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Industry Wage Survey: Iron and Steel Foundries, September 1979 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics March 1981 Bulletin 2085 Industry Wage Survey: Iron and Steel Foundries, September 1979 U.S. Department of Labor Raymond J. Donovan, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner March 1981 Bulletin 2085 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402—Price $4.00 Preface This bulletin summarizes the results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of wages and supplementary benefits in iron and steel foundries in September 1979. A similar survey was conducted in November 1973. Data are provided separately for four product branches: Gray iron, except pipe and fittings; gray iron pipe and fittings; malleable iron; and steel. Separate releases were issued earlier for gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings, for Chicago, Los Angeles-Long Beach, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis; gray iron pipe and fittings foundries for Alabama and Bir mingham; and steel foundries for Los Angeles-Long Beach, Milwaukee, and Pittsburgh. iii This study was conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. Joseph C. Bush of the Division of Occupational Wage Structures prepared the analysis. Fieldwork for the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional Commissioners for Operations. Other reports available from the Bureau’s program of industry wage surveys, as well as the addresses of the Bureau’s regional offices, are listed at the end of this bulletin. Unless specifically identified as copyright, material in this report is in the public domain and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced without permission. Contents Page Earnings and benefits ................................................................................................................... 1 Industry characteristics............................................................................................................... 1 Reference tables: All foundries: 1. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics................................................ 3 2. Earnings distribution............................................................................................... 4 3. Occupational averages............................................................................................. 5 Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings : 4. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics................................................ 5. Earnings distribution............................................................................................... 6. Occupational averages.............................................................................................. 7. Occupational earnings distribution by selected localities........................................ 8. Occupational averages by size of community.......................................................... 9. Occupational averages by size of establishment...................................................... 10. Occupational averages by labor-management contract status................................ 11. Occupational averages by method of wage payment .............................................. 9 10 11 14 16 17 20 22 Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: 12. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics................................................ 13. Occupational averages.............................................................................................. 14. Earnings distribution............................................................................................... 15. Occupational earnings distribution by selected localities........................................ 16. Occupational averages by method of wage payment .............................................. 24 25 26 28 29 Malleable iron foundries '• 17. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics................................................ 18. Earnings distribution................................................................................................ 19. Occupational averages............................................................................................. 20. Occupational averages by method of wage payment .............................................. 30 31 32 33 Steel foundries: 21. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics................................................ 22. Earnings distribution............................................................................................... 23. Occupational averages.............................................................................................. 24. Occupational earnings distribution by selected localities........................................ 25. Occupational averages by size of community.......................................................... 26. Occupational averages by size of establishment...................................................... 27. Occupational averages by labor-management contract status................................. 28. Occupational averages by method of wage payment .............................................. 34 35 36 39 42 43 45 47 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: 29. Method of wage paym ent........................................................................................ 48 30. Scheduled weekly hours............................................................................................ 48 v Contents— Continued Page 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Shift differential provisions...................................... Shift differential practices........................................................................................ Paid holidays............................................................................................................. Paid vacations........................................................................................................... Health, insurance, and retirement p la n s ................................................................. Other selected benefits..................................................................... ........................ 49 51 52 53 55 56 Appendixes: A. Scope and method of survey............................................................................................ B. Occupational descriptions................................................................................................ 57 61 vi Iron and Steel Foundries, September 1979 Earnings and benefits in pipe foundries with under 250 employees, and 31 percent more than workers in small gray iron foundries. Nationwide averages among the 39 production oc cupations studied separately had a broad range—from $10.17 an hour for metal patternmakers to $6.25 for general foundry laborers (table 3). Chippers and grind ers, the largest occupational group studied, averaged $6.97. Together, the 39 classifications accounted for nearly two-thirds of the production work force. Virtually all production workers were employed in foundries providing paid holidays (typically 9 to 13 days annually); paid vacations (1 to 6 weeks depending upon years of service); and at least part of the cost of life, hospitalization, surgical, and basic medical insurance (tables 33-35). Ninety-five percent of the workers also were covered by retirement pension plans. A number of other worker benefits were common in foundries; for example, about nine-tenths of the work ers had provisions for technological severance pay, jury-duty pay, and daily reporting pay (table 36). Straight-time earnings of production and related workers in iron and steel foundries averaged $7.16 an hour in September 1979 (table 1). Earnings of approx imately 95 percent of the 177,371 workers covered by the survey1 were between $4 and $11; the middle 50 percent fell between $5.70 and $8.68 (table 2). The $7.14 average represents an increase of 66 per cent over earnings in a similar survey in 1973.12By com parison, the BLS Hourly Earnings Index for manufac turing rose 62 percent over the same 6-year span. Among the four industry categories in the survey, September 1979 average earnings were $7.32 for gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings; $6 for gray iron pipe and fittings; $7.49 for malleable iron foundries; and $7.01 for steel foundries (tables 4, 12, 17, and 21). These nationwide pay levels were greatly influenced by the regional distribution of the workers in each industry branch. For example, the Southeast, a relatively lowpaying region, accounted for about three-fifths of the workers in pipe and fittings foundries, while the Great Lakes, the highest paying region surveyed, accounted for two-thirds of the work force in malleable iron and gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings, and ap proximately two-fifths in steel foundries. No one found ry branch consistently surpassed the others in average pay levels within regions. Average earnings for production workers were high er in metropolitan than in nonmetropolitan areas; high er in large establishments of 250 workers or more than in the smaller foundries; higher in union than in non union establishments; and higher in captive than in com mercial foundries.3Pay advantages associated with these establishment characteristics, however, varied widely among industry branches. Workers in large foundries, for example, averaged 10 percent more than workers Industry characteristics Iron and steel foundries within the scope of the sur vey employed 177,371 production and related workers in September 1979—a decline of 4 percent from the 1973 level. Slightly over one-half of the 1979 work force were in the Great Lakes region and about onetenth each in the Southeast and Middle Atlantic States. Four-fifths of the foundry workers were employed in metropolitan areas. The foundries in this survey were engaged primarily in shaping iron and steel by the casting process. The casting process makes iron products by pouring molten iron or steel into hollow molds in which the metal cools and solidifies. There are two important methods of cast ing used in iron arid steel foundries. Sand casting in volves packing sand around a pattern constructed in the shape of the desired final product and filling it with molten metal. This was the predominant method in gray iron, except pipe and fittings (93,000 production work ers); malleable iron (13,000 workers); and steel foun dries (53,000 workers). Centrifugal casting, the pouring of molten metal into a spinning mold where centrifugal force distributes the metal against the cavity, was pre dominant in gray iron and fittings foundries (15,000 workers). 1See appendix A for scope and method of survey and for definitions of terms used in this bulletin. Earnings data in this bulletin exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2For an account of the earlier study, see Industry Wage Survey: Iron and Steel Foundries, November 1973, Bulletin 1894 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1976). 3Captive foundries produce castings for incorporation into a final product of a parent company while commericial foundries produce castings for sale to other firms on a job or order basis. 1 A substantial majority of the employees were in large foundries and in foundries having collective bargaining agreements covering a majority of the production work ers. The principal unions in the industries were the United Steelworkers of America (AFL-CIO), United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (Ind.); and the International Molders’ and Allied Workers’ Union (AFL-CIO). About 4 in every 5 production workers were paid on a time-rated basis, typically under formal plans provid ing single rates for specified occupations.4 Incentive workers were commonly paid individual piece rates (ta ble 29). Nearly two-fifths of the production workers in Sep tember 1979 were employed on late shifts; almost all shift workers received a pay differential for such work, usually from 10 to 30 cents an hour over day-shift rates (table 32). 4 Stint work, a plan paying a fixed amount for a predetermined task regardless of the actual time required, has virtually vanished in this industry. Workers on this plan were considered on a time-rate sys tem for purposes of this study. 2 Table 1. All foundries: Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of production workers by selected characteristics, United States and regions, September 1979) United States Characteristic New England Middle Atlantic Border States Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Mountain Pacific Aver Aver Aver Aver Aver Aver Aver Aver Aver Aver Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age hourly hourly hourly hourly hourly of of hourly of hourly of hourly hourly of hourly of of of of of workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn ings ings ings ings ings ings ings ings ings ings 5,930 $6.27 19,260 1,102 5.47 4,407 - 6.28 13,664 5,596 - 5.81 4.72 2,402 1,326 6.02 6,611 5.33 15,338 5.92 7.57 1,288 4,642 5.91 4,550 6.37 14,710 7.46 2,034 6.07 20,445 7.19 5,801 5.66 1,694 5.42 1,504 5.41 - 6.50 8.81 3,606 - 5.79 16,871 5,078 - 6.73 8.22 5,930 - $7.16 3,728 Size of community: Metropolitan areas1 2 ............................. 140,580 Nonmetropolitan areas ....................... 36,791 7.30 6.63 472 Size of establishment: 50-249 w o rk e rs ................................... 47,343 250 workers or more .......................... 130,028 6.08 7.56 Labor-management contract coverage: Establishm ents w ithMajority of workers c o v e re d ............. 147,922 None or minority of workers c o v e re d ............................................ 29,449 Type of foundry ownership: Commercial3 ........................................ 126,305 C a p tiv e ................................................. 51,066 $5.77 21,949 $7.07 All production w o rk e rs ........................... 177,371 - - 5.07 - 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S.Office of Management and Budget through February 1974. Southeast 2,335 $6.64 10,143 $6.49 5.56 2,335 - 6.64 10,143 - 6.49 - 3,499 - 5.91 - 595 1,740 $5.40 7.06 4,959 5,184 6.70 6.30 8.13 5,573 $6.29 1,447 6.93 7,094 6.75 7,399 6.30 1,579 6.39 - - 3,049 5.89 5.10 52,742 43,680 - 7.13 9.03 7,152 - 6.32 - 1,529 - 6.82 - 9,798 - 6.55 - $5.14 96,422 $7.99 7,152 7,593 2,859 5.03 73,695 5.44 22,727 8.15 7.48 2,512 4.90 5.68 3,487 6,965 4.60 19,952 5.41 76,470 6.57 8.36 6.30 13,091 5.48 3,414 5.61 89,023 6,169 5.52 7,038 4.92 - 6.27 18,546 - $5.50 10,452 5.49 10,131 - - $6.32 - 3 For definition of commercial and captive foundries, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 2. Earnings distribution: All foundries (Percent distribution of production workers, United States and regions, September 1979) United States Hourly earnings New England Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Mountain Pacific Number of w o rk e rs................... Average hourly earnings1 ......... 177,371 $7.16 3,728 $5.77 21,949 $7.07 5,930 $6.27 19,260 $5.50 10,452 $5.14 96,422 $7.99 7,152 $6.32 2,335 $6.64 10,143 $6.49 T o t a l................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $3.40 .............................. $3.40 and under $3.60 ............. $3.60 and under $3.80 ............. $3.80 and under $4.00 ............. 1.3 .4 .7 1.0 1.5 .3 1.1 1.7 .2 .3 .2 .4 .1 .1 .3 .5 2.7 .9 2.8 5.1 7.8 2.6 4.2 3.5 (1 23 ) (2) (2) .1 - .3 .1 2.1 1.0 7.8 1.2 .7 2.2 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 and and and and and under under under under under $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.9 2.2 1.5 4.7 3.6 6.9 8.6 .6 .9 1.5 2.5 3.3 .4 .5 .5 .3 .6 5.1 4.2 2.4 3.7 5.3 4.1 4.0 6.5 8.2 5.1 .1 .3 .4 .5 .9 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.3 .6 .8 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.2 2.4 1.5 .8 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 and and and and and under under under under under $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 $6.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 3.0 4.1 4.1 4.7 4.3 6.6 8.6 6.8 4.3 5.5 4.1 4.5 4.5 5.3 4.9 1.2 6.3 2.4 18.1 10.2 5.8 8.6 4.8 9.1 9.4 8.8 6.3 8.1 4.4 3.1 1.3 2.5 3.2 2.5 2.9 5.5 6.2 8.8 9.1 4.6 2.1 1.0 9.2 9.0 12.2 3.1 3.0 1.5 3.9 2.2 $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 and and and and and under under under under under $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 4.3 3.4 3.3 3.8 4.0 6.0 8.3 3.3 4.9 2.8 6.5 3.0 4.4 4.9 3.8 17.6 8.0 5.0 4.2 3.3 5.1 5.0 2.3 3.8 3.3 3.6 4.6 3.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.9 3.4 4.2 8.6 5.9 5.5 4.3 3.4 5.8 3.9 4.5 4.5 2.4 4.3 3.0 3.1 5.3 6.0 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 and and and and and under under under under under $7.20 ............. $7.40 ............. $7.60 ............. $7.80 ............. $ 8 .0 0 ............. 3.2 3.4 2.7 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.4 .8 4.2 4.8 3.7 3.3 2.1 4.4 3.0 5.1 2.7 1.5 3.9 2.1 .9 .7 .2 1.6 1.2 .4 1.0 .9 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.6 3.3 2.6 2.5 2.2 1.7 1.1 2.2 4.5 6.0 2.7 2.1 4.8 11.7 6.5 2.6 1.1 $8.00 $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 and and and and and under under under under under $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 $9.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 2.4 1.8 3.2 9.0 5.7 1.4 .6 .6 .5 .6 3.1 2.2 1.8 2.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 .5 .5 .4 2.1 .1 .1 .1 (2) .7 .3 .1 .1 .1 2.5 2.4 4.9 15.4 9.8 1.2 .7 .9 .9 .5 3.0 2.2 3.5 .8 1.4 4.3 .8 2.8 4.7 2.9 $9.00 $9.20 $9.40 $9.60 $9.80 and and and and and under under under under under $9.20 ............. $9.40 ............. $9.60 ............. $9.80 ............. $ 1 0 .0 0 ........... 2.3 1.4 .7 .9 .6 .3 .2 .2 .1 .1 1.5 .8 1.0 .8 1.7 .1 .1 .2 3.7 2.2 .9 1.4 .6 .7 .5 .3 .6 1.0 1.0 1.9 2.1 .4 .6 .6 .7 .2 .1 .1 $10.00 and o v e r ....................... 7.9 1.8 10.0 .2 3 11.6 4.8 2.1 1.3 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Less than 0.05 percent. 3 W orkers were distributed as follows: 3.0 percent at $10 to $10.40; - (2) .1 ' .1 (2) (2) .1 .1 .2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) - .9 5.6 percent at $10.40 to $10.80; and 3.1 percent at $10.80 and over. NOTE: 100. Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal Table 3. All foundries: Occupational averages (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings in selected occupations, United States and regions, September 1979) United States Occupation Number of work Mean ers Air-set ope rato rs.................................... 762 Arc-air s c a r fe r s ...................................... 609 Carpenters, m aintenance...................... 335 Centrifugal-casting-machine 261 operators, p ip e ..................................... Metal m o ld s ....................................... 215 Sand-lined molds .............................. 46 Charging-machine operators................. 555 Chippers and grinders ........................... 19,009 C h ip p e rs .............................................. 3,040 G rin d e rs .............................................. 6,661 Chippers and grinders......................... 9,308 Core assemblers and fin ish ers.............. 4,548 Coremakers, h a n d ................................. 2,702 Bench .................................................. 1,400 F lo o r .................................................... 443 Bench and flo o r .................................. 859 Coremakers, machine2 .......................... 2,636 Core-blowing machine ........................ 1,578 Turn-over-draw m ach ine..................... 324 Crane operators, electric b rid g e............ 3,369 Under 20 to n s .................................... 1,917 20 tons and o v e r ................................ 1,452 Cupola te n d e rs ..................................... 770 Electricians, m aintenance..................... 2,754 Furnace tenders, electric ...................... 1,820 Furnace tenders’ h e lp e rs ...................... 939 Helpers, trades, m aintenance............... 913 Inspectors, class A ............................... 794 Inspectors, class B ............................... 2,107 Inspectors, class C ............................... 3,018 Laborers, general foun d ry..................... 14,285 Laborers, material handling .................. 1,826 Machinists, m aintenance.................. . 969 Mechanics, g e n e ra l............................... 2,343 Mechanics, m aintenance....................... 4,922 Molders, flo o r ........................................ 2,475 Molders, hand, b e n c h ........................... 723 Molders, machine, autom atic................ 1,807 Molders, machine, semi-automatic ....... 5,255 Jarring ................................................ 391 Roll-over ............................................. 1,206 S q u e e z e ........... .................................. 2,685 Other (single) m a c h in e ....................... 298 Combination (operates more than one type of machine) ........................ 675 Patternmakers, m e ta l............................ 1,324 Patternmakers, w o o d ............................ 916 Pourers, metal ...................................... 4,806 See footnotes at end of table. New England Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range $6.78 7.13 7.90 $6.46 7.06 8.01 $5.71 5.97 6.49 _ - $7.87 7.68 9.42 6.95 7.06 6.45 6.88 6.97 7.68 6.57 7.01 7.80 7.17 7.09 7.65 7.06 7.38 7.07 7.40 7.24 6.97 7.60 6.80 8.91 7.29 6.55 6.70 7.52 7.23 6.76 6.25 6.74 8.19 7.36 8.08 7.32 7.74 7.10 7.31 7.97 7.37 7.02 7.54 6.87 7.01 6.47 6.67 6.71 8.31 6.10 6.75 8.67 6.81 6.96 7.28 6.64 7.33 6.86 7.45 7.12 6.88 7.55 6.56 9.24 7.13 6.25 6.31 7.31 6.83 6.31 5.85 6.75 8.02 7.34 7.70 6.99 8.09 6.74 7.13 8.19 7.20 6.65 7.50 6.23 6.44 6.06 5.40 5.47 6.15 5.35 5.53 6.72 6.12 5.90 6.40 6.24 5.84 5.79 5.89 6.15 6.15 6.17 5.85 7.54 6.16 5.52 5.50 6.16 6.10 5.43 5.09 5.23 6.82 6.50 6.64 6.40 6.25 5.88 5.92 6.74 5.94 5.70 6.69 - 7.49 7.68 6.68 8.76 8.67 8.76 7.87 8.67 8.76 8.44 8.55 8.92 7.82 8.76 8.64 8.84 8.33 7.73 8.91 7.89 10.59 8.55 7.74 8.30 8.46 8.67 8.67 7.92 8.50 9.15 7.91 9.39 8.47 8.80 8.53 8.77 8.81 8.60 8.11 8.48 7.88 10.17 8.83 6.99 8.85 11.35 9.04 6.88 5.98 8.64 7.06 5.55 - 8.96 11.40 10.10 8.77 - - - - - Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range _ _ _ - - - - - - 416 69 219 128 28 109 68 17 29 23 6 30 25 46 8 15 8 17 27 74 231 56 6 71 16 107 31 14 209 69 137 - 5.89 5.61 5.88 6.08 5.38 6.69 6.07 6.29 5.96 5.99 5.84 5.97 5.95 5.79 7.33 6.71 4.99 6.83 5.90 4.93 5.30 5.52 6.25 6.26 6.82 6.99 8.02 6.30 7.60 7.75 7.56 - $5.58 5.40 5.49 6.08 4.95 6.37 6.17 6.37 5.84 5.84 6.08 6.08 _ 5.96 6.65 6.82 5.95 4.93 5.36 5.61 _ 6.30 6.45 6.63 6.71 7.45 $5.03 4.95 4.75 5.04 4.64 5.45 5.17 6.37 5.60 5.84 5.55 5.51 5.16 6.65 6.48 5.53 4.44 4.75 4.92 5.81 6.10 5.87 5.24 6.70 6.96 6.55 - 11 6 128 6.51 7.72 5.94 - 14 - $6.16 Middle Atlantic - 7.70 7.35 - - 6.22 5.44 _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range 44 109 69 $6.16 7.25 7.84 $7.01 6.84 8.07 $4.97 5.73 6.44 88 68 57 $6.40 2,553 6.31 613 920 6.42 6.31 1,020 6.17 267 6.81 529 222 6.71 6.37 135 _ 172 6.43 324 6.43 198 _ 40 6.08 810 6.08 298 512 6.33 80 315 6.90 242 _ 125 55 6.82 105 6.34 250 5.37 341 5.83 1,740 6.20 287 _ 201 6.54 309 7.34 464 7.28 610 9.83 170 186 8.61 776 8.26 263 8.91 319 104 7.24 7.43 5.98 6.84 8.12 6.42 6.45 6.10 7.03 7.03 7.77 6.47 8.08 7.59 8.70 7.56 7.11 7.82 6.27 8.36 7.08 6.61 7.23 7.34 6.45 5.88 5.82 7.71 8.84 7.04 7.40 7.45 8.90 6.16 6.88 6.61 6.81 7.84 7.24 7.47 6.70 6.79 6.11 6.14 7.71 5.65 5.90 5.81 6.77 6.91 6.48 6.41 7.33 7.33 10.02 7.42 7.31 7.83 6.08 8.35 6.66 6.00 6.94 7.09 6.36 5.35 5.52 7.54 8.14 7.09 7.20 7.18 7.49 6.17 6.62 6.16 6.76 7.45 5.55 5.39 6.86 5.20 5.28 5.09 6.15 6.15 6.40 5.48 6.13 6.31 7.03 6.19 6.19 6.19 5.52 7.23 5.95 5.43 6.85 5.81 5.34 5.25 4.93 6.19 6.77 6.30 6.13 6.40 6.33 5.80 5.48 _ 5.28 5.48 6.77 7.21 8.96 8.00 6.96 7.11 8.77 8.29 6.41 6.31 8.08 6.77 5.72 6.27 55 101 177 454 - _ - $7.23 8.59 9.94 - 7.66 7.85 _ _ _ _ _ _ 6.67 7.72 9.72 7.15 7.13 6.74 7.56 7.56 9.05 6.81 10.02 9.00 10.02 8.55 7.61 8.81 6.67 9.79 7.94 7.71 8.50 8.67 7.40 6.63 6.58 9.95 11.89 7.66 8.74 8.36 13.87 6.29 7.92 _ 6.92 7.94 9.01 - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 8.55 11.03 9.05 8.14 Table 3. All foundries: Occupational averages— Continued (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings in selected occupations, United States and regions, September 1979) New England United States Occupation Repairers, wood p a tte rn s...................... Sand- or shot-blast o perators................ Sand-slinger operators .......................... Sand m ix e rs ........................................... Shakeout workers ................................. Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs............................... Truckers, p o w e r..................................... F o rk lift................................................. Other than forklift ............................... Tumbler o p e ra to rs................................. Welders, hand2 ...................................... A s s e m b le rs .......................................... Repairers ............................................. Num ber of work Mean ers Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range Number of work Mean ers See footnotes at end of table. Median Middle range $6.57 6.82 7.26 6.59 6.65 $6.24 6.45 6.80 6.13 6.43 $5.46 5.47 6.00 5.47 5.34 - $7.40 8.63 8.60 7.78 8.50 17 19 28 113 $5.52 5.48 5.80 5.54 $5.45 4.94 5.92 5.67 $5.26 4.94 5.36 4.60 2,698 5,321 4,705 616 630 3,382 635 1,597 6.89 6.88 6.91 6.59 7.16 7.36 7.56 7.27 6.76 6.56 6.76 6.17 7.21 7.30 7.38 7.03 5.65 5.70 5.70 5.49 5.45 6.09 6.45 6.01 - 8.68 8.65 8.65 7.50 8.59 8.20 8.65 8.32 74 37 17 20 9 57 18 5.80 5.19 5.17 5.21 5.68 6.23 5.40 5.66 5.07 5.25 4.95 5.90 5.49 5.42 4.90 4.85 4.94 5.49 5.15 Num ber of work Mean ers Air-set o p e ra to rs.................................... Arc-air s c a r fe r s ...................................... Carpenters, m a in te n an ce...................... Centrifugal-casting-machine operators, p ip e ..................................... Metal m o ld s ....................................... Sand-lined molds .............................. Charging-machine operator^................. Chippers and grinders ........................... C h ip p e rs ............................................... G r in d e r s ............................................... Chippers and g rin d ers......................... Core assem blers and fin ish ers.............. Coremakers, h a n d ................................. Bench .................................................. F lo o r .................................................... Bench and flo o r .................................. Coremakers, machine2 ........................... Core-blowing machine ........................ Turn-over-draw m a c h in e ..................... Crane operators, electric b rid g e............ Under 20 t o n s ..................................... 20 tons and o v e r ................................ Cupola te n d e r s ...................................... Electricians, maintenance ..................... Furnace tenders, electric ...................... Furnace tenders’ h e lp e rs ...................... Hourly earnings1 564 1,657 514 1,795 4,647 Border States _ - _ - _ - - $5.99 6.23 6.00 6.56 6.00 6.32 6.25 5.99 6.42 6.46 6.12 6.11 5.61 7.59 6.57 - $6.07 6.16 6.15 6.02 5.98 6.18 5.98 6.34 6.25 6.25 8 983 42 417 85 106 40 9 57 111 83 55 30 51 33 - - 5.76 7.57 6.62 - Middle range _ _ - $5.78 5.10 6.07 4.90 5.75 5.66 5.80 6.13 5.82 5.82 5.17 7.57 6.00 - _ - Number of work Mean ers - - Number of work Mean ers 57 25 42 $5.94 5.40 6.88 $6.64 5.32 6.64 99 77 22 72 $6.38 1,681 104 6.16 802 7.14 775 7.41 38 217 6.82 104 6.89 42 6.77 71 262 6.75 166 25 6.35 316 257 6.46 59 6.18 62 7.57 291 6.80 156 80 - 6.43 6.47 6.30 4.95 4.84 3.97 4.79 5.00 4.62 5.73 4.82 5.95 6.94 5.39 5.45 5.28 6.15 6.28 5.58 5.61 7.03 5.67 5.14 6.23 6.23 6.31 5.02 4.87 3.80 4.89 5.54 4.55 5.74 4.78 5.72 6.64 5.35 5.49 4.28 6.18 6.18 5.38 5.67 7.14 5.66 5.52 Median Middle range 57 230 93 223 720 $5.95 6.81 8.18 6.36 6.42 $5.81 6.11 7.56 5.83 6.04 $5.67 5.08 6.12 5.28 5.29 6.21 5.43 5.40 5.45 7.33 5.79 199 517 375 142 65 600 185 288 6.42 6.53 6.15 7.53 7.22 7.52 7.97 7.57 6.21 6.33 5.83 7.19 7.33 7.11 7.22 7.60 5.02 5.39 5.15 6.23 5.91 6.33 7.04 6.56 _ - $6.21 8.29 10.30 7.12 7.39 7.47 7.39 6.86 9.59 8.05 8.19 8.82 8.16 Southwest Hourly earnings1 Median Hourly earnings1 $5.80 6.20 6.25 6.33 Southeast Hourly earnings1 Median Middle Atlantic Middle range $5.86 4.99 6.31 _ - 5.91 5.91 5.91 4.51 4.07 3.25 4.02 4.12 3.78 4.72 3.60 5.00 6.52 _ 4.75 4.75 2.90 5.95 6.03 4.56 5.30 6.50 4.96 4.15 - $6.64 5.91 8.02 Number of work Mean ers 59 58 - 6.87 6.90 6.61 5.49 5.78 1,252 4.38 5.47 428 679 5.78 165 5.12 6.67 202 88 5.51 6.72 109 6.86 239 5.83 5.83 198 8.02 6.80 161 6.80 152 6.28 5.93 7.54 113 111 6.51 5.79 122 $5.47 5.81 _ - 4.90 5.09 4.75 4.87 5.25 4.91 5.44 5.27 5.34 5.52 5.51 6.86 6.08 4.98 Hourly earnings1 Median $5.81 5.81 4.98 4.98 4.89 4.35 5.76 5.48 6.17 5.19 5.19 5.56 5.56 6.66 6.10 4.98 Middle range _ - $5.81 6.05 - 4.00 4.20 3.80 4.35 3.95 4.00 _ 3.65 _ 4.69 4.69 5.10 5.07 6.29 5.50 _ 4.45 - 5.58 6.14 5.55 5.08 6.49 5.76 6.49 5.69 5.76 _ 6.01 6.01 _ 7.39 6.69 5.42 $5.04 5.49 - Table 3. All foundries: Occupational averages— Continued (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings in selected occupations, United States and regions, September 1979) Border States Occupation Helpers, trades, m aintenance................ Inspectors, class A ............................... Inspectors, class B ............................... Inspectors, class C ............................... Laborers, general foun d ry..................... Laborers, material handling .................. Machinists, m aintenance....................... Mechanics, g e n e ra l............................... Mechanics, m aintenance....................... Molders, flo o r ........................................ Molders, machine, autom atic................. Molders, machine, semi-automatic ....... Jarring ................................................. Roll-over ............................................. Squeeze .............................................. Other (single) machine ....................... Patternmakers, m e ta l............................ Patternmakers, w o o d ............................ Pourers, metal ....................................... Repairers, wood pattern s...................... Sand- or shot-blast operators................ Sand-slinger operators .......................... Sand m ix e rs .......................................... Shakeout workers ................................. Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e rato rs............................... Truckers, p o w e r..................................... F o rk lift................................................. Other than fo rk lift............................... Tumbler o pe rato rs................................. Welders, hand2 ...................................... Repairers ............................................ See footnotes at end of table. Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range 80 52 17 108 20 17 32 112 23 54 79 _ $6.62 6.06 5.52 7.24 6.57 5.91 7.28 7.18 5.86 7.00 6.17 5.78 5.81 5.74 _ $6.83 6.03 5.71 7.02 6.62 6.47 7.55 7.56 6.03 7.11 6.13 5.82 5.93 5.66 _ $6.34 6.03 5.34 7.02 5.90 5.05 6.43 6.75 5.35 6.85 6.13 5.80 5.72 5.46 118 230 228 13 27 21 7.06 5.88 5.89 6.20 6.67 6.77 7.14 6.07 6.07 6.75 7.22 6.66 5.72 5.72 6.29 6.46 _ 43 48 734 - Southeast - - - - Number of work Mean ers _ 70 27 200 $6.83 424 6.16 5.71 1,724 359 241 220 7.32 615 7.39 204 341 6.47 8.30 873 27 7.91 116 6.24 584 13 66 7.81 89 6.34 639 31 141 6.16 10 5.93 192 6.05 473 7.51 6.07 6.07 7.22 7.22 319 553 447 106 55 199 101 Southwest Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range $5.28 6.58 5.42 5.48 4.75 5.25 6.80 6.55 6.65 6.16 5.66 5.96 7.54 6.44 5.81 5.69 6.70 6.79 5.05 6.77 4.84 6.32 5.08 4.90 $5.54 6.55 5.22 5.38 4.83 5.23 6.82 6.67 6.82 5.95 5.48 5.83 8.02 6.21 5.48 _ 6.94 6.59 4.98 6.66 5.24 5.26 5.15 $4.73 5.70 5.01 4.92 3.88 5.09 6.39 5.83 6.36 5.35 5.08 5.33 6.95 5.39 4.97 _ 6.28 5.73 4.25 6.31 3.80 4.25 3.90 _ - 4.95 5.28 5.29 5.26 4.36 6.29 6.12 5.00 5.41 5.41 5.27 4.12 6.64 6.64 3.91 4.84 4.84 4.71 3.95 5.89 5.91 - - _ - _ - - Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range $5.88 66 7.18 113 5.89 57 69 6.18 5.71 1,051 5.76 166 7.10 7.14 129 327 7.10 6.80 133 100 6.25 6.54 312 8.23 79 7.26 69 6.64 130 _ _ 6.94 34 48 7.88 274 5.85 7.89 65 67 5.78 57 89 5.93 5.84 212 $4.29 5.84 5.39 4.59 4.12 4.08 6.41 6.35 4.79 6.06 5.39 6.78 5.10 4.96 _ 7.60 7.53 5.24 5.76 4.96 4.99 5.07 4.56 $4.28 5.66 5.47 4.85 4.10 3.96 6.61 6.29 4.65 5.91 5.58 6.72 4.60 5.10 _ 7.60 7.85 5.19 5.46 5.09 5.31 5.19 4.62 $3.81 5.58 4.56 3.55 3.65 3.80 6.10 6.22 3.35 5.28 4.00 5.58 4.00 3.60 _ 6.88 6.47 4.30 5.46 4.63 3.75 4.87 3.45 192 338 308 30 31 401 257 5.02 4.84 4.82 5.03 4.85 5.94 6.38 5.19 4.98 4.79 5.09 5.03 5.77 6.13 4.53 4.35 4.35 4.76 4.62 5.40 5.56 5.82 5.96 5.96 5.96 5.29 6.89 6.64 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - $4.62 5.93 6.10 5.19 4.79 4.16 7.11 6.66 5.80 6.72 6.34 7.64 5.76 5.76 _ 7.89 8.70 6.09 6.30 5.53 5.56 5.50 5.37 5.54 5.19 5.19 5.17 5.03 6.41 6.90 Table 3. All foundries: Occupational averages— Continued (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings in selected occupations, United States and regions, September 1979) Occupation Air-set o pe rato rs..................................... Arc-air s c a r fe r s ....................................... Carpenters, m ain te n an ce....................... Centrifugal-casting-machine operators, p ip e ...................................... Metal m o ld s ........................................ Charging-machine o p e rato rs.................. Chippers and grinders ........................... C h ip p e rs ............................................... G rin d e rs ............................................... Chippers and g rin d ers.......... ............... Core assem blers and fin is h e rs .............. Coremakers, h a n d .................................. Bench ................................................... F lo o r ..................................................... Bench and f lo o r ................................... Coremakers, machine2 ........................... Core-blowing machine ......................... Turn-over-draw m a c h in e ...................... Crane operators, electric b rid g e ............ Under 20 t o n s ...................................... 20 tons and o v e r ................................. Cupola te n d e rs ....................................... Electricians, maintenance ...................... Furnace tenders, electric ....................... Furnace tenders’ h e lp e rs ....................... Helpers, trades, m ain tenan ce................ Inspectors, class A ................................ Inspectors, class B ................................ Inspectors, class C ................................ Laborers, general fo u n d ry ...................... Laborers, material handling ................... Machinists, m ain tenan ce........................ Mechanics, g e n e ra l................................ Mechanics, m aintenance........................ Molders, flo o r ......................................... Molders, hand, b e n c h ............................ Molders, machine, au to m atic................. Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........ Jarring .................................................. Roll-over .............................................. Squeeze ............................................... Other (single) machine ........................ Combination (operates more than one type of machine) ......................... Patternmakers, m e ta l............................. Patternmakers, w o o d ............................. Pourers, metal ........................................ Repairers, wood p a tte rn s............. ......... See footnotes at end of table. Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range 513 242 165 $7.12 7.67 8.62 $6.78 7.53 8.99 $5.79 6.23 7.96 333 9,802 1,730 2,752 5,320 3,791 1,053 638 164 251 1,376 717 107 1,582 869 713 434 1,797 948 440 585 401 1,415 1,820 7,477 880 385 1,194 2,835 900 333 917 2,334 215 569 1,089 93 7.83 7.90 8.23 7.64 7.92 8.20 7.90 7.77 8.06 8.15 8.15 7.94 8.67 7.66 7.47 7.90 7.57 9.59 7.85 7.41 7.23 8.10 7.71 7.54 7.18 7.66 8.99 7.78 8.85 7.76 8.47 7.79 8.16 8.72 8.06 7.83 8.46 8.76 8.62 8.67 8.24 8.42 8.67 7.74 7.55 7.94 7.82 8.67 8.02 8.84 7.73 7.52 8.47 7.22 10.59 8.11 7.59 7.53 7.63 7.44 8.59 7.74 7.98 9.04 7.71 9.31 7.62 8.79 7.91 8.34 8.70 7.92 7.75 8.39 6.99 6.28 7.90 5.89 6.28 8.45 6.46 6.52 6.64 6.26 7.33 6.86 7.10 6.88 6.71 7.38 6.47 8.96 6.66 6.35 5.68 7.22 6.74 5.88 5.96 6.90 8.78 6.79 7.40 6.54 8.10 6.64 6.79 8.03 6.74 6.25 7.77 1,051 446 2,766 318 10.70 9.88 7.86 6.61 11.39 9.51 7.71 6.38 9.43 9.21 6.86 5.78 _ - _ - - - Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range $8.33 8.95 9.75 32 48 6 $6.05 6.77 7.41 $6.11 6.26 - $5.42 5.71 - 8.76 8.76 8.87 8.76 8.73 8.76 9.09 9.00 9.10 9.26 8.79 8.79 10.23 8.91 8.34 8.92 9.07 10.65 9.07 8.31 8.81 9.37 8.83 8.67 8.50 8.68 9.89 8.99 10.57 8.74 8.80 9.01 9.08 9.22 9.34 9.08 9.04 21 738 135 309 294 111 171 100 30 41 145 121 20 160 90 70 30 91 73 45 27 66 124 357 36 97 218 141 21 266 56 157 6.10 6.39 7.58 6.90 5.32 6.05 7.56 7.28 8.75 7.38 6.48 6.66 5.35 6.45 6.82 5.97 7.05 7.25 6.92 6.40 6.82 7.61 5.64 5.79 6.61 6.25 7.22 7.62 6.82 7.03 7.39 6.83 - 5.47 5.60 6.17 6.15 5.05 5.47 7.12 6.85 8.86 7.12 6.14 6.18 5.05 6.17 6.36 6.14 6.99 7.05 6.41 5.88 7.10 6.51 5.70 5.70 5.70 6.15 6.64 7.09 6.35 6.73 7.41 6.41 - 5.47 4.95 5.60 5.25 4.62 4.95 6.31 5.97 8.37 6.63 5.43 5.58 4.65 5.56 5.65 5.56 5.69 6.16 6.08 5.40 6.81 6.11 5.02 5.29 5.26 5.65 6.26 6.64 5.64 5.99 6.13 5.92 - 11.40 11.40 9.00 7.49 12 57 230 31 6.19 7.22 5.78 6.68 6.89 5.50 6.12 6.11 5.14 5.32 - Pacific Mountain Middle West Great Lakes _ - - - - $6.45 7.15 - Number of work Mean ers - - Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range - - 6.55 6.87 8.03 7.41 6.17 6.75 8.86 8.71 8.86 7.81 6.91 7.03 6.04 6.58 6.72 6.42 8.21 7.77 7.45 6.56 7.10 9.10 6.15 6.24 8.09 6.73 7.54 7.95 7.03 7.71 7.60 7.71 - 231 222 51 20 18 42 39 36 52 17 31 12 115 66 41 31 - $5.85 5.92 6.83 6.97 6.56 6.83 6.88 8.54 7.09 6.48 8.50 6.69 7.66 6.83 7.53 7.84 - $5.85 5.85 6.50 6.64 6.48 6.25 6.25 8.04 7.74 6.21 8.47 7.46 6.65 6.60 7.20 - $5.70 5.70 6.14 5.97 6.48 6.25 6.25 8.04 6.65 5.45 8.04 7.46 6.50 5.96 5.96 - 7.61 6.02 7.40 16 41 - 8.47 6.57 - 9.25 6.16 - 8.10 6.05 - - - - - - - - - - - Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range 31 111 13 $7.81 7.20 7.72 $8.86 7.48 - $6.37 6.80 - - $9.01 7.66 - 34 30 16 $5.97 1,353 202 698 5.97 453 30 264 7.30 7.31 120 28 116 6.61 98 60 7.11 185 7.28 132 53 43 9.57 52 7.74 190 74 8.04 43 79 45 111 _ 821 22 8.47 18 83 8.10 252 262 7.31 45 76 336 9.03 221 10.00 28 - 6.88 6.92 5.67 6.37 6.65 6.02 6.79 7.23 7.56 7.95 7.80 7.10 8.02 7.93 7.09 7.10 7.05 6.23 8.65 7.18 5.98 5.97 8.19 7.69 5.72 5.89 6.56 7.90 8.37 7.64 7.97 6.06 8.06 7.71 7.51 6.66 7.32 7.42 5.48 7.10 7.27 6.60 7.23 6.59 8.09 8.63 8.09 6.55 8.09 8.63 7.28 7.28 7.23 6.46 8.99 7.59 6.73 6.24 8.09 7.30 5.82 6.73 6.75 8.17 8.54 7.55 8.54 6.05 8.54 8.09 7.40 6.74 6.64 7.18 5.36 5.63 5.43 4.52 5.70 6.33 6.55 6.96 6.65 6.33 8.09 7.25 7.23 7.28 7.23 5.08 7.89 6.68 4.29 5.02 7.34 6.84 4.50 5.09 6.27 7.40 7.69 6.66 6.70 3.70 7.66 6.74 6.38 6.15 - 7.43 7.43 6.02 7.27 7.27 7.26 7.29 8.90 8.63 8.65 8.63 8.54 8.63 8.63 7.33 7.32 7.33 7.32 9.24 8.09 7.26 6.80 8.19 7.59 7.44 6.80 6.75 8.59 8.94 8.54 8.63 8.63 9.00 8.64 8.76 6.90 22 45 162 36 8.46 10.75 6.20 8.70 8.54 11.63 6.84 8.03 7.42 9.00 5.22 7.32 9.25 7.43 - - _ - 8.65 11.63 7.23 11.63 Table 3. All foundries: Occupational averages— Continued (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings in selected occupations, United States and regions, September 1979) Great Lakes Occupation Sand- or shot-blast ope rato rs................ Sand-slinger operators .......................... Sand m ix e rs ........................................... Shakeout workers .................................. Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs................................ Truckers, p o w e r..................................... F o rk lift.................................................. Other than forklift ................................ Tumbler o p e ra to rs.................................. Welders, hand1 2 ...................................... A ss e m b le rs .......................................... Repairers ............................................. Number of work Mean ers Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range Hourly earnings1 Median Hourly earnings1 Number of work Mean ers Middle range 1,022 208 981 2,466 $7.34 7.99 7.21 7.49 $7.20 8.60 6.88 7.69 $5.89 6.72 5.82 6.14 - $8.67 8.97 8.81 8.76 47 25 105 243 $6.26 5.85 5.92 5.65 $5.47 5.86 5.77 5.35 $5.46 5.63 5.40 4.71 - $6.56 6.13 6.13 6.28 1,586 3,255 2,982 273 405 1,580 294 667 7.63 7.57 7.62 6.96 7.87 7.88 8.15 7.63 7.71 7.98 8.30 7.18 7.83 8.00 8.02 7.68 6.05 6.41 6.53 5.89 6.05 6.84 7.38 6.27 - 8.91 8.67 8.67 7.78 8.70 8.91 8.91 8.97 98 165 133 32 30 197 24 72 6.44 6.14 6.13 6.20 5.81 6.93 6.10 7.57 5.54 6.17 6.17 5.96 5.19 6.40 6.05 6.40 5.32 5.38 5.25 5.68 4.98 5.95 5.95 5.95 - 6.45 6.33 6.33 6.74 6.23 7.09 6.26 8.49 1 See appendix A for definition of means, medians and middle ranges. Medians and middle ranges are not provided for entries with fewer than 15 workers. 2 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. Pacific Mountain Middle West Median $5.46 27 69 6.21 5.78 $5.61 6.21 5.47 9 85 82 43 6.94 6.25 6.26 6.26 6.26 5.79 5.79 5.93 5.93 20 - - - 43 - Middle range $5.45 5.72 5.47 5.79 5.79 5.93 5.93 - $5.63 6.78 6.21 - - - 6.41 6.49 6.25 6.25 Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range 88 37 96 272 $6.48 6.88 6.69 6.07 $6.79 6.80 7.26 6.73 $5.70 6.80 5.87 5.15 - $7.32 7.18 7.28 6.91 103 141 133 8 19 278 20 130 7.04 6.66 6.66 6.65 6.81 7.65 6.24 7.86 7.71 6.90 6.90 7.26 8.09 6.12 8.54 6.56 6.10 6.16 6.85 6.43 5.92 7.10 - 8.09 7.26 7.26 7.26 8.63 6.13 8.63 - NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, Table 4. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of production workers by selected characteristics, United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States Characteristic Number of workers Average hourly earnings New England Number of workers Average hourly earnings Middle Atlantic Number of workers Average hourly earnings Border States Number of workers Average hourly earnings Southeast Number of workers Great Lakes Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Pacific Middle West Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings All production w o rk e rs ................................. 93,068 $7.32 1,624 $6.08 7,260 $6.36 5,502 $6.29 8,269 $4.94 61,039 $8.13 3,463 $5.77 2,479 $6.86 Size of community: Metropolitan areas2 .................................. Nonmetropolitan areas ............................. 66,335 26,733 7.51 6.86 1,502 - 6.15 - 6,804 - 6.43 - 4,109 - 6.29 - 3,875 4,394 5.42 4.52 43,276 17,763 8.27 7.79 2,329 - 6.11 - 2,479 - 6.86 - Size of establishment: 50-249 w o rk e rs ......................................... 250 workers or m o re ................................. 32,957 60,111 6.09 8.00 1,163 - 6.30 - 4,526 2,734 5.87 7.17 860 4,642 5.84 6.37 3,140 5,129 4.84 5.00 15,388 45,651 6.62 8.64 2,964 - $5.76 - 2,231 - 6.91 - 80,613 7.61 1,101 6.33 6,111 6.48 5,373 6.32 5,513 5.17 57,625 8.24 2,116 5.45 2,082 6.98 12,455 5.45 57,312 35,756 6.34 8.91 Labor-management contract coverage: Establishments w ithMajority of workers c o v e re d .................. None or minority of workers c o v e re d .......................................... ....... Type of foundry ownership: Commercial3 .............................................. C a p tiv e ...................................................... - 1,502 - - $6.15 - - 6,123 1,137 - $6.38 6.25 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget - 5,502 - - $6.29 - - 7,789 - - $4.91 - - 27,147 33,892 - $6.96 9.07 - 3,463 - through February 1974. 3 For definition of commercial and captive foundries, see appendix A. - $5.77 - - 2,354 - - 6.87 - Table 5. Earnings distribution: Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings (Percent distribution of production workers, United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States1 Hourly earnings New England Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Number of w o rkers................... Average hourly earnings1 2 ......... 93,068 $7.32 1,624 $6.08 7,260 $6.36 5,502 $6.29 8,269 $4.94 61,039 $8.13 3,463 $5.77 2,479 $6.86 T o ta l....... ......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $3.40 ............................. $3.40 and under $3.60 ............. $3.60 and under $3.80 ............. $3.80 and under $4.00 ............. 1.1 .4 .9 1.2 .4 1.5 .4 .1 .5 .3 .7 .1 .1 .3 .5 5.2 1.7 6.2 10.7 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 and and and and and under under under under under $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.9 1.0 2.0 2.7 6.8 9.2 .6 .4 2.0 3.5 6.8 .5 .5 .5 .3 .6 10.8 7.4 3.0 5.0 4.6 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 and and and and and under under under under under $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 $6.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 2.3 4.2 4.4 5.0 4.8 6.0 4.4 4.5 2.2 6.5 6.7 8.2 8.1 9.2 6.5 .8 5.8 2.0 18.6 10.2 $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 and and and and and under under under under under $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 4.3 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.6 8.6 13.3 4.6 7.6 3.7 6.4 2.9 4.0 5.7 3.6 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 and and and and and under under under under under $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 $8.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 2.2 2.3 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.2 $8.00 $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 and and and and and under under under under under $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 $9.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 1.3 1.3 4.1 13.4 8.6 $9.00 $9.20 $9.40 $9.60 $9.80 and and and and and under under under under under $9.20 ............. $9.40 ............. $9.60 ............. $9.80 ............. $10.00 ........... $10.00 and over ....................... _ (34 ) - .1 1.8 - _ .2 .1 .2 .1 .4 .7 5.9 5.2 5.7 6.1 5.8 2.1 .8 2.2 .3 1.5 3.8 7.3 2.0 5.2 9.4 1.1 3.1 4.3 3.2 3.7 7.0 6.9 8.4 8.3 3.7 3.5 6.3 3.0 4.9 4.6 17.1 7.9 5.0 4.4 3.2 5.4 2.3 2.0 3.2 .6 2.6 1.9 2.6 2.0 2.4 5.1 5.3 3.1 2.6 2.5 4.7 1.5 3,1 4.0 7.9 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.7 2.0 4.7 3.1 5.5 2.9 1.5 .7 1.7 .8 .1 (3) 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.8 2.3 2.0 1.5 .8 8.0 10.4 8.3 2.6 .3 1.5 .3 .7 .8 .4 3.1 1.5 2.0 3.1 .6 1.0 1.1 .5 .5 .4 (3) 1.4 1.6 5.8 19.8 12.7 1.0 .5 .8 .7 .3 1.0 .9 2.5 4.7 5.5 3.0 1.1 .5 1.2 .4 .3 .3 .2 .1 .2 1.0 .3 .4 .7 .5 .1 .1 .8 .8 .3 .2 .5 2.0 .8 .7 .4 .2 8.9 3.1 3.0 1.1 .9 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 3 Less than 0.05 percent. 4 Workers were distributed as follows: 3.6 percent at $10 (3) _ (3) (3) .1 .1 .1 4.3 1.6 .7 1.7 .5 .1 .3 4 13.0 - .1 (3) - to $10.40; 6.6 percent at $10.40 to $10.80; and 2.9 percent at $10.80 and over. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Table 6. Gray iron foundries, except pipes and fittings: Occupational averages (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States2 Occupation Number of work Mean ers Air-set o p e ra to rs..................................... 582 $6.78 Arc-air s c a r fe r s ...................................... 28 6.16 Carpenters, m ain te n an ce...................... 125 8.16 Centrifugal-casting-machine operators, pipe ...................................... 24 7.20 Charging machine operators ................. 388 7.08 Chippers and grinders ........................... 10,504 6.93 C h ip p e rs ............................................... 1,413 7.93 Grinders ............................................... 3,292 6.35 Chippers and g rin d ers......................... 5,799 7.01 Core assem blers and fin ish e rs.............. 3,717 8.01 Coremakers, h a n d .................................. 1,352 6.72 Bench ................................................... 713 6.82 F lo o r ..................................................... 173 6.97 Bench and f lo o r ................................... 466 6.49 Coremakers, machine4 ........................... 1,540 7.17 Core-blowing machine ........................ 835 6.82 Turn-over-draw m a c h in e ...................... 145 6.82 Crane operators, electric b rid g e ............ 1,281 7.29 Under 20 t o n s ..................................... 630 6.87 20 tons and o v e r ................................. 7.70 651 Cupola te n d e r s ...................................... 642 6.82 Electricians, maintenance ..................... 1,428 9.40 Furnace tenders, electric ...................... 855 7.17 Furnace tenders’, h e lp e rs ...................... 6.52 351 Helpers, trades, m aintenance................ 589 6.95 Inspectors, class A ................................ 197 8.51 Inspectors, class B ................................ 874 7.11 Inspectors, class C ................................ 1,877 7.11 Laborers, general fo u n d ry ...................... 7,569 6.47 Laborers, material handling ................... 816 7.08 Machinists, m ain tenan ce....................... 348 8.41 Mechanics, g e n e ra l................................ 1,577 7.41 Mechanics, m aintenance....................... 2,161 8.37 Molders, flo o r ......................................... 1,443 7.28 Molders, hand, b e n c h ............................ 228 6.33 Molders, machine, au tom atic................. 1,178 7.27 Molders, machine, semi-automatic ....... 3,214 7.23 Jarring .................................................. 190 7.92 Roll-over .............................................. 716 7.45 Squeeze ............................................... 1,686 6.89 Other (single) machine ....................... 173 7.31 Combination (operates more than one type of machine) ........................ 449 7.83 Patternmakers, m e ta l............................. 836 10.50 Patternmakers, w o o d ............................. 389 8.68 Pourers, metal ....................................... 3,115 6.99 Repairers, wood p atte rn s...................... 295 6.30 Sand- shot-blast operators .................... 910 6.82 See footnotes at end of table. New England Hourly earnings3 Median Middle range _ Number of work Mean ers _ _ Hourly earnings3 Median _ $6.39 5.80 8.76 $5.70 5.80 6.71 - $7.95 6.47 9.42 6.90 7.60 6.49 8.67 5.87 6.74 8.67 6.55 6.79 6.40 6.41 7.22 6.38 6.70 6.97 6.46 8.17 6.59 10.59 6.75 5.85 6.31 9.37 7.16 7.00 5.86 7.20 9.15 7.41 7.96 6.85 6.54 7.33 6.92 8.15 7.30 6.39 7.40 6.75 5.48 5.38 7.27 5.27 5.43 8.24 5.85 5.75 6.10 5.93 5.82 5.49 6.23 5.80 5.82 5.80 5.89 8.00 5.95 5.52 5.64 6.10 5.50 5.84 5.26 5.76 7.04 6.50 6.71 6.40 4.50 6.04 5.83 6.74 5.93 5.67 6.69 - 7.25 8.76 8.67 8.87 8.29 8.67 8.76 7.62 8.18 7.62 6.80 8.76 8.67 7.81 8.91 8.18 8.91 7.90 10.61 9.02 8.31 8.81 9.39 8.76 8.67 8.50 8.50 9.89 8.76 10.57 8.54 8.10 8.59 8.85 8.80 8.71 8.04 8.03 206 34 86 86 22 76 38 17 18 14 28 23 31 22 105 40 33 9 67 20 145 62 80 - 6.23 5.42 6.21 6.57 5.25 6.77 5.76 6.29 6.10 6.13 6.00 5.97 5.64 5.08 5.59 5.53 6.17 6.18 7.64 9.55 7.67 7.88 7.59 - $6.08 5.30 6.11 6.31 4.90 6.37 5.45 6.37 6.43 6.08 6.08 5.50 4.94 5.83 6.11 6.50 6.71 9.16 7.56 7.70 7.43 _ 8.85 11.39 8.92 6.91 6.07 6.42 5.83 8.93 6.56 5.55 5.40 5.48 - 8.91 11.40 10.93 8.77 6.70 8.67 - 6.22 5.81 5.25 6.20 6.05 - - 12 $6.23 7 46 6 8 - Middle range _ _ $5.09 4.96 4.80 6.08 4.60 5.45 5.02 6.37 5.75 5.51 5.51 4.98 4.48 4.80 4.88 5.60 6.37 6.71 6.78 7.24 6.66 5.31 - Border States Middle Atlantic - - - - - Number of work Mean ers _ _ 19 $6.89 Hourly earnings3 Median _ $6.77 Middle range _ $6.20 $6.51 6.18 6.55 6.71 5.96 6.80 6.63 6.37 6.43 6.08 6.08 6.27 _ 5.63 6.20 6.20 6.60 9.51 11.40 8.50 _ 8.45 8.61 _ 36 998 57 255 686 108 319 129 64 126 85 47 15 268 85 183 63 78 72 36 23 96 91 822 74 200 92 302 43 89 422 198 126 70 5.91 6.06 6.14 5.36 6.32 6.05 6.73 6.94 7.10 6.34 6.15 5.96 7.09 7.55 6.53 8.03 6.08 8.43 6.12 5.77 7.74 5.76 5.48 5.28 7.01 6.90 7.07 7.36 6.19 6.17 6.65 6.33 6.82 7.40 5.88 5.60 6.13 5.17 5.73 5.55 6.41 6.92 6.40 6.41 6.04 5.89 6.53 6.60 6.12 8.02 6.06 8.67 6.17 5.43 8.50 5.34 5.60 5.22 7.51 6.62 6.71 6.77 6.27 6.20 6.56 5.28 6.92 7.42 5.71 5.04 5.65 4.81 5.28 5.03 6.04 6.31 6.31 5.48 5.31 4.59 5.89 6.08 6.01 6.19 5.42 6.80 5.55 5.00 8.05 5.25 5.12 4.93 5.99 5.94 5.52 6.40 5.07 5.26 5.28 5.28 5.69 6.77 6.27 - 28 _ 92 222 38 76 6.21 7.64 6.27 5.71 5.41 6.31 7.15 5.95 5.68 5.33 5.50 5.98 5.19 5.40 4.83 - - _ _ - _ $7.13 6.31 6.13 6.78 5.60 6.34 6.74 6.93 7.25 6.50 6.77 6.31 6.31 7.28 8.55 6.52 8.55 6.55 9.79 6.45 5.66 8.50 6.03 5.78 5.53 7.54 7.38 8.74 8.53 7.00 6.64 7.49 6.62 7.80 7.72 6.50 _ 9.05 6.70 5.93 5.72 Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings3 Median Middle range _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 900 $6.28 417 6.56 85 6.00 89 6.26 27 6.16 57 6.42 106 6.48 67 6.10 39 6.07 30 5.61 7.59 51 21 6.81 _ 42 6.63 41 6.08 714 5.52 77 7.28 43 6.44 _ 17 5.91 88 7.44 _ _ _ 27 90 20 _ 7.03 6.30 _ 5.77 $6.07 6.15 6.02 5.98 6.30 5.98 6.34 5.93 5.82 5.76 7.57 6.75 6.83 6.03 5.71 7.02 6.75 _ 6.47 7.69 _ $5.82 6.07 4.90 5.76 5.35 5.80 6.17 5.82 5.82 5.17 7.57 6.55 6.34 6.03 5.34 7.02 5.15 _ 5.05 6.60 _ - _ _ 7.42 6.13 _ 5.82 _ _ 6.68 6.13 _ 5.80 - - - - _ - _ _ - $6.44 7.14 7.41 6.82 6.96 6.77 6.78 6.28 6.41 6.18 7.57 7.02 6.83 6.16 5.71 7.32 7.32 _ 6.47 8.37 _ _ _ 7.81 6.34 _ 6.16 Table 6. Gray iron foundries, except pipes and fittings: Occupational averages— Continued (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Occupation Sand-slinger o p e ra to rs........ Sand m ix e rs ........................ Shakeout workers ............... Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs............. Truckers, p o w e r................... F o rk lift............................... Other than fo rk lift............. Tumbler o p e rato rs............... Welders, h a n d .................. A ss e m b le rs ....................... R e p a ire rs .......................... Combination ...................... Num ber of work Mean ers Hourly earnings3 Median Middle range 215 $6.81 1,147 6.65 3,341 6.70 $6.80 6.06 6.28 $5.71 5.44 5.37 _ - $7.84 8.67 8.76 7.02 6.98 7.06 6.35 6.70 7.46 8.20 7.83 6.78 6.94 6.86 6.97 5.96 6.54 7.37 8.91 8.91 5.98 5.89 5.72 5.72 5.51 5.54 5.91 8.11 6.18 5.91 _ - 8.91 8.67 8.67 7.25 8.29 8.91 8.91 9.10 8.26 1,866 2,985 2,676 309 306 612 88 276 248 Number of work Mean ers _ _ 19 $5.95 5.64 81 _ 25 14 10 - _ 5.07 5.09 5.92 - Southeast Num ber of work Mean ers Air-set o p e rato rs....................... Carpenters, m ain te nan ce......... Charging machine operators .... Choppers and grinders .............. Choppers.................................. G r in d e r s .................................. Chippers and g rin d ers............ Core assemblers and finishers .. Coremakers, h a n d ..................... Bench ..................................... F lo o r ....................................... Bench and flo o r ..................... Coremakers, machine4 .............. Core-blowing machine ........... Tum-over-draw m a ch in e ........ Crane operators, electric bridge Under 20 to n s ........................ 20 tons and o v e r .................... Cupola te n d e rs ......................... Electricians, maintenance ........ Furnace tenders, electric ......... Furnace tenders’, h e lp e rs ........ Helpers, trades, maintenance .... Inspectors, class A ................... Inspectors, class B ................... Inspectors, class C ................... Laborers, general fo u n d ry........ See footnotes at end of table. _ _ 27 $4.31 851 4.28 4.32 431 14 3.81 87 4.91 45 3.62 33 6.63 180 5.04 117 5.25 53 5.40 35 5.91 25 5.49 53 6.57 89 5.25 32 4.63 177 4.95 672 4.25 _ $3.95 4.07 4.02 4.99 3.55 6.64 5.22 5.35 5.50 6.12 5.50 6.50 5.22 4.15 4.52 3.88 _ Middle range $6.08 5.90 _ $5.81 4.60 _ 4.95 - 4.87 - _ - _ $6.33 6.33 _ - 5.25 - Number of work Mean ers Middle range _ $3.91 3.90 3.90 3.55 3.40 6.63 4.75 4.75 4.46 5.50 5.20 5.72 4.50 4.08 3.89 3.70 - - - _ $5.04 4.28 4.69 6.64 3.85 6.64 5.83 5.83 6.24 6.48 6.42 7.33 5.83 5.52 6.18 5.24 Number of work Mean ers 456 $7.00 84 9.02 275 7.72 6,254 7.86 1,057 8.66 1,613 7.40 3,584 7.82 3,311 8.30 513 7.40 334 7.58 58 7.49 121 6.85 900 8.10 395 7.90 40 7.80 745 7.73 345 7.52 400 7.92 399 7.52 1,190 9.76 533 7.86 203 7.42 445 7.29 153 9.22 575 7.93 1,374 7.75 4,560 7.34 $6.49 9.42 8.76 8.67 8.76 7.88 8.67 8.67 6.85 7.02 7.62 6.26 8.76 8.67 7.50 8.63 7.49 8.74 7.10 10.59 8.10 7.74 7.12 9.37 8.70 8.67 8.49 Middle range $5.72 8.76 6.52 5.89 8.67 5.55 6.18 8.65 6.26 6.15 6.08 6.26 7.48 6.59 6.70 6.23 6.24 5.64 6.46 9.39 6.41 5.76 5.68 9.37 7.16 6.14 5.84 Median $7.94 5.50 5.52 5.47 5.99 5.92 6.38 5.77 7.75 6.30 9.07 5.06 5.49 5.49 6.47 6.77 6.56 8.64 73 158 136 22 6 43 19 20 Middle range $6.12 5.00 5.08 _ - $8.85 6.31 5.87 4.79 5.26 5.00 5.51 6.03 6.03 7.72 _ - 6.14 6.52 6.25 6.86 8.64 6.56 11.74 - Number of work Mean ers _ _ 76 $5.73 114 219 219 - 7.09 5.90 5.90 - _ - - - $8.26 10.35 8.76 8.76 8.97 8.76 8.73 8.76 8.55 8.86 8.97 7.62 8.78 8.79 8.33 8.99 8.99 9.00 9.07 10.66 9.07 8.31 8.97 10.00 8.99 8.67 8.50 Number of work Mean ers _ _ 15 $6.35 386 5.44 30 6.52 177 5.93 179 4.76 67 5.39 69 6.49 42 6.03 115 6.30 20 5.35 43 6.05 32 6.29 27 7.06 27 7.75 41 6.61 13 5.41 - 9 95 139 - 6.36 5.42 5.76 Hourly earnings3 Median _ $5.50 5.00 6.35 5.51 4.95 '4.95 6.44 5.85 6.11 5.05 5.65 5.68 7.13 7.38 6.36 - 5.47 5.77 Middle range _ $5.21 4.40 5.55 4.75 4.40 4.95 5.85 5.32 5.05 4.65 5.45 5.65 5.69 7.34 5.94 - - - - 5.02 5.28 Hourly earnings3 Median _ $5.65 7.21 6.07 6.07 - Middle range _ $5.46 6.75 5.72 5.72 - - _ $6.08 7.51 6.07 6.07 - Pacific M id d le W est Hourly earnings3 Median Hourly earnings3 29 $8.02 114 6.06 356 5.78 Great Lakes Hourly earnings3 Median Hourly earnings3 Median Border States Middle Atlantic New England United States2 _ $7.62 5.89 7.63 6.50 5.00 5.62 7.12 6.52 6.91 6.04 6.33 6.56 8.56 7.66 7.00 - - 5.75 6.28 Number of work Mean ers _ _ 12 $5.54 391 6.70 123 6.91 134 6.33 134 6.87 18 7.66 97 7.59 52 8.08 36 7.12 29 7.70 15 7.14 33 6.71 27 6.91 30 6.25 30 7.19 15 6.25 - 36 339 - 6.80 6.11 Hourly earnings3 Median _ $7.27 7.27 7.18 7.29 8.90 7.70 8.65 6.55 8.54 7.00 7.28 7.30 6.46 7.59 6.80 7.45 6.80 Middle range _ $5.64 7.27 5.41 5.70 5.96 6.55 8.15 6.55 7.00 5.37 5.79 6.18 5.48 6.60 5.43 5.82 5.34 - - _ $7.45 7.53 7.45 7.29 8.90 8.65 8.85 7.70 8.54 8.78 7.36 7.56 7.43 7.59 7.47 7.45 7.06 Table 6. Gray iron foundries, except pipes and fittings: Occupational averages— Continued (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Southeast Occupation Laborers, material handling ................... Machinists, m ain te nan ce....................... Mechanics, g e n e ra l................................ Mechanics, m aintenance....................... Molders, flo o r ......................................... Molders, hand, b e n c h ............................ Molders, machine, au tom atic................. Molders, machine, semi-automatic ....... Jarring .................................................. Roll-over .............................................. Squeeze ............................................... Other (single) machine ....................... Patternmakers, m e ta l............................. Patternmakers, w o o d ............................. Pourers, metal ....................................... Repairers, wood p atte rn s...................... Sand- shot-blast operators .................... Sand-slinger operators .......................... Sand mixers ........................................... Shakeout workers .................................. Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs ................................ Truckers, p o w e r..................................... F o rk lift.................................................. Other than fo rk lift............. .................. Tumbler o p e ra to rs.................................. Welders, h a n d ........................................ A s s e m b le rs .......................................... R e p a ire rs ............................................. Combination ........................................ Number of work Mean ers _ _ 21 $5.74 128 6.60 154 6.15 87 5.89 112 5.29 578 5.87 420 5.73 47 6.33 427 4.76 92 4.60 116 4.81 323 4.73 152 229 184 45 40 12 4.26 5.00 4.96 5.19 4.07 4.69 Great Lakes Hourly earnings3 Median _ $5.80 6.90 5.75 5.35 5.22 5.83 5.51 5.73 4.42 4.35 4.31 4.30 3.95 4.96 4.96 5.96 4.02 - Middle range _ $5.73 5.83 5.24 5.00 4.30 5.35 5.28 5.24 4.15 3.80 4.05 3.81 3.35 4.19 4.19 4.02 3.05 - _ - - - $5.80 7.46 7.33 6.64 6.42 6.47 6.47 7.29 5.22 5.35 5.90 5.84 5.00 6.06 6.06 5.96 4.12 - - - - - - - - - - - Number of work Mean ers 512 $7.86 219 9.32 870 7.88 1,629 8.88 742 7.69 67 8.25 744 7.64 1,475 8.10 142 8.30 310 8.37 727 7.64 768 10.78 176 10.32 1,974 7.89 188 6.29 633 7.48 69 7.48 715 7.31 2,058 7.53 1,321 2,142 1,947 195 222 435 68 203 164 7.60 7.56 7.63 6.80 7.39 7.90 8.72 8.46 6.87 Hourly earnings3 Median $8.50 9.73 7.89 9.39 7.60 8.10 7.77 8.38 8.56 8.05 6.94 11.39 10.93 7.71 6.07 7.93 7.20 6.87 8.18 7.79 8.38 8.55 6.10 7.52 8.91 8.91 8.94 5.98 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 See appendix A for definitions of means, medians, and middle ranges. Medians and middle ranges are not provided for entries with fewer than 15 workers. Pacific M id d le W est Middle range $6.92 9.15 6.89 6.93 6.54 7.70 6.42 6.62 7.62 7.22 6.24 11.35 9.70 6.88 5.27 5.80 5.80 5.77 6.04 _ - 5.89 6.12 6.25 5.83 5.64 5.98 8.18 8.18 5.91 - - - _ - $8.68 9.89 8.99 10.66 8.74 8.85 9.00 9.04 8.99 9.63 9.08 11.40 11.78 9.00 6.56 8.67 8.97 8.81 8.76 8.91 8.67 8.67 7.78 8.59 8.94 8.91 9.53 8.91 Number of work Mean ers 12 $5.67 78 6.12 54 7.63 36 7.32 209 6.91 45 7.51 136 6.79 7 6.15 16 7.45 155 5.38 19 6.88 15 6.30 15 5.96 66 5.64 187 5.38 72 75 49 _ 21 34 - 6 - 5.63 5.67 5.54 _ 5.29 5.76 _ 6.68 - Hourly earnings3 Median _ $6.00 7.38 6.81 6.63 7.41 6.41 7.24 5.36 6.75 6.35 6.13 5.55 5.05 5.32 5.72 5.61 _ 5.19 5.57 _ - Middle range _ $5.54 7.38 6.64 5.97 6.13 5.87 6.66 5.00 5.00 5.45 5.63 5.24 4.65 5.32 5.20 4.90 4.98 5.40 _ - - - $6.49 7.40 7.95 _ 7.60 7.67 7.78 8.13 5.60 7.95 7.14 6.17 6.13 5.75 - 6.32 6.15 6.14 _ 5.19 5.90 _ _ - - - - Number of work Mean ers _ _ 14 $7.92 65 7.67 76 8.17 44 8.32 152 7.63 124 7.58 10 6.13 _ 8 11.36 60 6.53 15 7.38 34 6.62 30 6.21 134 6.49 47 48 45 24 13 - 7.11 6.34 6.38 _ 7.68 _ 6.89 - Hourly earnings3 Median Middle range _ $8.03 8.65 8.59 8.65 8.65 _ 7.22 7.43 7.27 5.90 6.80 _ $6.57 6.70 _ 8.54 6.00 6.00 5.36 6.57 5.75 5.57 5.78 7.71 6.17 7.00 _ 8.07 _ _ - 7.06 5.74 5.77 _ 6.72 _ _ - _ - - - $8.90 8.76 9.00 8.90 8.90 _ 7.59 8.47 7.32 7.18 7.12 - 7.71 7.06 7.06 - - 8.86 _ _ - - 4 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, Table 7. Occupational earnings for selected localities : Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings (Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, selected localities, September 1979) Los Angeles-Long Beach Chicago Hourly earnings All pro duction workers Chippers and grinders2 Core makers, hand Laborers, general foundry Mechanics general Pourers, metal Shakeout workers All pro duction workers Chippers and grinders2 Core makers, hand Laborers, Mechanics, main general foundry tenance Molders, machine, squeeze Pourers, metal Shakeout workers Number of w o rk e rs .................... Average hourly earnings1 ......... 1,669 $7.30 219 $7.85 40 $7.72 105 $6.82 25 $7.63 49 $7.05 80 $5.82 1,082 $5.86 143 $5.66 42 $6.47 135 $4.98 30 $6.46 51 $6.11 26 $5.54 44 $5.41 Total .................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $4.00 .............................. .2 - - _ 4.1 2.7 .9 .5 - $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 $6.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .1 .1 2.4 1.6 4.8 1.4 .8 2.9 1.9 1.8 $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 $8.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 4.5 6.1 3.1 3.5 5.0 6.3 2.6 4.0 4.9 2.2 .5 2.7 16.0 5.5 .5 .9 $8.00 $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 $9.00 $9.20 $9.40 $9.60 $9.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $8.20 ............. $8.40 ............. $8.60 ............. $8.80 ............. $9.00 ............. $9.20 ............. $9.40 ............. $9.60 ............. $9.80 ............. $ 1 0 .0 0 ........... 8.8 2.5 5.9 11.1 4.7 1.6 2.3 .7 1.1 .2 17.4 5.0 5.0 32.0 .5 1.4 ..5 .5 .5 - $10.00 and over ........................ 1.0 2.3 See footnotes at end of table. .5 .5 - 2.5 - - - - _ _ 8.0 4.0 4.0 - _ 6.1 12.2 4.1 - _ 26.2 7.5 8.7 1.2 - - - 4.8 1.9 4.7 .7 3.3 6.8 14.4 6.9 9.6 7.0 _ _ 8.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 10.2 20.4 4.1 4.1 2.0 4.1 - 2.5 27.5 18.8 _ _ 7.5 10.4 2.8 7.2 4.7 3.1 1.9 .6 .6 .6 .6 1.0 2.5 - 2.5 _ 55.0 5.0 1.0 12.4 1.0 4.8 14.3 1.0 1.9 25.7 1.0 10.5 - 15.0 2.5 7.5 7.5 - 21.9 3.8 - 20.0 4.0 8.0 4.0 8.0 16.0 _ - - - - - 1.0 - - - - - _ 10.2 14.3 4.1 4.1 - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - .4 .3 .1 .4 .4 2.3 1.4 .2 .2 .4 - .1 2.8 - - _ _ .7 14.0 12.6 27.3 7.7 15.4 2.8 - .7 2.1 .7 .7 2.1 .7 1.4 - 7.1 4.8 - 31.1 15.6 8.1 23.7 5.9 5.2 9.6 - - _ _ _ 30.8 11.5 23.1 7.7 3.3 13.3 13.3 17.6 2.0 3.3 33.3 6.7 23.3 - . 3.3 62.7 2.0 7.8 5.9 - 16.7 35.7 31.0 - _ - _ _ _ _ - .7 3.8 3.8 3.8 - 2.3 - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7.7 _ _ - 2.3 - - - - 7.7 7.7 2.3 15.9 15.9 29.5 2.3 6.8 11.4 _ - _ _ 2.4 _ 2.4 .7 4.5 - 2.0 - 6.8 - Table 7. Occupational earnings for selected localities : Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings— Continued (Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, selected localities, September 1979) Pittsburgh St. Louis Hourly earnings All pro duction workers Chippers and grinders2 Core makers, hand Number of w o rk e rs.................... Average hourly earnings1 ......... 