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Industry Wage Survey:
Iron and Steel Foundries,
October 1986
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
February 1988
Bulletin 2291
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TORY'
Industry Wage Survey:
Iron and Steel Foundries,
October 1986
U.S. Department of Labor
Ann McLaughlin, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
February 1988
Bulletin 2291
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
Preface
This bulletin summarizes the results of a Bureau of Labor
Statistics survey of occupational wages and employee benefits
in the iron and steel foundry industries in October 1986. Data
are provided separately for four product branches: Gray iron,
except pipe and fittings; gray iron pipe and fittings; malleable
iron; and steel. A similar study of ferrous foundries was con
ducted in September 1979.
Summary reports were issued earlier for the selected States
and localities of industry concentration studied separately.
Reports were issued for gray iron foundries, except pipe and
fittings, in Los Angeles-Long Beach, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
and Pittsburgh; gray iron pipe and fittings foundries in Alaba
ma and Birmingham; and steel foundries in Los Angeles-
Long Beach, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Copies of the sum
maries are available from the Bureau or any of its regional
offices.
This study was conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Wages
and Industrial Relations. David G. Larson of the Division
of Occupational Pay and Employee Benefit Levels analyzed
the survey data and prepared this bulletin. Fieldwork for the
survey was directed by the Assistant Regional Commission
ers for Operations.
Other industry wage survey reports are listed at the end
of this bulletin along with information on how to obtain them.
Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with
appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.
Contents
Page
Earnings and benefits..................................................................................................................................
Industry characteristics...............................................................................................................................
1
3
Tables:
All ferrous foundries:
1. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics.........................................................
2. Earnings distribution..........................................
3. Occupational earnings averages ...........................................................................................
4
5
7
Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings:
4. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics.........................................................
5. Earnings distribution...............................................................................................................
Occupational earnings averages:
6. All establishments ...................................................................................................................
7. By size of establishm ent........................................................................................................
8. By labor-management contract cov erag e............................................................................
9. By method of wage payment..................................................................................................
Occupational earnings:
10. Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
.....................................................................................
11. Ohio...........................................................................................................................
12. Pennsylvania.............................................................................................................................
13. Pittsburgh, P A .........................................................................................................................
Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries:
14. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics.........................................................
15. Earnings distribution...............................................................................................................
Occupational earnings averages:
16. All establishments ...................................................................................................................
17. By size of establishm ent........................................................................................................
18. By labor-management contract cov erag e............................................................................
19. By method of wage payment..................................................................................................
Occupational earnings:
20. A lab a m a....................................................................................................................................
21. Birmingham, A L .....................................................................................................................
Malleable iron foundries:
22. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics..........................................................
23. Earnings distribution...............................................................................................................
Occupational earnings averages:
24. All establishments ...................................................................................................................
25. By size of establishm ent........................................................................................................
26. By labor-management contract cov erag e............................................................................
27. By method of wage payment..................................................................................................
v
13
14
16
22
28
34
39
40
41
43
44
45
47
49
51
53
55
56
57
58
60
62
64
66
Contents—Continued
Page
Steel foundries:
28. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics..........................................................
29. Earnings distribution........................................................................................................... . .
Occupational earnings averages:
30. All establishments ....................................................................................................................
31. By size of establishm ent.........................................................................................................
32. By labor-management contract co v erag e.............................................................................
33. By method of wage payment...................................................................................................
Occupational earnings:
34. Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA ..............................................................................................
35. O hio.............................................................................................................................................
36. Pennsylvania..............................................................................................................................
68
69
71
77
82
'87
92
93
94
All ferrous foundries:
Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:
37. Method of wage p ay m en t.......................................................................................................
38. Scheduled weekly hours .........................................................................................................
39. Shift differential provisions......................................................................................................
40. Shift differential practices........................................................................................................
41. Paid holidays ............................................................................................................................
42. Paid vacations............................................................................................................................
43. Health, insurance, and retirement plans...............................................................................
44. Other selected benefits.............................................................................................................
96
96
97
99
100
101
103
105
Appendixes:
A. Scope and method of survey ...........................................................................................................
B. Occupational descriptions..................................................................................................................
106
110
vi
Iron and Steel Foundries,
October 1986
branches; for example, the patterns just described were
reversed for gray iron pipe and fittings foundries (table 14).
Among the four industry branches studied separately,
nationwide averages were $10.04 for gray iron, except pipe
and fittings; $8.77 for gray iron pipe and fittings; $10.83
for malleable iron; and $8.50 for steel (tables 4, 14, 22, and
28). These nationwide pay levels were greatly influenced by
the regional distribution of the workers in each industry
branch. For example, the Southeast, a relatively low-paying
region, accounted for one-half of the workers in gray iron
pipe and fittings foundries. On the other hand, the Great
Lakes, a relatively high-paying region, accounted for threefifths of the work force in gray iron foundries, except pipe
and fittings, and four-fifths of the workers in malleable iron
foundries. No one industry branch consistently surpassed the
others in average pay levels within regions.
To isolate the independent effects on earnings of various
factors influencing pay, a multiple regression technique was
applied, and the results were compared with simple cross
tabulation (text table l).5 The comparison revealed that earn
ings differentials, although significant for most factors, were
much smaller when other factors were held constant. For
example, workers in union foundries averaged 29 percent
more than workers in nonunion foundries but more than half
of this differential was attributable to factors other than
Earnings and benefits
Straight-time earnings of production and related workers in
iron and steel foundries averaged $9.53 an hour in October
1986 (table 1).1The middle 50 percent of the approximately
84,000 production workers surveyed earned between $7.62
and $11.14; 95 percent earned between $4 and $15 (table
2). Regional and industry branch differences contributed
heavily to this relatively wide distribution of earnings
(tables 5, 15, 23, and 29).
The $9.53 average hourly earnings for all production
workers in the October 1986 survey was 33 percent higher than
the $7.16 recorded by a previous survey in September 1979.2
This increase, averaging 4.2 percent annually, compares with
an annual increase of 5.9 percent in the Bureau’s Employment
Cost Index for durable-goods manufacturing industries over the
same period. About one-fourth of the foundry workers were
in establishments that periodically adjust pay, using the bls
Consumer Price Index, for cost-of-living changes.
Average earnings in October 1986 varied considerably among
the nine regions surveyed, ranging from $7.75 an hour in the
Southeast to $11 in the Great Lakes—the largest center of foun
dry employment.3 Averages in the other regions were about
$8 to $9 per hour.
Average earnings for production workers typically were
higher in union than in nonunion establishments; higher in
larger establishments (250 workers or more) than in the
smaller foundries; and higher in captive than in commercial
foundries.4 Pay advantages associated with these establish
ment characteristics varied widely among the industry
Text table 1. Percent earnings differentials associated
with selected establishment characteristics, iron and
steel foundries, October 1986
Percent earnings difference
1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey and for definitions of
terms used in this bulletin. Earnings data in this bulletin exclude premium
pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. In
centive payments, such as those resulting from piecework or production
bonus systems, and cost-of-living pay increases (but not bonuses) were in
cluded as part of the workers’ regular pay. Excluded are performance bonuses
and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace
industries, as well as profit-sharing payments, attendance bonuses, Christ
mas or yearend bonuses, and other nonproducction bonuses.
2 The October 1986 survey is not strictly comparable with the 1979 sur
vey (Industry Wage Survey: Iron and Steel Foundries, September 1979, Bulle
tin 2085) because the 1986 survey has a lower minimum establishment
size—20 rather than 50 workers. Establishments with fewer than 50 work
ers accounted for 7 percent of the 1986 survey work force in iron and steel
foundriess. Using a 50-worker minimum cutoff for both years, the 1979-86
wage increase was 35 perccent or an average annual rate of 4.4 percent.
3 For definitions of regions, see footnote 1, table A-l, in appendix A.
4 Captive foundries produce castings for incorporation into a final product
of a parent company; commercial foundries produce castings for sale to
other firms on a job or order basis.
Paried characteristics
Cross
tabulation
Multiple
regression
Great Lakes region to Southeast .....................
C aptive to com m ercial fo u n d rie s .......................
Large to small establishm ents1 ..........................
Union to n o n u n io n .................................................
G ray iron pipe and fittings,
to steel fo u n d r ie s ...............................................
G ray iron, except pipe and fittings,
to steel fo u n d r ie s ...............................................
M alleable iron to steel fo u n d rie s .......................
42
50
27
29
33
22
17
12
3
11
18
28
24
22
1 Large plants are defined as those with 250 em ployees or more.
2 Not statistically significant at 95-percent con fidence level.
3 For a general comparison of cross-tabulation and multiple regression,
see Albert E. Schwenk and Martin E. Personick, “ Analyzing Earnings
Differentials in Industry Wage Surveys,” Monthly Labor Review, June 1974,
pp. 56-59. For a similar comparison that relates specifically to this indus
try, see Industry Wage Survey: Iron and Steel Foundries, Novem ber 1973,
Bulletin 1894 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1976), appendix A.
1
union status. Also, the data indicated that the pay advantage
of workers in malleable iron foundries and gray iron foun
dries, except pipe and fittings, compared with those in steel
foundries was not significantly related to the industry branch.
Average hourly earnings for occupations selected to
represent the industries’ wage structures, workers’ skills, and
manufacturing operations are presented in table 3.6 Pay
levels among the 42 jobs surveyed, which accounted for
almost two-thirds of the production work force, ranged from
$12.98 an hour lor metal patternmakers to $7.54 for guards.
Chippers and grinders, the largest job group studied sepa
rately, averaged $9.07. The other jobs studied usually had
averages between $8.70 and $9.90 an hour.
Occupational earnings averages for all foundries were
usually highest in the Great Lakes region and lowest in the
Southeast. The amount of the interregional spread varied by
occupation. For example, chippers and grinders in the Great
Lakes region averaged 58 percent above those in the
Southeast; the corresponding spread for electric bridge crane
operators was 26 percent.
Occupational earnings averages for the four industry
branches are presented in tables 6, 16, 24, and 30. Among
gray iron pipe and fittings foundries, average hourly wages
ranged from $10.93 for metal patternmakers to $7.27 for
general foundry laborers. Metal patternmakers also were
highest paid in steel foundries ($12.55), where maintenance
trade helpers averaged the lowest ($6.16).
In malleable iron foundries, average hourly earnings
ranged from $12.95 for maintenance electricians to $7.63
for furnace tender helpers. These helpers also posted the
lowest average ($7.41) in gray iron foundries, except pipe
and fittings, and in these foundries, hand welders earned the
highest average ($13.97). Other occupations recording aver
ages above $12 in gray iron foundries, except pipe and fit
tings, were electricians ($13.03) and metal patternmakers
($13.87)
Nationwide averages for the survey’s occupations were
usually highest in malleable iron foundries and lowest in steel
foundries. This pattern did not necessarily apply, however,
on a regional level. For example, in the Great Lakes region,
gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings, generally posted
higher occupational earnings levels than did malleable iron
foundries. Also, occupational pay relationships among the
industry branches varied by region.
Within industry branches, occupational earnings differed
among localities. For example, Pittsburgh pay levels were
more than $9.25 an hour for each publishable occupation in
gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings; Los Angeles’
highest pay levels, on the other hand, were near $8.50. (See
tables 11-13 for gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings;
tables 20 and 21 for gray iron pipe and fittings foundries;
and tables 34-36 for steel foundries.)
Occupational wages were usually higher for large foun
dries (250 workers or more) than for small foundries and
higher in establishments where a majority of production
workers were covered by labor-management agreements
(tables 7-8, 17-18, 25-26, and 31-32). Gray iron pipe and
fittings foundries, largely located in the Southeast, did not
follow this pattern, however (tables 17 and 18). For exam
ple, in 15 of 19 occupations for which comparison was pos
sible, pay was 1 to 20 percent higher in pipe and fittings
foundries where none or a minority of workers were covered
by a union contract.
Fifteen percent of all foundry production workers, nation
wide, received incentive wages, usually paid on a piecework
basis (table 37). These workers typically averaged more than
their time-rated counterparts in the same job, who usually
were under formal systems providing single rates for speci
fied occupations.7 The differences varied widely by indus
try branch (tables 9, 19, 27, and 33).
Forty-hour weekly work schedules applied to 92 percent
of all foundry production workers (table 38). Shorter sched
ules applied to most of the remaining workers.
A large majority of the workers were in establishments
that had late-shift provisions (table 39). In October 1986,
about one-fifth of the production workers were actually em
ployed on second shifts and one-eighth on third shifts.
Differentials varied widely, but were most commonly 15 to
25-cents per hour above day rates for second-shift work and
20 to 35 cents above for third shifts (table 40).
Virtually all of the establishments provided paid holidays
and paid vacations to their production workers. One-third
of the workers received 9 or 10 paid holidays annually,
another third received 11 or 12 days, and one-fifth were
provided 13 or 14 days (table 41). The most liberal holiday
provisions were reported in the Great Lakes region—nearly
two-fifths of the workers received 14 days or more.
Nationwide, paid vacations usually were granted after
qualifying periods of service (table 42); the most common
provisions were 1 to 2 weeks after 1 year of service, 2 to
3 weeks after 3 years, 3 to 4 weeks after 10 years, 4 to 5
weeks after 20 years, and 5 weeks or more after 25 years.
Paid vacation and paid holiday provisions varied by indus
try branch and by region.
Almost all production workers were in establishments
providing life, accidental death and dismemberment,
hospitalization, surgical, and basic medical insurance (table
43). About four-fifths were offered major medical insurance,
and three-fifths were covered by dental insurance. Establish
ments offered short-term protection against loss of income
due to illness or accident to about seven-eighths of the work
force, and long-term disability insurance to slightly more than
one-fourth of the workers. About nine-tenths of the workers
also were covered by retirement plans. Most health and
retirement pension plans were financed entirely by em
ployers.
7
Stint work, a plan paying a fixed amount for a predetermined task regard
less of the actual time required, has virtually vanished in this industry. Work
ers on this plan were considered on a time-rated system for purposes of
this study.
6 See appendix B for occupational descriptions.
2
accounted for almost half of the production workers (39,667).
The next two highest concentrations were in the Southeast
(13,975) and the Middle Atlantic (8,514). The Great Lakes
region was the largest employment center for each of the
industry branches, except gray iron pipe and fittings, which
had most of its workers in the Southeast.
Foundry size varied, but three-fifths of the workers were
in larger establishments—those having 250 employees or
more.
Union contracts covered most foundry workers (table 1).
Establishments having collective bargaining agreements
covering a majority of their production workers accounted
for two-thirds of the production work force. Regionally, the
proportion of workers under union contracts ranged from
one-sixth in the Southwest to four-fifths in the Great Lakes.
By industry branch, the union proportion was about one-half
the workers in gray iron pipe and fittings and in steel; threefourths in gray iron, except pipe and fittings; and nine-tenths
in malleable iron.
Major unions in the industry are the United Steelworkers
of America; the International Molders and Allied Workers
Union of North America; and the United Automobile, Aer
ospace, and Agricultural Implement Workers of A m ericaall a f l -CIO affiliates.
Also studied in the current survey was the use of temporary
help and the extent to which services were contracted out.
Slightly less than one-fifth of the foundry workers were in
plants regularly using temporary help services in lieu of new
hires.
Text table 2 shows the contract services selected for
separate study. Trucking was, by far, the activity most com
monly contracted out. Foundries employing almost two-thirds
of the industries’ production workers used contract truck
ers. Plants contracting out machine maintenance, janitorial
work, accounting services, computer processing, and
engineering/drafting accounted for between one-sixth and
one-third of the work force, depending on the service con
tracted. Secretarial services were seldom contracted out.
About one-fourth of all foundry workers were eligible for
supplemental unemployment benefits; the highest incidence
of such coverage—about two-fifths of the work force—was
reported in the Great Lakes region (table 44). Nationwide,
vacation bonus plans, typically on a flat-sum basis, applied
to about one-eighth of all production workers. Work-related
clothing allowances were provided to almost half of the
production work force.
Four benefit plans were studied which guarantee a level of
pay when the employer has determined that sufficient work
is not available for employees (table 44). Almost three-fourths
of the work force were guaranteed a minimum amount of pay
(e.g., 4 hours) for reporting to the job. Call-in (callback) pay,
which guarantees a specified level of compensation for an em
ployee recalled to work after shift completion, applied to threefifths of the work force. Earnings protection plans, which sup
port compensation of workers assigned to lower paying jobs
due to technological changes and guaranteed weekly wage or
weekly hours plans, however, were less common; they
applied to 10-15 percent of the production work force.
Industry characteristics
Iron and steel foundries within the scope of the survey
(those having 20 workers or more) employed 84,097 produc
tion and related workers in October 1986 (appendix table
A-l). About half of the production workers were employed
in gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings. Slightly more
than one-fourth of the workers were employed by steel foun
dries; just over one-eighth of the workers were in gray iron
pipe and fittings foundries; and the remaining one-tenth were
in malleable iron foundries.
Foundries in this survey were primarily engaged in the
manufacturing of iron and steel castings. The casting process
involves the pouring of molten iron or steel into hollow molds
in which the metal then cools and solidifies. Sand casting,
packing sand around a pattern constructed in the shape of
the desired final product, was the predominant method of
casting in all industry branches except for gray iron, which
generally used centrifugal casting, the pouring of molten me
tal into a spinning mold.
Captive foundries (producing only for their parent com
pany) accounted for one-fifth of all foundry workers covered
by the survey.8 Over 90 percent of the 17,500 captive foun
dry workers were located in the Great Lakes region. Com
mercial foundries (selling to other firms) accounted for a
large majority of the foundry work force.
Buffeted by increased foreign competition and weak
domestic demand for their products, the foundry industries
cut back production employment by more than half from their
September 1979 level.9 In 1986, the Great Lakes region
Text table 2. Incidence of contracting out selected services in
iron and steel foundries, October 1986
(Percent of production w orkers in establishm ents contracting o u t1)
Contract service1
T ru c k in g ..................................................................
60-64
M achine m a in te n a n c e ..........................................
30-34
Janitorial ..................................................................
A c c o u n tin g ....................................................
20-24
25-29
C om puter processing ..........................................
25-29
S e c re ta ria l...........................................................
.............................................
(2)
15-19
Other (guard, food, e t c . ) ......................................
35-39
E ngineering/drafting
8 See footnote 4.
9 See footnote 2. The 1979-86 employment decline was 56 percent us
ing a 50-worker minimum size cutoff for both surveys.
1 All or part of service contracted out.
2 Less than 5 percent.
3
Percent of production
w orkers
T a b le 1. A ll fe rr o u s fo u n d rie s :
A v e ra g e h o u rly e a rn in g s b y s e le c te d c h a r a c te ris tic s
(N um ber o f productio n w orkers and average stra ight-tim e hourly e a rn in g s’ by se le c te d ch a ra cte ristics, U nited S ta te s and re gions,2 O c to b e r 1986)
U nited S ta te s
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
New England
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
M iddle A tla n tic
N um b er
o f w o rk
ers
A verage
hourly
ea rnings
B o rd e r S tates
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
N um b er
o f w o rk
ers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
$8.80
8.78
13,975
12,273
$7.75
7.84
943
2,051
7.99
9.18
4,211
9,764
6.66
8.23
C haracteristic
N um ber
of w o rk
ers
All pro d u ctio n w o rke rs3 ......................................
M en ......................................................................
84,097
71,493
$9.53
9.36
2,764
2,161
$7.93
8.36
8,514
8,005
$8.67
8.80
2,994
2,877
Size o f esta blishm e nt:
2 0 -249 w orke rs .................................................
2 5 0 w o rke rs o r m o re .......................................
33,613
50,484
8.22
10.40
1,864
7.90
4,453
4,061
8.49
8.87
-
-
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
S ou th e a st
L a bor-m an age m ent co n tra ct coverage:
E sta b lish m e n ts w ith -M a jo rity o f w orkers c o v e re d .........................
N o n e o r m inority o f w orkers
c o v e r e d ..............................................................
55,128
10.32
927
8.99
6,8 56
9.01
2,483
8.95
7,4 52
7.87
28,969
8.02
1,837
7.39
1,658
7.30
511
8.12
6,523
7.62
Type o f ow nership:
C o m m e rc ia l........................................................
C a p t iv e ................................................................
66,601
17,496
8.63
12.94
2,764
7.93
7,803
8.63
2,994
8.80
~
13,865
7.75
S o u th w e st
N um ber
of w o rkers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
“
G re at Lakes
N um b er
o f w orkers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
$11.00
A vera ge
hourly
ea rnings
N um ber
o f w o rkers
P acific
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
N um b er
o f w orkers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
$8.99
9.02
1,055
976
$8.72
8.88
6,4 49
5,759
$8.15
8.25
8.89
12.15
1,841
1,086
8.20
10.32
785
9.12
3,1 33
3,3 16
8.06
8.24
31,580
11.60
2,219
9.31
377
9.98
2,3 52
8.48
8.02
8,087
8.64
708
7.98
678
8.02
4,097
7.97
7.93
23,818
15,849
9.42
13.36
2,927
8.99
675
380
8.57
8.97
6,228
8.25
5,752
5,359
$8.07
8.07
39,667
Size o f esta blishm e nt:
2 0 -2 4 9 w o rke rs ................................................
2 5 0 w o rke rs o r m o re ......................................
2,355
3,397
6.73
9.00
14,028
25,639
882
8.34
4 ,8 70
5,5 27
T yp e o f ow nership:
C o m m e rc ia l........................................................
C a p t iv e ................................................................
N um ber
o f w orkers
M ountain
-
2,927
2,837
All pro d u ctio n w orke rs3 .....................................
M en ......................................................................
L a bor-m an age m ent co n tra ct coverage:
E sta b lish m e n ts w ith M a jo rity o f w orke rs c o v e re d .........................
N o n e o r m ino rity o f w orkers
c o v e r e d ..............................................................
M iddle W est
-
-
1 E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w o rk on w e eke nds,
holidays, and late shifts.
2 For d e finition of regions, see fo o tn o te 1, tab le A-1, ap pe n d ix A.
3 Inclu des da ta fo r w om en w orkers and data fo r w o rke rs n o t inden-
-
-
-
-
tifia b le by sex in a d dition to da ta fo r m en sho w n separately.
NOTE: D ashes indica te th a t no d a ta w ere re p o rte d o r th a t da ta did
n o t m e et p u blication criteria.
T a b le 2. A ll fe rro u s fo u n d rie s :
E a rn in g s d is trib u tio n
(P ercent distribution of production w orkers by stra ight-tim e hourly e a rn in g s,1 U nited S tate s and selected re g io n s,2 O cto b e r 1986)
H ourly earnings
U nited
S tate s
New
England
M iddle
A tla n tic
B ord er
S tate s
S outh east
S outh w est
G re at
Lakes
M iddle
W est
M o unta in
Pacific
N um b er o f w o rk e rs ....................................................
A vera ge (m ean) hourly earnings3 .........................
M e dian3 .........................................................................
M idd le ra nge:3
First q u a r tile ...............................................................
T h ird q u a rtile ..............................................................
84,097
$9.53
9.14
2,764
$7.93
7.86
8,514
$8.67
8.41
2,994
$8.80
8.70
13,975
$7.75
7.94
5,752
$8.07
8.00
39 ,667
$11.00
10.64
2,927
$8.99
8.68
1,055
$8.72
8.50
6,449
$8.15
8.24
7.62
11.14
6.50
9.02
7.37
9.89
8.10
9.21
6.32
9.03
6.46
9.72
9.00
13.40
7.61
10.15
7.52
9.88
6.26
10.06
T o tal .......................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
U nde r $4.00 ................................................................
.7
-
1.3
1.6
$4.00
$4.25
$ 4 .50
$4.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
un der
$4.25
$4.50
$4.75
$5.00
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
.5
.7
.5
.5
-
.7
.1
.1
.1
1.2
2.6
1.2
.9
1.4
1.2
2.6
1.5
.1
.1
.1
.1
$ 5 .00
$ 5 .25
$ 5 .50
$5.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$5.25
$5.50
$5.75
$6.00
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
6.0
4.2
2.6
3.0
.9
.8
1.1
1.4
.4
.5
.6
.9
2.3
2.0
3.3
3.6
2.2
3.3
2.4
2.6
$6.00
$6.25
$6.50
$6.75
and
and
and
and
un der
un der
under
under
$6.25
$6.50
$6.75
$7.00
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
2.1
1.8
2.7
2.5
3.4
2.5
4.6
3.3
2.8
3.0
2.0
3.7
1.1
.9
1.0
1.5
5.0
3.7
4.2
2.8
$ 7 .00
$7.25
$7.50
$7.75
and
and
and
and
un der
under
under
under
$7.25
$7.50
$7.75
$8.00
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
2.7
2.9
4.1
4.5
3.9
4.7
7.2
5.2
5.4
4.3
4.7
8.0
.7
1.1
5.4
8.0
$8.00
$8.25
$8.50
$8.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
un der
$8.25
$8.50
$8.75
$9.00
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
4.5
3.6
4.0
3.5
6.0
4.7
6.0
4.4
6.6
4.3
5.2
4.5
$9.00
$ 9 .25
$ 9 .50
$9.75
and
and
and
and
un der
un der
un der
un der
$9.25 ............................................
$9.50 ............................................
$9.75 ............................................
$ 1 0 .0 0 ..........................................
5.8
3.1
3.4
2.8
6.9
4.3
2.9
.9
.1
1.0
1.2
.6
-
.3
.3
-
-
0
-
3.1
-
.2
.1
.7
2.3
.9
.7
.9
.1
.2
.2
.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
.2
3.3
1.7
2.1
1.2
3.4
3.7
3.0
2.5
3.5
3.1
5.2
3.5
.3
.4
1.8
1.9
1.6
2.5
4.6
3.5
3.7
2.1
1.5
2.5
4.1
2.7
2.2
3.1
2.4
4.0
4.8
6.7
3.4
4.6
2.1
5.4
2.0
2.0
3.6
2.7
2.6
3.8
6.1
7.7
3.6
1.8
3.6
4.3
3.5
2.6
3.5
2.0
7.0
12.5
10.6
15.4
8.0
4.9
5.3
3.8
2.4
8.4
2.3
1.9
2.7
1.6
2.3
2.3
4.0
5.0
7.4
3.1
8.9
8.9
9.4
3.5
5.6
1.6
4.7
5.1
3.2
5.1
4.4
3.9
7.9
3.1
4.1
1.6
5.1
3.4
3.8
1.9
5.4
2.7
2.5
1.1
6.8
2.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
3.7
3.3
3.2
2.0
3.7
4.8
1.9
6.2
2.3
3.0
1.2
0
0
-
-
“
$1 0.00
$1 0.25
$1 0.50
$ 1 0.75
and
and
and
and
uh der
un der
un der
under
$ 1 0 .2 5 ........................................
$ 1 0 .5 0 ........................................
$ 1 0 .7 5 ........................................
$ 1 1 .0 0 ........................................
3.7
3.8
2.5
2.0
2.5
1.3
.7
.7
3.1
5.9
3.5
2.5
4.1
1.8
1.7
3.0
2.1
2.4
1.6
3.4
2.3
6.9
1.3
1.5
4.1
2.9
3.0
1.4
8.3
4.3
4.2
2.9
.5
1.4
1.6
1.7
5.5
8.3
1.6
1.7
$1 1.00
$ 1 1.25
$ 1 1.50
$ 1 1.75
and
and
and
and
un der
under
un der
un der
$ 1 1 .2 5 ........................................
$ 1 1 .5 0 ........................................
$ 1 1 .7 5 ........................................
$ 1 2 .0 0 ........................................
1.9
1.4
1.8
1.7
.5
.5
.8
.5
.7
1.9
1.2
.5
.9
.5
.5
.3
.4
.4
.4
.7
2.6
3.5
1.5
.5
2.4
1.5
2.8
2.9
3.6
1.3
.6
.5
7.4
2.8
2.7
1.6
2.4
.7
1.2
.6
S ee fo o tn o te s a t end o f table.
T a b le 2. A ll fe rr o u s fo u n d rie s :
E a rn in g s d is trib u tio n — C o n tin u e d
(Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986)
H ourly ea rning s
United
States
N ew
England
M iddle
A tla n tic
B ord er
S ta te s
$ 1 2.00
$ 1 2.25
$ 1 2.50
$ 1 2.75
an d
an d
an d
an d
under
un der
un der
under
$ 1 2 .2 5 ........................................
$ 1 2 .5 0 ........................................
$ 1 2 .7 5 ........................................
$ 1 3 .0 0 ........................................
0.9
.6
.7
.7
0.3
.7
.1
.3
0.2
.3
.3
.2
0.6
.5
.3
.1
$ 1 3.00
$ 1 3.25
$1 3.50
$ 1 3.75
an d
an d
an d
an d
un der
un der
un der
un der
$ 1 3 .2 5 ........................................
$ 1 3 .5 0 ........................................
$ 1 3 .7 5 ........................................
$ 1 4 .0 0 ....................
........
1.2
4.1
4.6
1.2
.3
.3
.1
.1
.5
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
$ 1 4.00
$1 4.25
$ 1 4.50
$ 1 4.75
and
an d
an d
an d
un der
un d e r
un d e r
un d e r
$ 1 4 .2 5 ........................................
$ 1 4 .5 0 ........................................
$ 1 4 .7 5 ........................................
$ 1 5 .0 0 ........................................
.3
.2
.3
.1
.1
.3
.1
.1
$ 1 5.00
$ 1 5.25
$ 1 5.50
$ 1 5.75
and
an d
and
and
un d e r
un d e r
un der
un d e r
$ 1 5 .2 5 ........................................
$ 1 5 .5 0 ........................................
$ 1 5 .7 5 ........................................
$ 1 6 .0 0 ........................................
.2
2.3
.5
.1
.1
.2
.2
$ 1 6.00 an d o v e r .........................................................
.8
.4
.8
0
0
S o uth east
S outh w est
0.1
.3
0
0
0
1.5
.9
1.1
1.1
0.6
1.1
.2
.5
.4
.1
.1
2.4
8.4
9.7
2.5
.5
.8
.5
.3
.4
.3
.6
.1
.3
.2
.3
0
-
.5
.1
.2
.1
.2
-
.1
.1
_
_
.1
-
-
0
_
C)
-
0
.1
1.7
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
2 For definitions of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
3 See appendix A for definitions and methods used to compute means, me
dians, and middle ranges.
-
.2
-
M iddle
W e st
0.2
.3
.9
.6
0
0
.1
G reat
Lakes
-
.1
0
0
-
-
M ountain
P acific
0.4
.6
.7
0.8
-
1.9
1.4
-
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.3
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
-
-
.3
1.6
4.8
1.0
.1
.2
.5
.1
1.2
.7
_
.1
.1
.1
-
_
.1
.3
4 Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100.
Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
.4
T a b le 3.
A ll fe rro u s fo u n d rie s : O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
U nited S tates
D epa rtm e nt and occupation
M a in te n a n c e
C a rp e n te rs ......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
E le c tric ia n s .....................................................
M e n ..............................................................
H elpers, m ain tena nce tra d e s ....................
M a chinists ......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
M e chanics, g e n e ra l.....................................
M e n ..............................................................
M e chanics, m a c h in e ry ................................
M e n ..............................................................
P atternm akers, m e ta l..................................
M e n .... .........................................................
P atternm akers, w o o d ..................................
M e n ..............................................................
R epairers, w ood p a tte rn s ..........................
M e n ..............................................................
P ro c e s s in g
A rc-a ir s c a r fe r s .............................................
A ir-se t o p e ra to rs ...........................................
C e ntrifuga l-castin g m achine
o p e ra to rs .......................................................
M e tal m o ld s ................................................
S a nd -lined m o ld s ......................................
C harging -m ach ine o p e ra to rs .....................
M e n ..............................................................
C hipp ers an d grinders ................................
M e n ..............................................................
W o m e n .......................................................
C h ip p e rs .......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
G r in d e r s .......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
W o m e n .......................................................
C hipp ers and g rin d e rs ..............................
M e n ..............................................................
C ore asse m b le rs and fin is h e rs ................
M e n ..............................................................
C ore m ake rs, h a n d ........................................
B ench ............................................................
F lo o r ..............................................................
B ench an d f lo o r .........................................
S e e fo o tn o te s a t end o f table.
N um ber o f
w o rke rs
A verage
hourly
ea rnings
139
132
1,712
1,474
172
532
480
1,837
1,701
2,4 25
2,063
546
431
392
404
378
$10.69
10.58
12.20
11.96
7.69
10.30
10.38
9.90
9.91
11.14
10.72
12.98
11.02
10.89
8.69
8.63
330
521
9.18
8.35
311
239
72
427
399
9,495
8,467
1,088
846
3,755
3,363
4,652
4,258
1,768
1,039
483
172
384
9.74
10.36
7.67
9.45
9.33
9.07
8.88
11.56
11.61
8.58
8.57
8.87
8.59
11.22
8.87
8.74
9.53
8.74
N ew E ngland
N um b er o f
w o rke rs
10
10
16
16
-
-
42
42
22
22
8
8
8
8
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
$9.19
9.19
10.79
10.79
9.44
9.44
9.38
9.38
9.95
9.95
8.57
8.57
M idd le A tla n tic
N um b er o f
w o rke rs
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
10
10
114
114
11
73
73
298
298
20 2
20 2
61
61
72
72
42
42
$9.54
9.54
10.62
10.62
7.89
9.98
9.98
9.21
9.21
10.13
10.13
10.14
10.14
10.19
10.19
8.56
8.56
-
-
17
50
10.04
8.99
34
34
10.51
10.51
8.63
8.63
8.40
8.46
7.11
7.58
7.58
8.14
8.29
6.87
8.73
8.72
8.13
8.13
9.18
8.73
10.73
8.76
-
-
-
-
-
-
299
287
12
36
32
169
165
94
90
14
14
43
18
10
15
7.70
7.74
6.6 6
8.40
8.52
7.57
7.59
7.67
7.75
8.30
8.30
9.89
10.11
9.04
10.19
-
28
28
1,046
1,000
46
94
93
397
355
42
555
552
76
76
177
77
39
61
B ord er S tates
N um ber of
w orke rs
62
62
52
52
134
134
17
17
-
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
$9.93
9.93
8.62
8.62
10.26
10.26
-
-
10.28
10.28
-
S outh east
N um ber o f
w orke rs
35
32
286
266
74
160
-
A verage
hourly
earnings
357
357
466
389
68
68
95
-
$10.11
10.19
10.24
10.31
8.34
9.74
9.13
9.13
9.88
9.99
9.59
9.59
9.80
-
-
-
45
45
7.77
7.77
-
-
28
34
6.98
6.90
-
-
-
-
136
67
69
75
75
1,257
1,218
16
621
598
620
607
92
72
88
8.53
9.37
7.71
6.40
6.40
6.63
6.64
4.83
6.83
6.85
6.47
6.47
6.13
6.23
6.41
5.98
6.97
-
11
11
479
458
212
191
261
261
11
36
11
-
8.43
8.43
9.20
9.09
10.30
10.15
8.37
8.37
8.45
8.26
8.42
-
42
-
31
T a b le 3.
A ll fe rr o u s fo u n d rie s :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s — C o n tin u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and regions/ October 1986)
U nited S tate s
D e pa rtm e nt and occupation
C ore m ake rs, m a c h in e .................................
M e n ..............................................................
C o re -blo w in g m a chine .............................
M e n ..............................................................
T u rn -o ve r-d ra w m a c h in e .........................
O th e r corem akin g m a c h in e s ..................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n ........................................................
C upo la te n d e rs .............................................
M e n ..............................................................
Fu rna ce ten ders, e le ctric ..........................
Fu rna ce ten ders, h e lp e r s ..........................
M o ld ers, f l o o r .................................................
M olders, hand, b e n c h .................................
M e n ..............................................................
M olders, m achine, a u to m a tic ....................
M e n ..............................................................
M o ld ers, m achine, sem i-auto m atic .........
M e n ..............................................................
Jarring ...........................................................
R o ll-o ve r ......................................................
S que eze ........................................................
O t h e r .............................................................
M e n ..............................................................
C om b in a tio n ................................................
M e n ..............................................................
Pourers, m e tal ...............................................
M e n ..............................................................
S and- o r sh o t-b la st o p e ra to rs ...................
M e n ..............................................................
S and -slinge r o p e ra to rs ...............................
Sand m ix e r s ...................................................
M e n ..............................................................
S hake out w o rke rs ........................................
M e n ..............................................................
S hell-m old a n d /o r she ll-core
m a chine o p e ra to rs ......................................
M e n ..............................................................
T u m b le r o p e ra to rs ........................................
W elders, h a n d ................................................
A s s e m b le rs ..................................................
R epa irers .....................................................
C o m b inatio n ................................................
N um ber of
w orkers
A verage
hourly
ea rnings
1,485
1,354
650
593
127
708
640
524
480
1,274
406
961
295
266
1,064
2,141
2,019
111
406
1,076
107
95
441
2,522
2,352
827
750
156
742
700
1,926
1,629
$9.97
10.01
8.86
8.84
9.00
11.16
11.26
8.90
8.78
9.61
7.82
9.96
9.12
9.21
9.00
9.64
9.45
9.65
9.09
9.74
8.85
9.29
10.12
9.00
8.88
8.09
7.90
9.46
8.79
8.64
9.16
8.52
1,479
287
1,960
146
1,326
488
9.50
8.39
12.04
10.11
12.97
10.09
570
1,389
1,110
9.87
9.83
9.81
-
N ew b n giana
A verage
hourly
ea rning s
N um ber of
w orke rs
13
12
6
$8.35
8.33
8.53
_
_
25
25
32
44
7
7
19
19
95
95
11
72
62
62
30
30
42
42
64
62
30
52
M idd le A tla n tic
N um b er o f
w orke rs
N um b er of
w o rke rs
A verage
hourly
earnings
S o uth east
N um ber of
w orkers
A verage
hourly
earnings
140
118
136
115
$8.19
8.37
8.18
8.38
32
11
$8.70
8.74
357
304
156
150
$7.33
7.25
7.30
7.32
48
48
107
53
180
29
20
74
62
390
378
75
222
52
40
33
33
232
232
80
77
30
100
100
175
175
8.17
8.17
8.93
8.30
9.47
6.79
7.81
8.97
9.75
9.52
9.65
10.20
9.51
8.84
9.87
9.30
9.30
8.76
8.76
7.74
7.76
9.84
7.66
7.66
7.99
7.99
40
40
17
47
16
16
28
28
15
97
97
28
28
48
47
85
85
8.98
8.98
8.39
8.48
7.83
7.83
7.67
7.67
7.25
8.74
8.74
8.06
8.06
8.04
8.02
8.43
8.43
170
68
57
166
86
66
271
294
293
17
57
156
23
23
41
40
463
434
107
105
108
101
267
250
7.41
6.85
7.01
7.76
6.69
7.07
7.16
7.94
7.94
10.17
8.42
7.41
6.57
6.57
9.11
9.13
7.13
7.18
6.64
6.64
7.33
7.36
6.57
6.59
8.12
8.13
8.37
9.65
8.13
9.97
9.90
150
150
9.08
9.08
139
116
6.85
7.04
9.32
9.37
8.96
9.22
7.47
-
•
8.16
8.16
8.99
10.62
10.52
10.52
11.70
11.70
10.41
10.41
12.82
9.85
8.75
8.75
-
7.86
7.86
7.92
7.92
8.24
8.22
8.19
8.41
42
10
7.83
10.82
163
161
27
141
23
67
51
12
-
8.32
7.41
7.81
32
31
61
52
-
A vera ge
hourly
ea rnings
B ord er S tates
-
-
-
-
19
-
7
-
8.10
8.47
-
-
143
37
90
-
9.39
8.30
9.70
Inspection
Insp ectors, cla ss A ......................................
M e n ..............................................................
Insp ectors, class B ......................................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
See fo o tn o te s a t end o f table.
36
27
-
-
9
-
55
34
8.98
9.01
-
47
333
300
“
8.01
7.78
7.79
T a b le 3. A ll fe rro u s fo u n d rie s :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s — C o n tin u e d
(N um ber o f production w orke rs and average stra ight-tim e hourly e a rning s1 in selected occu pation s, U nited S ta te s and re gions,2 O cto b e r 1986)
U nited S tates
D epa rtm e nt and occupation
Inspectors, class C .....................................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
N um b er of
w orke rs
A verage
hourly
ea rning s
1,306
868
$9.18
8.94
New E ngland
N um ber of
w orke rs
M iddle A tlantic
A verage
hourly
earnings
N um ber o f
w orkers
A verage
hourly
earnings
64
11
53
$7.00
8.17
6.75
149
125
24
$7.84
7.90
7.53
13
12
8.89
8.88
181
63
118
460
446
14
34
223
222
205
204
18
18
10.15
9.18
10.67
8.00
8.02
7.37
8.75
8.61
8.62
8.56
8.56
9.27
9.27
B order S tates
N um b er of
w orke rs
19
14
_
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
S outh east
N um ber of
w orkers
$8.70
8.59
141
8.48
8.32
232
170
62
772
669
_
-
A verage
hourly
earnings
$6.89
-
_
_
Material movement
C rane operators, electric b rid g e ..............
U nde r 20 t o n s ............................................
20 to n s and o v e r ......................................
Laborers, general fo u n d r y .........................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
Laborers, m aterial handling ......................
Pow er tru ck o p e ra to rs ................................
M e n ..............................................................
F o r k lif t ..........................................................
M en ..............................................................
O th er tha n forklift .....................................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
Tru ckd rive rs ...................................................
Light t r u c k ....................................................
M edium tru ck .............................................
H eavy t r u c k ................................................
T ra c to r-tra ile r..............................................
1,263
743
520
4,884
4,311
9.87
9.88
9.84
8.27
7.95
-
-
-
-
594
2,684
2,425
2,308
2,070
376
355
8.46
9.65
9.54
9.72
9.61
9.23
9.14
-
-
385
31
137
55
128
8.64
8.05
8.12
8.50
9.36
300
251
284
235
16
628
507
-
80
80
8.17
8.17
-
34
26
25
19
18
7
7
-
8.00
7.86
7.88
7.99
8.03
7.50
7.50
-
17
8.58
-
-
56
-
-
-
10
10
-
-
-
7.54
6.77
7.52
6.69
7.88
8.70
8.34
-
-
43
43
34
34
-
-
8
8.25
-
-
8.69
-
94
49
-
-
281
260
7.98
7.95
-
-
143
139
141
137
-
21
8.28
8.27
8.32
8.31
-
-
266
445
408
364
333
-
81
75
6
7.99
33
9.03
8.41
-
-
-
-
-
8.60
8.51
8.86
6.95
7.05
9
-
7.64
7.65
7.66
7.68
7.68
7.55
7.56
7.35
7.84
6.83
-
7
7.39
80
67
80
67
7.43
7.38
7.43
7.38
Custodial
G uards .............................................................
M en ..............................................................
G uards I .......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
G uards I I ......................................................
Jan itors, porters, and c le a n e rs ................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f table.
-
14
14
6.17
6.17
-
-
49
45
7.16
7.16
6.89
6.89
-
7.43
7.61
-
24
24
24
24
-
10
9
7.33
7.33
7.33
7.33
-
7.17
7.04
-
88
78
10
-
7.06
7.18
6.13
T a b le 3. A ll fe r r o u s fo u n d rie s : O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s — C o n tin u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Southwest
Department and occupation
Maintenance
Carpenters...............................................
M e n ......................................................
Electricians..............................................
M e n ......................................................
Helpers, maintenance trades.................
Machinists ...............................................
M e n ......................................................
Mechanics, general.................................
M e n ......................................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
M e n ......................................................
Patternmakers, m etal..............................
M e n ......................................................
Patternmakers, w o o d ..............................
M e n ......................................................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
M e n ......................................................
Processing
Arc-air scarfers.......................................
Air-set operators.....................................
Centrifugal'Casting machine
operators................................................
Metal m olds..........................................
Sand-lined m olds..................................
Charging-machine operators..................
M e n ......................................................
Chippers and grinders............................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Chippers................................................
Men ...l..................................................
G rinders................................................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Chippers and grinders..........................
M e n ......................................................
Core assemblers and finishers..............
M e n ......................................................
Coremakers, hand..................................
Bench ....................................................
F lo o r......................................................
Bench and flo o r...................................
See fo o tn o te s a t end o f table.
Number of
workers
Great Lakes
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Middle West
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Mountain
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
97
97
12
126
126
195
195
30
30
55
55
40
40
$10.28
10.28
5.69
9.14
9.14
10.25
10.25
10.27
10.27
8.95
8.95
8.48
8.48
60
56
1,016
22
155
152
680
1,207
312
121
106
198
172
$11.64
11.37
13.43
8.35
10.85
10.78
10.69
12.23
14.88
12.52
11.88
8.93
8.83
49
49
21
21
67
67
134
132
9
9
47
46
45
45
$10.24
10.24
14.07
14.07
8.04
8.04
10.47
10.47
9.05
9.05
12.12
12.15
8.86
8.86
22
74
7.30
6.84
126
312
10.20
8.67
32
30
9.34
9.13
-
584
573
-
7.62
7.55
-
75
75
248
220
4,623
3,746
10.25
10.25
10.88
10.84
10.47
10.34
14
14
322
316
6
-
_
-
209
198
361
361
70
70
79
30
36
-
7.89
7.71
7.56
7.56
7.69
7.69
7.66
7.93
7.31
-
874
1,448
1,174
2,301
1,931
1,395
-
408
246
124
-
12.49
9.95
10.19
10.03
9.61
12.11
9.29
9.24
9.01
-
80
78
208
205
50
38
75
38
22
15
-
-
8.38
8.38
8.57
8.60
7.00
-
8.30
8.35
8.39
8.41
8.37
8.80
9.42
9.46
9.71
8.91
18
18
_
-
46
46
_
-
-
-
84
83
-
_
10
10
74
73
32
26
Pacific
Average
hourly
earnings
_
$11.84
11.84
_
_
11.00
11.00
_
_
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
-
_
54
54
42
9
9
87
87
118
118
17
17
_
_
15
15
_
$11.31
11.31
6.68
11.08
11.08
10.94
10.94
10.46
10.46
15.07
15.07
_
_
9.82
9.82
_
_
98
_
8.78
_
_
_
7.95
7.94
_
_
6.23
6.23
8.18
8.18
_
8.94
_
8.99
18
18
_
12
12
801
786
_
_
609
594
_
178
178
_
101
18
_
71
10.02
10.02
_
8.54
8.54
7.46
7.44
_
_
_
7.40
7.37
_
7.67
7.67
-
_
-
_
_
9.07
6.88
_
9.35
Table 3. All ferrous foundries: Occupational earnings averages—Continued
(N um ber o f production w orkers and average stra ight-tim e ho urly ea rning s' in se le cte d occu pation s, U nited S tates and re gions,1' O cto b e r 1986)
S outh w est
D epartm ent and occupation
C orem akers, m a c h in e .................................
M e n .............................................................
C ore -blo w in g m achine ............................
M en .............................................................
T u rn-over-draw m a c h in e .........................
O th er corem akin g m a c h in e s .................
Men .............................................................
W om e n ......................................................
C upola te n d e r s .............................................
M e n .............................................................
F urnace tenders, electric ..........................
