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X- 3 , * » Day ton « Montgomery Co. Public Library NOV 2 9 1955 DOCUMENT INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY HOSIERY Part I. Women’s Part II. Men’s Part III. Children’s SEPTEM BER -O CTO BER 1964 B u lle tin N o. 1 4 5 6 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY HOSIERY Part I: W om en’s Part II: Men’s Part III: Children’s SEPTEM BER-OCTOBER 1964 B u lletin N o. 1 4 5 6 September 1965 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary p r ' BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 45 cents P reface T h is b u lle tin s u m m a r i z e s the r e s u l t s of a B u re a u of L a b o r S t a tis tic s s u r v e y of w a g e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e fits in the h o s i e r y m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr y in S e p t e m b e r — O c t o b e r 1964. I n fo r m a t io n is r e p o r t e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r th r e e m a j o r p r o d u c t b r a n c h e s : W o m e n ' s , m e n ’ s, and c h i l d r e n 's h osiery . S e p a ra te r e l e a s e s w e r e is s u e d e a r l i e r , u s u a lly with in a fe w m on th s of the p a y r o l l p e r i o d studied, as fo llo w s: W o m e n 's h o s ie r y m ills N o rth C a r o lin a T ennes se e H i c k o r y — t a t e s v i lle , N. C. S W in ston -S alem — High P oin t, N. C. M e n 's h o s i e r y m i l l s N o rth C a r o lin a Tennes see H i c k o r y - S t a t e s v i l l e , N. C. W in ston -S alem — High P oin t, N.C. C h i l d r e n 's h o s i e r y m i l l s N o rth C a r o lin a Tennessee W in ston -S alem — High P oin t, N.C. C o p i e s of th e se r e l e a s e s a r e a v a ila b le f r o m the B u re a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t ic s , W ashington, D. C., Z0Z1Z, or any of its r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s . T h is study w a s c o n d u c t e d in the B u r e a u 's D i v i s i o n of O c c u p a t i o n a l P a y , T o i v o P. Kanninen, C hief, under the g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n of L. R. L i n s e n m a y e r , A s s is t a n t C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r W a g e s and In d u stria l R e la t i o n s . The a n a l y s i s w a s p r e p a r e d b y G e o r g e L. S tellu to, under the im m e d ia t e s u p e r v i s i o n o f L. E a r l L e w i s . F ie ld w ork for the s u r v e y w a s d i r e c t e d b y the A s s is t a n t R e g i o n a l D i r e c t o r s f o r W a g e s and In d u stria l R e la tio n s . Other r e p o r t s a v a ila b le f r o m the B u r e a u 's p r o g r a m of in d u s tr y w a g e s tu d ie s, as w e l l as the a d d r e s s e s o f the B u r e a u 's s ix r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s a r e l i s t e d at the end of this b u lletin . iii Contents Page S u m m a r y __________________________________________________________________________________ In d u str y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ________________________________________________________________ In d u s tr y b r a n c h e s ____________________________________________________________________ L o c a t i o n _______________________________________________________________________________ E s t a b l i s h m e n t s i z e __________________________________________________________________ U n i o n iz a t io n and m e t h o d of w a g e p a y m e n t -----------------------------------------------------------S e x _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 T a ble: 1. E a r n in g s d i s t r i b u t i o n ________________________________ 5 P a r t I. W o m e n 's H o s i e r y M i l l s _______________________________________________________ A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s ____________________________________________________________ O c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s _______________________________________________________________ E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s ------------------------S c h e d u le d w e e k l y h o u r s and shift p r a c t i c e s __________________________________ P a i d h o l i d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P a i d v a c a t i o n s ____________________________________________________________________ Health, i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p l a n s _________________________________________ N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s __________________________________________________________ 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 T a b le s: 2. 3. A ll h o s ie r y m ills : A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s b y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s -----------------------------E a r n i n g s d i s t r i b u t i o n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 11 O ccu pation al a v e r a g e s : 4. A l l m i l l s ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. B y s i z e o f c o m m u n i t y ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. B y s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t _______________________________________________________ 7. B y m e t h o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t ___________________________________________________ 12 13 14 15 O ccu p a tion a l e a rn in g s: 8. N o r t h C a r o l i n a -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. T e n n e s s e e _________________________________________________________________________ 10. H i c k o r y — t a t e s v i l l e , N . C -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------S 11. W i n s t o n - S a l e m — i g h P o i n t , N . C --------------------------------------------------------------------H 16 18 19 20 E s t a b li s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s : 12. S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l p r o v i s i o n s ___________________________________________________ 14. S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l p r a c t i c e s _____________________________________________________ 15. P a i d h o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16. P a i d v a c a t i o n s -----------------------------------------------------------17. H e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , a n d p e n s i o n p l a n s ----------------------------------------------------------18. N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s __________________________________________________________ 21 22 23 24 25 27 28 y Contents— Continued Page P a r t II. M e n ' s H o s i e r y M i l l s _____________________________________________________________ A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s ________________________________________________________________ O c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s ___________________________________________________________________ E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a n d s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s __________________ S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s a n d s h i f t p r a c t i c e s ____________________________________ P a i d h o l i d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P a i d v a c a t i o n s ________________________________________________________________________ H e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , a n d p e n s i o n p l a n s ____________________________________________ N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s ______________________________________________________________ T ables: 19. 20. 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics_________________ Earnings distribution_____________________________________________________ 31 32 Occupational averages: 21. All m i ll s ___________________________________________________________________ 22. By size of community____________________________________________________ 23. By size of establishm ent--------------------------------------------------------------------------24. By method of wage payment---------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 34 35 36 Occupational earnings: 25. North Carolina____________________________________________________________ 26. T en nessee---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27. Hickory— Statesville, N .C --------------------------------------------------------------------------28. Winston-Salem— High Point, N .C _________________________________________ 37 38 39 40 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: 29. Scheduled weekly hours-----------------------------------------------------------------------------30. Shift differential p rovisions---------------------------------------------------------------------31. Shift differential practices------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41 42 43 32. P a i d h o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 33. 34. 35. Paid vacations_____________________________________________________________ Health, insurance, and pension plan s__________________________________ Nonproduction bonuses____________________________________________ 45 47 48 Part III. Children's Hosiery M ills ._______________________________________________ Average hourly earnings--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Occupational earnings------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions________________ Scheduled weekly hours and shift p ra ctices------------------------------------------------Paid holidays__________________________________________________________________ Paid vacations-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Health, insurance, and pension plans----------------------------------------------------------Nonproduction bonuses------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 49 49 49 49 50 50 50 50 50 T ab les: 36. 37. 51 51 Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics_________________ Earnings distribution____________________________________________________ vi Contents--- Continued Pag« T a b l e s ---- C o n t i n u e d Occupational averages: 38. All m i ll s ___________________________________________________________________ 39. By size of community____________________________________________________ 40. By size of establishm ent--------------------------------------------------------------------------41. By method of wage payment---------------------------------------------------------------------- 52 53 54 55 Occupational earnings: 42. North Carolina-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43. T en nessee______ 44. Winston-Salem— High Point, N. C -------------------------------------------------------------- 56 57 58 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: 45. Scheduled weekly hours___________________________________________________ 46. Shift differential p rovisions______________________________________________ 47. Shift differential practices________________________________________________ 48. Paid holidays----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------49. Paid vacations_____________________________________________________________ 50. Health, insurance, and pension p lan s__________________________________ 51. Nonproduction bonuses___________________________________________________ 59 60 60 61 62 63 64 Appendixes: A. Scope and method of survey--------------------------------------------------------------------------B. Occupational descriptions___________________________________________________ 65 69 vii Industry W age Survey Hosiery, September—October 1964 Summary Straight-time earnings of the 82, 912 production workers in hosiery mills covered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics survey averaged $ 1.55 an hour in September— October 1964 (table l ) . 1 Women, accounting for three-fourths of the production workers, averaged $ 1 .4 9 , compared with $ 1 .7 3 for men. Earnings of all but 3 percent of the workers were within a range of $ 1 .2 5 to $ 2 .5 0 .2 Nearly a fourth of the workers earned $ 1.25 but less than $ 1.3 0 and more than half earned less than $ 1.50. Workers in m ills prim arily engaged in the manufacture of women’ s hosiery accounted for slightly more than half of the industry’ s work force and averaged $ 1 .6 2 an hour. Hourly earnings in men's and children's hosiery m ills averaged $ 1.47 and $ 1.46, respectively. Three-fourths of the workers or more in each of these three industry branches were employed in the Southeast region3 (primarily in North Carolina and Tennessee) with most of the remainder in the Middle Atlantic region. Within the industry branches, earnings varied by loca tion, community and establishment size, and occupation. Toe loopers, virtually all women and numerically the largest of the occupations studied separately, averaged $ 1 .6 9 in women's, $ 1 .4 5 in m en's, and $ 1.40 in children's hosiery m ills. Averaging $ 1.90 or more an hour in each industry branch, knitting machine adjusters and fixers, all men, were among the highest paid of the selected occupations. A majority of the production workers in each industry branch were in establishments providing paid vacations and various types of insurance benefits. Such benefits were generally more liberal for office workers than for production workers. 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. The straight-time average hourly earnings (excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts) presented in this bulletin are not comparable with the gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau's monthly hours and earnings series. The monthly series provides data separately for full-fashioned and seamless hosiery mills, whereas data in this bulletin are presented for all hosiery mills and separately for: Women's, including full-fashioned and seamless hosiery mills; men's seamless hosiery mills; and children's seamless hosiery (including women's anklets and socks) mills. The estimates of the number of workers within scope of the survey are intended only as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. They differ from those published in the monthly series (89 .1 thousand production workers in October 1964— 11. 6 thousand in full-fashioned and 77. 5 thousand in seamless hosiery mills) by the exclusion of establishments employing less than 20 woikers and because the advance planning necessary to make the survey requires the use of lists of establishments assembled considerably in advance of data collection. Thus, establishments new to the industry are omitted, as are establishments originally classified in the hosiery industry, but found to be in other industries at the time of the survey. Also omitted are establishments manufacturing hosiery, but classified in error in other industries at the time the lists were com piled. 2 In September-October 1964, the Federal minimum wage for manufacturing establishments engaged in interstate com m erce was $1.25 an hour. Workers certified as learners or handicapped may be paid less than this legal minimum. 3 See table in appendix A for definition of regions and areas. 1 2 Industry Characteristics Hosiery m ills within scope of the survey employed an estimated 82, 912 production and related workers in September— October 1964, a decrease of about 5 percent from February 1962 when the Bureau conducted a similar survey of the industry.4 Despite this decline in employment, the amount of hosiery pro duced in 1964 was nearly 10 percent greater than in 1962.5 Contributing to this increase in production were new and improved methods of manufacturing (e.g., replacement of toe looping by better methods of toe seaming and the increased use of the collection system in the manufacture of women's seam less hosiery), and the continued shift in production from women's full-fashioned to seam less hosiery. Industry Branches. M ills prim arily engaged in manufacturing women's hosiery employed 53 percent of the industry's work force in September— October 1964, approximately the same proportion as in February 1962. Twenty-six percent of the workers were in m ills prim arily manufacturing m en's hosiery, and 21 percent were in m ills whose major product was children's hosiery. The production of women's hosiery was largely confined to m ills manufacturing no other type of hosiery. Several m ills, however, manufactured both m en's and children’ s hosiery. For example, nearly two-thirds of the workers in the men's hosiery branch were in m ills also manufacturing children's hosiery or women's anklets and socks, and a fifth of the workers in the children's hosiery branch were in m ills whose second most important product was men's hosiery. Within the women's branch of the industry, the importance of fullfashioned hosiery has continued to decline for the past several years. In 1952, seven-eighths of the women's full- and knee-length hosiery were produced on full-fashioned knitting machines. In 1962, the proportion had dropped to about a fourth, and in 1964 seam less hosiery (produced on circular knitting machines) accounted for more than nine-tenths of the total production of women's h osiery.6 Nylon was the predominant type of yarn used by virtually all of the women's hosiery m ills; cotton was the principal type of yarn used by the majority of the m ills in the other two branches of the industry. Integrated m ills— those engaged in knitting, dyeing, and finishing— accounted for nearly half of the employment in the women's hosiery branch, seven-tenths in the men's branch, and four-fifths in the children's branch. Knit ting m ills which neither dyed nor finished hosiery employed nearly three-tenths of the workers in the women's hosiery branch and approximately a tenth in the other two branches. The remainder of the workers were in comm ercial m ills specializing in dyeing and finishing or performing such combination work as knitting and finishing. M ills which process materials owned by others (contrac tors) employed only 3 percent of the workers in the women's and m en's branches; all other workers were in m ills which purchase m aterials, produce articles in the establishment, and sell the finished products (manufacturers). 4 For an account of the earlier survey, see Industry Wage Survey: Hosiery, February 1962 (BLS Bulletin 1349, 1962). 5 Source: Hosiery Statistics, 1964, National Association of Hosiery Manufacturers, Charlotte, N. C. (1965). 6 Ibid. 3 Location. The Southeast region accounted for 85 percent of the pro duction workers covered by the study: 85 percent in the women's branch, 76 percent in the m en's branch, and 96 percent in the children's branch. Employ ment in this region was concentrated largely in North Carolina and Tennessee. The Middle Atlantic region had about a tenth of the workers in both the women's and m en's branches of the industry, but none of the m ills visited in this region were classified in the children's branch. None of the other regions accounted for as much as 6 percent of the work force in any of the three industry branches. Metropolitan areas 7 accounted for a third of the work force in the women’ s and m en's hosiery branches and a fifth in the children's branch. In the Southeast region, a large majority of the workers were in sm aller commu nities, but in the Middle Atlantic region most workers were in metropolitan areas. Establishment Size. M ills with Z50 workers or more accounted for two-thirds of the workers in women's hosiery m ills and a little over two-fifths in both m en's and children's hosiery m ills. Median m ill employment sizes were 83 in women's, 73 in m en's, and 66 in children's hosiery m ills. As the following tabulation indicates, larger m ills employed a greater proportion of the workers in metropolitan than in nonmetropolitan areas in the men's and children's branches. This relationship was reversed, however, in the women's branch. . ________ Percent o f production workers in— _____________ _ Women's hosiery ______ mills_______ Men's hosiery _______mills_______ Metro p oli tan areas Nonmetro poli tan areas A ll m ills----------------------- --------- 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mills with— Less than 250 workers------- ............. 