1,576 $8.00 186 $8.04 46 $7.76 87 $7.08 42 $8.66 75 $8.06 23 $8.43 T o t a l.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $4.00 .............................. .1 - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 3.4 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 $6.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 1.6 2.7 2.2 4.9 3.4 2.2 $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 $8.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 3.2 1.2 2.2 1.6 6.7 1.6 2.1 3.6 4.1 6.7 $8.00 $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 $9.00 $9.20 $9.40 $9.60 $9.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $8.20 ............. $8.40 ............. $8.60 ............. $8.80 ............. $9.00 ............. $9.20 ............. $9.40 ............. $9.60 ............. $9.80 ............. $ 1 0 .0 0 ........... 9.3 6.2 5.9 8.4 1.0 ,.1.8 .4 1.3 1.3 1.8 $10.00 $10.40 $10.80 $11.20 $11.60 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 0 .4 0 ......... $ 1 0 .8 0 ......... $ 1 1 .2 0 ......... $ 1 1 .6 0 ......... $ 1 2 .0 0 ......... $12.00 $12.40 $12.80 $13.20 and and and and under $ 1 2 .4 0 ......... under $ 1 2 .8 0 ......... under $ 1 3 .2 0 ......... over ........................ .4 - _ .1 .6 1.7 1.5 1.5 5.0 1.4 .3 - 3.8 5.9 3.8 9.1 1.6 8.1 _ Laborers, Mechanics, main general foundry tenance Chippers and grinders2 Core makers, hand 50 $7.09 1,377 $5.91 147 $5.79 32 $6.76 146 $5.68 55 $7.08 82 $7.01 61 $5.95 58 $5.81 100.0 100.0 1C0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 4.2 - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.3 .1 .1 2.3 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.3 2.2 6.5 2.2 2.3 8.0 1.1 8.0 6.9 - 13.0 14.0 4.0 6.0 20.0 - - - - 15.2 _ 4.3 4.3 6.0 - - 17.4 - - - - 2.7 8.0 1.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 - - - - - 4.6 .5 12.4 - - 43.5 - - - - - - 11.9 - - .5 4.3 11.5 14.9 - _ - - 1.1 26.3 - 3.8 - Pourers, Shakeout metal workers - - 2.4 11.9 _ 1.3 9.3 1.3 10.7 2.7 - - - 4.0 4.0 - - - 4.3 - - - 2.0 - - - - - - - 12.0 39.1 _ 5.3 - - - - 2.2 - - 17.3 _ 13.0 13.0 - - 14.3 - - - - - - - - - - - 34.7 _ _ - 2.2 - - - _ - - - - - - 9.5 4.8 38.1 - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ - - - - _ _ _ - - - - 3.1 6.8 9.8 4.8 2.6 1.4 1.5 3.3 1.9 .9 .8 2.7 21.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .4 .5 .4 .4 .1 .2 .3 .1 .3 .1 .1 .1 .1 - _ - - - - 14.0 - - - - - - - - - - 5.3 - 8.7 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23.1 - - - - 21.7 2.0 - 17.4 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 Includes workers classified separately as chippers, grinders, and combination of chippers and FRASER grinders. - - _ - - 23.1 39.5 4.1 .7 _ - .7 2.8 12.3 17.1 12.5 7.2 12.0 - Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Digitized for - - - Laborers, Mechanics, Molders, main machine, general squeeze foundry tenance All pro duction workers Molders floor .7 - - - - - - - - - 1.7 15.5 36.2 8.6 10.3 - - - - 44.5 8.2 11.0 4.8 - 2.4 - 18.8 15.6 12.5 3.1 6.8 19.9 4.1 - 21.9 - - - 19.5 17.1 - - - 3.1 - - - 3.1 3.1 3.1 - 1.8 7.3 18.2 3.6 5.5 1.8 50.9 7.3 - - - 3.6 - _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ - .7 _ - _ - _ 3.1 3.1 - - _ _ _ - _ - _ - - _ Pourers, Shakeout workers metal 3.7 4.9 2.4 8.5 2.4 1.2 2.4 1.2 3.7 2.4 42.6 6.6 9.8 14.8 3.3 9.8 4.9 1.6 4.9 1.6 1.7 17.2 - - - - 1.7 _ _ - 1.7 1.7 3.4 - 6.1 3.7 3.7 4.9 1.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.4 1.2 _ _ - - _ - _ - - 3.1 - - _ _ _ _ 3.7 _ _ _ 3.1 - - _ - - _ - _ _ 1.2 _ _ _ - - _ _ _ - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Table 8. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational averages by size of community (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States1 2 Metropolitan areas Occupation Chippers and grinders3 ............................. G rin d e rs .................................................. Chippers and g rin d ers............................ Core assem blers and fin ish e rs................. Coremakers, hand3 .................................... Bench ...................................................... Coremakers, machine3 .............................. Core-blowing machine ........................... Crane operators, electric bridge3 ............. Under 20 t o n s ........................................ Cupola tenders ......................................... Electricians, maintenance ........................ Furnace tenders, electric ......................... Inspectors, class B .................................... Inspectors, class C ................................... Laborers, general fo u n d ry ........................ Mechanics, m aintenance.......................... Molders, machine, au tom atic.................... Molders, machine, semi-automatic3 ......... Squeeze .................................................. Pourers, metal .......................................... Repairers, wood p a tte rn s......................... Sand- or shot-blast ope rato rs................... Sand m ix e rs .............................................. Shakeout workers ..................................... Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs ................................... Truckers, power3 ........................................ F o rk lift..................................................... Tumbler o p e ra to rs..................................... Welders, h a n d ........................................... Nonmetropolitan areas New England Middle Atlantic Metropolitan areas Metropolitan areas Metropolitan areas Aver age hourly earn ings Nonmetropolitan areas Aver age hourly earn ings 4.45 4.68 4.62 4.54 6.14 4.60 4.10 3.68 5.36 5.25 5.89 5.66 4.35 4.06 4.40 3.92 4,196 1,136 2,332 2,398 467 288 557 226 657 263 247 865 289 406 880 3,413 1,281 354 1,178 484 1,425 114 396 494 1,592 $7.79 7.32 7.75 8.34 7.49 7.75 8.24 8.33 7.73 7.41 7.59 9.92 7.72 7.87 8.03 7.47 9.19 7.94 8.24 7.71 8.00 6.65 7.42 7.41 7.71 2,058 1,252 913 46 46 343 169 88 82 152 325 244 169 494 1,147 348 390 297 243 549 74 237 221 466 $7.99 7.95 8.18 6.48 6.48 7.88 7.33 7.78 7.86 7.41 9.33 8.02 8.05 7.24 6.94 7.74 7.37 7.53 7.51 7.61 5.74 7 .57 7.08 6.94 212 133 17 53 26 31 22 25 27 29 7 129 54 157 116 67 15 13 44 101 $6.07 6.47 6.59 6.77 6.30 6.23 6.58 7.20 7.75 6.78 6.62 5.82 7.63 7.12 6.93 5.75 7.63 6.47 5.77 5.96 4.24 4.27 4.07 4.69 619 1,580 1,419 144 388 8.22 7.66 7.74 7.48 7.89 702 562 528 78 47 7.06 7.27 7.34 7.21 7.95 40 67 43 5.84 5.76 5.62 6.20 Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 7,162 2,468 3,672 2,638 1,167 602 971 519 1,077 474 452 1,030 522 569 1,204 5,733 1,620 664 2,482 1,168 2,165 206 611 820 2,599 $7.01 6.42 7.14 8.13 6.89 7.09 7.41 7.08 7.47 6.96 6.76 9.62 7.07 7.32 7.44 6.63 8.81 7.54 7.41 7.05 7.23 6.57 6.75 6.78 6.90 3,342 824 2,127 1,079 185 111 569 316 204 156 190 398 333 305 673 1,836 541 514 732 518 950 89 299 327 742 $6.76 6.13 6.79 7.74 5.66 5.30 6.78 6.38 6.34 6.59 6.95 8.83 7.33 6.74 6.51 5.96 7.03 6.92 6.63 6.54 6.42 5.68 6.97 6.33 6.04 199 85 80 13 76 38 18 14 29 21 95 9 144 79 46 6 8 19 73 $6.21 6.23 6.54 5.61 6.77 5.76 6.10 6.13 5.67 5.10 5.72 6.18 7.69 7.61 5.81 5.25 6.20 5.95 5.77 947 255 635 105 298 129 85 47 241 79 60 78 63 96 88 720 89 77 407 126 183 38 73 114 338 $6.08 5.36 6.36 6.04 6.76 6.94 6.15 5.96 7.71 6.55 6.17 8.43 6.11 5.76 5.53 5.48 7.15 6.42 6.65 6.82 6.58 5.71 5.47 6.06 5.85 289 211 35 17 47 17 362 271 170 213 59 55 217 $4.88 4.64 5.59 5.94 5.82 5.74 4.74 5.85 5.84 5.17 4.90 5.25 5.13 562 220 52 105 24 8 34 42 100 310 92 64 307 250 214 33 61 106 $3.98 4.02 - 930 2,233 1,985 169 499 7.52 7.10 7.16 7.29 7.70 936 752 691 137 113 6.52 6.64 6.75 5.97 6.39 5.15 5.88 64 158 136 6 37 5.69 5.99 5.92 5.77 7.95 42 122 92 - 5.38 5.68 5.65 - 107 92 40 12 18 9 - Number of work ers Metropolitan areas Number of work ers Number of workers Number of work ers Nonmetropolitan areas Aver age hourly earn ings Average hourly earnings Number of work ers Metropolitan areas Middle West Number of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings Number of workers 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. Aver age hourly earn ings Great Lakes Southeast - Aver Number age of work hourly earn ers ings 10 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 9. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational averages by size of establishment (Number of workers and average r.*raight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States New England Middle Atlantic Border States Establishments with— Occupation Carpenters, m ain te n an ce......................... Charging-machine o p e rato rs.................... Chippers and grinders .............................. C h ip p e rs .................................................. G rin d e rs ................................................. Chippers and g rin d ers............................ Core assem blers and fin ish e rs................. Coremakers, hand3 ................................... Bench ..................................................... Coremakers, machine3 .............................. Core-blowing machine ........................... Turn-over-draw m a c h in e ........................ Crane operators, electric b rid g e ............... Under 20 t o n s ........................................ 20 tons and o v e r ................................... Cupola te n d e r s ......................................... Electricians, maintenance ........................ Furnace tenders, electric ......................... Furnace tenders’ h e lp e r s ......................... Helpers, trades, m aintenance.................. Inspectors, class B ................................... Inspectors, class C .................................. Laborers, general fo u n d ry ........................ Laborers, material handling ..................... Mechanics, g e n e ra l.................................. Mechanics, m aintenance.......................... Molders, flo o r ............................................ Molders, hand, b e n c h ............................... Molders, machine, au to m atic................... Molders, machine, semi-automatic3 ......... Squeeze ................................................. Patternmakers, m e ta l................................ Patternmakers, w o o d ................................ Pourers, metal .......................................... Repairers, wood p a tte rn s......................... Sand- or shot-blast o pe rato rs.................. Sand-slinger operators ............................. Sand m ix e rs .............................................. Shakeout workers .................................... Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs.................................. Truckers, p o w e r........................................ F o rk lift.................................................... Other than fo rk lift.................................. Tumbler o p e rato rs................................. Welders, hand3 ......................................... See footnotes at end of table. 50-249 workers 250 workers or more Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 68 151 4,458 393 1,545 2,520 732 1,043 512 654 474 73 714 415 299 322 232 394 277 226 110 418 2,886 185 624 674 1,204 191 549 1,966 1,156 40 205 1,297 231 400 129 551 1,676 $7.26 5.83 5.77 6.41 5.68 5.72 5.84 6.51 6.58 6.05 5.93 6.22 6.71 6.79 6.60 6.02 7.80 6.41 6.42 6.22 5.68 5.76 5.27 6.14 6.36 6.93 7.02 5.78 6.67 6.72 6.62 7.52 8.18 6.26 6.18 5.81 6.00 5.83 5.69 57 237 6,046 1,020 1,747 3,279 2,985 309 201 886 361 72 567 215 352 320 1,196 461 74 363 764 1,459 4,683 631 953 1,487 239 37 629 1,248 530 796 184 1,818 64 510 86 596 1,665 $9.23 7.87 7.78 8.52 6.94 8.00 8.55 7.45 7.42 8.00 7.99 7.43 8.02 7.02 8.64 7.62 9.71 7.82 6.91 7.40 7.32 7.49 7.21 7.36 8.09 9.02 8.58 9.16 7.79 8.03 7.49 10.65 9.25 7.50 6.76 7.61 8.02 7.40 7.73 531 672 535 137 135 291 6.08 5.63 5.53 6.01 5.68 6.44 1,335 2,313 2,141 172 171 321 7.39 7.38 7.44 6.62 7.51 8.38 50-249 workers Number of workers 10 - 141 - Average hourly earnings $6.48 6.58 - 43 83 15 63 25 15 _ 6.71 6.62 5.53 7.13 6.13 6.32 _ _ _ 24 23 5.96 5.97 _ - 24 _ 5.79 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 94 33 29 _ 5.05 5.67 5.68 6.23 _ 67 7.64 _ _ _ 123 69 7 7.81 7.75 6.22 _ _ _ 31 5.76 8 6.20 _ _ 17 70 _ 12 _ Number of workers 10 17 719 48 183 488 50 268 92 48 33 _ 136 60 76 45 33 38 31 _ 29 32 518 36 127 49 210 42 53 311 80 Average hourly earnings 250 workers or more Number of workers $6.35 5.31 5.58 6.09 5.31 5.63 5.89 6.44 6.77 5.63 5.32 9 19 279 6.44 6.74 6.21 5.74 8.03 6.13 5.36 _ _ Average hourly earnings $7.50 6.45 7.31 _ _ _ 198 58 51 37 37 14 8.02 6.19 8.28 7.35 6.84 7.48 132 25 107 18 45 34 8.70 6.02 9.32 6.94 8.72 6.12 _ _ _ 5.61 5.32 4.96 6.64 6.49 5.77 6.69 6.13 5.84 6.23 6.38 67 59 304 5.82 5.57 5.83 73 43 92 7.63 8.54 8.90 36 111 46 6.66 7.81 7.59 6.91 5.70 5.81 5.34 36 110 _ _ 56 112 29 59 _ _ _ _ 5.90 6.07 _ _ _ 29 13 6.20 6.07 21 8 17 5.32 7.70 6.77 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 4.71 _ _ _ _ 41 6.40 _ 6.58 6.23 17 16 35 105 5.66 8.88 6.45 6.54 6 5.24 15 60 5.69 5.42 6.60 6.31 6.24 25 6.37 18 9.67 - 42 24 17 18 26 82 78 - 4.98 _ 8.79 6.86 4.85 5.64 5.50 6.11 _ 49 _ _ _ 47 76 58 18 _ _ $5.57 _ 6.82 5.89 5.46 _ 102 52 79 251 _ _ Average hourly earnings _ 6.07 5.81 _ Number of workers _ _ 5.07 50-249 workers _ _ _ _ _ 50-249 workers _ _ _ _ 7 6.25 Table 9. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational averages by size of establishment— Continued (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Border States Middle Atlantic New England United States2 Establishments with— Occupation Number of workers Repairers ................................................ 250 workers or more 50-249 workers 112 Average hourly earnings Number of workers 164 $7.17 50-249 workers 50-249 workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers $8.28 - Average hourly earnings Number of workers 17 - 250 workers or more Average hourly earnings Number of workers $6.26 - Great Lakes Southeast Average hourly earnings - 50-249 workers Number of workers Average hourly earnings - Pacific Middle West Establishments with— 50-249 workers Carpenters, m ain te n an ce......................... Charging-machine o p e rato rs..................... Chippers and grinders .............................. C h ip p e rs .................................................. G rin d e rs .................................................. Chippers and g rin d ers............................ Core assem blers and fin ish e rs................. Coremakers, hand3 .................................... Bench ...................................................... Coremakers, machine3 .............................. Core-blowing machine ........................... Turn-over-draw m a c h in e ........................ Crane operators, electric b rid g e ............... Under 20 t o n s ........................................ 20 tons and o v e r .................................... Cupola te n d e rs ......................................... Electricians, maintenance ........................ Furnace tenders, electric ......................... Furnace tenders’ h e lp e r s ......................... Helpers, trades, m aintenance................... Inspectors, class B .................................... Inspectors, class C ................................... Laborers, general fo u n d ry ........................ Laborers, material handling ...................... Mechanics, g e n e ra l................................... Mechanics, m aintenance.......................... Molders, flo o r ............................................ Molders, hand, b e n c h ............................... Molders, machine, a u to m atic.................... Molders, machine, semi-automatic3 ......... Squeeze .................................................. Patternmakers, m e ta l................................ Patternmakers, w o o d ................................ Pourers, metal .......................................... Repairers, wood p a tte rn s......................... Sand- or shot-blast o p e rato rs................... Sand-slinger operators ............................. See footnotes at end of table. _ 298 216 41 126 117 44 258 89 61 - 45 304 208 185 45 - _ $4.53 4.39 5.01 5.09 5.25 5.68 3.84 6.27 5.35 - 4.58 5.83 5.83 4.65 4.62 ~ 250 workers or more _ 553 215 46 48 51 45 171 414 154 26 - 67 274 212 38 242 47 - _ $4.15 4.26 4.82 5.48 6.60 4.83 4.99 4.51 6.15 7.18 - 5.76 5.91 5.64 5.71 4.84 4.58 - 50-249 workers 38 82 1,976 133 648 1,195 472 378 222 206 101 410 221 189 128 151 171 166 116 51 209 1,347 64 244 464 640 47 259 702 485 23 82 631 146 202 34 $8.13 6.18 6.21 6.65 6.25 6.13 6.01 6.97 7.01 6.74 6.71 7.16 7.39 6.88 6.77 7.92 6.72 7.21 6.49 5.95 6.09 5.61 7.22 6.40 7.05 7.49 7.63 6.58 7.23 6.90 7.79 9.32 7.34 6.05 6.20 6.65 250 workers or more 46 4,278 924 965 2,389 2,839 135 112 694 294 335 124 211 271 1,039 362 37 329 524 1,165 3,213 448 626 1,165 20 485 773 242 745 94 1,343 42 431 35 $9.76 8.62 8.95 8.18 8.67 8.67 8.59 8.70 8.51 8.31 8.44 7.74 8.86 7.88 10.02 8.40 8.38 7.58 8.12 8.05 8.06 7.96 8.45 9.61 9.70 8.20 8.88 9.12 10.87 11.19 8.15 7.13 8.07 8.28 50-249 workers _ 15 376 24 173 179 67 40 16 40 29 27 37 13 8 82 103 12 78 22 29 - 194 127 16 136 19 14 14 _ $6.35 5.40 6.36 5.92 4.76 6.43 5.90 4.99 6.04 6.30 7.06 6.60 5.41 6.40 5.34 5.71 5.67 6.12 7.95 7.52 6.89 6.76 7.45 5.26 6.88 6.31 5.94 50-249 workers _ 11 379 123 134 122 18 95 50 29 15 33 27 28 27 15 36 320 14 61 75 44 149 121 8 53 14 34 - _ $5.49 6.69 6.91 6.33 6.85 7.66 7.55 8.02 7.70 7.14 6.71 6.91 6.26 7.27 6.25 6.80 6.13 7.92 7.71 8.19 8.32 7.64 7.59 11.36 6.54 7.40 6.62 - Table 9. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational averages by size of establishment— Continued (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Southeast Great Lakes Middle West Pacific 50-249 workers 50-249 workers Establishments with— 50-249 workers Sand m ix e rs .............................................. Shakeout workers ..................................... Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs ................................... Truckers, p o w e r........................................ F o rk lift..................................................... Other than forklift ................................... Tumbler o p e ra to rs..................................... Welders, hand3 ......................................... Repairers ................................................ 250 workers or more 250 workers or more 48 155 $4.49 4.66 68 168 $5.03 4.80 273 735 $6.18 6.19 442 1,323 $8.00 8.28 58 168 $5.58 5.32 28 129 $6.25 6.51 30 51 30 4.77 5.13 4.92 122 178 154 24 24 10 - 4.14 4.97 4.97 4.96 4.60 4.77 - 280 371 297 74 86 166 64 6.61 5.88 5.77 6.31 6.15 6.79 8.08 1,041 1,771 1,650 121 136 269 139 7.87 7.91 7.97 7.10 8.17 8.59 8.64 72 47 38 9 16 33 - 5.63 5.49 5.38 5.93 4.98 5.71 - 41 43 40 _ 20 9 7.09 6.39 6.44 - - - - - - - - 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. 50-249 workers - 7.87 6.96 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 10. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational averages by labor-management contract coverage (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) New England United States2 Border States Middle Atlantic Great Lakes Southeast Pacific Middle West Establishments with- Occupation Majority of workers covered None or minority of workers covered Aver age hourly earn ings Aver Number age of work hourly earn ers ings Number of work ers Carpenters, m ain te n an ce.......................... Charging-machine o p e rato rs..................... Chippers and grinders .............................. C h ip p e rs .................................................. G rin d e rs .................................................. Chippers and g rin d ers............................ Core assem blers and fin is h e rs................. Coremakers, hand3 .................................... Bench ...................................................... Bench and flo o r ...................................... Coremakers, machine3 .............................. Core-blowing machine ........................... Turn-over-draw m a c h in e ......................... Crane operators, electric bridge3 ............. Under 20 t o n s ........................................ Cupola tenders ......................................... Electricians, maintenance ........................ Furnace tenders, electric ......................... Furnace tenders’ h e lp e r s ......................... Helpers, trades, m ain tenan ce................... Inspectors, class A .................................... Inspectors, class B .................................... Inspectors, class C ................................... Laborers, general fo u n d ry ........................ Laborers, material handling ...................... Machinists, m ain te nan ce.......................... Mechanics, g e n e ra l................................... Mechanics, m aintenance.......................... Molders, flo o r ............................................ Molders, machine, au tom atic.................... Molders, machine, semi-automatic3 ......... Roll-over ................................................. S q u e e z e ......................................................... ............... Patternmakers, w o o d .................................................... Pourers, metal .......................................... Repairers, wood p a tte rn s......................... Sand- or shot-blast o pe rato rs................... Sand-slinger operators ............................. Sand m ix e rs .............................................. Shakeout workers ........................... ......... Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs................................... See footnotes at end of table. 114 322 9,032 1,284 2,623 5,125 3,527 1,079 533 392 1,226 600 112 1,178 531 511 1,366 707 268 424 186 794 1,703 6,637 748 292 1,329 2,028 991 816 2,488 578 1,180 347 2,564 197 799 166 928 2,657 $8.40 7.34 7.25 8.27 6.74 7.25 8.15 7.07 7.32 6.74 7.47 7.04 7.25 7.44 7.12 7.11 9.49 7.44 6.87 7.43 8.60 7.27 7.32 6.76 7.29 8.76 7.62 8.48 7.52 7.51 7.54 7.60 7.31 8.89 7.36 6.35 7.07 7.32 6.96 7.12 11 66 1,472 129 669 674 190 273 180 74 314 235 33 103 99 131 62 148 83 165 11 80 174 932 68 56 248 133 452 362 726 138 506 42 551 98 111 49 219 684 $5.74 5.78 4.96 4.60 4.84 5.15 5.50 5.33 5.31 5.14 6.01 6.24 5.36 5.55 5.52 5.67 7.23 5.92 5.39 5.70 7.01 5.57 5.03 4.39 4.79 6.57 6.24 6.58 6.75 6.72 6.17 6.81 5.91 7.00 5.23 6.21 5.06 5.07 5.33 5.09 1,629 7.28 237 5.25 Majority of workers covered Number of work ers _ 132 55 71 15 60 22 15 24 23 24 13 87 28 _ $6.67 6.86 6.62 5.53 7.25 6.31 6.32 5.96 5.97 5.67 - 5.57 5.73 5.60 - - 83 31 50 6.24 7.84 8.07 7.99 8.18 30 6.35 8 6.20 16 59 6.16 5.63 30 55 - - - - - - - Aver age hourly earn ings - - Number of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings 19 24 891 41 168 682 95 280 90 126 73 45 15 268 85 54 76 48 32 23 68 53 632 74 16 192 87 248 64 322 183 75 84 139 29 61 27 100 261 $6.89 5.64 6.12 6.09 5.27 6.33 6.28 6.72 7.00 6.34 6.20 5.98 7.09 7.55 6.53 6.12 8.47 6.40 5.87 7.74 5.93 5.55 5.53 7.01 7.24 6.91 7.18 7.32 6.46 6.36 6.13 6.60 7.63 6.51 5.81 5.35 8.21 6.18 5.91 62 5.65 Number of work ers _ 887 406 85 85 23 57 102 65 37 28 50 19 42 41 694 72 36 17 77 - Aver age hourly earn ings _ $6.31 6.62 6.00 6.32 6.33 6.42 6.57 6.12 6.11 5.67 7.53 6.90 6.63 6.08 5.56 - 7.32 6.52 5.91 7.65 - - Number of work ers _ 18 509 171 35 33 111 43 16 41 52 32 144 418 - Aver age hourly earn ings _ $4.50 4.54 4.71 6.53 6.63 5.18 5.48 5.61 6.47 5.56 4.63 5.17 4.62 - 74 138 30 57 351 232 39 276 6.46 6.23 6.62 5.95 5.94 - 5.90 6.16 4.97 26 87 7.05 6.32 17 5.88 - - 64 5.99 65 196 5.14 5.19 5.23 110 7.18 56 4.94 - - - - 44 - Number of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings 84 253 5,893 1,052 1,560 3,281 3,225 485 306 121 800 311 708 308 352 1,164 515 175 349 149 557 1,353 4,371 512 213 752 1,571 510 620 1,352 302 628 176 1,860 134 610 61 630 1,810 $9.02 7.91 7.98 8.67 7.45 8.00 8.37 7.44 7.67 6.85 8.34 8.41 7.83 7.72 7.65 9.83 7.87 7.65 7.73 9.29 7.98 7.78 7.43 7.86 9.42 8.15 8.97 7.66 7.79 8.27 8.43 7.90 10.32 7.99 6.38 7.52 7.51 7.51 7.77 1,246 7.64 Number of work ers 233 24 38 171 39 30 39 27 12 29 18 10 27 6 41 101 - Aver age hourly earn ings Aver Number age of work hourly earn ers ings _ 29 9 134 24 82 12 87 $5.11 6.24 6.05 4.73 6.01 5.75 5.39 5.20 5.83 5.60 5.76 5.24 6.12 6.02 5.30 5.64 5.94 7.20 5.65 6.79 7.78 6.59 7.93 5.47 8 15 38 122 5.70 5.96 5.58 5.19 11 356 123 111 122 85 50 26 27 13 33 27 25 23 15 36 308 61 73 44 133 109 8 49 13 33 23 125 55 5.47 - - 53 - - - $5.49 6.76 6.91 6.51 6.85 7.61 8.02 7.14 7.76 7.17 6.71 6.91 6.48 7.40 6.25 6.80 6.15 7.71 8.20 8.32 7.72 - 7.67 11.36 6.59 7.58 6.65 6.36 6.58 - Table 10. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational averages by labor-management contract coverage— Continued (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States1 2 New England Middle Atlantic Border States Great Lakes Southeast Middle West Pacific Establishments with- Occupation Truckers, power3 ....................................... F o rk lift.................................................... Tumbler o p e ra to rs.................................... Welders, hand3 ......................................... R e p a ire rs ............................................... Combination ........................................... Majority of workers covered None or minority of workers covered Aver Number age of work hourly earn ers ings Number of work ers 2,722 2,447 238 548 256 206 $7.13 7.22 7.10 7.73 8.07 7.08 263 229 68 64 20 42 Aver age hourly earn ings $5.41 5.33 5.32 5.09 4.71 5.31 Majority of workers covered Number of work ers 14 - Aver age hourly earn ings $5.09 - - - 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. - - - Number of work ers 144 122 6 43 19 20 Aver age hourly earn ings $6.03 5.97 5.77 7.75 6.30 9.07 Number of work ers 217 217 Aver age hourly earn ings Number of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings - - - - - - - - $5.20 5.15 4.03 - - - - - $5.90 5.90 179 139 19 Number of work ers 2,051 1,878 184 435 203 164 Aver age hourly earn ings $7.60 7.67 7.65 7.90 8.46 6.87 Number of work ers 60 37 17 18 6 - Aver age hourly earn ings $5.55 5.42 5.44 5.88 6.68 - Number of work ers 39 38 - 20 9 - Averr age hourly earn ings $6.44 6.47 7.87 6.96 - NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 11. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational averages by method of wage payment (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Timeworkers Timeworkers Incentive workers Border States Middle Atlantic New England United States2 Timeworkers Timeworkers Incentive workers Occupation Charging-machine o p e ra to rs..................... Chippers and grinders .............................. C h ip p e rs .................................................. G rin d e rs .................................................. Chippers and g rin d ers............................ Core assem blers and fin is h e rs................. Coremakers, h a n d ..................................... Bench ...................................................... F lo o r ........................................................ Bench and flo o r ...................................... Coremakers, machine3 .............................. Core-blowing machine ........................... Turn-over-draw m a c h in e ........................ Crane operators, electric bridge3 ............. Under 20 t o n s ......................................... Cupola tenders ......................................... Furnace tenders, electric ......................... Inspectors, class B .................................... Inspectors, class C ................................... Laborers, general fo u n d ry ......................... Mechanics, g e n e ra l................................... Molders, flo o r ............................................ Molders, hand, b e n c h ............................... Molders, machine, au to m atic.................... Molders, machine, semi-automatic .......... Jarring ..................................................... R o ll-o v e r................................................. Squeeze .................................................. Other (single) machine .......................... Combination (operates more than one type of machine) ........................... Patternmakers, w o o d ................................ Pourers, metal ........................................... Repairers, wood p a tte rn s......................... Sand- or shot-blast o p e rato rs................... Sand-slinger operators ............................. Sand m ix e rs .............................................. Shakeout workers ..................................... Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs................................... Truckers, p o w e r......................................... F o rk lift..................................................... Other than fo rk lift................................... Tumbler o p e ra to rs..................................... Welders, hand3 .......................................... R e p a ire rs ................................................ Combination ............................................ See footnotes at end of table. Average hourly earnings Average hourly earnings Average hourly earnings Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 324 7,205 1,243 1,787 4,175 3,164 858 411 144 303 911 479 56 1,155 579 583 772 722 1,604 7,276 1,546 957 148 604 1,068 35 196 424 42 $7.10 6.68 7.95 5.73 6.72 8.08 6.31 6.44 6.71 5.95 7.14 6.69 6.66 7.08 6.84 6.71 7.04 6.95 7.03 6.46 7.40 6.78 5.32 6.84 6.61 7.32 5.56 6.05 6.02 64 3,299 170 1,505 1,624 553 494 302 29 163 629 356 89 126 51 59 83 152 273 293 31 486 80 574 2,146 155 520 1,262 131 $6.98 7.46 7.84 7.09 7.76 7.62 7.44 7.33 8.31 7.50 7.23 6.99 6.93 9.19 7.23 7.86 8.38 7.92 7.55 6.56 7.56 8.27 8.19 7.72 7.54 8.05 8.16 7.17 7.72 118 34 41 19 54 34 17 12 25 26 16 92 33 41 15 12 - _ $5.51 5.42 4.96 4.95 5.89 5.60 6.29 5.95 5.88 5.57 5.05 5.47 6.17 6.38 6.04 6.12 - 22 777 26 206 545 64 199 41 51 107 60 41 221 71 61 68 92 91 822 188 213 18 47 194 - $5.54 5.56 5.98 5.15 5.70 5.56 6.21 6.74 6.19 6.01 5.57 5.41 6.80 6.09 6.01 6.13 5.62 5.48 5.28 6.73 6.99 5.37 5.41 5.56 - 14 221 31 49 141 44 120 88 19 25 6 89 42 228 65 101 - $6.49 7.82 6.28 6.20 8.73 6.76 7.61 7.03 8.18 7.56 9.74 8.25 7.02 7.57 8.18 7.27 - _ 72 49 36 14 17 59 31 30 13 41 712 30 17 12 8 - $5.28 4.98 5.58 5.65 5.70 6.03 5.92 5.61 6.62 6.08 5.52 5.88 5.91 5.33 5.40 - 371 375 1,994 281 760 149 1,016 2,629 7.80 8.68 6.57 6.30 6.68 6.37 6.49 6.41 78 14 1,121 14 150 66 131 712 8.01 8.72 7.73 6.38 7.56 7.80 7.89 7.81 25 6 8 19 72 5.33 5.25 6.20 5.95 5.55 87 138 38 74 19 94 294 7.51 5.55 5.71 5.41 6.78 5.53 5.46 10 84 10 20 62 6.45 21 6.88 1,084 2,887 2,618 269 192 577 255 234 6.62 6.99 7.06 6.36 5.98 7.37 7.81 6.58 782 98 58 40 114 35 21 14 7.57 6.72 7.04 6.27 7.92 8.90 8.10 10.11 22 - 4.97 - 63 158 136 22 35 19 12 5.21 5.99 5.92 6.38 6.84 6.30 7.29 Number of workers _ - - - - 10 - 5.92 - Number of workers Number of workers 10 - - - 7.46 10.36 8.56 7.29 7.13 - Number of workers - - 19 39 5.87 5.45 219 219 5.90 5.90 - - - - - - ~ - Table 11. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational averages by method of wage payment— Continued (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Southeast Great Lakes Timeworkers Number of workers Number of workers $4.31 4.29 4.34 3.81 4.55 3.62 5.17 5.27 5.40 5.91 5.49 5.27 4.95 4.26 6.74 5.20 5.87 5.89 - 240 4,321 936 787 2,598 2,906 271 154 42 75 536 215 680 322 365 478 446 1,121 4,373 870 438 41 403 337 34 14 52 - $7.73 7.79 8.71 6.94 7.71 8.33 7.36 7.66 7.91 6.42 8.41 8.49 7.67 7.58 7.48 7.69 7.88 7.75 7.35 7.88 7.25 8.00 7.44 8.25 7.35 6.90 6.16 - 35 1,933 121 826 986 405 242 180 46 364 180 23 34 55 129 253 187 304 26 341 1,138 296 675 - $7.62 8.01 8.31 7.85 8.11 8.06 7.44 7.51 7.56 7.65 7.20 6.68 8.03 9.35 8.08 7.72 7.18 8.33 8.63 7.87 8.05 47 425 92 115 322 6.33 4.76 4.60 4.81 4.73 176 1,068 188 496 49 616 1,528 10.32 7.83 6.29 7.44 7.49 7.20 7.30 146 229 184 45 40 12 - 4.19 5.00 4.96 5.19 4.07 4.69 - 718 2,086 1,911 175 121 414 186 160 7.45 7.57 7.63 6.84 6.79 7.88 8.46 6.85 27 836 416 14 72 45 169 115 53 35 25 86 177 670 121 87 223 119 - Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Middle West Incentive workers Average hourly earnings Average hourly earnings Number of workers Charging-machine o p e rato rs.................... Chippers and grinders .............................. C h ip p e rs .................................................. Grinders .................................................. Chippers and g rin d e rs............................ Core assem blers and fin is h e rs ................. Coremakers, h a n d .................................... Bench ..................................................... F lo o r ....................................................... Bench and flo o r ..................................... Coremakers, machine3 .............................. Core-blowing machine ........................... Turn-over-draw m a c h in e ........................ Crane operators, electric bridge3 ............. Under 20 t o n s ........................................ Cupola te n d e r s ......................................... Furnace tenders, electric ......................... Inspectors, class B ................................... Inspectors, class C ................................... Laborers, general fo u n d ry ........................ Mechanics, g e n e ra l.................................. Molders, flo o r ............................................ Molders, hand, b e n c h ............................... Molders, machine, au to m atic................... Molders, machine, semi-automatic .......... Jarring .................................................... Roll-over ................................................. Squeeze .................................................. Other (single) machine .......................... Combination (operates more than one type of machine) ........................... Patternmakers, w o o d ................................ Pourers, metal .......................................... Repairers, wood p a tte rn s ......................... Sand- or shot-blast o p e rato rs.................. Sand-slinger operators ............................. Sand m ix e rs .............................................. Shakeout workers .................................... Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs.................................. Truckers, p o w e r........................................ F o rk lift.................................................... Other than forklift ................................... Tumbler o p e ra to rs.................................... Welders, hand3 ......................................... Repairers ................................................ Combination ........................................... Timeworkers Average hourly earnings Timeworkers Number of workers Incentive workers Average hourly earnings 8.44 7.75 _ 9 261 18 173 32 30 36 16 40 29 10 37 6 90 101 69 _ 17 49 37 - $6.56 4.89 5.94 4.73 5.53 5.47 4.83 4.99 6.04 6.30 5.24 6.60 6.02 5.39 5.71 5.92 5.35 5.96 5.96 - 906 137 20 99 530 7.96 7.62 7.44 7.95 8.22 16 103 13 8 14 60 138 7.45 5.17 7.20 5.61 5.94 5.54 5.00 603 7.78 7.63 _ 8.10 8.28 8.43 - 50 41 9 16 34 6 - 5.43 5.41 5.53 4.98 5.76 6.68 - - 36 101 21 17 - - Pacific - Number of workers _ 125 16 37 _ _ 22 _ _ 160 37 99 - Average hourly earnings _ $6.58 6.62 7.33 _ _ _ 7.77 _ _ 7.20 7.82 7.10 - - - - - 52 49 5.80 6.46 26 _ _ _ _ _ _ 6.30 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - Timeworkers Number of workers _ 365 123 131 111 18 95 50 _ 36 29 15 33 27 29 27 36 324 14 73 _ 24 136 117 10 - Average hourly earnings _ $6.61 6.91 6.33 6.61 7.66 7.55 8.02 _ 7.12 7.70 7.14 6.71 6.91 6.24 7.27 6.80 6.12 7.92 7.99 _ 7.76 7.53 7.56 6.13 8 53 15 34 30 126 11.36 6.54 7.38 6.62 6.21 6.44 41 43 40 7.09 6.39 6.44 _ 20 9 - _ 7.87 6.96 - _ _ 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 12. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of production workers by selected characteristics, United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States1 2 Characteristic l>0 Number of workers Average hourly earnings Southeast Middle Atlantic Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings All production w o rk e rs................................ 15,204 $6.00 1,063 $6.26 8,799 $5.99 Size of community: Metropolitan areas3 .................................. Nonmetropolitan areas ............................. 13,214 1,990 5.90 6.62 1,063 - 6.26 - 8,027 - 6.02 - Size of establishment: 50-249 w o rk e rs......................................... 250 workers or m o re................................ 904 14,300 5.46 6.03 999 6.30 8,371 6.06 1,063 6.26 5,902 5.71 Labor-management contract coverage: Establishments with-Majority of workers co ve re d ................... None or minority of workers c o v e re d ................................................. 8,992 6.16 6,212 5.77 Type of foundry ownership: Commercial4 ............................................. 14,984 6.03 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through - 1,063 - 6.26 - 8,799 - 5.99 February 1974. 4 For definition of commercial and captive foundries, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 13. Earnings distribution: Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries (Percent distribution of production workers, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Hourly earnings United States1 Number of w o rkers................... Average hourly earnings2 ......... 15,204 $6.00 1,063 $6.26 8,799 $5.99 $5.60 and under $5.80 ............. $5.80 and under $6.00 ............. 8.3 5.9 4.1 2.8 12.1 9.6 T o ta l................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $4.00 ............................. 5.3 .3 1.1 $ 4 .2 0 ............. $4.40 ............. $4.60 ............. $4.80 ............. $5.00 ............. 1.7 2.1 3.1 2.6 3.7 .2 1.1 .8 2.2 3.1 .4 .9 1.2 2.5 5.4 $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 and and and and and under under under under under $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 5.1 7.2 3.6 4.4 6.1 16.6 6.1 10.7 12.1 3.6 4.6 7.6 1.8 3.3 6.2 $5.00 and under $5.20 ............. $5.20 and under $ 5 .4 0 ............. $5.40 and under $5.60 ............. 7.6 7.1 5.5 10.5 1.6 3.0 7.9 10.5 7.5 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 and and and and and under under under under under $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 $8.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 6.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.2 9.0 1.0 5.6 4.0 .4 7.7 2.2 1.1 1.3 .2 $8.00 and under $8.20 ............. $8.20 and o v e r .......................... 3.2 3.5 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 and and and and and under under under under under Middle Atlantic Southeast 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. United States1 Hourly earnings Middle Atlantic _ 1.1 Southeast 4.5 .6 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Table 14. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Occupational averages (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings in selected occupations, United States1 and selected regions, September 1979) Middle Atlantic United States Occupation to 05 Air-set o p e ra to rs........................... Carpenters, m a in te n an ce............. Centrifugal-casting-machine operators, pipe ............................ Metal m o ld s ................................ Sand-lined m o ld s ....................... Charging-machine o perators........ Chippers and grinders ................. Grinders ..................................... Chippers and g rin d ers................ Coremakers, h a n d ........................ Bench ......................................... Coremakers, m a c h in e .................. Core-blowing machine ............... Turn-over-draw m a ch in e ............ Crane operators, electric bridge .... Under 20 t o n s ............................ 20 tons and o v e r ....................... Cupola tenders ............................. Electricians, maintenance ............ Furnace tenders, electric ............. Helpers, trades, m aintenance...... Inspectors, class A ...................... Inspectors, class B ...................... Inspectors, class C ...................... Laborers, general fo u n d ry ............ Laborers, material haritiling ......... Machinists, m ain tenan ce.............. Mechanics, g e n e ra l...................... Mechanics, m aintenance.............. Molders, flo o r ............... ................ Molders, machine, semi-automatic Jarring ........................................ Roll-over .................................... Squeeze ..................................... Other (single) machine .............. Patternmakers, m e ta l................... Patternmakers, w o o d ................... Pourers, metal .............................. Repairers, wood p atte rn s............. Sand- or shot-blast o perators...... Sand-slinger operators ................ Sand m ix e rs .................................. Num ber of work Mean ers Hourly earnings2 Median - 15 57 $5.39 6.91 $4.71 6.52 $4.54 6.29 189 147 42 87 769 491 250 152 55 153 120 27 278 218 60 67 274 33 75 73 81 224 1,583 352 260 124 665 61 302 42 47 164 12 64 49 240 12 39 29 60 6.77 6.87 6.44 5.42 5.61 5.56 5.72 6.19 5.74 6.02 5.52 8.10 6.71 6.86 6.17 6.07 7.28 6.35 5.83 6.49 6.06 5.88 4.84 4.76 7.05 7.30 6.81 6.79 6.47 7.98 6.49 6.20 5.75 7.17 7.41 6.04 6.56 5.61 6.69 5.85 6.73 6.87 6.40 5.02 5.47 5.47 5.94 6.28 5.28 5.31 5.19 8.02 6.80 7.04 6.28 5.79 7.41 6.16 5.88 6.09 6.08 5.38 4.89 5.04 6.85 7.09 6.82 6.39 5.98 8.02 6.13 5.67 6.14 6.23 6.00 4.79 4.98 4.98 4.97 5.48 4.68 5.19 5.19 7.84 6.19 6.22 5.66 5.34 6.82 5.51 4.98 5.66 5.58 5.38 3.95 3.96 6.72 6.63 6.29 5.39 5.21 7.62 5.39 4.38 - 6.92 7.75 6.01 6.74 6.76 5.27 - 5.56 6.56 5.87 5.30 6.45 5.38 - - - I_ _____ ______ J See footnotes at end of table. Middle range - _ - $6.57 8.02 - - 7.43 7.62 6.72 6.08 6.48 6.27 6.50 6.81 6.27 7.06 5.49 8.95 7.04 7.04 6.54 6.63 7.87 7.46 6.55 7.10 6.80 6.72 5.79 5.23 7.10 7.91 7.10 8.02 8.02 8.42 7.76 7.79 _ - - - - 6.94 7.88 6.68 - - Num ber of work Mean ers 6.31 7.00 5.94 ______ I $6.02 6.06 17 6.17 - - - 6.32 9 28 6.18 7.32 113 24 44 5.50 4.98 7.07 8 6.94 - - - - - - - 23 6.30 - - Median - 18 - Hourly earnings2 _ 31 29 Southeast - I Middle range Num ber of work Mean ers Hourly earnings2 Median Middle range 37 $7.01 $6.88 $6.29 - $8.02 _ $6.63 6.63 6.46 - 99 77 22 45 441 305 119 46 54 42 6.43 6.47 6.30 5.34 5.49 5.39 5.80 5.59 6.41 5.94 6.23 6.23 6.31 5.16 5.47 5.47 5.94 5.27 5.86 5.49 5.91 5.91 5.91 4.63 5.35 4.99 5.94 4.73 5.41 5.41 _ - 6.87 6.90 6.61 5.94 5.94 5.47 5.94 6.09 8.02 6.29 _ 6.79 7.66 6.05 5.10 7.66 - 171 36 37 197 26 38 21 60 212 878 181 166 33 429 6.49 6.15 5.69 7.20 6.44 5.85 6.52 6.04 5.84 5.23 5.24 6.95 6.62 6.80 6.61 6.24 5.68 7.10 6.16 5.88 6.09 6.01 5.38 5.16 5.23 6.91 6.63 6.82 6.08 5.38 5.55 6.82 5.43 5.79 5.70 5.67 5.38 4.81 5.09 6.82 6.63 6.39 _ - _ _ - - 222 21 6.09 7.94 5.98 8.02 4.75 7.51 - 6.95 8.44 - - - 133 5.87 5.21 4.38 - 6.65 - - - 33 146 7.41 5.78 7.88 5.71 6.59 5.25 - 8.08 6.27 23 7 42 5.16 6.37 5.59 5.47 5.65 5.15 5.46 - - _ $5.40 6.30 6.36 - _ $4.92 4.83 6.19 - _ 6.59 7.41 5.67 5.10 6.79 - _ 5.47 7.17 5.05 5.06 6.79 - _ - - - - - - - 6.29 6.26 _ _ - I - 6.54 _ - - _ _ - 7.04 6.39 5.93 7.73 7.46 5.88 7.77 6.12 6.38 5.79 5.23 7.10 6.84 7.10 5.51 5.94 Table 14. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Occupational averages— Continued (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings in selected occupations, United States1 and selected regions, September 1979) Occupation Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings1 2 Median Middle range Shakeout workers ................................. Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o pe rato rs............................... Truckers, p o w e r..................................... F o rk lift................................................. Other than forklift ............................... 137 $5.71 $5.50 $5.25 - $6.27 226 481 421 60 5.66 5.51 5.52 5.41 5.80 5.41 5.41 5.17 4.75 4.90 4.84 4.96 - 6.19 6.16 6.31 5.70 Welders, h a n d ........................................ Repairers ............................................ 106 19 6.91 6.57 7.04 6.54 6.87 5.89 - 7.14 6.93 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 See appendix A for definition of means, medians and middle ranges. Medians and middle ranges are not provided for entries with fewer than 15 workers. Southeast Middle Atlantic United States Number of work Mean ers - - 56 51 _ 5.54 5.46 _ - - Hourly earnings2 Median Middle range - - 5.15 5.15 - 4.98 4.98 - - Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings2 Median Middle range - 86 $5.53 $5.35 $5.24 - $5.70 - 127 287 233 54 5.80 5.51 5.56 5.29 5.82 5.56 5.70 5.15 5.39 5.11 5.11 4.96 - 6.08 5.79 5.99 5.70 52 - 7.08 - 7.05 - 6.78 - - 7.46 - 6.42 6.36 - _ _ _ - - - NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 15. Occupational earnings for selected localities : Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries (Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, selected localities, September 1979) Birmingham Alabama Chippers Core and makers, grin machine ders2 Laborers, general foundry Shake Mechanics, Molders, Pourers, out main machine, metal workers tenance squeeze All pro duction workers Chippers Core and makers, grin machine ders2 Laborers, general foundry Shake Mechanics, Pourers, main out metal workers tenance Hourly earnings All pro duction workers Number of w o rk e rs.................... Average hourly earnings1 ......... 7,344 $6.01 301 $5.50 46 $6.56 808 $5.28 332 $6.84 123 $5.71 134 $5.73 80 $5.51 5,528 $6.21 197 $5.69 42 $6.62 615 $5.47 237 $7.14 69 $5.91 53 $5.56 T o t a l.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $3.40 .............................. $3.40 and under $3.60 ............. $3.60 and under $3.80 ............. $3.80 and under $4.00 ............. .9 .1 .1 .2 1.3 .3 - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - .4 1.1 .7 2.8 5.6 _ 11.0 9.0 _ - _ 5.0 _ _ 2.5 11.7 _ - _ - _ - - _ 2.3 2.4 6.5 14.0 - _ _ 2.4 40.5 7.1 - 5.2 4.1 1.3 62.4 1.1 _ - 4.3 23.2 14.5 13.0 7.2 24.5 30.2 13.2 9.4 3.8 2.9 7.2 1.4 5.8 2.9 5.7 13.2 - $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 and and and and and under under under under under $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 and and and and and under under under under under $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 $6.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 8.6 9.0 6.4 12.6 9.5 5.3 19.6 4.7 5.0 39.9 $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 and and and and and under under under under under $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 4.3 7.1 1.8 2.9 6.0 1.7 .7 .3 .7 8.8 2.6 .9 1.5 .1 _ 5.3 .5 _ $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 and and and and and under under under under under $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 $8.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. $8.00 and under $8.20 ............. $8.20 and o v e r .......................... _ - - 2.2 37.0 6.5 8.7 .6 1.2 .3 - 12.9 3.1 1.0 47.5 .9 _ 6.0 _ 2.2 4.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 - .3 - 2.5 1.7 2.4 11.4 14.6 .1 .2 - .3 - 1.6 - - _ _ _ - - - - - - - 12.0 - 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes workers classified separately as chippers, grinders, and combination of 1.5 .7 16.4 2.2 10.4 2.2 4.5 1.5 - .1 _ - 3.3 3.3 2.4 .8 .8 _ 19.0 1.5 .9 26.2 32.2 _ - 2.2 16.4 14.2 9.7 10.4 - .7 5.7 7.3 .8 10.6 _ 32.6 - - 1.6 39.0 1.6 1.6 1.6 _ 6.7 .3 .5 1.3 5.6 17.5 36.2 12.5 8.7 5.0 6.3 6.1 5.6 15.0 10.3 7.6 8.6 3.0 2.0 58.9 6.3 5.0 6.2 1.7 3.4 7.8 2.0 1.0 .5 1.0 8.7 - - .8 2.4 - - 7.3 8.9 _ _ - - 11.3 3.3 1.0 2.0 .1 7.0 .2 - _ .5 - - _ 1.3 36.7 - 4.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 _ 45.1 _ _ - - - - - - 13.0 - - _ _ - - - .5 2.9 2.4 - _ _ .2 .3 - 1.4 - - .2 35.7 - _ - 16.9 - chippers and grinders, NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Table 16. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Occupational averages by method of wage payment (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Incentive workers Timeworkers Southeast Middle Atlantic United States1 2 Timeworkers Incentive workers Timeworkers Occupation Number of workers Centrifugal-casting-machine operators, pipe3 ....................................... Metal m o ld s ............................................ Chippers and grinders3 ............................. G rin d e r s ................................................. Chippers and g rin d ers............................ Coremakers, h a n d .................................... Coremakers, m a c h in e .............................. Cupola te n d e r s ......................................... Molders, flo o r ........................................... Molders, machine, semi-automatic .......... Pourers, metal .......................................... Sand- or shot-blast operato rs.................. Sand m ix e r s ............................................. Shakeout workers .................................... Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs.................................. Truckers, power3 ....................................... F o rk lift.................................................... Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 79 62 547 403 142 50 119 54 43 137 101 33 47 42 $6.34 6.38 5.31 5.43 4.97 5.90 5.61 5.84 6.21 5.64 5.65 5.50 5.57 4.94 110 85 222 88 108 102 34 13 18 165 139 6 13 95 $7.09 7.23 6.35 6.15 6.70 6.34 7.47 7.02 8.18 7.15 6.32 6.23 6.83 6.05 100 443 390 5.42 5.41 5.40 126 38 31 5.84 6.71 7.02 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. Number of workers 26 24 9 56 51 Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings $5.68 5.70 56 39 342 262 $6.30 6.35 5.45 5.35 6.18 36 39 30 6.01 6.44 5.67 133 56 20 38 30 5.65 5.54 5.08 5.62 5.55 272 225 5.50 5.55 5.54 5.46 Number of workers Average hourly earnings 43 38 $6.61 6.60 7 89 90 8.47 6.75 5.93 55 6.39 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 17. Malleable iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of production workers by selected characteristics, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Great Lakes Middle Atlantic United States1 2 Average hourly earnings Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings All production w o rk e rs................................ 13,145 $7.49 2,519 $6.15 8,794 $8.28 Size of community: Metropolitan areas3 .................................. Nonmetropolitan areas ............................ 9,992 3,153 7.99 5.92 1,873 - 6.36 - 7,498 - 8.58 - Size of establishment: 50-249 w o rk e rs......................................... 250 workers or m o re................................ 2,184 10,961 6.40 7.71 2,374 6.14 Labor-management contract coverage: Establishments withMajority of workers c o v e re d .................. 11,713 7.70 2,519 6.15 Type of foundry ownership: Commerctal4 ............................................. C a p tiv e ..................................................... 7,476 5,669 6.81 8.40 1,706 - 5.75 - Characteristic 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in ad dition toi th o se show n separately. 3 Standard M etropolitan S ta tistic a l A reas a s d efined by Number of workers - - Number of workers - 7,620 - 3,938 4,856 $8.49 - 7.84 8.63 the U.S. O ffic e of M anagem ent and Budget through February 1974. 4 For definition of commercial and captive foundries, see appendix A. Table 18. Earnings distribution: Malleable iron foundries (Percent distribution of production workers, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Middle Atlantic Hourly earnings United States1 Number of w orkers................... Average hourly earnings2 ......... 13,145 $7.49 2,519 $6.15 8,794 $8.28 T o ta l................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $3.40 ............................. $3.40 and under $3.60 ............. $3 60 and under $3 80 ........... $3 80 and under $4 00 ......... (3) - .1 .1 _ (3) Hourly earnings Great Lakes United States1 Middle Atlantic Great Lakes $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 and and and and and under under under under under $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 $8.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 2.2 3.1 2.2 2.0 7.1 4.0 5.7 3.7 3.1 3.2 1.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 9.5 $8.00 $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 and and and and and under under under under under $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 $9.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 5.8 2.7 3.1 14.3 4.2 1.9 1.0 .8 .8 .8 8.0 3.7 4.3 21.0 6.0 $9.00 $9.20 $9.40 $9.60 $9.80 and and and and and under under under under under $9.20 ............. $9.40 ............. $9.60 ............. $9.80 ............. $ 1 0 .0 0 ........... 3.2 3.2 2.0 .6 .7 .5 .4 .3 .3 .2 4.6 4.6 2.9 .8 1.0 .3 1.0 1.4 4.1 .6 .2 .6 1.9 - _ (3) $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 and and and and and under under under under under $4 20 $4.40 $4 60 $4 80 $5.00 ............. ............. .......... ............. ............. .1 1.4 .4 4.3 1.9 .1 5.2 1.1 8.0 6.0 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 and and and and and under under under under under $5 20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 $6.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 3.6 6.3 3.4 1.6 3.5 6.7 10.7 5.3 2.1 6.8 2.8 1.8 .9 .9 1.4 $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 and and and and and under under under under under $6 20 $6.40 $6 60 $6.80 $7.00 .......... ............. ...... ............. ............. 2.7 2.5 2.1 1.7 1.5 6.6 2.5 3.0 4.3 4.1 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.2 1.0 (3) .5 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 3 Less than 0.05 percent. $10.00 $10.20 $10.40 $10.60 $10.80 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 0 .2 0 ......... $ 1 0 .4 0 ......... $ 1 0 .6 0 ......... $ 1 0 .8 0 ......... $ 1 1 .0 0 ......... .7 1.0 2.8 .4 .2 $11.00 and over ....................... 1.4 _ (3) NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Table 19. Malleable iron foundries: Occupational averages Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Occupation Carpenters, m ain te n a n ce ............................ Charging-machine o p e ra to rs........................ Chippers and grinders3 ................................ C h ip p e rs ..................................................... G rin d e rs .................................. .................. Core assem blers and fin is h e rs .................... Coremakers, h a n d ........................................ Bench ......................................................... Coremakers, machine3 ................................. Core-blowing machine .............................. Crane operators, electric b rid g e .................. Under 20 t o n s ........................................... 20 tons and o v e r ....................................... Cupola te n d e r s ............................................ Electricians, maintenance ........................... Furnace tenders, electric ............................ Furnace tenders, h e lp e r s ............................ Inspectors, class C ....................................... Laborers, general fo u n d ry ........................... Laborers, material handling......................... Mechanics, g e n e ra l...................................... Mechanics, m aintenance............................. Molders, flo o r ............................................... Molders, hand, b e n c h .................................. Molders, machine, au to m atic....................... Molders, machine, semi-automatic3 ............ Squeeze ..................................................... Patternmakers, m e ta l................................... Patternmakers, w o o d ................................... Pourers, m e ta l.............................................. Repairers, wood p a tte rn s............................ Sand- or shot-blast o p e rato rs...................... Sand m ix e rs ................................................. Shakeout w o rkers........................................ Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs...................................... Truckers, p o w e r........................................... F o rk lift........................................................ Other than fo rk lift...................................... Tumbler o p e rato rs........................................ Welders, hand3 ............................................ Repairers ................................................... Number of work ers Hourly earnings1 Mean Median Middle range 27 19 1,294 366 851 324 155 92 155 62 98 88 10 28 249 204 86 384 1,460 110 150 489 85 282 142 524 369 162 24 431 32 113 108 256 $7.94 6.25 7.45 7.87 7.46 7.29 8.37 6.82 7.95 7.22 7.35 7.21 8.55 6.37 9.26 7.75 6.80 6.99 6.68 5.94 7.42 8.68 6.11 8.25 7.36 7.57 7.25 9.14 8.72 7.53 7.29 7.41 6.61 6.18 $7.99 7.10 8.26 8.67 7.82 8.02 7.55 6.00 8.25 7.23 7.09 6.57 6.36 9.31 8.16 6.13 7.03 7.92 6.19 7.42 9.31 5.80 8.63 7.12 7.55 7.13 9.43 8.86 7.50 7.39 7.68 5.72 5.70 $5.56 5.09 5.75 7.37 5.98 5.94 5.80 5.70 7.25 5.86 5.97 5.95 5.96 8.32 6.45 5.20 5.25 5.25 5.06 7.11 8.07 5.80 7.89 5.80 5.90 5.81 8.48 8.75 6.26 5.80 5.41 5.20 5.20 214 631 581 50 63 86 63 7.05 7.38 7.53 5.56 6.15 7.44 7.15 6.80 7.98 7.98 5.08 6.28 7.74 6.65 5.23 6.36 6.76 4.79 5.31 6.41 6.41 1 Se e appen dix A for definition of means, medians, and middle ranges. ranges are not provided for entries with fewer than 15 workers. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Great Lakes Middle Atlantic United States1 2 Number of work ers Mean - $10.39 7.17 8.67 8.67 8.75 8.02 11.53 7.55 8.73 8.50 8.71 8.07 6.49 10.59 9.07 8.34 8.67 7.92 6.19 7.71 9.31 5.97 8.80 8.50 9.01 8.25 9.43 8.97 9.00 9.54 9.56 7.72 7.36 10 205 165 22 21 26 23 32 8 196 252 12 41 185 176 23 74 22 24 142 $6.21 6.29 6.49 5.97 6.00 6.34 7.03 6.16 6.52 5.81 5.06 6.43 6.12 _ 6.81 6.88 7.20 7.35 5.51 5.16 6.52 - 8.87 8.67 8.67 5.50 7.22 8.29 7.79 47 94 75 6.18 5.53 5.60 - - Medians and middle - Number of work ers Hourly earnings1 Median Middle range _ _ _ $5.85 6.16 5.80 5.80 5.99 7.62 5.65 5.25 4.71 5.67 6.56 6.71 7.12 7.46 5.35 4.92 7.26 $5.02 5.41 5.80 5.80 5.56 5.93 5.35 5.19 4.30 5.56 _ 5.39 5.56 6.76 5.80 5.02 4.91 5.25 $7.60 7.82 6.07 6.07 7.16 7.86 6.84 6.70 6.19 6.52 8.15 8.20 8.08 8.05 5.41 5.41 7.38 6.53 5.41 5.54 - 4.86 4.79 4.79 - - - - - - - 7.12* 6.40 6.76 - Hourly earnings1 Mean Median Middle range 16 12 869 533 103 41 118 31 64 54 10 13 202 143 1,046 12 68 240 120 278 17 89 64 42 $9.19 6.83 8.22 8.23 9.61 7.94 8.52 8.21 7.96 7.85 8.55 6.68 9.78 8.33 7.36 8.28 8.81 8.53 7.91 8.05 8.09 7.94 7.57 7.60 $10.39 8.67 8.60 11.53 7.13 8.62 8.52 8.07 7.66 10.08 8.55 7.92 8.62 8.39 7.56 8.35 9.54 8.14 7.28 7.62 $7.99 7.66 7.28 7.13 6.66 7.69 7.31 6.56 6.48 9.31 7.47 6.56 7.75 7.38 6.81 7.50 5.78 7.25 6.25 6.75 103 463 454 32 - 8.45 8.12 8.14 6.54 - 8.87 8.49 8.58 6.57 - 7.34 7.98 7.98 5.31 - - - 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately, NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or data do not meet publication criteria. _ - - $10.39 8.77 8.96 11.53 9.06 8.82 8.95 8.91 8.71 10.59 9.07 - - - - - 7.92 9.08 9.30 8.25 9.00 9.54 9.56 8.81 8.29 8.96 8.67 8.67 7.28 - Table 20. Malleable iron foundries: Occupational averages by method of wage payment (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Timeworkers Great Lakes Middle Atlantic United States1 2 Incentive workers Timeworkers Incentive workers Timeworkers Incentive workers Occupation Number of workers Chippers and grinders3 ............................. C h ip p e rs .................................................. G rin d e rs .................................................. Core assem blers and fin ish e rs................. Coremakers, hand3 ................................... Bench ..................................................... Coremakers, machine3 .............................. Core-blowing machine ........................... Crane operators, electric bridge3 ............. Under 20 t o n s ........................................ Furnace tenders, electric ......................... Furnace tenders’ h e lp e r s ......................... Inspectors, class C .................................. Molders, hand, b e n c h ............................... Molders, machine, au tom atic................... Molders, machine, semi-automatic3 ......... Squeeze ................................................. Pourers, metal .......................................... Sand- or shot-blast ope rato rs.................. Sand m ix e rs .............................................. Shakeout workers .................................... Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs.................................. Tumbler o p e rato rs.................................... Average hourly earn ings Number of workers Average hourly earn ings Average hourly earn ings _ 158 38 16 73 63 176 56 292 28 209 102 94 121 _ $7.03 6.97 6.44 7.03 6.78 7.54 6.64 6.84 8.26 6.90 7.56 6.26 6.58 854 104 693 77 150 90 117 46 25 25 28 30 92 254 118 497 369 222 11 14 135 $7.48 8.25 7.56 6.35 8.38 6.77 8.27 7.49 8.30 8.30 9.06 7.09 7.49 8.25 7.51 7.53 7.25 8.12 6.02 8.91 5.83 40 26 15 24 - $4.91 5.64 5.62 5.16 - 95 33 6.83 5.40 119 30 7.23 6.97 22 - 5.51 - 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. Number of workers Number of workers Average hourly earn ings Number of workers Average hourly earn ings Number of workers Average hourly earn ings 165 145 21 21 184 176 48 - $6.63 6.68 6.00 6.00 6.82 6.88 8.31 - _ 48 38 127 136 85 50 18 _ $7.73 7.51 8.13 7.50 7.97 7.20 8.39 533 92 441 99 39 94 27 54 218 120 142 14 24 $8.25 8.57 8.18 9.65 7.89 8.79 8.37 9.12 8.48 7.91 8.58 8.91 7.01 - - - - 60 - 8.38 - - NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 21. Steel foundries: Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of workers in steel foundries, United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States2 New England Middle West Pacific Number of work ers Average hourly earnings Number of work ers Average hourly earnings Number of work ers Average hourly earnings Number of work ers Average hourly earnings Number of work ers Average hourly earnings $5.41 10,943 $7.85 2,031 $5.68 3,694 $5.46 22,375 $7.37 3,445 $6.84 7,032 $6.45 1,294 - 5.47 - 10,943 - 7.85 - 1,601 - 5.80 - 3,273 - 5.38 - 19,681 - 7.56 - 2,311 - 7.34 - 7,032 - 6.45 - 665 - 5.63 - 1,876 9,067 6.02 8.22 821 - 5.34 - 1,001 2,693 4.71 5.74 18,985 7.56 2,910 6.87 2,316 4,716 6.55 6.40 10,588 7.96 1,515 5.77 2,816 5.70 18,855 7.55 3,213 6.82 4,600 6.68 - - 3,520 6.39 - - - - All production w o rk e rs ................................. 52,550 $7.01 1,530 Size of community: Metropolitan a re a s ..................................... Nonmetropolitan areas ............................. 47,635 4,915 7.14 5.81 Size of establishment: 50-249 w o rk e rs .......................................... 250 workers or m o re ................................. 11,298 41,252 6.02 7.29 43,200 7.27 9,350 5.85 Number of work ers 1,171 Average hourly earnings 5.36 - 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Great Lakes Average hourly earnings Number of work ers Labor-management contract coverage: Establishments w ithMajority of workers c o v e re d ................... None or minority of workers c o v e re d .................................................. Southwest Southeast Number of work ers Item Average hourly earnings Middle Atlantic - - - NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or data do not meet publication criteria. Table 22. Earnings distribution: Steel foundries (Percent distribution of production workers, by straight-time hourly earnings1 United States and selected regions, September 1979) Hourly earnings United States1 2 New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Southwest Number of w o rkers................... Average hourly earnings1 ......... 52,550 $7.01 1,530 $5.41 10,943 $7.85 2,031 $5.68 3,694 $5.46 22,375 $7.37 3,445 $6.84 7,032 $6.45 T o ta l................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $3.40 ............................. $3.40 and under $3.60 ............. $3.60 and under $3.80 ............. $3.80 and under $4.00 ............. 2.1 .3 .4 .9 3.3 .5 .8 3.7 .4 .3 .2 .3 .9 .2 .6 3.5 6.8 .9 .3 .8 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $4.20 ............. $4.40 ............. $4.60 ............. $4.80 ............. $5.00 ............. $5.20 ............. $5.40 ............. $ 5 .6 0 ............. $5.80 ............. $6.00 ............. .8 1.3 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.9 2.7 3.6 4.1 3.4 2.5 6.7 5.2 7.0 9.7 8.0 9.5 9.9 5.3 3.0 .8 .3 1.4 .7 .5 1.2 1.1 2.1 3.4 3.5 2.8 5.1 4.5 2.5 6.5 4.5 6.0 4.8 12.6 9.2 1.3 .8 2.5 7.9 10.9 9.7 7.1 13.6 6.7 4.3 $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $6.20 ............. $6.40 ............. $6.60 ............. $6.80 ............. $7.00 ............. $7.20 ............. $ 7 .4 0 ............. $7.60 ............. $7.80 ............. $8.00 ............. 4.7 4.2 4.3 6.1 6.6 4.3 6.0 4.4 3.9 2.3 4.2 2.9 2.0 3.0 2.2 2.7 1.2 .7 1.3 .5 5.5 2.6 4.3 3.7 3.9 5.8 7.0 5.2 4.5 2.1 6.6 4.9 5.4 8.9 2.5 1.2 3.5 .1 .5 .9 $8.00 $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 $9.00 $9.20 $9.40 $9.60 $9.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $8.20 ............. $8.40 ............. $8.60 ........ . $8.80 ............. $9.00 ............. $9.20 ............. $9.40 ............. $9.60 ............. $9.80 ............. $ 1 0 .0 0 ........... 