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U 2, 3 t / Dayton & Montgomery Co. P u b lic U b r : r y JUL'l ;j-jd DOCUMENTCOLLECTION INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Leather Tanning and Finishing JAN U ARY 1968 B u lletin No. 1618 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Leather Tanning and Finishing JANUARY B u lletin No. 1968 1618 May 1969 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR George P. Shultz, Secretary D3J BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS G e o ffre y H . M oore, C om m issioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20 4 0 2 - Price 55 cents Preface T h e r e s u l t s o f a s u r v e y o f w a g e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y p r a c t i c e s in the le a t h e r tanning and fin ish in g in d u s t r y in J a n u a ry 1968, c o n d u c t e d b y the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s , a r e s u m m a r i z e d in th is b u lle tin . Separate r e le a s e s w e re iss u e d e a r lie r fo r B oston, M a s s . ; F u lto n C o u n ty , N. Y . ; I l l i n o i s ; M a in e ; N e w a r k and J e r s e y C ity , N. J. ; N e w H a m p s h i r e ; P h i la d e lp h ia , P a . — C a m d e n , N . J . —W il m in g t o n , D e l . ; and W i s c o n s i n . C o p i e s o f th e s e r e l e a s e s a r e a v a i l a b l e f r o m the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s , W a s h in g to n , D. C. , 20212, o r any o f its r e g io n a l o f f i c e s . T h is study w a s c o n d u c t e d in the B u r e a u 's O f f i c e o f W a g e s and I n d u s t r ia l R e l a t i o n s . T he a n a l y s i s w a s p r e p a r e d b y J o s e p h C. B u s h in the D i v i s i o n o f O c c u p a t i o n a l W a g e S t r u c t u r e s . F i e l d w o r k f o r the s u r v e y w a s d i r e c t e d b y the A s s i s t a n t R e g i o n a l D i r e c t o r s f o r O p e r a t i o n s . O t h e r r e p o r t s a v a il a b le f r o m the B u r e a u 's p r o g r a m o f in d u s t r y w a g e s tu d ie s and the a d d r e s s e s o f the B u r e a u ' s eigh t r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s a r e l i s t e d at the end o f th is b u lle tin . Contents Page S u m m a r y _______________________________________________________________________________________________ In d u s tr y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P r o d u c t s and p r o c e s s e s _________________________________________________________________________ T y p e o f p la n t --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S iz e o f e s t a b l is h m e n t ____________________________________________________________________________ U n io n iz a t io n _______________________________________________________________________________________ M e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t _________________________________________________________________________ A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s ____________________________________________________________________________ O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n i n g s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v is i o n s -----------------------------------------------S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s __________________________________________________________________________ S h ift d if fe r e n t ia l p r o v is i o n s and p r a c t i c e s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------P a id h o lid a y s - _____________________________________________________________________________________ P a id v a c a t io n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------H e a lth , i n s u r a n c e , and r e t i r e m e n t p la n s _____________________________________________________ T a b le s : A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s : 1. B y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s _______________________________________________ E a r n in g s d is t r ib u t io n : 2. A l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s __________________________________________________________ 3. B y m a jo r ty p e o f le a t h e r ___________________________________________________ O c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s : 4. A l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s __________________________________________________________ 5. B y s iz e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t ___________________________________________________ 6. B y s iz e o f c o m m u n i t y ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. B y la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e ______________________________ 8. B y la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e and s iz e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t 9. B y la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e and s iz e o f c o m m u n it y ___ 10. B y m a j o r ty p e o f le a t h e r ___________________________________________________ 11. B y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t _______________________________________________ O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s : 12. B o s t o n , M a s s ________________________________________________________________ 13. F u lto n C o u n ty , N. Y _________________________________________________________ 14. I l l i n o i s ________________________________________________________________________ 15. M a in e _________________________________________________________________________ 16. N e w a r k and J e r s e y C ity , N . J _____________________________________________ 17. N ew H a m p s h ir e _____________________________________________________________ 18. P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . —C a m d e n , N . J . —W ilm in g to n , D e l __________________ 19. W i s c o n s i n _____________________________________________________________________ E s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s an d s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v is i o n s : 20. M e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t ___________________________________________________ 21. S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s ____________________________________________________ 22. S h ift d if fe r e n t ia l p r o v is i o n s _______________________________________________ 23. S h ift d if fe r e n t ia l p r a c t i c e s _________________________________________________ 24. P a id h o lid a y s ________________________________________________________________ 25. P a id v a c a t i o n s _______________________________________________________________ 26. H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and r e t i r e m e n t p la n s ______________________________ A p p e n d ix e s : A . S c o p e an d m e th o d o f s u r v e y ______________________________________________________________ B . O c c u p a t io n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s _________________________________________________________________ v 1 1 1 2 Z Z Z Z 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 7 7 8 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 24 26 27 29 30 32 32 33 34 35 36 38 40 44 Industry Wage Survey— Leather Tanning and Finishing, January 1968 P r o d u c t s and P r o c e s s e s . T h e b u lk o f th e in d u s tr y * s f i n i s h e d p r o d u c t is u s e d in the m a n u fa c tu r e o f s h o e s . O th e r im p o r ta n t p r o d u c t s in c lu d e le a t h e r f o r lu g g a g e , in d u s t r i a l b e lt in g , u p h o ls t e r y , g l o v e s , p o c k e t b o o k s , and g a r m e n t s . A m a jo r it y o f the w o r k e r s in the N ew E n g la n d and G r e a t L a k e s r e g io n s w e r e e m p lo y e d in p la n ts p r o c e s s i n g p r i m a r i l y s id e le a t h e r , a ty p e o f s h o e u p p e r le a t h e r c o n s is t in g o f th e h a ir s id e o f c a tt le h id e s . In th e M id d le A tla n tic r e g io n , h o w e v e r , t h e r e w a s a g r e a t e r v a r ie t y o f p r o d u c t s , in c lu d in g s o le le a t h e r , s h e e p s k in c lo th in g le a t h e r , u p h o l s t e r y le a t h e r , c a lf le a t h e r f o r s h o e u p p e r s , as w e ll a s s id e le a t h e r . S u m m ary S t r a ig h t - t im e e a r n in g s o f p r o d u c t io n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s in le a t h e r ta n n in g and f i n i s h in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 56 an h o u r in J a n u a ry 1968. M en — n in e -te n th s o f th e n e a r ly 2 4 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y t h e B L S s u r v e y 1— a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 60 an h o u r , c o m p a r e d w ith $ 2 .1 8 f o r w o m e n . E a r n in g s o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s w e r e w id e ly d is t r ib u t e d (the m id d le h a lf e a r n e d f r o m $ 2 . 0 9 to $ 2 . 9 3 ) . T h is r e f l e c t e d f a c t o r s s u ch a s d i f f e r e n c e s in e s t a b lis h m e n t p a y l e v e l s a m o n g and w ith in r e g io n s and a r e a s , th e u s e o f in c e n t iv e w a g e s y s t e m s , and the ra n g e o f s k il l r e q u ir e m e n t s in the in d u s tr y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f the o c c u p a tio n s s e l e c t e d f o r s e p a r a t e stu d y ra n g e d f r o m $ 2 . 06 an h o u r f o r l a b o r e r s h a n d lin g d r y w o r k to $ 3 .1 4 f o r s h a v in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s . V a r ia t io n s in o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s w e r e fo u n d b y e s t a b lis h m e n t s i z e , c o m m u n it y s i z e , m a jo r ty p e o f le a t h e r p r o d u c e d b y the e s t a b lis h m e n t , labor-management c o n t r a c t s ta t u s , and m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t. S e v e n -e ig h t h s o f the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w h ic h ta n n ed h id e s and s k in s and p e r f o r m e d c e r t a i n f i n i s h in g o p e r a t i o n s . T h e r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r s w e r e a b o u t e q u a lly d is t r ib u t e d b e tw e e n p la n ts w h o s e o p e r a t io n s w e r e lim it e d to ta n n in g , an d t h o s e that p u r c h a s e d ta n n ed le a t h e r s and p e r f o r m e d fin is h in g o p e r a t io n s su c h as d y e in g , b r u s h in g , g la z in g , and e m b o s s in g . V ir t u a lly a ll p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s w e r e in e s t a b lis h m e n t s that p r o v id e d p a id h o lid a y s and p a id v a c a t io n s . L i f e , h o s p it a l iz a t io n , and s u r g i c a l in s u r a n c e w e r e p r o v id e d to o v e r n in e -t e n t h s o f th e w o r k e r s ; s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e , b a s i c m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e , and r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n b e n e fit s a ls o w e r e w id e s p r e a d in the in d u s tr y . T h e tan n in g and fin is h in g c y c l e in v o lv e s th r e e m a j o r s t e p s . F i r s t , h id e s o r sk in s a r e s o a k e d and w a s h e d and the h a ir , fa t , and t is s u e a r e r e m o v e d . N e x t, th e y a r e s o a k e d in a s o lu t io n that t r a n s f o r m s th e m f r o m a h ig h ly p e r is h a b le to a s e m id u r a b le p r o d u c t (le a t h e r ). C h e m ic a ls u s e d in th e s o a k in g s o l u tio n s a r e c h r o m e s a lt s and m u r ia t ic a c id ( c h r o m e ta n n in g ) and ta n n ic a c id f r o m b a r k e x t r a c t s (v e g e t a b le ta n n in g ). C h r o m e ta n n in g , a m o r e r a p id p r o c e s s than v e g e t a b le ta n n in g , is g e n e r a lly u s e d in p r o c e s s i n g lig h t le a t h e r ; h e a v y le a t h e r , s u c h a s th o s e u s e d f o r s h o e s o l e s , a r e v e g e t a b le ta n n ed . O f the e s t a b l is h m e n t s h a v in g tan n in g o p e r a t i o n s , p la n ts u s in g c h r o m e tan n in g e m p lo y e d a lm o s t In d u stry C h a r a c t e r is t i c s L e a t h e r tan n in g and fin is h in g p la n ts w ith in s c o p e o f the s u r v e y e m p lo y e d 2 3 ,7 1 2 p r o d u c tio n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s in J a n u a r y 1968— a d e c lin e o f 7 p e r c e n t s in c e M a r c h 1 9 6 3 , the d a te o f a s i m i l a r B u r e a u s u r v e y . 2 E m p lo y m e n t c h a n g e s d u r in g the 5 - y e a r p e r i o d v a r ie d b y r e g io n — 15 p e r c e n t in c r e a s e in the S o u th e a s t , v ir t u a lly u n ch a n g e d in N ew E n g la n d and the G r e a t L a k e s , d ow n 9 p e r c e n t in the B o r d e r S ta te s , and 24 p e r c e n t in the M id d le A t la n t ic . A s in 196 3 , h o w e v e r , the N ew E n g la n d , M id d le A t la n t ic , and G r e a t L a k e s r e g io n s a c c o u n t e d f o r s lig h t ly m o r e than f o u r fifth s o f in d u s t r y rs w o r k f o r c e , and t h r e e fifth s o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e in m e t r o p o lit a n areas. 4 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. Wage data presented in this bulletin exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 See Industry Wage Survey: Leather Tanning and Finish ing. March 1963 (BLS Bulletin 1378, 1963). 3 For definition of regions, see appendix A. 4 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget through April 1967. 1 2 t h r e e - f i f t h s o f the w o r k e r s ; th o s e u s in g v e g e ta b le ta n n in g , o n e - f i f t h ; and p la n ts u s in g a c o m b i n a t i o n o f the tw o ta n n in g m e t h o d s , a n o th e r fift h . T h e fin a l s te p is fin is h in g , w h ic h v a r i e s a c c o r d in g to c u s t o m e r n e e d s and the ty p e o f le a t h e r b e in g p r o c e s s e d . T h e T y p e o f P la n t . R e g u la r ta n n in g and fin is h in g p la n ts , i. e . , th o s e p r o c e s s i n g t h e ir ow n le a t h e r and s e llin g the fin is h e d p r o d u c t , e m p lo y e d a b ou t t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f th e p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s . P la n ts p e r f o r m i n g ta n n in g and fin is h in g o p e r a t io n s on a c o n t r a c t b a s is f o r o t h e r s a c c o u n t e d f o r the r e m a in in g w o r k e r s ; t h e s e p la n ts w e r e fou n d m o s t ly in the N ew E n g la n d an d M id d le A tla n tic r e g io n s . S iz e o f E s t a b lis h m e n t . S e v e n -t e n t h s o f the w o r k e r s s u r v e y e d w e r e e m p lo y e d in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g 100 e m p l o y e e s o r m o r e . In the s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , the p r o p o r t io n s w e r e e ig h t -t e n t h s o r m o r e in the B o r d e r S ta te s , S o u th e a s t, and G r e a t L a k e s , and a p p r o x im a t e ly s ix - t e n t h s in N ew E n g la n d and M id d le A t la n t ic . A s m e n tio n e d a b o v e , c o n t r a c t o r s a r e c o n c e n t r a t e d in the la t t e r tw o r e g io n s ; th e s e p la n ts u s u a lly h a v e s m a l l e r o p e r a t io n s than r e g u la r tan n in g and fin is h in g p la n ts . U n io n iz a t io n . P la n ts h a v in g c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s c o v e r in g a m a jo r it y o f t h e ir p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s a c c o u n t e d f o r t w o - t h ir d s o f the w o r k e r s in the stu d y . M o s t c o n t r a c t s w e r e w ith the A m a lg a m a t e d M e a t C u tte r s and B u t c h e r W o r k m e n o f N o r th A m e r i c a o r th e L e a th e r W o r k e r s I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n ion o f A m e r i c a . A s in d ic a t e d in the f o l lo w in g ta b u la tio n , the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y u n ion c o n t r a c t s a m o n g th e S ta te s and a r e a s s tu d ie d s e p a r a t e ly w a s g r e a t e s t in N e w a r k and J e r s e y C ity and le a s t in M a in e : Region, State, and area Percent of production workers in establishments with labor-management contracts United S tates-------------------------------------- 65-69 New England---------------------------------------Boston--------------------------------------------Maine--------------------------------------------New Hampshire------------------------------- 50-54 90-94 10-14 65-69 Middle A tla n tic----------------------------------Fulton County, N .Y ------------------------Newark and Jersey C it y ------------------Philadelphia-Camden—Wilmington — 90-94 90-94 95+ 35-39 Border States---------------------------------------- 65-69 Great Lakes-----------------------------------------Illin ois------------------------------------------Wisconsin---------------------------------------- 65-69 65-69 65-69 M e th o d o f W a g e P a y m e n t . In c e n tiv e w a g e s y s t e m s , u s u a lly in d iv id u a l p i e c e w o r k , w e r e th e b a s is o f w a g e p a y m e n t f o r s lig h t ly o v e r o n e - h a l f o f th e p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in J a n u a ry 1968 (ta b le 2 0 ), a b o u t the s a m e p r o p o r t io n a s r e c o r d e d in the 1963 s u r v e y . A b o u t t h r e e fifth s o f the w o r k e r s in the N ew E n g la n d , M id d le A t la n t ic , and B o r d e r S ta te s r e g io n s w e r e p a id on an in c e n t iv e b a s i s , c o m p a r e d w ith n e a r ly o n e - t h ir d in the S o u th e a s t and a p p r o x im a t e ly o n e - h a lf in the G r e a t L a k e s . N u m e r i c a ll y im p o r t a n t jo b s p a id u n d e r i n c e n tiv e w a g e s y s t e m s in c lu d e d m a c h in e b u f f e r s , f l e s h i n g - and u n h a ir in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s h a v in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , and t a c k e r s , t o g g l e r s , and p a s t e r s . A b o u t t w o -t h ir d s o f the t i m e - r a t e d w o r k e r s w e r e p a id u n d e r f o r m a l s y s t e m s w h ic h p r o v id e d a s in g le r a te f o r a g iv e n o c c u p a t io n ; r a te s o f p a y f o r m o s t o f th e r e m a in in g t i m e r a te d w o r k e r s w e r e d e t e r m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s i s . A fe w (1 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l) w o r k e r s w e r e p a id a c c o r d in g to a m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t r e f e r r e d to as " s t in t w o r k " o r " t a s k w ork . " U n d e r th is m e th o d , th e w o r k e r r e c e iv e d a fix e d d a ily r a te f o r a p r e d e t e r m i n e d am ount o f w o rk , r e g a r d le s s o f the a c tu a l a m o u n t o f t im e ta k en to c o m p le t e the w o r k . F o r p u r p o s e s o f th is stu d y , t h e s e w o r k e r s w e r e c la s s ifie d as t im e w o r k e r s . A v e r a g e H o u r ly E a r n in g s S t r a ig h t - t im e e a r n in g s o f p r o d u c t io n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s in the in d u s tr y a v e r a g e d $ 2 .5 6 an h o u r 5 in J a n u a ry 1968 (ta b le 1). 5 The straight-time average hourly earnings in this bulletin differ in concept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau’s monthly hours and earnings series ($2. 69 in January 1968). Unlike the latter, the estimates presented here exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Average (mean) hourly rates or earnings were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earning) by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of individuals. In the monthly series, the sum of the man-hour totals reported by establishments in the industry was divided into the reported payroll totals. The estimates of the number of production workers within scope of the study is intended only as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. It differs from the number published in the monthly series (27,000 in January 1968) by the exclusion of leather converters and estab lishments employing fewer than 20 workers, and because the ad vance planning necessary to make the survey required the use of lists of establishments assembled considerably in advance of data collection. Thus, establishments new to the industry are omitted as are establishments originally classified in the leather tanning and finishing manufacturing industry but found to be in other industries at the time of the survey. Also omitted are establish ments tanning and finishing leather but classified incorrectly in other industries at the time the lists were compiled. 3 T h is fig u r e w a s 20 p e r c e n t h ig h e r than the $ 2 . 13 an h o u r a v e r a g e r e c o r d e d in the B u r e a u 's M a r c h 1963 s u r v e y . 6 A v e r a g e in c r e a s e s b e tw e e n the tw o s u r v e y s in the th r e e m a j o r r e g io n s w e r e 16 p e r c e n t in the M id d le A t la n t ic , 20 p e r c e n t in the N ew E n g la n d , and 23 p e r c e n t in the G r e a t L a k e s . W o r k e r s in the N ew E n g la n d , M id d le A t la n t ic , and G r e a t L a k e s r e g io n s a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 5 1 , $ 2 . 5 6 , and $ 2 . 7 9 an h o u r , r e s p e c t i v e ly , in J a n u a r y 1968; a v e r a g e e a r n in g s in th e o t h e r tw o r e g io n s f o r w h ic h w a g e data a r e p r e s e n t e d w e r e $ 2 . 0 3 in the S o u th e a st and $ 2 . 2 5 in the B o r d e r S ta te s . A m o n g the S ta tes and a r e a s s tu d ie d s e p a r a t e l y , p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r a v e r a g e s r a n g e d f r o m $ 2 . 3 4 in N ew H a m p s h ir e and $ 2 . 39 in M a in e to $ 2 . 7 3 in B o s t o n and W is c o n s in ; a v e r a g e s in the re m a in in g S ta te s and a r e a s ( I l li n o i s , N e w a r k and J e r s e y C ity , P h i 1 a d e 1 p h i a—C a m d e n — W ilm in g to n , and F u lto n C o u n ty , N . Y . ) ra n g e d f r o m $ 2 . 5 2 to $ 2 . 6 6 (t a b le s 12—19). M e n , a c c o u n t in g f o r s lig h t ly o v e r n in e ten th s o f the w o r k f o r c e , a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 6 0 an h o u r c o m p a r e d w ith $ 2 . 1 8 f o r th e 2 ,1 9 5 w om en. R e g io n a lly , the a v e r a g e w a g e a d v a n ta g e f o r m e n r a n g e d f r o m 7 c e n ts an h o u r in the B o r d e r S ta te s to 59 c e n ts in th e G r e a t L a k e s . D i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e p a y le v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n m a y b e the r e s u lt o f s e v e r a l f a c t o r s , in c lu d in g v a r ia t io n s in the d is t r ib u tio n o f s e x e s a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s and a m o n g j o b s h a v in g d iv e r g e n t p a y l e v e l s . F o llo w in g the g e n e r a l p a tte r n fou n d in m a n y o t h e r m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s , a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e h ig h e r in u n io n than in n o n u n ion e s t a b lis h m e n t s ( $ 2 . 6 0 c o m p a r e d w ith $ 2 . 4 8 ), and h ig h e r in la r g e than in s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s . W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g 100 e m p lo y e e s o r m o r e a v e r a g e d $ 2 .6 3 — 24 c e n ts h ig h e r than t h o s e in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g 20 to 99 e m p l o y e e s . T h e s e tw o r e la t io n s h ip s a ls o p r e v a il e d in the fe w in s t a n c e s w h e r e c o m p a r i s o n s w e r e p o s s i b l e on a r e g io n a l b a s i s . N a t io n a lly , p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o lita n a r e a s a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 6 3 an houx— 18 c e n ts m o r e than th o s e e m p lo y e d in s m a l l e r c o m m u n it ie s . T h is g e n e r a l r e la t io n s h ip p r e v a ile d in the N ew E n g la n d r e g io n , a s it d id in 1963. In the G r e a t L a k e s and M id d le A tla n tic r e g io n s , h o w e v e r , w o r k e r s in n o n m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s e a r n e d m o r e than th o s e in the la r g e r c o m m u n it ie s . T h e e x a c t im p a c t on e a r n in g s o f an y o f th e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s id e n t ifie d a b o v e c a n n o t b e is o l a t e d and m e a s u r e d b e c a u s e o f t h e ir i n t e r r e la t io n s h ip . In N ew E n g la n d , f o r e x a m p le , p la n ts h a v in g u n io n c o n t r a c t s a c c o u n t e d f o r t w o - t h ir d s o f the w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s , c o m p a r e d w ith o n e -fo u r t h in s m a l l e r c o m m u n it ie s . O th e r f a c t o r s , su c h a s ty p e o f le a t h e r p r o d u c e d and m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t, a ls o m a y in flu e n c e e a r n in g s le v e l s . N a t io n w id e , p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 7 1 an h o u r in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r i m a r i l y p r o c e s s i n g s id e le a t h e r and $ 2 . 2 8 in th o s e p r o c e s s i n g s o le le a t h e r . T he M id d le A tla n tic r e g io n and the B o r d e r S ta te s a c c o u n t e d f o r n e a r ly s e v e n -e ig h t h s o f the w o r k e r s in s o l e le a t h e r p la n t s , w h e r e a s a s i m i l a r p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r s in s i d e - l e a t h e r p la n ts w e r e in the N ew E n g la n d and G r e a t L a k e s r e g io n s . A v e r a g e s f o r p la n ts p r i m a r i l y m a n u fa c tu r in g o t h e r ty p e s o f l e a t h e r 7 w e r e $ 2 . 4 1 f o r s p lit s (p o r t io n o f h id e o th e r than the g r a in o r h a ir s id e ) ; $ 2 . 6 2 f o r s h e e p s k in c lo th in g le a t h e r ; $ 2 . 6 4 f o r k id u p p e r le a t h e r ; an d $ 2 . 7 6 f o r c a lf u p p e r le a t h e r . E a r n in g s o f a ll e x c e p t 2 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the stu d y w e r e w ith in a r a n g e o f $ 1 . 6 0 to $ 4 an h o u r ---- the m id d le h a lf o f the e a r n in g s d is t r ib u t io n w a s b e tw e e n $ 2 . 09 and $ 2 . 93 (ta b le 2). T h e m id d le r a n g e s in the t h r e e m o s t im p o r ta n t r e g io n s w e r e : $ 2 . 11—$ 2 .8 8 in N ew E n g la n d ; $ 2 . 11—$ 2 .9 3 in M id d le A t la n t ic ; and $ 2 . 33—$ 3 . 17 in G r e a t L ak es. C o n tr ib u tin g to th is d i s p e r s i o n o f e a r n in g s w e r e f a c t o r s s u ch a s p r e v a le n c e o f in c e n t iv e p a y s y s t e m s and the w id e ra n g e o f o c c u p a t i o n a l s k ill r e q u ir e m e n t s in the in d u s tr y . O c c u p a t io n a l E a r n in g s T h e p r o d u c t i o n - w o r k e r j o b s 8 f o r w h ic h s e p a r a t e d ata w e r e o b ta in e d a c c o u n t e d f o r s lig h t ly o v e r t h r e e - f i f t h s o f the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f the stu d y . O ccu p a tio n s w e r e c h o s e n p r i m a r i l y to r e p r e s e n t the ty p e s o f s k il ls and m a n u fa c tu r in g o p e r a tio n s in the in d u s t r y . N a tio n w id e a v e r a g e s f o r th e s e j o b s r a n g e d f r o m $ 2 . 0 6 f o r l a b o r e r s h a n d lin g d r y w o r k to $ 3 . 14 f o r s h a v in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s . T h e 1 ,7 7 7 t a c k e r s , t o g g l e r s , and p a s t e r s — the la r g e s t jo b c a t e g o r y 6 Op. c it ., BLS Bulletin 1378. 7 Because of the relatively small number of workers in these establishments, earnings data were not presented by region. ® Data also were obtained for five office occupations and are presented in table 4. 4 s tu d ie d — a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 9 6 . O th e r im p o r ta n t jo b s and t h e ir h o u r ly a v e r a g e s w e r e : J a n i t o r s , $ 2 . 1 2 ; l a b o r e r s h a n d lin g w e t w o r k , $ 2 . 2 6 ; g e n e r a l u tility m a i n t e n a n c e m e n , $ 2 .4 2 ; e m b o s s in g - o r p la t in g -p r e s s o p e r a t o r s , $ 2. 4 7 ; h a u l e r s , $ 2 . 4 8 ; s e t t e r s - o u t m a c h in e , $ 2 . 6 7 ; m a c h in e b u f f e r s , $ 2 . 8 3 ; and m a c h in e s t a k e r s , $ 2 . 9 3 . W o m e n 's a v e r a g e s in the s ix j o b s f o r w h ic h d ata c o u ld b e p u b lis h e d w e r e : $ 2 . 08 f o r m a c h in e s e a s o n e r s ; $ 2 . 15 f o r m e a s u r in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ; $ 2 . 2 3 f o r h an d s e a s o n e r s ; $ 2 . 2 7 f o r s p r a y - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s and e m b o s s i n g - o r p l a t i n g - p r e s s o p e r a t o r s ; and $ 2 . 