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INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY M achinery M anufacturing MARCH-MAY 1963 B u l l e t i n No. 1 3 8 8 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard W irtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY M achinery M an u factu rin g M ARCH-M AY 1963 Bulletin No. 1388 January 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office., Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 25 cents Preface The results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of occupational, wages in the machinery (except electrical) manufacturing industries in 21 areas are summarized in this bulletin. This is the 17th in a series of Bureau sur veys in these industries. Wage data were obtained, largely by mail, between March and May 1963, from establishments which had been visited by Bureau field economists in a similar study in March—June 1962. Personal visits were made to nonrespondents and to respondents reporting un usual changes since the previous survey. Separate releases for the areas, issued within a few months after the pay roll period studied, may be obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D. C. , 20210, or from any of its regional offices. Occupational data are presented for the machinery industries as a whole in each area and separately in se lected areas for special dies and tools, die sets, jigs and fixtures, and for machine-tool accessories and measuring devices. The distributions of workers by occupational earn ings contained in the separate area releases are included here for six jobs. Data on wage practices and supple mentary benefits were not obtained in the current study; however, such information from the previous study is briefly summarized in this bulletin. This bulletin was prepared by Fred W. Mohr in the Bureau's Division of Occupational Pay, under the gen eral direction of L. R. Linsenmayer, Assistant Commis sioner for Wages and Industrial Relations. Field work for the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional Directors for Wages and Industrial Relations. Other reports available from the Bureau's pro gram of industry wage studies, as well as the addresses of the Bureau's six regional offices, are listed at the end of this bulletin. iii Contents Page Sum m ary----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Industry ch aracteristics____________________________________________________________ Trends in earnings__________________________________________________________________ Occupational earnings, March—May 1963 __________________________________________ Supplementary wage benefits,March—June 1962___________________________________ 1 1 2 2 6 Tables: Occupational averages: 1. 2. 3. 4. Men w o rk e rs--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Women w o rk e rs__________________________________________________________ By method of wage payment_____________________________________________ Special dies and tools and machine-tool a cce ssories-------------------------- 7 9 10 11 Earnings distribution: 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Tool and die makers (other than jobbing)____________________________ — Machine-tool operators, production, class A _________________________ Machine-tool operators, production, class B _________________________ Machine-tool operators, production, class C --------------------------------------A ssem b lers, class B ____________________________________________________ Laborers, material handling___________________________________________ 12 13 14 15 16 17 Percent increase in average straight-time hourly earnings for all production workers and two selected occupations in machinery industries, January 1945 to specified dates__________________________________ 4 Chart: Appendixes: A: B: Scope and method of survey_________________________________________________ Occupational descriptions------------------------------------------------------------------------------ v 19 23 Industry Wage Survey— Machinery Manufacturing, March—May 1963 Summary Average straight-time hourly earnings of production and related workers in the nonelectrical machinery industries rose by 2.7 percent between March—June 1962 and March—May 1963, in 21 metropolitan areas studied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.1 Detroit and San Francisco—Oakland led in pay levels for m a chinery workers. Tool and die makers were the highest paid occupational group studied in most areas, as in the previous surveys. Industry Characteristics Employment in the nonelectrical machinery industries in the 21 areas at the time of the survey totaled approximately 525, 000— more than a third of the nationwide total in these industries. Area employment ranged from fewer than 4, 000 in Denver and Portland (Oreg.) to almost 77, 000 in Chicago. Other major areas of employment included Detroit (65, 000), Milwaukee (46, 000), and Los Angeles—Long Beach (44, 000). Employment exceeded 30, 000 in Cleveland, Hartford, Newark and Jersey City, and Philadelphia; it was between 20, 000 and 3 0 .000 in Boston, Minneapolis—St. Paul, and New York City; between 10, 000 and 20 .000 in Buffalo, Houston, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, and San Francisco—Oakland; and between 5, 000 and 10, 000 in Baltimore, Dallas, and W orcester. The principal types of machinery manufactured differed among the areas. For example, a majority of the workers in W orcester and more than two-fifths in Cleveland, Detroit, and Pittsburgh were employed in establishments prim arily manufacturing metalworking machinery and equipment; a majority of those in Denver and Houston were in construction, mining, and material handling machinery establishments; and approximately two-fifths in Buffalo and Hartford were in establishments making general industrial machinery and equipment. Other types of machinery manufacture covered by the study included engines and turbines; farm machinery and equipment; special industry machinery; office, computing, and accounting machines; service industry machines; and miscellaneous machinery. Establishments with fewer than 250 workers accounted for nearly twofifths of the workers within the scope of the survey, establishments with 250 to 2, 499 workers a slightly larger proportion; and establishments with 2, 500 or more employed nearly another fifth. A majority of the workers in Denver, Los A n g e le sLong Beach, New York City, and San Francisco—Oakland were in the establish ments with fewer than 250 workers. Hartford and Milwaukee were the only areas in which more than half of the workers were in establishments with 2, 500 or more employees. Unionization data were not obtained in the 1963 study. At the time of the 1962 survey, however, seven-tenths of the production workers in the 21 areas combined were in establishments having labor-management contracts covering a 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. the respective areas, see table in appendix A. 1 For definition of areas and the payroll period studied in 2 majority of their workers. By area, the proportions of workers in such estab lishments ranged from more than nine-tenths in Pittsburgh and San Francisco— Oakland and more than three-fourths in nine additional areas to about one-fourth in D allas.2 Data concerning the prevalence of incentive wage payments also were not obtained in the current survey. At the time of the previous study, most production workers in each of the areas surveyed were paid time rates. However, two-fifths of the workers in Milwaukee, one-third in Hartford, and one-fifth in Baltimore, Buffalo, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh were paid on an incentive basis. Less than a tenth received incentive pay in seven areas. Trends in Earnings Average straight-time hourly earnings of production workers in the 21 areas studied rose 2.7 percent between March—June 1962 and March—May 1963, compared with an increase of 2.8 percent between March—May 1961 and March— June 1962. (See table and chart on pages 3 and 4, respectively.) Baltimore had the greatest increase (4.9 percent) between the 1962 and 1963 survey periods, but increases exceeded 3 percent in seven additional areas. Houston, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh were the only areas in which the rate of increase averaged less than 2 percent. General wage changes usually account for much of the y ea r-to year movement in wages, although other factors such as labor turnover, incentive earnings, and changes in employment in establishments with different pay levels also affect the trend in wages. Wage movement also varied between the skilled and unskilled jobs studied, as well as among areas. Average hourly earnings of tool and die makers (other than jobbing) in all areas combined rose 2.4 percent (about 8 cents), while earn ings of material handling laborers increased 2.9 percent (approximately 6 cents). Since 1945, when the Bureau started this series of occupational wage relationship studies for the machinery industries, average earnings for these occupations have increased 138 and 184 percent, respectively. The difference between the rates of increase was much greater between 1945 and 1955 than it has been since 1955, due largely to uniform cents-per-hour increases granted during the earlier period. Twice in the past 4 years (between 1959 and I960 and between 1961 and 1962), the percent increase was slightly greater for tool and die makers than for laborers. Occupational Earnings, March—May 1963 Among the occupational groups studied, tool and die makers generally had the highest average hourly earnings in March—May 1963. (See table 1.) Men producing or maintaining tools and dies used in the establishments in which they were employed (i.e ., other than jobbing) had average hourly earnings ranging from $2.80 in Dallas and $2.84 in W orcester to $3.71 in San Francisco—Oakland; in seven areas, their average earnings exceeded $3.25 an hour. Tool and die makers producing tools and dies for sale (jobbing) had average hourly earnings ranging, in the 14 areas for which their earnings data are shown, from $2.83 in Baltimore to $3.71 in Chicago. In most of these areas, the difference in average hourly earnings for tool and die makers (jobbing and other than jobbing) amounted to less than 5 percent. Average hourly earnings of men machine-tool operators (class A), who set up their own machines and perform a variety of machining operations to close tolerances, ranged from $2.49 in Dallas to $3.41 in St. Louis; in 10 areas, their 2 See Industry Wage Survey? Machinery Manufacturing, March-June 1962 (BLS Bulletin 1352, 1963), pp. 26—27. 3 Indexes1 of average straight-time hourly earnings 2 of production workers in machinery manufacturing in selected areas and occupations, March-^May 1963 and March—June 1962, and percent change in selected periods 3 Indexes (1958-59=100) Area and occupation A ll areas combined----------------------------- Percent increase from— Mar. —June M ar.-May Jan. 1960 Jan. 1959 Jan. 1958 Jan. 1945 M ar.— M ar.— 1962 to 1961 to to M ar.to May June M ar.-M ay Mar.—June to M ar.to 1962 May 1961 Jan. 1960 Jan. 1959 May 1963 1963 1963 1962 115.1 112.1 2 .7 2.8 3.1 4.1 3 .3 155.9 118.0 118.7 114.9 114.6 117.6 113.8 112.2 113.0 117.7 112.0 115.2 115.3 116.4 114. 1 115.1 114.1 111.0 120.4 119.7 116.3 115.9 112.5 115.4 111.1 111.1 114.5 110.9 109.4 110.4 114.0 109.9 111.8 112.5 113.6 111. 1 111.8 112.7 110.3 117.0 115.7 112.6 111.8 4 .9 2.8 3 .5 3. 1 2 .7 2 .6 2 .5 2 .4 3 .2 1.9 3.1 2 .5 2 .5 2 .7 3 .0 1.2 .6 2.9 3 .4 3 .3 3 .7 1.9 3 .0 1.9 3 .0 3 .8 2 .6 1.1 2 .0 2 .4 2.1 3.2 3 .0 2 .0 3 .0 3 .7 2 .4 1.6 3 .5 5.1 2 .5 2 .7 4 .3 4 .3 4 .0 1 .5 2. 1 3. 1 3 .2 2 .8 4 .7 4 -. 2 3 .0 3 .5 5 .9 4. 1 4 .0 3 .2 2 .9 2. 1 4 .4 3 .0 5 .2 2 .8 5.1 3 .4 4 .3 6 .8 3 .0 3 .6 4 .1 4 .7 7 .4 4 .0 3 .9 3.9 1 .4 2 .9 4 .2 2 .8 9 .1 3 .7 2 .5 1.8 6.1 4 .6 2 .7 3 .8 2.1 3 .5 2.3 2.3 3.1 .9 2 .5 3.3 2 .7 4 .4 1.3 5 .0 5 .5 3 .2 3 .5 8 .5 3 .4 168.5 161.5 144.8 158.9 144.8 121.3 161.2 132.5 164. 4 138.2 136.7 179.0 157.1 140.0 146.3 155.5 176.7 148.4 194.3 151.0 174.1 115.8 112.5 2 .9 2.3 4 .0 3 .4 4 .7 184.1 115.4 112.7 2 .4 2 .7 3 .6 3 .9 4.1 138.4 Area Baltim ore---------------------------------------Boston--------------------------------------------B u ffalo ------------------------------------------C h ic a g o -----------------------------------------Cleveland----- ----------------------------------D a lla s--------------------------------------------D en v er-----------------------.-------------------D e tro it------------------------------------------H artford-----------------------------------------Houston------------------------------------------Los Angeles-Long Beach----------------------M ilw aukee--------------------------------------M inneapolis-St. P a u l-------------------------Newark and Jersey C i t y ----------------------New York City---------------------------------Philadelphia------------------------------------Pittsburgh---------------------------------------Portland (O reg.) -------------------------------St. Louis-----------------------------------------San Francisco—Oakland-----------------------W orcester---------------------------------------Occupation Laborers, m aterial h an d lin g----------------Tool and die makers (other than jobbing)---------------------------------- 1 For the methodology used in constructing the indexes, see appendix A. 2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 3 Data for periods shown as January cover various months of the winter. 