2.8 2.0 2.0 2.9 2.7 1.5 1.2 .7 .6 1.1 1.0 1.0 .3 .1 1.0 .5 .1 .1 3.8 3.2 2.2 1.9 1.4 2.1 1.3 1.6 1.2 3.0 .3 .5 .3 .1 .2 $10.00 $10.20 $10.40 $10.60 $10.80 $11.00 and and and and and and under $ 1 0 .2 0 ......... under $ 1 0 .4 0 ......... under $ 1 0 .6 0 ......... under $ 1 0 .8 0 ......... under $ 1 1 .0 0 ......... over ....................... 1.1 .7 .9 1.0 .4 3.1 - - _ - - 4.0 1.6 .7 2.7 .6 8.2 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Less than 0.05 percent. _ .2 _ - .2 _ Pacific - 9.6 1.4 1.0 3.0 .4 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.4 2.0 1.9 .4 .4 .2 .3 1.1 4.3 6.0 9.8 10.5 5.8 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.6 .5 3.1 2.0 1.0 3.7 1.6 5.8 3.2 3.4 3.6 2.0 1.2 1.2 .4 1.4 .7 2.6 4.8 4.6 8.3 10.7 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.3 3.5 11.6 6.0 7.0 5.5 3.6 2.0 2.8 1.6 1.9 1.3 4.1 3.6 2.7 5.2 5.0 3.8 13.1 6.1 2.6 1.4 1.3 .8 .1 .3 .1 .3 .1 (3) .1 (3) 2.3 2.5 2.5 3.9 4.9 2.3 1.9 .9 .7 .8 1.5 .9 1.0 1.2 .8 .7 .3 .3 1.0 1.7 5.9 .8 3.1 5.0 2.0 .2 .8 .1 (3) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .5 .6 1.6 1.1 .5 2.1 .7 1.0 .6 .3 1.0 5.2 (3) _ .1 _ (3) Great Lakes Middle West (3) .1 _ (3) (3) - .3 .2 .1 _ _ 1.2 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Table 23. Steel foundries: Occupational averages (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations in steel foundries, United States and selected regions, September 1979) New England United States2 Occupation Air-set o pe rato rs..................................... Arc-air s c a rfe rs ....................................... Carpenters, m ain te n an ce....................... Charging machine operators ................. Chippers and grinders ........................... C h ip p e rs............................................... G rin d e rs ............................................... Chippers and g rin d ers......................... Core assemblers and fin ish e rs.............. Coremakers, h a n d .................................. Bench ................................................... F lo o r ..................................................... Bench and f lo o r ................................... Coremakers, m a c h in e ............................ Core-blowing machine ........................ Turn-over-draw m a c h in e ...................... Crane operators, electric b rid g e ............ Under 20 t o n s ...................................... 20 tons and o v e r ................................. Cupola te n d e rs ...................................... Electricians, maintenance ...................... Furnace tenders, electric ...................... Furnace tenders, h e lp e r s ...................... Helpers, trades, m aintenance................ Inspectors, class A ................................ Inspectors, class B ................................ Inspectors, class C ................................ Laborers, general fo u n d ry ...................... Laborers, material handling ................... Machinists, m ain tenan ce........................ Mechanics, g e n e ra l................................ Mechanics, m aintenance....................... Molders, flo o r ......................................... Molders, hand, b e n c h ............................ Molders, machine, au to m atic................. Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........ J a r r in g .................................................. R o ll-o v e r.............................................. Squeeze ............................................... Other (single) machine ....................... Combination (operates more than One type of m ach ine)........................ Patternmakers, m e ta l............................. Patternmakers, w o o d ............................. Pourers, metal ....................................... Repairers, wood p atte rn s....................... Sand- shot-blast operators .................... Sand-slinger operators .......................... Sand m ix e rs ........................................... See footnotes at end of table. Num ber of work Mean ers Hourly earnings3 Median Middle range 141 569 119 42 6,082 1,233 1,958 2,891 423 1,034 531 234 269 698 498 111 1,610 879 731 32 717 688 441 180 496 918 533 3,211 546 356 492 1,376 886 179 181 1,215 129 379 466 79 $6.58 7.21 8.00 7.37 6.95 7.39 6.67 6.96 6.78 7.71 7.62 8.31 7.37 7.67 7.53 6.97 7.23 6.91 7.61 8.45 8.26 7.25 6.43 6.04 7.34 7.01 5.72 6.03 7.68 8.81 7.20 7.65 7.55 8.32 6.91 7.62 8.60 6.98 7.58 8.13 $6.64 7.25 7.96 8.15 6.81 7.27 6.81 6.71 6.31 7.73 7.39 8.63 7.47 7.33 7.33 6.87 7.28 6.88 7.55 8.91 8.14 7.31 6.37 6.21 7.28 6.74 5.90 6.33 7.94 8.78 7.23 7.55 7.29 6.46 6.64 7.75 8.63 6.67 7.75 7.65 $5.81 6.09 6.86 5.89 5.60 5.76 5.41 5.63 5.46 6.55 6.57 6.83 6.39 6.21 6.50 5.00 6.25 6.24 6.75 7.99 7.37 6.33 5.29 4.74 6.68 6.74 5.00 5.09 6.65 7.37 6.40 6.64 6.59 5.50 6.17 6.30 7.67 5.86 6.22 6.86 162 250 343 950 225 574 265 452 8.23 10.52 9.06 6.78 6.81 6.70 7.65 6.43 8.85 11.03 8.84 6.70 6.40 6.39 7.82 6.35 8.53 9.04 7.25 5.44 5.46 5.47 6.15 5.72 _ - - ~ Number of work Mean ers _ Middle Atlantic Hourly earnings3 Median _ Middle range _ $7.31 7.68 9.25 8.91 7.56 8.60 7.29 7.53 7.57 8.74 8.69 9.21 8.08 8.63 8.44 8.09 7.73 7.48 8.47 8.91 9.10 8.09 7.43 7.13 7.83 7.48 6.35 6.84 8.76 9.04 7.82 8.29 8.47 13.87 7.20 8.85 9.22 8.18 8.63 9.60 _ 161 93 17 17 23 43 32 11 30 - $5.29 5.12 6.89 6.83 6.05 4.69 4.98 5.34 6.46 - $5.16 5.21 6.88 ~ 6.82 5.95 4.69 4.94 6.32 - $5.03 4.70 6.63 _ 6.48 5.71 4.31 4.77 5.99 _ _ _ 9.00 11.39 10.82 7.78 7.75 7.49 8.60 7.26 43 5.67 - - - - 5.44 - _ 5.29 - - - - - - Number of work Mean ers _ _ 104 36 $5.58 1,316 522 5.58 468 326 98 171 7.13 70 65 _ 36 205 125 487 172 315 _ 181 134 81 _ 71 6.82 138 6.42 51 5.03 544 5.20 6.72 66 254 _ 254 _ _ _ _ _ 152 58 12 _ 28 _ 6.03 - - 27 74 80 134 126 51 80 _ Hourly earnings3 Median _ Middle range _ $7.28 8.94 7.54 8.52 7.00 6.72 6.81 7.82 7.53 8.55 7.06 9.16 8.43 7.67 7.52 7.76 8.69 7.83 7.00 _ 7.88 7.01 6.84 7.06 _ 7.46 7.81 7.88 _ _ 7.74 7.58 6.23 9.47 $7.06 9.94 7.15 8.23 7.06 6.63 6.20 7.52 7.31 8.87 7.47 9.21 7.33 7.42 7.42 7.72 8.39 7.43 6.53 8.38 7.31 7.13 7.20 7.23 7.55 7.55 7.11 6.54 10.09 $5.73 8.30 5.97 7.33 5.56 5.47 5.76 6.44 6.15 7.03 5.97 7.33 7.33 6.81 7.31 6.09 7.40 6.68 5.81 6.27 7.20 6.35 6.58 7.23 6.16 7.18 _ 6.16 6.54 6.89 8.26 9.63 8.52 7.99 8.58 9.04 8.77 8.14 7.31 8.77 7.91 6.53 6.22 6.00 6.66 - 7.91 8.71 7.19 Southeast - 8.11 8.89 7.04 _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - Number of work Mean ers _ _ $8.61 9.94 8.88 10.02 7.33 7.52 7.31 8.84 8.15 9.41 7.52 10.02 10.02 8.59 7.81 8.96 10.18 8.23 7.98 9.35 7.63 7.74 7.96 7.69 9.09 8.36 _ 8.74 8.34 10.46 25 349 314 16 58 _ _ _ 92 87 _ _ 33 25 13 154 26 54 59 78 _ _ 67 29 _ 8.74 11.03 9.04 9.61 10.61 10.30 7.60 _ 9 56 26 32 _ Hourly earnings3 Median _ Middle range _ _ $5.40 5.31 5.37 4.67 6.78 _ _ 5.94 5.96 _ 6.22 5.22 4.69 4.32 5.16 6.75 6.37 6.40 _ 6.36 6.57 _ $5.32 5.78 5.78 4.78 6.67 _ _ 6.18 6.18 _ 6.47 4.93 4.14 5.17 6.67 6.67 6.60 _ 6.21 6.67 _ $4.99 4.80 4.88 4.24 5.95 6.03 6.07 5.85 4.48 3.88 5.17 6.67 6.26 5.95 4.93 4.83 - _ 6.95 5.39 5.43 5.38 _ _ 5.73 _ 5.78 5.26 _ 4.95 4.99 4.99 - - - - - - - - - - $5.91 5.78 5.78 5.06 7.37 6.18 6.18 6.64 5.93 4.71 5.56 7.20 6.91 6.80 _ 7.35 7.35 5.85 5.78 5.93 Table 23. Steel foundries: Occupational averages— Continued (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations in steel foundries, United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States2 Occupation Number of work Mean ers Shakeout workers .................................. 868 Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs................................ 388 Truckers, p o w e r...................................... 1,075 F o rk lift.................................................. 895 Other than fo rk lift................................ 180 Tumbler o p e ra to rs.................................. 169 Welders, h a n d ........................................ 2,542 A sse m b le rs .......................................... 473 R e p a ire rs ............................................. 1,239 Combination ........................................ 830 New England Hourly earnings3 Median Middle range $6.60 $6.73 $5.44 - $7.39 6.91 6.72 6.54 7.61 6.86 7.31 7.45 7.16 7.46 7.06 6.53 6.53 7.49 7.26 7.33 7.38 6.90 8.00 5.57 5.79 5.75 6.73 5.03 6.13 6.44 6.01 6.33 - 7.76 7.33 7.28 8.92 7.94 8.00 8.40 7.73 8.00 Number of work Mean ers 12 47 6.30 $5.79 $5.49 - $7.48 31 6.85 7.28 5.58 - 7.63 Air-set o p e rato rs..................................... Arc-air s c a r fe r s ....................................... Carpenters, m ain te n an ce....................... Chippers and grinders ........................... C h ip p e rs............................................... G rin d e rs ............................................... Chippers and g rin d ers......................... Core assem blers and fin ish e rs.............. Coremakers, h a n d .................................. Bench ................................................... F lo o r ..................................................... Bench and flo o r ................................... Coremakers, m a c h in e ............................ Core-blowing machine ........................ Crane operators, electric b rid g e ............ Under 20 t o n s ...................................... 20 tons and o v e r ................................. Electricians, maintenance ...................... Furnace tenders, electric ...................... Furnace tenders, h e lp e rs ...................... Helpers, trades, m ain tenan ce................ Inspectors, class A ................................ Inspectors, class B ................................ Inspectors, class C ................................ Laborers, general fo u n d ry ...................... Laborers, material handling ................... Machinists, m ain te nan ce....................... Mechanics, g e n e ra l................................ Mechanics, m aintenance....................... See footnotes at end of table. Number of work Mean ers Middle range 35 46 $5.37 5.89 $5.81 6.05 $5.81 5.10 - $5.81 6.13 485 5.15 4.98 4.98 - 5.56 150 209 36 63 46 5.17 5.22 5.42 5.85 5.41 4.98 5.46 5.08 5.78 5.76 4.75 5.00 5.05 5.62 5.48 - 5.54 5.78 5.85 6.32 6.04 94 94 5.93 5.93 5.68 5.68 5.56 5.56 - 6.05 6.05 60 49 50 13 58 26 28 426 7.10 6.23 5.03 4.31 5.98 5.62 4.37 4.45 6.66 6.33 4.89 6.62 6.00 4.89 - 8.01 6.33 5.37 5.58 5.68 4.20 4.79 5.58 5.46 3.44 4.48 - 5.98 6.02 5.09 4.89 44 127 6.65 6.75 6.91 6.66 6.48 6.45 - 7.14 6.66 Number of work Mean ers Median Middle range Number of work Mean ers Middle range 35 224 57 2,294 357 540 1,397 208 428 254 104 $7.03 7.82 7.77 7.65 6.86 7.42 7.94 7.16 8.07 7.93 8.38 $7.50 7.53 7.96 7.49 6.15 7.23 7.49 7.13 7.82 7.84 8.86 $6.96 6.73 6.97 6.25 6.15 6.59 6.75 6.05 7.07 7.07 6.64 - $7.50 8.95 8.69 8.68 7.90 8.68 9.31 8.52 9.09 9.01 9.39 256 228 633 330 303 322 233 162 91 244 628 273 1,370 323 148 204 565 7.55 7.49 7.46 7.10 7.85 8.55 7.33 7.04 6.39 7.36 6.99 5.88 6.34 7.61 8.62 7.33 8.01 7.33 7.33 7.52 6.93 7.55 8.68 7.38 6.98 7.13 7.45 6.74 5.90 6.49 7.39 8.97 7.30 8.03 6.88 6.93 6.88 6.80 7.38 7.96 6.45 6.86 4.41 6.68 6.74 5.88 5.74 6.91 8.78 6.40 7.35 - 8.17 8.03 7.78 7.73 8.47 9.24 8.51 7.63 7.68 7.63 7.08 6.20 6.84 8.76 8.97 7.87 8.78 Hourly earnings3 Median Middle range $7.44 $7.39 $6.56 - $7.72 47 $5.20 $5.44 $5.26 - $5.44 69 201 113 7.51 7.70 7.09 7.52 7.39 7.24 6.10 6.63 6.52 - 8.19 8.70 7.53 28 35 28 4.90 5.28 5.23 4.61 5.52 5.20 4.22 5.20 5.15 - 4.99 5.52 5.65 44 478 129 244 105 7.59 7.54 8.21 7.72 6.32 7.33 7.20 7.88 7.60 6.26 6.60 6.26 7.02 6.81 5.97 - 9.75 8.22 9.44 8.27 6.64 135 6.12 6.47 5.91 - 6.64 88 6.14 6.64 5.91 - 6.64 Middle West Hourly earnings3 Median Hourly earnings3 214 Great Lakes Hourly earnings3 Median Middle range $5.65 Southwest Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings3 Median Southeast Middle Atlantic Number of work Mean ers Pacific Hourly earnings3 Median Middle range 44 $6.73 $6.26 $5.68 - $6.99 343 7.46 6.39 5.60 - 8.04 123 115 44 102 58 8.29 6.18 7.06 8.29 8.18 7.25 6.39 6.18 8.50 8.34 6.09 5.60 5.47 6.85 6.68 - 10.26 6.47 7.50 8.99 9.23 15 28 24 113 54 59 56 32 29 7.61 7.23 7.32 6.59 7.14 6.08 6.93 7.32 6.80 7.45 6.81 6.81 6.17 6.54 6.17 6.71 6.73 6.01 6.24 6.02 6.02 5.72 5.94 5.56 6.01 6.29 5.76 - 8.26 6.85 6.85 6.54 6.73 6.48 6.76 7.72 6.73 57 7.81 6.50 6.11 - 11.48 189 24 5.77 7.07 5.70 6.83 5.28 5.46 - 6.24 8.92 143 7.01 6.64 6.16 - 7.09 Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings3 Median Middle range 110 11 892 79 494 319 12 163 64 $7.21 7.80 6.35 6.25 6.11 6.76 6.59 7.62 8.05 $7.52 $7.06 - $7.66 7.00 5.66 6.81 7.23 5.63 5.35 5.13 5.66 - 7.26 7.27 7.26 7.26 8.09 8.54 6.39 7.18 - 8.63 8.63 80 69 45 144 98 7.10 8.15 8.19 7.17 7.14 6.39 8.09 8.63 7.28 7.28 6.33 8.09 8.09 7.23 7.28 - 8.54 8.63 8.63 7.33 7.30 40 160 62 8.83 7.18 5.86 9.24 7.66 6.73 8.32 6.73 3.95 - 9.24 8.09 7.26 77 36 66 362 8.21 7.90 5.04 6.32 8.09 7.48 4.76 6.73 7.37 6.82 3.22 6.16 - 8.19 7.68 6.12 6.80 14 54 169 8.24 8.31 7.67 8.54 7.55 7.71 7.25 - 8.84 8.54 Table 23. Steel foundries: Occupational averages— Continued (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations in steel foundries, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Great Lakes Southwest Occupation Molders, flo o r ......................................... Molders, hand, b e n c h ............................ Molders, machine, au to m atic................. Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........ Jarring .................................................. Roll-over .............................................. Squeeze ............................................... Combination (operates more than One type of m ach ine)......................... Patternmakers, m e ta l............................. Patternmakers, w o o d ............................. Pourers, metal ........................................ Repairers, wood p a tte rn s....................... Sand- shot-blast operators .................... Sand-slinger operators .......................... Sand m ix e rs ........................................... Shakeout workers .................................. Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs................................ Truckers, p o w e r...................................... F o rk lift.................................................. Other than forklift ................................ Tumbler o p e rato rs.................................. Welders, h a n d ......................................... A sse m b le rs .......................................... R e p a ire rs ............................................. Combination ......................................... Num ber of work Mean ers _ Median Middle range _ _ 20 30 103 35 55 $6.15 5.84 5.27 5.13 5.77 $5.98 5.91 5.56 5.76 5.76 $5.50 5.56 4.18 4.25 5.10 25 90 49 38 41 50 7.86 5.36 5.50 5.09 5.16 5.06 8.17 5.19 5.46 5.28 5.25 5.22 6.48 5.10 5.46 4.88 5.19 4.86 49 112 99 336 5.18 5.14 5.14 6.04 6.51 - 5.48 4.99 4.98 5.77 6.13 - 5.00 4.98 4.98 5.40 5.56 - - 216 - _ hourly earnings3 _ - - - Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings3 Median Middle range Number of work Mean ers Median Middle range 138 29 57 611 73 188 242 $8.07 6.27 7.32 8.18 9.53 7.06 8.35 $8.10 6.46 6.74 8.20 9.13 6.81 7.75 $6.64 5.50 6.64 7.19 8.26 6.14 7.75 _ - $8.47 6.46 7.20 9.11 10.05 7.77 9.36 105 57 11 21 $7.72 7.48 6.93 7.07 $7.21 6.85 6.73 $6.60 6.05 6.05 8.65 5.85 5.77 5.61 5.73 5.48 144 129 441 107 277 134 171 311 11.28 10.09 7.21 6.90 6.73 8.20 6.48 7.02 11.17 10.82 7.55 7.25 6.64 8.60 6.61 6.88 10.94 7.51 6.35 6.31 6.13 7.82 6.02 6.15 - 13.00 13.00 8.51 7.75 7.49 8.75 6.98 8.36 41 71 12 32 10 38 56 7.13 6.58 6.36 6.24 5.68 6.39 6.55 6.89 6.48 5.47 6.01 6.13 6.11 5.51 5.47 5.72 5.44 5.76 156 5.48 505 5.49 445 60 73 6.90 1,083 216 7.24 448 - 7.28 6.90 6.85 7.22 7.00 7.77 7.97 7.22 - 7.43 6.78 6.53 7.49 7.65 8.00 7.90 7.04 - 7.03 6.53 6.30 7.18 4.92 6.92 7.38 5.83 - 7.45 7.33 7.33 7.49 8.10 8.05 8.70 7.73 - 26 72 66 163 66 77 8.68 6.58 6.51 7.17 7.66 7.00 7.66 6.17 6.17 6.49 6.40 6.98 5.96 5.38 5.38 6.05 6.00 6.37 - Pacific Hourly earnings3 $6.40 6.05 5.76 5.76 5.76 1 See appendix A for definition of means, medians, and middle ranges. Medians and middle ranges are not provided for entries with fewer than 15 workers. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Middle West - - - - - Number of work Mean ers Hourly earnings3 Median Middle range $8.08 8.59 7.00 185 20 172 85 $7.90 8.30 7.88 7.59 $8.54 8.54 8.09 7.40 $6.96 7.74 7.04 7.10 7.61 7.33 6.15 6.02 7.72 19 37 77 20 47 6 65 129 8.11 10.62 6.07 9.88 6.43 7.71 6.95 5.85 8.54 11.63 7.10 11.63 6.08 7.26 6.16 7.04 9.00 5.19 7.37 5.70 7.10 5.10 11.59 6.41 6.17 7.56 9.54 7.71 81 77 17 251 114 122 6.87 6.84 6.97 7.69 8.06 7.61 7.26 7.26 7.26 8.09 8.54 8.09 6.84 6.84 7.26 6.49 7.10 6.33 _ - - - - - 3 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts, NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or data do not meet publication criteria. $8.63 8.54 8.63 8.09 8.65 11.63 7.23 11.63 7.25 7.29 6.73 7.29 7.26 7.26 8.63 8.63 8.09 Table 24. Occupational earnings for selected localities : Steel foundries (Percent distribution of production workers in selected occupations, selected localities, September 1979) Los Angeles-Long Beach Hourly earnings All pro duction workers Chippers and grinders1 Coremakers, hand Furnace tenders, electric Laborers, general foundry Mechanics, maintenance Molders, machine, squeeze W elders, hand Number of w o rkers................... Average hourly earnings2 ......... 1,967 $4.64 220 $5.06 45 $6.30 36 $5.43 51 $5.06 51 $6.92 19 $6.87 63 $6.15 T o ta l................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 $2.90 and under $3.00 ............. 5.4 - - - - - - - _ _ - _ - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 3.2 - _ _ _ _ 2.0 3.9 7.8 5.9 68.6 3.9 3.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 - - 1.6 1.6 1.6 - - - 31.6 15.8 42.1 - 15.9 76.2 - - - $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 11.1 9.0 5.7 3.1 2.3 2.5 1.3 2.1 1.6 1.9 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 $6.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.3 1.5 5.4 4.2 1.7 8.3 2.1 .5 .9 .5 .5 1.8 .9 16.4 4.5 48.6 - $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 $8.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 3.1 9.2 1.3 2.1 .4 1.7 1.4 1.3 .7 .8 $8.00 $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 and and and and and under under under under under $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 $9.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .1 .6 .1 .2 .1 $9.00 and o v e r.......................... .1 See footnotes at end of table. 3.2 5.0 3.2 2.3 1.8 .9 2.3 .9 3.2 _ - - 25.0 16.7 19.4 8.3 - - - .5 1.4 .5 .5 - 22.2 77.8 - _ _ - - 5.6 5.6 _ 13.9 5.6 15.7 51.0 2.0 13.7 2.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 11.8 - _ - - - - - 10.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Table 24. Occupational earnings for selected localities : Steel foundries— Continued (Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings2 in selected occupations, selected localities, September 1979) Milwaukee Hourly earnings All pro duction workers Chippers and grinders1 Coremakers, hand Laborers, general foundry Mechanics, maintenance Molders, machine, squeeze Pourers, metal Shakeout workers Number of w o rk e rs................... Average hourly earnings2 ......... 2,691 $7.31 210 $8.13 53 $8.42 87 $6.09 97 $7.77 38 $9.29 58 $6.90 75 $7.20 T o t a l................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $5.00 .............................. $5.00 and under $5.20 ............. $5.20 and under $5.40 ............. $5.40 and under $5.60 ............. $5.60 and under $5.80 ............. $5.80 and under $6.00 ............. 4.9 2.3 1.4 2.6 3.9 5.0 4.3 1.9 .5 7.1 1.4 3.3 1.9 1.9 3.8 3.8 2.3 1.1 17.2 43.7 _ - _ 5.3 2.6 1.7 6.9 1.7 3.4 5.2 2.7 5.3 2.7 5.3 1.7 5.2 3.4 8.6 5.2 13.8 6.9 9.3 4.0 1.3 5.3 18.7 4.0 2.7 4.0 - $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 $8.00 $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 $9.00 $9.20 $9.40 $9.60 $9.80 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 $8.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. $8.20 ............. $8.40 ............. $8.60 ............. $8.80 ............. $9.00 ............. $9.20 ............. $9.40 ............. $9.60 ............. $9.80 ............. $ 1 0 .0 0 ........... 5.4 5.1 3.5 6.9 9.8 6.2 3.8 3.6 5.8 3.6 3.8 3.3 2.4 12.4 3.3 1.4 2.4 1.4 3.3 2.4 2.7 2.3 1.6 2.0 2.7 1.6 1.2 .8 1.5 1.4 3.8 1.4 3.3 1.4 1.0 7.1 2.9 1.9 4.3 $ 1 0 .2 0 ......... $ 1 0 .4 0 ......... $ 1 0 .6 0 ......... $ 1 0 .8 0 ......... $ 1 1 .0 0 ......... $ 1 1 .2 0 ......... $ 1 1 .4 0 ......... $ 1 1 .6 0 ......... $ 1 1 .8 0 ......... $ 1 2 .0 0 ......... 1.0 .6 .6 .9 .3 .6 .6 .3 .8 .3 1.0 2.9 1.9 .5 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.9 $12.00 and over ....................... 1.4 7.6 $10.00 $10.20 $10.40 $10.60 $10.80 $11.00 $11.20 $11.40 $11.60 $11.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under See footnotes at end of table. _ 1.9 9.4 1.9 1.9 9.4 5.7 3.8 7.5 1.9 6.9 8.0 1.1 4.6 13.8 1.1 - - _ - _ _ 1.0 1.0 4.1 12.4 12.4 27.8 21.6 2.6 5.3 2.6 - 5.3 5.3 2.6 31.0 _ _ 1.9 1.9 1.9 3.8 3.8 1.9 1.9 - 1.0 6.2 6.2 6.2 - - - 5.7 1.9 _ _ - - - - - 5.7 _ 7.5 3.8 _ - _ _ _ _ _ 7.9 _ 5.3 _ - - - 5.3 15.8 - 3.8 - - 5.3 - 10.5 5.3 13.2 - - - 1.7 3.4 _ - _ 10.7 13.3 10.7 - - - _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - Table 24. Occupational earnings for selected localities : Steel foundries— Continued (Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings2 in selected occupations, selected localities, September 1979) Pittsburgh Hourly earnings All pro duction workers Chippers and grinders1 Coremakers, hand Laborers, general foundry Mechanics, maintenance Molders floor Pourers, metal W elders, hand Number of w o rkers................... Average hourly earnings1 2 ......... 1,848 $7.91 308 $7.78 21 $8.51 67 $7.22 27 $8.19 87 $8.66 15 $8.99 110 $8.06 T o ta l................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $6.00 ............................. .3 - - 4.5 - - - - _ _ 14.3 4.8 19.0 - _ _ _ 6.0 35.8 - 14.8 11.1 22.2 - _ 21.8 1.1 9.2 _ 14.5 .9 .9 50.9 1.8 $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 $8.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .6 1.4 2.2 4.1 8.4 8.3 11.6 10.9 12.9 4.0 8.8 2.6 21.4 18.8 17.9 3.2 1.3 $8.00 $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 $9.00 $° 20 $9.40 $9.60 $9.80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $8.20 ............. $8.40 ............. $8.60 ............. $8.80 ............. $9.00 ............. $9.20 ............. $9.40 ............. $9.60 ............. $9.80 ............. $ 1 0 .0 0 ........... 6.5 3.9 3.7 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.3 1.4 2.1 1.9 2.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.6 3.2 1.3 4.9 1.6 under $ 1 0 .2 0 ......... under $ 1 0 .4 0 ......... under $ 1 0 .6 0 ......... under $ 1 0 .8 0 ......... under $ 1 1 .0 0 ......... over ....................... .8 2.2 .5 1.0 1.1 1.4 .6 .6 .6 1.3 .6 .3 $10.00 $10.20 $10.40 $10.60 $10.80 $11.00 and and and and and and - 41.8 6.0 - _ _ 3.0 3.0 - 14.8 3.7 33.3 - 6.9 13.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17.2 6.9 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.1 _ - _ 6.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28.6 4.8 9.5 19.0 1 Includes workers classified separately as chippers, grinders, and combination of chippers and grinders. 2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 19.5 - 40.0 - _ - 1.8 1.8 .9 7.3 2.7 2.7 2.7 .9 1.8 _ _ - 46.7 - .9 7.3 - - - - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Table 25. Steel foundries: Occupational averages by size of community (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Metropolitan areas Occupation Arc-air s c a r fe r s ......................................... Chippers and grinders3 ............................. Grinders .................................................. Chippers and g rin d ers............................ Core assemblers and fin is h e rs ................. Coremakers, hand3 .................................... Bench ...................................................... Coremakers, machine3 .............................. Core-blowing machine ........................... Crane operators, electric b rid g e ............... Under 20 t o n s ......................................... 20 tons and o v e r .................................... Electricians, maintenance ........................ Furnace tenders, electric ......................... Furnace tenders’ helpers ......................... Inspectors, class A .................................... Inspectors, class B .................................... Inspectors, class C ................................... Laborers, general fo u n d ry ........................ Mechanics, g e n e ra l................................... Mechanics, m aintenance.......................... Molders, flo o r ............................................ Molders, hand, b e n c h ............................... Molders, machine, semi-automatic .......... Patternmakers, m e ta l................................ Patternmakers, w o o d ................................ Pourers, metal .......................................... Repairers, wood p a tte rn s......................... Sand- or shot-blast o p e rato rs................... Sand m ix e rs .............................................. Shakeout workers ..................................... Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs................................... Truckers, power3 ........................................ F o rk lift..................................................... Welders, hand3 ......................................... Repairers ................................................ Number Average hourly of work ers earnings Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Metropolitan areas Number of work ers Average hourly earnings Average hourly earnings 496 5,511 1,877 2,495 347 954 490 649 469 1,515 824 691 646 619 390 461 855 494 2,948 451 1,249 854 150 1,042 235 305 857 201 463 412 781 $7.37 7.12 6.72 7.29 7.07 7.77 7.74 7.82 7.67 7.33 7.01 7.71 8.44 7.40 6.46 7.37 7.08 5.77 6.12 7.26 7.77 7.55 8.79 7.77 10.71 9.40 6.85 6.90 6.90 6.51 6.77 73 571 81 396 76 80 41 49 29 95 55 40 71 69 51 35 63 39 263 41 127 32 29 173 15 38 93 24 111 40 87 $6.13 5.34 5.62 4.90 5.47 7.03 6.15 5.76 5.31 5.61 5.44 5.84 6.55 5.91 6.24 6.83 6.02 5.11 5.00 6.51 6.50 7.39 5.90 6.72 7.63 6.35 6.12 6.08 5.88 5.55 5.03 94 68 17 14 23 38 26 24 31 12 $5.45 5.14 6.89 7.00 6.05 4.69 5.07 6.68 _ 5.76 5.65 7.17 6.85 6.68 7.42 7.34 39 96 96 277 194 4.56 5.34 5.34 6.45 6.16 38 - 6.49 - _ 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. Southwest Nonmetropolitan areas Number of work ers 349 . 979 799 2,265 1,045 Southeast New England United States1 2 Number of work ers _ ! Average hourly earnings Number of work ers Average hourly earnings Number of work ers Average hourly earnings Number of work ers Average hourly earnings Number of work ers Average hourly earnings 17 58 84 24 19 124 39 72 67 9 42 23 24 - $5.79 6.78 5.93 6.27 5.36 4.32 6.45 _ 6.45 6.36 _ 6.95 5.44 5.44 5.55 _ 25 402 150 126 27 54 40 81 81 51 35 50 58 25 389 44 90 _ 20 103 84 49 31 38 44 $5.80 5.10 5.17 5.08 5.28 5.76 5.30 5.95 5.95 6.92 5.95 5.03 5.98 4.27 4.41 6.65 6.46 6.15 5.27 5.28 5.50 5.05 5.09 5.03 203 2,023 519 1,174 168 384 222 230 207 591 306 285 290 195 122 218 593 246 1,204 189 526 133 21 440 131 121 380 83 184 142 249 $7.93 7.95 7.41 8.54 7.66 8.29 8.22 7.79 7.74 7.60 7.26 7.96 8.79 7.70 7.20 7.42 7.04 5.94 6.50 7.33 8.15 8.10 6.60 8.74 11.61 10.37 7.34 7.14 7.09 6.64 7.51 21 276 123 115 29 75 55 27 23 81 44 34 24 24 39 165 92 87 55 22 71 12 32 38 47 $7.34 7.77 8.29 6.18 7.10 8.15 8.14 7.19 7.28 7.00 7.52 7.47 7.73 7.04 8.67 5.89 7.52 7.67 7.55 8.01 6.58 6.36 6.24 6.39 6.82 110 892 494 319 12 163 64 69 45 144 98 40 160 62 77 36 66 362 54 169 185 172 37 77 20 47 65 129 $7.21 6.35 6.11 6.76 6.59 7.62 8.05 8.15 8.19 7.17 7.14 8.83 7.18 5.86 8.21 7.90 5.04 6.32 8.31 7.67 7.90 7.88 10.62 6.07 9.88 6.43 6.95 5.85 14 23 16 88 - 5.52 5.48 5.49 6.14 - 47 95 82 270 150 5.19 5.09 5.08 5.80 6.28 133 460 400 962 344 7.73 7.03 7.01 7.97 7.65 26 50 129 66 8.68 7.19 7.25 7.66 81 77 251 114 6.87 6.84 7.69 8.06 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 26. Steel foundries: Occupational averages by size of establishment (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States2 Middle Atlantic Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle West 50-249 workers 250 workers or more Pacific Establishments with— Occupation 50-249 workers Num ber of work ers Arc-air s c a r fe r s ...................................... Carpenters, m ain te n an ce...................... Chippers and grinders ........................... C h ip p e rs ............................................... G r in d e r s ............................................... Chippers and g rin d ers......................... Core assem blers and fin is h e rs.............. Coremakers, h a n d .................................. Bench ................................................... F lo o r ........................... ......................... Bench and flo o r ................................... Coremakers, machine3 ........................... Core-blowing machine ........................ Crane operators, electric b rid g e ............ Under 20 t o n s ..................................... 20 tons and o v e r ................................. Electricians, maintenance ...................... Furnace tenders, electric ...................... Furnace tenders’ h e lp e r s ...................... Helpers, trades, m ain tenan ce................ Inspectors, class A ................................ inspectors, class B ................................ inspectors, class C ................................ Laborers, general fo u n d ry ..................... Laborers, material handling ................... Machinists, m ain te nan ce....................... Mechanics, g e n e ra l................................ Mechanics, m aintenance....................... Molders, flo o r ......................................... Molders, hand, b e n c h ............................ Molders, machine, au to m atic................. Molders, machine, semi-automatic3 ...... Jarring .................................................. Roll-over .............................................. Squeeze ............................................... Patternmakers, m e ta l............................. Patternmakers, w o o d ............................. Pourers, metal ....................................... Repairers, wood p a tte rn s...................... Sand- or shot-blast o pe rato rs................ Sand-slinger operators .......................... Sand mixers ........................................... Shakeout workers .................................. See footnotes at end of table. 