29 f o r d r y t r i m m e r s . In e a c h o f th e a b o v e o c c u p a t io n s , m e n o u tn u m b e r e d w o m e n and h ad h ig h e r e a r n in g s (m e a n ) b y a m o u n ts r a n g in g f r o m 23 c e n ts f o r e m b o s s i n g - o r p l a t i n g - p r e s s o p e r a t o r s and s p r a y - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s to 51 c e n ts f o r m a c h in e s e a s o n e r s . R e g io n a lly , o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s w e r e u s u a lly l o w e s t in th e S o u th e a s t and h ig h e s t in th e G r e a t L a k e s . T h e a m o u n ts o f th e d i f f e r e n t i a ls v a r ie d s u b s t a n t ia lly b y o c c u p a t io n . A s illu s t r a t e d in the fo llo w in g t a b u l a t i o n , w o r k e r s in th e M id d le A t la n t ic r e g io n a v e r a g e d m o r e than th o s e in N ew E n g la n d in the h ig h e r p a y in g jo b s and l e s s in th e lo w e r r a te d o c c u p a t io n s : Average hourly earnings as a percentage of those in the New England region for— Occupations Laborers handling dry work — Janitors-----------------------------Laborers handling wet work— General utility maintenance m en --------------------------------Embossing- or plating-press operators-------------------------H aulers-----------------------------Setters-out m a ch in e ----------Buffers, m achine---------------Stakers, machine ---------------Tackers, togglers, or pasters-----------------------------Shaving-machine operators— Middle Atlantic Border States South east Great Lakes 98 86 85 82 75 73 106 87 107 108 106 116 106 120 101 88 82 114 87 94 77 74 66 109 117 112 120 106 108 118 111 111 75 - 111 111 87 81 77 106 97 100 123 O c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s w e r e u s u a lly h ig h e r in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g 100 w o r k e r s o r m o r e than in s m a l l e r e s t a b lis h m e n t s ( t a b l e 5 ); h ig h e r in m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s than in s m a l l e r c o m m u n it ie s (ta b le 6 ); and h ig h e r in u n ion p la n ts than in th o s e that d id n o t h a v e a c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g c o n t r a c t c o v e r in g a m a j o r i t y o f t h e ir w o r k e r s (ta b le 7 ). T h is u n io n - n o n u n io n r e la t io n s h ip u s u a lly r e m a in e d e v e n w h en c o m p a r i s o n s w e r e lim it e d to th e s a m e e s t a b l i s h m e n t - s i z e (ta b le 8) and c o m m u n it y s i z e g r o u p s (ta b le 9 ). E a r n in g s o f in d iv id u a ls p e r f o r m i n g s i m i l a r ta s k s v a r ie d c o n s id e r a b ly w ith in th e s a m e jo b m a r k e t a r e a (t a b le s 12—19). E a r n in g s o f the h ig h e s t p a id w o r k e r s fr e q u e n t ly e x c e e d e d t h o s e o f th e lo w e s t p a id w o r k e r s in the s a m e jo b and a r e a b y $ 1 an h o u r o r m o r e , p a r t i c u l a r ly a m o n g jo b s p a id p r i m a r i l y on an i n c e n t i v e b a s is . T h u s , s o m e w o r k e r s in c o m p a r a t i v e ly lo w p a id j o b s (a s m e a s u r e d b y the a v e r a g e f o r a ll w o r k e r s ) e a r n e d m o r e th an s o m e w o r k e r s in j o b s f o r w h ic h s i g n i f ic a n t ly h ig h e r a v e r a g e s w e r e r e c o r d e d . F or e x a m p le , th e fo llo w in g ta b u la tio n in d ic a t e s a c o n s id e r a b le o v e r la p p in g o f in d iv id u a l e a r n in g s in B o s t o n f o r m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g l a b o r e r s (w e t w o r k ) and m a c h in e s t a k e r s , d e s p it e a 5 9 - c e n t d if f e r e n c e in the h o u r ly a v e r a g e s o f th e tw o j o b s : Earnings $2.00 $2. 20 $2. 40 $2. 60 $2. 80 $3.00 $3. 20 $3. 40 and and and and and and and and under $2. 2 0 -------------------under $2. 4 0 ------— ........... under $2. 6 0 ------- ......... — under $2. 8 0 -------------------under $ 3 .0 0 -------------------under $3. 2 0 ----- ------------under $3. 4 0 -------------------over----------------- — Total workers-----------■......... — Average hourly earnings------------------ Laborers, material handling, wet work 18 86 13 9 3 22 2 Stakers, machine _ 6 8 15 37 33 18 14 153 131 $2.42 $3.01 E s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p le m e n ta r y W age P r o v is io n s D ata a ls o w e r e o b ta in e d on w o r k s c h e d u l e s , s h ift p r o v i s i o n s and p r a c t i c e s , and s e l e c t e d s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fit s in c lu d in g p a id h o lid a y s and v a c a t i o n s ; r e t i r e m e n t p la n s ; li f e in s u r a n c e ; s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e ; and h o s p it a liz a t io n , s u r g i c a l , and m e d i c a l b e n e fit s f o r p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . S c h e d u le d W e e k ly H o u r s . W ork s c h e d u le s o f 40 h o u r s a w e e k w e r e in e f f e c t in e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p lo y in g a p p r o x im a t e ly n in e ten th s o f the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in J a n u a r y 1968 and w e r e p r e d o m in a n t in e a c h o f the s e l e c t e d r e g io n s (ta b le 2 1 ). L onger w o r k s c h e d u le s (u s u a lly 45 o r 48 h o u r s ) w e r e r e p o r t e d in e a c h s e l e c t e d r e g io n e x c e p t th e M id d le A t la n t ic ; in th e G r e a t L a k e s , a p p r o x i m a t e ly o n e - f o u r t h o f th e p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s 5 h a d s c h e d u le d w o r k w e e k s o f m o r e than 40 h ou rs. N e a r ly s e v e n -e ig h t h s o f th e o f f i c e w o r k e r s h ad a 4 0 - h o u r w e e k ly s c h e d u le ; th e r e m a in d e r had s c h e d u le s o f l e s s than 40 h o u r s . S h ift D iffe r e n t ia l P r o v i s i o n s and P r a c t i c e s . A lth o u g h f o u r - f i f t h s o f th e p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s w e r e in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g p r o v is i o n s f o r s e c o n d - s h i f t w o r k ( t a b l e 2 2 ), s lig h t ly o v e r o n e -t e n t h w e r e a c t u a lly e m p lo y e d on th e s e c o n d s h ift at t h e ' t im e o f th e s u r v e y (ta b le 2 3 ). T h e m o s t c o m m o n p r o v i s i o n s f o r a p a y d if f e r e n t ia l f o r s e c o n d - s h i f t w o r k w a s 5 c e n ts an h o u r a b o v e d a y r a t e s . About 3 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d on t h ir d - o r o th e r l a t e - s h i f t o p e r a t i o n s . P a id H o l id a y s . P a id h o lid a y s w e r e p r o v id e d to n e a r ly a ll p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s (ta b le 2 4 ). T h e n u m b e r o f p a id h o lid a y s g r a n te d a n n u a lly v a r ie d s u b s ta n tia lly w ith in e a c h r e g io n . The m o s t co m m o n p r o v is io n f o r p la n t w o r k e r s in e a c h o f th e s e le c t e d r e g io n s w e r e 11 d a y s a n n u a lly in N e w E n g la n d ; 8 o r 9 d a y s in th e M id d le A tla n tic and S o u th e a s t ; 7 d a y s in th e B o r d e r S ta te s ; and 6 d a y s p lu s 1 o r 2 h a lf d a y s in the G r e a t L a k e s . H o lid a y p r o v i s i o n s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s w e r e s lig h t ly m o r e l i b e r a l than th o s e f o r p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s . P a id V a c a t io n s . P a id v a c a t io n s (a ft e r q u a lify in g p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e ) w e r e p r o v id e d to n e a r ly a ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s (ta b le 2 5 ). T y p ic a l v a c a t io n p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s w e r e 1 w e e k ls v a c a t io n p a y a ft e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e ; 2 w e e k s a ft e r 5 y e a r s ; 3 w e e k s a ft e r 15 y e a r s ; and 4 w e e k s a ft e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e . P r o v i s i o n s f o r 4 w e e k s * v a c a t io n p a y w e r e l e s s p r e v e la n t f o r w o r k e r s in the S o u th e a s t and B o r d e r S ta te s than in the o th e r m a j o r r e g io n s . A ll o f f i c e w o r k e r s stu d ie d w e r e e li g ib le f o r v a c a t io n b e n e fit s . T y p ic a l v a c a t io n p r o v i s i o n s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s w e r e 2 w e e k s 1 v a c a t io n p a y a ft e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e ; 3 w e e k s a ft e r 15 y e a r s ; and 4 w e e k s a ft e r 25 y e a r s . H e a lth , I n s u r a n c e , and R e t ir e m e n t P l a n s . L i f e , h o s p it a l iz a t i o n , and s u r g i c a l in s u r a n c e w e r e a v a ila b le to o v e r n in e -te n th s o f the p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s (ta b le 2 6 ). A p p r o x im a t e ly f o u r - f i f t h s o f the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s w e r e in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g m e d i c a l and s i c k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e ; a b o u t t h r e e fi ft h s , a c c id e n t a l d ea th and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e ; and s lig h t ly l e s s than o n e - h a lf , c a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e . E m p lo y e r s t y p ic a lly p a id th e e n t ir e c o s t o f th e s e p la n s . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f o f f i c e w o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g s e l e c t e d h e a lth and in s u r a n c e b e n e fits w e r e g e n e r a lly s i m i l a r to th o s e f o r p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f p la n t and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in p la n ts p r o v id in g s p e c i f i e d h e a lth and in s u r a n c e b e n e fit s v a r ie d b y r e g io n . P e n s io n p la n s , p r o v id in g r e g u la r p a y m e n ts f o r th e r e s t o f the r e t i r e e fs li f e (in a d d itio n to F e d e r a l s o c i a l s e c u r it y b e n e f it s ) , w e r e m o s t ly fin a n c e d w h o lly b y th e e m p l o y e r and c o v e r e d a p p r o x im a t e ly t w o - t h ir d s o f the p la n t and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . In s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , the p r o p o r t io n s f o r p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y p e n s io n p la n s r a n g e d f r o m n e a r ly o n e - h a lf in the s o u t h e a s t to a b ou t t h r e e fo u r th s in th e G r e a t L a k e s and M id d le A t la n t ic . N a tio n w id e , l e s s than 5 p e r c e n t o f th e p la n t and o f f i c e w o r k f o r c e w e r e p r o v id e d lu m p - s u m r e tir e m e n t pay. Table 1. Average Hourly Earnings: By Selected Characteristics (Number and straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of production workers in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents by selected characteristics, United States and selected regions, January 1968) United States2 Item Number of workers B order States M iddle Atlantic New England Average hourly earnings Number of w ork ers Average hourly earnings Number of w ork ers Average hourly earnings Number of w ork ers Average hourly earnings Number of w ork ers Average hourly earnings Number of w ork ers Average hourly earnings 7, 512 $2. 51 2. 56 2 . 11 5, 298 4, 970 328 $2. 56 2.59 2 . 16 2, 214 2, 064 150 $2. 25 2.26 2 . 19 1, 374 1,277 97 $2. 03 2. 05 1 . 82 6 , 564 $ 2 .7 9 5,779 785 2. 27 - 5, 090 - 2. 77 - 1,276 5, 288 2. 31 2 . 90 _ 4, 347 - 2. 75 - - 5, 035 2. 91 All production w o rk e rs----------------------------------------------M en__________________________ __________________ W om en______ _ --- ----------------------------- -------------- 23,712 21, 517 2, 195 $2. 56 2 . 60 2 . 18 6,698 Size of com m unity: M etropolitan areas 2_______________________________ N onm etropolitan areas ________________ __________ 13,604 10,108 2.63 2.45 4,455 3, 057 2.61 2 , 098 2. 36 3, 200 2. 52 2. 58 1,280 Size of establishm ent: 2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s — __-__- __ -_____ — - __ -___-__ — 1 0 0 w ork ers o r m o r e _________________________ — 7, 241 16,471 2 . 39 2, 718 4, 794 2 .40 2. 57 2, 194 3, 104 2. 37 2.69 2, 004 2. 27 Labor-m anagem ent con tracts: Establishm ents with— M ajority of w ork ers c o v e r e d ---------------- --------None or m in ority of w orkers c o v e re d _______ 15,793 7, 919 3, 778 3, 734 2.67 2. 34 4, 862 - 2.59 - 1,437 - 2 . 06 2.48 11,038 2 , 988 2.71 2.28 4, 185 2. 53 - M ajor type o f le a th e r : 4 Side leather___ _____ __________________________ ___ Great Lakes Southeast 2.63 2.60 814 - - _ - 1, 333 - 2 . 06 _ - 950 _ 1, 134 _ - - - - 2 . 12 _ 2. 05 2.86 2. 05 1 Excludes premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 The term "m etropolitan a r e a s " used in this study refers to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical A reas as defined by the U. S„ Bureau of the Budget through A p ril 1967. 4 E stablishm ents were c lassified on the basis of the major type of leather tanned or finished during the preceding year. The production-w orker total above includes data for estab lishments tanning or finishing other types of leather in addition to those shown separately. N O TE : Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication criteria. Table 2. Earnings Distribution: All Establishments Table 3. (Percent distribution of production workers in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents by average straight-tim e hourly e a rn in g s,1 United States and selected regions, January 1968) United States 2 Middle New England Atlantic Average hourly earnings 1 A ll workers Men Border States South- 0. . . . 0. 7 1 .2 1. 0 1. 6 0. 2. 5. 9. 2 3 1 9 8 .9 1 .2 1. 0 1. 8 2. 1 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1. 80 $ 1. 85 $ 1. 90 $ 1. 95 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1. 80_____________ $ 1 .8 5 _____________ $ 1. 90_____________ $ 1 .9 5 _____________ $ 2 . 00-------------------- 1. 5 1. 1 1.6 3. 3 2. 1 5. 5. 6. 3. 2. 0 8 0 5 3 2. 3 1 .2 1. 9 3. 0 3. 0 10. 9 12. 3 12. 2 5 .6 2. 4 11. 9. 5. 7. 6. 4 0 9 6 2 4. 4. 4. 7. 9. 9 4 5 4 2 $ 2 . 00 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 . 30 $ 2 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 10_____________ $ 2. 20-------------------$ 2. 30_____________ $ 2 . 4 0 _____________ $ 2. 50_____________ 4. 4. 5. 6. 7. 4 6 7 7 0 8. 8. 10. 10. 3. 0 8 2 4 5 7. 6 6. 9 8. 6 6 .4 4. 4 6. 4. 5. 4. 2. 8 7 2 3 8 1. 2. 3. 7. 9. 7 6 1 8 9 6. 7 2. 5 4. 3 1. 3 1 .4 3. 2. 1. . . 1 0 3 2 1 6. 1 6. 2 4. 9 4 .6 4. 0 $ 2 ,5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 . 80 $ 2 .9 0 and and and and and unde r unde r unde r under unde r $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $2. $ 3. 6 0_____________ 7 0_____________ 8 0-------------------90_____________ 0 0_____________ 6. 6. 6. 5. 4. 9 9 0 5 5 6 .4 3 .4 4. 7 3. 3 3. 4 8. 1 5. 7 6. 1 5. 3 4 .6 7. 9 1 .2 1. 1 . 3 . 1 6. 6. 4. 4. 4. 4 0 8 8 1 5. 0 3. 2 2. 7 2. 0 1.6 1. 7 1.7 1. 8 .6 1. 4 _ _ _ _ 6. 5. 2. 3. 2. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 10_____________ 20_____________ 30_____________ 40_____________ 50-------------------- 5. 5. 3. 2. 2. 3 1 0 6 3 2. 1. 1. . . 0 2 3 7 5 4. 9 5. 3 3. 3 1 .6 1. 5 . . 1. . . 6. 6. 3. 3. 3. 6 2 5 8 5 1. 1. . . . 1. 0 .4 1 .6 1. 9 .9 $ 3. 50 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3. 90 and and and and and under under unde r under under $ 3. 60_____________ $ 3. 70_____________ $ 3 . 8 0_____________ $ 3. 90_____________ $ 4 . 00_____________ 2. 3 2. 6 2. 0 •9 .6 . 3 .2 . 1 .4 . . . . . $ 4 .0 0 and o v e r ______________________ 2. 6 0. 4. 3. 6. 5 2 5 8 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1. 95 and and and and and under under under unde r under $ 1 .8 0 ___________ $ 1 .8 5 ___________ $ 1 .9 0 ___________ $ 1 .9 5___________ $ 2 .0 0 ___________ 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 1 1 0 7 5 1. 8 1.7 2. 0 3. 1 2. 3 4. 8 5. 5 2. 3 9 .6 4. 5 2. 0 1.5 1.5 3. 3 2. 2 . 1. 1. 2. 2. 9 0 1 4 4 7. 8. 8. 5. 2. 7 9 4 6 7 4. 3. 4. 18. 7. $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 and and and and and unde r unde r unde r unde r unde r $ 2. 10___________ $ 2 . 2 0___________ $ 2. 3 0___________ $ 2 . 4 0___________ $ 2 .5 0 _________ 7. 7 5. 7 7. 0 6 .6 5. 8 7 .4 5. 3 6. 8 6. 9 5. 9 10. 2 9 .7 8. 8 4. 1 4. 6 7 .4 6. 1 8. 8 6. 5 5. 1 12. 7. 9. 7. 4. 3 4 2 7 1 5. 4. 5. 3. 3. 7 2 3 7 2 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2. 90 and and and and and unde r unde r under under under $ 2 .6 0___________ $ 2. 7 0___________ $ 2. 80----------------$ 2. 90___________ $ 3 .0 0 _ __ 6. 1 6. 1 5. 8 4 .6 4. 3 6. 2 6 .4 6. 0 4. 8 4. 6 5. 5 4. 0 3. 9 2. 2 1.6 7. 0 6. 7 6. 5 5 .4 5. 0 4. 5. 5. 4. 5. 9 5 8 4 1 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3. 30 $ 3. 40 and and and and and under under unde r under under $ $ $ $ $ 4. 3. 2. 2. 1. 5 8 5 0 7 4 .9 4. 0 2. 7 2. 1 1.9 1. 3 1.9 .2 1. 1 .6 4.6 4. 8 2. 8 1.9 1.5 $ 3. 50 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3. 80 $ 3. 90 and and and and and under unde r unde r under under $ 3. 6 0 $ 3 .7 0___________ $ 3. 8 0___________ $ 3. 90 $ 4 . 00___________ 1.6 1. 5 1. 3 .7 .5 1. 8 1.7 1 .4 .8 .6 (3 ) (3 ) . 1 (3 ) (3 ) .8 .5 .4 .2 .2 1. 1 Side leather 0 .4 .9 2. 4 4. 5 0. 2 2. 5 .4 1 .4 (3 ) Great Lakes Sole leather 0. 3 .9 .6 .9 0. 4 2. 8 1.2 1.9 2. 1 Border States ] Side Sole leather leather j Side leathe r $ 1. 60_________________________ and under $ 1 .6 5 _____________ and unde r $ 1. 7 0_____________ and under $ 1. 75_____________ 0 .6 6. 2 2. 2 4. 3 1. 9 ------------------------------- | New | , United States 2 tEngland Under $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 0. 3 2. 1 1. 1 1.6 _ _ Average hourly earnings 1 0. 2 .6 .6 .6 0. 2 2. 5 1 .2 1 .9 $ 4. 00 and over Great Lakes Women $ 1. 6 0 .......................................... and unde r $ 1 .6 5------- -----and unde r $ 1 .7 0___________ and unde r $ 1. 7 5___________ 10___ 20___________ 3 0___________ 40___________ 50___________ By Major Type of Leather (Percent distribution of production w orkers in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents by average straight-tim e hourly earnings, 1 by m ajor type of leather, United States and selected regions, January 1968) Under $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. Earnings Distribution: 3 1 7 5 6 2. 7 . 3 9. 0 3. 5 2. 3 - _ _ _ _ - _ 1 1 9 1 8 3 .4 3. 9 2 .9 1. 3 .8 2. 7 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 8 0 3 9 8 5 1 1 3 1 7 4 5 . 9 .6 1. 0 . 9 1. 3 4. 2 4. 9 3. 8 1 .7 1. 0 7 6 5 2 4 .2 . 1 .2 .7 .4 1. 5 . 5 3. 5 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 - ! " Total_________________________ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Total___________________________ 100. 0 Number of w ork ers_______________ 23, 712 2 1 ,5 1 7 2, 195 7, 512 5 ,2 9 8 2, 214 1, 374 6, 564 Number of w ork ers_________________ 11, 038 2, 988 3, 327 1, 333 5, 035 : $2 .7 1 $2. 28 $2. 53 $2. 05 $2. 91 Average hourly earnings 1 ______ $2. 56 $2. 60 $2. 18 $2. 51 $2. 56 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 L e ss than 0. 05 percent N O TE : Because of rounding, $2. 25 holidays, sums of individual items may not equal 100. $2. 03 $2. 79 Average hourly earnings 1-------------- and late shifts. idays, 1 Excludes premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, h ol and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. N O TE : Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal 100. •Nl Table 4. Occupational Averages: 00 All Establishments (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents, United States and selected regions, January 1968) New England United States 2 Occupation and sex Number of workers Hourly earnings 1 Mean Median Middle range Number of w orkers Middle Atlantic Hourly earnings 1 Mean Median Middle range Number of w orkers Mean Median Hourly earnings 1 Middle range PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS P roces sing B uffers, machine 3 (712 men and 22 w o m e n )----Sm all automatic (227 men and 1 w om an )------Large automatic (345 men and 1 1 women)-----Overshot (79 men and 10 women)__________ ____ C o lo rers, fat liq u orers, or oil-w heel operators (all men) ______________________________ E m b ossin g- or plating-press op erators-------------M e n _______________________________________________ W om e n ____________________________________________ F lesh in g-an d unhairing-m achine operators (all m en)____________________________________________ Fleshing-m achine operators (all m en)----------Unhairing-machine operators (all m e n )--------Combination fleshing- and unhairingmachine operators (all men) ________________ Glazing-m achine operators (154 men and 19 women) --------------------------------------------------------------Graining-machine operators (all men) --------------Haulers (all men) ---------------------------------------------------Liquor men (all men) _____________________________ R olling-m achine operators (231 men and 9 w om en)---------------------------------------------------------------S eason ers, hand -----------------------------------------------------M e n _______________________________________________ W om e n ____________________________________________ Seasoners, machine _______________________________ M e n ______________ _________________________________ W om e n ____________________________________________ S etters-ou t, machine (757 men and 5 women)___ Shaving-machine operators (all m e n )____________ S orters, hide house (all m e n )-------------------------------Splitting-machine operators (470 men and 3 1 women) _________________________________________ Spray-m achine operators _____________ __________ Men __________ ________ ________________________ W o m e n ____________________________________________ Stakers, machine (757 men and 21 w om en)--------T ack ers, togglers, or pasters (1,749 men and 28 w om en)-------------------------------------------------------Tackers (294 men and 6 women) ______________ Togglers (676 men and 6 women)______________ P asters (779 men and 16 women)______________ T r im m e r s, beam or hide house, hand (439 men and 5 women) __________________________ T rim m ers , dry -------------------------------------------------------M e n -----------------------------------------------------------------------W om e n ____________________________________________ See footnotes at end of table. 734 228 356 89 $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 83 85 85 71 $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 82 75 85 80 $ 2. 2. 2. 2. $ 3 3 -3 . 1 0 -3 . 4 0 -3 . 3 3 -3 . 37 66 28 08 312 65 184 60 $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 69 53 69 90 $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 66 50 62 88 $ 2. 1. 2. 2. $ 3 3 -3 . 9 7 -2 . 3 3 -3 . 8 0 -3 . 05 97 04 10 84 19 21 - $ 3. 11 3. 23 3. 12 - $ 3. 10 3. 25 3. 10 - $ $ 2. 8 1 -3 . 33 3. 12-3. 60 3. 10-3. 13 - 685 783 677 106 2. 2. 2. 2. 69 17 50 27 2. 2. 2. 2. 51 46 50 26 2. 2. 2. 1. 2 7 -2 . 1 1 -2 . 1 6 -2 . 9 0 -2 . 95 75 80 59 240 313 284 29 2. 2. 2. 2. 70 38 39 23 2. 2. 2. 2. 50 35 39 24 2. 2. 2. 1. 3 5 -2 . 1 6 -2 . 18 -2 . 6 8 -2 . 98 65 65 57 96 122 120 - 2. 54 2. 55 2. 56 - 2. 34 2. 25 2. 25 - 2. 2 2 -2 . 87 2. 19 -2 . 85 2 .2 2 -2 .8 7 _ 635 372 183 2. 75 2. 79 2. 62 2. 3 2 -3 . 08 2. 3 4 -3 . 15 2. 2 6 -2 . 81 157 130 23 2. 75 2. 78 2. 61 2. 5 0 -3 . 03 2. 5 0 -3 . 05 2. 2 3 -2 . 80 179 96 49 2. 60 2. 64 2. 41 2 .4 8 2. 63 2. 31 2. 2 6 -2 . 96 2. 3 3 -3 . 15 2. 2 6 -2 . 79 80 2. 70 2. 71 2. 60 2. 71 2. 74 2. 68 2. 87 2. 85 2. 3 1 -3 . 12 173 81 984 211 2. 2. 2. 2. 96 50 48 55 2. 75 2. 54 2 .4 3 2. 51 2. 2. 2. 2. 6 2 -2 . 1 6 -2 . 1 4 -2 . 2 2 -2 . 97 80 66 81 37 36 178 59 2. 93 2 .4 1 2. 2 7 2. 50 2. 2. 2. 2. 240 352 201 151 394 277 117 762 528 126 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 38 40 53 23 43 59 08 67 14 49 2. 34 2. 20 2. 36 2. 18 2. 35 2. 65 2. 06 2. 61 3. 10 2.4 3 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 0 4 -2 . 0 2 -2 . 0 5 -2 . 9 9 -2 . 0 9 -2 . 2 1 -2 . 7 5 -2 . 3 0 -2 . 7 5 -3 . 1 3 -2 . 77 66 75 36 78 88 28 99 50 77 100 _ 59 183 155 28 264 142 81 2. 3 5 _ 2. 25 2. 17 2. 54 2. 07 2. 61 2. 89 2. 51 2. 20 1. 99 2. 46 2. 64 1. 99 2. 61 2. 96 2. 53 1. 9 9 -2 . _ 1. 9 9 -2 . 2. i 3—2. 2. 1 6 -2 . 1. 9 9 -2 . 2. 3 5 -2 . 2. 5 4 -3 . 2. 2 2 -2 . 52 78 81 08 85 25 76 501 342 268 74 778 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 80 45 50 27 93 2. 75 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 09 2. 95 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 25 -3 . 10 -2 . 13 -2 . 0 5 -2 . 5 8 -3 . 24 76 79 56 27 158 153 99 54 24 8 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 71 29 37 13 87 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 64 15 25 05 87 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2 0 -3 . 0 5 -2 . 1 0 -2 . 0 0 -2 . 5 9 -3 . 01 60 62 10 11 222 3. 04 3. 05 2. 7 7 -3 . 28 1,777 300 682 795 2. 2. 2. 2. 96 90 98 97 2. 2. 2. 3. 99 71 97 03 2. 2. 2. 2. 6 3 -3 . 4 8 -3 . 6 5 -3 . 6 2 -3 . 27 21 26 31 832 147 322 363 2. 2. 2. 2. 84 75 93 79 2. 2. 2. 2. 87 68 97 96 2 .4 9 -3 . 2. 46—3. 2. 7 9 -3 . 2. 3 7 -3 . 15 11 12 18 281 99 129 53 3. 3. 2. 2. 06 43 91 71 2. 3. 2. 2. 99 03 94 81 2. 2. 2. 2. 6 3 -3 . 9 3 -3 . 6 3 -3 . 4 2 -3 . 26 43 18 17 444 600 346 254 2. 2. 2. 2. 12 52 68 29 2. 2. 2. 2. 61 51 72 18 2. 2. 2. 1. 2 4 -3 . 0 4 -3 . 2 0 -3 . 8 0 -2 . 11 00 14 67 125 246 99 147 2. 73 2 .4 4 2. 73 2. 24 2. 2. 2. 2. 94 40 77 11 2. 2. 2. 1. 14 84 02 62 89 106 80 26 2. 2. 2. 2. 61 35 20 80 2. 2. 2. 2. 57 16 16 69 2. 2. 1. 2. 0 6 -3 . 0 1 -2 . 9 5 -2 . 2 6 -3 . 04 68 25 39 - - - 97 41 21 40 2. 2. 1. 2. 7 5 -2 . 1 4 -2 . 9 9 -2 . 2 2 -2 . 5 2 -3 . 0 3 -2 . 3 5 -3 . 8 0 -2 . 97 69 52 73 65 34 2. 78 2. 96 2. 3 1 -2 . 96 55 292 44 3. 40 2. 46 2. 61 3. 02 2. 24 2. 72 2. 6 3 -1 . 24 _ 2. 0 3 -2 . 78 2. 3 5 -2 . 76 80 67 56 11 35 22 13 172 112 19 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 62 75 93 83 57 81 16 77 42 52 2. 60 2. 67 2. 81 2. 69 2. 81 2. 69 3. 23 2. 24 2. 3 4 -2 . 2. 33 -3 . 2. 4 6 -3 . _ 2. 3 1 -2 . 2. 7 3 -2 . 2. 3 1 -3 . 2. 9 6 -3 . 2. 0 6 -3 . 2. 65 2. 10 2. 10 2. 50 2. 0 6 -2 . 97 _ 63 11 11 - - - 90 23 28 82 89 08 70 00 - Table 4. Occupational Averages: All Establishments— Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w orkers in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents, United States and selected regions, January 1968) Border States Occupation and sex Number of workers Mean Median 34 17 11 _ $ 2. 20 1. 98 2. 71 - $ 2. 10 1. 78 _ 64 32 29 - 2. 33 2. 86 2. 97 - 76 34 22 Great Lakes Southeast Hourly earnings 1 Number of workers Mean Median $ $ 1. 7 0 -2 . 59 1. 6 8 -2 . 10 _ _ 61 28 _ $ 2. 00 1. 97 _ _ $ 1. 92 1. 92 _ _ 2 .4 1 2. 95 2. 95 - 1. 9 9 -2 . 72 2. 0 4 -3 . 42 2. 5 5 -3 . 42 - 46 63 47 - 2. 13 2. 06 2. 1 1 - 2. 49 2. 65 2. 51 2. 54 2. 83 2. 54 1. 9 6 -3 . 05 2. 2 5 -3 . 05 2. 17 -3 . 07 36 17 19 2. 19 2. 15 2. 23 20 2. 22 1. 73 1. 7 0 -2 . 69 25 19 93 36 3. 2. 2. 2. 06 30 29 14 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 105 72 49 23 33 9 24 60 30 7 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 1. 18 07 98 28 11 00 15 30 20 79 2. 04 2. 09 2. 05 2. 20 2. 20 2. 20 2. 38 3. 45 - 17 12 12 _ 45 2. 33 2. 56 2. 56 2. 30 - 3. 26 3. 13 97 13 78 6 3. 1. 3. 2. 15 85 40 76 55 34 _ 28 2. 29 2. 12 _ 2. 10 Middle range Number of w orkers Mean Median $ $ 1. 9 2 -1 . 95 1. 9 2 -1 . 95 _ _ 225 89 109 _ $ 3. 24 3. 45 3. 19 _ $ 3 .4 6 3. 75 3.4 1 _ 2. 05 1. 90 1. 95 - 1. 8 6 -2 . 35 1. 9 0 -2 . 14 1. 9 0 -2 .4 1 _ 205 231 175 56 2. 2. 2. 2. 95 59 64 42 2. 76 2. 59 2. 59 2 .4 9 2. 30 2. 10 2. 34 1. 9 5 -2 . 35 1. 9 5 -2 . 33 2. 1 0 -2 . 35 153 91 50 3. 06 3. 12 3. 00 2. 96 2. 97 2. 98 Hourly earnings 1 Middle range Hourly earnings 1 Middle range PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS P roces sing ! 2 .4 3 -3 .5 6 2. 2 6 -2 . 95 2. 3 3 -3 . 05 2. 1 2 -2 . 69 2. 5 5 -3 . 47 2. 5 5 -3 . 73 2. 6 3 -3 . 36 - - - - - - - 95 54 54 40 64 15 _ 2. 14 2. 24 2. 17 2. 37 _ 2. 0 6 -2 . 30 1. 9 0 -2 . 50 34 12 267 46 2. 2. 2. 2. 48 58 65 93 2. 52 2 .4 3 2. 80 2. 3 3 -2 . 69 _ 2. 4 3 -2 . 66 2. 5o -3 . 31 1. 9 1 -2 . 1. 8 4 -2 . 1. 8 4 -2 . 2. 2 0 -2 . 1. 8 4 -2 . _ 1. 9 0 -2 . 1. 8 9 -2 . 3. 3 0 -3 . - 34 20 12 42 38 24 23 23 _ 53 - 2. 18 2. 30 2. 30 _ 2. 00 _ - 2. 34 _ 2. 05 2. 05 _ 2. 00 - 1. 8 9 -2 . _ _ _ 2. 0 2 -2 . 2. 0 2 -2 . _ 1. 7 5 -2 . _ - 100 47 53 120 68 52 189 213 17 2. 53 2. 77 2. 33 2. 46 2. 79 2. 02 2. 93 3. 20 2. 65 2. 28 2. 65 2. 28 2. 38 2. 74 1. 75 2. 96 3. 19 2. 39 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 18 -2 . 10 -3 . 18 -2 . 0 7 -2 . 3 5 -3 . 7 5 -2 . 5 3 -3 . 9 7 -3 . 1 3 -3 . 77 11 39 89 19 28 34 64 26 2. 05 2. 12 2. 12 _ 1. 88 1. 85 1. 7 3 -2 .4 0 _ 3. 13-3 . 71 31 14 14 _ 36 _ 1. 65 _ 1. 6 5 -2 . 06 207 131 111 20 203 3. 2. 2. 2. 3. 04 63 62 67 03 3. 2. 2. 2. 3. 08 72 72 67 07 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 4 3 -3 . 3 5 -2 . 3 4 -2 . 5 1 -2 . 5 1 -3 . 64 85 85 90 51 3 .4 b 3. 75 - 2. 6 3 -3 . 80 2. 7 9 -3 . 80 - 36 - 2. i 3 _ - 2. 24 - 1. 8 5 -2 . 49 - 481 22 113 34 6 3. 2. 3. 3. 16 67 04 23 3. 2. 3. 3. 17 52 16 28 2. 2. 2. 3. 9 3 -3 . 4 6 -2 . 7 1 -3 . 0 2 -3 . 50 74 28 50 2. 46 2. 05 2. 05 1. 8 5 -2 . 57 1. 8 0 -2 . 41 - 29 21 17 2. 22 1. 99 2. 0 8 2. 34 1. 90 1. 90 1. 9 2 -2 . 37 1. 9 0 -2 . 20 1. 9 0 -2 . 20 140 175 126 49 2. 2. 3. 2. 86 84 03 35 2. 3. 3. 2. 81 12 14 28 2. 2. 2. 1. 4 3 -3 . 5 6 -3 . 9 4 -3 . 8 9 -3 . 51 14 14 02 - - 40 55 50 0 O' - - 7 3 -3 . 8 0 -2 . 8 9 -2 . 8 5 -2 . 78 02 36 95 - rj 1 O 00 ! i $ $ 2. 6 8 -3 . 75 3. 2 2 -3 . 