250 workers or more--------- ----------- 39 61 30 70 40 60 62 38 27 73 64 36 Size of m ill Metro p oli tan areas Nonmetro poli tan areas Children's hosiery ______ mills Metro poli tan areas Nonmetro poli tan areas Unionization and Method of W age Payment. M ills operating unde: term s of labor-management agreements employed slightly more than 5 percent of the workers in the women's and children's hosiery branches and nearly 10 percent of those in the men's branch of the industry. Most of these agreements were with the American Federation of Hosiery Workers which, subsequent to the study, merged with the Textile Workers Union of Am erica. Incentive systems of wage payment (virtually always individual piece rates) applied to seven-tenths of the production workers in the women's and children's branches of the industry and to a slightly sm aller proportion of the 7 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, as defined by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget in 1961. 4 workers in m ills manufacturing m en’ s hosiery. As indicated in the following tabulation, wage rates for workers paid on a time basis were usually determined in relation to the qualifications of the individual, although several of the women’ s hosiery m ills reported form al rate structures: Percent of production workers in— Women's hosiery mills Men's hosiery mills Children's hosiery mills A ll workers--------------------------------- 100 100 100 Incentive w orkers----------------------------Individual p ie c e ---------------------------Group p ie c e ---------------------------------Individual bonus---------------------------Group bonus----------------------------------- 70 68 64 63 1 1 72 71 T imeworkers-------------------------------------Individual determination--------------Formal rate structure--------------------Single rate------------------------------Range of rates-------------------------- 30 17 13 3 9 Method o f wage payment * ( 2) 2 ( 2) 0 ( 2) - 36 30 6 1 5 28 24 5 2 3 1 See appendix A for definitions of method of wage payment. 2 Less than 0. 5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums o f individual items may not equal totals. Among the occupations studied separately, more than nine-tenths of the knitting machine adjusters and fixers were paid time rates, whereas the large majority of the workers in most other jobs were paid on an incentive basis. Sex. Women, comprising approximately three-fourths of the work force in each industry branch, accounted for all or a large m ajority of the workers in such jobs as: Exam iners, folders and boxers, toe loopers, pairers, and seam ers, and most knitting occupations in the m en’ s and children's branches. Both men and women were employed in substantial proportions as operators of machines knitting women's seam less hosiery and as collection-system inspectors and operators. Men, on the other hand, accounted for all of the knitting machine adjusters and fixers and virtually all of the operators of machines knitting full-fashioned hosiery. Table 1. All Hosiery Mills: Earnings Distribution (P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , U n ited S ta te s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O U n ited S ta tes 2 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 U n d e r $1. 25 A ll w ork ers 1. 5 W om en 1. 8 M en 0. 3 M id d le A tla n tic 0. 1 B order S ta tes 1. 7 S o u th ea st 1. 6 S i. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 S i. 40 $ 1 .4 5 and and an d an d and under under under under under $1. $1. $1. $1. $1. 30.. 35 _ . . _ .... 40_ _ . .. 45 50____________________________ 23. 8. 8. 6. 5. 8 9 0 9 7 27. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5 4 6 2 3 12. 7. 6. 5. 4. 1 4 3 9 0 23. 5. 7. 5. 4. 7 3 0 5 9 26. 12. 8. 6. 7. 8 8 0 6 0 24. 9. 8. 6. 5. 0 1 1 9 7 $1. 50 $1. 60 $ 1 .7 0 $1. 80 S i. 90 an d an d an d an d and under u n d er under under under $1. $1. $1. $1. $2. 60 70 80 90_ 00 10. 8. 6. 5. 3. 6 6 4 0 7 11. 8. 6. 4. 2. 2 8 1 3 9 8. 8. 7. 7. 6. 8 0 4 3 0 10. 9. 6. 6. 4. 3 2 6 2 6 10. 7. 4. 4. 3. 6 6 6 2 3 10. 8. 6. 5. 3. 5 6 5 0 7 $2. $2. $2. $2. $2. an d an d an d an d and u n d er under under under under $2. $2. $2. $2. $2. 10 _ . 20 ... 30 ...................... 40 ............ . 50 .... 3. 2. 2. 1. . 1 4 0 4 6 1 .9 1 .4 .9 . 6 .4 6. 5. 5. 3. 1. 7 4 4 7 2 3. 2. 2. 2. 1. 4 6 8 6 4 3. 1. . . . 8 2 6 6 1 3. 2. 2. 1. . 0 4 0 3 6 00 10 20 30 40 . . $2. 50 a n d o v e r _____________________________________ 1. 5 . 6 4. 2 3. 9 . 5 1. 2 T o t a l __________________________________________ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 N u m ber o f w o rk e r s ....... . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1________________________ 8 2, 9 1 2 $1. 55 63, 025 $1. 49 1 9 ,8 8 7 $1. 73 6, 699 $1. 63 2, 212 $1. 49 7 0 ,4 4 0 $1. 54 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . In c lu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . F o r d e fin it io n o f r e g io n s (o r a r e a s ) s e e ta b le in a p p e n d ix A . NOTE: B e c a u s e N f ro u n d in g , o show n in th is o r su b se q u e n t t a b le s , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n ot eq u a l 100. 01 Part I. W om en’s Hosiery Mills Average Hourly Earnings Earnings of the 44, 325 production workers in m ills prim arily engaged in manufacturing women* s full- and knee-length hosiery averaged $ 1 . 6 2 an hour in September— October 1964 (table 2). Workers in the Southeast region, com prising nearly seven-eighths of the labor force, averaged $ 1 . 6 3 an hour, com pared with $ 1 . 6 7 in the Middle Atlantic region. Separate data are presented for North Carolina and Tennessee, together accounting for nearly seven-eighths of the employment in the Southeast region, and for two important hosiery pro ducing centers in North Carolina (tables 8—11). Production workers in Tennessee, averaged $ 1 . 5 6 an hour— 9 cents below the average for North Carolina ( $1. 65) ; averages in Hickory— Statesville and Winston-Salem— High Point were $ 1 . 5 5 and $ 1 . 7 4 , respectively. The nationwide average for production workers in September— October 1964 ($1. 62) was 5 percent above the average recorded in February 1962 ($1. 55). 8 Increases over the same period amounted to 3 percent in the Middle Atlantic region and 5 percent in the Southeast region. The 34, 068 women in this industry branch averaged $ 1 . 5 6 an hour in September— October 1964 compared with $ 1 . 8 4 for the 10, 257 men. Averages for men exceeded those for women by 24 percent in the Middle Atlantic region and by 17 percent in the Southeast. 9 In the Southeast region, workers in metropolitan areas averaged 15 cents an hour more than those in nonmetropolitan areas; workers in m ills with 250 workers or more averaged 13 cents more than those in the two sm aller m ill-siz e groups (100— 249 workers and 20— 99 workers). The foregoing comparisons of production w orkers’ earnings do not, of course, isolate the influence of each factor as a determinant of wages. An interrelationship of some of these variables has been suggested in the discussion of industry characteristics. Earnings of all but about 4 percent of the production workers ranged from $ 1. 25 to $ 2. 50 an hour (table 3). At the lower end of the earnings array, about a fifth of the workers earned less than $ 1 . 3 0 ; a third, less than $ 1 . 4 0 ; and nearly half, less than $ 1. 50. Nearly a fourth of the workers in the Middle Atlantic region and about a sixth in the Southeast earned between $ 1. 25 and $ 1. 30 an hour. Contributing to the dispersion of earnings in this industry branch were such factors as differences in m ill pay levels among and within regions and areas, the extensive use of incentive wage system s, and the range of skill r e quirements in the industry. ® Op. c i t . , BLS Bulletin 1349, Pt. I. Differences in average pay levels for men and women may be the result of several factors, including variations in the distribution of the sexes among establishments and, as pointed out in the discussion o f industry characteristics, among jobs with disparate pay levels. Differences noted in averages for men and women in the same job and area may reflect minor differences in duties. Job descriptions used in classifying workers in wage surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual establishments because allowance must be made for possible minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed. Earnings for some jobs in the industry are largely determined by production at piece rates. Variation in incentive earnings for individuals or sex groupings may be traceable to differences in work experience, work flow , or other factors which the worker may or may not control. 7 8 Occupational Earnings The occupational classifications for which average straight-time hourlyearnings are presented in table 4 accounted for about seven-tenths of the pro duction workers in the women's hosiery branch. Nationwide averages for these jobs ranged from $ 1 . 4 7 an hour for boxers (all women) to $ 2 . 1 7 for knitting machine adjusters and fixers and for full-fashioned hosiery knitters— two jobs almost entirely staffed by men. Seam less hosiery knitters averaged $ 1 . 5 8 an hour on single-feed machines and $ 1 . 5 4 on two-feed machines— 10 and 13 cents an hour, respectively, lower than the averages recorded in the Bureau's February 1962 survey. Much of this decrease is traceable to the replacement of seam less hosiery knitters— particularly in the larger and higher paying m ills— by the use of the collection system . In Winston-Salem— High Point, for example, the 1962 survey recorded 473 men seam less hosiery knitters, single-feed, averaging $ 2. 09 an hour; by 1964, the number of men in the job was reduced to fewer than 30. Although no men collection-system inspectors were found in the area in 1962, the current survey shows 515 men in the job (table 11), with average hourly earnings of $ 2. 20 an hour. Occupational earnings were tabulated by region, selected States and areas, community and establishment size, and method of wage payment. In the Southeast (the only region where data could be compared by community and m ill size), occupational averages were generally higher in metropolitan areas than in sm aller communities (table 5)* With a few exceptions, occupational averages were higher in m ills with 250 workers or more than in sm aller m ills (table 6). There was no consistent pattern in occupational earnings levels by method of wage payment, among the few jobs for which data are presented for both time and incentive workers in the Southeast (table 7). Earnings of individual workers varied considerably within the same job and area (see, for example, tables 10 and 11, pertaining to two areas). For some jobs, particularly those typically paid under incentive system s, there was con siderable earnings dispersion even in the same establishment. In many instances, the difference between the highest and lowest paid worker in the same establish ment and job exceeded 50 cents an hour. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information was also obtained on work schedules, shift provisions and practices, and selected supplementary benefits including paid holidays and vaca tions, retirement pension plans, life insurance, sickness and accident insurance, hospitalization, and surgical benefits. Scheduled Weekly Hours and Shift P ractices. Work schedules of 40 hours a week were in effect in establishments employing nearly seven-eighths of the production workers and three-fourths of the office workers (table 12). Nearly all production workers were in establishments having provisions for extra shifts (table 13). Slightly more than a fifth of the workers were employed on late shifts during the survey (table 14). Shift differential payments, however, were not common. Paid Holidays. Paid holidays (most frequently 5 annually) were pro vided by establishments accounting for a third of the production workers and nearly nine-tenths of the office workers (table 15). 9 Paid Vacations. Paid vacations, after qualifying periods of service, were provided by establishments employing about four-fifths of the production workers and nearly all of the office workers (table 16). Production workers in the Southeast region most commonly were eligible for 1 week of vacation pay after 1 year of service and 2 weeks after 5 years; most workers in the Middle Atlantic region were provided 1 week after 1 year or more of service. Vacation provisions for office workers were more liberal than those for production w orkers. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans. Life, hospitalization, and sur gical insurance, for which employers paid at least part of the cost, were availa ble to four-fifths or more of the production and office workers (table 17). Both groups were also frequently provided accidental death and dismemberment insur ance, sickness and accident insurance, and medical insurance. Catastrophe (major medical) insurance was available to three-tenths of the office workers and to nearly a sixth of the production workers. Sick leave— mostly full pay and no waiting period— was provided to two-fifths of the office workers, but rarely to production workers. Pension plans, providing regular payments for the remainder of the worker's life on retirement (other than benefits available under Federal social security), were found in plants employing about a fifth of both the production and the office workers. Nonproduction Bonuses. Nonproduction bonuses, m ostly Christmas or year end but in some instances profit-sharing plans, were provided by establish ments employing a fourth of the production workers and a fifth of the office workers (table 18). Such bonuses were more prevalent in the Southeast than in the Middle Atlantic region. Table 2. W om en’s Hosiery Mills: Average Hourly Earnings by Selected Characteristics O (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s U n ited Sta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O U n ited S ta tes 2 Item N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s S o u th e a st M id d le A tla n t ic N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork er s A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------W o m e n ____________________________________________ M e n ________________________________________________ 4 4 ,3 2 5 3 4 ,0 6 8 1 0,2 57 $1. 62 1. 56 1. 84 4 , 145 3, 085 1 ,0 6 0 $1. 67 1. 57 1 .9 5 3 7 ,5 5 6 2 8 ,8 7 6 8, 680 $1. 63 1. 56 1. 83 S iz e o f c o m m u n it y : M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s 3------------------------------------------N o n m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s -------------------------------------- 1 4 ,8 7 2 2 9 ,4 5 3 1. 71 1. 58 3, 263 1. 70 1 1 ,0 8 2 2 6 ,4 7 4 1 .7 3 1. 58 S iz e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t : ZO— 99 w o r k e r s ___________________________________ 100—249 w o r k e r s ________________________________ Z50 w o r k e r s o r m o r e __________________________ 7 ,0 2 5 7 ,7 5 5 2 9 ,5 4 5 1. 57 1. 53 1. 66 1 ,9 0 2 - 1. 65 - 4, 371 5 ,9 5 8 2 7 ,2 2 7 1. 53 1. 53 1 .6 6 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t i m e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 I n clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 T h e t e r m " m e t r o p o li t a n a r e a s " a s u s e d in this study r e f e r s to S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s a s d e fin e d b y the U .S . B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t in 1961. NOTE: D a s h e s in d ic a t e no data r e p o r t e d o r data that do n ot m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a . Table 3. W om en’s Hosiery Mills: Earnings Distribution (P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O U n ited S ta tes 2 M id d le A tla n t ic A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 A ll w ork ers U n d e r $ 1 . 2 5 ________________________________________ 0. 2 1. 6 1. 3 S ou th ea st M en W om en 1. 5 - 3 7 0 5 2 21. 7. 7. 6. 5. 1 3 6 9 8 8. 4. 5. 5. 3. 9 5 1 0 1 22. 3. 7. 5. 4. 5 4 1 3 0 17. 6. 6. 6. 5. 8 7 9 4 1 $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $1. $1. $1. $1. $1. 30____________________ _______ 35____________________________ 4 0 ____________________________ 45__....................... ........... ............. 50------------------------------------------- 18. 6. 7. 6. 5. $1. $1. $1. $1. $1. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $1. $1. $1. $1. $2. 60____________________________ 7 0 ____________________________ 80____________________________ 9 0 ------------------- ---------------------00------------------------------------------ 11. 9. 7. 6. 4. 2 9 6 1 6 12. 10. 7. 5. 4. 1 5 9 8 2 8. 8. 6. 6. 5. 0 1 8 9 9 10. 8. 6. 7. 5. 3 7 5 2 5 11. 10. 7. 6. 4. 2 1 8 1 7 $2. $2. $2. $2. $2. 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $2. $2. $2. $2. $2. 10------------------------------------------20------------------------------------------30____________________________ 4 0 ____________________________ 50____________________________ 3. 3. 3. 2. 1. 9 3 0 2 o 2. 2. 1. 1. . 7 2 5 1 7 7. 7. 7. 6. 1. 7 0 9 1 9 3. 2. 3. 3. 1. 7 8 1 5 6 4. 3. 3. 2. . 0 5 1 2 9 2. 4 1. 0 7. 0 4. 8 2. 1 T o t a l__________________________________________ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ________________________________ A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 ________________________ 4 4 ,3 2 5 $1. 62 3 4 ,0 6 8 $1. 56 1 0 ,2 5 7 $1. 84 4 , 145 $1. 67 3 7 ,5 5 6 $1. 63 $2. 50 and o v e r _____________________________________ E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , I n clu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o se sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , h o lid a y s , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u a l 100. and la te s h ift s . Table 4. W omen’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Averages—All Mills 10 (N u m be r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s , United States and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O M id d le At la nt ic United States 2 N u mb er of workers O c c u p a t io n and se x A verage h ou r ly ea rn in gs Knitting: A d j u s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting m a c h in e s 2, 933 76 2, 832 1 ,4 2 8 87 3 555 358 142 216 S e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , f u l l - o r k n e e - l e n g t h ------------- C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s -------------------------------------y j o m pti $2. 17 2. 46 2. 17 1. 83 1. 62 2. 15 1. 66 1 .4 8 1. 79 Knitters, full-fa shion ed h osiery . _ _ ... M°n B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d i n g : B o a r d e r s , au. t om a t i c ____________________ ______________ W o m e n ________________________________________________ B o a r d e r s Dunn in e t h o d _________ ______ _____________ W nmP'n _ ______________ P r e b o a r d e r s . _____ ______ ___ ___ _ ___ _____ __ _______ _ W o m e n _____ _________ ______ ____ __ ____ _____ -_____ — M i sc e l l a n e o u s : B o x e r s (a ll w o m e n ) _________________________________ E x a m i n e r s , g r e y ( h o s i e r y in s p e c t o r s ) (? ^ b ^ \x/omon arid b m e r i t _ ________ F o l d e r s (a ll w o m e n ) ____________________________________ F o l d e r s and b o x e r s (2, 296 w o m e n and 10 m e n ) ----L o o p ^ r ° tO° ( A 1Q7 wnni < rt ^-nH 1 msnl = ^/l^nr1#ir c br,r‘tr^ finish f p 1 w om er b = : 1 .. .. . _ iM^nd^r® g-rpw fpll wn merd P a i r e r s (3 968 w o m e n and 4 m e n ) __________________ S e a m e r s (562 w o m e n and 6 m e n ) ____________________ m ^ t c t o o ( p 11 w om pn ) _____ ____ in di c at e no data r e p o r t e d o r $2. 07 2. 02 2, 550 48 2, 477 1, 381 826 555 358 142 216 $2. 18 2. 38 2. 18 1. 85 1. 64 1. 64 1. 66 1 .4 8 1. 79 461 178 263 2. 16 2. 12 2. 21 _ . _ 17 10 22 90 156 107 - 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 58 50 69 94 71 15 58 51 67 _ . _ _ _ _ 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 54 47 66 55 47 67 105 105 _ _ 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 80 59 93 54 54 50 56 56 63 66 64 92 136 2, 568 841 2, 306 6, 198 1 ,0 1 2 784 3, 972 568 1 ,4 9 8 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , 2 I nc lu de s data fo r r e g i o n s in ad dition to th o se shown s e p a r a t e l y . 3 In cl ud es data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in addition to th o se Dashes 220 . 200 2. 2. 2. 1. 