F urnace tenders, h e lp e rs ..........................
M olders, f lo o r ................................................
M olders, hand, b e n c h .................................
M e n .............................................................
M olders, m achine, a u to m a tic ....................
M en .............................................................
M olders, m achine, sem i-autom atic ........
Men .............................................................
Jarring ..........................................................
R oll-o ver ......................................................
S queeze .......................................................
O t h e * ............................................................
Men .............................................................
C om b inatio n ...............................................
M e n .............................................................
Pourers, m etal ..............................................
M e n .............................................................
Sand- o r sho t-blast o p e ra to rs ..................
M e n .............................................................
S and -slinge r operators ..............................
S and m ixers ..................................................
M e n ....................... ......................................
S hakeout w orkers .......................................
M en .............................................................
S hell-m old a n d /o r shell-core
m achine o p e ra to rs .....................................
M e n .............................................................
T u m bler o p e ra to rs .......................................
W elders, h a n d ...............................................
A s s e m b le rs .................................................
R epairers ....................................................
C om b inatio n ...............................................
G reat Lakes
M iddle W est
A vera ge
hourly
ea rnings
N um b er of
w orke rs
14
66
66
126
118
$9.17
9.17
10.21
10.21
7.62
7.62
6.09
6.09
8.27
7.02
7.96
8.56
6.48
6.48
5.61
6.14
8.61
8.61
7.22
7.20
7.41
8.27
8.27
7.36
7.18
759
716
216
199
60
483
457
26
261
228
641
109
361
510
889
781
161
406
26
26
233
1,170
1,031
357
286
83
303
271
997
-
$11.83
11.78
9.92
9.79
11.02
12.78
12.75
13.32
10.14
9.92
10.61
8.99
11.13
10.01
11.27
10.93
10.45
11.93
10.48
10.48
11.01
10.09
9.88
9.29
9.09
9.82
10.27
10.02
10.74
-
123
113
60
34
8.05
7.86
8.88
9.70
673
156
1,228
52
986
190
11.02
9.42
13.45
11.89
14.15
10.26
-
338
749
558
10.39
11.29
11.46
42
41
N um b er of
w orke rs
112
112
74
74
19
19
28
28
96
60
65
49
182
182
85
60
209
207
47
46
-
-
A verage
hourly
earnings
N um ber of
w orke rs
37
36
24
23
11
-
M ountain
A verage
hourly
earnings
56
28
67
57
53
132
131
81
31
31
125
125
42
42
32
30
98
97
$8.76
8.78
9.18
9.23
7.62
8.13
8.13
9.06
8.95
10.97
9.53
9.66
8.08
8.07
8.40
7.57
7.57
8.40
8.40
8.08
8.08
7.70
7.71
7.82
7.80
52
50
12
96
38
8.27
8.30
8.28
11.07
10.66
22
22
-
N um ber of
w orkers
_
30
13
30
10
10
10
25
25
6
6
6
10
10
29
29
13
13
-
-
P acific
A vera ge
hourly
ea rnings
N um b er of
w orke rs
A verage
hourly
earnings
_
_
_
$9.50
7.99
8.52
-
-
-
8.35
8.35
8.35
8.73
8.73
7.81
7.81
8.97
8.27
8.27
7.15
7.15
9.10
9.10
-
-
12
12
31
31
129
53
126
29
29
130
130
-
11
54
139
139
137
137
7
45
45
107
107
$7.73
7.73
7.58
7.58
9.18
7.17
9.97
9.89
9.89
8.63
8.63
9.04
7.70
_
-
7.98
7.98
6.67
6.67
8.91
7.87
7.87
7.67
7.67
102
102
9
213
113
79
9.11
9.11
8.18
9.94
10.01
9.56
76
71
67
54
10.12
10.05
7.87
7.61
Inspection
Inspectors, class A .....................................
M en .............................................................
Insp ectors, class B .....................................
M en .............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
48
37
42
40
8.85
8.78
7.59
7.63
-
10.15
10.14
-
10
10
-
9.15
9.15
-
-
-
Table 3. All ferrous foundries: Occupational earnings averages—Continued
(N um ber o f p roductio n w orke rs and average straight-tim e ho urly ea rn in g s' in se le cte d occu pation s, U nited S tate s and re gions,2 O cto b e r 1986)
S outhw est
D ep a rtm e n t and occu pation
Insp ectors, class C ......................................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
N um ber of
w orke rs
23
17
-
G re at Lakes
A verage
hourly
earnings
$ 6 .1 9
6 .2 7
-
N um b e r of
w o rke rs
745
M iddle W est
A verage
hourly
ea rning s
$ 1 0 .6 1
-
-
-
-
N um ber of
w orke rs
M ountain
A vera ge
hourly
ea rnings
61
53
8
$ 8 .5 0
8 .6 8
7 .3 2
60
9 .5 8
9 .9 6
7 .8 8
8 .4 9
8 .4 2
9 .1 7
8 .4 5
8 .7 4
8 .7 4
8 .7 9
8 .7 9
8 .0 5
8 .0 5
N um ber of
w orke rs
9
Pacific
A verage
hourly
earnings
$ 9 .3 8
N um b er of
w o rke rs
-
-
95
81
-
-
-
-
A vera ge
hourly
earnings
$ 6 .1 3
6 .2 2
-
Material movement
C rane o p erators, e le ctric b rid g e ..............
U nde r 2 0 t o n s ............................................
2 0 to n s and o v e r .......................................
Laborers, ge nera l fo u n d r y .........................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
Laborers, m aterial handling ......................
P ow er tru ck o p e ra to rs ................................
M e n ..............................................................
F o r k lif t ...........................................................
M e n ..............................................................
O th e r tha n fo rk lift ......................................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
T ru ckd rive rs ...................................................
Light t r u c k ....................................................
M edium tru ck .............................................
Heavy tru ck .................................................
T ra c to r-tra ile r...............................................
75
42
33
436
430
18
167
144
167
144
37
13
8 .6 5
8 .1 6
9 .2 8
6 .1 7
6 .1 5
5 .7 5
7 .6 5
7.41
7 .6 5
7.41
7 .1 8
6 .7 6
532
313
219
2 ,2 0 0
1 ,7 8 2
205
1 ,5 1 6
1 ,3 2 7
1 ,2 5 4
1 ,0 8 0
262
247
149
58
1 0 .8 7
1 1 .3 3
10.21
9 .7 2
9 .1 6
9 .6 9
1 0 .8 9
1 0 .7 9
11.11
1 1 .0 3
9 .8 5
9.71
-
-
-
-
49
11
111
100
11
9
90
88
84
82
6
6
-
9 .4 7
8 .1 8
15
'
8 .9 3
57
27
30
511
511
51
49
51
49
53
20
20
9 .1 2
9 .1 0
9 .1 4
6 .2 5
6 .2 5
8 .1 7
8 .1 4
8 .1 7
8 .1 4
8 .0 3
8 .1 8
8 .3 7
-
-
-
-
-
74
1 0 .0 4
-
-
-
-
-
-
92
8 .9 9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Custodial
G u a r d s .............................................................
M e n ..............................................................
G uards I .......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
G uards I I ......................................................
Jan itors, porters, and c le a n e rs .................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
53
53
48
48
46
46
~
5 .8 9
5 .8 9
5 .6 9
5 .6 9
5 .7 5
5 .7 5
90
357
-
9 .0 3
1 0 .2 3
15
14
“
7 .0 8
7.01
“
38
35
5 .7 8
5 .7 6
-
' E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eeke nds, holidays,
NOTE: D ashes indica te tha t no da ta w ere re ported o r th a t da ta did not
and late shifts.
m e et publication criteria. O verall o ccu pation m ay includ e d a ta fo r subclas2 For de fin itio n o f regions, see fo o tn o te 1, table A-1, ap pend ix A.
sifica tio n s no t show n separately.
Table 4. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics
(N um ber o f production w orkers and average stra ight-tim e hourly e a rn in g s1 by s e le c te d cha racte ristics, U nited S tate s and re gions,2 O cto b e r 1986)
U nited S tates
C haracteristic
N um ber of
w orke rs
A verage
hourly
earnings
M iddle A tlantic
New E ngland
N um ber o f
w orke rs
A verage
hourly
earnings
N um ber of
w orke rs
A verage
hourly
earnings
B ord er S tate s
S outh east
N um ber of
w orke rs
A verage
ho iirly
earnings
N um ber of
w orke rs
A verage
hourly
ea rnings
.....................................................
42,520
35,604
$10.04
9.55
888
887
$8.86
8.86
3,558
3,474
$8.79
8.84
2,911
2,794
$8.83
8.80
5,944
5,475
$7.07
7.02
Size o f establishm ent:
20 -249 w o r k e r s ................................................
250 w o rke rs or m o re ......................................
20,044
22,476
8.34
11.56
888
_
8.86
_
2,659
899
8.71
9.05
860
2,051
8.00
9.18
2,912
3,032
6.52
7.60
31,736
10.90
602
9.12
2,679
9.14
2,400
8.98
3,050
7.79
10,784
7.52
286
8.29
879
7.73
511
8.12
2,894
6.32
29,535
12,985
8.56
13.42
888
8.86
_
3,397
_
8.81
_
2,911
8.83
-
5,944
-
7.07
_
M en
.
Labor-m an age m ent co n tra ct coverage:
E stablishm ents with N one o r m inority o f w orkers
T yp e o f ow nership:
S outh w est
N um b er of
w orke rs
A ll p roductio n w orke rs3 .....................................
Men .....................................................................
A verage
hourly
earnings
N um b er of
w orke rs
M ountain
M iddle W est
G reat Lakes
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
N um ber o f
w orke rs
A verage
hourly
earnings
N um ber of
w orke rs
Pacific
A verage
hourly
earnings
N um b er of
w orke rs
A verage
hourly
earnings
1,620
1,613
$7.03
7.03
24,670
$11.55
1,457
1,406
$8.29
8.33
324
320
$8.40
8.40
1,148
1,148
$7.68
7.68
1,395
6.30
8,652
16,018
9.26
12.79
1,206
8.08
_
324
_
8.40
_
1,148
_
7.68
20,939
12.05
895
8.63
84
8.34
780
8.20
_
Size o f establishm ent:
250 w orke rs o r m o re ......................................
La bor-m an age m ent co n tra ct coverage:
E stablishm ents w ith -M ajority o f w orke rs c o v e re d .........................
N one or m inority of w orkers
Type o f ow nership:
C o m m e rc ia l........................................................
_
-
1,313
6.12
3,731
8.75
562
7.76
240
8.42
368
6.57
1,395
6.30
12,226
12,444
9.50
13.57
1,457
_
8.29
169
_
8.04
_
1,148
_
7.68
_
1 E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w o rk on w eeke nds, holidays,
and late shifts.
2 For de finition o f regions, see foo tnote 1, tab le A-1, append ix A.
3 Inclu des da ta fo r w om en w orke rs and da ta fo r w o rke rs not in d e n tifia b le by
_
sex in addition to d a ta fo r m en show n separately.
NOTE: D ashes indica te th a t no da ta w ere re ported or th a t da ta did not m eet
p u blication criteria.
Table 5. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Earnings distribution
(Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986)
H ourly earnings
United
S tates
N ew
E ngland
M iddle
A tla n tic
B ord er
S tate s
S ou th e a st
S o u th w e st
G reat
Lakes
M iddle
W est
M ountain
P acific
N um b e r o f w o rk e rs .............................................
A ve ra g e (m ean) hourly ea m in g sJ .........................
M e dian3 .........................................................................
M idd le ra nge:3
First q u a r tile ...............................................................
T h ird q u a rtile ..............................................................
42,520
$10.04
9.24
888
$8.86
8.71
3,558
$8.79
8.25
2,911
$8.83
8.72
5,944
$7.07
6.97
1,620
$7.03
6.25
24.670
$11.55
11.85
1,457
$8.29
7.92
324
$8.40
8.30
1,148
$7.68
7.55
7.81
13.14
7.67
9.37
7.06
9.87
8.14
9.24
5.83
8.45
5.16
8.58
9.14
13.52
6.90
9.00
7.76
9.22
6.62
8.65
T o ta l .......................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
U nde r $4.00 ........................................................
.4
-
2.2
.9
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
_
$4.00
$4.25
$4.50
$4.75
and
and
and
and
un der
under
un der
under
$ 4 .2 5 ......................................
$4.50 ......................................
$ 4 .7 5 ......................................
$5.00 ......................................
.5
.9
.6
.4
$5.00
$5.25
$5.50
$5.75
and
and
and
and
under
un der
under
un der
$ 5 .2 5 ......................................
$5.50 ......................................
$5.75 ......................................
$ 6 .0 0 ......................................
1.1
.9
1.0
1.1
$6.00
$6.25
$6.50
$6.75
and
and
and
and
un der
un der
un der
un der
$6.25
$6.50
$6.75
$7.00
......................................
......................................
......................................
......................................
$7.00
$7.25
$7.50
$7.75
an d
and
and
and
un der
under
under
un d e r
$7.25
$7.50
$7.75
$8.00
$8.00
$8.25
$8.50
$8.75
an d
and
an d
an d
$9.00
$9.25
$9.50
$9.75
an d
an d
an d
an d
.3
.1
-
.1
.3
.1
.1
.1
2.2
5.5
1.9
1.4
3.3
3.4
8.5
3.2
.9
.3
.1
1.4
.7
.2
.9
.9
.4
.5
.6
1.0
4.5
2.6
3.3
4.8
6.0
9.3
5.7
3.3
1.7
1.7
2.2
2.5
.9
2.9
4.3
2.0
3.5
3.8
3.2
6.1
1.1
.9
1.0
1.6
5.2
6.4
5.2
5.2
......................................
......................................
......................................
......................................
2.5
2.2
4.4
4.0
4.2
2.7
8.4
3.7
8.7
4.0
6.0
6.5
.6
.8
5.1
7.0
un der
un der
un der
un d e r
$ 8 .2 5 ......................................
$8.50 ......................................
$8.75 ......................................
$9.00 ......................................
3.9
3.0
4.5
3.5
7.1
7.4
4.1
6.2
4.8
4.2
6.3
4.0
un der
un der
un der
un der
$9.25 ......................................
$9.50 ......................................
$9.75 ......................................
$10.00....................................
7.5
2.2
2.5
1.9
12.3
8.4
2.4
1.7
-
1.3
.9
.3
2.0
.1
1.8
2.1
1.5
.3
2.5
1.2
-
3.2
1.1
3.3
1.7
6.4
1.9
4.6
2.3
.1
.2
.7
1.1
3.1
2.8
8.2
6.0
6.5
.6
1.9
.3
4.9
2.1
4.9
6.8
1.7
4.2
4.8
4.3
4.0
2.0
1.9
2.9
1.4
1.3
3.5
3.1
3.6
5.6
9.8
7.6
3.1
2.2
4.6
7.1
9.5
5.7
6.7
3.5
6.8
12.6
10.9
15.8
6.3
3.3
6.1
2.7
3.0
2.0
2.3
1.9
2.3
1.3
2.5
2.3
4.3
4.3
11.5
1.9
15.1
9.6
16.0
2.5
11.5
2.4
7.4
1.1
2.4
2.8
4.0
3.0
8.1
3.1
4.2
1.6
7.0
2.4
.8
.7
.9
.4
2.7
1.7
9.1
1.9
2.5
2.2
1.6
2.3
1.3
.6
1.9
5.9
9.6
1.2
2.6
.1
2.2
.4
1.2
.5
2.0
.4
.7
.1
.6
1.5
1.5
2.1
3.8
3.2
.3
2.5
.8
1.4
.3
8.1
2.3
.9
2 .5
.4
-
$10.00
$10.25
$10.50
$10.75
and
an d
an d
an d
un der
un der
un der
un der
$10.25..................................
$10.50..................................
$10.75..................................
$11.00..................................
1.8
1.7
2.1
1.0
5.1
2.1
1.2
.9
2.7
2.8
3.4
2.3
4.2
1.8
1.7
3.1
$11.00
$11.25
$11.50
$11.75
and
and
and
and
un der
un der
under
under
$11.25..................................
$11.50..................................
$11.75..................................
$12.00..................................
1.8
.6
.6
.9
.5
.5
2.3
.5
See footnotes at end of table.
1.1
2 .4
1.7
1.0
1.5
.7
.9
-
.3
-
_
0
.1
5.6
2.3
.5
.7
2 .0
2 .7
1.2
3 .5
.3
.1
.3
2.7
0
2 .7
.3
.4
2 .2
-
_
1.2
-
.1
.1
.3
Table 5. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Earnings distribution—Continued
(Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,’ United States and selected regions,2 October 1986)
Hourly earnings
United
States
New
England
$12.00
$12.25
$12.50
$12.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$12.25..................................
$12.50..................................
$12.75..................................
$13.00..................................
1.2
.7
1.0
.9
0.3
.5
.5
.3
$13.00
$13.25
$13.50
$13.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$13.25..................................
$13.50..................................
$13.75..................................
$14.00..................................
1.9
5.8
7.9
2.0
.5
.7
.3
.1
$14.00
$14.25
$14.50
$14.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$14.25..................................
$14.50..................................
$14.75..................................
$15.00..................................
.3
.2
.5
.1
.5
.1
.2
.2
$15.00
$15.25
$15.50
$15.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$15.25..................................
$15.50..................................
$15.75..................................
$16.00..................................
.3
.6
4.0
1.0
.2
.2
.6
.6
$16.00 and over .................................................
1.1
1.0
Middle
Atlantic
Border
States
0.6
.5
.3
.1
0
0.4
.3
.4
.1
.1
.1
.2
1.0
.2
.1
_
0
.1
.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
-
_
-
0
.2
4.0
' Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
2 For definitions of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
3 See appendix A for definitions and methods used to compute means, me
dians, and middle ranges.
.2
Southeast Southwest
0
-
_
-
0.1
3.0
.1
C)
0
-
_
-
0
_
.1
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
Great
Lakes
2.0
.9
1.4
1.5
0.5
1.0
.1
3.1
9.8
13.6
3.5
.1
.1
.1
.5
.2
.9
.1
.1
Middle
West
.5
1.0
6.9
1.6
1.2
Mountain
Pacific
0.3
.2
-
1.2
-
.3
.1
.1
-
_
_
-
.1
.1
-
_
.2
-
-
.5
-
-
_
.2
.9
1.0
-
_
_
-
-
.9
4 Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100.
Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
.2
Table 6. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings averages-AII establishments
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
United States
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Maintenance
Carpenters...............................................
M en ......................................................
Electricians..............................................
M en .....................................................
Helpers, maintenance trades.................
Machinists ...............................................
Mechanics, general................................
M en .....................................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
M en ......................................................
Patternmakers, metal..............................
M en .....................................................
Patternmakers, wood..............................
M en ......................................................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
M en ......................................................
31
27
910
73
205
1,112
1,012
1,095
335
194
179
257
237
$11.62
11.05
13.03
8.26
10.55
9.79
9.86
11.98
13.87
11.33
10.85
8.90
8.83
Processing
Arc-air scarfers .......................................
Air-set operators.....................................
Charging-machine operators..................
M en ......................................................
Chippers and grinders ............................
M en .....................................................
Women ................................................
Chippers................................................
M en ......................................................
Grinders ................................................
M en .....................................................
Chippers and grinders..........................
M en .....................................................
Core assemblers and finishers..............
M en .....................................................
Coremakers, hand..................................
Bench ....................................................
Floor......................................................
Bench and floor...................................
Coremakers, machine.............................
M en ......................................................
Core-blowing machine .........................
M en .....................................................
Turn-over-draw machine......................
M en ......................................................
Other coremaking machines...............
M en .....................................................
Cupola tenders .......................................
M en .....................................................
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
Furnace tenders, helpers.......................
16
274
301
275
5,474
4,859
563
465
1,666
1,525
3,245
2,869
1,320
563
255
93
215
852
736
345
300
43
37
464
399
378
345
642
155
8.40
8.73
9.88
9.73
9.38
9.02
11.84
11.37
9.56
9.41
8.86
8.44
11.34
8.81
8.58
10.18
8.48
9.96
10.00
8.62
8.50
6.62
6.68
11.27
11.44
9.16
8.92
9.79
7.41
See footnotes at end of table.
New England
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Middle Atlantic
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Border States
Number of
workers
Southeast
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
29
29
8
8
$9.48
9.48
8.57
8.57
30
30
14
135
135
49
49
40
40
25
25
$11.39
11.39
10.42
8.86
8.86
10.26
10.26
9.92
9.92
8.06
8.06
62
62
50
134
134
17
17
-
$9.93
9.93
8.63
10.26
10.26
10.28
10.28
-
66
66
• 14
243
243
95
95
48
48
31
31
$10.05
10.05
8.77
9.14
9.14
9.92
9.92
9.49
9.49
8.75
8.75
-
8.13
8.13
8.58
8.58
8.30
8.30
7.72
7.72
9.91
10.04
10.19
8.89
8.89
17
14
14
535
518
160
143
301
301
61
61
110
62
21
27
79
62
77
61
7.62
7.63
7.63
8.37
8.43
8.22
8.43
8.66
8.66
7.80
7.80
9.14
8.61
11.73
8.34
7.55
7.80
7.52
7.81
11
11
463
442
210
189
251
251
11
31
11
31
10
8.43
8.43
9.25
9.14
10.32
10.18
8.39
8.39
8.45
8.29
8.42
8.72
8.81
12
40
40
729
715
14
255
253
464
452
77
71
34
18
229
70
70
6.27
5.88
5.88
6.11
6.11
6.34
6.58
6.57
5.89
5.88
6.16
6.23
6.00
4.68
7.06
7.08
7.08
-
156
156
30
30
65
65
61
61
-
32
11
15
7
7
-
21
21
16
-
-
8.11
8.11
8.54
-
30
30
59
20
-
8.39
8.39
8.40
8.16
-
40
40
14
-
8.98
8.98
8.47
-
136
31
31
84
“
-
7.28
7.09
7.09
7.39
“
Table 6. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings averages--AII establishments—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
United States
Department and occupation
Molders, floor..........................................
Molders, hand, bench.............................
M e n ......................................................
Molders, machine, automatic.................
M e n ......................................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
M en ......................................................
Jarring ...................................................
Roll-over ...............................................
Squeeze ................................................
O ther.....................................................
Combination .........................................
M en ......................................................
Pourers, metal ........................................
M en ......................................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators................
M en ......................................................
Sand-slinger operators ...........................
Sand mixers............................................
M en ......................................................
Shakeout workers ..................................
M en ......................................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators................................
M en ......................................................
Tumbler operators..................................
M en ......................................................
Welders, hand.........................................
Repairers ..............................................
Combination .........................................
New England
Middle Atlantic
Average
hourly
earnings
Border States
Southeast
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
616
212
587
537
1,385
1,278
20
264
779
40
282
1,641
1,505
397
376
70
507
471
1,427
-
$9.78
9.34
9.05
9.09
9.51
9.15
7.18
9.02
9.32
8.98
10.72
8.98
8.74
8.63
8.37
9.66
9.17
8.97
9.31
-
37
7
7
10
10
75
75
9
54
22
22
24
24
34
34
$10.90
10.52
10.52
12.59
12.59
10.62
10.62
13.67
9.90
8.86
8.86
7.83
7.83
7.84
7.84
125
20
20
39
39
227
227
63
140
20
129
129
34
34
47
47
125
125
$9.23
7.81
7.81
9.72
9.72
9.63
9.63
10.33
9.32
9.81
8.53
8.53
7.22
7.22
8.32
8.32
8.10
8.10
45
28
28
92
92
28
28
48
47
79
79
$8.49
7.67
7.67
8.82
8.82
8.06
8.06
8.04
8.02
8.47
8.47
36
169
167
190
190
131
324
319
57
57
72
70
192
189
$5.70
7.05
7.02
7.17
7.17
6.92
6.94
6.93
6.16
6.16
7.08
7.08
6.34
6.33
1,000
203
191
957
839
83
9.89
8.40
8.41
13.97
14.51
9.66
31
31
22
22
6
-
8.17
8.17
8.13
8.13
10.00
-
94
92
11
11
23
8
10
7.45
7.45
9.01
9.01
10.84
9.85
13.88
150
150
8
-
9.08
9.08
8.35
-
56
55
39
38
6.25
6.29
8.97
9.07
202
794
655
684
-
10.40
10.39
10.26
10.11
-
14
14
-
7.54
7.54
-
20
14
-
8.79
9.67
-
53
32
19
14
-
9.02
9.08
8.70
8.59
-
21
256
232
45
41
-
7.91
7.70
7.69
5.70
5.73
-
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
I n s p e c t io n
Inspectors, class A ................................
Inspectors, class B ................................
M en ......................................................
Inspectors, class C ................................
Men ......................................................
Women ................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings averages-AII establishments—Continued
(N um ber o f productio n w orke rs and average straight-tim e hourly earnings' in selected occu pation s, U nited S tate s and re gions,2 O cto b e r 1986)
U nited States
D e pa rtm e nt and occu pation
N um ber of
w orkers
A verage
hourly
earnings
N ew England
N um ber of
w orkers
M iddle A tla n tic
A verage
hourly
earnings
N um ber of
w orke rs
A verage
hourly
earnings
B ord er S tates
N um ber of
w orkers
A verage
hourly
earnings
S outh east
N um ber of
w orkers
A verage
hourly
earnings
Material movement
C rane op erators, ele ctric b r id g e ..............
U nder 20 t o n s ............................................
20 ton s and o v e r .......................................
Laborers, general fo u n d r y .........................
M en ..............................................................
Laborers, m aterial handling ......................
Pow er tru ck op e ra to rs ................................
M en ..............................................................
Fo rklift ...........................................................
M en ..............................................................
O th e r than fo rklift .....................................
M en ..............................................................
Tru ckd rive rs ...................................................
Light t r u c k ....................................................
M edium tru ck .............................................
H eavy tru ck .................................................
T ra c to r-tra ile r..............................................
523
293
230
2,511
2,127
359
1,583
1,425
1,406
1,265
177
160
201
14
74
23
72
$10.38
10.47
10.27
8.68
8.05
8.46
9.96
9.80
10.10
9.95
8.84
8.59
8.77
8.07
8.41
7.82
9.63
133
8.27
8.27
9.51
72
72
16
14
14
$8.20
8.20
7.86
7.96
7.96
11
11
8.22
-
9
-
7
-
8.22
8.89
8.28
-
-
-
-
-
88
12
76
189
184
25
75
75
71
71
25
-
$11.35
8.06
11.87
7.96
7.99
9.19
8.36
8.36
8.29
8.29
8.51
-
9
6
8.43
7.95
14
14
14
14
25
23
8.16
8.16
8.16
8.16
7.56
7.92
91
46
281
260
141
137
139
135
20
-
$8.49
8.33
7.98
7.95
8.28
8.27
8.32
8.31
_
8.00
-
56
35
21
283
279
-
$7.50
7.33
7.78
6.66
6.64
-
233
199
190
160
43
39
7.21
7.14
7.28
7.20
6.89
6.88
7.38
_
_
-
9
-
-
Custodial
G uards .............................................................
M e n ..............................................................
G uards I .......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
Jan itors, porters, and c le a n e rs ................
M e n ..............................................................
S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f table.
-
133
319
“
“
24
24
24
24
9
8
7.33
7.33
7.33
7.33
7.14
7.00
33
33
33
33
38
33
6.55
6.55
6.55
6.55
6.37
6.37
Table 6. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings averages-AII establishments—Continued
(N um ber o f production w orkers and average stra ight-tim e hourly earnings' in selected occu pation s, U nited S tate s and regions,2 O cto b e r 1986)
S outh w est
D epartm ent and occupation
M a in te n a n c e
C a rp e n te rs ......................................................
Men ..............................................................
E le c tric ia n s .....................................................
Men ..............................................................
H elpers, m aintenance tra d e s ....................
M a chinists ......................................................
M echanics, g e n e ra l.....................................
M e n .............................................................
M echanics, m a c h in e ry ................................
M e n .............................................................
P atternm akers, m e ta l..................................
M e n .............................................................
Patternm akers, w o o d ..................................
M en .............................................................
R epairers, w ood p a tte rn s ..........................
M en .............................................................
N um ber of
w orke rs
A verage
hourly
ea rning s
G reat Lakes
N um ber of
w orke rs
M iddle W est
A verage
hourly
earnings
35
35
10
9
35
35
43
43
27
27
13
13
$10.48
10.48
5.66
10.69
8.68
8.68
10.52
10.52
7.71
7.71
9.61
9.61
22
681
100
461
758
213
67
139
119
$13.06
-
49
7.04
6.75
6.75
7.05
7.05
5.78
5.78
7.61
7.61
8.77
8.77
6.12
5.60
8.58
8.58
9.28
9.28
5.56
5.56
8.07
6.28
175
211
185
2,949
2,391
763
664
1,760
1,042
231
104
103
437
396
125
108
309
197
9.48
11.13
11.09
10.88
10.49
11.45
11.35
10.06
12.25
9.41
9.73
8.78
12.29
12.24
9.95
9.71
13.28
10.46
13.97
11.11
10.60
12.88
16.03
13.60
9.04
8.94
N um ber of
w orkers
M ountain
A verage
hourly
earnings
22
22
51
51
54
54
6
6
-
$9.30
9.30
7.79
7.79
10.20
10.20
9.00
9.00
-
25
25
9.18
9.18
N um b er of
w orkers
Pacific
A verage
hourly
earnings
-
-
-
-
N um ber of
w orke rs
_
_
A verage
hourly
earnings
_
_
7
7
_
_
-
$10.92
10.92
_
_
-
24
24
_
-
9.91
9.91
6
9.86
9.86
6
-
Processing
A rc-a ir scarfers .............................................
A ir-set o p e ra to rs ...........................................
C harging-m achine o p e ra to rs .....................
Men .............................................................
C hipp ers and grinders ................................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
C h ip p e rs .......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
G rin ders .......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
C hippers and g rin d e rs ..............................
M e n ..............................................................
C ore assem blers and fin is h e rs ................
M e n ..............................................................
C orem akers, h a n d ........................................
B ench ...........................................................
F lo o r ..............................................................
B ench and f lo o r .........................................
C orem akers, m a c h in e .................................
M en ..............................................................
C ore -blo w in g m achine ............................
M e n ..............................................................
Tu rn-over-dra w m a c h in e .........................
M en ..............................................................
O th e r corem aking m a c h in e s .................
M en ..............................................................
C upo la ten ders .............................................
M en .............................................................
Furnace tenders, ele ctric ..........................
Furnace tenders, h e lp e r s ..........................
See footnotes at end of table.
6
6
284
284
76
76
198
198
23
23
34
12
38
38
27
27
23
23
45
24
-
362
34
-
11.16
8.96
-
8
11
11
165
160
52
50
111
108
36
25
34
25
23
22
15
14
7
7
17
17
26
8
7.18
7.96
7.96
7.96
8.01
7.93
7.98
7.99
8.03
7.46
7.81
8.32
7.82
8.39
8.41
8.68
8.73
7.37
7.37
7.53
7.53
8.38
7.02
47
47
47
47
20
-
$8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
9.06
-
15
8.83
-
146
146
85
85
52
52
_
37
10
19
19
21
-
7.26
7.26
7.50
7.50
6.88
6.88
8.84
7.36
_
7.60
7.60
7.63
-
Table 6. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings averages-AII establishments—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Great Lakes
Southwest
Department and occupation
Molders, flo o r .............................................
Molders, hand, b e n c h ..............................
M e n .........................................................
Molders, machine, au tom a tic..................
M e n .........................................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
M e n .........................................................
J a rrin g ......................................................
Roll-over ..................................................
Squeeze ...................................................
O th e r ........................................................
Combination ............................................
M e n .........................................................
Pourers, metal ...........................................
M e n .........................................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators.................
M e n .........................................................
Sand-slinger operators ............................
Sand m ix e rs ...............................................
M e n .........................................................
Shakeout workers .....................................
M e n .........................................................
Shell-mold a n d /o r shell-core
machine o p e ra to rs ..................................
M e n .........................................................
Tumbler o p e ra to rs .....................................
M e n .........................................................
Welders, h a n d ............................................
R e p a ire rs .................................................
Combination ............................................
Number of
workers
_
Average
hourly
earnings
_
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Middle West
Number of
workers
Mountain
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
19
19
128
128
78
50
77
77
27
26
26
26
69
69
$7.93
7.93
5.78
5.78
5.69
5.92
7.04
7.04
7.98
7.96
8.13
8.13
5.92
5.92
246
275
231
584
290
208
859
728
196
176
243
212
780
-
$11.28
10.29
10.59
11.49
11.61
11.35
10.16
9.88
10.02
9.63
•10.73
10.47
11.04
-
25
35
31
101
101
62
25
25
83
83
18
18
21
19
72
72
$9.95
9.31
9.52
7.75
7.75
7.92
7.73
7.73
8.32
8.32
7.43
7.43
7.49
7.49
7.48
7.48
23
9
9
-
12
-
8.29
-
580
116
104
845
799
-
11.33
9.59
9.73
14.62
14.79
-
46
44
8
8
9
11
-
7.93
7.95
8.05
8.05
7.89
-
-
5.78
5.78
“
158
440
352
480
-
10.92
12.38
12.29
11.38
“
40
32
8
9
-
9
9
20
20
-
Pacific
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
$8.79
7.57
7.57
8.41
8.41
7.34
7.34
47
57
57
33
19
19
46
46
32
32
17
17
56
56
$9.62
7.13
7.13
6.51
8.18
8.18
7.52
7.52
7.72
7.72
7.18
7.18
7.44
7.44
7.60
7.60
-
13
13
12
11
-
7.38
7.38
8.01
8.06
-
-
-
-
-
Inspection
Inspectors, class A ...................................
Inspectors, class B ...................................
M e n .........................................................
Inspectors, class C ...................................
M e n .........................................................
W o m e n ...................................................
S e e footnotes at end of table.
8
8
“
7.92
8.07
7.32
“
-
Table 6. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings averages--AII establishments—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Southwest
Department and occupation
M aterial m ovem ent
Crane operators, electric brid g e .............
Under 2 0 to n s ........................................
2 0 tons and o v e r ...................................
Laborers, general fo u n d ry.......................
M e n ........................................................
Laborers, material handling ....................
Power truck o p e ra to rs .............................
M e n ........................................................
F o rk lift.....................................................
M e n .........................................................
Other than fo r k lift..................................
M e n ........................................................
Truckdrivers ..............................................
Light tru c k ...............................................
Medium truck .........................................
Heavy truck ............................................
Tractor-trailer..........................................
C ustodial
G u a rd s .......................................................
M e n ........................................................
Guards I ..................................................
M e n ........................................................
Janitors, porters, and clean ers...............
M e n ........................................................
Number of
workers
15
9
-
Great Lakes
Average
hourly
earnings
$9 .5 1
8 .1 0
-
109
109
-
5.41
5.41
-
Number of
workers
243
168
75
1 ,3 4 6
-
-
-
-
-
89
1 ,0 0 2
886
878
775
124
111
99
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
55
_
-
_
_
-
52
50
52
50
9
9
7.41
7 .3 7
7.41
7 .3 7
4 .6 2
4 .6 2
38
_
_
_
_
220
-
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
Middle West
Average
hourly
earnings
$ 1 1 .6 6
12.21
1 0 .4 4
1 0 .0 4
1 0 .3 2
1 1 .2 6
1 1 .0 7
1 1 .5 0
1 1 .3 3
9 .6 0
9 .2 7
9 .4 5
_
8 .3 9
_
9 .9 9
_
_
_
_
1 0 .7 7
-
Number of
workers
15
9
6
31
31
-
Mountain
Average
hourly
earnings
$ 8 .7 3
9 .4 5
7 .6 5
7 .6 0
7 .6 0
_
44
42
43
41
_
_
8 .0 0
7 .9 7
8 .0 4
8 .0 0
Number of
workers
_
_
13
13
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
10
10
_
_
_
_
_
9 .0 8
_
_
_
_
$ 6 .0 7
6 .0 7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
7
Pacific
Average
hourly
earnings
_
7 .0 5
7 .0 5
_
_
_
Number of
workers
_
_
Average
hourly
earnings
_
_
187
187
$ 6 .1 9
6 .1 9
18
18
18
18
7 .1 0
7 .1 0
7 .1 0
7 .1 0
27
7 .7 3
8
6 .6 7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not
meet publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications not shown separately.
Table 7. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings averages by size of establishment
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings’ in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
New England
United States
Middle Atlantic
Border States
Southeast
Establishments with —
20-249 workers
Department and occupation
250 workers or
more
Aver
Number
Number
age
hourly
of
of
workers earn workers
ings
20-249
workers
20-249 workers
Aver
Aver
Aver
age
Number
age
Number
age
hourly
of
hourly
hourly
of
earn workers earn workers earn
ings
ings
ings
250 workers or
more
Aver
Number
age
Number
hourly
of
of
workers earn workers
ings
20-249
workers
250 workers or
more
Aver
Aver
age
Number
age
hourly
of
hourly
earn workers earn
ings
ings
Number
of
workers
Aver
age
hourly
earn
ings
Maintenance
C arpenters..................................................
M e n .........................................................
E lectrician s.................................................
M e n .........................................................
Helpers, maintenance tra d e s ..................
Machinists ..................................................
Mechanics, g e n e ra l...................................
M e n .........................................................
Mechanics, m a chinery..............................
M e n .........................................................
Patternmakers, m e ta l................................
Patternmakers, w o o d ................................
M e n .........................................................
Repairers, wood p a tte rn s ........................
M e n .........................................................
18
18
201
201
42
112
554
554
395
395
46
46
131
131
156
156
$10.28
10.28
10.32
10.32
7.50
9.14
8.67
8.67
9.29
9.29
9.70
9 70
10.12
10.12
8.27
8.27
13
709
93
558
700
289
$13.47
13.79
12.25
10.90
13.49
14.53
29
29
-
$9.48
9.48
-
23
23
10
87
87
37
37
-
$11.37
11.37
10.05
8.54
8.54
9.88
9.88
-
63
101
-
13.84
9.87
-
_
8
8
_
8.57
8.57
34
34
25
25
9.68
9.68
8.06
8.06
80
129
2,367
633
516
1,254
11.51
11.91
11.41
11.14
10.90
11.11
12.50
9.33
7.73
156
156
30
30
65
65
61
61
32
11
8.13
8.13
8.58
8.58
8.30
8.30
7.72
7.72
9.91
10.04
17
12
12
412
395
24
24
130
113
258
258
59
59
108
60
21
27
61
46
59
45
7.62
7.49
7.49
8.11
8.18
8.58
8.58
8.05
8.29
8.10
8.10
7.71
7.71
9.11
8.55
11.73
8.34
7.39
7.70
7.35
7.71
15
15
8
8
-
$10.29
10.29
-
47
47
-
9.49
9.49
-
_
-
7.42
7.45
7.78
7.78
7.98
-
11
11
335
318
-
$9.81
9.81
_
-
18
18
132
132
36
36
_
-
$8.84
8.84
8.08
8.08
9.12
9.12
-
_
-
48
48
_
111
111
_
25
25
$10.51
10.51
10.39
10.39
_
10.45
_
-
_
-
-
-
Processing
Arc-air s c a rfe rs ..........................................
Air-set o p e ra to rs ........................................
Charging-machine op erators...................
M e n .........................................................
Chippers and grinders ..............................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
C hipp ers...................................................
M e n .........................................................
Grinders ...................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Chippers and grin ders...........................
M e n .........................................................
Core assemblers and fin is h e rs ...............
M e n .........................................................
Coremakers, h a n d .....................................
Bench .......................................................
F lo o r.........................................................
Bench and flo o r ......................................
Coremakers, m a c h in e ...............................
M e n .........................................................
Core-blowing machine ..........................
M e n .........................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
12
194
172
172
3,107
3,076
31
83
83
1,033
1,009
24
1,991
1,984
343
329
524
234
89
201
328
306
188
173
8.08
7.58
8.36
8.36
7.83
7.84
6.39
7.72
7.72
8.59
8.64
6.42
7.44
7.44
8.02
8.08
8.77
8.66
10.22
8.25
6.88
6.91
7.23
7.31
-
977
39
21
-
524
430
157
127
-
11.89
12.20
10.28
10.13
-
-
15
7
7
-
“
10.19
8.89
8.89
-
128
124
72
72
7
-
-
-
11
-
-
8.43
8.43
9.95
9.79
_
-
8.45
_
-
36
36
516
511
_
115
114
_
395
391
27
142
136
51
51
6.06
6.06
5.73
5.72
5.79
5.79
_
5.72
5.71
6.76
_
_
6.42
6.43
7.19
7.19
213
204
_
140
139
_
_
_
87
-
-
7.05
7.07
_
7.22
7.21
_
_
_
_
8.10
_
-
-
Table 7. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings averages by size o f establishment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions/ October 1986)
United States
New England
Middle Atlantic
Border States
Southeast
Establishments with
20-249 workers
Department and occupation
250 workers or
more
20-249
workers
20-249 workers
250 workers or
more
20-249
workers
250 workers or
more
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Number age
Number
Number
age
age
age
Number
Number
age
Number
age
Number
age
Number
age
hourly
hourly
hourly
hourly
of
of
of
of
hourly
hourly
of
of
hourly
hourly
of
of
workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
K>
>
U
Turn-over-draw m a chine.......................
M e n .........................................................
Other coremaking m a chines................
M e n .........................................................
Cupola te n d e rs .........................................
M e n .........................................................
Furnace tenders, electric ........................
Furnace tenders, h e lp e rs ........................
Molders, flo o r.............................................
Molders, hand, b e n c h ..............................
M e n .........................................................
Molders, machine, autom atic..................
M e n .........................................................
Molders. machine, semi-automatic ........
M e n .........................................................
Jarring ......................................................
Roll-over ..................................................
Squeeze ...................................................
O th e r ........................................................
Combination .........................................
M e n .........................................................
Pourers, metal ..........................................
M e n .........................................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators.................
M e n .........................................................
Sand-slinger operators ............................
Sand m ix e rs ...............................................
M e n .........................................................
Shakeout workers ....................................
M e n .........................................................
Shell-mold a n d /o r shell-core
machine o p e ra to rs ..................................
M e n .........................................................
Tumbler o p e ra to rs ....................................
M e n .........................................................
Welders, h a n d ............................................
A ssem blers..............................................
Combination ............................................
See footnotes at end of table.
43
37
97
96
263
263
348
120
466
381
377
1,063
1,063
20
165
693
36
149
149
965
960
252
251
54
310
306
785
782
$6.62
406
404
159
159
159
13
30
8.37
8.37
8.06
8.06
9.09
7.25
9.57
6.68
6.32
6.28
8.23
8.23
8.40
7.67
8.95
8.33
8.33
8.89
8.89
7.18
8.02
9.25
8.57
8.50
8.50
8.02
8.02
7.66
7.66
9.65
7.93
7.93
7.75
7.75
367
303
115
294
150
206
322
676
145
125
197
165
642
594
44
798
53
_
28
28
38
13
106
16
10
10
75
75
9
54
-
_
$8.11
8.11
8.54
10.90
10.52
10.52
12.59
12.59
10.62
10.62
13.67
9.90
-
22
22
8.86
8.86
68
68
24
24
34
34
7.83
7.83
7.84
7.84
28
28
45
45
91
91
10.92
-
31
31
76
76
9.66
22
22
6
8.17
8.17
8.13
8.13
10.00
-
$12.57
13.07
11.29
11.44
12.38
10.39
11.53
10.34
10.31
9.80
11.12
10.88
11.23
14.94
9.71
_
21
21
16
37
7
7
-
16
39
39
171
171
63
84
20
-
9
9
19
-
$8.19
8.19
8.30
8.34
9.05
7.77
7.77
9.72
9.72
9.64
9.64
10.33
9.12
9.81
8.81
8.81
7.22
7.22
8.37
8.37
7.98
7.98
7.47
7.47
8.84
8.84
10.95
-
-
14
-
27
27
27
27
-
-
8
-
$8.47
8.70
8.70
7.48
7.48
-
8.35
-
_
20
20
8
8
65
65
24
24
20
73
73
-
8.87
8.87
8.28
8.28
8.76
8.49
8.49
_
21
21
53
15
127
127
163
163
121
189
184
39
39
42
40
125
122
_
$6.43
6.43
7.16
6.51
6.49
6.49
7.10
7.10
6.85
6.52
6.48
5.79
5.79
6.42
6.38
5.99
5.96
-
39
39
-
6.99
6.99
-
$9.16
9.16
9.27
9.27
-
-
_
68
31
135
135
18
18
30
30
67
67
“
_
$8.46
7.79
7.53
7.53
6.97
6.97
8.00
8.00
7.00
7.00
-
Table 7. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings averages by size o f establishment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
New England
United States
Middle Atlantic
Border States
Southeast
Establishments with —
20-249 workers
Department and occupation
250 workers or
more
20-249 workers
Aver
Aver
Number
Number
Number
age
age
hourly
hourly
of
of
of
workers earn workers earn workers
ings
ings
Aver
Aver
Number
age
age
hourly
hourly
of
earn workers earn
ings
ings
20-249
workers
250 workers or
more
20-249
workers
Aver
Number
age
hourly
of
workers earn
ings
Aver
Number
age
hourly
of
workers earn
ings
Aver
Number
age
hourly
of
workers earn
ings
250 workers or
more
Number
of
workers
Aver
age
hourly
earn
ings
Inspection
Inspectors, class A ...................................
M e n .........................................................
Inspectors, class B ...................................
M e n .........................................................
Inspectors, class C ...................................
M e n .........................................................
N>
25
25
220
186
287
231
$8.62
8.62
8.10
7.77
9.38
8.79
177
574
469
397
-
$10.65
11.27
11.24
10.64
-
14
14
-
$7.54
7.54
-
17
11
17
17
$8.60
9.63
8.29
8.29
-
245
115
130
1,364
1,363
158
485
483
420
418
65
65
164
13
58
59
9.55
8.85
10.17
7.46
7.47
8.62
8.07
8.07
8.02
8.02
8.39
8.39
8.23
8.16
7.99
7.69
8.80
278
178
100
1,147
1,098
942
986
847
112
95
37
16
13
11.11
11.51
10.40
10.13
10.80
10.69
10.99
10.91
9.10
8.74
11.17
9.92
13.42
72
72
16
14
14
11
11
-
8.20
8.20
7.86
7.96
7.96
8.22
8.22
8.89
8.28
-
47
12
35
150
149
22
51
51
48
48
19
8
-
12.57
8.06
14.11
8.09
8.09
9.32
7.88
7.88
7.81
7.81
8.46
8.17
-
12
80
80
12
-
50
50
50
50
118
114
5.36
5.36
5.36
5.36
7.53
7.62
83
83
201
10.02
10.02
10.68
-
-
14
14
14
14
15
13
8.16
8.16
8.16
8.16
7.14
7.71
-
51
30
19
14
$9.14
9.29
8.70
8.59
16
16
$5.76
5.76
139
-
$7.90
-
39
34
201
180
129
125
129
125
-
8.81
8.80
8.17
8.16
8.52
8.51
8.52
8.51
-
23
17
137
137
-
33
18
146
142
156
130
26
8.18
7.96
-
-
6.52
6.65
5.72
5.72
6.54
6.54
6.69
6.69
7.20
-
-
7.53
7.54
7.55
7.48
7.57
-
-
18
16
5.99
5.96
25
25
25
25
20
17
7.28
7.28
7.28
7.28
6.71
6.76
Material movement
Crane operators, electric b rid g e .............