78 2 .6 9 - 3 .6 1 j 1 CO B uffers, machine 3 (712 men and 22 women)____ Sm all automatic (227 men and 1 w om an)------Large automatic (345 men and 11 w om en)----Overshot (79 men and 10 women) ____________ C o lo rers, fat liq u orers, or oil-w h eel operators (all men) ______________________________ E m b ossin g- or p lating-p ress operators -----------M e n _______________________________________________ W o m e n ___________________________________________ Fleshin g- and unhairing-m achine operators (all m en)____________________________________________ Fleshing-m achine operators (all men)----------Unhairing-m achine operators (all m e n )______ Combination fleshin g- and unhairingmachine operators (all men) ________________ Glazing-m achine operators (154 men and 19 women) _________________________________________ Graining-m achine operators (all men) --------------Haulers (all m e n )___________________________________ Liquor men (all m e n )---------------------------------------------R olling-m achine operators (231 men and 9 w om en)----------------------------------------------------------------Seasoners, hand -----------------------------------------------------M e n _______________________________________________ W om e n ___________________________________________ Season ers, machine _________________ :_____________ M e n _______________________________________________ W om e n _________________________ -_________________ S etters-out, machine (757 men and 5 women) . . . Shaving-machine operators (all m e n )___________ S orters, hide house (all m e n )____________________ Splitting-machine operators (470 men and 3 1 women) _________________________________________ Spray-m achine operators -------------------------------------M e n _______________________________________________ W om e n ___________________________________________ Stakers, machine (757 men and 21 w o m e n )------T ack ers, togglers, or pasters (1, 749 men and 28 w om en)____________________________________ Tackers (294 men and 6 w o m e n )_____________ T ogglers (676 men and 6 women)-------------------P asters (779 men and 16 women) ____________ T r im m e r s, beam or hide house, hand (4 3 9 men and 5 women) __________________________ T r im m e r s, dry ____________________________________ M e n _______________________________________________ W o m e n ___________________________________________ " - 36 65 65 16 - See footnotes at end of table. (0 Table 4. Occupational Averages: All Establishments— Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w ork ers in s e le cte d occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents, United States and selected region s, January 1968) United States Occupation and sex Number of w orkers Mean Median 273 386 260 $ 2. 34 2.42 2. 79 $ 2. 35 2. 39 2. 86 New England Hourly earnings 1 Num ber of w ork ers Mean Median $ $ 1. 97-2. 72 2. 05-2. 69 2. 45-3. 06 59 98 123 $ 2. 33 2. 32 2. 82 $ 2. 32 2. 27 2. 76 Middle range M iddle Atlantic H ourly earnings 1 Number of w orkers Mean Median $ $ 1. 90-2. 75 2. 00-2. 60 2. 50-3. 12 78 82 27 $ 2. 36 2.45 2. 52 $ , 2. 35 2.43 2. 37 $ $ 2. 22-2. 56 2. 23-2. 62 2. 35-2. 42 M iddle range H ourly earnings 1 M iddle range PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS— Continued Maintenance F irem en, stationary b o ile r (all m e n )----------------M aintenance m en, general utility (all m e n )------M echanics, maintenance (all m en)--------------------M aterial m ovem ent L a b orers, (816 men L a b orers, (all men) T ru ck ers, m aterial handling, dry work and 4 wom en)________________________ m aterial handling, wet w ork _______________________________________ power (forklift) (all m e n )____________ 820 2. 06 2. 03 1. 80-2. 23 242 2. 12 2. 05 1. 88-2. 35 212 2. 08 2. 06 2. 01-2. 16 555 237 2. 26 2. 51 2. 21 244 79 2. 37 2.46 2. 21 2. 46 2. 17-2.45 2. 10-2. 73 91 16 2. 02 2. 50 2. 01-2. 38 2. 20-2. 75 2. 53 2. 03 2.44 1. 85-2. 19 2. 33-2. 77 169 411 309 2. 59 30 80 96 39 00 00 48 148 92 56 139 124 2. 31 2. 30 2. 55 1. 90 2.59 2. 69 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 33 13 56 94 61 75 2. 15-2.42 1. 90-2. 75 2. 14-2. 88 1. 75-1. 97 2. 28-3. 00 2 .4 0 -3 . 00 1. 98 2.41 2.42 2. 03 2.40 2.42 1. 85-2. 11 2. 18-2. 58 2. 18-2. 58 2. 15 2. 65 2. 67 1. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 37 77 74 425 378 2. 15 2.42 2. 50 1. 97 2. 65 2. 66 78 72 2. 65 2. 64 2. 59 2. 59 2. 38-3. 02 2. 38-2. 86 2. 21 2. 37 2. 40 2. 22 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 82-2. 50 2. 00-2. 70 2. 00-2. 81 2. 00-2. 45 67 28 26 15 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 00 18 14 15 1. 75-2. 50 2. 08-2 .4 1 2. 03-2. 38 1. 95-2. 38 38 18 16 - 2. 10 2.46 2. 53 - 2. 06 2. 25 2.48 * 1. 85-2. 24 2. 06-2. 81 2. 25-2. 82 “ M iscellaneous Janitors (160 men and 9 w om en)------------------------M easuring-m achine o p e r a t o r s ---------------------------M e n ___________________________________________ W omen ____ ______________________________ S orters, finished leather _______________________ M en ------------------------------------------------------------------ 102 2. 12 2.48 93-2. 00-2. 15-2. 90-2. 28-3. 35-3. _ _ - _ OFFICE OCCUPATIONS C lerks, general (192 women and 18 m en)_______ C lerks, p a y r o l l _________________________________ W o m e n ________________________________________ Stenographers, general (all w o m e n )------------------ See footnotes at end of table, 210 100 79 38 13 25 35 16 13 28 27 16 Table 4. Occupational Averages: All Establishments— Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w ork ers in s elected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents, United States and selected region s, January 1968) B order States Occupation and sex Southeast G reat Lakes Number of w orkers Mean Median 47 90 9 $ 2. 05 2. 01 2. 51 $ 1.96 1.99 - $ $ 1. 82-2. 04 1. 90-2. 07 - 146 1. 74 1. 74 1. 66-1. 80 30 1. 84 1. 90 1. 84-1. 90 185 2. 24 2. 21 1. 98-2. 30 18 15 1. 73 2. 07 1. 70 1. 89 1. 70-1. 82 1. 76-2. 22 28 9 1. 83 1. 97 1. 90 - 1. 70-1. 90 - 174 94 2. 36 2. 62 2. 33 2. 54 2. 01-2. 40 2. 4 3-2. 75 _ 1. 87-2. 11 14 19 19 _ 26 24 1. 86 1. 90 1. 90 _ 2. 20 2. 24 _ 1. 90 1. 90 _ 2. 24 2. 28 _ 1. 85-1. 1. 85-1. _ 2. 02-2. 2. 02-2. 55 132 98 34 35 35 121 2. 23 2. 81 2. 94 2.45 2. 91 2. 92 2. 27 2. 60 3. 02 2.47 2. 86 2. 85 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 17 - 1. 96 - 1. 90 - 1. 80-2. 17 _ - 56 26 24 2.48 2. 50 9 2. 39 - 2. 10-2. 63 2. 26-2. 83 2. 23-2. 75 - 2. 44 2. 51 2.47 2. 24 Hourly earnings 1 Middle range H ourly earnings 1 Num ber of w ork ers Mean Median 24 24 $ 1. 99 2. 16 $ 1. 96 _ 2. 15 Middle range Number of w orkers H ourly earnings 1 Mean Median Middle range PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS— Continued Maintenance F irem en, stationary bo ile r (all men) __________ Maintenance m en, general utility (all m e n )----- „ M echanics, maintenance (all men) --------------- -— $ $ 1. 91-2. 10 2. 12-2. 2 1 $ 65 75 77 2. 66 2. 86 3. 06 $ 2. 74 2. 88 3. 00 $ $ 2. 47-3. 00 2. 46-3. 23 2. 87-3. 15 M aterial m ovem ent L a b orers, m aterial handling, dry work (816 men and 4 women) __________ ___________ L a b orers, m aterial handling, wet w ork (all m e n ) __ ___________________________________ T ru ck ers, power (forklift) (all m e n )___________ M iscellaneous Janitors (160 men and 9 women) -----------------------M easuring-m achine op erators _________________ M en ____ ____________________________________ Women ___ _______________________ _________ S orters, finished le a th e r------------------------- -------M en ____ ____________________________________ 14 23 14 9 55 55 1. 73 _ 2. 20 2. 00 1. 2. 2. 2. 97 56 36 36 2. 20 2. 20 _ 1. 87-2. 50 1. 87-2. 50 1. 94 - 1. 83 1. 68-2. 11 - 90 90 97 18-2. 35-3. 36-3, 27-2. 66-3. 73-3. 30 17 52 59 14 14 OFFICE OCCUPATIONS C lerk s, general (192 women and 18 men) --------C lerks, p a y r o l l _________________________________ W om en _______________________________________ Stenographers, general (all w o m e n )___________ 20 - - - - ‘ 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. in a region. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes w orkers in cla ssification s in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication cr ite r ia . “ " M edians and middle ranges are om itted for occupations that had fewer than 15 em ployees Table 5. Occupational Averages: By Size of Establishment 10 (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of men in selected occupations m leather tannin< and finishing es t a b l is h m e n t s by siz e of est a bl is hm e nt , United States and selected regions, January 1968) Border States Middle Atlantic New England Southeast Establishm ents having— 100 workers or more A verNum ber age hourly of earn w ork ers ings 20-99 workers Num A v erage ber hourly of work earn ers ings 100 workers or more A ver Num ber age of hourly w ork earn ings ers 2. 83 61 2. 93 2. 37 29 46 116 2. 68 50 2. 74 2. 17 1 .9 3 113 16 91 2. 07 9 2. 24 23 80 56 67 94 95 91 29 62 57 109 91 11 90 82 134 595 130 2. 66 2. 60 2. 18 74 - 2. 00 - 23 104 45 2. 61 2. 45 2. 31 256 2. 06 560 2. 06 72 2. 01 166 235 49 2. 24 2. 40 320 162 2. 27 2. 60 126 13 2. 36 2. 17 118 46 121 31 33 235 169 195 265 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 56 70 39 56 80 58 83 265 229 244 522 359 275 492 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 35 80 61 72 29 04 02 40 24 102 58 92 65 2. 46 2. 39 2. 51 2. 80 2. 58 2. 76 58 117 131 162 84 62 183 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 607 154 229 2 24 2. 2. 2. 2. 75 59 85 75 1, 142 140 447 555 3. 3. 3. 3. 09 31 04 07 336 79 67 190 2. 2. 3. 2. 487 68 253 166 2. 3. 2. 2. 3. 04 2. 68 91 56 69 2. 56 26 2. 19 55 2. 53 98 3. 36 32 2. 66 11 2. 16 40 2. 59 51 3. 54 2. 92 2. 10 22 92 10 2. 51 2. 29 1 .7 2 15 11 2. 22 1.9 3 15 34 - 2. 38 2. 22 - 35 47 3. 27 2. 25 121 2. 09 141 1. 74 27 1. 84 - 105 2. 36 91 35 2. 02 2. 70 18 35 1. 73 2. 14 10 2. 22 12 2. 55 77 34 2. 62 3. 07 2. 43 2. 63 2. 97 3. 09 53 20 22 105 55 46 113 2. 46 2. 51 2 .8 1 2. 84 3. 90 2. 69 2. 98 84 57 26 13 39 2. 00 2. 30 3. 30 2. 42 3. 34 23 37 13 - 2. 30 2. 00 2. 29 - 29 11 34 29 42 41 2. 66 2. 78 2. 71 2. 50 2. 78 2. 94 46 66 62 155 184 138 141 2. 3. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 105 _ 45 16 2. 73 2. 66 2. 56 172 55 84 - 3. 29 3. 89 3. 05 - 74 59 - 3. 35 3. 62 - - 101 67 - 2. 86 374 45 323 3. 25 3. 14 3. 27 53 2. 42 2. 90 2. 30 47 2. 25 17 49 2. 33 91 121 3. 15 3. 07 2. 37 2. 59 2o 50 2. 29 1. 95 32 43 2. 79 2. 78 2. 17 2. 83 2. 82 2. 83 3. 16 139 46 179 18 2. 78 96 287 227 146 2. 06 2. 36 2 .4 6 123 2. 63 2. 51 2. 43 36 19 2. 54 2. 63 34 152 119 59 2. 10 2. 01 63 34 75 44 03 78 2. 18 45 20 46 2. 82 2. 91 49 389 30 31 2. 97 2. 06 50 50 240 2. 56 2. 35 45 2. 30 - 432 2. 60 132 201 81 97 2. 29 180 45 203 $2 . 32 - 51 186 2. 29 - 448 207 19 - 70 - 2. 47 104 - 482 2. 28 2. 33 2. 91 2. 78 and late shifts. Das hes ind icate no data re p o r t e d o r data that do not m ee t publication c r it e r ia . 100 w orkers or more Num A ver age ber of hourly w orkearn ings $2 . 06 1. 97 - 2 .4 5 2. 30 54 2. 62 2. 34 2. 42 229 66 100 worlcers | 20-99 or in ore wo rke r s A v e r •Num Num A ver ber age ber age hourly of of hourly ea rn w ork w ork earn ings ers ers ings 50 28 - 2. 76 2. 80 203 1 E x cl u d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t i m e and for w ork on weeke nd s, hol idays, 2 Inclu des data fo r re g i o n s in addition to tho se shown sep ar ate ly. 3 Inclu des w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n in addition to those shown sep arately. NO TE : $ 2 . 24 2. 00 2. 96 $ 3 . 10 3. 14 3. 11 $2 . 79 2. 80 2 .7 6 $ 2 .9 4 2. 99 2. 95 100 wo rke rs or m ore A ver Num age ber hourly of ea rn w ork ers ings 30 16 9 52 8 19 173 26 98 509 159 248 100 workers or m ore A verN um ber age hourly of w ork ea rn ers ing s $ 3 . 11 3. 30 - $2. 57 2. 61 $ 2 . 63 2. 51 2. 62 2 0 -9 9 w orkers Num A ver be r age of hourly ea rn w ork ings ers 32 11 - 132 80 203 68 97 o ____ B u ffers, machine 3 _______ Sm all a u to m a tic ...................... Large automatic __ . . . . . C o lo r e r s, fat liq u orers, or oil-w heel operators ---- -----E m b ossin g- or p lating-p ress operator s ______________ _ ___ F irem en , stationary b o ile r ____ F lesh in g- and ur.ha >’ m g machine o p e r a t o r s 3_______ ._ Fie shing-m achine o p e r a t o r s ______ . . . . _____ Unhairing-m achine operators __________________ Haulers ______ __________________ J a n it o r s ________ ___________ L ab ore rs, m aterial handling, dry work _______ ____ L ab ore rs, m aterial handling, wet w o r k ___________ Liquor men _________________ Maintenance m en, general utility __________________________ M echanics, maintenance ______ S eason ers, m a c h in e ______ ___ S ette rs-ou t, machine __________ Shaving-m achine o p e r a to r s____ Splitting-machine o p e r a to r s ___ Stakers, machine ________ ____ T ack ers, togglers, or p asters _. . ............... Tackers ________ _ . . . . _ Togglers _. _ __________ P asters ._ . . . ___ ______ T r im m e r s, beam or hide house, hand _ ____ . .... ___ T r im m e r s, dry . . . . 20 -9 9 workers Num A ver ber age of hourly w ork ea rn ers ings IV Occupation 36 26 - 2. 08 - 'y u - $ 3. 35 3. 58 3. 27 99 11 84 97 31 31 16 T a b le 6. O c c u p a tio n a l A verages: By Size o f C o m m u n ity (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of men in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan a r e a s, United States and selected regions, January 1968) United States 2 Occupation B uffers, m ach in e3 ------------------------Sm all au tom atic------------------------Large autom atic------------------------C o lo r er s, fat liq u orers, or o ilwheel o p e r a to r s ---------------------------E m b ossin g- or p latin g-p ress operators -------------------------------------F irem en , stationary b o ile r ---------Flesh in g- and unhairing-m achine operators 3 -----------------------------------Fleshing-m achine operators — Unhairing-m achine o p e r a to r s---------------------------------H a u le r s --------------------------------------------J anitors--------------------------------------------L a b o re rs, m aterial handling, dry work ---------------------------------------L a b o re rs, m aterial handling, wet work ---------------------------------------Liquor m e n -------------------------------------Maintenance m en, general utility --------------------------------------------M echanics, maintenance -------------Season ers, machine ---------------------S ette rs-ou t, m a c h in e--------------------Shaving-machine o p e r a to r s ---------Splitting-machine operators --------Stakers, m a c h in e---------------------------T ack ers, togglers, or p a s te r s ----Tackers -------------------------------------T o g g le r s -------------------------------------P a s t e r s ---------------------------------------T r im m e r s , beam or hide house. hand -----------------------------------------------T r im m e r s , dry ------------------------------ Metropolitan areas NumA verber age of hourly earnworkers _ ing-s 413 146 176 $ 2 . 92 2. 88 3. 00 299 81 169 $2. 75 2. 78 2. 71 Metropolitan areas Num A verber age of hourly workearn ers ings 171 79 Nonmetropolitan areas A ver Num ber age hourly of w ork earn ers ings $ 2 . 72 2. 80 134 27 99 $ 2 . 66 2. 73 2. 61 Metropolitan areas A ver Num ber age of hourly earn w ork ers ings 39 14 - $ 3 . 14 3. 33 - Nonmetiropolitan areas Num A ver ber age hourly of earn work ers ings 45 - $ 3 .0 8 B order States Southeast Great Lakes Nonmetropolitan areas Num A ver ber age of hourly w ork earn ers ings Nonmetropolitan areas A ver N um ber age hourly of w ork earn ers ings Metropolitan areas Num A ver ber age of hourly work earn ers ings - 19 9 * 2 . 03 2. 19 - - - - _ 164 68 73 $ 3 . 20 3. 35 3. 17 424 2. 78 261 2. 53 141 2. 84 99 2. 50 56 2. 51 40 2. 59 37 2. 14 20 $ 2 . 45 153 3. 00 437 123 2. 51 2. 56 240 150 2. 48 2. 16 166 20 2. 45 2. 80 118 39 2. 30 2. 09 95 24 2. 47 2. 51 25 54 2. 90 2. 29 30 1 .9 0 33 17 2. 19 2. 04 124 55 2. 55 2. 65 326 198 2. 87 2. 86 309 174 2. 62 2. 70 106 87 2. 75 2. 79 51 43 2. 75 2. 75 32 19 2. 94 3. 04 147 77 2. 53 2. 55 42 14 2. 29 2. 22 28 12 2. 26 2. 23 112 63 2. 96 2. 96 85 470 109 2.7 9 2. 62 2. 19 98 514 51 2. 48 2. 34 2. 01 15 83 38 2. 54 2. 46 2. 40 95 8 2. 09 1 .8 7 42 21 2. 75 1 .9 6 47 250 13 2. 41 2. 41 2. 09 14 87 - 2. 22 2. 27 - 16 _ 11 2. 29 _ 1 .9 0 37 245 39 2. 98 2. 61 2. 25 2. 07 100 2. 09 115 1. 75 10 1. 89 157 2. 22 33 40 2. 14 2. 61 18 27 1 .7 3 2. 05 10 2. 43 158 38 2. 31 2 .9 9 59 20 123 46 39 177 157 60 72 - 2. 40 2. 45 2. 62 2. 96 2. 44 3. 07 2. 96 3. 06 2 .9 2 - 57 38 9 - 2. 00 2. 17 2. 09 - 30 19 _ _ 2. 09 2. 10 _ 49 70 37 159 193 146 132 350 22 87 241 2. 3. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 67 20 2. 54 2. 56 33 2. 24 111 106 2. 88 2. 98 470 2. 17 346 1.91 145 2. 32 93 1 .8 0 112 413 96 2. 27 2. 73 142 115 2. 21 2. 40 185 31 2. 37 2. 65 59 28 2. 35 2. 33 - 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 2. 3. 2. 3. 3. 57 98 60 75 26 99 99 03 94 04 06 206 102 159 297 140 165 328 624 107 211 306 2. 29 2. 49 2. 58 2. 55 2. 79 2. 59 2. 90 2. 86 2. 90 2. 85 2. 86 57 73 60 194 79 93 185 525 110 212 20 3 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 51 97 62 66 09 76 90 92 69 99 97 41 50 95 70 63 61 63 298 37 108 153 20 06 2. 60 2. 48 2. 47 2. 63 2. 68 2. 77 2. 71 2. 93 2 . 81 2. 58 23 7 _ 66 24 45 120 39 57 24 2. 55 2. 74 3. 16 3. 75 2 .9 9 2. 92 3. 22 4. 01 2. 90 2. 71 2. 86 2. 68 207 104 2. 55 2. 69 68 58 3. 15 2. 78 55 41 2. 68 2. 66 22 60 2. 83 2. 08 180 158 118 460 388 305 429 1 ,1 2 5 187 465 473 232 242 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes w orkers in classification in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Middle Atlantic New England Nonmetropolitan areas NumA v erber age hourly of w orkearners ings Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. 44 - “ " _ _ " - 91 06 57 89 21 25 09 14 67 10 20 T a b ic 7. O c cu p a tio n a l A vera ges: By L a b o r-M a n a ge m e n t C o n tra ct C o v e r a g e (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of men in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents by labor-m anagement contract coverage, United States and selected regions, January 1968) United States 2 New England Middle Atlantic Border States Great Lakes M ajority covered Number Average of hourly w orkers earnings M ajority covered Number A verage of hourly workers earnings M ajority covered Number Average of hourly w orkers earnings Establishm ents having— Occupation B u ffe rs, machine 3 --------------------------------------------------------Sm all au tom atic--------------------------------------------------------Large automatic -------------------------------------------------------C o lo r e r s, fat liq u orers, or oil-w heel o p e r a to r s----E m b ossin g- or p latin g-p ress operators ------------------F irem en , stationary b o ile r -----------------------------------------F lesh in g- and unhairing-m achine operators 3 ---------Fleshing-m achine operators ---------------------------------Unhairing-m achine o p e r a to r s --------------------------------H a u le r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Janitors ---------------------------------------------------------------------------L ab ore rs, m aterial handling, dry work ------------------L ab ore rs, m aterial handling, wet w o r k ------------------Liquor men --------------------------------------------------------------------Maintenance m en, general utility -----------------------------M echanics, maintenance ----------------------------------------------S eason ers, machine ------------------------------------------------------S ette rs-ou t, m a c h in e ----------------------------------------------------Shaving-m achine o p e r a to r s ------------------------------------------Splitting-machine o p e r a t o r s ----------------------------------------Stakers, m a c h in e-----------------------------------------------------------T ack ers, to g g lers, or p asters -----------------------------------Tackers ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------P a s t e r s -----------------------------------------------------------------------T r im m e r s, beam or hide house, hand ---------------------T r im m e r s, d r y --------------------------------------------------------------- Majority covered Number Average hourly of workers earnings 399 99 194 438 325 205 449 260 133 683 122 646 455 135 276 195 163 526 322 254 495 1 .1 19 195 461 463 320 191 $3 . 3. 3. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. 00 04 04 77 71 33 78 84 59 54 18 08 26 60 43 77 70 76 21 94 03 01 01 96 06 76 66 None or minority covered Number Average of hourly workers earnings 313 128 151 247 352 68 186 112 50 301 38 170 100 76 110 65 114 231 206 216 262 630 99 215 316 119 155 M ajority covered Number A verage hourly of w orkers earnings $ 2 . 67 2. 70 2. 63 2. 53 2. 31 2. 38 2. 67 2. 66 2. 71 2. 33 2. 00 1 . 99 2. 26 2. 48 2. 39 2. 85 2. 43 2. 47 3. 02 2. 75 2. 82 2. 89 2. 77 3. 01 2. 86 2. 58 2. 71 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes w orkers in classifica tion in addition to those shown separately. NO TE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. 141 19 79 142 89 28 98 84 14 104 31 131 183 29 44 87 74 153 81 65 152 413 60 202 151 79 83 $ 2 . 90 3 .0 3 2 .8 8 2. 86 2. 60 2. 57 2 .7 5 2. 80 2 .4 4 2 .4 6 2. 44 2. 30 2. 37 2. 81 2. 42 2. 88 2. 63 2. 72 3. 11 3. 10 2 .9 5 2 .9 1 2. 61 2.9 1 3. 02 3 .0 0 2. 70 None or m inority covered Number A verage hourly of w orkers earnings 164 45 99 98 195 31 59 46 _ 74 15 107 61 30 54 36 81 111 61 89 96 410 87 118 205 44 16 $ 2 . 51 2. 30 2. 54 2 .4 5 2. 30 2. 11 2. 76 2. 74 _ 1 .9 9 2 .0 3 1 .9 0 2. 34 2. 20 2. 24 2. 66 2. 46 2. 47 2. 59 2. 46 2. 74 2. 78 2. 85 2 .9 7 2. 64 2. 84 2. 94 84 19 21 82 70' 77 166 85 47 259 33 202 90 41 73 27 22 152 107 63 192 268 99 120 49 83 45 $3 . 3. 3. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 2. 2. 2. 2. 11 23 12 59 83 36 63 70 41 51 00 08 01 63 45 52 81 82 47 65 06 11 43 98 78 63 36 21 - 34 11 35 44 19 13 86 8 133 _ 23 67 _ 9 42 _ _ _ 37 _ 22 _ 42 $2 . 03 - 2. 15 2. 57 1 .9 3 2. 26 2. 36 2. 15 2. 29 1 .7 8 1 .7 5 _ 2. 03 1 .9 9 _ 2. 00 2. 23 _ _ _ 2. 73 _ 3. 04 _ 2. 19 122 35 73 130 124 45 103 61 42 87 42 164 162 25 56 57 48 126 106 90 127 352 $3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 27 48 25 04 78 57 25 35 10 86 25 18 32 85 82 96 89 00 12 10 14 15 101 235 83 37 3. 3. 3. 3. 11 20 14 00 _ _ T a b le 8. O ccu p a tion al A v e ra g e s: B y L a b or-M a n a gem en t C o n tra ct C o v e ra g e and Size o f E stablishm ent (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of men in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents by labor-m anagem ent contract coverage and size of establishm ent, United States and selected regions, January 1968) United States 2 New England Middle Atlantic Great Lakes M ajority covered Number Average of hourly w orkers earnings Majority covered Number Average of hourly workers earnings E stablishm ents havingOccupation and size of establishment B uffers, machine: 3 2 0 -9 9 w orkers -------------------------------------------------100 w orkers or m ore — r-------------------------------Large automatic: 20—99 w orkers -------------------------------------------------100 w orkers or m o r e -------------------------------------C o lo rers, fat liq u orers, or oil-w heel operators: 20—99 w orkers -------------------------------------------------100 w orkers or m o r e -------------------------------------E m b ossin g- or p latin g-p ress operators: 20—99 w orkers -------------------------------------------------100 workers or m o r e -------------------------------------F leshin g- and unhairing-m achine operators: 20—99 w orkers -------------------------------------------------100 workers or m o r e -------------------------------------H au lers: 2 0 -9 9 w orkers -------------------------------------------------100 workers or m o r e -------------------------------------L ab ore rs, m aterial handling, dry work: 20—99 w orkers -------------------------------------------------100 workers or m o r e -------------------------------------M echanics, maintenance: 100 w orkers or m o r e -------------------------------------Season ers, machine: 100 w orkers or m o r e -------------------------------------S ette rs-ou t, machine: 20—99 w orkers -------------------------------------------------100 workers or m o r e -------------------------------------Shaving-machine operators: 2 0 -9 9 workers -------------------------------------------------100 w orkers or m o r e -------------------------------------S tak ers, machine: 20—w o r k e r s------------------------------------------------------100 workers or m o r e -------------------------------------T ack ers, to g g lers, or p aste rs: 20—99 workers -------------------------------------------------100 w orkers or m o r e -------------------------------------T ogglers: 20—99 w orkers -------------------------------------------------100 w orkers or m o r e -------------------------------------P a s te r s : 20—99 w orkers -------------------------------------------------100 w orkers or m o r e -------------------------------------T r im m e r s, beam or hide house, hand: 20 -9 9 w orkers -------------------------------------------------100 w orkers or m o r e -------------------------------------- Majority covered Number Average hourly of workers earnings None or m inority covered Number A verage hourly of earnings workers None or minority covered Number Average of hourly workers earnings 32 52 115 284 $ 2 .9 2 3. 03 88 225 $ 2 . 25 2. 83 57 84 $ 2 .9 3 2. 88 75 89 $ 2 . 29 2. 70 53 141 2. 87 3. 10 44 107 2. 31 2. 76 38 41 2. 90 2. 87 42 57 2. 35 2. 68 19 3. 11 66 122 316 2. 44 2. 90 81 166 2. 38 2. 61 26 116 2 .4 5 2. 96 28 70 2. 49 2. 44 40 42 2. 30 2. 87 94 72 253 2. 45 2. 79 157 195 2. 21 2. 39 25 64 2. 40 2. 68 79 116 2. 26 2. 32 23 47 2. 55 2. 97 107 125 324 2. 74 2. 79 78 108 2. 38 2. 89 21 77 2. 81 2. 73 13 46 2. 33 2. 88 55 111 2. 50 2. 70 70 308 375 2. 40 2. 65 81 - 1 .8 7 " 32 72 2. 33 2. 52 _ _ “ " 147 112 2. 20 2 .9 2 215 431 2. 08 2 .0 8 41 129 1 .9 2 2.0 1 53 78 2. 06 2. 47 19 88 1 .8 7 1 .9 0 82 120 2 .0 8 2 .0 8 _ $ 3 . 11 3. 10 _ 112 _ _ _ _ _ $ 3 . 33 _ 3. 31 _ 3. 25 _ 2. 86 _ 3. 53 _ “ _ 92 _ 2. 27 169 2. 78 60 2. 86 84 2. 87 33 2. 62 20 2. 51 46 3.0 1 148 2. 72 96 2. 45 68 2. 62 63 2. 50 22 2. 81 42 2 .9 7 145 381 2. 72 2. 77 90 141 2. 30 2. 58 39 114 2. 74 2. 71 63 48 2. 37 2. 59 56 96 2. 69 2 .9 0 102 125 197 2. 94 3. 39 44 162 2. 42 3. 18 32 49 3 .0 8 3. 13 26 35 2. 46 2. 68 55 52 3 .0 2 3 .9 6 81 180 315 3. 05 3.0 1 85 177 2. 37 3. 03 40 112 3. 08 2. 90 71 2. 92 93 99 3 .0 7 3.0 5 90 365 754 2. 89 3 .0 8 242 388 2. 54 3. 12 147 266 2. 94 2. 89 189 221 2. 60 2 .9 2 96 172 2. 79 3. 29 259 168 293 3. 00 2. 94 61 154 2. 43 3. 23 55 147 3. 09 2. 84 12 106 2. 72 3. 00 36 84 2. 81 3 .0 5 42 96 367 2. 85 3. 12 128 188 2. 68 2. 98 62 89 2. 98 3. 05 128 77 2. 68 2. 56 16 2. 56 122 198 2. 63 2. 84 30 89 2.0 1 2. 78 31 48 3 .0 3 2 .9 8 43 1 Excludes premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes w orkers in classification in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: M ajority covered Number Average hourly of earnings w orkers Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication criteria. _ _ _ _ 2. 82 53 30 2 .4 2 3.0 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 _ 56 _ 3 .0 5 _ 3. 28 _ 3. 19 _ 3. 22 _ 3 .0 9 _ 3. 24 _ 3. 37 T a b le 9. O ccu p a tio n al A vera g es: By L a b o r-M a n a ge m e n t C o n tr a c t C overa ge and Size o f C o m m u n ity 0 (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of men in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents by labor-m anagem ent contract coverage and size of com m unity, United States and selected region s, January 1968) New England United States M iddle Atlantic Great Lakes M ajority covered Number A verage of hourly earnings w ork ers M ajority covered Number Average of hourly earnings w orkers Establishm ents having— Occupation and size of community B u ffers, m achine : 3 M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------Large automatic: M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------C o lo r e r s , fat liq u o re rs, or o il-w h e e l op erators: M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------Nonm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------E m bossin g- or plating-press operators: M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------Nonm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------F leshing- and unhairing-m achine operators: M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------Nonm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------H aulers: M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------L a b ore rs , m aterial handling, dry work: M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------M echanics, maintenance: M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------Season ers, m achine: M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------S etters-ou t, machine: M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------Shaving-m achine operators: M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------Stake r s , m achine: M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------T a ck ers, to g g le rs, and pasters: 3 M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------T ogg lers: M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------Nonm etropolitan a r e a s -----------------------------------P a sters: M etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------------Nonmetropolitan areas -------------------------------------- M ajority covered Average Number hourly of w orkers earnings None or m inority covered Average Number hourly of earnings w orkers M ajority covered Number Average hourly of earnings w ork ers 236 163 $2.97 3.04 177 136 $2. 