467 176 291 336 305 31 1 ,0 5 3 942 11 1 3, 012 2, 803 209 g r d **rs ^th^r tb^n sntnrnpfir. __ W nm p-n _ __ _______________________ NOTE: A verage h ou r ly ea rn in gs 634 387 247 606 370 236 _______ ___ ____ __ ___ __ K n it t e r s , w o m e n ' s s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , 2 -feed3 _____________________________ W o m e n ____________________________________________ ________________________________ Men 400 n e e d l e s __ ________ ____ ...__ ______ ___ ___ __ __ _ Number of workers 1 ,0 8 3 623 460 56 26 30 938 528 410 474 n e e d l e s __________________________________________ o m e n ________ _______ ___ ____ ___ _____ __ ________ 4fln npprllps Women Average h o u r ly e a rn in gs 668 299 311 19 60 g au g e (3 03 m e n and 8 w o m e n ) ------------------------66 g au ge (15 m e n and 4 w o m e n ) ---------------------------Knitters, w o m e n 's se a m le s s hosiery, 1.47 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 57 56 48 69 62 57 57 59 64 ho l id a y s , South ea st Number of w orkers 2. 14 2. 05 " ' ' 982 570 412 857 483 374 1. 56 1. 50 1. 65 - 1. 46 1. 46 - 484 277 207 464 268 196 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. _ _ _ 186 99 87 1. 88 1. 84 1 .9 3 259 99 284 262 22 805 740 65 2, 761 2, 639 122 43 1. 34 85 1. 56 29 2 325 49 479 168 85 472 146 11 1 1. 62 1. 49 1. 67 1 .6 4 1. 67 1. 58 1. 65 1. 57 1. 83 2, 153 495 2, 073 5 ,4 2 9 7 89 668 3, 259 395 1, 324 1. 57 1. 60 1 .48 1.70 1. 62 1. 56 1. 56 1. 60 1. 63 and late shi fts. shown s e p a r a t e l y . data that do not m e e t p u bl ic a t io n c r i t e r i a . - 1. 58 1. 52 1. 66 55 51 59 55 52 60 1. 81 1. 61 1. 52 1. 53 1. 36 1. 59 1. 59 1. 59 1. 65 1. 63 1. 92 Table 5. W om en’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Averages—By Size o f Community (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h ou r ly e a rn i n gs 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s by s i z e of c o m m u n i t y , United States and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r —O c t o b e r 1964) United States 2 O c c u p a t i o n and s e x M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s Nu m b er of w orkers Average h o u r ly ea rn in gs Mi dd le At lan ti c N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s Number of w orkers A verage h ou r ly e a rn i n g s M e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s Number of w orkers Average h ou r ly e a rn in gs Southeast Metropolitan areas Number of workers Average h o u r ly e a rn i n g s N o n m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s Number of w orkers Average ho ur ly ea rni ngs Women Knitting: C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m i n s p e c t o r s -----------------------C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s ------- ;___________ B o a r d i n g and p r e b o a r d i n g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c ___________________________ B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c -------------------B o a r d e r s , Dunn m e t h o d _______________________ P r e b o a r d e r s _____________________________________ M iscellaneous: B o x e r s _ _________________________________________ E x a m i n e r s , g r e y ( h o s i e r y i n s p e c t o r s ) ------ -F o l d e r s ---------------------- ---------------------------------------F o l d e r s and b o x e r s -------------------------------------------L o o p e r s , t oe _ __ --------------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, fi n i s h - ---------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y __________________________ P a i r e r s _ ________________________________________ S e a m e r s --------------------------------------------------------------S e a m e r s , t o e ____________________________________ 97 13 $ 1. 82 1. 53 776 129 $ 1. 60 1 .47 - - - - - - - 39 127 269 931 1. 1. 1. 1. 73 61 50 80 137 178 673 1, 872 1. 55 1 .4 9 1. 58 1. 56 94 $1.85 87 760 653 635 1, 875 471 230 1,4 6 0 190 418 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 58 64 57 47 84 66 53 64 58 72 49 1 ,8 0 3 188 1, 661 4, 322 541 554 2, 508 372 1, 080 1. 29 1. 55 1 .4 9 1 .4 9 1 .6 2 1. 60 1. 59 1. 52 1. 60 1. 61 38 186 316 49 167 157 49 415 145 96 1. 35 1. 58 1.49 1. 67 1. 65 1. 68 1. 65 1. 70 1. 57 1 .8 5 893 25 2. 48 2. 57 2, 040 51 2. 04 2. 41 148 - 859 229 152 51 2. 2. 2. 2. 48 15 09 29 1 ,9 7 3 422 142 252 2. 2. 2. 2. 03 19 10 22 128 155 107 - 44 20 2. 12 1. 97 416 390 1. 64 1. 65 - 129 129 1. 60 1. 60 118 107 1. 72 1. 75 152 2. 00 57 1.71 87 97 13 $ 1. 82 1. 53 114 155 837 1. 60 1. 55 1. 79 - 729 129 $ 1. 62 1.47 89 148 585 1, 802 1. 64 1 .49 1. 60 1. 56 1. 30 1. 54 1.49 1.49 1. 63 1. 60 1. 59 1. 53 1. 60 1. 61 284 181 971 45 322 1. 64 1. 50 1. 62 1. 58 1 .6 8 36 1, 574 158 1, 582 3, 720 505 487 2, 284 345 1, 002 2. 24 - 745 - 2. 52 - 1, 805 43 2. 04 2. 35 2. 19 2. 14 2. 05 - 731 74 - 2. 53 2. 16 - 1, 746 370 128 238 2. 2. 2. 2. - 574 337 481 - - 1. 66 1. 66 1 .4 5 - Men Knitting: A d j u s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting m a c h i n e s 3— F u l l - f a s h i o n e d h o s i e r y ------------------------------S ea m less h osiery , full- or k n e e - l e n g t h ------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , f u l l - f a s h i o n e d h o s i e r y 3 ___________ 51 g a u g e __ ___________________________________ 60 g a u g e ---------------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n ' s s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , s i n g l e - f e e d 3 ----------------------------------------------------400 n e e d l e s ---------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n ' s s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , 2 - f e e d 3 _________ _____________________________ 400 n e e d l e s ---------------------------------------------------B o a r d i n g and p r e b o a r d i n g : P r e b o a r d e r s -------------------------------------------------------- 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w ee ke nd s, 2 In cl u d es data f o r r e g i o n s in addi tio n to tho se show n se p a r a t el y . 3 In cl ud es data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in addi tion to t h o se NOTE: ho l id a y s, and late shift s. show n s e p a r a t e l y . D a s h e s in d ic a t e no data r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t pu b l ic a t i on c r i t e r i a . - - - - - - 113 113 1. 93 - 1. 52 1. 52 04 17 10 21 390 364 1. 65 1. 66 94 83 1. 67 1. 70 57 1. 72 Table 6. W omen’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Averages—By Size o f Establishment (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e ho ur ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s by s i z e o f e s t a b l is h m e n t , United States and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O United States 2 M i d d le At la nt ic South ea st E s t a b li s h m e n t s ha ving— O c c u p a t i o n and s e x 20—99 w o r k e r s Number of workers Average ho ur ly e arn in gs 100—249 w o r k e r s Number of w orkers Average h ou r ly e a rn in gs 250 w o r k e r s or m o re Average Number of h ou r ly ea rn in gs w orkers 20— 99 w o r k e r s Number of workers Average h o u r ly ea rni ng s 20— 99 w o r k e r s Number of workers Average h o u r ly e a rn i n gs 100—249 w o r k e r s N u m b er of w orkers Average h o u r ly e a rn in gs 250 w o r k e r s or m o re Average N u m b er of h o u r ly workers ea rni ng s W omen Knitting: C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m i n s p e c t o r s _________________ Knitters, w o m e n 's se a m le s s h o s ie ry , ........._ . sinple-feed 3 .......... 400 n e e d l e s Knitters, w o m e n 's se a m le s s h o s ie ry , 2 - f e e d 3______________________ ____________________ 400 n e e d l e s B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d i n g : B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c ______________ B o a r d e r s . Dunn m et ho d ................. . . .. . Preboarders . _ . M iscellaneous: E x a m i n e r s , g r e y ( h o s i e r y i n s p e c t o r s ) _______ F o l d e r s ____________________________________________ F o l d e r s and b o x e r s ______________________________ L o o p e r s , t o e _____________________________________ M e n d e r s , hand, f i n is h _________________________________ M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y _________ _________________ P a i r e r s ______________________________________________________ S e a m e r s _____________________________________________________ S e a m e r s , t o e _____________________________________ 93 $ 1. 4 9 154 $1. 56 626 $1. 65 - - 54 $1. 65 146 $1. 57 626 $1. 65 159 82 1. 34 1. 34 51 51 1. 59 1. 59 413 395 1. 55 1. 54 _ - _ - 143 74 1. 32 1. 33 45 45 1. 56 1. 56 382 364 1. 56 1. 55 195 178 1. 37 1. 37 82 82 1. 50 1. 50 110 110 1. 61 1. 61 _ _ _ _ 85 76 1. 40 1. 40 82 82 1. 50 1. 50 110 110 1. 61 1. 61 90 121 185 1. 53 1. 48 1. 50 76 236 631 1. 52 1. 43 1. 52 139 585 1,987 1. 56 1. 62 1. 69 34 - $1. 80 72 128 1. 53 1. 44 71 524 1. 45 1. 47 139 552 1 ,98 7 1. 56 1. 63 1. 69 605 315 178 506 184 172 592 214 503 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 51 48 40 49 54 38 57 52 71 442 93 482 726 180 119 732 83 281 1. 52 1. 45 1 .46 1. 56 1. 56 1 .4 3 1. 51 1. 57 1 . 62 1 ,51 6 433 1 ,63 6 4, 965 648 49 3 2, 644 265 714 1. 62 1. 63 1. 50 1 .7 3 1 . 66 1. 67 1. 58 1. 65 1 . 60 132 170 1. 53 1. 48 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 52 1. 43 1. 58 1. 56 1. 41 1. 49 1, 342 1. 1. 1. 1. 50 49 40 47 61 40 54 41 71 400 306 647 111 113 485 - - 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 82 406 134 134 413 74 115 349 101 353 259 1. 514 2. 00 489 153 31 215 95 75 1. 1. 1. 2. - - 75 97 48 198 - 1 .6 6 1. 51 1. 37 1. 63 - - 93 1. 1. - - 61 - 1, 623 4, 368 604 440 2, 421 212 712 1. 61 50 74 63 64 57 70 59 Men Knitting: A d j u s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting m a c h i n e s 3____ S ea m less h osiery , full- or k n e e - l e n g t h _________________________________ C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m i n s p e c t o r s _________________ C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s __________________ K n i t t e r s , f u l l - f a s h i o n e d h o s i e r y 3 _______________ 5 1 gaug e _____________________________________ ___________ 60 g a u g e _________________________________________________ K n it t e r s , w o m e n ' s s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , s i n g l e - f e e d 3 ____________________________________ 400 n e e d l e s ___________________________________ K n it t e r s , w o m e n ' s s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , 2 - f e e d 3 ____________________ _____ ________ _______ 400 n e e d l e s ___________________________________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d i n g : P r e b o a r d e r s ______________________________________ 486 2. 02 1 ,9 3 3 2. 25 125 2. 15 321 1. 89 444 2. 02 1, 785 2. 28 98 92 48 03 1 . 88 2. 07 459 15 131 2. 01 1. 69 2. 24 2. 11 - 1. 89 1. 92 1. 48 1. 96 1. 87 - 421 15 2. 01 1 . 69 2. 25 2. 25 2. 26 1 . 90 2. 25 2. 20 2. 31 111 - 93 1, 884 387 160 305 161 135 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 62 1. 62 358 340 1. 67 1. 67 105 105 1. 71 1. 71 95 2. 05 44 12 1. 1. 88 81 58 58 70 59 1. 71 1. 77 _ - 49 1. 79 65 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , 2 In cl ud es data f o r r e g i o n s in a dd i t io n to t ho se shown se p a r a t e l y . 3 In cl ud es data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in ad dition to th o se N O T E: Dashes - h ol id a y s, - 1. 1. 85 and late shift! shown s e p a r a t e l y . in di c at e no data r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t pu bl ica ti on c r i t e r i a . - - - - 314 153 31 99 28 - - - - - - - - - 34 23 1. 46 1. 48 - - - - 1 ,7 4 2 387 160 222 109 106 - - 358 340 1. 67 1. 67 - - 105 105 1. 71 1. 71 95 2. 05 16 1. 45 28 26 70 22 15 28 Table 7. W omen’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Averages—By Method o f W age Payment (N u m be r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h ou r ly e a rn i n g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s by m e t h o d o f w ag e pay me nt, United States and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r —O c t o b e r 1964) United States 2 O c c u p a t i o n and se x Number of w orkers Average hour ly ear ni ngs Southeast Mi dd le Atl ant ic Incen ti ve w o r k e r s Tim e w ork e r s Number of workers Average h ou r ly e a rn in gs Number of w orkers A verage h ou r ly e a rn in gs Number of workers Average h o u r ly e a rn in g s T im ew orker s Number of w orkers Inc entive w o r k e r s A verage h ou r ly ea rn i n gs Number of w orker s Average ho ur ly earni ngs Women Knitting: C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m i n s p e c t o r s -----------------------C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s ------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n ' s s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , s i n g l e - f e e d 3-----------------------------------------------------400 n e ed le s ---------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n ' s s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , 2 - f e e d 3 _________________________________________ 400 n e e d l e s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d i n g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c -------------------------------------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c ________________ B o a r d e r s , Dunn m e t h o d _____________________________ P r e b o a r d e r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M iscellaneous: B o x e r s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E x a m i n e r s , g r e y ( h o s i e r y i n s p e c t o r s ) --------------F o l d e r s _____________________________________________________ F o l d e r s and b o x e r s ---------------------------------------- -------------------------L o o p e r s , t o e _____________________________________________ M e n d e r s , hand, f i n i s h _______________________________ M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y _________________________________ P a i r e r s _____________________________________________________ S e a m e r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S e a m e r s , t o e ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 73 - 127 127 - 78 64 32 44 15 89 125 - $ 1. 29 1.48 813 69 $ 1 .6 4 1 .4 8 - - - - - - - - - - 73 $ 1.48 - 577 476 1. 52 1. 54 - - - - - - - - - - 260 243 1. 54 1. 55 - - - - - - - - 176 305 942 2, 769 1. 1. 1. 1. - - - - - 99 58 2, 499 809 2, 252 6, 182 923 659 3, 917 547 1,4 7 8 1.71 1. 58 1. 56 1 .4 9 1. 69 1 .6 5 1 . 62 1. 57 1 .6 0 1. 65 40 2. 13 220 1. 32 1.32 - 1. 30 1. 29 1. 33 1.33 1. 29 1. 36 1 . 28 - 59 54 56 64 - - 41 $ 1. 33 - 1. 29 - - - - 20 1. 30 2, 741 74 2. 17 2. 43 192 2, 642 2. 17 190 555 94 643 294 303 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 12 15 51 18 10 23 200 66 293 30 243 1. 70 2. 15 1. 67 - - 1.82 1.82 215 204 1 .63 1. 64 - 282 31 75 201 1 .9 4 1. 50 1. 64 1. 94 - 272 313 47 479 112 44 469 138 110 813 69 $ 1 .64 1.48 - 518 431 1. 52 1. 55 - - 239 230 1. 55 1. 56 - - 99 262 740 2, 611 1.61 1. 53 1. 59 1. 63 55 2, 104 475 2, 033 5, 423 756 586 3, 209 382 1, 305 1. 72 1. 58 1 . 62 1.49 1 .70 1. 63 1 . 60 1. 56 1.61 1. 63 $ 1. 84 - - 30 44 1. 64 1 .4 9 1. 69 1. 64 1.81 1 . 86 1 .6 6 1 . 59 1. 83 - 1. 27 1. 27 - - - 33 82 1 . - - - " 1. 31 28 M en Knitting: A d j u s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting m a c h i n e s 3___ F u l l - f a s h i o n e d h o s i e r y ____________________ Sea m less hosiery , full- or kne e - l e n g t h ________________________________ C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m i n s p e c t o r s ________________ C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s -----------------------------------------K n it t er s, f u l l - f a s h i o n e d h o s i e r y ---------------------------5 1 g a u g e ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60 g a u g e -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n ' s s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , s i n g l e - f e e d 3 ____________________________________________ 474 n e e d l e s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------400 n e e d l e s ___________________________________________ K n it t er s, w o m e n ' s s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , 2 - f e e d 3--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------400 n e e d l e s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d i n g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c -------------------------------------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c -------------------B o a r d e r s , Dunn m e t h o d ----------------------------------P r e b o a r d e r s _____________________________________ - 122 - 167 167 32 32 - - 2. 00 - 1.66 1 . - - - - 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and fo r w o r k on w ee ke nd s, 2 I nc lu de s data f o r r e g i o n s in addition to th ose shown s e p ar at e ly . 3 In cl ud es data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in addition to t h o se NOTE: D a s h e s in di c at e h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts. shown se p a r a t e l y . data r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t pu bl ic a t i o n c r i t e r i a . - 2. 02 - - 2. 19 2. 38 2. 15 - 2, 419 48 131 " 2. 07 - " - - 2, 346 2. 19 - - 122 131 555 94 436 173 255 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 245 207 1 . 156 107 - - - - - - - - - - - 167 - - - - - 189 178 1. 58 1. 59 - - - - - - - 87 - 22 113 1. 36 1 .95 2. 14 2. 05 " - - - 15 15 51 18 12 22 - 2. 00 - " 1. 93 " 167 1 . - _ 66 - 1 .6 6 ' 1. 64 - 66 - 0> Table 8. W om en’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Earnings—North Carolina (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h ou r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s , S e p t e m b e r - O c t o b e r 1964) Num ber of w orkers N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn i n g s ofAverage $1.25 $1.30 $1.35 $1.40 $1.45 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.1 0 $ 2.2 0 $2.30 $2.4 0 $2.50 $2.60 $2.7 0 $2.8 0 $2.9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 h o u r ly Under and and earn$1.25 under mgs 1 $1.30 $1.35 $1.40 $1.45 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.0 0 $2.10 $2.2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.5 0 $2.6 0 $2.70 $ 2.8 0 $2.:,9.P, $3.0 0 $3.1 0 $3.20 o v e r 27,057 21,065 5,992 O c c u p a t i o n and s e x $1. 65 1. 58 1. 87 330 4632 324 4187 6 445 1610 1294 316 1781 1430 351 1810 1484 326 1367 1168 199 3023 2551 472 2648 2220 428 2122 1806 316 1744 1354 390 1299 954 345 1148 637 511 869 553 316 900 402 498 730 266 464 55 2 2 19 316 181 135 176 109 67 71 56 15 44 32 12 20 15 5 274 15 259 12 9 3 26 5 21 105 13 92 _ 10 Women Knitting: C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m i n s p e c t o r s 2b / ____ 731 130 73 57 1. 1. 1. 1. 66 47 48 45 _ _ _ 19 18 5 13 12 20 5 15 33 20 14 6 41 9 7 2 49 _ _ 155 19 16 3 141 33 26 7 115 7 78 4 7 4 301 250 256 205 1. 1. 1. 1. 47 51 50 56 _ _ _ _ 76 38 41 3 19 9 12 2 5 2 5 2 13 13 13 13 32 32 29 29 83 83 83 83 64 64 64 64 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 - 167 1. 52 7 14 11 24 19 53 31 2 _ 4 2 233 509 2, 193 1. 50 1. 61 1. 66 _ _ 67 88 401 21 23 99 16 25' 116 10 28 122 13 45 150 33 58 223 23 50 195 22 62 194 11 46 144 7 32 82 4 18 121 3 26 111 1 8 98 73 - 1 1 " - " " 55 8 1 - - - - - - 59 1. 69 _ 12 2 2 - 7 4 5 3 7 2 7 3 4 - 1 - - - - - - ~ ■ 1,426 14 1,412 401 1,612 1,582 3, 809 576 25 551 402 47 355 2,438 248 860 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 60 29 60 63 48 48 74 64 32 65 59 29 62 55 66 65 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 8 240 26 469 461 479 53 4 49 75 27 48 541 22 113 103 3 100 15 98 98 164 43 14 29 47 10 37 158 13 31 97 2 95 17 126 126 183 52 6 46 17 3 14 154 22 49 99 1 98 46 184 162 210 37 _ 37 44 6 38 161 15 64 74 176 150 160 115 57 51 37 25 12 10 - 2 2 4 2 - 2 - 74 37 99 99 128 27 1 26 22 _ 22 162 19 66 176 67 218 218 392 72 150 56 163 163 426 72 160 53 111 111 364 61 115 '37 59 59 309 55 57 17 53 53 280 43 51 9 15 15 206 18 37 15 10 10 185 17 25 3 2 2 166 10 12 3 3 99 4 10 2 2 85 4 57 5 2 2 37 3 2 9 - 4 10 - 2 10 - 8 - 2 - 2 - 72 40 40 333 27 104 72 31 1 30 252 28 99 61 31 31 262 30 75 55 32 32 147 22 94 43 14 18 18 17 14 2 2 3 9 - 3 1 1 - - 5 5 3 3 1 1 1 2 - - 5 4 4 13 2 9 - - 4 3 3 14 3 8 4 5 - - - - - - 1 ,7 37 37 2. 