Under 20 to n s .........................................
20 tons and o v e r ....................................
Laborers, general fo u n d ry .......................
M e n .........................................................
Laborers, material handling ....................
Power truck o p e ra to rs ..............................
M e n .........................................................
Forklift ......................................................
M e n .........................................................
Other than forklift ...................................
M e n .........................................................
Truckdrivers ...............................................
Light tru c k ................................................
Medium truck ..........................................
Heavy truck .............................................
T ractor-trailer...........................................
22
9
- 7
-
$7.02
7.49
7.49
7.86
-
77
77
60
60
7
22
7.54
Custodial
G u a rd s ........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Guards I ...................................................
M e n .........................................................
Janitors, porters, and cle a n e rs ...............
M e n .........................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
-
-
-
-
Table 7. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings averages by size of establishment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Southwest
Mountain
Middle West
Great Lakes
Pacific
Establishments with—
20-249 workers
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
M aintenance
E lectrician s.................................................
M e n .........................................................
Helpers, maintenance tra d e s ..................
Machinists ..................................................
Mechanics, g e n e ra l..................................
M e n .........................................................
Mechanics, m a ch in e ry.............................
M e n .........................................................
Patternmakers, m e ta l...............................
Patternmakers, w o o d ...............................
Men .........................................................
Repairers, wood p a tte rn s ........................
M e n .........................................................
K>
Cfi
P rocessing
Air-set o p e ra to rs.......................................
Charging-machine op erators...................
M e n .........................................................
Chippers and grinders .............................
M e n .........................................................
Grinders ...................................................
M e n .........................................................
Chippers and g rin ders...........................
M e n .........................................................
Core assemblers and finishe rs...............
M e n .........................................................
Coremakers, h a n d ....................................
Bench .......................................................
Bench and flo o r .....................................
Coremakers, m a c h in e ..............................
M e n .........................................................
Core-blowing machine ..........................
M e n .........................................................
Turn-over-draw m a chine.......................
M e n .........................................................
Cupola tenders ..........................................
M e n .........................................................
Furnace tenders, electric ........................
Furnace tenders, h e lp e rs ........................
Molders, flo o r .............................................
Molders, machine, au tom a tic..................
M e n .........................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
250 workers or more
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
20
20
10
7
35
35
18
18
27
27
9
9
$8.95
8.95
5.66
10.17
8.68
8.68
7.75
7.75
7.71
7.71
8.32
8.32
96
96
143
143
237
237
60
60
$10.76
10.76
8.72
8.72
9.26
9.26
7.96
7.96
585
38
318
521
208
-
$14.50
13.95
11.45
14.53
16.10
-
15
15
51
51
27
27
25
25
$9.58
9.58
7.79
7.79
10.26
10.26
9.18
9.18
49
6
6
219
219
76
76
133
133
17
17
34
12
22
22
11
11
23
23
39
24
7.04
6.75
6.75
5.82
5.82
5.78
5.78
5.85
5.85
7.87
7.87
6.12
5.60
6.38
6.38
5.91
5.91
5.56
5.56
7.52
6.28
99
99
99
1,322
1,322
460
460
862
862
210
89
-
7.65
9.48
9.48
8.95
8.95
10.41
10.41
8.16
8.16
9.24
8.31
-
112
1,627
303
898
908
379
338
12.59
12.46
13.02
11.88
12.93
13.06
13.10
12.14
12.34
8
11
11
161
156
48
46
111
108
36
25
34
25
16
15
7
7
7
17
17
16
8
25
26
22
7.18
7.96
7.96
7.93
7.97
7.81
7.86
7.99
8.03
7.46
7.81
8.32
7.82
8.06
8.06
8.30
7.37
7.37
7.53
7.53
8.47
7.02
9.95
9.07
9.32
-
-
-
-
-
“
-
114
114
136
34
138
132
132
-
9.24
9.24
9.21
8.96
9.36
9.60
9.60
-
83
226
-
-
-
-
143
10.92
20-249
workers
20-249 workers
Number of
workers
-
-
47
47
47
47
20
15
-
23
-
Average
hourly
earnings
-
$8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
9.06
8.83
-
8.79
-
Number of
workers
7
7
-
24
24
6
6
146
146
85
85
52
52
37
10
-
19
19
21
-
47
-
-
Average
hourly
earnings
$10.92
10.92
9.91
9.91
9.86
9.86
7.26
7.26
7.50
7.50
6.88
6.88
8.84
7.36
-
7.60
7.60
7.63
-
9.62
-
Table 7. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings averages by size of establishment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Great Lakes
Southwest
Middle West
Mountain
Pacific
Establishments with—
20-249 workers
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
0\
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
Men .........................................................
Roll-over ..................................................
Squeeze ...................................................
Combination ............................................
M e n .........................................................
Pourers, metal ...........................................
M e n .........................................................
Sand- or shot-blast op erators.................
M e n .........................................................
Sand m ix e rs ...............................................
M e n .........................................................
Shakeout workers .....................................
M e n .........................................................
Shell-mold a n d/or shell-core
machine o p e ra to rs ...................................
Men .........................................................
Tumbler op e ra to rs.....................................
Welders, h a n d ............................................
Repairers .................................................
Insp ection
Inspectors, class A ...................................
Inspectors, class B ...................................
M e n .........................................................
Inspectors, class C ...................................
M e n .........................................................
M aterial m ovem ent
Crane operators, electric b rid g e .............
Under 20 to n s .........................................
20 tons and o v e r ....................................
Laborers, general fo u n d ry .......................
M e n .........................................................
Power truck o p e ra to rs ..............................
M e n .........................................................
Forklift ......................................................
Men .........................................................
Other than forklift ...................................
Truckdrivers ...............................................
Medium truck ..........................................
Heavy truck .............................................
T ractor-trailer...........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
128
128
78
50
62
62
17
16
22
22
63
63
$5.78
5.78
5.69
5.92
5.94
5.94
6.08
5.94
7.55
7.55
5.40
5.40
10
-
7.44
-
-
5.78
5.78
59
34
205
-
8.10
8.10
5.10
5.10
6.51
6.41
6.51
6.41
86
44
597
597
241
241
202
202
8
8
9
9
103
103
42
40
42
40
345
345
270
467
467
109
109
105
105
325
325
-
-
-
-
“
“
78
30
44
250 workers or more
Average
hourly
earnings
$10.84
10.84
11.62
8.74
8.74
8.70
8.70
8.74
8.74
8.96
8.96
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
239
392
87
138
455
-
$12.42
11.85
11.68
12.25
12.54
-
101
101
62
25
25
75
75
18
18
19
17
65
65
$7.75
7.75
7.92
7.73
7.73
8.21
8.21
7.43
7.43
7.36
7.35
7.35
7.35
423
32
758
-
11.83
10.41
15.23
-
46
44
11
-
7.93
7.95
7.89
-
9.66
8.63
10.27
-
158
381
318
275
-
10.92
12.80
12.68
12.20
-
26
20
9.92
10.50
8.46
8.46
9.11
9.11
9.01
9.01
157
124
33
749
761
645
676
573
85
21
”
12.61
12.82
11.85
11.30
13
6
25
25
26
26
25
25
-
-
8.41
7.53
8.86
-
11.94
11.80
12.24
12.15
9.57
13.32
“
20-249
workers
20-249 workers
-
~
_
Average
hourly
earnings
_
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
$7.57
7.57
8.41
8.41
7.34
7.34
57
57
33
19
19
46
46
32
32
17
17
56
56
$7.13
7.13
6.51
8.18
8.18
7.52
7.52
7.72
7.72
7.18
7.18
7.44
7.44
-
7.60
7.60
-
13
13
12
11
7.38
7.38
8.01
8.06
7.51
7.70
-
-
8.74
7.65
7.38
7.38
7.53
7.53
7.57
7.57
13
13
-
-
7
Number of
workers
9.08
-
9
9
9
9
20
20
8
8
-
6.07
6.07
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
187
187
18
18
18
18
-
-
-
“
“
27
8
“
6.19
6.19
7.10
7.10
7.10
7.10
7.73
6.67
“
Table 7. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings averages by size of establishment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and re gions/ October 1986)
Southwest
Great Lakes
Middle West
Mountain
Pacific
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
20-249 workers
NJ
-J
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
250 workers or more
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
20-249
workers
20-249 workers
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Custodial
Janitors, porters, and cle a n e rs ...............
M e n .........................................................
9
9
$4.62
4.62
54
54
$8.87
8.87
166
$11.39
10
10
$7.05
7.05
-
-
-
-
' Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late
NOTE: Dashes indicate no data were reported or that data did not meet publication crishifts.
teria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications not shown separately.
2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
Table 8. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings averages by labor-management contract coverage
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
New England
United States2
Middle Atlantic
Border States
Southeast
Establishments with —
Majority covered
Department and occupation
None or a
None or a
None or a
Majority covered
Majority covered
minority covered
minority covered
minority covered
Aver
Aver
Number
age
Number
age
hourly
hourly
of
of
workers earn workers earn
ings
ings
to
00
M aintenance
C arpenters...................................................
M e n ..........................................................
E lectricians..................................................
M e n .........................................................
Helpers, maintenance tra d e s ...................
Machinists ...................................................
Mechanics, g e n e ra l...................................
M e n ..........................................................
Mechanics, m a c h in e ry ..............................
M e n ..........................................................
Patternmakers, m e ta l................................
M e n ..........................................................
Patternmakers, w o o d ................................
M e n ..........................................................
Repairers, wood p a tte rn s .........................
M e n ..........................................................
P rocessing
Arc-air scarfers ..........................................
Air-set o p e ra to rs ........................................
Charging-machine o p e ra to rs ....................
M e n ..........................................................
Chippers and grinders ..............................
M e n ..........................................................
Women ....................................................
C hipp ers...................................................
M e n ..........................................................
Grinders ...................................................
M e n ..........................................................
Chippers and g rin ders............................
M e n ..........................................................
Core assemblers and fin is h e rs...............
M e n ..........................................................
Coremakers, h a n d .....................................
Bench ........................................................
F lo o r..........................................................
Bench and flo o r ......................................
Coremakers, m a c h in e ...............................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
30
26
774
56
186
734
734
982
297
140
125
141
141
14
114
250
236
3,840
3,394
1,132
1,042
2,210
1,952
1,131
-
347
145
81
121
582
528
53
$11.79
11.22
13.53
9.03
10.54
10.30
10.30
12.29
14.46
12.37
11.81
9.41
9.41
8.66
10.77
10.52
10.33
10.35
9.99
10.55
10.40
9.81
9.38
12.08
-
9.41
9.44
10.42
8.69
11.19
11.24
10.67
136
17
19
378
113
113
38
38
54
54
116
-
160
51
1,634
1,465
65
65
534
483
1,035
917
189
174
15
216
110
12
94
270
-
Number
of
workers
Aver
age
hourly
earn
ings
Number
of
workers
$10.13
5.74
10.67
8.80
9.27
9.27
9.22
9.22
8.62
8.62
8.27
-
27
27
-
$9.52
9.52
-
-
7.28
6.77
7.09
6.78
8.15
8.15
7.46
7.26
6.83
6.43
6.90
6.83
7.70
7.84
7.46
8.59
8.20
7.30
-
97
97
57
57
24
15
8.66
8.66
8.42
8.42
10.28
10.19
59
59
41
41
8
7
-
Aver
age
hourly
earn
ings
-
$7.25
7.25
6.91
6.91
-
8.82
8.78
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Aver
Number
age
of
hourly
workers earn
ings
27
27
12
116
136
35
35
36
36
10
10
$11.58
11.58
10.66
8.97
8.97
11.26
11.26
10.03
10.03
8.20
8.20
13
13
363
351
141
129
148
148
20
20
70
29
16
25
64
47
-
7.58
7.58
8.97
9.07
7.87
8.03
10.75
10.75
9.13
9.13
9.86
9.53
12.89
8.29
7.51
7.83
-
Number
of
workers
Aver
age
hourly
earn
ings
None or a
minority
covered
Majority covered
Number
of
workers
Aver
age
hourly
earn
ings
Number
of
workers
Aver
age
hourly
earn
ings
Number
of
workers
Aver
age
hourly
earn
ings
19
19
15
15
$8.24
8.24
7.97
7.97
57
57
50
124
124
15
15
-
$9.89
9.89
8.63
10.35
10.35
10.04
10.04
-
12
132
132
20
20
$8.81
9.06
9.06
9.17
9.17
25
25
6
111
111
34
34
-
$10.35
10.35
5.87
9.23
9.23
9.43
9.43
-
15
172
167
153
153
41
41
40
33
-
7.70
7.09
7.09
6.63
6.63
7.15
7.15
7.88
7.80
-
11
11
377
360
249
249
-
8.43
8.43
9.62
9.46
8.41
8.41
-
14
14
263
249
14
106
104
157
145
-
6.78
6.78
6.82
6.85
6.34
-
12
26
26
466
466
149
149
307
307
73
67
18
18
_
124
-
6.27
5.40
5.40
5.71
5.71
5.88
5.88
5.66
5.66
6.09
6.16
4.68
4.68
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
105
104
-
7.56
7.56
6.32
6.34
-
7.34
7.32
-
-
-
6.83
-
T a b le 8. G ra y iro n fo u n d rie s , e x c e p t p ip e a n d fittin g s :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s b y la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c t c o v e r a g e — C o n tin u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
M idd le A tla n tic
N ew E ngland
U nited S tate s3
B o rd e r S ta te s
S o u th e a st
E s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith —
M ajority covered
D e p a rtm e n t an d o ccu pation
Num ber
of
w orkers
C ore -blo w in g m a ch in e .............................
M e n ...............................................................
W om e n ........................................................
T u rn-over-dra w m a c h in e .........................
M e n ..............................................................
O th e r co re m a kin g m a c h in e s ..................
M e n ...............................................................
W om e n ........................................................
C up o la t e n d e r s ..............................................
M e n ...............................................................
F u rna ce ten ders, e le ctric ...........................
F u rn a ce ten ders, h e lp e r s ...........................
M o ld ers, f lo o r .................................................
M o ld ers, hand, b e n c h .................................
M e n ...............................................................
M olders, m achine, a u to m a tic ....................
M e n ...............................................................
M o ld ers, m achine, sem i-a u to m a tic .........
M e n ...............................................................
Jarring ...........................................................
R oll-o ve r .......................................................
S que eze ........................................................
O t h e r .............................................................
C om b in a tio n ................................................
Pourers, m etal ...............................................
M e n ...............................................................
S and - o r sh o t-b la st o p e ra to rs ...................
M e n ...............................................................
S and -slinge r o p e ra to rs ...............................
S and m ix e r s ...................................................
M e n ..............................................................
S h a ke o u t w o rke rs ........................................
M e n ...............................................................
S h e ll-m o ld a n d /o r s h e ll-co re
m a chine o p e ra to rs ......................................
M e n ...............................................................
T u m b le r o p e ra to rs ........................................
M e n ...............................................................
W elders, h a n d ................................................
R epa irers ......................................................
C o m b inatio n ................................................
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e nd o f table.
227
199
27
11
11
344
318
26
276
259
393
116
410
319
317
835
728
117
436
10
268
1,135
1,059
270
250
55
345
311
981
-
668
139
139
900
832
41
A ve r
age
hourly
earn
ings
$9.04
9.13
8.16
8.13
8.13
12.72
12.67
13.28
9.87
9.60
10.64
7.74
10.68
10.30
10.30
10.81
10.39
11.59
10.60
10.41
10.87
9.68
9.41
9.51
9.19
10.37
9.99
9.76
10.41
-
10.66
9.42
9.42
14.34
14.56
10.86
N one o r a
N one or a
N one o r a
M a jo rity c o ve re d
M a jo rity cove re d
m in o rity cove re d
m ino rity cove re d
m ino rity covered
N um ber
of
w orke rs
A ve r
age
hourly
ea rn
ings
118
101
26
120
102
86
249
39
206
60
268
220
550
550
16
147
343
30
506
44 6
127
126
15
162
160
44 6
422
$7.82
7.26
6.07
7.11
7.25
6.90
8.45
6.44
7.99
9.17
7.57
7.34
7.52
7.52
6.78
6.97
7.69
8.50
7.39
7.16
6.77
6.76
7.08
7.43
7.43
6.91
6.76
332
64
8.32
6.21
-
57
7
42
-
8.20
8.07
8.49
N um b er
of
w o rk e rs
_
A v e r
age
hourly
e a rn
ings
_
N um b er
of
w orke rs
_
-
15
15
23
10
10
54
54
9
39
15
15
12
12
25
25
$8.15
8.15
11.19
12.59
12.59
11.09
11.09
13.67
10.07
8.91
8.91
8.59
8.59
8.15
8.15
-
14
14
-
8.67
8.67
-
-
9
14
21
21
15
12
12
-
8
8
“
A v e r
age
hourly
e a rn
ings
N um b er
of
w o rk e rs
A v e r
age
hourly
ea rn
ings
$8.38
10.42
9.40
9.40
9.48
7.07
7.07
-
63
47
18
18
43
20
82
18
18
22
22
149
149
33
108
104
104
22
22
28
28
72
72
$7.47
7.83
8.62
8.62
8.69
8.1 6
9.76
7.58
7.58
9.56
9.56
9.88
9.88
11.64
9.51
8.62
8.62
7.17
7.17
8.67
8.67
8.92
8.92
7.19
7.19
“
72
70
9
9
15
7
“
7.19
7.19
9.05
9.05
12.87
9.90
"
N um b er
of
w o rke rs
_
12
12
16
43
17
17
78
78
30
32
25
25
12
12
19
19
53
53
A v e r
age
ho urly
ea rn
ings
_
$8.04
8.04
7.64
8.21
9.92
9.92
9.16
9.16
8.88
8.66
8.13
8.13
7.31
7.31
7.79
7.79
6.99
6.99
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
None or a
m ino rity
c o ve re d
M a jo rity co v e re d
N um b e r
of
w o rk e rs
_
—
31
31
10
10
70
70
26
26
40
39
47
47
“
A v e r
ag e
ho urly
e a rn
ings
_
$ 8 .92
8.9 2
9.05
9.0 5
8.84
8.84
8.24
8.24
8.3 2
8 .3 0
8.23
8.23
-
—
N um b e r
of
w o rk e rs
62
62
43
42
16
16
36
71
69
54
54
26
184
179
28
28
26
24
87
87
-
A v e r
age
hourly
e a rn
ings
$7.35
7.35
7.31
7.29
8.30
8.3 0
7.75
8.3 2
8.2 9
8.58
8.58
8.02
7.59
7.58
7.16
7.16
7.99
8.05
7.63
7.63
-
N um b er
of
w o rke rs
_
93
15
15
48
34
98
98
136
136
105
-
A v e r
age
ho urly
e a rn
ings
-
140
140
29
29
46
46
105
102
$7.26
5.80
5.80
7.12
5.64
6.13
6.13
6.62
6.62
6.64
6.09
6.09
5.20
5.20
6.57
6.57
5.27
5.22
36
35
9
-
5.14
5.16
6.26
-
-
T a b le 8,
G r a y iro n fo u n d r ie s , e x c e p t p ip e a n d fittin g s : O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e r a g e s b y la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c t c o v e r a g e — C o n tin u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
U nited S tates3
N ew E nglan d
M idd le A tla n tic
B ord er S tates
S o u th e a s t
E s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith -
M ajority covered
D e pa rtm e nt and o ccu p a tio n
N um ber
of
w orkers
In s p e c tio n
Inspectors, cla ss A ......................................
Insp ectors, cla ss B ......................................
M e n ...............................................................
W om e n ........................................................
Insp ectors, cla ss C ......................................
M e n ...............................................................
u>
o
M a te ria l m o v e m e n t
C rane operators, e le ctric b r id g e ...............
U nde r 20 t o n s .............................................
20 to n s and o v e r .......................................
Laborers, general fo u n d r y ..........................
M e n ...............................................................
Laborers, m aterial handling .......................
Pow er tru ck op e ra to rs .................................
M e n ...............................................................
F o r k lif t ...........................................................
M e n ...............................................................
O th e r tha n fo rk lift ......................................
M e n ...............................................................
T ruckdrive rs ....................................................
Light t r u c k .....................................................
M edium tru ck ..............................................
H eavy tru ck .................................................
T ra c to r-tra ile r...............................................
C u s to d ia l
G u a r d s ..............................................................
M e n ...............................................................
G ua rds I ........................................................
M e n ...............................................................
Jan itors, porters, and c le a n e rs .................
M e n ...............................................................
See fo o tn o te s a t e nd o f table.
A ver
age
hourly
ea rn
ings
124
689
581
571
$11.72
10.82
10.64
10.57
-
-
N one o r a
None or a
N one o r a
M ajority cove re d
M a jo rity c o ve re d
m inority covered
m ino rity c o ve re d
m ino rity c o ve re d
N um ber
of
w orkers
A ver
age
hourly
earn
ings
105
74
113
69
$7.62
7.22
7.77
7.50
439
216
223
1,982
1,649
316
1,331
1,217
1,213
1,112
118
105
146
8
54
12
58
10.80
11.34
10.28
9.23
8.49
8.61
10.45
10.23
10.59
10.38
9.00
8.61
9.24
9.09
8.94
8.32
9.85
84
77
529
478
43
252
208
193
55
11
14
8.19
8.03
6.61
6.50
7.38
7.38
7.30
7.03
-
88
10.11
45
45
45
45
70
4.66
4.66
4.66
4.66
6.33
-
88
249
“
-
10.11
10.41
“
“
-
7.52
7.27
8.75
“
N um ber
of
w orke rs
A v e r
age
hourly
ea rn
ings
N um b er
of
w o rk e rs
A v e r
age
ho urly
e a rn
ings
N um b e r
of
w o rke rs
-
-
-
-
18
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
69
69
9
9
-
-
-
8
6
-
$8.31
8.31
8.01
8.01
8.95
8.27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
"
A v e r
age
hourly
e a rn
ings
$8.95
9.84
-
N um b er
of
w o rke rs
A v e r
age
hourly
e a rn
ings
-
-
-
-
21
21
10
10
10
10
-
$7.29
7.29
6.86
6.86
6.86
6.86
7.98
-
86
10
76
168
163
24
65
65
61
61
16
6
11.42
8.02
11.87
8.05
8.08
9.26
8.59
8.59
8.53
8.53
8.80
-
-
7.95
-
-
14
14
14
14
18
16
8.1 6
8.1 6
8.16
8.1 6
7.85
8.41
-
-
9
7
7
6.81
6.81
N one o r a
m inority
cove red
M a jo rity c o ve re d
N um ber
of
w o rke rs
A v e r
age
hourly
e a rn
ings
N um b er
of
w o rke rs
21
20
19
14
$9.50
9.48
8.70
8.59
212
198
14
-
67
22
25 6
235
99
95
99
95
20
-
8.47
8.13
7.93
7.90
8.41
8.40
8.41
8.40
8.00
-
37
16
21
184
180
164
157
126
122
38
35
-
-
-
A v e r
age
hourly
e a rn
ings
$7.85
7.87
7.48
-
7.86
7.97
7.78
7.45
7.44
7.52
7.52
7.62
7.63
7.16
7.10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
_
“
-
-
-
N um b er
of
w o rke rs
A ver
age
hourly
e a rn
ings
17
14
$5.12
5.10
19
19
99
99
69
-
6.79
6.79
-
64
_
_
_
-
21
21
21
21
21
20
5.20
5.20
_
6.46
6.60
_
_
_
_
-
5.25
5.25
5.25
5.25
5.77
5.83
T a b le 8.
G ra y iro n fo u n d rie s , e x c e p t p ip e a n d fittin g s :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e r a g e s b y la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c t c o v e r a g e — C o n tin u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings’ in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Southwest
Middle West
Great Lakes
Pacific
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
Maintenance
Carpenters...............................................
Electricians..............................................
M e n ......................................................
Helpers, maintenance trades.................
Machinists ...............................................
Mechanics, general.................................
M e n .........................................................
Mechanics, m a chinery.............................
M e n .........................................................
Patternmakers, m e ta l................................
Patternmakers, w o o d ...............................
M e n .........................................................
Repairers, wood p a tte rn s ........................
M e n .........................................................
None or a minority
covered
Majority covered
Number Average
of work
hourly
ers
earnings
Number Average
of work
hourly
earnings
ers
16
16
10
7
35
$8.79
8.79
5.66
10.17
8.68
35
8
8
8.68
7.82
7.82
-
-
27
27
9
9
7.71
7.71
8.32
8.32
45
6
6
207
207
76
76
121
121
7
7
34
12
6.82
6.75
6.75
5.59
5.59
5.78
5.78
5.46
5.46
5.43
5.43
6.12
5.60
22
609
-
$13.06
14.40
-
97
304
11.07
11.57
304
718
11.57
13.03
213
53
-
16.03
14.75
-
-
-
-
-
None or a minority
covered
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
-
-
-
-
40
40
55
-
$1 0.25
10.25
8.33
-
Majority covered
Number
of work
ers
15
15
24
24
-
None or a minority
covered
Majority covered
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of work
ers
$9.19
9.19
-
-
$9.53
9.53
-
-
8.1 6
8.1 6
-
7
7
-
-
27
27
17
17
-
7.46
7.46
9.37
9.37
-
-
-
-
-
11
11
9.14
9.14
14
14
9.21
9.21
-
91
88
11
11
80
77
27
16
23
14
8.03
8.08
7.79
7.79
8.06
8.12
7.51
8.10
8.67
8.00
74
72
41
39
31
31
11
11
7.88
7.92
7.96
8.04
7.79
7.79
7.60
7.60
-
97
97
60
60
-
Average
hourly
earnings
-
-
None or a
minority covered
Number Average
of work
hourly
ers
earnings
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Processing
Air-set o p e ra to rs ........................................
Charging-machine o p erators...................
Men .........................................................
Chippers and grinders .............................
M e n .........................................................
Grinders .......................................................
M e n .........................................................
Chippers and grin ders...........................
M e n .........................................................
Core assemblers and fin is h e rs...............
M e n .........................................................
Coremakers, h a n d ........................................
Bench .......................................................
Bench and flo o r ......................................
Coremakers, m a c h in e ..............................
M e n .........................................................
Core-blowing machine ..........................
M e n .........................................................
Cupola te n d e rs ..........................................
M e n .........................................................
Furnace tenders, electric ........................
Furnace tenders, h e lp e rs ........................
Molders, flo o r .............................................
Molders, machine, au to m a tic..................
M e n .........................................................
See fo o tn o te s a t e nd o f table.
22
22
11
11
23
23
37
24
-
6.38
6.38
5.91
5.91
5.56
5.56
7.40
6.28
“
102
199
185
2,460
2,060
631
572
1,436
1,193
995
155
-
355
330
176
159
254
34
203
188
188
11.01
11.26
11.09
11.29
10.85
11.80
11.63
10.45
9.84
12.46
9.61
-
13.21
13.18
10.64
10.28
11.82
8.96
11.72
11.13
11.13
489
132
324
47
76
56
82
108
87
“
8.83
9.77
8.34
7.90
9.02
8.63
8.29
9.63
8.47
14
14
10
10
18
19
“
8.67
8.67
8.48
8.48
8.22
10.62
“
-
-
8
6
23
19
8.75
6.71
9.34
9.69
32
$7.84
7.84
8.27
8.27
9.09
49
49
-
$6.10
6.10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
10
46
“
7.99
7.99
-
9.65
“
-
8
~
6.26
-
T a b le 8. G ra y iro n fo u n d rie s , e x c e p t p ip e a n d fittin g s : O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s b y la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c t c o v e r a g e — C o n tin u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
G re at Lakes
S outhw est
M idd ie W e s t
p a c ific
E sta b lish m e n ts w ith —
D e p a rtm e n t and o ccu pation
N one o r a m inority
covered
Num ber
o f w o rk
ers
M olders, m achine, sem i-auto m atic .........
M e n ...............................................................
R oll-o ver .......................................................
S queeze ........................................................
C om b inatio n ................................................
M e n ...............................................................
Pourers, m etal ...............................................
M en .............................................................
S and- o r sh o t-b la st o p e ra to rs ...................
M e n ...............................................................
Sand m ix e r s ....................................................
M e n ...............................................................
S hake out w orke rs ........................................
M e n ...............................................................
S h ell-m old a n d /o r she ll-core
m a chine o p e ra to rs ......................................
T u m b le r o p e ra to rs ........................................
M e n ...............................................................
W elders, h a n d ................................................
R epa irers ......................................................
128
128
78
50
54
54
17
16
18
18
57
57
A verage
hourly
earnings
M ajority cove red
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
490
213
208
654
583
142
122
204
173
650
-
$11.82
12.23
11.35
10.72
10.33
10.86
10.43
11.13
10.89
11.50
-
94
94
77
205
54
54
39
39
130
109
$9.76
9.76
9.92
8.38
7.81
7.81
8.65
8.65
8.77
8.55
6.86
12.20
9.73
9.73
14.74
14.79
188
-
9.51
-
-
-
8
8
5.78
5.78
109
425
337
408
-
12.19
12.54
12.49
11.86
103
103
38
36
38
36
5.10
5.10
6.16
6.04
6.16
6.04
214
145
69
1,147
89
929
828
856
765
73
63
74
48
12.01
12.75
10.47
10.40
10.32
11.47
11.23
11.60
11.38
10.02
9.47
10.07
10.10
6
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
$5.78
5.78
5.69
5.92
5.40
5.40
6.08
5.94
7.10
7.10
5.12
5.12
392
104
104
824
799
-
N one o r a m inority
cove re d
M a jo rity cove re d
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
59
59
42
49
49
8
8
11
11
46
46
9
9
7
A vera ge
hourly
e a rning s
$7.94
7.94
7.70
8.18
8.18
8.28
8.28
7.64
7.64
8.36
8.36
8.05
8.05
8.25
-
N o n e o r a m ino rity
co v e re d
N um b e r
o f w o rk
ers
42
42
20
34
34
10
10
10
8
26
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
30
24
7.97
8.12
10
8
13
6
18
18
37
35
36
34
9.03
7.65
7.68
7.68
8.29
8.26
8.33
8.31
-
A ve ra g e
ho urly
e a rning s
$7.48
7.48
8.36
8.51
8.51
6.75
6.75
7.32
7.27
5.92
5.92
-
M a jo rity cove red
N um b er
o f w o rk
ers
25
25
19
19
33
33
13
13
40
40
9
9
A verage
hourly
earnings
$7.99
7.99
8.18
8.18
7.84
7.84
7.53
7.53
8.00
8.00
8.05
8.05
N one o r a
m ino rity cove red
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
32
32
29
16
16
-
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
$6.46
6.46
6.35
6.05
6.05
-
Inspection
Insp ectors, cla ss A ......................................
Insp ectors, cla ss B ....................................
M e n ...............................................................
Insp ectors, cla ss C ......................................
M e n ...............................................................
-
7.76
7.91
-
-
-
-
-
-
Material movement
C rane op erators, e le ctric b r id g e ...............
U nder 20 t o n s .............................................
2 0 ton s and o v e r .......................................
Laborers, general fo u n d r y ..........................
M e n ...............................................................
Laborers, m aterial handling ......................
P ow er tru ck o p e r a t o r s .................................
M en ...............................................................
F o r k lif t ............................................................
M e n ...............................................................
O th e r th a n fo rk lift ......................................
M e n ...............................................................
Tru ckd rive rs ....................................................
T ra c to r-tra ile r...............................................
S e e fo o tn o te s at e n d o f table.
-
-
-
-
“
“
29
23
199
22
-
25
-
9.08
8.82
7.96
7.65
-
7.61
“
-
13
13
7
7
7
7
-
7.49
7.49
6.5 0
6.5 0
6.5 0
6.5 0
127
127
14
14
14
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
~
”
-
6.29
6.29
7.13
7.13
7.13
7.13
-
8.18
“
60
60
9
5.99
5.99
6.83
~
T a b le 8. G ra y iro n fo u n d rie s , e x c e p t p ip e a n d fittin g s :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s b y la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c t c o v e r a g e — C o n tin u e d
(N um ber o f production w orkers and average straight-tim e hourly ea rning s' in se le cte d occu pation s, U nited S tate s and re gions,1
23O c to b e r 1986)
G re a t Lakes
S outhw est
M idd le W est
Pacific
E sta b lish m e n ts w ith —
D epartm ent and occupation
N one or a m inority
covered
Num ber
o f w o rk
ers
A verage
hourly
earnings
M ajority cove re d
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
N one or a m inority
cove red
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
A verage
hourly
ea rnings
M a jo rity c o ve re d
N um b er
o f w o rk
ers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
N o n e or a m inority
cove re d
N um b er
o f w o rk
ers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rnings
M a jo rity cove red
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
A verage
hourly
earnings
N one o r a
m ino rity cove red
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
A verage
hourly
ea rnings
Custodial
Janitors, porters, and c le a n e rs ................
M e n ..............................................................
9
9
$4.62
4.6 2
194
$11.25
“
“
“
“
“
“
1 Excludes prem ium pay fo r ove rtim e and fo r work on w eeke nds, holidays, and late
NOTE: D ashe s in d ica te no d a ta w ere re p o rte d o r th a t d a ta did n o t m e e t publication crishifts.
teria. O verall o cc u p a tio n m ay inclu d e d a ta fo r s u b cla ssifica tio n s n o t sho w n separately.
2 For definition o f regions, see fo o tn o te 1, tab le A-1, a p pend ix A.
3 Includes data fo r regions in addition to tho se shown separately.
T a b le 9.
G ra y iro n fo u n d rie s , e x c e p t p ip e an d fittin g s :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
U nited States
Tim e w orkers
D epartm ent and occupation
M a in te n a n c e
C a rp e n te rs ......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
E le c tric ia n s .....................................................
M e n ..............................................................
Helpers, m a intenance tra d e s ....................
M achinists ......................................................
M echanics, g e n e ra l.....................................
M e n ..............................................................
M echanics, m a c h in e ry ................................
Men ..............................................................
P atternm akers, m e ta l..................................
M e n ..............................................................
P atternm akers, w o o d ..................................
M e n ..............................................................
Repairers, w ood p a tte rn s ..........................
M e n ..............................................................
Num ber
of
w orke rs
A ve r
age
hourly
ea rn
ings
31
27
910
73
205
1,053
953
1,091
335
194
179
227
207
$11.62
11.05
13.03
8.26
10.55
9.89
9.97
11.98
13.87
11.33
10.85
9.09
9.04
N ew E ngland
Ince ntive
w orke rs
Num ber
of
w orkers
T im e w orke rs
A v e r
age
hourly
ea rn
ings
N um b er
of
w o rke rs
_
_
-
-
-
29
29
-
-
-
_
A v e r
age
hourly
e a rn
ings
-
_
M iddle A tla n tic
Incentive
w orke rs
N um ber
of
w orkers
-
Tim e w o rke rs
A ve r
age
hourly
ea rn
ings
-
-
-
8
$9.48
9.48
8.57
8.57
-
-
123
123
30
30
32
32
61
61
-
7.86
7.86
8.58
8.58
7.44
7.44
7.72
7.72
-
-
20
8
8.81
$11.75
11.27
8
N um b er
of
w orke rs
30
30
14
135
135
45
45
40
40
25
25
A v e r
age
hourly
e a rn
ings
$11.39
11.39
10.42
8.86
8.86
10.13
10.13
9.92
9.92
8.06
8.06
B ord er S ta te s
Incentive
w o rke rs
N um b er
of
w orke rs
T im e w orke rs
A v e r
age
hourly
e a rn
ings
N um ber
of
w orke rs
-
_
-
_
-
50
134
134
17
17
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
64
64
-
$12.24
12.24
10.07
10.07
-
21
12.75
-
_
A v e r
age
hourly
e a rn
ings
-
-
-
S outh east
_
62
62
$9.93
9.93
8 63
10.26
10.26
_
10.28
10.28
-
N um ber
of
w orke rs
_
_
66
66
A v e r
age
hourly
e a rn
ings
_
_
14
243
243
95
95
48
48
_
_
$10.05
10.05
8 77
9.14
9.14
9.92
9.92
9.49
9.49
_
_
31
31
8.75
8.75
_
Processing
Arc-air s c a r fe r s .............................................
A ir-set o p e ra to rs ...........................................
C harging-m achine o p e ra to rs .....................
M e n ..............................................................
C hippers and grinders ................................
M e n ..............................................................
W om en .......................................................
C h ip p e rs .......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
G rin d e rs .......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
C hippers and g rin d e rs ..............................
M e n ..............................................................
Core assem blers and fin is h e rs .................
M e n ..............................................................
C orem akers, h a n d ........................................
Bench ...........................................................
F lo o r ..............................................................
Bench and f l o o r .........................................
See fo o tn o te s at end of table.
12
138
298
272
3,673
3,235
536
438
1,101
1,023
2,036
1,774
1,133
442
214
56
172
8.08
7.76
9.90
9.75
8.96
8.43
11.93
11.45
8.59
8.37
8.38
7.71
11.36
8.31
8.26
8.92
8.18
136
1,801
1,624
27
27
565
502
1,209
1,095
187
177
121
41
-
43
$9.71
10.23
10.22
10.08
10.08
11.45
11.51
9.66
9.63
11.20
11.18
10.61
10.27
-
9.66
-
8.86
-
-
-
-
12
9
17
14
14
419
402
96
79
261
261
55
55
89
50
12
27
7.62
7.63
7.63
7.30
7.33
6.98
7.09
7.43
7.43
7.41
7.41
8.29
116
116
-
11
11
120
118
_
72
72
11
27
8.21
-
8.51
8.34
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
7
8.43
8.43
7.73
7.76
7.78
7.78
8.45
_
8.15
7.98
-
-
_
12
40
40
723
709
14
_
249
247
464
452
77
71
18
18
_
-
6.27
5.88
5.88
6.10
6.10
6.34
_
6.57
6.56
5.89
5.88
6.16
6.23
4.68
4.68
_
-
T a b le 9.
G ra y iro n fo u n d rie s , e x c e p t p ip e a n d fittin g s :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t— C o n tin u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
United States
Time workers
Department and occupation
Coremakers, machine.............................
Men ......................................................
Core-blowing machine .........................
Men ......................................................
Turn-over-draw machine......................
M e n ......................................................
Other coremaking machines...............
Men ......................................................
Cupola tenders .......................................
Men ......................................................
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
Furnace tenders, helpers.......................
Molders, flo o r..........................................
Molders, hand, bench.............................
Men ......................................................
Molders, machine, automatic.................
Men ......................................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
Men ......................................................
Roll-over ...............................................
Squeeze ................................................
O th e r.....................................................
Combination .........................................
Men ......................................................
Pourers, metal ........................................
M e n ......................................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators................
M e n ......................................................
Sand-slinger operators ...........................
Sand mixers ............................................
M e n ......................................................
Shakeout workers ...................................
M e n ......................................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators.................................
M e n ......................................................
Tumbler operators...................................
M e n ......................................................
Welders, hand.........................................
Repairers ..............................................
Combination .........................................
See fo o tn o te s a t end o f table.
New England
Incentive
workers
Time workers
Middle Atlantic
Incentive
workers
Time workers
Border States
Incentive
workers
Southeast
Time workers
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age
hourly
hourly
of
hourly
hourly
of
of
of
hourly
of
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
hourly
workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
685
600
217
202
38
32
430
366
372
339
486
151
506
387
381
580
100
237
18
213
1,304
1,228
308
287
56
492
456
1,252
518
155
143
942
835
72
$10.16
10.28
8.50
8.64
6.36
6.39
11.33
11.52
9.18
8.94
9.56
7.33
9.69
8.52
8.53
8.67
7.07
7.70
6.07
10.84
8.75
8.45
8.15
7.77
9.12
9.09
8.88
9.01
-
167
136
128
98
34
33
156
110
200
805
805
164
542
22
69
69
337
89
89
14
15
15
175
159
$9.15
8.80
8.82
8.23
10.50
10.52
10.52
10.21
10.07
10.11
10.11
10.21
10.03
11.36
10.36
10.36
9.86
10.31
10.31
11.85
11.73
11.73
11.48
11.59
_
17
17
16
10
6
6
14
14
12
14
14
23
23
29
29
_
$8.09
8.09
8.54
10.35
9.91
9.91
9.42
9.42
9.27
8.68
8.68
7.79
7.79
7.57
7.57
_
27
61
61
9
42
-
9.71
482
10.07
17
17
20
20
6
-
7.40
7.40
8.06
8.06
10.00
-
-
7.58
7.52
14.01
14.53
9.24
-
15
“
-
11.66
~
“
“
_
_
$11.10
10.89
10.89
13.67
10.08
-
26
25
30
30
52
16
111
20
20
18
18
65
65
30
27
94
94
34
34
44
44
104
104
$6.64
6.61
8.39
8.39
7.97
7.54
9.03
7.81
7.81
9.48
9.48
8.22
8.22
8.36
8.28
7.76
7.76
7.22
7.22
7.73
7.73
7.51
7.51
-
-
-
-
-
-
93
91
7
7
17
8
7.43
7.43
8.89
8.89
8.60
9.85
-
“
-
39
36
38
36
14
21
21
162
162
33
113
_
35
35
21
21
$8.64
8.64
8.61
8.64
10.82
9.92
9.92
10.20
10.20
12.12
9.57
10.60
10.60
11.02
11.02
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
40
40
41
12
12
_
_
80
80
28
28
48
47
77
77
8
-
_
_
_
$8.98
8.98
8.46
9.08
9.08
8.87
8.87
8.06
8.06
8.04
8.02
8.49
8.49
229
70
70
_
136
31
31
84
12
167
165
54
54
36
_
324
319
57
57
72
70
192
189
$7.06
_
7.08
7.08
_
7.28
7.09
7.09
7.39
_
5.29
7.05
7.02
6.20
6.20
6.70
_
6.94
6.93
6.16
6.16
7.08
7.08
6.34
6.33
8.35
“
52
51
39
38
6.16
6.19
8.97
9.07
T a b le 9.
G ra y iro n fo u n d rie s , e x c e p t p ip e a n d fittin g s :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t— C o n tin u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
United States
Time workers
Department and occupation
Inspection
Inspectors, class A .................................
Inspectors, class B .................................
M e n .......................................................
Inspectors, class C .................................
M e n .......................................................
New England
Incentive
workers
Time workers
Middle Atlantic
Incentive
workers
Time workers
Border States
Incentive
workers
Southeast
Time workers
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age
hourly
hourly
of
of
of
hourly
hourly
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
$10.40
10.40
10.26
10.04
-
39
39
126
40
$10.25
10.25
10.43
9.68
14
14
-
$7.54
7.54
-
-
-
18
12
-
$7.85
8.41
-
-
-
53
32
19
14
$9.02
9.08
8.70
8.59
21
256
232
45
41
$7.91
7.70
7.69
5.70
5.73
469
275
194
2,393
2,011
359
1,530
1,372
1,354
1,213
176
159
181
14
59
23
71
10.05
10.49
9.44
8.69
8.02
8.46
9.90
9.73
10.04
9.88
8.83
8.58
8.95
8.07
8.84
7.82
9.62
54
18
118
116
-
13.22
10.17
8.52
8.48
-
8.19
8.19
7.86
7.94
7.94
8.25
8.25
8.89
8.28
-
-
-
68
12
56
148
143
25
65
65
62
62
25
9
6
9.65
8.06
9.99
7.78
7.81
9.19
7.97
7.97
7.92
7.92
8.51
_
8.43
7.95
_
-
_
_
_
-
87
42
281
260
_
141
137
139
135
_
20
_
_
-
8.59
8.52
_
7.98
7.95
8.28
8.27
8.32
8.31
8.00
_
_
_
-
56
35
21
283
279
_
233
199
190
160
43
39
9
_
_
-
7.50
7.33
7.78
6.66
6.64
7.21
7.14
7.28
7.20
6.89
6.88
7.38
_
_
_
-
133
133
319
“
8.27
8.27
9.51
”
“
-
-
14
14
14
14
25
23
8.16
8.16
8.16
8.16
7.56
7.92
-
-
24
24
24
24
9
8
7.33
7.33
7.33
7.33
7.14
7.00
33
33
33
33
38
33
6.55
6.55
6.55
6.55
6.37
6.37
202
755
616
558
-
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge............
Under 20 to n s .......................................
20 tons and o v e r..................................
Laborers, general foundry......................
Men ......................................................
Laborers, material handling ...................
Power truck operators............................
M e n ......................................................
F orklift....................................................
M e n ......................................................
Other than forklift .................................
M e n ......................................................
Truckdrivers .............................................
Light truck..............................................
Medium truck ........................................
Heavy truck ...........................................
Tractor-trailer.........................................
-
-
70
70
16
12
12
9
9
9
7
-
“
“
“
-
-
Custodial
Guards .....................................................
M e n ......................................................
Guards I .................................................
M e n ......................................................
Janitors, porters, and cleaners..............
M e n ......................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
T a b le 9.
G ra y iro n fo u n d rie s , e x c e p t p ip e a n d fittin g s :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t— C o n tin u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Incentive workers
Time workers
Mountain
Middle West
Great Lakes
Southwest
Time workers
Pacific
Time workers
Incentive workers
Department and occupation
Number
of workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of workers
Average
hourly
earnings
-
-
Number
of workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of workers
22
22
51
51
54
54
6
6
25
25
$9.30
9.30
7.79
7.79
10.20
10.20
9.00
9.00
9.18
9.18
-
8
11
11
105
100
27
25
76
73
32
21
27
22
10
10
7
7
17
17
16
8
8
15
11
7.18
7.96
7.96
7.02
7.04
7.04
7.09
6.99
7.01
7.07
7.29
7.58
7.37
7.41
7.41
7.37
7.37
7.53
7.53
8.47
7.02
7.53
8.03
8.15
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of workers
-
-
-
Average
hourly
earnings
Maintenance
Carpenters...............................................
Electricians..............................................
M e n ......................................................
Helpers, maintenance trades.................
Machinists ...............................................
Mechanics, general.................................
Men ......................................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
M e n ......................................................
Patternmakers, m etal..............................
M e n ......................................................
Patternmakers, w o o d ..............................
M e n ......................................................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
M e n ......................................................
35
35
10
9
21
21
43
43
27
27
13
13
$10.48
10.48
5.66
10.69
8.21
8.21
10.52
10.52
7.71
7.71
9.61
9.61
22
681
100
416
758
213
67
109
-
$13.06
13.97
11.11
10.92
12.88
16.03
13.60
9.50
-
49
6
6
284
284
76
76
198
198
23
23
30
12
34
34
27
27
23
23
37
24
19
19
7.04
6.75
6.75
7.05
7.05
5.78
5.78
7.61
7.61
8.77
8.77
5.96
5.60
8.72
8.72
9.28
9.28
-
39
211
185
1,724
490
435
823
865
177
89
344
319
-
8.68
11.13
11.09
11.31
10.79
10.46
10.60
12.47
8.97
8.31
13.14
13.10
-
-
-
-
7
7
24
24
6
6
$10.92
10.92
9.91
9.91
9.86
9.86
Processing
Air-set operators......................................
