 76 _ 2. 48 2. 53 - $3. 29 - 2. 92 3. 26 2. 67 - 3. 78 3. 81 _ 2 . 51 2. 54 2. 76 3. 22 3. 26 3. 03 3. 25 3. 48 2. 30 2. 50 2. 58 2. 2. 40 2. 54 62 - - 3. 98 3. 97 _ 2 . 86 - _ _ - 3. 97 _ 2 . 86 Table 15. Occupational Earnings: Table 16. Crane Operators United States 2 New England $2. 30 and under $2. 4 0 -----------------------------$ 2. 40 and under $ 2.50 ------------------------------ 0. 6 . 5. 7 $ 2. 50 $2. 60 $2. 70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2. 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2.60 $2. 70 $2. 80 $2.9 0 $ 3.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. 3 2. 0 $3 .0 0 $3 .1 0 $ 3. 20 $3. 30 $ 3. 40 and and and and and under under under under under $3 .1 0 $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 $3. 40 $ 3.50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. 1 4. 3 5. 8 4. 8 2. 8 2.9 8. 6 5. 7 17. 1 $3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $3. 60 $ 3. 70 $ 3.80 $ 3. 90 $4. 00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. 8 - $4. 00 and o v e r ----------------------------------------- 1 1. 1 1 .2 2. 2 6. 5 1.0 29. 1 25. 4 1.7 . 2 31.4 11.4 8. 6 8. 6 " Southeast G re a t Lak es Southwest . _ 1 .4 . _ - 1 .4 _ - - 4. 1 6. 8 4. 1 17. 1 _ 3. 0 - 13. 0 15. 1 26. 0 4. 8 1.0 - .2 .9 2. 6 " - _ 7. 5 - Under $ 2. 90 -------------------------------------------$ 2. 90 and under $ 3. 0 0 ---------------------------- 0. 8 5. 3 - $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $3. 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3. 1 0 ---------------------------$ 3.20 ---------------------------$ 3. 30 ---------------------------$ 3. 4 0 ---------------------------$3. 50 ---------------------------- 4. 6 2. 6 .6 1 .4 5. 1 1.7 - $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3. 6 0 ---------------------------$ 3. 70 ---------------------------$ 3. 80 ---------------------------$ 3. 90 ---------------------------$ 4.00 ---------------------------- 4. 4. 7. 21. 23. 0 0 5 " P a c ific _ _ 12. 5 0 3. 4 8. 8 2 1 .4 32. 4 $4. 00 and under $4. 10 ---------------------------$4. 10 and o v e r --------------------------------------- 12. 7 7. 3 25. 2 7. 1 4. 2 8. 3 2 8. 12. 16. 16. 20. 3 5 7 7 8 - T o t a l ---------------------------------------------- 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 _ _ N u m ber o f w o rk e rs ---------------------------------A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs 1 ------------------------- 505 $3. 76 238 $3 .9 3 96 $3. 80 100. 0 100. 0 N um ber of w o rk e rs ---------------------------------A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs 1 ------------------------- 881 $3. 48 70 $2. 85 430 $3. 77 99 $3. 75 146 $3. 08 Southeast 1.0 100. 0 Exclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown sep a ra tely. B ecau se of rounding, United States 2 _ 100. 0 NO TE: 1 9. 1 34. 3 51. 5 100. 0 2 A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings 51.4 40. 2 3. 3 T o ta l ----------------------------------------------- 1 Cooks, Sulphate (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f cooks in pulp, p a p e r, and p ap erb oard m ills by a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h o u rly ea rn in gs, 1 United States and s e le c te d r e g io n s , O cto b er 1967) (P e r c e n t distrib u tion of crane o p era to rs in pulp, p a p er, and p ap erb oa rd m ills by a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e hourly earn in gs, 1 United States and selected reg io n s, O ctober 1967) A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings Occupational Earnings: h o lid a ys, sums o f individual item s may not equal 100. and late 1 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, h o lid a y s , and late shifts. 2 Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown sep a ra tely. sh ifts. N O T E : B ecau se o f rounding, sums o f in dividu al item s m ay not equal 100. Table 17. Occupational Earnings: Grindermen Table 18. (P e r c e n t d istrib u tion o f g rin d e rm e n in pulp, p a p er, and pap erb oard m ills by a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in gs, 1 United States and s e le c te d r e g io n s , O ctob er 1967) A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs 1 M iddle United N ew States 2 England A tlan tic $2. 20 and under $2. 30 ------------------$ 2. 30 and under $ 2. 4 0 ------------------$2. 40 and under $2. 5 0 ------------------- 2. 7 5. 5 9. 5 $2. 50 $ 2. 60 $2. 70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2. 90 3. and and and and and under under under under under $2. 60 ------------------$ 2. 7 0 ------------------$2. 8 0 ------------------$ 2 . 9 0 ------------------$ 3. 0 0 ------------------- $ 3. 00 and under $ 3. 10 ------------------$3. 10 and under $3. 20 ------------------$ 3. 20 and under $ 3. 30 ------------------- - 39.4 G reat Lakes 4.9 33.0 - _ 21.7 26. 1 . 44.0 7. 1 - _ 53. 2 7. 3 - 8 1 _ _ _ _ 34. 8 _ 2. 2 6 “ 6 11.6 29. 2 2. 7 10. 6 14. 6. . 5. 8 _ 6. 8 South east 13. 5 15.9 58.0 - - 8.2 - - $ 3. 30 and o v e r ------------------------------- 3. 1 T o ta l ------------------------------------- 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 N u m ber o f w o r k e r s -------------------------A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings 1 --------------- 782 $2. 78 207 $2. 65 109 $2. 53 $3. 17.4 92 12 .5 NO TE: A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs P a c ific - _ 5. 7 57. 1 34. 3 2.9 _ 1 00.0 182 $2. 65 140 $ 3 .0 5 h o lid a y s, B ecause o f rounding, sums o f in dividu al item s m ay not equal 100. Paper-Machine Tenders, Fine Grades (P e r c e n t d istrib u tion o f p a p er-m a ch in e te n d e rs , fin e g ra d es, in pulp, p ap er, and p ap erb oard m ills by a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in gs, 1 United States and s e le c te d r e g io n s , O c to b e r 1967) 100.0 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, late sh ifts. 2 Includes data fo r regio n s in addition to those shown s ep a ra tely. 1 Occupational Earnings: and 1 United N ew M id d le States 2 England A tla n tic South east G rea t Lakes Under $ 2 . 9 0 -------------------------------$ 2. 90 and under $3 .0 0 ---------------- 6. 7 9. 5 12. 4 18. 1 0. 7 16. 2 6. 7 7. 0 3. 4 $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. 8. 6 8. 1 16. 9 9. 3 _ 4. 5 6. 7 12. 0 6. 7 10. 9 11. 3 5. 3 _ _ _ 37. 0 3. 0 4. 6 12. 8 12. 6 10. 9 12. 1 9. 3 2. 0 11. 1 3. 6 2. 2 5. 9 3. 0 3.0 _ 3. 0 2.9 2. 0 1. 7 6. 6 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $3 .1 0 ---------------$ 3. 20 ----------------$ 3. 30 ---------------$ 3. 4 0 ---------------$ 3. 50 ---------------- $3. 50 $ 3. 60 $ 3. 70 $ 3. 80 $ 3 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $3. 60 $ 3. 70 $ 3. 80 $ 3. 90 $4 .0 0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. 5 2. 7 4. 8 4 .0 4. 4 7. 4 3. 6 3. 3 1.9 $4. $4. $4. $4. $4. 00 and and and and and under under under under under $4. $4. $4. $4. $4. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. 4 1.7 1. 5 5.0 3. 3 3. 3 9. 8 - $4. $4. $4. $4. $4. 50 60 70 80 and and and and and under under under under under $4. 60 ---------------$4. 70 ---------------$4. 8 0 ----------------$4. 9 0 ---------------$ 5 . 0 0 ---------------- 2. 2 _ 2. 1 1.0 1. 2 1 .0 ---------------------------- .7 T o t a l ----------------------------------------- 10 0 .0 10 0 .0 1,776 $3. 54 420 $3. 33 $ 10 20 30 40 90 5. 00 and o v e r 10 20 30 40 50 N u m ber o f w o rk e rs -------------------------A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings 1 ---------------- 6.9 10. 4 7. 2 .5 1.0 _ 1.8 .9 .9 3. 6 _ - _ 3. 7 2. 2 10. 4 6. 7 15. 6 - 6.8 4. 2. 1. 3. 1. _ _ _ _ _ _ 7. 0 7. 0 8 _ 4 5 4 5 3. 10. 10. 12. 2. 4 5 5 5 3 - .7 - - - 10. 5 3. 5 10. 5 7.0 10. 5 _ .9 _ - 7. 0 .7 .5 - 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 450 $ 3 .4 2 135 $3. 78 587 $3. 50 1 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s, late sh ifts. 2 Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown se p a ra te ly . N O TE: P a c ific 114 $4. 50 h o lid a y s, and B ecause o f rounding, sums o f in d ivid u al item s m ay not equal 100. Table 19. Occupational Earnings: Fourth Hands, Fine Grades Table 20. Occupational Earnings: Millwrights (Percent distribution of fourth hands, fine grades, in pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills by average straight-tim e hourly earnings, 1 United States and selected regions, October 1967) A verage hourly earnings 1 Under $ 2 . 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2. 40 $2. and and and 2 0 -----------------------------------under $ 2 . 3 0 ----------------under $ 2. 4 0 ----------------under $ 2. 5 0 ----------------- $2. $ 2. $2. $ 2. $ 2. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 60 $ 2 .7 0 $2. 8 0 $2. 9 0 $ 3. 00 $ 3. $ 3. $3. $ 3. $3. 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3. $ 3. $3. $ 3. $3. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 0 ----------------20 -------- - 30 ------------40 ----------------50 ------- - $ 3 .5 0 and fever -----------------------------T o t a l -------------------------------------Number of w o r k e r s -----------------------A verage hourly earnings 1 ------------- Middle United New States 2 England Atlantic 3 .4 5. 1 2. 3 3. 6 13. 17. 11. 18. 6. 1 2 2 0 6 6. 0 6. 3 3. 7 1.0 1. 6 1.0 100.0 1 ,3 6 3 $ 2 .7 5 6. 7 17. 2 11.6 4. 5 15. 7 10. 1 6. 7 12. 7 11 .9 5 .0 5. 3 26. 20. 6. 24. 2. 8 5 3 8 3 _ 1 .5 1 .5 _ 7. 0 - - _ _ 100.0 268 $ 2 . 56 1.0 _ 1.0 100.0 302 $ 2 . 69 South east Great Lakes 10. 7 3 .7 1 .7 3 .9 - 3. 6 10 .7 - 4 .8 3. 6 9 .5 9 .5 23 .8 9 .5 14. 3 - 100.0 84 $ 2 .9 9 4. 23. 21. 24. 8. 4 6 2 3 1 4. 4 (Percent distribution of m illw rights in pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills by average straight-tim e hourly earnings, 1 United States and selected regions, October 1967) - _ _ _ - _ _ 25. 5 52. 7 14. 5 _ 1 .8 - 1. 1 7. 3 1.8 100.0 543 $ 2 . 75 Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. United New Middle States 2 England Atlantic South east South w est Great Lakes P acific Under $ 2. 5 0 ------------------------------------ 1.6 4. 8 5. 1 0. 3 - - - $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $2. $ 2. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 3. 6 0 ----------------7 0 ----------------8 0 ----------------9 0 ----------------00 ----------------- 1 .5 1 .7 3. 8 3. 7 4. 1 1. 3 4 .4 12. 1 18. 2 9. 1 2 .9 1 .9 1 .3 3 .7 7. 7 _ 1. 2 3 .8 $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $3. 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. 10 ----------------20 ----------------3 0 ----------------40 ----------------50 ----------------- 5. 5 8. 7 4 .0 5. 5 5. 3 7 .0 7. 3 4 .9 8 .9 4. 6 20. 1 $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $4. 6 0 ----------------7 0 ----------------80 ----------------9 0 ----------------0 0 ----------------- 2. 3 5. 6 13. 2 17. 3 1 2 .9 $ 4 . 0 0 and o v e r -------------------------------- 3. 2 _ 1 7 .4 23. 5 4 .9 6 .9 7. 4 _ 1. 7 1. 1 .2 - _ _ _ 5 .4 .6 _ _ _ _ - 7 .4 - _ _ 1 .7 2.0 .2 1 .0 _ .2 1.2 8 .4 1 8 .4 8. 8 14. 1 15. 6 _ .5 _ _ - - 3. 5 3 6 .4 43 . 1 7 .0 - 2. 7 2 .9 10. 2 2 .0 _ 7 .8 _ 2.0 .6 7. 2 6.8 _ _ _ _ - _ _ 14. 5 70. 6 .5 3. 1 _ _ _ _ - 93. 5 6. 5 100.0 no $ 3 . 