4 This decrease was due to changes in incentive earnings and in the proportions of workers in some job classi fications in establishments having different pay levels. earnings group of the range (class C) averaged $3 or more. Area averages for men in the intermediate machine-tool operators (class B) ranged from $2.06 to $2.85 an hour; for those who performed more routine, repetitive machining operations was from $1.64 to $2.64. Janitors, porters, and cleaners, the lowest paid group in the men’ s occupations studied in most areas, had average earnings ranging from $1.49 an hour in Dallas to $2.40 in San Francisco—Oakland, $2.41 in Detroit, and $2.43 in Portland (Oreg.); their average earnings exceeded $2 an hour in 14 areas. Material handling laborers' earnings averaged less than $2 an hour in two areas and more than $2.50 in three areas. 4 PERCENT INCREASE IN AVERAGE STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS FOR ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS AN D TWO SELECTED OCCUPATIONS IN MACHINERY INDUSTRIES! JANUARY 1945 TO SPECIFIED DATESJ 5 Data for nine areas are presented in table 4 for selected occupations in establishments prim arily engaged in manufacturing special dies and tools, die sets, jigs and fixtures, and/or machine-tool accessories and measuring devices.3 Women, accounting for a relatively small proportion of the workers in machinery manufacturing establishments, 4 were most commonly employed in rou tine assem bly and inspection or repetitive machining operations. In eight areas for which data are shown in table 2, for women class C assem blers, their average hourly earnings ranged from $1.77 in Chicago and $1.78 in Los Angeles—Long Beach and New York City to $2.50 in D etroit.5 Average earnings of women class C machine-tool operators in the areas shown ranged from $1.98 an hour in Chicago to $2.68 in D etroit.6 Incentive-paid workers generally had higher average earnings than work ers in the same occupation who were paid on a time basis (table 3). The following tabulation, in which area average earnings for production workers 7 are expressed as a percent of the average for Chicago, shows that wage levels were highest in Detroit and San Francisco—Oakland, and lowest in Dallas. Relative pay levels in 21 areas (Chicago=100J Detroit------------------------------------San Francisco—O akland----------------St. L ouis---------------------------------M ilw au k ee------------------------------Portland (O reg.)-------------------------Pittsburgh---------------------C levelan d------ -------------------------Chicago-----------------------------------Los Angeles—Long B each -------------------------Newark and Jersey City--------------------------P h iladelph ia----------------------------------------Buffalo-----------------------------------------------Denver-----------------------------------------------Hartford----------------------------------------------B a ltim o re -------------------------------------------New York C ity --------------------------Houston---------------------------------------------Minneapolis—St. Paul-----------------------------W orcester-------------------------------------------Boston-----------------------------------------------D a l l a s ------------------------------------------------ 109 109 105 105 104 103 102 100 97 97 97 95 95 95 94 93 93 92 91 90 78 Pay levels in all areas, except Dallas, were within 10 percent of the Chicago average, ranging from 2 percent to 9 percent above the Chicago level in 7 areas and from 3 to 10 percent below in 12 areas. 3 The separate area releases also provide data for oilfield machinery in Los Angeles-Long Beach, paper and printing machinery in New York City, and textile machinery in Philadelphia. 4 At the time of the 1962 study, women accounted for fewer than one-tenth of the plant workers in the m a chinery industries in the 21 areas surveyed. 5 The separate area releases also show earnings data for women in this occupation in D allas, Minneapolis— St. Paul, and Boston, with averages of $1.32, $1.52, and $1.9 0 an hour, respectively. 6 The Worcester and Philadelphia area releases also include this occupation, and show average hourly earnings of $1.9 4 and $2.37, respectively. 7 The pay index for production workers was based on 10 men’s jobs common to all areas (assemblers, classes A and B; inspectors, class A; janitors, porters, and cleaners; laborers, m aterial handling; m achine-tool operators, production, classes A, B, and C; tool and die makers (other than jobbing); and welders, hand, class A). To minimize interarea differences in occupational composition, weights expressing constant employment relationships based on total employment in the respective jobs in all 21 areas were used. Aggregates were computed for each area by multiplying the straight-time hourly earnings for each job by these weights and totaling. The ratio of these aggregates formed the basis for the index. 6 Supplementary Wage Benefits, study. March—June 1962 Information on supplementary wage benefits was not obtained in the 1963 Data from the 1962 study are briefly summarized below.8 At the time of the 1962 survey, nearly all workers in the nonelectrical machinery industries in the 21 areas studied were employed in establishments providing paid holidays, paid vacations, and some type of insurance or pension plan. A majority of both production and office workers in Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, San Francisco—Oakland, and W orcester were employed in establish ments which granted 8 or more holidays annually. In each of the other areas, m ost workers received at least 6 days a year. Half day holidays in addition to full day holidays were common in most areas. Paid vacations of at least 1 week after 1 year and 2 weeks after 5 years of service were provided in establishments employing nearly all production and office workers in the areas studied. In most areas, at least three-fourths of the workers were in establishments which provided vacations of 3 weeks or longer after 15 years of service. Life, hospitalization, and surgical insurance, for which employers paid at least part of the cost, were available to more than four-fifths of the production and office workers in each of the areas studied. Sickness and accident insurance and medical insurance also were provided to a large majority of the workers in most areas. Retirement pension benefits (other than those available under Federal old-age, survivors, and disability insurance) were provided by establishments accounting for a majority of the production workers in all except four areas and for half or more of the office employees in all areas. 8 See BLS Bulletin 1352, op. c it ., pp. 7—8 and pp. 34—41. The provisions in effect at the time of the 1963 survey may not have been the same as those reported in the 1962 study, since changes in benefits may have occurred during the interval between the two studies. Table 1. Occupational Averages: Men Workers (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in m a c h in e r y m a n u fa ctu rin g , 21 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , M a r c h —M a y 1963 2 ) N ew England South M id d le A tla n t ic N e w a rk N ew Y o r k B o s to n W orcester and B a lt im o r e H a rtfo rd B u ffa lo P it t s b u r g h P h ila d e lp h ia D a lla s H ou ston C ity J e r s e y C ity Num A v e r N um A v e r N um A v e r N um A v e r N um A v e r N um A v e r N um A v e r N um A v e r Num A v e r N um A v e r N um A v e r ber ber ber a ge ber ber age ber a ge ber a ge ber a ge ber ber a ge ber a ge a ge a ge a ge age o f h o u r ly of h o u r ly h o u r ly h o u r ly of h o u r ly h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly o f h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of of of w ork ea rn w ork e a rn w o rk ea rn w o rk e a rn w o rk ea rn w o rk ea rn w o rk ea rn w o rk ea rn w o rk e a rn w o rk ea rn w o rk ea rn ers in g s ers ers ers ers ers in g s ers ers ers in gs in g s ers in g s in g s ers in g s in g s in g s in g s in gs O c cup a ti'on A s s e m b le r s , c la s s A __ _ __ __ __ _ _____ _ A s s e m b le r s , cla s s B __ __ __ A s s e m b l e r s , c l a s s C ...... — ---E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in te n a n c e .... ...... I n s p e c t o r s , c l a s s A __ __ . In sp e cto rs, cla s s B r . In sp e cto rs, cla s s C ................ J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s T ,a h o r e r s . m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n . cla s s A 3 _ _ D r i l l - p r e s s o p e r a t o r s , r a d ia l, c l a s s A ___ D r ill-p r e s s o p e r a to r s , s in g le - o r m u lt i p l e - s p in d le , c l a s s A E n g in e -la t h e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ___________ G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A _____ M i ll in g -m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A _______ S c r e w -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , a u to m a tic, cla s s A _ _ T u r r e t - la t h e o p e r a t o r s , hand (in clu d in g 460 389 138 61 152 146 78 197 249 $2.77 2 .48 2 .27 2 .87 2 .82 2.53 2 .22 1.84 2 .1 4 269 847 560 94 175 338 556 235 323 $2.81 2 .3 6 2 .17 3.01 2 .6 4 2 .4 5 2 .3 9 2 .0 8 2 .0 9 265 189 35 42 87 58 112 83 $2.74 2 .46 2 .3 4 2.81 2 .66 2 .5 0 1.96 2 .1 4 299 186 99 78 112 73 17 163 74 $2.9 4 2 .5 9 2 .3 4 2 .8 9 3 .0 2 2 .7 6 2 .3 4 2 .1 4 2 .3 6 752 892 279 145 229 179 97 395 483 1,581 35 102 2.77 2 .8 4 2.83 1,361 51 2 .8 6 _ 2 .7 8 783 68 2 .7 0 2 .5 9 857 - 2 .8 0 - 1 ,912 154 87 173 203 186 2 .86 2.76 2 .77 2 .90 20 142 376 144 2.81 2 .7 2 2 .9 5 2 .87 28 109 147 118 2 .7 8 2 .6 2 2 .6 8 2 .7 9 17 168 78 121 2 .5 0 2 .7 8 2 .8 9 2 .8 5 71 342 184 323 2 .56 2 .8 5 2 .8 8 2.91 - 680 4 14 98 351 258 38 288 229 $2.79 2.43 3 .0 5 2 .8 2 2.91 2 .4 5 2 .0 4 2 .2 5 371 199 88 106 144 66 144 160 $3.18 2 .8 2 2 .4 9 3 .1 0 3 .3 0 2 .7 4 2 .2 9 2.41 107 109 57 29 79 36 27 99 $3.32 2 .5 9 2.01 2 .9 0 2 .9 2 2 .63 2 .1 9 1.74 158 242 172 29 53 58 170 124 $2.34 1.99 1.47 2 .5 4 2 .5 4 2 .0 7 1.49 1.56 286 123 60 101 153 166 284 246 $2.61 2 .4 4 2.13 3.08 2.93 2 .7 9 1.89 1.93 2 .8 5 2 ,7 1 6 34 3 .0 8 234 3 .0 0 , 2.87 3 .3 4 2 .8 0 1,655 120 3 .07 _ 2 .7 5 723 28 2 .8 8 _ 3 .1 0 695 54 13 2 .4 9 2.51 2 .2 9 1,302 87 68 2 .85 2.87 2 .79 169 133 297 2 .8 5 2 .93 2 .90 2 .69 2.91 2 .68 2.81 272 233 253 3 .1 5 2 .96 3 .0 8 108 27 90 2 .6 7 3 .1 9 3 .37 20 153 70 90 2 .3 2 2 .5 2 2 .5 9 2 .47 32 204 110 183 2 .65 2.97 2 .7 9 2 .82 805 594 943 40 127 71 99 199 191 2 .8 9 1,493 27 92 2 .99 $2.83 2 .3 4 1.99 2 .9 4 3 .0 2 2 .5 6 1.91 1.87 2 .0 8 131 250 339 318 118 2 .8 9 14 2 .9 2 - 26 3.23 34 2 .97 - 30 2 .43 - 232 2 .8 0 118 2 .6 4 227 2 .8 0 351 2.83 223 2.81 381 2 .8 5 190 2 .9 2 87 3 .03 183 2 .4 6 334 2.84 ...... 854 2 .39 D r i l l - p r e s s o p e r a t o r s , r a d ia l, c l a s s B ____ D r i l l - p r e s s o p e r a t o r s , s i n g le - o r m u lt i p l e -s p in d le , c l a s s B E n g in e -la t h e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B __ __ G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B______ M i ll in g -m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B_ __ S c r e w -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , a u to m a tic, c l a s s B __ __ _ __ „ __ __ T u r r e t - la t h e o p e r a t o r s , hand (in clu d in g hand s c r e w m a c h in e ), c l a s s B . . .......... 37 2 .38 1,761 10 41 2 .6 4 2 .67 2.51 458 16 47 2 .4 9 2 .7 8 2 .36 597 36 2 .5 4 2 .7 8 1,346 46 2 .7 4 2 .5 0 1 ,130 56 2 .47 2 .2 0 1,379 54 2 .8 5 2 .4 4 558 - 2 .76 - 427 13 2 .4 6 _ 2 ,4 2 289 _ 52 2 .0 6 _ 1.99 463 15 47 2.63 2.61 2 .5 9 71 68 87 80 2 .35 2.46 2.41 2 .5 2 165 37 803 169 2 .6 2 2 .2 2 2 .66 2 .45 52 30 150 61 2 .4 8 2.41 2 .46 2 .6 2 38 160 82 32 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 4 2 .7 6 108 114 107 2.41 2 .56 2 .42 48 184 75 156 2 .4 0 2 .7 4 2 .3 9 2.53 37 120 - 2.53 2 .6 4 - 88 41 3 .13 2 .8 4 36 51 64 _ 2 .5 6 2 .3 0 2 .47 _ 14 36 29 37 1.86 2.31 2.03 2 .1 4 22 24 61 77 2 .50 2 .59 2.73 2.66 21 2 .3 4 241 2 .90 10 2 .4 9 - _ 16 2 .0 5 149 2.37 91 2 .6 8 43 2.41 136 2 .5 8 36 2 .7 4 97 2 .48 172 326 - 1.98 - 1,035 - 2 .6 2 83 2 .1 2 120 2 .3 8 399 2 .2 8 701 22 2 .0 4 2 .06 _ 46 16 23 1.95 2 .65 1.99 215 468 197 2 .5 8 2 .7 6 2 .37 215 39 19 59 1.75 2 .1 4 2 .26 2 .0 6 60 2.01 33 2 .6 2 - 71 260 177 121 285 2.69 2.79 3.03 3 .05 2 .70 290 2 .99 28 24 M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c la s s C 3 ...... _ . D r i l l - p r e s s o p e r a t o r s , r a d ia l, c l a s s C____ D r ill-p r e s s o p e r a t o r s , s in g le - o r m u lt i p l e - s p in d le , c l a s s C E n g in e -la t h e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C .. ... G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C______ M i ll in g -m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C T u r r e t - la t h e o p e r a t o r s , hand (in clu d in g h and s c r e w m a c h in e ), c l a s s C _ _ M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m _____________ M a c h in is t s , p r o d u c t io n __ __ _ T o o l and d ie m a k e r s (jo b b in g ) _ ---T o o l and d ie m a k e r s (o t h e r than jo b b in g )______ W e ld e r s , ha nd, c l a s s A ..... . W e ld e r s , hand, c l a s s B _. _ . .. S ee fo o t n o t e s at en d o f ta b le . - " - 302 493 28 36 - - 2 .96 3 .0 9 3 .07 2 .3 2 - 9 36 - - 70 26 14 - - - 51 17 1.85 2 .1 2 - - - 2 .6 8 2.71 119 - 161 114 231 46 2 .8 4 2 .87 2.51 - _ - 2 .2 8 2 .5 9 - - 2.91 - 3 .0 4 3 .03 2 .8 9 2 .53 - - 147 40 24 - 985 205 711 350 240 ■ - - 2 .3 5 2 .3 8 2.11 2 .9 4 2 .8 9 3 .1 4 3 .23 3 .0 5 - _ 197 157 307 143 71 174 _ - 2 .8 0 3.01 3 .0 5 3 .17 3 .2 0 2 .4 8 - - 23 - _ _ 3 .04 - 71 - - - _ - 38 2.51 51 2 .0 2 156 2.65 328 - 2 .0 2 _ 241 _ 1.64 _ 198 14 2.27 2.07 1.63 2 .4 2 51 _ 7 1.57 _ _ 1.69 _ 21 28 _ _ 2 .26 2.35 - 45 2 .28 77 93 2 .6 7 2.51 146 393 2 .92 2.99 69 281 140 2 .8 0 2 .3 4 1.89 97 556 316 3 .15 2.73 2 .65 2 .5 9 - - - 22 11 - - - - - - _ _ _ 2 .16 269 118 585 370 545 3.01 2 .78 3.21 3 .2 2 2.83 ~ _ 68 185 73 _ _ 2 .0 9 - 28 “ - _ 2.93 2 .65 - - _ 64 243 M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c la s s B 3 ........ _ _ - $2.96 2 .3 9 2 .2 5 3 .0 9 2 .86 2 .5 8 2 .4 7 1.92 2 .1 6 - 3 .2 5 2 .9 5 2.73 - - 123 - 91 51 93 35 2 .8 9 - 2.83 2 .9 8 2 .8 2 2 .5 6 _ _ _ _ CO Table 1. Occupational Averages: Men Workers— Continued (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f m en in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in m a c h in e r y m a n u fa c tu r in g , 21 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , M a r c h —M a y 1963 2 ) F a r W e st M id d le W e st C le v e la n d C h ica g o O c c u p a t io n A s s e m b l e r s , c l a s s A _____________________________ A s s e m b l e r s , c l a s s B _____ __________________ A s s e m b l e r s , c l a s s C ________ __ ____________ E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in t e n a n c e ___________________ — I n s p e c t o r s , c l a s s A _______________________________ I n s p e c t o r s , c l a s s B __ ___________________ _ I n s p e c t o r s , c l a s s C ________________________ ____ — J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s __ L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g _______ — M a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , cla s s A 1 3--------- -------------------------------2 ---------------A u t o m a t ic -la t h e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ________ D r i l l - p r e s s o p e r a t o r s , r a d ia l, c l a s s A ____ D r ill-p r e s s o p e r a t o r s , s in g le - or m u lt ip le - s p in d le , c l a s s A -------------------------E n g in e -la t h e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ____________ G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A --------M i ll in g -m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A -----------S c r e w -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , a u t o m a t ic , c l a s s A ________________________________________ T u r r e t - la t h e o p e r a t o r s , hand (in clu d in g hand s c r e w m a c h in e ), c l a s s A -------------------M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s B 3____________________________________________ A u t o m a t ic -la t h e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ------------D r i l l - p r e s s o p e r a t o r s , r a d ia l, c l a s s B -----D r ill-p r e s s o p e r a to r s , s in g le - o r m u lt i p l e - s p in d le , c l a s s B ---------------------------E n g in e -la t h e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ------------------G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B --------M i ll in g -m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B --------S c r e w -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , a u t o m a t ic , c l a s s B ------------ --------------------------------------------T u r r e t - la t h e o p e r a t o r s , hand (in c lu d in g h and s c r e w m a c h in e ), c l a s s B ___________ M a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s C 3____________________________________________ D r i l l - p r e s s o p e r a t o r s , r a d ia l, c l a s s C -----D r ill-p r e s s o p e r a to r s , s in g le - o r m u lt i p l e -s p in d le , c l a s s C ---------------------------E n g in e -la t h e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C ---------- ;-------G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C --------M illin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C --------T u r r e t - la t h e o p e r a t o r s , hand (in c lu d in g hand s c r e w m a c h in e ), c l a s s C -------------------M a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m _________ __ M a c h in is t s , p r o d u c t i o n ------ --------------------------- _ T o o l and d ie m a k e r s (jo b b i n g )-----------------------------T o o l and d ie m a k e r s (o t h e r than j o b b i n g ) --------W e l d e r s , h a n d , c l a s s A --------------------------------------W e l d e r s , hand, c l a s s B ---------------- -------------------- Num A v er ber a ge h o u r ly of w ork ea rn in gs ers D e t r o it Num A v e r Num ber ber age h o u r ly of of w ork ea rn w ork in gs ers ers A ver a ge h o u r ly earn in gs M ilw a u k ee M in n e a p o lis — St. P a u l Num A v e r ber a ge h o u r ly of w ork ea rn in gs ers Num A v e r ber a ge h o u r ly of w ork ea rn in gs ers 2, 548 2, 030 873 356 632 505 340 817 1 ,4 7 1 $ 3 . 02 2. 65 2. 21 3. 30 2. 98 2. 68 2 .4 3 2. 11 2. 15 1 ,0 0 2 764 185 144 284 216 77 410 320 $ 3 . 11 2 .9 1 2 .4 9 3. 16 2. 99 2. 84 2. 70 2. 20 2 .4 2 713 1 ,2 8 3 438 208 523 434 72 982 680 $ 3 . 36 2. 78 2. 60 3 .4 8 3. 28 2. 88 2. 79 2 .4 1 2. 60 516 928 505 218 441 463 91 391 777 6, 979 201 599 3. 07 3. 15 3. 03 4 , 038 37 233 3. 00 3. 01 3. 00 4, 938 14 92 3. 34 3. 09 3. 36 2, 084 97 188 295 1, 182 836 773 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 126 60 30 40 8 92 $ 2 . 77 2 .4 3 2. 21 2 .9 1 2. 55 2. 05 1 ,2 0 4 758 313 83 514 100 21 4 65 357 $ 2 . 85 2 .4 1 2. 07 3. 07 3. 05 2. 54 2. 36 2. 10 2. 29 222 98 11 9 41 35 32 $ 3 . 11 2. 80 2. 51 3. 03 3. 11 2 .4 3 2 .6 6 117 150 369 23 143 107 61 $ 3 . 26 2. 84 2. 53 3. 59 3. 23 2 .4 0 2. 59 3. 13 3. 11 3. 04 1 ,0 9 4 42 65 2. 80 2. 71 2. 82 647 50 40 3 .4 1 3. 08 3. 05 283 13 3. 03 3. 03 5, 317 152 238 3. 04 3. 00 2. 87 557 44 ’ 3. 11 3. 07 1, 099 - 18 28 3. 31 3. 32 3. 27 2. 75 3 .4 5 153 823 1 ,6 8 4 528 2. 3. 3. 2. 142 17 77 3. 11 3. 07 3. 11 131 - 3. 26 - ' 95 3. 15 143 3. 23 71 04 18 91 91 2. 86 58 3. 31 ” 3. 19 521 3. 13 275 2. 82 44 3. 11 56 3. 26 784 2. 94 57 ' 3. 10 3, 946 87 311 2. 83 2. 78 2. 74 1, 576 22 284 2. 84 2. 80 2 .7 9 674 19 134 2. 52 2. 55 2. 57 504 - 2. 75 “ 117 31 2 .4 4 2. 51 1, 276 13 61 2 .4 8 2 .4 3 2. 54 124 26 2. 73 2. 73 375 45 2. 83 2. 91 91 98 86 79 364 239 1, 545 459 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 135 59 32 28 2 .4 8 2 .6 3 2. 51 2 .6 4 97 45 44 2. 62 2. 74 2. 69 10 8 9 10 2. 29 2 .4 8 2. 33 2 .4 6 247 176 156 2. 34 2. 54 2 .4 9 26 6 2. 75 2 .7 9 97 56 8 2. 90 2. 78 2. 86 2. 80 27 2. 74 ' 2. 36 183 2. 64 " 14 2 .7 9 62 2. 84 2. 31 348 2. 21 - - 208 2. 58 " - ' - " 88 - " 2 .5 6 - 2. 96 491 2. 83 2. 65 2. 81 2. 2. 2. 2. 1 ,0 6 4 3. 15 674 2, 820 99 265 2. 71 2. 89 2. 78 1, 560 90 71 190 3. 01 10 2. 95 _ 45 3. 32 228 2. 83 36 2. 59 60 2. 55 11 280 26 2. 61 2. 64 399 “ 1 .9 2 180 “ 2 .4 3 35 - 169 “ 1 .7 6 ” 94 12 17 2. 23 2. 66 2. 37 - ' 29 ' 2. 69 ' 206 259 323 211 214 112 3 .3 2 3 .4 1 3. 66 3. 55 2. 91 2 .4 7 34 36 136 40 345 2. 74 213 2. 71 399 1 ,3 5 0 59 2. 18 2. 52 545 16 2 .4 2 2. 52 1, 033 2. 64 2. 2. 2. 2. 07 30 33 34 131 13 107 70 2. 2. 2. 2. 116 2. 33 - - 1 ,4 7 7 232 1 ,3 5 1 563 1 ,5 5 5 693 3. 28 3. 29 3. 71 3 .4 4 3. 08 2. 55 790 37 60 39 54 3. 07 3. 23 3. 28 2. 94 2. 65 78 68 00 91 231 182 164 252 2. 81 396 36 170 147 3. 3. 3. 3. 70 06 84 75 " 158 41 278 159 2. 2. 2. 2. - - 4, 112 4 , 023 476 331 388 54 70 51 63 - 3. 61 - 3. 3. 3. 2. 92 51 69 52 14 77 477 282 367 580 556 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 P a y r o l l p e r io d s c o v e r e d in in d iv id u a l a r e a s a re in d ic a te d in the ta b le in a p p en d ix A . 3 In clu d e s da ta f o r o p e r a t o r s o f o t h e r m a c h in e t o o ls in a d d ition to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . N O T E : D a s h e s $ 2 .9 3 2. 70 2. 32 3. 31 3. 14 2. 60 2. 11 2. 23 3. 23 3. 18 3. 03 792 197 417 209 276 578 596 57 97 164 175 345 86 166 259 - $ 2 . 70 2. 37 2. 13 3. 13 2. 76 2. 04 2. 27 44 24 3. 26 38 633 1 ,2 4 1 294 49 148 259 341 3. 04 3. 18 3 .4 4 73 2. 90 15 91 76 21 03 93 56 29 38 $3. 2. 2. 3. 3. 2. 2. 2. 2. 12 42 66 68 546 2, 073 580 44 Num A v er ber a ge h o u r ly of w ork ea rn ers in gs 70 84 90 86 16 95 08 07 234 146 254 190 A ver a ge h o u r ly earn in g s San F r a n c is c o O ak la nd A ver Num ber a ge h o u r ly of w ork earn ers in g s 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 3. 3. 63 68 71 78 A v e r Num A v e r Num ber ber age age h o u r ly h o u r ly of of earn w ork earn w ork ers in gs ers in gs P o r t la n d 99 73 58 57 98 202 250 227 160 365 577 473 2. 2. 2. 2. Num ber of w ork ers D enver 05 00 15 11 08 35 34 32 94 07 09 07 331 316 396 431 s t . :L ou is L os A n g e le s L on g B e a c h in d ic a t e no da ta r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lica tio n c r i t e r i a . 2 .6 2 2. 85 3. 21 3 .4 9 3 .4 3 3. 06 2. 85 206 124 191 161 568 211 “ " 2 .9 3 2 .9 1 3. 37 3. 18 2. 73 2. 61 - “ " - 2. 90 3. 03 2. 81 2. 56 87 " 83 33 287 666 852 332 1, 342 235 3. 01 2. 12 2. 31 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 12 09 31 27 03 63 ■ 24 125 271 " 3. 25 3. 09 3. 07 75 315 168 345 3 .4 0 3. 27 3. 71 3 .2 9 Table 2. Occupational Averages: Women Workers (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in m a c h in e r y m a n u fa c t u r in g , N ew E ngland M id d le A tla n tic South N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity H a rtfo rd O c c u p a t io n 10 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , M a r c h —M a y 1963) N ew Y o r k C ity M id d le W est B a lt im o r e N u m b er of w ork ers A vera g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 168 991 $ 2 . 23 2. 26 4 78 $ 2. 22 $ 2 .0 1 1. 78 2. 07 533 2. 10 _ 24 174 16 N u m b er of w ork ers C h ic a g o A v era ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly ea rn in g s 764 31 57 $ 1. 77 2. 41 1. 94 M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , 9 M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s C 2 _______________ __________________ _______ D r ill-p r e s s o p e r a t o r s , s in g le - o r m u lt i p l e -s p in d le , c l a s s C G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C ______ M i ll in g -m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C _______ 393 2. 04 320 39 2. 05 2 . 07 2 .4 4 2. 26 40 - " - " _ 15 $ 2 .4 4 92 2. 34 - - " _ A s s e m b le r s , cla s s R A s s e m b le r s , c la s s C In s p e c to rs , c la s s R In sp ec to rs, _ .... __ c la s s C. M a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s B ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. 98 62 11 “ 2. 22 2. 21 F a r W e st M id d le W e s t — C on tin u ed C le v e la n d 197 L os A n g e le s L on g B e a c h St. L o u is D e t r o it N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s N um ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w ork ers 103 $ 2 .4 2 $ 2. 50 565 $ 2 .4 4 2. 87 2. 58 114 1 ,0 3 5 37 300 2. 23 126 2 .4 5 764 88 401 92 2. 57 90 2. 87 43 147 2. 19 220 2. 68 71 71 60 2. 63 2. 80 2. 68 A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s $ 2. 10 1. 78 2. 47 San F r a n c i s c o — O ak land N um ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s _ _ 83 $ 2 . 38 2. 37 6 2. 84 30 2. 13 38 2. 50 31 2 .4 9 30 2. 13 M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s C. 2 ....... _ _ ....... D r ill-p r e s s o p e r a t o r s , s in g le - o r m u l t i p le - s p in d l e , c l a s s C .................. . G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C ______ M i ll in g -m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C _______ - - 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la t e s h ift s . 