Charging-machine operators..................
M e n ......................................................
Chippers and grinders ............................
Men ......................................................
Grinders ................................................
Men ......................................................
Chippers and grinders..........................
Men ......................................................
Core assemblers and finishers..............
M e n ......................................................
Coremakers, hand...................................
Bench ....................................................
Bench and flo o r....................................
Coremakers, machine.............................
M e n ......................................................
Core-blowing machine .........................
M e n ......................................................
Turn-over-draw m achine......................
M e n ......................................................
Other coremaking machines...............
M e n ......................................................
Cupola tenders........................................
M e n ......................................................
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
Furnace tenders, helpers.......................
Molders, flo o r...........................................
Molders, machine, automatic.................
M e n ......................................................
S ee fo o tn o te s a t e nd o f table.
-
5.56
5.56
7.91
6.28
7.93
7.93
-
197
236
34
222
142
142
-
10.46
11.33
8.96
11.12
10.27
10.27
136
1,225
1,067
273
229
937
823
177
54
93
32
32
126
133
$9.71
10.28
10.31
12.62
13.06
9.59
9.53
11.21
10.86
9.14
10.50
10.50
10.85
-
10.30
“
60
60
13
12
-
20
20
$9.62
9.62
9.14
9.24
10.27
10.27
47
47
47
47
20
15
23
“
$8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
9.06
8.83
8.79
-
128
128
85
85
34
34
34
17
17
18
47
~
7.26
7.26
7.50
7.50
6.70
6.70
8.92
-
7.56
7.56
7.65
9.62
-
Table 9. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings:
Occupational earnings averages by method of wage payment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
G re at Lakes
S outhw est
____________________
Tim e w orkers
M iddle W est
In c e n tiv e w o rke rs
T im e w orkers
M o unta in
In ce n tive w o rke rs
P acific
T im e w o rke rs
D e p a rtm e n t an d o ccu p a tio n
Num ber
o f w orkers
M olders, m achine, sem i-a u to m a tic .........
M en ...............................................................
S queeze ........................................................
C om b inatio n ................................................
M e n ...............................................................
Pourers, m etal ...............................................
M en ...............................................................
S and- o r sh o t-b la st o p e ra to rs ...................
M e n ...............................................................
S and m ix e r s ....................................................
M e n ...............................................................
S hake out w o rke rs ........................................
M e n ...............................................................
S h ell-m old a n d /o r she ll-core
m a chine o p e ra to rs ......................................
M en ...............................................................
W elders, h a n d ................................................
R e p a ire r s ......................................................
In s p e c tio n
Insp ectors, cla ss A ......................................
Insp ectors, cla ss B ......................................
M e n ...............................................................
Insp ectors, cla ss C ......................................
M e n ...............................................................
W om e n ........................................................
M a te ria l m o v e m e n t
C rane o p erators, e le ctric b r id g e ...............
U nde r 2 0 t o n s .............................................
20 to n s and o v e r .......................................
Laborers, g e nera l fo u n d r y ..........................
M e n ...............................................................
Laborers, m aterial handling ......................
Pow er tru ck o p e ra to rs ................................
M e n ...............................................................
F o r k lif t ............................................................
M e n ...............................................................
O th er tha n fo rk lift ......................................
M e n ...............................................................
T ruckdrive rs ....................................................
M edium tru ck ..............................................
H eavy tru ck .................................................
T ra c to r-tra ile r...............................................
A verage
hourly
earnings
N um ber
of w orkers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
N um b e r
o f w o rk ers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
88
88
50
77
77
27
26
26
26
69
69
$5.75
5.75
5.92
7.04
7.04
7.98
7.96
8.13
8.13
5.92
5.92
237
615
544
109
232
201
642
-
$11.12
10.26
9.79
9.80
10.74
10.47
10.86
-
34 7
347
23 9
24 4
87
87
138
122
$11.74
11.74
11.90
9.90
10.30
10.30
-
12
-
8.29
-
291
838
797
11.88
14.67
14.80
28 9
-
-
5.78
5.78
158
403
315
360
-
10.92
12.61
12.57
11.68
-
8
8
-
-
15
9
109
109
52
50
52
50
-
9.51
8.10
5.41
5.41
7.41
7.37
7.41
7.37
-
-
-
213
154
59
1,295
89
965
849
841
738
124
111
84
23
55
11.68
12.30
10.08
10.08
10.32
11.21
11.00
11.45
11.26
9.60
9.27
9.94
9.49
9.99
220
10.77
N um b er
o f w orkers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rnings
N um b er
o f w orkers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
N um b er
o f w orkers
_
11.91
12.10
57
57
20
25
25
53
53
16
16
21
19
68
68
$7.47
7.47
8.09
7.73
7.73
7.24
7.24
7.06
7.06
7.49
7.49
7.37
7.37
10.77
-
27
25
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
44
44
42
30
30
-
$8.11
8.11
7.83
10.21
10.21
-
9
9
9
9
20
20
A ve ra g e
ho urly
e a rning s
_
N um ber
o f w orkers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
54
54
30
19
19
38
38
32
32
17
17
51
51
$7.05
7.05
6.31
8.18
8.18
7.60
7.60
7.72
7.72
7.18
7.18
7.50
7.50
-
10
9
8.00
8.05
$7.57
7.57
8.41
8.41
7.34
7.34
-
-
-
7.37
7.36
7.89
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
7.92
8.07
7.32
-
-
40
32
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
51
49
-
-
15
9
6
31
31
44
42
43
41
6
-
8.73
9.45
7.65
7.60
7.60
8.00
7.97
8.04
8.00
8.84
-
-
-
13
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.09
9.02
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
10
-
8
8
7.60
7.60
-
6.07
6.07
-
163
163
14
14
14
14
-
6.05
6.05
7.13
7.13
7.13
7.13
-
23
8
-
7.72
6.67
-
Custodial
Jan itors, porters, and c le a n e rs .................
M e n ...............................................................
9
9
4.62
4.62
-
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
7.05
7.05
NOTE: Dashes indicate no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications not shown separately.
Table 10. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings: Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA’
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,2 October 1906)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Department, occupation, and
method of wage payment
(mean)
4.00
of
hourly
Linder
workers
earnings
4.00 4.25
4.25
4.50
4.75
5.00
5.25
5.50
5.75
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
4.50
4.75
5.00
5.25
5.50
5.75
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
1
1
5
6
2
2
5
6
1
1
5
6
3
3
7
7
10
9
14
14
8
8
8
7
5
4
10
11
3
4
2
1
-
-
-
18
13
4
29
24
44
50
4
4
-
31
37
11
31
41
-
All production workers ..................
Tim e .............................................
776
646
$7.13
7.08
Maintenance
Mechanics, machinery ..................
12
9.31
-
-
89
71
28
52
34
25
22
10
16
14
18
15
17
57
54
33
30
19
31
23
11
14
26
21
6.57
6.41
5.82
6.88
6.70
7.98
7.98
7.36
7.36
7.27
7.31
7.27
8.39
7.13
7.05
6.51
6.31
8.18
6.90
6.82
6.90
6.87
6.44
6.35
-
-
8
12
-
-
-
-
7
7
12
13
-
13
9
7
8
7.38
7.66
7.53
7.68
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
139
115
18
14
18
14
18
14
8
6.37
6.21
7.10
7.13
7.10
7.13
7.26
7.11
6.67
-
-
-
-
-
25
30
-
-
Processing
Chippers and grinders...................
Tim e.........................................
Grinders.......................................
Chippers and grinders ................
Tim e.........................................
Coremakers, hand .........................
Tim e.........................................
Bench ..........................................
Cupola tenders...............................
Tim e.........................................
Furnace tenders, electric..............
Time.........................................
Molders, floor .................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic
Tim e .........................................
Squeeze ......................................
Tim e.........................................
Combination................. ...............
Pourers, m e ta l................................
Tim e.........................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators.......
Sand mixers ...................................
Shakeout w orkers..........................
Tim e.........................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators .......................
Welders, hand ................................
Tim e.........................................
Repairers.....................................
Material movement
Laborers, general foundry ............
Tim e.........................................
Power truck operators...................
Tim e.........................................
Forklift .........................................
Tim e.........................................
Truckdrivers....................................
Tim e.........................................
Heavy tru ck..................................
'
2
:i
4
2
2
2
1
1
2
-
<3)
(3)
4
6
-
-
-
-
-
4
6
14
-
18
23
57
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
22
8
10
19
24
26
35
4
-
6
29
15
-
32
26
55
29
8
10
-
-
-
-
11
14
13
16
16
33
43
25
-
-
-
22
27
4
4
6
7
-
-
7
7
12
13
-
15
19
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
38
-
-
2
3
4
6
4
4
6
7
9
2
3
7
8
9
20
-
2
1
4
2
-
4
4
6
7
1
1
4
-
-
-
~
"
-
-
44
57
50
-
-
14
17
-
-
24
24
-
11
10
28
29
28
29
~
6
2
67
64
67
64
11
14
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
1
1
11
14
25
6
7
13
-
The Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area consists of Los Angeles County, CA.
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Less than 0.5 percent.
Workers were distributed as follows: 17 percent at $10.50 and under $10.75 and 8 percent at $10.75 and under
$11
-
-
-
-
“
-
“
“
2
4
20
23
50
19
21
6
6
-
-
11
8
19
18
19
21
11
33
35
48
53
9
7
7
31
38
11
14
-
3
6
-
2
4
4
10
6
44
53
-
33
-
56
55
20
6
6
7
-
13
17
14
76
26
28
79
9
-
-
8
22
25
(3)
-
2
3
<3)
<3)
-
-
25
-
-
-
12
14
11
13
24
-
11
14
13
6
7
4
9
7
3
-
21
-
-
-
15
-
38
-
-
6
-
-
1
1
9.75
10.00 10.25
and
10.00 10.25 over
<3)
<3)
(3)
(3>
3
3
-
-
17
4 25
-
-
-
-
“
-
“
-
-
-
-
“
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
6
7
17
“
-
-
-
*
-
-
“
-
-
-
"
"
-
-
*
“
11
14
13
6
7
~
-
'
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no data were re
ported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications not
shown separately.
Table 11. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings: Ohio
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,' October 1986)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Department, occupation, and
method of wage payment
Average
Number (mean)
5.50
of
hourly
and
workers • arnings under
6.00
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 16.50 17.00 17.50
1
1
3
2
1
14
2
2
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
3
3
5
2
2
5
7
23
(2)
12
3
1
19
(2)
-
-
16
1
11
3
11
5
5
3
4
5
7
9
10
3
5
-
-
All production workers ..................
Tim e.............................................
Incentive......................................
9,682
8,975
707
$12.76
12.93
10.60
Maintenance
Electricians .....................................
Mechanics, machinery ..................
Patternmakers, wood ....................
317
344
26
14.87
14.19
11.71
-
-
-
Processing
Air-set operators............................
Charging-machine operators.........
Chippers and grinders...................
Time ........................................
Incentive..................................
Grinders.......................................
Chippers and grinders................
Incentive...................................
Core assemblers and finishers.....
Tim e.........................................
Coremakers, hand .........................
Bench and floor ..........................
Cupola tenders...............................
Furnace tenders, e lectric..............
Tim e.........................................
Molders, flo o r.................................
Tim e.........................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic
Tim e.........................................
Combination.................................
Pourers, m etal................................
Tim e.........................................
Incentive...................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators.......
Tim e.........................................
Sand mixers ..................................
Tim e.........................................
Shakeout workers..........................
49
37
881
761
120
127
452
120
731
692
79
76
59
115
89
146
122
237
198
208
213
154
59
61
40
90
85
401
7.74
13.06
11.90
12.26
9.65
11.45
11.03
9.65
13.25
13.34
8.49
8.48
13.05
11.48
11.76
12.07
11.93
10.99
11.13
11 35
11.31
11.78
10.09
10.51
10.60
11.91
12.12
12.12
-
10
1
8
2
8
11
16
-
20
3
21
6
21
(2)
(2)
7
25
18
15
2
Inspection
Inspectors, class A ........................
22
15.46
-
-
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge ....
Time.........................................
Under 20 tons .............................
20 tons and over ........................
Laborers, general foundry ............
Power truck operators...................
Forklift .........................................
Truckdrivers...................................
Tractor-trailer...............................
137
117
98
39
590
343
333
24
16
12.19
12.25
12.15
12.30
11.33
12.51
12.49
11.40
12.20
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Custodial
Janitors, porters, and cleaners.....
105
12.07
-
(1
2)
(2)
-
1
-
6
9
10
17
9
4
5
5
17
7
6
11
-
-
43
3
3
4
11
3
4
1
1
48
50
24
29
27
10
15
9
9
1
10
3
2
5
14
1
5
1
1
5
4
10
13
8
9
13
20
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
5
5
1
5
5
6
13
7
6
(2)
(2)
4
4
10
11
15
1
1
<2)
8
11
12
9
8
1
1
4
2
4
(2)
(2)
38
37
2
2
21
25
8
9
(2)
5
3
10
5
-
1
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 Less than 0.5 percent.
7
9
10
12
10
1
1
25
19
1
-
-
1
2
2
-
-
4
5
10
-
17
-
1
1
3
1
10
3
10
1
1
1
3
1
3
3
4
3
<2)
2
<2)
<2)
3
1
3
<2)
3
(2)
(2>
1
3
5
1
-
"
-
15
14
16
10
-
15
10
12
21
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
2
13
-
-
8
<2)
1
(2)
1
1
-
3
2
-
7
9
-
1
1
6
18
19
8
35
37
3
<2)
<2)
3
(2)
(2)
1
-
-
31
-
-
-
41
41
45
21
30
6
21
42
44
3
15
15
2
3
2
2
7
22
24
-
38
30
34
3
31
49
3
51
54
76
47
56
34
40
45
54
51
49
66
7
33
50
49
52
73
(2)
2
<2)
2
3
2
7
-
<2)
1
(2)
1
2
7
-
<2)
7
22
<2)
2
(2)
2
4
14
10
9
1
1
3
10
8
1
<2)
1
-
2
1
14
-
-
-
-
1
1
7
-
9
1
-
15
8
8
33
25
-
8
6
6
-
-
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13 00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 16.50 17.00
5
<2)
2
-
-
-
4
10
-
-
32
56
55
-
50
59
53
44
26
24
25
4
-
8
13
29
44
-
21
55
-
-
-
6
-
16
18
1
_
-
-
<2)
(2>
-
-
81
74
-
-
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
95
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
3
4
5
2
2
“
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no data
were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for sub
classifications not shown separately.
Table 12. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings: Pennsylvania
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,1 October 1986)
Department, occupation, and
method of wage payment
Number Average
(mean)
of
5.75
hourly
workers
Under
earnings 5.75 6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
6.25
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14 00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 16.50 17.00 17.50 18.00
2
3
-
10
12
3
13
15
2
14
16
5
9
10
6
9
6
19
5
5
7
8
9
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
29
31
48
29
12
43
7
26
4
4
12
-
14
13
8
9
15
-
4
21
33
15
46
14
18
34
63
8
9
7
8
12
14
12
50
12
50
29
40
2
3
5
5
6
5
7
11
3
4
5
-
-
6
7
3
8
11
5
7
8
12
13
16
20
15
25
24
32
24
32
13
49
58
7
10
3
4
50
15
42
7
23
50
14
32
10
54
10
12
2
12
19
3
11
13
7
5
7
4
5
15
25
38
8
47
39
8
49
17
7
8
8
9
38
27
56
10
28
4
3
4
3
14
56
4
-
18
24
4
7
8
10
28
31
20
24
33
40
5
8
12
42
3
12
42
3
33
2
3
3
4
2
3
3
4
3,029
2,411
618
$9.05
8.41
11.54
-
-
(2>
(2)
-
Maintenance
Electricians ....................................
Machinists......................................
Mechanics, general .......................
Mechanics, machinery ..................
Tim e .........................................
Patternmakers, wood ....................
Repairers, wood patterns .............
28
14
103
49
45
26
23
11.47
10.42
9.19
10.26
10.13
10.98
8.10
-
-
-
Processing
Charging-machine operators.........
Chippers and grinders...................
Tim e .........................................
Incentive..................................
Grinders.......................................
Tim e .........................................
Incentive..................................
Chippers and grinders................
Tim e .........................................
Core assemblers and finishers .....
Tim e.........................................
Coremakers, hand .........................
Tim e.........................................
Incentive...................................
Bench ..........................................
Tim e .........................................
Floor ............................................
Tim e .........................................
Coremakers, m achine...................
Tim e .........................................
Incentive...................................
Core-blowing machine................
Tim e .........................................
Incentive..................................
Cupola tenders...............................
Furnace tenders, electric..............
Tim e .........................................
Furnace tenders, helpers .............
Tim e .........................................
Molders, flo o r ................................
T im e .........................................
Molders, hand, bench ...................
Molders, machine, automatic ........
Tim e .........................................
Incentive..................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic
Tim e.........................................
Incentive..................................
Roll-over......................................
Tim e.........................................
Incentive...................................
Squeeze ......................................
Tim e .........................................
Incentive..................................
13
464
359
105
133
72
61
265
225
58
52
91
74
17
51
42
20
12
50
12
38
49
12
37
24
45
38
14
10
86
78
8
37
18
19
213
53
160
60
28
32
137
25
112
7.54
8.60
7.42
12.63
8.55
7.19
10.16
8.93
7.56
7.85
7.45
9.37
8.37
13.70
8.68
8.22
11.88
8.51
8.26
7.08
8.64
8.23
7.08
8.61
8.48
8.76
8.24
9.00
8.34
9.81
9.63
8.35
9.74
9.48
9.99
9.76
8.40
10.22
10.50
8.52
12.23
9.33
8.26
9.57
-
2
2
3
3
5
7
9
11
-
5
5
-
-
-
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
-
-
-
9
12
17
20
34
38
3
4
6
7
- .
-
-
-
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 16.50 17.00 17.50
6.25
All production w orkers..................
T im e .............................................
Incentive......................................
See footnotes at end of table.
1
1
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
6.00
-
-
”
3
8
2
30
24
52
3
3
2
2
17
13
16
21
30
17
18
3
5
9
2
12
2
4
14
17
2
1
7
5
11
2
2
2
2
8
8
6
6
5
20
33
8
11
8
11
9
11
10
10
-
22
42
8
2
10
17
4
28
5
6
6
6
8
-
2
4
"
8
9
8
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
12
15
6
7
2
3
9
10
11
21
8
8
8
3
7
7
8
7
7
7
4
7
12
14
5
6
5
7
8
10
5
8
4
19
19
17
23
2
3
26
32
9
14
16
9
(2)
1
(2)
(2)
2
2
9
5
24
16
10
4
4
5
43
20
10
12
13
14
22
5
5
13
3
10
21
1
4
“
3
3
4
36
36
16
18
19
3
2
5
8
-
-
-
4
6
13
25
_
-
8
-
-
3
4
-
-
4
24
8
8
9
-
1
-
1
1
4
(2)
<2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
-
<2)
1
(2)
1
(2)
1
<?)
1
3
13
20
22
-
36
14
~
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
3
7
2
2
-
-
4
13
14
11
22
-
-
7
-
2
-
-
-
-
4
6
-
11
21
4
5
-
4
5
7
3
6
13
3
4
7
4
-
-
-
“
“
1
1
-
~
-
-
(2)
-
-
-
27
-
1
1
1
-
1
(2)
2
-
1
1
4
3
-
6
-
-
1
4
3
8
-
7
-
2
-
-
3
2
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
~
~
~
~
~
~
6
25
10
-
3
9
47
40
~
-
4
-
5
4
5
-
-
-
-
“
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
-
*
-
2
-
3
7
13
"
<2)
2
”
”
-
*
-
7
-
~
-
~
~
"
-
1
-
-
3
7
13
-
‘
'
T a b le 1 2 . G r a y i r o n f o u n d r i e s , e x c e p t p ip e a n d f i t t i n g s : O c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s :
P e n n s y lv a n ia — C o n tin u e d
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,' October 1986)
Department, occupation, and
method of wage payment
Number Average
(mean)
5.75
of
hourly Under
workers
earnings 5.75 6.00
6.25
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
6.25
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16 00 16.50 17.00 17.50 18.00
-
-
_
12
13
14
21
27
57
20
38
42
11
13
3
9
8
10
11
1
1
2
-
-
18
51
4
17
20
5
15
30
50
114
35
25
39
36
103
82
21
$8.70
10.60
7.54
8.60
7.90
8.36
7.68
11.02
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
3
52
18
19
18
13
38
78
10
6
15
9
6
7.68
9.19
9.16
12.86
9.96
10.10
-
-
-
-
-
55
21
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Inspection
Inspectors, class B ........................
Tim e .........................................
10
8
10.42
8.72
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
13
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge ....
Tim e.........................................
Under 20 tons .............................
20 tons and over ........................
Tim e.........................................
Laborers, general foundry ............
Tim e.........................................
Power truck operators...................
Tim e.........................................
Forklift .........................................
Tim e.........................................
Truckdrivers...................................
Heavy tru ck..................................
83
63
7
76
56
174
133
60
50
56
47
19
6
11.58
9.81
8.40
11.87
9.99
8.01
7.83
8.85
8.44
8.80
8.40
8.94
9.13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
29
25
30
27
32
Custodial
Janitors, porters, and cleaners .....
20
7.92
Pourers, m e ta l...............................
Incentive..................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators.......
Sand mixers ..................................
Tim e.........................................
Shakeout workers..........................
Tim e .........................................
Incentive..................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators.......................
Tumbler operators .........................
Tim e.........................................
Welders, h a n d ...............................
Tim e .........................................
Repairers.....................................
-
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
6.00
6
7
2
2
-
3
4
-
-
“
10
45
“
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 Less than 0.5 percent.
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
7
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
_
_
-
20
33
50
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
~
5
-
-
-
-
1
6
-
_
-
-
_
5
_
24
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
18
-
_
-
-
39
51
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
5
17
42
57
8
11
22
8
23
9
11
17
-
-
*
10
-
1
2
13
16
11
13
5
17
15
_
_
15
-
_
_
-
2
2
18
22
20
23
16
50
-
-
8
-
23
30
14
24
32
5
_
-
-
8
11
29
7
9
28
6
3
4
4
4
16
-
-
_
-
2
3
29
-
_
_
-
10
13
-
-
4
14
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
40
50
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
13
22
17
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
7
11
-
-
-
20
26
5
6
5
6
.
_
_
-
20
33
13
22
33
-
-
-
_
-
-
40
-
_
-
29
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
1
1
_
5
17
-
3
4
-
-
_
-
_
_
_
1
10
17
6
5
3
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
8
8
5
6
-
3
3
2
1
5
-
-
2
2
2
2
-
_
-
-
2
3
14
1
2
19
25
3
4
2
2
32
-
-
1
3
-
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 16.50 17.00 17.50
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
_
_
20
_
_
40
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
6
_
_
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
7
8
7
9
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications not
shown separately.
Table 13. Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings: Occupational earnings: Pittsburgh, PA
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings/ October 1986)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Department, occupation, and
method of wage payment
All production workers ..................
Of
workers
(mean)
8.00
hourly
Under
earnings
8.00 8.25
807
677
$11.16
10.03
17
25
18
12 42
11 72
11.64
84
58
80
54
18
10
7
7
7
48
45
12
7
16
11
11
11 88
9 50
11 97
9.46
12 84
9.56
10.05
9 74
9 70
10 42
9.99
13 40
10.30
11.95
9.79
14.15
Power truck operators...................
Forklift .................................
Truckdrivers...............................
71
51
70
50
22
19
10
12.07
10 08
12 13
10.13
9.84
9.95
9.52
Custodial
Janitors, porters, and cleaners .....
6
9.37
Maintenance
Electricians .........................
Mechanics, machinery ..................
Patternmakers, wood ....................
4
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 16.50 17.00
17.50 18.00
3
4
1
3
2
8
5
10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 16.50
17.00 17.50
6
5
8
10
12
6
8
28
17
“
9
11
5
6
-
1
2
2
3
39
41
32
28
“
11
~
~
*
“
40
*
“
”
~
“
~
10
14
29
"
~
21
22
“
“
-
-
_
9
5
1
-
(')
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
-
-
-
-
“
-
-
-
33
“
"
-
-
-
44
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
59
“
-
Processing
Tim e....................................
Coremakers, hand .........................
Bench ................................
Cupola tenders........................
Furnace tenders, electric..............
Molders, flo o r................................
Pourers, m e ta l................................
Tim e ...................................
Tim e ........................................
Welders, h an d ................................
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge ....
Tim e ......................................
20 tons and over ......................
5
18
26
19
28
12
17
9
22
40
14
43
14
14
31
-
14
57
"
"
29
25
27
31
33
13
13
17
29
17
29
25
36
13
18
25
43
*
"
25
36
1
5
-
-
-
14
16
30
-
-
-
50
-
-
9
11
-
-
25
35
26
36
-
-
-
-
-
30
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36
32
17
-
-
~
~
“
_
“
“
-
-
-
-
27
37
27
38
18
21
20
-
~
~
_
~
“
-
-
-
33
“
~
“
-
-
-
31
-
~
55
42
-
21
7
-
'
“
-
-
“
-
21
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
18
21
20
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
-
~
“
“
_
“
~
18
25
19
26
*
"
“
~
27
1 The Pittsburgh metropolitan area consists of Allegheny, Fayette, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties, PA.
f Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
ri Less than 0.5 percent.
30
43
31
46
11
20
29
-
-
7
“
-
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no data were re
ported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications not
shown separately.
Table 14. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 by selected characteristics, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Middle Atlantic
United States3
Average
hourly earn
ings
Southeast
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
All production workers4 .................................
Men .............................................................
12,012
10,588
$8.77
8.95
1,619
1,603
$9.26
9.26
5,977
-
Size of establishment:
20-249 w orkers..........................................
250 workers or m ore..................................
1,195
10,817
9.21
8.72
408
1,211
8.97
9.35
Labor-management contract coverage:
Establishments with -Majority of workers covered......................
None or minority of workers
covered......................................................
6,158
8.51
1,534
5,854
9.04
11,259
753
8.79
8.51
Characteristic
Type of ownership:
Commercial.................................................
C aptive........................................................
'
and
2
3
4
Number of
workers
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
late shifts.
For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
Includes data for women workers and data for workers not indentifiable
Number of
workers
Pacific
Average
hourly earn
ings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
$8.61
-
697
697
$8.03
8.03
5,977
8.61
476
-
9.23
-
9.37
3,439
7.93
476
9.23
8.90
5,977
8.61
476
“
9.23
“
-
1,192
“
~
by sex in addition to data for men shown separately.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not
meet publication criteria.
Table 15. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Earnings distribution
(Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,' United States and selected regions,2
October 1986)
Hourly earnings
United States3
Middle Atlantic
Southeast
Pacific
Number of workers..............................................
Average (mean) hourly earnings4 ......................
Median4 ................................................................
Middle range:4
First quartile........................................................
Third quartile......................................................
12,012
$8.77
8.66
1,619
$9.26
9.32
5,977
$8.61
8.30
697
$8.03
8.14
7.73
10.07
8.24
10.41
7.72
9.70
6.11
10.32
Total ..............................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Under $4.00 .........................................................
.4
-
-
7.6
$4.00
$4.25
$4.50
$4.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$ 4 .2 5 .......................................
$4.50 .......................................
$4.75 .......................................
$5.00 .......................................
.4
.2
-
-
-
-
6.9
3.9
.6
.6
$5.00
$5.25
$5.50
$5.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$5.25
$5.50
$5.75
$6.00
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.2
.2
1.2
1.2
_
-
(5)
$6.00
$6.25
$6.50
$6.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$6.25
$6.50
$6.75
$7.00
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
$7.00
$7.25
$7.50
$7.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$7.25
$7.50
$7.75
$8.00
$8.00
$8.25
$8.50
$8.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$8.25
$8.50
$8.75
$9.00
$9.00
$9.25
$9.50
$9.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
(5)
.2
-
.6
1.0
1.9
1.7
1.6
.3
.9
.3
3.8
1.9
3.5
1.6
.7
.4
.3
.6
4.6
1.3
3.6
.9
13.2
6.7
2.3
.7
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
3.3
3.8
3.3
7.0
3.4
2.5
1.5
3.0
3.3
3.6
5.3
9.3
.7
.9
.7
.6
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
7.6
7.4
3.2
3.6
11.1
5.9
3.8
5.9
10.9
6.1
4.4
4.4
1.9
.3
1.0
1.6
$9.25 .......................................
$9.50 .......................................
$9.75 .......................................
$10.00.....................................
5.3
5.1
5.2
2.9
5.7
10.4
3.7
8.4
4.3
4.4
7.2
2.2
.4
.6
4.3
3.7
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Earnings distribution—Continued
(Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,' United States and selected regions,2
October 1986)
Hourly earnings
United States3
Middle Atlantic
Southeast
Pacific
$10.00
$10.25
$10.50
$10.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$10.25...................................
$10.50...................................
$10.75...................................
$11.00...................................
3.8
8.6
2.1
4.8
1.6
18.8
4.5
1.1
3.1
4.7
1.5
7.3
9.8
6.9
3.7
2.9
$11.00
$11.25
$11.50
$11.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$11.25...................................
$11.50...................................
$11.75...................................
$12.00...................................
1.6
2.5
.4
1.1
.3
2.8
.4
.3
.7
.7
1.5
3.3
3.4
2.7
.4
$12.00 and over .................................................
2.1
1.2
1.0
4.7
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work
on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 For definitions of regions, see footnote 1, table A1, appendix A.
3 Includes data for regions in addition to those
shown separately.
4 See appendix A for definitions and methods used
(5)
to compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
5 Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual
items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no
data were reported.
Table 16. Gray iron pipe and fittin g s foundries: Occupational earnings averages-A ll establishments
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Department and occupation
Maintenance
Carpenters...............................................
M e n ......................................................
Electricians..............................................
M e n ......................................................
Helpers, maintenance trades.................
Machinists ...............................................
M e n ......................................................
Mechanics, general.................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
M e n ......................................................
Patternmakers, metal..............................
Patternmakers, wood..............................
M e n ......................................................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
Processing
Air-set operators.....................................
Centrifugal-casting machine
operators................................................
Metal molds..........................................
Charging-machine operators..................
Chippers and grinders ............................
Grinders................................................
Chippers and grinders..........................
Coremakers, hand..................................
Bench ....................................................
Coremakers, machine.............................
Core-blowing machine .........................
Turn-over-draw machine......................
Cupola tenders.......................................
M e n ......................................................
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
M e n ......................................................
Molders, floor..........................................
M e n ......................................................
Molders, machine, automatic.................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic .......
Jarring ...................................................
Roll-over ...............................................
Squeeze ................................................
Combination .........................................
Pourers, metal ........................................
M e n ......................................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators................
Sand mixers............................................
M e n ......................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
Number of
workers
39
36
302
282
41
235
193
593
516
40
73
Average
hourly earn
ings
$10.25
10.33
10.47
10.55
8.64
10.08
9.85
10.03
10.14
10.93
10.26
Southeast
Middle Atlantic
United States3
Number of
workers
46
46
45
45
56
102
102
_
Average
hourly earn
ings
$10.57
10.57
10.09
10.09
9.21
10.30
10.30
_
Number of
workers
$10.18
10.36
10.49
8.31
9.80
9.88
-
53
10.15
_
_
-
-
-
-
20
8.61
47
8.36
-
158
152
65
719
377
335
84
48
138
111
21
57
48
52
47
33
30
146
180
13
36
57
59
253
227
30
56
53
10.52
10.51
8.82
8.46
8.33
8.64
8.12
7.85
9.10
9.43
7.94
7.92
8.24
8.59
8.82
8.86
9.01
7.91
9.30
11.35
9.32
9.32
8.61
9.24
9.58
8.14
8.55
8.64
-
73
67
15
296
163
130
55
47
26
20
26
23
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10.13
10.13
-
-
-
31
31
12
135
32
21
20
8
8
8
8
-
28
28
10.58
10.58
9.70
9.39
8.80
9.39
9.45
8.60
8.60
9.32
9.32
-
“
Average
hourly earn
ings
26
187
167
30
139
343
-
_
-
Pacific
79
13
23
86
17
18
15
_
Number of
workers
9
9
-
_
Average
hourly earn
ings
$12.78
12.78
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.48
9.37
8.90
8.00
7.80
8.30
8.34
7.92
7.19
7.94
8.55
8.70
9.67
11.35
10.16
7.97
8.31
8.29
8.54
16
16
-
-
-
22
22
“
10.14
10.14
8.14
8.14
"
Table 16. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Occupational earnings averages--AII establishments—Continued
(N u m b e r o f p ro d u ctio n w o rke rs and average straight-tim e hourly ea rning s' in s e le cte d o ccu p a tio n s, U nited S ta te s an d re gions,2 O c to b e r 1986)
United States3
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
Middle Atlantic
Average
hourly earn
ings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
_
-
_
-
Shakeout workers ...................................
M e n ......................................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators.................................
M e n ......................................................
Welders, hand..........................................
Repairers ...............................................
Combination ..........................................
110
88
$8.50
8.75
207
175
109
29
63
8.81
9.07
10.24
10.33
10.17
Inspection
Inspectors, class A .................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class B .................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class C .................................
M e n ......................................................
49
39
81
76
130
-
9.21
9.21
8.73
8.80
8.26
-
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge............
Under 20 tons.......................................
20 tons and o ver..................................
Laborers, general foundry......................
M e n ......................................................
Laborers, material handling ...................
Power truck operators ............................
M e n ......................................................
Forklift...................................................
M e n ......................................................
Other than forklift.................................
Truckdrivers .............................................
Medium truck ........................................
Heavy truck ...........................................
224
165
59
1,018
911
90
386
363
348
325
38
58
16
14
9.13
9.19
8.95
7.27
7.38
7.72
8.54
8.51
8.53
8.48
8.71
8.60
8.33
8.90
Custodial
Guards.....................................................
M e n ............... ....................................
Guards I ................................................
M e n ......................................................
Janitors, porters, and cleaners..............
97
84
83
70
81
7.52
7.50
7.43
7.39
7.45
1 E xcludes prem ium pay fo r ove rtim e and fo r w o rk on w eeke nds, ho li
days, and late shifts.
2 F o r d e fin itio n o f regions, see fo o tn o te 1, table A -1, append ix A.
3 Inclu des d a ta fo r regions in addition to tho se show n separately.
37
37
-
15
14
28
26
181
179
8
92
91
84
83
$9.69
9.69
-
Average
hourly earn
ings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
48
$7.65
-
_
-
_
-
63
7.74
10.28
10.16
-
-
9
135
135
-
Number of
workers
-
75
52
-
-
8.62
8.71
7.64
-
8.82
8.79
8.37
8.37
7.53
8.83
8.84
8.81
8.82
142
32
404
69
163
162
134
133
29
-
9.14
9.32
7.32
7.56
8.56
8.57
8.55
8.56
8.62
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
17
7.46
7.46
10
8.33
-
Pacific
9.35
9.38
-
-
-
Southeast
41
37
86
28
28
6
-
$8.41
8.41
9.66
-
-
-
10.18
6.12
6.12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
“
“
-
-
NOTE: D ashes indica te th a t no da ta w ere re ported or th a t d a ta did not
m e et p u blication criteria. O verall o c c u p a tio n m ay include da ta fo r s u b c la s
sifica tio n s n o t show n separately.
Table 17. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Occupational earnings averages by size o f establishment
(N um ber o f productio n w orke rs and average stra ig h t-tim e ho urly earnings' in se le cte d occu pation s, U nited S ta te s and re gions,2 O c to b e r 1986)
Southeast
Middle Atlantic
United States3
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
Maintenance
Carpenters...............................................
M e n ......................................................
Electricians..............................................
M e n ......................................................
Helpers, maintenance trades.................
Machinists ...............................................
Men .......................................................
Mechanics, general.................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
Men .......................................................
Patternmakers, metal..............................
Patternmakers, wood..............................
Men .......................................................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
29
29
19
19
51
-
250 workers or more
250 workers or more
20-249 workers
Average hourly earnings
$11.72
11.72
11.65
11.65
11.50
-
Number of
workers
Average hourly earnings
36
33
273
253
34
216
142
550
473
38
72
16
$10.11
10.19
10.33
10.42
8.29
9.94
9.25
10.01
10.13
10.47
10.31
9.01
39
8.71
Number of
workers
32
32
51
63
63
-
Average hourly earnings
$10.55
10.55
9.41
10.21
10.21
-
Number of
workers
26
187
167
30
139
343
53
-
Average hourly earnings
$10.18
10.36
10.49
8.31
9.80
9.88
10.15
-
P r o c e s s in g
Air-set operators.....................................
Centrifugal casting machine
operators................................................
Metal molds..........................................
Charging-machine operators..................
Chippers and grinders ............................
Grinders ................................................
Chippers and grinders..........................
Coremakers, hand..................................
M e n ......................................................
Bench ....................................................
Coremakers, machine.............................
Core-blowing machine .........................
Cupola tenders .......................................
M e n ......................................................
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
M e n ......................................................
Molders, floor..........................................
M e n ......................................................
Molders, machine, automatic.................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
Jarring ...................................................
Squeeze ................................................
Pourers, metal ........................................
M e n ......................................................
S e e footnotes at end of table.
23
23
9
102
77
17
17
13
16
16
13
13
-
44
25
25
11.13
11.13
10.44
7.30
7.52
6.73
6.73
8.19
8.20
8.20
8.12
8.12
8.79
10.32
10.32
135
129
56
617
300
310
67
38
125
105
41
39
34
30
27
123
136
13
32
228
202
10.41
10.40
8.56
8.65
8.54
8.80
8.47
8.13
9.19
9.43
7.81
8.74
9.09
8.97
9.15
7.95
9.46
11.35
9.66
9.12
9.49
_
22
27
27
-
-
_
8.63
-
73
67
15
296
163
130
55
47
26
20
26
23
79
13
23
86
10.16
10.16
9.48
9.37
8.90
8.00
7.80
8.30
8.34
7.92
7.19
7.94
8.55
8.70
9.67
11.35
10.16
7.97
“
Table 17. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Occupational earnings averages by size o f establishment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
United States3
Southeast
M idd le A tlantic
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
20-249 workers
Number of
workers
Sand- or shot-blast operators................
Sand mixers.............................................
M e n ......................................................
Shakeout workers ...................................
M e n ......................................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators.................................
M e n ......................................................
Welders,hand...........................................
Repairers ..............................................
Combination ..........................................
o
Inspection
Inspectors, class A .................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class B .................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class C .................................
Men ......................................................
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge............
Under 20 tons.......................................
20 tons and o ver..................................
Laborers, general foundry......................
M e n ......................................................
Laborers, material handling ...................
Power truck operators............................
M e n ......................................................
Forklift...................................................
M e n ......................................................
Other than forklift .................................
Truckdrivers ............................................
Medium truck .......................................
Custodial
Guards.....................................................
M e n ......................................................
Guards I ................................................
M e n ......................................................
Janitors, porters, and cleaners..............
'
and
2
3
10
-
250 workers or more
Average hour
ly earnings
$8.12
-
-
-
-
-
47
47
-
8.49
8.49
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
15
16
12
10.12
10.12
9.06
9.91
23
23
10.47
10.47
-
-
138
138
7.84
7.84
-
-
27
27
18
18
9.84
9.84
10.27
10.27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
7.45
Number of
workers
Average hour
ly earnings
Average hour
ly earnings
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
8.90
9.29
10.21
10.24
10.15
-
-
-
9.19
9.18
8.42
8.48
8.15
20
51
48
104
82
$8.16
8.68
8.79
8.61
8.91
160
128
106
27
62
48
38
66
61
114
-
Number of
workers
250 workers or more
-
201
142
59
880
773
80
359
336
330
307
29
53
14
8.98
8.99
8.95
7.18
7.30
7.47
8.45
8.40
8.43
8.38
8.62
8.61
8.57
97
84
83
70
74
7.52
7.50
7.43
7.39
7.45
Number of
workers
Average hour
ly earnings
17
18
15
48
_
$8.31
8.29
8.54
7.65
_
-
63
_
75
52
7.74
10.28
_
10.16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
140
138
-
79
78
79
78
-
$8.52
8.52
-
8.78
8.79
8.78
8.79
-
41
37
86
-
142
-
32
404
-
69
163
162
134
133
29
-
8.62
8.71
7.64
-
9.14
-
9.32
7.32
-
7.56
8.56
8.57
8.55
8.56
8.62
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
17
-
10
7.46
7.46
_
-
8.33
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork o n w eeke nds, holidays,
NOTE: D ashes in d ica te th a t no da ta w ere re ported o r th a t da ta did not m eet
late shifts.
p u blication criteria. O verall o ccu p a tio n m ay include d a ta fo r s ub cla ssification s
For de fin itio n o f regions, see fo o tn o te 1, table A-1, append ix A.
n o t sho w n separately.
Includes d a ta fo r regions in addition to tho se shown separately.
Table 18. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Occupational earnings averages by labor-management contract
coverage
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
United States3
Middle Atlantic
Southeast
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
Majority covered
Number of
workers
Maintenance
Carpenters .............................................
Electricians..............................................
M en ......................................................
Helpers, maintenance trades.................
Machinists ...............................................
M e n ......................................................
Mechanics, general................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
M e n ......................................................
Patternmakers, metal..............................
Patternmakers, wood.............................
M e n ......................................................
Processing
Air-set operators.....................................
Centrifugal-casting machine
operators................................................
Metal molds..........................................
Charging-machine operators..................
Chippers and grinders ............................
Grinders ................................................
Chippers and grinders ............................
Coremakers, hand..................................
Bench ....................................................
M e n ......................................................
Coremakers, machine.............................
Core-blowing machine .........................
Cupola tenders .......................................
M e n ......................................................
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
Men ......................................................
Molders, floor..........................................
Molders, machine, automatic.................
M e n ......................................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic .......
Squeeze ................................................
Pourers, metal ........................................
M e n ......................................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators................
Sand mixers............................................
M e n ......................................................
Shakeout workers ..................................
Men ......................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
Average hourly earnings
None or a minority covered
Number of
workers
Average hourly earnings
120
120
73
73
$10.50
10.50
10.66
10.66
_
9.87
196
196
28
31
31
10.53
10.53
10.47
10.80
10.80
46
8.39
-
96
96
30
408
224
177
28
26
9.85
9.85
9.63
8.08
7.77
8.51
6.48
6.26
62
56
311
153
158
22
22
16
182
162
23
162
$9.60
10.44
10.58
9.32
9.82
116
397
10.34
9.78
_
42
-
83
71
49
-
21
22
92
35
115
18
19
16
26
_
-
7.87
8.19
7.86
8.35
-
7.68
9.04
9.00
8.50
8.21
7.57
7.67
7.35
11.56
11.65
-
8.96
9.15
8.78
9.73
9.73
Majority covered
Number of
workers
46
46
45
45
51
102
102
Average hourly earnings
Majority covered
Number of
workers
$10.57
10.57
10.09
10.09
9.41
10.30
10.30
113
105
$10.02
9.41
260
9.56
9.86
-
-
-
_
40
-
-
-
31
31
12
32
-
10.58
10.58
9.70
8.80
-
8
8
31
31
63
47
88
22
138
136
12
37
37
84
76
-
8.27
8.27
8.74
8.74
9.17
10.21
9.56
9.84
9.85
9.86
8.05
9.06
9.06
8.85
8.73
-
41
41
7
170
-
8.51
8.51
8.20
7.64
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
42
-
Average hourly earnings
-
7
7
8
8
-
-
28
28
-
-
8.83
8.83
9.32
9.32
10.13
10.13
-
7.58
42
23
-
11
-
7.58
7.04
7.54
-
-
-
-
-
53
61
12
-
8.93
7.07
7.61
-
Table 18. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Occupational earnings averages by labor-management contract
coverage—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions/ October 1986)
United States3
Middle Atlantic
Southeast
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
Majority covered
Number of
workers
Average hour
ly earnings
None or a minority covered
Number of
workers
Majority covered
Average hour
ly earnings
Number of
workers
Average hour
ly earnings
Majority covered
Number of
workers
Average hour
ly earnings
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators.................................
M e n ......................................................
Welders, hand..........................................
Repairers ..............................................
Combination..........................................
111
43
34
$8.48
9.91
9.85
96
86
66
20
-
$9.18
9.06
10.46
10.42
-
-
-
47
-
$7.10
-
Inspection
Inspectors, class A .................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class B .................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class C .................................
M en ......................................................
48
44
114
-
8.90
9.01
8.18
-
47
37
16
12
9.20
9.19
8.84
9.62
-
-
75
-
7.31
-
96
75
9.04
9.05
7.56
7.84
7.73
8.63
8.64
8.64
8.66
8.53
7.98
38
467
457
164
143
156
135
31
-
8.94
6.93
6.92
8.43
8.31
8.38
8.24
8.51
-
28
26
169
167
8
92
91
84
83
-
$8.82
8.79
8.54
8.54
7.53
8.83
8.84
8.81
8.82
-
52
33
244
42
101
100
80
79
21
-
8.54
8.31
6.68
7.32
8.10
8.11
8.04
8.05
8.33
-
7.49
7.23
-
64
64
59
59
43
7.54
7.54
7.52
7.52
7.00
17
17
10
7.46
7.46
8.33
“
-
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge............
Under 20 tons.......................................
20 tons and over..................................
Laborers, general foundry......................
M en ......................................................
Laborers, material handling ...................
Power truck operators............................
M e n ......................................................
Forklift...................................................
M e n ......................................................
Other than forklift.................................
Truckdrivers .............................................
Medium truck ........................................
Custodial
Guards .....................................................
M e n ......................................................
Guards I ................................................
M en ......................................................
Janitors, porters, and cleaners..............
'
and
2
3
-
551
454
58
222
220
192
190
30
-
8
33
24
“
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
late shifts.
For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
-
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications
not shown separately.
Table 19. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Occupational earnings averages by method o f wage payment
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Department and occupation
Time workers
Number of
workers
Maintenance
Carpenters...............................................
M e n ......................................................
Electricians..............................................
M e n ......................................................
Helpers, maintenance trades.................
Machinists ...............................................
M e n ......................................................
Mechanics, general................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
M e n ......................................................
Patternmakers, metal..............................
Patternmakers, wood.............................
M e n ......................................................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
Processing
Air-set operators.....................................
Centrifugal-casting machine
operators................................................
Metal molds..........................................
Charging-machine operators..................
Chippers and grinders ............................
Grinders ................................................
Chippers and grinders..........................
Coremakers, hand..................................
Bench ....................................................
M e n ......................................................
Coremakers, machine.............................
Core-blowing machine .........................
Cupola tenders.......................................
M e n ......................................................
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
M e n ......................................................
Molders, floor..........................................
M e n ......................................................
Molders, machine, automatic.................
M e n ......................................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
Squeeze ................................................
Pourers, metal ........................................
M e n ......................................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators................
Sand mixers............................................
Men .....................................................
Shakeout workers ..................................
M en ......................................................