250 workers or more Aver Num age ber of hourly work earn ers ings Aver age hourly earn ings 143 $6.39 426 $7.48 10 6.20 109 8.16 1,919 5.94 4,163 7.42 274 5.99 959 7.79 606 5.79 1,352 7.07 1,039 6.01 1,852 7.49 141 5.64 282 7.35 290 6.74 744 8.09 153 6.57 378 8.04 19 6.03 215 8.52 118 7.08 151 7.60 77 6.52 621 7.81 57 6.26 441 7.70 258 6.60 1,352 7.35 166 6.83 713 6.93 92 6.18 639 7.81 90 7.48 627 8.37 254 6.40 434 7.74 158 5.60 283 6.90 29 4.87 151 6.26 46 6.66 450 7.40 110 6.76 808 7.04 135 5.00 398 5.96 752 5.27 2,459 6.27 107 6.25 439 8.02 68 6.88 288 9.26 147 7.03 345 7.27 300 6.85 1,076 7.88 291 6.97 595 7.83 77 5.56 102 10.40 36 7.24 145 6.82 410 7.27 805 7.81 53 9.70 76 7.84 91 6.21 288 7.22 200 7.31 266 7.78 29 7.99 221 10.85 71 7.47 272 9.47 351 599 7.21 6.03 62 6.13 163 7.07 154 5.61 420 7.10 34 6.31 7.85 231 145 5.86 ^ 307 6.70 211 657 6.86 5.77 50-249 workers Num ber of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings _ _ - - 329 $5.85 - - 123 151 55 36 - 10 5.84 5.85 6.01 6.76 6.85 - - - - ~ - 9 - 7.52 - 6 40 28 6.69 6.69 5.65 250 workers or more Num ber of work ers - - - - 66 113 50 481 25 - 5.84 - 63 5.82 Aver Num age ber of hourly work earn ers ings 91 $7.57 34 9.15 987 8.10 467 8.84 345 7.42 175 7.47 43 7.84 135 8.10 46 8.01 63 8.57 26 7.14 203 9.17 123 8.44 434 7.87 163 7.52 271 8.07 175 8.76 94 8.32 53 7.70 - 50-249 workers _ 7.98 7.27 6.87 7.23 Aver age hourly earn ings 50-249 workers Aver Aver Num Num Num age age ber of ber of ber of hourly hourly work work work earn earn ers ers ers ings ings 18 $5.39 - - 151 - 137 16 26 14 _ - 25 20 4.85 4.96 4.67 6.07 - 5.97 - - 5.81 5.86 - _ - 123 4.66 95 5.06 17 4.88 21 4.99 21 4.99 _ _ _ - 18 16 17 $5.39 - _ - 250 workers or more 20 20 - - _ 5.39 5.39 _ _ _ - - - - - - _ _ _ 211 4.06 _ $5.32 5.58 5.35 5.90 6.28 5.76 _ _ _ _ 74 6.07 74 6.07 _ _ 17 6.65 23 5.68 20 4.43 5.94 4.93 5.04 4.44 362 123 114 19 42 25 _ _ _ _ 8 61 - _ _ - _ 43 26 30 7 50 24 _ 7.28 6.72 5.43 5.17 6.00 5.71 _ 215 4.83 - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ 15 - 7.93 - 71 _ - 32 6.95 _ _ - - 7.18 - - - - - - - - 12 26 - - 17 - 5.74 - 10 21 120 - 6.25 6.30 8.28 8.24 - - _ - - 7.88 7.69 27 - 9.81 8.72 8.52 - 109 41 70 193 8.25 9.39 7.33 7.56 _ 6.17 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 5.38 _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 _ 5.69 _ - - 5.19 - 10 11 14 - 5.15 4.92 _ - 9 4.10 12 4.14 _ _ _ 19 70 37 29 - - 5.82 5.97 25 5.71 44 6.15 9 4.09 5.25 - - 22 71 6 6.36 20 4.78 - 26 39 6.96 109 6.79 _ 18 6.52 - - 60 68 108 6.10 - 44 _ - 46 7.39 5.81 33 - 192 183 - - 8.33 5.52 5.64 5.39 - 32 38 5.45 5.35 Aver age hourly earn ings 192 $7.90 57 7.77 1,712 8.07 266 7.18 417 7.83 1,029 8.40 187 7.35 371 8.25 226 8.20 97 8.58 _ _ 215 7.67 198 7.71 583 7.44 297 6.96 286 7.95 287 8.69 159 7.85 115 7.28 86 6.46 229 7.40 575 6.97 216 6.21 1,222 6.48 266 7.75 144 8.63 177 7.36 445 8.35 97 7.59 _ 48 467 _ _ 7.42 8.17 _ 153 7.23 163 8.46 140 11.40 113 10.66 278 7.84 71 7.14 217 7.02 118 8.44 121 6.82 242 7.31 Num ber of work ers _ Aver age hourly earn ings 41 $6.69 _ 275 100 74 30 88 _ _ _ 7.70 _ 8.64 6.05 7.71 8.52 _ _ 24 20 104 54 7.30 7.43 6.58 7.14 _ _ _ 52 22 26 6.89 7.23 6.92 50-249 workers Num ber of work ers _ _ _ 66 52 71 38 _ _ _ _ 7.86 _ 159 17 _ 5.65 7.82 _ _ _ _ _ 31 78 64 6.98 8.14 7.04 7.02 _ 7.45 6.37 6.52 _ _ 8.24 7.44 6.76 _ 39 _ 7.47 _ 9 6.35 _ _ _ _ 33 38 12 16 10 26 35 6.99 6.66 6.36 6.71 5.68 6.58 6.76 62 $7.52 _ 465 _ 313 _ _ 60 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 _ _ 64 _ 16 41 _ 7.67 _ _ 7.42 _ 9.29 6.94 _ 24 _ 38 51 6.68 5.95 _ _ 7.28 _ 19 89 24 8.79 7.62 6.40 75 21 8.23 8.22 170 6.09 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 7.86 49 8.40 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6.26 _ _ _ _ _ _ 6.42 _ 6.04 _ _ 8.44 _ _ 78 6.63 5.52 _ _ _ _ 15 21 192 _ 137 79 _ _ _ _ _ 53 6.28 6.25 6.23 6.37 6.59 7.14 7.83 _ 6.68 _ _ _ _ Aver Aver Num age age ber of hourly hourly work earn earn ers ings ings 48 $6.82 _ 427 79 181 167 12 103 41 _ 62 250 workers or more _ 23 6.60 27 78 7.32 5.78 _ _ Table 26. Steel foundries: Occupational averages by size of establishment— Continued (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States2 Southeast Middle Atlantic Southwest Great Lakes Middle West 50-249 workers 250 workers or more Pacific Establishments with— Occupation 50-249 workers Num ber of work ers Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs................................ Truckers, p o w e r...................................... F o rk lift.................................................. Other than fo rk lift................................ Tumbler o p e ra to rs.................................. Welders, h a n d ......................................... A s s e m b le rs.......................................... R e p a ire rs ............................................. Combination ......................................... Aver Num age ber of hourly work earn ers ings 122 $6.37 137 5.85 125 5.79 12 6.47 65 5.86 546 6.53 46 6.80 316 6.41 184 6.68 50-249 workers 250 workers or more Aver Num age ber of hourly work earn ers ings 266 $7.16 938 6.84 770 6.66 168 7.69 104 7.48 1,996 7.52 427 7.52 923 7.42 646 7.68 Aver age hourly earn ings Num ber of work ers 21 $6.99 10 7.19 9 7.13 - - - - - - 34 409 129 194 86 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. Aver age hourly earn ings Num ber of work ers 191 $7.73 104 7.09 - - 50-249 workers 250 workers or more - 8.17 7.78 8.21 8.18 6.22 - 13 $5.22 12 5.23 - - - 34 17 - Aver age hourly earn ings 5.33 5.46 - 50-249 workers 250 workers or more Aver Aver Num Num Num age age ber of ber of ber of hourly hourly work work work earn earn ers ers ers ings ings - 21 $4.93 20 4.96 43 5.57 28 6.06 - 33 $5.30 91 5.18 79 5.19 293 6.11 188 6.57 - Aver age hourly earn ings 112 $7.34 7.01 461 401 6.98 60 7.22 889 8.01 202 7.91 299 7.54 - Num ber of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings 66 $6.57 63 6.50 121 65 - 7.25 7.71 - 50-249 workers Num ber of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings 9 $7.54 30 6.52 26 6.40 120 7.10 44 7.18 66 7.20 250 workers or more Aver Num age ber of hourly work earn ers ings 51 $7.07 51 7.07 - 131 70 - 8.23 8.61 - NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 27. Steel foundries: Occupational averages by labor-management contract coverage (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States2 Middle Atlantic Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Establishments with- Occupation Majority of workers rowereH Number of workers Arc-air s c a r fe r s ......................................... Carpenters, m a in te n an ce......................... Chippers and grinders .............................. C h ip p e rs ................................................. G rin d e rs ................................................. Chippers and g rin d ers............................ Core assem blers and fin ish e rs................. Coremakers, h a n d .................................... Bench ..................................................... F lo o r ....................................................... Bench and flo o r ..................................... Coremakers, machine3 .............................. Core-blowing machine ........................... Crane operators, electric bridge3 ............. Under 20 t o n s ........................................ Electricians, maintenance ........................ Furnace tenders, electric ......................... Furnace tenders’ h e lp e r s ......................... Helpers, trades, m aintenance.................. Inspectors, class A ................................... Inspectors, class B ................................... Inspectors, class C .................................. Laborers, general fo u n d ry ........................ Laborers, material handling ..................... Mechanics, g e n e ra l.................................. Mechanics, m ain tenan ce.......................... Molders, flo o r ............................................ Molders, machine, semi-automatic3 ......... Squeeze ................................................. Patternmakers, m e ta l................................ Patternmakers, w o o d ................................ Pourers, metal .......................................... Repairers, wood p a tte rn s......................... Sand- or shot-blast o perato rs.................. Sand-slinger operators ............................. Sand m ix e rs .............................................. Shakeout workers .................................... Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs .................................. Truckers, p o w e r........................................ F o rk lift................................................ Other than fo rk lift.......................... *...... See footnotes at end of table. Average hourly earnings 484 98 5,132 1,230 1,354 2,548 358 948 463 225 260 592 449 1,524 805 649 532 342 121 401 806 420 2,761 502 386 1,279 786 1,017 407 199 307 795 184 435 255 390 725 $7.29 8.34 7.21 7.40 7.21 7.12 7.07 7.77 7.73 8.32 7.37 7.94 7.57 7.28 6.95 8.31 7.49 6.74 6.67 7.28 299 997 824 173 None or minority of workers covered Number of workers 85 21 950 Average hourly earnings Number of workers 5.97 6.27 7.91 7.22 7.68 7.72 7.76 7.54 10.90 9.15 6.89 6.93 7.00 7.64 6.50 6.85 604 343 65 86 68 9 9 106 49 86 74 68 156 99 59 95 112 113 450 44 106 97 100 198 59 51 36 155 41 139 10 62 143 5.46 5.73 5.17 7.07 6.87 8.17 7.47 6.17 7.15 6.30 6.46 7.77 6.43 5.37 4.75 7.57 6.22 4.78 4.59 5.03 7.10 7.37 6.17 6.93 7.85 9.04 8.24 6.21 6.28 5.78 7.92 5.98 5.31 104 36 1,283 522 435 326 98 171 70 65 36 205 125 487 172 181 130 77 _ 69 127 47 541 60 254 254 152 12 66 80 125 112 51 80 214 7.29 6.82 6.64 7.66 89 78 71 7 5.62 5.42 5.33 6.33 69 201 113 - 7 .1 2 - $6.75 6.43 5.55 - None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Average hourly earnings $7.28 8.94 7.64 8.52 7.27 6.72 6.81 7.82 7.53 8.55 7.06 9.16 8.43 7.67 7.52 8.69 7.93 7.14 _ 7.51 7.70 7.09 - 7.95 7.22 7.13 7.09 7.51 7.81 7.88 7.74 6.23 9.76 8.52 8.19 8.45 8.71 7.19 7.44 Number of work ers 17 - - $5.79 - - - - 55 - _ _ 84 _ _ 23 18 13 _ _ _ 119 26 36 _ 64 65 27 _ 42 23 - 23 14 22 16 - Aver age hourly earn ings 6.82 _ _ _ 5.93 _ _ 6.19 5.25 4.69 _ _ _ 4.29 5.16 6.30 _ 6.33 6.41 6.69 _ _ 5.44 _ 5.44 _ 5.44 _ 5.52 5.50 5.49 - Number of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings 37 381 57 199 32 55 38 _ _ _ 92 92 46 40 36 _ 57 22 8 264 _ _ $6.17 5.37 6.26 5.32 5.66 6.22 5.85 _ _ _ _ 126 _ 6.75 _ 5.89 6.04 _ Number of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings 186 42 1,996 357 497 1,142 160 388 220 98 _ $7.91 8.43 7.87 6.86 7.48 8.35 7.71 8.08 7.96 8.30 _ 220 194 557 266 291 194 124 _ 7.57 7.49 7.60 7.22 8.64 7.56 7.16 _ 28 43 6.85 5.44 5.57 5.40 _ 5.43 5.33 219 575 244 1,215 291 196 497 127 474 222 125 119 394 80 187 125 150 251 7.29 7.03 5.95 6.50 7.89 7.29 8.12 8.11 8.38 8.20 11.78 10.40 7.25 6.93 6.94 8.20 6.43 7.32 37 100 87 - 5.37 5.15 5.15 - 123 460 403 57 7.55 7.03 7.00 7.27 _ 79 50 15 71 38 28 _ 5.99 5.99 6.89 6.40 5.45 _ 5.96 5.70 5.60 4.84 _ _ Number of work ers _ 38 Majority of workers covered Aver age hourly earn ings Number of work ers $7.39 _ _ 41 Aver age hourly earn ings $6.69 _ 298 _ 6.18 _ 305 _ 7.55 _ 43 255 _ 40 34 6 _ 36 34 76 64 31 39 38 _ 6.76 6.08 _ 7.96 7.68 9.59 101 101 43 97 56 _ 8.62 6.07 7.06 8.32 8.29 _ 7.42 7.48 6.42 6.62 7.71 6.21 6.65 12 28 24 113 54 55 25 28 7.16 7.23 7.32 6.59 7.14 6.89 7.21 6.90 _ 25 53 29 155 32 _ 8.00 6.45 5.26 5.06 5.04 _ 68 11 7.21 7.63 _ 19 8.03 47 27 90 6.89 6.80 6.31 21 60 6.84 5.76 33 45 6.28 5.53 _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ 54 7.84 169 18 5.69 7.75 137 102 48 14 6.98 7.79 7.24 6.32 37 60 12 30 10 33 48 7.00 6.44 6.36 6.28 5.68 6.38 6.57 22 68 65 8.87 6.57 6.50 Number of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings 85 $7.20 591 79 193 319 12 143 44 _ 6.60 6.25 6.48 6.76 6.59 7.70 8.52 80 61 7.10 8.31 144 98 28 79 31 7.17 7.14 8.84 7.73 6.90 _ _ _ _ _ 19 58 308 8.84 5.02 6.56 31 153 173 148 61 8.24 7.66 7.95 8.00 7.76 _ 57 20 34 6 57 86 5.73 9.88 6.54 7.71 6.95 6.22 81 77 6.87 6.84 _ Table 27. Steel foundries: Occupational averages by labor-management contract coverage— Continued (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Middle Atlantic United States1 2 Southeast Southwest Pacific Middle West Great Lakes Establishments with- Occupation Tumbler o p e ra to rs..................................... Welders, hand3 ......................................... Repairers ................................................ Combination ........................................... Majority of workers covered None or minority of workers covered Aver Number age of work hourly ers earn ings Number of work ers 150 2,280 1,057 783 $7.10 7.38 7.20 7.52 19 262 182 47 Aver age hourly earn ings $4.91 6.75 6.89 6.45 Number of work ers 38 473 239 105 Aver age hourly earn ings $8.11 7.56 7.76 6.32 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. None or minority of workers covered Majority of workers covered Number of work ers _ 88 Aver age hourly earn ings _ $6.14 - - - - Number of work ers _ 327 216 - Aver age hourly earn ings _ $6.10 6.51 - Number of work ers 73 959 330 - Aver age hourly earn ings $7.00 7.88 7.29 - Number of work ers _ 124 118 - Aver age hourly earn ings _ $6.95 7.03 - Majority of workers covered Number of work ers _ 148 65 63 Aver age hourly earn ings _ $7.13 7.71 6.82 Number of work ers _ 217 80 122 Aver age hourly earn ings _ $7.65 8.11 7.61 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 28. Steel foundries: Occupational averages by method of wage payment (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States1 2 Timeworkers Occupation Number of work ers Arc-air s c a r fe r s ......................................... Chippers and grinders .............................. C h ip p e rs .................................................. Grinders .................................................. Chippers and g rin d ers............................ Core assem blers and fin is h e rs ................. Coremakers, h a n d .................................... Bench ..................................................... F lo o r ....................................................... Bench and flo o r ..................................... Coremakers, machine3 .............................. Core-blowing machine ........................... Turn-over-draw m a c h in e ........................ Crane operators, electric b rid g e ............... Under 20 t o n s ........................................ 20 tons and o v e r ................................... Furnace tenders, electric ......................... Furnace tenders’ h e lp e r s ......................... Inspectors, class A ................................... Inspectors, class B ................................... Inspectors, class C .................................. Laborers, general fo u n d ry ........................ Mechanics, m ain tenan ce.......................... Molders, flo o r ............................................ Molders, machine, au to m atic................... Molders, machine, semi-automatic3 ......... Jarring .................................................... Roll-over ................................................. Squeeze .................................................. Other (single) machine .......................... Pourers, metal .......................................... Sand- or shot-blast o pe rato rs.................. Sand-slinger operators ............................. Sand m ix e rs .............................................. Shakeout workers .................................... Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine o p e ra to rs.................................. Tumbler o p e ra to rs.................................... Welders, hand3 ......................................... A s s e m b le rs ............................................. Repairers ................................................ Aver age hourly earn ings Middle Atlantic Incentive workers Number of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings Timeworkers Number of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings 386 4,079 642 1,575 1,862 277 529 239 91 199 444 329 73 1,371 756 615 608 390 473 840 498 3,130 1,277 672 157 638 46 159 264 30 784 422 142 389 715 $6.57 6.04 6.03 6.11 5.97 5.79 6.88 6.66 6.93 7.11 6.66 6.87 6.02 6.93 6.69 7.21 7.00 6.09 7.28 6.88 5.60 6.00 7.51 7.13 6.58 7.01 7.23 6.31 6.90 6.77 6.41 5.98 6.35 6.19 6.27 183 2,003 591 383 1,029 146 505 292 143 70 254 169 38 239 123 116 80 51 23 78 35 81 99 214 24 577 83 220 202 49 166 152 123 63 153 $8.57 8.82 8.87 8.96 8.74 8.67 8.58 8.39 9.19 8.12 9.43 8.82 8.81 8.95 8.24 9.70 9.18 9.07 8.45 8.40 7.41 7.46 9.57 8.86 9.02 8.30 9.36 7.46 8.47 8.97 8.50 8.73 9.16 7.90 8.14 69 817 161 384 272 69 104 46 24 34 375 146 229 109 69 68 134 38 481 173 191 97 12 65 53 26 62 167 $6.25 6.27 6.67 6.20 6.12 6.04 6.87 6.71 6.99 7.00 7.15 7.34 7.03 7.19 6.45 7.83 6.97 6.41 6.99 6.89 7.19 6.57 6.23 6.55 5.48 6.85 6.80 6.99 292 101 1,580 290 884 6.27 5.75 6.64 6.54 6.70 96 68 962 183 355 8.86 8.50 8.41 8.89 8.30 30 28 363 67 191 6.60 6.41 6.85 7.06 7.06 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. Southwest Incentive workers Number of work ers 35 499 361 84 29 24 118 25 12 81 63 55 - Aver age hourly earn ings $9.30 9.62 9.35 10.69 8.64 9.10 10.71 10.64 10.12 9.77 9.98 9.79 - 18 73 25 18 47 - 9.62 9.68 10.64 8.55 9.03 Timeworkers Number of work ers 43 444 118 205 33 49 46 76 76 49 45 50 24 26 426 127 30 86 - 31 42 86 33 - 33 37 49 - - 115 62 53 9.75 9.45 10.10 Great Lakes - 288 168 Aver age hourly earn ings Timeworkers Number of work ers $5.60 4.97 4.61 5.18 5.13 5.50 5.41 5.64 5.64 6.23 4.72 5.70 5.49 4.17 4.45 6.75 5.84 4.83 4.96 5.12 5.28 4.92 4.99 4.79 112 990 224 335 431 115 110 126 535 262 273 184 135 232 574 253 1,358 547 91 46 195 360 208 38 138 241 5.18 5.80 110 26 349 215 - 6.22 - Aver age hourly earn ings $6.88 6.46 6.10 7.01 6.23 5.86 6.89 6.84 7.26 6.87 7.64 7.05 6.71 7.29 6.93 5.79 6.34 7.99 7.42 6.80 7.94 Incentive workers Number of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings 7.08 6.35 6.60 6.16 6.74 112 1,304 205 966 93 318 226 70 130 105 98 68 49 27 54 47 416 73 164 157 81 69 96 33 70 $8.76 8.55 8.10 8.70 8.76 8.47 8.20 9.25 8.24 8.27 8.54 7.99 8.40 8.67 7.56 9.34 8.29 9.53 7.34 8.68 7.83 7.89 8.83 7.79 7.97 6.71 4.97 6.68 6.58 46 734 233 8.65 8.29 7.82 - Middle West Pacific Timeworkers Timeworkers Number of work ers _ 184 61 110 23 27 20 23 19 102 43 59 28 22 39 183 143 45 35 9 17 59 28 10 34 33 15 - - _ $6.11 6.16 6.11 5.93 6.41 6.39 6.45 6.40 6.12 6.17 6.08 6.74 5.87 6.30 5.73 7.01 6.60 6.27 - - _ Aver age hourly earn ings 98 Number of work ers 110 892 79 494 319 12 163 64 80 69 45 144 98 160 62 77 36 66 362 169 185 20 156 - 6.35 6.33 6.17 5.73 5.68 5.96 5.45 - 6.25 6.56 _ - - 69 77 47 6 65 129 17 251 _ 114 Aver age hourly earn ings $7.21 6.35 6.25 6.11 6.76 6.59 7.62 8.05 7.10 8.15 8.19 7.17 7.14 7.18 5.86 8.21 7.90 5.04 6.32 7.67 7.90 8.30 7.97 7.73 6.07 6.43 7.71 6.95 5.85 6.97 7.69 _ 8.06 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 29. Method of wage pay merit— All foundries (Percent of production workers in establishments by method of wage payment,1 United States and selected regions, September 1979 Method of wage payment United States1 2 New England Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Mountain Pacific All w o rk e rs ................................................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Time-rated workers3 ........................................ Formal p la n s ................................................. Single r a t e .................................................. Range of ra te s ........................................... Individual rates ............................................. 80 77 46 30 3 82 72 13 59 10 70 68 41 27 2 67 65 61 5 2 89 85 29 56 4 78 66 6 60 12 79 78 59 20 (4) 75 68 16 52 7 87 82 40 43 5 98 86 46 40 12 Incentive w o rk e rs ............................................ Individual piecew ork..................................... Group p ie c e w o rk .......................................... Individual b o n u s ............................................ Group b o n u s ................................................. 20 10 3 5 3 18 18 30 14 10 2 3 33 9 3 16 6 11 4 1 4 3 22 10 1 10 1 21 10 2 5 3 25 15 O 2 8 13 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 - (4) For definition of method of wage payment, see appendix A. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Includes data for workers on stint work not shown separately. Less than 0.5 percent. - - 8 4 1 1 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Table 30. Scheduled weekly hours— All foundries (Percent of production workers in establishments by scheduled weekly hours,1 United States and selected regions, September 1979) Weekly hours All w o rk e rs ................................................... Under 40 h o u r s ............................................... 40 h o u rs ....................... .................................. Over 40 and under 45 h o u rs........................... 45 h o u rs .......................................................... Over 45 hours ................................................. United States2 100 2 91 1 3 2 New England Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Mountain Pacific 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 8 89 _ 5 73 5 18 - 1 97 7 87 - - - - 3 - 1 Data relate to the predominant schedule for full-time day-shift workers in each establishment. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 1 7 71 8 13 8 2 92 1 3 2 _ 92 4 4 - _ 100 - _ 97 - - - - 3 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Table 31. Shift differential provisions— All foundries (Percent of production workers in establishments by shift differential provisions,1 United States and selected regions, September 1979) United States2 New England Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Mountain Pacific Second shift Workers in establishments with second-shift p ro v isio n s.................................. With shift differential..................................... Uniform cents per hour ............................. Under 10 c e n t s ........................................ 10 c e n ts ................................................... 11 c e n ts ................................................... 12 c e n ts ................................................... 13 c e n ts ................................................... 14 c e n ts ................................................... 15 c e n ts ................................................... 16 c e n ts ................................................... 17 c e n ts ................................................... 18 c e n ts ................................................... 20 c e n ts ................................................... Over 20 and under 25 c e n ts ................. 25 c e n ts ................................................... Over 25 and under 30 c e n ts.................... 30 c e n ts ................................................... Over 30 and under 35 c e n ts.................... 35 c e n ts ................................................... Over 35 c e n t s ......................................... Uniform percentage ................................... 5 percent ................................................. 6 percent ................................................. 7 or 7.5 p e rc e n t....................................... 10 p e rc e n t............................................... 15 p e rc e n t............................................... Over 15 p erce nt....................................... Other formal paid differential..................... 96.8 95.6 73.3 16.4 13.7 .6 3.6 .1 2.4 16.1 4.0 .3 3.3 15.6 .7 4.6 .1 .7 .1 2.5 2.2 20.6 17.2 1.4 .6 1.0 .3 .1 1.8 83.3 82.0 64.4 2.0 2.0 8.6 34.0 5.4 7.6 6.7 17.6 9.1 8.4 - 95.4 95.4 89.0 10.9 10.9 6.9 2.8 19.1 2.7 .5 1.1 38.3 3.7 2.9 6.4 1.2 4.7 .5 - 95.9 95.9 68.0 6.8 1.1 2.2 5.9 53.1 _ 27.9 27.9 - 96.3 90.7 90.7 33.4 25.8 1.9 9.2 22.0 13.0 2.3 6.2 1.8 1.0 - 94.5 86.8 86.8 27.8 27.8 1.0 2.9 43.3 8.0 3.8 - 94.0 94.0 91.4 30.9 20.4 28.9 _ 27.9 _ 3.7 _ _ _ _ 2.6 2.6 _ 94.0 94.0 71.0 2.5 2.5 25.8 _ 2.9 _ _ 17.0 _ 6.4 16.4 _ _ _ _ _ 23.0 23.0 _ - - - 98.8 98.5 64.4 12.1 9.7 .6 1.7 3.5 11.0 4.1 4.1 11.8 1.2 6.0 _ 4.6 3.7 33.2 31.3 .9 .5 .5 .8 - - 92.9 92.9 70.1 29.1 29.1 4.0 1.4 2.7 22.1 _ 5.5 _ 4.1 _ _ 1.1 _ 22.8 Third or other late shift Workers in establishments with thirdshift p rovisio n s............................................... With shift differential..................................... Uniform cents per hour ............................. Under 10 cents ........................................ 10 c e n ts ...... ............................................ 12 c e n ts .................................................. 13 cents .................. ................................. 14 c e n ts ................................................... 15 or 15.5 c e n t s ...................................... 16 c e n ts ........... ....................................... 17 c e n ts ................................................... 18 c e n ts ................................................... 19 c e n ts ................................................... 20 c e n ts ................................................... Over 20 and under 25 c e n ts .................... 25 c e n ts ............................................ ...... Over 25 and under 30 c e n ts.................... 91.0 91.0 70.5 .3 4.4 2.5 .1 .5 14.0 1.9 1.1 1.8 1.5 14.6 4.3 9.3 .6 55.8 55.8 43.6 - 90.8 90.8 86.0 6.2 .2 .4 10.6 1.1 .7 6.3 .6 15.3 5.6 19.0 - 93.6 93.6 65.7 3.9 1.8 _ 2.2 85.2 85.2 85.2 _ 3.7 2.5 .8 2.4 30.9 1.3 _ 33.4 8.0 1.2 1.0 79.7 79.7 79.7 _ 14.7 _ 95.2 95.2 65.0 _ 5.5 2.4 _ 92.4 92.4 84.4 5.1 5.3 _ _ 2.6 20.3 3.1 _ 36.0 12.0 - Shift differential See footnotes at end of table. - - - 5.6 9.2 - - _ 57.8 - - 35.4 1.0 7.7 12.3 - - 10.1 3.2 1.0 1.4 2.5 7.3 4.6 9.4 .5 80.9 80.9 57.9 _ _ _ _ 25.8 _ 6.4 17.0 87.1 87.1 57.9 _ 1.4 _ _ 17.0 _ _ 2.7 _ 20.8 5.2 4.1 - Table 31. Shift differential provisions— All foundries— Continued (Percent of production workers in establishments by shift differential provisions,1 United States and selected regions, September 1979) Shift differential Uniform cents per hour— Continued 30 c e n t s ................................................... Over 30 and under 35 c e n ts ................... 35 c e n t s ................................................... 40 c e n t s ................................................... 45 c e n t s ................................................... Over 50 c e n t s ......................................... Uniform percentage ................................... 5 percent ................................................. 6 percent ................................................. 10 percent ............................................... Over 10 and under 15 p e rc e n t................ Over 15 p erce n t....................................... Other formal paid differential..................... United States1 2 New England Middle Atlantic 8.5 .1 2.3 .2 .6 1.8 18.1 .3 1.4 16.1 .2 .1 2.3 28.8 - 18.8 1.2 - - 12.2 12.2 - 4.8 3.5 .8 .5 - 1 Refers to policies of establishments currently operating late shifts or having provisions covering late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Border States South east 27.9 27.9 - - - - - - South west Great Lakes 8.7 - 8.5 4.2 1.2 3.4 29.3 .9 28.4 .8 - - Middle West - 2.6 - Mountain 8.7 23.0 23.0 - - 2.6 5.4 - Pacific 5.5 1.1 - 29.3 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Table 32. Shift differential practices— All foundries (Percent of production workers in establishments employed on late shifts by amount of pay differential, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Shift differential United States1 New England Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Mountain Pacific 26.2 26.0 18.8 3.2 2.7 .2 1.0 <2) .8 4.1 1.2 <2) .9 4.4 .1 1.4 (2) .2 .6 .6 6.7 5.8 .5 .1 .2 (2) .5 16.3 16.0 13.7 .4 .4 1.0 8.7 .7 1.7 1.3 2.3 2.1 .2 - 22.7 22.7 21.8 2.6 2.6 1.5 .8 4.1 .7 .1 .4 10.1 .7 .8 1.0 .2 .8 - 31.2 31.2 20.7 .8 .1 .8 .5 18.6 10.5 10.5 - 23.5 22.5 22.5 7.6 6.9 .6 1.8 5.1 4.5 .2 2.1 .4 .3 - 26.0 24.5 24.5 6.2 6.2 .2 .9 13.6 3.1 .5 - 20.4 20.4 20.4 6.2 4.6 5.9 7.7 .6 - 31.1 31.1 24.9 12.5 .9 4.2 2.0 5.3 6.2 6.2 - - - - - 28.5 28.4 17.0 2.0 1.3 .2 .6 1.1 3.0 1.2 1.1 3.3 .2 2.1 1.2 1.0 11.2 10.6 .4 .1 .1 .3 - - 21.0 21.0 15.0 6.5 6.5 .2 .3 .7 5.8 .4 1.0 6.0 11.4 11.4 7.7 (2) .6 .6 (2) (2) 1.0 .1 (2) .1 .2 1.7 .4 1.2 (2) .9 5.5 5.5 4.5 - 11.0 11.0 10.9 _ .8 20.0 20.0 13.6 .3 .1 - 6.8 6.8 6.8 .1 14.2 14.2 14.2 _ 2.8 _ 12.5 12.5 7.1 .8 .8 _ .5 .1 .1 .3 .9 .4 .9 .9 6.3 6.3 6.3 _ .4 7.3 7.3 3.7 - - - S e con d shift Workers employed on second sh ift................. Receiving differential .................................... Uniform cents per hour ............................. Under 10 c e n t s ........................................ 10 c e n ts ................................................... 11 c e n ts ................................................... 12 c e n ts ................................................... 13 c e n ts ................................................... 14 c e n ts ................................................... 15 c e n ts ................................................... 16 c e n ts ................................................... 17 c e n ts ................................................... 18 c e n ts ................................................... 20 c e n ts ................................................... Over 20 and under 25 c e n ts .................... 25 c e n ts ................................................... Over 25 and under 30 c e n ts................... 30 c e n ts ................................................... 35 c e n ts ................................................... Over 35 c e n t s ......................................... Uniform percentage ................................... 5 percent ................................................. 6 percent ................................................. 7 or 7.5 p e rc e n t....................................... 10 percent ............................................... 15 percent ............................................... Other formal paid differential..................... Third shift Workers employed on third s h ift..................... Receiving differential .................................... Uniform cents per hour ............................. Under 10 c e n t s ........................................ 10 c e n ts ................................................... 12 c e n ts ................................................... 13 c e n ts .................................................. 14 c e n ts ................................................. . 15 or 15.5 cents ............................. ........ 16 c e n ts ................................................... 17 c e n ts ................................................... 18 c e n ts ................................................... 19 c e n ts ........................................ .......... 20 c e n ts ................................................... Over 20 and under 25 c e n ts .................... 25 c e n ts ................................................... Over 25 and under 30 c e n ts .................... 30 c e n ts ................................................... See footnotes at end of table. - .3 4.3 - _ (2) .5 .1 (2) .4 .1 1.5 .2 4.2 3.0 - .2 - - - - 1.5 - 8.0 .2 _ .8 2.3 .1 13.2 - (2) 3.1 1.6 .2 .1 - 8.0 8.0 2.1 - _ _ _ - - - 1.6 .3 3.1 .8 .7 3.0 - .3 _ .7 1.0 (2) .1 - - - (2) Table 32. Shift differential practices— All foundries— Continued (Percent of production workers in establishments employed on late shifts by amount of pay differential, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Shift differential Uniform cents per hour— Continued 35 c e n t s .................................................. 40 c e n t s .................................................. 45 c e n t s .................................................. Over 50 c e n t s ......................................... Uniform percentage ................................... 5 percent ................................................. 6 percent ................................................. 10 percent .......................................... Other formal paid differential..................... United States1 0.4 (2) (2) .3 3.3 (2) .2 3.0 .3 New England 1.0 1.0 ” Middle Atlantic 0.1 .1 .1 _ 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Less than 0.05 percent. Border States South east South west Great Lakes - - 0.8 (2) .6 5.5 5.5 ' ■ " 6.4 6.4 - Middle West - Pacific Mountain 3.6 3.6 - 5.9 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Table 33. Paid Holidays— All foundries (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Number of paid holidays United States1 New England Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Mountain Pacific All w o rk e rs .................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Workers in establishments providing paid h o lid a y s .................................. 5 days ........................................................... 6 days ........................................................... 6 days plus 1 or 2 half d a y s ......................... 7 days ........................................................... 7 days plus 1 or 2 half d a y s ......................... 8 days ........................................................... 9 days ........................................................... 9 days plus 1 or 2 half d a y s ......................... 10 days ......................................................... 10 days plus 1 or 2 half d a y s ...................... 11 d a y s ......................................................... 11 days plus 1 or 2 half d a y s ...................... 12 days ......................................................... 12 days plus 1 or 2 half d a y s ...................... 13 days ......................................................... 14 days ......................................................... 15 days ......................................................... 16 days ......................................................... 20 days ......................................................... O th e r ............................................................. 99 1 2 (2) 3 1 4 11 (2) 27 1 30 (2) 8 (2) 4 2 1 (2) 3 2 100 5 5 9 100 3 14 100 7 7 7 92 8 11 5 16 100 8 13 8 4 4 17 100 1 1 2 4 1 17 35 1 13 9 6 2 1 9 - 100 4 13 4 100 10 20 20 10 100 3 3 3 23 - - - 31 1 30 14 1 4 1 55 27 - - 33 47 - - 29 18 3 - - 17 17 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 11 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Less than 0.5 percent. 