2 In c lu d e s da ta f o r o p e r a t o r s o f o th e r m a ch in e t o o ls in a d d ition to t h o se sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: D a s h e s in d ic a t e no da ta r e p o r t e d o r data that d o not m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a . VO Table 3. Occupational Averages: By Method of Wage Payment (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f m en in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in m a c h in e r y m a n u fa ctu rin g , O 11 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , M a r c h —M a y 1963) New E n g lan d B o s to n O c c u p a t io n 2 N u m b er of w ork ers A s s e m b le r s , c la s s A : T im e w o r k e r s I n ce n tiv e w o r k e r s __ _________ ____________ A s s e m b le r s , c la s s B: T im e w o r k e r s _____________________________________ I n ce n tiv e w o r k e r s _______________________________ A s s e m b le r s , c la s s C: T im e w o r k e r s . I n ce n tiv e w o r k e r s _ M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s A : T i m e w o r k e r s __ _____ __ _____ _________ ___ I n ce n tiv e w o r k e r s _______________________________ M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s B : T i m e w o r k e r s ---------------------------- -------_______ _ __ __ I n ce n tiv e w o r k e r s __ M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s C : T i m e w o r k e r s _____ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ ____ __ __ ___ _____ _ _ In c e n tiv e w o r k e r s H a r t fo r d A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m ber of w ork ers W orcester A v era ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s 300 160 $ 2 .5 3 3.22 160 109 $ 2 .7 0 2.98 277 112 2.35 2.82 237 610 2 .26 2 .39 _ M id d le A tla n tic _ - N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s _ - N ew a rk arid J e r s e ' V C ity N u m b er A v era g e of h o u r ly w ork ers e a rn in g s _ _ $ 2 .4 7 2 .4 4 119 70 649 103 $ 2 .9 3 3 .1 7 713 179 2 .26 2 .9 3 . _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - N ew Y o r k C ity P h ila d e lp h ia A v era ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s N u m b er of w ork ers N u m b er of w ork ers _ _ _ _ 575 19 $ 2 .3 4 2 .5 2 543 400 1.80 2 .2 4 2 .3 8 3 .49 - - 735 626 2 .72 3.03 596 187 2 .6 0 3 .0 0 1, 547 365 2 .9 0 2 .87 1, 338 155 2.81 3 .26 2, 144 572 2 .7 8 3 .18 753 101 2.35 2.75 739 1 ,0 2 2 2 .38 2 .83 297 161 2 .3 9 2 .6 8 1, 183 163 2 .76 2 .5 8 1, 082 48 2 .46 2 .5 8 848 531 2 .6 3 3 .2 2 410 627 2.48 2.71 59 24 2 .0 2 2 .3 9 307 92 2 .1 6 2 .68 560 141 1.99 2 .2 4 _ _ - _ C le v e la n d A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers F a r W est M ilw a u k ee A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s _ - N u m b er of w ork ers L os A n g e le s L ong B each St. E o u is A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s _ _ _ 2, 099 449 $ 3 .0 2 3 .00 725 277 $ 2 .9 0 3 .66 238 278 $ 2 .8 5 3 .4 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 733 297 2.63 2 .7 4 467 297 2 .6 0 3 .4 0 411 517 2 .5 6 3 .18 _ _ _ _ _ _ 690 183 2 .12 2 .5 2 91 94 2 .4 4 2 .5 3 212 293 2 .4 4 2 .9 9 _ _ _ _ - - - - 4, 706 2, 273 3 .04 3 .14 3, 134 904 2 .8 6 3 .4 7 642 1 , 44fc 2 .8 5 3 .2 6 233 414 $ 3 .0 3 3 .6 2 5, 015 302 $ 3 .0 4 3.01 1 ,8 4 2 978 2.61 2 .8 9 1 ,0 9 6 464 2 .6 3 3 .3 0 699 877 2 .5 5 3 .0 7 207 297 2 .6 2 2 .8 4 1 ,2 0 1 66 2 .48 2 .5 2 1, 036 314 2.06 2.56 515 30 2.41 2 .6 0 141 139 2 .2 4 2 .9 9 131 49 2 .2 3 2 .9 6 _ _ - - 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and. la te s h ift s . 2 In p r e s e n t in g s e p a r a t e e s t im a t e s f o r t im e and in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s , the c r i t e r i a w e r e : (1) E a ch m e th o d o f p a y g r o u p w a s r e p o r t e d in at le a s t 3 e s t a b lis h m e n t s ; (2) at w e r e r e p o r t e d at e a c h m e th o d o f p a y ; and (3) n o c o m p a n y r e p r e s e n t e d m o r e than 60 p e r c e n t o f the to ta l e m p lo y m e n t in the jo b . D a s h e s in d ic a t e no da ta r e p o r t e d o r data that d o not m e e t p u b lica tio n c r it e r ia . 393 21 2.62 3.16 N u m b er of w ork ers NOTE: $ 2 .7 6 3.01 _ M id d l6 W est M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s A : T im e w o r k e r s - — ----- -------- -----------I n ce n tiv e w o r k e r s — — - ------ _ M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s B : T im e w o r k e r s _ _____ ___ _______ _ ___ I n ce n tiv e w o r k e r s . ----- -------- — - — ___ M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s C : T im e w o r k e r s _ -------____ _______ In c e n tiv e w o r k e r s _____ - ---- ---------------- 584 96 1, 140 441 C h ica g o A s s e m b le r s , c la s s A : T im e w o r k e r s _____________ _____ ______ __ __ ____ I n ce n tiv e w o r k e r s - _ ___ ____ _______ ___ A s s e m b le r s , cla s s B: T im e w o r k e r s — — — - -----------In c e n t iv e w o r k e r s _ __ ____ _____ _______ A s s e m b le r s , c la s s C: T i m e w o r k e r s __ _________________ _________________ I n ce n tiv e w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------ A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s le a s t 6 w ork ers Table 4. Occupational Averages: Special Dies and Tools and Machine-Tool Accessories (N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f m en in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r im a r i ly m a n u fa ctu rin g s p e c i a l d ie s and t o o ls and m a c h in e - t o o l a c c e s s o r i e s , 9 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , M a r c h —M a y 1963) C h ic a g o S p e c ia l d ies and t o o ls 2 O c c u p a t io n N u m b er of w ork ers _ 46 27 In sp e cto rs, cla s s A __ __ __ _ __ __ __ _ I n sp e cto rs, c la s s B __ __ __ __ ___ __ J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s _________________ L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g __ _ ___ __ ---- . N u m b er of w ork ers _ $ 1 .9 6 2. 26 N u m ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s $ 2 .8 5 2. 68 2. 09 2. 34 20 36 - 4 39 53 229 70 3. 12 3. 09 3. 19 3 .0 1 - 2. 73 2. 72 - 354 56 133 69 2 .6 6 2. 74 2 .6 6 2 .6 8 153 11 7 - 78 - 1. 99 - 175 84 2. 16 2. 14 26 - 776 1, 346 7 3 .4 2 3. 71 2. 99 47 7 3. 03 2. 99 453 769 11 - - - 117 20 - M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c la s s C 4 G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C ______ M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m _ T o o l and d ie m a k e r s (jo b b in g ) ____ W e ld e r s , hand, c la s s A _ A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 39 13 50 31 M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , cla s s A 4 E n g in e -la t h e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ____________ G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ______ M i ll in g -m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A _______ M a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , cla s s B 4 _ . . . E n g in e -la t h e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ____________ G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ______ M i ll in g -m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ______ C le v e la n d D e t r o it S p e c ia l d ie s and t o o ls 1 2 M a c h in e -t o o l a cce s s o rie s 3 M a c h in e -t o o l a c c e s s o r ie s 3 ' S p e c ia l d ie s and t o o ls 2 A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s N u m ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s $ 3 . 03 1 .9 2 - 12 288 142 $ 3 .8 7 2 .4 1 2. 71 79 65 129 - $ 3 . 20 3 .0 3 2. 25 - 3. 29 1 ,4 1 0 155 832 225 3. 17 3. 16 3. 20 3 .2 2 - 150 - - - - - - 2. 54 2. 59 2. 61 - 298 - 2 .9 0 - 883 27 565 223 2. 75 2 .7 9 2. 75 2. 75 2. 17 - 81 - 2. 55 - 369 226 2 .4 8 2. 52 2 .9 9 3. 23 2 .9 7 3, 633 4 ,0 0 9 18 3 .6 3 3 .6 9 3. 58 80 3. 51 3. 10 N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity M ilw a u k ee L ong B ea ch _ 15 N ew Y o r k C ity S p e c ia l d ie s and t o o ls 2 and m a c h in e - t o o l a c c e s s o r i e s 3 N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h ou rly ea rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers N u m ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 55 35 84 94 87 8 56 16 $ 3 . 32 2 .4 2 1. 90 2. 28 A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s _ 9 - _ $ 2 . 05 - 20 53 18 $ 2 .9 9 1 .6 7 1. 60 _ _ 20 - _ $ 1 . 70 - - - - 48 - 2. 75 - 116 18 - 2. 36 2 .4 2 - I n s p e c t o r s , c l a s s A ___ __ _________ _ __ I n s p e c t o r s , c l a s s B _______ _______ ___ _ __ J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s _____________ L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g _ ______ ______ __ 11 7 10 - $ 2 .7 1 2. 37 1 .72 - 36 35 20 14 M a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s A 4_ E n g in e -la t h e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ______ __ G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ______ M i ll in g -m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A __ ____ 76 52 - 2. 69 2 .6 6 - 416 51 230 44 2 .9 6 2. 81 3. 06 2. 70 541 97 188 47 3. 3. 3. 3. 21 23 24 12 - M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s B 4_______________________ _____________________ E n g in e -la t h e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B _ _ ______ G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ______ M i ll in g -m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B _______ 105 15 - 2. 37 2 .4 9 - 556 26 397 64 2. 39 2. 32 2 .4 3 2. 18 160 22 75 24 2. 52 2 .4 1 2 .6 0 2 .4 5 60 - 70 49 138 " 1 .8 9 2 .6 1 3 .0 4 " 78 - 2. 11 - 68 - 2. 14 - - 91 302 2 .7 6 2. 96 " 40 833 43 3. 20 3. 32 3. 15 163 282 M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , p r o d u c t io n , c l a s s C 4____________________________________________ G r in d in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C ______ M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m _ ______ M a c h in is t s , p r o d u c tio n ......... _ _ T o o l and d ie m a k e r s (jo b b i n g )----------------------------W e l d e r s , h a n d, c l a s s A __ __ _ _ 1 2 3 4 $2. 2. 1. 1. E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . I n c lu d e s d ie s e t s , j i g s and fi x t u r e s , a ls o . In c lu d e s m e a s u r in g d e v i c e s , a ls o . In c lu d e s d a ta f o r o p e r a t o r s o f o th e r m a ch in e t o o ls in a d d ition t o t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: D a s h e s in d ic a t e n o d a ta r e p o r t e d o r data that d o not m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a . . 2 .6 3 3. 19 3 .4 9 ■ N um ber of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s 91 14 - 2 .4 4 2. 56 - 91 23 2. 17 2. 07 65 - 1. 85 - 2 .7 9 3. 14 ~ 146 58 307 - 2 .7 3 2 .6 6 3. 05 “ 645 711 ~ Table 5. Earnings Distribution: Tool and Die Makers (Other Than Jobbing) (P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f m e n w o r k e r s b y s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 in m a c h in e r y m a n u fa c tu r in g , 20 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , M a r c h —M a y 1963) M id d le A tla n tic N ew E n g la n d A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 $ 2. 20 and u n d er $ 2. 30 $ 2. 30 and u n d er $ 2. 40 $ 2 . 4 0 and u n d er $ 2. 50 $ $ $ $ $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. ............. 60 70 8 0 ____________ 9 0 ____________ 0 0 ____________ N ew a rk N ew H a rt W o r and B o s to n B u ffa lo Y ork fo r d c e s te r J ersey C ity C ity _ 5. 8 0 .4 1. 2 2 .9 1 .4 - - - - 3 5 0 8 9 .6 2. 0 8 .9 6. 1 2 2. 9 2. 9 1 1 .4 30. 0 1 1 .4 2 0. 0 3. 5 3. 5 8. 8 23. 7 0. 5. 6. 6. 8. 6 1 1 .4 _ 21. 1 28. 1 2 .6 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under u n d er u n d er u n d er under $ $ $ $ $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. $ 3. 00 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 3. 10____________ 3. 2 0 _______ ___ 3. 30------------------3 .4 0 ------------------3. 50_ -------- 7 .4 1 .7 18. 2 2. 5 19. 0 19. 1 2 .4 6. 9 14. 2 1. 6 $ 3. 50 $ 3. 60 $ 3. 70 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3. 90 and and and and and under under under u n d er under $ 3. 6 0 ____________ $ 3. 7 0 _____ _____ $ 3 .8 0 ____________ $ 3. 9 0 _____ _____ $ 4 . 00__ ___ ___ 4. 1 _ .8 - $ 4 .0 0 and o v e r _____________________ 3. 2. 19. 5. 9. P h ila d elp h ia - 6 1 3 3 P itts b u rg h B a lt i m ore M inne C le v e M il a p o l is — D e t r o it D a lla s H ou s ton C h ic a g o la n d w au k ee St. P a u l 1 .4 4. 3 1 7 .4 - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ 14. 7 8. 8 - 5 .9 7 .8 1 1 .8 1 1 .8 1 1 .8 2. 2. 11. 13. 5. 9 9 6 0 8 _ 6. 2 2. 1 _ 0 .4 2. 7 1 .8 5. 0 _ 10. 2 11. 2 _ 9 .8 25. 5 7. 8 7. 8 36. 2 1 .4 15. 5 27. 8 48. 5 - - - - - “ 8 0 0 5 0 - - _ 3. 6 - _ 2. 5 .5 .8 _ 0 .6 3. 1 6 .8 _ - _ 2. 8 8. 3 25. 0 _ 0. 3 .9 4. 2 _ - 5. 1 9 .6 7. 1 28. 9 10. 7 1. 7 5. 9 14. 1 4. 0 5 .4 9. 3 8. 7 10. 1 2 8 .6 1 2 .4 3 6 .0 21. 1 18. 0 - 2 .4 . 5 6. 2 38. 9 _ _ - 7. 6 2. 0 4. 1 . 5 - 28. 2 26. 7 11. 1 3 .4 1. 5 5. 8. 16. 3. . _ _ - - 6. 2 2 9 .4 1 0 .4 2 .4 1. 9 - - 1 .4 - 2 1 .9 9 .7 4. 1 5 .4 9 .2 7. 0 - 13. 2 - - 2 .9 - - - - 9 .9 26. 3 6. 2 4 .4 2. 0 _ _ _ 1. 1 3. 0 - - - 13. 6 _ - _ - 8. 8 - 4. 3 2 3 .4 - - - - - - - 2. 7 13. 2 .5 .8 5. 1 _ _ . _ _ _ .5 5. 9 - _ San F ra n cis c o O ak la nd - 8 1 3 7 8 - Los A n g e le s L ong B ea ch 0. 5 16. 9. 6. 35. 2. 19. 1 38. 2 D enver - 1 .4 2. 7 1 .4 2 1 .4 4. 3. 6. 13. 13. St. L o u is " 0. 7 2. 1 3. 5 5 .6 10. 5 20. 3 6. 9 13. 1 7 .4 6. 3 F a r W e st M id d le W e st South - - 2 2 1 0 8 .8 1 .9 - - 41. 7 22. 2 - - 3. 6. 46. 21. 16. 0 0 1 1 3 2. 1 - _ _ 84. 5 7. 7 7. 1 .6 _________ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ------------------------A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1________ 121 $ 3 . 05 70 493 $ 3 . 09 $ 2 . 84 114 $ 3 . 03 350 $ 3. 23 143 $ 3. 