87 2. 41 102 39 $ 2 . 96 2. 74 69 95 $2. 36 2 . 62 39 45 113 81 3.07 2.99 63 2 . 88 2. 45 52 27 2 . 98 2 . 69 27 72 2. 45 2. 57 _ _ 88 - - 271 167 2 . 89 2. 58 153 94 2 . 59 2. 44 110 2.95 2. 58 67 2. 46 44 38 196 129 2. 72 2. 70 241 2. 35 2. 23 68 111 - 2. 65 - 98 97 2. 32 2. 27 206 243 2. 94 2. 65 120 66 2. 76 2. 51 79 19 2. 77 2. 64 32 279 404 2 . 69 2. 44 110 1 .9 8 75 29 2. 46 2.47 66 1.93 407 239 2. 15 1.96 63 107 2.29 1.81 118 13 2. 33 27 80 2. 27 1.77 118 77 2.97 2.45 40 25 2 . 61 27 2. 57 23 75 2. 71 2 . 68 43 71 2 . 39 42 - 2. 75 - _ _ 88 63 2. 50 - - 294 232 2. 87 2 . 61 166 65 2. 53 2. 32 122 2 . 80 72 39 2. 43 2. 53 35 117 232 90 3. 30 2.99 156 50 3. 21 2. 43 62 19 3. 18 2 . 90 17 44 2.79 2. 51 256 239 3.03 3. 02 173 89 2. 94 2. 58 134 3.00 " 45 2 . 86 749 370 3. 02 2.99 376 254 3.05 2. 67 351 62 2.95 2. 65 174 236 2 . 86 2. 72 348 113 2.98 117 98 3. 19 2 . 79 178 - 2 .9 6 2.9 0 272 191 3. 07 3.06 115 3.05 2. 52 113 38 3. 12 2.75 115 163 157 2.9 8 69 50 2. 58 2.59 61 3. 19 2. 35 37 _ 201 _ 3.01 2. 44 32 _ - 2 .0 0 _ - - T r im m e r s , beam or hide house, hand: Metropolitan areas -------------------------------------------- N onm etropolitan a r e a s ------------------------------------ 1 2 3 2. 53 Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Includes w orkers in cla ssifica tio n in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: None o r m in ority covered Number A verage hourly of earnings w ork ers Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication c rite ria . 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 _ _ _ _ 2 . 81 _ _ 2. 63 _ _ _ $3. 14 3. 08 70 - $ 3 .0 6 - 42 - 3. 14 - 2. 64 2. 54 90 3.09 - 45 25 2 . 80 2 . 90 73 2. 72 - 27 139 3.05 2. 55 74 3.05 - 41 218 2. 76 2. 47 69 - 2. 74 - 111 2.06 2 . 10 144 - 2. 14 - 2. 74 2. 45 50 - 2. 95 - 17 ' 2 . 59 3. 38 2. 65 96 2.96 61 46 3. 8 6 2.96 90 - 3.07 - 31 161 3. 10 3.05 81 - 3.06 - 115 153 3. 29 235 2 . 98 3.06 - 3.01 2. 95 84 3. 07 - 91 7 20 52 - 2 . 89 68 _ 24 2. 52 - 2. 71 - 135 “ 3.09 - 16 67 2.99 2. 54 66 3. 06 _ 2. 85 ) Table 10. Occupational Averages: By Major Type o f Leather (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of men in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents by major type of leather, United States and selected regions, January 1968) U n ite d S ta te s 2 O c c u p a tio n B u f f e r s , m a c h i n e 3________________________________________ S m a l l a u t o m a t i c _______________________________________ L a r g e a u t o m a t i c _______________________________________ C o l o r e r s , fa t l i q u o r e r s , o r o il - w h e e l o p e r a t o r s __________________________________________________ E m b o s s i n g - o r p l a t i n g - p r e s s o p e r a t o r s ________ F i r e m e n , s t a t i o n a r y b o i l e r ___________________________ F l e s h i n g - a n d u n h a i r i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 3 __ F l e s h i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ____________________ U n h a ir in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ......................... H a u l e r s ___________________ __________________ _________________ J a n i t o r s ___________________________ ________ __________________ L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g , d r y w o r k ________ L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g , w e t w o r k ________ ................ __ _ L iq u o r m e n M a i n t e n a n c e m e n , g e n e r a l u t i l i t y __________________ M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e ______________________________ S eason ers, m a c h i n e _____________________________________ S e t t e r s - o u t , m a c h i n e ........... ................................. ............... .. S h a v i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s __________________________ S p lit tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s _ . . ______ _ S t a k e r s , m a c h i n e ___________________________ _______ _____ T a c k e r s , t o g g l e r s , o r p a s t e r s _____________________ T ack ers ______ _____ ____________________________ ________ T o g g l e r s ________________________ _______ _________________ P a ste rs ________________________________________________ T r i m m e r s , b e a m o r h i d e h o u s e , h a n d _________ T r im m e r s , d ry . . . ............... N e w E n g la n d S id e le a t h e r S o le N um ber of A verage h o u r ly w orkers e a r n in g s y G reat L akes le a t h e r S id e le a t h e r A verage h o u r ly N um ber of A verage h o u r ly N um ber of A verage h o u r ly N um ber of A verage h o u r ly w ork er s e a r n in g s w orkers e a r n in g s w orkers e a r n in g s 2 . 90 57 2. 50 2 . 51 3. 09 3. 10 2 . 89 2. 67 2 . 18 2 . 16 2. 45 2 . 79 2. 63 2. 93 2 . 62 78 118 40 48 213 18 158 32 57 109 37 2.8 8 90 24 14 $ 2 . 00 1.96 - _ 2. 37 2.42 2c 13 2.46 2 . 38 2 . 39 2. 31 1.96 1. 85 2 . 02 2. 27 2. 13 2. 23 12 - - 2. 40 - - 2.45 20 - _ _ - - 2. 34 66 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes w orkers in classification in addition to those shown separately. NO TE : S o le e a r n in g s 321 368 117 244 148 74 429 76 296 281 80 165 168 227 308 299 328 929 29 372 528 225 224 B o r d e r S ta tes le a th e r N um ber of $ 2 . 96 3. 07 2 . 90 261 S id e w ork ers 410 147 242 3. 13 3. 16 3. 00 3. 04 2. 97 3. 01 3. 06 2 . 96 2 . 88 le a t h e r and late shifts. Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication crite ria . 148 27 119 $2. 72 2. 73 2. 73 19 108 173 47 69 56 13 78 17 146 168 32 56 104 133 2. 78 2. 34 2. 35 2 . 88 2 . 96 2. 55 2. 50 2. 15 2. 03 2.41 2. 64 2 . 26 2 . 86 2. 57 2. 70 2 . 96 2.96 2 . 91 2. 91 33 110 88 75 119 394 - _ 204 182 95 71 2. 2. 2. 2. 98 78 96 78 _ _ _ 34 45 14 16 80 _ 112 - 30 76 - 41 - 39 $1.87 - 2 . 18 - 1. 89 2 . 26 2. 14 2. 23 2 . 22 _ 1. 73 - 2. 04 1. 97 - 2. 15. - 2. 13 192 85 89 $3. 33 3. 48 3. 28 161 134 57 125 76 37 251 46 99 3. 05 2. 72 2. 71 3. 21 3. 26 3. 19 2. 65 2. 27 2.42 2 . 59 2 . 99 2.91 3. 09 2 . 80 3. 03 3. 27 3. 31 3. 15 3. 24 102 33 68 59 62 156 172 148 159 412 - - 112 3. 20 3. 26 3. 02 119 3. 05 88 314 Table 11. Occupational Averages: 00 By Method o f Wage Payment (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of men in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents by method of wage payment, United States and selected regions, January 1968) U n ite d S ta te s 2 T im e w orkers O c c u p a tio n N ew E n g la n d In c e n tiv e T im e - w orkers N um ber A verage N um ber of w ork er s h o u r ly earn in g s of w orker s A verage h o u r ly earn in g s w ork ers N um ber of w orkers A verage h o u r ly earn in g s N um ber of w orkers B o r d e r S ta te s M id d le A t la n t ic I n c e n t iv e w ork ers T im e w ork er s A ver age h o u r ly Num ber of A ver age earn in g s w ork ers earn - h o u r ly in g s T im e w ork ers I n c e n t iv e w orkers N um ber of w ork ers A v er age h o u r ly earn in g s N um ber of w ork A ver age h o u r ly G reat L akes I n c e n tiv e T im e - w ork ers N um ber er s earn in g s of w ork ers A v er age h o u r ly earn in g s w orkers N um ber of w ork ers A ver I n c e n t iv e w ork ers A ver age h o u r ly N um ber of age h o u r ly earn in g s w ork ers earn in g s B u f f e r s , m a c h i n e 3__________________ S m a ll a u to m a tic . 179 $ 3 . 05 3 . 14 61 $ 2 . 76 2. 53 12 $ 3 . 19 3. 35 2. 80 _ 15 3 . 11 17 . $ 2 . 63 - 185 77 129 $ 1. 76 - $ 2 . 33 2 . 17 49 17 - 12 3. 03 $ 2 .6 1 . 72 17 250 $ 2 . 41 2 .4 5 2 .4 1 244 56 95 $ 2 . 27 2 . 14 2 .4 1 533 161 L a r g e a u t o m a t i c ________________ C o l o r e r s , fa t li q u o r e r s , o r 19 2 . 50 85 3. 40 o i l - w h e e l o p e r a t o r s ______________ E m b o s s in g - o r p la c in g -p r e s s 417 2 .4 3 268 3. 09 128 2 .4 1 112 3. 0 3 69 2 . 37 27 2 . 99 18 2 . 07 46 2. 44 133 2 . 51 72 3. 75 o p e r a t o r s ____________________________ 265 2 . 24 412 2 . 67 95 2 . 34 2. 55 58 2 . 32 70 2 . 32 58 - 3. 00 - 39 2 . 08 29 - 2 . 97 - 112 26 2 ,4 2 i 2 . 23 2 . 32 189 _ 63 247 56 2. 60 - 2. 87 - 1. 73 57 2. 75 38 2 . 28 115 3 . 32 30 2 . 76 27 2 .2 9 64 3 .4 7 18 2 . 66 11 86 2. 32 - - 2. 25 _ 49 2. 24 39 64 - 3 . 21 3 .4 2 - _ 178 2 . 19 . . 144 26 2 . 20 30 2 . 67 20 F i r e m e n , s t a t i o n a r y b o i l e r _____ F le s h in g - a n d u n h a ir in g m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 3 ______________ 66 8 - . 164 2 . 26 471 2 . 92 150 2 58 2. 24 121 2 . 78 19 o p e r a t o r s ________________________ U n h a ir in g - m a c h in e 80 2 . 28 2 92 2 . 92 123 2 ‘ 79 31 2 .2 9 65 2. 81 . o p e r a t o r s ________________________ H a u l e r s ______ __________ _______________ J a n i t o r s _________________________________ 66 2 . 34 117 406 24 103 2. 39 31 2 . 02 2 . 18 174 34 2 . 01 29 118 - 2. 54 2 . 09 2 J 61 2] 60 2] 56 2 . 21 2 . 27 23 75 15 20 578 136 2 . 78 2 . 76 2. 93 - 12 1. 7 3 - L a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l h a n d lin g , d r y w o r k 693 2 . 01 123 2. 33 182 1 .9 7 56 2 . 59 195 2 . 05 17 2. 45 108 1. 74 . .............. L a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l h a n d lin g , w e t w o r k L iq u o r m e n _ 436 106 2 . 12 2. 39 2 .4 0 66 2 . 32 87 203 587 2 . 52 2 . 88 98 2 . 74 2 .4 4 66 2 . 64 2 .8 1 41 30 . 2. 70 2 . 65 320 173 74 170 S h a v i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ____ S p l i t t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ____ S t a k e r s , m a c h i n e __________________ 206 158 2 . 54 2 .4 8 2 . 34 462 264 3. 22 3 . 14 599 3 . 11 205 30 2 .4 9 2 . 32 1544 264 3. 03 71 104 2 . 52 2 . 51 605 675 3. 00 3. 03 3. 05 133 113 2 . 12 2 . 21 306 2. 97 233 2 .9 1 T a c k e r s , t o g g le r s , o r p a s t e r s __________________ _____ ________ T ackers ... . . . . T o g g le r s P a s t e r s _________ _ ________ ______ T r i m m e r s , b e a m o r h id e h o u s e , h a n d ________________________ T r i m m e r s , d r y ______________________ 2 . 19 2 . 28 2 . 79 2. 72 M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e ________ S e a s o n e r s , m a c h i n e _______________ S e t t e r s - o u t , m a c h i n e _____________ 66 176 30 119 105 M a in t e n a n c e m e n , g e n e r a l u t i l i t y _________________________________ 2 . 19 2 . 28 - 68 29 . 2. 50 73 15 2 . 22 56 27 . 2 . 52 _ 2 . 13 2 . 76 2 .4 7 2 .9 1 2 . 90 2. 97 32 2. 54 2 . 86 2 . 68 2 . 96 2. 82 50 . . 2 . 96 2. 82 43 2 . 15 2. 08 35 - 2 .4 2 - 13 2 . 28 22 2 . 50 788 147 307 334 2 . 28 119 84 2. 75 59 and late shifts. Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. 29 2 . 81 2. 40 207 2 .4 7 2 . 33 2. 65 - - 18 1 .9 7 39 14 43 59 41 15 2. 82 2. 73 2 . 14 114 234 134 95 1 Excludes premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes w orkers in classification in addition to those shown separately. NO TE: 76 1 F ie s h in g -m a c h in e - 22 128 98 20 190 227 83 123 - 2 . 81 2. 3. 3. 3. 95 52 02 12 3 . 16 3. 60 - 16 1. 73 2 .2 3 68 2 . 00 - 10 - 2 .9 2 2. 83 - 46 3. 04 16 21 2 . 52 21 . 1. 77 - 1 .8 1 20 2. 06 35 $ 3 . 43 3. 65 3 . 11 3. 28 60 65 2. 77 2 .9 6 2 . 00 20 2 . 28 48 3 . 01 2 .4 1 41 148 28 3 . 31 22 2 . 33 2 . 33 3. 09 3 . 30 3 .4 1 9 50 - - 191 127 - 10 2 . 61 53 43 3. 34 25 2 . 67 2 .4 3 157 3. 22 85 - 3. 32 3 .4 7 - 2 . 53 - 431 73 - 44 - 3. 2. 3. 3. 36 2 .4 5 64 2 . 21 76 22 98 311 23 67 08 32 3 .4 1 Table 12. Occupational Earnings: Boston, Mass. (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w orkers in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establish m en ts, January 1968) N um ber of w ork ers A ver age h o u r ly earn A l l p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ---------M e n ______ ______ __ __ ___ 2 ,9 9 6 2, 705 $2 . 73 W o m e n _________________________ 291 O c c u p a tio n an d s e x in g s 1 N um ber of w ork ers $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 and r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f- $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .00 $ 2.1 0 $ 2.20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 ' $ 2 . 5 0 $ 2.60 $ 2 . 7 0 $ 2 . 8 0 $ 2 . 9 0 $ 3 . 0 0 $ 3 .1 0 under $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 . 3 0 $ 2 . 4 0 $ 2 . 5 0 $ 2 . 6 0 $ 2 . 7 0 $ 2 . 8 0 $ 2 . 9 0 $ 3 . 0 0 $ 3 . 1 0 $ 3 .2 0 10 2. 79 2. 26 - 9 1 3 3 8 - " 2 1 1 8 2 2 - 69 7 62 55 18 7 120 6 144 43 95 25 49 272 260 12 131 124 7 124 118 138 127 6 11 226 213 13 1 2 1 8 2 l g 271 251 242 231 20 11 226 234 209 17 224 227 226 10 1 12 1 11 10 4 13 13 14 g 12 13 14 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 . 3 0 $ 3 . 4 0 $ 3 . 5 0 p . 6 t> p T T U and $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 146 145 1 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 98 98 71 36 71 36 - - - 6 6 5 g L O 29 28 over 69 69 1 - M en B u ffe r s , m a c h i n e 2 ____________ 97 10 3 . 01 2 74 5 1 4 L a r g e a u t o m a t i c ____________ 47 3.' 0 7 1 I n c e n t i v e ---------------------------- 39 3 ! 13 1 3 I n c e n t i v e __________________ C o l o r e r s , fa t li q u o r e r s , o r o i l - w h e e l o p e r a t o r s ------------T i m e ____________________________ 41 2. 8 9 107 2. 97 - 31 2. 42 - E m b o s s in g - o r 2 3 j 3 7 5 9 2 _ 1 2 3 4 9 2 l 1 _ 2 5 4 9 3 7 3 9 7 6 5 9 8 2 7 4 4 4 2 7 _ _ _ 3 4 _ 9 2 13 4 g g q7 1 5 2 9 g 1 5 q7 3 3 4 4 8 8 9 9 9 5 5 4 4 5 4 3 - 1 1 - - - _ - _ 1 1 1 1 3 _ 11 10 2 1 1 6 10 10 _ 2 1 1 1 3 _ _ 4 6 4 _ 1 4 6 4 I 1 _ 2 I I 10 5 _ 2 2 8 _ 8 1 _ _ _ I 2 _ I _ _ p la t in g ? T i m e ___________________________ Ttir p n t i \re* 28 42 82 2. 37 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ 2. 79 4 2 5 4 _ \ 4 _ l F le s h in g - a n d u n h a ir in g m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 2 ----------I n c e n t i v e __________________ F le s h in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s __________________ 80 2. 78 79 2. 78 - - - - 71 70 2. 8 2 2. 8 2 T i m e -----------------------------------------I n c e n t i v e ----------------------------------- 69 36 33 2. 4 7 2. 23 2. 72 L a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l h a n d l i n g , d r y w o r k _________ T i m e ___________________________ 119 72 2. 34 2 . 11 - - - - 153 2. 4 2 2. 2 6 2. 78 - - - - 37 2. 56 - 43 2. 81 2! 3 8 2 . 92 H a n ]f> r a L a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l h a n d l i n g , w e t w o r k --------------T i m e ___________________________ I n c e n t i v e ----------------------------------M a in te n a n c e m e n , g e n e r a l u t i l i t y ( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) ___ 106 47 - - - - - 5 5 10 10 4 5 35 1 34 4 - - - - 5 8 4 7 5 1 g 9 g 2 2 1 2 14 1 12 2 5 3 1 - 3 3 3 3 l 6 2 2 1 g 3 2 2 5 _ 3 1 3 _ _ _ _ 8 3 2 6 3 _ 1 _ _ 1 _ 1 - 1 8 5 1 2 1 1 _ 4 7 4 3 _ 5 3 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 1 5 5 4 3 3 1 10 - 3 3 3 3 10 1 76 73 3 - - _ _ 2 2 7 4 - 5 5 1 1 6 6 3 - 6 2 - - 4 8 - - 3 3 3 9 9 55 53 - 5 5 2 2 - - 6 1 - 8 g 4 - 3 5 5 7 _ 15 _ 2 - 1 7 15 7 _ 4 - 1 - - - _ 2 9 _ 2 _ 1 6 1 1 7 1 3 2 10 - - _ 4 1 1 5 g 1 3 4 4 4 1 1 - M e a s u r in g -m a c h in e T i m e _____________ T n r <=»rifi irf* M e c h a n ic s , T i m e* ______ ___ m a in te n a n c e 9 34 61 22 S e a s o n e r s , m a c h i n e 3 b _ / _____ 36 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 5 1 ________ 120 2. 80 - - 14 I n c e n t i v e _______________________ 106 2. 21 2. 88 _ _ 61 57 3. 20 3. 23 55 13 2. 2. 2. 2. 26 2. 83 S e t t e r s -o u t , m a c h in e Ti m & _ 3. 03 2. 83 2. 77 1 - - - - - . _ _ _ _ 1 6 1 - 5 1 1 _ 2 6 4 3 _ 9 3 2 2 4 9 3 5 12 3 _ 11 5 2 9 11 11 1 1 2 1 3 2 _ _ 1 1 1 1 _ _ 2 5 8 7 5 25 18 6 11 8 9 8 1 _ _ _ 2 5 8 6 23 18 6 11 8 9 8 1 _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 - - 2 1 - 4 3 4 2 10 8 5 10 10 10 10 8 8 5 1 1 1 1 5 5 _ 1 2 S h a v in g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s _______________________ I n c e n t i v e _______________________ S o r t e r s , fin is h e d l e a t h e r ___________________________ T i m e ___________________________ S o r t e r s , h i d e h o u s e --------------Ti m I n c e n t i v e _______________________ 22 39 See footnotes at end of table. 83 55 69 40 5 - - - - - - - - - 1 - 3 3 7 7 4 4 5 4 10 5 4 5 2 _ - - - - - - - - - 2 - 5 1 1 7 1 7 2 6 1 _ _ 1 1 _ _ 6 1 4 5 1 - 1 2 4 1 1 7 3 3 1 1 1 5 1 1 5 _ _ _ 5 - - _ _ _ _ - 1 _ 1 - Table 12. Occupational Earnings: Boston, Mass.— Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w ork ers in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents, January 1968) O ccupation and sex Number o f w ork ers receivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— Num A v e r ber age $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2.00 $2 .10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 hourly and of and w ork- earn under ings $1.95 $ 2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2,50 $ 2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $1.65 $1.70 $ 1.75 $1.80 1L85 M en— Continued Splitting - m achine op erators ________________ Tim e ____________________ Incentive------------------------Spray-m achine o p e r a to r s __ Incentive -----------------------Stakers, m a ch in e --------------Incentive________________ T a ck ers, to g g le rs, or p a s t e r s ___________________ In c e n tiv e ------------------Tack ers (all incentive w o r k e r s ) ---------------------T o g g le r s -----------------------In c e n tiv e ------------------P a s t e r s __________________ In c e n tiv e ____________ T rim m e rs, beam or hide house, hand (all incentive w o r k e r s ) _________________ T rim m e rs, d r y -----------------Incentive ________________ T ru ck ers, power (fo r k lift )__________________ 377 9 368 88 180 179 109 101 3 3 - - - 2 1 2. 92 2 . 57 2. 93 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 1 1 1 41 $3. 21 7 3. 37 3. 17 34 19 2. 76 8 2.48 11 2 . 96 131 3. 01 3. 07 118 - 4 4 3 4 8 9 .............................................................1 4 3 4 8 9 58 97 97 11 15 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 7 15 6 3 3 14 14 1 3 3 58 52 46 3. 2 0 ...................................................................................................................... .................................................................................. 4 2 1 2. 84 2 . 9 1 .............................................................................................. 2 1 37 12 2. 77 2.57 16 55 2. 07 2. 56 2. 26 30 2. 20 2 4 l 2 4 1 10 37 4 33 50 1 49 29 4 4 4 17 31 31 2 3 3 3 11 2 1 5 3 5 1 1 1 3 3 4 3 1 11 11 3 1 11 1 2 4 11 1 4 17 17 1 20 20 1 20 20 1 14 14 38 31 36 38 31 36 1 32 32 7 7 21 17 17 12 1 36 36 9 9 2 7 5 4 7 7 2 3 3 6 9 9 2 2 1 1 8 6 1 1 1 28 5 4 4 15 4 2 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 21 1 1 12 20 20 20 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 6 4 2 15 4 4 10 10 1 1 1 17 17 19 19 19 19 Women C lerks, general ----------------C lerk s, p ayroll ___________ S eason ers, hand 3 a/ ---------Spray-m achine operators ^a/ -------------------- 1 4 4 4 21 6 3 3 1 4 1 3 3 3 7 7 10 3 10 3 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 Exckujes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data fo r w ork ers in addition to those shown separately. Insufficient data to w arrant publication o f separate averages by method o f wage payment; (a) predom inantly tim ew orkers, or (b) predom inantly incentive w ork ers. 9 9 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 T a b le 13. Occupational Earnings: Fulton County, N.Y. (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 3 of men in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establish m en ts, January 1968) Occupation Num- A ver- of hourly mgs A ll production w o r k e r s ___ B u ffers, machine (all incentive w orkers) _ . C o lo rers, fat liq u orers, or oil-w heel op erators3. . F leshin g- and unhairingmachine o p era to rs 4 ______ T i m e --------------------------In cen tive--------------------Fleshing-m achine operators ---------------------In cen tive--------------------T-T?jnlprs T im p L ab ore rs, m aterial handling, dry work (all tim ew orkers) _______ Maintenance m en, general utility (all tim e w orkers) __________________ M easuring-m achine operators __________ ______ Incentive _______________ Setters-ou t, machine T i m e _______ ___________ In c en tiv e_______ _____ ___ Splitting-machine operators (all tim ew orkers) _______ Stakers, m ach in e__________ In c en tiv e________________ T ack ers, togglers, or pasters (all incentive w orkers) _________________ Tackers (all incentive w o r k e r s )----------------------Togglers (all incentive w o r k e r s )______________ T r im m e r s , beam or hide house, hand ________ Incentive ................. ........... T r im m e r s, d r y ____________ Incentive ________________ 1 2 3 4 1 ,3 1 0 $ 2 . 66 Number of w orkers receiving straight- time 1lourly earnings of$ 1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2.00 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3)60 $3.80 $4.00 and $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2.00 $ 2 . 1 0 $2. 20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 over 6 5 2 10 , 26 27 320 51 45 53 52 57 56 72 51 77 97 42 51 41 72 33 23 40 26 32 3. 11 1 _ _ 1 6 _ _ _ 9 1 4 1 2 _ 1 _ _ 17 2. 34 6 3 _ 5 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ 78 2.4 1 2. 04 2. 53 - - 4 - 2 - 1 2 20 20 2 13 4 7 - 3 3 2 - 1 5 4 4 1 _ _ _ - - 4 - 2 _ 1 2 - 2 13 4 7 - 3 3 2 _ 1 5 4 4 1 _ _ _ 2. 2. 2. 2. 51 63 37 04 - - 4 4 _ 2 2 _ 1 1 2 2 12 2 2 1 1 6 - 7 7 _ 3 3 3 3 5 2 2 8 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 _ _ _ _ 12 4 4 3 _ 3 5 5 9 48 2 . 00 - 20 2 .3 4 3 7 1 - 1 5 3 43 36 9 2 2 - 11 11 - 8 6 2 1 1 - - - 7 7 - - 10 1 1 2 - 2 4 4 9 9 4 4 - 9 9 5 5 3 3 55 2 .4 2 2. 50 2. 52 2 . 06 2 . 61 - - 24 140 13 5 2. 35 3. 10 3. 13 16 2 - _ _ . _ - - - - 5 - 114 3. 05 - 60 3. 06 54 3. 04 31 2. 70 2 .9 7 2. 64 2. 85 20 58 54 42 152 99 66 11 22 18 13 - 95 91 - _ - - - - - - 2 - - - - 2 - - 2 2 - - 8 - 1 - 3 3 4 1 1 - - - 2 11 11 _ - - - - - - - - - - _ 39 - 2 2 2 4 4 9 3 - 2 - - 10 4 4 - - - - - 8 6 2 2 - 2 2 1 1 - - - 2 22 22 5 5 2 2 5 5 4 1 1 - 7 7 6 6 19 19 34 34 4 4 6 6 12 12 5 8 4 2 4 23 28 4 12 10 8 - - 4 4 - - - 10 20 4 - 10 8 - - - 2 1 4 4 2 4 13 8 - 12 - - - - 4 2 2 1 1 - - 7 7 3 3 3 3 4 4 - - 6 6 2 2 - - 3 3 - - - 4 4 - - 2 - 2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Workers were distributed as follow s: 2 at $4 to $ 4 . 2 0 ; 2 at $ 4 .2 0 to $ 4 .4 0 ; 1 at $ 4 .6 0 to $ 4 .8 0 ; and 1 at $5 to $ 5 .2 0 . Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate averages by method of wage payment, predominantly tim ew ork ers. Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. T a b le 14. O c c u p a t io n a l E arnings: I llin o is (Number and average straight-tim e hourly ea rn ings 1 of workers in selected occupations 2 in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents, January 1968) Occupation and sex A ll production w o r k e r s ____ M e n _______________________ B u ffers, m ach in e 4__________ In c en tiv e______________ Large a u to m a tic ________ In c en tiv e......... ............... C o lo r e r s, fat liq u orers, or oil-w heel o p era to rs___________________ E m b ossin g- or platingp ress operators __________ Tim e ___________________ In c en tiv e_________________ Firem en , stationary boiler (all tim e - Num ber of w ork ers Number of w orkers receiving straight- time hourly earnings ofA ver age $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2 .10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $ 2 .50 $ 2 .60 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 hourly Under and earn and ings 1 $ 1.90 under $ 2,00 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2 .60 $2 .70 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.20 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 over 1,4 9 5 1 ,4 3 5 60 $ 2 . 65 3 22 10 12 29 27 2. 32 2 36 33 3 36 30 17 11 2. 90 2 .9 1 3. 02 3. 12 - - _ - 64 47 2. 77 2 .4 1 - - - - 40 2 . 82 2 . 79 - 20 20 21 2.66 2 .8 5 - 2 - 2 43 32 11 1 1 - 2. 55 76 72 4 225 4 367 364 3 - 4 4 - 3 3 - 6 6 4 4 35 35 221 97 91 6 w n r k e r s) L ab ore rs, m aterial handling, dry work (all tim ew o rk ers)_________ L a b o re rs, m aterial handling, wet work ______ Maintenance m en, general utility (all tim ew orkers)_~ M easuring-m achine operators (all t im e w orkers) ___________________ M ech anics, maintenance (all tim ew o rk ers)_________ S eason ers, machine (all tim e w o r k e r s)______________ S ette rs-ou t, m achine______ Incentive _ _ Shaving-machine operators _________ ________ T i m e _____________________ In cen tive_________________ S o rte rs, finished leather ________________ ____ T i m e ________________ _____ Splitting -m achine op erators___________________ Tim e _____________________ 41 37 3 .4 6 12 3. 10 11 - 3 3 1 1 7 2 2 - 7 - 2 2 - 10 10 2 1 - - - 2 1 1 2 12 - - 2. 34 - - - 4 3 4 - 57 57 95 95 1 54 48 45 45 25 25 14 14 23 23 13 13 16 16 16 16 8 8 16 16 6 2 2 1 1 5 5 4 4 - 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 _ - 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ - 1 - - _ _ - _ - 1 2 11 2 _ . _ _ - 4 4 4 2 2 - - 5 4 2 1 - - 4 4 - - - - 2 3 3 1 2 2 1 - - - _ _ _ _ 3 1 6 2 6 6 4 4 6 6 1 1 1 2 2 2 6 4 - - - 2 2 4 4 _ 4 4 _ _ 1 1 1 1 _ 1 1 4 4 _ _ 2 2 1 4 - - 52 - 2 - 4 - - 1 1 - - - - - - 46 2. 24 - - 14 - 8 19 5 54 2. 38 - - 4 - 2 28 15 3 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 21 2. 8 8 - - - - - - 11 - - - 1 - - - 2 2 2 3 - - - - - - - - 4 10 - - 23 2 .4 2 - - - - 3 6 10 - 23 2 .9 1 - - _ - - - 2 - - - 2 9 10 - _ _ - - 10 - - - - - - - - - - 33 2. 34 3. 09 - - - - - 1 - 10 - - - 1 - - 9 1 1 3. 34 _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 9 6 6 1 23 1 1 1 64 9 55 3. 04 2. 57 3. 12 - - - - - - 7 21 3 2 7 4 _ _ _ _ 5 5 _ 1 _ _ 3 _ 3 2 _ 5 4 1 _ 1 2 1 7 21 3 2 7 4 1 24 2 . 92 2 . 92 _ _ _ 2 3 1 3 _ _ 2 20 " I 2 2 3 38 27 2. 90 2. 74 - - _ . 10 4 4 5 5 4 4 1 _ _ _ 10 ' See footnotes at end of table. - 51 50 3 3 3. 19 3! 25 17 72 67 5 2 2 Flesh in g- and unhairingIn c en tiv e_____________ Fie shing -m achine operators (all incen tive w orkers)___________ U nhair ing -m achine operators 6 _____________ Janitors (all tim e - 87 84 3 _ _ - 11 - - - - _ - 2 1 - - - - 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 _ _ 1 1 _ _ - - - _ 2 11 I 2 6 3 . _ 1 3 3 T a b le 14. O c c u p a tio n a l E arnings: I llin o is — C o n tin u e d (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w orkers in selected occupations 2 in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents, January 1968) Occupation and sex Spray-m achine op erators ___ _________ Tim e _____ ____ _______ Stake r s , m ach in e________ In c e n tiv e ______________ T a ck ers, to g g le rs, or pasters 4_________________ In c e n tiv e ___________ T ogg lers 6 _____________ rc In c e n tiv e ___________ T rim m e rs, beam or hide h ouse, hand ____________ Incentive _____________ T ru ck ers, pow er (forklift) (all t im e w o r k e r s )----------------- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number o f w ork ers receivin g straight-tim e hourly earnings ofNum- A v erage $1.90 $2 . 0 0 $2 . 1 0 $2 . 2 0 ” $2.30 “$2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2 . 9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 hourly of and w ork- earn- $ 1 . 9 0 under ings 1 $2 . 0 0 $2 . 1 0 $2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $ 4 . 0 0 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 over 24 16 45 39 $2 . 6 6 2. 65 3. 03 3. 11 - 1 _ _ - - _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ - _ _ - - 2 2 2 _ - - - _ _ - 04 09 34 87 01 - 2.93 3. 54 - 22 29 2.47 119 89 42 67 43 52 3. 3. 3. 2. 3. _ _ _ 2 _ 6 6 _ 3 _ _ _ 2 3 - _ 6 8 8 2 6 6 7 3 3 11 12 2 2 _ 4 4 _ 4 20 8 6 2 12 - 7 11 3 3 4 - 8 8 2 2 _ _ 2 2 _ _ 1 1 2 2 3 3 22 22 1 20 20 _ 21 21 20 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 6 6 6 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 14 1 1 _ - _ _ - _ _ - 8 2 8 _ 14 _ - _ 12 1 1 _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 2 2 _ _ _ _ 10 10 _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 2 2 1 1 13 13 3 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. A ll w orkers were m en. W orkers were distributed as follow s: 10 at $ 1 .5 5 to $ 1 .6 0 ; 1 at $ 1 .7 5 to $ 1 .8 0 ; 10 at $ 1 .8 0 to $ 1 .8 5 ; and 1 at $ 1 .8 5 to $ 1 .9 0 . Includes data for w orkers in classification in addition to those shown separately. W orkers were distributed as follow s: 1 at $4. 70 to $ 4 . 80 and 1 at $ 4 . 80 to $ 4 . 90. Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate averages by method of wage payment, predominantly incentive w orkers. - T able 15. O c cu p a tio n a l E arnings: M a in e (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w orkers in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents, January 1968) Occupation and sex A ll production w o r k e r s ___ M en _________________ W om en__________________ Number of w ork ers receivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— ber age $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $ 1 . 9 0 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 hourly of w ork earn Unde i and and ers ings 1 .$ 1.60 under $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $_L25 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 over 2, 007 $ 2 . 39 2. 43 1,844 163 2 . 00 30 24 86 65 65 44 38 21 6 55 51 4 60 53 7 103 91 21 74 69 5 148 128 4 52 39 13 86 68 6 72 20 12 195 170 25 81 2. 75 - 1 1 - 1 1 - - 1 2 5 5 20 2 . 80 1 2 56 2. 72 - 1 1 - 1 1 - - 1 1 47 23 2 . 61 1 _ _ - _ _ _ 2 - 2 1 1 3. 00 _ 96 77 2. 32 2. 33 5 5 - 4 - 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 28 27 2 . 01 _ 3 3 1 1 4 4 5 5 1 1 _ 35 2. 70 1 - 3 - - 1 27 44 17 27 2 . 69 3 5 5 - 2 2 - 2 93 90 3 7 7 2 1 1 3 2 5 6 3 _ 1 1 1 17 _ 1 1 2 2 5 5 3 3 19 13 6 6 6 6 3 3 _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ 4 1 - 1 - 1 - 2 3 _ _ 3 1 2 1 2 - _ 1 2 2 - 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 - 2 101 99 198 197 92 91 76 70 1 1 6 57 57 - 79 79 - 53 50 3 43 43 - 6 3 1 6 4 8 7 3 3 3 _ 1 1 1 2 _ _ 2 3 3 - 5 .3 5 6 2 _ _ 2 2 _ _ 4 4 2 2 2 2 21 9 15 6 1 1 3 3 1 1 - - 3 - 2 - 2 3 3 5 1 2 2 3 5 2 - 1 - 1 1 _ 1 _ 1 1 18 18 - 76 76 - 3 2 4 1 _ 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 3 2 6 - 1 2 2 _ 3 _ 1 1 5 - 1 2 1 _ _ 2 1 - _ 1 2 1 - - 1 2 1 - - _ _ - 47 1 1 _ _ 1 _ - 1 - - - - - - - 66 63 3 29 29 - 21 21 - Men B uffers, machine (all incentive w ork ers) 2 _____ Small automatic (all incentive w o r k e r s ) ___ Large automatic (all incentive w o r k e r s ) ___ C o lo r e r s , fat liq u o re r s , or oil-w h e e l operators __ Incentive________________ E m bossing- or platingp ress op e ra to rs__________ Incentive ____________ F irem en, stationary Tim e F leshing- and unhairingmachine operators (all incentive w ork ers) 2 ____ F leshing-m achine operators (all incentive w o r k e r s ) ----Haulers ___ __ __ — _____ Tim e ________ ______ ___ Incentive _______________ 1 - 25 64 64 _ _ 10 10 90 1 2 74 69 1 . 80 1. 78 5 5 12 12 39 24 _ _ 6 2 14 2. 36 2. 32 2 . 09 2 . 49 - - 5 _ 27 2 . 00 - - - 1 25 _ 1 1 1 1 - - - 50 2. 27 2 . 31 2 . 68 2. 63 2 . 51 2. 34 _ 1 1 - 55 2. 40 - - - 30 33 24 13 2. 68 - 1 - - - 2. 67 _ - - - _ 7 L a b orers, m aterial handling, dry work _____ Tim e ___________________ L a b orers, m aterial handling, wet w o r k 3_ a / ___ Liquor men _______________ Tim e __________ ______ __ Inc entive __ _____ Maintenance men, general utility (all tim ew orkers) __ M easuring-m achine operators _______________ Incentive _____________ M echanics, m ain ten an ce__ Time ___________________ Seasoners, machine ______ Incentive _______________ Setters-out, machine (all incentive w ork ers) ______ Shaving-m achine operators (all incentive w orkers) __ Sorters, finished le a th e r__ Tim e _______ ________ _ Sorters, hide house _^a/ — Splitting - machine Incentive ----------------------- 2. 03 10 22 35 23 68 27 25 2. 1. 2. 1. 3 2 5 5 18 18 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 - - - 2 2 - - 4 - 2 _ _ _ 8 2 1 1 3 3 5 2 1 > 1 1 2 1 1 4 5 3 4 2 2 1 2 - - - - 3 - - 2 2 - 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 10 10 1 - 4 4 - 1 1 - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 9 9 12 12 6 6 3 - - - - 2 3 4 6 - - - - _ _ 1 2 . 62 1. 94 - - - 4 3 1 - 3 3 1 2 2 1 2 . 81 2. 85 ■ See footnotes at end of table. 9 7 5 11 11 3 3 10 1 - 1 1 1 1 3 4 3 1 _ 1 _ 1 - - 4 4 - 3 3 4 - - 1 1 - - - - - 4 - - 1 1 1 1 2 2 8 - 2 2 7 3 3 6 56 - 1 1 9 9 4 4 1 1 18 - - - - - - - 10 7 5 4 4 5 1 1 - - - - - - - 2 1 1 1 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 3 2 2 2 4 3 3 1 2 5 3 1 - - 12 10 4 - 2 2 4 3 3 - 1 1 1 1 - - _ _ 1 _ _ - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 T a b le 15. O c c u p a t io n a l E arnings: M a in e — C o n tin u e d (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w ork ers in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents, January 1968) Number o f w ork ers receivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of- Num- A v erOccupation and sex of hourly w ork - earn61 b $1.60 $1765" $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $ 1 . 9 0 $1.95 $2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 and $1.60 under $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3 . 2 0 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 over M en— Continued Stake r s , ma chine ________ T a ck ers, to g g le rs , or pasters (all incentive w o rk e rs ) 2 ~ T a ck ers (all incentive w ork ers) -------------------P a sters (all incentive w ork ers) _ — — __ T rim m e rs , beam or hide house, hand (all incentive w ork ers) T rim m e rs , dry _ ___ Inc entive T ru ck ers, pow er (fo r k lift)---------------------------Tim e ----------------------------- 54 $2. 76 48 2. 89 _ _ _ 6 _ _ _ _ 1 1 4 4 g 8 4 4 4 4 2 2 21 3 3 1 1 _ _ 1 1 2 2 3 3 _ 1 1 _ 4 4 10 6 10 195 2 . 80 1 3 4 3 3 2 - - - 2 5 23 17 1 6 5 5 18 1 21 20 4 7 2 21 34 2. 94 - _ 3 3 3 _ - _ - _ _ 3 - - - _ - _ - _ 4 4 2 1 2 79 89 2. 58 - 3 _ _ - 2 - _ _ 2 2 4 23 17 1 - 5 3 6 1 13 5 2 _ - - 38 17 16 2. 66 3. 04 3. 07 _ - - - - - 1 1 4 - 3 - 2 1 1 3 1 - 4 - 5 5 - 1 1 1 2 - 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 - 2 - 1 1 1 5 - _ - 2 - - 3 83 23 2. 12 - " - - 1 1 - 7 7 - - 9 9 4 3 - - 1 - - 1 - - - - - - - 2. 05 - - 20 17 9 _ - 3 1 1 - 1 1 _ - _ - 6 1 2 - _ - _ - - _ - - _ - _ 3 2 1 3 - _ 2 . 00 1 _ - _ - - _ - _ - _ - - - 11 1. 97 - 1 3 - - 1 - - - 1 2 2 1 13 1. 84 1. 76 3 3 £ 2 6 2 1 _ “ ■ 6 6 ■ _ - " 3 3 “ - - " “ “ - Women C lerks, gen eral --------------C lerks, p a y r o l l ___________ E m bossing- or platingp ress operators ^ b/ ------M easuring-m achine 10 Season ers, m achine (all incentive w o r k e r s ) --------T rim m e rs, dry _ ---Incentive __ ____ ___ _ 6 30 24 1. 87 1. 98 2. 21 2. 34 1 1 1 - - - - - - - 6 1 1 1 1 “ " 1 1 1 - - - 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 " E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data fo r w ork ers in cla ssification in addition to those shown separately. Insufficient data to w arrant presentation o f separate averages by method of wage payment; (a) predom inantly tim ew ork ers, or (b) predom inantly incentive w ork ers. W ork ers w ere distributed as follows: 2 at $ 3. 60to $ 3. 70; 4 at $ 3. 70 to $ 3. 80; and 1 at $4. 10 to $4 . 20. at $4 to $4. 10. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s; 3 at $3. 70to $ 3.80 and 3 3at $4. 20 to $4. 30; 2 at $4. 30 to $ 4 .4 0 ; and 1 at $4. 50 to $4. 60. W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 1 at $3. 80to $3. 90; 1 at $3. 90 to $4; 1 at $4 to $4. 10; 1 at $4. 10 to $4. 20; W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 2 at $3. 60to $3. 70; 1 at $ 3. 70 to $ 3. 80; 1 at $ 3. 80 to $3. 90; 1 at $ 3. 90to $4; and 4 at$4. 10 to $4. 20. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 1 at $ 3. 60 to $ 3. 70 and 2 at $ 3. 80 to $ 3. 90. (0 CJI T a b le 16. O c cu p a tio n a l E arnings: N ew ark and Jersey C ity , N .J. (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w orkers in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents, January 1968) Number of w ork ers receiving straight- time hourly earnings of- Num- Aver Occupation and sex $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 hourly of and w ork- earn- under mgs 1 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 over A ll production w o r k e r s ------ 1, 328 $2. 52 2. 58 Men ____________________ 1 , 2 1 1 117 Women ------------------- — 1. 91 _ - 35 35 - 26 26 - 35 33 44 43 1 2 1 _ - _ - 1 1 _ - _ - 4 4 1 1 - - 2 2 - - 2 2 1 25 49 47 14 6 28 28 - 2 39 39 - 5 91 78 13 121 110 11 86 11 24 18 105 38 28 04 44 20 52 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 4 - _ - 2 - 2 2 - - - - - - - - 36 29 2. 54 2. 27 - 5 5 - - - - - 2 2 - - 8 8 5 4 4 4 - - 3 3 3 3 - 36 25 2 . 80 - - - - 2 2 - 1 1 7 - 2 2 2 - 2 - - - 3 3 - 1 1 - 2 2 19 2.46 3 4 - 10 1 - 1 15 30 3. 50 2. 76 _ - - 10 4 - - - 11 2 . 00 3 94 92 2 . 01 - - - - 35 35 _ - 26 25 66 18 4 83 3 51 51 38 38 " 22 100 67 67 - 28 28 - 124 298 26 45 45 71 70 29 29 - 18 18 - _ - 2 2 1 1 - 4 4 4 4 - - - - 1 4 1 - 1 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 - 43 - 6 4 1 1 2 - - 2 - - - 64 - 2 - - - - - - 1 Men Bu ffers, m achine 3 ________ Incentive ____________ Small autom atic _______ Incentive ___ ___ __ C o lo r e r s , fat liq u o re rs, or oil-w h eel operators _____ Tim e -------------------- ---------E m bossing- or platingp ress operators ________ Inc entive ----------------------Firem en, stationary b oiler (all tim ew orkers) _______ F leshing- and unhairingmachine operators (all incentive w ork ers) ______ Haulers 5 b / __ __ __ __ — Janitors "(all tim eL a b orers , m aterial handling, dry w ork -------Tim e ___________________ L a b orers , m aterial handling, wet w ork (all tim ew orkers) -----------------M easuring-m achine operators --- ------------ — Tim e ___________________ S eason ers, hand ---------------------Incentive ____________________ S etters-out, machine (all incentive w ork ers) ________ Shaving-m achine nppratrtrs m e eircive _ S orters, finished leather (all tim ew orkers) _______ Splitting -m achine operators 5 a / ____________ Stakers, machine ________ T a ck ers, to g g le rs, or pasters 3 ---------------- — — Incentive ___________ P a sters 5 b / ------------------------T rim m ers, dry 5 a / _______ 21 15 8 6 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 16 1. 99 - - - - 2 - 2 4 2 21 21 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - 16 16 12 12 20 20 6 2 20 20 - - - - - 16 5 - 4 12 - 7 9 - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - 3 3 - 3 3 5 5 - - 2 2 - - 1 1 - 2 2 3 3 2 2 - - - - 4 4 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - 3 - 1 1 1 2. 2. 2. 3. 28 3. 31 45 44 4. 07 4. 09 18 2. 54 23 14 13 3. 00 3. 02 3. 11 81 75 17 18 3.42 3. 50 2. 53 2 . 10 - - - - - - - - 1 _ _ _ 5 5 - ~ " " - _ - _ _ _ - - _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ 3 3 9 7 7 2 6 8 - 9 3 9 - - 1 5 5 2 7 - - 4 4 1 6 6 6 4 4 7 7 3 3 7 14 - 14 1 7 - - - - 1 - - _ - - 12 2 2 1 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 3 2 2 - 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 - 1 1 - - - - 82 2 5 5 3 3 3 - 1 1 4 4 2 2 7 7 6 6 3 3 _ 9 20 20 - 2 2 1 4 4 - 1 - 1 - - - - - _ 4 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes 11 w ork ers distributed as follow s: 5 at $ 1.40 to $ 1. 45; 5 at $ 1. 45 to $ 1. 50; and 1 at $ 1. 50 to $ 1. 55. Includes data for w ork ers in cla ssifica tio n in addition to those shown separately. W orkers were distributed as follow s: 1 at $4. 40 to $4. 60 and 2 at $ 5. 20 to $ 5. 40. Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate averages by method of wage payment; (a) predom inantly tim ew orkers, or (b) predom inantly incentive w ork ers. W orkers were distributed as follow s: 1 at $4. 40 to $4. 60 and 3 at $4. 80 to $ 5. W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 3 at $4. 20 to $4.40; 3 at $ 4 .4 0 to $4. 60; 1 at $4. 60 to $4. 80; 1 at $4. 80 to $ 5; 1at $5. 20 to $5. 40; 1at $ 5. 60to $5. 80; 1at $ 5. 80 to $ 6 ; and $ 6 . 2 0 and over. 8 W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 1 at $4. 2 0 to $ 4 .4 0 and 1 at $4. 60 to $4. 80. 9 W orkers were distributed as follow s: 4 at $4. 20 to $ 4 .4 0 ; 2 at $4. 60 to $4. 80; 8 at $ 5. 20 to $ 5. 40; 3 at $ 5. 40 to $ 5.60; 2 at $5.60 to $5. 80;and 1 at $ 7.20 to $ 7. 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 - 1. 94 12 10 24 - 2 38 25 81 00 57 20 - _ - at T a b le (N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e Occupation and sex A ll production w orkers ________ Men -------------------------- ------------Women __________________________ 17. O c c u p a t io n a l s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d E arnings: o c c u p a tio n s N ew H a m p s h ire in l e a t h e r t a n n in g a n d f i n i s h i n g e s ta b lis h m e n ts , J an u ary 1968) Num- A ver- of w orkei s $2.30 $2 .40 $2 .50 $ 2 .60 $ 2 .70 $2.80 $ 2 .90 $3 .00 $3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $3 .3 0 $ 3 .40 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 hourly $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $ 1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 earnand under ings $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2 .30 $2.40 $2 .50 $ 2 .6 0 $2 .70 $2 .80 $2.90 $3 .00 $ 3 .10 $3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $3 .4 0 $3.50 $ 3 .6 0 over 1,097 1,024 73 $2. 34 2 . 37 1. 95 Number of w orkers receiving straight-tim e hourly earnings of— 50 33 17 16 20 11 13 7 5 13 13 15 - 4 2 2 _ 1 2 11 17 15 43 40 3 25 23 11 0 98 143 137 2 12 6 _ _ 3 3 1 1 _ _ _ - 12 10 2 84 80 4 138 135 3 2 2 10 10 76 74 2 70 68 2 52 49 3 45 45 “ 56 56 - 29 29 - 23 23 - 44 44 10 9 6 6 8 8 2 2 - 1 - - - 2 2 Men 57 2. 50 _ _ _ Incentive -------------------------------Large automatic ----------------------- 26 45 2. 75 2 .4 5 _ - _ - . - 2 _ - Incentive -------------------------------C o lo rers, fat liq u orers, or oil-w heel operators --------------------- 22 2. 65 _ _ . 2 _ 1 _ _ 44 33 2. 34 2.4 1 - - - - - 1 - 1 E m b ossin g- or p latin g-p ress operators __________________________ Incentive ________________________ Firem en, stationary boiler 42 28 2. 30 2. 35 - Fleshing-m achine o p e r a t o r s ______ 20 B uffers, machine 2 _______________ 13 14 Graining-m achine operators 4 b / ______________________ Haulers _____________________________ Incentive ________________________ L ab ore rs, m aterial handling, dry work __________________________ L ab ore rs, m aterial handling, wet work 4 a / ______________________ Maintenance m en, general utility (all tim ew orkers) ------------M easuring-m achine operators 4 a / -------------------------------M echanics, maintenance 4 a/ ---------Season ers, machine Setters-out, machine --------------------Incentive _________________________ Shaving-machine operators ---------- 19 27 15 ’ — 3 - 1 1 - 3 3 1 1 2 . 22 81 2. 94 3 _ 4 2 3 _ 1 4 _ _ 3 3 _ - 4 3 2 _ - 1 2 3 3 1 3 - _ - - 2 3 _ 3 _ 3 2 3 - 1 _ _ _ _ 8 - 9 9 13 13 7 7 2 2 2 2 - - 4 4 6 6 6 5 5 1 1 2 2 4 4 - - - - - - 2 32 2 2 - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - 2 2 - . - _ - - - 10 10 4 1 1 11 1 4 4 1 2 2 2 6 6 4 2. 2. 17 2 . 22 2. 25 _ _ 1 - 1 1 2 2 2 _ 1 1 1 _ 9 2 2 1 1 _ 3 4 _ _ 15 7 - - - - - - 15 2 5 - - - - 4 7 3 8 1 1 4 2 2 - 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 4 2 1 1 1. 8 6 1 1 8 8 1 1 1 1 4 4 36 2 . 22 - - - - - - 1 1 17 - 2. 15 - - - - - - - 1 8 4 3 4 2. 2 - - - 1 - - - 1 2 - 2 2 - - 6 3 5 7 2 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 20 8 17 33 23 19 25 26 1. 84 08 2 .4 9 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 45 76 81 75 - - _ _ _ - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - - _ - _ _ - - 1 1 1 2 - 1 1 86 12 2 .4 0 2. 32 9 2. 37 28 24 2. 67 2. 76 19 29 2 . 09 2. 52 1 8 6 1 1 8 _ _ - 2 2 - 3 3 3 27 23 21 S orters, finished leather ________ _________________ Time --------------------------------------------S orters, hide h ou se 4 b/ _________________ _______ Splitting - ma chine operators ---------------------------------------Incentive _________________________ Spray-machine operators (all tim ew orkers) --------------------------------- 3 3 7 5 2 1 1 _ - 3 3 _ - 2 2 6 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - 1 1 - 1 - 1 2 2 - _ - 2 1 2 1 7 3 6 1 - 2 2 2 3 2 - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - 2 2 3 3 1 1 - 2 4 4 - 1 1 - 2 2 2 2 2 - 3 - 3 7 - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 2 1 - - - - - - - - - 4 - 7 7 - - - - 2 - 1 6 - 1 6 - 14 S e e fo o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b le . 10 T a b le 17. O c c u p a tio n a l E arnings: N ew H a m p s h ire — C o n tin u e d (Number and average straight-tim e hourly ea rn ings 1 of w orkers in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establish m en ts, January 1968) N um ^0p Occupation and sex of w orkers N um ber of w ork ers A ver age h o u r ly in g s 1 r e c e iv in g $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 .2 0 s tr a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f— $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 _ _ _ 5 - 20 6 5 _ 14 8 12 12 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 over 4 _ 12 2 _ 4 _ 2 4 _ _ _ 4 _ 8 2 10 6 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > _ _ - 6 6 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ and under $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 . 9 0 1 L 2 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 Men-— Continued T ack ers, togglers, or pasters 2 ---------------------------------------- 85 26 In cen tive-----------------------------T ogglers 4_b/-----------------------------P a s t e r s -------------------------------------In cen tive-----------------------------T r im m e r s, beam or hide house, hand --------------------------------In cen tive----------------------------------T r im m e r s, d r y ----------------------------- 59 36 46 32 21 2 .4 3 2 . 65 2. 74 2 2 - 2 1 - 1 1 2 2 - 2 “ 1 3 - 2 1 1 1 ' 11 18 1. 8 7 4 - 2 6 1. 97 1 .8 7 3 _ _ _ - - 17 30 13 - 1 1 2 2 _ _ " 1 1 7 - 10 10 - 7 - 5 - 7 _ 2 7 5 - 10 2 2 7 - 5 _ _ _ _ - - - - 2 2 _ 3 - _ _ - " - - 1 6 6 1 1 1 1 2. 2. 80 90 2 . 38 2 .4 4 2 . 05 2 . 04 22 T ru ck ers, power (fork lift)---------T i m e ------------------------------------------ $2. 56 2. 37 2. 64 _ 1 1 - _ _ - " " ■ “ 5 5 1 1 2 _ - _ 4 4 4 _ ■ 2 ■ 7 1 4 - _ _ _ - - - 3 2 3 _ _ _ 5 5 1 1 4 4 3 3 " 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - _ 2 2 Women C lerk s, g e n era l----------------------------M easuring-m achine 13 11 1 2 3 4 3 - 2 2 - _ " 1 2 2 _ _ - _ 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 _ _ 1' 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data for w orkers in classification in addition to those shown separately. A ll w orkers were at $ 3 . 90 to $ 4 . Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate averages by method of wage payment; (a) predominantly tim ew ork ers, or (b) predominantly incentive w ork ers. 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ T a b le (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e Occupation and sex A ll production w ork ers__________________ M e n . __________________________________ W om en _________________________________ 18. Earnings: A v er- of workei & hourly earn- 1,064 176 $2. 64 2. 73 2 . 20 34 13 2 .6 2 2. 37 31 7 3. 01 2. 33 35 2. 85 2. 93 3. 03 3. 23 2.4 6 1. 83 P hiladelph ia, Pa.—C am d en , N .J.— W ilm in g t o n , D e l. of w ork ers in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents, January 1968) s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s Num- 888 O c c u p a tio n a l Number iof workers receiving straight--time hourly earnings of $1.70 $1.75 $ 1 .80 $1.85 $1 .90 $ 1 .95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 and under $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1 .90 $ 1 .95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 over 2 26 34 26 26 - 21 7 19 13 4 4 - 46 31 15 36 28 35 27 8 8 74 56 18 74 37 37 57 43 14 46 30 75 62 13 59 58 91 85 37 36 1 - 1 18 18 - 31 28 3 24 24 - 12 12 6 48 48 - 49 49 1 29 26 3 46 45 16 - 87 87 - 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 _ 19 1 _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 3 2 2 _ - 8 - _ _ _ 10 _ _ 3 12 _ - - - - _ _ 3 1 Men C o lo r e r s, fat liau orers, or o ilwheel o p era to rs________________________ T im e__ __ __ _____ ________ ___________ __ E m b ossin g- or p lating-p ress op erators________________________________ F leshin g- and unhairing-machine op erators 3 b / 4 ----------------------------------------Fleshing-m achine operators 3 b / ____ G lazing-m achine op era to rs ________________ Tnrpnti \re± Haulers 3 b / _______________________________________ Tanitnrc 7'q11 tim ^wi nt*Itp t c \ L ab ore rs, m aterial handling, dry work __________________________________________ Liquor m e n .3______________________________________ Maintenance m en, general utility (all tim ew ork ers) ____________________________ M easuring-m achine o p e r a to r s _________ Incentive ____ _________________________________ rc -rmf m arViinA Incentive _______________________________________ Shaving-machine op era to rs_____________ S orters, finished leather 3 a /____________ Splitting-machine operators 3 b / __________ Stakers, machine 3 b / _________________________ 21 40 27 11 10 18 8 Tnrpntivp Incentive_______________________________ T ru ck ers, power (forklift) 3 a /_________ _ - - - - - - 2 2 3 3 - 1 - - - - - - - - - 8 1 - 4 4 - - - 13 _ 5 _ _ 3 _ _ _ . 1 _ 5 1 _ _ 13 13 4 1.9 9 2. 74 - 7 - 1 - 9 - - - - 1 - - - 1 1 2. - 1 - - 1 - - 4 - - - - 2 - 2 1 2 _ 1 1 _ 6 1 1 1 - _ 3 2 2 \\ 28 2 . 19 2. 19 2. 58 2 . 80 3. 22 3. 36 2. 84 2. 85 3. 16 3. 38 3. 43 3. 38 3. 43 18 16 11 24 14 44 34 27 7 69 88 Incentive____________________________ T r im m e r s, beam or hide house, - 82 87 81 - 6 - - - - - - 1 1 11 - 6 1 - - 1 _ 9 10 - 3 2 _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ 1 _ - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 3 - - - - 2 4 - - - 4 4 - 4 4 - _ - - - 7 7 - 1 6 - 14 3 3 - 8 8 _ _ 6 _ _ _ ’ I - 1 2 2 - - - - - _ \ _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 _ \ 3 2 - 14 14 - 1 5 5 4 - _ 8 _ _ _ _ 1 1 8 _ 1 - - - 2 10 - 5 8 11 8 8 - . _ _ _ 1 1 5 3 - 2 - 1 1 - 3 3 - 2 2 2 2 I 8 58 _ 1 2 2 64 2. 77 2. 35 2 .4 9 22 12 6 1 - _ 1 1 \ 2 - 1 - 11 3 4 3 3 3 2 _ _ _ 4 22 10 10 10 10 2 1 1 - - - - - _ _ _ 1 6 8 _ 13 13 _ 5 _ 5 3 5 5 5 3 3 3 5 1 l - 6 16 _ _ 43 43 743 43 - 8 6 2 1 2 _ 5 5 _ 1 _ _ _ - 2 2 - - - - - 1 - - - - - - _ - - - - - - 1 1 1 - - 3 - _ - _ - - 1 1 Women M easuring-m achine operators 3 a / _____ S eason ers, hand_______________________ Incentive______________________________ Season ers, machine_____________________ Tim e ________ ____ ________ ___ _________ T-nr-^n T r im m e r s, dry Incentive______________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r A ll w o r k e r s w e r e at $ 1 .6 0 I n s u ffic ie n t d a ta to w a r r a n t I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r w ork ers 2. 56 2 . 21 2. 29 2 . 16 1 .9 4 2. 32 2 . 10 2 . 10 9 30 25 37 16 21 31 28 o v e r tim e and to $ 1 .7 5 . p u b lic a tio n in fo r of 15 _ " " w ork sep a ra te c la s s ific a tio n A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 3 . 9 0 to $ 4 . A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 3 . 7 0 to $ 3 . 8 0 . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d as f o ll o w s : _ at in on $ 3 .7 0 to _ 11 11 w eekends, averages a d d itio n - to by th o se $ 3 .8 0 and _ - 3 3 h o lid a y s , and m eth od w age show n 28 at of 5 5 _ 5 _ 2 la t e to - 5 5 6 8 5 2 6 8 5 2 2 2 “ 10 10 _ - s h ift s . p a y m en t; s e p a r a te ly . $ 3 .8 0 1 1 $ 3 .9 0 . (a ) p r e d o m in a n tly tim e w o r k e r s , or (b ) p r e d o m in a n tly in c e n t iv e w orkers. T a b le (N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e A ll production w o r k e r s ____ M e n ___ __________________ Women ___________________ 19. O c cu p a tio n a l s t r a ig h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s Earnings: in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s W is c o n s in in l e a t h e r t a n n in g a n d f i n i s h i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , Jan u ary 1968) Number of w orkers receiving straight- time hourly earnings of- Num - A ver- of workers $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2 . 9 0 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.2C hourly $aL55 ea rn - under and mgs 1 $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 ovex 3, 136 $ 2 . 73 2, 642 2. 83 494 2 . 19 1 32 _ 6 1 26 36 19 17 38 19 19 54 28 26 63 28 35 59 35 24 76 35 41 79 64 15 146 91 55 12 1 116 97 19 196 172 24 158 124 34 4 4 8 6 7 5 4 4 6 1 1 7 7 3 3 86 35 205 180 25 202 181 21 186 160 26 161 145 16 148 137 11 350 333 17 216 174 174 5 - 172 172 - 23 22 9 4 2 9 4 2 211 59 52 2 46 46 - 42 42 - Men Tim e ---------------------------Sm all automatic ________ 108 26 82 28 12 16 Large a u to m a tic ________ In c e n tiv e --------------------C o lo r e r s, fat liq u orers, or TnrPnH vp E m b ossin g- or plating p ress operators ___ ____ TnrPtiHvfl Firem en , stationary boiler (all tim ew orkers) _______ F leshin g- and unhairingmachine o p e r a t o r s _______ Tim e — _ ----------- _ In c e n tiv e ----------------- _ Fie shing-m achine operators ----------------Tim e __ ---------------------In c e n tiv e ------ — -----Unhairing-m achine operators ---------------------Haulers Tim e ________________________ ___________________________ TnrPnfi vp Janitors (all tim ew orkers) ________________________ L a b o re rs, m aterial handling, dry w ork _______ Tim e ______________________ L a b o re rs, m aterial handling, wet w o rk _______ T i m e ................................... - 68 58 93 70 23 90 24 66 (all |*lm(iu;nrlrprfl) 2 2 6 1 4 6 6 1 4 6 6 1 2 23 3 22 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 32 1 1 4 4 3 3 20 20 4 18 18 8 8 2 2 _ 6 5 2 1 10 2 2 _ 1 1 2 2 6 - _ _ 2. 88 6 8 6 2 . 60 3. 73 6 8 6 59 1. 84 2. 86 1 1 _ 1 1 2. 2 2 1 1 - _ - _ - 7 7 14 14 17 16 7 7 6 5 2 1 10 2 2 18 8 4 4 8 13 5 3 1 - - - 18 8 4 4 8 13 5 3 1 6 - - 10 - - 8 - - - - - - - 11 10 1 - 8 1 10 6 11 - - - - 8 1 10 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 7 7 1 - - 10 10 3 3 3 3 - - - - 2 2 4 4 - 4 - 2 2 24 2. 93 28 65 3. 05 2 . 28 3. 39 - - - - - 3 3 - - - - 7 7 - - 3 3 65 24 41 3. 06 2. 32 3. 50 - - - - - 3 3 - - - 3 3 - - 3 3 8 8 10 10 - 6 4 3 7 3 2 3 _ _ 3 - - - - - - 3 - 6 4 3 7 3 2 3 28 24 4 - - - - _ . _ 1 1 - _ _ _ 31 37 3. 3. 2. 2. 3. _ - - - - _ 7 7 2 2 - 5 5 9 7 32 2. 22 47 46 2. 39 2. 37 - - - - - 1 1 4 4 33 24 2. 84 2. 36 4. 12 _ - - _ - - 1 1 - 68 9 Liquor men (all t im e w o r k e r s)--------------------Maintenance m en, general utility (all tim ew orkers) — M easuring -m achine operators ----------------------------------Tim e ______________________ In c e n tiv e --------------------------------M ech anics, maintenance 3. 19 2. 23 3 49 2. 95 2. 17 3^54 3. 38 3. 55 79 04 21 84 30 30 - 6 6 _ - 8 8 - _ _ _ - 2 2 4 2 2 10 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 5 5 14 14 7 7 3 3 _ - 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 12 1 1 7 7 4 4 11 7 4 7 1 1 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 3 - - 6 5 3 4 4 3 2 2 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 6 5 3 3 6 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 - - - 2 - 1 2 - 2 2 - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - 3 *4 3 4 7 3 4 1 1 12 2 . 68 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 1 1 - 5 - 1 - - - - - - 29 2 . 68 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 2 3 4 2 4 - 1 5 - - - - - 33 2. 75 2. 23 3. 19 - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4 4 _ 4 4 3 3 - - - 2 3 5 4 4 - - - - 15 18 2 3 5 4 4 - - - - 34 3. 01 2 2 19 S e e f o o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b le . 8 3 Table 19. Occupational Earnings: Wisconsin— Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w ork ers in selected occupations in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents, January 1968) Occupation and sex Num A v e r Number of w ork ers receiving straight-tim e 1rourly earnings ofber age $1.55 $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95i $2.0CI $2 . 1 0 $2 . 2 0 $2.301 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 12790 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 hourly and of w ork earn under and ers ings 1 $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2.0C1 $2.1C>$ 2 . 2 0 1 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2-90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 over Men— Continued Season ers, hand 6 -------------- 29 $3. 10 44 2^86 . . _ _ . _ 2 . S etters-out, m a ch in e ______ 121 2 .' 9 2 Shaving-machine operators.. 70 60 49 3. 07 3 ?? 3. 02 - . . _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 7 3. 34 3. 11 _ - _ - . - . - _ - . - _ - _ - 67 3. 00 - - - - - - - - S orters, finished le a th e r __ Incentive -----------------------S orters, hide house 6 --------Splitting-m achine operators ________________ TnrpnHvP Spray-m achine op erators ... Tim e -----------------------------Stakers, m a ch in e--------------Timp T a ck ers, to g g le rs, or pasters ___________________ T ogg lers ________________ P a s t e r s _________________ T rim m e rs , beam or hide house, hand ______________ Tim e ____________________ Incentive -----------------------T rim m e rs , dry ___________ T ru ck ers, power (forklift) (all tim e w o r k e r s )______ . 58 34 96 19 77 2 _ _ 2 4 _ 3 7 1 4 4 _ _ _ 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 5 7 1 2 4 3 4 _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ - . _ - - - 4 12 12 3 1 4 4 4 2. 68 2.47 3. 00 2. 40 3.* 14 - - - 6 3 8 _ . _ 3 8 _ _ _ 252 238 58 50 194 188 3. 3. 2. 2. 3! 3. 18 27 77 93 31 36 61 27 34 30 27 2. 1. 3. 3. 3. 75 94 39 03 19 - 44 2. 56 - - 21 2. 30 2. 37 - _ 1 13 - - - 47 18 29 - - - 3 2 ! 