15 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. NO TE: A verage hourly earnings 1 P acific T o t a l -------------------------------------- 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 00.0 1 0 0.0 100.0 100.0 Number of w o r k e r s -----------------------A verage hourly earnings 1 ------------- 6 , 318 $ 3 .4 8 1 ,0 3 3 $ 3 .0 6 782 $ 3 . 18 1 ,8 4 9 $ 3 . 75 401 $ 3 . 83 1 ,4 1 3 $ 3 . 24 674 $ 3 .9 7 1 2 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal 100. Table 21. Occupational Earnings: Janitors Table 22. Method of Wage Payment (Percent distribution of janitors in pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills by average straight-tim e hourly earnings , 1 United States and selected regions, October 1967) (Percent of production w orkers in pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills by method of wage payment, United States and selected regions, October 1967) United States 2 A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs 1 U nder $ Z. 0 0 ________________ 2. 7 4. 2 $ 2 . 00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 1 0 ____ $ 2 . 2 0 ____ $ 2. 3 0 ____ $ 2. 40 $2. 50 3. 3. 6. 13. 6. 1 3 13. 0 24. 1 30. 6 8. 8 $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. and and and and and under under under under under $ 2. $2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 3. 35. 4 16.4 2. 2 9. 5 .8 5. 6 1. 9 - 50 60 70 80 90 $ 3. 00 and o v e r 6 0 ____ 70 8 0 ____ 9 0 ____ 0 0 ____ 2 9 1 .4 __ _ South east N ew M iddle England A tla n tic 2. 5 6. 0 12. 0 3. 2 G reat Lakes _ A l l w o r k e r s __________ 100 . T im e - r a t e d w o r k e r s _______ F o r m a l p la n s ______ ____ Sin gle ra te ___________ R ange o f ra te s _______ In d ivid u al r a t e s _________ 97 94 89 5 2 92 89 89 ( 3) 3 In c e n tiv e w o r k e r s __________ 3 8 7. 8 1. 9 - 3. 8 5. 6 13. 0 4. 9 10. 5 10. 0 4. 7 - 72. 9 7. 9 .3 .4 . 1 75. 3 .6 2. 6 3. 9 27. 5 37.4 5. 6 .9 .2 . 1 4. 5 100 . 0 100. 0 . _ 3. 9 1. 3 90. 0 4. 8 2 N u m b er o f w o r k e r s __ __ _ A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs 1 _________________ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 - 2 100 . 0 South w est 2, 587 216 401 706 154 843 230 $2. 50 $ 2 . 26 $2. 37 $2. 50 $ 2. 52 $2. 54 $2. 85 1 00 100 100 100 98 92 78 14 97 97 94 3 97 95 92 100 100 6 - 2 2 - 3 2 3 3 . 6 B ecau se o f rounding, sums o f in dividu al item s m a y not equal to ta ls. and (Percent of production workers in pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills by scheduled weekly hours, 1 United States and selected regions, October 1967) United State s 2 New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Southwest Great Lakes P acific _______ 100 100 100 10 0 100 100 100 Under 40 hours ______________________________ ____ 40 hours __________________________________________ 42 hours ______________________________________ ___ Over 42 and under 44 hours ____________________ 44 h o u rs------------------------------------------------Over 44 and under 48 hours ____________________ 48 hours __________________________________________ Over 48 hours ____________________________________ 2 68 12 1 2 3 ( 3) 1 2 14 76 1 _ 4 _ 19 1 9 36 24 _ _ 2 23 5 85 9 1 _ _ 4 1 Data relate to the predominant work schedule for full-tim e d ay-sh ift w orkers in each establishm ent. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. L ess than 0. 5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal 100. 83 14 _ _ _ 3 - 99 ( 3) Table 23. Scheduled Weekly Hours A ll w o r k e r s ______ ______________ P a c ific 97 97 91 Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100, W eekly hours 1 G re a t L ak es 100 100. 0 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. N O TE : 100 South east F o r defin ition o f m ethods o f w age paym ent, see appendix A . Includes data fo r regio n s in addition to those shown s e p a ra te ly . L e s s than 0. 5 percen t. NO TE: T o t a l __________________ M id d le United N ew States 2 England A tla n tic _ 4. 0 2. 3 2. 3 1. 7 5.4 - M ethod o f w age paym ent 1 P a c ific 0. 8 5 5 7 7 5 5. 3. 9. 34. 15. - South w est 4 59 8 _ 2 5 21 1 74 26 _ . _ _ 1 Table 24. Shift Differential Practices (P e rc e n t of production w o rk e rs em p loyed on s e le c te d shifts in pulp, p a p er, and pap erb oard m ills by type o f shift and amount of sh ift d iffe r e n tia l, U nited States and sele c te d re g io n s , O ctob er 1967) United States 1 Shift differential Rotating shifts 2 Day W ork ers employed on selected shifts 4 ______ 21. 9 .7 . 2 Under 5 cents _________________________ (5) 7 cents _________________________________ 8 cents _________________________________ 9 cents _______________________________ 10 cents ________________________________ 11 cents _____________________________ _ 12 cents ________________________________ I 2 V2 cents _____________________________ 14 cents 15 cents 16 cents Over 16 n .2 Rprpivitig nr> shift- Hiff<=>rpnHa 1 21. 5 20. 7 20. 4 . 1 .7 3. 9 6. 3 3. 6 3. 3 .8 (5) .8 .4 . 1 ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ cents _________________________ Other ______________________________________ E v e ning Night 21. 0 20. 2 19. 7 (5) . 1 (5) (5) 2. 8 3. 2 .4 2. 6 . 1 1. 3 2. 5 3. 0 2. 7 .9 . 5 .5 .5 21. 3 .8 .8 Ne w England Fixed shifts 3 E ve Night ning 2. 3 2. 3 2. 3 ( 5) . 1 .4 .8 . 3 .5 . 1 1. 1 1. 1 1. 1 (*) (5) . . . . (*) Rotating shifts 2 Day 19. 5 . 1 . 1 . 1 1 2 1 1 E ve ning 19. 19. 19. . . . 3. 5. 4. 2. . 1. 6 0 0 (5) (5) 19. 5 18. 9 18. 9 1. 8 1. 8 1. 8 .3 . 1 . 3 1. 4 0. 5 .5 .5 Rotating shifts 2 Day 22. 6 1. 1 1. 1 E ve ning 22. 0 21. 3 21. 0 2 6 4 8 3 6 3 5 1. 1 19 .4 . 5 20. 6 20. 6 19. 8 19. 8 . 1 . 1 2. 1 4. 2. . 4. 4. ______ . . ______ ______ Receiving no shift d iffe r e n tia l________________ 5 20. 6 11. 3 - . 1 .4 1 .4 1 .4 0. 5 . 5 . 5 Rotating shifts 2 Day 24. 9 1. 0 Fixed shifts 3 E ve Night ning E ve ning Night 24. 7 22. 6 21. 7 2 4 .4 2 2 .4 2 1 .4 0. 7 . 7 . 7 0. 3 .3 .3 . 1 . 1 9. 1 5 .4 1. 8 1. 5 .9 . 1 .3 1. 6 10. 7 8. 8 . 1 . 1 . 2 . 2 .5 2 5 9 3 4 . 2 .5 8 (*) . 1 5 8 . 6 (*) 3 5 3 . 1 . 1 . 2 8 8 0 1. 1 6 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0 . 7 . 7 23. 9 2. 0 2. 0 21. 3 . 9 ( 5) ( 5) - 20. 4 2 0 .4 19. 6 .5 19. 9 - 19. 2 19. 2 19. 2 7. 4 1. 1 .9 1. 8 1. 6 .4 - 19. 2 19. 2 18. 4 . 2 1. 0 . 2 2. 8 1. 1 5. 8 1. 6 5. 6 .9 .9 - - - - - . 9 - - 20. 4 - . 1 Pacific G reat Lakes 1.0 4. 8 . 1 .3 2 21. 5 0. 4 .4 .4 . 1 .2 - . 1 4 5 . 3 2. 7 2. 7 2. 7 .4 2. 2 . 1 - 8 . 5. . 2. 2. 1. 4. . 9. 8. . 2. . 3 20. 5 19. 8 19. 8 . 3 7. 7 9. 7 2. 1 - . 1. 1 1. 0 4. 2 4. 2 4. 2 . 2 . 6 1 .4 1. 2 .4 .3 . 1 - 2. 1 2. 1 2. 1 . 3 . 6 . 1 . 2 .4 . 1 . 2 . 2 . 3 18. 9 - 19. 0 19. 0 19. 0 17. 4 1. 6 3. 4 3. 4 3. 4 . 2 3. 2 " 2. 4 2 .4 2. 4 2. 3 . 1 - - - - - - - ( 5) ( 5) 19. 9 - - - Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown s ep a ra tely. W o rk e rs a ssign ed to rotatin g shifts s u c c e s s iv e ly worked on day, even in g, and night schedu les. W o rk e rs a ssign ed to ex tra fixed shifts re g u la rly worked e ith e r even in g o r night schedu les. In addition to rotatin g and fix ed sh ifts, other types, such as o s c illa tin g , accounted fo r 1. 2 p ercen t o f the w o rk e rs . L e s s than 0. 05 percen t. NO TE: . 3 8. 2 — Other _________________________________________ 1 2 3 4 - 21. 5 20. 8 20. 5 1. 0 2. 0 Southwest W ork ers employed on selected shifts 4 _________ Receiving shift d iffe r e n tia l-----------------------------Uniform cents per hour ____________________ Under 5 cents ____________________________ 5 cents -----------------------------------------------------6 cents -----------------------------------------------------7 cents _______________________ __________ 8 cents ____________________________________ 9 cents ____________________________________ 10 cents ________________ r_________________ 11 cents ___________________________________ 12 cents ___________________________________ 1 2 V2 cents ________________________________ 13 cents ___________________________________ 14 cents ___________________________________ 15 cents ___________________________________ 16 cents ___________________________________ Over 16 cents ____________________________ Night Southeast Fixed shifts 3 E ve Night ning 3 (*) . 1 . 3 . 1 . 1 (5_) Night Middle Atlantic Fixed shifts 3 E ve Night ning B ecause of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal tota ls. G) 01 Table 25. Paid Holidays (Percent of production workers in pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills with form al provisions for paid holidays, United States and selected regions, October 1967) Number of paid holidays A ll w orkers .. .. . ............. W orkers in establishm ents providing paid h olid ays_______ L ess than 7 days . 7 d a y s________________________________________________________ 7 days plus 2 half days _ _ _ __ __ .. .. 8 d a y s_____________________________________________________ 8 days plus 1 or 2 half days _______________________________ 9 d a y s________________________________________________________ 1 0 days _ W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays 1 2 United States 1 New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Southwest Great Lakes P acific 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 1 100 1 12 (2) 80 1 6 (2) (2 ) _ 17 _ 72 3‘ _ 19 (2 ) 58 8 _ (2 ) 14 _ 2 84 _ 19 1 3 9 7 88 87 _ 98 2 6 2 - - - Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. L ess than 0. 5 percent. NO TE : Because of rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not equal totals. Table 26. Paid Vacations (Percent of production workers in pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills with form al provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of serv ic e, United States and selected regions, October 1967) Vacation policy A ll workers __________________________________________ ___ United States 1 New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Southwest Great Lakes P acific 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 70 30 75 25 71 29 50 50 49 51 75 25 100 100 96 3 97 _ 3 88 6 6 96 100 2 - - - (3 ) - - 1 - 79 3 17 (3 ) 92 (3 ) 77 87 92 8 2 - 8 15 9 8 “ 1 1 Method of payment W orkers in establishm ents providing paid vacations______ Length of time paym ent____________________________________ Percentage p a y m e n t________________________________________ Amount of vacation p a y 2 After 1 year of service 1 w e e k ___________________________________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s_____________________________________ 2 w e e k s__________________________________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 w ee k s_____________________________________ 1 96 4 (3 ) 100 - _ - After 2 years of service 1 w e e k ___________________________________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s_____________________________________ 2 weeks _ ___ _ _ __ _ _ __ _____ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s_________________ ____________________ See footnotes at end of table. 