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Earnings and S u p p le m e n ta ry Benefits
in H o sp ita ls
C H IC A G O , ILLINOIS
AUGUST
1 9 5 6
Bulletin No. 1210-5
UNITED STATES D EPA RTM EN T OF LABOR
James P. Mitchell, Secretary
/n cooperation with
THE
WOMEN'S B U R E A U
A l i c e K. L e o p o l d , D i r e c t o r
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Ewan Clague, Commissioner
Earnings and Supplementary Benefits
in Hospitals
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
AUGUST 1956
Bul letin N o . 1210-5
UN ITED STA TES DEPARTM ENT OF LABO R
James P. Mitchell, Secretary
BUREA U
O F LA B O R S TA TIS TIC S
Ew an Clague, Commissioner
May 1957
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cents
Contents
Preface
Page
This report on a survey of earnings and related bene
fits of nurses and other employees of Chicago hospitals is
one of a series of reports based on sim ilar studies undertaken
by the Department of L a b o rTs Bureau of Labor Statistics and
W om ens Bureau during the fiscal years 1956 and 1957.
A
summary of the results of the Chicago survey was issued in
December 1956; this report provides m ore detailed inform a
tion, both on wages and wage practices.
The surveys w ere designed to meet a variety of
governmental and nongovernmental needs by providing areawide
information on the level and distribution of earnings and on
the nature of supplementary benefits received by personnel
in occupations selected to represent the pattern of em ploy
ment in hospitals.
In the planning of the surveys the De
partment of Labor received suggestions and guidance from
other government agencies, hospital associations, and organi
zations representing professional and nonprofessional groups
of hospital employees.
The surveys w ere made by field staff representatives
of the Bureau’ s Division of Wages and Industrial Relations.
Direction of the survey work was under the supervision of
L ily M ary David with the assistance of Jack A. Wilson.
Bulletins for the 16 cities included in this series of
hospital surveys w ill be listed on the inside back cover of
these bulletins as they become available.
Summary ------------------------------------ ----—-----------------------------------
1
Tables:
A:
B:
Occupational earnings A - l:
Professional and technical occupations ------------------A -2 : Office occupations -------------A - 3: Other nonprofessional occupations ------------------------Establishment practices and supplementary benefits B - l:
Perquisites -----------------------------------------B-2:
Minimum weekly salaries paid general duty
nurses and staff dietitians --------------------------------B-3:
Minimum entrance rates for nonprofessional
workers (except office clerica l) ------------------------B-4:
Shift differential provisions --------------------------------B-5:
Scheduled weekly hours --------------------------------------B-6:
Weekly overtim e pay practices ----------------------------B-7:
Paid vacations ---------------------------------------------------B-8:
Paid holidays ----------------------------------------------------B-9:
Sick leave, insurance, and pension plans --------------
3
5
5
7
8
9
10
11
11
12
14
15
Appendixes:
A: Scope and method of survey --------------------------------------------B: Job descriptions ------------------------------------------------------------
17
19
Earninings and Supplementary Benefits in Hospitals in Chicago, III., August 1956
Summary
Hospitals in the Chicago metropolitan area with 51 or m ore
workers employed a total of about 44, 500 workers in August 1956.
Almost three-quarters of the employees w ere in private hospitals,
about one-fifth in State and local government institutions and slightly
more than one-tenth in Federal fa cilities.
Four broad groups of
hospital employees w ere surveyed— registered professional nurses;
workers in certain other professional and technical positions; office
clerica l employees; and various other nonprofessional em ployees, en
gaged in auxiliary nursing, maintenance and custodial, and food prepara
tion activities. A fifth of all hospital employees w ere in professional
and technical jo b s ,1 about a tenth in office c lerica l jobs, and a half
in other nonprofessional work.
The range of earnings among occupations and fo r employees
within most occupations was substantial. Generally, the level of earn
ings was higher in the public than in privately operated hospitals.
Earnings and P erq u isites. — Weekly salaries of women p ro
fess ional~liuFs^s~lrr^HTcirgo_liosprtals ranged from an average of $73
for general duty nurses to $119 for directors of nursing. In private
hospitals they averaged $72 and $115.50, respectively. In all hospitals
considered as a group 2 out of 5 general duty nurses w ere paid $70
but less than $75 a week and m ore than 4 out of 5 received $65 but
less than $80. Among women in other professional and technical jobs
studied the highest average weekly salaries in a ll hospitals combined
w ere reported fo r chief X -ra y technicians ($86.50); the lowest weekly
salaries ($70 and $71, respectively) w ere recorded for other X -ra y
technicians and m edical technologists. M ore than half of these X -ray
technicians earned $65 but less than $75 a week.
Three out of 5
dietitians received salaries of $75 but less than $90 weekly (table A - l ) .
Average weekly salaries of women in the 5 office jobs surveyed
ranged from $47 for switchboard operator-receptionists to $69.50 for
payroll clerks. About half the women transcribing-machine operators
earned $60 but less than $65 a week (table A -2).
Among other nonprofessional occupations studied,
tical nurses and nursing aides1 weekly pay averaged
respectively ($19 and $26 below the pay of general
Half the wom en, nursing aides earned $40 but less than
women p rac
$54 and $47,
duty nurses).
$47.50 and a
somewhat higher proportion (57 percent) of the practical nurses earned
$45 but less than $55 a week. On an hourly basis, the pay of women
practical nurses and nursing aides amounted to about $1.32 and $1. 15,
respectively.
The highest paid nonprofessional workers studied—
stationary engineers— averaged $2.42 anhour. The lowest rates studied
w ere for men dishwashers, with an average hourly wage of 92 cents
(table A -3).
Supplements to salaries in the form of meals and/or rooms
w ere provided to at least one-third of the w orkers in a m ajority of
nonprofessional jobs and to a sim ilar proportion in some professional
jobs.. Among the workers frequently receiving such supplements w ere
kitchen helpers and machine dishwashers; a m ajority of the machine
dishwashers received at least 1 m eal and most of the women in this
job received at least 2 meals daily.
In most jobs the lowest paid
workers received some supplementation in the form of meals and,
in a few cases, a room.
Laundry or laundry and uniforms w ere
supplied to substantial proportions of workers (table B - l).
Employees in a substantial m inority of the city*s hospitals
could purchase meals and/or rent a room by means of payroll deduc
tions. Charges for meals in these instances fo r which data are a va ila
ble generally averaged about 45 to 65 cents a meal. P a yro ll deduc
tions for 3 meals and a room w ere usually $30 to $55 a month.
Entrance Rates and Rate Structure*— The vast m ajority of
Chicago hospitals determined rates of general duty nurses according
to a form ally established salary scale rather than by individual d eter
mination, and generally they provided for periodic increases in pay
of general duty nurses above their established minimum. Most com
monly they provided for increases at the end of 6 months of em ploy
ment, again at the end of the firs t year, and frequently at the end of
a year and a half and 2 years as w ell.
Some hospitals put further
increases into effect after longer service.
Established salary rates
w ere less common for dietitians.
Alm ost half the hospitals with established weekly entrance
rates fo r general duty nurses set this rate at $65 but under $70 and
about 3 out of 4 hired nurses for at least $60 but less than $75.
Most of the hospitals with entrance salaries of $55 but under $65
supplemented this salary with meals as did some of those with higher
entrance rates. The most common hiring rates for dietitians w ere $65
1
Most of the Chicago hospitals supplemented the fu ll-tim e nursing
but less than $85 a week.
staff, whose salaries are discussed here, with some part-tim e nurses,
and a few hospitals employed as many part-tim e as fu ll-tim e nurses.
For men nonprofes sional w orkers minimum hiring rates ranged
Some hospitals had members of religious orders on their nursing staff
from 50 cents an hour to $1. 75 or m ore, with rates of at least $1 but
and over a third w ere training student nurses. Generally, the number
less than $1.05 being the most common. F or women, the most f r e
of members of religious orders was relatively sm all— ranging from 2
to about 20.
quently reported minimum rates w ere 75 but less than 80 cents an hour.
2
Hospitals hiring men nonprofessipnal workers at less than 70 cents and
women for less than 65 cents supplemented these with meals (generally
3 a day) (table B-3).
call fo r some hours.
In a m ajority of these cases they w ere com
pensated for time on call, although such pay was less frequent fo r the
technicians than fo r operating room personnel.
Extra Pay fo r Late-Shift Work and Other Types of Duty. — In
about 1 hospital in 9, nurses regu larly changed shifts, with the interval
between shift rotation varying among hospitals.
Rotation was less
common for other w orkers.
Approxim ately 3 out of 5 workers in Chicago hospitals received
straight-tim e pay fo r overtim e beyond their regular workweek. Straighttime pay was m ore frequent in private than in governmental hospitals,
where a m ajority of office and professional and technical employees
other than nurses w ere paid time and one-half fo r work in excess of
40 hours (table B-6).
About 4 out of 5 registered professional nurses, about a tenth
of other professional and technical em ployees, and 1 out of 5 nonpro
fessional employees on second- and third-shift work received extra
pay fo r this duty (table B-4).
Extra pay fo r nurses on late shifts
ranged from $2.30 a week ($10 a month) to $13 a week ($56.50
monthly). About half the nurses on late shifts w ere paid $5 but less
than $7.50 a week extra for this duty. Other professional and tech
nical employees either received a $2-a-w eek differential or 10 percent
of their basic rates for workbetween 6 p. m. and 6 a. m. ; 10 percent
also was the most common differential reported fo r nonprofessional
w orkers.
About 1 hospital in 4 gave extra pay, ranging from $10 to $30
a month, to nurses and sometimes other workers in the operating
room.
In a few hospitals, nurses attending premature babies were
paid extra and in 1 instance those working with psychiatric patients
received higher pay. 2
Hours of Work and Overtim e P a y .— Most Chicago hospital
w orkers w ere on a 40-hour week with such schedules in effect for 9
out of 10 nurses and office c lerica l workers and 4 out of 5 other
professional and technical em ployees. A sim ilar workweek prevailed
for m ore than 55 percent of the other nonprofessional workers but
m ore than a fourth of these nonprofessional workers w ere on a 44-hour
workweek and 1 in 10 was assigned to work 48 hours weekly.
About 3 out of 10 hospitals had a few dietary department em
ployees on split shifts, with no extra pay reported fo r these divided
assignments.
In a m ajority of hospitals, operating room personnel and
frequently X -ra y and laboratory technicians w ere required to be on
Vacations and Holidays. — Paid vacations w ere provided all
employees after a y e a r’ s service, and between two-fifths and a half
w ere eligible for a vacation after only 6 months. G enerally a ll em
ployees w ere entitled to receive a 2-week vacation after a year of
service although about 1 nurse out of 7 was entitled to receive at
least 4 weeks after this amount of service.
Paid vacations of at
least 3 weeks w ere provided over half the nurses and other p ro fe s
sional and technical employees after 3 years of service and for about
half the office and other nonprofessional employees after 15 years*
employment.
Alm ost all employees w ere in hospitals granting at least 6
holidays annually and about 3 out of 10 w ere employed in institutions
with 8 or m ore holidays. Employees required to work on these days
most commonly received compensatory time off. A m inority of hospital
employees w ere given additional straight-tim e pay (a total of double
tim e) for work on holidays (table B-8).
Insurance and Pensions. — L ife insurance paid for at least in
part by the hospital was provided m ore than a fourth of the hospital
employees in Chicago.