25 2. 39 2 _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ 12 _ 41 1 73 _ 259 - 2 - 21 - 61 - 1 ,7 0 0 555 193 85 2. 2. 1. 1. _ _ _ 2 4 16 13 _ 1 9 8 _ 12 16 2 _ 7 1 1 3 1 1 1 12 15 38 29 40 3 12 12 73 16 18 18 2 21 61 " K n it t e r s , w o m e n ' s s e a m l e s s K n it t e r s , w o m e n ' s s e a m l e s s h osiery, 2-feed, 400 n p p d l p s 2h / B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d i n g : B o a r d e r s , ot h er than a u t o m a t i c 2b / __ Pn^rrlprCj T>nrvn mptlinfl 2h / ___ ___ P r e b o a r d e r s 2b / _ ___ M iscellaneous: P n v p r s 2b / .....E xam iners, g rey (hosiery in s p e c t o r s ) _ ____________ T im e In centive Fnl Hpr s / _ _ Fnl Hpr q flnH hnypTS Tnr pn ti v p .. J tr»r»ppv« } fnp ... _ MpnHprs^ h a nd , f i n i s h Tim e _ ______________________ In centive _ _ _ _ __ ____ M e n d e r s , hanH, g r e y T im p * _ _ I nc en ti ve p q i r p r s 2h / _ Cp q m pru i j .... ______ ^ p ^ m p r « } f n P ^h / . _ ___ 14 112 12 64 18 54 11 37 14 45 12 21 10 1 1 21 10 9 110 1 179 - 384 3 221 2 223 2 60 3 45 12 30 8 6 1 5 4 109 89 - 179 12 - 381 4 - 219 3 1 1 221 149 - 57 206 81 - 33 32 - 22 1 - 5 - 1 ■ - - - Men Knitting: A d j u s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting m a chi n e s a / . . _ ___ _ F u l l - f a s h io n e r i h o s i e r y 2a / ..... S ea m less h o s ie r y , full- or knee|ppgj-]^ j .. . C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m i n s p e c t o r s ^ b / -----C o l l c“r'ti'"'n- = ' ' 5 t e m o p e r a t o r s I n c e n tiv e _ ________________ Se e fo o t n o t e s at end o f table, 25 15 84 53 - - - - 259 " - ' ” - - Table 8. Women’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Earnings—North Carolina— Continued (N u m be r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s , S e p t e m b e r - O c t o b e r 1964) NumO c c u p a t i o n an d s e x Aver- of workei & $1.25 $1.3 0 $1.35 $1.4 0 $ 1. 4 5 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $ 1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 ho ur ly e a r n - u dand $1.25 under $1.30 $1.3 5 $1.4 0 $1.4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $1.60 $1. 7 0 $1.80 $ 1. 9 0 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 o v e r N u m b e r i w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g st ra ig ht - ■time h ou r ly e a rn i n g s of of M e n — Co nt in ue d Knitting— Co nt in ue d K n it t e r s , f u l l - f a s h i o n e d h o s i e r y 2b / 3 5 1 g au g e 2b / _________________________ 60 g a u g e ^ b / ___ K n it t e r s , w o m e n ' s s e a m l e s s h osiery, single-feed, 400 n e e d l e s m / . _ _ . _____ Knitters, w o m e n 's se a m le s s h osiery, 2-feed, 4 00 n e e d l e s 2b / _ B o a r d i n g and p r e b o a r d i n g : B o a r d e r s , ot h e r than a u t o m a t i c 2b/__ P r e b o a r d e r s 2b / 265 105 157 $2. 19 2. 17 2. 21 - - - 1 1 - - 3 2 1 - - - - - 2 2 - 3 2 1 12 7 4 16 9 7 23 10 12 20 9 11 86 1. 66 _ 2 _ 3 5 _ 23 25 7 8 10 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 44 12 32 58 16 42 23 9 14 112 1. 65 - - - - 9 17 33 36 2 1 _ 2 3 3 5 1 12 108 1. 44 1. 98 - - - 8 _ 5 3 _ 1 5 1 5 1 5 _ 5 1 6 5 5 12 12 14 14 12 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , and late sh ifts. I n s u ff ic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p r e senta tion o f s e p ar at e a v e r a g e s by m e t h o d o f w ag e pa y m en t; I nc lu de s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in addition to th o se shown se p a r a t e l y . 38 10 27 (a) a ll o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y t i m e w o r k e r s , 11 6 5 4 3 1 3 3 _ 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y ince ntiv e w o r k e r s . Table 9. W om en’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Earnings—Tennessee 0 0 ( N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e ho ur ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1964) O c c u p a t i o n and s e x A l l p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ------------------------------M e n ________________________________________ Number of workers Average h o u r ly ea rn in gs $1.25 Under and $1.25 $1.30 N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s of$1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2700 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $1.30 $1.35 $1,40 $1.45 $1.35 $1.40 “ $1.45 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2;80 $2.90 $3.00 140 29 111 1 1 2 1 1 “ " " " " “ " " ' " : - " - - - - - - - - - ~ “ “ “ 2 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 “ 1 “ - - " - “ - - 11 8 3 9 5 4 6 2 4 1 1 “ “ " " ~ ■ “ “ 6 4 2 " 2 " “ 10 " 2 2 2 - - 2 - - - _ * 3 1 2 - - 21 20 1 4, 845 3,603 1 ,2 4 2 $1.56 1.51 1.72 100 90 10 1047 845 202 438 386 52 371 313 5c 282 215 67 224 198 26 507 450 57 491 369 122 368 222 146 229 180 49 214 129 85 156 86 70 227 54 173 298 1.45 - 58 26 35 29 19 88 30 7 5 1 “ " ~ 235 23 212 309 515 159 77 62 561 26 210 1.53 1.25 1.56 1.55 1.59 1.55 1.58 1.66 1.60 1.41 1.60 - 29 1 28 32 44 11 2 2 58 6 24 17 14 15 26 38 26 28 2 - 1 - 17 35 35 9 4 4 28 4 9 14 27 33 8 15 28 37 16 7 7 37 2 9 26 37 ' 77 36 14 14 64 5 16 38 42 49 19 4 4 66 1 18 26 28 47 6 6 6 38 2 16 28 17 29 7 6 6 46 2 7 26 10 4 4 53 10 15 4 4 21 1 6 15 4 2 2 11 3 10 4 2 _ _ 39 22 17 37 84 29 22 7 91 6 52 20 14 18 7 2 323 2.05 . . _ _ 11 10 20 4 47 41 112 78 _ - - - - - 11 10 19 3 47 41 112 78 - 1 1 1 1 8 2 2 4 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 3 3 “ - - 71 69 94 84 - 2 2 - - - 2 9 Women B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d i n g : P r e b o a r d e r s 2b / -------------------------------------M iscellan eou s: E xam iners, grey (hosiery i n s p e c t o r s ) ______________________________ T i m e ___________________________________ I n c e n t i v e _______________________________ F o l d e r s and b o x e r s 2b / -------------------------L o o p e r s , t o e 2b / ------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, fi n is h 2 b / -------------------M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y ----------------------------I n c e n t i v e ----------------------------------------------Pai rp rc; ^ "h/ __ - _______ __ ___ JJ=> C( #»r c; ^V f =* i p ^| -p __ - - : 32 _ 3 1 “ 1 Me n K n it t i n g : A d j u s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting m ^ f' h irips 2 a / 3 __ _ _ S eam less h osiery, fu ll- or kne^ -1 pngtVi 2 a / K n itte r s, full-fashion ed n gi p r y ^ h j ^ .. — __ ■ __ ^ 1 g augp ^h / _ ___ _ 60 gau ge 2 b / ---------------------------------------Knitters, w o m e n 's se a m le s s h o s i e r y si n g le - f e e d 2 a / 2 400 1p fi ^ a / _________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d i n g : 321 2.05 37 12 20 2.06 2.08 2.15 - - - - - 169 157 1.69 1.68 _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ - 13 1.48 _ _ _ . 2 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , ho l id a y s, and late sh ifts. 2 I n su ff ic ie n t dat a to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t i o n o f s e p ar at e a v e r a g e s by meth od of w a g e pa ym en t; 3 In cl ud es data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in addition to th o se shown se p a r a t e l y . (a) all o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y t im e w o r k e : and (b) - all o r - 1 p r e d o m i n a n t l y in ce n t iv e w o r k e r s . Table 10. W omen’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Earnings—Hickory—Statesville, N.C. (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , S e p t e m b e r 1964) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s _____________________ W o m e n ------------------------------------------------------M e n ------------------------------------------------------------- N u m b er of w ork ers A vera g e h o u r ly U n der e a rn in g s 1 $ 1.2 5 1, 899 1, 531 368 $ 1. 55 1. 51 1. 74 71 71 63 28 1. 64 1. 34 - 43 1 .4 7 - 171 1 .6 1 81 89 264 39 1. 58 1. 55 1. 59 1. 50 1 .4 8 1. 83 - 135 2. 05 “ 127 2. 03 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 and under $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1.60 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2.00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2.20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2.60 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2.8 0 $ 2.90 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2.60 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2.9 0 $ 3 .0 0 96 84 219 12 23 176 162 14 151 127 24 93 75 18 84 48 36 81 34 47 62 24 38 39 13 26 2 15 28 11 5 - - - 8 6 14 4 - “ 15 10 . 20 25 18 7 358 316 42 157 136 21 155 123 32 131 - 1 2 - 1 5 14 3 3 5 12 7 18 8 3 5 23 7 17 10 9 5 4 7 1 6 5 _ 5 1 1 _ 1 1 3 3 - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 _ - _ - 1 1 2 4 - - 3 3 4 _ _ 3 6 7 111 20 196 W om en K n ittin g: C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m in s p e c t o r s 2 b / -------C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s 2 a / --------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s ie r y , s in g le -fe e d , 400 n e e d le s b / _________________________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : P r e b o a r d e r s 2 b / -------------------------------------M i s c e ll a n e o u s : E x a m in e rs , g re y (h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) 2 b / -------------------------------------F o l d e r s and b o x e r s 2 b / _________________ L o o p e r s , t o e 2 b / _________________________ M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y 2 b / P a i r e r s 2 b / ________________________________ S e a m e r s , t o e 2 b / ________________________ ' 168 37 24 48 10 38 5 3 7 3 16 1 10 7 17 3 14 4 27 10 15 10 - 1 2 10 8 6 14 3 38 3 33 3 37 24 3 17 10 11 1 13 4 2 11 2 1 6 1 4 4 1 4 4 5 12 13 13 2 3 3 4 7 3 3 8 1 8 24 32 32 22 1 8 24 31 32 21 1 8 1 _ 1 _ M en K n ittin g: A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 2 a / 3 -------------------------------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , f u l l - o r k n e e - l e n g t h 2 a / --------------------------------- _ ' “ 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m en t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , 3 I n c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n s in a d d ition to th o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . and (b) a ll or 1 " 1 p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w ork ers. Table 11. W om en’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Earnings—Winston-Salem—High Point, N.C. (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , O c t o b e r 1964) O c c u p a t io n and s e x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s _____ W om en --------- _ __ __ _ M e n ___ _ __ _ ___ Num ber of w ork ers A ver N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f— a ge $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $1.4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2.20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2.90 $ 3 .0 0 "$ I . TO $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 h o u r ly e a r n U n der and and in gs 1 $ 1 .2 5 und er $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .90 $ 2.00 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2.20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 o v e r 13, 923 1 0 , 339 3, 584 $ 1 .7 4 218 1.74 1.66 1.96 598 418 180 806 633 173 607 494 113 1474 1208 266 1121 10 734 585 149 12 38 34 4 1964 1787 177 3 1 - 7 46 9 41 24 27 27 76 55 29 32 32 117 81 25 23 25 25 42 39 15 3 3 76 1367 253 160 93 125 91 34 46 39 7 35 29 9 269 10 259 7 3 24 3 103 8 1 10 6 21 91 2 1 1 73 51 1 7 1 1 - - - - - - - 22 22 1 12 12 8 8 - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - 124 77 3 5 5 4 51 5 4 4 9 24 8 5 8 6 _ 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 - 1 1 3 _ - - _ - _ _ - _ _ _ 2 9 - - - - - 1081 832 249 819 609 246 1076 908 168 2 10 702 4 30 272 529 386 143 644 315 329 608 219 389 52 26 18 38 19 2 2 18 10 - 12 4 1 10 12 23 81 11 91 89 7 51 4 85 3 95 1 67 33 85 20 40 94 62 62 133 164 43 89 89 61 215 30 16 16 117 41 41 23 41 41 27 27 109 3 200 159 29 9 9 11 1 12 2 11 12 W om en K n ittin g : C o lle c t io n -s y s t e m ^^ p p ^Z j C o lle c t io n - sy s te m o p e r a t o r s 2 a / _ _____________ ___ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u t o m a t ic 2 b / _____ — _ P reb oa rd ers2b / ----— M is c e l l a n e o u s : E x a m i n e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) --------------------------------In c e n t iv e — ---------- __ L oop ers, t o e 2b / ------ — M e n d e r s , hand, fi n is h 2 b / -------M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y I n c e n t iv e _ --------P a i r e r s 2 b / __ S e a r n e r s 2 b / __ S e a m e r s , to e 2 b / ------------------------ 2 23 1 .50 - 2 195 1 .54 1.77 _ - 53 183 1 .70 1.71 1.49 1.87 1.65 - 94 87 185 103 29 32 1 , 180 659 650 8 22 1, 965 339 178 157 1 , 201 121 405 1.66 1.71 1.59 1.57 1 .70 _ _ _ - 21 245 14 33 22 39 24 24 21 14 73 2 2 20 10 10 63 13 75 10 12 11 5 20 32 32 159 15 62 11 11 58 24 80 80 32 195 31 19 19 97 14 43 67 67 223 43 13 13 123 7 7 33 17 11 38 7 7 35 4 13 80 3 3 3 9 3 5 2 2 1 9 68 1 8 _ M en K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 2 a / F u ll- f a s h io n e d h o s ie r y 2 a / _____ S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , f u l l o r k n e e - le n g t h 2 a / — --------C o l ic c t i o n - s y s t e m 868 2 .4 4 - - - - - - 2 11 16 30 76 189 75 79 25 11 8 1 2 - 259 2 21 61 - 21 2 .3 4 - _ - - - - - 1 - 1 - 2 2 1 2 4 6 - 2 - - - - _ _ - - - - 10 16 29 76 187 73 78 23 7 2 1 - - 259 2 21 61 _ 8 83 11 4 3 149 206 32 1 C o l ie c t i o n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s -----------------------------------K n it t e r s , fu l l- f a s h io n e d h o s i e r y 2 b / —___---------------- ----- — 51 g a u g e 2 b / ---------------- _____— 60 g a u g e 2 b /_ _ -------------------—— K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s ie r y , 2 -fe e d , ^OO J-J £1 1 0 C 2 K 3 10 10 - - - - - 81 - - - - - - - - - - 847 2 .4 5 515 2. 20 136 47 1.47 1.98 165 63 2 .17 2 .13 102 2. 20 90 1.68 - _ - 13 13 4 _ - 3 - 5 2 1 2 2 - - 2 2 1 1 14 1 1 1 1 20 13 3 - - - 1 1 1 1 5 4 11 8 13 17 7 26 16 6 8 10 1 1 1 1 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ - - - 1 3 7 10 28 16 6 10 4 - 28 4 24 36 6 - 2 - - - - - - - - 15 29 23 2 1 2 3 3 5 1 6 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m eth od o f w a g e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . Table 12. W om en’s Hosiery Mills: Scheduled Weekly Hours (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s b y s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s , 1 U n ited S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O W e e k ly h o u r s 1 M id d le A tla n tic A r t ;a s S ta tes R e g io n s U n ited Sta tes 2 N orth C a r o lin a S ou th ea st T enn essee H ic k o r y — S t a t e s v ille , N .C . W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . 100 100 100 100 100 88 P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s 100 U n d er 4 0 h o u r s ----- --------------------------------------40 h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------45 h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------48 h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------- 2 86 2 10 100 100 100 7 93 2 2 85 84 3 2 12 4 8 11 O ffi c e w o r k e r s 100 U n d er 37V 2 h o u r s ---------------------------------------- C° h^’ ir ° 1 2 1 18 75 5 100 100 100 3 1 1 26 94 66 38 50 2 7 11 D ata r e l a t e to p r e d o m in a n t w o r k s c h e d u le o f f u l l- t im e d a y -s h i ft w o r k e r s in e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t . I n c lu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , 100 100 100 8 100 92 40 44 13 1 su m s of in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n ot eq u a l t o t a ls . 2 Table 13. W omen’s Hosiery Mills: Shift Differential Provisions (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y sh ift d iff e r e n t ia l p r o v is i o n s , 1 U n ited S ta te s , S ta tes , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O Re:gion s U n ited S ta tes 2 Shift d iff e r e n t ia l M id d le A tla n tic 1 0 10 s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , S ta tes S o u th ea st N orth C a r o lin a A reas T en n essee H ic k o r y — S t a t e s v ille , N .C . W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . S e c o n d sh ift W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a vin g s e c o n d - s h if t p r o v i s i o n s __________________ ........ . W ith sh ift d iff e r e n t ia l U n ifo r m ce n t s p e r h o u r _________ _ ZVz c e n t s ________________________ 5 cen ts_ 10 c e n t s ___________ ____________ _ U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e _________________ IV 2 p e r c e n t _______________________ 5 p e r c e n t ____________________ ____ 6 p e r c e n t __________________________ 7 p e r c e n t __________________________ 1 0 p e r c e n t ________ _____________ O t h e r __ ____ W ith no sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l ____________ 9 7.5 Z 0. 3 7.Z .4 6.6 .Z 1 Z. 3 1.9 .Z 9. Z .9 .1 .7 77.1 89. Z 8.5 4.9 _ 4 .9 _ Z. 5 Z. 5 _ _ l.Z 8 0 .7 9 8.5 Z0.9 9 9.5 Z 1.8 3. Z _ 9 3 .4 3.1 3.1 3. Z 3.1 _ _ _ _ 1.1 17.6 Z. 4 _ 1 5 .Z _ Z 9 .4 .7 77.6 7 7.6 9 0.3 14.7 8 5.3 6 9.5 9 4.9 Z8.5 6.7 _ 9 3 .4 36.1 3 1.9 .9 Z7.7 6.0 .5 5.5 _ 14. Z Z.Z _ 10.9 lOO.O 14.7 9 8.9 2 9 .4 Z 9 .4 _ 1.0 T h ir d o r o t h e r la te sh ift W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s ha vin g t h ir d - o r o th e r l a t e - s h i f t p r o v i s i o n s __ W ith sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l _________________ U n ifo r m c e n ts p e r h o u r __________ 4 c e n t s ________ __________________ 5 c e n t s -------------------------------------------6 c e n t s _____________________________ 7 V2 c e n ts 10 c e n t s _ U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e _________________ 3 p e r c e n t __________________________ 5 p e r c e n t __________________________ 1 0 p e r c e n t _________________________ 1 1 p ercen t_ I 4 V2 p e r c e n t ___________________ _ O t h e r ___ _ ....... ......... W ith no sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l 2 9 1.7 3 3.0 16.9 .4 3.9 .6 Z. 5 9.6 14.5 1.9 Z .l .4 .9 9. z 1.6 58.6 7 3 .Z 5 6.0 4 8.6 4.1 _ _ 4 4.5 4.1 - 1.6 Z. 5 _ _ 3.3 1 7 .Z 9 5 .Z 3 0.7 1 3.0 _ 4.6 _7 3.0 4 .7 16.5 Z.Z Z. 3 _ 1.1 10.9 1.3 6 4.5 100.0 4 6 .4 _ 5.8 Z0.8 Z. 4 3. Z _ 4. Z _ _ _ 3 1.7 _ 4. Z 57.3 14.7 5 3.6 B ecause o f rou n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u al to t a ls . Z9 .4 31.7 _ 1 5. Z 1.0 6 6 .3 Z 9.4 R e f e r s to p o l i c i e s o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s e it h e r c u r r e n t ly o p e r a t in g la te sh ifts o r h a vin g p r o v is i o n s c o v e r i n g la te sh ifts . I n clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: 9Z. 1 Z 9.4 6 Z.7 Table 14. W omen’s Hosiery Mills: Shift Differential Practices (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s on la te sh ifts b y am ou n t o f sh ift d i ff e r e n t ia l , U n ited S ta te s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O S ta tes R e g io n s U nited S ta tes 1 Shift d iff e r e n t ia l M id d le A tla n tic s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , S o u th e a st N o rth C a r o lin a A reas T enn essee H ic k o r y — S t a t e s v ille , N .C . W in ston S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . S e co n d sh ift W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on s e c o n d s h ift ----------R e c e iv in g sh ift d i f f e r e n t ia l------------------U n ifo r m ce n ts p e r h o u r _____________ Z lh c e n t s __________________________ 5 c e n t s _____________________________ 10 c e n t s ____________________________ U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e _________________ 1 V2 p e r c e n t ________________________ 5 p e r c e n t __________________________ 6 p e r c e n t __________________________ 7 p e r c e n t __________________________ O t h e r ___________________________________ R e c e iv in g no sh ift d i f f e r e n t ia l-------------- 13.3 2.7 1.1 .1 .9 .1 1.6 .5 (2 ) .9 .1 ( 2) 10.6 12.7 1.0 .7 .7 .2 .2 - .1 11.7 13.4 2.8 .9 .1 .8 1.8 .6 1.1 .1 (2) 10.7 13.9 2.9 .5 .5 2 .3 .7 1.6 - 9.1 2 .4 9.2 2.1 .6 - .1 11.0 8.3 .3 .3 .3 8.0 11.5 .7 .7 10.7 11.