12 91 4 5 88 - - - Table 26. Paid Vacations— Continued (Percent of production workers in pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills with form al provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of ser v ic e, United States and selected regions, October 1967) Vacation p o lic y U nited States 1 N ew England M id d le A tla n tic Southeast Southwest G rea t Lakes P a c ific Amount o f vacation p a y 2— Continued A fte r 3 y ea rs of s e rv ic e 1 w e e k ____________________ ______ ____________________ ______ O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s _____________________________________ 2 w e e k s ___________________________________ __________________ __ O v e r 2 and under 3 w eeks ______ _________ _ _ 2 _ 95 4 . _ 100 - 10 1 83 5 - 44 3 53 - 96 3 1 97 3 92 5 3 95 5 ■ 95 _ 5 97 3 (3 ) 2 1 95 2 2 _ 98 2 3 90 4 2 1 94 4 3 _ 97 - 1 1 96 2 _ 100 - 2 (3 ) 37 1 59 1 1 _ 85 _ 14 2 2 52 1 41 3 2 1 14 1 80 2 3 _ 10 _ 87 - _ 40 3 58 - _ 3 _ 97 - 2 6 1 87 2 2 (3 ) 1 8 _ 89 4 6 1 80 2 5 3 1 9 . 86 4 _ 3 1 _ 91 _ 5 . 6 2 88 1 3 _ _ " - - 5 24 2 67 1 2 40 57 7 21 1 68 2 4 15 _ 81 - 8 31 3 55 3 3 26 4 66 1 5 20 2 48 1 25 1 27 42 30 8 23 1 49 4 14 7 16 1 38 _ 37 4 15 _ 22 _ 59 14 1 83 2 2 98 _ 100 - A fte r 5 yea rs o f s e rv ic e 2 w e e k s ______________________________________ ______ _____ __ O v e r 2 and under 3 w eeks _______ _ _ ___ 3 w e e k s ______________________ __________________ ___________ __ 100 _ - A fte r 10 y ears o f s e rv ic e ? O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s _____________________________________ 3 w eeks _ _______ ___ __ O ver 3 and under 4 w e e k s _____________________________________ - A fte r 15 y ears of s e rv ic e ? mcplrc O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s _____________________________________ 3 w eeks _ _ _ __ __ _____ _ _ O v e r 3 and under 4 w e e k s _____________________________________ 4 w e e k s ______________________________________________________ ____ O v e r 4 and under 5 w e e k s ______________ _____ ______________ - A fte r 20 yea rs o f s e rv ic e Under 3 w e e k s __________________________________________________ 3 w e e k s __________________________________________________________ O v e r 3 and under 4 w e e k s _________________________ _________ 4 w e e k s __________________________________________________________ O v e r 4 and under 5 w e e k s _____________________________________ 5 w e e k s __________________________________________________________ O v e r 5 and under 6 w e e k s _____________________________________ - 2 - 99 _ (3 ) A fte r 25 y ears o f s e rv ic e Under 4 w e e k s ________________________________ ________________ 4 w e e k s __________________________________________________________ O v e r 4 and under 5 w e e k s _____________________________________ 5 wp.ftks __ __ O v e r 5 and under 6 w e e k s _____________________________________ _ 2 _ 98 - A fte r 30 y ears of s e rv ic e Under 4 w e e k s __________________________________________________ 4 w e e k s ______________________________________________________ — O v e r 4 and under 5 w e e k s _____________________________________ 5 w e e k s __________________________________________________________ O v e r 5 and under 6 w e e k s _____________________________________ 6 w e e k s __________________________________________________________ 1 2 3 25 5 48 1 18 2 _ 98 _ - Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Vacation payments expressed as a percent of annual earnings were converted to an equivalent time b a sis. Periods of service were arb itrarily chosen and do not n ecessarily reflect the individual establishm ent provisions for progression . For exam ple, the changes in p r o portions indicated at 10 years may include changes occurring between 5 and 10 y e a rs. L ess than 0. 5 percent. 3 NO TE : Because of rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not equal totals. Table 27. Health, Insurance, and Retirement Plans (Percent of production workers in pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills with specified health, insurance, and retirem ent plans, United States and selected regions, October 1967) T yp e of plan 1 A l l w o r k e r s ___________ _______________________________ W o rk e rs in estab lish m en ts providin g: L ife in su ran ce ___________ __ ----------- ------ -------------E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d ---------------------- __ ------ ------ _ J oin tly fin a n c e d ----------------- ■_---------------- __ ------ A c c id e n ta l death and d ism em b erm en t in s u ra n c e ______ E m p lo y e r financed ______ ______ ________ __ ----J oin tly fin a n c e d ___ _________________________ ____ Sickness and accid en t insurance or s ick le a v e o r both 3 ____________________________ _______ Sickness and accid en t insurance _______________ _ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d _________________________________ J oin tly fin a n c e d ___ _____ _________________________ S ick le a v e (fu ll pay, no w aiting p e r io d )___________ _ Sick le a v e (p a rtia l pay or w aiting p e r i o d ) ___________ H o s p ita liza tio n in s u r a n c e ________________________________ C o v e rin g e m p lo y ees only _____________________________ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d _________________________________ J oin tly fin a n c e d ------------- -------------------------------C o v e rin g e m p lo y ees and th eir dependents ------------E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d _________________________________ J oin tly fin a n c e d ___ _______________________________ E m p lo y e r financed fo r em p loyees, jo in tly financed fo r dependents __________________ J oin tly financed fo r em p loyees, e m p lo y e r financed fo r d ep en d en ts ______________ S u rg ic a l insu rance ________________________________________ C o v e rin g e m p lo y ees only ____________ _____ _______ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d _________________________________ J oin tly fin a n c e d _____________________________________ C o v e rin g em p lo y e e s and th eir dependents __________ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d ---- -----------------------------------Join tly fin a n c e d ____________________ ___ ___ ____ E m p lo y e r financed fo r em p loyees, jo in tly financed fo r d ep en d en ts_____ ________ _ J oin tly financed fo r em p loyees, e m p lo y e r financed fo r d ep en d en ts ________ ____ M e d ic a l in su ran ce ------------------------------------------------C o v e rin g e m p lo y ees only _____________________________ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d ______ ________________________ Join tly fin a n c e d ----------------------------------------------C o verin g em p lo y e e s and th eir dependents __________ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d _____________ _______________ _ Join tly fin a n c e d ___ ____________ ________ _____ _ E m p lo y e r financed fo r em p loyees, jo in tly financed fo r dependents ________________ J oin tly financed fo r em p loyees, e m p lo y e r financed fo r d ep en d en ts______________ See footnotes at end of table. U nited States 2 N ew England M id d le A tla n tic 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 66 34 77 55 22 100 73 27 82 65 16 100 89 11 69 67 2 100 58 42 67 41 26 100 29 71 80 21 59 100 52 48 76 44 32 100 100 100 100 - 97 94 62 32 5 8 99 11 10 1 89 22 38 96 96 68 28 3 100 22 22 78 32 38 87 85 73 12 7 3 100 11 11 89 53 10 99 99 57 41 5 13 99 15 12 4 84 4 46 100 93 28 65 9 17 100 7 7 93 6 39 98 93 52 40 7 12 100 5 4 1 95 29 58 100 98 98 2 100 29 8 26 35 49 7 92 100 22 22 100 11 11 100 7 7 89 53 10 93 6 39 1 100 5 4 1 95 29 58 100 78 32 38 99 15 12 4 84 4 46 8 26 35 49 7 92 1 97 5 4 1 92 28 56 100 100 8 - 7 92 1 ~ (4) 99 11 10 1 89 22 38 29 (4 ) 92 9 9 (4) 82 21 35 27 (4) - - - Southeast Southwest - - - - - 99 22 22 77 32 38 95 11 11 84 49 9 73 9 9 100 64 3 34 7 93 6 39 7 26 27 49 ■ " - r G rea t Lakes P a c ific - 100 8 - - - - 100 8 - - Table 27. Health, Insurance, and Retirement Plans— Continued (P e rc e n t of production w o r k e r s in pulp, p a p er, and p ap erb oa rd m ills with s p e c ifie d health, in su ran ce, and r e tire m e n t plans, United States and s e le c te d r e g io n s , O ctob er 1967) Type o f plan U nited States 2 1 W o rk e rs in establishm ents providin g— Continued C atastrophe in s u r a n c e _________ _________________________ C o verin g em p loyees only _______________________ ____ E m p lo y er fin a n c e d _________________________________ Join tly fin a n c e d _________________ ________________ C o v e rin g em p loyees and th eir dependents __________ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d _________________________________ J oin tly fin a n c e d __________________________________ _ E m p lo y e r financed fo r em ployees, jo in tly financed fo r d ep en d en ts__________________ J oin tly financed fo r em p loyees, em p lo yer financed fo r dependents __ ___________ R e tire m e n t plans 5 ______ ________________________________ P en sio n plans __________________ __ ________ _______ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d ______ _________________________ J oin tly fin a n c e d ---------------------- __ ------------------Lu m p-su m p a y m e n ts __________________________________ N o plans ____________________________________________________ N ew England 62 7 78 15 15 6 - (4) 55 63 M id d le A tla n tic 47 10 10 - G rea t Lakes Sou theast Southwest 46 5 4 31 66 99 6 4 4 62 17 43 - . 99 1 92 1 6 - P a c ific 40 28 37 18 4 28 25 17 18 16 16 11 9 (4) 97 97 73 24 3 99 99 79 20 91 91 75 16 99 99 70 29 22 1 10 6 2 - 3 - - 1 - - * - 11 26 20 (4) 2 6 - - 1 - 100 100 99 97 75 100 1 00 40 60 99 1 Includes only those plans fo r which at le a s t p art of the co st is borne by the e m p lo y e r. L e g a lly re q u ire d plans such as w o rk m en 's com pen sation and s o c ia l s ecu rity w ere excluded; h o w e v e r, those plans re q u ire d by State te m p o ra ry d is a b ility insu rance law s a re included if the e m p lo y e r contributes m o re than is le g a lly req u ired or the e m p lo y ees r e c e iv e b en efits in ex c e s s o f le g a l re q u ire m e n ts . In the B u reau 's 1962 s u rvey, plans req u ired by the State te m p o ra ry d is a b ility insu rance law s w e re included if financed at le a s t in part by the em p lo y e r. 2 Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown sep a ra tely . 3 Unduplicated total of w o rk e rs re c e iv in g sick le a v e o r sick n ess and accid en t in su ran ce shown s ep a ra tely . 4 L e s s than 0. 5 percent. 5 Unduplicated total o f w o rk e rs c o vered by pension or lu m p-su m paym ents shown s e p a ra te ly . N O TE: Because of rounding, sums of individu al item s m ay not equal tota ls. Table 28. Other Selected Benefits (P e rc e n t o f production w o rk e rs in pulp, p ap er, and p a p erb o a rd m ills w ith fo r m a l p ro v is io n s fo r paid fu n eral le a v e , ju ry-d u ty lea ve, and sev e ra n c e pay, U nited States and s e le c te d r e g io n s , O cto b er 1967) Item U nited States 2 1 A l l w o r k e r s __________________________________________ _ W o rk e rs in establishm ents with fo rm a l p ro visio n s fo r: P a id fu n eral lea ve ------ -------- ------------ -----------------P a id ju ry -d u ty le a v e ______________________ _____________ _ S evera n ce pay ______________________________________________ 1 2 3 N ew England M id d le A tla n tic Southeast Southwest G rea t Lakes P a c ific 100 100 100 1 00 100 100 1 00 98 100 93 26 99 90 34 99 97 40 94 96 70 98 69 13 160 88 28 98 ( 3) F o r definition of item s, see appendix A . Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown s e p a ra te ly . L e s s than 0. 5 percent. Cl) (0 Appendix A. Scope and M ethod o f Survey Scope of Su rvey T his su rv ey co v ered esta b lish m en ts p r im a rily engaged in m anufacturing (1) pulp from wood or from other m a te r ia ls such as r a g s, lin te r s , w a ste p a p er, and straw ; (2) paper (excep t building paper) from woodpulp and other fib er s; and (3) p ap erb oard , including p a p erboard coated on the paperboard m a ch in e, from woodpulp and other fib er s (ind ustry groups 261, 262, and 263 as defined in the 1967 ed ition of the Standard In d u strial C la ssific a tio n M anual, p rep ared by the U. S. B ureau of the B udget). Separate a u x ilia ry units such as cen tra l o ffices w ere exclu d ed . D ata for w o rk ers in con verted paper products d epartm en ts of m ills co v ered by the study w ere exclud ed from the regu lar earn in gs tabu lations and a re p resen ted sep a ra tely . E sta b lish m en ts studied w ere s e le c te d from th ose em ploying 50 w o rk ers or m o re at the tim e of r e fe r e n c e of the data u sed in com pilin g the u n iv erse lis ts (unem ploym ent in su ran ce listin g s com p iled by the v ariou s S ta tes). The num ber of esta b lish m en ts and w o rk ers actu ally stud ied by the B u reau , as w ell as the num ber estim a ted to be in the ind ustry during the p a y ro ll p erio d stu d ied , a re show n in the tab le below . Estimated Number of Establishments and Workers Within Scope of Survey and Number Studied, Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, October 1967 Number of establishments Region 1 All mills: United States ^ —------------------------------New England --------- --------------------Middle A tla n tic -------------------------Southeast -----------------------------------Southwest -----------------------------------Great Lakes---------------------------------P acific----------------------------------------Pulpmills: United States 3 ----------------------------------Southeast-----------------------------------— P a cific-----------------------------------------Pa perm ills: United States 3 ----------------------------------New England ------------------------------Middle A tla n tic ------------------------ — Southeast------------------------------------ Southwest ------- ----------------------------Great Lakes------------------------------- P a cific-----------------------------------------Paperboard mills: United States 5 ----------------------------------New England------------------------------- Middle A tla n tic ------------------------ Southeast-------------------------------------Southwest ------------------------------------Great Lakes --------------------------------P a cific------------------------------------------ Workers in establishments Within scope of survey Production Total 3 workers 4 Within scope of survey 2 Studied 510 96 109 70 19 146 50 287 41 47 52 16 86 34 245, 222 37,517 35, 114 59,385 17, 474 64, 441 24, 942 197,919 29,866 27,368 48, 827 14,516 51,870 20, 284 195,190 26,424 23,628 53,511 16,356 49,698 20,480 17 5 9 15 4 8 7, 611 4, 146 2, 698 6,406 3, 558 2, 210 6, 852 3,418 2,667 292 68 65 27 12 92 21 160 26 30 22 10 53 14 167,549 31,809 26, 491 32, 393 10, 653 48, 663 14, 206 133,078 21,963 18,677 31,056 9,973 37,370 10,902 201 26 44 38 7 53 20 112 13 17 26 6 32 12 70, 062 5, 191 8, 623 22, 846 6, 821 15, 528 8, 038 135,719 25, 521 20, 631 26, 828 8, 742 39, 634 11,701 55, 794 3,920 6,737 18, 441 5, 774 12,023 6, 373 Studied 55,260 3,944 4, 951 19,037 6,383 12,078 6,911 1 The regions used in this study include: New England—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Southeast—Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia; Southwest—Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; Great Lakes—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; and Pacific-^ California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study. 2 Includes only establishments that employed 50 workers or more at the tim e of reference of the universe data. 3 Includes executive, professional, office clerical, and other workers excluded from the production worker category shown separately. 4 Includes workers in converted paper products departments of mills covered by the survey. 5 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 41 42 M ethod of Study D ata w ere obtained by p e rso n a l v is its of B ureau field sta ff. The su rv ey w as conducted on a sa m p le b a s is . To obtain app ropriate a ccu ra cy at m inim um c o s t, a g rea ter proportion of la r g e than of sm a ll esta b lish m en ts w as stud ied. In com bining the data, h o w ev er, a ll esta b lish m en ts w ere given th eir app ropriate w eight. A ll e stim a te s a re p r e se n te d , th e r e fo r e , as rela tin g to a ll esta b lish m en ts in the in d u stry group, and exclu d e only th o se below the m inim um s iz e at the tim e of re fe r e n c e of the u n iv e rse data. E sta b lish m en t D efin itio n An esta b lish m en t, for p u rp o ses of th is stud y, is defined as a sin g le p h y sica l locatio n w h ere in d u stria l o p eration s a re p erfo rm ed . An esta b lish m en t is not n e c e s s a r ily id en tica l with the com pany, w hich m ay c o n sist of one or m o re esta b lish m en ts. E m p loym en t The e stim a te s of the num ber of w o rk ers w ithin the sco p e of the study are intended as a g en era l guide to the s iz e and co m p o sitio n of the labor fo rce included in the su rv ey . The advance planning n e c e s s a r y to m ake a w age su rv ey req u ires the u se of lis ts of esta b lish m en ts a sse m b led co n sid era b ly in advance of the p a y ro ll p erio d stud ied. P ro d u ctio n W orkers "P rod uction w o r k e r s," as u sed in th is rep o rt, in clu d es w orking fo rem en and a ll non su p e r v iso r y w o rk ers engaged in non office fu n ction s. A d m in istra tiv e, ex e c u tiv e , p r o fe ssio n a l and tech n ica l p e r so n n e l, and fo r c e -a c c o u n t co n stru ctio n e m p lo y e e s, who w ere u tilized as a sep a ra te w ork fo rce on the fir m 's own p r o p e r tie s, w ere exclud ed. O ccupations S e lec ted for Study O ccup ation al c la ss ific a tio n w as b ased on a uniform s e t of jol d e sc rip tio n s d esig n ed to take account of in ter esta b lish m en t and in ter a r ea v a ria tio n s in d u ties w ithin the sam e job. (See appendix B for th ese job d e sc r ip tio n s .) The occu pations w ere ch osen for th eir n u m erica l im p o rta n ce, th eir u se fu ln e ss in c o lle c tiv e bargain in g, or th eir r e p r e se n ta tiv e n e ss of the en tire job s c a le in the in d u stry . W orking s u p e r v iso r s , a p p ren tic es, le a r n e r s, b eg in n ers, tr a in e e s, handicapped, p art tim e , tem p o ra ry , and p rob ation ary w o rk ers w ere not rep orted in the data for s e le c te d o ccu p a tio n s, but w ere included in the data for a ll prod uction w o rk e rs. W age D ata The w age in form ation r e la te s to str a ig h t-tim e h ou rly e a r n in g s, exclud in g p rem iu m pay for o v ertim e and for w ork on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts. Incentive p ay m en ts, such as th ose resu ltin g from p iecew o rk or production bonus sy ste m s and c o s t-o f-liv in g b o n u ses, w ere includ ed as p art of the w o rk e r's regu lar pay; but nonproduction bonus p a y m en ts, such as C h ristm a s or yearen d b o n u ses, w ere exclud ed. A v era g e (m ean) hou rly ra tes of earn in gs for each occu pation or other group of w o r k e r s, such as m en , w om en, or prod uction w o rk ers w ere ca lcu la ted by w eighting each rate (or hourly earn in gs) by the num ber of w o rk ers receiv in g the ra te, to ta lin g , and dividing by the num ber of in d iv id u a ls. The hou rly earn in gs of sa la ried w o rk ers w ere obtained by dividing th eir str a ig h t-tim e sa la r y by n orm al rath er than actual h o u rs. S ize of C om m unity T abulations by s iz e of com m un ity p erta in to m etro p o lita n and n on m etrop olitan a r e a s . The term " m etrop olitan a rea , " as u sed in th is rep o rt, r e fe r s to the Standard M etrop olitan S ta tistic a l A rea s as defined by the U. S. B ureau of the Budget through A p ril 1967. 43 E xcept in N ew E ngland, a Standard M etrop olitan S ta tistic a l A rea is defined as a county or group of contiguous cou n ties w hich contains at le a st one city of 5 0 ,0 0 0 inhabitants or m o re. Contiguous cou n ties to the one containing such a city are includ ed in a Standard M etrop olitan S ta tistic a l A rea if, accord in g to certa in c r ite r ia , they are e s s e n tia lly m etro p o lita n in c h a r a c ter and are in tegrated s o c ia lly and eco n o m ica lly w ith the cen tra l city . In N ew England, w here the city and town are a d m in istra tiv ely m o re im portant than the county, they are the units u sed in defining Standard M etrop olitan S ta tistic a l A r e a s. M ethod of W age P aym ent T abulations by m ethod of w age paym ent r ela te to the num ber of w o rk ers paid under the v a rio u s tim e and in cen tiv e w age s y s te m s . F o rm a l rate stru ctu re s for tim e -r a te d w o rk ers p rovid e sin g le ra tes or a range of ra tes for ind ividu al job c a te g o r ie s. In the a b sen ce of a fo rm a l rate stru ctu re , pay ra tes are d eterm in ed p r im a r ily accord in g to the q u a lifica tio n s of the ind ividu al w o rk er. A sin g le rate stru ctu re is one in w hich the sa m e rate is paid to a ll ex p erien ced w o rk ers in the sa m e job c la ss ific a tio n . L e a r n e r s, a p p ren tic es, or prob ation ary w o rk ers m ay be paid accord in g to rate sch ed u les w hich sta rt below the sin g le rate and p erm it the w o rk ers to a ch ieve the fu ll job rate over a p erio d of tim e. Individual ex p erien ced w o rk ers o c c a sio n a lly m ay be paid above or below the sin g le rate for sp e c ia l r e a so n s, but such paym en ts are regard ed as ex cep tio n s. R a n g e-o f-r a te plans a re th ose in w hich the m inim um a n d /o r m axim um ra tes paid ex p erien ced w o rk ers for the sa m e job a re sp ec ified . S p ecific ra tes of individual w o rk ers w ithin the range m ay be d eterm in ed by m e r it, length of s e r v ic e , or a com bination of v a rio u s con cep ts of m e r it and length of s e r v ic e . Incentive w o rk ers includ e th ose paid under p iecew o rk or bonus p la n s. P ie cew o rk is w ork for w hich a p red eterm in ed rate is paid for each unit of output. P rod u ction b on u ses are b ased on production in e x c e s s of a quota or for co m p letion of a job in le s s than standard tim e. Scheduled W eekly H ours D ata on w eek ly hours refe r to the predom inant w ork sch ed u le for fu ll-tim e prod uction w o rk ers em p loyed on the day sh ift. Shift P r a c tic e s D ata rela te to sh ift p r a c tic e s of esta b lish m en ts during the p a y ro ll p eriod stu d ied , and are p r esen te d in te r m s of the p rop ortion of prod uction and rela ted w o rk ers a ctu ally em p loyed under the conditions