17 370 $3. 22 68 $ 3. 25 51 $ 2. 98 69 $ 2. 80 97 $ 3 . 15 563 $ 3 .4 4 197 $ 3 . 28 476 $ 3 . 52 367 $ 3 .4 3 161 $ 3 . 18 211 $ 3. 55 36 $ 3. 03 332 $ 3. 27 168 $ 3 .7 1 T o t a l ________ _____ 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u al 100. Table 6. Earnings Distribution: Machine-Tool Operators, Production, Class A ( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f m e n w o r k e r s by s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 in m a c h in e r y m a n u fa c t u r in g , 21 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , M a r c h —M a y 1963) M id d le A tla n tic N ew E n gland A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 B o s to n H a rt fo r d N ew a rk N ew W or and B u ffa lo Y ork cester Jersey C ity C ity South P h il a d e lp h ia 0. 5 0 .8 0. 7 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 10 ________ _ 20_ __ __ __ 30__ _ ---------40 — — ______ 50. _ .7 1. 1 5 .4 7. 8 1 1 .8 . 1 1. 5 1. 0 1 .6 5. 7 2. 1. 3. 4. 8. 7 5 2 5 6 1. 2. . . 3. 3 6 8 7 7 _ _ _ 0. 1 . 1 1 .6 5. 8 0. 1 2. 1 .7 1 .9 $ 2. 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2. 80 $ 2. 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 6 0 _____________ 70 ___ ______ 8 0 _____________ 9 0 _____________ 0 0 _____________ 1 1 .3 17. 2 9 .4 8. 0 3. 7 10. 22. 16. 6. 7. 3 1 3 3 2 7. 11. 12. 15. 26. 8 1 0 1 3 1 4 .4 6. 1 1 1 .4 6 .2 8. 1 10. 12. 18. 7. 16. $ $ $ $ $ 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 10_____________ 20_ _ 30-------------------4 0 _____________ 50_____________ 3. 5 2. 2 5. 5 1 .8 1. 8 8 .4 3. 5 7. 3 2. 1 2. 0 2 .6 7. 3 4. 7 1. 3 .3 11. 1 3 .4 2. 2 1. 1 " $ $ $ $ $ 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $4. 6 0 _____________ 70 ___ ___ 8 0 _____________ 90 ____ 00 __ _ 1. 2 1. 8 1. 1 2. 2 .9 2 .4 1 .4 .7 .7 - . 1 . 1 . 1 .2 - - 1. 5 .9 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1, 581 $ 2 . 77 1 ,3 6 1 $ 2. 86 783 $ 2. 70 . 857 $ 2. 80 1 ,9 1 2 $2. 89 $ $ $ $ $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. $ 4 . 00 and o v e r T ota l ___ ___ _ N u m ber o f w o r k e r s .. — A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s __________ ___ -------- — __ _ 7. 13. 12. 15. 11. 7 2 3 3 8 0. 1 .4 5 .4 4 .9 _ 0. 1 .7 _ 5. 1 .6 3. 3 0. 7 2. 3 1 2 .8 11. 7 1 9 .7 _ . 5 . 5 . 5 (2 ) 0. 1 . 1 .3 _ 0. 1 .8 9 7 3 0 7 -4 .8 8. 3 23. 5 19. 7 7. 7 1 .9 4. 5 2 3 .4 1 2 .9 10. 3 9 .0 2 5 .9 18. 3 11. 6 4. 8 21. 0 17. 0 10. 2 3. 9 " 1. 2 6. 3 3 9 .3 10. 5 2 6. 7 4. 2 7. 5 7 .4 9 .9 8 .6 1. 9 7. 2 25. 7 12. 0 1 6 .4 11. 5 2 8. 0 2. 6 1. 5 1 .9 1 1 .7 8. 1 4. 1 2. 5 . 5 5. 1 7. 5 1 .8 3. 1 1. 1 5. 7 14. 2 2. 1 5 .7 3 .8 1. 0 1. 5 .6 2 .9 2. 2 . 1 .6 - 10. 1 1. 6 1. 7 .4 .3 10. 2 11. 6 10. 7 2 2 .4 3. 5 .8 . 1 1 .4 1 .2 .9 .8 . .7 2. 1 3 .0 2. 2 4 .4 1. 0 3. 0 1. 1 1 .9 2 .4 1 .2 _ .2 - - - . 1 1 .4 1 .9 3 .6 - - 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 ,4 9 3 $ 2 .8 5 2, 7 f6 $ 2 . 87 1 ,6 5 5 $ 3 . 07 723 $ 2. 88 695 $ 2 .4 9 . 1 - - .8 . 5 .4 .3 .- 1 - - - . 5 . - - 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 L e s s th a n 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not e q u a l 100. F a r W est San Los F ra n M inne St. A n g e le s - P o r t B a lt i M il C le v e c is c o a p o lis — D enver D e t r o it D a lla s H ou s ton C h ic a g o land L o u is L on g w au k ee m ore la nd O ak St. P a u l B ea ch land 0. 1 0. 2 00 10 20 30 40 U n d er $ 2. 0 0 ................................................ P it t s b u rg h M id d le W e s t _ _ 0. 2 _ 0 .4 .9 _ 0. 2 2. 6 3. 8 _ 0. 3 2. 0 _ 0 .4 (2) 0. 2 . 5 0 0 1 8 5 1 .9 5. 0 12. 7 9. 0 7. 5 10. 8 11. 6 17. 7 28. 5 9 .4 . 5 1. 5 3. 1 2. 0 4 .9 8. 8 3. 5 4 .9 48. 8 2. 5 7. 5 7. 3 4. 2 3 .4 2. 7 14. 2 5 .8 11. 0 9. 5 12. 2 8. 3 10. 1 13. 1 15. 0 5 .4 4. 8 3. 8 2. 2 1 .9 2. 3 1 2 .4 1 6 .4 4. 3 4 .8 5. 1 2. 5 1 .8 2. 5 1. 8 3 .9 1 .4 1. 2 .4 .2 . 1 2. 0 1. 7 2. 0 1 .4 1. 5 1 3 .2 4. 7 5. 6 3. 6 . 5 3. 2. . 1. . .3 - 6 .0 7 .9 10. 5 8. 0 2. 2 2. 3. 3. 2. 2. .3 2. 1 5. 1 2. 3 - 8. 0 4. 2 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1, 302 $ 2 . 85 6 ,9 7 9 $ 3 . 07 4 , 038 $ 3 . 00 4 ,9 3 8 $ 3 . 34 2, 084 $ 3 . 13 1 ,0 9 4 $ 2 . 80 647 $ 3 .4 1 283 $ 3 . 03 5, 317 $ 3. 04 557 1 ,0 9 9 $3. 11 $ 3. 31 1. 1. 4. 2. 5. 1 2 9 5 7 - 5 2 5 5 8 _ " _ - 1. 0 4 .2 1 2 .9 1 1 .6 9. 9 _ 1. 6 1. 6 5. 5 .9 13. 5 2 4. 0 6. 5 4 .6 5. 5 1. 6 85. 3 9. 9 - 2 .9 11. 1 48. 0 9 .2 8. 0 (2) 0 2. 8 1 .2 .9 .2 .2 - - _ - 5. 5 - - 5 .9 3. 0 - - - Table 7. Earnings Distribution: Machine-Tool Operators, Production, Class B ( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f m e n w o r k e r s b y s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 in m a c h in e r y m a n u fa c t u r in g , 21 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , M a rc h —M a y 1963) A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 U n d er $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .7 0 __________________________ and u n d e r $ 1. 8 0 _____________ and u n d e r $ 1 . 0 0 and u n d e r $ 2. 00 $ $ $ $ $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and u n d er under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3 .4 0 $ $ $ $ 3. 3. 3. 3. 50 60 70 80 N ew a rk N ew H a rt W o r and Y ork B u ffa lo B o s to n Jersey fo r d ce s te r C ity C ity 1 2 1 3 0. 3 .7 1. 9 1 .6 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 _______ _ $ 2. 40__ __ ______ $ 2. 50_____________ 7 .4 1 0 .4 14. 9 2 1. 9 1 4 .4 2 .9 4. 3 4. 0 7. 5 12. 8 under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 1 1 .9 2. 9 3. 0 1 .6 .6 9. 7. 9. 10. 11. and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 .1 0 $ 3. 20__ $ 3. 30 $ 3 .4 0 _ $ 3. 50 ----- -----_________ _____ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4. 2 .2 .8 . 5 .4 6. 8 4 .4 2. 6 1 .0 .4 and and and and under under under over $ 3. 6 0 _____________ ___ _ $ 3. 70 $ 3. 80_ __ ______ __ ________ ______ .4 .2 - .1 .1 . 5 . 5 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 6 0 _____________ 70_____________ 80 _______ — 9 0 _____________ 00_____________ 0. . 1. 2. 2 3 5 3 8 0. 2 3. 3 2. 5. 13. 19. 17. 0 7 5 2 7 9 .0 8. 5 7 .4 5. 5 1. 3 1. . 2. . . 5 9 0 7 9 1. . . . 7 1 1 1 0. 2 .2 11. 1 .9 5 .4 2 4. 1 12. 6 10. 5 25. 3 19. 0 1 2 .8 2. 1 2. 1 10. 1 7 .4 14. 1 9 .4 10. 2 16. 1 16. 1 2 5 .4 14. 2 3 .6 4 .2 5 .4 9. 1 6. 3 2. 3 5 .4 3. 2 2. 2 1 .8 1. 3 2 .9 .7 3. 0 .5 .7 1 .4 3. 7 2 .6 .9 .7 1 .9 2. 3 1. 7 6. 5 1. 8 .4 .4 2. 7 . 5 .2 - 2 8 0 1 3. 0 2 .9 7 .4 8. 5 5. 2 6 .2 3 .8 9. 9 13. 0 13. 5 .7 1 .6 4 .8 3 .7 9 .4 1 3 .4 7 .4 7 .4 11. 1 4. 9 5. 7 4. 6 6 .6 5. 2 19. 8 16. 3 6 .6 8. 3 4. 1 1 .2 1. . . . . 14. 2 16. 0 .3 - 11. 2 . 1 - _ 0 7 7 2 3 _ .2 _ - - _ - - B a lt i C le v e M i l D e t r o it D a lla s H ou ston C h ic a g o w au k ee la nd m ore 1 .3 3. 8 9. 7 17. 6 1. 0 1 .8 3. 1 1. . 1. 44. P itts b u rg h 2. 7 2. 3 3 .7 - 0. 1 .4 1. 5 4 .4 .2 .2 .4 - P h ila d elp h ia - _ - 6 .2 - _ F a r W e st M id d le W e st South M id d le A tla n tic N ew E n g la n d 0 .9 .2 - - " - “ _ 9 5 0 6 1. 0 1. 1 4. 0 4 .4 9 .6 0. 3 . 1 .9 2 .4 1 3 .4 0 .4 .6 1. 0 1. 5 5. 1 2 2 .9 1 7 .9 15. 1 16. 0 2. 8 14. 0 1 4 .4 14. 6 11. 0 10. 9 1 1 .9 19. 0 16. 5 6 .4 6. 8 . 3. 5. 10. San L os F ra n M inne A n g e le s - P o r t St. D enver cis c o a p o lis — L ong la nd L o u is O ak St. P a u l B e a ch la nd 1 .2 11. 0 1 0 .4 9. 5 16. 5 0. 8 3. 2 2. 7 5. 3 15. 1 2 2 .4 7. 1 10. 3 6. 7 18. 8 1 7 .9 1 .7 .9 2 2 .6 15. 5 5. 3 3. 1 2 .9 1 2 .9 1 7 .7 18. 5 35. 5 11. 3 2. 7 2. 7 1 0 .4 2 4. 5 44. 5 2. 0 4 .6 2 .4 .8 .2 " .6 .4 1 .2 4. 0 - 2. 2 .9 1 1 .0 3. 3 2 0. 2 .4 2 .6 2. 8 7. 3 8 .9 5. 5 6. 5 1 8 .4 2 2 .7 14. 1 14. 0 9. 1 10. 9 9 .3 5. 5 31. 6 16. 2 5. 5 5 .8 1. 8 8 3 0 8 0 12. 3 7. 3 3. 7 .8 - 7 .4 8 .6 7. 1 4. 3 2. 1 . . . . . _ .2 - . 2 .1 .1 .2 1. 2. 1. 4. 9 1 7 7 - - 1 .6 1 .2 .4 1. 1 - - 3 .4 10. 3 3 .4 4. 3 36. 8 0. 5 1. 0 7 .6 8 .4 2. 3. 2. 1. 2. - - 2. 6 6 .6 3 .6 2. 1 1. 5 .9 1. 1. . . . “ 0. 2 7 3 6 2 2 - “ 0. 1 - - 7 3 1 1 1 - - 3. 2 3 .7 .3 - - - - - - 2. 0 . 1 ~ - _____ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 ioo. o N u m ber o f w o rk e rs _____ A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1--------- 854 $ 2 .3 9 1, 761 458 $ 2 . 64 $ 2 .4 9 597 $ 2. 54 1, 346 $ 2. 74 1, 130 $ 2 .4 7 1 ,3 7 9 $2. 85 558 $ 2 . 76 427 $ 2 .4 6 289 $ 2 . 06 463 $ 2 . 63 2, 820 $ 2 . 71 1 ,5 6 0 $ 2 . 83 3, 946 $ 2 . 83 1, 576 $ 2 .8 4 674 $ 2 . 52 504 $ 2 . 75 117 $ 2 .4 4 1 ,2 7 6 $ 2 .4 8 124 $ 2 .7 3 375 $ 2 . 83 T ota l ___ _____ 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u a l 100, Table 8. Earnings Distribution: Machine-Tool Operators, Production, Class C (P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f m e n w o r k e r s by s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 in m a c h in e r y m a n u fa c tu r in g , N ew England A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 B o s to n $ 1. 20 and u n d e r $ 1. 3 0 --------------------$ 1. 30 and u n d e r $ 1. 4 0 --------------------$ 1. 40 and u n d e r $ 1. 5 0 — ----------------- H a rt fo r d M id d le A tla n tic W or B u ffa lo cester N e w a rk and J ersey C ity N ew Y ork C ity _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 0 .6 .3 . 6 .0 3 .6 1 2 .0 4. 8 _ _ _ _ _ 8. 3 4. 3 2. 3 4. 1 10. 7 20. 5 8. 1 5 .0 2. 7 12. 0 13. 7 1 1 .7 1 .6 South P it t s b u rg h M il w au k ee St. D enver L o u is L os A n g e le s L on g B e a ch Sian F ra n cis c o O ak la nd _ _ - - - - 9 .0 13. 5 - - - - 0. 3 7 2 2 5 3 20. 7 9. 5 20. 7 1 9 .9 7. 5 2 .0 2 .5 2 .5 2 .5 0. 1 6. 1 9 .0 4. 5 1 3 .9 _ 1. 5 1. 8 _ 2. 3 1. 8 _ 0 .4 3 .6 6 .8 _ 4. 5 12. 8 3. 3 6. 5 _ 1 .7 _ 2 .9 - .3 .3 1 .4 .9 - 4. 2 _ 8. 5 14. 1 8 .5 16. 2 11. 3 10. 7 4 .9 6. 1 . 8 - 7 .6 1 9 .2 1 9 .2 1 6 .7 17. 2 13. 2 4 .9 1 2 .7 7 .7 5. 8 6. 2 2 .0 10. 5 1 1 .4 39. 1 2. 0 4. 4 7 .9 9 .6 4 .0 1 .8 6 .4 7. 1 8 .9 7. 1 10. 3 10. 3 13. 5 1 4 .5 1. 0 17. 2 5 .6 1 3 .9 2 8 .9 1 1 .7 8 .6 2 .9 34. 3 3 1 .4 1 6 .4 11. 5 42. 5 18. 1 7 .8 .9 . 1 . 3 7. 1 2 3 .9 18. 3 - 2 .4 .9 1. 5 1. 8 .9 2 .0 2. 5 2. 0 .5 1 .0 11. 2 1 .9 3. 7 2. 8 .6 12. 8 9 .2 3 .9 .2 " 5 .9 9 .2 1 0 .6 8. 2 2 6. 7 1 0 .4 6 .8 6. 1 6 .8 4 .6 .8 - 2 .8 .6 2. 2 3 .9 1. 1 20. 0 - . i . 1 . 1 - 2 2 .5 - .3 - .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .7 . 1 .6 .3 . 1 .2 .6 .4 - 6 .6 .8 " 6. 1 3. 2 7. 1 3 .9 1 .8 " _ _ _ _ 2 .8 .6 1 .7 " - - - " . 1 .4 _ 1. 1 _ 5 .6 _ _ _ _ 6 0 ----- - - — — 7 0 --------------------8 0 --------------------9 0 --------------------00 -------- __ — 5. 11. 23. 15. 8 3 3 3 _ 0. 8 2 .6 2 .6 $ $ $ $ $ 2. 00 2 .1 0 2 . 20 2. 30 2. 40 and and and and and under under under under tin d er $ $ $ $ $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 10______________ 2 0 --------------------3 0 --------------------40 — — — — 5 0 ---------------------- 2 3 .9 9 .2 .9 3 .4 1. 2 1. 4 4 .4 8 .4 2 .4 2. 9 14. 5 24. 1 18. 1 3 .6 3 .6 1. 21. 23. 13. 12. 7 7 3 3 5 14. 8 14. 5 8. 5 1 3 .0 12. 8 $ $ $ $ $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 6 0 --------------------70 -------- — — 8 0 --------------------9 0 --------------------0 0 --------------------- .3 2. 5 1. 5 . 3 - 4 .6 39. 5 8. 7 4. 5 3 .7 3 .6 1. 2 1 .2 3 .6 8. 10. 3. 5. 3 8 3 0 1. 3. 7. 5. 4. $ $ $ $ $ 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and an d under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 10 -------- -------2 0 --------------------3 0 --------------------4 0 ---------- -------50 ------------- — _ _ _ _ .3 3. 8 4 .8 2. 3 1 .9 .4 _ - ------------------- .6 . 1 T o t a l ____________________________ 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s - — -------- — — A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1----- — — 326 $ 1 .9 8 1, 035 $ 2 .6 2 83 $ 2 . 12 120 $ 2 . 38 399 $ 2 . 28 701 $ 2 .0 4 71 $ 2 . 59 - 3. 1. 5. 9. 11. - _ - _ _ - “ .6 - - _ 4. 8 6 .2 “ 3 7 .0 4 3 .3 8 .7 - _ - _ - “ - - " - - - _ _ _ . 1 _ _ _ _ 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 328 $ 2 .0 2 241 $ 1 .6 4 198 $ 2 . 27 1, 350 $ 2 . 18 545 $ 2 .4 2 1, 033 $ 2 . 64 280 $ 2 . 61 399 $ 1 .9 2 180 $ 2 .4 3 35 $ 2 . 31 348 $ 2 . 21 208 $ 2 . 58 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . B e c a u s e o f ro u n d ip g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u a l 100. C le v e D e t r o it la nd _ 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. NOTE: C h ic a g o - $ $ $ $ $ $ 3. 50 and o v e r ------------- H ou s ton _ under under under under under - 1. 2 7. 3 3. 7 D a lla s M in n e a p o l is — St. P a u l - - and and and and and 5 3 8 0 0 B a lt i m ore F a r W est M id d le s W e st 7. 1 1 3 .7 - $ 1. 50 $ 1. 60 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1. 80 $ 1. 90 - 19 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , M a r c h —M a y 1963) - Table 9. Earnings Distribution: Assemblers, Class B On ( P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f m e n w o r k e r s b y s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 in m a c h in e r y m a n u fa c t u r in g , 21 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , M a r c h —M a y 1963) M id d le A tla n tic N ew E n g la n d A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s $ 1 . 4 0 and u n d e r $ 1 . $ 1. 50 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1. 