M ore than 4 out of 5 w ere eligible for sick
leave at full pay without a waiting period, and a sm all number was
entitled to sick leave after a waiting period or at reduced pay. A pprox
im ately a tenth w ere covered by hospitalization insurance financed at
least in part by the hospital and an additional third w ere provided
hospitalization at the hospital where they worked at reduced cost.
Some also received surgical and/or m edical benefits at reduced rates
or w ere covered by insurance providing m edical and surgical benefits.
A il Chicago hospitals studied had come under the Federal OldA ge, S urvivors1 and D isability Insurance system or contributed to other
retirem ent pension arrangements. A ll employees of nongovernmental
hospitals w ere under the social security system and about 1 out of 5
was covered by additional retirem ent pension plans.
Governmental
hospital employees w ere covered by separate government pension p ro
2
Pay fo r these special types of duty is included in the earnings
grams (table B-9).
data, but extra pay fo r late-sh ift work and overtim e is excluded.
3
A: Occupational Earnings
Ta b le A - l: P ro fe ssio n a l and technical occupations
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations
in Chicago, 111., by hospital proprietorship, August 1956)
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—
Weekly
hours
y
Weekly
earuinKs
i/
"Under
50.00
*50.00
and
under
55.00 60.00
*60.00
i F
8
Number
of
workers
‘ 8
proprietorship
\j\
A verage
Sex, occupation, and hospital
65.00
70.00
*70.00 ^75.00 *80.00 %5.00 lo.QO
75.00
80.00
85.00
90.00
-
95.00
*95.00 ioo.oo *1 0 5 .OC lio.oo Il5.00 ^20.00 i25.00 \30.00
100.00 105.00 110.0C 115.00 120.00
125.00 130.00
over
Nursing occupations
Men
General duty nurses ....................................................
Governmental hospitals ..........................................
Nongovernmental hospitals .......... ..........................
15
8
7
39.5
39.5
4 0 .0
$77.00
84.00
69.50
-
-
-
-
-
3
2
1
3
3
“
2
1
1
_
_
99
4
95
321
155
166
292
46
246
63
8
55
5
-
”
“
“
5
119.00
136.50
115.50
90.00
97.00
86.50
81.00
88.50
78.50
73.00
76.50
72.00
88.50
95.50
87.50
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
6
66
135
6
118
66
752
5
747
135
1432
359
1073
8
51
8
43
282
23
259
843
452
391
25
8
25
92.50
105.50
87.50
75.00
78.00
72.50
74.00
72.50
75.00
93.00
93.00
82.50
79.50
86.00
_
_
-
1
1
“
_
_
_
_
”
“
“
“
1
1
“
_
_
_
”
Women
Directors of nursing ................................................ .
Governmental hospitals ..........................................
Nongovernmental hospitals .....................................
Supervisors of n urses..................... ........................ .
Governmental hospitals .........................................
Nongovernmental h osp ita ls.................................. ..
Head nurses ................................................................
Governmental hospitals ..........................................
Nongovernmental h osp ita ls.................................. .
General duty nurses .......... ........................................
Governmental hospitals .......... ...............................
Nongovernmental hospitals ................................ .
Nursing instructors........ .................... .....................
Governmental h osp ita ls................................ .........
Nongovernmental hospitals .....................................
67
12
55
429
155
274
1,009
258
751
3,516
938
2,578
284
31
253
40.5
39.0
41.0
40.0
39.5
40.5
40.0
4 0 .0
40.0
40.0
39.5
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
40.0
4 0 .0
3
-
3
-
-
-
118
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
2
6
51
1
50
48
9
39
_
7
-
10
-
5
-
111
63
48
100
25
75
42
42
7
75
46
29
11
9
2
2
2
13
11
2
11
9
2
2
2
5
8
6
2
15
14
1
4
4
78
4
74
57
1
56
32
12
20
6
1
5
7
1
6
1
8
1
7
5
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
26
26
_
_
_
10
_
_
6
4
2
6
6
13
1
12
2
_
2
4
4
_
_
_
_
_
2
2
-
2
7
2
5
4
4
_
4
4
_
_
_
_
2
3
1
2
_
_
-
_
_
-
1
g/ 16
1
6
6
7
9
3
2
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
1
_
_
_
_
_
-
Other professional and technical occupations
Men
X-ray technicians, chief ............................................
Governmental h o sp ita ls.........................................
Nongovernmental hospitals ............................. .
X-ray technicians j / ..................................................
Governmental hospitals ..........................................
Nongovernmental h o sp ita ls........ .....................
Medical technologists
....................................
Governmental hospitals ..........................................
Nongovernmental h o sp ita ls..................... ...............
Medical social workers
..........................................
Governmental hospitals ..........................................
Physical therapists i / ...............................................
Governmental h o sp ita ls.........................................
Nongovernmental hospitals ............. .....................
See footnotes‘at end of table.
21
6
15
136
62
74
232
75
157
7
7
28
15
13
4 0 .0
39.5
4 0 .0
40.5
4 0 .0
41.0
40.5
39.5
41.0
39.5
39.5
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
40.5
6
-
.
_
-
_
-
_
_
_
1
-
5
-
15
1
5
10
2
8
15
35
11
24
19
4
15
39
22
17
43
31
12
47
14
33
7
2
2
2
_
-
-
-
_
-
-
5
-
-
-
6
5
1
40
8
32
6
24
11
13
39
11
28
6
6
1
1
1
16
7
9
11
6
5
2
2
2
2
-
_
-
2
3
3
6
1
5
_
2
2
-
9
1
8
2
2
1
1
_
-
3
-
_
_
-
1
1
_
-
1
1
-
_
_
-
3
Earnings and Supplementary Benefits in Hospitals, Chicago, H I . , August 1956
U.S. DEPARTMENT CF LAB®
Bureau of Labor Statistics
4
Table A - l: P ro fe ssio n a l and technical occupations - Continued
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations
in Chicago, 111., by hospital proprietorship, August 1956)
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—
Average
Sex, occupation, and hospital proprietorship
Number
of
workers
Weekly
hours
Weekly
earnings
V
Older
50.00
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
55.00 $60.00 65.00
70.00 75.00 *80.00
85.00 90.00
95.00 foo.oo I 0 5 .OO no.oc 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00
$5& a °
under
55.00 60.00
75.00 80.00 85.00
65.00 70.00
over
90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 n o.oo n 5 .oc 120.00 125.00 130.00
Other professional a n d technical
occupations - Continued
Women
X-ray technicians, c h i e f ........ ............. .....................
Nongovernmental hospitals .......................................
Governmental h osp ita ls...........................................
Nongovernmental hospitals .......................................
Medical technologists 2/ ..............................................
Governmental hospitals ..................................... .
Nongovernmental hospitals ......................................
Governmental h o sp ita ls.................................. .
Nongovernmental hospitals ......................................
Medical social workers 2 / .......................................... .
Governmental hospitals ............................................
Nongovernmental hospitals ....................... ...............
Governmental hospitals ........ .....................
Nongovernmental h o sp itals.......................................
Dietitians 2 / ....................................... *.......................
Governmental hospitals ............................................
Nongovernmental hospitals
24
23
211
38
173
511
89
422
81
9
72
114
66
48
76
32
44
248
84
164
40.5
40.5
40.5
39.5
40.5
40.5
38.5
40.5
40.0
39.5
40.0
39.5
39.5
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
39.5
40.5
40.5
40.0
40.5
$ 8 6 .5 0
86.00
70.00
76.00
69.00
71.00
72.50
70.50
79.50
92.00
78.00
85.50
84.50
86.50
78.50
82.50
75.50
84.50
83.50
85.00
_
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
-
3
3
10
10
-
-
12
12
32
5
27
4
4
1
1
1
1
-
22
1
21
74
12
62
9
9
4
4
-
2
2
73
2
71
125
17
108
12
12
10
5
5
10
8
2
52
21
31
86
28
58
6
6
1
1
6
4
2
18
5
13
9
9
26
7
19
110
n
99
10
1
9
43
34
9
24
7
17
51
21
30
1
1
13
4
9
53
9
44
15
1
14
10
6
4
10
1
9
54
18
36
4
4
6
3
3
15
6
9
9
3
6
15
7
8
8
8
48
16
32
2
2
6
1
5
22
9
13
2
1
1
36
6
30
3
2
2
2
1
1
3
3
9
2
7
6
1
1
2
2
6
5
1
3
3
3
-
3
25
3
20
2
1
5
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
-
-
1
1
1
1
_
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
-
2
2
-
_
-
l/ Hours reflect the workweek for which workers receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Extra pay for work on evening or night shifts is excluded from
the earnings information, as is the cash value of room, board, or other perquisites provided in addition to cash salaries.
2J Workers were distributed as follows: 2 at $130 to $135; 3 at $135 to $H0; 1 at $140 to $145; 2 at $145 to $1 5 0 ; 1 at $150 to $155; 3 at $155 to $160; 1 at $160 to $165; 1 at $190 to $195; 2 at $ 2 0 0
and over.
2/ Data for this occupation exclude chiefs in hospitals employing more than 1 worker in the occupation.
5
Table A-2: Office occupations
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for women in selected occupations
In Chicago, 111., by hospital proprietorship, August 1936)
Average
Occupation and hospital
Number
of
workers
proprietorship
Clerks, payroll ................................................
Governmental hospitals . .............................T
Nongovernmental hospitals .................. .
Stenographers, technical ..................................
Governmental hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nongovernmental hospitals .......................... .
Switchboard operators .......................................
Governmental hospitals ....................... .
Nongovernmental hospitals ............................
Switchboard operator-receptionists.............
Nongovernmental h osp ita ls..................... ..
Transcribing-machine operators,
technical ....................... ...............................
Governmental hospitals .................................
Nongovernmental h osp ita ls.......................... .
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—
Weekly
^nder
y
y
35.00
72
41.0
22
4 0 .0
50
269
132
137
284
55
229
41.5
169.50
73.50
67.50
Weekly
hours
4 0 .0
6 6 .0 0
39.5
67.50
4 0 .0
6 5 .0 0
101
100
41.0
39.5
41.0
41.0
41.0
53.50
65.50
51.00
47.00
46.50
185
117
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
68
40.5
63.50
63.50
62.50
$
$
35.00 37.50
under
37.50
_
$
40.00
_
4 0 .0 0
$
42.50
42.50
45.00
_
_
$
$
45.00 47.50
47.50
5 0 .0 0
$
$
$
$
50.00 52.50
55.00 57.50
52.50
55.00
5
1
62.50
6 5 .0 0
$
5,
67.50 70.00
6 0 .0 0
62.50
6 5 .0 0
67.50
70,00 72.50
3
9
4
1
2
2
7
~
7
32
19
13
~
“
b
1
b
c
s
Q
7
25
51
24
10
10
7
7
-
13
3
10
3
10
9
9
_
14
12
1
10
_
14
12
10
28
6
6
11
11
15
15
1
_
“
24
24
1
1
"
51
14
14
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
_
3
9
-
“
“
-
1
3
9
4
2
4
32
e
5
27
g
3
25
in
XU
1c
15
_
i
30
-
57.50
6 0 .0 0
29
2
27
12
12
24
4
1/ Hours reflect the workweek for which workers receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours,
the earnings information, as is the cash value of room, board, or other perquisites provided in addition to cash salaries.