Average hour
ly earnings
Southeast
Middle Atlantic
United States3
Time workers
Incentive workers
Number of
workers
Average hour
ly earnings
39
36
302
282
41
235
193
593
516
40
73
20
$10.25
10.33
10.47
10.55
8.64
10.08
9.85
10.03
10.14
10.93
10.26
8.61
-
“
47
8.36
-
-
85
84
65
452
243
209
26
26
89
63
48
48
47
47
29
26
29
13
76
15
79
79
25
36
35
31
31
9.54
9.54
8.82
8.05
7.73
8.42
8.18
8.18
8.02
8.15
8.24
8.24
8.82
8.82
8.43
8.55
8.24
10.87
8.81
9.18
8.75
8.75
7.97
7.78
7.78
7.51
7.51
73
68
267
134
126
28
117
104
42
174
148
_
79
$11.66
11.71
9.16
9.41
9.01
7.50
7.82
9.65
9.37
9.46
10.02
_
8.88
“
Number of
workers
46
46
45
45
56
102
102
“
Average hour
ly earnings
$10.57
10.57
10.09
10.09
9.21
10.30
10.30
“
-
-
12
15
8
8
8
8
-
9.70
8.89
8.60
8.60
9.32
9.32
-
-
-
“
-
Number of
workers
26
187
167
30
139
343
53
~
52
51
15
207
146
54
46
17
17
15
15
26
23
56
33
33
14
13
-
Average hour
ly earnings
$10.18
10.36
10.49
8.31
9.80
9.88
10.15
“
8.99
8.98
8.90
8.07
8.05
8.39
7.96
7.73
7.73
8.48
8.48
8.55
8.70
9.35
8.51
8.51
8.78
8.86
'
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Occupational earnings averages by method o f wage payment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions/' October 1986)
United States'
Department and occupation
Time workers
Number of
workers
Average hour
ly earnings
Middle Atlantic
Southeast
Incentive workers
Number of
workers
Average hour
ly earnings
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators.................................
M e n ......................................................
Welders, hand.........................................
Repairers ..............................................
Combination .........................................
118
118
97
17
63
$8.86
8.86
10.16
9.93
10.17
Inspection
Inspectors, class A .................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class B .................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class C .................................
M e n ......................................................
49
39
81
76
87
82
9.21
9.21
8.73
8.80
8.75
8.86
-
-
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge............
Under 20 tons.......................................
20 tons and over..................................
Laborers, general foundry......................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Laborers, material handling ...................
Power truck operators............................
M en ......................................................
Forklift...................................................
M e n ......................................................
Other than forklift.................................
Truckdrivers ............................................
Medium truck ........................................
Heavy truck ..........................................
224
165
59
925
903
22
90
350
340
312
302
38
58
16
14
9.13
9.19
8.95
7.36
7.36
7.58
7.72
8.34
8.37
8.30
8.33
8.71
8.60
8.33
8.90
-
-
97
84
83
70
81
7.52
7.50
7.43
7.39
89
-
$8.73
-
Time workers
Number of
workers
Average hour
ly earnings
-
-
41
41
75
52
$8.67
8.67
10.28
10.16
-
-
_
41
37
45
45
8.62
8.71
8.15
8.15
$8.82
8.79
8.37
8.37
7.53
8.83
8.84
8.81
8.82
-
142
32
311
300
11
69
145
144
116
115
29
-
9.14
_
9.32
7.60
7.61
7.28
7.56
8.39
8.40
8.34
8.35
8.62
_
_
-
7.46
7.46
8.33
_
_
-
28
26
181
179
8
92
91
84
83
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
17
10
Number of
workers
Average hour
ly earnings
Custodial
Guards.....................................................
M e n ......................................................
Guards I ................................................
M e n ......................................................
Janitors, porters, and cleaners..............
'
and
?
:I
7.45
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
late shifts.
For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
_
_
-
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications
not shown separately.
Table 20. Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries: Occupational earnings: Alabama
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings.1 October 1986)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Department, occupation, and
method of wage payment
U i
(mean)
of
5.75
hourly
workers
Under
earnings 575 6 00
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9 00
9.25
9.50
9.75
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00
1
4
2
1
1
4
4
2
3
6
5
9
11
12
14
5
6
4
5
5
6
4
5
4
5
8
10
1
1
5
6
10
3
4
8
5
12
38
28
50
8
10
11
-
4
2
7
3
46
-
All production workers ..................
Tim e .............................................
4,621
3,937
$8.48
8.86
Maintenance
Electricians .....................................
Machinists......................................
Mechanics, machinery ..................
Patternmakers, wood ....................
141
111
257
40
10.13
9.57
9.81
9.53
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
39
38
13
189
79
37
29
21
12
16
24
67
54
63
41
6
10
38
57
40
9.12
9.11
8.95
7.70
7.47
8.56
7.93
7.07
7.75
7.63
8.42
9.39
9.38
7.09
6.67
7.90
7.62
7.19
10.13
9.84
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
34
8.65
-
-
-
~
-
-
20
8.16
-
-
20
-
-
-
313
53
72
59
7.22
7.55
8.15
11
9
24
“
10
”
-
Processing
Centrifugal-casting machine
operators ......................................
Metal m o ld s................................
Charging-machine operators ........
Chippers and grinders...................
Grinders......................... ..............
Coremakers, machine ...................
Core-blowing machine................
Cupola tenders...............................
Tim e.........................................
Furnace tenders, electric..............
Molders, floor ................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic
Tim e.........................................
Pourers, m e ta l................................
Incentive...................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators.......
Sand mixers ...................................
Shakeout w orkers..........................
Welders, h a n d ................................
Inspection
Inspectors, class B ................. ......
Inspectors, class C:
Tim e.........................................
2
6
1
2
1
-
O
3
3
-
5
5
6
15
o
-
-
-
-
21
21
54
53
3
3
14
25
25
31
40
-
31
29
50
38
10
-
8
9
•i 22
8
-
16
24
-
2
3
3
57
25
6
19
29
24
-
31
17
20
-
2
2
20
5
-
1
3
17
27
-
54
-
6
-
11
14
13
-
34
23
19
24
24
33
-
38
48
61
9
13
(')
(')
3
-
8
-
25
22
17
50
4
5
46
47
-
-
-
-
-
46
39
10
-
-
3
-
8
-
-
-
-
35
24
-
~
-
-
-
-
50
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
4
4
1
2
9
10
O
_
_
n
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
14
12
14
-
-
48
15
25
28
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
28
29
-
-
27
7
~
-
-
-
-
-
-
30
43
28
40
-
33
24
30
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00
and
over
35
-
-
-
30
“
-
-
4
-
30
-
-
-
-
"
.
-
-
-
-
“
-
-
Material movement
Laborers, material handling...........
Power truck operators...................
Forklift .........................................
8 .12
1
”
12
4
8
' Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
* Less than 0.5 percent.
1
All workers were at $5.50 and under $5.75.
_
“
3
2
3
3
6
4
“
5
26
4
3
1
45
51
1
~
10
29
39
3
32
46
4
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications not
shown separately.
T a b le 2 1 . G ra y iro n p ip e a n d fittin g s fo u n d rie s : O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s :
B irm in g h a m , A L 1
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,2 October 1966)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
L /l
0\
(mean)
5.75
hourly
Under
earnings 5.75 6.00
Department occupation, and
method of wage payment
of
workers
All production w orkers..................
4,090
$8.58
Maintenance
Electricians ....................................
Machinists......................................
Mechanics, machinery ..................
124
95
237
10.35
9.73
9.95
38
37
13
79
26
18
16
7
15
46
Processing
Centrifugal-casting machine
operators ................
.............
Metal m olds.................................
Charging-machine operators.........
Chippers and grinders:
Grinders.......................................
Coremakers, machine ...................
Core-blowing machine................
Tim e.........................................
Furnace tenders, electric..............
Pourers, m etal................................
3
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
6
1
4
1
4
3
3
9
12
5
4
4
4
5
9
1
6
1
(3)
2
3
8
14
44
30
9
12
12
5
2
7
8
-
3
46
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.19
9.18
8.95
-
-
-
-
-
-
7.47
8.85
7.98
7 09
8.28
7.73
6.89
4 22
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
22
26
4
6
56
-
-
33
-
-
3
-
2
2
-
-
15
22
23
27
39
12
17
-
33
-
C)
-
-
21
22
-
31
~
-
53
4
6
6
14
38
86
40
-
-
10.00 10.25 10.50 10 75 11 00 11 25 11.50 11.75 12.00
and
10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00 over
4
3
1
10
<*)
-
-
1
1
-
16
14
15
-
54
18
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
29
30
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
47
49
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
38
11
-
-
-
-
-
27
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
“
“
-
-
-
-
8
*
I n s p e c t io n
Inspectors, class B ........................
9 75
34
8.65
-
272
64
52
7.32
8.38
8.39
-
-
-
-
“
“
“
“
“
“
6
“
3
3
4
“
“
35
24
52
9
4
33
37
35
~
M a te r ia l m o v e m e n t
Laborers, general foundry ............
Power truck operators...................
Forklift .........................................
'
2
3
4
1
3
27
4
“
~
7
The Birmingham metropolitan area consists of Blount, Jefferson, St. Clair, Shelby, and Walker Counties, AL.
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Less than 0.5 percent.
All workers were at $5.50 and under $5.75.
1
5
4
1
2
~
44
52
5
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no data were re
ported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications not
shown separately.
T a b le 22.
M a lle a b le iro n fo u n d rie s :
A v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s b y s e le c te d c h a r a c te ris tic s
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' by selected characteristics, United States and regions,
October 1986)
New England
United States3
Characteristic
LA
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
Great Lakes
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
All production workers4 .........................
Men .....................................................
7,586
6,778
$10.83
10.93
230
218
$8.85
8.92
6,060
5,371
$11.53
11.67
Size of establishment:
20-249 workers...................................
250 workers or m ore..........................
1,724
5,862
8.48
11.52
230
8.85
1,203
4,857
8.42
12.30
Labor-management contract coverage:
Establishments with Majority of workers covered..............
6,953
11.11
230
8.85
5,427
11.97
Type of ownership:
Commercial.........................................
4,484
9.36
230
8.85
2,958
10.04
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on
weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown
separately.
4 Includes data for women workers and data for workers
not indentifiable by sex in addition to data for men shown
separately.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that
data did not meet publication criteria.
T a b le 23.
M a lle a b le iro n fo u n d rie s :
E a rn in g s d is trib u tio n
(Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,’ United States and
selected regions,2 October 1986)
Hourly earnings
United States3
New England
Great Lakes
Number of workers..............................................
Average (mean) hourly earnings4 ......................
Median4 ................................................................
Middle range:4
First quartile.......................................................
Third quartile......................................................
7,586
$10.83
10.14
230
$8.85
8.46
6,060
$11.53
11.07
8.35
13.40
7.92
9.34
9.85
13.40
Total ..............................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
Under $6.00 ........................................................
2.9
.9
.2
_
$6.00
$6.25
$6.50
$6.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$6.25 .......................................
$6.50.......................................
$6.75 .......................................
$7.00 .......................................
$7.00
$7.25
$7.50
$7.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$7.25
$7.50
$7.75
$8.00
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
1.0
2.3
3.6
7.0
7.4
7.8
15.2
1.0
1.1
3.0
2.6
$8.00
$8.25
$8.50
$8.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$8.25
$8.50
$8.75
$9.00
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
3.8
3.3
1.8
2.6
8.7
11.3
12.2
3.9
3.7
2.1
1.5
2.6
$9.00
$9.25
$9.50
$9.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$9.25 .......................................
$9.50 .......................................
$9.75 .......................................
$10.00 .....................................
.7
.9
3.4
6.3
7.0
3.0
5.2
.4
.2
.4
2.8
7.7
.3
.7
.2
.9
.4
.2
.2
.5
-
-
_
$10.00
$10.25
$10.50
$10.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$10.25...................................
$10.50...................................
$10.75...................................
$11.00...................................
9.3
2.8
2.7
1.1
2.6
2.2
1.7
2.2
10.6
3.3
3.2
1.2
$11.00
$11.25
$11.50
$11.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$11.25...................................
$11.50...................................
$11.75...................................
$12.00...................................
2.3
.6
1.3
3.2
1.7
1.7
2.6
.4
1.5
3.9
$12.00
$12.25
$12.50
$12.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$12.25...................................
$12.50...................................
$12.75...................................
$13.00...................................
.7
.6
.5
.8
See footnotes at end of table.
-
.9
.9
_
-
-
.9
.7
.5
1.0
T a b le 23 .
M a lle a b le iro n fo u n d r ie s :
E a rn in g s d is tr ib u tio n — C o n tin u e d
(Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,' United States and
selected regions,2 October 1986)
Hourly earnings
(VI
VO
United States3
$13.00
$13.25
$13.50
$13.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$13.25...................................
$13.50...................................
$13.75...................................
$14.00...................................
$14.00
$14.25
$14.50
$14.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$14.25...................................
$14.50...................................
$14.75...................................
$15.00...................................
$15.00
$15.25
$15.50
$15.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$15.25...................................
$15.50...................................
$15.75...................................
$16.00...................................
(5)
5.2
2.5
.2
$16.00 and o v e r..................................................
2.1
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and
for work on weekends, holidays, and late
shifts.
2 For definitions of regions, see footnote 1,
table A-1, appendix A.
3 Includes data for regions in addition to
those shown separately.
4 See appendix A for definitions and
2.3
11.8
6.2
1.5
.3
.2
.1
.2
New England
0.4
-
.9
_
.4
-
-
_
Great Lakes
2.8
14.8
7.7
1.8
.3
.2
.1
.2
(5)
6.5
3.1
.2
-
.9
2.6
methods used to compute means, medians,
and middle ranges.
5 Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of indi
vidual items may not equal 100. Dashes indi
cate that no data were reported.
T a b le 24 . M a lle a b le iro n fo u n d rie s :
e s ta b lis h m e n ts
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s --A II
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations,
United States and regions,2 October 1986)
United States3
Department and occupation
Maintenance
Carpenters................................................
Electricians...............................................
M e n ......................................................
Mechanics, general.................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
Patternmakers, m etal..............................
Patternmakers, w o o d ..............................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
M e n ......................................................
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
22
231
207
100
323
74
19
25
21
$11.44
12.95
13.11
9.50
11.27
10.62
10.10
9.12
8.84
13
21
815
366
314
30
21
278
69
34
32
163
20
177
191
161
201
38
38
36
115
10.16
8.59
10.70
• 9.59
9.60
9.47
9.68
10.98
7.97
9.78
10.06
10.04
7.63
9.92
11.67
12.07
10.45
8.52
7.97
8.06
9.81
68
42
9.24
8.67
Inspection
Inspectors, class B .................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class C .................................
M e n ......................................................
136
119
133
116
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge.............
M e n ......................................................
Under 20 to n s .......................................
99
87
84
Processing
Air-set operators......................................
Charging-machine operators...................
Chippers and grinders ............................
M e n ......................................................
Grinders................................................
M e n ......................................................
Coremakers, hand...................................
Bench ....................................................
Coremakers, machine.............................
Core-blowing machine .........................
Cupola tenders ........................................
M e n ......................................................
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
Furnace tenders, helpers.......................
Molders, machine, automatic..................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
Squeeze .................................................
Pourers, metal .........................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators.................
Sand m ixers.............................................
M e n ......................................................
Shakeout workers ...................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators.................................
Tumbler operators...................................
See footnotes at end of table.
Great Lakes
Number of
workers
21
217
193
-
294
49
-
Average
hourly earn
ings
$11.60
13.17
13.37
11.47
11.18
-
17
-
-
21
649
212
17
17
220
-
9.09
8.59
11.39
10.73
9.20
9.20
11.85
-
-
-
139
17
-
10.29
7.94
-
-
137
31
14
14
90
-
11.34
8.91
8.14
8.14
10.68
31
9.17
10.04
10.15
10.13
10.39
112
100
-
10.63
10.73
-
11.15
11.29
11.30
84
11.85
“
-
T a b le 24. M a lle a b le iro n fo u n d rie s :
e s ta b lis h m e n ts — C o n tin u e d
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s --A II
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations,
United States and regions,2 October 1986)
United States3
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
Laborers, general foundry......................
M en ......................................................
Laborers, material handling ...................
Power truck operators ............................
M en ......................................................
Forklift...................................................
Truckdrivers ............................................
500
473
78
401
338
275
33
$9.67
9.66
10.06
10.44
10.52
10.64
10.04
Custodial
Janitors, porters, and cleaners..............
57
11.35
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and
for work on weekends, holidays, and late
shifts.
2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1,
table A-1, appendix A.
3 Includes data for regions in addition to
Great Lakes
Number of
workers
403
383
75
337
_
Average
hourly earn
ings
$10.41
10.40
10.17
10.99
_
217
-
11.46
-
54
11.57
those shown separately.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were
reported or that data did not meet publication
criteria. Overall occupation may include data
for subclassifications not shown separately.
T a b le 2 5 .
M a lle a b le iro n fo u n d rie s :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s b y s iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
United States3
Great Lakes
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
20-249 workers
Number of
workers
Maintenance
Electricians..............................................
M en ......................................................
Mechanics, general................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
Patternmakers, metal..............................
Patternmakers, wood..............................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
M en ......................................................
Processing
Charging-machine operators..................
Chippers and grinders ............................
Men ......................................................
Chippers................................................
M en ......................................................
Grinders ................................................
Men ......................................................
Coremakers, hand..................................
Bench ....................................................
Coremakers, machine.............................
Core-blowing machine .........................
Other coremaking machines...............
Cupola tenders .......................................
M e n ......................................................
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
Furnace tenders, helpers.......................
Molders, machine, automatic.................
M en ......................................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
Squeeze ................................................
Pourers, metal ........................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators................
M en ......................................................
Sand mixers............................................
M en ......................................................
Shakeout workers ..................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators................................
Tumbler operators..................................
Welders, hand.........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
29
29
59
Average
hourly earn
ings
250 workers or more
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
$8.76
8.76
9.57
8.54
10.10
8.84
8.84
202
178
41
273
54
-
$13.56
13.82
9.41
11.77
11.39
-
611
232
14
217
27
25
11.52
10.37
9.84
11.76
10.26
10.65
73
45
78
18
18
24
24
56
8.09
8.25
8.27
7.69
7.79
8.26
8.26
9.15
9.24
8.19
9.00
7.59
8.61
7.94
10.05
10.05
10.10
10.46
9.10
7.76
7.76
8.04
8.04
8.64
25
16
7
8.13
8.16
8.85
20
19
21
21
19
204
200
13
9
134
134
16
14
61
22
37
54
17
33
33
-
-
-
-
-
-
123
14
12
59
11.31
7.85
8.11
10.93
20-249 workers
Number of
workers
24
24
Average
hourly earn
ings
250 workers or more
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
13
13
$8.59
8.59
8.50
8.63
8.63
193
169
-
$13.74
14.04
_
_
-
19
117
117
59
59
10
10
50
34
17
23
23
47
14
14
14
14
42
8.09
8.19
8.19
8.06
8.06
8.26
8.26
8.14
8.49
7.94
9.73
9.73
8.95
7.74
7.74
8.14
8.14
8.92
532
153
_
12.10
11.76
_
_
_
_
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
-
-
_
-
-
90
48
-
-
12.59
12.22
-
-
T a b le 25.
M a lle a b le iro n fo u n d rie s :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s b y s iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t— C o n tin u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions/ October 1986)
United States'1
Great Lakes
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
20-249 workers
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
250 workers or more
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
20-249 workers
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
250 workers or more
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
In s p e c tio n
Inspectors, class B ................................
Men .....................................................
Inspectors, class C ................................
M e n .....................................................
-
-
33
32
$7.77
7.77
12
12
12
12
65
65
41
41
37
37
8.01
8.01
8.01
8.01
7.51
7.51
7.77
7.77
7.76
7.76
-
116
99
100
-
$10.41
10.61
10.91
-
87
11.58
-
-
-
92
80
$11.23
11.44
-
81
358
338
308
-
11.98
10.79
10.80
11.29
-
-
M a te ria l m o v e m e n t
Crane operators, electric bridge............
M en .....................................................
Under 20 tons......................................
Men .....................................................
Laborers, general foundry......................
M en .....................................................
Power truck operators ...........................
Men .....................................................
Forklift ...................................................
Men .....................................................
Truckdrivers ............................................
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
238
30
10.00
10.01
10.74
11.09
10.29
-
$7.39
7.39
7.77
7.77
7.77
7.77
-
54
11.56
-
-
-
435
408
360
-
-
-
45
45
29
29
29
29
C u s to d ia l
Janitors, porters, and cleaners..............
-
' Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi
days, and late shifts.
? For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
-
-
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not
meet publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclas
sifications not shown separately.
T a b le 26. M a lle a b le iro n fo u n d rie s : O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s a v e ra g e s b y
la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c t c o v e r a g e
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations,
United States and regions,2 October 1986)
United States3
Great Lakes
Establishments with —
Department and occupation
Majority covered
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
Maintenance
Carpenters...............................................
Electricians..............................................
M en ......................................................
Mechanics, general.................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
Patternmakers, metal..............................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
13
213
189
100
275
59
22
$13.24
13.36
13.58
9.50
11.75
11.25
9.16
Processing
Air-set operators......................................
Charging-machine operators...................
Chippers and grinders ............................
M en ......................................................
Grinders ................................................
M en ......................................................
Coremakers, hand...................................
Bench ....................................................
Coremakers, machine.............................
Core-blowing machine .........................
Cupola tenders.......................................
M en ......................................................
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
Molders, machine, automatic..................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
Squeeze ................................................
Pourers, metal ........................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators................
Sand mixers............................................
M en ......................................................
Shakeout workers ...................................
Tumbler operators...................................
13
18
734
339
287
24
15
248
69
31
29
151
168
176
161
174
32
35
33
106
33
10.16
8.77
11.02
9.81
9.86
9.88
10.41
11.40
7.97
10.02
10.34
10.19
10.03
11.96
12.07
10.88
8.72
7.96
8.06
9.96
8.82
Inspection
Inspectors, class B .................................
M en ......................................................
Inspectors, class C .................................
M en ......................................................
136
119
127
110
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge............
M en ......................................................
Under 20 tons......................................
99
87
84
See footnotes at end of table.
Majority covered
Number of
workers
199
175
-
Average
hourly earn
ings
$13.63
13.90
-
14
9.15
18
568
185
11
11
-
8.77
11.90
11.30
9.94
9.94
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
110
25
11
11
81
-
12.24
9.25
8.15
8.15
10.96
-
10.04
10.15
10.25
10.55
112
100
-
10.63
10.73
-
11.15
11.29
11.30
84
“
11.85
-
Table 26. Malleable iron foundries: Occupational earnings averages by
labor-management contract coverage— Continued
(N um ber of prod u ctio n w o rke rs and a ve rage stra ight-tim e ho urly e a rning s' in s e le c te d occu p a tio n s,
U nited States and re g io n s,2 O c to b e r 1986)
U nited S ta te s 3
G re at Lakes
E sta b lish m e n ts w ith —
D epartm ent and occu p a tio n
M ajority cove re d
N um b er of
w o rke rs
Laborers, general f o u n d r y ..........................
M e n ...........................................
Laborers, m aterial handling .......................
Power truck o p e r a to r s .................................
M e n .................................................
F o r k lift..........................................................
Truckdrivers ...................................................
A vera ge
ho urly e a rn
ings
M a jo rity cove red
N um b er of
w orke rs
A vera ge
hourly e a rn
ings
491
464
75
389
326
263
33
$9.72
9.72
10.17
10.53
10.63
10.78
10.04
394
374
72
325
$10.49
10.48
10.28
11.12
205
-
11.69
57
11.35
54
11.57
_
Custodial
Janitors, porters, and c le a n e r s .................
' E xcludes prem ium pay fo r o v e rtim e and
fo r w ork on w e eke nds, holidays, an d late
shifts.
2 For definition o f re gions, see fo o tn o te 1,
table A -1 , appendix A.
3 Includes d a ta fo r re gions in a d d itio n to
th o s e sho w n separately.
NOTE: D ashes indica te th a t no d a ta w ere
re p o rte d o r th a t da ta did no t m eet p u blication
criteria. O verall o ccu p a tio n m ay includ e d a ta
fo r s u b cla ssifica tio n s n o t show n separately.
Table 27. Malleable iron foundries: Occupational earnings averages by method of wage
payment
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2
October 1986)
U nited S ta te s 3
T im e w o rke rs
G reat Lakes
Ince ntive w orke rs
Tim e w orke rs
D epartm ent and occupation
N um b er of
w orke rs
M a in te n a n c e
C a rp e n te rs ......................................................
E le c tric ia n s .....................................................
M en .............................................................
M e chanics, g e n e ra l.....................................
M e chanics, m a c h in e ry ................................
P atternm akers, m e ta l..................................
P atternm akers, w o o d ..................................
R epairers, w ood p a tte rn s ...........................
M e n ..............................................................
C harging-m achine o p e ra to rs .....................
C hipp ers and grinders ................................
M e n ..............................................................
G rin ders .......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
C orem akers, h a n d ........................................
B ench ...........................................................
C orem akers, m a c h in e .............
C upola tenders .............................................
M e n ..............................................................
Furnace tenders, electric ..........................
Furnace tenders, h e lp e r s ..........................
M olders, machine, a u to m a tic ....................
M e n ..............................................................
M olders, m achine, sem i-autom atic .........
S queeze .......................................................
Pourers, m etal ..............................................
S and- or sho t-blast o p e ra to rs ...................
Sand m ix e r s ..................................................
M e n ..............................................................
S hake out w orkers ........................................
S hell-m old a n d /o r shell-core
m achine o p e ra to rs .....................................
Tu m bler o p e ra to rs ........................................
Inspectors, class B .....................................
M e n ..............................................................
Inspectors, class C .....................................
See footnotes at end of table.
22
231
207
100
323
74
19
25
21
21
681
239
18
16
197
34
32
162
20
128
38
34
32
75
42
136
119
99
A vera ge
ho urly e a rn
ings
$11.44
12.95
13.11
9.50
11.27
10.62
10.10
9.12
8.84
8.59
10.37
8.02
8.95
9.00
11.06
9.78
10.06
10.01
7.63
9.81
8.52
7.74
7.83
9.41
8.67
10.04
10.15
10.76
N um b er of
w orke rs
-
-
134
134
127
127
12
81
31
31
175
161
73
40
9
N um ber o f
w orkers
-
21
217
193
294
49
17
-
21
584
151
16
16
139
17
89
31
14
14
52
$12.40
12.40
12.55
12.55
10.25
-
-
-
A vera ge
hourly e a rn
ings
10.77
10.61
10.61
11.97
12.07
11.57
10.57
9.91
-
-
A vera ge
ho urly e a rn
ings
$11.60
13.17
13.37
11.47
11.18
9.09
-
31
112
100
-
8.59
10.97
-
8.80
9.00
9.00
10.29
7.94
10.88
8.91
8.14
8.14
10.65
9.17
10.63
10.73
-
Table 27. Malleable iron foundries: Occupational earnings averages by method of wage
payment—Continued
(N um ber of production w orke rs and ave rage stra ig h t-tim e ho urly ea rning s' in selected occu pation s, U nited S tate s and re g io n s /
O cto b e r 1986)
United States'
Time workers
Great Lakes
Incentive workers
Time workers
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
Material movement
as
Crane operators, electric b rid g e .............
M e n .........................................................
Under 20 to n s .........................................
Laborers, general fo u n d ry .......................
Men .........................................................
Laborers, material handling ....................
Power truck operators ..............................
M e n .........................................................
Forklift ......................................................
Truckdrivers ...............................................
99
87
84
500
473
78
398
335
272
33
$11.15
11.29
11.30
9.67
9.66
10.06
10.42
10.50
10.61
10.04
57
11.35
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
84
_
_
$11.85
_
_
403
383
75
337
-
10.41
10.40
10.17
10.99
-
-
217
-
11.46
-
-
54
11.57
Custodial
Janitors, porters, and c le a n e rs ...............
' Excludes prem ium pay fo r ove rtim e and fo r w o rk on
w eekends, holidays, an d late shifts.
2
For definition of regions, see fo o tn o te 1, ta b le A-1, a p
pendix A.
Includes data for re gions in a d dition to th o se show n
separately.
NOTE: D ashe s indica te th a t no da ta w ere re p o rte d o r tha t
da ta did not m eet p u blication criteria.
O verall occu p a tio n
m ay includ e da ta fo r s u b cla ssifica tio n s n o t show n sep a
rately.
Table 28. Steel foundries: Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' by selected characteristics, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
U nited S ta te s3
C haracteristic
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
All prod u ctio n w o rke rs4 .....................................
M en ......................................................................
21,979
18,523
Size o f e sta blishm e nt:
20 -249 w o r k e r s ................................................
25 0 w o rke rs o r m o r e ......................................
A verage
hourly
earnings
N ew E ngland
M idd le A tlantic
S outh east
S outh w est
N um b er
o f w o rk
ers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
$8.50
8.67
1,646
1,056
$7.29
7.84
2,604
2,289
$8.16
8.44
1,586
1,428
$7.43
7.62
912
869
$7.41
7.49
10,650
11,329
7.83
9.12
746
-
6.47
1,364
1,240
7.92
8.43
1,125
-
6.81
912
7.41
-
-
1,910
8.66
495
9.15
304
7.25
A vera ge
hourly
ea rnings
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
-
N um ber
o f w o rk
ers
-
A verage
hourly
ea rnings
-
L a bor-m an age m ent co n tra ct coverage:
E sta b lish m e n ts w ith -M a jo rity o f w o rke rs c o v e re d .........................
N one o r m ino rity o f w orkers
c o v e re d ..............................................................
10,281
9.08
-
11,698
7.98
1,551
7.22
694
6.77
1,091
6.66
608
7.49
T yp e o f ow ne rship :
C o m m e rc ia l........................................................
C a p tiv e ................................................................
21,323
656
8.49
8.62
1,646
-
7.29
-
2,481
-
8.24
1,476
7.37
-
912
-
7.41
G re at Lakes
N um ber
o f w orkers
A verage
hourly
earnings
M idd le W est
N um b er
o f w o rkers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rnings
All prod u ctio n w o rke rs4 .....................................
M en ......................................................................
8,832
7,283
$9.11
9.21
1,139
1,103
$9.67
9.68
Size o f esta blishm e nt:
20 -249 w o r k e r s ................................................
250 w o rke rs o r m o re .......................................
4,068
4,764
8.26
9.85
540
-
8.35
993
9.80
La bo r-m a n a g e m e n t co n tra ct coverage:
E sta b lish m e n ts w ith M ajority o f w o rke rs c o v e re d .........................
N one o r m ino rity o f w orkers
c o v e r e d ..............................................................
5,170
9.39
3,662
8.72
-
T yp e o f ow nership:
C o m m e rc ia l........................................................
C a p tiv e ................................................................
8,634
“
9.10
“
1,139
-
' Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends,
holidays, and late shifts.
2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
3 Includes data for the Border States in addition to those regions
shown separately.
-
-
9.67
-
-
M ountain
N um b er
o f w orkers
573
498
-
-
Pacific
A vera ge
hourly
ea rnings
$8.10
8.32
N um ber
o f w orkers
A vera ge
hourly
ea rnings
4,604
3,914
$8.29
8.46
-
-
-
-
1,509
3,095
7.98
8.44
-
-
1,096
8.35
-
-
3,508
8.27
-
-
-
-
4,604
-
8.29
-
4 Includes data for women workers and data for workers not indentifiable by sex in addition to data for men shown separately.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did
not meet publication criteria.
Table 29. Steel foundries: Earnings distribution
(Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986)
G reat
Lakes
U nited
S ta te s3
N ew
E ngland
M iddle
A tlantic
N um b er o f w o rk e rs ....................................................
A vera ge (m ean) hourly earnings4 ..........................
M e dian4 .........................................................................
M iddle range:4
First q u a rtile ...............................................................
Third q u a rtile ..............................................................
21,979
$8.50
8.60
1,646
$7.29
7.21
2,604
$8.16
8.12
1,586
$7.43
7.85
912
$7.41
7.17
8,832
$9.11
9.34
1,139
$9.67
9.70
573
$8.10
8.22
4,604
$8.29
8.72
6.90
10.12
5.77
8.50
6.82
9.60
5.80
8.78
5.85
8.60
7.41
10.41
8.24
10.60
6.76
9.05
6.36
10.12
T o ta l .......................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
U nde r $4.00 ................................................................
1.2
-
1.5
.9
8.6
.1
1.6
2.1
.9
.8
.1
1.9
2.0
2.4
3.7
2.4
3.3
1.6
1.5
1.5
.2
.4
.5
.3
Hourly earnings
S outh east
S o u th w e st
(5)
M iddle
W est
M ountain
Pacific
-
3.0
.2
1.2
1.8
.5
.9
.6
.1
4.7
3.1
3.1
2.3
3.8
4.8
3.3
3.1
.1
$4.00
$4.25
$4.50
$4.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$4.25
$4.50
$4.75
$5.00
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
.9
.6
.9
.9
$5.00
$5.25
$ 5 .50
$ 5 .75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$5.25
$5.50
$5.75
$6.00
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
2.5
2.5
2.2
2.2
9.7
6.8
4.3
4.3
2.0
2.2
2.1
2.7
3.5
3.9
5.5
5.0
1.6
1.4
2.4
7.2
.6
.7
.8
.5
$6.00
$6.25
$6.50
$ 6 .75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$6.25
$6.50
$6.75
$7.00
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
2.6
2.2
4.0
3.6
5.1
2.6
5.4
4.4
4.0
4.4
2.0
1.9
6.1
1.2
3.7
2.1
2.9
5.2
4.7
3.9
1.3
1.1
6.1
5.1
.3
2.7
1.2
1.1
3.1
3.5
1.7
4.4
2.5
2.3
1.6
2.6
$7.00
$7.25
$7.50
$7.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$7.25
$7.50
$7.75
$8.00
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
3.4
3.9
4.2
3.0
5.5
5.5
4.6
2.4
2.5
1.1
6.2
4.9
4.1
3.9
4.3
3.9
4.6
4.5
1.9
2.1
2.5
3.0
7.5
4.9
2.1
4.0
3.8
2.4
3.3
4.3
5.3
6.4
4.6
$8.00
$8.25
$8.50
$8.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
un d e r
under
$8.25
$8.50
$8.75
$9.00
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
4.3
2.7
4.1
3.9
5.1
2.4
6.2
3.5
7.3
2.9
3.5
6.0
2.4
2.8
1.8
5.5
4.5
4.7
4.3
7.6
6.3
7.9
11.0
8.2
5.1
4.7
1.5
4.6
2.0
3.9
6.1
3.5
5.4
$9.00
$9.25
$9.50
$9.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$9.25 ............................................
$9.50 ............................................
$9.75 ............................................
$10.00 ..........................................
4.8
4.5
4.2
3.9
2.7
4.9
4.3
3.1
2.6
4.2
3.1
5.7
1.6
.5
2.0
.9
5.1
6.3
5.4
4.7
2.5
3.0
4.5
5.3
2.6
3.5
3.5
2.8
8.0
3.1
3.0
1.1
3.4
3.5
3.8
4.0
2.1
1.7
.5
.9
4.4
.8
.4
2.3
7.0
6.8
5.2
3.3
7.8
5.4
7.1
3.0
.7
1.2
1.7
3.0
6.1
8.5
1.1
1.7
.8
.8
1.2
.1
.7
.7
1.6
2.3
2.9
1.7
3.0
5.2
2.5
1.1
.7
.3
.5
2.6
1.2
2.8
.5
1.3
.7
3.3
2.9
.5
$10.00
$ 1 0.25
$10.50
$10.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$ 1 0 .2 5 ........................................
$ 1 0 .5 0 ........................................
$ 1 0 .7 5 ........................................
$ 1 1 .0 0 ........................................
3.3
1.2
.8
.3
2.6
.3
$ 1 1.00
$11.25
$11.50
$ 1 1.75
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
$ 1 1 .2 5 ........................................
$ 1 1 .5 0 ........................................
$ 1 1 .7 5 ........................................
$ 1 2 .0 0 ........................................
2.0
1.6
1.5
1.5
.3
.8
.5
See fo o tn o te s at end o f table.
5.3
5.5
2.2
.2
3.3
.3
“
-
4.1
"
2.2
-
-
.5
.7
2.2
3.1
1.8
6 .7
Table 29. Steel foundries: Earnings distribution—Continued
(Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986)
H ourly earnings
o
U nited
S ta te s1
34
2
N ew
E ngland
M iddle
A tlantic
0.1
1.0
0.4
.1
.5
.1
$12.00
$12.25
$12.50
$1 2.75
and
and
and
and
un der
un der
un der
un der
$ 1 2 .2 5 ........................................
$ 1 2 .5 0 .......................................
$ 1 2 .7 5 ........................................
$ 1 3 .0 0 ........................................
0.5
.6
.5
.2
$1 3.00
$1 3.25
$1 3.50
$1 3.75
and
and
and
and
un der
un der
un der
un der
$ 1 3 .2 5 ........................................
$ 1 3 .5 0 ........................................
$ 1 3 .7 5 ........................................
$ 1 4 .0 0 ........................................
.2
.4
.3
.2
$1 4.00 an d ove r ........................................................
1.0
-
.3
.2
.1
.1
.2
-
.3
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi
days, and late shifts.
2 For definitions of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
3 Includes data for the Border States in addition to those regions
shown separately.
4 See appendix A for definitions and methods used to compute means,
S o uth east
S o u th w e st
0.8
.4
.9
.1
.1
.5
.3
0.8
1.6
.4
1.1
2.3
.2
.1
.1
.3
.3
.3
1.2
2.0
1.1
.7
1.3
2.5
0.3
-
-
-
(5)
-
M iddle
W est
0.1
-
_
G reat
Lakes
_
-
M ountain
0.3
-
.2
.3
.3
Pacific
0.5
.3
1.0
-
.2
.3
.2
.4
.3
.1
.2
1.7
_
medians, and middle ranges.
5 Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
100. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
Table 30. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages—All establishments
(N um ber o f prod u ctio n w orke rs and average straight-tim e hourly ea rning s' in s e le c te d occu pation s, U nited S tate s and re g io n s,2 O c to b e r 1986)
United States3
Department and occupation
Maintenance
Carpenters...............................................
Electricians..............................................
Helpers, maintenance trades.................
Machinists ...............................................
Mechanics, general.................................
Men ......................................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
Patternmakers, metal..............................
M e n ......................................................
Patternmakers, wood..............................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
47
269
54
83
432
396
414
97
87
145
102
$10.10
10.72
6.16
10.54
10.31
10.20
10.44
12.55
12.49
11.10
8.10
301
187
76
61
40
38
2,487
2,288
194
127
113
1,346
1,175
166
1,014
157
144
13
362
159
59
144
217
125
15
77
417
199
265
83
74
154
141
385
78
New England
Number of
workers
Middle Atlantic
Average
hourly earn
ings
-
$9.30
-
-
-
9
16
Number of
workers
29
7
97
97
24
14
14
30
13
9.43
Average
hourly earn
ings
$10.24
6.72
9.53
9.53
10.11
11.21
11.21
10.71
9.91
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.26
7.67
-
-
-
10.04
-
9.64
10.48
7.66
7.69
8.02
8.12
6.74
8.97
9.14
7.17
7.26
6.44
9.03
8.92
9.10
6.92
9.09
9.13
8.63
9.24
9.26
9.52
9.79
8.73
9.30
8.20
10.06
8.58
9.07
8.81
9.13
9.30
10.01
-
-
-
-
-
Southeast
Number of
workers
-
Southwest
Average
hourly earn
ings
-
$9.97
-
-
-
31
28
-
9.66
9.31
Number of
workers
18
23
23
30
Average
hourly earn
ings
_
$10.89
_
_
9.85
9.85
10.62
-
-
-
11
13
_
9.38
6.71
-
6.84
-
16
22
6.70
6.31
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
-
Processing
Arc-air scarfers .......................................
Air-set operators.....................................
Centrifugal-casting machine
operators................................................
Metal molds..........................................
Charging-machine operators..................
M e n ......................................................
Chippers and grinders ............................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Chippers................................................
M e n ......................................................
Grinders ................................................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Chippers and grinders..........................
Core assemblers and finishers..............
M e n ...................................................
Women ................................................
Coremakers, hand...................................
Bench ..................................................
Floor ...................................................
Bench and floor ..................................
Coremakers, machine...........................
Core-blowing machine ........................
Turn-over-draw machine.....................
Other coremaking machines...............
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
Furnace tenders, helpers .......................
Molders, floor ........................................
Molders, hand, bench.............................
M e n ...................................................
Molders, machine, automatic................
M e n ...................................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
Jarring ...................................................
See fo o tn o te s a t e nd o f table.
115
107
8
6.76
6.80
6.25
-
85
81
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
335
309
-
155
14
14
-
8.30
9.63
9.63
50
14
16
147
143
-
7.53
7.60
-
-
20
7.90
7.96
-
164
139
6.52
6.51
-
17
9.67
9.35
9.61
6.42
6.36
-
118
114
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
38
33
52
-
9.63
8.38
10.02
16
-
39
28
53
35
8
7
25
87
8.40
-
-
-
5.62
-
8.07
7.89
8.29
7.05
9.35
9.40
8.25
-
33
33
5.84
5.84
63
8
8
6.46
6.16
6.16
-
-
-
22
-
8.30
-
13
31
-
6.15
6.15
-
-
6.01
-
-
100
100
6.21
6.12
-
-
8.09
8.05
-
-
Table 30. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages-AII establishments—Continued
(N um ber o f prod u ctio n w o rke rs and average straight-tim e hourly earnings’ in se le cte d o ccu p a tio n s, U nited S ta te s and regions,2 O c to b e r 1986)
New England
United States3
Middle Atlantic
Average
hourly earn
ings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
91
79
52
85
427
362
321
56
141
274
$8.93
9.42
8.41
9.48
8.28
7.44
7.33
9.88
7.72
8.32
_
-
_
-
204
38
837
92
406
339
8.41
7.80
9.90
9.65
9.72
10.18
-
Inspection
Inspectors, class A .................................
M en .......................................................
Inspectors, class B .................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class C .................................
M en .......................................................
Women .................................................
274
378
260
359
205
144
9.69
8.81
8.82
7.38
7.24
7.41
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge............
Under 20 tons.......................................
20 tons and o ver..................................
Laborers, general foundry......................
M en .......................................................
Laborers, material handling ...................
M en .......................................................
Power truck operators............................
Forklift....................................................
Other than forklift .................................
Truckdrivers .............................................
Light truck..............................................
Medium truck ........................................
Heavy truck ...........................................
T ractor-trailer.........................................
417
201
216
855
800
67
61
314
279
35
93
12
45
17
11
9.31
9.00
9.60
7.42
7.32
7.62
7.59
8.46
8.38
9.04
7.89
8.34
7.61
9.11
8.55
Department and occupation
Roll-over ................................................
Squeeze .................................................
O ther......................................................
Combination ..........................................
Pourers, metal .........................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators.................
M en .......................................................
Sand-slinger operators ...........................
Sand mixers.............................................
Shakeout workers ................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators.................................
Tumbler operators...................................
Welders, hand..........................................
Assemblers............................................
Repairers ...............................................
Combination ..........................................
See fo o tn o te s a t end o f table.
Number of
workers
44
38
12
22
56
52
-
15
13
7
7
-
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
Southeast
Southwest
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
_
_
_
_
_
-
$7.13
7.99
6.58
-
40
39
$8.55
9.30
8.24
8.15
8.21
6.65
7.57
$6.84
5.88
5.88
6.35
5.54
$8.16
7.64
-
25
12
110
59
33
8.18
7.09
9.36
9.99
8.64
-
8.32
7.33
6.81
6.74
25
24
18
18
8
7
9.10
9.14
8.70
8.70
7.90
7.96
-
-
8.26
8.32
7.68
7.68
-
_
28
33
59
45
42
-
64
24
40
49
49
20
14
6
7
“
9.08
10.11
8.46
7.45
7.45
9.07
8.93
9.39
8.57
“
30
10
10
27
25
-
10
10
25
-
47
44
29
22
”
7.63
7.56
5.85
5.85
8.90
6.77
6.70
7.32
7.19
“
26
14
14
10
8
27
30
15
16
15
9
7
24
20
81
81
17
12
-
6.57
8.24
8.77
7.64
7.72
6.25
6.62
8.18
7.83
5.44
5.44
6.36
6.86
-
Table 30. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages--AII establishments—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions, October 1986)
New England
United States3
Department and occupation
Custodial
Guards .....................................................
M e n ......................................................
Guards I ................................................
M e n ......................................................
Janitors, porters, and cleaners..............
M e n ......................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
Number of
workers
51
46
49
44
171
145
Average
hourly earn
ings
$6.77
6.51
6.76
6.49
6.89
6.76
Number of
workers
-
11
11
Average
hourly earn
ings
$5.70
5.70
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
“
~
13
13
$6.48
6.48
Southwest
Southeast
Middle Atlantic
Number of
workers
“
“
“
Average
hourly earn
ings
Number of
workers
“
“
Average
hourly earn
ings
“
12
7
$6.14
6.32
8
8
$5.32
5.32
Table 30. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages-AII establishments—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
G reat Lakes
D e p a rtm e n t and occupation
M a in te n a n c e
C a rp e n te rs ......................................................
E le c tric ia n s .....................................................
H elpers, m a in tena nce tra d e s ....................
M a chinists ......................................................
M e chanics, g e n e ra l......................................
M e n ..............................................................
M e chanics, m a c h in e ry ................................
P atte rnm a kers, m e ta l..................................
M e n ..............................................................
P atte rnm a kers, w o o d ..................................
R epairers, w o o d p a tte rn s ..........................
P ro c e s s in g
A rc-a ir s c a r fe r s .............................................
A ir-se t o p e ra to rs ...........................................
C entrifuga l-castin g m achine
o p e ra to rs .......................................................
M e tal m o ld s .................................................
C harging -m ach ine o p e ra to rs .....................
M e n ..............................................................
C hipp ers and grin ders ................................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
C h ip p e rs .......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
G r in d e rs .......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
C hipp ers and g rin d e rs ..............................
C ore asse m blers and fin is h e rs ................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
C orem akers, h a n d ........................................
B ench ............................................................
F io o r ..............................................................
B ench and f l o o r .........................................
C orem akers, m a c h in e .................................
C ore -blo w in g m achine .............................
T u rn-over-dra w m a c h in e .........................
O th e r corem akin g m a c h in e s ..................
Furnace ten ders, ele ctric ..........................
Furnace ten ders, h e lp e r s ..........................
M olders, f l o o r .................................................
M olders, hand, b e n c h .................................
M e n ..............................................................
M olders, m achine, a u to m a tic ....................
M en ..............................................................
M olders, m achine, sem i-autom atic .........