sp ec ified . W orkers a ssig n ed to rotating sh ifts v a rio u sly w ork on day, ev en in g , and night sh ifts; w o rk ers a ssig n e d to o sc illa tin g sh ifts have w ork sch ed u les w hich a ltern a te b etw een two p erio d s of tim e (e .g . , m idnight to 8 a. m . , 8 a. m . to 4 p .m .) but do not m ake the fu ll cy cle as under rotating sh ift a rra n g em en ts. W orkers a ssig n ed to fixed sh ifts have a constant w ork sch ed u le. Su pp lem entary W age P ro v isio n s Su pp lem entary b en efits w ere trea ted s ta tistic a lly on the b a sis that if fo rm a l p r o v isio n s w ere ap p licab le to half of the prod uction w o rk ers or m o re in an esta b lish m en t, the b en efits w ere co n sid ered app licab le to a ll such w o rk e rs. S im ila r ly , if few er than h alf of the w o rk ers w ere co v ered , the ben efit w as co n sid ered n o n ex isten t in the esta b lish m en t. B eca u se of len gth o f-s e r v ic e and other e lig ib ility req u irem en ts, the p rop ortion of w o rk ers rec eiv in g the b en efits m ay be sm a lle r than estim a ted . P aid H olid ays. P aid holiday p r o v isio n s rela te to fu ll-d a y and h a lf-d a y h olid ays p r o vided annually. P a id V a ca tio n s. The su m m ary of v acation plans is lim ited to fo rm a l a rra n g em e n ts, and ex clu d es in form al plans w h ereby tim e off w ith pay is granted at the d isc r e tio n of the em p lo y er or the su p erv iso r. P a ym en ts not on a tim e b a sis w ere converted; for ex a m p le, a paym ent of 2 p ercen t of annual earn in gs w as co n sid ered the eq uivalen t of 1 w eek*s pay. The p erio d s of se r v ic e for w hich data are p r esen te d w ere s e le c te d as rep resen ta tiv e of the m o st com m on p r a c tic e s , but they do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t ind ividu al esta b lish m en t p r o v isio n s for p r o g r e ssio n . F or ex a m p le, the ch an ges in p rop ortion s in d icated at 10 y e a r s of s e r v ic e m ay includ e changes w hich o ccu rred betw een 5 and 10 y e a r s . 44 H ealth , In su ran ce, and R etirem en t P la n s . D ata a re p r esen te d for h ealth , in su r a n ce, and r etirem e n t plans for w hich a ll or a p art of the c o st is borne by the em p lo y er, and exclu d e p ro g ra m s req u ired by law , such as w ork m en 's co m p en sa tio n and so c ia l se c u r ity . A m ong the plans includ ed are th ose u n d erw ritten by a co m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com pany, and th ose paid d ir e c tly by the em p loyer from h is cu rren t operatin g funds or from a fund se t a sid e for th is p u rp ose. D eath b en efits are included as a form of life in su ra n ce. S ick n ess and accid en t in su ran ce is lim ited to that type of in su ra n ce under w hich p r ed eterm in ed ca sh paym en ts a re m ade d i rec tly to the in su red on a w eek ly or m onthly b a sis during illn e s s or accid en t d isa b ility . In fo rm a tio n is p resen ted for a ll such plans to w hich the em p lo y er con trib u tes at le a st a p art of the c o st. H ow ever, in N ew Y ork and N ew J e r s e y , w h ere tem p o ra ry d isa b ility in su ran ce law s req u ire em p lo y er co n trib u tio n s,15 plans a re included only if the em p lo y er (1) con trib u tes m o re than is le g a lly req u ired or (2) p rov id es the em p lo y ees w ith b en efits w hich ex ceed the req u irem en ts of the law . T abulations of paid sic k lea v e plans a re lim ited to fo rm a l plans w hich p rovid e fu ll pay or a p rop ortion of the w o rk er's pay during a b sen ce from w ork b eca u se of illn e ss ; in form al arra n g em en ts have been om itted . S ep arate tabu lations are p rov id ed accord in g to (1) plans w hich p rovid e fu ll pay and no w aiting p e rio d , and (2) p lan s providin g eith er p a rtia l pay or a w aiting p erio d . M ed ical in su ra n ce r e fe r s to plans providin g for co m p lete or p a rtia l p aym en t of d o c to r s1 fe e s . Such plan s m ay be u n d erw ritten by a c o m m e r ic a l in su ra n ce com pany or a nonprofit o rg a n iza tio n , or they m ay be a form of s e lf-in s u r a n c e . C astastrop h e in su r a n ce, so m etim e s r efe rred to as extended m ed ica l in su r a n ce, in clu d es the p lan s d esig n ed to co v er em p lo y ees in c a se of sic k n e ss or inju ry involving an ex p en se w hich g o es beyond the n o rm al co v era g e of h o sp ita liza tio n , m ed ica l, and su r g ic a l p la n s. T abulations of retirem e n t p en sio n s are lim ited to plan s w hich p r o v id e , upon r e tir e m e n t, reg u la r paym en ts for the rem a in d er of the w o rk e r1s life . D ata a re p resen ted sep a ra te ly for lu m p -su m retirem e n t pay (one p aym en t or a sp ec ified num ber o v er a p erio d of tim e) m ade to em p lo y ees upon retirem e n t. E sta b lish m en ts providing lu m p -su m paym en ts and p en sion s to em p lo y ees upon retirem e n t w ere co n sid ered as having both retirem e n t p en sion and lu m p -su m retirem e n t pay. E sta b lish m en ts having optional plans w hich p rov id e em p lo y ees a ch o ice of eith er lu m p -su m retirem en t paym en ts or p en sio n s w ere co n sid ered as having only retirem en t p en sion b en efits. P aid F u n era l and J u ry -D u ty H eav e. T abulations of paid fu n era l and ju ry -d u ty lea v e rela te to fo rm a l plans w hich p rovid e at le a st p a rtia l paym en t for tim e lo s t as a r esu lt of attending fu n era ls of sp ec ified fa m ily m em b ers or serv in g as a ju ro r. S evera n ce P a y . D ata rela te to fo rm a l plans providin g for paym en ts to em p lo y ees perm an en tly sep a ra ted from the com pany through no fault of th eir own. 15 The temporary disability insurance laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The p rim a ry purpose of preparing job d e sc rip tio n s for the B u reau ’s w age su rv ey s is to a s s is t its field staff in cla ssify in g into app ropriate occu p ation s w o rk ers who a re em p loyed under a v a rie ty of p a y ro ll title s and d ifferen t w ork a rra n g em en ts from esta b lish m en t to esta b lish m en t and from area to a rea . T his c la ss ific a tio n p erm its the grouping of occu p ation al w age ra tes rep resen tin g co m p a rable job content. B eca u se of the em p h a sis on in te r e s tab lish m en t and in tera rea com p a ra b ility of occu pational content, the B u reau ’s job d e sc rip tio n s m ay d iffer s ig n if ica n tly from th ose in u se in ind ividu al e sta b lish m en ts or th ose p repared for other p u rp o ses. In applying th ese job d e sc r ip tio n s, the B u reau ’s field eco n o m ists a re in stru cted to exclud e w orking s u p e r v iso r s, a p p ren tic es, le a r n e r s, b eg in n ers, tr a in e e s, handicapped, part tim e , tem p o ra ry , and probationary w o rk e rs. ACIDM AKER (SULPHITE) P r e p a r e s acid for u se in cooking sulphite pulp w hich is to be m ade into paper. W ork in volves: W eighing sulphur, and loading or d irectin g the loading of b u rn ers w ith sulphur and other in g red ien ts n e c e s s a r y to m ake a cid s of req u ired stren gth. M ay operate acid tow er. BACK TENDER Is station ed at the dry end of a paper m ach in e. D u ties in volve m o st of the fo llo w in g : L eading paper to and over d r ier s; regu lating heat of d r ier s; adjusting ca len d ers to obtain prop er fin ish and ca lip er; putting paper on the r e e l; p erform in g or d irectin g the rew inding or cutting operation; w eighing and ca lip erin g paper sh ee ts and rep orting r e su lts to m ach in e tender; o b servin g paper for any im p erfectio n s; and a s sis tin g m achin e ten der at w et end of m achine a s d irected . F or w age study p u rp o ses, b ack ten d ers are c la ss ifie d by grade or type of paper and by m ach in e w idth, 16 as follow s: S p ecia l in d u stria l N ew sp rin t and groundw ood C ontainer board F in e g rad es Sanitary tissu e B oxboard Other C oa rse (Kraft) BARK ER, DRUM T ends the op eration of a drum bark er w hich rem o v es the bark from b lo ck s of pulpwood by tum bling the b lock s in a rotating cy lin d er. W ork in v o lv es: F eed in g pulpwood b lock s into m achin e by hand or m ech a n ica l m eans; startin g revolvin g drum; breaking up jam ; and d irectin g w o rk ers in sortin g b lo ck s. M ay o v e r se e op eration of w ashing unit or adjust w ater sp ra y s at end of m achin e to rem ove chips or d irt adhering to pulpwood b lo ck s. 16 Each of the machine-room occupations is to be classified by grade or type of paper and also by width of machine, as follows: 100 inches or less 101 and under 150 inches 151 and under 200 inches 201 inches and over 45 46 BARK ER, HYDRAULIC T ends the op eration of a barking m achin e w hich rem o v es bark fro m lo g s by action of w ater under p r e ssu r e . W ork in v o lv es: Starting conveyor to ca r r y log through m achine; ob serv in g operation w hile the barking n o zz le tr a v e ls fro m one end of the rotating log to the o th er, rem oving the bark by w ater shot at high p r essu re; and d irectin g w o rk ers in sorting lo g s and regu lating supply to m ach in e. M ay o v e r s e e op eration of w ashing unit or adjust w ater sp ra y s at end of m achin e to rem o v e ch ip s or d irt adhering to log. BEATERM AN (B ea ter-o p e ra to r h elp er; b e a te r -e n g in e e r h elp er) T ends b e a ters and vats that p rep are fu rn ish for m aking paper or paperboard. W ork in v o lv es m o st of the fo llo w in g : Turning v a lv es to ch arge vats w ith sp ec ified am ounts of slu sh pulp, fille r s , s iz e , and liquid ch em ic a ls; w eighing and dum ping in g red ien ts into vats accord in g to form ula; dipping fu rn ish sam p le from vat for lab o ra to ry sam pling; rem oving plug of vat to dum p fu rn ish into b eater ch est and startin g pum p to tra n sfer fu rn ish from vat to sto ra g e; and o b serv in g vat and b eater op eration and notifying b eater en gin eer (Head Stock P rep a r er) of m alfun ction in g. M ay clea n vats and chip ru st, s c a le , and other d ep o sits from m achin e r o lls . M ay a lso w eigh , m ix , and cook d y es, and tra n sp o rt sh eet pulp and other m a te r ia ls from sto ck roo m . E xclu de w a ste (or broke) b eaterm en . F o r w age study p u rp o ses, b eaterm en are c la s s ifie d by grade or type of p ap er, a s follow s: N ew sp rin t and groundw ood S p ecia l in d u stria l F in e gra d es C ontainer board Sanitary tissu e Boxboard C o a rse (Kraft) Other BLEACH ERM AN (B lea ch -p la n t operator) W hitens or b lea ch es pulp to sp ec ified req u irem en ts. W ork in v o lv es m o st of the fo llo w in g : Pum ping and co n tro llin g flow of sto ck to bleach in g tanks; adding b leach in g s o lu tion a cco rd in g to d e sir e d strength; and m aking te s ts during b leach in g p r o c e ss to d eterm in e when pulp is p rop erly bleach ed . F or w age study p u rp o ses, b lea ch erm en are c la s s ifie d by p r o c e s s , as follow s: B lea ch erm a n , sulphate p r o c e ss B lea ch erm a n , sulph ite p r o c e ss B lea ch erm a n , soda p r o c e ss B lea ch erm a n , groundw ood p r o c e ss B lea ch erm a n , other BL O W -PIT MAN (SU LPH ITE) T ends blow pit (sto ra g e tank) and a s s is t s in d isch argin g (blow ing) w oodpulp from d ig e ste r . W ork in v o lv es: C losing b lo w -p it hatch and blow ing d ig e ste r by opening valve; w ashing pulp sto ck in blow pit by adm itting fr e sh w ater under p r e ssu r e ; slu icin g blow pit w ith w ater; and pum ping sto ck to sto ck c h est p rep a ra to ry to screen in g . CALENDER H ELPER A s s is ts ca len d er op erator to im p art a g lo s s to su rface of pap er. W ork in v o lv es: T rucking or m oving r o lls of paper; a s sis tin g in m ounting r o lls in ca len d er m achin e; th reading paper through r o lle r s; and rem oving fin ish ed r o lls from m ach in e. 47 CALENDER H E L P E R — C ontinued F or w age study p u rp o ses, ca len d er h e lp ers are c la s s ifie d by grade or type of p ap er, as fo llo w s: N ew sp rin t and groundw ood C o a rse (K raft) F in e g ra d es S p ecia l in d u stria l Sanitary tissu e Other CALENDER OPERATOR (S u p ercalen d er operator) O p erates a su p erca len d er or calen d erin g m achin e to im p art a g lo ss to the paper. W ork in v o lv es: P o sitio n in g r o ll of paper on the m achin e and threading it through the c a le n derin g r o lls; regu latin g and adjusting p r e ssu r e of the r o lls; and rem oving the ca len d ered paper. F or w age study p u rp o ses, ca len d er o p erators a re c la ss ifie d by grade or type of pap er, as follow s: N ew sp rin t and groundw ood F in e g ra d es Sanitary tissu e CAUSTIC OPERATOR (CAUSTICISER) (SU LPH A TE) C o a rse (Kraft) S p ecial in d u stria l Other M akes ca u stic liq uor for d ig estin g wood ch ip s into pulp. W ork in v o lv es: P la cin g and m ixin g lim e , soda a sh , and w ater in vat; and agitatin g m ixtu re m ech a n ica lly a s heat is applied to produce a un iform solu tion . CHIPPERM AN F eed s lo g s , b lo ck s, or other w ood by hand or w ith w ood pick , from con veyor into hopper of a chipping m achin e that red u ces the wood to ch ip s. M ay sta rt and stop con veyor to reg u la te am ount of w ood to be chipped; m ay in sp ect and change k n ives in m ach in e. COATER OPERATOR (O FF -M A C H IN E ) O p erates a m achin e (rem oved fro m the paperm aking m achin e) to g la ze or im p regn ate paper or paperboard w ith siz e or coating m ix tu res. W ork in v o lv es m o st of the fo llo w in g : A djusting sp read er r o lle r s and alignin g or fasten in g b ru sh es or scra p e r blade in m achine; loading paper ro ll on m achin e feed rack , and threading paper through sp re a d er, p r e s su r e , and drying ro lls; turning va lv e to adm it sp ecified coating m ixtu re into m achine tank; and adjusting ten sio n of paper and p r e ssu r e of r o lle r s . M ay m ea su re depth of coatin g. E x clu d es w o rk ers engaged in coating op eration s on equipm ent attach ed to paperm aking m a ch in es. F or w age study p u rp o ses, o ff-m a ch in e co a ter o p erators a re c la ss ifie d by grade or type of p ap er, a s follow s: S p ecia l in d u stria l N ew sp rin t and groundw ood C ontainer board F in e g ra d es Sanitary tissu e B oxboard Other C o a rse (K raft) COATER OPERATOR H E LPE R A s s is ts co a ter op erator (off-m a ch in e) by perform in g m o st of the fo llo w in g : Loading r o lls of paper or paperboard on m ach in e feed rack s; placing co re on rew ind shaft and p o s i tioning shaft on m achine; a s sis tin g o p erator in threading paper through m achin e and startin g end of paper around rew ind core; sp licin g b reak s in paper; and rem oving rew ound ro ll from m a ch in e. E x clu d es w o rk ers a s sis tin g in the coating op eration on equipm ent attach ed to pap er-m ak in g m ach in e. 48 COATER OPERATOR H E L P E R — C ontinued F or w age study p u rp o ses, co a ter op erator h e lp e r s are c la s s ifie d by grade or type of p ap er, as follow s: S p ecia l in d u stria l N ew sp rin t and groundw ood C ontainer board F ine g ra d es B oxboard Sanitary tissu e Other C o a rse (Kraft) COOK (D ig ester operator) Is r esp o n sib le for the op eration of d ig e ste r and the cooking p r o c e s s . W ork in v o lv es: D eterm in in g the am ount of liquor or acid to be u sed and the cooking p r essu re; d irectin g the charging of the d ig e ste r w ith chips or fibrou s m a te r ia l and liq uor or acid; determ in in g through p erio d ic te sts w hen con ten ts are ready for rem oval; d irectin g the blow ing of the contents of the d ig ester; and keeping reco rd s and m aking rep o rts on tonnage, liquor a n a ly sis, etc. W orkers resp o n sib le for the op eration of continuous d ig e s te r s , w hich cook pulp on a continuous b a sis rath er than in b a tc h es, a lso are included in th is c la ssific a tio n . F or w age study p u rp o ses, cooks are c la ss ifie d by p r o c e s s , a s follow s: Cook, sulphate p r o c e ss Cook, sulph ite p r o c e ss Cook, soda p r o c e ss Cook, other COOK H E L P E R , FIRST (D ig e ste r -o p e r a to r h e lp er, fir s t h elp er) A s s is ts cook in cooking w ood ch ip s or fib rou s m a te r ia ls to m ake pulp. W ork in v o lv es: Loading and capping the d ig e ste r (or d irectin g the loading and capping, if done by other h elp ers); adjusting v a lv es to build up heat and p r e ssu r e in d ig ester; m aking te sts; and opening v a lv es to blow pulp to blow pit. M ay p erfo rm other d u ties, a s d irected by cook. W orkers a s sis tin g cook s on continuous d ig e ste r s a lso are included in this c la ss ific a tio n . F or w age study p u rp o ses, cook h e lp e r s , fir s t, are c la s s ifie d by p r o c e s s , a s follow s: Cook h e lp er, fir s t, sulphate p r o c e ss Cook h e lp er, fir s t, sulph ite p r o c e ss Cook h e lp er, fir s t, soda p r o c e ss Cook h e lp er, fir s t, other CRANE OPERATOR O p erates cran e to h o ist and m ove lo g s of pulpwood in the w oodyard of a pulp or p a p erm ill. W ork in v o lv es: M anipulating co n tro ls to r a ise and low er load lin e and to m ove the load to d e sired locatio n . CUTTER OPERATOR (C utterm an; cutoff man; pow er cutter; ro tary cu tter; trim m er) O p erates or tends the op eration of one or m ore of the v a r ie tie s of m a ch in es that cut or trim paper or paperboard to sp ec ified s iz e s ; se ts and adju sts k n iv e s, g u id es, sto p s, or cla m p s. The cutting equipm ent m ay be of the autom atic type or m ay be hand co n tro lled or operated; and the stock m ay be fed by hand or m ech a n ica l d e v ic e s . 49 CUTTER O PERATOR— C ontinued F o r w age study p u rp o ses, cu tters a re c la ss ifie d type of pap er, as follow s: C utter, g u illo tin e type (cut and trim ) N ew sp rin t and groundw ood F in e gra d es Sanitary tissu e C oa rse (Kraft) C utter, rotary or sh eet N ew sp rin t and groundw ood F in e g ra d es Sanitary tissu e C oa rse (K raft) ELECTRICIAN, M AINTENANCE by type of cu tter and by grade or S p ecia l in d u stria l C ontainer board B oxboard Other S p ecia l in d u stria l C ontainer board B oxboard Other P e r fo r m s a v a riety of e le c tr ic a l trade functions in the in sta lla tio n , m a in ten an ce, or rep a ir of equipm ent for the g en era tin g , d istrib u tion , a n d /o r u tiliza tio n of e le c tr ic en ergy in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv es m o st of the fo llo w in g : In stallin g or rep airin g any of a v a riety of e le c tr ic a l equipm ent such as g en e ra to rs, tr a n sfo r m e r s, sw itch b oa rd s, co n tr o lle r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s, m o to rs, heating u n its, conduit s y s te m s , or other tr a n sm issio n equipm ent; w orking from b lu ep rin ts, d raw in gs, layou t, or other sp ecifica tio n s; locatin g and diagnosing trouble in the e le c tr ic a l sy ste m or equipm ent; w orking standard com putations relatin g to load req u irem en ts of w irin g or e le c tr ic a l equipm ent; and using a v a riety of e le c tr ic ia n 's handtools and m ea su rin g and testin g in stru m en ts. In g en e ra l, the w ork of the m ain ten an ce e le c tr ic ia n req u ires rounded training and ex p erien ce u su a lly acqu ired through a fo rm a l a p p ren ticesh ip or eq uivalen t training and ex p e rie n ce. EVAPORATOR OPERATOR (SU L PH A T E ) In the rec o v er y p r o c e s s, o p era tes an evaporator to con cen trate the solu tion u sed in cooking sulphate pulp. W ork in v o lv es: Pum ping liquid into evaporator tank or pan; m a in taining sp ec ified p r e ssu r e and tem p eratu re; p e rio d ic a lly testin g con cen tration of solu tion and adjusting feed s, tem p era tu re, and p r e ssu r e in acco rd an ce w ith th ese te sts; and pum ping con cen trated liq u o rs to sto ra g e or to rec o v er y fu rnace. FIFT H HAND A s s is ts in the tending of the w inder and ca len d er sectio n s of a paper m a ch in e. W orks w ith other crew m em b ers in tra n sferrin g paper ro ll from r e e l to r e e lin g -o ff stand, th reading paper through w in d er, in tending ca len d er, in sp licin g broken paper at r e e lin g -o ff stand, and unloading fin ish ed r o lls from w ind er. F or w age study p u rp o ses, fifth hands a re c la ss ifie d by grade or type of paper and by m ach in e w idth, 17 as follow s: N ew sp rin t and groundw ood S p ecia l in d u stria l F in e g ra d es C ontainer board Sanitary tissu e B oxboard C oa rse (K raft) Other 17 Ibid. 50 FIREM AN, STATIONARY BOILER F ir e s sta tion a ry b o ile r s to fu rn ish the esta b lish m en t in w hich em p loyed w ith h eat, pow er, or stea m . F eed s fu els to fir e by hand or o p era tes a m ech a n ica l sto k er, g a s, or o il burner; and ch eck s w ater and sa fety v a lv e s. M ay clea n , o il, or a s s is t in rep airin g b o ilerro o m equipm ent. FOURTH HAND P r e p a r e s calen d ar sta ck s and d r ie r s for o p eration , a s s is t s the third hand in the w inding op eration of a paper m ach in e and u su a lly rem o v es r o lls of paper from rew ind er and w eig h s them ; and a s s is t s at w et end in putting on fe lts and w ires and in w ashing up. F or w age study p u rp o ses, fourth hands a re c la s s ifie d by grade or type of paper and by m ach in e w idth, 18 as follow s: N ew sp rin t and groundw ood S p ecia l in d u stria l F in e g ra d es C ontainer board Sanitary tissu e Boxboard C o a rse (K raft) Other GRINDERM AN T ends grinding m achin e that red u ces b lock s of wood to pulp. (G rinding m a ch in es a re of th ree g en e ra l typ es— pock et, m a g a z in e, and continuous— b ased on the m ethod of feeding the w ood to the g rin d er. ) W ork in v o lv es keeping m achin e supplied w ith w ood and regu lating m achin e to p reven t burning of sto ck or g lazin g of grin d ston e. HEAD STOCK P R E PA R E R (B ea ter en gin eer) Is in ch arge of stock p rep aration p r o c e ss in a p a p erm ill, and d ir e c ts a crew of b e a term en and b eater h e lp ers or other sto ck p rep aration w o rk e rs. F or w age study p u rp o ses, head sto ck p r ep a rer s a re c la s s ifie d by group and grade or type of p ap er, a s follow s: G roup I . A b eater en g in eer in ch arge of the beating p r o c e s s w here sto ck p r ep ara tion s a re v a ried and req u ire the ap p lication of tech n ica l know ledge to a ch iev e sp ec ified resu lts; and a lso