71 3 - - - 3 4 4 _ - 3 3 _ - 2 2 2 2 8 6 2 - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ . _ - 3 3 3 _ 7 4 4 10 10 4 4 - 3 8 8 6 6 4 - 3 6 2 2 7 - - - 7 7 - - - 1 1 - 2 2 - 1 - - - _ 1 - 1 - . - _ - 4 1 17 7 5 3 2 2 7 1 5 2 3 2 6 5 2 17 9 5 5 2 1 6 2 3 3 10 17 9 5 5 2 2 4 67 67 54 54 4 15 15 3 60 60 3 5 3 12 12 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 4 5 1 2 57 57 4 6 12 6 7 6 7 6 6 7 5 1 1 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 10 10 57 57 50 50 9 9 3 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 1 - 3 1 1 5 5 8 8 7 2 - . 3 8 2 2 - 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 6 5 - - - 1 2 2 2 - 1 1 2 - 11 4 6 2 7 - 1 2 5 3 - - 4 7 3 1 3 _ 16 - 1 _ 4 5 - 2 - 3 1 2 1 2 1 7 2 6 - - - - 6 6 2 4 - 1 1 7 2 2 1 4 4 7 5 4 4 - 7 _ 10 10 3 . - _ 7 15 15 1 3 3 12 12 10 10 11 - - 1 1 9 2 2 _ 12 22 6 1 2 2 3 16 16 9 6 4 4 20 20 11 21 6 4 - - 3 2 5 5 1 1 2 - - 1 3 3 12 12 17 5 13 3 3 - 5 3 1 1 _ - 7 1 1 3 - 3 5 2 2 1 3 12 2 10 1 2 _ 16 3 1 1 - . - 2 2 12 1 2 - - - - 12 6 6 1 2 - - - 3 6 1 2 - - - - - - 20 4 - - 3 - - - 2 - - - - - - 2 2 - - 1 - 2 - - - - - - - 8 4 7 3 1 2 1 - - - - - 3 4 7 3 2 2 2 2 - - - 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 - - - - - - 4 4 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 1 - - - 2 - - - - - - 5 5 - - - 1 - - - - - - 6 Women C lerks, g e n e r a l-----------------C lerks, p a y r o l l -----------------E m bossing- o r plating p ress o p e r a t o r s --------------Tnrpnti \rf> M easuring -m achine operators ________________ In c e n tiv e ______________________ Season ers, hand ----------------------Incentive --------------------------------Season ers, machine --------------Tim e ___________________________ Spray-m achine op erators — In c e n tiv e --------------------------------Stakers, m achine 6 ____________ Stenographers, g e n e r a l -------T rim m e rs , d r y ------------- -------T i m e ____ _______________ Incentive ------------------------ 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 19 15 19 13 46 37 14 12 18 7 33 14 19 2. 43 1. 98 2. 40 3 3 8 - - - - - - 3 - - - 1 1 2 - - - - - - - 4 2 1 1 - 1 1 - 11 11 - - - - - - 2 2 - - - - - - - - 6 6 2 - - - 18 18 - - - - 4 - - - - - - - 6 - - - - - - - - - 6 - - - - 2 2 - ~ 4 4 1 1 2 2 ' ' 2 . 49 2.44 2. 68 1.97 1. 78 2. 75 2. 85 2. 25 2. 24 2. 25 1. 74 2 . 62 - 2 2 2 - - - 1 4 5 3 2 1 1 - 4 - 2 - - 3 3 1 - - 2 1 1 - 4 1 ' Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data for w ork ers in cla ssification in addition to those shown separately. A ll w ork ers w ere at $4. 20 to $4. 40. W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 4 at $4. 20 to $4.40; 1 at $4. 80 to $5; and 2 at $5 and over. W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 1 at $4. 20 to $ 4.40 and 3 at $ 4 .4 0 to $4. 60. Insufficient data to w arrant publication of separate averages by method of wage payment, predom inantly incentive w ork ers. 1 1 1 1 2 ' ' Table 20. Method o f W age Payment (Percent of production w orkers in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents by method of wage payment, United States, selected regions, States, and areas, January 1968) Regions United States 2 Method of wage payment 1 States New England Middle Atlantic B order States South east Great Lakes Illinois Maine A reas New Hamp W isconsin shire Boston F ulton County (N. Y. ) All w o rk e rs ________________________________ 1 00 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Incentive w o rk e rs ________________________________ Individual p ie c e w o r k _________________________ Group p ie c e w o r k _____________________________ Individual bo n u s______________________________ Group bo n u s__________________________________ T im e-ra te d w o r k e r s _____________________________ F orm al pla n __________________________________ Single r a t e -------------------------------------------------Range o f r a t e s _____________________________ Individual rates-----------------------------------------------Stint w o r k ------------------------------------------------------------ 53 27 56 31 57 32 10 51 38 12 11 10 11 8 64 28 4 32 61 22 35 30 5 45 24 8 52 33 7 57 33 8 57 26 9 1 2 11 7 47 35 30 5 12 1 18 - 44 25 20 5 19 13 5 17 43 40 35 5 3 " 12 11 40 35 35 6 2 - 23 - 68 54 54 13 2 10 48 37 26 11 11 1 - - - 65 65 48 17 - 43 9 9 55 41 30 - 11 - 35 “ 14 “ 4 2 - 36 30 30 5 ~ 49 26 18 8 23 - Newark P h ila and delphia— J e rs e y Camden— City Wilmington 1 00 48 32 13 3 52 46 46 _ 43 17 - 39 37 37 - 3 ' 6 - 100 55 15 31 _ 8 41 37 33 4 4 3 F or definitions of m ethods of wage payment, see appendix A. Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Table 21. Scheduled W eekly Hours (P ercent of production and office w orkers in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents by scheduled w eekly hours, 1 United States, selected regions, States, and areas, January 1968) Regions United States 2 W eekly hours New England Middle Atlantic B order States States South east Great Lakes Illinois Maine A reas New Hamp shire W isconsin Boston Fulton County (N .Y . ) Newark P h ila and delphia— Jersey Camden— City Wilmington Production w ork ers All w o rk e rs_________________________________ 40 h o u r s ___________________________________________ 41 V2 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------------45 h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------------47 V2 h o u r s _________________________________________ 48 h o u r s ___________________________________________ 53 h o u r s ___________________________________________ 1 00 1 00 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 00 100 100 92 100 85 97 74 45 100 100 100 1 6 - - - 1 13 - 5 8 11 - - - _ _ _ - 100 - 74 _ 26 _ _ 1 00 - 89 _ _ _ - - 100 100 100 1 00 100 100 _ 89 (3 ) 4 1 _ - - - 7 _ 3 - 8 - 8 4 _ 33 15 _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ O ffice w ork ers All w o rk e rs_________________________________ Under 35 h o u r s ____________________________________ 35 h o u r s ___________________________________________ Over 35 and under 37V2 hours-------------------------------37 V2 h o u r s _________________________________________ 40 h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------------1 2 3 1 00 1 00 2 6 6 3 4 85 _ (3 ) 93 3 17 100 10 3 67 _ _ 33 67 100 100 100 100 1 7 _ 14 5 74 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 6 _ 100 90 Data relate to the predom inant w ork schedule of full-tim e day-shift w ork ers in each establishm ent. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. L ess than 0„ 5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, 1 00 sums of individual items may not equal totals. 100 _ _ . 100 _ _ 9 91 13 _ _ _ 54 (3 ) _ 10 40 37 100 36 10 11 88 _ T a b ic 22. S hift D iffe r e n tia l P ro v is io n s (Percent of production w orkers by shift differential provisions 1 in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents, United States, selected regions, States, and a r e a s, January 1968) States Regions United States 2 Shift differential New England Middle Atlantic 8 2 2 0 5 2 3 5 7 9 3 0 6 83. 5 67. 6 59. 6 42. 9 - 66. 1 55. 1 48. 5 _ 14. 8 1 .6 _ _ _ 2 9 .4 2. 7 Uniform percentage ________________________ 5 p ercen t__________________________________ 10 percent _______________________________ 4. 0 1. 5 2. 5 8. 0 8. 0 6. 7 6. 7 - - - Having no shift differential ___________________ 10. 6 15.9 11. 0 65. 60. 58. 3. 4. 5. 10. 6. 1. 14. 6. 1. 1. 2. 74. 0 61. 6 59. 6 4. 8 27. 5 6. 4 6. 6 14. 3 - 36. 6 36. 6 33. 2 2. 1 _ 1. 6 26. 8 . _ 2. 7 Border States South east Great Lakes A reas Illinois Maine New H am p shire 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 _ _ 79. 5 15. 1 _ _ _ _ 5. 4 75. 1 34. 3 34. 3 34. 3 _ _ - 100. 0 85. 5 85. 5 _ 69. 9 _ 15. 7 - W isconsin Boston Fulton County (N. Y .) Newark and Jersey City P hila delphia— Camden— Wilmington Second shift W orkers in establishm ents having second-shift provisions _____ __ ____ Having shift differential _____________________ Uniform cents per h our____________________ 3 cents . . . 4 cents ____________________________________ 5 cents _________ __________________________ 6 cents ____________________________________ 7 cents ____________________________________ 7 Vz cents -------------- --------------------- -------------8 cents ______________________________ 9 cents ____________________________________ 10 cents ______________________ __________ 11 cents ___________________________________ 79. 69. 65. 1. 3. 33. 1. 4. . 6. 1. 12. . ?. J 14. 3 - 79. 8 57. 4 57. 4 12. 8 44. 6 _ _ _ _ _ 39. 2 36. 1 36. 1 _ 36. 1 _ _ _ _ _ " - _ 94. 1 91. 0 91. 0 3. 6 8. 2 36. 4 3. 5 8. 8 _ 8. 7 4. 8 16. 9 - - _ _ - - - - 22. 5 3. 1 3. 2 - 61. 5 53. 9 53. 9 2 1 .4 12. 8 _ _ 4. 7 15. 1 _ _ 23. 7 23. 7 20. 5 _ _ _ 20. 5 _ _ _ " - 89. 1 82. 6 82. 6 7. 5 5. 4 18. 6 9 .4 _ 17. 8 9. 8 14. 0 92. 9 92. 9 _ _ 57. 5 _ _ 3 5 .4 _ _ 28. 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - - - - _ - _ - - - - _ - 73. 6 73. 6 6 5 .4 _ _ 40. 9 _ _ _ _ _ 14. 1 10. 5 8. 1 8. 1 95. 7 49. 7 27. 0 _ _ 27. 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 22. 7 22. 7 - - 28. 8 - 46. 0 40. 8 14. 5 6. 5 70. 5 34. 3 34. 3 17. 5 5. 7 11. 1 _ _ 85. 5 85. 5 85. 5 _ _ _ 18. 2 22. 7 44. 7 _ _ 82. 6 82. 6 82. 6 7. 5 7. 0 5. 4 1 1 .6 17. 8 9. 8 9 .4 14. 0 92. 9 92. 9 92. 9 _ _ _ 57. 5 _ 35. 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ - - - - " - - - 16. 4 16. 4 - - - - - 15. 5 Third or other late shift W orkers in establishm ents having thirdor other late-sh ift provisions Having shift d iffe r e n tia l____________________ Uniform cents per h ou r____________________ 5 cents _____ ____________________________ 6 c’ents ______________ __________ _______ 7 cents ____________________________________ 7 V2 cents __________________________________ 8 cents ____________________________ ____ ___ 9 cents ______ ____ __________________ _____ 10 c e n t s ______________ ____ _______________ 12 cents .. .. . 13 cents ___________________________________ 14 c e n t s ________________________ __________ 15 cents __ _ _ ... . ___ Uniform percentage ...... . _. 7 V2 percent _____________________________ 10 percent , _ ..... _ . .. Having no shift differential 1 4 9 5 3 9 2 3 6 4 9 3 9 5 _ 1. 6 .7 .8 2. 0 2. 0 3. 3 3. 3 - - - 3. 1 3. 1 4. 7 12. 5 - 7. 6 - 87. 87. 87. 3. 11. 10. 5. 8. 5. 17. 8. 4. 4. 6. 6 6 6 6 3 8 5 2 6 7 7 8 6 8 100. 0 10 0 .0 _ _ - - 15. 4 33. 1 31. 8 _ _ _ 19. 7 _ _ _ - _ - _ - - - 36. 2 - _ 5 1 .4 5 1 .4 5 1 .4 _ _ _ _ _ _ 40. 9 _ _ _ 10. 5 _ 51. 7 36. 2 19. 8 19. 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 1 R e fers to policies of establishments either currently operating late shifts or having provisions covering late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. N O TE : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. CO Cl) T a b le 23. S h ift D iffe r e n tia l ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d o n la t e d iffe r e n t ia l, U n ite d S t a t e s , Practices s h if t s in l e a t h e r t a n n in g a n d f i n i s h i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y a m o u n t o f p a y s e le c te d r e g io n s , S ta tes, and a re a s , Jan u ary Regions United States 1 Shift differential New England Middle Atlantic 1968) States Border States South east Great Lake s 6. 2 5. 0 4 .4 2. 8 . 1 1.5 .1 6. 2 3. 3 3. 3 _ 3. 3 . . 6. 3 '6 . 0 6. 0 6. 0 . . . 16. 3 1 5 .4 1 5 .4 .5 1 .4 3. 8 .6 1. 6 2. 2 .6 4. 7 - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - Illinois A rea s Newark and Jersey City Maine New H am p shire W isconsin Boston Fulton County (N. Y .) 10. 3 3. 5 3. 5 . - 23. 5 22. 4 2 1. 1 1. 3 - 19. 5 17. 5 17. 5 1. 0 . 5 4. 0 2. 0 4. 5 1. 3 4. 2 1 1 .4 11 .4 1 1 .4 5 .4 6. 0 - 3. 9 - - - _ - _ - P hiladelphia— Camden— Wilmington Second shift W orkers employed on second s h ift ......... ...... ........... Receiving shift d iffe r e n tia l............ ...... .............. Uniform cents per h ou r_______________ _____ 3 cents ____________________________________ 4 cents ...................................... .................... 5 cents ____________________________________ 6 cents ____________________________________ 7 cents ______________ ___________________ cents ___________________________ ____ 8 cents __________________ ____ _____________ 9 cents _______________________________ ____ 10 cents ___________________________________ 1 1 cents ... .......... 10 . 6 Uniform percentage ________________________ 5 percen t________ _ _____________________ 1 0 p e r c e n t________ _____ ____ ____________ . 3 . 1 .2 .7 .7 .6 .6 - - - - - - Receiving no shift d iffe r e n tia l_________ _______ 1. 5 2. 2 1. 2 2. 9 . 3 .9 - 6. 8 2. 9 2. 6 2. 6 3. 2 .2 .6 .2 .6 .6 .6 _ _ . - .5 . 1 . . 1 _ . . 1 . 1 _ _ 6. 1 6. 1 6. 1 - - - - 1. 7 1. 7 1. 7 1. 3 - 5. 3 2. 2 2. 2 .4 .3 - .6 - . - _ - 3. 5 3. 5 3. 5 .8 2. 7 - - - - - _ _ . 1 . 1 11.7 9. 6 8 .9 _ 6. 3 .2 2. 4 . - 9. 1 8. 8 . 1 .4 4. 3 .2 . 5 . 1 1 .4 .2 1. 6 (2) - 10 . 2 10 . 2 10 . 2 7. 4 2. 5 .4 - - _ - _ - _ - - - - - 1. 1 1 .9 - 2. 9 2. 9 2. 9 - 5. 3 5. 3 5. 3 .2 .6 _ 2. 2 .5 .4 L 4 _ _ 13. 3 13. 3 12. 3 10. 4 _ 1. 5 . 5 10. 5 4. 6 2. 8 _ 2. 8 _ _ - .9 .9 - 1 .8 1 .8 3. 9 - 5. 9 _ - 1 .4 1 .4 1 .4 1 .4 - - - - - _ - . . - - .8 " Third or other late shift W orkers employed on third or other late shift ___________________________________________ Receiving shift d iffe r e n tia l____________________ Uniform cents per hour ____________________ 5 cents ____________________________________ 7 cents ____________________________________ l l/z cents _________________________________ 8 cents __________ ____ _____________________ 9 cents ____________________________________ 10 c e n t s __________________________ ________ 12 cents ___________________________________ 1 3 cents ___________________________________ 14 cents ___________________________________ 1 5 cent s .......... ....... (2 ) .2 .2 .2 . 1 1 .0 . . . . Uniform percentage _______________________ 10 p e r c e n t__________________ __________ ___ Receiving no shift differential ... _ 5 1 1 2 (2) (2) . - 1. 0 .4 - - - •4 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s L e s s th a n 0. 05 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B ecau se of r o u n d in g , in a d d it io n su m s of to th ose in d iv id u a l sh ow n s e p a r a te ly . ite m s m ay not equal t o t a ls . _ i 1 2 . .4 .2 .6 . 3 2. 5 1. 1 .2 .2 .7 - .4 - 1 .8 1 .8 .9 . 1 .7 _ - - - - - - 3. 5 - - 1 .0 _ 1 .9 - : | - .8 _ _ - - T a b le 24. P aid H o lid a y s (Percent of production and office w orkers in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents having form al provisions for paid holidays, United S tates, selected regions, States, and a r e a s, January 1968) R e g io n s Number of paid holidays S ta tes U n ite d S ta tes 1 N ew E n g la n d M id d le B ord er S ou th G reat A tla n tic S ta tes east L akes I llin o is M a in e A reas N ew H am p F u lto n W is c o n s in B o sto n s h ir e C o u n ty (N . Y . ) N ew ark and Jersey C it y P h ila d e lp h ia — C am den— 'W i l m i n g t o n P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r s-----------------------------------------------------W orkers in establishm ents providing paid h o lid a y s-----------------------------------------------------------3 days --------------------------------------------------------------------4 days --------------------------------------------------------------------5 days --------------------------------------------------------------------6 days --------------------------------------------------------------------6 days plus 1 or 2 half d a y s------------------------------7 days plus 2 half d a y s --------------------------------------8 days --------------------------------------------------------------------8 days plus 2 half d a y s --------------------------------------9 days --------------------------------------------------------------------9 days plus 2 half d a y s --------------------------------------10 d a y s-------------------------------------------------------------------10 days plus 2 half days ------------------------------------1 1 d a y s-------------------------------------------------------------------1 2 days -----------------------------------------------------------------W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid h o lid a y s------------------------------------------------------------ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 99 100 84 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 100 100 " - - - " - " 22 33 15 30 26 - 7 - 4 _ 20 15 20 22 10 15 17 - 3 (2) 1 3 15 9 12 8 19 2 10 (2) 4 1 13 3 " 7 15 - 6 - 7 - 11 5 9 - 43 _ 27 3 _ - 9 24 2 33 - 10 27 - 46 - 13 - 17 - 6 29 20 8 31 31 _ _ _ _ - 18 - - 80 - - 4 _ _ - - 27 - - - - - - - 8 2 6 11 21 - 4 - - - - - _ 29 - - 16 41 (2) 2 1 1 - _ _ 15 _ 17 _ 13 41 _ 7 10 6 _ 16 _ 57 _ _ 17 _ 6 - 96 - - 16 _ 8 3 O ffic e w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r sW orkers in establishm ents providing paid h o lid a y s----------------------------------------3 days -------------------------------------------------4 days --------------------------------------------------5 days --------------------------------------------------6 days 6 days plus 1 or 2 half days 7 days -------------------------------------7 days plus 2 half d a y s --------8 d a y s -------------------------------------8 days plus 2 half d a y s --------9 days -------------------------------------9 days plus 2 half d a y s --------10 days 10 days plus 1 or 2 half days 1 1 days 1 2 days W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid h o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 10 97 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - 6 - - “ - - - - - 5 5 37 _ 18 33 14 25 18 _ 6 7 27 _ 11 10 _ _ _ _ - 9 24 16 - 23 26 11 53 - 16 _ _ 46 _ - 10 44 69 _ 30 24 _ _ _ _ _ 10 17 - 40 14 - 19 _ _ - - - 11 22 - - - 13 - 99 - _ - 10 - " - - - 1 (2) 1 12 10 3 9 _ - _ 9 9 11 21 9 19 4 - - 3 - 23 36 - 4 - 38 7 3 2 11 (2 ) 3 12 2 1 - 3 3 3 (2) - - 2 19 57 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. L e ss than 0. 5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal total: 28 _ _ - " - 20 - - " - - - " - 3 - - - “ - - 1 79 - 7 _ _ 6 _ 2 13 _ T a b le 25. P aid V a c a tio n s (P ercent of production and o ffic e w orkers in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents having form al provision s fo r paid vacations after selected p eriods of s e r v ic e , United States, selected region s, States, and a re a s, January 1968) State s Regions Vacation policy United States 1 New England Middle Atlantic Border States South east Great Lakes Illinois Maine A reas New Hamp shire W isconsin Boston Fulton County ( N .Y .) Newark P h ila delphia— and J erse y Camden— City Wilmington Production workers A ll w o rk ers------------------------------------------------------- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 79 100 100 66 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 16 2 2 8 100 88 12 7 - 84 64 19 - 100 34 - 100 100 100 100 - 92 100 100 8 - - 100 - - - 1 " - 16 “ - - ■ - “ 96 (3) 3 98 - 94 2 4 84 - 96 4 83 17 93 7 100 100 100 100 92 100 - - - - 8 - 90 4 5 91 92 4 4 100 - 84 - - - 87 9 4 83 17 93 7 100 100 - - - - 84 16 - 100 - 97 3 100 - 70 67 88 2 10 100 , 84 _ 53 13 34 39 _ 61 64 17 18 91 9 52 9 39 61 3 35 100 84 - 8 8 84 16 3 97 - 84 - - - - - - 100 100 95 - 93 - _ 100 - _ 3 97 - 3 97 - 5 _ 95 _ 100 3 97 _ - _ 76 _ 7 _ 21 _ _ _ 7 93 _ 79 100 5 64 32 _ 18 _ 82 _ 65 _ 35 3 97 5 69 _ 26 89 _ - - - - - 3 97 - 5 _ 85 31 53 _ 6 - 82 100 99 - 3 97 . - 5 31 54 _ _ 3 97 5 _ _ 1 31 54 6 11 99 _ - 83 “ “ 10 - Method of payment W orkers in establishm ents providing paid vacations----------------------------------------------------------L en gth -of-tim e paym ents-----------------------------------P ercentage p a y m e n t-------------------------------------------F la t-su m p aym en t-----------------------------------------------O th e r ----------------------------------------------------------------------W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid vacations----------------------------------------------------------- 85 - 75 19 - 6 - 47 28 26 - - Amount of vacation pay 2 After 1 year of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------2 w e e k s ------------------------------ -----------------------------------After 2 years of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------2 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------After 3 years of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------2 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------A fter 5 years of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------3 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------A fter 10 years of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------3 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------After 15 years of serv ic e: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------------3 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------4 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------A fter 20 years of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------------4 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ----------------------------------After 25 years of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------3 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------------Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ----------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. 1 8 6 6 23 27 2 (3) 94 1 2 2 4 2 1 88 98 - - 6 1 2 2 62 69 _ 29 81 5 1 35 11 100 - 2 2 19 73 6 34 59 5 3 32 65 _ 1 2 2 3 18 39 40 17 22 34 31 30 3 40 37 - 1 20 71 7 1 58 - 20 31 28 25 - _ _ 5 7 - 5 49 26 86 7 7 - 20 - _ 83 17 - 5 49 15 32 - 7 7 _ 5 49 15 32 66 ~ " 6 61 33 - 1 2 2 3 17 22 40 37 31 28 25 6 33 55 2 “ 34 15 46 3 - " 7 59 _ 12 18 27 50 20 - _ 39 61 ■ 20 66 - 7 7 20 10 64 26 100 - - 10 37 53 - 10 29 46 14 - 1 - - - 10 10 - _ - _ 11 30 70 - 6 11 83 - T a b le (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o ffic e w o r k e r s 25. Paid V a c a tio n s — C o n tin u e d in l e a t h e r t a n n i n g a n d f i n i s h i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p a i d v a c a t i o n s U n ite d S t a t e s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S t a t e s , a n d a r e a s , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 8 ) Regions United States 1 Vacation policy a fte r s e le c te d p e r io d s o f s e r v ic e , States New England Middle Atlantic Border States South east Great Lakes 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 96 100 100 100 95 4 92 90 100 100 10 3 - 8 1 - - " - " “ 45 55 45 55 47 53 34 3 63 41 59 30 Illinois Areas Newark P h ila and delphia— Jersey Camden— City Wilmington New Hamp shire W isconsin 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - - Maine Boston Fulton County ( N .Y .) Office workers A ll w o rk ers-----------------------------------------------------Method of payment W orkers in establishments providing paid vacations---------------------------------------------------------L en gth -of-tim e p aym ents----------------------------------Percentage payment -------------------------------------------F la t-su m p aym e n t-----------------------------------------------W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid vacations---------------------------------------------------------- - - 78 7 15 - - - “ 55 45 47 53 38 62 37 63 37 63 39 61 55 45 47 53 15 7 78 37 63 40 60 39 61 55 45 47 53 8 7 85 2 2 94 4 4 96 - 10 94 4 90 - 3 97 - 92 4 76 5 15 - 90 - 3 90 - 6 17 75 - 8 3 37 60 - 5 1 - 95 5 _ - 74 26 41 59 30 70 68 37 63 74 26 13 87 29 71 68 18 82 37 63 70 30 7 93 29 71 68 54 46 5 95 - 7 93 - - - 11 8 _ 100 100 - 89 - 92 - 100 - 5 49 46 5 78 17 - 7 67 - 11 8 89 - 81 - 26 - 30 70 - _ 48 52 _ 5 55 40 - 7 9 85 - 11 8 89 - 17 64 29 5 49 46 5 49 46 5 55 23 17 7 9 17 67 - - - - 5 55 23 17 7 9 17 67 ~ - Amount of vacation pay 2 After 1 year of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------After 2 years of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------2 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------After 3 years of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------2 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------After 5 years of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------3 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------After 10 years of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------3 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------4 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------After 15 years of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------3 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s ------------------- —---------- — —-------- -— —--------After 20 years of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------- -----------------------------4 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ---------------------------------After 25 years of service: 1 week -------------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------3 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------4 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ---------------------------------- 2 68 2 2 50 2 49 49 - 2 2 18 70 15 83 - 1 44 10 2 17 32 48 2 12 2 68 2 " 18 B ecau se of r o u n d in g , sum s of in d iv id u a l ite m s m ay not equal 17 28 45 53 - - - 3 37 5 30 60 5 10 17 28 45 " 3 37 6 6 53 " 6 30 65 a m o u n ts w e r e c o n v e r t e d to an e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s is . F o r e x a m p l e , c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s i n d i c a t e d a t 10 3 Less than 0 . 5 percent. NOTE: 66 5 54 41 10 4 37 15 42 3 1 I n c lu d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s in a d d i t io n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 V a c a t io n p a y m e n t s s u c h a s p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n in g s an d f la t - s u m r e f l e c t n e c e s s a r i l y th e in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s i o n . t w e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . 17 72 - 4 37 23 33 3 2 12 17 23 56 10 4 37 56 3 19 67 - 1 10 8 t o t a ls . 6 94 - 6 - 57 36 100 - - 6 38 55 - - 32 32 - 32 - 36 64 17 83 36 64 17 83 36 64 17 83 10 _ 10 - _ 6 94 - 11 8 - 17 6 8 99 89 - 54 - - 10 1 10 87 - - - 11 8 6 22 - 89 17 10 6 8 63 9 100 - 54 87 " - 10 P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e r e c h o s e n a r b itr a r ily an d d o n ot y e a r s m a y in c lu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e T a b le 26. H ea lth , In su ra n ce , and R e tire m e n t Plans (Pe rcent of production and o ffice w orkers in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents having specified health, insurance, and pension plans, United States, selected region s, States, and a re a s , January 1968) States Regions Type o f p la n 1 United States 2 New England Middle Atlantic B order States South east Great Lakes Illinois Maine Areas New Hamp shire W isconsin Boston Fulton County (N .Y .) Newark P h ila and delphia— Jersey Camden— City W ilmington Produ ction w ork ers A ll w ork ers ■ W orkers in establishm ents providing: L ife in s u r a n c e --------------------------------E m ployer financed --------------------Jointly financed A ccidental death and dism em berm ent insurance ------------------------------------------E m ployer financed ■ Jointly financed ■ Sickness and accident insurance o r sick leave o r both 3 ---------------------------------------Sickness and accident insurance ----------E m ployer fin a n c e d ---------------------------Jointly fin a n c e d --------------------------------Sick leave (full pay, no waiting p e r io d )Sick leave (partial pay o r waiting p eriod) H ospitalization insurance ■ Em ployer financed -----Jointly financed ----------S urgical insurance ■ E m ployer financed ■ Jointly financed ■ M edical in s u r a n c e -----------------------------------E m ployer financed -----------------------------Jointly financed ----------------------------------Catastrophe insurance ----------------------------E m ployer financed -----------------------------Jointly financed ----------------------------------Retirem ent plans 4 -----------------------------------Retirem ent pension ----------------------------E m ployer financed-------------------------Jointly financed -----------------------------Lum p-sum paym ents---------------------------No plans .---------------------------------------------------See footnotes at end o f table. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 77 18 95 72 23 94 93 100 71 100 100 12 94 63 30 98 63 35 97 97 - 100 - 95 77 18 93 81 59 97 82 15 86 70 30 81 5 93 7 59 54 5 62 58 4 76 75 47 44 3 67 67 - 69 62 7 70 70 - 38 31 7 57 57 - 97 97 - 47 42 5 15 15 - 83 73 84 65 56 9 82 82 71 75 64 38 26 86 74 74 ~ 96 96 63 33 95 59 59 - 97 97 97 67 67 34 33 77 77 70 7 19 90 78 _ 97 97 100 80 78 12 - 90 78 96 96 20 100 84 16 61 12 10 96 84 13 96 83 13 84 76 1 11 44 89 85 72 13 61 5 6 2 86 86 70 100 100 100 16 16 - 25 . 