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 8 ,8 8.4 3.7 2.8 2.8 .9 4.7 7 .6 2.0 2.0 “ - T h ir d o r o th e r la te sh ift W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on th ir d o r o t h e r la te s h ift -------------------------------------------R e c e iv in g sh ift d i f f e r e n t ia l-------------------U n ifo r m ce n ts p e r h o u r -------------------4 c e n t s _____________________________ 5 c e n t s _____________________________ 6 c e n t s _____________________________ 7 V2 c e n t s ---------------------------------------10 c e n t s ____________________________ U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e -------------------------3 p e r c e n t --------------------------------------5 p e r c e n t __________________________ 10 p e r c e n t _________________________ 11 p e r c e n t _________________________ I 4 V2 p e r c e n t _______________________ O t h e r ___________________________________ R e c e iv in g no sh ift d i f f e r e n t ia l-------------- 1 2 8.6 2.6 1.4 .1 .3 .1 .2 .8 1.0 .1 .2 (2) .1 .6 .1 6.1 I n clu d e s da ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o se L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , 6.6 4 .7 4. 1 .8 3.3 .2 (2) .1 .4 1.8 1.1 .4 .1 .2 .4 1.2 .2 .2 .1 .7 .1 6.7 .1 .5 1.5 .2 .3 1.0 .1 7 .0 7.1 2.7 2.4 2.2 .1 .3 4 .4 2.0 5.6 sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u a l t o t a ls . 10 G) Table 15. W om en’s Hosiery Mills: Paid Holidays 10 * ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith fo r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p a id h o lid a y s , U n ited S ta te s , S ta tes, and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O R e g io n s U nited S tates 1 N u m b e r o f p a id h o lid a y s M id d le A tla n tic s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , S ta tes S o u th e a st N o r th C a r o lin a A reas T en n essee H ic k o r y — S t a t e s v ille , N. C . W in sto n S a le m H igh P o in t, N. C . P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r s . 100 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g _ _ p a id h o lid a y s __ _____________ V2 d a y --------------------------- -------------------— 1 d a y ________ ____________________________ 2 d a y s _________ .. .... 3 d a y s ___________ 4 d a y s ________ _____ 5 days 6 d a y s _ ________ 6 d a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ______________ 7 d a y s ...... .......... W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id h o lid a y s _________________________ 100 100 100 100 33 4 51 _ _ 30 4 23 _ 63 32 2 2 5 3 _ 2 5 2 2 _ _ 42 5 _ 3 1 1 2 4 13 _ _ _ 67 49 70 16 0 ( 2) _ 18 _ _ _ 77 100 100 29 23 3 5 _ _ _ 29 37 100 71 O ffic e w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s ----------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id h o l i d a y s _______________________________ 1 d a y _______________________________________ 2 d a y s ----------------------- _ 3 d a y s -------------------------3 d a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ___________________ 4 d a y s ___ ____________________ __________ 5 d a y s ______ _____________________________ 6 d a y s __ _ 6 d a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ----------------------------7 d a y s _ --------------------------- _ _ 9 d a y s ______________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id h o lid a y s _ _________________________ 1 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 89 92 _ 89 3 87 98 44 91 1 2 10 8 14 11 5 15 2 7 4 1 7 40 18 1 - 10 6 1 10 70 32 16 - 21 1 5 (2) 7 3 5 11 8 _ _ 11 I n c lu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B ecau se o f rou n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a ls . _ 8 30 29 _ _ 13 2 6 _ _ _ 30 _ 45 2 _ 33 _ 7 56 8 56 9 Table 16. W om en’s Hosiery Mills: Paid Vacations (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p a id v a c a t io n s a ft e r s e l e c t e d p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , U nited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g i o n s , S t a te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O R e g io n s V a c a t io n p o l ic y U n ited S ta tes 1 M id d le A t la n t ic A rea s S ta te s S o u th e a st N orth C a r o lin a T en n essee H ic k o r y — S ta te s v ille , N. C. W in s t o n S a le m — H igh P o in t , N. C. P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s _________________________________ 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 83 78 7 83 3 77 - 78 3 75 - 97 14 83 - 97 97 - 79 5 73 - 2 2 1 7 2 2 3 3 3 4 55 _ 94 3 14 42 - _ 48 - 29 52 _ 94 46 52 _ 48 - - - - 19 3 - 31 3 35 39 6 8 _ 29 _ 62 35 28 49 62 35 - 28 19 29 10 0 10 0 M eth od o f p a y m e n t W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id v a c a t i o n s _____________________________ L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t ---------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t____________________ F la t - s u m p a y m e n t ______________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id v a c a t i o n s _________________________ 8 76 ( 2) 17 6 8 6 2 1 A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 3 A fte r 1 year o f s e r v ice U n d e r 1 w e e k ________________________________ w e e k ________________________________________ O v e r 1 an d u n d er 2 w e e k s ________________ w e e k s ______________________________________ 1 2 4 6 8 1 1 0 1 1 65 " 6 6 1 1 1 1 15 2 A fte r 3 y e a rs o f s e r v ice U n d e r 1 w e e k ________________________________ w e e k ________________________________________ O v e r 1 an d u n d er 2 w e e k s ________________ w e e k s ______________________________________ 1 2 5 65 1 1 1 62 - 13 5 3 33 48 9 58 1 5 64 ( 2) 14 6 A fte r 5 y e a rs o f s e r v ice U n d e r 1 w e e k ________________________________ w e e k ________________________________________ w e e k s ______________________________________ 4 w e e k s ______________________________________ 1 2 1 1 " 2 31 49 1 1 - 2 A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 4 U n d e r 1 w e e k ________________________________ w e e k ________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ________________ w e e k s ______________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ________________ 3 w e e k s ______________________________________ 4 w e e k s ______________________________________ 1 2 3 32 ( 2) 38 ( 2) 9 1 9 56 2 1 1 - " 2 31 38 ( 2) 1 1 1 3 35 24 15 1 29 - 6 8 - 2 ' O ffi c e w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s _________________________________ 10 0 10 0 98 92 10 0 10 0 10 0 97 93 5 97 93 5 97 93 4 96 92 4 3 3 3 4 M eth od o f p a y m en t W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id v a c a t i o n s _____________________________ L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t ______________ P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t____________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id v a c a t i o n s ________________ ________ S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le. 6 2 10 0 67 33 95 95 5 Table 16. W om en’s Hosiery Mills: Paid Vacations-----Continued ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m i l l s w ith f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s fo r p a id v a c a t io n s a ft e r s e l e c t e d p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , U n ited S ta tes , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S t a te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1961) O R e g io n s U n ited S tates 1 V a c a t io n p o l i c y M id d le A tla n t ic S ta tes S o u th ea st N o r th C a r o lin a A reas T en n es s e e H ic k o r y — S t a t e s v i ll e , N. C. W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t , N. C . O ffi c e w o r k e r s ---- C o n tin u ed A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n pay 3 A fte r 1 y ea r o f se r v ice U n d e r 1 w e e k _______________________________ 1 w e e k ________________________________________ O v e r 1 an d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ________________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ________________ _ 1 _ 51 47 _ 47 31 _ 26 - 68 8 ( 2) 45 ( 2) 50 1 - 1 1 " - - ( 2) 43 52 10 ( 2) 29 ( 2) 65 1 1 _ 87 - 23 ( 2) 69 _ 25 73 _ 47 31 1 1 - - _ 15 79 - 1 22 69 31 ( 2) 56 ( 2) 40 88 - 39 ( 2) 54 A fte r 2 y e a r s o f se r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k _______________________________ 1 w e e k ________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ________________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ________________ 1 A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k _______________________________ 1 w e e k ________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ________________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ________________ _ 53 _ 84 14 ( 2) 28 ( 2) 67 ( 2) 71 _ 25 73 1 - 1 1 - - ( 2) 14 ( 2) 82 _ 13 85 ( 2) 15 ( 2) 80 1 20 ( 2) 74 _ 5 94 _ 14 - 86 1 - 1 1 - - _ 15 79 - ( 2) 14 ( 2) 72 12 1 1 20 _ 5 _ 14 _ 15 ( 2) 60 - - - 50 29 ( 2) 41 1 _ 15 79 - A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d er 1 w e e k _______________________________ 1 w e e k ________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s -----------------------2 w e e k s ______________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ________________ A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k _______________________________ 1 w e e k ________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ________________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ________________ 3 w e e k s ______________________________________ 1 10 _ ( 2) 15 ( 2) 68 86 1 - - 14 14 25 " ( 2) 15 ( 2) 1 20 _ _ _ 5 14 15 - - - 50 - 66 1 - _ 85 A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 4 U n d e r 1 w e e k _______________________________ 1 w e e k ________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ________________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ________________ 3 w e e k s ______________________________________ 1 I n clu d e s data fo r r e g io n s 2 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . 3 V a c a t io n p a y m e n t s , su ch ( 2) 14 ( 2) 58 12 - 1 - 66 1 24 68 14 18 ( 2) 60 68 86 1 - - 14 25 - 29 in a d d itio n to th o se sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . a s p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s and fla t - s u m a m o u n t s , w e r e c o n v e r t e d to an e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s is . P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y ch o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r i ly r e f l e c t in d iv id u a l p r o v is i o n s fo r p r o g r e s s i o n s . F o r e x a m p le , ch a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a t e d at 5 y e a r s m a y in clu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 3 and 5 y e a r s . 4 V a c a t io n p r o v i s i o n s w e r e v ir t u a lly the sa m e a ft e r lo n g e r p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a ls . Table 17. W om en’s Hosiery Mills: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith s p e c i f ie d h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s , U n ited S ta tes, s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O M id d le A tla n tic A reas S ta tes Re^'io n s U n ited Sta te s 2 T y p e o f pla n 1 S ou th ea st N orth C a r o lin a T en n essee H ic k o r y — S t a t e s v ille , N .C . W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t , N .C . P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s 100 100 100 10 0 100 100 100 83 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L ife i n s u r a n c e ---------------------------------------A c c id e n t a l dea th and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e ----------------------------------------------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e or b o t h 3 -----------------------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e — S ic k le a v e (fu ll pa y , no w a itin g p e r i o d ) -------------------------------S ic k le a v e (p a r tia l p a y o r w a itin g p e r i o d ) -------------------------------H o s p it a liz a t io n in s u r a n c e --------------------S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e --------------------------------M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e --------------------------------C a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e --------------------------R e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n -------------------------------N o p l a n s --------------------------------------------------- 66 87 85 93 97 84 57 59 61 50 97 65 60 60 44 44 35 35 75 75 2 51 51 ( ) 90 90 46 15 27 9 97 97 36 3 3 56 47 47 - - - (4) 91 90 51 15 - (4) 92 92 48 13 25 7 22 8 74 70 70 40 - 20 - “ 2 100 100 “ 83 83 51 26 81 46 2 37 14 " O ffic e w o r k e r s 100 100 100 84 73 100 83 63 40 100 57 58 33 50 16 83 83 3 - 48 32 26 34 - - 16 ( 4) 91 91 48 14 31 9 25 98 98 63 62 9 3 83 83 57 7 56 17 100 100 100 81 84 60 78 60 67 46 84 77 36 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L ife i n s u r a n c e ---------------------------------------A c c id e n t a l death and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e ----------------------------------------------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e or b o t h 3 -----------------------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e — S ic k le a v e (fu ll pay, no w a itin g p e r io d ) -------------------------------S ic k le a v e (p a r tia l p a y o r w a itin g p e r io d ) -------------------------------H o s p it a liz a t io n in s u r a n c e --------------------S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e --------------------------------M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e --------------------------------C a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e --------------------------R e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n -------------------------------N o p l a n s --------------------------------------------------- 100 80 A ll w o r k e r s __________________________________ 75 3 93 92 60 31 19 87 83 83 6 8 68 - 5 94 94 54 24 25 6 100 100 33 86 19 2 . 1 In c lu d e s o n ly t h o se p la n s fo r w h ich at le a s t p a rt o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r and e x c lu d e s le g a lly w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n and s o c ia l s e c u r it y . 2 In c lu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 U n d u p lic a te d tota l of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . 4 L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t . re q u ire d pla n s ;uch as ro Table 18. W omen’s Hosiery Mills: Nonproduction Bonuses ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o ff ic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith s p e c i fie d ty p e s o f n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s , U nited S ta te s , s e le c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O S ta tes R e g io n s U nited S ta tes 1 T ype of bonus M id d le A tla n t ic S ou th ea st N orth C a r o lin a A reas T en n es se e H ick o r y — S ta te s v ille , N .C . W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t , N .C . P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 23 A ll w o r k e r s __ ___________ ________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s ________________ C h r is t m a s o r y e a r e n d ______________ P r o f i t s h a r in g _______________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith no 6 6 36 34 3 3 - 32 _ 32 37 37 2 64 97 68 63 100 100 100 2 2 42 33 46 46 - 8 - 98 58 54 2 - 75 nnnprodurtion bon uses 28 25 3 94 72 O ffi c e w o r k e r s 100 A ll w o r k e r s _____________________________ _ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s _______________ C h r is t m a s o r y e a r e n d _____________ P r o f i t s h a r in g ________________________ 19 18 ( 2) 1 Other W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith no n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s ________________ 1 2 _ 81 In c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , 100 100 7 7 22 20 93 100 (2) 29 29 ( 2) 78 71 1 show n s e p a r a t e ly . su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u al t o t a ls . Part II. Men’s Hosiery Mills A v e r a g e H o u r ly E a r n in g s E a r n i n g s o f the 2 1 , 2 2 3 p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in m i l l s p r i m a r i l y en g a g e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g m e n 1s s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 7 an h ou r in S e p t e m b e r — O c t o b e r 1964 (ta b le 19). W o r k e r s in the S ou th ea s t r e g i o n , a c c o u n t i n g f o r t h r e e fo u r t h s o f the w o r k f o r c e , a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 5 an h o u r — -11 c e n t s l o w e r than th o s e in the M i d d l e A t la n t i c r e g i o n ($1. 56). E a r n in g s l e v e l s v a r i e d s li g h t l y a m o n g the Sta tes and a r e a s s u r v e y e d s e p a r a t e l y ( ta b le s 25 th ro u g h 28). P r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $1. 43 in T e n n e s s e e and $1. 46 in N o r t h C a r o l i n a ; the a v e r a g e in H i c k o r y — S t a t e s v i l l e , N. C. ( $ 1 .4 6 ) w a s n e a r l y the s a m e as in W i n s t o n - S a l e m — igh P o i n t , H N. C. ( $ 1 . 4 8 ) . T h e n a t io n w id e a v e r a g e f o r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r O 1964 ( $ 1 . 4 7 ) w a s 7 p e r c e n t a b o v e the a v e r a g e r e c o r d e d in F e b r u a r y 1962 ($1. 37). 1 1 0 I n c r e a s e s in e a r n in g s l e v e l s ( a v e r a g e e a r n in g s ) a m o u n t e d to 3 p e r c e n t in the M i d d l e A t la n t i c r e g i o n and 8 p e r c e n t in the S o u th e a s t. T h e 1 5 ,5 6 7 w o m e n in this in d u s t r y b r a n c h a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 2 in S e p t e m b e r — O c t o b e r 1964, c o m p a r e d w ith the $1. 62 a v e r a g e f o r the 5 , 6 5 6 m e n . A v e r a g e s f o r m e n e x c e e d e d t h o s e f o r w o m e n b y 12 p e r c e n t in the S o u th e a s t r e g i o n and 18 p e r c e n t in the M i d d l e A t la n t i c r e g i o n . ir T h e r e w a s little v a r i a t i o n in e a r n in g s l e v e l s b y c o m m u n i t y and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i z e . In the o n ly r e g i o n w h e r e s u c h c o m p a r i s o n s w e r e p o s s i b l e (the S o u th e a s t), a v e r a g e s in m e t r o p o l i t a n and n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s w e r e n e a r l y the s a m e — $ 1 . 4 6 and $ 1 . 4 5 , r e s p e c t i v e l y ; l i k e w i s e , the a v e r a g e in m i l l s w ith 250 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ($1. 46) w a s o n ly 2 c e n t s h ig h e r than the a v e r a g e s r e c o r d e d in e a c h o f the two s m a l l e r m i l l - s i z e c a t e g o r i e s . E a r n in g s o f a l l but a bou t 2 p e r c e n t o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s r a n g e d f r o m $1. 25 to $2. 50 an h o u r (ta b le 20). A t the l o w e r end o f the e a r n in g s a r r a y , a b ou t t h r e e - t e n t h s o f the w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s than $ 1 . 3 0 ; h a lf, l e s s than $ 1 . 4 0 ; and t w o - t h i r d s , l e s s than $ 1 . 5 0 . A fo u r t h o f the w o r k e r s in the M i d d l e A t la n t i c r e g i o n and t h r e e - t e n t h s in the S o u th e a s t e a r n e d b e t w e e n $1. 25 and $1. 30 an h o u r. O c c u p a t i o n a l E a r n in g s The occu p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n s fo r w h ich a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly e a r n in g s a r e p r e s e n t e d in ta b le 21 a c c o u n t e d f o r t w o - t h i r d s o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in the m e n ’ s h o s i e r y b r a n c h . N a tio n w id e a v e r a g e s f o r th e s e o c c u p a t i o n s r a n g e d f r o m $1. 31 f o r b o x e r s ( a ll w o m e n ) to $ 1 . 