1
12
7
3
7
19
7
1
6
2
1
1
6
10
4
3
37
38
25
13
7
7
10
27
’
-
4
3
11
4
3
1
1
4
45
39
13
6
12
1
12
45
40
5
7
3
-
2
1
7
7
10
10
22
18
-
1
5
7
“
1
5
5
12
9
25
15
3
3
16
16
3
20
6
7
38
19
19
15
27
lb
1A
11
$
$
$
72.50 75.00
80.00
and
75,00 80.00
2
2
Extra pay for work on evening and night shifts is excluded from
Table A -3 : Other nonprofessional occupations
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings or average hourly earnings for selected occupations
in Chicago, H I . , by hospital proprietorship, August 1956
Average
Sex, occupation, and hospital
proprietorship
Number
of
Weekly
1/
Weekly
earnings
1/
4/
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF
Under
3 0 .0 0
30.00 *32.50 35.00
and
under
32.50
35.00 37.50
*
*
»
37.50 *4 0 .0 0 *42.50 *45.00 *47.50 *50.00 *52.90 *55.00 *57.50 *60.00 62.50 '65.00 67.50 *70.00 ^5.00
4 0 .0 0
42.50
45.00
47.50 50.00
52.50
55.00
57.50 60.00 62.50 65.00 67.50 70.00
22
2
20
8
8
8
8
133
6
127
32
26
6
21
4
17
176
172
4
5
30
29
1
51
35
16
362
117
245
316
22
294
-
216
47
169
367
87
280
6
6
93
15
78
228
44
21
23
no
32
78
2
2
4
98
65
33
12
12
*
80.00 *85.00 *9 0 .0 0
and
75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00
over
Men
Nursing aides ..................................... .
Governmental hospitals .....................
Nongovernmental hospitals ................
Practical nurses ....................................
Governmental hospitals .....................
Nongovernmental hospitals ................
723
598
125
536
265
271
40.5
4 0 .0
43.0
41.0
4 0 .0
42.0
*
58.50
61.00
46.50
58.00
64.50
52.00
_
-
_
-
-
2
2
“
21
7
14
2
2
59
12
47
-
19
4
15
57
652
75
577
275
-
-
2
2
-
27
27
-
47
47
-
193
193
24
24
-
243
243
34
34
-
409
409
10
10
-
923
106
817
15
15
-
1456
55
1401
28
2
26
-
-
-
“
“
•
"
"
5
52
5
-
106
105
1
84
56
28
57
56
1
44
34
10
973
973
114
47
67
3
3
200
200
-
57
53
4
46
44
2
113
n3
33
30
3
19
19
48
48
4
3
1
~
“
-
94
94
97
97
2
2
_
4
4
-
_
4
3
1
_
3
1
2
_
13
2
_
8
1
7
Women
Nursing aides .................................. .
Governmental hospitals .....................
Nongovernmental h o sp ita ls........
Practical nurses ....................................
Governmental h osp itals.................. .
Housekeepers, chief ..............................
Governmental hospitals .....................
Nongovernmental h o sp ita ls.............
See footnote at end of table.
6,001
1,768
4,233
2,068
699
1,369
60
9
51
41.0
39.5
42.0
41.0
4 0 .0
41.5
41.5
39.5
41.5
47.00
58.50
42.50
54.00
61.00
50.00
74.00
81.00
73.00
9
266
-
“
9
219
-
-
K
262
247
15
7
2
5
65
65
86
78
8
-
“
Earnings and Supplementary Benefits in Hospitals, Chicago, 111., August 195b
“
n
U.S. DEPARTMENT CF LAB®
Bureau of Labor Statistics
6
Ta b le A - 3 : O th e r no np rofessiona l occupations - C ontinued
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings or average hourly earnings for selected occupations
In Chicago, H I., by hospital proprietorship, August 1956)
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—
Number
of
workers
Sex, occupation, and hospital
proprietorship
$
Average
1.80
hourly ^nder
earnings
°*H
under
0.75
2/
.80 .85
$
0.85
$
$
$
$
0.90 0.9? 1.00 1.05 \.10
.90
.95
1.00
1.05
1.10 1.15
$
1.15
1.20
$
1.20
$1.25
1.25
1.30
$
1.30 I
.35 $1.40
1.35 1.40
1.50
$
$
1.50 1.60 i
1.60
.70
1.80
1.70 1.80 .1.90
$
$
$
$
1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20
and
2.00 2.10 2.20 over
Hen
Governmental hospitals ...................... .
Nongovernmental hospitals .......... .
Electricians, maintenance ...............
Nongovernmental hospitals ...................
Governmental ho sp ita ls...................... .
Nongovernmental hospitals ................. .
Kitchen helpers .......................................
Nongovernmental hospitals ...................
Porters .................................................. .
Governmental hospitals ........................
Nongovernmental hospitals ...................
Washers, machine ......................................
Nongovernmental hospitals ...................
242
30
212
63
41
264
94
170
588
338
250
1,258
550
708
104
IQ
85
$0.92
1.53
.84
2.33
2.96
2.00
2.42
3.25
1.95
1.19
1.37
.96
1.28
1.73
.94
1.31
1.60
1*25
y
_
-
10
2
8
-
3
1
2
2
7
7
6
3
3
~
-
2
-
-
2
9
-
2
25
3
22
78
4
74
8
43
5
38
27
5
22
1
2
21
1
20
62
2
60
-
67
64
3
44
2
42
8
24
21
3
54
3
51
5
3
8
1
“
8
5
9
30
28
2
42
5
37
5
1
4
51
32
19
30
2
28
11
1
10
2
26
17
9
20
6
14
13
2
11
1
1
172
5
167
31
2
29
140
2
138
10
10
271
11
260
70
4
66
247
5
242
4
-
37
37
192
20
172
29
_
-
2
1
l
a
1
-
10
6
2
2
18
15
3
7
7
20
11
9
13
13
18
15
3
17
17
9
5
4
34
20
14
15
15
74
39
8
44
10
8
6
_
74
39
8~~
44
10
8
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
45
£/L86
186
3
14
14
63
63
-
6
6
42
42
3
30
30
49
49
-
28
4
24
17
6
11
3
3
-
3
-
12
12
191
_
191
2/133
133
8/313
13
13
117
117
85
1
-
_
-
119
_
119
47
139
139
26
5
4
1
2
2
4
6
6
1
10
10
~
4
4
14
_
4
4
11
1
27
14
14
4
1
17
4
34
32
2
24
4
20
11
2
9
11
37
24
13
13
4
9
10
2
8
27
62
62
6
6
9
14
16
16
231
231
1
1
4
29
29
166
166
7
f)
1
17
5
~
-
9
1
3
_
“
13
6
7
-
45
45
-
_
_
4
3
4
4
4
6
6
1
1
3
4
4
53
53
-
2
_
-
y 34
22
12
i/L53
88
65
“
Women
Dishwashers, machine .................................
Governmental hospitals
Kitchen helpers ................................. .
Governmental hospitals ................. .
Nongovernmental hospitals ....................
laundry fin ish e rs, flatwork, machine .......
Governmental ho sp ita ls............... .........
■ ■iiumftn'fm 1
t~i i i t i i i
~i i i
Maids ..........................................................
Governmental hospitals .........................
Nongovernmental h o sp ita ls....................
93
9
84
2,144
749
1,395
668
106
562
1,939
431
1,508
.99
1.27
.96
1.09
1.43
.92
.96
1.39
.88
1.04
1.50
.91
-
313
-
85
145
_
145
1
-
47
77
-
26
69
_
-
77
69
4,
109
32
77
109
4
105
229
4
225
-
29
116
1
115
170
68
102
4
2
2
113
2
111
7
34
34
2
32
59
4
55
1
4
_
16
14
2
12
4
8
7
7
_
_
_
_
83
83
461
461
7
7
_
_
_
-
8
8
31
31
12
12
_
-
-
_
22
22
300
300
34
34
10
10
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
..
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1/ Hours reflect the workweek fo r which workers receive th e ir regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Extra pay fo r work on evening and night sh ifts is excluded from
the earnings information, as is the cash value of room, board, or other perquisites provided in addition to cash salaries.
2J Excludes premium pay fo r overtime andfo r work on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts , as well as the cash value of roam, board, or other perquisites provided in addition to cash salaries.
y Workers were distributed as follows* 20 at $0.50 to $0.55; 4 at $0.65 to $0.70; 50 at $0.70 to $0.75.
U Workers were distributed as follows* 1 at $2.25 to $2.30; 2 at $2.30 to $2.35; 11 at $2.40 to $2.45; 4 at $2.45 to $2.50; 2 at $2.50 to $2.60; 1 at $2.60 to $2.70; 4 at $3.30 to $3.40; 6 at $3.40 to $3.50;
3 at $3.60 to $3.70.
j/ Workers were distributed as follows* 14 at $2.25 to $2.30; 2 at $2.30 to $2.35; 7 at $2.35 to $2.40; 28 at $2.40 to $2.45; 6 at $2.45 to $2.50; 1 at $2.50 to $2.60; 19 at $2.60 to $2.70; 3 at $3.20 to $3.30;
33 at $3.30 to $3.40; 4 at $3.50 to $3.60; 31 at $3.60 to $3.70; 5 at $3.90 to $4.
£/ Workers were distributed as follows* 78 at $0.60 to $0.65; 33 at $0.65 to $0.70; 75 at $0.70 to $0.75.
2/ Workers were distributed as follows* 51 at $0.60 to $0.65; 54 at $0.65 to $0.70; 28 at $0.70 to $0.75.
8/ Workers were distributed as follows* 6 at $0.50 to $0.55; 18 at $0.55 to $0.60; 75 at $0.60 to $0.65; 91 at $0.65 to $0.70; 123 at $0.70 to $0.75.
7
B : E s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c t ic e s a n d S u p p le m e n ta r y B e n e f it s
Ta b le B-l: Pe rq uisite s
Percent of workers in governmental
hospitals who receive in addition
Percent of workers in a ll hospitals who
receive in addition to cash salary Occupation and sex
Neither
Laun
1 or
Laun laun
3 Neither
A ll 1 or
A ll
3 Neither
dry
2
dry
dry workers 2 meals meals Laun
2
workers 1
3 meals meals meals Laun
dry and
and
dry
and
nor
nor
and
nor
meal meals meals and
only
meals
uni
uni
only
room room
uni
forms
room roam room
forms forms
Professional occupations
Percent of workers in nongovernmental hospitals
who receive in addition to cash salary Neither
1 or
Laun Neither
laun
3 Neither Laun dry laun
A ll
2 meals
dry workers 1
dry
meals dry and
2
3 meals
nor
meal meals meals and and
nor only uni nor
uni
room
uni
room
room
forms forms
forms
Nursing occupations
Directors of nursing (women) ............
Supervisors of nurses (women) ..........
Head nurses (women) ............................
General duty nurses (men) ................
General duty nurses (women) .............
Nursing instructors (women) ..............
Other professional and
technical occupations
X-ray technicians, chief (men) ........
X-ray technicians, chief (women) . . . .
X-ray technicians (men) ....................
X-ray technicians (women) .................
Medical technologists (men) .............
Medical technologists (women) ..........
Medical record librarians (women) .. .
Medical social workers (men) ............
Medical social workers (women) .........
Physical therapists (men) .................
Physical therapists (women) .............
Dietitians (women) ............................