Jarring ...........................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
N um ber o f
w orkers
M idd le W est
A verage
ho urly e a rn
ings
17
117
47
169
155
50
44
42
$9.85
10.75
10.80
11.11
10.50
13.63
11.60
8.47
125
126
10.22
7.37
1,014
870
139
66
467
344
118
481
114
107
158
123
14
21
96
73
8.70
9.07
6.40
9.17
7.16
7.54
5.92
10.14
8.95
9.08
9.12
8.84
10.05
10.17
9
136
57
73
N um b er o f
w o rke rs
19
9
9
59
14
28
141
140
15
15
97
14
13
40
-
14
10
9 .9 9
10.06
10.60
9.55
9.32
9.52
26
20
42
M ountain
A verage
hourly e a rn
ings
N um b er of
w o rke rs
A verage
hourly e a rn
ings
$10.94
8.63
8.63
10.61
8.04
-
_
-■
-
-
-
9.34
-
-
-
-
8.76
_
9.17
9.17
8.18
8.18
8.84
10.74
10.71
-
-
-
_
-
_
_
-
$11.04
5.90
_
54
54
89
13
13
_
10.55
10.55
10.62
13.78
13.78
_
-
-
_
92
10
10
452
437
_
7.51
7.47
_
126
_
_
7.99
_
_
_
56
9.61
56
9.61
_
8.17
_
6.23
6.23
_
_
_
_
_
_
10.17
8.91
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
10.33
8.96
9.24
9.81
9.72
11.57
-
-
_
_
_
19
38
33
7.62
7.59
_
_
_
-
-
_
-
583
568
_
_
_
-
”
A verage
ho urly e a rn
ings
$7.78
7.77
_
_
-
9.16
9.16
10.04
N um b er o f
w o rke rs
36
35
-
86
86
180
P acific
_
-
_
_
_
15
7
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
108
33
77
_
_
_
_
_
9.48
6.63
10.27
Table 30. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages--All establishments—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
G reat La kes
D epartm ent and occupation
R oll-o ver ......................................................
Squeeze .......................................................
O th er .............................................................
C om b inatio n ...............................................
Pourers, m etal ..............................................
S and- or sho t-blast o p e ra to rs ...................
M e n ..............................................................
S and -slinge r op erators ...............................
S and m ix e r s ...................................................
S hake out w orkers ........................................
S hell-m old a n d /o r shell-core
m a chine o p e ra to rs .....................................
T u m bler o p e ra to rs ........................................
W elders, h a n d ...............................................
A s s e m b le rs ..................................................
R epairers .....................................................
C o m b inatio n ...............................................
N um ber of
w orke rs
65
28
22
-
169
128
36
45
127
40
9
330
-
M ountain
M idd le W est
A vera ge
ho urly e a rn
ings
$9.24
11.05
10.08
8.77
8.31
N um b er o f
w o rke rs
_
7
32
22
22
-
10.22
8.45
8.93
-
9
26
P acific
A vera ge
hourly e a rn
ings
N um b er of
w o rke rs
A vera ge
hourly e a rn
ings
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
$8.19
-
-
-
-
$8.22
6.20
6.20
-
-
-
8.10
8.74
10
-
-
9
6.75
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11.51
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10.92
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10.27
10.26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.82
10.05
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10.00
10.33
147
9.83
34
_
_
-
136
164
A ve ra g e
ho urly e a rn
ings
$8.71
8.61
8.61
8.61
8.94
8.13
10.21
83
N um b er of
w o rke rs
71
101
101
26
47
61
-
8.44
8.20
195
9.80
8.18
10.06
97
78
10.27
9.54
75
70
60
47
76
62
10.11
10.04
7.59
7.21
5.67
5.68
9
-
-
Inspection
Insp ectors, class A ................................
M en ..............................................................
Insp ectors, class B .....................................
M e n ..............................................................
Insp ectors, class C .....................................
M e n ..............................................................
W om e n .......................................................
-
-
197
-
9.23
40
39
-
189
108
71
8.30
8.14
8.32
205
76
129
429
385
41
37
175
158
17
24
9.52
8.62
10.06
8.16
8.07
7.45
7.40
8.58
8.46
9.65
7.94
-
-
Material movement
C rane operators, electric b r id g e ..............
U nde r 20 t o n s ............................................
20 to n s and o v e r ......................................
Laborers, general fo u n d r y .........................
M e n ..............................................................
Laborers, m aterial handling ......................
M e n ..............................................................
Pow er tru ck op erators ................................
F o r k lif t ...........................................................
O th e r tha n fo rklift .....................................
Tru ckd rive rs ...................................................
Light t r u c k ....................................................
M edium tru ck .............................................
Heavy truck ................................................
T ra c to r-tra ile r..............................................
See footnotes at end of table.
-
-
20
-
7.77
”
41
36
-
39
31
8.77
8.67
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.51
9.73
-
-
8
8.81
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
28
189
9.26
6.41
6.41
-
-
24
24
8.38
8.38
19
8.50
-
-
“
9.05
189
-
31
26
43
-
-
-
10
9.54
*
Table 30. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages--AII establishments—Continued
(N um ber o f p roductio n w orkers and average straight-tim e hourly e a rn in g s 1 in se le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , U nited S ta te s and re gions,2 O c to b e r 1986)
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
Pacific
Mountain
Middle West
Great Lakes
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly earn
ings
Number of
workers
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Average
hourly earn
ings
Custodial
G u a rd s ........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Guards I ...................................................
M e n .........................................................
Janitors, porters, and c lean ers...............
M e n .........................................................
35
30
33
28
82
65
$7.36
7.06
7.39
7.07
7.90
7.78
1 E xcludes prem ium pay fo r ove rtim e and for w o rk on w eeke nds, holidays, an d late shifts.
2 F o r de finition o f regions, see fo o tn o te 1, table A -1 , append ix A.
3 Inclu des da ta fo r the B order S tates in addition to th o se regions sh o w n
separately.
-
~
-
31
28
$5.55
5.50
NOTE: D ashe s indica te th a t no da ta w ere re p o rte d or th a t da ta did no t
m e et pu b lica tio n criteria. O verall o ccu p a tio n m ay include d a ta fo r sub cla ssific a tio n s n o t show n separately.
Table 31. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages by size of establishment
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
M iddle A tla n tic
U nited S ta te s3
S outh east
E sta b lish m e n ts w ith —
D epa rtm e nt and occupation
20 -249 w orke rs
N um b er of
w orke rs
M a in te n a n c e
C a rp e n te rs ......................................................
E le c tric ia n s .....................................................
H elpers, m aintenance tra d e s ....................
M a ch in ists ......................................................
M e chanics, g e n e ra l.....................................
M e n ..............................................................
M e chanics, m a c h in e ry ................................
Patternm akers, m e ta l..................................
M e n ..............................................................
P atternm akers, w o o d ..................................
R epairers, w ood p a tte rn s ..........................
-J
"4
P ro c e s s in g
A rc-a ir s c a r fe r s .............................................
A ir-set o p e ra to rs ...........................................
C entrifuga l-castin g m achine
o p e ra to rs .......................................................
C hipp ers and grinders ................................
M e n ..............................................................
W o m e n .......................................................
C h ip p e rs .......................................................
M en ..............................................................
G r in d e r s .......................................................
M e n ..............................................................
W o m e n .......................................................
C hipp ers and g rin d e rs ..............................
C ore a sse m blers and fin is h e rs .................
M e n ..............................................................
C ore m ake rs, h a n d ........................................
B ench ............................................................
F lo o r ..............................................................
B ench and f l o o r ..................*.....................
C orem akers, m a c h in e .................................
C ore -blo w in g m achine .............................
Tu rn-over-dra w m a c h in e .........................
O th e r corem aking m a c h in e s ..................
Fu rna ce tenders, electric ..........................
Fu rna ce tenders, h e lp e rs ..........................
M olders, f lo o r ................................................
M olders, hand, b e n c h .................................
M e n ..............................................................
M olders, m achine, a u to m a tic ....................
M e n ..............................................................
M olders, m achine, sem i-autom atic .........
Jarring ..........................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
A verage
hourly
earnings
250 w orke rs o r m ore
N um ber of
w orke rs
A vera ge
hourly
ea rning s
20-249 w orke rs
N um b er of
w o rke rs
12
129
30
30
247
247
134
52
52
64
68
$10.24
10.64
5.54
10.36
9.59
9.59
9.99
11.98
11.98
10.99
7.58
35
140
53
185
280
45
81
34
$1 0.06
10.80
10.64
11.26
10.65
13.21
11.20
9.14
58
58
14
14
9
-
$11.24
9.30
9.30
11.21
11.21
11.78
-
163
133
8.52
7.03
138
54
10.13
9.24
14
-
9.90
-
42
1,489
1,350
139
91
78
921
799
122
477
86
83
232
28
115
110
65
8.20
7.40
7.53
6.12
8.19
8.32
6.63
6.72
6.00
8.73
8.47
8.60
8.46
-
998
938
55
425
376
44
537
71
61
130
70
31
107
60
6
41
186
100
149
8.95
8.99
8.30
8.34
8.40
7.67
9.30
9.46
9.77
10.22
10.44
9.78
9.48
9.49
8.52
9.60
9.94
9.04
10.94
155
153
91
90
48
11
11
35
8.11
8.11
7.43
7.41
9.53
9.59
9.59
9.41
8.72
9.26
7.69
9.69
9
36
231
99
116
79
70
124
112
245
36
7.35
9.00
9.05
9.55
10.63
7.74
8.78
7.34
8.92
8.53
9.05
8.51
8.89
9.17
9.52
-
30
29
140
-
10.04
10.08
9.53
-
A verage
hourly
earnings
6
9
-
22
14
24
-
67
-
-
8.31
“
250 w o rke rs o r m ore
N um b er of
w o rke rs
23
39
39
21
10
180
156
49
15
16
-
A vera ge
hourly
earnings
$9.97
9.88
9.88
10.25
9.80
7.72
7.82
7.95
10.30
10.14
-
20-249 w orke rs
N um b er of
w orke rs
14
23
23
18
15
-
A verage
hourly
earnings
$9.73
8.51
8.51
9.46
8.87
-
17
-
6.52
-
130
128
101
99
-
6.18
6.13
5.86
5.79
-
-
36
27
-
-
7.52
6.41
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Table 31. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages by size of establishment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations. United States and regions/ October 1986)
United States"
Middle Atlantic
Southeast
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
20-249 workers
Number of
workers
Roll-over ...............................................
Squeeze ................................................
O ther.....................................................
Combination .........................................
Pourers, metal ........................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators................
M e n ......................................................
Sand-slinger operators ...........................
Sand mixers ............................................
Shakeout workers ...................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators.................................
Tumbler operators...................................
Welders, hand.........................................
Assemblers...........................................
Repairers ..............................................
Combination .........................................
Average
hourly
earnings
250 workers or more
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge............
Under 20 tons......................................
20 tons and over..................................
Laborers, general foundry......................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Laborers, material handling ...................
M e n ......................................................
Power truck operators ............................
Forklift...................................................
Other than forklift .................................
Truckdrivers ............................................
Light truck.............................................
Medium truck .......................................
Heavy truck ..........................................
T ractor-trailer........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
Number of
workers
_
Average
hourly
earnings
_
250 workers or more
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
20-249 workers
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
_
19
73
51
66
266
167
151
24
89
151
$8.08
9.35
8.36
9.71
7.95
7.14
7.17
8.92
7.35
8.04
72
6
161
195
170
32
52
123
$9.15
10.29
8.84
7.71
7.48
10.61
8.36
8.65
26
48
20
20
17
$8.37
8.16
8.75
8.75
7.98
_
11
25
22
7
-
_
$8.62
7.67
7.72
7.77
-
_
_
22
_
_
6
$6.43
_
_
_
5.28
106
28
380
40
217
123
7.62
7.65
9.11
8.52
9.11
9.29
98
10
457
52
189
216
9.25
8.22
10.56
10.53
10.43
10.68
18
12
64
45
-
8.44
7.09
9.37
9.83
-
46
28
9.35
_
8.81
_
24
22
-
_
_
7.46
_
7.37
-
59
49
10
180
134
46
123
70
53
8.69
8.87
7.81
8.37
8.78
7.17
6.53
6.72
6.28
215
198
236
135
91
9.97
9.21
7.83
7.51
8.07
9
9
9.69
9.69
8.99
8.99
_
-
16
15
_
-
8.76
8.82
_
_
_
-
_
_
10
10
-
_
_
_
_
_
5.85
5.85
-
148
101
47
446
438
8
26
24
141
125
16
59
7
40
-
9.15
9.10
9.24
7.09
7.06
8.52
7.50
7.56
8.26
8.16
9.04
7.44
8.19
7.41
“
269
100
169
409
362
41
37
173
154
19
34
11
10
9.40
8.90
9.70
7.79
7.63
7.69
7.61
8.62
8.57
9.03
8.66
9.53
8.57
10.05
9.99
7.39
7.39
-
41
37
-
8.53
8.30
-
_
31
31
_
_
_
6.18
6.18
-
00
Inspection
Inspectors, class A .................................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Inspectors, class B .................................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Inspectors, class C .................................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
20-249 workers
12
12
23
20
36
36
-
12
9
-
-
8.51
8.45
_
-
_
_
_
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
22
21
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
-
_
7.07
7.15
_
_
-
Table 31. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages by size of establishment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions/ October 1986)
United States'
Middle Atlantic
Southeast
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
20-249 workers
Number of
workers
Custodial
Guards .....................................................
M e n ......................................................
Guards I ................................................
M en ......................................................
Janitors, porters, and cleaners..............
Men .....................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
-
90
84
Average
hourly
earnings
-
$6.55
6.57
250 workers or more
Number of
workers
33
28
31
26
81
61
Average
hourly
earnings
$6.83
6.41
6.82
6.38
7.27
7.02
20-249 workers
Number of
workers
-
Average
hourly
earnings
-
6
6
$6.70
6.70
250 workers or more
Number of
workers
-
Average
hourly
earnings
-
7
7
$6.28
6.28
20-249 workers
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
-
-
-
_
-
-
Table 31. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages by size of establishment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Southwest
Great Lakes
Middle West
Pacific
Establishments with—
250 workers or
more
20-249 workers
Department and occupation
Number Average
hourly
of work
ers
earnings
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
20-249 workers
20-249 workers
Number
of work
ers
250 workers or
more
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
9
9
13
14
$8.63
8.63
9.62
8.04
22
43
43
11
11
-
$10.81
9.86
9.86
13.74
13.74
-
16
84
-
$11.35
10.60
-
15
89
89
15
15
69
15
14
7
16
8
7
17
7
29
17
17
8.01
7.65
7.65
8.18
8.18
7.52
8.99
8.96
8.30
9.17
8.69
8.64
7.96
8.71
8.42
7.60
7.60
65
269
269
224
224
34
34
44
28
20
20
8.52
7.13
7.13
6.80
6.80
9.22
9.22
9.49
8.52
6.85
6.85
27
314
299
228
213
64
24
-
9.34
8.03
8.00
8.20
8.17
-•
9.48
7.00
-
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
Maintenance
Carpenters...............................................
Electricians..............................................
Machinists ...............................................
Mechanics, general.................................
M en ......................................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
Patternmakers, metal..............................
M en ......................................................
Patternmakers, wood..............................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
18
23
23
30
11
13
$10.89
9.85
9.85
10.62
9.38
6.71
55
74
74
50
26
$10.54
9.88
9.88
9.71
8.62
15
62
43
95
105
40
38
16
$9.63
10.94
10.69
12.07
10.88
13.34
12.01
8.23
16
22
100
100
33
33
63
8
8
22
13
31
-
6.70
6.31
6.15
6.15
5.84
5.84
6.46
6.16
6.16
8.30
8.09
8.05
-
33
623
493
130
392
274
118
177
60
60
94
19
46
41
68
23
38
80
80
71
22
99
60
44
16
10.01
7.87
8.35
6.06
6.68
7.00
5.92
10.19
8.81
8.81
8.59
10.00
10.42
10.10
8.96
8.31
8.01
9.06
9.06
10.49
10.08
8.18
7.16
7.27
9.21
92
43
391
377
75
70
304
54
47
64
54
8
50
32
6
68
34
35
109
62
70
68
20
10.29
8.94
10.02
10.00
9.66
9.67
10.11
9.11
9.42
9.91
9.90
9.46
9.60
10.02
8.52
10.13
10.00
11.16
9.76
9.23
9.62
9.32
11.03
Processing
Arc-air scarfers........................................
Air-set operators......................................
Chippers and grinders ............................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Grinders................................................
M e n ......................................................
Women................................................
Chippers and grinders..........................
Core assemblers and finishers..............
M e n ......................................................
Coremakers, hand...................................
Bench ....................................................
Floor......................................................
Bench and floor....................................
Coremakers, machine.............................
Core-blowing machine .........................
Turn-over-draw machine......................
Other coremaking machines...............
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
Furnace tenders, helpers.......................
Molders, floor..........................................
Molders, machine, automatic.................
M e n ......................................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
Roll-over ...............................................
Squeeze ................................................
O ther.....................................................
Pourers, metal ........................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators................
M e n ......................................................
Sand-slinger operators ...........................
See footnotes at end of table.
-
26
14
14
-
6.84
5.88
5.88
“
-
43
81
81
“
-
8.03
6.04
6.04
-
Table 31. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages by size of establishment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Southwest
Great Lakes
Middle West
Pacific
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
Number
of work
ers
Sand mixers............................................
Shakeout workers ..................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators................................
Welders, hand.........................................
Repairers ..............................................
Combination .........................................
Inspection
Inspectors, class A ................................
M en ......................................................
Inspectors, class B ................................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Inspectors, class C ................................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge............
Under 20 tons......................................
20 tons and over.................................
Laborers, general foundry......................
Men ......................................................
Women ................................................
M e n ......................................................
Power truck operators............................
Forklift...................................................
Truckdrivers ............................................
Medium truck .......................................
Custodial
Guards.....................................................
Guards I ................................................
Janitors, porters, and cleaners..............
M en ......................................................
1
and
2
3
250 workers or
more
20-249 workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number Average
of work
hourly
ers
earnings
20-249 workers
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
10
8
$6.35
5.54
17
60
$8.25
8.67
28
67
$8.58
9.16
7
13
$7.54
7.90
27
30
15
-
6.57
8.24
8.77
-
34
126
76
48
8.87
9.85
10.20
9.10
6
204
60
116
9.36
10.44
9.75
10.83
30
-
8.50
-
16
15
9
7
7.64
7.72
6.25
6.62
30
114
76
38
59
22
37
9.05
8.59
9.16
7.45
6.76
7.14
6.53
83
130
86
_
10.11
9.00
8.40
-
-
24
20
81
81
-
8.18
7.83
5.44
5.44
-
53
9.42
152
47
105
231
195
-
9.56
8.02
10.25
8.52
8.42
-
8
15
15
-
_
17
12
_
6.36
6.86
116
109
7
-
8.37
8.30
9.32
-
9
7
23
21
39
7.62
7.70
8.72
-
24
198
190
8
14
59
49
17
17
-
9.22
7.74
7.71
8.52
8.01
9.00
8.82
7.37
7.37
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
8
5.32
5.32
43
41
7.16
7.17
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
late shifts.
For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
-
20-249 workers
Number
of work
ers
_
Average
hourly
earnings
_
250 workers or
more
Number Average
of work
hourly
ers
earnings
_
_
30
$8.46
17
$7.75
63
18
45
9.55
8.37
10.03
57
132
-
9.78
10.31
-
75
70
48
10.11
10.04
7.27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
18
5.71
5.71
56
44
5.66
5.67
8.22
8.53
8.53
-
64
64
-
6.78
6.78
-
125
125
-
6.22
6.22
-
8.01
8.23
-
-
-
-
16
16
9
-
8.19
8.19
8.38
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
”
7
7
5.87
5.87
24
21
-
5.45
5.38
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications
not shown separately.
Table 32. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages by labor-management contract coverage
(N um ber o f pro d u ctio n w o rke rs and average straight-tim e hourly e a rning s' in se le cte d o ccu p a tio n s, U nited S tate s and re gions,2 O c to b e r 1986)
United States3
New England
Middle Atlantic
Southeast
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
Maintenance
Carpenters................................................
Electricians...............................................
Helpers, maintenance trades.................
Machinists ................................................
Mechanics, general.................................
Men .......................................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
Patternmakers, metal..............................
M en ......................................................
Patternmakers, wood..............................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
Processing
Arc-air scarfers........................................
Air-set operators......................................
Centrifugal-casting machine
operators....„..........................................
Metal molds...........................................
Charging-machine operators..................
Chippers and grinders ............................
M en ......................................................
Women .................................................
Chippers.................................................
M en ......................................................
Grinders .................................................
M en ......................................................
Women .................................................
Chippers and grinders..........................
Core assemblers and finishers...............
M en ......................................................
Women .................................................
Coremakers, hand...................................
Bench ....................................................
Floor.......................................................
Bench and floor....................................
Coremakers, machine.............................
Core-blowing machine .........................
Turn-over-draw machine......................
Other coremaking machines...............
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
Furnace tenders, helpers.......................
Molders, floor...........................................
Molders, hand, bench.............................
M en ......................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
None or a
minority covered
Majority covered
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
21
178
23
55
282
282
242
49
49
113
57
$9.97
10.62
5.35
10.53
10.33
10.33
10.49
12.85
12.85
11.71
8.64
26
91
31
28
150
172
48
32
45
$10.21
10.92
6.76
10.55
10.27
10.36
12.24
8.95
7.41
207
161
9.75
7.77
94
26
8.19
7.03
18
1,329
1,315
99
97
442
439
788
104
103
241
130
36
75
157
115
14
28
185
106
205
36
36
10.37
8.73
8.72
9.50
9.53
7.87
7.86
9.12
9.67
9.66
9.40
9.18
9.59
9.71
9.45
9.50
9.87
9.03
9.80
9.40
10.25
9.09
9.09
73
58
1,158
973
180
28
16
904
736
163
226
53
41
12
121
29
23
69
60
10
49
232
93
60
-
9.64
10.51
7.20
7.32
6.45
7.09
6.82
6.83
6.90
6.39
8.70
7.43
7.68
6.57
8.48
8.95
7.12
8.73
8.78
9.82
8.56
8.89
6.82
9.38
~
Number of
workers
9
16
-
89
81
8
77
73
-
Majority covered
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Number of
workers
27
7
80
80
24
27
13
$10.22
6.72
9.47
9.47
10.11
10.75
9.91
-
17
-
10.04
-
-
6.36
6.37
6.25
6.47
6.46
-
242
240
75
74
151
14
14
30
9
16
8.32
8.32
8.38
8.38
8.35
9.63
9.63
9.74
10.19
9.61
93
69
89
65
-
$9.30
9.43
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
33
29
48
-
-
Average
hourly
earnings
None or a
minority covered
-
-
-
9.97
8.73
10.10
-
17
17
_
-
Average
hourly
earnings
$9.81
9.81
_
_
None or a
minority covered
Number of
workers
13
_
10
10
18
_
_
_
Average
hourly
earnings
$8.82
_
_
8.19
8.19
8.67
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
6.80
6.70
6.82
6.72
_
-
-
_
-
_
112
110
_
105
103
6
_
_
33
_
_
5.87
5.83
_
5.90
5.86
6.01
_
_
_
_
_
7.19
-
-
_
-
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
T a b le 3 2.
S t e e l f o u n d r ie s :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s a v e r a g e s b y la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e — C o n t in u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations. United States and regions,2 October 1986)
New England
United States3
Middle Atlantic
Southeast
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
Molders, machine, automatic.................
M e n ......................................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic .......
Roll-over ...............................................
Squeeze ................................................
O th e r.....................................................
Combination .........................................
Pourers, metal ........................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators................
Men ......................................................
Sand-slinger operators ...........................
Sand m ixers............................................
Shakeout workers ...................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators.................................
Tumbler operators...................................
Welders, hand.........................................
Assemblers...........................................
Repairers ..............................................
Combination .........................................
Inspection
Inspectors, class A .................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class B .................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class C .................................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
None or a
minority covered
Majority covered
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
34
20
34
-
$7.27
8.45
7.63
-
23
8
$6.31
5.92
$7.74
-
22
8
95
46
31
8.55
7.85
9.46
10.27
8.75
15
13
-
8.72
8.99
-
22
20
-
7.42
7.31
-
8.32
7.33
6.81
6.74
19
19
16
16
8
7
9.54
9.54
8.78
8.78
7.90
7.96
-
10
10
-
5.85
5.85
8.20
6.36
9.48
9.31
9.53
32
-
89
84
166
152
146
129
-
9.03
9.05
9.35
9.47
7.85
7.93
-
185
212
10.01
8.39
12
22
53
50
“
-
“
_
Average
hourly
earnings
$9.12
9.34
9.08
8.40
8.40
6.65
7.34
138
8
299
197
80
_
Number of
workers
53
32
25
29
29
40
35
8.83
8.19
10.13
9.28
10.12
10.38
_
Average
hourly
earnings
_
66
30
538
70
209
259
_
Number of
workers
-
$8.41
8.84
8.82
9.08
7.60
7.84
7.87
6.98
6.73
9.94
7.84
7.47
7.06
6.07
7.43
Average
hourly
earnings
_
34
31
159
39
35
13
223
240
201
10
24
94
213
76
127
Number of
workers
None or a
minority covered
-
$8.92
9.22
9.64
8.60
9.75
10.07
9.78
8.73
8.36
8.35
9.87
7.70
8.76
-
Average
hourly
earnings
None or a
minority covered
_
120
110
226
43
40
17
72
204
122
120
46
117
180
-
Majority covered
_
T a b le 3 2.
S t e e l fo u n d r ie s :
O c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s a v e r a g e s b y l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e — C o n t i n u e d
(Number of production workers ana average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United
o l d i e s c t i iu i t f y i u f i d ,
New England
United States3
v ^ u iu u e i
id o o ;
Middle Atlantic
Southeast
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
None or a
minority covered
Majority covered
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Majority covered
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
$9.05
10.12
8.46
7.92
7.92
9.04
8.88
9.39
8.66
-
-
-
-
-
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge.............
Under 20 to n s .......................................
20 tons and o v e r..................................
Laborers, general foundry......................
M e n ......................................................
Women .................................................
Laborers, material handling ...................
M e n ......................................................
Power truck operators............................
Forklift....................................................
Other than fo rk lift.................................
Truckdrivers .............................................
Light truck..............................................
Medium truck ........................................
Heavy truck ...........................................
312
125
187
456
423
33
27
23
228
200
28
44
24
10
$9.48
9.18
9.68
8.05
7.98
8.90
8.46
8.56
8.70
8.61
9.36
8.46
7.72
9.71
105
76
29
399
377
40
38
86
79
49
7
21
7
$8.82
8.71
9.09
6.70
6.57
7.05
7.01
7.81
7.81
7.37
7.95
7.49
8.27
-
Custodial
G uards......................................................
M e n ......................................................
Guards 1.................................................
M e n ......................................................
Janitors, porters, and cleaners...............
M e n ......................................................
25
25
25
25
77
73
6.40
6.40
6.40
6.40
7.68
7.71
26
21
24
94
72
7.12
6.63
7.14
6.24
5.80
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
See footnotes at end of table.
6
6
-
10
10
$7.37
7.37
-
5.78
5.78
62
22
40
38
38
19
13
6
6
-
13
13
None or a
minority covered
6.48
6.48
-
-
None or a
minority covered
Number of
workers
30
28
-
18
11
-
Average
hourly
earnings
$5.77
5.62
6.47
5.66
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
5.66
-
T a b le 3 2 .
S t e e l fo u n d r ie s :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s a v e r a g e s b y la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e — C o n t i n u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Great Lakes
Southwest
Middle West
Pacific
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
Maintenance
Carpenters...............................................
Electricians..............................................
Machinists ...............................................
Mechanics, general.................................
M e n ......................................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
Patternmakers, m etal..............................
M e n ......................................................
Patternmakers, w o o d ..............................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
Processing
Arc-air scarfers.......................................
Air-set operators......................................
Chippers and grinders ............................
M e n ......................................................
W om en................................................
Chippers................................................
G rinders................................................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Chippers and grinders..........................
Core assemblers and finishers..............
M e n ......................................................
Coremakers, h a n d ..................................
Bench ....................................................
Bench and flo o r....................................
Coremakers, machine.............................
Core-blowing machine .........................
Turn-over-draw machine......................
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
Furnace tenders, helpers.......................
Molders, flo o r..........................................
Molders, machine, automatic.................
M e n ......................................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
Pourers, metal ........................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators................
M e n ......................................................
Sand-slinger operators ...........................
Sand mixers ............................................
Shakeout workers ...................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators.................................
See footnotes at end of table.
Majority covered
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
-
-
16
11
13
-
$8.28
8.29
7.20
-
None or a
minority covered
Majority covered
Number Average
of work
hourly
ers
earnings
Number Average
hourly
of work
ers
earnings
None or a
minority covered
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
Majority covered
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
Majority covered
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
None or a
minority covered
Number Average
of work
hourly
ers
earnings
17
17
-
$9.39
9.39
-
14
89
32
107
107
120
33
33
31
22
$10.26
10.70
11.18
11.36
11.36
10.58
14.06
14.06
12.74
8.90
28
15
62
35
17
13
20
$10.90
9.99
10.67
10.25
12.79
8.89
7.99
18
7
7
53
12
$10.93
8.53
8.53
10.69
8.33
14
-
$10.39
-
24
33
33
63
-
$11.42
10.81
10.81
10.69
-
12
51
51
21
21
-
6.27
5.90
5.90
5.08
5.08
7.93
6.48
5.89
5.89
-
101
660
651
230
230
384
69
69
131
106
21
85
63
8
69
43
61
80
80
95
111
49
47
28
37
93
10.28
9.35
9.33
7.93
7.93
10.17
9.72
9.72
8.96
8.70
10.17
10.03
10.10
10.84
10.06
9.69
9.53
9.06
9.06
9.92
8.70
9.13
9.13
10.32
8.35
9.38
24
19
354
219
130
20
237
114
118
97
45
38
27
17
11
10
67
14
85
58
79
8
34
9.96
7.93
7.49
8.29
6.06
8.11
6.40
6.77
5.92
10.01
7.77
7.91
9.94
9.71
9.72
9.82
9.01
8.18
10.19
8.91
7.80
8.91
7.70
26
115
114
82
14
13
35
10
10
21
19
41
12
21
19
19
7
21
9.43
9.51
9.51
9.16
10.74
10.71
10.32
8.29
9.24
9.77
9.91
11.70
9.03
8.96
8.61
8.61
8.87
8.79
51
172
172
97
97
25
46
16
16
20
-
9.09
7.39
7.39
7.39
7.39
9.47
10.24
5.92
5.92
8.37
-
41
411
396
355
340
83
33
52
85
85
31
8.35
7.71
7.68
7.54
7.49
9.49
6.63
7.92
6.26
6.26
7.92
18
10.15
22
7.95
~
55
9.76
-
20
13
11
11
~
“
“
T a b le 3 2 .
S t e e l f o u n d r ie s :
O c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s a v e r a g e s b y la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e — C o n t in u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Southwest
Great Lakes
Middle West
Pacific
Establishments with—
Department and occupation
Majority covered
Number Average
hourly
of work
ers
earnings
None or a
minority covered
Number
of work
ers
Tumbler operators...................................
Welders, hand..........................................
Repairers ...............................................
Combination ..........................................
-
-
-
Inspection
Inspectors, class A .................................
M e n .......................................................
Inspectors, class B ............................
Men ....................................
Inspectors, class C .................................
M e n .......................................................
Women .................................................
-
-
10
-
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge.............
Under 20 to n s .......................................
20 tons and o v e r..................................
Laborers, general foundry......................
Men ......................................................
Power truck operators............................
Forklift ....................................................
Other than forklift .................................
Truckdrivers .............................................
Medium truck ........................................
-
16
78
78
13
-
Custodial
G uards......................................................
Guards I .................................................
Janitors, porters, and cleaners..............
M e n ......................................................
6
$7.40
-
-
-
-
-
~
”
-
Average
hourly
earnings
_
-
Majority covered
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
None or a
minority covered
Number Average
of work
hourly
ers
earnings
Majority covered
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
_
Majority covered
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
9
215
38
147
$8.13
10.53
11.04
10.39
_
115
98
17
_
$9.62
9.60
9.75
_
78
-
$11.65
-
9
100
-
$8.18
9.71
-
$7.94
-
74
64
104
90
-
9.48
9.76
8.15
8.27
-
123
85
57
9.08
8.49
8.56
40
39
-
10.27
10.26
-
23
23
-
8.12
5.43
5.43
6.41
-
136
19
117
306
282
130
113
17
12
11
9.95
7.97
10.28
8.31
8.26
8.68
8.54
9.65
8.21
7.98
69
57
123
103
45
45
12
9
8.68
8.83
7.78
7.53
8.28
8.28
7.67
7.50
41
36
30
22
30
25
7
-
9.82
10.05
8.55
8.34
9.50
9.73
8.66
-
-
45
42
8.39
8.49
18
16
37
“
7.31
7.37
7.31
_
-
_
_
-
None or a
minority covered
Number
of work
ers
Average
hourly
earnings
_
95
29
46
$10.43
11.82
9.26
6.65
6.65
-
65
60
48
_
_
39
-
10.23
10.15
7.27
_
_
5.11
-
29
-
8.71
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
141
141
_
_
8
-
_
_
_
6.52
6.52
_
_
_
7.52
-
_
-
_
_
5.84
5.84
_
25
22
6
6
_
_
_
5.48
5.41
' Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publicashifts.
tion criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications not shown sepa2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
rately.
3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
T a b le 3 3.
S t e e l f o u n d r ie s :
O c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s a v e r a g e s b y m e t h o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
United States3
Time workers
New England
Incentive workers
Middle Atlantic
Time workers
Southeast
Incentive workers
Time workers
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
Maintenance
Carpenters...............................................
Electricians..............................................
Helpers, maintenance trades.................
Machinists ...............................................
Mechanics, general.................................
M e n ......................................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
Patternmakers, m etal..............................
M e n ......................................................
Patternmakers, w o o d ..............................
Repairers, wood patterns.......................
Processing
Arc-air scarfers.......................................
Air-set operators......................................
Centrifugal-casting machine
operators................................................
Metal m olds..........................................
Charging-machine operators..................
Men ......................................................
Chippers and grinders ............................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Chippers................................................
M e n ......................................................
Grinders ................................................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Chippers and grinders..........................
Core assemblers and finishers..............
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
Coremakers, hand...................................
Bench ....................................................
F lo o r......................................................
Bench and flo o r....................................
Coremakers, machine.............................
Core-blowing machine .........................
Turn-over-draw machine......................
Other coremaking machines...............
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
Furnace tenders, helpers.......................
Molders, flo o r..........................................
Molders, hand, bench.............................
Men ......................................................
Molders, machine, automatic.................
M e n ......................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
Average
hourly
earnings
47
257
53
82
413
377
398
97
87
139
93
$10.10
10.71
6.09
10.52
10.27
10.15
10.44
12.55
12.49
11.19
8.02
221
146
8.93
7.08
76
61
39
37
1,938
1,749
184
65
52
1,284
1,113
166
589
90
78
12
262
9.64
10.48
7.58
7.61
7.37
7.45
6.50
7.78
7.86
7.05
7.13
6.44
8.01
8.10
8.33
6.57
8.53
-
40
140
135
68
-
65
380
168
175
82
73
130
117
-
7.81
9.21
8.84
8.98
-
8.68
9.19
7.81
9.70
8.58
9.08
8.54
8.90
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
9
Average
hourly
earnings
$9.30
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
16
_
9.43
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
80
41
$10.17
9.75
Number of
workers
27
6
78
78
24
14
14
30
10
Average
hourly
earnings
-
$10.06
6.27
9.14
9.14
10.11
11.21
11.21
10.71
9.80
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
-
9.31
-
20
6.84
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
$10.17
31
-
$9.97
-
28
9.66
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
549
539
10.31
10.30
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
425
67
66
-
10.44
10.01
10.00
-
100
77
19
-
10.57
10.64
10.34
-
82
57
13
-
9.95
10.17
9.82
-
37
31
90
10.39
10.29
10.75
-
115
107
8
-
85
81
-
6.76
6.80
6.25
-
6.52
6.51
-
289
263
7.58
7.63
-
46
46
9.89
9.89
-
-
147
143
6.42
6.36
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7.48
7.54
-
-
-
-
162
137
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
8
-
8.58
8.58
-
-
44
-
9.81
118
114
-
6.21
6.12
-
6
-
6.01
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
11
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
31
29
43
-
-
-
-
9.61
9.01
9.59
-
-
9.19
8.02
9.73
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
11.57
9
11.41
-
-
39
-
8.07
-
28
53
35
-
-
7.89
8.29
7.05
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
“
“
“
5.62
“
-
-
“
8
7
9.35
9.40
T a b le 3 3 .
S t e e l f o u n d r ie s :
O c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s a v e r a g e s b y m e t h o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t — C o n t in u e d
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
New England
United States3
Time workers
Incentive workers
Middle Atlantic
Time workers
Southeast
Incentive workers
Time workers
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
-
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
Jarring ....................................................
Roll-over ................................................
Squeeze .................................................
O th e r......................................................
Combination ..........................................
Pourers, metal .........................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators.................
M e n .......................................................
Sand-slinger operators ...........................
Sand m ixers.............................................
Shakeout workers ...................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators.................................
Tumbler operators...................................
Welders, hand..........................................
Assemblers :...........................................
Repairers ...............................................
Combination ..........................................
221
15
41
67
30
68
372
318
277
26
123
229
$8.52
8.53
7.68
8.96
7.19
9.18
8.00
7.17
7.00
9.17
7.56
8.22
164
22
55
30
18
45
$10.35
10.08
10.18
9.43
9.43
10.50
8.86
8.83
178
25
555
83
265
207
8.30
7.44
9.41
9.62
9.21
9.58
26
13
282
141
132
9.16
8.50
10.85
10.68
11.10
44
38
-
Inspection
Inspectors, class A .................................
M e n .......................................................
Inspectors, class B .................................
M e n .......................................................
Inspectors, class C .................................
M e n .......................................................
Women .................................................
264
337
219
359
205
144
9.65
8.65
8.57
7.38
7.24
7.41
41
41
-
10.13
10.13
“
12
22
56
52
See footnotes at end of table.
44
44
Average
hourly
earnings
_
-
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
_
72
28
49
41
38
34
$7.96
8.55
7.86
7.97
8.02
7.27
_
10
-
$10.14
-
$8.16
7.64
-
16
11
78
27
33
7.60
6.79
8.97
9.61
8.64
9
32
32
-
9.20
10.31
10.31
-
8.32
7.33
6.81
6.74
21
20
14
14
8
7
-
8.80
8.85
8.03
8.03
7.90
7.96
-
-
Number of
workers
25
30
-
Average
hourly
earnings
10
10
$8.25
7.13
7.99
6.58
27
25
-
7.63
7.56
-
10
10
5.85
5.85
-
-
Table 33. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages by method of wage payment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
United States3
Time workers
New England
Incentive workers
Middle Atlantic
Time workers
Southeast
Incentive workers
Time workers
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge.............
Under 20 to n s .......................................
20 tons and o v e r..................................
Laborers, general foundry......................
M e n ......................................................
Laborers, material handling ...................
M e n ......................................................
Power truck operators............................
F orklift...................................................
Other than fo rk lift.................................
Truckdrivers .............................................
Light tru ck .............................................
Medium truck ........................................
Heavy tru c k ...........................................
Tractor-trailer.........................................
316
133
183
826
771
62
58
295
261
34
88
12
41
16
11
$9.00
8.49
9.37
7.36
7.25
7.51
7.52
8.39
8.31
9.00
7.78
8.34
7.47
8.91
8.55
Custodial
G uards.....................................................
M e n ......................................................
Guards I ................................................
M e n ......................................................
Janitors, porters, and cleaners..............
M e n ......................................................
51
46
49
44
170
144
6.77
6.51
6.76
6.49
6.88
6.74
See footnotes at end of table.
Number of
workers
101
68
29
29
19
18
-
Average
hourly
earnings
$10.29
10.00
9.24
9.24
9.53
9.48
“
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
15
13
7
7
-
$8.26
8.32
7.68
7.68
-
11
11
5.70
5.70
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
17
12
7
-
$8.48
9.09
8.28
7.28
7.28
8.89
8.76
8.57
-
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
25
47
44
29
22
_
_
_
-
$8.90
_
6.77
6.70
_
7.32
7.19
_
_
_
_
_
12
12
_
6.26
6.26
_
_
_
_
-
_
-
_
_
_
_
12
7
_
_
_
6.14
6.32
51
13
38
43
43
-
-
Table 33. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages by method of wage payment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Southwest
Great Lakes
Time workers
Middie West
Incentive workers
Time workers
Pacific
Incentive workers
Time workers
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
Maintenance
Carpenters................................................
Electricians...............................................
Helpers, maintenance trades..................
Machinists ................................................
Mechanics, general.................................
M e n .......................................................
Mechanics, machinery............................
Patternmakers, m etal..............................
M e n .......................................................
Patternmakers, w o o d ..............................
Repairers, wood patterns........................
Processing
Arc-air scarfers........................................
Air-set operators......................................
Chippers and grinders ............................
M e n .......................................................
Women .................................................
Chippers.................................................
M e n .......................................................
Grinders .................................................
M e n .......................................................
Women .................................................
Chippers and grinders..........................
Core assemblers and finishers...............
M e n .......................................................
Coremakers, hand...................................
Bench .....................................................
F lo o r.......................................................
Bench and flo o r....................................
Coremakers, m achine.............................
Core-blowing machine .........................
Turn-over-draw machine......................
Other coremaking machines................
Furnace tenders, electric .......................
Furnace tenders, helpers.......................
Molders, flo o r...........................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic ........
Squeeze .................................................
O th e r......................................................
Pourers, metal .........................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators.................
M e n .......................................................
Sand-slinger operators ...........................
Sand m ixers.............................................
Shakeout workers ...................................
See footnotes at end of table.
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
-
18
23
23
30
11
13
$10.89
9.85
9.85
10.62
9.38
6.71
17
108
47
169
143
50
38
36
$9.85
10.75
10.80
11.11
10.51
13.63
12.01
8.51
-
16
22
100
100
33
33
63
8
8
22
13
31
-
6.70
6.31
6.15
6.15
5.84
5.84
6.46
6.16
6.16
8.30
8.09
8.05
-
571
436
130
28
16
407
284
118
136
65
58
109
40
27
-
7.54
7.96
6.06
8.73
9.68
6.81
7.13
5.92
9.47
8.47
8.64
-
52
443
434
345
49
49
80
63
13
75
54
9
27
17
46
149
22
37
31
31
27
13
-
26
14
14
10
8
-
6.84
5.88
5.88
6.35
5.54
-
-
9.44
9.02
9.48
-
132
97
9
32
95
8.40
8.01
9.56
8.41
9.09
$10.03
10.20
10.18
10.41
9.59
9.59
10.19
10.22
10.02
9.99
10.10
10.60
9.98
10.02
9.54
10.33
10.08
10.12
9.24
9.24
10.44
8.55
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
18
9
9
55
14
$10.98
8.63
8.63
10.65
8.04
12
81
81
15
15
61
25
14
23
10
7
19
7
24
13
13
-
7.62
7.47
7.47
8.18
8.18
7.27
8.91
8.96
9.61
8.98
8.64
8.17
8.71
7.96
7.78
7.78
7.54
8.24
7
18
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
-
-
16
60
59
-
-
$10.62
-
11.45
11.49
-
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
38
33
54
54
89
13
13
-
$11.04
5.90
10.55
10.55
10.62
13.78
13.78
_
-
92
583
568
452
437
_
126
_
56
_
_
56
_
_
108
33
77
-
8.76
7.62
7.59
_
_
7.51
7.47
7.99
_
9.61
9.61
_
_
9.48
6.63
10.27
_
_
_
8.22
6.20
6.20
_
8.44
8.20
-
-
-
-
-
-
71
101
101
26
47
Table 33. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings averages by method of wage payment—Continued
(Number of production workers and average straight time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States and regions,2 October 1986)
Southwest
Great Lakes
Middle West
Incentive workers
Time workers
Time workers
Pacific
Incentive workers
Time workers
Department and occupation
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators.................................
Tumbler operators...................................
Welders, hand.........................................
Repairers ..............................................
Combination ..........................................
27
30
15
-
$6.57
8.24
8.77
-
25
140
47
65
Inspection
Inspectors, class A ................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class B .................................
M e n ......................................................
Inspectors, class C .................................
M e n ......................................................
Women ................................................
16
15
9
7
-
7.64
7.72
6.25
6.62
-
141
169
189
108
71
24
20
81
81
-
8.18
7.83
5.44
5.44
-
Material movement
Crane operators, electric bridge............
Under 20 to n s .......................................
20 tons and o v e r..................................
Laborers, general foundry......................
M e n ......................................................
Laborers, material handling ...................
Men ......................................................
Power truck operators............................
F orklift...................................................
Other than forklift .................................
Truckdrivers ............................................
Medium truck ........................................
Heavy truck ..........................................
Custodial
G uards.....................................................
M e n ......................................................
Guards I ................................................
M e n ......................................................
Janitors, porters, and cleaners..............
M e n ......................................................
17
12
-
6.36
6.86
-
134
36
98
406
362
36
34
169
152
17
21
17
-
-
5.32
5.32
35
30
33
28
82
65
-
-
8
8
Average
hourly
earnings
-
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number of
workers
9
190
89
-
$8.13
10.37
10.31
-
23
-
$8.44
-
60
-
9.78
9.04
- .
8.30
8.14
8.32
28
28
-
10.38
10.38
-
31
30
-
10.64
10.65
-
-
9.26
7.77
9.81
8.09
7.98
7.24
7.27
8.61
8.49
9.65
7.70
7.45
-
71
-
10.02
-
39
31
21
8.77
8.67
9.07
-
-
7.36
7.06
7.39
7.07
7.90
7.78
$9.16
10.01
9.42
10.30
' Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late
shifts.
2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
Number of
workers
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
“
-
Average
hourly
earnings
$12.69
-
Number of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
61
9
195
97
78
$9.80
8.18
10.06
10.27
9.54
-
75
70
60
47
76
62
-
10.11
10.04
7.59
7.21
5.67
5.68
-
-
43
28
189
189
24
24
19
9.05
9.26
6.41
6.41
8.38
8.38
8.50
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
10
9.54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
“
31
28
5.55
5.50
6
8.45
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publica
tion criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications not shown sepa
rately.
Table 34. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings: Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA’
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,2 October 1986)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Department, occupation, and
method of wage payment
Number
of
workers
(mean)
3.35
hourly
and
earnings under
3.50
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
4.50
4.75
5.00
5.25
5.50
5.75
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7 00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
4.50
4.75
5.00
5.25
5.50
5 75
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
900
9.25
9.50
9.75
9.75
and
over
2
4
3
2
5
3
1
3
1
2
4 10
1
4
5
3
3
4
4
7
3
7
8
8
3
All production workers ....................
1,556
$6.61
3
4
2
5
1
3
2
10
10
5
6
4
4
3
3
Processing
Chippers and grinders.....................
Grinders...........................................
Furnace tenders, electric................
Pourers, m e ta l...................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators.......
Welders, h a n d ...................................
Repairers.........................................