9 4 f o r knitting m a c h i n e a d j u s t e r s and f i x e r s , a j o b e n t i r e l y s ta ffe d b y m e n . A v e r a g e s f o r m o s t o f the o t h e r j o b s w e r e f r o m $ 1 . 4 0 th ro u g h $ 1 . 4 5 an h o u r . O c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s w e r e ta bu lated b y r e g i o n , s e l e c t e d S ta tes and a r e a s , c o m m u n i t y and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i z e , and m e t h o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t . A v e r a g e s f o r the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e u s u a l l y h ig h e r in m e t r o p o l i t a n than in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s (ta b le 22), and u s u a l l y h ig h e r in m i l l s w ith 250 w o r k e r s o r m o r e than in s m a l l e r m i l l s (ta b le 23). I n c e n t i v e - p a i d w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d m o r e than th o s e p a id t i m e r a t e s in e a c h o f the o c c u p a t i o n s f o r w h i c h c o m p a r i s o n s w e r e p o s s i b l e (ta b le 24). 10 Op. c i t . , BLS Bulletin 1349, Pt. II. 11 Op. c i t . , footnote 9, p. 7. 29 30 E a r n in g s o f in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s v a r i e d c o n s i d e r a b l y w ith in the s a m e jo b and a r e a ( ta b le s 27 and 28). T h e r e w a s c o n s i d e r a b l e e a r n in g s d i s p e r s i o n f o r s o m e j o b s ( p a r t i c u l a r l y t h o s e w h i c h w e r e t y p i c a l l y i n c e n t i v e - p a i d ) ev e n w ith in the s a m e e s t a b l i s h m e n t . T h e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n the h ig h e s t and l o w e s t p a id w o r k e r s in the s a m e e s t a b l i s h m e n t and jo b in s o m e i n s t a n c e s e x c e e d e d 50 c e n ts an h o u r . E s t a b l i s h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p l e m e n t a r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s I n f o r m a t i o n w a s a l s o o b ta in e d on w o r k s c h e d u l e s , shift p r o v i s i o n s and p r a c t i c e s , and s e l e c t e d s u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s in c lu d in g p a id h o li d a y s and v a c a t i o n s , r e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n p l a n s , life i n s u r a n c e , s i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e , h o s p i t a l iz a t io n , and s u r g i c a l b e n e f i t s . S c h e d u le d W e e k l y H o u r s and Shift P r a c t i c e s . W o r k s c h e d u l e s o f 40 h o u r s a w e e k w e r e in e f f e c t in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p lo y in g s li g h t l y m o r e than n in e - t e n t h s o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s and s e v e n - e i g h t h s o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s (ta b le 29). A b o u t 15 p e r c e n t o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s w e r e e m p l o y e d on the s e c o n d shift and 7 p e r c e n t w e r e e m p l o y e d on th ird o r o t h e r late sh ifts at the ti m e o f the s u r v e y (ta b le 31). M o s t o f th e s e w o r k e r s did not r e c e i v e e x t r a p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l s f o r late sh ift w o r k . P a i d H o l i d a y s . P a i d h o li d a y s w e r e p r o v i d e d b y m i l l s a c c o u n t i n g f o r a fifth o f the p r o d u c t i o n and s e v e n - t e n t h s o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s (ta b le 32). S e v e n tenths o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in the M i d d l e A t la n t i c r e g i o n w e r e p r o v i d e d p a id h o li d a y s ( m o s t c o m m o n l y 5 d a y s a n n u a lly ), c o n t r a s t e d w ith the S ou th ea s t r e g i o n w h e r e l e s s than 5 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s r e c e i v e d p a id h o l i d a y s . In b oth r e g i o n s , p a id h o li d a y p r o v i s i o n s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s w e r e m o r e l i b e r a l than th o s e f o r p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s . P a i d V a c a t i o n s . P a i d v a c a t i o n s , a f t e r q u a lify in g p e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e , w e r e a v a i l a b l e to n e a r l y t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f the p r o d u c t i o n and o v e r n in e - t e n t h s o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s (ta b le 33). M o s t w o r k e r s in b oth g r o u p s w e r e p r o v i d e d at l e a s t 1 w e e k o f v a c a t i o n p a y a f t e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e . P r o v i s i o n s f o r 2 w e e k s ' p a id va ca tion w e r e m o s t co m m o n for p rod u ction w o r k e r s after 5 y e a rs of s e r v ic e , but a p p li e d to s li g h t l y m o r e than h a lf o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s a f t e r 3 y e a r s . P r o v i s i o n s f o r m o r e than 2 w e e k s o f v a c a t i o n p a y w e r e r a r e l y found in this in d u s tr y branch. H ealth , I n s u r a n c e , and P e n s i o n P l a n s . L i f e , h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , and s u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e , f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e r s p a id p a r t o r a l l o f the c o s t , w e r e a v a i l a b l e to at l e a s t t h r e e - f i f t h s o f the p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s (ta b le 34). B e t w e e n a f o u r t h and t w o - f i f t h s o f the w o r k e r s w e r e p r o v i d e d a c c i d e n t a l d eath and d i s m e m b e r m e n t , s i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t , and m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e . S ic k l e a v e — a l m o s t a lw a y s fu ll p a y and no w a itin g p e r i o d — w a s a v a i l a b l e to a th ird o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s , but w a s r a r e l y p r o v i d e d to p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s . C a t a s t r o p h e ( m a j o r m e d i c a l ) i n s u r a n c e w a s not c o m m o n f o r e i t h e r g r o u p o f w o r k e r s . P e n s i o n p l a n s — p r o v i d i n g r e g u l a r p a y m e n t s f o r the r e m a i n d e r o f the w o r k e r ’ s l if e on r e t i r e m e n t ( o t h e r than b e n e f i t s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r F e d e r a l s o c i a l s e c u r i t y ) — w e r e found in p la n ts e m p lo y in g a b o u t an eigh th o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s and n e a r l y t h r e e - t e n t h s o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s . N o n p r o d u c t io n B o n u s e s . N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s , u s u a l l y C h r i s t m a s o r y e a r e n d b o n u s e s , but o c c a s i o n a l l y p r o f i t - s h a r i n g p l a n s , w e r e p r o v i d e d by e s t a b lis h m e n t s a c c o u n t i n g f o r t h r e e - t e n t h s of the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s and s li g h t l y m o r e than t w o - f i f t h s o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s (ta b le 35). Table 19. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Average Hourly Earnings by Selected Characteristics (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O U n ited S t a te s '2 Item N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s S ou th ea st M id d le A tla n tic N u m ber of w ork er s A vera g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ----------------------------------------W o m e n ____________________ ______________ ___ __ M e n ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21, 223 15, 567 5, 656 $ 1.47 1.42 1.62 2, 554 1, 771 783 $ 1.56 1.48 1.75 S iz e o f c o m m u n it y : M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s 3 ----------------------------------------N o n m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s ------------------------------------- 7, 479 13, 744 1.48 1.47 2, 231 1.51 S iz e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t : 20— w o r k e r s ------------ -------------------------------- — 99 1 00—249 w o r k e r s — ----------------------------------------2 50 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ---------------------------------------- 4, 433 7, 158 9, 632 1.45 1.46 1.49 " - 1, 650 1 2 3 - 1.62 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts. I n c lu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a ddition to th o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . T h e t e r m " m e t r o p o li t a n a r e a s " as u s e d in th is study r e f e r s to S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a tis t ic a l A r e a s o f the B u d g e t in 1961. NOTE: D a s h e s in d ic a te no data r e p o r t e d o r data that d o not m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r it e r ia . N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 4, 288 $ 1.45 1.41 1.58 4, 447 11, 741 1.46 1.45 3, 262 1.44 1.44 1.46 1 6 ,1 8 8 1 1 , 900 6 , 736 6 , 190 as d e fin e d b y the U. S. B u r e a u Table 20. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Earnings Distribution (P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 U n ited S tates and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O U n ited S ta te s 2 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 M id d le A t la n t ic A ll w ork ers U n d e r $ 1. 2 5 ______ __________________________________ 1. 8 W om en 2. 2 30____________________________ 35____________________________ 4 0 ____________________________ 4 5 ____________________________ 50____________________________ 29. 1 12 . 6 8. 4 7. 4 5 .9 34. 12 . 9. 7. 6. 6 0 ____________________________ 7 0 ____________________________ 8 0 ____________________________ 90 ____________________________ 00 ____________________________ 10 . 0 10 . 1 7. 4. 3. 2. 5 9 7 7. 2 4. 0 2. 4 1 .4 2. 1. . . . 4 4 9 5 3 1. 0 $ 2. 50 a n d o v e r _____________________________________ .6 . 2 T o t a l _________________________________________ 100 . 0 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ________________________________ A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1_________________________ 2 1 ,2 2 3 $1. 47 $ 1. 25 $ 1. 30 $1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $1. 45 50 60 70 80 and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $1. $1. $1. $1. $ 1. $1. $ 1. $1. $1. $ 1. an d an d and an d 90 a n d $1. $1. $1. $ 1. $2. $2. $2. $2. $2. $2. 00 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 10 ____________________________ 10 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 20 ____________________________ 20 an d u n d e r $2. 30____________________________ 30 an d u n d e r $2. 4 0 ____________ ________________ 40 an d u n d e r $2. 5 0 ____________________________ 6 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , 2 In c lu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to t h o se sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , . . . . 5 8 0 8 4 5 3 S o u th e a st M en 0. 4 14. 11. 6. 6. 4. 2 9 9 4 9. 8. 7. 7. 6. 6 2 6. 4. 2. 1. . 6 5 6 1 1 1 7 3 7 0. 2 2. 0 4 3 30. 13. 8. 7. 5. 4 9 9 7 0 9. 7. 4. 3. 2. 7 0 9 3 4 2. 2 1. 1 25. 8. 6. 5. 6. 7 4 10. 9. 6. 4. 3. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 8 8 6 7 5 8 6 6 4 1 1 .7 . 3 . 1 1. 6 2. 2 . 2 10 0 . 0 10 0 . 0 10 0 . 0 10 0 . 0 1 5 ,5 6 7 $ 1 .4 2 5 ,6 5 6 $ 1 . 62 2, 554 $1. 56 1 6 ,1 8 8 $1. 45 2 1 h o lid a y s , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u a l 100. and la te s h ift s . Table 21. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Averages—All Mills (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting m a ch in e s (a ll m e n ) 3 -------------------------------------------------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a l f - h o s e ------------------K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ----------------------------------------M e n __________________________________________ K n it t e r s , r ib (2 3 w o m e n and 5 m e n )________ K n it t e r s , s t r i n g _____________________________ _ W o m e n _______________________________________ M e n __________________________________________ K n it t e r s , t r a n s f e r (a ll w o m e n )---------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic ---------------------------------------W o m e n _______________________________________ M e n __________________________________________ B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c ------------------W o m e n _______________________________________ M e n __________________________________________ P r e b o a r d e r s ____________________________________ W o m e n --------------------- ------------------------------------M e n __________________________________________ M is c e lla n e o u s : B o x e r s ( a ll w o m e n )--------------------------------------- -E x a m i n e r s , g r e y (h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s ) (a ll w o m e n ) ----------------------------------------------------F o l d e r s ( a ll w o m e n )----------------------------------------F o l d e r s and b o x e r s (836 w o m e n and 5 m e n ) _________________________________________ L o o p e r s , toe (2 , 251 w o m e n and 5 m e n ) -----M e n d e r s , hand, fin is h (a ll w o m e n ) -------------M e n d e r s , h a n d, g r e y ( a ll w o m e n )----------------P a i r e r s (1 , 102 w o m e n and 3 m e n ) --------------S e a m e r s , toe ( 1 , 285 w o m e n and 2 m e n )------ 1 2 3 A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 141 135 373 337 917 105 143 $ 1 .9 4 1.94 1.44 1.43 1.49 1.34 1.44 1.45 1.38 1.33 561 398 163 1, 170 691 479 276 140 136 1.44 1.41 1.52 1 .44 1.40 1.50 1.63 1.49 1.77 22 1, 1, 2, 2, 576 535 443 021 422 28 1,0 22 $2.09 2 .0 8 1.53 1.51 - - - - - - - - 1.64 - - 168 24 144 46 34 - 1.66 1.64 1.67 1.89 1.91 _ N um ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1, 284 1 ,2 5 5 1 , 820 1 ,4 5 6 364 17 926 821 105 107 $ 1.9 2 1.91 1.42 1.41 1.44 1.31 1.44 1.45 1.38 1.34 461 331 130 877 547 330 218 123 95 1.43 1.40 1.49 1.40 1.39 1.42 1.57 1.45 1.73 153 1.31 _ 121 1.30 980 23 1.40 1.41 113 - 1.36 - 772 17 1.41 1.35 841 2, 256 183 255 1, 105 1, 287 1.42 1.45 1.34 1.34 1.42 1.57 29 340 39 26 1.36 1.54 1.28 1.32 1.39 1.82 679 1 ,7 1 7 105 176 875 1, 136 1.43 1.42 1.36 1.30 1.42 1.55 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , In c lu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in addition to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . In c lu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i fic a t i o n s in a d d ition to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: A v e ra g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m ber of w ork e r s N u m ber of w ork ers S ou th ea st M id d le A tla n tic U n ited S ta tes 2 O c c u p a tio n and s e x 121 98 and la te s h ift s . D a s h e s in d ic a te no da ta r e p o r t e d o r da ta that d o not m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a . Table 22. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Averages—By Size o f Community (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s b y s i z e o f c o m m u n it y , U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O U n ited S ta te s 2 O c c u p a t io n a n d s e x M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s M id d le A t la n t ic N o n m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s N u m b er of w ork er s A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly ea rn in g s S o u th e a st M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s N o n m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s N um ber of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s W om en K n ittin g : K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t ic _ _ K n it t e r s , s t r in g _ _ K n it t e r s , t r a n s f e r ______________________________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic .... _ .. _. B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t ic P reboarders _ . . _ .......... M i s c e ll a n e o u s : E x a m i n e r s , g r e y ( h o s i e r y in s p e c t o r s ) F o ld e r s and b o x e r s L o o p e r s , t o e ____________________________________ M e n d e r s , h a n d , fin is h M e n d e rs , hand, g r e y _ .... ............ P a ir e r s _ __ _ _ ...... . . . S e a m e r s , to e 879 15Z 123 $1. 46 1 .4 4 1. 33 1, 142 765 $1. 41 1. 45 1. 35 317 _ $1. 48 _ _ 459 117 20 $1. 44 1. 45 _ 997 704 18 $ 1 . 39 1. 45 1. 34 171 185 37 1 .4 0 1. 45 1. 63 227 506 103 1. 43 1. 38 1. 43 _ 24 _ _ 1. 64 _ 142 119 1. 38 1. 42 1. 52 189 428 103 1. 42 1. 38 1. 43 258 297 670 80 81 37 3 495 1. 40 1. 36 1 .4 7 1. 33 1. 33 1 . 39 1 . 61 722 5 39 1 ,5 8 1 103 174 7 29 790 1. 40 1. 45 1 .4 4 1. 35 1. 34 1. 44 1. 55 113 29 321 39 26 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 36 36 52 28 32 39 71 135 178 314 35 36 218 381 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 43 39 42 38 31 39 60 637 496 1, 399 70 140 657 755 1 .4 0 1. 45 1. 42 1. 35 1. 30 1. 43 1. 53 566 548 1. 97 1. 97 1,0 10 1. 93 12 2 2 . 10 372 360 64 1 .9 1 1 . 92 1. 51 912 1. 44 116 _ 2. 09 1 . 62 987 310 1 . 92 112 895 300 1 . 92 1 .9 1 1. 43 55 213 49 1 . 60 1 . 88 108 266 87 1. 52 1. 42 1. 71 144 34 46 69 15 1. 46 1 .4 5 1 . 80 84 261 80 1. 51 1. 42 1. 71 - 121 73 _ 20 M en K n ittin g: A d ju s t e r s an d f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 3 _____________________________________ S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a l f - h o s e K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t ic B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c ___________________________ B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c _____________ P r e b o a r d e r s _____________________________________ 1. 53 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 I n clu d e s data f o r r e g i o n s in a d d it io n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 I n clu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: D ashes in d ic a t e no data r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a . _ _ _ 1. 67 1 .9 1 Table 23. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Averages—By Size o f Establishment (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s b y s iz e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t , U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O U n ited S ta tes 2 O c c u p a t io n and s e x 2 0 -9 9 v ork eir s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 100— 249 w o r k e r s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s M id d le A tla n tic S ou th ea st E s ta b lis h m e n t s h a vin g — 250 w o r k e r s 250 w o r k e r s 20— w o r k e r s 99 or m ore or m ore N u m b er A v era g e N u m b er A v era g e N u m b er A vera ge of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly w ork ers e a r n in g s w ork ers e a r n in g s w ork ers e a r n in g s 100— 249 w o r k e r s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 250 w o r k e r s ___ o r m o r e N u m b er A vera ge of h o u r ly w ork ers e a rn in g s W om en K n ittin g : K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c — ___ ______ ____ K n it t e r s , s t r i n g __ __ _ __ _ __ __ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c ____ _____________ ( B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c _______ P reb oard ers __ ______ _____ ___ „ M is c e lla n e o u s : B o x e r s ________ _ ___ _______________ E x a m in e rs , g r e y (h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) ___ _____________________ _ F o l d e r s and b o x e r s _________ _ ___ _ L o o p e r s , t o e - ' - ____________ _________ M e n d e r s , ha n d, f i n is h - __________ M e n d e r s , ha n d, g r e y __ _______ ______ P a i r e r s ____ _______________ __ ___ S e a m e r s , t o e -------- -------- -------- ----- ---- 599 250 $ 1.36 1.43 685 306 $ 1.44 1.45 737 361 $ 1.48 1.46 231 _ $ 1.57 _ 455 215 $ 1.36 1.44 19 186 17 1.49 1.39 205 215 174 1.46 1.42 1 .50 _ 11 88 1.37 1.39 1.41 290 1.88 _ 1.76 _ _ 161 _ 35 _ 16 1.32 72 1.26 65 1.37 _ 323 94 510 63 61 364 286 802 53 103 431 502 1.42 1.39 1.43 1.39 1.31 1.39 1.52 293 456 939 67 91 451 428 1.37 1.47 1.50 1.33 1.41 1.49 1.57 86 355 1.40 1.30 1.40 1.31 1.29 1.35 1.64 372 372 106 18 1.95 1.95 1.30 1.28 590 573 1.95 1.95 1.54 1.41 614 590 104 51 1.57 1.38 - 69 140 1.46 1.45 1.60 82 258 94 1.57 1.51 1.85 220 _ 203 _ 20 _ 67 _ 639 306 $ 1.42 1.45 362 300 $ 1.45 1.45 1.36 205 207 87 1.37 1.38 1.40 121 179 32 1.46 1.42 1.52 1.41 1.31 1.37 1.32 1.28 1.38 1.64 361 252 782 51 84 407 491 1.42 1.39 1.42 1.39 1.29 1.38 1.51 117 346 590 46 39 331 315 1.37 1.50 1.46 1.34 1.37 1.48 1.52 1.90 561 544 1.94 1.93 1.49 1.41 423 411 70 51 1.89 1.89 1.50 1.38 1.42 1 .44 1.60 58 163 67 1.58 1.40 1.80 _ _ 1 .34 _ 1 .60 _ 1.33 _ 1.81 53 137 330 2 .0 9 2 .08 _ _ 300 300 104 18 294 76 341 8 M en K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 3 ____ — _ __ ____ __ S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a l f - h o s e _______ K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ----- ------------------------K n it t e r s , s t r i n g __________________________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c -----------------------------B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c _______ P r e b o a r d e r s -------- — --------------------------- - 81 22 1.56 1.61 212 36 20 1.93 1.9 2 90 84 _ _ _ 95 20 _ 1.69 2 .0 7 _ 39 1.90 1.30 1.28 190 _ 61 128 1.49 36 20 ' 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 In c lu d e s da ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 I n c lu d e s da ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n s in a d d ition to t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: D ashes in d ic a t e no da ta r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r it e r ia . 