_
1/ 100
ioo
100
100
100
100
22
16
17
13
18
12
10
•
-
6
4
8
20
4
*
14
-
15
«
•
•
•
36
70
75
67
76
87
61
43
37
20
36
32
5
9
7
40
13
*
30
48
55
40
51
66
2/ 100
100
100
100
100
100
8
17
25
25
32
7
8
3
•
«
-
75
80
74
75
67
94
58
27
29
25
35
7
25
19
28
75
36
19
17
54
43
29
74
100
100
ioo
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
48
42
12
22
27
24
25
15
32
18
20
20
4
4
9
4
5
14
4
9
4
-
•
•
•
6
52
54
75
74
67
71
57
13
18
32
26
38
7
14
10
32
20
26
19
4
30
3
27
12
86
35
18
28
12
24
83
52
65
47
50
93
55
50
53
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
17
13
23
21
22
14
18
20
3
17
3
*
«
11
83
100
84
76
78
78
86
82
80
97
73
17
3
40
35
55
14
9
40
28
30
50
60
5
44
32
86
20
33
47
25
33
37
55
21
14
100
y
y
62
86
68
82
76
61
62
2/100
y ioo
26
16
14
13
13
15
3
-
100
100
100
100
60
44
22
24
29
24
25
-
4
16
6
6
15
100
100
100
100
50
16
32
23
6
7
13
100
32
25
55
23
6
5
8
10
16
11
#
4
28
100
100
100
100
100
100
6/100
71
27
25
45
7
6
10
43
6
15
-
16
•
27
64
75
57
79
86
62
52
40
14
37
35
3
*
5
-
33
45
60
86
59
65
-
5
-
•
-
40
52
54
72
63
70
60
73
9
31
31
22
34
8
7
4
5
3
19
8
-
20
87
64
67
60
58
92
-
3
50
85
61
56
10
23
14
24
56
14
6
33
77
73
71
-
6
24
52
59
43
59
33
14
30
31
33
41
31
21
46
3
12
54
46
24
64
45
_
-
6
15
4
«
•
31
21
51
69
31
47
5
8
15
12
11
6
46
58
15
7
43
40
47
29
68
78
37
47
»
9
*
8
61
58
68
49
14
11
7
15
28
49
42
25
56
33
41
59
*
Nonprofessional occupations
Nursing aides (men) ...........................
Nursing aides (women) .......................
Practical nurses (men) ......................
Practical nurses (women) ..................
Housekeepers, chief (women) .............
Dishwashers, machine (men) ...............
Dishwashers, machine (women) ..............
Electricians, maintenance (men) .......
Engineers, stationary (men) .............
Kitchen helpers (men) .......................
Kitchen helpers (women) ............... .
Laundry fin ish e rs, flatwork,
machine (women) ..............................
Maids ................................................
Washers, machine (men) ......................
%/
2 J
2 J
lJ
jj/
£/
2/
*
100
y ioo
100
100
y ioo
y ioo
y ioo
y ioo
y ioo
y ioo
y ioo
y ioo
y ioo
7/ 100
y ioo
9
22
29
26
5
3
5
8
3
8
*
3
23
-
20
8
11
16
25
24
12
58
6
15
15
30
8
5
7
•
6
18
14
9
21
6
11
6
15
5
8
11
43
12
30
19
34
38
67
18
60
9
10
21
50
22
58
50
100
100
100
100
100
4
16
*
32
~
•
«
•
”
5
10
«
•
«
33
27
68
75
56
53
8
13
14
11
15
15
42
53
10
4
53
28
48
30
75
82
29
53
100
100
100
100
100
100
53
22
14
26
33
*
•
•
5
•
7
65
69
71
56
15
12
12
17
28
45
35
23
55
39
45
59
100
100
100
100
13
16
15
16
*
*
4
20
-
_
88
66
70
62
Includes 8 percent who receive room and no meals and 5 percent who receive uniforms only.
Includes 8
percent who receive 1 meal and room.
Includes 9
percent who receive roam and
no meals and6 percentwho receive uniforms only.
Includes le ss than 5 percent who receive uniforms only,
Includes less them 5 percent who receive room and no meals.
Includes 5
but le ss than 10 percent who
receive
room
and
no meals.
Includes 5
but less than 10 percent who
receive
uniforms
only.
Less than 2.5 percent.
NOTE:
_
*
12
31
6
35
22
75
11
74
19
-
14
59
20
46
78
47
78
100
86
74
66
30
56
14
10
17
30
13
60
6
57
44
86
90
23
64
ioo
ioo
ioo
ioo
7/ 100
2/ 100
15
8
17
17
27
20
14
62
10
34
23
34
8
7
11
5
10
87
84
83
84
26
14
32
26
26
40
10
16
49
46
58
58
y
19
13
9
22
11
12
7
17
9
10
13
y ioo
100
100
y ioo
y
y
y
y
ioo
7/ 100
2/ 100
y ioo
-
-
Earnings and Supplementary Benefits in Hospitals, Chicago, 111., August 1956
u.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of LaborS tatistics
Dashes in " A ll workers" columns indicate either no workers or too few workers to ju s t ify presentation of data,
96
84
98
67
100
8
Ta b le B-2: M inim um w e e k ly sa la rie s paid g e ne ra l d uty n u rse s and sta ff d ietitia ns
Minimum weekly salary
All hosoitals ..............................................................
Hospitals having an established minimum ...............
Under $50.00 ..........................................................
$50.00 and under $55.00 ......................................
$55.00 and under $60.00 ......................................
$60.00 and under $65.00 ......................................
$65.00 and under $70.00 ......................................
$70.00 and under $75.00 ......................................
$75.00 and under $80.00 ......................................
$80.00 and under $85.00 ......................................
$85.00 and under $90.00 ......................................
$00.00 and over ...................................................
Hospitals having no established minimum or
not employing workers in this category .............
Data not available .....................................................
Number of hospitals with established minimum weekly salaries
Number of hospitals with established minimum weekly salaries
for general duty nurses in for staff dietitians in All hospitals
All hospitals
Governmental hospitals Nongovernmental hospitals
Governmental hospitals | Nongovernmental hospitals
Based on standard weekly hours of Based on standard weekly hours of All
All
All
All
All
All
A0
A0
AA schedules
AA schedules
AA schedules
A0
AA schedules
A0
AA
schedules A0 AA schedules A0
93 _
72
1
1/ 6
U 12
7/31
2 / 13
3
6
-
19
2
XXX xxxx
12
XXX
7
1 A6
1/
31
11 1
3 -6
12
1
2/ 3
2/ 35
9
1
2/ 1
11/ A
3
-
62
V1/
2/
11/
-
-
-
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
-
-
-
~
-
XXX
XXX
XXX
_
-
-
XXX
XXX
81
60
_
2/ 3
4/12
2/ 318
6
-
-
19
2
XXX
7
53
_
2/ 3
5 / ^ 2/ 6
2/ 317
1
6
-
12
93
-
-
-
-
-
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
A3
_
1
2
6/ 2
8/ 7
2/ 7
12/ 6
12/ 10
2/ 2
6
50
39
_
1
2
6/
8/ 27
2/ 7
12/ 5
12/ 9
6
-
2
_
-
1
-
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
81
12
_
1
2
2/ 2
, 3
12/ 3
6/ 1
10
_
1
22/ 2
3
12/ 2
-
XXX
XXX
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
XXX
XXX
31
_
_
_
6/ 2
10/ 5
2/ A
3
12/ 10
1
6
50
~
29
_
_
6/ 2
10/ 5
2J A3
12/ 9
6
-
2
_
_
_
_
_
1
1
-
XXX XXX
XXX
XXX
2/
2/
2/
In 1 hospital, workers receive 1 meal and in 3 hospitals, workers receive 3 meals in addition to their cash salary.
In 1 hospital, workers receive 1 mealin addition to their cash salary.
Workers receive 3 meals in addition to the ir cash salary.
{J In 2 hospitals, workers receive 1 meal and in 7 hospitals, workers receive 3meals in addition to th e ircash salary.
2/
In 2 hospitals, workers receive 1 meal and in 1 hospital, workers receive3meals in addition toth e ircash salary.
£/ Workers receive 1 meal in addition to th e ir cash salary.
2/ In 3 hospitals, workers receive 1 meal and in 7 hospitals, workers receive 2 meals in addition to th e ir cash salary.
8/ In 1 hospital, workers receive 1 meal and in 5 hospitals, workers receive 3 meals in addition to th e ir cash salary.
2/ In 1 hospital, workers receive 1 meal and in 1 hospital, workers receive 3 mealsin addition to the ir cash salary.
10/ In A hospitals, workers receive 3 meals in addition to the ir cash salary.
32/. In 1 hospital, workers receive 3 meals in addition to the ir cash salary.
12/ In 2 hospitals, workers receive 2 meals in addition to the ir cash salary.
13/
In 5 hospitals, workers receive 2 meals in addition to th eir cash salary.
Earnings and Supplementary Benefits in Hospitals, Chicago, 111., August 1956
U.S. DEPARTMENT <F LABOR
Bureau of Labor Sta tistic s
9
Table B-3: Minimum entrance rates for non^rofessional workers
(except office clerical)
Number of hospitals with established minimum rates fo r Men
A ll hospitals
A ll hospitals ......................................................................
Hospitals having an established minimum .........................
$0.50
$0.60
$0.65
$0.70
$0.75
$0.80
$0.85
$0.90
$0.95
$1.00
$1.05
$1.10
$1.15
$1.25
$1.35
$1.45
$1.50
$1.55
$1.75
1/
2/
2/
fj
jj/
6/
2/
8/
2/
10/
11/
22/
J3/
UJ
and under
and under
and under
and under
end under
and under
and under
and under
end under
and tinder
and under
and under
and under
and under
and under
and under
and tinder
and under
and tinder
$0.55
$0.65
$0.70
$0.75
$0.80
$0.85
$0.90
$0.95
$1.00
$1.05
$1.10
$1.15
$1.20
$1.30
$1.40
$1.50
$1.55
$1.60
$1.80
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
...................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
...................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
Women
t
Minimum hourly rate
Governmental
hospitals
Nongovernmental
hospitals
A ll hospitals
Governmental
hospitals
Nongovernmental
hospitals
93
12
81
93
12
81
93
1/ 2
1/10
S/ io
2/ 3
8/
11
6/ 5
2
12/ 3
1/ 8
11/ 22
12/ 5
3
1
1/ 5
V 1
1
1
12
_
81
1/ 2
2/ io
%J10
2/ 3
8 /11
6/ 4
2
12/ 1
1/ 8
11/21
3
1_
1/ 5
93
2/ 8
4 /H
8/ 7
1/ 7
2/ 18
10/ 5
11/ 13
36
yj 7
2
_
1/ 1
1
1
12
_
_
81
2/ 8
4 / 14
%/ 7
1/ 7
2 / 18
10/ 4
11/ 13
1_
-
-
1
2
1
-
Uj
2
2
1
1/ 1
1
1
-
-
-
1
2_
2
12/ 2
2
_
_
1/ 1
1
1
4
1/ 5
_
_
_
-
'
Workers receive 1 meal in addition to th e ir cash salary.
In 2 hospitals, workers receive 1 meal and in 6 hospitals, workers receive 3 seals and a room in addition to th e ir cash salary.
In 3 hospitals, workers receive 3 meals and in 7 hospitals, workers receive 3meals and a roamin addition to th e ir
cash salary.
In 4 hospitals, workers receive 2 meals and in 10 hospitals, workers receive 3 meals in additionto th e ir cash salary.
In 3 hospitals, workers receive 1 meal, in 1 hospital, workers receive 3 meals andin 6 hospitals, workers receive 3 meals and a room in addition to th e ir cash salary.
In 4 hospitals, workers receive 3 meals in addition to th e ir cash salary.
In 1 hospital, workers receive 2 meals in addition to th e ir cash salary.
In 1 hospital, workers receive 1 meal and in 10 hospitals, workers receive2 meals in addition to th e ir cash salary.
In 6 hospitals, workers receive 1 meal and in 3 hospitals, workers receive2 meeds in addition to th e ir cash salary.