100 100 100 - 11 - 16 20 84 74 12 36 21 40 40 - 96 96 42 35 7 77 70 63 7 12 32 84 16 81 65 16 80 12 8 12 44 35 9 90 78 45 38 7 72 69 62 7 4 1 1 _ - _ 73 73 73 61 61 - 2 32 29 16 49 49 49 _ _ _ - - 22 100 78 11 100 100 95 - 7 95 100 100 22 - 65 59 7 67 52 15 73 73 50 50 66 7 9 - 88 88 7 95 88 12 100 100 76 24 56 44 100 100 76 24 56 44 53 39 14 67 37 30 51 51 37 14 100 76 24 71 64 7 100 100 100 7 43 36 7 54 54 54 _ _ _ _ _ - 5 9 " - 67 67 _ 86 77 77 _ 35 98 93 5 98 93 5 98 93 5 42 38 5 90 90 90 _ _ 80 80 80 47 47 47 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 3 " 97 97 100 100 _ _ _ 97 97 95 95 96 96 96 96 _ _ _ 97 97 95 95 96 96 _ _ 91 91 25 25 _ _ _ _ 70 70 30 40 _ - T a b le 26. H ealth, In su ra n ce, and R e tir e m e n t P lans— C o n tin u e d (P ercen t of production and office w orkers in leather tanning and finishing establishm ents having specified health, insurance, and pension plans, United States, selected region s, States, and a re a s , January 1968) Regions Type o f plan 1 United States 2 New England Middle Atlantic Border States States South east G reat Lakes Illinois Maine A reas New Hamp shire W isconsin Boston Fulton County (N. Y .) P h ila Newark delphia— and Jersey Camden— City Wilmington O ffice w orkers A ll w o rk e rs -------------------------------------------------W orkers in establishm ents providing: Life in s u r a n c e -------------------------------------------------E m ployer financed ------------------------------------Jointly financed -----------------------------------------A ccidental death and dism em berm ent insurance ------------------------------------------------------E m ployer financed ------------------------------------Jointly financed -----------------------------------------Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave o r both 3 ----------------------------------------------Sickness and accident in s u r a n c e --------------E m ployer fin a n c e d -------------------------------Jointly financed ------------------------------------Sick leave (full pay, no waiting p e rio d )-----Sick leave (partial pay o r waiting p e r io d ) ------------------------------------------------------H ospitalization in s u r a n c e ------------------------------E m ployer fin a n c e d ------------------------------------Jointly fin a n c e d -----------------------------------------Surgical insurance -----------------------------------------E m ployer fin a n c e d ------------------------------------Jointly fin a n c e d -----------------------------------------M edical in s u r a n c e -------------------------------------------E m ployer fin a n c e d ------------------------------------Jointly fin a n c e d -----------------------------------------Castastrophe in s u r a n c e ----------------------------------E m ployer fin a n c e d ------------------------------------Jointly financed -----------------------------------------R etirem ent plans 4 -------------------------------------------Retirem ent p e n s io n -----------------------------------E m ployer financed -------------------------------Jointly financed ------------------------------------Lum p-sum paym ents----------------------------------No p la n s ------------------------------------------------------------ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 93 93 43 50 86 100 100 100 85 62 23 93 67 26 100 96 26 70 89 89 - 83 75 100 62 38 68 8 60 100 84 33 8 8 48 41 7 38 33 4 64 62 24 17 7 40 49 40 - 25 25 - 89 89 - 36 27 8 59 59 - 49 43 32 45 38 7 13 13 - 80 51 36 14 31 91 44 38 82 73 53 88 85 85 59 59 70 39 95 25 25 89 89 89 47 20 11 71 45 29 16 26 100 100 100 6 82 42 13 29 53 69 69 27 42 - (5) 96 85 92 84 94 94 8 - 92 83 9 92 83 9 69 62 7 67 62 54 91 91 60 11 96 84 12 81 74 7 62 50 12 68 66 56 _ 2 2 86 86 - - 68 53 15 17 _ - 26 _ 65 35 6 21 19 31 _ _ _ 100 100 100 95 100 100 69 31 71 29 83 17 100 100 88 100 100 100 7 95 76 24 79 _ 91 91 69 31 81 69 71 29 97 - 12 47 47 _ 29 29 83 17 59 54 5 78 52 26 81 81 63 18 _ 9 - _ 57 57 57 8 _ 4 4 2 2 1 6 11 72 47 26 26 8 67 33 84 8-4 50 34 68 _ 29 53 53 53 - _ _ “ - 100 100 - 40 40 _ 86 86 _ 88 88 88 88 7 95 88 7 37 30 7 38 38 38 _ _ _ _ _ " “ 5 100 _ 21 100 _ 70 _ _ - 8 92 98 60 52 8 38 . _ 97 97 89 89 100 100 - _ - _ 97 95 89 89 92 92 100 100 100 100 76 24 79 21 2 _ _ _ 100 47 47 97 95 89 89 92 92 100 100 76 24 67 50 17 85 80 57 24 4 _ - 2 _ _ 68 87 87 89 89 37 37 32 35 73 73 50 23 _ _ _ 72 72 72 66 66 66 47 47 47 _ _ - _ _ _ - 2 11 _ _ _ _ 79 79 48 31 _ 1 Includes only those plans for which at least part o f the cost is borne by the em ployer and excludes legally required plans, such as w orkm en 's com pensation and socia l security; how ever, plans required by State tem porary disability laws are included if the em ployer contributes m ore than is legally required or the em ployees receiv e benefits in excess of the legal requirem ents. 2 Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Unduplicated total of w ork ers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately. 4 Unduplicated total of w ork ers in plants having provisions fo r pension plans or lum p-sum payments shown separately. 5 L ess than 0. 5 percent. NOTE: Because o f rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals. 03 (0 Appendix A. Scope and Method o f Survey S cop e o f S u rvey T h e s u r v e y in c lu d e d e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in ta n n in g , c u r r y i n g , an d f i n i s h in g h id e s and s k in s in to le a t h e r (in d u s tr y 3 1 1 1 , e x c e p t le a t h e r c o n v e r t e r s , a s d e fin e d in th e 1967 e d it io n o f th e S ta n d a rd I n d u s t r ia l C la s s if ic a t i o n M a n u a l, p r e p a r e d b y th e B u r e a u o f th e B u d g e t). S e p a r a te a u x ilia r y u n it s , su ch a s c e n t r a l o f f i c e s , w e r e e x c lu d e d . T h e e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d w e r e s e le c t e d f r o m th o s e e m p lo y in g 20 w o r k e r s at the t im e o f r e f e r e n c e o f th e d ata u s e d in c o m p ilin g the u n i v e r s e l i s t s . or m ore T h e n u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s an d w o r k e r s a c t u a lly s tu d ie d b y the B u r e a u , a s w e ll a s th e n u m b e r e s t im a t e d to b e w ith in s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y d u r in g th e p a y r o ll p e r io d s tu d ie d , a r e sh ow n in the fo llo w in g ta b le : Estimated Number of Establishments and Workers Within Scope o f Survey and Number Studied, Leather Tanning and Finishing Industry, January 1968 Numb<2r o f establish ments 2 Region,1 State, and area Within scope of study Studied Workers in establishments Studied Within scope of survey Total ^ Production workers Office workers Total United States 4 ---------------------------- 247 132 27, 347 23,712 1,076 20,077 New England®-----------------------------New Hampshire----------—---------M a in e ------------------------------------Boston (Peabody, Salem, and Lynn), Mass 8 ---------------Middle Atlantic 5 ------------------------Fulton County, N. Y --------------Newark and Jersey City 7 - — - — Philadelphia, Pa.—Camden, N. J.—Wilmington, Del 8 — — Border States------------------ -----------Southeast--------------— ----------- — — Great Lakes 8 -------------------------— Illinois --------------------- --------- — Wisconsin---------------- -------------- 92 14 13 48 8 9 8, 732 1,280 2,279 7,512 1,097 2,007 357 46 60 6, 306 951 1,915 43 70 23 18 26 34 11 9 3,661 6,040 1,469 1,542 2, 996 5, 298 1,310 1,328 201 219 38 59 2,962 4,021 857 1,134 10 16 11 45 11 22 9 14 8 24 7 11 1,241 2,488 1,518 7,732 1,733 3,834 1,064 2,214 1,374 6,564 1,495 3,136 52 58 62 346 57 204 1,212 2,211 1,296 5,923 1,307 3,097 1 The regions used in this study include: New England— Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic— New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Border States— Delaware, District o f Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia; Southeast—Alabama. Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; and Great Lakes— Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. 2 Includes only establishments having 20 workers or more at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists. 3 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the production and office worker categories shown separately. 4 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study. 5 Includes data for States or areas in addition to those shown separately. 8 Includes Suffolk County, 15 communities in Essex County, 30 in Middlesex County, 20 in Norfolk County, and 9 in Plymouth County. 7 Includes Essex, Hudson, Morris, and Union Counties, N. J. 8 Includes Philadelphia County, Pa. , Camden County, N. J. , and New Castle County, Del. Data for Wilmington, Del. , are not included in the data for the Middle Atlantic region but are included in that for the Border States, since Delaware is part of the latter region. 40 41 M e t h o d o f Study D ata w e r e o b t a i n e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f the B u r e a u ' s f i e l d s t a f f. The su rv ey w as c o n d u c t e d on a s a m p l e b a s i s . T o o b ta in a p p r o p r i a t e a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e r a t h e r than s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w a s s tu d ie d . In c o m b i n i n g the d ata, h o w e v e r , a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w e r e given th eir a p p r o p r ia te w eight. A ll estim a tes are p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e l a t i n g to a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the i n d u s t r y , e x c l u d i n g o n ly t h o s e b e l o w the m i n i m u m s i z e at the t i m e o f r e f e r e n c e o f the u n i v e r s e d a ta . E s t a b l i s h m e n t D e f in it io n A n e s t a b l i s h m e n t , f o r p u r p o s e s o f t h is s tu d y , i s d e f i n e d a s a s in g l e p h y s i c a l l o c a t i o n w h ere in d u stria l op era tion s a re p e r fo r m e d . A n e s t a b l i s h m e n t i s not n e c e s s a r i l y i d e n t i c a l w ith the c o m p a n y , w h i c h m a y c o n s i s t o f on e o r m o r e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . E m p loy m en t T he e s t i m a t e s o f the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f the study a r e in t e n d e d a s a g e n e r a l g u id e to the s i z e and c o m p o s i t i o n o f the l a b o r f o r c e i n c l u d e d in the s u r v e y . The a d v a n c e p la n n in g n e c e s s a r y to m a k e a w a g e s u r v e y r e q u i r e s the u s e o f the l i s t s o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a s s e m b l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f the p a y r o l l p e r i o d stu d ie d . P rod u ction W o rk e rs T h e t e r m ’ ’p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s , ” a s u s e d in th is b u l l e t i n , i n c l u d e s w o r k i n g f o r e m e n and a l l n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s e n g a g e d in n o n o f f i c e f u n c t i o n s . A d m in istra tiv e , ex ecu tiv e, p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c t i o n e m p l o y e e s , w h o w e r e u t i l i z e d a s a s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e on the f i r m ' s ow n p r o p e r t i e s , w e r e e x c l u d e d . O ffice W orkers The te rm a d m inistrative, " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " i n c l u d e s a l l n o n s u p e r v i s o r y o f f i c e w o r k e r s and e x c l u d e s e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n i c a l e m p l o y e e s . O c c u p a t i o n s S e l e c t e d f o r Study O c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w a s b a s e d on a u n i f o r m set o f j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t and i n t e r a r e a v a r i a t i o n s in d u t ie s w ith in the s a m e j o b . (S e e a p p e n d i x B f o r t h e s e d e s c r i p t i o n s . ) The o c cu p a tio n s w e r e c h o s e n fo r th eir n u m e r ic a l i m p o r t a n c e , t h e i r u s e f u l n e s s in c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g , o r t h e i r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e n e s s o f the e n t i r e j o b s c a l e in the i n d u s t r y . W o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s , a p p r e n t i c e s , l e a r n e r s , b e g i n n e r s , t r a i n e e s , h a n d i c a p p e d , p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s w e r e n ot r e p o r t e d in th e data f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s but w e r e i n c l u d e d in the data f o r a ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s . W a g e Data T h e w a g e i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t e s to a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , e x c l u d i n g p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h i f t s . In cen tive p a y m e n t s , su ch a s t h o s e r e s u l t i n g f r o m p i e c e w o r k o r p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s s y s t e m s and c o s t - o f l i v in g b o n u s e s , w e r e i n c l u d e d a s p a r t o f the w o r k e r ' s r e g u l a r p a y ; but n o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s p a y m e n ts, such as C h r is tm a s or y e a r e n d b o n u s e s , w e r e e x clu d e d . A v e r a g e (m e a n ) h o u r l y r a t e s o r e a r n i n g s f o r e a c h o c c u p a t i o n o r o t h e r g r o u p o f w o r k e r s , s u c h a s p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s , w e r e c a l c u l a t e d b y w e i g h t in g e a c h r a t e ( o r h o u r l y e a r n in g ) b y the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g the r a t e , t o t a l i n g , and d iv i d i n g b y the n u m b e r o f i n d i vid u als. T h e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s o f s a l a r i e d w o r k e r s w e r e o b t a i n e d b y d iv i d i n g t h e i r s t r a i g h t t i m e s a l a r y b y n o r m a l r a t h e r than a c t u a l h o u r s . T h e m e d i a n d e s i g n a t e s p o s i t i o n , that i s , o n e - h a l f o f the e m p l o y e e s s u r v e y e d r e c e i v e d m o r e th an t h is r a t e and o n e - h a l f r e c e i v e d l e s s . T h e m i d d l e r a n g e is d e f i n e d b y t w o r a t e s o f p a y ; o n e - f o u r t h o f the e m p l o y e e s e a r n e d l e s s than the l o w e r o f t h e s e r a t e s and o n e - f o u r t h e a r n e d m o r e than the h i g h e r r a t e . 42 S ize o f C om m u n ity T a b u l a t i o n s b y s i z e o f c o m m u n i t y p e r t a i n to m e t r o p o l i t a n and n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . T h e t e r m " m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a , " a s u s e d in th is b u l l e t i n , r e f e r s t o the S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s a s d e f i n e d by the U . S . B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t t h r o u g h A p r i l 1967. E x c e p t in N e w E n g l a n d , a S ta n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a i s d e f i n e d a s a c o u n t y o r g r o u p o f c o n t ig u o u s c o u n t i e s w h i c h c o n t a i n s at l e a s t on e c i t y o f 50 , 000 in h a b ita n ts o r m o r e . C o n t ig u o u s c o u n t i e s t o the o n e c o n t a in i n g s u c h a c i t y a r e i n c l u d e d in the S ta n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a , i f , a c c o r d i n g to c e r t a i n c r i t e r i a , th e y a r e e s s e n t i a l l y m e t r o p o l i t a n in c h a r a c t e r and a r e s o c i a l l y and e c o n o m i c a l l y i n t e g r a t e d w ith the c e n t r a l c i t y . In N e w E n g l a n d , w h e r e th e c i t y and to w n a r e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e l y m o r e im p o r t a n t than the c o u n t y , th e y a r e the u n its u s e d in d e fi n i n g S ta n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s . L a b or-M a n a g em en t A g reem en ts S e p a r a t e w a g e data a r e p r e s e n t e d , w h e r e p o s s i b l e , f o r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g (1) a m a j o r i t y o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s , and (2) n o n e o r a m i n o r i t y o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s . M eth od o f Wage P a ym en t T a b u l a t i o n s b y m e t h o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t r e l a t e t o the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s p a id u n d e r the v a r i o u s t i m e and in c e n t i v e w a g e s y s t e m s . F o r m a l rate s tru ctu re s fo r t im e -r a t e d w o r k e r s p r o v i d e s in g l e r a t e s o r a r a n g e o f r a t e s f o r in d iv i d u a l j o b c a t e g o r i e s . In the a b s e n c e o f a f o r m a l r a t e s t r u c t u r e , p a y r a t e s a r e d e t e r m i n e d p r i m a r i l y w ith r e f e r e n c e to the q u a l i f i c a t i o n s o f the in d iv i d u a l w o r k e r . A s in g l e r a t e s t r u c t u r e i s on e in w h i c h the s a m e r a t e i s p a id t o a l l e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s in the s a m e j o b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . L e a r n e r s , ap p ren tices, o r p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s m a y b e p a id a c c o r d i n g t o r a t e s c h e d u l e s w h i c h s t a r t b e l o w the s i n g l e r a t e and p e r m i t the w o r k e r s t o a c h i e v e the f u l l j o b r a t e o v e r a p e r i o d o f t i m e . I n d iv id u a l e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s m a y o c c a s i o n a l l y b e p a id a b o v e o r b e l o w the s in g l e r a t e f o r s p e c i a l r e a s o n s , but s u c h p a y m e n t s a r e r e g a r d e d a s e x c e p t i o n s . R a n g e o f r a t e p la n s a r e t h o s e in w h i c h the m i n i m u m a n d / o r m a x i m u m r a t e s p a id e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r th e s a m e j o b a r e s p e c i f i e d . S p e c i f i c r a t e s o f in d iv i d u a l w o r k e r s w ith in the r a n g e m a y b e d e t e r m i n e d b y m e r i t , le n g th o f s e r v i c e , o r a c o m b i n a t i o n o f v a r i o u s c o n c e p t s o f m e r i t and le n g th o f s e r v i c e . I n c e n t iv e w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d u n d e r p i e c e w o r k o r b o n u s p la n s . P ie c e w o r k is w o r k f o r w h ich a p r e d e t e r m i n e d r a t e is p a id f o r e a c h unit o f output. P r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s a r e b a s e d on p r o d u c t i o n in e x c e s s o f a q u o ta o r f o r c o m p l e t i o n o f a j o b in l e s s than s t a n d a r d t i m e . S ch edu led W eek ly H ou rs Data on w e e k l y h o u r s r e f e r to th e p r e d o m i n a n t w o r k s c h e d u l e f o r f u l l - t i m e ( o r o f f i c e ) w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d on the d a y sh ift , r e g a r d l e s s o f s e x . p rod u ction Shift P r o v i s i o n s and P r a c t i c e s Shift p r o v i s i o n s r e l a t e to the p o l i c i e s o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e i t h e r c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la te s h ift s o r h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g la te sh ift w o r k . P r a c t i c e s r e l a t e to w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d on late s h ift s at the t i m e o f the s u r v e y . S u pp lem en tary Wage P r o v is i o n s S u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s w e r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y on the b a s i s that i f f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s w e r e a p p l i c a b l e to h a lf o r m o r e o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ( o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s ) in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t , the b e n e f i t s w e r e c o n s i d e r e d a p p l i c a b l e t o a l l s u c h w o r k e r s . S i m i l a r l y , i f f e w e r than h a lf o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e c o v e r e d , th e b e n e f i t w a s n o n e x i s t e n t in the e s t a b l i s h m e n t . B ecause o f l e n g t h - o f - s e r v i c e and o t h e r e l i g i b i l i t y r e q u i r e m e n t s , the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g the b e n e f i t s m a y b e s m a l l e r than e s t i m a t e d . P a id H o lid a y s. v i d e d a n n u a lly . P a id h o l i d a y p r o v i s i o n s r e l a t e to f u l l - d a y and h a l f - d a y h o l i d a y s p r o 43 P a id V a c a t io n s . T h e s u m m a r i e s o f v a c a t i o n p la n s a r e l i m i t e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s , e x c l u d i n g i n f o r m a l p l a n s , w h e r e b y t i m e o f f w ith p a y i s g r a n t e d at the d i s c r e t i o n o f the e m p lo y e r or s u p e r v is o r . P a y m e n t s not on a t i m e b a s i s w e r e c o n v e r t e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n nu a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d the e q u iv a le n t o f 1 w e e k ’ s p a y . The p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e f o r w h i c h data a r e p r e s e n t e d w e r e s e l e c t e d a s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f the m o s t c o m m o n p r a c t i c e s , but th e y d o not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t in d iv i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g ression . F o r e x a m p l e , the c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s i n d i c a t e d at 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e m a y i n c l u d e c h a n g e s w h i c h o c c u r r e d b e t w e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . H e a lth , I n s u r a n c e , and R e t i r e m e n t P l a n s . Data a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , p e n s i o n , and l u m p - s u m r e t i r e m e n t p a y m e n t p la n s f o r w h i c h a ll o r p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p l o y e r , e x c l u d i n g p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d b y la w , s u ch a s w o r k m e n ' s c o m p e n s a t i o n and s o c ia l secu rity . A m o n g the p la n s i n c l u d e d a r e t h o s e u n d e r w r i t t e n b y a c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n y , and t h o s e p a id d i r e c t l y b y the e m p l o y e r f r o m h is c u r r e n t o p e r a t i n g fu n d s o r f r o m a fu nd se t a s i d e f o r th is p u r p o s e . D e a t h b e n e f i t s a r e i n c l u d e d a s a f o r m o f li f e i n s u r a n c e . S i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e i s l i m i t e d to that ty p e o f i n s u r a n c e u n d e r w h i c h p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a s h p a y m e n t s a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y to the i n s u r e d on a w e e k l y o r m o n t h l y b a s i s d u r in g i l l n e s s o r a c c i d e n t d i s a b i l i t y . I n f o r m a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s u c h p la n s t o w h i c h the e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t e s at l e a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t . H o w e v e r , in N e w Y o r k and N e w J e r s e y , w h e r e t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e la w s r e q u i r e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s , 9 p la n s a r e i n c l u d e d o n ly i f the e m p l o y e r (1) c o n t r i b u t e s m o r e than i s l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d o r (2) p r o v i d e s the e m p l o y e e s w ith b e n e f i t s w h i c h e x c e e d th e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f th e law . T a b u l a t i o n s o f p a id s i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e l i m i t e d to f o r m a l p la n s w h i c h p r o v i d e o r a p r o p o r t i o n o f the w o r k e r ' s p a y d u r in g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s ; a rra n g e m e n ts have been om itted. S e p a r a t e t a b u la t io n s a r e p r o v i d e d a c c o r d i n g to w h i c h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y and n o w a i t in g p e r i o d , and (2) p la n s p r o v i d i n g e i t h e r p a r t i a l w a i t in g p e r i o d . fu ll pay in fo rm a l (1) p la n s pay o r a M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v i d i n g f o r c o m p l e t e o r p a r t i a l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s ' fe e s . T h e s e p la n s m a y b e u n d e r w r i t t e n b y a c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n y o r a n o n p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n , o r th e y m a y b e s e l f - i n s u r e d . C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e , s o m e t i m e s r e f e r r e d to a s e x t e n d e d m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e , i n c l u d e s the p la n s d e s i g n e d to c o v e r e m p l o y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s o r i n j u r y i n v o l v i n g an e x p e n s e w h i c h g o e s b e y o n d th e n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , m e d i c a l , and s u r g i c a l p la n s . T a b u l a t i o n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n s a r e l i m i t e d to p la n s w h i c h p r o v i d e r e g u l a r p a y m e n t f o r the r e m a i n d e r o f the r e t i r e e ’ s l i f e . Data a r e p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r l u m p - s u m r e t i r e m e n t p a y (o n e p a y m e n t o r s e v e r a l o v e r a s p e c i f i e d p e r i o d o f t i m e ) m a d e t o e m p l o y e e s on retirem en t. E s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g b o th l u m p - s u m p a y m e n t s and p e n s i o n s to e m p l o y e e s on r e t i r e m e n t w e r e c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g b o th r e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n and l u m p - s u m r e t i r e m e n t p a y . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g o p t i o n a l p la n s p r o v i d i n g e m p l o y e e s a c h o i c e o f e i t h e r l u m p - s u m r e t i r e m e n t p a y m e n t s o r p e n s i o n s w e r e c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g o n ly r e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n b e n e f i t s . 9 The temporary disability insurance laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r in g jo b d e s c r ip t io n s f o r the B u r e a u ’ s w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t its f i e l d s t a f f in c l a s s i f y i n g in to a p p r o p r i a t e o c c u p a t i o n s w o r k e r s w h o a r e e m p l o y e d u n d e r a v a r i e t y o f p a y r o l l t i t l e s and d i f f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t to e s t a b l i s h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h is p e r m i t s the g r o u p in g o f o ccu p a tion a l w age rates rep resen tin g co m p a r a b le jo b content. B e c a u s e o f th is e m p h a s i s on i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t and i n t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b i l i t y o f o c c u p a t i o n a l c o n t e n t , the B u r e a u 1s j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m t h o s e in u s e in in d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o r t h o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s . In a p p ly in g t h e s e j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s , th e B u r e a u ' s f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s a r e i n s t r u c t e d to exclu d e w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s ; a p p r e n t ic e s ; le a r n e r s ; b e g i n n e r s ; t r a i n e e s ; h a n d i c a p p e d , p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , and probationary w o r k e r s . P rod u ction BUFFER, M ACHINE (B u ffin g-w h eel op era tor) R e d u ce s th ick n ess o f h ides o r sk in s, sm o o th s o r p o lis h e s th em , r e m o v e s g r a in , o r p r o d u c e s a s u e d e o r o t h e r f i n i s h b y m e a n s o f a r e v o l v i n g a b r a s i v e w h e e l o r r o l l r o t a t in g a g a in s t the h id e o r sk in . T he m a t e r i a l b e in g b u ffe d is c o n t r o l l e d e i t h e r b y hand p r e s s u r e , f o o t t r e a d l e , o r a d ju s t a b l e s e t s c r e w s w h i c h g o v e r n f i n i s h e d t h i c k n e s s o f h id e o r sk in . T h e w o r k o f the o p e r a t o r u s u a l l y i n c l u d e s the r e p l a c i n g o f w o r n out a b r a s i v e . F or wage B u ffer, B u ffer, B u ffer, B u ffer, B u ffer, COLORER, FAT stu d y p u r p o s e s , m a ch in e, m a ch in e, m a ch in e, m a ch in e, m a ch in e, w orkers a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s : b u z z l e (8 i n c h e s to 12 i n c h e s w i d e ) s m a l l a u t o m a t i c (2 4 i n c h e s to 40 i n c h e s w i d e ) l a r g e a u t o m a t i c (40 i n c h e s and o v e r ) o v e r s h o t ( b u i l t - u p b u ffin g w h e e l s , u s u a l l y l e s s than 8 i n c h e s w i d e ) other L IQ U O R E R , OR O I L -W H E E L O P E R A T O R L o a d s l e a t h e r , c o l o r i n g l i q u o r , fa t l i q u o r , o r o i l in to d r u m s e q u ip m e n t f o r s p e c i f i e d le n g th o f t i m e , and r e m o v e s t r e a t e d l e a t h e r . or w h eels; operates E M BO SSIN G - OR P L A T IN G -P R E S S O P E R A T O R (E m b o s s e r ; fin ish e d -le a th e r p r e s s e r ; p rin ter; sm ooth p la ter) P r e s s e s d e s i g n s o n the s u r f a c e o f l e a t h e r on a p r e s s e q u ip p e d w ith an e m b o s s i n g p l a t e , o r f i n i s h e s the s u r f a c e o f l e a t h e r o n a p r e s s e q u ip p e d w ith a s m o o t h p l a t e . T h e w o r k o f the o p e r a to r in v o lv e s: S e l e c t i n g and b o lt in g p la t e to h e a d o f p r e s s ; sett in g p r e s s u r e o f m a c h i n e and r e g u la t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e o f p l a t e , a c c o r d i n g to g r a d e o f l e a t h e r to b e h a n d le d ; and s t a r t ing m a c h i n e and f e e d i n g l e a t h e r th r o u g h p r e s s . F IRE M A N , S T ATIO N AR Y BOILER F i r e s s t a t i o n a r y b o i l e r s to f u r n i s h the e s t a b l i s h m e n t in w h i c h e m p l o y e d w ith h e a t , p o w e r , o r s t e a m . F e e d s f u e l s to f i r e b y hand o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n i c a l s t o k e r , g a s , o r o i l b u r n e r ; and c h e c k s w a t e r and s a f e t y v a l v e s . M a y c l e a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a i r i n g b o i l e r r o o m e q u ip m e n t . 