0) 01 Q 0) Table 24. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Averages—By Method o f Wage Payment (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h ou rly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t, U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r - O c t o b e r 1964) O c c u p a t io n and s e x T im e w o r k e r s N u m b er of A v era g e h o u r ly ea rn in g s S o u th e a st M id d le A t la n t ic U nited S t a te s 2 In cen tive w ork ers A vera g e N u m b er h o u r ly of e a rn in g s w ork ers T im e w o r k e r s N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s I n ce n tiv e w ork ers A v era g e N um ber h o u r ly of e a rn in g s w ork ers T imewiorkers Number of w orkers A verage hourly earnings Incet itive worlcers A verage Number hourly of earnings w orkers W om en K n ittin g : K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ---------------------------------K n it t e r s , s t r i n g ----------------------------------------K n it t e r s , t r a n s f e r -----------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic -------------------------------B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c ----------P r e b o a r d e r s -----------------------------------------------M i s c e ll a n e o u s : B o x e r s --------------------------------------------------------E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s i e r y i n s p e c t o r s ) . F o ld e r s and b o x e r s ----------------------------------L o o p e r s , t o e ---------------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, f i n is h ----------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y ------------------------------P a i r e r s -------------------------------------------------------S e a m e r s , t o e ---------------------------------------------- 535 84 - _ - $ 1. 31 1 .2 7 - _ - 12 2 1 .2 6 1 .2 8 1 .2 9 98 106 89 15 1 .2 9 1. 32 1 .2 7 1 .2 8 1, 528 1, 487 116 - 1 .9 4 1 .9 4 1. 35 28 166 1, 486 833 140 $ 1 .4 7 1 .4 7 1. 33 380 682 138 1 .4 1 1 .4 0 1 .4 9 125 814 714 2, 251 85 149 1 ,0 1 3 1, 270 1. 32 1 .4 3 1 .4 4 1 .4 5 1 .4 0 1. 35 1 .4 4 1. 57 - - " " 302 “ _ _ - - - 24 - - - 63 - 31 21 - $ 1 . 28 1. 25 1 . 29 - 408 84 - $ 1 .2 9 1 .2 7 - 8 1 .4 6 1. 54 1. 36 105 96 1 .4 1 1 .8 2 - 50 340 - _ _ - 1 .6 4 - _ $ 1. 54 " - _ 1, 048 7 37 104 $ 1 .4 6 1 .4 7 1. 34 330 538 121 1 .4 0 1. 39 1 .4 5 96 695 607 1, 713 74 125 822 1, 126 1. 31 1 .4 2 1 .4 5 1 .4 2 1 .4 0 1. 31 1 .4 3 1. 55 77 67 1 .2 6 1. 28 31 51 53 1 .2 7 1 .2 8 1. 26 1, 240 1, 211 94 - 1 .9 2 1 .9 1 1. 28 - 270 95 1 .5 0 1. 39 _ 120 326 90 1. 50 1 .4 3 1. 75 _ _ M en K n it t in g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 3 -----------------------------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a lf - h o s e K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ---------------------K n it t e r s , s t r i n g ----------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic -------------------B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t ic P r e b o a r d e r s ------------------------------------ 29 1 .4 5 “ _ - 306 95 1 .5 4 1. 39 153 450 131 1 .5 3 1 .5 0 1 .7 9 141 135 - 2 . 09 2 . 08 - - 14 - " _ _ - - - 124 34 - 1 .7 7 - 1 .7 0 1 .9 1 _ ' 1 2 3 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s, and la te s h ift s . I n clu d e s da ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d it io n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . I n clu d e s da ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: D a s h e s in d ic a t e n o d a ta r e p o r t e d o r d a ta that d o not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a . Table 25. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Earnings—North Carolina (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O O c c u p a t io n and s e x A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s W o m e n --------------------------------------------------------M e n ________________________ ______________ N u m b er of w ork ers 12 , 112 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f— A vera g e h o u r ly U nder e a r n in g s 1 $ 1.25 $ 1 .2 5 and u n d er $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2. 20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $21 70 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2.00 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 over 1055 846 209 969 748 674 567 107 1255 971 284 875 660 215 584 347 237 443 193 250 100 100 202 48 15 33 84 81 158 _ 158 12 2 12 24 _ 10 2 12 2 12 10 2 2 _ 34 _ 34 24 15 _ 15 _ 1 1 1 9 2 1 1 1 1 and 9, 107 3, 005 $ 1.46 1.41 1.61 261 245 16 3441 3045 396 1617 1215 402 1, 140 390 750 661 72 589 18 1.41 1.29 1.47 1.46 1.27 1.48 1.34 _ _ 373 245 128 135 45 90 9 160 1 114 47 67 69 _ 69 _ _ 70 _ 70 _ 290 1.41 _ 133 31 14 20 12 33 17 19 7 2 1 452 115 1.38 1.45 _ _ 207 37 68 35 29 33 14 6 21 10 9 37 9 17 12 10 4 3 2 113 1.30 _ 80 11 7 6 3 5 _ _ 1 607 74 533 510 487 1, 305 53 9 44 _ _ _ _ - 188 60 128 151 132 505 25 7 18 61 3 58 254 87 85 5 80 49 47 126 4 _ 4 54 31 _ 31 49 49 104 58 _ 58 54 _ 54 33 33 84 3 _ 3 _ _ _ 35 35 119 29 11 2 29 17 17 57 5 _ 5 _ _ _ 25 25 87 4 _ 4 19 19 25 _ _ 4 _ 53 45 43 117 3 _ 3 4 9 9 11 4 4 4 4 6 8 2 2 2 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 654 851 1.42 1.27 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.41 1.37 1.26 1.39 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.42 1.43 1.58 5 1, 004 995 251 92 159 72 1.93 1.43 1.28 1.52 1.42 - 221 302 299 92 207 140 36 104 17 83 21 7 14 22 2 20 4 4 2 1 1 W om en K n ittin g : K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ____________ _________ T im e __________________ ____ . __________ _ I n c e n t iv e -----------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , s t r i n g ________________________ T im e ------------------------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e _____________ ________________ K n it t e r s , t r a n s f e r 2 b / B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic 2 b / _________ __ _ B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u t o m a t ic 2 b / ____________________________ P r e b o a r d e r s 2 b / _____________ ___________ M is c e lla n e o u s : B o x e r s 2 b / _________________________________ E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) ______________ ______________ T im e ___________________________ _______ I n c e n t iv e ________________________ _____ F o ld e r s and b o x e r s . ____ _____________ I n c e n t iv e ________________________________ L o o p e r s , t o e 2 b / ______ ___ M e n d e r s , hand, fi n is h ___________________ T im e -------------------------------I n c e n t iv e -----------------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y _______ ___________ T i m e ------------------------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ___ _______ ________ _______ P a i r e r s -------------------------I n c e n t iv e ___________ __________________ S e a m e r s , t o e 2 b / _______ ________________ 100 24 76 688 - 222 120 86 2 74 74 82 62 5 57 22 52 4 8 79 57 57 145 8 2 6 22 20 2 79 77 78 1 10 71 76 _ 76 3 _ 112 _ 112 68 68 120 2 3 _ 3 3 _ _ 1 10 1 2 2 2 9 80 80 52 2 2 56 56 80 43 43 39 3 69 69 115 _ _ 21 21 21 67 62 62 26 160 160 4 67 13 26 3 4 _ _ _ 9 _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 10 1 1 26 26 11 11 1 1 1 1 3 _ 20 20 11 11 8 8 47 30 45 3 3 24 210 2 10 175 174 _ 170 166 84 81 1 1 2 2 1 1 - - 2 2 1 1 2 2 - M en K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 2 a / 3 ___________________________ S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a l f - h o s e 2 a / ___ K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ______________________ T i m e _________ _______________________ I n c e n t iv e ________________________________ K n it t e r s , s t r i n g 2 b / ___________ ________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic 2 b / ________________ B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c 2 b / ____________________________ P r e b o a r d e r s _______________________________ I n c e n t i v e ___________________ ____________ 1.92 - - 68 33 21 59 9 11 13 3 12 10 18 7 _ 17 9 8 10 _ _ 21 8 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 18 _ 1 _ 64 63 _ 1 90 1.48 - 24 9 11 6 3 12 9 6 4 2 2 2 183 87 83 1.45 1.74 1.76 _ - 56 26 15 17 10 24 3 3 6 7 5 7 3 3 7 7 10 6 6 4 5 5 2 7 7 3 6 13 15 15 1 8 8 3 5 5 1 5 5 1 ' . 1 3 3 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and late s h if t s . I n s u f f i c i e n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t i o n of s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e t h o d of w a g e p a y m e n t ; I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w o r k e r s i n c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . ( a) all or predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all or predom inantly incen tive workers. Table 26. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Earnings—Tennessee (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , S e p t e m b e r 1964) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— N u m ber of w ork ers O c c u p a t io n and s e x A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 $ 1.25 $ 1.25 $1.30 $1.35 $ 1 .4 0 and 1irir|p r “ “ $ 1 .3 0 ^ W o m e T ' 011 W M crT n $1 .4 5 $1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $1.7 0 $1 .8 0 $1 .9 0 $ 2.10 $ 2 .2 0 " $ 2 .3 0 $ 2.40 _ _ $ 1.35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .5 0 $1 .6 0 $1.7 0 12 8 103 79 49 $1.45 83 80 52 81 53 20 28 28 $1 .9 0 $2.0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $2.2 0 10 1 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 . 3 " 1 2 $2.5 0 1 1 19 26 4 22 1 _ _ - - - - - - - - - “ $2. 50 6 - - - 1 - - “ - - - - " - _ $ 2.60 1 " 27 50 28 22 1, 5 0 1 1, 0 3 6 465 16 $2 .0 0 " $ 1.43 12 1.40 488 388 100 236 154 82 158 102 1.49 7 5 56 97 75 22 127 40 1 .4 1 1.47 36 2 12 16 4 5 11 11 13 13 3 22 4 11 _ 3 - 43 1.45 - 6 2 5 14 8 4 1 " 1 1 35 53 1.33 " 21 1 1 14 _ 4 13 1 1 5 - - - 19 - Z7 35 16 6 10 - 8 3 - 8 9 _ _ “ 1 W om en K n ittin g : K n it t e r s Rti n ^ V>/ _________ ... B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t ic 2 b / ------------------------------------------M is c e l l a n e o u s : E x a m i n e r s , | r e y ( h o s ie r y F o l d e r s and b o x e r s 2 b / --------------------------r \ p o y Q tnp ^ H/ ______ _ Ktc n d c r s Imnrl fin is h ^ri/ 216 18 23 84 1.33 1.52 1.27 1.30 ™ r - 59 1.46 1.36 90 P 3. i r ° r G ^ H S e a m e r s , to e _ b / 1.39 37 52 8 1 20 7 11 17 4 6 1 4 6 16 1 3 3 . _ _ _ 11 11 33 1.88 28 _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 25 18 14 19 7 - 9 1 2 2 2 - 1 “ ~ - ' - “ “ ■ ■ " “ 1 - - “ 21 7 4 7 M en K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s , s e a m le s s h o s i e r y , B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ 2 f - 11 J-----1 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . I n s u ff ic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m eth od o f w a g e p a y m en t; . (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r : and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w ork ers. Table 27. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Earnings—Hickory—Statesville, N.C. (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , S e p t e m b e r 1964) O c c u p a t io n and s e x A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s . W o m e n _______________ M e n ___________________ N u m b er A v e r a g e of h o u r ly w o r k e r s e a rn in g s N u m b e r c)f w o r k e r s r e c e living si:r a ig h t-•time h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f — U nder $1.25 $1.2 5 and u n d er $ 1.3 0 $1.3 0 $1.3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $1.4 5 $ 1.5 0 $1.6 0 $1.7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2.00 $2 . 1 0 $ 2 .4 0 $2.5 0 ' $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.9 0 - - - - - - _ $ 2.00 $2 . 1 0 $ 2.20 $ 2.30 $ 2 ,4 0 $2.5 0 $ 2.60 240 151 89 185 90 95 124 49 75 117 66 22 12 19 47 12 2 10 $ 2.20 ' $2.30 $ 1.4 6 1.40 85 83 1.66 2 479 267 1.36 1.27 1.48 1.46 1.29 1.48 - $1,4 0 $1.4 5 $1.5 0 $ 1,60 1581 1449 132 565 469 96 371 300 71 330 281 49 219 191 28 393 313 80 324 260 64 246 4, 679 3, 690 989 $1.35 $1.7 0 94 62 32 51 21 2 29 35 3 19 9 27 45 _ 45 11 1 10 12 19 43 5 38 12 49 59 35 45 3 17 19 5 9 5 2 1 1 49 59 45 17 5 5 2 1 1 $2.60 $ 2.70 95 37 7 30 13 4 13 8 _ _ $2.70 $2.80 4 1 4 1 _ ~ " ~ W om en Knitting: K n itte rs, a u to m a tic _______ T im e ______________________ Incentive_________________ K n itte rs, s t r in g ___________ T im e ______________________ Incentive_________________ Boarding and preboarding: B o a r d e r s, autom atic o / _ B o a r d e r s, other than autom atic 2 b / ______________ P reb oard ers 2 b / ____________ M isc ella n e o u s: ’ E x a m in e r s, g r e y (h o siery in sp e c to r s)_________________ T im e ______________________ Incentive_________________ F o ld e rs and b o x e r s ________ Incentive_________________ L o o p e rs, toe 2 b / ___________ M e n d ers, hand, finish 2 b / . M e n d ers, hand, g r e y _____ T im e ______________________ Incentive__________________ P a ir e r s 2 b / __________________ S e a m e r s, toe 2 b / ___________ 212 400 42 358 - 200 46 76 15 61 22 29 2 86 1.42 - 28 18 8 8 4 7 1 5 3 2 1 1 1.37 1.50 _ 104 16 8 4 1 11 1 10 5 1 1 6 5 16 7 2 2 2 : - 343 40 303 130 107 525 16 50 16 34 251 321 1.40 1.27 1.42 1.46 1.49 1.40 1.30 1.30 1.29 1.30 1.46 1.54 60 5 55 16 16 56 51 5 46 5 3 43 12 1 32 3 29 99 60 13 1 1 1 _ _ “ : 1 . 179 34 “ " * 1 0 " _ _ _ - 115 29 86 56 37 219 34 4 _ 13 42 19 2 2 4 42 10 8 40 2 6 6 11 2 55 19 4 4 19 1 6 6 13 9 9 44 4 4 5 1 - - - " " “ " " ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 1 33 : 1 _ _ 6 6 30 2 1 1 \ " ' ' 12 1 _ 20 12 25 13 15 3 31 32 7 52 3 1 2 5 5 3 22 22 1 _ 2 2 2 2 3 25 42 12 4 4 12 15 6 6 3 48 12 4 9 10 62 62 82 82 66 66 81 79 33 33 - _ _ _ - 2 1 1 ~ 1 ~ _ " " " “ " " _ - M en K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 2 a / 3 _____________________ S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a l f - h o s e 2 K n it t e r s , s t r in g 2 b / ______________ I B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic 2 a / _________ B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t ic 2 b / ______________________ 398 395 24 1.93 1.93 1.37 - 17 1.48 - 59 1.47 9 5 1 - 9 1 - 2 - 2 2 19 8 5 3 2 7 3 6 2 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 3 I n s u ff ic ie n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m en t; (a) a ll da ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n s 8 8 5 5 _ 9 9 2 2 i i - - - . - • . I n c lu d e s 22 21 in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . T p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s . Table 28. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Earnings—Winston-Salem—High Point, N.C. (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , O c t o b e r 1964) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g !5 Of---N u m ber of w ork ers O c c u p a t io n and s e x A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s U n der $ 1.25 $ 1 .2 5 “ $ 1 .3 0 and “ $ 1 .3 0 $1.3 5 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2. 20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 " $ 1 .4 0 " $ 1 .4 5 " $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2.00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2. 20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 over 473 353 297 165 132 224 90 134 157 46 127 41 6 111 86 57 14 43 48 3 3 11 1 10 87 87 25 8 8 5 5 1 1 2 2 _ _ _ _ - 17 10 4 - - - - - “ ~ “ and 1113 972 141 887 636 251 539 421 118 469 323 146 71 690 510 180 1.48 1.50 1.48 _ _ 55 37 51 51 27 11 27 27 19 34 34 24 41 41 27 106 106 53 96 1.48 _ 22 13 5 6 5 1 7 13 11 231 - 127 123 4 417 375 241 M e n ______________________________________ $ 1.48 1.43 1.60 369 4, 021 1, 615 1.40 _ 76 52 21 15 6 23 21 1 0 158 332 616 24 18 28 303 295 335 1.47 1.45 1.43 1.38 1.42 1.32 1.43 1.43 1.61 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 77 19 38 70 7 5 9 38 36 30 23 44 71 3 3 9 26 50 3 3 12 15 47 60 8 2 29 29 23 28 28 27 24 24 471 174 44 1.94 1.49 1.46 29 9 10 _ 7 9 21 6 53 1.56 _ 8 4 2 5 3 99 37 1.47 1.65 _ _ 24 12 2 7 14 3 5 298 120 58 10 32 15 17 W om en K n ittin g : K n it t e r s s t i-m 17 2 b / B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : ]^nqf,r|p|*s antn m a tir h / B o a r d e r s , o th e r than ant n m ^ t i r h / ...... M is c e lla n e o u s : E x a m i n e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y in c p p r tn r t;) Z P / t .. JT'ritd'^r^ ^ n rl h n v p r ^ ^h / ] fnp ^ h / M p n d p r « h^^^ fin is h _ __. . . . . . M e n d e r '’ hand r ~ ^ zu l an ’ g r e y ---| n Ppt i p _______ _____ _ S e a m e r s , toe 2 b / --------------------------------------- 200 5 1 8 - 97 91 41 - 9 40 58 2 2 1 22 1 1 - ” 2 4 1 12 10 2 2 10 24 48 3 3 13 38 - 13 5 11 1 5 5 25 5 5 4 3 - 21 - - - 34 34 49 25 25 36 13 13 24 _ 67 14 26 85 4 2 2 107 - 93 - 10 9 4 2 2 17 4 10 10 4 5 2 3 2 _ - 1 2 2 - - 1 1 2 - 71 10 - - - “ - 5 1 1 10 1 1 11 37 - 37 15 3 ■ - - - 2 2 z 1 4 - - 2 2 11 - M en K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s , s e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a lf h nQp 2 3 / _____ _ K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic 2 b / -------------------------K n itte r s ^ t r in g ^ h / B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B oa rd ers a n t^m ritin ^ B o a r d e r s , o th e r than v c 2K/ -p y 1 2 _ 2 1 4 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m eth od o f w a g e p a y m e n t; 2 (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r : 1 and (b) a ll ~ - 1 9 - ~ - ■ 1 - o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . Table 29. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Scheduled Weekly Hours ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s b y s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s , 1 U n ited S ta tes, s e le c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r —O c t o b e r 1964) R e g io n s U n ited S ta tes 2 W e e k ly h ou r s 1 M id d le A tla n tic S tates S ou th ea st N orth C a r o lin a A reas T en n essee H ick o r y State s v i l l e , N .C . W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r s ........ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 3 92 U n der 40 h o u r s ._ __ _ . 40 h o u r s .. .. ___ 42 h o u r s . ... . . 45 h o u r s _ ............................. 13 2 68 95 3 97 100 100 94 - - - 100 100 100 2 2 19 _ 2 6 O ffi c e w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r s . .. . .. 35 h ou rs 3 7 1/? h o u r s _ 40 h o u r s ........... _ O v e r 40 h o u r s .................. 2 3 100 ........... 