In 3 hospitals,workers receive 1 meal in addition to th e ir cash salary.
In 8 hospitals,workers receive 1 meal in addition to th e ir cash salary.
3n 1 hospital, workers receive 1 meal in addition to th e ir oash salary.
In 2 hospitals, workers receive 2 meals in addition to th e ir cash salary.
La 5 hospitals, workers receive 1 meal and in 2 hospitals, workers receive2 meals in addition to th e ir cash salary.
Earnings and Supplementary Benefits in Hospitals, Chicago, H I ., August 1956
U.S. DEPARTMENT CF LABOR
Bureau of Labor S ta tistic s
10
Table B-4: Shift differential provisions
Percent of workers on late s h ifts in A ll hospitals
Governmental hospitals
Nongovernmental hospitals
Type of worker and s h ift d iffe re n tia l
Second s h ift
Third or other
s h ift
A ll registered professional nurses employed on
the s h ift ...............................................................................
100.0
100.0
With s h ift pay d iffe re n tia l ...................................................
79.8
78.9
57.8
55.3
86.9
87.0
Uniform amount per week.....................................................
Under $2.50 .....................................................................
$2.50 and under $5.00 ...................................................
$5.00 and under $7.50 ...................................................
$7.50 and under $10.00 .................................................
$10.00 and over ..............................................................
No s h ift pay d iffe re n tia l .......................................................
79.8
6.1
12. A
A8.1
11.5
1.7
20.2
78.9
6.5
15.2
A9.0
6.2
2.0
21.1
57.8
55.3
57.8
A2.2
55.3
AA.7
86.9
8.1
16.5
A4.9
15.2
2.3
13.1
87.0
8.8
20.A
A6.9
8.3
2.6
13.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
7 .A
21.1
A.9
7 .A
8.3
-
-
21.1
21.1
78.9
A.9
A.9
95.1
7. A
7 .A
8.3
8.3
92.6
91.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
An other professional and technical workers employed
on the s h ift ........................................................................
With s h ift pay d iffe re n tia l ...................................................
Uniform amount per week ...................................................
Under $2.50 .....................................................................
Uniform percentage ..............................................................
10 percent between 6 p. m. and 6 a . m. .....................
No s h ift pay d iffe re n tia l .......................................................
100.0 _ .
n .o
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
89.0
A ll nonprofessional workers (except office clerical)
employed on the s h ift ........................................................... .
6.2
6.2
1.2
1.2
92.6
_
Second s h ift
100.0 __
-
-
100.0
_
Third or other
s h ift
Second s h ift
Third or other
s h ift
100.0
100.0
100.0
-
-
-
-
With s h ift pay d iffe re n tia l ...................................................
19.8
22.0
22 .A
2A.8
18.3
19.9
Uniform amount per week.............. ......................... ...........
Under $2.50 ...........................................................................
$2.50 and under $5.00 ...................................................
Uniform percentage ...................................................................
10 percent between 6 p. m. and 6 a. a...........................
No s h ift pay d iffe re n tia l .......................................................
11.7
9.8
1.9
8.1
8.1
80.2
11.7
7.0
A.7
10.3
10.3
78.0
-
_
19.9
22.A
2A.8
2A.8
75.2
18.3
15 .A
2.9
22. A
77.6
-
-
12.0
8.0
-
-
81.7
80.1
Earnings and Supplementary Benefits in Hospitals, Chicago, 111., August 1956
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor S ta tistic s
11
Table B-5: Scheduled weekly hours
Percent of Other professio nal and
technical worker a in -
Registered professional nurses in Weekly hours
A ll
hospitals
Govern
mental
hospitals
Nongovern
mental
hospitals
Govern
A ll
mental
hospitals hospitals
Office clerical workers in -
Nongovern
A ll
mental
hospitals hospitals
A ll workers .......................................
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
36i hours ..........................................
37£ hours ..........................................
AO hours ............................................
A2 hours ............................................
AAhours ............................................
hours ............................................
AS hours ............................................
*
3
90
*
10
88
-
_
«
3
_
80
*
12
86
«
3
93
-
-
16
-
-
A5
-
6
-
-
91
9
-
-
78
22
-
Govern
mental
hospitals
«
*
Nongovern
mental
hospitals
100
100
•
_
10
89
95
-
*
A
-
-
-
Other nonprofessional workers in -
-
A ll
hospitals
Gove]na
mentii l
hosniltals
Women
Men
Nongovernmenta l
hosoita ls
Men
Women
100
Men
Women
100
100
100
_
_
•
#
5
55
u
88
-
58
•
29
«
27
•
10
9
*
100
7
91
_
-
«
100
_
AA
26
3
5A
.
18
3
39
.
1A
* Lees than 2.5 percent.
Table B-6: Weekly overtime pay practices
Percent of Weekly overtime policy
Registered professional nurses in Nongovern
mental
hospitals
Other■professional and
techs ica l workers in Govern
Nongovern
A ll
mental
mental
hospitals hospitals
hospitals
Office clerical workers in -
Other nonprofessional workers in -
A ll
hospitals
Govern
mental
hospitals
Nongovern
mental
hospitals
A ll
hospitals
Govern
mental
hospitals
Nongovern
mental
hospitals
100
100
100
100
100
A ll
hospitals
Govern
mental
hospitals
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Workers in hospitals providing overtime pay . . . .
90
63
100
96
98
95
97
99
96
97
99
97
Straight time .......................................................
Time and one-half................................................
After AO hours ................................................
A fter more than AO hours ..............................
Equal time o ff .....................................................
Other ....................................................................
63
12
12
76
10
10
59
32
32
5
""
16
65
65
18
-
76
19
19
-
56
3A
3A
28
52
52
-
-
7
-
19
“
69
26
26
«
-
59
2A
19
A
15
-
27
AO
AO
5
10
29
18
18
16
-
31
-
76
15
9
6
6
-
10
37
5
3
«
A
3
«
3
A ll workers ...............................................................
Workers in hospitals providing no overtime
pay or having no formal overtime pay policy . . .
-
-
«
1/ 13
A
1/ Some employees paid a fla t hourly rate of $2 an hour fo r work beyond AO hours; others $2.50 or $3 an hour, depending on th e ir salary, fo r work beyond
* Less than 2.5 percent.
-
AOhours.
Earnings and Supplementary Benefits in Hospitals, Chicago, 111., August 1956
D.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor S ta tistic s
12
T a b le B-7: P a id v a c a tio n s
Vacation policy
All workers ...............................................
Other professional
Registered professional nurses in Govern
Govern
Nongovern
All
All
mental
mental
mental
hospitals hospitals
hospitals
hospitals
hospitals
-IS O ... -■ ASP-. - ___ ASS.
100
„ „ASQ_....
47
35*
9
53
88
53
35
32
29
3
-
12
68
100
78»
6
15
100
6535
100
100
70
_
13«
15
100
and
Percent of -
Office clerical workers in Govern
Nongovern
Nongovern
All
mental
mental
mental
hospitals hospitals
hospitals
hospitals
____ ass____ ___ ASS-..
.-ISO-
Other nonprofessional workers in Govern
Nongovern
All
mental
mental
hospitals hospitals
hospitals
___ASS____ - .... ASP-...... ____ APS-..... - ........IPS- .... .
Amount of vacation p a y
After $ rentes <rf, .ggrrigg
Workers in hospitals providing
1 week ...................................................
Over 1 and under 2 weeks........ ..
Over 2 and under 3 weeks ..................
Workers in hospitals providing
no paid vacations .......................
After 1 year of service
Workers in hospitals providing
paid vacations .......................................
1 week..................................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks ..••••••••
3 weeks ................................................ ..
4 weeks and over.......... ......................
After,2 years of service
Workers in hospitals providing
paid vacations ..................... ................
1 week.................................................. .
2 weeks ..............................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks .................
Over 3 end under 4 weeks ..................
4 weeks and over...............
After 3 years of service
Workers in hospitals providing
Over 2 and under 3 weeks ..................
..................................................
Over 3 and under 4 weeks ..................
4 weeks and over .................................
After 5 years of service
Workers in hospitals providing
paid vacations......................................
2 weeks...................................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks ..................
3 weeks............................. .
Over 3 and tinder 4 weeks ..................
4 weeks and o v er.................................
3 weeks
40
48
29
19
52
94
46
47
6
5
74
100
6
100
3
72
19
6
-
100
53
47
-
100
59
5
24
5
4
5
8
-
100
42
58
-
100
65
5
24
5
100
75
19
6
"
100
53
47
-
—
45
4
31
-
100
100
—
46
5
43
5
100
—
75
4
6
15
100
20
—
42
58
100
100
100
100
60
91
34
58
9
15
5
-
3
8
7
100
5
54
20
17
4
100
42
58
-
100
36
_
29
35
100
82
8
3
7
100
59
20
17
4
100
100
100
22
36
_
64
100
100
100
—
4L
_
34«
34
27*
38
-
36
-
64
82
43
47
3
7
33
36
3
-
28
20
20
44
4
28
8
16
42
58
-
20
80
5
38
11
-
74
4
7
15
-
50
36
14
50
90
58
32
10
29
25
5
71
100
8
100
32
“
100
78
14
-
100
86
5
8
-
100
ft
84
14
“
100
63
32
-
100
—
53
47
100
100
ft
84
3
-
100
100
11
—
32
100
100
100
100
100
53
-
47
26
21
82
—
86
5
8
-
84
5
11
-
~
77
3
9
_
11
68
68
40
27
32
-
-
13
83
5
-
3
93
5
-
3
93
5
95
5
_
—
-
Earnings and Supplementary Benefits in Hospitals, Chicago, H I ., August 1936
U.S. DEPARTMENT CF LABOR
Bureau of Labor S ta tistic s
13
fa b le B-7: P a id v a c a tio n s - C o n tin u e d
Other professional
Registered professional nurses in Goverr*Nongovern
Govern
All
All
mental
mental
mental
hospitals
hospitals
hospitals hospitals hospitals
and
Percent of -
Office clerical workers in Govern
Nongovern
Nongovern
All
mental
mental
mental
hospitals hospitals
hospitals
hospitals
Other nonprofessional workers in Govern
Nongovern
All
mental
mental
hospitals hospitals
hospitals
Amount of vacation p a y - Continued
After 10 years of service
Workers In hospitals providing
paid vacations............................. .
2 weeks .............................................. ..
Over 2 and under 3 weeks
3 weeks............................................
Over 3 and under A weeks .................
A weeks and over..............................
100
100
15
6A
33
1A
3
50
100
30
15*
5A
100
21
100
22
100
-
a
A
18
-
37
100
A
15
17
48
5
A7
3
37
5
58
100
A2
5
23
29
100
6A
100
100
-
-
100
-
72
5
20
-
100
62
100
11
33_
35
32
3
24
-
100
-
78
5
“
18
After 15 years of aervise
Workers in hospitals providing
2 weeks ..................................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks ..................
3 weeks ................................................
Over 3 and under A weeks ............... •
A weeks and over.................................
9
_
27
6A
100
27
17
3
53
100
37
A
1AA5
100
28
46
A
33
17
100
4111
47
100
48
5
443
100
48
3
38
-
100
1A58
A1
5
13
A0
100
20
«
56
100
61
11
23
45
32
100
22
100
9
27
6A
100
27
17
3
53
100
37
A
1A
A5
100
28
100
41
5
13A0
100
100
100
100
18
23
A5
32
100
61
47
A8
3
31
-
100
29
48
5
27
-
100
100
100
100
28
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61
5
34
”
After 3Qjrara-gf sqrviss
Workers in hospitals providing
paid vacations .......................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks..................