w here co lo r fo rm u la s have to be d evelop ed to m eet sp e c ia l req u irem en ts. N ew sp rin t and groundw ood S p ecia l in d u stria l C ontainer board F in e grad es Sanitary tissu e B oxboard Other C o a rse (Kraft) G roup II. A b eater en gin eer in ch arge of the beating p r o c e ss w here sto ck p r ep aration is a routine m ech a n ica l p r o c e ss and the attainm ent of sp e c ific co lo r s is b a sed on d e fin ite, standard form u las w hich, h o w ev er, m ay be a ltered slig h tly to m eet varyin g sto ck co n d itio n s. N ew sp rin t and groundw ood S p ecia l in d u stria l F in e gra d es C ontainer board Sanitary tissu e Boxboard C oa rse (K raft) Other 18 Ibid. 51 H Y D R A PU LPE R OPERATOR (P ulper; slu sh er operator) T ends m achin e that red u ces broke (w aste paper) or dry pulp sh eets to pulp for u se in m aking paper or paperboard. W ork in v o lv es m o st of the fo llo w in g : Dum ping broke or pulp sh ee ts into m achin e vat and turning v a lv es to adm it w ater and stea m that so ften s m a teria l to sp ec ified co n sisten cy ; startin g m achin e that red u ces m a te r ia l to pulp; and opening d isch a rg e gate or startin g pum p to dum p or tran sp ort pulp to sto ra g e or to other p r o c e s s e s . M ay catch pulp in broke b oxes and push b oxes to b eater engine. F or w age study p u rp o ses, hydrapulper o p erators p ap er, as follow s: N ew sp rin t and groundw ood F in e g ra d es Sanitary tissu e C oa rse (Kraft) a re c la s s ifie d by grade or type of S p ecia l in d u stria l C ontainer board B oxboard Other JANITOR (Day porter; sw eep er; charw om an; ja n itr e ss) C leans and k eep s in an o rd erly cond ition fa cto ry w orking a rea s and w a sh ro o m s, oir p r e m ise s of an o ffic e , apartm ent h o u se, or c o m m erica l or other esta b lish m en t. D u ties in volve a com bination of the fo llo w in g : Sw eeping, m opping a n d /o r scrubbing and p olish in g flo o rs; rem oving ch ip s, tra sh , and other refu se; dusting equipm ent, fu rn itu re, or fix tu res; polish in g m eta l fix tu res or trim m in g s; providing su p p lies and m inor m ain ten an ce s e r v ic e s ; and clean in g la v a to r ie s, sh o w ers, and r e str o o m s. W orkers who sp e c ia liz e in w indow w ashing a re excluded. KNIFE GRINDER G rinds and sh arp en s on p o w er-d riv en grinding m a ch in e, the k n ives or cu tters u sed in chipping or other w o o d -p rep aration m a ch in es. W ork in v o lv es m ounting k n ives or cu tters in grinding m achin e and adjusting and operating the m ach in e. M ay hone cutting ed g e s. LIM E-K ILN O PERATOR (SULPH ATE) B urns lim e sludge in o il or gas burner kiln to r ec o v er lim e . W ork in volves: C on tro llin g op eration of o il b u rn ers to reg u la te kiln tem p eratu re; adjusting flow of lim e slu dge into kiln; and starting and stopping con veyor that c a r r ie s lim e from bottom of kiln. MACHINIST, M AINTENANCE P ro d u ces rep la cem en t p arts and new parts in m aking rep a irs of m eta l p arts of m ech a n ica l equipm ent operated in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv es m o st of the fo llo w in g : In terp retin g w ritten in stru ctio n s and sp ec ifica tio n s; planning and laying out of w ork; u sin g a v a rie ty of m a c h in ist’s handtools and p r e c isio n m ea su rin g in stru m en ts; settin g up and operating standard m achin e to o ls; shaping of m eta l p arts to c lo se to le r a n c e s; m aking stan d ard shop com pu tation s rela tin g to d im en sio n s of w ork, to o lin g, feed s and sp eed s of m achining; know ledge of the w orking p r o p erties of the com m on m eta ls; selectin g standard m a te r ia ls, p a rts, and equipm ent req u ired for h is work; and fitting and a ssem b lin g parts into m ech a n ic a l equipm ent. In g en e ra l, the m a c h in ist’s w ork n o rm a lly req u ires a rounded train in g in m a ch in e-sh o p p ra ctice u su a lly acq u ired through a fo rm a l a p p ren ticesh ip or eq uivalen t training and ex p e rie n ce. 52 M ILLW RIGHT, P U L P AND P A P E R M aintains and rep a irs m a ch in ery and equipm ent in pulp and p a p erm ill, la r g e ly on a routine b a s is , but m ay be ca lled upon to do rep a irs on m a ch in ery w hen d ifficu lties in o p e r ation o ccu r. W ork in v o lv es m o st of the fo llo w in g : E xam ining p a p er-m a ch in e r o lls , b e a r in g s, pum ps, and other p arts to in su re a ll a re in prop er w orking condition; dism antling and rep a irin g any of th ese p a r ts, a s n e c e ssa r y ; sending d efectiv e p arts to m achin e shop for rep air; som e s h e e t-m e ta l w ork, w eld in g, pip efitting and rela ted jo b s, a s req u ired . P e r fo rm s s im ila r op eration s on p u lp m ill d ig e ste r s and other equipm ent. W orks w ith the p r o duction crew to r e sto r e n o rm a l op eration of m achin e or equipm ent w hen breakdow n o c c u r s. OILER (G rea ser; lu b ricator) L u b r ica te s, w ith o il or g r e a s e , the m oving p arts or w earing su r fa c e s of m ech a n ica l equipm ent in an esta b lish m en t. O b serv es op eration of m a ch in es and rep o rts to m ain ten an ce forem an or other su p erv iso r any d efectiv e op eration o b serv ed . PA PER -M A C H IN E TEN D ER Is in ch arge of the op eration of a paperm aking m ach in e. D u ties in volve m o st of the fo llo w in g : R egulating and co n tro llin g flow of sto ck onto F o u rd rin ier w ire or cy lin d er m old s; settin g and adjusting p r e s se s; regu latin g speed of v a rio u s se c tio n s of m achine; in terp retin g te s ts as to q u ality of product and m aking n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm en ts to m eet sp ec ifica tio n s; and rep la cin g w ir e s and fe lts . M achine ten der u su a lly is station ed at w et end of m achin e and d irec ts the backtender and other m em b ers of p a p er-m a ch in e crew . F or w age study p u rp o ses, p a p er-m a ch in e ten d ers a re c la s s ifie d by grade or type of paper and by m achin e w idth, 19 a s follow s: N ew sp rin t and groundw ood S p ecia l in d u stria l F ine g ra d es C ontainer board Boxboard Sanitary tissu e Other C o a rse (Kraft) P A P E R TESTER U ses sp e c ia l testin g equipm ent to conduct p h y sica l te s ts such as w eigh t, stren g th , m o istu r e , tea r, te n s ile , fold, and ab sorp tion to d eterm in e if paper m e e ts sp e c ific a tio n s. F or w age study p u rp o ses, paper te s te r s are c la s s ifie d by grade or type of pap er, as follow s: N ew sp rin t and groundw ood S p ecia l in d u stria l F in e g ra d es C ontainer board Sanitary tissu e B oxboard C oa rse (K raft) Other P IP E F IT T E R , M AINTENANCE In sta lls or rep a irs w a ter, stea m , g a s, or other types of pipe and p ip efittin g s in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv es m o st of the fo llo w in g : Laying out of w ork and m ea su rin g to lo ca te p o sitio n of pipe from draw in gs or other w ritten sp ec ifica tio n s; cutting v a rio u s s iz e s of pipe to c o r r e c t len gth s w ith c h ise l and ham m er or o x ya cety len e torch or p ip e-cu ttin g m achine; threading pipe w ith sto ck s and d ies; bending pipe by h an d -d riven or p o w er-d riv en m a ch in es; a sse m b lin g pipe w ith coup lin gs and fastenin g pipe to h an gers; m aking standard 19 Ibid. 53 P IP E F IT T E R , M AINTENANCE----C ontinued shop com putations rela tin g to p r e s s u r e s , flow , and s iz e of pipe required; and m aking standard te s ts to d eterm in e w hether fin ish ed p ip es m eet sp e c ific a tio n s. In g en era l, the w ork of the m ain ten an ce p ip efitter req u ires rounded training and ex p erien ce u su a lly acqu ired through a fo rm a l a p p ren ticesh ip or eq uivalen t training and ex p e rie n ce. W orkers p r im a rily engaged in in sta llin g and rep airin g building san itation or heating sy ste m s a re ex clu d ed . P U L P TESTER (Stock tester ) T e sts pulp for m o istu re content, c o lo r , pu rity, and stren gth . W ork in v o lv es: M aking p h y sica l te s ts such as te s ts for stren gth or color; and m aking ch em ica l te sts n e c e s s a r y to m ain tain u n iform ity and q u ality of paper stock d e sired . F or w age study p u rp o ses, pulp te s te r s are c la ss ifie d by p r o c e s s , as follow s: Pulp te s te r , sulphate p r o c e ss Pulp te s te r , se m ic h e m ic a l P ulp te s te r , sulphite p r o c e ss p r o c e ss P ulp te s te r , soda p r o c e ss P ulp te s te r , other RECOVERY H E L PE R , FIRST (SU LPH A T E) W orks under the d irectio n of the rec o v er y op erator and r e c e iv e s v erb al a n d /o r w ritten in stru ctio n s outlining the sp e c ific d u ties to be perform ed ; o p era tes rec o v er y b o ile r s and a u x ilia ry equipm ent; m ain tain s c o r r e c t A te st on g reen liq u or, adding sa lt cake to m ain tain sp ec ified sulphidity; m ak es liquor te sts for lab oratory; ch eck s ash hop pers and m ain tain s prop er te s ts of liquor in ch em ic a l a sh tanks; resp o n sib le for proper burning of con cen trated black liq uor or oil; m ain tain s c o r r e c t fu rn ace cond ition s to produce m axim u m red uction and stea m from liq uor availab le; o p era tes ca sca d e ev a p o ra to rs; m ain tains co r r e c t w ater le v e l in b o ilers; blow s down b o ile r s as required; ch an ges ch arts and takes sp ec ified read in gs for log sh eets; ch eck s on functioning of pum ps; and k eep s firin g floor and rec o v er y panels clean . RECOVERY O PERATOR (SULPH ATE) In ch arge of the p r o c e ss of reco v erin g sodium com pounds from the liq u or w hich has been w ashed from a p rev io u s batch of sulphate (or soda) pulp. Spray of liquor is adm itted into contact w ith hot a ir in rec o v er y furnace and the m olten black ash is then conveyed from fu rnace to leach in g tanks w h ere the soda is w ashed from the carbon. REW INDER H E L P E R A s s is ts rew ind er op erator by p erform in g any one or com bination of the fo llo w in g : T ran sporting r o lls of paper from sto ck p ile to m achine; m ounting r o lls on m achine; a s sis tin g in settin g s litte r s , threading paper into m a ch in e, and sp licin g pap er. M ay a s s is t rew ind er o p erator by p erform in g other d u ties, as a ssig n ed . F or w age study p u rp o ses, rew ind er h e lp ers a re c la s s ifie d by grade or type of pap er, as fo llo w s: N ew sp rin t and groundw ood S p ecia l in d u stria l F in e g ra d es C ontainer board Sanitary tis su e Boxboard C oa rse (K raft) Other REW INDER OPERATOR O p erates slittin g and rew inding m achin e to s lit r o lls of pap er, and to rew ind m a teria l in ord er to obtain com p act r o lls of d e sired s iz e . W ork in v o lv es: Setting s litte r s to obtain d e sired width; position in g r o ll in m achine; threading m a teria l through m achine and engaging ends on rew inding r o lls or sp ools; startin g m achin e and con trollin g ten sio n and sp eed of m achine to in su re even winding and slittin g; exam ining m a teria l during rew inding; and rem o v ing r o lls w hen sp ec ified d ia m eter is attained. 