4 - 38 29 4 4 4 - 20 20 - - 28 3 36 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Table 34. Paid vacations—All foundries (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Vacation policy All w o rk ers................................................... New England Middle Atlantic Border States South east 100 100 100 100 100 100 72 28 100 73 27 - 100 78 20 1 100 93 7 - 69 20 7 1 1 77 23 - 64 24 9 1 46 27 22 3 1 59 14 27 - 10 11 57 18 2 1 14 86 - 2 (2) 62 23 9 2 82 5 14 United States1 South west Great Lakes Middle West Mountain Pacific 100 100 100 100 100 100 63 37 - 100 83 17 - 100 62 38 - 100 50 50 - 100 70 30 - 100 95 5 - 80 13 7 - 84 13 - 75 21 - 51 31 12 4 2 75 21 - 70 20 10 - 92 5 - 47 26 20 4 1 60 13 27 - 58 13 24 3 - 63 21 13 - 35 41 18 4 2 58 25 13 4 - 50 20 30 - 28 28 38 5 - 15 14 47 19 4 1 40 40 20 - 21 16 58 3 - 21 8 58 4 4 - 2 17 42 34 3 2 4 4 71 21 - 80 20 - 5 90 5 - 1 53 30 15 1 - 5 71 21 17 54 21 8 50 31 12 7 4 67 25 4 50 40 10 92 5 3 - 17 8 54 21 10 70 10 23 5 67 5 ~ - Method of payment Workers in establishments providing paid v a ca tio n s................................ Length-of-time payment ............................... Percentage paym ent..................................... O th e r..................... ....................................... Amount of vacation pay3 After 1 year of service: 1 w e e k .......................................................... Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ........................... 2 w e e k s ................... .................................... Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ........................... 3 weeks or m o re ................................ .......... After 2 years of service: 1 w e e k .......................................................... Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ........................... 2 weeks ........................................................ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ........................... 3 weeks or m o re .......................................... After 3 years of service: 1 w e e k .......................................................... Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ........................... 2 weeks ........................................................ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ........................... 3 weeks ........................................................ Over 3 weeks ............................................... After 5 years of service: 1 w e e k .......................................................... Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ........................... 2 w e e k s ........................................................ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ........................... 3 weeks ........................................................ Over 3 weeks ............................................... After 10 years of service: Under 2 w e e k s ............................................. 2 weeks ........................................................ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ........................... 3 w e e k s ........................................................ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ........................... 4 weeks ........................................................ Over 4 weeks ............................................... After 15 years of service: Under 2 weeks ............................................. 2 w e e k s ........................................................ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ........................... 3 w e e k s ........................................................ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ........................... 4 w e e k s ........................................................ Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ........................... <*> - - 2 11 8 53 20 3 3 - 23 18 55 5 - 64 18 18 1 4 1 40 21 24 5 l See footnotes at end of table. 1 7 5 47 26 9 4 1 1 27 22 31 11 73 13 13 _ _ - 20 - 60 13 7 13 21 8 54 4 8 13 8 61 11 - - - - - 13 53 20 7 - 5 13 3 42 13 18 3 8 21 4 46 17 4 I 3 10 46 36 1 5 ! 2 26 29 33 8 - - - 10 54 29 17 - 40 10 40 10 5 72 10 13 'i Table 34. Paid vacations— All foundries— Continued (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and selected regions, September 1979) Vacation policy Amount of vacation pay1 3— Continued 2 After 15 years of service:— Continued 5 weeks or m o r e .......................................... After 20 years of service: Under 3 w e e k s ............................................. 3 weeks ........................................................ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s .......................... 4 weeks ........................................................ Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s .......................... 5 weeks ........................................................ Over 5 and under 6 w e e k s .......................... 6 weeks or m o r e .......................................... After 25 years of service:4 Under 3 w e e k s ............................................. 3 weeks ........................................................ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s .......................... 4 weeks ........................................................ Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s .......................... 5 weeks ........................................................ Over 5 and under 6 w e e k s .......................... 6 weeks ........................................................ Over 6 weeks ............................................... United States1 New England Middle Atlantic Border States 3 - 5 14 4 43 14 15 2 3 32 64 5 - 3 4 1 39 24 18 4 7 13 60 13 7 7 5 10 2 30 8 29 8 4 3 27 50 18 5 - 3 4 22 15 27 14 9 7 13 27 13 40 7 - 7 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 Vacation payments, such as percent of annual earnings, were converted to an equivalent time basis. Periods of service were chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes indicated at 10 years 7 South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Mountain Pacific - 2 - - - 16 18 5 42 3 11 3 25 33 38 4 - 7 3 36 20 28 4 2 17 4 54 4 21 - 10 60 20 10 - 5 28 15 46 3 3 - 16 18 5 18 29 3 8 - 25 29 4 17 13 8 4 - 4 2 23 6 44 15 3 4 13 33 13 38 4 - 10 50 10 20 10 - 5 10 5 69 3 8 - 3 - may include changes that occurred between 5 and 10 years. 4 Vacation provisions were virtually the same after longer periods of service. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Table 35. Health, insurance ahd retirement plans— All foundries (Percent of production workers in establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,1 United States and selected regions, September 1979) Type of plan All w o rk e rs................................................... United States2 New England Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Mountain Pacific 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 89 100 77 100 100 100 100 97 84 96 75 98 90 100 71 90 60 97 95 88 79 100 77 77 77 80 80 82 68 79 67 94 86 100 71 60 40 97 95 82 78 71 91 91 68 91 84 82 87 80 80 76 76 74 58 54 42 98 97 89 88 83 58 70 50 50 33 26 26 5 9 12 - 3 - 1 4 - - Workers in establishments providing: Life insurance ............................................... Noncontributory p la n s ................................ Accidental death and dismemberment insurance .......................... Noncontributory p la n s ................................ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both3 .................................. Sickness and accident insurance............... Noncontributory p la n s ............................. Sick leave (full pay, no waiting period) ..................................... Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) ...................................... Long-term disability insu rance...................... Noncontributory p la n s ................................ Hospitalization insurance Covering employees o n ly ........................... Noncontributory p la n s ............................. Covering employees and dependents....... Noncontributory p la n s ............................. Noncontributory for employees; contributory for dependents................... Surgical insurance Covering employees o n ly ........................... Noncontributory p la n s ............................. Covering employees and dep end en ts....... Noncontributory p la n s ............................. Noncontributory for employees; contributory for dependents................... Medical insurance Covering employees o n ly ........................... Noncontributory p la n s ............................. Covering employees and d ependen ts....... Noncontributory p la n s ............................. Noncontributory for employees; contributory for dependents................... Major medical insurance Covering employees o n ly ........................... Noncontributory p la n s ............................. Covering employees and dep end en ts....... Noncontributory p la n s ............................. Noncontributory for employees; contributory for dependents................... Dental insurance .......................................... Retirement plans4 ......................................... P e n s io n s .................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 4 15 13 32 23 19 16 7 13 13 3 3 13 8 4 2 22 21 8 4 100 88 92 68 100 68 86 45 100 99 93 84 100 100 87 80 100 76 92 53 100 79 75 25 100 91 95 78 24 41 9 7 39 50 100 88 92 68 100 68 86 45 100 99 92 82 100 100 87 80 100 76 92 53 24 41 9 7 100 88 91 67 100 68 86 45 100 99 91 82 24 41 93 81 86 63 23 32 90 89 - 5 20 10 10 8 5 3 100 71 96 63 100 80 90 30 100 95 97 77 17 33 60 21 100 79 75 25 100 91 95 78 100 71 96 63 100 80 90 30 100 95 97 77 39 50 17 33 60 21 100 100 87 80 100 76 92 53 100 79 75 25 99 90 92 75 100 71 96 63 100 80 90 30 100 95 97 77 8 7 39 50 17 33 60 21 100 68 86 45 92 91 85 77 100 100 87 80 100 76 92 53 96 79 75 25 83 75 79 64 96 67 96 63 100 80 90 30 100 95 97 77 41 8 34 97 96 7 13 87 87 39 16 82 82 50 4 67 67 15 48 93 92 33 13 92 92 60 10 90 90 21 59 87 87 - - 91 91 - Table 35. Health, insurance and retirement plans— All foundries— Continued (Percent of production workers in establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,1 United States and selected regions, September 1979) Type of plan United States1 2 New England Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West 78 3 77 ~ 84 11 73 7 76 - 54 - 87 3 75 ~ Mountain Pacific 90 62 W orkers in establishments providing: Noncontributory p la n s ............................. Severance p a y ........................................... 1 Includes those plans for which the employer pays at least part of the cost and excludes legally required plans such as workers’ compensation and social security; however, plans required by State temporary disability laws are included if the employer contributes more than is legally required or the employees receive benefits in excess of legal requirements. “ Noncontributory plans” include only those plans financed entirely by the employer. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. - 3 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sickness and accident insurance and sick leave shown separately. 4 Unduplicated total of workers covered by pension plans and severance pay shown separately. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Table 36. Other selected benefits— All foundries (Percent of production workers in establishments providing selected benefits,1 United States and selected regions, September 1979) Type of benefit United States2 New England Middle Atlantic Border States South east South west Great Lakes Middle West Mountain Pacific 48 47 1 95 80 82 80 68 41 41 55 54 1 93 93 85 86 69 27 27 16 13 3 100 71 84 76 68 13 13 70 70 88 94 87 87 76 50 46 4 100 79 96 75 67 40 40 100 60 80 50 40 46 41 5 100 41 54 74 59 20 10 20 - 3 5 26 10 3 10 10 5 8 Workers in establishments with provisions for: Cost of living adjustm ents............................ Based on C P I ............................................. Other b a s is ................................................. Technological severance p a y ....................... Funeral leave pay ........................................ Jury duty p a y ................................................ Daily reporting p a y ........................................ Call in or callback p a y .................................. Guaranteed weekly wage or weekly hours ............................................... Earnings protection p la n .............................. Supplemental unemployment b e n e fits ......... Vacation bonus p la n s ................................... Based on time o f f ....................................... Based on fixed flat sum ............................ Based on flat sum that varies with length of vacation ....:......................... Based on percent of vacation p a y ............. O th e r .......................................................... 6 9 16 18 1 6 6 (3) 5 - 100 86 86 77 64 - 9 14 22 34 1 12 - 9 11 9 - 1 For definition of items, see appendix A. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. - 100 87 80 80 73 - 100 50 79 67 63 4 4 - 11 13 32 19 13 3 5 3 - - - - - - _ 9 4 17 8 13 - 3 - 6 1 4 8 - 13 - - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey Scope of survey Production workers The survey included establishments engaged primar ily in manufacturing iron and steel castings (industry group 332 as defined in the 1972 edition of the S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r ia l C la s s ific a tio n M a n u a l prepared by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget). Separate aux iliary units such as central offices were excluded. Establishments studied were selected from those em ploying 50 workers or more at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists. Table A-l shows the number of establishments and workers esti mated to be within the scope of the survey, as well as the number actually studied by the Bureau. The terms “production workers” and “production and related workers,” used interchangeably in this bul letin, include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers engaged in nonoffice activities. Adminis trative, executive, professional, and technical person nel, and force-account construction employees, who are used as a separate work force on the firm’s own prop erties, are excluded. Occupational classification Occupational classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of in terestablishment and interarea variations in duties with in the same job. (See appendix B for these descriptions.) The criteria for selection of the occupations were: The number of workers in the occupation; the usefulness of the data in collective bargaining; and appropriate rep resentation of the entire job scale in the industry. Work ing supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, train ees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and proba tionary workers were not reported in the data for se lected occupations but were included in the data for all production workers. Products Classification of establishments by product was based on the principal type of casting manufactured. For ex ample, if 60 percent of the total value of an establish ment’s production was malleable iron castings, and 40 percent was steel castings, all workers in that establish ment were considered as producing malleable iron castings. Method of study Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s field staff to a probability-based sample of establish ments within the scope of the survey. To obtain appro priate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied. All estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all es tablishments in the industry, excluding only those be low the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data. Wage data Information on wages relates to straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive payments, such as those resulting from piecework or production bonus systems, and cost-of-living bonuses were included as part of the workers’ regular pay. Non production bonus payments, such as Christmas or yearend bonuses, were excluded. A v e r a g e (m e a n ) h o u r ly r a te s o r e a r n in g s for each oc cupation or category of workers, such as production workers, were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the fate, totaling, and dividing by the number of indi viduals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing straight-time salary by normal (or standard) hours to which the salary corresponds. The m e d ia n designates position; that is, one-half of the employees surveyed received more than this rate and one-half received less. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay such that one-fourth of the em- Establishment definition An establishment is defined for this study as a single physical location where manufacturing operations are performed. An establishment is not necessarily identi cal with a company, which may consist of one estab lishment or more. Employment Estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the industry’s labor force, rather than as precise measures of employment. 57 Table A-1. Estimated number of establishments and employees within scope of survey and number studied, iron and steel foundries, September 1979 Workers in establishments Number of establishments1 2 Region1 and locality Within scope of study Within scope of study Actually studied Actually studied Total3 Production workers All iron and steel foundries United States4 ............................................................... New England ............................................................. Middle A tla n tic ........................................................... Border S ta te s ............................................................. S o u th e a s t................................................................... Southwest .................................................................. Great L a k e s ............................................................... Middle W e s t ............................................................... M ountain..................................................................... P a c ific ........................................................................ 670 31 108 19 75 46 283 37 12 59 349 22 74 15 38 24 103 24 10 39 217,609 4,577 26,937 6,853 23,461 13,266 118,139 8,711 2,840 12,825 177,371 3,728 21,949 5,930 19,260 10,452 96,422 7,152 2,335 10,143 157,280 3,905 22,176 5,615 17,472 10,278 78,577 6,811 2,393 10,053 Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings United States5............................................................... New England ............................................................. Middle A tla n tic ........................................................... Pittsburgh6 ............................................................... Border Satates .......................................................... S o u th e a s t................................................................... Great L a k e s ............................................................... Chicago7 ................................................................... Middle W e s t............................................................... St. Louis8 ................................................................. P a c ific ........................................................................ Los Angeles-Long Beach9 ....................................... 421 19 59 11 15 45 202 11 25 10 23 10 174 11 34 11 11 14 61 9 13 10 17 10 112,115 1,988 8,798 1,865 6,328 9,829 73,921 2,060 4,180 1,698 2,938 1,256 93,068 1,624 7,260 1,576 5,502 8,269 61,039 1,669 3,463 1,377 2,479 1,082 73,562 1,459 5,895 1,865 5,090 5,040 49,460 1,945 2,346 1,698 2,250 1,256 Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries United States5 ............................................................... Middle A tla n tic ........................................................... S o u th e a s t................................................................... A la b a m a ................................................................... Birmingham10......................................................... 33 5 17 14 6 27 5 13 10 5 19,188 1,348 10,939 9,201 6,993 15,204 1,063 8,799 7,344 5,528 17,409 1,348 10,235 8,497 6,562 Malleable iron foundries United States5............................................................... Middle A tla n tic ........................................................... Great L a k e s ............................................................... 37 9 21 24 7 11 16,328 2,933 11,154 13,145 2,519 8,794 12,358 2,515 7,745 Steel foundries United States5 ............................................................... New England ............................................................. Middle A tla n tic ........................................................... Pittsburgh6 ............................................................... S o u th e a s t................................................................... Southwest .................................................................. Great L a k e s ............................................................... Milwaukee9 .............................................................. Middle W e s t ............................................................... Pacific ..................................... ................................... Los Angeles-Long Beach9 ....................................... 175 8 34 8 12 14 55 9 11 32 9 122 8 27 7 10 12 29 7 10 18 6 65,758 1,931 13,604 2,250 2,503 4,768 27,786 3,427 4,201 9,113 2,292 52,550 1,530 10,943 1,848 2,031 3,694 22,375 2,691 3,445 7,032 1,967 52,375 1,931 12,164 1,821 2,007 4,245 19,394 2,745 4,135 7,029 1,903 1 The regions used in this study include New England— Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic— New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Southeast— Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; Southwest— Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas; Great Lakes— Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Middle West— Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific— California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. 2 Includes only those establishments with 50 workers or more at the time of reference of the universe data. 3 Includes executive, professional, office, and other workers in addition to the production worker category shown separately. 4 Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study. 5 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 6 The Pittsburgh Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Allegheny, Beaver, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties. 7 The Chicago Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will Counties. 8 The St. Louis Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of St Louis City; Franklin, Jefferson, St. Charles, and St. Louis Counties, Mo.; and Madison and St. Clair Counties, III. 9 The Los Angeles-Long Beach Standard Metropolitan Area consists of Los Angeles County. 10 The Birmingham Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Jefferson, Shelby, and Walker Counties. 58 determined by merit, length of service, or a combina tion of these. Incentive workers are classified under piecework or bonus plans. Piecework is work for which a predetermined rate is paid for each unit of output. Production bonuses are for production in excess of a quota or for completion of a task in less than standard time. “Stint work” or “task work” is a method of wage payment which provides a fixed daily rate for a prede termined amount of work, regardless of the time re quired to complete the job. Stint workers were classi fied as time workers in the earnings tabulations by meth od of wage payment; their hourly earnings were calcu lated by dividing their daily rates by daily hours sched uled for the task, rather than actual hours worked. ployees earned less than the lower of these rates and one-fourth earned more than the higher rate. Size of community Tabulations by size of community pertain to metro politan and nonmetropolitan areas. The term “metro politan areas,” as used in this bulletin, refers to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through February 1974. Except in New England, a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area is defined as a county or group of contiguous counties which contains at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more. Counties con tiguous to the one containing such a city are included in a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area if, accord ing to certain criteria, they are essentially metropolitan in character and are socially and economically integrat ed with the central city. In New England, where the city and town are administratively more important than the county, they are the units used in defining Stand ard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. Scheduled weekly hours Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work schedule for full-time production workers employed on the day shift. Shift provisions and practices Shift provisions relate to the policies of establishments either currently operating late shifts or having formal provisions covering late-shift work. Practices relate to workers employed on late shifts at the time of the survey. Labor-management agreements Separate wage data are presented, where possible, for establishments that had (1) a majority of the pro duction workers covered by labor-management con tracts, and (2) none or a minority of the production workers covered by labor-management contracts. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Supplementary benefits in an establishment were con sidered applicable to all production workers if they ap plied to half or more of such workers in the establish ment. Similarly, if fewer than half of the workers were covered, the benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of length-of-service and other eligibility requirements, the proportion of workers re ceiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated. Type of foundry Commercial foundries are those producing castings for sale to other firms on a job or order basis. Captive foundries are those primarily producing castings for in corporation into the final products of a parent company. Method of wage payment Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the number of workers paid under the various time and incentive wage systems. Formal rate structures for time rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job categories. In the absence of a formal rate structure, pay rates are determined primarily by the qualifications of the individual worker. A single rate structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job classification. Learners, apprentices, or probationary workers may be paid according to rate schedules which start below the single rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job rate over a period of time. An experienced worker occasionally may be paid above or below the single rate for special reasons, but such payments are excep tions. Range-of-rate plans are those in which the min imum, maximum, or both of these rates paid experi enced workers for the same job are specified. Specific rates of individual workers within the range may be Paid holiday provisions relate to fullday and half-day holidays provided annually. P a id h o lid a y s . The summary of vacation plans is lim ited to formal arrangements and excludes informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer or supervisor. Payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 per cent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 week’s pay. The periods of service for which data are presented represent the most common practices, but they do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes in proportions indicated at 10 years of service may include changes which occurred between 5 and 10 years. P a id va c a tio n s. Data are pre sented for health, insurance, pension, and retirement H e a lth , in su ra n c e , a n d r e tir e m e n t p la n s . 59 were considered as having both retirement pensions and retirement severance plans; however, establishments having optional plans providing employees a choice of either retirement severance payments or pensions were considered as having only retirement pension benefits. severance plans for which the employer pays all or a part of the cost, excluding programs required by law such as workers’ compensation and social security. Among plans included are those underwritten by a com mercial insurance company and those paid directly by the employer from his current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insur ance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash pay ments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. In formation is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes at least a part of the cost. How ever, in New York and New Jersey, where temporary disability insurance laws require employer contribu tions,1plans are included only if the employer (1) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employees with benefits which exceed the require ments of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker’s pay during absence from work because of illness; informal arrangements have been omitted. Sep arate tabulations are provided for (1) plans which pro vide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans pro viding either partial pay or a waiting period. Long-term disability insurance plans provide pay ments to totally disabled employees upon the expiration of sick leave, sickness and accident insurance, or both, or after a specified period of disability (typically 6 months). Payments are made until the end of disability, a maximum age, or eligibility for retirement benefits. Payments may be full or partial, but are almost always reduced by social security, workers’ compensation, and private pension benefits payable to the disabled employee. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for com plete or partial payment of doctors’ fees. Such plans may be underwritten by a commercial insurance com pany or a nonprofit organization, or they may be a form of self-insurance. Major medical insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical or catastrophe insurance, includes plans designed to cover employees for sickness or in jury involving an expense which exceeds the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to plans which provide regular payments for the remainder of the retiree’s life. Data are presented separately for re tirement severance pay (one payment or several over a specified period of time) made to employees on re tirement. Establishments providing both retirement sev erance payments and retirement pensions to employees Data for paid funeral and jury-duty leave relate to formal plans which pro vide at least partial payment for time lost as a result of attending funerals of specified family members or serv ing as a juror. P a id f u n e r a l a n d j u r y - d u t y leave. T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e p a y . Data relate to formal plans providing for payments to employees permanently sep arated from the company because of a technological change or plant closing. C o s t-o f-liv in g a d ju s tm e n ts . Provisions for cost-of-living adjustments relate to formal plans by which wage rates are adjusted periodically in keeping with changes in the BLS Consumer Price Index or some other measure. Data relate to formal plans designed to supplement benefits paid un der State unemployment insurance systems. S u p p le m e n ta l u n e m p lo y m e n t b e n e fits. Data relate to plans which protect the level of earnings for workers assigned to lower paying jobs due to technological changes. Typ ical plans increase average earnings in a quarter to a specified percentage of a worker’s average earnings during a base period preceding each quarter. E a r n in g s p r o te c tio n p la n s . G u a r a n te e d w e e k ly w a g e o r w e e k ly h ou rs. Data relate to formal plans which guarantee an established weekly wage or a specified number of hours per week to an employee who is called to work on the first day of the workweek. C a ll-in o r c a llb a c k p a y . Data relate to plans which guarantee an amount to an employee recalled to work after completing a regular work shift. Data relate to formal plans which guarantee a daily minimun wage to an employee who reports to work as scheduled but finds no work avail able or less work than can be done in a guaranteed period (e.g., 4 hours). D a i l y re p o r tin g p a y . Data relate to formal plans which cover normal dental services such as fillings, extrac tions, and X-rays. Excluded were those health insur ance plans which provide benefits for certain kinds of oral surgery as a result of an accident. D e n t a l in su ra n c e . V a c a tio n b o n u ses. Data relate to formal plans that grant “bonuses” or extra pay in addition to regular vacation pay. Excluded were plans that provide only seasonal bonuses with no bonus to workers who take time off during popular periods (e.g., summer). 