44 45 F L E S H IN G - AND U N H A IR IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R (B e a m s t e r , m ach in e) R e m o v e s f l e s h and f o r e i g n m a t t e r f r o m h i d e s o r s k in s b y u s e o f a m a c h i n e e q u ip p e d w ith tw o r o l l e r s ; o n e r o l l e r b e in g u s e d f o r c a r r y i n g the h id e a g a in s t a n o t h e r r o l l e r e q u ip p e d w ith s p i r a l l y p l a c e d k n ife b l a d e s a n d / o r r e m o v e s h a i r f r o m h i d e s , u s in g a m a c h i n e e q u ip p e d w ith a s p i r a l l y b l a d e d r o l l e r , s p i r a l l y b l a d e d k n i f e , o r a s c r a p e r b l a d e . F o r w a g e s u r v e y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e to b e c l a s s i f i e d a c c o r d i n g to w h e t h e r s p e c i a l i z e in e i t h e r f l e s h i n g o r u n h a i r in g o r p e r f o r m b o th o p e r a t i o n s , a s f o l l o w s : th ey F lesh in g -m a ch in e op era tor U n h a irin g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r C o m b i n a t i o n f l e s h i n g - and u n h a i r i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r G L A ZIN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R Puts a g lo s s on lea th er by m ea n s of a gla zin g m a c h in e . P o s i t i o n s l e a t h e r on b e d o f m a c h i n e , and a m e c h a n i c a l r o c k e r a r m d r a w s r o u n d e d p i e c e o f g l a s s , a g a te o r s t e e l o v e r its su rfa ce. M a y p r e p a r e and b r u s h a m i x t u r e o f o i l s o n s o m e t y p e s o f l e a t h e r b e f o r e g l a z i n g . G R A I N I N G -M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R S o ft e n s and b r i n g s out n a t u r a l g r a i n o f h id e s b y u s e o f a m a c h i n e e q u ip p e d w ith a p la t e and c o r k s u r f a c e d m o v i n g a r m s w h i c h ru b and s m o o t h h i d e s . T h e w o r k o f the o p e r a t o r i n v o l v e s : S ta r tin g m a c h i n e ; h a n g in g h id e o v e r p l a t e ; p r e s s i n g t r e a d l e w h i c h b r i n g s a r m s a g a in s t h id e ; p u llin g h id e a lo n g s o that w h o l e s u r f a c e is g r a i n e d ; and fo l d i n g and p l a c i n g h id e on table. M a y t o u c h up h id e b y hand. HAULER L o a d s and u n lo a d s h id e s o r s k in s in to v a t s , t a n k s , o r r e v o l v i n g d r u m s f i l l e d w ith l i m i n g , d e l i m i n g , ta n n in g , o r o i l i n g s o l u t i o n s and l o c a t e d in the b e a m h o u s e o r tan h o u s e . JA N ITO R C le a n s and k e e p s in an o r d e r l y c o n d i t i o n f a c t o r y w o r k i n g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r t m e n t h o u s e , o r c o m m e r i c a l o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t . D uties in v o l v e a c o m b i n a t i o n o f the f o l l o w i n g : S w e e p i n g , m o p p i n g o r s c r u b b i n g , and p o l i s h i n g f l o o r s ; r e m o v i n g c h i p s , t r a s h , and o t h e r r e f u s e ; d u s tin g e q u i p m e n t , f u r n i t u r e , o r f i x t u r e s ; p o l i s h i n g m e t a l f i x t u r e s o r t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v i d i n g s u p p l i e s and m i n o r m a i n t e n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; and c le a n i n g l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s w h o s p e c i a l i z e in w i n d o w w a s h i n g a r e e x c l u d e d . LABORERS, M A T E R I A L HANDLING ( L o a d e r and u n l o a d e r ; h a n d l e r and s t a c k e r ; h e lp e r; w a reh ou sem a n o r w a reh ou se h elp er) sh elver; tru ck er; la m p er; stockm an or stock A w o r k e r e m p l o y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t , s t o r e , o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t w h o s e d u tie s i n v o l v e o n e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : L o a d i n g and u n lo a d in g v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s and m e r c h a n d i s e on o r f r o m f r e i g h t c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o t h e r t r a n s p o r t i n g d e v i c e s ; u n p a c k i n g , s h e l v i n g , o r p l a c i n g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n ; and t r a n s p o r t i n g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e b y h a n d t r u c k , c a r , o r w h e e l b a r r o w . L o n g s h o r e m e n , w h o l o a d and u n lo a d s h i p s , a r e e x c l u d e d . F o r wage stu d y p u r p o s e s , L aborer, Laborer, w orkers m a t e r i a l h a n d l in g , m a t e r i a l h a n d l in g , a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s : dry w ork wet w ork 46 L IQ U O R M A N (L e a ch -h o u s e man; le a c h -v a t o p e ra to r; liq u o r m a k e r ; liq u o r m i x e r ) P r e p a r e s tanning l i q u o r , p u m p s it into tanning v a ts o r d r u m s , and t e s t s it f r e q u e n t l y to k e e p it up to the p r o p e r s t r e n g t h a d d in g f r e s h l i q u o r as n e c e s s a r y . M E A S U R IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R M e a s u r e s the a r e a o f h i d e s o r sk in s b y m a c h i n e and w h o s e w o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : S ta r tin g m a c h i n e and f e e d i n g h id e b e t w e e n r o l l s w h i c h c a r r y it u n d e r a s e r i e s o f m e a s u r i n g w h e e l s s e t o n a s h a ft and c o n n e c t e d w ith a r e c o r d i n g d i a l ; r e c o r d i n g n u m b e r o f s q u a r e f e e t in h id e as in d i c a t e d o n d ia l ; s e tt in g d i a l b a c k to z e r o a f t e r m e a s u r e m e n t has b e e n r e c o r d e d ; and r e m o v i n g and f o l d i n g h i d e . M a y m a r k n u m b e r o f s q u a r e f e e t on b a c k o f h id e o r on o u t s i d e w r a p p i n g o f b u n d le . M AIN TEN AN CE M AN, G E N E R A L U TILITY K e e p s the m a c h i n e s , m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t a n d / o r s t r u c t u r e s o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t ( u s u a ll y a s m a l l p la n t w h e r e s p e c i a l i z a t i o n in m a i n t e n a n c e w o r k is i m p r a c t i c a l ) in r e p a i r . Duties i n v o l v e the p e r f o r m a n c e o f o p e r a t i o n s and u s e o f t o o l s and e q u ip m e n t o f s e v e r a l t r a d e s , r a t h e r than s p e c i a l i z a t i o n in o n e t r a d e o r o n e ty p e o f m a i n t e n a n c e w o r k o n ly . W o r k i n v o l v e s _a c o m b i n a t i o n o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and la y in g ou t o f w o r k r e l a t i n g to r e p a i r o f b u i l d i n g s , m a c h i n e s , m e c h a n i c a l a n d / o r e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t ; r e p a i r i n g e l e c t r i c a l a n d / o r m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t ; i n s t a l l i n g , a lin in g and b a l a n c i n g n e w e q u ip m e n t ; and r e p a i r i n g b u i l d i n g s , f l o o r s , s t a i r s , as w e l l as m a k in g and r e p a i r i n g b i n s , c r i b s , and p a r t i t i o n s . M E C H A N IC , M AIN TEN AN CE R e p a i r s m a c h i n e r y o r m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : E x a m i n i n g m a c h i n e s and m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t to d i a g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s m a n t l i n g o r p a r t l y d i s m a n t l i n g m a c h i n e s and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that m a i n l y i n v o l v e the u s e o f h a n d t o o ls in s c r a p i n g and fittin g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s w ith i t e m s o b t a i n e d f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r i n g the p r o d u c t i o n o f a r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t b y a m a c h i n e sh o p o r s e n d in g o f the m a c h i n e to a m a c h i n e sh o p f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r i n g w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s o r f o r the p r o d u c t i o n o f p a r t s o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h i n e s h o p ; and r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h i n e s , and m a k in g a ll n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n t s f o r o p e r a t i o n . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a i n t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . E x c l u d e d f r o m th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u t ie s i n v o l v e s e tt in g up o r a d ju s t i n g m a c h i n e s . R O L L IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R S m o o t h s and t o u g h e n s l e a t h e r on the ta b le o f a r o l l i n g m a c h i n e and r o l l e r w h i c h m o v e s b a c k and f o r t h w h o l e s u r f a c e is r o l l e d . W orkers e x c l u d e d f r o m this c l a s s i f i f c a t i o n . SEASONER, b y r o l l i n g it u n d e r p r e s s u r e . P l a c e s the h id e o r sk in p r e s s e s a t r e a d l e to b r i n g the h id e up a g a i n s t a r o ta t in g o v e r the h i d e , the h id e b e in g s h ift e d a r o u n d u n til the on ro llin g j a c k s s i m i l a r to t h o s e u s e d in g l a z i n g a r e HAND (S u rfa cer) A p p l i e s s e a s o n i n g c o m p o u n d s and m i x t u r e s to l e a t h e r b y h a nd . D ips a b ru sh , sw ab, o r o t h e r i m p l e m e n t in to s e a s o n i n g m i x t u r e , c o a t s l e a t h e r e v e n l y , and h a n g s it up to d r y . M a y u s e p o r t a b l e hand s p r a y gun to a p p ly s e a s o n i n g c o m p o u n d s and m i x t u r e s . 47 SEASONER, M ACHINE (S pray s e a s o n in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r ; o ilin g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r ) F e e d s s t o c k u n d e r a r e v o l v i n g b r u s h o r a s p r a y w h i c h a p p l i e s o i l o r s e a s o n i n g to l e a t h e r . M a y c o a t the g r a i n s id e o f ta n n ed h i d e s w ith o i l to s o f t e n t h e m o r w ith s e a s o n i n g c o m p o u n d s and m i x t u r e s to p r o d u c e a f i n i s h . E x c l u d e w o r k e r s w h o o p e r a t e s p r a y m a c h i n e s that a p p ly o n l y p i g m e n t o r l a c q u e r to l e a t h e r ( s e e s p r a y - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r ) and w o r k e r s w h o a p p ly s e a s o n i n g w ith a p o r t a b l e hand s p r a y gun ( s e e s e a s o n e r , h a n d ). S E T T E R -O U T , (P u tter-ou t, sk in s, M ACHINE m a ch in e; setter, m ach in e) R e m o v e s e x c e s s m o i s t u r e , s m o o t h s out w r i n k l e s , and c o m p r e s s e s the g r a i n o f h i d e s , o r l e a t h e r b y m e a n s o f any o f the v a r i o u s t y p e s o f se tt in g m a c h i n e s . S H A V IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R S h a v e s w e t o r d r y h i d e s to o b t a i n u n i f o r m t h i c k n e s s in a m a c h i n e that is e q u ip p e d w ith s p ira lly p la ce d kn ives. SORTER, FIN IS H E D L E A T H E R S o r t s f i n i s h e d l e a t h e r in a c c o r d a n c e w ith f i n i s h , hand g a g e to d e t e r m i n e t h i c k n e s s . SORTER, grade, s h a d e , and w e i g h t . M ay use H ID E H O U SE S o r t s and g r a d e s h id e s th ick n ess. M a y , in a d d it i o n , o r s k in s in the h id e h o u s e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s i z e , w e i g h t , and c o u n t h i d e s o r s k in s and m a k e up p a c k s f o r the b e a m h o u s e . S P L IT T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R S p lit s h id e s in to tw o o r m o r e l a y e r s b y p l a c i n g e d g e o f h id e a g a in s t a f l e x i b l e ban d k n ife r e v o l v i n g h o r i z o n t a l l y b e t w e e n tw o p u l l e y s . M ay a ls o m aintain o r m a k e n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t s to the m a c h i n e . S P R A Y -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R T e n d s a m a c h i n e that s p r a y s s o l u t i o n , s u c h as p i g m e n t o r l a q u e r , on to l e a t h e r p i e c e s to f i n i s h l e a t h e r . W o r k i n v o l v e s : P l a c i n g l e a t h e r p i e c e s on a c o n v e y o r that c a r r i e s p i e c e s u n d e r s p r a y to c o a t l e a t h e r w ith fi n i s h i n g s o l u t i o n ; t u rn in g v a l v e s to r e g u l a t e p r e s s u r e o f c o m p r e s s e d a i r in s p r a y tanks and f l o w o f s o l u t i o n t h r o u g h s p r a y n o z z l e s ; and p u s h in g b u tto n s to c o n t r o l m o v e m e n t o f c o n v e y o r and m o v i n g l e v e r to s t a r t and sto p r o t a t i o n o f s p r a y e r . E xclu d es w o r k e r s te n d in g m a c h i n e s w h i c h a p p ly s e a s o n i n g c o m p o u n d s to l e a t h e r ( s e e s e a s o n e r , m a c h i n e ) . STAKER, M ACHINE M akes leather sta k in g m a c h i n e s . TACKER, s o f t and p l i a b l e b y f l e x i n g (s t a k i n g ) it in any TOGGLER, of the v a riou s types of AND P A S T E R (H id e s t r e t c h e r ; n a i l e r ; stretcher, hand) S t r e t c h e s w e t h id e s o r s k in s and fa s t e n s t h e m to b o a r d s , f r a m e s , o r w a l l w ith t a c k s , t o g g l e r c l a m p s , o r p a s t e to d r y t h e m and m a k e t h e m s m o o t h . M a y , in a d d it i o n , r e m o v e h id e s o r s k in s w h e n d r y i n g is c o m p l e t e d . F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , Tacker T og g le r P aster w orkers a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s : 48 TR IM M E R , B E A M O R H ID E H O U S E , HA ND Cuts o f f r a g g e d e d g e s and u n u s a b l e p a r t s f r o m h id e s o r s k i n s , u s in g a hand k n i f e . in a d d it i o n , s p lit h i d e s in to s i d e s . TR IM M E R , M ay, DRY (B lock tr im m e r ) Cuts o f f r a g g e d o r TRUCKERS, rough edges from l e a t h e r u s in g a hand k n if e o r scisso rs. POWER (F ork lift) O p e r a t e s a m a n u a l l y c o n t r o l l e d g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d f o r k l i f t t r u c k to t r a n s p o r t g o o d s and m a t e r i a l s o f a ll k in d s a b o u t a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t, o r o t h e r e s t a b lish m en t. O ffice CLERK, GENERAL Is t y p i c a l l y r e q u i r e d to p e r f o r m a v a r i e t y o f o f f i c e o p e r a t i o n s , u s u a l l y b e c a u s e o f i m p r a c t i c a b i l i t y o f s p e c i a l i z a t i o n in a s m a l l o f f i c e o r b e c a u s e v e r s a t i l i t y is e s s e n t i a l in m e e t i n g p e a k r e q u i r e m e n t s in l a r g e r o f f i c e s . T h e w o r k g e n e r a l l y i n v o l v e s the u s e o f in d e p e n d e n t j u d g e m e n t in te n d in g to a p a t t e r n o f o f f i c e w o r k f r o m d a y to d a y , a s w e l l a s k n o w l e d g e r e la tin g to p h a s e s o f o f f i c e w o r k that o c c u r o n l y o c c a s i o n a l l y . F o r e x a m p l e , the ra n g e o f o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d m a y e n t a il a l l o r s o m e c o m b i n a t i o n o f the f o l l o w i n g : A n s w e r i n g c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , p r e p a r i n g b i l l s and i n v o i c e s , p o s t i n g to v a r i o u s r e c o r d s , p r e p a r i n g p a y r o l l s , filin g , etc. M a y o p e r a t e v a r i o u s o f f i c e m a c h i n e s and ty p e as the w o r k r e q u i r e s . CLERK, PAYROLL C o m p u t e s w a g e s o f c o m p a n y e m p l o y e e s and e n t e r s the n e c e s s a r y d a ta on the p a y r o l l sheets. D uties in v o lv e : C a l c u l a t i n g w o r k e r s ' e a r n i n g s b a s e d on t i m e o r p r o d u c t i o n r e c o r d s ; p o s t i n g c a l c u l a t e d d a ta on p a y r o l l s h e e t , s h o w i n g i n f o r m a t i o n s u c h as w o r k e r ' s n a m e , w o r k ing d a y s , t i m e , r a t e , d e d u c t i o n s f o r i n s u r a n c e , and to t a l w a g e s d u e . M a y m a k e out p a y c h e c k s and a s s i s t p a y m a s t e r in m a k i n g up and d i s t r i b u t i n g p a y e n v e l o p e s . M a y u s e a c a l c u la tin g m a c h i n e . STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL P r i m a r y duty is to ta k e d i c t a t i o n , in v o l v i n g a n o r m a l r o u t in e v o c a b u l a r y , f r o m on e o r m o r e p e r s o n s e i t h e r in s h o r t h a n d o r b y S te n o ty p e o r s i m i l a r m a c h i n e ; and t r a n s c r i b e d ic t a t io n . M a y a l s o ty p e f r o m w r i t t e n c o p y . M a y m a i n t a in f i l e s , k e e p s i m p l e r e c o r d s o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t i v e l y r o u t in e c l e r i c a l t a s k s . M ay op era te fr o m a sten og ra p h ic p o o l. D o e s n ot in clude t r a n s c r ib i n g -m a c h in e w o rk . Industry Wage Studies T h e m o s t r e c e n t r e p o r t s f o r i n d u s t r i e s i n c l u d e d in th e B u r e a u 1s p r o g r a m o f in d u s t r y w a g e s u r v e y s s in c e J a n u a r y 1950 a r e l i s t e d b e l o w . T h o s e f o r w h ic h a p r i c e i s s h o w n a r e a v a i l a b l e f r o m th e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U .S . G o v e r n m e n t P rin tin g O f f ic e , W a sh in g ton , D .C ., 204 02 , o r a n y o f its r e g io n a l sa les o ffic e s . T h o s e f o r w h ich a p r ic e is not sh ow n m a y be ob ta in ed f r e e as l o n g a s a s u p p l y i s a v a i l a b l e , f r o m th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . , 2 0 2 1 2 , o r f r o m a n y o f th e r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s s h o w n o n th e i n s i d e b a c k c o v e r . I. Occupational W age Studies M a n u fa ctu rin g B a s i c I r o n a n d S t e e l , 1 9 6 7 . B L S B u l l e t i n 160 2 ( 5 5 c e n t s ) . C a n d y a n d O t h e r C o n f e c t i o n e r y P r o d u c t s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 5 2 0 (3 0 c e n t s ) . ^ C a n n in g a n d F r e e z i n g , 1 9 5 7 . B L S R e p o r t 136. C i g a r M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1 9 6 7 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1581 (2 5 c e n t s ) . C i g a r e t t e M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1472 ( 2 0 c e n t s ) . C o t t o n T e x t i l e s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 506 (4 0 c e n t s ) . D i s t i l l e d L i q u o r s , 1 9 5 2 . S e r i e s 2, N o . 8 8 . F a b r i c a t e d S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 146 3 ( 3 0 c e n t s ) . F e r t i l i z e r M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1531 (3 0 c e n t s ) . F l o u r a n d O t h e r G r a i n M i l l P r o d u c t s , 1 9 6 7 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1576 (2 5 c e n t s ) . F l u i d M i l k I n d u s t r y , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 4 6 4 (3 0 c e n t s ) . F o o t w e a r , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 5 0 3 (5 0 c e n t s ) . H o s i e r y , 1 9 6 7 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1562 (7 0 c e n t s ) . I n d u s t r i a l C h e m i c a l s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1529 (4 0 c e n t s ) . I r o n a n d S t e e l F o u n d r i e s , 1 9 6 2 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1386 ( 4 0 c e n t s ) . L e a t h e r T a n n in g and F in is h in g , 1963. B L S B u lle tin 1378 (40 c e n t s ) . M a c h i n e r y M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 563 (7 0 c e n t s ) . M e a t P r o d u c t s , 1 9 6 3 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1415 (7 5 c e n t s ) . M e n 's and B o y s 1 S h irts ( E x c e p t W o r k S h ir ts ) and N ig h t w e a r , 1964. B L S B u l l e t i n 1457 (4 0 c e n t s ) . M e n ' s a n d B o y s ' S u it s a n d C o a t s , 1 9 6 7 . B L S B u l l e t i n 15 94 (7 5 c e n t s ) . M i s c e l l a n e o u s P l a s t i c s P r o d u c t s , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1439 (3 5 c e n t s ) . M i s c e l l a n e o u s T e x t i l e s , 1953. B L S R e p o r t 56. M o t o r V e h i c l e s and M o t o r V e h i c l e P a r t s , 1963. B L S B u lle tin 1393 (45 c e n t s ) . N o n f e r r o u s F o u n d r i e s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1498 (4 0 c e n t s ) . P a in ts and V a r n i s h e s , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1524 (40 c e n t s ). P a p e r b o a r d C o n t a i n e r s a n d B o x e s , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 4 7 8 (7 0 c e n t s ) . P e t r o l e u m R e f i n i n g , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1526 ( 3 0 c e n t s ) . P r e s s e d o r B lo w n G l a s s and G l a s s w a r e , 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1423 (30 c e n t s ) . ^ P r o c e s s e d W a s t e , 1 9 5 7 . B L S R e p o r t 124. P u l p , P a p e r , a n d P a p e r b o a r d M i l l s , 1 9 6 7 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1608 (6 0 c e n t s ) . R a d i o , T e l e v i s i o n , and R e l a t e d P r o d u c t s , 1 9 5 1 . S e r i e s 2, N o . 8 4 . R a i l r o a d C a r s , 1 9 5 2 . S e r i e s 2, N o . 8 6 . ♦ R a w S u g a r , 1 9 5 7 . B L S R e p o r t 136. S o u t h e r n S a w m i l l s a n d P l a n i n g M i l l s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1519 (3 0 c e n t s ) . S t r u c t u r a l C l a y P r o d u c t s , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1459 (4 5 c e n t s ) . S y n t h e t i c F i b e r s , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 154 0 (3 0 c e n t s ) . S y n t h e t i c T e x t i l e s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1509 (4 0 c e n t s ) . T e x t i l e D y e i n g a n d F i n i s h i n g , 1965—6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1527 (4 5 c e n t s ) . ^ T o b a c c o S t e m m i n g a n d R e d r y i n g , 1 9 5 7 . B L S R e p o r t 136. W e s t C o a s t S a w m i l l i n g , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1455 (3 0 c e n t s ) . * Studies o f the effects of the $1 minimum wage. I. Occupational Wage Studies— Continued M a n u fa c tu r in g — C on tin u ed W o m e n s a n d M i s s e s ' C o a t s a n d S u i t s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1508 (25 c e n t s ) . W o m e n ' s a n d M i s s e s ' D r e s s e s , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n i 5 3 8 (3 0 c e n t s ) . W o o d H o u s e h o l d F u r n i t u r e , E x c e p t U p h o l s t e r e d , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1496 (40 c e n t s ). ^ W o o d e n C o n t a i n e r s , 1 9 5 7 . B L S R e p o r t 126. W o o l T e x t i l e s , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1551 (45 c e n t s ) . W o r k C l o t h i n g , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1440 (3 5 c e n t s ) . N on m an u factu rin g A u t o D e a l e r R e p a i r S h o p s , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1452 (3 0 c e n t s ) . B a n k i n g , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1466 (3 0 c e n t s ) . B i t u m i n o u s C o a l M i n i n g , 196 7 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1583 (5 0 c e n t s ) . C o m m u n i c a t i o n s , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1582 ( 2 0 c e n t s ) . C o n t r a c t C l e a n i n g S e r v i c e s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1507 (3 0 c e n t s ) . C r u d e P e t r o l e u m a n d N a t u r a l G a s P r o d u c t i o n , 1 9 6 7 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 566 (3 0 c e n t s ) . D e p a r t m e n t a n d W o m e n ' s R e a d y - t o - W e a r S t o r e s , 1 9 5 0 . S e r i e s 2, N o . 78. E a t i n g a n d D r i n k i n g P l a c e s , 1966—6 7 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 588 (4 0 c e n t s ) . E l e c t r i c a n d G a s U t i l i t i e s , 1 9 6 2 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 3 7 4 (5 0 cents). H o s p i t a l s , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1553 (7 0 c e n t s ) . H o t e l s a n d M o t e l s , 1966—6 7 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1587 (4 0 c e n t s ) . L a u n d r y a n d C l e a n i n g S e r v i c e s , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 544 (6 0 c e n t s ) . L i f e I n s u r a n c e , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1569 (3 0 c e n t s ) . M o t i o n P i c t u r e T h e a t e r s , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1542 (3 5 c e n t s ) . N u r s i n g H o i n e s a n d R e l a t e d F a c i l i t i e s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1492 (4 5 c e n t s ) . II. Other Wage Studies F a c t o r y W o r k e r s ' E a rn in g s— D istrib u tio n by S tr a ig h t-T im e H o u rly E a rn in g s, 1 9 5 8 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1252 (4 0 c e n t s ) . F a c t o r y W o r k e r s\ E a r n i n g s — S e l e c t e d M a n u f a c t u r i n g I n d u s t r i e s , 1 9 5 9 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1275 (3 5 c e n t s ) . E m p l o y e e E a r n i n g s a n d H o u r s in N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n A r e a s o f th e S o u th a n d N o r t h C e n t r a l R e g i o n s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1552 (5 0 c e n t s ) . E m p l o y e e E a r n i n g s a n d H o u r s in E i g h t M e t r o p o l i t a n A r e a s o f th e S o u t h , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1533 (4 0 c e n t s ) . E m p l o y e e E a r n i n g s a n d H o u r s in R e t a i l T r a d e , J u n e 1 9 6 6 ---R e ta il T ra d e (O v e r a ll S u m m a ry). B L S B u lle tin 1584 ( $ l ) . B u ild in g M a t e r i a ls , H a r d w a r e , and F a r m E q u ip m e n t D e a l e r s . B L S B u lle tin 158 4-1 (30 c e n ts ). G en era l M erch a n d ise S tores. B L S B u lle t in 1584-2 (55 c e n t s ). F ood S tores. B L S B u lle tin 1 5 8 4 -3 (6 0 c e n ts ). A u t o m o t iv e D e a l e r s and G a s o lin e S e r v ic e S tations. B L S B u lle tin 1 5 8 4 -4 (5 0 c e n ts ). A p p a r e l and A c c e s s o r y S to r e s . B L S B u lle tin 1 5 8 4 -5 (55 c e n ts ). F u r n itu r e , H o m e F u r n is h in g s , and H o u se h o ld A p p lia n c e S to r e s . B L S B u lletin 1 5 8 4 -6 (5 0 c e n ts ). M isce lla n e o u s S tores. B L S B u lle tin 1 5 8 4 -7 (65 c e n ts ). * Studies o f the effects of the $1 minimum wage. * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1969 0 - 3 4 8 - 0 2 9 BUREAU O f LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES Region I 1603-B Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6762 (Area Code 617) Region II 341 Ninth Ave. New York, N .Y . 10001 Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212) Region III 406 Penn Square Building 1317 Filbert St. Philadelphia, Pa. 19107 Phone: 597-7796 (Area Code 215) Region IV Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St. NE. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404) Region V 219 South Dearborn St. Chicago, 111. 60604 Phone: 353-7230 (Area Code 312) Region VI Federal Office Building 911 Walnut S t., 10th Floor Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816) Region VII 337 Mayflower Building 411 North Akard St. Dallas, Tex. 75201 Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214) Region VIII 450 Golden Gate Ave. Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS W ASHING TON, D .C . 20212 O FFICIAL B U S I N ESS T H I R D C L A S S M A IL I 1___________________ I
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