Over 3 and under A weeks ..................
A weeks and over .................................
-
20
•
56
-
-
-
-
1A
58
-
46
A
41
-
22
11
-
-
20
5
24
-
10
After 25 years of service
Workers in hospitals providing
paid vacations.....................................
2 weeks......................... ..................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks .............
3 weeks ..................................................
Over 3 and under A weeks ............ • •
A weeks and over « ........................
* Less
than 2*5 percent,
100
22
20
«
56
9
27
6A
27
17
3
53
37
A
1AA5
1A
58
41
5
13
AO
46
A
22
29
4111
A7
48
5
27
-
20
48
3
30
19
23
45
32
5
13
21
14
Table B-8: Paid holidays
Percent of -
Item
A ll
hospitals
- 1QQ
Workers in hospitals providing paid holidays ...................................
0ther professional and
tec hnical workers in -
Registered professional
nurses in -
99
65
4
25
«
3
Govern
mental
hospitals
Nongovern
mental
hospitals
100 ... _
100
18
64
8
10
Workers in hospitals providing no paid holidays ..............................
100
99
83
6
11
T
*
Office c le ric a l workers in -
A ll
hospitals
Govern
mental
hospitals
Nongovern
mental
hospitals
100.
100
100
100
66
5
23
4
*
100
23
58
13
7
100
83
7
10
-
A ll
hospitals
Govern
mental
hospitals
Nongovern
mental
hospitals
Other nonprofe:ssional
workers ii i A ll
hospitals
Govern
mental
hospitals
Nongovern
mental
hospitals
100
100
100
100
100
63
3
27
5
•
100
32
47
15
5
100
78
5
17
”
93
52
3
26
8
3
7
100
8
60
24
9
90
75
5
9
10
100
4
24
7
51
13
100
47
5
48
”
100
5
14
8
53
20
93
5
20
5
56
8
100
32
8
60
•
90
7
14
4
53
12
"
100_____
Workers in hospitals with formal provisions regarding
Dorble time to tal (regular pay plus straight t i m e ) ......... .
Workers in hospitals providing no paid holidays or having no
formal provisions regarding paid holidays ....................................
*
Less than 2.5 percent,
99
4
4
5
5
67
14
*
100
18
82
“
99
5
5
7
62
20
*
100
*
*
25
9
55
8
100
58
7
35
100
ft
•
12
9
63
11
7
10
Earnings and Supplementary Benefits in Hospitals, Chicago, 111., August 1956
U.S. DEPARTMENT CF LABOR
Bureau of Labor S tatistics
15
T a b le B-9: S ic k le a v e , in su ra n c e , a n d p e n sio n p la n s
Percent of T^rpe of plan
Govern
A ll
mental
hospitals
hospitals
Workers in hospitals providing:
Life insurance ................................. ........................................... .
Accidental death and dismemberment insurance ..............................
Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both ..............
Sickness and accident insurance......... ...............................
Sick leave (f u ll pay, no waiting p e r i o d ).............. ......... ..
Sick leave (p artia l pay or waiting period) ............................
Hospitalization insurance....... .....................................................
Hospitalization provided outside of group insurance............ .
Surgical insurance....................................................... ................
Surgical benefits provided outside of group insurance............
Surgical benefits at reduced cost . . . . .......................... ......... .
Medical insurance................................... ......................................
Medical benefits provided outside of group insurance ............
Medical benefits at reduced c o s t ............................... .
Retirement pension or social security or b o t h ...........................
Retirement pension (other than social s e c u r i t y ).............. .
Social s e c u r it y .............. .........................................................
*
Less than 2.5 percent,
Othsr professional cud
tea bnical workers in -
Registered professional
nursea in Nongovern
mental
hospitals
A ll
hospitals
Govern
mental
hospitals
100
100
100
100
100
26
13
89
9
83
6
14
*
36
6
*
13
4
a
13
100
42
73
53
35
100
21
100
100
100
16
5
86
5
77
8
19
3
49
9
3
17
6
3
17
100
21
100
29
18
94
6
83
11
10
«
65
58
100
13
100
100
100
34
5
*
17
*
*
17
100
43
72
Office c le ric a l workers in -
Nongovern
mental
hospitals
-
-
100
15
*
92
3
76
15
14
*
47
6
•
23
*
*
23
100
22
100
A ll
hospitals
-
Govern
mental
hospitals
Nongovern
mental
hospitals
Other nonprofeissional
workers iii —
Govern
A ll
mental
hospitals hospitals
Nongovern
mental
hospitals
-100
100
100
100
100
100
32
20
93
7
90
3
8
*
38
3
*
13
#
*
13
100
53
68
54
47
100
13
100
100
100
21
8
89
4
85
4
11
*
57
4
*
19
*
*
19
100
33
100
26
13
84
10
78
5
10
*
30
5
e
10
*
*
10
100
42
66
44
32
100
23
100
100
100
17
3
75
4
67
8
15
*
46
7
*
15
3
*
15
100
16
100
Earnings and Supplementary Benefits in Hospitals, Chicago, 111., August 1956
U.S. DEPARTMENT CF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
17
Appendix A : Scope and Method of Survey
The Chicago, 111., a r e a 1 is one of 16 m ajor metropolitan
areas in which the U. S. Department of Labor*s Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with the Womenfs Bureau, has conducted
surveys of salaries and working conditions of hospital personnel. Data
w ere obtained by personal visits of the Bureau of Labor Statistics
field staff to representative hospitals, selected on the basis of size,
type of service (e. g . , general, mental and allied, tuberculosis), and
proprietorship (Federal, State, or local government, or nongovernmental
organization). Hospitals having few er than 51 employees w ere omitted
since they employ re la tive ly few w orkers in the occupations studied.
Earnings data are presented for occupations within the fo llo w
ing groups:
A summary of the number of hospitals studied and their size
is presented in the table below.
To im prove the re lia b ility of the data, a greater proportion
of large than of sm all hospitals was studied. In combining the data,
however, a ll hospitals w ere given their appropriate weight. The e s ti
mates thus relate to a ll hospitals of 51 or m ore employees rather
than to those actually visited.
Occupations and Earnings
The occupations selected for study are common to most hos
pitals within the scope of the survey, regardless of their size or type
of service.
Occupational classification was based on a uniform set
of job descriptions designed to take account of the fact duties within
the same occupation may vary somewhat among hospitals.
(These
descriptions are presented in appendix B. )
1
County.
1.
Registered professional nurses.
2.
Other professional and technical employees.
(This term
includes employees in occupations such as X -ra y techni
cians, m edical technologists, dietitians, physical thera
pists, m edical librarians, m edical record librarians,
m edical social w orkers, and occupational therapists. )
3.
Office c lerica l em ployees. (This group includes employees
doing clerica l work throughout the hospital in such places
as the business office and the medica1 record library. )
4.
Other nonprofessional employees (includingpractical nurses,
nursing aides, ord erlies, maids, kitchenhelp, unskilled lab
oratory help, maintenance, laundry, and sim ilar w orkers).
Data are shown for fu ll-tim e employees; i. e. , those hired
to w ork the regular schedule for the given occupational classification.
Students w ere not considered as em ployees.
A ll occupational in for
mation excludes not only part-tim e employees but members of r e li
gious orders and members of the Arm ed F o rces.
Earnings data exclude premium pay fo r overtim e, fo r work
on holidays and late shifts, and for time on call, as w ell as the cash
value of room, board, and any other perquisites provided in addition
to cash salaries.
The earnings, however, include any cost-of-livin g
bonuses as w ell as extra pay for work perform ed in certain units
such as TB, psychiatric, or communicable disease wards, operating
F o r purposes of this survey, the Chicago area consists of Cook
or d elivery rooms.
Num ber of hospitals and w orkers within scope of survey (lim ited to hospitals with 51 or m ore w o rk e rs)
Num ber of hospitals
Type of hospital
proprietorship
Within
scope
of
study
W o rk ers in hospitals
Studied
Within 8cope of study
Studied
Total
w orkers 1
P rofession al
and technical
w orkers
(includes R. N. *s)
Office
c le ric a l
w orkers
Other non
profession al
w orkers
Total
A ll h o s p it a ls ----------------------------
93
35
44,500
9,700
3,970
22,600
28,020
F e d e ra l Government -------------Other governmental a g e n c y ---N o ngovern m en tal--------------------
3
9
81
2
7
26
4, 770
8,500
31,230
1, 190
1,470
7,040
600
670
2, 700
2,490
5,270
14,840
4,000
8,190
15,820
1 Includes some w orkers (for exam ple, those in adm inistrative positions) not included m the occupational groups shown separately.
18
A verage weekly earnings data re fe r to employees* straighttime salaries fo r their regular workweek (rounded to the nearest half
dollar).
A verage w eekly hours, where presented, have been rounded
to the nearest half hour and re fe r to the workweek for which employees
receive these salaries.
6 months would have earned 15 days of vacation.
Hence, they are
shown as being eligible fo r 2 but less than 3 weeks of paid vacation
after 6 months of service even though they accumulate vacation credits
at the same rate after this amount of service as after a year or
m ore of employment.
Occupational employment estimates represent the total in a ll
hospitals within the scope of the study and not the number actually
surveyed.
Because of differences in occupational structure among
hospitals, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from
the sample of hospitals studied serve only to indicate the relative
importance of the jobs studied.
The summary of insurance and pension plans includes not
only form al arrangements that are underwritten by an insurance com
pany or pooled fund and for which the hospital pays at least part of
the cost but also form al hospital policies providing fo r benefits to be
paid out of current operating income.
Death benefits are included
as a form of life insurance. Medical insurance refers to plans p ro
viding for complete or partial payment of doctors* fees.
Hospital Practices and Supplementary Benefits
Information was obtained on selected hospital practices and
supplementary benefits as these relate to registered professional nurses,
other professional and technical w orkers, office clerica l, and other
nonprofessional em ployees. (A ll of the information on supplementary
benefits excludes members of religious orders and of the Arm ed Forces
as w ell as part-tim e em ployees.) To a considerable extent, differences
among these groups in the proportions receivin g various benefits re flect
variations in the extent to which these groups are employed in various
hospitals rather than differences in practice within the same hospital.
Scheduled hours; overtim e pay practices; paid holidays; rates
of pay fo r work on holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance,
and pension plans are treated statistically on the assumption that such
benefits apply to a ll those employed within the occupational group in
a given hospital if a m ajority of such employees are eligible fo r or
may eventually qualify fo r the practice.
Because of rounding, sums
of individual items in these tabulations do not n ecessarily equal totals.
The length of vacation shown after 6 months of service refers
to the total amount of vacation w orkers can take after this amount of
service, not to their annual rate of vacation; however, vacation p ro
visions shown for w orkers with 1 or m ore years of service re fe r to
their annual rate. F o r example, Veterans Administration nurses r e
ceive 2l/z calendar days of vacation per month and at the end of
Tabulations of pension plans are lim ited to those plans that
provide monthly payments for the remainder of the retired worker* s
life . Data on the extent to which hospital employees are covered by
O ld-Age, Survivors* and Disability Insurance (social security) are
presented, since most hospitals are not automatically covered by the
F ederal Social Security System.
Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type of in
surance under which predeterm ined cash payments are made d irectly
to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or a c c i
dent disability.
Paid sick -leave plans which provide full pay or a
portion of the em ployee’s pay during absence from w ork because of
illness a re included in the survey of paid sick leave.
In addition to
the proportion of workers who are provided sickness and accident in
surance or paid sick leave, the table showing such benefits presents
an unduplicated total of employees who receive either or both types
of benefits (table B-9).