80 $ 1 .9 0 50 1 N ew a rk N ew H a rt W o r and B o s to n B u ffa lo Y ork fo r d c e s te r Jersey C ity C ity _ _ - 0. 6 . 2 7 .4 - - - - - 2. 7 4. 0 2. 7 $ 1 . 60 $ 1. 7 0 _____________ $ 1 . fiO._ .... ... $ 1. 90 $ 2. 00 .. .... 1. 5 2. 1 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .1 0 $ 2. 20 __ __ __ $ 2. 30 . $ 2. 4 0 _______________ $ 2. 50 _______________ 2. 6 3. 9 6 .4 2 3 .9 3 2. 1 $ 2. 50 and u n d e r $ 2. 6 0 _______________ $ 2. 60 and u n d e r $ 2. 7 0 _______________ $ 2 . 7 0 and u n d e r $ 2. 80 _____ __ $ 2. 80 and u n d e r $ 2. 90 ___ __ _ $ 2. 90 and u n d e r $ 3. 0 0 _______________ 9 .0 3 .6 2. 6 2. 6 2. 1 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3. 10 ___ __ __ $ 3. 20 ___________ $ 3. 30 _____________ $ 3. 4 0 _______ $ 3. 50 _______________ 1. 3 .8 1. 5 . 3 . 8 $ 3. 50 and u n d e r $ 3. 60 _ _ $ 3. 60 and u n d e r $ 3. 7 0 _______________ . 3 . 3 ___ ______ _________ __ ______ . 5 1 .8 .3 - _ _ 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3. 70 and u n d e r $ 3. 80 $ 3. 80 and u n d e r $ 3. 90 $ 3. 90 and u n d e r $ 4 . 00 B a lt i m ore 1. 0 _ under under under under under 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. P h ila P itts d elp h ia b u rg h . and and and and and $ $ $ $ $ South $ 4 . 00 and o v e r ______________________ - . 6 18. 1 9 .2 2 9. 8 13. 6 4. 6. 4. 1. 1. 8 1 0 9 1 0. 5 4, 8. 6. 15. 20. 8 5 3 3 6 17. 5 1 5 .9 9 .0 1. 1 . 5 _ - . 7 .4 .4 . 5 .6 - _ . 1 _ . _ _ 3. 8 - 5. 9 2 9 .6 18. 7. 22. 10. 3 0 6 8 - 1. 1 . 5 - . 2 _ _ 4. 1 1 .4 1. 0 1. 0 - - 1. 6 34. 5 1. 5 16. 7 4 .4 4. 5 4. 7 16. 8 7. 1 9 .6 5. 3 5. 1 6 .8 14. 3 12. 3 1. 2. 10. 5. 5. 19. 7. 1. 4. 7 7 7 2 8 0 0 7 3 2 .4 4. 3 .6 - _ 7 8 9 8 7 _ _ _ - _ - 4. 1 . 8 _ 2. 5 15. 1 1 2 .4 9. 1 6. 2 2 .9 6 .2 2 2. 0 1 7 .9 2 .9 . 2 . 7 15. 6 . 5 1 2 .6 2 7. 1 2. 5 10. 1 31. 2 1. 8 6 .4 5. 5 1 .7 1. 7 . 8 . 8 - - . 2 - . 2 . 2 . 2 . 5 4. 5 3. 5 12. 1 - 1 .8 .9 1. 8 1 .8 .9 . 8 . 8 - . 8 - .8 - - - . 5 - _ - - 3 .4 . 8 . 2 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - " - _ _ _ . 5 1. 8 .9 3. 12. 14. 5. 15. 2 .8 4 .6 2. 8 2. 8 21. 1 - F a r W est San L os F ra n M inne C le v e St. A n g e le s - P o r t M i l D a lla s H ou s ton C h ic a g o D e t r o it c is c o — a p o l is — D enver la n d L o u is L ong land w au k ee St. P a u l O ak B ea ch la n d , 2 .9 0 3 2 3 5 1. 1. 2. 1. 13. M id d le W e st - _ 8. 1 2 .4 2 9 .3 7. 3 8. 1 2 4 .4 14. 6 - _ _ - - - 1 .9 2. 0 4 .4 5. 6 10. 3 0. 8 .8 .8 9 .6 1. 7 _ _ 0. 9 9 .4 2. 8 3. 7 5. 9 17. 4 20. 1 5. 7 1 2 .4 15. 8 24. 3 9. 8 3 .9 4. 1 5. 3 4. 8 .4 . 1 . 1 1. 8 1. 3 2 .4 1 .4 1 .7 15. 0 6. 3 0 _ - 4. 0 - - - - “ .2 .5 .7 - - " - - 5. 6 1. 2 2. 1 2. 7 2 .4 . .7 _ _ _ _ - 5. 8 - . 2. 6 .9 _ - . 9 - _ _ (2 ) - . _ 0. 8 . 2 1. 5 _ - _ _ _ _ - - - 1. 1 4. 0 - - - 3. 8 4. 0 10. 3 17. 9 2 2 .6 1 .8 15. 5 3. 0 1 1 .4 . 9 1 1 .4 6 .6 1 4 .4 10. 0 5. 0 1 1 .7 6. 7 16. 7 5. 14. 11. 12. 11. 6 .6 16. 2 3. 8 5. 0 5. 5 2 0 .6 3. 1 2. 5 3. 0 1 .6 12. 1 3 .6 1 .2 2. 2 3. 8 46. 7 3. 3 11. 5 15. 2 3. 0 3 .2 5. 5 5. 2 6. 0 2 6. 0 .6 2. 0 2. 7 1 .4 . 7 .4 . 2 3. 7. 4. 8. 3. . 2 . 1 _ " .4 1 .0 .3 1. 1 1. 8 5. 5 - - .4 _ 4. 8 45. 5 . 7 10. 8 - - - - - 3 6 7 1 1 . 1 _ - - 0 2 2 5 6 _ _ - 6. 7 - - _ 39. 8 6. 1 44. 9 9 .2 - _ - 5. 3 9. 3 78. 7 _ - 2. 0 _ _ - - - - - - - - “ - _ _ . _ - - " - - _ - - ____ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 lOO.'O 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ----- -----------A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1_________ 389 $ 2 .4 8 847 189 $ 2 . 36 $ 2 .4 6 186 $ 2. 59 892 $ 2 .3 9 594 $ 2. 34 414 $ 2 .4 3 199 $ 2 . 82 109 $ 2 . 59 242 $ 1 . 99 123 $ 2 .4 4 2, 030 $ 2. 65 764 $ 2 .9 1 1, 283 $ 2 . 78 928 $ 2 . 91 1, 241 $ 2 . 37 578 $ 2. 70 60 $ 2 .4 3 758 $ 2 .4 1 98 $ 2. 80 150 $ 2 .8 4 T o t a l ____ ____ ______ 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l 100. Table 10. Earnings Distribution: Laborers, Material Handling ( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f m en w o r k e r s by s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 in m a c h in e r y m a n u fa c tu r in g , N ew E ngland A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 B o s to n $1.20 and u n d e r $ 1 .3 0 __ _____ __ $1.30 and u n d e r $ 1.4 0 $1.40 and u n d e r $ 1 .5 0 _______________ H a r t fo r d M id d le A tla n tic W or B u ffa lo cester " - 1.2 .4 4.6 7 .0 2 3.6 5.2 5.8 3.1 11.5 7.3 2.2 .9 4.8 3.9 1.9 19.3 7.2 14.9 1.7 4 .7 5.2 2 3.0 4.7 1.0 7.0 1 0.4 - 1.0 15.7 1.6 .5 4.8 - _ - _ - _ - - “ - $ 1 .6 0 _______________ $ 1 .7 0 _______________ $ 1 .8 0 _______________ $1.9 0 __ _________ $2.0 0 __ __ __ __ 1.2 3.6 8.4 13.7 _ 0.3 3.4 15.8 16.4 _ 15.7 21.7 $2.00 $2.10 $ 2.20 $ 2.30 $ 2.40 and and and and and under u n d er under under u n d er $ 2 .1 0 _______________ $ 2 .2 0 __ __ __ __ $2.3 0 _____ ______ $2.4 0 $ 2.50 15.3 12.4 13.7 27.7 4 .0 2 9.4 10.8 .9 11.5 5.0 15.7 15.7 14.5 8.4 2.4 $2.50 $ 2.60 $ 2.70 $ 2.80 $ 2.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2.60 $ 2.70 $ 2 .8 0 _______________ $ 2 .9 0 _______________ $3.0 0 , ............. _ _ - 6.2 .3 - 1.2 _ - - - - $3.0 0 $3.1 0 $ 3.20 $3.3 0 and and and and u n d e r $ 3 .1 0 _______________ u n d e r $ 3 .2 0 _______________ u n d er $ 3 .3 0 _______________ over _ __ _ - _ - 1 _ - 0.8 - _ _ 1.4 36.5 25.7 36.5 _ - B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , D a lla s H ou ston C h ica g o C le v e D e t r o it la nd 13.7 17.7 8.9 4.1 10.2 _ 0.6 11.3 12.1 2 1.0 7.3 6 .5 _ 2 3.6 5.7 .8 7.7 0.9 1.9 8.0 2 3.2 7.3 .9 3.5 13.1 6 9.9 - _ 7.5 30.6 15.6 28.1 1.6 _ _ 11.4 6.5 7.3 13.0 2.0 2.5 10.4 4 .2 4 .4 13.9 2.2 5.0 14.7 4 2 .5 13.1 2 .4 4.7 2.9 9 .3 .9 _ - 2.5 _ 11.3 21.3 1.8 .1 3.4 9.4 6.6 1.3 .3 3 8.7 13.7 19.0 4.1 4 .4 .3 .6 .3 .3 .9 - - _ - " - 2.4 .4 4.5 .4 _ - 2.5 1.3 - _ - _ - - _ - - - - - _ - _ - M il w a u k ee F a r W est M in n e a p o lis — St. P a u l St. L o u is P o rt land - - - - - _ - 1.9 1.9 - _ 0.3 3.8 1.2 _ _ 1.4 7 .8 _ 22.1 2 .0 1.0 5.1 18.4 26.1 14.4 9.7 2.3 4 3 .4 20.8 11.1 13.9 3 5.7 10.4 14.8 2.9 4 .5 7.0 13.2 5 .9 14.8 _ _ 6.3 _ _ 21.3 4.1 26.1 .8 - 5.6 1.8 - 3.1 5.3 22.1 _ 37.5 6.3 50.0 _ 4 9 .2 4 .9 24.6 _ - - 8 .4 2.3 .6 _ - _ - .3 1.2 .3 - - - - - S&n F ra n c is c o — O ak land - - - Los A n g e le s L on g B e a ch - _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ - - _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 JOO.O 100.0 100.0 100.0 249 $2.14 323 $2.09 83 $2.14 74 $2.36 483 $2.16 191 $2.08 229 $2.25 160 $2.41 124 $1.56 246 $1.93 1, 471 $2.15 320 $ 2.42 680 $2.60 777 $ 2.38 341 $2.27 345 $2.23 357 $2.29 32 $2.66 61 $2.59 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , NOTE: P it t s b u rg h - - under under under under under __ __ _____ P h il a d e lp h ia - - and and and and and T o t a l ___ New Y ork C ity M id d le W e st South 1.0 .5 7.9 - $ 1.50 $ 1.60 $ 1.70 $ 1.80 $ 1.90 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s __________________ A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 __________ N e w a rk and J ersey C ity 19 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , M a r c h -M a y 1963) h o lid a y s , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n ot e q u a l 100. and la te sh ifts . Appendix A: Scope and Method of Survey Scope of Survey The survey included establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing machinery, except electrical (major group 35 as defined in the 1957 edition of the Standard Industiral Classification Manual, prepared by the U.S. Bureau of the Budget). This major group includes establishments engaged in manufacturing machinery and equipment, other than electrical equipment (major group 36) and transportation equipment (major group 37). Machines powered by built-in or detachable motors ordinarily are included in major group 35, with the excep tion of electrical household appliances (major group 36). Portable tools, both electric and pneumatic powered, are included in major group 35, but handtools are classified in major group 34. Central offices of the firms studied were excluded. The study covered establishments with 20 or more workers at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists. Also included were establishments which em ployed 8 to 19 workers and which primarily manufactured special dies and tools, die sets, jigs and fixtures, or machine-tool accessories and measuring devices (industries 3544 and 3545). The number of establishments and workers actually studied by the Bureau, as well as the number estimated to be in the industry during the payroll period studied, are shown in the following table: Estimated number of establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied, machinery industries, 21 areas, March-May 19631 2 Number of establishments^ Area1 New England: Boston----------------------------------------------------------Hartford-------------------------------------------------------Worcester-----------------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic: Buffalo--------- -----------------------------------------------Newark and Jersey C ity---------------------------------New York C ity ---------------------------------------------Philadelphia------------------------------------------------Pittsburgh-----------------------------------------------------South: Baltimore-----------------------------------------------------Dallas----------------------------------------------------------Houston-------------------------------------------------------Middle West: Chicago-------------------------------------------------------Cleveland----------------------------------------------------Detroit---------------------------------------------------------Milwaukee----------------------------------------------------Minneapolis—St. Paul------------------------------------St. Louis-------------------------------------------------------Far West: Denver---------------------------------------------------------Los Angeles-Long B each-------------------------------Portland-------------------------------------------------------San Francisco—Oakland---------------------------------- Payroll period Within scope of study Studied Workers in establishments Within scope of study Studied March M&y April 165 151 45 42 39 19 20,919 30,762 8,072 14,053 26,404 7,057 April April April May April 85 278 314 201 108 25 67 45 27 11,532 31,142 21,281 31,661 14,432 7,262 18,443 11,555 22,185 10,214 50 68 89 20 27 29 8,806 8,873 14,908 7,196 5,897 11,454 May May May May May May 635 282 732 159 148 124 112 64 101 44 33 33 76,979 34,912 64,704 46,606 22,193 15,695 42,866 21,262 39,845 38,167 15,246 12,176 April April May April 29 546 33 119 16 74 15 26 3,516 43,775 3,598 10,641 2,749 17,686 2,634 6,604 4,361 912 525,007 340,955 May March March Total, 21 areas------------------------------------------ 54 1 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Budget, except Chicago (Cook County); Hartford (Hartford and New Britain Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, and Bristol, Conn.); New York City (the 5 boroughs); Newark and Jersey City (a combination of the 2 Standard MetropolitanStatistical Areas); Philadelphia (Philadelphia and Delaware Counties, P a ., and Camden County, N .J.); and Worcester (Worcester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, except Northbridge). 2 Includes only establishments manufacturing special dies and tools, die sets, jigs andfixtures, or machine-tool accessories and measuring devices which employed 8 or more workers and other machinery establishments with 20 or more workers at the time of reference of the unemployment insurance listings. 19 20 Method of Study Data were obtained from establishments surveyed the previous year, principally by mail but in some instances by personal visits of Bureau field economists under the direction of the Bureau's Assistant Regional Directors for Wages and Industrial Relations. The survey was conducted on a sample basis. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments were given their appropriate weight. All estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry group in the areas, excluding only those below the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data. Establishment Definition An establishment, for purposes of this study, is defined as a single physical loca tion where industrial operations are performed. An establishment is not necessarily identical with the company, which may consist of one or more establishments. Employment The estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The advance planning necessary to make a wage survey requires the use of lists of estab lishments assembled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied. Production Workers The term "production workers, 11 as used in this bulletin, includes working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers engaged in nonoffice functions. -Excluded were administrative, executive, professional, and technical personnel, and force-account construction employees utilized as a separate work force on the firm 's own properties. Occupations Selected for Study Occupational classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment and interarea variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix B for these job descriptions.) The occupations were chosen for their numerical importance, their usefulness in collective bargaining, or their representativeness of the entire job scale in the industry. Occupational Earnings* Earnings data for the selected jobs (tables 1—10) are shown for full-tim e workers, i.e ., those hired to work a full-tim e schedule for the given occupational classification. Working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, temporary, and pro bationary workers were not included. The wages represent average straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive payments, such as those resulting from piecework or production bonus systems and cost-of-living bonuses, were included as part of the workers' regular pay; but nonproduction bonus payments such as Christmas or yearend bonuses were excluded. The estimated average hourly earnings for each occupation were obtained by weighting each rate (or hourly earning) by the number of workers receiving the rate. Occupational employment estimates refer to the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not to the number actually surveyed. Because of the variation in occupational structure among establishments, estimates of occupational employment are sub ject to considerable fluctuation attributable to sampling. Hence, they serve only to indicate the relative numerical importance of the jobs studied. The fluctuations in employment do not materially affect the accuracy of the earnings data. 21 Wage Trends The machinery index series has been developed from data obtained in the Bureau's program of occupational wage surveys and is based on straight-time hourly earnings of men production workers in selected machinery occupations. The indexes for 1945, 1946, and 1947 are based on the category "m iscellaneous machinery" which consists.of all types of machinery manufacture except electrical machinery, machine tools, and machine-tool accessories. For 1949 and successive years, the infor mation includes machine tools and machine-tool accessories, as well as miscellaneous m a chinery. To minimize the effect of the shift in industrial coverage, the two sets of indexes were linked by applying the percent of change in the miscellaneous machinery group from 1947 to 1948 to the previous 1947 index. The 1948 index computed in this fashion is the published index. To compute the 1949 index, the percent change in all machinery from 1948 to 1949 was applied to the 1948 index. Since the 1959 survey was based on a revised definition of the machinery industries group, as provided in the 1957 edition of the SIC Manual, a linking procedure v/as necessary to minimize the effect on the index of the change in industry definition. This was done by computing the percent of change from 1958 to 1959 for those establishments included in both surveys. This percentage change was then applied to the 1958 index (computed on the basis of the previous industry definition) to obtain the index for 1959. Indexes were constructed for each area to minimize the effect of changes in occupa tional composition of the work force and in the relative importance in the industry of the areas studied. For each year in 2 successive years (1945—46, 1946—47, etc.), the average straight-time hourly earnings for each selected occupation were weighted by the number employed in that occupation during the latter of the 2 years. The result each year was an area aggregate for all selected jobs. The percentage relationship between the aggregates for the pair of years was computed and then linked to the index for the earlier of the 2 years. The resulting indexes based on 1945 were then converted to a 1947—49 base by dividing all the indexes by the average of the indexes for 1947—49. Beginning with 1962, indexes have been converted to a 1958—59 base. In 1952, the occupational coverage of the machinery industries survey was increased to include all machine-tool operators, classes A, B, and C (except operators of certain special machines). Coverage of machine-tool operators before 1952 was limited to singleand multiple-spindle d rill-p ress operators, engine-lathe operators, grinding-machine opera tors, and milling-machine operators. The indexes since 1952 have been computed on the basis of the broader occupational coverage indicated above. In addition, a system of con stant weights has been utilized (rather than weighting by the actual employment in an occupa tion during the latter of the 2 years); this minimizes the effect of changes in occupational composition of the work force. The constant weights for the indexes from 1953 through 1961 were based on an average of 1953 and 1954 employment; beginning with the 1962 index, the weights were based on an average for the years I960 and 1961. Definitions for production and toolroom machine-tool operators and tool and die makers were revised in I960. In computing the percent of change from 1959 to I960 in areas affected by the changes, the average earnings used for these jobs, for the purposes of this index, in both years were based on the earnings of workers classified in accordance with the revised definitions. In obtaining the composite index for all areas combined, the techniques followed were similar to those employed in determining area indexes. The technique used in computing the composite index for the earlier years, 1945—52, was as follows: For each year in a pair (1945—46, 1946—47, etc.), an overall aggregate for all areas combined was obtained. This aggregate was computed by weighting the overall average (aggregate earnings in selected jobs divided by the total employment in the selected jobs) for each area by total production worker employment in the industry and area in the second of the 2 years. From this point, the procedure was identical with that used in constructing individual area indexes for these years. For indexes since 1952, a system of constant area weights has been used, thereby eliminating the effect of changes in the relative importance in the industry of the area studied. For the years 1953 through 1961, the weights were based on average employment for the years 1953 and 1954; beginning with the 1962 index, the weights were based on averages for the years I960 and 1961. Appendix B: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-tim e, temporary, and probationary workers. ASSEMBLER (Bench assem bler; floor assem bler; jig assem bler; line assem bler; subassembler) Assem bles and/or fits together parts to form complete units or subassemblies at a bench, conveyor line, or on the floor, depending upon the size of the units and the organization of the production process. Work may include processing operations requiring the use of handtools in scraping, chipping, and filing of parts to obtain a desired fit as well as power tools and special equipment when punching, riveting, soldering, or welding of parts is necessary. Workers who perform any of these processing operations exclusively as part of specialized assembling operations are excluded. Class A. Assem bles parts into complete units or subassemblies that require fitting of parts and decisions regarding proper performance of any component part or the assembled unit. Work involves any combination of the following: Assembling from drawings, blueprints or other written specifications; assembling units composed of a variety of parts and/or subassemblies; assembling large units requiring careful fitting and adjusting of parts to obtain specified clearances; and using a variety of hand and powered tools and precision measuring instruments. Class B, Assem bles parts into units or subassemblies in accordance with standard and prescribed procedures. Work involves any combination of the following: Assembling a limited range of standard and familiar products composed of a number of sm all- or medium -size parts requiring some fitting or adjusting; assembling large units that require little or no fitting of component parts; working under conditions where accurate performance and completion of work within set time limits are essential for subsequent assembling operations; and using a limited variety of hand or powered tools. Class C. Perform s short-cycle, repetitive assembling operations. Work does not involve any fitting or making decisions regarding proper performance of the component parts or assembling procedures. AUTOMATIC-LATHE OPERATOR (Automatic-between-centers-lathe operator; automatic-chucking-machine automatic-turret-lathe operator) operator; Operates one or more lathes equipped with automatic feed mechanisms for actuating the cutting tools over the complete work cycle. Automatic lathes may differ as to type of construction (horizontal or vertical); number of spindles (single or multiple); method of feed (hand-feed, automatic-chucking, or hopper-feed); method of holding the work (in chucks or between centers); and method of presenting the tools to the stock in sequence (turrets, slide, revolving work stations). (For description of class of work, see machine-tool operator, production.) 23 24 DRILL-PRESS OPERATOR, RADIAL Operates one or more types of radial-drilling machines designed primarily for the purpose of drilling, reaming, countersinking, counterboring, spot-facing, or tapping holes in large or heavy metal parts. Several types of radial drills are in use, the most common type being designed so that the tool head and saddle are movable along a projecting arm which can be rotated about a vertical column and adjusted vertically on that column. (For description of class of work, see machine-tool operator, production.) DRILL-PRESS OPERATOR, SINGLE- OR MULTIPLE-SPINDLE Operates one or more types of single- or multiple-spindle d rill-p re sses, to perform such operations as drilling, reaming, countersinking, counterboring, spot-facing, and tapping. D rill-p ress operators, radial, and operators of portable drilling equipment are excluded. (For description of class of work, see machine-tool operator, production.) ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Perform s a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, m otors, heating units, conduit .system s, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layout or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician^ handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance elec trician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal appren ticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINE-LATHE OPERATOR Operates an engine lathe for shaping external and internal cylindrical surfaces of metal objects. The engine lathe, basically characterized by a headstock, tailstock, and power-fed tool carriage, is a general-purpose machine tool used primarily for turn ing. It is also commonly used in performing such operations as facing, boring, drilling and threading, and equipped with appropriate attachments, may be used for a very wide variety of special machining operations. The stock may be held in position by the lathe "ce n te rs" or by various types of chucks and fixtures. Bench-lathe operators, automaticlathe operators, screw-machine operators, automatic, and turret-lathe operators, hand (including hand screw machine) are excluded. (For description of class of work, see machinetool operators, production. ) GRINDING-MACHINE OPERATOR (Centerless-grinder operator; cylindrical-grinder operator; external-grinder opera tor; internal-grinder operator; surface-grinder operator; Universal-grinder operator) Operates one of several types of precision grinding machines to grind internal and external surfaces of metal parts to a smooth and even finish and to required dimensions. Precision grinding is used primarily as a finishing operation on previously machined parts, and consists of applying abrasive wheels, rotating at high speeds to the surfaces to be ground. In addition to the types of grinding machines indicated above, this classification includes operators of other production grinding machines such as: Single-purpose grinders (drill grinders, broach grinders, saw grinders, gear-cutter grinders, thread grinders, e tc .) and automatic and semiautomatic general purpose grinding machines. Operators of port able grinders are excluded. (For description of class of work, see machine-tool oper ator, production.) INSPECTOR Inspects parts, products, and/or processes. Performs such operations as examining parts or products for flaws and defects, checking their dimensions and appearance to de termine whether they meet the required standards and specifications. 25 INSPECTOR— Continued Class A, Responsible for decisions regarding the quality of the product and/or operations. Work involves any combination of the following: Thorough knowledge of the processing operations in the branch of work to which he is assigned, including the use of a variety of precision measuring instruments; interpreting drawings and speci fications in inspection work on units composed of a large number of component parts; examining a variety of products or processing operations; determining causes of flaws in products and/or processes and suggesting necessary changes to correct work methods; and devising inspection procedures for new products. Class B. Work involves any combination of the following: Knowledge of processing operations in the branch of work to which he is assigned, limited to familiar products and processes or where performance is dependent on past experience; performing in spection operations on products and/or processes having rigid specifications, but where the inspection procedures involve a sequence of inspection operations, including de cisions regarding proper fit or performance of some parts; and using precision m eas uring instruments. Class C, Work involves any combination of the following: Short-cycle, repetitive inspection operations; using a standardized, special-purpose measuring instrument repetitively; and visual examination of parts or products, rejecting units having obvious deformities or flaws. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties in volve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping, or scrubbing, polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; and providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restroom s. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) shelver; trucker; stockman or stock A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establish ment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by handtruck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships, are excluded. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, PRODUCTION Operates one or more nonportable, power-driven machine tools in order to shape metal by progressively removing portion of the stock in the form of chips or shavings, or by abrasion. For wage study purposes, this classification is limited to operators of the following types of machine tools: Automatic lathes Boring machines Drill p resses, radial Drill presses, single- or multiple-spindle Engine lathes Gear-cutting machines Gear-finishing machines Grinding machines Machine tools, miscellaneous Milling machines Planers Screw machines, automatic Screw machines, hand Shapers Turret lathes, automatic Turret lathes, hand 9 9 Operators required alternately to operate more than one type of machine tools as listed above are to be classified as machine-tool operator, miscellaneous. 26 MACHINE-TOOL, OPERATOR, PRODUCTION , Class A Sets up machines by determining proper feeds, speeds, tooling and opera tion sequence or by selecting those prescribed in drawings, blueprints, or layouts; makes necessary adjustments during operation where changes in work and setup are rela tively frequent and where care is essential to achieve requisite dimensions of very close tolerances. Class B, Sets up machines on standard or roughing operations where feeds, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence are prescribed or maintains operation setup made by others; and makes all necessary adjustments during operation where care is essential to achieve very close tolerances or where changes in product are relatively frequent. Class C. Operates machines on routine and repetitive operations; makes only minor adjustments during operations; and when trouble occurs stops machine and calls foreman, leadman, or setup man to correct the operation. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the Operation of one or more types of machine tools such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construc tion of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the fo l lowing: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be re quired to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. MACHINIST, PRODUCTION Fabricates metal parts involving a series of progressive operations. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out work; using a variety of machinist*s handtools and precision measuring instruments; set ting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common m etals; selecting standard m aterials, parts and equipment needed for his work; fitting and assembling parts. In general, the m achinists work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MILLING-MACHINE OPERATOR (Milling-machine operator, automatic; milling-machine operator, hand) Perform s a variety of work such as grooving, planing, and shaping metal objects on a milling machine, which removes material from metal surfaces by the cutting action of multitoothed rotating cutters of various sizes and shapes. Milling-machine types vary from the manually controlled machines employed in unit production to fully automatic (conveyorfed) machines found in plants engaged in mass production. For wage study purposes, opera tors of single-purpose m illers such as thread m illers, duplicators, diesinkers, pantograph m illers, and engraving m illers are excluded. (For description of class of work, see machinetool operator, production.) SCREW-MACHINE OPERATOR, AUTOMATIC Operates one or more multiple- or single-spindle automatic screw machines. Auto matic screw machines are production turning machines with automatic-feed cycle designed to produce parts from bar or tube stock fed automatically through spindles or the head stock. These machines, equipped with from one to eight spindles or a turret, automatically perform and repeat a cycle of operations on each length of stock fed into the machine. (For de scription of class of work, see machine-tool operator, production.) 27 TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gage maker) Constructs auid repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metalforming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker1s handtools and precision measuring instruments; under standing of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heat-treating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; auid selecting appropriate m aterials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die m aker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For wage study purposes, tool and die makers are classified as follows: Tool auid die maker (jobbing) Worker making dies and tools, product of an establishment. die sets, jigs, and fixtures, etc. , as the end Tool and die maker (other than jobbing) Worker making and/or maintaining dies and tools, etc. , for use within an establishment. die sets, jigs and fixtures, TURRET-LATHE OPERATOR, HAND (INCLUDING HAND-SCREW MACHINE) Operates a lathe equipped with a turret used to present a number of cutting tools, required for a cycle of machining operations, to the work in sequence. Operations com monly performed on a turret lathe include turning, facing, boring, drilling, and threading. The operator rotates or indexes the turret to bring the tools toward the work for each opera tion. Individual workpieces, such as forgings auid castings, are held in a chuck or the lathe may be equipped with a bar stock feeding device to present the correct length of stock to the tools at the beginning of each cycle of operations. (For description of class of work, see machine-tool operator, production. ) WELDER, HAND Fuses (welds) metal objects by means of an oxyacetylene torch or arc welding ap paratus in the fabrication of metal shapes auid in repairing broken or cracked metal objects. In addition to performing hand welding or brazing operation, the welder may also lay out guide lines or marks on metal parts and may cut metal with a cutting torch. Class A . Perform s welding operations requiring most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from drawings, blueprints, or other written specifications; knowl edge of welding properties of a variety of metals and alloys, setting up work and de termining operation sequence; welding high pressure vessels or other objects involving critical safety and load requirements; working from a variety of positions. Class B. Perform s welding operations on repetitive work, where no critical safety and load requirements are involved; where the work calls mainly for one-position weld ing; and where the layout and planning of the work are performed by others. INDUSTRY WAGE STUDIES The most recent reports for industries included in the Bureau* s program of industry wage surveys since January 1950 are listed below. Those for which a price is shown are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U .S . Gov ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. , 20402, or any of its regional sales offices. Those for which a price is not shown may be obtained free as long as a supply is available, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D .C ., 20210, or from any of the regional offices shown on the inside back cover. I. Occupational Wage Studies Manufacturing Basic Iron and Steel, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1358 (30 cents). Candy and Other Confectionery Products, I960. BLS Report 195. ^Canning and Freezing, 1957. BLS Report 136. Cigar Manufacturing, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1317 (30 cents). Cigarette Manufacturing, I960. BLS Report 167. Cotton T extiles, I960. BLS Report 184. Distilled Liquors, 1952. Series 2, No. 88. Fabricated Structural Steel, 1957. BLS Report 123. F ertilizer Manufacturing, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1362 (40 cents). Flour and Other Grain M ill Products, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1337 (30 cents). Fluid Milk Industry, I960. BLS Report 174. Footwear, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1360 (45 cents). Hosiery, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1349 (45 cents). Industrial Chemicals, 1955. BLS Report 103. Iron and Steel Foundries, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1386 (40 cents). Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1378 (40 cents). Machinery Manufacturing, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1352 (40 cents). Men* s and Boys* Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1323 (40 cents). Men1 s and Boys* Suits and Coats, 1958. BLS Report 140. Miscellaneous Plastics Products, I960. BLS Report 168. Miscellaneous Textiles, 1953. BLS Report 56. Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle P a rts, 1957. BLS Report 128. Nonferrous Foundries, I960. BLS Report 180. Paints and Varnishes, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1318 (30 cents). Petroleum Refining, 1959. BLS Report 158. P ressed or Blown Glass and Glassw are, I960. BLS Report 177. ^Processed Waste, 1957. BLS Report 124. Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard M ills, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1341 (40 cents). Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. I. Occupational Wage Studies— Continued Manufacturing— Continued Radio, Television, and Related Products, 1951. Series 2, No. 84. Railroad C ars, 1952. Series 2, No. 86. * Raw Sugar, 1957. BLS Report 136. Southern Sawmills and Planing M ills, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1361 (30 cents). Structural Clay Products, I960. BLS Report 172. Synthetic F ibers, 1958. BLS Report 143. Synthetic Textiles, I960. BLS Report 192. Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1311 (35 cents). ^Tobacco Stemming and Redrying, 1957. BLS Report 136. West Coast Sawmilling, 1959. BLS Report 156. Women1 s and M is s e s ’ Coats and Suits, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1371 (25 cents). Women’ s and M is s e s ’ D re sses, I960. BLS Report 193. Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1369 (40 cents). ^Wooden Containers, 1957. BLS Report 126. Wool T extiles, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1372 (45 cents). Work Clothing, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1321 (35 cents). Nonmanufacturing Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1958. BLS Report 141. Banking Industry, I960. BLS Report 179. Bituminous Coal Mining, 1962. BLS Bulletin 138 3 (45 cents). Communications, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1343 (20 cents). Contract Cleaning Services, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1327 (25 cents). Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, I960. BLS Report 181. Department and Women’ s R eady-to-W ear Stores, 1950. Series 2, No. 78. Eating and Drinking P laces, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1329 (40 cents). Electric and Gas Utilities, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1374 (50 cents). Hospitals, I960. BLS Bulletin 1294 (50 cents). Hotels and M otels, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1328 (30 cents). Life Insurance, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1324 (30 cents). Power Laundries and Cleaning Services, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1333 (45 cents). II. Other Industry Wage Studies Factory W orkers’ Earnings—Distribution by Straight-Time Hourly Earnings, 1958. BLS Bulletin 1252 (40 cents). Factory Workers* Earnings—Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1959. BLS Bulletin 1275 (35 cents). Retail Trade: Employee Earnings in Retail Trade, June 1962 (Overall Summary of the Industry). BLS Bulletin 1380 (45 cents). Wages in Nonmetropolitan A rea s, South and North Central Regions, October I960. BLS Report 190. * Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. * U .S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1964 0 - 7 2 0 - 7 2 5 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES
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