1The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 60 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field rep resentatives in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establish ment to establishment and area to area. This classifica tion permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment comparability of occu pational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may dif fer significantly from those in use in individual estab lishments or those prepared for other purposes. Unless otherwise indicated, these job descriptions exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. Arc-air scarfer Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, parti tions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Planning and laying out of work from blue prints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires round ed training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Centrifugal-casting-machine operator, pipe Uses electric arc-air equipment to cut, trim, or scarf and to remove excess material (i.e., gates, riser pads, fins, and sand defects) from casting. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w i n g : Positioning of castings by hand or me chanical means such as hoist; adjusting machine for work by checking amperage, voltage, and electrodes; setting jet of gas to blow away molten metal; and re moving excess material as required by cutting off chips and spurs and by burning out cracks and holes. May chip using an airhammer and chisel. Casts pipe by operating a centrifugal casting machine. For wage study purposes, workers are to be classified according to the type of molds used as follows: M e ta ls m o ld s —operates a machine in which pipe is cast centrifugally in water-cooled metal molds that are rotated at comparatively high speeds. Starts machine rotating at specified speed and actuates the controlling mechanism which tilts the casting ladle at a uniform rate to maintain a constant uniform pouring of metal into the mold. The iron flows tangentially onto the sur face of the mold, where it is held in place by centrifu gal force and forms a homogeneous pipe with a per fectly cylindrical bore. Observes and controls pouring rate of casting ladle, rotating speed, and amount of wa ter supplied. S a n d - lin e d m o ld s —operates a machine in which pipe is cast centrifugally in sand-lined molds. Directs place ment of mold assembly in the casting machine which rotates the flask about the horizontal axis. Starts ma chine rotating at specified speed and actuates the con trolling mechanism which causes the pouring ladle to empty itself into the mold through a trough extending into one end of the mold. Centrifugal force holds the liquid metal on the wall of the sand mold, forming a perfectly cylindrical bore, and spinning is continued until the metal has solidified. Observes and controls proper spinning speed and pouring rate. Air-set operator (Air-bake operator, no-bake operator) Makes air-set sand molds and cores by using air-set sand blenders. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w i n g : Pre paring for work by obtaining necessary equipment, checking catalyst and blender tanks, checking calibra tion of machine, and cleaning machine; receiving setup patterns and flasks; checking pattern for proper loca tion of molding material such as gaggers, heads, chills, and title; using airhose and nozzles to blow off pattern before sand is loaded in flask; and facing and/or mak ing molds and cores with air-set sand. May also attach and remove vibrator from flask, help with setup of pat tern, spread sand over pattern, and set and hand pack sand around pouring gate. Carpenter, maintenance 61 Charging machine operator m e d iu m - s iz e c o r e s on th e b e n c h , la r g e c o r e s o r c o r e s e c Loads metal into a furnace or cupola with any type of traveling charging machine. Starts loaded machine and manipulates levers to push the charging box through the open door to dump or charge the metal into the furnace or cupola. tio n s on th e f o u n d r y f l o o r o r in a p it, a s w e ll a s th o se w h o p e r fo r m b o th ty p e s o f w o rk . For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Coremaker, hand, bench Chipper and grinder (Airhammer man; bench grinder; chipper; disc grind er; face-grinder operator; portable-grinder operator; power-chisel operator; shaft grinder; snagger; stand grinder; swing-frame grinder) Coremaker, hand, floor Coremaker, hand, bench, and floor Operates one or more types of chipping or grinding equipment in removing undesirable projections or sur plus metal (fins, burrs, gates, risers, weld seams) from sand or die-castings, forgings, or welded units. The more common types of equipment emloyed for such operations include pneumatic chisels, portable grinding tools, stand grinders, and swing-frame grinders. A va riety of handtools including hammers, cold chisels, files, and saws may also be utilized by the operator in his work. For wage study purposes, workers are classified ac cording to whether they specialize in either chipping or grinding or perform both operations as follows: Coremaker, machine Makes sand cores used in molds to produce holes or hollows in castings. Workers are to be classified ac cording to the type of core-making machine as follows: C o r e -b lo w in g m a c h in e —places core box in machine. Starts machine and pulls lever or depresses pedal caus ing machine to blow and compact sand in core box; removes core and places it on a plate to be removed to oven for baking. T u r n -o v e r -d r a w m a c h in e —selects appropriate core box and sets it up on machine table; fills core box with sand and determines appropriate sand blends and mois ture content of sand required for a particular core; op erates machine by opening compressed-air valve, caus ing the table to rise and fall repeatedly, thus compress ing the sand in the core box; selects and inserts appro priate reinforcing wires in sand; operates lever or han dle to cause table to roll over and deposit core box up side down on another table; opens valve to jolt box and loosen core; pushes table down, causing core to be strip ped from box; and smooths core and places it on plate to be removed to core oven for baking. Chipper Grinder Chipper and grinder Core assembler and finisher (Core paster) Pastes or sticks together sections of baked sand cores to form completed cores which are used in molds to produce holes or hollows in castings. Fills in any cracks or seams on core with a paste of silica powder and wa ter. Brushes a graphite facing on the surface of the core. Cupola tender Operates a cupola furnace used in a foundry to melt pig iron to produce a molten metal that may be pour ed into molds in ojder to form castings. Supervises the charging of the furnace with pig iron, scrap, coke, and flux in their proper proportions. Kindles the fire and starts the blower supplying an airblast. Sets quantity of metal melted as instructed. May open or direct the opening or plugging of a taphole to start or stop the flow of molten metal into a receiving ladle. May also patch furnace and ladle lining with refractory clay. Coremaker, hand Shapes by hand (on bench or floor) varying types of sand cores placed in molds to form hollows and holes in metal castings. Work requires m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Selecting appropriate core boxes and work sequences; cleaning core boxes with compressed air or hand bel lows, and dusting parting sand over inside of core box to facilitate removal of finished core; packing and ram ming core sand solidly into box, using shovels, hands, and tamping tools; selecting and setting vent wires and reinforcing wire into cores; determining appropriate sand blends and moisture content of sand required for a particular core; removing core box from core and re pairing damage to impressions; baking cores to harden them; and assembling cores of more than one section. Furnace tender, electric (Furnace operator; electric furnace operator) Is responsible for the firing and charging of an elec tric furnace in which various metals or alloys are melt ed to be used in making castings. Work involves m o s t I n c lu d e s w o r k e r s w h o s p e c ia liz e d in m a k in g s m a l l - a n d 62 o f th e f o llo w i n g : Regulating the temperature of the met al; directing and assisting in charging the furnace with metal and in removing the molten metal when at prop er pouring temperature; and observing for proper op eration of furnace. May also perform other duties at or near the furnace and direct the activities of other mem bers of the furnace crew. This classification excludes melters who have supervisory duties. riety of products or processing operations; determining causes of flaws in products and/or processes and sug gesting necessary changes to correct work methods; and devising inspection procedures for new products. C la s s B —work involves a n y c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o l lowing'. Knowledge of processing operations in the branch of work to which he is assigned, limited to fa miliar products and processes or where performance is dependent on past experience; performing inspection operations on products and/or processes having rigid specifications, but where the inspection procedures in volve a sequence of inspection operations, including decisions regarding proper fit or performance of some parts and using precision measuring instruments. C la s s C —work involves a n y c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o l lo w in g : Short-cycle, repetitive inspection operations, using a standardardized, special-purpose measuring in strument repetitively; and visual examination of parts of products, rejecting units having obvious deformities or flaws. Furnace tender’s helper (Furnace operator helper; electric furnace helper) Assists the furnace tender in carrying out respon sibilities for the proper firing and charging of an elec tric furnace in which various metals, or alloys, are melt ed to be used in making castings. Assists in regulating the temperature of the furnace, in directing the charge of the furnace, and the removal of the molten metal when at proper pouring temperature; relieves the fur nace tender as necessary. Excludes helpers who per form miscellaneous heavy and unskilled work at or around the furnace. Laborer, general foundry Performs a variety of unskilled tasks involved in pro duction operations, such as handling sand, castings, scrap, and oil; cleaning tanks, floors, and around ma chines; and removing debris. May handle patterns, cores, molds, etc., and straighten rods, wires, pipes, etc. Excludes workers performing the duties of material handling laborers, as well as those employed as help ers, who are learning skilled jobs such as molders and coremakers. Helper, trades, maintenance Assists one or more workers in the skilled mainte nance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, machines, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools, and performing other unskilled tasks as direct ed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is per mitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades, the helper is confined to supplying, fitting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others, he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. Apprentices are excluded from this classification. Laborer, material handling (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) Employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment whose duties involve o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o llo w in g : Loading and unloading various mate rials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage lo cation; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand, truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships, are excluded. Excludes Foundry laborer (general helpers) assisting in the production operations, such as shifter in floormold department and core-transfer man in core-making department. Inspector Inspects parts, products, and/or processes. Performs such operations as examining parts or products for flaws and defects, checking their dimensions and appearance to determine whether they meet the required standards and specifications. Testers who use electronic and/or mechanical equipment (e.g., X-ray testers, pressure test ers, sound testers) to test castings for defects are excluded. C la s s A —responsible for decisions regarding the qual ity of the product and/or operations. Work involves a n y c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Thorough knowledge of the processing operations in the branch of work to which he is assigned, including the use of a variety of precision measuring instruments; interpreting drawings and specifications in inspection work on units composed of a large number of component parts; examining a va Mechanic, general Performs the work of two or more maintenance trades rather than specializing in only one trade or one type of maintenance work. In general, the work of a gener al mechanic requires rounded training and experience 63 usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Includes workers who regularly perform two or more types of skilled maintenance work within a section or department of a large establishment, such as welding, machining, machine and equipment repairing, and car pentry. May also do some pipefitting and millwrighting. Also includes workers that maintain and repair ma chines, mechanical and electrical equipment, and/or the structure of a small establishment where specialization is impractical. Does not include workers who only make minor repairs or adjustments. th e f o llo w i n g : Selecting and assembling appropriate flasks and patterns and positioning patterns in flasks for a variety of molds; determining appropriate sand blends and moisture content of sand required for different molds; packing and ramming sand or loam around pat terns; drawing patterns and smoothing molds; selecting and setting in position appropriate cores; determining appropriate gating, venting, reinforcing, and facing re quired for particular mold; assembling mold sections to form complete molds, using such molder’s handtools as riddles, rammers, trowels, slicks, lifters, bellows, and mallets in compacting and smoothing of molds; direct ing molten metal into molds; and operating a crane in lifting and moving of molds or mold sections. Mechanic, maintenance Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Ex amining machines and mechanical equipment to diag nose source of trouble; dismantling or partly disman tling machines and performing repairs that mainly in volve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written spec ifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for oper ation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classifica tion are workers whose p r i m a r y d u tie s involve setting up or adjusting machines. Molder, hand, bench Shapes small- and medium-sized molds (or compo nent sections of a ramming mold that are assembled into complete units) by hand on a bench, by ramming and packing sand around patterns placed in flasks. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Selecting and assembling appropriate flasks and patterns for varying molds; de termining appropriate sand blends and moisture content of sand required for different types of molds; packing and ramming green sand or dry sand around patterns; drawing patterns and smoothing molds; selecting and setting cores in position; determining the types of gat ing necessary for the molds; finishing molds by per forming such operations as facing, venting, and rein forcing; assembling mold sections to form complete molds; and selecting and using such molder’s handtools as riddles, trowels, slicks, lifters, bellows, and mallets in packing and smoothing of molds or mold sections. Machinist, maintenance Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment oper ated in an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l lowing'. Interpreting written instructions and specifica tions; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist’s handtools and precision measuring instru ments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making stand ard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; select ing standard materials, parts, and equipment required for work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechan ical equipment. In general, the machinist’s work nor mally requires a rounded training in machine shop prac tice usually associated with a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Molder, machine, automatic (Disamatic operator, Hunter operator, operator) Sets up, adjusts, and operates an automatic machine to produce a wide variety of molds. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Setting mold depth in relation to pattern design and adjusting for sand conditions; install ing core-setting frame and/or core jig; adjusting blow and squeeze pressure; synchronizing the speed of the machine according to pouring cycle or core setting time; operating controls to start, stop, and hold machine in the cycle desired; and maintaining records of ma chine operation. Molder, machine, semiautomatic Shapes molds or mold sections on any one or a com bination of several types of molding machines, such as roll-over, jolt roll-over, jarring, and squeeze machines. Work involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Selecting and as sembling appropriate flasks and patterns and position ing patterns in flasks; filling flasks with sand and ram Molder, floor Shapes large molds or mold sections by hand on the foundry floor or in a pit by ramming or packing sand around patterns placed in flasks. Work involves m o s t o f Herman 64 ming of sand around pattern with ramming tool or by mechanical means; determining appropriate sand blends and moisture content of sand required for particular molds; preparing molds for drawing of patterns, and repairing damage to mold impressions in sand; select ing and setting in position appropriate cores; determin ing appropriate venting, gating, reinforcing, and facing required; assembling upper and lower sections of molds; and guiding or assisting in the pouring of the mold. Ex cludes operators of Disamatic and Hunter type auto matic molding machines. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of machine as follows: Squeeze making standard shop computations relating to dimen sions of work; using a variety of patternmakers’ handtools such as saws, planes, chisels, gauges, and mallets; operating various woodworking machines such as band saws, circular saws, borers, routers, lathes, planers, drill presses, sanders, and shapers; checking work with cal ipers, rules, protractors, squares, straight edges, and other measuring instruments; assembling patterns and sections of patterns by gluing, nailing, screwing, and doweling; working to required tolerances and allow ances; selecting the materials for the construction of a particular pattern. May also make sweeps (templates) for making molds by the sweep-molding method. In general, the work of the patternmaker requires a round ed training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and expe rience. Workers exclusively engaged in repairing wood en patterns (wooden pattern repairer) are excluded from this classification. Other (single) machine Pourer, metal Jarring Roll-over Pours molten metal into molds. Work involves a n y Controlling the pouring of molten metal at a rate compatible with the size and structure of the casting; skimming slag from surface of molten metal; transporting metal from furnace to molds; pouring metal into molds and dumping slag from ladle after pouring operation. c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Combination (operates more than one type of machine) Molder, pipe (drop-pattern machine) Shapes molds for cast iron pipe (rarely exceeding 5 feet in length) on a drop-pattern machine. Work in volves m o s t o f th e f o llo w i n g : Forming cope and drap sections of molds by placing appropriate flasks on droppattern machine, filling flask with sand, ramming sand around pattern with ramming tool, and tripping lever on machine causing pattern to drop away from com pacted sand; removing filled flasks from machine; plac ing drag section of mold on floor; setting core in drag mold; placing cope section on top of drag and clamp ing cope to drag; and pouring molten metal into gates (holes) in cope section of mold. May also make cores of green sand. Workers in this occupation usually work in pairs. Repairs broken or damaged wooden patterns and cor rects patterns to compensate for defects in castings. W o r k in v o lv e s : Building up or repairing patterns by glu ing, screwing, or nailing additional pieces of wood to some surfaces; rigging wooden patterns by changing wooden gates and risers on patterns; and dressing down surfaces with scrapers and other handtools. Qualified wooden patternmakers, who are also engaged in repair ing wooden patterns, are classified as patternmaker, wood. Patternmaker, metal Sand mixer Repairer, wooden patterns Mixes sand, binders, and water by hand or machine to prepare sand for molders or coremakers. Work in volves a n y c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Transporting sand and binders from storage to mixing area; remov ing scraps of metal from used molding sand; mixing in gredients to instructions by hand or machine; and test ing sample of prepared sand, adding ingredients as nec essary to obtain proper mixture. Performs machine operations on rough metal cast ings or pieces of metal stock to make metal patterns, core boxes, or match plates. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w i n g : Planning and laying out of work from blue prints, drawings, or models; making standard shop com putations relating to dimensions of work; using a vari ety of machines and handtools; and performing hand finishing operations on pattern by filing, filling in low spots with solder, and sometimes painting with alumi num paint. Sand- or shot-blast operator Operates sand- or shot-blast equipment to impart spec ified finish to castings or to clean dirt, scale, and/or other materials from castings. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w i n g : Positioning casting and starting blast of abrasive; adjusting mixture of air and abrasive; and turn Patternmaker, wood Builds wooden patterns, core boxes, or match plates. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Planning and lay ing out of work from blueprints, drawings, or models; 65 rials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by types of truck as follows: ing casting to blast all surfaces. May service sand- or shot-blast tanks. Sand-slinger operator Operates a sand-slinging machine which fills mold flasks with compacted sand to form molds. Moves the head of the sand-slinger impeller back and forth over flasks as sand is thrown at high velocity into flask. May oil and clean machine. Forklift Other than forklift Tumbler operator Operates tumbler to impart specified finish to cast ings or to clean dirt, scale, or other materials from cast ings. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Placing cast ings in tumbler; loading tumbler with picks, pebbles, sand, sawdust, or other materials; adjusting tumbler for prescribed operating time; and unloading tumbler. May deliver finished castings or parts to storage or shipping areas. Shakeout worker Removes castings from molds by hand or mechani cal means in which they were cast. Work involves o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Releasing clamps holding sec tions of flask together, separating the sections and break ing the sand mold from the castings, using a steel bar or sledge hammer, or removing castings from the sand with the aid of metal hooks; operating a vibrating shake out screen in removing sand and castings from flasks; using a pneumatic shaker which, when attached to the flask, jars or jolts it until the mold has crumbled; using a vibratory airhammer to remove the sand and castings; shaking loosely adhering sand from castings; and shoveling sand shaken from molds into a pile. Welder, hand (Acetylene welder; gas welder; arc welder; electric welder) Uses oxyacetylene torch or arc welding apparatus to fuse or weld individually cast pieces into completed castings and to repair defective or cracked castings. May cut off excess materials from castings. Must have knowledge of correct handling and adjustment of weld ing apparatus and the use of welding materials so that welded castings can pass prescribed test. For wage survey purposes, workers are classified as follows: Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine operators Operates machine which makes shell molds or shell cores by baking a resin and sand mixture on a heated metal pattern. Work involves s o m e c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o llo w i n g : Starting and stopping machine; installing pat tern in machine; preparing or supervising the prepara tion of the mixture of sand and resin; determining prop er curing temperature and timing; removing cope and drag; and pasting together to form mold. Welder, hand (assembling) Trucker, power Welder, hand (repairing) Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electricpowered truck or tractor to transport goods and mate Welder, hand (combination) 66 Industry Wage Studies The most recent reports providing occupational wage data for industries included in the Bureau’s program of industry wage surveys are listed below. Copies are for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or from any of its regional sales offices, and from the regional offices of the Bureau of Labor Statistics shown on the inside back cover. Bulletins that are out of stock are abailable for reference at leading public, college, or university libraries, or at the Bureau’s Washington or regional offices. Manufacturing Basic Iron and Steel, 1978-79. BLS Bulletin 2064 Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1939 Cigar Manufacturing, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1796 Cigarette Manufacturing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 2077 Corrugated and Solid Fiber Boxes, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1921 Drug Manufacturing, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2077 Fabricated Structural Steal, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1935 Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1763 Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2026 Fluid Milk Industry, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1871 Footwear, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1946 Hosiery, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1987 Industrial Chemicals, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1978 Iron and Steel Foundries, 1979. BLS Bulletin 2085 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1835 Machinery Manufacturing, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2022 Meat Products, 1979. BLS Bulletin 2082 Men’s Shirts and Separate Trousers, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2035 Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, April 1979. BLS Bulletin 2073 Millwork, 1979. BLS Bulletin 2083 Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1914 Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1973-74. BLS Bulletin 1912 Nonferrous Foundries, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1952 Paints and Varnishes, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1973 Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1719' Petroleum Refining, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1948 Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1923 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2008 Semiconductors, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2021 Shipbuiling and Repairing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1968 Southern Sawmills and Planing Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1694' Structural Clay Products, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1942 Synthetic Fibers, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1975 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1967 Textiles, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1945 Wages and Demographic Characteristics in Work Clothing Manufacturing, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1858 West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1704' Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin 17281 Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2007 Wood Household Furniture, 1979. BLS Bulletin 2087 Nonmanufacturing Appliance Repair Shops, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2067 Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2060 Banking and Life Insurance, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1988 Bituminous Coal Mining, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1999 Communications, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2071 Computer and Data Processing Services, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2028 Contract Cleaning Services, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2009 Contract Construction, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1911 Department Stores, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2006 Educational Institutions: Nonteaching Employees, 1968-69. BLS Bulletin 16711 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2040 Hospitals and Nursing Homes, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2069 Hotels and Motels, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2055 Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1645' Metal Mining, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2017 Motion Picture Theatres, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1542 Oil and Gas Extraction, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2014 Scheduled Airlines, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1951 Wages and Tips in Restaurants and Hotels, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1712' Bulletin out of stock. *U S GOVERNMENT P R IN T IN G O F F IC E : 1981 341-270/4904 Employment and Earnings tjpdOmW* Bnpis||fir M . . . .o n e o f s ix p e r io d ic a ls p u b lis h e d b y th e B u re a u o f L ab o 'r S ta tis tic s , U .S . D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r, ... * g iv e s m o n th ly fig u re s o n *>*' th o se tw o to p ics fo r th e N a tio n a s a w h o le , f o r in d iv id u a l S ta te s , a n d f o r m o r e th a n 2 0 0 a re a s . ? In c lu d e d a re h o u s e h o ld % a n d e s ta b lis h m e n t d a ta , s e a s o n a lly a n d n o t s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d . T h e d a ta a r e c o lle c te d b y th e B u r e a u o f th e C e n s u s (D e p a rtm e n t o f C o m m e r c e ), S ta te E m p lo y m e n t S e c u r ity A g e n c ie s , a n d S ta te D e p a r tm e n ts o f L a b o r in c o o p e r a tio n w ith B L S . A s u p p le m e n t is in c lu d e d in th e s u b s c r ip tio n p ric e . Subscription Order Form: E n te r m y S u b s c r ip tio n to: □ R e m itta n c e is e n c lo s e d . E m p lo y m e n t a n d Earnings □ $ 2 2 ; ($ 5 .5 0 a d d itio n a l fo r f o r e ig n m a ilin g ). C h a r g e to G P O d e p o s it a c c o u n t n o . Q Z D Z P D D ~ 0 C r e d it C a r d O r d e r s O n ly - M a s t e r C h a r g e a n d V is a . T o ta l c h a r g e s $ ____________________________________ C r e d it C a rd N o .□ E x p ir a tio n D a te □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ M o n t h /Y e a r Mail Order Form to: S u p e r in te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts , N a m e ______________________ U .S . G o v e r n m e n t P r in tin g O ffic e , W a s h in g to n , D .C . 2 0 4 0 2 A d d r e s s ___________________ M a k e c h e c k s p a y a b le to S u p e r in te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts . C ity , S ta te , a n d Z ip C o d e □ □ □ □ O rd e r No. Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices R e g io n I 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: (617) 223-6761 R e g io n IV 1371 Peachtree Street, N.E. Atlanta, Ga. 3 0 3 6 7 Phone: (404) 881-4418 R e g io n V R e g io n II Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10036 Phone: (212) 944-3121 R e g io n III 3535 Market Street P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: (215) 596-1154 9th Floor Federal Office Building 230 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, III. 60604 Phone: (312) 353-1880 R e g io n V I Second Floor 555 Griffin Square Building Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone: (214) 767-6971 R e g io n s V I I a n d V I I I 911 Walnut Street Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: (816) 374-2481 R e g io n s IX a n d X 450 Golden Gate Avenue Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone: (415) 556-4678
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