54 REW INDER O PERATOR----C ontinued F or w age study p u rp o ses, rew in d er o p era to rs are c la s s ifie d by grade or type of paper, as fo llo w s: N ew sp rin t and groundw ood S p ecia l in d u stria l F in e gra d es C ontainer board Sanitary tissu e B oxboard C o a rse (Kraft) Other SAW YER Cuts lo g s to d e sired s iz e for pulping p r o c e s s. O p erates one of the follow in g typ es of saw s: Sw inging c ircu la r cutoff saw; sta tion a ry s la sh e r co n sistin g of one or m o re c ir c u la r saw b la d es m ounted in a saw table; and bandsaw . M ay m ake a d ju stm en ts on m ach in e. SCREENM AN (S creen tender) S creen s w ood pulp to rem o v e kn ots, s liv e r s , and other fo reig n m a tter and to sep a ra te fine from c o a r se fib e r s. W ork in v o lv es: A djusting v a lv e s, pum ps, and flow g a tes to co n tro l flow of pulp and w ash w ater through filte r sc r e e n and th ereb y reg u la te c o n siste n c y of stock; ob serv in g le v e l of liquid to avoid overload in g the screen ; exam in ing u sa b le fib er for s liv e r s ; and rep lacin g d e fectiv e sc r e e n p la tes. F or w age study p u rp o ses, screen m en are c la s s ifie d by p r o c e s s , a s fo llo w s: S creen m an , sulphate p r o c e ss S creen m an , sulph ite p r o c e ss S creen m an , soda p r o c e s s S creen m an , groundw ood p r o c e ss S creen m an , se m ic h e m ic a l p r o c e ss S creen m an , other THIRD HAND (W inder m an) P e r fo r m s the w inding op eration at the dry end of a paper m a ch in e. D u ties in volve the follow ing: Setting s litte r s in a cco rd an ce w ith req u ired w idth of r o lls of paper; m aking sp lic e s in paper when n e c e ssa r y ; running r o lls to p rop er d iam eter; in sp ectin g paper for im p erfectio n s during rew inding p r o c e ss; rem oving r o lls w ith a s s is ta n c e of other m em b ers of crew ; keeping reco rd of w eigh t and num ber of r o lls m ade; and a s sis tin g back ten der and m achin e ten der as n e c e s s a r y . F or w age study p u rp o ses, third hands a re c la ss ifie d by grade or type of paper and by m ach in e w idth, 20 as follow s: S p ecia l in d u stria l N ew sp rin t and groundw ood C ontainer board F in e g ra d es Boxboard Sanitary tissu e Other C oa rse (K raft) TRUCKER, POW ER O p erates a m anu ally co n tro lled g a so lin e - or e le c tr ic -p o w e r e d tru ck or tra cto r to tr a n s port goods and m a te r ia ls of a ll kinds about a w a reh o u se, m anufacturing plant, or other esta b lish m en t. 20 Ibid. 55 TRUCK ER, POW ER— C ontinued F o r w age study p u rp o ses, w o rk ers a re c la s s ifie d by type of tru ck , a s follow s: T ru ck er, pow er (forklift) T ru ck er, pow er (other than fork lift) WASHER O PERATO R (SULPH ATE) O p erates w ash er or d iffu sers to clea n and to thin the pulp p rep a ra to ry to screen in g . W ork in v o lv es: C ontrolling the flow of pulp through w a sh ers; and regu lating the spraying of pulp w ith proper solu tion in p rim a ry w a sh e r s, and w ith hot w ater in secon d ary w a sh e r s. W ET-M ACHINE O PERATOR (W et-m ach in e tender; lapm an; r o ll skinner; sh eet taker) O p erates a w et-m a ch in e to produce pulp in lap form . W ork in v o lv es: M aintaining un iform flow of pulp onto accu m ulatin g ro ll of m achine; building sh eet up to d e sired th ick n e ss; cutting sh eet from m achine; and folding and loading lap s on trucks or sk id s. F or w age study p u rp o ses, w et-m a ch in e o p erators a re c la ss ifie d by p r o c e s s, as follow s: W et-m ach in e o p erator, sulphate p r o c e ss W et-m ach in e op erator, sulph ite p r o c e ss W et-m ach in e o p erator, soda p r o c e ss W et-m ach in e o p erator, groundw ood p r o c e ss W et-m ach in e op erator, se m ic h e m ic a l p r o c e ss W et-m ach in e op erator, other Industry Wage Studies The m o st recen t rep o rts for in d u stries includ ed in the B u rea u 1s program of industryw age su rv ey s sin ce January 1950 are liste d below . T h ose for w hich a p rice is show n are a v aila b le from the Superintendent of D ocu m en ts, U. S. G overnm ent P rin tin g O ffice, W ash ington, D. C. , 20402, or any of its reg io n a l s a le s o ffic e s . T h ose for w hich a p rice is not shown m ay be obtained free a s long a s a supply is a v a ila b le, from the B ureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , W ashington, D. C. , 20212, or from any of the reg io n a l o ffic e s shown on the in sid e back co v er. I. Occupational Wage Studies M anuf actur ing B a sic Iron and S teel, 1962. BLS B u lletin 1358 (30 cen ts). Candy and Other C on fection ery P ro d u cts, 1965. BLS B u lletin 1520 (30 cen ts). ^Canning and F r e e z in g , 1957. BLS R eport 136. C igar M anufacturing, 1967. BLS B u lletin 1581 (25 cen ts). C iga rette M anufacturing, 1965. BLS B u lletin 1472 (20 cen ts). Cotton T e x tile s , 1965. BLS B u lletin 1506 (40 cen ts). D istille d L iq u o rs, 1952. S e r ie s 2, No. 88. F a b rica ted S tru ctu ral S te e l, 1964. BLS B u lletin 1463 (30 cen ts). F e r tiliz e r M anufacturing, 1966. BLS B u lletin 1531 (30 cen ts). F lou r and Other G rain M ill P ro d u cts, 1967. BLS B u lletin 1576 (25 cen ts). F lu id M ilk Industry, 1964. BLS B u lletin 1464 (30 cen ts). F o otw ear, 1965. BLS B u lletin 1503 (50 cen ts). H o siery , 1964. BLS B u lletin 1456 (45 cen ts). In d u strial C h e m ica ls, 1965. BLS B u lletin 1529 ( 40 cen ts). Iron and S teel F o u n d ries, 1962. BLS B u lletin 1386 (40 cen ts). L eather Tanning and F in ish in g , 1963. BLS B u lletin 1378 (40 cen ts). M achin ery M anufacturing, 1966. BLS B u lletin 1563 (70 cen ts). M eat P ro d u cts, 1963. BLS B u lletin 1415 (75 cen ts). Men*3 and Boys* S h irts (E xcept W ork S h irts) and N igh tw ear, 1964. BLS B u lletin 1457 (40 cents). M en 's and Boys* Suits and C oats, 1963. BLS B u lletin 1424 (65 cen ts). M isc ella n e o u s P la s tic s P ro d u cts, 1964. BLS B u lletin 1439 (35 cen ts). M isc ella n e o u s T e x tile s , 1953. BLS R eport 56. M otor V eh icles and M otor V eh icle P a r ts, 1963. BLS B u lletin 1393 (45 cen ts). N on ferrou s F o u n d ries, 1965. BLS B u lletin 1498 (40 cen ts). P a in ts and V a rn ish es, 1965. BLS B u lletin 1524 (40 cen ts). P aperb oard C ontainers and B o x es, 1964. BLS B u lletin 1478 (70 cen ts). P etro leu m R efin in g, 1965. BLS B u lletin 1526 (30 cen ts). P r e s s e d or Blow n G la ss and G la ssw a re , 1964. BLS B u lletin 1423 (30 cen ts). ^ P r o c e sse d W aste, 1957. BLS R eport 124. P ulp, P a p er, and P aperb oard M ills, 1962. BLS B u lletin 1341 (40 cen ts). R adio, T e le v isio n , and R elated P ro d u cts, 1951. S e r ie s 2, No. 84. R ailroad C a rs, 1952. S e r ie s 2, No. 86. *Raw Sugar, 1957. BLS R eport 136. Southern S a w m ills and P laning M ills, 1965. BLS B u lletin 1519 (30 cen ts). S tru ctu ral C lay P ro d u cts, 1964. BLS B u lletin 1459 (45 cen ts). Synthetic F ib e r s , 1966. BLS B u lletin 1540 (30 cen ts). Synthetic T e x tile s , 1965. BLS B u lletin 1509 (40 cen ts). T ex tile D yeing and F in ish in g , 1965—66. BLS B u lletin 1527 (45 cen ts). ^T obacco Stem m in g and R ed ryin g, 1957. BLS R eport 136. W est C oast S aw m illin g, 1964. BLS B u lletin 1455 (30 cen ts). W om en's and M isses* C oats and S u its, 1965. BLS B u lletin 1508 (25 cen ts). Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. I. Occupational Wage Studies— Continued M anufacturing— C ontinued Women* s and M isses* D r e s s e s , 1966. BLS B u lletin 1538 (30 cen ts). Wood H ousehold F u rn itu re, E xcept U p h o lstered , 1965. BLS B u lletin 1496 (40 cen ts). '"Wooden C o n ta in ers, 1957. BLS R eport 126. W ool T e x tile s , 1966. BLS B u lletin 1551 (45 cen ts). W ork C lothing, 1964. BLS B u lletin 1440 (35 cen ts). N onm anufacturing Auto D ea ler R epair Shops, 1964. BLS B u lletin 1452 (30 cen ts). B anking, 1964. BLS B u lletin 1466 (30 cen ts). B itu m in ous C oal M ining, 1962. BLS B u lletin 138 3 (45 cen ts). C om m u n ication s, 1966. BLS B u lletin 1582 (20 cen ts). C ontract C leaning S e r v ic e s, 1965. BLS B u lletin 1507 (30 cen ts). C rude P etro leu m and N atural G as P rodu ction, 1967. BLS B u lletin 1566 (30 cen ts). D epartm ent and Women* s R ea d y -to -W ea r S to r es, 1950. S e r ie s 2, N o. 78. E ating and D rinking P la c e s , 1966—67. BLS B u lletin 1588 (40 cen ts). E le c tr ic and G as U tilitie s , 1962. BLS B u lletin 1374 (50 cen ts). H o sp ita ls, 1966. BLS B u lletin 1553 (70 cen ts). H otels and M o tels, 1966—67. BLS B u lletin 1587 (40 cen ts). Laundry and C leaning S e r v ic e s, 1966. BLS B u lletin 1544 (60 cen ts). L ife In su ran ce, 1966. BLS B u lletin 1569 (30 cen ts). M otion P ic tu re T h ea ters, 1966. BLS B u lletin 1542 (35 cen ts). N u rsin g H om es and R elated F a c ilitie s , 1965. BLS B u lletin 1492 (45 cen ts). II. Other Industry Wage Studies F a cto ry W orkers* E arn in gs— D istrib u tion by S tra ig h t-T im e H ourly E a rn in g s, 1958. BLS B u lletin 1252 (40 cen ts). F a cto ry W orkers* E a rn in g s— S elected M anufacturing In d u stries, 1959. BLS B u lletin 1275 (35 cen ts). E m p loyee E arn in gs and H ours in N onm etrop olitan A rea s of the South and N orth C entral R eg io n s, 1965. BLS B u lletin 1552 (50 cen ts). E m p loyee E arn in gs and H ours in Eight M etrop olitan A rea s of the South, 1965. BLS B u lletin 1533 (40 cen ts). E m p loy ee E arn in gs and H ours in R etail T rad e, June 1966---R etail T rade (O verall Sum m ary). BLS B u lletin 1584 B uilding M a teria ls, H ard w are, and F arm Equipm ent D e a le r s. BLS B u lletin 1584-1 (30 c e n ts ). G en eral M erch an d ise S to r es. BLS B u lletin 1584-2 (55 c en ts). F ood S to r es. BLS B u lletin 1584-3 (60 cen ts). A utom otive D ea lers and G a so lin e S erv ice S tation s. BLS B u lletin 1584-4 (50 cen ts). A pp arel and A c c e s s o r y S to r es. BLS B u lletin 1584-5 (55 cen ts). F u rn itu re, H om e F u rn ish in g s, and H ousehold A ppliance S to r es. BLS B u lletin 1584-6 (50 c e n ts ). M isc ella n e o u s S to r es. BLS B u lletin 1584-7 (65 cen ts). * Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1968 0-327-467 \ R egion I 1 6 0 3 -B Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 2 2 3 -6 7 6 2 (Area Code 617) R egion II 341 Ninth A v e. New York, N . Y . 10001 Phone: 9 7 1 -5 4 0 5 (Area C ode 212) Region III 40 6 Penn Square Building 1317 Filbert St. Philadelphia, Pa. 19107 Phone: 5 9 7 -7 7 1 6 (Area C ode 215) Region IV Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St. NE. Atlanta, G a. 30309 Phone: 5 2 6 -5 4 1 8 (Area Code 404) Region V 219 South Dearborn St. C hicago, 111. 60604 Phone: 3 S 3 -7 2 3 0 (Area C ode 312) Region VI Federal O ffic e Building 911 Walnut S t . , 10th Floor Kansas C ity, M o. 64106 Phone: 3 7 4 -2 4 8 1 (Area C ode 816) Region VII 337 M ayflower Building 411 North Akard St. Dallas, T e x . 75201 Phone: 7 4 9 -3 6 1 6 (Area C ode 214) Region VIII 4 5 0 Golden Gate A v e . Box 36017 San Francisco, C a lif. 94102 Phone: 5 5 6 -4 6 7 8 (Area C ode 415) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR POSTAGE AND FEES PAID BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS U.S. D E P A R T M E N T OF LA BO R WASHINGTON, D.C. 20212 OFFICIAL B U S I N ESS n'HIRD CLASS MAIL” 1
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