The value of any perquisites received by hospital employees
has not been added to the earnings data.
Separate information is
shown, however, on the extent to which hospital employees receive
room , board, and other perquisites in addition to their cash salaries.
Lim ited information is also included on arrangements whereby em
ployees purchase meals or rent a room from the hospital through
payroll deductions.
19
A ppendix
B:
Job Descriptions
The prim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to
assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations w orkers who are employed under
a va riety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from hospital to hospital and from
area to area. This is essential in order to perm it the grouping of occupational wage rates re p
resenting comparable job content. Because of this em phasis on interhospital and interarea com
parability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those
used in individual hospitals or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job d escrip
tions, the Bureau’s field representatives w ere instructed to exclude students, m embers of religious
orders, and of the A rm ed F o rces, and part-tim e w orkers. Supervisors of other w orkers in the
same occupation w ere omitted except where the job descriptions provide contrary instructions.
Professional
and
Technical
- Nursing
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
SUPERVISOR OF NURSES - Continued
A registered professional nurse who directs and supervises
all nursing services concerned with care of patients in the hospital:
Plans the nursing services needed to achieve the objective of the hos
pital. Is responsible for maintaining such nursing service in accord
ance with accepted standards. Analyzes and evaluates nursing and
related services to im prove quality of patient care and to plan better
utilization of staff time and ab ilities. Plans and directs the orienta
tion and in -serv ice educational program for nursing personnel. In ter
prets hospital personnel p o licies. Adm inisters the budget for the nurs
ing department and may assist in its preparation. May participate in
community health education program s.
May be responsible for the
administration of a school of nursing if such a school is operated
by the hospital.
May delegate any of these responsibilities to an
assistant. May assume the functions of a supervisor in a sm all hos
pital.
May select and recommend appointment of nursing personnel.
Nurses whose prim ary responsibility is administration of the hospital
and assistant directors who may be delegated the responsibility for
either nursing service or the school of nursing are excluded!
the procurement of supplies and equipment for her unit or units. May
spend part of time instructing student nurses or auxiliary nursing
personnel or planning instruction for these groups. May perform the
functions of the head nurse when there is no head nurse.
May be
in charge of m ore than one m edical, surgical, psychiatric, or other
unit, or m ore than one operating room , or m?.v be in charge of a
combination of these units such as a medical ward and a surgical
ward.
Evening or night supervisors, nurses who spend m ore than
half their time in instruction in the classroom or on the organized
nursing unit, nurses assigned to central supply m ore than half tim e, and
assistant directors who are responsible for certain types of functions
(e .g . , personnel, budget, nursing education, nursing service) as dis
tinguished from certain services (e .g . , surgical, m edical, etc. ) and
who perform functions of director as delegated by her (such as co^
ordinating nursing service with that of other services)" are excluded.
SUPERVISOR OF NURSES
A registered professional nurse who is responsible for the
nursing service and patient care on one organized nursing unit: Assigns
patient care duties to (professional and nonprofessional) nursing p e r
sonnel and supervises and evaluates work perform ance. Period ically
visits patients to insure optimal care and to ascertain need for addi
tional or modified services.
Supervises the execution of doctors'
orders and related treatments and the maintenance of nursing records.
A ssists in the orientation of new personnel to the unit.
Insures the
availability of supplies and equipment. Identifies nursing service prob
lems and assists in their solution.
May give direct nursing care in
A registered professional nurse who directs and supervises
the nursing service in one or m ore organized nursing units: Evalu
ates the nursing service in her unit or units and relates these activities
to other hospital departments and to the total nursing s e rvice. In ter
prets responsibilities and hospital policy to nursing personnel. A ssists
in the evaluation of nursing personnel. Participates in the orientation
and in -service education program s for nursing personnel. May direct
HEAD NURSE
20
HEAD NURSE - Continued
G EN ERAL DUTY NURSE - Continued
selected situations ( i . e . , perform s duties of general duty nurse). May
assist in the in -serv ice education and guidance of nursing personnel.
May spend part of time supervising or instructing student nurses.
May be responsible fo r ward 24 hours a day in the sense evening and
night nurses report to her and she is responsible fo r assigning duties
on other shifts.
Nurses who spend m ore than half their time in the
central supply unit or in instruction in the classroom or on an o r
ganized nursing unit, and those who are given the title of assistant
head nurse who receive extra pay as assistant supervisor are excluded.
head nurses, specialized intravenous nurses, those who spend m ore
than half their time in the central supply department or in instruction
in the classroom or on the organized nursing unit are excluded.
G EN ERAL D U TY NURSE
A registered professional nurse who gives nursing care to
patients within an organized nursing unit: U tilizes special skill, knowl
edge, and judgment in observing and reporting symptoms and condition
of patient.
Adm inisters highly specialized therapy with complicated
equipment. Gives medication and notes reactions. Maintains records
on patient1s condition, medication, and treatment. A ssists the physi
cian with treatment. May set up equipment, prepare the patient, etc.
May supervise professional and other nursing personnel who are w ork
ing as members of a nursing team in caring fo r a group of patients.
May spend part time instructing, supervising, or assigning duties to
student nurses, practical nurses, and nursing aides. May instruct
patients and fam ily. May assume some or all of the functions of the
head nurse in her absence. May bathe and feed acutely ill patients.
May take and record tem peratures, respiration, and pulse.
Nurse
anesthetists, those who are given extra compensation as assistant
P r o f e s sional
NURSING IN S T R U C TO R 1
A registered professional nurse who instructs student, p ro
fessional, or practical nurses in theory and practical aspects of nursing
art and science: A ssists in planning and preparing curriculum and
outline fo r course.
Lectures to students and demonstrates accepted
methods of nursing s e rvice, such as carryin g out m edical and sur
gical treatments, observing and recording symptoms, and applying
principles of asepsis and antisepsis. Collaborates with nursing super
viso rs to supplement classroom training with practical experience in
various departments. Renders individual training assistance w herever
needed, and observes perform ance of students in actual nursing situa
tions. May prepare, adm inister, and grade examinations to determine
student progress and achievement. May make recqmmendations re la
tive to im proved teaching and nursing techniques. May assist in c a r r y
ing out hospital in -serv ice training program by initiating new p ro c e
dures and practices and training graduate nurses in their application.
May conduct refresh er training courses fo r graduate nurses in theory
and practice of general nursing care or clin ical specialties. May
train auxiliary w orkers in administration of nonprofessional aspects
of nursing care.
May teach practical nursing techniques to classes
of lay persons.
Nurses who spend less than half of their time on
such duties are excluded.
a nd T e c h n i c a l
- Other
D IE TITIA N
D IE T IT IA N - Continued
A w orker who organ izes, adm inisters, and directs one or
m ore phases of the hospital food service program and applies the
principles of nutrition to the feeding of individuals and groups. Does
at least one of the following: (a) Plans menus, (b) plans modifications
of the normal diet fo r persons needing special diet treatment, or
(c) instructs patients and/or hospital personnel in principles of nutri
tion and in modifications of the normal diet. In addition, usually p e r
form s several or all of the follow ing duties: Purchasing or requesting
food, equipment, and supplies; supervising food preparation; super
vising the serving of food to patients and hospital personnel; selecting,
training, and supervising nonprofessional personnel; maintaining food
cost controls; inspecting work areas and storage fa cilities fo r sani
tation and safety.
N orm ally, dietitians w ill have a college degree
with a m ajor in foods, nutrition, or institutional management plus a
dietetic internship. Food service supervisors who are concerned with
the day-to-day operations of preparing and serving m eals but who do
not apply the principles of nutrition to m eal planning (other than to
m odify diets according to established patterns) and, in hospitals that
have staff dietitians, chief and assistant chief dietitians are excluded.
M ED ICAL RECORD L IB R A R IA N
A worker who is responsible fo r the activities of the depart
ment in which the m edical records maintained on hospital or clinic
patients are filed . These duties include several or all of the following:
Reviewing patients1 records fo r completeness and accuracy according
1 This occupation was not studied in Portland, O reg.
21
MEDICAL, RECORD LIB R A R IA N - Continued
M ED IC AL TECHNOLOGIST - Continued
to standards established by the accrediting agencies of hospitals; coding
or verifyin g coding of diseases, operations, and special therapy ac
cording to recognized nomenclature and classification systems; index
ing diseases, operations, and other special study m aterial; preparing
or supervising preparation of periodic statistical reports such as on
m orbidity, births, and deaths, utilization of fa cilities; assisting the
medical staff in research involving m edical records; abstracting case
histories for special reports; selecting and tabulating information from
patients1 records fo r specific purposes of the hospital or clinic and the
community; answering inquiries fo r information recorded in patients1
records in accordance with prescribed hospital policies; filin g or su
pervising filin g of records; participating in staff meetings representing
aprofessional service; taking m edical or surgical dictation. Selects and
trains any other em ployees in the department and assigns their duties.
In addition, this worker may prepare the budget fo r the department and
may serve as the hospital medical librarian. May direct program for
training medical record lib ra ry students.. M edical record librarians in
hospitals below the le v e l of chief are excluded unless they are registered
by the Am erican Association of M edical Record L ib ra ria n s.
study. May, under supervision of a pathologist, engage in research
and teaching activities. May supervise laboratory assistants, or where
no laboratory assistants are employed, perform their duties. May
also perform some duties of X -ra y technicians, take electrocard io
grams and determine basal metabolic rate. In large hospitals and
those engaged in research, medical technologists may be responsible
fo r testing and examination in only one of several fields of clinical
pathology.
In sm all hospitals, they may perform clinical tests in
any one or a combination of these field s.
P erfo rm s duties norm ally
requiring 12 months* training in an approved school for medical tech
nologists following at least 2 years of college.
May be registered
by registerin g agency. Chief technologists where m ore than one m edi
cal technologist is employed; tissue technicians who m erely do routine
preparation of tissue for study; those who perform only routine (quali
tative rather than quantitative) tests such as urinalysis fo r PH factor
or sugar by noting color change, testing hemoglobin by color, doing
rough screening, or who perform only a lim ited range of tests within
one field; and w orkers holding specialist certifica tes from the R egistry
of the A m erican Society of C linical Pathologists are excluded.
M EDICAL SOCIAL WORKER
PH YSIC A L TH ERAPIST
A person who provides d irect service to patients by helping
them resolve personal and environmental difficulties that in terfere
with obtaining maximum benefits from medical care or that predispose
toward illn ess.
P erfo rm s a variety of services such as counseling
on social problems and arranging fo r posthospital care at home or
in institutions, fo r placement of children in foster homes or adults
in nursing homes, and fo r financial assistance during illn ess; utilizes
resources such as fam ily and community agencies to assist patient
to resume life in community or to learn to live within disability.
Prepares and keeps current a social case record. Provides attending
physician and others with pertinent information to add to understanding
of patient. May supervise social work students and beginning case
w orkers. Social w orkers assigned p rim a rily to psychiatric wards and
clinics; workers engaged p rim a rily in financial screening of patients and
rate setting; those workers cla ssified as case aides; and in hospitals
where more than one social w orker is employed, the head of the social
service department and other supervisors of medical social workers
unless they spend at least 80 percent of their time in direct service
to patients (including related cle ric a l and other duties) are excluded.
A person who treats disabilities, in juries, and diseases through
the use of massage, ex erc ise, and effective properties of a ir, water,
heat, cold radiant energy, and elec tricity , according to prescription
of a physician. May instruct students, interns, and nurses in methods
and objective of physical therapy and may supervise physical therapy
aides. May consult with other therapists to coordinate therapeutic
program s for individual patients.