134
125
26
38
62
42
12
6.17
6.07
7.76
7.25
4.81
8.80
7.80
1
1
3
3
1
1
7
7
4
4
3
3
6
6
6
6
10
10
3
3
1
2
3
3
23
21
-
~
27
21
-
12
11
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
15
4
11
7
25
-
-
-
-
-
Inspection
Inspectors, class C ..........................
64
5.26
Custodial
Janitors, porters, and cleaners.....
17
5.27
2
-
3
21
23
19
-
-
-
-
-
2
16
6
“
3
2
7
-
3
2
3
12
12
6
12
35
3
-
5
8
8
2
8
20
11
33
“
“
6
' The Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area consists of Los Angeles County, CA.
2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
3 Less than 0.5 percent.
4 Workers were distributed as follows: 2 percent at $9.75 and under $10.50; 2 percent at $10.50 and under
$11.25; and 6 percent at $11.25 and over.
5 All workers were at $10.50 and under $10.75.
-
-
2
2
12
-
-
3
8
6
-
-
-
11
8
2
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
(3)
-
-
-
-
4
21
14
50
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5 15
6 48
-
"
-
-
5
“
“
2
”
6
“
~
6
“
"
6
Workers were distributed as follows: 10 percent at $10.25 and under $10.50; 10 percent at $10.50 and under
$10.75; 10 percent at $10.75 and under $11; and 19 percent at $11.25 and over.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no data were re
ported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications not
shown separately.
Table 35. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings: Ohio
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,' October 1986)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) ofDepartment, occupation, and
method of wage payment
Number
of
workers
Average
(mean)
3.50
hourly
and
earnings under
4.00
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
10.00
10.50
11.00
11.50 12.00
12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50
15.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
10.00
10.50
11.00
11.50
12.00
12.50
13.00 13.50
15.50
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
6
7
5
6
9
11
3
3
3
4
10
11
2
1
7
6
18
17
12
9
5
3
5
5
6
6
-
-
-
-
23
3
3
57
-
34
57
47
-
-
11
27
5
29
-
-
4
5
(2)
7
9
11
5
13
55
1
(2)
(2)
4
3
4
4
4
5
18
55
-
14
9
7
61
22
21
48
73
26
30
9
45
25
60
-
14
1
1
28
-
-
-
-
39
-
-
' 14
15
20
23
-
49
51
22
8
-
-
21
All production workers ....................
T im e ..................................................
3,248
2,787
$9.21
8.93
(1
2)
(2)
Maintenance
Electricians ........................................
Machinists..........................................
Mechanics, general .........................
Mechanics, machinery ....................
Patternmakers, wood ......................
35
30
77
89
17
11.50
11.40
11.66
10.91
13.01
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
432
287
241
25
36
51
47
23
15
46
40
44
11
53
113
47
11
8.29
6.97
6.63
11.68
10.95
9.09
8.84
10.40
9.57
8.08
7.51
7.04
10.66
9.70
10.67
9.98
8.98
-
20
23
9
_
-
8
10.19
-
-
Inspection
Inspectors, class B ...........................
Inspectors, class C ...........................
80
122
8.16
8.66
-
-
-
Material m ovement
Crane operators, electric bridge ....
20 tons and over ..........................
Laborers, general foundry ..............
T im e .............................................
Power truck operators.....................
Forklift .............................................
Truckdrivers.......................................
90
90
142
134
46
39
8
10.65
10.65
9.29
9.22
9.51
9.54
7.95
Custodial
Janitors, porters, and cleaners .....
24
8.63
Processing
Chippers and grinders.....................
T im e .............................................
Grinders...........................................
Core assemblers and finishers.....
Coremakers, hand ...........................
Furnace tenders, electric................
T im e .............................................
Furnace tenders, helpers ...............
T im e .............................................
Pourers, m e ta l...................................
T im e .............................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators.......
Sand-slinger operators....................
Shakeout w orkers............................
Welders, h a n d ...................................
T im e .............................................
Repairers.........................................
Combination:
T im e .............................................
3
4
5
2
3
5
6
-
8
11
14
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
8
5
6
8
10
24
26
9
13
35
40
14
-
22
33
40
50
3
6
27
6
6
9
13
-
-
12
13
-
-
-
-
50
-
15
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
“
*
6
6
8
-
2
3
4
3
5
5
3
23
3
-
3
-
50
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
25
”
6
6
8
4
9
2
2
4
5
8
1
-
3
4
13
3
5
-
-
1
(2)
7
3
3
14.00 14.50 15.00
(2)
(2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
1
1
20
16
17
13
4
-
1
24
11
30
10
-
1
16
8
6
27
4
9
-
(2)
4
-
5
(2)
(2)
4
8
19
4
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
"
50
-
-
3
15
11
2
1
1
30
36
-
70
70
11
6
20
23
38
15
16
4
17
29
3
32
1
2
7
5
13
2
2
1
-
65
23
1
1
1
3
1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
14
17
35
-
-
-
-
(2)
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
30
30
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
“
“
2
2
~
'
-
"
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no data
2 Less than 0.5 percent.
were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for sub
classifications not shown separately.
Table 36. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings: Pennsylvania
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,’ October 1986)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Department, occupation, and
method of wage payment
All production workers ....................
T im e .................................................
Maintenance
Electricians ........................................
T im e .............................................
Helpers, maintenance tra d e s .........
T im e .............................................
Mechanics, general .........................
T im e .............................................
Patternmakers, wood ......................
T im e .............................................
Processing
Arc-air scarfers..................................
Chippers and grinders.....................
T im e .............................................
Grinders...........................................
Chippers and grinders..................
Core assemblers and finishers......
T im e .............................................
Coremakers, hand ...........................
T im e .............................................
Bench ...............................................
T im e .............................................
Floor .................................................
T im e .............................................
Furnace tenders, electric................
T im e .............................................
Furnace tenders, helpers ...............
T im e .............................................
Molders, floor ....................................
T im e .............................................
Molders, machine, semi-automatic
T im e .............................................
Squeeze ..........................................
Pourers, m etal...................................
T im e .............................................
Sand- or shot-blast operators.......
T im e .............................................
Shakeout w orkers.............................
T im e .............................................
Shell-mold and/or shell-core
machine operators .........................
Welders, h a n d ...................................
T im e .............................................
Repairers.........................................
T im e .............................................
Combination....................................
Inspection
Inspectors, class A ..........................
T im e .............................................
Inspectors, class C ...........................
See footnotes at end of table.
of
workers
(mean)
hourly
Under
earnings
4.25
4.25
4.50
4.75
5.00
5.25
5.50
5.75
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
4.50
4.75
5.00
5.25
5.50
5.75
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
10.00 10.50
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
5
5
2
1
2
2
3
3
7
8
6
6
5
6
9
10
4
4
7
8
4
4
3
3
5
5
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
9
10
_
14
17
-
1
1
1,958
1,782
$8.16
7.98
3
3
27
25
7
6
64
60
24
23
13
10
10.22
10.03
6.72
6.27
9.05
8.86
10.11
10.28
9.91
9.80
-
~
-
-
-
-
-
43
50
-
29
33
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
248
217
94
138
10
8
34
29
13
10
16
14
31
26
27
25
47
43
64
60
18
40
33
26
23
31
28
9.75
7.77
7.55
7.28
8.10
9.27
8.58
9.57
9.45
9.61
9.31
9.61
9.59
9.83
9.54
8.59
8.36
9.74
9.73
7.91
7.77
8.14
8.02
7.56
8.29
8.09
7.15
6.84
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
87
69
36
18
33
7.89
8.95
8.85
9.40
9.43
8.64
13
16
12
8
9.15
8.78
8.04
7.90
O
(2)
5
6
3 13
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
2
2
2
5
1
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
5
1
1
3
1
1
2
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
3
12
-
-
8
9
20
6
7
15
20
_
23
26
3
29
20
25
-
5
5
5
5
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
24
-
-
-
3
1
1
3
6
-
-
-
-
-
14
16
25
10
13
3
3
8
10
-
8
8
11
-
-
-
2
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
48
54
-
-
10
11
-
-
10
11
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
3
22
6
-
-
3
4
8
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
17
50
7
9
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
“
~
“
_
“
“
38
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
20
25
-
17
(2)
(2)
_
(2)
(2)
33
4
5
12
6
7
15
20
_
_
_
-
6
8
4
4
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
8
9
31
35
_
_
_
3
3
11
10
12
-
8
9
16
17
14
_
_
_
19
20
33
8
3
3
3
11
8
9
19
22
8
9
_
_
_
_
19
20
_
_
_
-
1
15
17
31
36
10
12
15
16
11
12
30
32
11
8
9
12
13
-
-
-
-
_
-
53
-
-
-
-
-
9
12
8
17
15
-
-
DJ
83
-
2
3
1
_
10
12
33
36
13
14
_
7
8
17
19
3
3
11
_
-
8
9
8
9
_
_
_
-
-
_
_
10.00
8
7
8
7
63
68
_
_
_
_
__
_
28
30
9
10
_
43
22
- .
50
-
-
30
_
_
2
_
_
3
3
3
_
_
4
4
9
10
_
_
3
4
6
1
1
1
1
12
12
28
2
10
13
12
14
_
_
_
8
2
_
1
_
_
_
_
4
10
13
24
17
8
_
2
10
13
15
17
38
50
_
_
44
36
6
8
11
12
11
7
5
_
-
26
31
4
4
4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
5
6
15
4
3
_
5
6
8
9
26
21
_
_
6
16
19
3
_
19
15
4
4
6
7
_
_
3
3
-
22
28
_
_
_
5
6
6
11
-
21
-
-
-
-
1
1
3
6
10.50 11.00 11.50
and
11.50 over
11.00
6
5
30
32
_
_
_
46
9
23
20
25
7
6
_
12
10
_
15
14
8
_
25
29
13
15
4
_
38
42
6
5
11
8
_
_
_
_
_
_
14
13
33
50
39
1
1
2
(*)
_
7
_
_
_
_
2
_
26
_
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
10
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
17
1
_
2
10
_
_
3
8
4
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
12
5
_
_
3
2
11
_
_
-
_
23
-
38
_
_
31
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
13
_
13
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
8
5
6
Table 36. Steel foundries: Occupational earnings: Pennsylvania—Continued
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,' October 1986)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Department, occupation, and
method of wage payment
(mean)
of
hourly
workers
Under
earnings
4.25
4.25
4.50
4.75
5.00
5.25
5.50
5.75
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
4.50
4.75
5.00
5.25
5.50
5.75
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
10
31
45
3
3
17
9
10
13
-
-
-
37
44
38
45
33
17
2
2
-
62
68
-
2
2
-
6
6
13
18
3
8
9
-
2
2
-
-
2
2
-
-
-
-
30
33
42
16
18
-
4 25
“
“
10.00
10.50 11.00 11.50
and
over
M a te r ia l m o v e m e n t
Crane operators, electric bridge ....
T im e .............................................
Under 20 tons ................................
T im e ..............................................
20 tons and over ...........................
Laborers, general foundry ..............
T im e .............................................
Power truck operators.....................
T im e .............................................
Forklift .............................................
T im e ..............................................
Other than forklift..........................
Truckdrivers.......................................
54
49
16
11
38
37
34
19
16
13
11
6
6
$8.70
8.42
9.72
8.93
8.28
7.41
7.33
. 9.04
8.84
8.88
8.68
9.39
8.66
12
6.26
-
3
5
6
8
9
3
3
3
-
_
-
3
5
_
_
_
_
47
44
38
36
67
13
_
_
_
_
_
13
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
_
-
_
3
3
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
17
17
17
_
_
_
_
17
-
-
-
-
5
6
8
9
24
27
25
36
24
_
_
_
_
_
6
6
2
6
_
5
8
4
4
C u s t o d ia l
Janitors, porters, and cleaners.....
'
2
3
4
“
25
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Less than 0.5 percent.
Workers were distributed as follows: 2 percent at $3.50 and under $3.75 and 11 percent at $3.75 and under $4.
All workers were at $4 and under $4.25.
“
8
“
8
8
8
8
-
8
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate that no data were re
ported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications not
shown separately.
Tabie 3 /. Aii ferrous foundries: Method of wage payment
(Percent of production workers in establishments by method of wage payment,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986)
Method
United
States
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
Border
States
Great
Lakes
Southeast Southwest
Middle
West
Mountain
Pacific
All workers .....................................
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Time-rated workers3 ...............................
Formal p la n s .....................................
Single r a t e .................................
Range of ra te s .........................
Individual rates .................................
85
81
48
33
4
88
86
11
75
2
81
73
49
24
8
79
75
58
17
4
92
90
37
53
2
85
68
32
37
16
82
81
59
21
1
76
74
37
37
3
100
60
52
7
40
98
92
26
66
6
Incentive w o rk e rs ...................................
Individual piecew ork........................
Group p ie c e w o rk.............................
Individual bonus ..............................
Group b o n u s .....................................
15
7
3
2
2
12
10
2
19
10
2
2
5
21
4
8
2
5
1
15
4
11
18
9
3
3
3
24
10
2
10
2
'
2
3
4
0
(4)
9
8
For definition of method of wage payment, see appendix A.
For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
Includes data for workers on stint work not shown separately.
Less than 0.5 percent,
-
_
2
O
-
-
-
1
-
O
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
vo
Ov
Table 38. All ferrous foundries: Scheduled weekly hours
(Percent of production workers in establishments by scheduled weekly hours,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986)
Weekly hours
All w o rk e rs .........................................................
Under 37.5 hours ....................................................
37.5 hours ................................................................
40 hours ...................................................................
Over 40 and under 45 h o u rs ................................
45 hours or more ....................................................
United
States
New
England
100
4
2
92
1
1
Middle
Atlantic
100
100
_
1
-
-
96
-
Border
States
100
98
4
' Data relate to the predominant schedule for full-time day-shift workers in
each establishment.
2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
3 Less than 0.5 percent.
“
Great
Lakes
100
3
-
100
-
1
100
_
-
-
Southeast Southwest
100
34
3
4
93
-
92
5
1
64
-
2
Middle
West
Mountain
100
4
-
100
-
“
“
100
_
3
-
96
-
Pacific
-
74
-
97
-
26
0
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100.
Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
Table 39. All ferrous foundries: Shift differential provisions
(Percent of production workers by shift differential provisions,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986)
Shift differential
United
States
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
Border
States
Southeast Southwest
Great
Lakes
Middle
West
Mountain
Pacific
Second shift
Workers in establishments with second-shift
pro v is io n s .................................................................
With shift diffe ren tial............................................
Uniform cents per hour ...............................
Under 10 c e n ts .......................................
10 c e n ts ...................................................
12 c e n ts ...................................................
13 c e n ts ...................................................
14 c e n ts ...................................................
15 c e n ts ...................................................
16 c e n ts ...................................................
17 c e n ts ...................................................
18 c e n ts ...................................................
20 c e n ts ...................................................
22 c e n ts ...................................................
24 c e n ts ...................................................
25 c e n ts ...................................................
26 c e n ts ...................................................
27 c e n ts ...................................................
28 c e n ts ...................................................
30 c e n ts ...................................................
35 c e n ts ...................................................
40 c e n ts ...................................................
45 c e n ts ...................................................
46 c e n ts ...................................................
90.8
88.1
73.5
2.7
7.9
1.1
.4
.7
19.2
3.1
1.0
1.0
16.1
1.4
.1
5.9
1.5
.6
.2
4.1
1.1
1.5
1.6
.8
Uniform percentage .....................................
Under 5 p e rc e n t.....................................
5 p e rc e n t.................................................
10 p e rc e n t...............................................
Other formal paid diffe ren tial......................
14.4
.1
14.1
.3
.2
See footnotes at end of table.
79.2
79.2
61.8
1.1
4.9
7.3
2.4
4.5
41.6
-
88.9
87.7
86.3
1.0
4.8
2.2
18.3
1.0
23.0
14.5
1.4
1.0
1.5
5.8
5.6
1.4
17.4
15.8
1.6
-
89.3
87.0
85.2
4.0
10.1
1.0
20.6
18.6
4.8
6.0
2.1
8.6
8.7
.8
-
-
1.4
“
91.9
91.9
91.9
6.6
35.0
8.5
21.5
“
75.5
70.3
69.2
3.2
.3
56.4
3.5
3.9
2.0
-
.4
1.4
17.5
3.3
2.9
1.1
6.9
.8
3.4
”
-
28.4
*
28.4
-
-
1.1
1.1
.4
-
96.7
93.8
65.4
3.1
6.8
.8
.7
1.4
16.6
-
92.5
86.5
86.5
7.1
7.4
5.9
9.0
3.3
41.3
3.9
8.7
-
81.2
81.2
69.6
4.5
21.6
-
78.3
76.1
76.1
28.7
1.4
-
-
17.0
26.7
-
28.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
-
“
-
2.3
11.6
-
11.6
~
”
“
-
Table 39. All ferrous foundries: Shift differential provisions—Continued
(Percent of production workers by shift differential provisions,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986)
Shift differential
United
States
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
Border
States
Southeast Southwest
Great
Lakes
Middle
West
Mountain
Pacific
T h ird s h ift
Workers in establishments with third-shift
p ro v is io n s.................................................................
With shift diffe re n tia l............................................
Uniform cents per hour ..............................
Under 10 c e n ts .......................................
10 c e n ts ...................................................
12 c e n ts ...................................................
14 c e n ts ...................................................
15 c e n ts ...................................................
17 c e n ts ...................................................
18 c e n ts ...................................................
20 c e n ts ...................................................
21 c e n ts ...................................................
22 c e n ts ...................................................
23 c e n ts ...................................................
24 c e n ts ...................................................
25 c e n ts ...................................................
27 c e n ts ...................................................
28 c e n ts ...................................................
29 c e n ts ...................................................
30 c e n ts ...................................................
Over 30 and under 35 c e n ts ...............
35 c e n ts ...................................................
40 c e n ts ...................................................
45 c e n ts ...................................................
46 c e n ts ...................................................
Over 55 c e n ts .........................................
Uniform percentage ....................................
Under 10 p e rc e n t..................................
10 p e rc e n t...............................................
81.2
78.9
64.8
.6
2.8
.9
.3
9.8
.7
.2
16.1
.1
.2
1.3
.3
10.8
2.0
.2
.1
7.3
2.0
3.4
1.5
2.9
.8
.6
14.1
.1
14.0
69.0
69.0
51.6
86.0
83.7
83.7
-
-
4.9
.8
7.8
1.0
.2
22.1
-
7.2
-
-
-
11.2
2.6
18.0
-
1.5
1.4
14.9
4.1
1.5
-
77.9
77.9
77.9
41.8
-
-
-
-
8.2
1.6
2.5
-
20.3
9.5
-
-
78.5
76.2
76.2
1.0
2.3
.6
9.6
1.5
33.4
.8
1.4
2.6
4.5
9.3
-
6.5
_
_
_
“
-
-
17.4
“
_
_
-
-
21.6
_
_
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
8.8
4.0
3.1
-
5.5
28.4
28.4
3.9
8.6
_
7.2
_
2.3
_
2.2
_
11.6
-
11.6
“
2.2
_
_
12.4
_
8.9
_
1.4
35.6
_
-
_
14.9
-
5.2
2.0
5.2
21.8
72.2
72.2
72.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
27.3
-
-
51.1
51.1
39.5
3.0
4.0
3.4
12.3
-
-
-
-
-
_
' Refers to policies of establishments currently operating late shifts or having provisions covering late shifts.
2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
8.5
.8
-
-
84.9
81.3
81.3
3.9
-
-
17.4
-
86.4
83.8
55.3
.9
3.8
1.0
-
4.1
.8
4.3
21.5
8.5
65.9
61.8
61.8
1.7
33.6
.3
1.3
17.7
_
-
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals,
Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
Table 40. All ferrous foundries: Shift differential practices
(Percent of production workers by shift differential practices,' United States and selected regions,2 October 1986)
Shift differential
United
States
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
Border
States
Southeast Southwest
Great
Lakes
Middle
West
Mountain
Pacific
S econd s h ift
W orkers employed on second s h ift.........................
Receiving diffe re n tia l........................................
Uniform cents per hour ..............................
Under 10 c e n ts .......................................
10 c e n ts ...................................................
12 c e n ts ...................................................
13 c e n ts ...................................................
14 c e n ts ...................................................
15 c e n ts ...................................................
16 c e n ts ...................................................
17 c e n ts ...................................................
18 c e n ts ...................................................
20 c e n ts ...................................................
22 c e n ts ...................................................
24 c e n ts ...................................................
25 c e n ts ...................................................
26 c e n ts ...................................................
27 c e n ts ...................................................
28 c e n ts ...................................................
30 c e n ts ...................................................
35 c e n ts ...................................................
40 c e n ts ...................................................
45 c e n ts ...................................................
46 c e n ts ...................................................
20.2
19.7
15.5
.6
1.4
.1
.1
.1
4.1
1.0
.2
.5
2.7
.3
(3)
1.0
.4
.1
O
1.1
.2
.4
.4
.3
Uniform percentage .....................................
5 p e rc e n t.................................................
Other formal paid differential......................
4.2
4.2
T h ird s h ift
W orkers employed on third s h ift..............................
Receiving diffe re n tia l........................................
Uniform cents per hour ...............................
Under 15 c e n ts .......................................
15 c e n ts ...................................................
17 c e n ts ...................................................
18 c e n ts ...................................................
20 c e n ts ...................................................
21 c e n ts ...................................................
22 c e n ts ...................................................
23 c e n ts ...................................................
24 c e n ts ...................................................
25 c e n ts ...................................................
27 c e n ts ...................................................
28 c e n ts ...................................................
29 c e n ts ...................................................
30 c e n ts ...................................................
Over 30 and under 35 cents ...............
35 c e n ts ...................................................
S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f table.
O
11.8
11.5
8.9
.2
1.6
(3)
(3)
2.8
(3)
(3)
.1
.1
1.2
.1
.1
(3)
1.0
.2
.8
13.7
13.5
13.5
15.2
15.2
11.4
-
.1
-
.2
-
.4
_
_
3.8
.1
.2
-
3.6
-
21.8
21.8
21.8
2.2
_
1.2
-
1.8
0
.3
10.4
-
.1
1.3
1.4
-
1.7
-
_
8.6
3.8
3.8
-
8.6
8.6
6.8
-
-
-
.4
-
-
“
23.1
22.3
22.3
.8
1.5
.1
4.8
6.3
1.3
2.8
.7
1.8
1.9
.2
-
-
10.2
10.0
10.0
.2
.7
(3)
2.1
.1
.8
2.1
.2
.5
2.7
.4
-
.1
1.7
1.7
1.7
9.5
9.0
9.0
.6
1.3
-
-
5.4
.2
(3)
.3
-
-
14.5
.1
-
-
-
.6
.9
.2
1.9
.1
-
.9
_
_
.8
8.6
8.6
-
-
15.7
15.3
9.9
.2
1.0
.1
13.9
13.8
13.8
-
11.2
-
-
-
-
.2
10.1
.7
.4
-
4.3
_
-
(3)
1.7
.2
1.0
~
4.9
.6
8.1
-
.
-
3.9
3.9
3.9
5.2
5.2
5.2
-
-
.8
.4
5.2
1.0
-
3.3
-
-
4.9
4.5
4.5
.6
6.7
-
1.9
1.9
-
1.1
.4
1.4
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
15.5
15.5
15.5
.3
.6
-
1.4
1.3
14.6
14.6
12.7
-
.2
.1
3.4
(3)
-
-
13.3
12.3
12.3
-
1.3
.1
.7
22.6
22.0
13.4
.9
1.2
.2
.2
.3
3.1
_
3.1
.7
-
.2
.2
-
-
-
(3)
-
-
16.9
16.6
16.6
.3
-
1.9
.6
(3)
Table 40. All ferrous foundries: Shift differential practices—Continued
(Percent of production workers by shift differential practices,1 United States and selected regions,2 October 1986)
Shift differential
Uniform cents per hour
40 c e n ts ...................................................
45 c e n ts ...................................................
46 c e n ts ...................................................
Over 55 c e n ts .........................................
United
States
0.2
.4
.1
New
England
6.4
-
Border
States
Southeast Southwest
Great
Lakes
Middle
West
Mountain
Pacific
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.1
-
(3)
-
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.6
2.6
Uniform p e rc e n ta g e .....................................
10 p e rc e n t...............................................
Middle
Atlantic
-
—
“
0.9
-
-
—
—
5.4
5.4
0.2
"
1 Refers to policies of establishments currently operating late shifts.
2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
3 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
Table 41. All ferrous foundries: Paid holidays
(Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States and selected regions,1 October 1986)
Number of
paid holidays
United
States
All w o rk e rs .........................................................
100
W orkers in establishments providing paid
h o lid a y s .....................................................................
Under 5 d a y s ........................................................
5 days .....................................................................
6 days plus 0 or 1 half d a y ................................
7 days plus 0 or 1 half d a y ................................
8 days .....................................................................
9 days plus 0 or 1 half d a y ...............................
10 days ..................................................................
11 days ..................................................................
12 days ..................................................................
13 days ...................................................................
14 days ...................................................................
Over 14 d a y s ........................................................
99
1
1
3
2
5
13
20
25
7
5
15
2
New
England
100
56
21
9
2
Southeast Southwest
100
100
100
99
99
2
2
4
1
8
9
17
47
7
100
3
3
7
4
13
39
18
2
8
1
-
3
1
-
“
100
-
2
7
Border
States
100
100
-
1 For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
2 Less than 0.5 percent.
!
Middle
Atlantic
3
(1
2)
1
24
30
33
4
1
1
1
21
75
“
-
-
Great
Lakes
Middle
West
100
100
100
1
1
2
2
9
12
18
9
9
32
4
Mountain
100
97
-
3
4
6
26
2
18
22
12
8
1
8
5
37
21
14
3
100
92
-
-
Pacific
~
100
9
4
8
20
48
11
-
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100.
Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
Table 42. All ferrous foundries: Paid vacations
(Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and selected regions,'
October 1986)
V acation policy
A ll w o r k e r s ..............................................................
N ew
E ngland
U nited
S tate s
M iddle
A tla n tic
B ord er
S tate s
S o uth east S o u th w e st
G re at
Lakes
M iddle
W est
M ountain
Pacific
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
79
21
100
86
14
100
78
22
100
100
100
90
10
97
43
54
100
76
24
100
54
46
92
92
100
100
“
11
24
1
30
50
21
3
16
7
2
2
36
3
4
42
1
22
-
Method of payment
W o rke rs in establishm ents providing paid
v a c a tio n s ........................................................................
L e ngth -of-tim e p a y m e n t.........................................
P erce ntag e paym ent ...............................................
-
Amount of vacation pay;
A fte r 6 m onths o f service:
U nde r 1 w eek ............................................................
1 w e e k .........................................................................
O ve r 1 and under 2 w e e k s ....................................
2 w eeks .......................................................................
O ve r 2 w e e k s ............................................................
A fte r 1 year o f service:
U nde r 1 w eek ............................................................
1 w e e k .........................................................................
O ve r 1 and under 2 w e e k s ....................................
2 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ve r 2 w e e k s ............................................................
A fte r 2 years o f service:
1 w e e k or le s s ...........................................................
O ve r 1 and under 2 w e e k s ....................................
2 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ve r 2 w e e k s ............................................................
A fte r 3 years o f service:
1 w e e k or le s s ...........................................................
O ve r 1 and under 2 w e e k s ....................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
O ve r 2 and un der 3 w e e k s ....................................
O ve r 3 w eeks ............................................................
A fte r 5 years o f service:
1 w e e k or le s s ...........................................................
O ve r 1 and under 2 w e e k s ....................................
2 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ve r 2 and under 3 w e e k s ....................................
3 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ve r 3 w e e k s ............................................................
A fte r 8 years o f service:
U nde r 2 w e e k s ..........................................................
2 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ....................................
3 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ve r 3 w e e k s ............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
(3)
1
1
62
12
22
1
40
12
46
2
10
8
60
21
1
2
2
55
17
23
1
2
34
20
40
2
-
-
-
47
8
45
-
-
5
13
77
5
-
28
11
52
9
-
1
48
11
40
38
15
44
3
3
85
4
5
2
90
10
-
72
16
10
2
-
-
80
14
1
28
26
46
8
-
2
1
71
20
4
2
2
58
18
17
5
49
6
43
2
30
70
2
22
5
68
4
90
9
-
-
-
-
-
15
7
79
2
36
37
24
10
35
52
-
7
1
50
36
3
77
17
2
-
-
-
2
49
36
10
4
83
7
10
“
-
7
41
37
12
3
50
24
23
“
2
49
12
34
2
32
10
55
4
3
6
52
37
2
1
2
41
15
39
2
2
22
17
56
4
5
-
-
77
21
-
48
15
29
55
29
16
-
66
34
-
29
15
48
-
23
10
51
16
13
-
-
-
33
4
63
-
3
-
8
84
9
74
15
-
-
12
10
52
21
4
-
-
27
36
29
13
28
33
25
”
29
-
79
9
13
-
-
15
15
59
3
53
27
19
2
Table 42. All ferrous foundries: Paid vacations—Continued
(Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and selected regions,'
October 1986)
V acatio n policy
United
S tates
N ew
E ngland
M iddle
A tlantic
B order
S tates
2
8
6
56
22
6
-
-
-
1
6
5
55
26
6
-
1
4
1
34
12
40
4
3
-
S outh east S ou th w e st
G re at
Lakes
M iddle
W est
M ountain
Pacific
_
_
A m o u n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 2— C o n tin u e d
A fte r 10 yea rs o f service:
U nde r 2 w e e k s ..........................................................
2 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ve r 2 and un der 3 w e e k s ...................................
3 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ve r 3 and un der 4 w e e k s ...................................
4 w e e ks o r m o r e ......................................................
A fte r 12 yea rs o f service:
U nder 2 w e e k s ..........................................................
2 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ver 2 and un der 3 w e e k s ...................................
3 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ver 3 and un der 4 w e e k s ...................................
4 w e e ks o r m o r e ......................................................
A fte r 15 years o f service:
U nder 2 w e e k s ..........................................................
2 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ver 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ...................................
3 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ver 3 and under 4 w e e k s ...................................
4 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ver 4 and under 5 w e e k s ...................................
5 w e e ks o r m o r e ......................................................
A fte r 20 yea rs o f service:
U nde r 3 w e e k s ..........................................................
3 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ver 3 and un der 4 w e e k s ...................................
4 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ver 4 and un der 5 w e e k s ...................................
5 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ver 5 w e e ks ............................................................
A fte r 25 yea rs o f service:"
U nde r 3 w e e k s ..........................................................
3 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ver 3 and un der 4 w e e k s ...................................
4 w e e ks .......................................................................
O ve r 4 and un der 5 w e e k s ...................................
5 w e e k s .......................................................................
O ve r 5 and un der 6 w e e k s ...................................
6 w e e ks o r m o r e ......................................................
6
16
69
6
2
4
10
69
13
5
-
37
18
43
-
5
-
91
7
-
7
8
3
' For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
2 Vacation payments, such as percent of annual earnings, were converted
to an equivalent time basis. Periods of service were chosen arbitrarily and do
not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For
example, changes indicated at 8 years may include changes that occurred be
tween 5 and 8 years.
1
4
-
14
7
78
44
22
29
-
-
-
-
5
18
4
50
2
21
81
9
9
-
-
1
1
21
7
70
-
-
6
12
0
16
16
66
-
-
5
16
3
27
2
30
33
11
26
10
6
0
68
4
7
-
1
1
6
18
34
33
3
3
-
-
12
-
2
(3)
1
1
3
4
43
39
10
-
1
10
1
77
10
-
0
14
2
54
10
11
8
6
18
35
36
(3)
2
(3)
7
3
20
5
56
6
1
28
5
38
-
-
1
12
3
70
11
3
84
7
-
55
12
19
12
-
-
2
-
-
3
9
2
82
3
10
3
1
74
18
4
1
5
10
2
44
7
25
6
9
4
2
72
18
4
18
16
13
_
66
3
-
-
11
11
16
40
22
3
5
3
32
8
38
11
3
5
1
21
3
49
10
8
_
71
18
11
7
9
40
29
3
-
11
5
_
-
_
_
_
14
_
49
22
18
85
_
2
_
3
9
_
17
46
7
36
2
_
53
15
3
-
17
8
_
72
2
3
_
36
20
18
9
27
_
_
_
3
3
40
43
10
2
2
21
11
51
5
7
3
-
3
4
9
19
1
50
_
41
21
14
45
15
22
3
-
17
8
_
9
4
21
-
3
4
9
14
_
22
21
19
_
45
43
7
28
_
22
15
_
3
-
3 Less than 0.5 percent.
provisions were virtually the same after longer periods of serv
ice.
4 Vacation
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
Table 43. All ferrous foundries: Health, insurance, and retirement plans
(P ercent o f production w orkers in e sta blishm e nts w ith s p e cifie d health, insurance, and re tire m e n t plans,' U nited S ta te s and se le cte d regions,^ O c to b e r 1986)
Type o f plan
All w o r k e r s ..............................................................
W orke rs in esta blishm e nts providing:
Life in s u ra n c e ............................................................
N onco ntrib utory p la n s ....................................
A ccid e n ta l death and dism em berm ent
in s u ra n c e .................................................................
N onco ntrib utory p la n s .....................................
S ickness and accide nt insurance or sick leave
or bo th ‘ ....................................................................
S ickness and accide nt insurance ...............
N onco ntrib utory p la n s ..............................
Sick leave (fuil pay, no w aiting period) ....
S ick leave (partial pay or waiting pe riod) ..
Lo ng-term disability in s u ra n c e ..............................
N onco ntrib utory p la n s ....................................
H ospita lization insurance .......................................
N onco ntrib utory p la n s ..............................
C overing em ployees o n ly ..............................
N onco ntrib utory p la n s ..............................
C overing em ployees and their
d e pend ents ....................................................
N onco ntrib utory p la n s ..............................
N onco ntrib utory fo r em ployees:
con tributory fo r the ir d e p e n d e n ts ......
Surgical in s u ra n c e ....................................................
N onco ntrib utory p la n s ..............................
C overing em ployees o n ly ..............................
N onco ntrib utory p la n s ..............................
C overing em ployees and their
de pe n d e n ts ....................................................
N onco ntrib utory p la n s ..............................
N onco ntrib utory fo r em ployees;
con tributory fo r their d e p e n d e n ts ......
See fo o tn o te s at end of table.
U nited
S tate s
New
E ngland
M iddle
A tlantic
B order
S tates
S outh east S outh w est
G reat
Lakes
M iddle
W est
M o unta in
Pacific
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
93
100
93
99
98
100
100
100
85
95
91
100
94
100
85
99
80
99
97
95
88
83
76
91
90
95
95
96
83
88
86
95
89
100
85
96
77
99
97
85
83
77
6
1
26
23
96
77
1
1
95
95
71
18
93
92
92
7
99
94
94
69
67
56
4
41
39
36
2
98
97
91
3
1
42
38
100
87
1
1
96
93
70
3
7
8
3
96
54
86
47
46
28
12
26
26
81
36
1
1
55
55
53
27
-
5
37
37
93
93
-
40
40
100
46
-
-
10
8
93
79
4
4
-
-
-
5
5
67
63
7
1
100
70
3
3
-
_
_
_
7
7
96
63
_
_
95
62
100
37
89
72
93
72
97
41
67
43
99
78
96
40
80
25
96
38
14
96
77
1
1
9
100
46
3
93
80
4
4
20
93
93
26
100
70
3
3
20
67
63
9
100
14
96
54
10
81
36
1
1
25
96
63
-
-
-
87
1
1
-
_
_
_
95
62
100
21
89
73
93
72
97
41
67
43
99
78
96
40
80
25
96
38
14
25
3
20
26
20
9
14
10
25
Table 43. All ferrous foundries: Health, insurance, and retirement plans—Continued
(Percent of production workers in establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,1 United States and selected regions/ October 1986)
T yp e of plan
o
4^
W o rke rs in esta b lish m e n ts providing:
M e dical in s u r a n c e ....................................................
N o n co n trib u to ry p la n s ..............................
C overing em ployee s o n ly ..............................
N o n co n trib u to ry p la n s ..............................
C overing em ployee s and their
de p e n d e n ts ....................................................
N o n co n trib u to ry p la n s ..............................
N o n co n trib u to ry fo r em ployees;
co n trib u to ry fo r the ir d e p e n d e n ts .....
M a jo r m e dical in s u ra n c e ........................................
N o n co n trib u to ry p la n s ..............................
C overing em ployee s o n ly ..............................
N o n co n trib u to ry p la n s ..............................
C overing em ployee s and their
d e p e n d e n ts ....................................................
N o n co n trib u to ry p la n s ..............................
N o n co n trib u to ry fo r em ployees;
co n trib u to ry fo r the ir d e p e n d e n ts ......
D ental in s u r a n c e ......................................................
N o n co n trib u to ry p la n s ....................................
R e tire m e n t plan s4 .....................................................
P e n s io n s .............................................................
N o n co n trib u to ry p la n s ..............................
S e verance pay ..................................................
U nited
S tate s
96
77
1
1
New
England
M iddle
A tla n tic
100
46
-
B order
S tates
93
79
4
S outh east S outh w est
93
93
-
4
100
70
3
3
67
63
-
G reat
Lakes
100
87
1
1
M iddle
W est
96
54
-
M o unta in
81
36
1
1
P acific
96
63
-
95
62
100
37
89
72
93
72
97
41
67
43
99
78
96
40
80
25
96
38
14
80
61
2
1
9
100
46
3
95
82
4
4
20
93
93
26
100
70
4
3
20
67
63
9
66
53
1
1
14
96
54
10
81
36
1
1
25
96
63
-
-
-
-
-
79
46
100
37
91
75
93
72
96
41
67
43
65
44
96
40
80
25
96
38
14
59
49
88
86
80
9
53
53
89
87
44
3
36
20
35
77
96
96
96
20
12
10
57
56
9
71
59
14
54
36
85
85
72
10
50
25
85
85
85
25
77
54
89
89
83
11
2
89
86
81
19
26
49
38
89
88
87
9
1
37
' Includes those plans for which the employer pays at least part of the
cost and excludes legally required plans such as workers' compensation and
Social Security; however, plans required by State temporary disability insur
ance laws are included if the employer contributes more than is legally re
quired or employees receive benefits over legal requirements. “ Noncontribu
tory plans” include only those plans financed entirely by the employer.
2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
77
3
and
4
pay
51
92
88
83
13
”
3
Unduplicated total of workers receiving sickness and accident insurance
sick leave shown separately.
Unduplicated total of workers covered by pension plans and severance
shown separately.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
Table 44. All ferrous foundries: Other selected benefits
(Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for selected benefits,1 United States, selected regions,2 October 1986)
Benefit
United
States
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
Supplemental unemployment benefits..................
23
-
Vacation bonus plans.............................................
Based on time off ................................................
Fixed flat sum .......................................................
Flat sum varies with length of
vacation..........................................................
Percent of vacation p a y .......................................
O ther.....................................................................
12
1
4
-
Clothing or monetary allowance ............................
Clothing.................................................................
Combination ..........................................................
50
48
2
68
30
37
61
59
2
Daily reporting pay..................................................
Call-in or callback pay............................................
Earnings protection plan........................................
Guaranteed weekly wage or weekly hours ...........
74
60
10
15
67
75
6
79
69
16
12
Cost-of-living adjustments......................................
Based on BLS C P I...............................................
Other basis............................................................
25
25
18
18
17
17
2
1
4
3
3
-
(3)
' For definition of items, see appendix A.
2 For definition of regions, see footnote 1, table A-1, appendix A.
3 Less than 0.5 percent.
“
Southeast Southwest
7
-
24
1
9
-
11
_
_
_
-
3
-
-
-
-
Border
States
7
-
44
4
-
15
1
5
2
2
8
8
15
15
-
83
83
21
9
11
11
“
5
5
-
66
41
12
-
Middle
West
8
7
Great
Lakes
50
72
7
5
5
Mountain
15
17
8
1
1
7
9
9
5
77
76
1
19
19
-
30
31
-
Pacific
-
2
-
—
2
18
12
-
48
48
10
10
54
51
7
36
66
63
4
-
-
80
58
10
28
83
83
2
42
42
14
14
38
13
26
~
1
1
“
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
Appendix A. Scope and
Method of Survey
the study are intended as a general guide to the size and com
position of the industry’s labor force, rather than as precise
measures of employment.
Scope of survey
The survey included establishments engaged primarily in
manufacturing iron and steel castings (industry group 332
as defined in the 1972 edition of the Standard Industrial Clas
sification Manual prepared by the U.S. Office of Manage
ment and Budget). Separate auxiliary units such as central
offices were excluded.
Establishments studied were selected from those employ
ing 20 workers or more at the time of reference of the data
used in compiling the universe lists. Table A-l shows the
number of establishments and workers estimated to be with
in the scope of the survey, as well as the number actually
studied by the Bureau.
Production workers
The terms “ production workers” and “ production and
related workers,” used interchangeably in this bulletin, in
clude working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers
engaged in nonoffice activities. Administrative, executive,
professional, and technical personnel, and force-account con
struction employees, who are used as a separate work force
on the firm’s own properties, are excluded.
Occupational classification
Products
Occupational classification was based on a uniform set of
job descriptions designed to take account of interestablish
ment and interarea variations in duties within the same job.
(See appendix B for these descriptions.) The criteria for selec
tion of the occupations were: The number of workers in the
occupation; the usefulness of the data in collective bargain
ing; and appropriate representation of the entire job scale
in the industry. Working supervisors, apprentices, learners,
beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary,
and probationary workers were not reported in the data for
selected occupations but were included in the data for all
production workers.
Classification of establishments by product was based on
the principal type of casting manufactured. For example, if
60 percent of the total value of an establishment’s produc
tion was malleable iron castings, and 40 percent was steel
castings, all workers in that establishment were considered
as producing malleable iron castings.
Method of study
Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s field
representatives to a probability-based sample of establish
ments within the scope of the survey. To obtain appropriate
accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than
of smaller establishments was studied. In combining the data,
each establishment was given an appropriate weight. All
estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all estab
lishments in the industry, excluding only those below the
minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data.
Wage data
Information on wages relates to straight-time hourly earn
ings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on
weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive payments, such
as those resulting from piecework or production bonus sys
tems, and cost-of-living pay increases (but not bonuses) were
included as part of the workers’ regular pay. Excluded are
performance bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type
negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as
profit-sharing arrangements, attendance bonuses, Christmas,
or yearend bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses.
Average (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each occu
pation or category of workers, such as production workers,
were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings)
by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling, and
dividing by the number of individuals. The hourly earnings
Establishment definition
An establishment is defined for this study as a single phys
ical location where industrial operations are performed. An
establishment is not necessarily identical with a company,
which may consist of one establishment or more.
Employment
Estimates of the number of workers within the scope of
106
Table A-1. Estimated number of establishments and employees within scope of study and number studied, iron and steel
foundries, October 1986
Number of establishments2
Region,1 State, and area
Within scope of
study
Workers in establishments
Within scope of study
Actually studied3
Actually studied
Total4
Production workers
All iron and steel foundries
United States...................................................................
New England..................................................................
Middle Atlantic................................................................
Border States .................................................................
Southeast........................................................................
Southwest .......................................................................
Great Lakes....................................................................
Middle West....................................................................
Mountain .........................................................................
Pacific.............................................................................
654
35
93
22
78
59
258
36
16
57
316
27
61
12
44
31
70
28
14
29
108,580
3,341
10,930
3,581
17,591
7,616
51,390
3,782
1,306
9,043
84,097
2,764
8,514
2,994
13,975
5,752
39,667
2,927
1,055
6,449
78,038
2,977
9,007
2,593
15,124
5,776
31,572
3,465
1,235
6,289
387
21
53
42
9
20
45
32
164
35
21
9
22
10
154
15
30
22
7
10
20
17
30
12
15
7
10
8
53,984
1,141
4,461
3,769
984
3,476
7,324
2,113
31,835
11,458
1,846
418
1,370
881
42,520
888
3,558
3,029
807
2,911
5,944
1,620
24,670
9,682
1,457
324
1,148
776
34,367
962
2,962
2,451
902
2,488
5,463
1,360
18,341
9,399
1,567
347
877
778
34
7
10
7
5
5
29
7
10
7
5
4
15,426
2,120
7,616
6,012
5,366
830
12,012
1,619
5,977
4,621
4,090
697
14,673
2,120
7,616
6,012
5,366
735
29
3
19
18
3
9
9,545
292
7,665
7,586
230
6,060
6,410
292
4,634
204
11
30
23
20
19
73
18
13
6
30
10
115
9
21
15
12
10
29
10
11
6
15
7
29,625
1,908
3,445
2,586
2,097
1,342
11,757
4,085
1,470
658
6,843
2,006
21,979
1,646
2,604
1,958
1,586
912
8,832
3,248
1,139
573
4,604
1,556
22,588
1,723
3,021
2,257
1,595
913
8,464
3,232
1,432
658
4,677
1,187
Gray iron foundries, except pipe and fittings
United States...................................................................
New England..................................................................
Middle Atlantic................................................................
Pennsylvania .................................................................
Pittsburgh5 ....................................................................
Border States .................................................................
Southeast........................................................................
Southwest .......................................................................
Great Lakes....................................................................
Ohio...............................................................................
Middle W est....................................................................
Mountain .........................................................................
Pacific.............................................................................
Los Angeles6 ................................................................
Gray iron pipe and fittings foundries
United States7 ..................................................................
Middle Atlantic................................................................
Southeast........................................................................
Alabama........................................................................
Birmingham8 .................................................................
Pacific.............................................................................
Malleable iron foundries
United States7 ..................................................................
New England..................................................................
Great Lakes....................................................................
Steel foundries
United States9 ..................................................................
New England..................................................................
Middle Atlantic................................................................
Pennsylvania .................................................................
Southeast........................................................................
Southwest .......................................................................
Great Lakes....................................................................
Ohio...............................................................................
Middle W est....................................................................
Mountain .........................................................................
Pacific...........................................................................
Los Angeles6 ................................................................
' The regions used in this study include New England—Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Mid
dle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Border States—
Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia and West Vir
ginia; Southeast—Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, and Tennessee; Southwest—Arkansas, Louisiana, Okla
homa, and Texas; Great Lakes—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota,
Ohio, and Wisconsin; Middle West—Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska,
North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain States—Arizona, Colorado,
Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific—California, Ne
vada, Oregon, and Washington. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in
the study.
2 Includes only those establishments with 20 workers or more at the
time of reference of the universe data.
3 Data relate to total employment in establishments actually visited.
4 Includes executive, professional, office, and other workers in addition
to the production worker category shown separately.
5 The Pittsburgh metropolitan area consists of Allegheny, Fayette,
Washington, and Westmoreland Counties, PA.
6 The Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area consists of Los An
geles County, CA.
7 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
8 The Birmingham metropolitan area consists of Blount, Jefferson, St.
Clair, Shelby, and Walker Counties, AL.
9 Includes data for the Border States in addition to those regions
shown separately.
107
of salaried workers were obtained by dividing straight-time
salary by normal (or standard) hours to which the salary
corresponds.
The median designates position; that is, one-half of the em
ployees surveyed received the same as or more than this rate,
and one-half received the same as or less. The middle range
is defined by two rates of pay such that one-fourth of the em
ployees earned the same or less than the lower of these rates
and one-fourth earned the same or more than the higher rate.
Scheduled weekly hours
Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work sched
ule for full-time production workers employed on the day shift.
Shift provisions and practices
Shift provisions relate to the policies of establishments either
currently operating late shifts or having formal provisions cover
ing late-shift work. Practices relate to workers employed on
late shifts at the time of the survey.
Labor-management agreements
Establishment practices and employee benefits
Separate wage data are presented, where possible, for
establishments that had (1) a majority of the production
workers covered by labor-management contracts, and (2)
none or a minority of the production workers covered by
labor-management contracts.
Supplementary benefits in an establishment were con
sidered applicable to all production workers if they applied to
half or more of such workers in the establishment. Similarly,
if fewer than half of the workers were covered, the benefit was
considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of lengthof-service and other eligibility requirements, the proportion of
workers receiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated.
Type of foundry
Commercial foundries are those producing castings for sale
to other firms on a job or order basis. Captive foundries are
those primarily producing castings for incorporation into the
final products of a parent company.
Paid holidays. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day and
half-day holidays provided annually.
Paid vacations. The summary of vacation plans is limited to
formal arrangements and exclude informal plans whereby time
off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer or
supervisor. Payments not on a time basis were converted; for
example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was con
sidered the equivalent of 1 week’s pay. The periods of service
for which data are presented represent the most common prac
tices, but they do not necessarily reflect individual establish
ment provisions for progression. For example, changes in
proportions indicated at 10 years of service may include changes
which occurred between 8 and 10 years.
Method of wage payment
Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the num
ber of workers paid under the various time and incentive
wage systems. Formal rate structures for time-rated workers
provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job
categories. In the absence of a formal rate structure, pay rates
are determined primarily by the qualifications of the individ
ual worker. A single-rate structure is one in which the same
rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job clas
sification. Learners, apprentices, or probationary workers
may be paid according to rate schedules which start below
the single rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job
rate over a period of time. An experienced worker occasion
ally may be paid above or below the single rate for special
reasons, but such payments are exceptions. Range-of-rate
plans are those in which the minimum, maximum, or both
of these rates paid experienced workers for the same job are
specified. Specific rates of individual workers within the
range may be determined by merit, length of service, or a
combination of these. Incentive workers are classified
under piecework or bonus plans. Piecework is work for
which a predetermined rate is paid for each unit of output.
Production bonuses are for production in excess of a quota
or for completion of a task in less than standard time.
“ Stint work” or “ task work” is a method of wage pay
ment v/hich provides a fixed daily rate for a predetermined
amount of work, regardless of the time required to complete
the job. Stint workers were classified as time workers in the
earnings tabulations by method of wage payment; their hourly
earnings were calculated by dividing their daily rates by daily
hours scheduled for the task, rather than the actual hours
worked.
Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Data are presented for
health, insurance, pension, and retirement severance plans for
which the employer pays all or a part of the cost, excluding
programs required by law such as workers’ compensation and
Social Security.1 Among plans included are those underwritten
by a commercial insurance company and those paid directly by
the employer from current operating hinds or from a fund set
aside for this purpose.
1
Temporary disability insurance which provides benefits to covered work
ers disabled by injury or illness which is not work-connected is mandatory
under State laws in California, N ew Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island.
Establishment plans which meet only the legal requirements are excluded
from these data, but those under which (1) employers contribute more than
is legally required, or (2) benefits exceed those specified in the State law
are included. In Rhode Island, benefits are paid out o f a State fund to which
only employees contribute. In each o f the other three States, benefits are
paid either from a State fund or through a private plan.
State fund financing: In California, only employees contribute to the State
fund; in N ew Jersey, em ployees and employers contribute; in New York,
employees contribute up to a specified maximum and employers pay the
difference between the employees’ share and the total contribution required.
Private plan financing: In California and New Jersey, employees cannot
be required to contribute more than they would if they were covered by
the State fund; in N ew York, employees can agree to contribute more if
the State rules that the additional contribution is commensurate with the
benefit provided.
108
ance pay and pensions were included in data for each, but
establisments having optional plans providing employees
a choice of either retirement severance payments or pensions
were considered as having only retirement pension benefits.
Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sick
ness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance
under which predetermined cash payments are made directly
to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or
accident disability.
Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal
plans2 which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker’s
pay during absence from work because of illness; informal
arrangements have been omitted. Separate tabulations are
provided for (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting
period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting
period.
Long-term disability insurance plans provide payments to to
tally disabled employees upon the expiration of sick leave, sick
ness and accident insurance, or both, or after a specified period
of disability (typically 6 months). Payments are made until the
end of disability, a maximum age, or eligibility for retirement
benefits. Payments may be full or partial, but are almost al
ways reduced by Social Security, workers’ compensation, and
private pension benefits payable to the disabled employee.
Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or
partial payment of doctors’ fees. Such plans may be under
written by a commercial insurance company or a nonprofit or
ganization, or they may be a form of self-insurance.
Major medical insurance includes plans designed to cover
employees for services which go beyond those covered under
hospitalization, medical, and surgical insurance. Major medi
cal plans typically have deductibles and require copayments,
and frequently have maximum benefits. Comprehensive plans,
which cover all expenses with neither deductibles nor copay
ments, are not considered as including major medical insurance.
Dental insurance, for purposes of this survey, covers rou
tine dental work such as fillings, extractions, and X-rays. Ex
cluded are plans which cover only oral surgery or accidental
injury.
Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to plans which
provide regular payments for the remainder of the retiree’s life.
Data are presented separately for retirement severance pay (one
payment or several over a specified period of time) made to
employees on retirement. Establishments providing both sever
Cost-of-living adjustments. Data relate to formal plans for ad
justments to wages in keeping with changes in the bls Con
sumer Price Index or some other measure.
Supplemental unemployment benefits. Data relate to formal
plans designed to supplement benefits paid under State unem
ployment insurance systems.
Earnings protection plans. Data relate to plans which protect
the level of earnings for workers assigned to lower paying jobs
due to technological changes. Typical plans increase average
earnings in a quarter to a specified percentage of a worker’s
average earnings during a base period preceding each quarter.
Guaranteed weekly wage or weekly hours. Data relate to for
mal plans which guarantee an established weekly wage or a
specified number of hours per week to an employee who is
called to work on the first day of the workweek.
Call-in or callback pay. Data relate to plans which guarantee
an amount to an employee recalled to work after completing
a regular work shift.
Daily reporting pay. Data relate to formal plans which guarantee
a daily minimum wage to an employee who reports to work
as scheduled but finds no work available or less work than can
be done in a guaranteed period (e.g., 4 hours).
Vacation bonuses. Data relate to formal plans that grant bonuses
or extra pay in addition to regular vacation pay. Excluded were
plans that provided only seasonal bonuses with no bonus to
workers who take time off during a popular period (e.g.,
summer).
2 An establishment is considered as having a formal plan if it specifies at
least the minimum number of days of sick leave available to each employee.
Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances determined
on an individual basis are excluded.
109
Clothing allowance. Data on clothing allowances relate to es
tablishment provisions for protective garments such as aprons,
smocks, and overalls, including boots and gloves, or mone
tary allowances in lieu of such provisions, or both.
Appendix B. Occupational
Descriptions
through a form al apprenticeship or eq uivalent training and
The prim ary purpose o f preparing jo b descriptions for the
exp erien ce.
B ureau’s w age surveys is to assist its field representatives in
classifying into appropriate occupations workers w ho are em
Maintenance electrician
p loyed under a variety o f payroll titles and d ifferent w ork
arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from
(615: E lectrical and electro n ic equipm ent repairer)
(6432: E lectrician)
area to area. This perm its the grouping o f occupational w age
rates representing com parable jo b content. B ecau se o f this
em phasis on interestablishm ent and interarea com parability
Perform s a variety o f electrical trade functions such as the
o f occupational content, the B ureau’s jo b descrip tions m ay
in stallation, m ainten an ce, or repair o f equipm ent for the
d iffer sign ifican tly from those in u se in individual estab lish
generation, distribution, or utilization o f electric energy in
m ents or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these
an establishm ent. W ork in v o lv es most of the following: In
stalling or repairing any o f a variety o f electrical equipm ent
jo b d escrip tions, the B ureau’s field representatives are in
structed to exclu de w orking su pervisors, apprentices, learn
such as generators, transform ers, sw itchboards, controllers,
ers, begin ners, train ees, and part-tim e, tem porary, and
circuit breakers, m otors, heating units, conduit system s, or
probationary w orkers.
other transm ission equipm ent; w ork in g from blueprints,
T he titles and 2 -, 3- or 4-d ig it co d es b elo w the su rvey jo b
d raw in gs, layou ts, or other sp ecification s; locating and
titles in this appendix are taken from the 1980 edition o f the
d iagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipm ent;
issued
w orking standard com putations relating to load requirem ents
by the U .S . D epartm ent o f C om m erce, O ffice o f F ederal
o f w iring or electrical equipm ent; and using a variety o f elec
Standard Occupational Classification Manual (SOC),
trician ’s handtools and m easuring and testing instrum ents.
Statistical P o licy and Standards.
In gen eral, the w ork o f the m aintenance electrician requires
In general, the Bureau o f Labor S tatistics’ occupational
descriptions are m uch m ore sp ecific than th ose found in the
rounded training and ex p erien ce usually acquired through
SOC m anual.
a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
For exam p le, o n e
SOC cla ssifica tio n (754)
in
clud es eight o f the jo b s u sed in this su rvey o f iron and steel
foundries. T herefore, in com paring the results o f this sur
v ey w ith other sou rces, d ifferen ces in occup ational d efin i
Maintenance trades helper
(863: H elper; m ech an ic, and repairer)
tions should b e taken into consideration.
A ssists o n e or m ore w ork ers in the sk illed m aintenance
trades by perform ing sp ecific or general duties o f lesser skill,
such as keep in g a w orker supplied w ith m aterials and tools;
Maintenance
clean in g w ork in g areas, m ach in es, and equipm ent; assist
Maintenance carpenter
(6422: Carpenter)
ing journeym an by h olding m aterials or tools; and perform
P erform s the carpentry duties n ecessary to construct and
o f w ork the h elper is perm itted to perform varies from trade
m aintain in g ood repair building w o o d w o rk and equipm ent
to trade. In so m e trades, the h elper is con fin ed to supply
ing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeym an. The kind
such as b ins, crib s, cou nters, b en ch es, partitions, d oors,
in g, liftin g , and holding m aterials and to o ls, and cleaning
floors, stairs, casin g s, and trim m ade o f w ood in an estab
w ork in g areas; and in others, he is perm itted to perform
lishm ent. W ork in v o lv es
most of the following: Planning
and
sp ecia lized m achine op eration s, or parts o f a trade that are
laying out o f w ork from blueprints, draw in gs, m o d els, or
also p erform ed by w ork ers on a fu ll-tim e basis.
verbal instructions; using a variety o f carpenter’s handtools,
portable pow er to o ls, and standard m easuring instrum ents;
m aking standard shop com putations relating to d im ensions
Maintenance machinist
(613: Industrial m achinery repairer)
o f work; and selectin g m aterials n ecessary for the w ork. In
(6183: M achinist)
general, the w ork o f the m aintenance carpenter requires
rou n d ed
tra in in g
and
e x p e r ie n c e
u su a lly
P roduces replacem ent parts and new parts in m aking
a cq u ired
110
Pattermaker, metal
repairs o f m etal parts o f m echanical equipm ent operated in
an establishm ent. W ork in v o lv es
most of the following:
In
(6817: Patternmaker and m odel m aker, m etal)
terpreting w ritten instructions and sp ecification s; planning
and laying out o f work; u sing a variety o f m ach inist’s hand-
Perform s m achine operations on rough m etal castings or
tools and precision m easuring instrum ents; setting up and
operating standard m achine tools; shaping o f m etal parts to
p ieces o f m etal stock to m ake m etal patterns, core b o x es,
or m atch plates. W ork in v o lv es most of the following: P lan
c lo se tolerances; m aking standard shop com putations relat
ning and layin g-out o f w ork from blueprints, draw ing, or
ing to dim ension s o f w ork, to o lin g , fee d s, and speeds o f
m odels; m aking standard shop com putations relating to
m achining; know ledge o f the w orking properties o f the com
d im ensions o f work; u sing a variety o f m achines and hand-
m on m etals, selectin g standard m aterials, parts, and equip
tools; perform ing hand-finishing operations on pattern by fil
m ent required for this work; and fitting and assem bling parts
in g, fillin g in lo w spots w ith sold er, and som etim es painting
into m echanical equipm ent. In general, the m achinist’s work
w ith alum inum paint.
norm ally requires a rounded training in m ach ine-shop prac
tice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or
Patternmaker, wood
equivalent training and exp erien ce.
(6831: Patternmaker and m odel m aker, w ood)
Mechanic, general
Builds w ooden patterns, core b oxes, or match plates. W ork
in v o lv es
(61: M echanic and repairer)
most of the following:
Planning and laying-out o f
w ork from blueprints, draw in gs, or m odels; m aking stan
dard shop com putations relating to d im ensions o f work; u s
Perform s the w ork o f tw o or m ore m aintenance trades
rather than specializing in only one trade or one type o f main
ing a variety o f patternm aker’s handtools such as saw s,
tenance w ork. In gen eral, the w ork o f the general m echanic
planes, chisels, gauges, and mallets; operating various w ood
requires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired
w orking m achines such as band saw s, circular saw s, borers,
through a form al apprenticeship or eq uivalent training and
routers, lathes, planers, drill p resses, sanders, and shapers;
exp erience.
ch ecking w ork w ith calip ers, ru les, protractors, squares,
The classification includes w orkers w ho regularly perform
straightedges, and other m easuring instruments; assem bling
tw o or m ore types o f skilled m aintenance w ork w ithin a se c
patterns and section s o f patterns by glu in g, n ailin g, screw
tion or departm ent o f a large establishm ent, such as w eld
ing, and dow eling; w orking to required tolerances and allow
ing, m achining, m achine and equipm ent repairing, and
ances; and selectin g the m aterials for the construction o f a
carpentry, am ong others. M ay also do som e pipefitting and
particular pattern. M ay also m ake sw eep s (tem plates) for
m illw righting. It also inclu d es w orkers that m aintain and
m aking m olds by the sw eep-m olding m ethod. In general, the
repair m achines, m echanical and electrical equipment, and/or
w ork o f the patternm aker requires a rounded training and
the structure o f a sm all establishm ent w here sp ecification in
exp erience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship
does
not, h o w ev er, in
or eq uivalent training and exp erien ce. W orkers ex clu siv ely
cluded workers w ho only make minor repairs or adjustments.
engaged in repairing w ood patterns (Repairer, w ood patterns)
m aintenance w ork is im practical. It
are to be
excluded
from this classification .
Maintenance mechanic (machinery)
Repairer, wood pattern
(613: Industrial m achinery repair)
(6179: M echanic and repairer, not elsew h ere
cla ssified )
Repairs m achinery or m echanical equipm ent o f an estab
(6831: Patternmaker and m odel m aker, w ood)
lishm ent. W ork in v o lv es most of the following: E xam ining
m achines and m echanical equipm ent to d iagn ose source o f
form ing repairs that m ainly in v o lv e the use o f handtools in
R epairs broken or dam aged w ood en patterns and corrects
patterns to com pensate for defects in castings. Work involves:
scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or d efective parts
Building up or repairing patterns by gluing, screw ing, or nail
trouble; dism antling or partly dism antling m achines and per
with item s obtained from stock; ordering the production o f
ing additional p ieces o f w ood to som e surfaces; rigging w ood
a replacement part by a m achine shop or sending the m achine
patterns by changing w o o d gates and risers on patterns; and
to a m achine shop for m ajor repairs; preparing w ritten
dressin g d ow n surfaces w ith scrapers and other handtools.
specification s
reassem bling
Q ualified w ood patternm akers, w h o are also engaged in
m achines; and m aking all n ecessary adjustm ents for opera
repairing w ood patterns, are to be classified as Patternmaker,
tion. In general, the w ork o f a m achinery m aintenance
w ood.
for
m ajor
repairs
or
for
m echanic requires rounded training and exp erien ce usually
Processing
acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train
Excluded from this classification
primary duties in v o lv e setting up or
ing and experiene.
are w ork
ers w h ose
adjusting
Arc-air scarfer
m achines.
(7714: W elder and cutter)
111
U ses electric arc-air equipm ent to cut, trim , or scarf and
to em pty itse lf into the m old through a trough extending into
to rem ove ex c ess m aterial ( i.e ., gates, riser pads, fins, sand
most of the following:
on e end o f the m old. C entrifugal fo rce h olds the liquid m e
tal on the w all o f the sand m o ld , form in g a p erfectly cy lin
P osition ing o f castings by hand or m echan ical m eans such
drical b ore, and spinning is con tinu ed until the m etal has
d efects) from casting. W ork in v o lv es
as hoist; adjusting m achine for w ork by ch ecking am perage,
so lid ified . O b serves and con trols proper spinning speed and
voltage, and electrodes; setting jet o f gas to blow away m olten
pouring rate.
m etal; and rem ovin g ex c e ss m aterial as required by cutting
Charging-machine operator
o ff chips and spurs and by burning out cracks and h oles. M ay
chip using an airham m er and ch isel.
(7544: H eating equipm ent operator and tender)
Air-set operator
L oads m etal into a furnace or cu p ola w ith any type o f
(A ir-bake operator, n o-bake operator)
traveling charging m ach ine. Starts load ed m achine and
(7754: Hand m olding and casting occup ations)
m anipulates levers to push the charging b ox through the open
door to dump or charge the m etal into the furnace or cupola.
M akes air-set sand m olds and co res by u sing air-set sand
blenders. W ork in v o lv es most of the following: Preparing
Chipper and grinder
for w ork by obtaining necessary equipm ent, checking catalyst
(A irham m er man; ben ch grinder; chipper; d isc grinder;
and blender tanks, ch eck in g calibration o f m ach ine, and
face-grind er operator; p ortable-grinder operator;
cleaning m achine; receiving setup patterns and flasks; ch eck
p o w er-ch isel operator; shaft grinder; snagger; stand
ing pattern for proper location o f m old in g m aterial such as
grinder; sw in g -fra m e grinder)
(7677: C ru shing, grind in g, and p o lish in g m achine
g a ggers, heads, ch ills, and title; u sing airhose and n o zzles
to b low o f f pattern b efore sand is loaded in flask;'and facin g
operator and tender)
and/or m aking m old s and co res w ith air-set sand. M ay also
attach and rem ove vibrator from flask, help w ith setup o f
Operates on e or m ore types o f chipping or grinding equip
pattern, spread sand over pattern, and set and hand pack sand
m ent in rem ovin g u ndesirable p rojection s or surplus m etal
around pouring gate.
(fin d s, burrs, ga tes, risers, w eld seam s) from sand- or diecastings, forgin gs, or w eld ed units. T he m ore com m on types
Centrifugal-casting-machine operator, pipe
o f equipm ent em p lo y ed for such operations in clude pneu
(7542: M oldin g and castin g m achine operator and
m atic c h ise ls, portable grinding to o ls, stand grinders, and
tender)
sw ing-fram e grinders. A variety o f handtools including ham
m ers, co ld ch ise ls, hand file s, and saw s m ay also be utilized
Casts pipe by operating a centrifugal casting m achine. For
by the operator in his w ork.
w a g e study p urposes, w orkers are to be cla ssified accord
For w a g e study p urp oses, w ork ers are to be cla ssified ac
ing to the type o f m olds u sed as follow s:
cording to whether they specialize in either chipping or grind
ing or perform both operation s as fo llo w s:
Metal molds
Chipper
Grinder
Chipper and grinder
O perates a m achine in w hich p ipe is cast centrifu gally in
w ater-cooled m etal m olds that are rotated at com paratively
high sp eeds. Starts m achine rotating at sp ecified speed and
Core assembler and finisher
actuates the con trollin g m echan ism w hich tilts the castinglad le at a uniform rate to m aintain a constant uniform pour
(C ore paster)
ing o f m etal in the m old . T he iron flo w s tangentially onto
(6861: P recision hand m older and shaper, excep t
the surface o f the m old , w h ere it is held in p lace by ce n
jew eler)
trifugal force and form s a h o m o g en eo u s pipe w ith a p erfect
ly cylindrical b ore. O b serves and con trols pouring rate o f
Pastes or stick s together sectio n s o f baked sand-cores to
the castin glad le, rotating sp eed , and am ount o f w ater
form com p leted co r e s, w h ich are u sed in m old s to produce
supplied.
h o les or h o llo w s in castin gs. F ills in any cracks or seam s
on core w ith a p aste o f silica p ow d er and w ater. B rushes
Sand-lined molds
a graphite facin g on the surface o f the core.
Coremaker, hand
O perates a m achine in w hich p ip e is cast centrifu gally in
sand-lined m olds. D irects placem ent o f m old assem bly in the
(6861: P recision hand m older and shaper, excep t
jew eler)
casting m achine w hich rotates the flask about the horizontal
axis. Starts m achine rotating at sp ecified sp eed and actuates
Shapes by hand (on bench or floor) varying types o f sand
the controlling m echan ism w hich cau ses the pouring ladle
112
For purposes o f this study, w orkers operating m achines
cores placed in m olds to form h o llo w s and h o les in m etal
castin gs. W ork requires
most of the following:
Selectin g
w hich m ake shell m olds or cores by baking a resin and sand
appropriate core b o x es and w ork sequences; clean ing core
m ixture on a heated pattern should be classified as shell-m old
b oxes with com pressed air or hand b ello w s, and dusting part
and/or sh ell-core m achine operator.
ing sand over insid e o f core b ox to facilitate rem oval o f
finished core; packing and ram m ing core sand solid ly into
Cupola tender
(7544: H eating equipm ent operator and tender)
b o x ,.u sin g sh o v els, hands, and tam ping tools; selectin g and
setting vent w ires and reinforcing w ires into cores; deter
O perates a cupola furnace used in a foundry to m elt pig
m ining appropriate sand blends and m oisture content o f sand
iron to produce a m olten metal that may be poured into m olds
required for a particular core; rem oving core b ox from core
and repairing dam age to im pressions; baking core to harden
nace w ith pig iron, scrap, co k e, and flux in their proper
in order to form castings. Supervises the charging o f the fur
them; and assem b lin g cores o f m ore than on e section . In
cludes workers who specialize in making small- and mediumsize cores on the bench, large cores or core sections on the
foundry floor or in a pit, as well as these who perform both
types of work.
proportions. K indles the fire and starts the b low er supply
ing air blast. Sets quantity o f metal m elted as instructed. M ay
open or direct the open ing or p lugging o f a tap h ole to start
or stop the flow o f m olten m etal, into a receiving ladle. M ay
also patch furnace and ladle lining w ith refractory clay.
For w age study purposes, workers are classified as follow s:
Furnace tender, electric
Coremaker, hand, bench
Coremaker, hand, floor
Coremaker, hand, bench and floor
(Furnace operator; electric operator)
(7675: F urnace, kiln , and o ven operator and tender)
Is responsible for the firing and charging o f an electric fur
Coremaker, machine
nace in w hich various m etals or alloys are m elted to be used
most of the following:
(7542: M olding and castin g-m achin e operator and
in m aking castin gs. W ork in v o lv es
tender)
R egulating the tem perature o f the m elt; directing and assist
M akes sand cores, used in m olds to produce h o les or h o l
m olten m etal w hen at proper pouring tem perature; and
lo w s in castings. W orkers are to be cla ssified according to
observing for proper operation o f furnace. M ay also perform
the type o f corem aking m achine as follow s:
other duties at or near the furnace and direct the activities
ing in charging the furnace w ith m etal and in rem oving the
o f other m em bers o f the furnace crew . The classification
Core-blowing machine
cludes
Places core box in m achine. Starts m achine and pulls lever
Furnace tender’s helper
ex
m elters w ho have supervisory duties.
or depresses pedal causing m achine to blow and com pact sand
(Furnace operator helper; electric furnace helper)
in core box; rem oves core and p laces it on a plate to be re
(7675: F urnace, kiln, and o ven operator and tender)
m oved to oven for baking.
(8618: H elper; m achine operator and tender,
assorted m aterial)
Tum-over-draw machine
A ssists the furnace tender in carrying out responsibilites
Selects appropriate core b o x and sets it up on m achine
for the proper firing and charging o f an electric furnace in
table; fills core b o x w ith sand and determ ines appropriate
w hich various m etals or alloys are m elted to be used in m ak
sand blends and m oisture content o f sand required for a par
ticular core; operates m achine by op en ing com pressed -air
ing castings. A ssists in regulating the temperature o f the fur
v a lv e, causing the table to rise and fall repeatedly, thus co m
nace, in directing the charge o f the furnace, and in rem oving
o f the m olten m etal w hen at proper pouring temperature;
pressing the sand in the core box; selects and inserts appropri
reliev es the furnace tender as n ecessary.
T his classification
ate reinforcing w ires in sand; operates lever or handle to
excludes helpers w ho
perform m isce l
laneous heavy and u nskilled w ork at or around the furnace.
cause table to roll o v er and deposit core b o x upside dow n
on another table; opens v a lv e to jo lt b ox and lo o sen core;
Molder, floor
pushes table d ow n , causing core to be stripped from box;
and sm ooths core and p laces it on plate to be rem oved to
(6861: P recision hand m older and shaper, except
core oven for baking.
jew eler)
Other coremaking machines
Shapes large m olds or m old section s by hand on the foun
dry floor or in a pit, by ram m ing or packing sand around
(Including those operating a com bination o f the m achines
patterns p laced in flasks. W ork in v o lv es
ing:
listed above)
113
most of the follow
Selecting and assem bling appropriate flasks and patterns
and positioning patterns in flasks for a variety o f m olds; d e
flasks and patterns and p osition in g patterns in flasks; filling
term ination o f appropriate sand b len d s, and m oisture co n
flasks w ith sand and ram m ing o f sand around pattern w ith
tent o f sand required for d ifferent m olds; packing and
ramming sand or loam around patterns; drawing patterns and
propriate sand b lends and m oisture content o f sand required
sm oothing m olds; selecting and setting in position appropriate
cores; determination o f appropriate gating, venting, reinforc
terns, and repairing o f dam age to m old im p ressions in sand;
ram m ing tool or by m echanical m eans; determ ination o f ap
for particular m olds; preparing m old s for draw ing o f pat
ing, and facing required for particular mold; assem bling m old
selectin g and setting in p osition appropriate cores; determ i
sections to form com plete m olds, using such m old er’s hand-
nation o f appropriate v en tin g , gatin g, rein forcin g, and fac
tools as riddles, ram m ers, tro w els, slick s, lifters, b ello w s,
ing required; and assem b lin g upper and lo w er section s o f
and m allets in com pacting and sm oothing o f m olds; direct
ing the pouring o f m olten m etal into m olds; and operating
m old s, and gu iding or assistin g in the pouring o f the m olten
metal into the m old. Excluded are operators o f disam atic and
a crane in lifting and m ovin g m old s or m old section s.
hunter type o f autom atic m old in g m ach ines.
Molder, hand, bench
type o f m ach ine as fo llo w s:
For w a g e study p urp oses, w ork ers are to b e cla ssified by
(6861: P recision hand m older and shaper, excep t
jew eler)
Jarring
Roll-over
Squeeze
Other (single) machine
Combination (operates more than one
type of machine)
Shapes sm all- and m ed ium -sized m old (or com ponent se c
tions o f a m old that are assem b led into com p lete units) by
hand on a bench, by ram m ing and packing sand around pat
terns placed in flasks. W ork in v o lv es most of the following:
S electing and assem bling appropriate flasks and patterns for
varying m olds; determination o f appropriate sand blends and
Pourer, metal
m oisture content o f sand required for differen t types o f
(7754: Hand m old in g and castin g occup ations)
m olds; packing and ram m ing green sand or dry sand around
patterns; draw ing patterns and sm oothing m olds; selectin g
Pours m olten m etal into
and setting cores in position; determ ination o f the types o f
bination of the following:
gating necessary for the m olds; finishing m olds by perform
W ork in v o lv es
any com
m etal at a rate com p atib le w ith the siz e and structure o f the
ing such operations as facin g, ven tin g, and reinforcing; as
sem bling m old
molds.
C on trollin g the pouring o f m olten
casting; skim m ing slag from surface o f m olten m etal; trans
section s to form com p lete m olds; and
porting m etal from furnace to m olds; and pouring m etal into
m old s, and dum ping slag from ladle after pouring operation.
selecting and using such m o ld er’s handtools as riddles,
slick s, lifters, b e llo w s, and m allets in packing and sm ooth
ing o f m olds or m old sections.
Sand- or shot-blast operator
Molder, machine, automatic
(7667: C om p ressin g and com p acting m ach ine operator
and tender)
(D isam atic operator; hunte. operator; herm an operator)
(7542: M olding and castin g m achine operator and
O perates sand- or shot-blast equipm ent to im part sp eci
fied finish to castin g or to clean dirt, sca le, and/or other
tender)
m aterials from castin gs. W ork in v o lv es
Sets up, adjusts, and operates an autom atic m achine to
ing:
produce a w id e variety o f m olds. W ork in v o lv es most of the
Setting m old depth in relation to pattern d esign
following:
most of the follow
P osition in g castin gs and starting blast o f abrasive; ad
justin g m ixture o f air and abrasive; and turning casting to
blast all su rfaces. M ay se rv ice sand- or shot-blast tanks.
and adjusting for sand conditions; in stalling core setting
fram e and/or c o r e jig ; adjusting b low and sq u eeze pressure;
Sand-slinger operator
synchronizing the speed o f the m achine according to pour
ing cy c le or core-settin g tim e; operating con trols to start,
(7667: C om p ressin g and com p acting m achine
stop, and hold m achine in the c y c le desired; and m aintain
operator and tender)
ing records o f m achine operation.
O perates a san dslinging m achine w h ich fills m old flasks
Molder, machine, semi-automatic
w ith com p acted sand to form m old s. M o v e s the head o f the
sandslinger im p eller back and forth o v er flasks as sand is
(7542: M oldin g and casting m achine operator and
thrown at high velocity into flask. M ay oil and clean m achine.
tender)
Sandmixer
Shapes m olds or m old section s on any on e or a com b ina
tion o f several types o f m olding m achines, such as roll-over,
(7664: M ixing and blending m achine operator and tender)
jolt roll-over, jarring, and squeeze m achines. W ork in volves
most of the following: S electin g and assem b lin g appropriate
M ix es sand, b inders, and w ater by hand or m achine to
114
any
handling and adjustm ent o f w eld in g apparatus and the use
Transporting sand and binders
o f w eld in g m aterials so that w eld ed castings can pass
prepare sand for m olders or corem akers. W ork in v o lv es
combination of the following:
prescribed test.
from storage to m ixing area; rem oving scraps o f metal from
For w a g e survey purposes, w orkers are to be classified
used m olding sand; m ixing ingredients to instructions by hand
as follow s:
or m achine; and testing sam ple o f prepared sand, adding in
gredients as necessary to obtain proper m ixture.
Welder, hand (assembling)
Welder, hand (repairing)
Welder, hand (combination)
Shakeout worker
(8769: M anual occup ation, not elsew h ere cla ssified )
Inspection
R em oves castin gs from m old s by hand or m echanical
m eans in w hich they w ere cast. W ork in v o lv es
of the following : R eleasin g
one or more
Inspector
clam ps holding section s o f flask
(6881: P recision inspector, tester, and grader)
together, separating the sections and breaking the sand m old
from the castin gs, u sing a steel bar or sled ge ham m er, or
Inspects parts, products and/or p ro cesses. Perform s such
rem oving castings from the sand w ith aid o f m etal hooks;
operations as exam in in g parts or products for flaw s and
operating a vibrating shakeout screen in rem ovin g sand and
d efects, ch ecking their d im en sion s and appearance to deter
castings from flasks; using a pneum atic shaker w hich , w hen
m ine w hether they m eet the required standards and sp ecifi
attached to the flask, jars or jo lts it until the m old has crum
Testers who use electronic and/or mechanical
equipment (e.g., X-ray testers, pressure testers, sound testers)
to test castings for defects are excluded.
cations.
bled; using a vibratory airham m er to rem ove the sand and
castings; shaking lo o se ly adhering sand from castings; and
sh oveling sand shaken from m olds into a p ile.
Class
Shell-mold and/or shell-core machine operator
(7542: M olding and casting m achine operator and
bination of the following:
tender)
any com
T horough k n ow ledge o f the
p rocessin g operations in the branch o f w ork to w hich he is
assign ed , including the u se o f a variety o f p recision m eas
uring instrum ents; interpreting draw ings and sp ecifications
O perates m achine w hich m akes sh ell m olds or sh ell cores
by baking a resin and sand m ixture on a heated m etal pat
tern. W ork involves
/ i — resp onsible for d ecisio n s regarding the quality
o f the product and/or operations. W ork in v o lv es
some combination of the following:
in inspection w ork on units com p osed o f a large number o f
Start
com ponent parts; exam ining a variety o f products or process
ing and stopping m achine; in stalling pattern in m achine;
ing operations; determ ining causes o f flaw s in products
preparing or supervising the preparation o f the m ixture o f
and/or p ro cesses and su ggestin g necessary ch anges to cor
sand and resin; determ ining proper curing tem perature and
rect w ork m ethods; and d ev isin g inspection procedures for
timing; rem oving cope and drag; and pasting together to form
new products.
m old.
Class B—w ork
Tumbler operator
in volves
any combination of the following:
K n ow led ge o f p rocessin g operations in the branch o f w ork
(7673: W ashing, clean in g, and p ick lin g equipm ent
operator and tender)
to w hich he is assign ed , lim ited to fam iliar products and
p ro cesses or w here p erform ance is dependent on past
exp erience; perform ing inspection operations on products
O perates tum bler to impart sp ecified finish to castin gs or
to clean dirt, scale, or other m aterials from castings. W ork
and/or p rocesses having rigid sp ecification s, but w here the
inspection procedures in volve a sequence o f inspection oper
ations, including d ecisio n s regarding proper fit or perfor
in v o lv es most of the following: P lacing castin gs in tumbler;
loading tum bler with pick s, peb bles, sand, saw dust, or other
m ance o f som e parts; using precision m easuring instruments.
m aterials; adjusting tum bler for prescribed operating time;
to storage or shipping areas.
Class C—w ork
ing: S h ort-cycle,
Welder, hand
tively; visual exam ination o f parts o f products, rejecting units
and unloading tumbler. M ay deliver finished castings or parts
in v o lv es
any combination of the follow
repetitive inspection operations; using a
standardized, special-pu rp ose m easuring instrum ent repeti
having ob viou s d eform ities or flaw s.
(A cetylen e w elder; gas w elder; arc w elder)
(7714: W elder and cutter)
Material Movement
U se s o xyacetylen e torch or arc w eld in g apparatus to fuse
or w eld individually cast p ieces into com p leted castin gs and
Crane operator, electric bridge
to repair d efectiv e or cracked castin gs. M ay cut o ff ex c ess
(O verhead-crane operator; traveling-crane operator)
m aterials from castin gs. M ust have k n o w led g e o f correct
(8314: H oist and w in ch operator)
1 15
Lifts and m oves heavy objects with an electrically pow ered
D riv es a truck w ithin a city or industrial area to transport
h oist, w hich is m ounted on a m etal b ridge and runs along
m aterials, m erchandise, equipm ent, or w orkers b etw een var
overhead rails.
Work involves clo sin g
sw itch to turn on e le c
ious types o f establish m en ts such as: M anufacturing plants,
tricity; and m ovin g electrical con troller levers and brake
freight d ep ots, w a reh o u ses, w h o lesa le and retail estab lish
pedal to run the crane bridge alon g overhead rails, to run
the hoisting trolley back and forth across the brid ge, and to
m en ts, or b etw een retail estab lish m en ts and cu sto m ers’
raise and low er the load lin e and anything attached to it.
with or w ithout helpers, m ake m inor m echanical repairs, and
(M otions o f crane are usually carried out in resp onse to sig
keep truck in g o o d w ork in g order. S ales route and over-the-
nals from other w ork ers, on the grou n d.)
road drivers are
h ouses or p laces o f b u sin ess. M ay also load or unload truck
For w age study purposes, crane operators are cla ssified
excluded.
For w a g e study p urp oses, truckdrivers are cla ssified by
by type o f crane operated, as follow s:
type and rated capacity o f truck, as fo llo w s:
Crane operator, electric bridge (under 20 tons)
Crane operator, electric bridge (20 tons and
over)
Truckdriver, light truck
(straight truck, under 1 1/2 tons, usually 4 w h eels)
Truckdriver, medium truck
(straight truck, 1 1/2 to 4 tons in clu siv e, usually 6 w heels)
General foundry laborer
Truckdriver, heavy truck
(8769: M anual occup ation, not elsew h ere cla ssified )
(straight truck, o v er 4 ton s, usually 10 w h eels)
Truckdriver, tractor-trailer
Truckdrivers not classifiable by category
Perform s a variety o f u nskilled tasks in v o lv ed in prod uc
tion operations, such as handling sand, castin gs, scrap, coal,
and oil; clean ing tanks, flo o rs, and around m achines; and
T ruckdrivers in p osition s w ith w ork characteristics as
rem oving debris. M ay handle patterns, co res, m old s, e tc .,
and straighten rods, w ires, p ipes, etc.
d escrib ed should b e reported under this category w hen the
Excluded are w orkers
inform ation need ed to cla ssify them accord in g to category
perform ing the duties o f m aterial handling laborers, as w ell
is not availab le or they are not assig n ed to a particular
as those em p loyed as h elp ers, w h o are learning sk illed jo b s
category o f truck.
such as m olders and corem akers.
Power-truck operator
Material handling laborer
(8 3 1 8 :
I n d u s tr ia l
tr u c k
an d
tr a c to r
e q u ip m e n t
operator)
(8726: F reight, stock , and m aterial m over, not elsew h ere
classified )
O perates a m anually con trolled g a so lin e- or electricP erform s p hysical tasks to transport or store m aterials or
p ow ered truck or tractor to transport g o o d s and m aterials
m erchandise. D uties involve one or more of the following:
M anually loading or unloading freight cars, trucks, or other
transporting d evices; unpacking, sh elv in g , or p lacin g item s
o f all kinds about a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, or other
establishm ent.
For w a g e study p urp oses, w ork ers are cla ssified by type
o f p ow er truck, as fo llo w s:
in proper storage locations; or transporting g o o d s by handtruck, cart, or w heelb arrow .
Excluded from
Forklift operator
Power-truck operator (other than forklift)
this definition are w orkers w h o se prim ary
Custodial
function in volves:
a. Participating directly in the production o f g o o d s ( e .g .,
m oving item s from on e production station to another
Guard
or placing them on or rem ovin g them from the produc
(5144: Guard and p o lic e , ex cep t p ub lic serv ice)
tion p rocess);
b. Stocking m erchandise for sale;
c. C ounting or routing m erchandise;
Protects property from theft or d am age, or persons from
hazards or interference. Duties involve serving at a fixed post,
m aking rounds on foot or by m otor v eh icle, or escorting per
d. Operating a crane or heavy-duty m otorized v eh icle such
as a forklift or truck;
e. L oading and u nloading ships (lon gsh ore w orkers); or
son s or property. M ay be deputized to m ake arrests. M ay
f. T raveling on trucks b eyon d the estab lish m en t’s p h y si
also help visitors and custom ers by answ ering q uestions and
cal location to load or unload m erchandise.
givin g directions. Guards em p loyed by establishm ents w hich
p rovid e p rotective se rv ic es on a contract basis are included
in this occup ation.
Truckdriver
For w a g e study purposes, guards are cla ssified as follow s:
(821: M otor v eh ic le operator)
116
Guard I
dem onstrate continuing physical fitness and proficiency with
firearm s or other special w eap ons.
Carries out instructions prim arily oriented toward insur
ing that em ergen cies and security violation s are readily d is
Not classifiable by level
covered and reported to appropriate authority. Intervenes
directly on ly in situations w hich require m inim al action to
safeguard property or persons. D uties require m inim al train
ing. C om m on ly, the guard is not required to dem onstrate
physical fitness. M ay be armed, but generally is not required
to dem onstrate p roficien cy in the u se o f firearm s or special
W orkers in positions with work characteristics as described,
and within the range o f defined levels, should be reported un
der this classification w hen the information needed to classify
them according to the lev el definitions is not available.
w eapons.
Janitor, porter, or cleaner
Guard II
(5244: Janitor and cleaner)
Enforces regulations designed to prevent breaches o f secu
Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas
rity. E xercises jud gm ent and u ses d iscretion in dealin g w ith
and washrooms, or premises o f an office, apartment house, or
em ergencies and security violations encountered. D eterm ines
commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a
w hether first resp onse should b e to intervene directly (ask
tion of the following:
ing for assistance w hen d eem ed n ecessary and tim e a llo w s),
polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dust
combina
Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and
to keep situation under su rveillan ce, or to report situation
ing equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures
so that it can b e handled by appropriate authority. D uties
or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance serv
require specialized training in m ethods and techniques o f pro
ices; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers
tecting security areas. C om m on ly, the guard is required to
w ho specialize in w indow washing are
117
excluded.
Industry Wage Survey Bulletins
The m ost recent reports providing occupational w a g e data
for industries currently included in the B ureau’s program o f
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard M ills, 1982.
BLS B ulletin 2 1 8 0 . Out o f print.
industry w age surveys are listed b elow . Bulletins still in print
Shipbuilding and R epairing, 1986. BLS B ulletin 2 2 9 5 .
are for sale from the Superintendent o f D ocu m en ts, U .S .
Structural C lay P roducts, 1986. BLS B ulletin 2 2 8 8 . $ 3 .2 5
G overnm ent Printing O ffice , W ash ington , D .C . 2 0 4 0 2 , or
from the Bureau o f Labor Statistics, P ublications S ales
C enter, P .O . B ox 2 1 4 5 , C h icago, 111. 6 0 6 9 0 . O rder by title
GPO S tock N o . 0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 9 3 3 -1
Synthetic F ib ers, 1985. b l s B ulletin 2 2 6 8 . $ 1 .5 0
g po
S tock N o . 0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 9 0 4 -7
and GPO Stock N um ber. B ulletins m arked w ith an asterisk
Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1985. BLS Bulletin 2260. $3.25*
(*) are available o n ly from the C h icago address. B ulletins
T ex tile M ills, 1985, BLS B ulletin 2 2 6 5 . $ 5 .5 0
that are out o f print are available for reference at leading
public, co lle g e , or university libraries or at the B ureau’s
W ashington or region al o ffic e s.
GPO S tock N o . 0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 9 2 0 -9
W om en ’s and M isses’ D resses, 1982. BLS Bulletin 2187. Out
o f print.
W ood H ousehold Furniture, 1986. BLS Bulletin 2 28 3 . $ 5 .5 0
Manufacturing
GPO S tock N o . 0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 9 3 1 -4
B asic Iron and S teel, 1983. BLS B ulletin 2 2 2 1 . $ 2 .2 5 *
Nonmanufacturing
C igarette M anufacturing, 1986. BLS B ulletin 2 2 7 6 . $ 1 .2 5
GPO Stock N o . 0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 9 2 8 -4
Corrugated and Solid Fiber B o x es, 1981. BLS Bulletin 2138.
Out o f print.
Grain M ill Products, 1982. BLS B ulletin 2 2 0 7 . $3*
H osiery M anufacturing, 1981. BLS B ulletin 2 1 5 1 . Out o f
print.
Industrial C hem icals, 1986. BLS B ulletin 2 2 8 7 . $ 2 .2 5
GPO Stock N o . 0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 9 3 4 -9
Iron and Steel F oun dries, 1986. b l s Bulletin 2 2 9 1 .
M achinery M anufacturing, 1983. bls Bulletin 2 2 2 9 . $ 3 .5 0 *
M eat Products, 1984. b l s B ulletin 2 2 4 7 . $6*
M en ’s and B o y s ’ Shirts and N igh tw ear, 1984.
B ulletin 2 2 3 2 . $ 2 .5 0 *
M e n ’s and B o y s ’ Suits and C oats, 1984.
bl s
bl s
B ulletin 2 2 3 0 . $ 2 .2 5 *
M en’s and W om en’s Footwear, 1986. BLS Bulletin 2291. $3.50
g po
Stock N o . 0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 9 3 8 -1
A p p lian ce R epair S hop s, 1981. BLS B ulletin 2 1 7 7 . $1*
Auto D ealer Repair Shops, 1982. BLS Bulletin 2 1 9 8 . $ 2 .2 5 *
B anking, 1985. BLS B ulletin 2 2 6 9 . $4
GPO S tock N o . 0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 9 1 3 -6
B itum inous C oal M in in g, 1982. b l s B ulletin 2 1 8 5 . Out o f
print.
C ertificated A ir C arriers, 1984. BLS B ulletin 2 2 4 1 . $2*
C om puter and D ata P rocessin g S erv ice s, 1982.
bls B ulletin 2 1 8 4 . $2*
Contract C lean in g S erv ice s, 1981. BLS B ulletin 2 1 5 2 . Out
o f print.
D epartm ent S tores, 1981. b l s B ulletin 2 1 4 7 . Out o f print.
E lectric and G as U tilities, 1982. bl s B ulletin 2 2 1 8 . $ 4 .7 5 *
H osp itals, 1985. bls B ulletin 2 2 7 3 . $12
GPO S tock N o . 0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 9 1 9 -5
H otels and M o tels, 1983. BLS B u lletin 2 2 2 7 . $ 3 .2 5 *
M illw ork , 1984. BLS B ulletin 2 2 4 4 . $2*
L ife and Health Insurance Carriers, 1986. bls Bulletin 2293.
M iscellan eou s Plastics Products, 1979. BLS B ulletin 2 1 0 3 .
M etal M in in g, 1977. b l s B ulletin 2 0 1 7 . Out o f print.
Out o f print.
M otor V eh icles and Parts, 1983. BLS Bulletin 2 2 2 3 . $ 4 .7 5 *
Petroleum R efin in g, 1985. b l s B ulletin 2 2 5 5 . $ 2 .2 5 *
P ressed or B low n G lass and G lassw are, 1986.
bls
B ulletin 2 2 8 6 . $3. GPO S tock N o . 0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 9 3 5 -7
N ursin g and P ersonal Care F a cilities, 1985.
BLS B ulletin 2 2 7 5 . $5
g po
S tock N o . 0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 9 2 1 -7
O il and G as E xtraction, 1982. BLS B ulletin 2 1 9 3 . $3*
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Offices
Region I
Kennedy Federal Building
Suite 1603
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617) 565-2327
Region IV
1371 Peachtree Street, N.W.
Atlanta, GA 30367
Phone: (404) 347-4418
Regions VII and VIII
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106
Phone: (816)374-2481
Region II
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212) 337-2400
Region V
9th Floor
Federal Office Building
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
Regions IX and X
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119
Region III
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
Region VI
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street, Room 221
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6971
Phone: (415) 995-5605
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Bureau of Labor Statistics
Washington, D.C. 20212
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