N orm ally requires training in ap
proved school of physical therapy.
In hospitals with m ore than one
physical therapist, the chief therapist and those who spend over 20 p er
cent of their time supervising other physical therapists are excluded.
M EDICAL TECHNOLOGIST
A worker who perform s various chem ical, m icroscopic, and/or
bacteriologic tests to obtain data used in diagnosis and treatment of
patients.
Applies techniques used in fields of bacteriology or m y
cology, parasitology, histopathology, hematology, serology, a llerg y,
and/or chemical, radioactive, or m orphological examinations. Is r e
sponsible for carrying procedures to completion (and a numerical an
sw er). Records laboratory test results (but does not prepare diag
nostic reports). May prepare tissues fo r m icroscopic pathological
X -R A Y TECH NICIAN
Takes X -ra y photographs of various portions of body to assist
physician in detection of foreign bodies and diagnoses of diseases and
injuries, and/or assists in treating diseased or affected areas under
supervision of radiologist. P repares patient fo r roentgenographic e x
amination, fluoroscopy or therapy requested by the physician, p e r
form ing such duties as poistioning patient, and administering chemical
mixtures to increase opaqueness of organs. Sets up and operates
stationary and mobile X -ra y equipment.
Develops exposed film or
supervises its development by darkroom helper. Prepares and main
tains records or supervises their preparation by cle ric a l helpers.
May maintain equipment in efficien t operating condition, including c o r
rection of minor faults, and may clean apparatus. May perform duties
in other departments, such as physical therapy, basal metabolism,
and electrocardiography. May, under radiologist* s direction, instruct
nurses, interns, and students in X -ra y techniques.
Data for chief
X -ra y technicians in hospitals where m ore than one X -ray technician
is employed are presented separately.
22
O
f f ic e
BILLER , MACHINE 2
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR
A worker who prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a
machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also
keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other
clerical work incidental to billing operations.
A worker who operates a single- or multiple-position telephone
switchboard.
Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intra
hospital or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages.
May give information to persons who call in. For workers who also
act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist.
CLERK, PAY R O LL
A worker who computes wages of company employees and
enters the necessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Cal
culating worker* s earnings based on time or production records; post
ing calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as
worker* s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance,
and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster
in making up and distributing pay envelopes.
May use a calculating
machine.
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST
A worker who in addition to performing duties of operator,
on a single position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist
and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular
duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this
worker* s time while at switchboard.
STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL
A worker whose primary duty is to take dictation from one
or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar ma
chine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as
reports on scientific research, and to transcribe this dictation on a
typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and
keep files in order, keep simple records, etc.
Does not include
transcribing-machine work.
Other
TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, TECHNICAL
A worker whose primary duty is to transcribe dictation involv
ing a technical vocabulary from transcribing-machine records.
May
also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. A worker
who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine
is classified as a stenographer.
Nonprofessional
CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE 2
DISHWASHER, MACHINE
A worker who performs the carpentry duties necessary to
construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment
such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors,
stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in a hospital.
Work in
volves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from
blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety
of carpenter* s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measur
ing instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimen
sions of work; selecting materials necessary for the work. In general,
the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and
experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva
lent training and experience.
A worker who operates a dishwashing machine and performs
most of the following duties: Cleans dishes, glassware, and silverware
by machine. Receives tableware from dining room and/or patients*
rooms, or stacks tableware for transporting to dishwasher. Scrapes
food from dishes. Transports cleaned and dried ware to proper places
May also clean working area, steam tables, and kitchen equipment,
arrange dining tables and chairs, polish fixtures, and perform other
duties. May remove garbage from dishwashing area.
2
These occupations were studied only
Buffalo, N. Y. , Portland, Oreg. , and St. Louis, Mo.
in
ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE
A worker who performs a variety of electrical trade functions
such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the
generating,
distribution, or utilization of electric energy in a hos
Baltimore, Md.
,
pital.
Work involves most of the following:
Installing or repairing
23
ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE - Continued
FINISHER, FLATWORK, MACHINE
any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, trans
form ers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating
units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment* working from
blueprints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and di
agnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working stand
ard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical
equipment; using a variety of electrician1s handtools and measuring
and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance
electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired
through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
A worker who performs flatwork finishing operations by ma
chine. Work involves one or more of the following; Shaking out the
creases in semi dry washing to prepare it for the flatwork ironing
machine; feeding clean, damp flatwork pieces into the flatwork ironing
machine by placing the articles on the feeder rollers; catching or
receiving articles as they emerge from the machine and partially
folding them.
ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER 3
A worker who operates a passenger elevator.
Supplies
information to passengers regarding location of wards and offices.
Assists patients in and out of elevator and may push in wheelchairs
and carriages to or from elevator. May move freight in and out of
elevator. May distribute mail.
ENGINEER, STATIONARY
A worker who operates and maintains and may also super
vise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or
electrical) to supply the hospital in which employed with power,
heat, refrigeration, or air conditioning. Work involves; Operating
and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors,
generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment,
steam boilers, and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs;
keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel
consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief
engineers in hospitals employing more than one engineer are excluded.
EXTRACTOR OPERATO R4
A worker who removes surplus moisture from materials (such
as wet cloth, clothing, knit goods, and yarn) by operating a centrifugal
extractor.
Work involves most of the following: Loading material
into perforated drum of machine by hand or hoist; closing lid and
starting machine, allowing it to run a predetermined time or until
fluid stops flowing from drain; removing partly dried materials; hand
trucking materials within the department. May assist the washer in
loading, operating, or unloading the washing machine.
HOUSEKEEPER, CHIEF
A worker who is charged with the responsibility for house
keeping activities, which include maintenance of clean and sanitary
conditions in all areas of the hospital except for engineering and die
tetic areas; conduct of' studies for better housekeeping products and
equipment. In this capacity, the housekeeper formulates and imple
ments procedures for effective utilization of housekeeping personnel,
supplies, and equipment; sets standards for cleaning, sanitation, and
preservation of floor and wall surfaces; conducts continuing program
to improve housekeeping techniques and practices; makes budget esti
mates; schedules activities and makes inspection to determine whether
established standards of sanitation and cleanliness are being met. Su
pervises housekeeping personnel, including conduct of in-service train
ing, interviewing and final selection of personnel, recommending pro
motions and discharge of employees. May give advice to management
on selection of color scheme, type of draperies, rugs, upholstery,
and furniture to be used when needed for replacement.
KITCHEN HELPER
A worker who performs one or more of the following unskilled
kitchen duties: Cleans worktables, meat blocks, refrigerator, and
grease trays; sweeps and mops kitchen floors, obtains and distributes
supplies and utensils; watches and stirs cooking foods to prevent burn
ing. Carries dirty utensils to be washed and returns cleaned utensils
and polished silver to proper place in kitchen. Cleans pots and kitchen
utensils. Carries out garbage. Delivers food trays to floor diet
kitchens and collects dirty dishes from trays. Assists in setting up
trays.
Dishes up food. Cuts, peels, and washes fruits and vege
tables. Makes toast and beverages. Workers who work with patients
in mental hospitals or who perform tasks such as making salad dress ing or soup stock; preparing special beverages such as eggnogs or
milk shakes; cooking or frying eggs; weighing, measuring, and mixing
ingredients for bakery products, etc., are excluded.
MAID OR PORTER
3 These
occupations were studied only in Baltimore, Md. ,
Buffalo, N. Y ., and St. Louis, Mo.
4 These occupations were studied only in Baltimore, Md. ,
Buffalo, N, Y. , Portland, Oreg. , and St. Louis, Mo.
A worker who cleans and services hospital premises: P e r
forms one or more of the following duties: Cleans, mops, and waxes
floors. Dusts furniture and equipment. Cleans window sills, empties
24
MAID OR PORTER - Continued
NURSING AIDE - Continued
trash baskets, and arranges furniture and equipment in an orderlyfashion. Scours and polishes bathtubs, sinks, m irrors, and similar
equipment, replenishing supplies of soap and towels. Polishes brass
and cleans and polishes glass panels in doors and partitions. Keeps
utility storage rooms in good order by cleaning lockers and equipment,
arranging supplies, and sweeping and mopping floor.
Perform s a
variety of related duties. May be assigned to specific areas, such
as wards, offices, or surgery. Those workers who work with patients
in mental hospitals are excluded.
ments and equipment. May clean rooms or equipment upon discharge
of patients. Makes occupied beds. May take and record tempera
ture, pulse, and respiration rate. May escort newly admitted patients
from admitting office to hospital room or ward. May or may not be
licensed. May be called orderly and may transport and arrange port
able X -ray, oxygen, or heavy equipment. In mental hospitals or psy
chiatric units will have very limited responsibility for participation
in care of patients, being limited to physical care rather than social
izing and will work under close supervision.
MEDICAL LABORATORY ASSISTANT8
PRACTICAL NURSE
A worker who assists one or more medical technologists or
workers of equivalent status by performing one or more of the following
duties: Preparing, under instruction, sterile media for use in grow
ing cultures (does not identify bacteria); sorting bacterial cultures
prior to examination by medical technologists; preparing solutions, noncritical reagents (i.e . , those not requiring a high degree of accuracy—
such as salt solutions or dye solutions), or stains, following standard
laboratory formulas and procedures. May clean and sterilize labora
tory equipment, glassware, and instruments. May do charting under
supervision. May collect some types of specimens from patients.
Does not perform tests.
A person who, under supervision of a prdfessional nurse,
performs selected and delegated nursing tasks in care of patients.
Perform s three or more of the following duties: Measures and ad
ministers simple medications as directed; applies simple dressings;
administers enemas, douches, perineal care, and other treatments as
directed; reports general observation of patients* condition; sets up
treatment trays; keeps under constant surveillance patients recovering
from anesthesia or receiving prolonged intravenous or subcutaneous
injections, notifying professional nurse of unusual reactions; takes and
records temperature, pulse, and respiration. In a mental hospital,
may be called a psychiatric aide or attendant and may have duties
such as socializing and custodial functions peculiar to mental hospitals.
Some workers called orderlies may perform these duties and are in
cluded. May be licensed and may also perform duties of a nursing
aide. Those regularly supervising other practical nurses or nursing
aides and those supervising units to which no professional nurses are
assigned are excluded.
NURSING AIDE
A worker who assists the nursing staff by performing routine
duties in the care of hospital patients. Perform s several of the follow
ing patient care services: Bathes bed patients or assists them in
bathing. Cares for patients* hair and nails. Feeds or assists patients
to eat and brings patients between-meal nourishment. Assists patients
with bedpans and urinals. Keeps records of patients* food intake and
output when ordered.
Assists patients in undressing and provides
hospital clothing, storing patients* clothing and valuables. Assists
patients in walking and transports patients to various hospital rooms
by means of wheelchair or stretcher. Cleans and sterilizes instru5
These occupations were
Buffalo, N. Y. , and St. Louis, Mo.
studied
only
in
WASHER, MACHINE
A worker who operates one or more washing machines to wash
hospital
linens, garments, curtains, draperies, and other articles.
Work involves the following: Manipulating valves, switches, and levers
to start and stop the machine and to control the amount and tempera
ture of water for the sudsing and rinsing of each batch; mixing and
adding soap, bluing and bleaching solutions; loading and unloading the
Baltimore, Md.
,
washing
machine, if not done by loaders or unloaders (pullers). May
make minor repairs to washing machine.
^ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1957 0 — 428543
@FedFRASER