3 __ 8 100 _ 87 14 78 1 8 100 5 9 85 (3 ) 100 7 7 86 D ata r e la t e to p r e d o m in a n t w o r k s c h e d u le o f f u l l- t im e d a y -s h i ft w o r k e r s in e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t . I n c lu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t . NOTE; B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , su m s of in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n ot e q u a l t o t a ls . _ 100 6 1 12 93 79 9 Table 30. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Shift Differential Provisions ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y sh ift d i ff e r e n t ia l p r o v i s i o n s , 1 U n ited S ta te s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r —O c t o b e r 1964) s e le cte d re g io n s , R e g io n s S h ift d i f f e r e n t ia l U n ited S ta tes 2 N o rth C a r o lin a M id d le A t la n t ic T en n essee 100.0 H ic k o r y — S t a t e s v ille , N .C . S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C ._____ S e c o n d s h ift W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a vin g s e c o n d - s h i f t p r o v i s i o n s ---------------W ith s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l ---------------U n ifo r m c e n t s p e r h o u r -------5 c e n t s _____________________ 6 c e n t s _____________________ 10 c e n t s -------------------------------U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e -------------1 V 2 p e r c e n t -----------------------5 p e r c e n t __________________ O t h e r ___________________________ W ith n o sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l ---------- 98.1 21.8 13.7 6.6 1.9 5.1 6 .4 2.5 4 .0 1.7 7 6.3 8 9 .0 21.6 4 .9 4 .9 9 9 .2 10.5 5.7 5.7 9 9.6 7 .0 2.7 2.7 1 2 .6 3.2 3.2 100.0 6 .9 6 .9 6 .9 4.3 4.3 12 .6 4.1 6 7 .4 1.6 3 9 .4 3 9.4 3 9 .4 9 9.2 9.3 9.3 88.8 9 2.6 6 0.6 93.1 8 9.8 8 1 .4 4 7 .6 14.6 8 6.7 33.7 12.1 5.9 8 5.5 28.3 7.2 1.6 100.0 3 9.4 3 9.4 17.5 83.1 4 7 .4 9.7 8 2 .9 2 1 .4 7.3 3 .5 14.6 4 .0 2.7 2.9 2 1.9 6.9 _ 2.8 3.8 T h ir d o r o t h e r la te sh ift W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g th ir d - o r oth er la t e -s h ift p r o v i s i o n s ___________________________ W ith s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l ---------------U n ifo r m c e n t s p e r h o u r -------5 c e n t s ______________________ 6 c e n t s ______________ 10 c e n t s _____________ 15 c e n t s _____________ 20 c e n t s _____________ U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e — 3 p e r c e n t ___________ 5 p e r c e n t ___________ 10 p e r c e n t _________ O t h e r ___________________ W ith n o s h ift d i f f e r e n t ia l 1 2 87.3 4 2 .3 19.4 4 .5 1.9 10.3 1.6 1.0 13.3 3.5 1.1 8.7 9.6 4 5 .0 2.1 2 3.5 8.6 2.3 12 .6 9.5 3 3.8 10.5 3 .2 1.0 6.2 11.1 5 3.0 R e f e r s t o p o l i c i e s o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s e it h e r c u r r e n t ly o p e r a t in g la te In c lu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: B ecau se o f ro u n d in g , 14.0 4.3 1.4 8.3 7.1 5 7.2 s h ifts o r h a vin g p r o v is i o n s su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u a l t o t a ls . _ _ _ - 25.1 _ _ _ _ 3.6 2 1.5 6 0.6 3 5.7 12. 6 c o v e r i n g la te s h ifts - 9.3 9.3 - 4.7 6 1 .5 Table 31. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Shift Differential Practices (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s on la te s h ifts b y a m ou n t o f s h ift d iff e r e n t ia l, U n ited S ta tes, S ta tes , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O R e g io n s U n ited S ta tes 1 S h ift d i ff e r e n t ia l M id d le A t la n t ic s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , S ta tes S o u th e a st N orth C a r o lin a A reas T en n es s e e H ic k o r y — S t a te s v ille , N. C. W in s t o n S a le m H ig h P oin t, N. C. S e c o n d s h ift W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d o n s e c o n d s h ift _______ R e c e iv in g s h ift d i f f e r e n t ia l--------- -------U n ifo r m ce n t s p e r h o u r _____________ 5 c e n t s -------------------------------------------6 c e n t s _____________________________ 10 c e n t s ____________________________ U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e -------------------------1 V2 p e r c e n t ..................— ..................— 5 p e r c e n t ---------------------------------------O the r ----------------------------------------------------R e c e iv in g no s h ift d i f f e r e n t ia l ------------------------- 15. 3 3. 6 2 .4 1.0 .5 .9 .9 .3 .6 .2 1 1 .7 6 0 0 0 16. 0 .8 .8 .8 _ _ - - - - - 14. 2 6. 6 15. 2 12. 2 7. 3 2. 8 . 7 . 4 . 3 7. 2 2. 0 . 3 8. 7 6. 2 3. 4 . 4 1 .4 . 3 . 1 . 1 7. 4 3. 2 3. 2 . 9 2. 3 - . . 1 - . 1 - - . 3 . 1 - . 1 - 8 1.0 - 13. 1 3. 2 .4 .4 15. 3 1 .5 - - - .4 .4 2. 3 2. 3 .5 9 .9 1.0 1.0 - .2 13. 8 15. . . . 0 3 3 14. 8. 8. 8. - - .5 . 5 - - 8 13. 3 1. 1 _ _ _ _ 1. 1 1. 1 - T h ir d o r o t h e r la te sh ift W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on th ir d o r o t h e r la t e s h i f t ----------------------------------------------------------------------------R e c e iv in g s h ift d i f f e r e n t ia l ----------------------------------U n ifo r m ce n t s p e r h o u r ----------------------------------5 c e n t s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------10 c e n t s --------------------------------------------------------------------------15 c e n t s ___________________________________ 20 c e n t s --------------------------------------------------------------------------U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e ---------------------------------------------3 p e r c e n t ---------------------------------------------------------------------5 p e r c e n t ------------------------------------- -------------------------------10 p e r c e n t -------------------------------------------------------------------O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------R e c e iv in g no s h ift d i f f e r e n t ia l ------------------------- 1 2 7. 0 3. 3 1. 1 . 3 . 7 . 1 6. 1 4. 3 1. 3 - 1. 3 (2 ) - 1 .9 1. 0 3. 7 2. 5 .4 . 2 2. 0 . 5 1. 9 1.2 . 2 . . . 3 1 4 1. 3 4. 5 . . I n clu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g, su m s of in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n ot e q u a l t o t a ls . . . 4 1 . . 6 6 5. 2 1. 7 . - - - 3 1. 5 1. 3 5. 3 . . 4. 2 . 2 8 8 3 4. 8 Table 32. Men’s Hosiery Mills: * Paid Holidays ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r pa id h o lid a y s , U nited S ta te s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O R e g io n s United S ta tes 1 N u m b e r o f pa id h o lid a y s M id d le A tla n tic S ta tes N orth C a r o lin a S o u th e a st A reas T en n essee H ic k o r y — S t a t e s v ille , N .C . W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s __________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g pa id h o l i d a y s ______________________________ 2 d a y s _____________________________________ 3 d a y s _____ ________________________________ 4 d a y s _____________________________________ 5 d a y s -------------------------------------------------------6 d a y s _____________________________________ 7 d a y s _____________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no pa id h o l i d a y s ___________________________ A l l w o r k e r s __________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 21 9 5 (2 ) 71 13 43 15 - 3 1 2 1 1 1 17 17 2 2 - - - - - - 79 29 97 99 83 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 71 96 58 1 8 10 11 22 39 3 14 81 - 61 1 8 66 1 5 15 28 33 - 6 - ( 2) 4 2 - O ffi c e w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g pa id h o l i d a y s ______________________________ 1 d a y _______________________________________ 2 d a y s -------------------------------------------------------3 d a y s _____________________________________ 4 d a y s _____________________________________ 5 d a y s _____________________________________ 6 d a y s _____________________________________ 7 days _ __ ---------- ------ - 7 d a y s p lu s 2 h a lf d a y s _________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no pa id h o l i d a y s ----------------------------------------- 1 2 5 6 12 1 2 27 54 15 - 29 4 27 17 4 - B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g , 10 1 1 20 2 - 22 - 42 39 34 61 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: - su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a ls . - 4 9 20 38 11 19 - Table 33. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Paid Vacations (P e r c e n t of p r o d u c t io n and o ff ic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith fo r m a l p r o v is i o n s fo r p a id v a c a t io n s a ft e r s e l e c t e d p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , U nited S ta tes, s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O R e g io n s V a c a t io n p o l ic y U nited S ta tes 1 S ta tes A reas H ic k o r y — S t a t e s v ille , N .C . W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . M id d le A tla n tic S ou th ea st 100 100 100 100 73 7 64 91 25 64 67 3 62 85 17 65 - 61 68 75 5 N orth C a r o lin a T en n essee P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r s _________________________________ 100 100 100 M e th o d o f p a y m en t W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id v a c a t i o n s -------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t ---------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t-----------------------------F l a t - s u m p a y m e n t ______________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id v a c a t i o n s ________ _____________ 63 79 - 2 2 2 2 _ 65 _ 27 9 33 37 15 35 21 85 15 35 4 9 63 7 26 35 4 9 63 7 A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 2 A fte r 1 y ea r of s e r v ic e U n d er 1 w e e k _________ ______ _______ ____ 1 w e e k ------------ ------------------------------------------ _ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ________________ 10 5 10 10 57 3 86 50 3 44 5 14 50 3 14 44 5 10 10 17 3 36 16 5 32 - - A fte r 3 y e a rs of se r v ic e U n d er 1 w e e k ________________________________ 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ________________ 11 5 59 3 86 9 5 40 - 85 - A fte r 5 y e a r s of se r v ic e U n d er 1 w e e k __________ ___________________ 1 w e e k ________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ------------------------2 w e e k s ______________________________________ 18 3 44 _ 46 22 _ 63 15 30 4 17 9 8 7 55 A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d er 1 w e e k ________________________________ 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ________________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________ 9 15 3 47 5 13 _ 73 10 10 17 3 36 16 5 32 22 _ 63 15 30 4 17 9 8 7 55 A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 3 U n d er 1 w e e k ________________________________ 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s __________________ 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s __________________ 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------- See footn otes at end of tab le . 9 15 3 45 (4 ) 1 5 13 - 64 _ 10 10 10 17 3 36 16 _ 5 32 _ . _ 63 _ 22 15 30 4 17 _ 9 8 7 55 _ Table 33. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Paid Vacations---- Continued 0) (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in m ills w ith fo r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p a id v a c a t io n s a ft e r s e l e c t e d p e r io d s of s e r v i c e , U n ited S ta te s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O R e g io n s U nited S ta tes 1 V a c a t io n p o l i c y M id d le A tla n tic S ta tes S o u th ea st N orth C a r o lin a A reas T en n essee H ic k o r y — S t a te s v ille , N .C . W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . O ffi c e w o r k e r s A1workers__________________________________ 1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 84 100 M e th o d o f p a y m e n t W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id v a c a t i o n s -------------------------- ---------- __ L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t ----------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ____________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id v a c a t i o n s ----------------- — -------- _ 77 23 93 89 4 94 90 4 98 98 - 94 85 9 97 97 12 5 “ 7 6 2 6 3 1 1 1 _ 41 37 66 1 3 97 - 1 2 43 - 50 54 33 3 46 5 41 _ 25 72 1 3 84 14 - A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 2 A fte r 1 y e a r of s e r v ic e U n d er 1 w e e k ________________________________ 1 w e e k ____ __ _________ ________ _______________ _ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s -------------------------2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------- 50 A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d er 1 w e e k — ________ — --------- — 1 w e e k ___________ _____________________ ___ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ---------------- --2 w e e k s ____ __ __________________________ 44 1 49 _ 1 1 38 34 66 1 2 52 57 33 3 42 5 44 . 22 76 A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d er 1 w e e k ____ _ -------------------- -----------1 w e e k -________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s --------------- -------2 w e e k s ________________ ___________ _______ 1 41 1 52 3 62 35 _ 1 1 38 34 66 1 2 52 57 33 3 42 5 44 _ 22 76 A fte r 5 y e a r s of s e r v ic e U n der 1 w e e k __________ _________ — -----1 w e e k -________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s _________________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________ 1 25 1 68 3 36 61 _ 1 1 28 30 1 2 33 - 62 60 66 3 42 5 44 . 15 82 A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 3 U n der 1 w e e k __ _ ----------------------------------1 w e e k __________ __________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s _________________ 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------- ------ _ 1 3 1 1 19 20 24 24 33 1 2 - 67 67 66 1 73 _ 77 3 26 5 60 _ 15 82 1 1 In c lu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 2 V a c a t io n p a y m e n t s , su ch as p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s and f l a t - s u m a m o u n ts, w e r e c o n v e r t e d to an e q u iv a le n t tim e b a s is . P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f le c t the in d iv id u a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n s . F o r e x a m p le , c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a t e d at 10 y e a r s m a y in clu d e ch a n g es in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . 3 V a c a t io n p r o v is i o n s w e r e v ir t u a lly the sa m e a fte r lo n g e r p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e . 4 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . N O T E :* B ecause o f rou n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u a l to t a ls . Table 34. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m i l l s w ith s p e c i f ie d h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s, U n ited S ta tes , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O R e g io n s T y p e o f plan 1 U n ited S ta tes 2 M id d le A tla n tic State s S ou th ea st N orth C a r o lin a Ar<eas T en n essee H ic k o r y State s v il le , N. C . W in sto n S a le m H igh P o in t, N. C . P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s ___________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L ife in s u r a n r .fi............ ....... A c c id e n t a l d ea th and d i s m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e ________________________________ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b oth 3 ____________________ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e ___ S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y , no w a itin g p e r io d ) .... . . S ic k le a v e (p a r t ia l pay o r w a itin g p e r io d ) --------------------------------H o s p it a liz a t io n in s u r a n c e _______________ S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e _______________________ M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e ----------------------------------C a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e __________________ R e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n ______________________ N o p l a n s ___________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 81 71 45 74 73 85 65 42 16 49 47 85 40 50 30 30 45 45 28 28 25 25 63 63 17 17 38 38 _ _ _ _ 2 66 15 89 75 60 - _ 67 67 63 63 21 _ 46 46 46 88 88 8 35 7 9 19 24 15 11 11 28 7 100 100 100 100 63 29 62 62 23 8 10 14 16 13 8 12 11 19 _ 19 O ffic e w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s _________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L ife i n s u r a n c e ___________________________ A c c id e n t a l d ea th and d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e ________________________________ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b oth 3 ____________________ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e ___ S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y , no w a itin g p e r i o d ) --------------------------------S ic k le a v e (p a r t ia l pay o r w a itin g p e r i o d ) ______________________ H o s p it a liz a t io n in s u r a n c e _______________ S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e _______________________ M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e C a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e __________________ R e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n ______________________ N o p l a n s ___________________________________ 100 100 100 76 58 80 79 86 62 94 42 19 47 41 86 38 41 45 24 68 39 22 37 15 66 66 28 24 51 58 31 51 21 29 12 47 51 51 94 94 42 1 8 _ _ 73 70 34 94 83 67 66 66 11 22 28 13 6 74 74 30 9 38 18 - 29 11 35 18 _ _ 33 33 33 8 10 7 11 43 14 21 56 4 33 1 I n c lu d e s o n ly t h o se pla n s f o r w h ich at le a s t p a rt o f the c o s t is b o r n e by the e m p l o y e r and e x c lu d e s le g a ll y r e q u ir e d w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n and s o c ia l s e c u r it y . In c lu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . U n d u p lic a te d to ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e and s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . 11 p la n s su ch A ■vj Table 35. Men’s Hosiery Mills: Nonproduction Bonuses * 00 ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith s p e c i f ie d ty p e s o f n o n p r o d u c tio n b o n u s e s , U n ited S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r —O c t o b e r 1964) M id d le A tla n t ic A reas S ta tes R e g io n s U nited S ta tes 1 T ype of bonus S ou th ea st N orth C a r o lin a T en n essee H ick o r y State s v i l l e , N .C . W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s ______________________ __________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s ____ ___ ___________ C h r is t m a s o r y e a r e n d ___________________ P r o f i t s h a r i n g ____________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith no n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s --------------------- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 29 25 5 48 28 19 28 25 3 28 24 4 25 25 - 42 31 11 26 26 - 71 52 72 72 75 58 74 O ffi c e w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s ------------ ------------------- _ ---------- W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s ____ ___ _______ _ C h r is t m a s o r y e a r e n d _____ ___ ________ P r o f i t s h a r i n g ----------- ----------- -----------O t h e r .. __ __ --------- ---------------- ---------W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith no n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s ________ ______ 1 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 44 41 3 (2) 49 31 18 - 38 37 38 37 36 36 44 42 39 39 ( ) (2) - 1 1 " 56 51 62 6 2 64 56 61 100 0 I n c lu d e s data f o r r e g i o n s in a d d ition to t h o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s th a n 0 .5 p e r c e n t . NOTE; B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n ot eq u a l t o t a ls . 1 Part III. Children’s Hosiery Mills Average Hourly Earnings Earnings of the 17,364 production workers in m ills primarily engaged in manufacturing children's hosiery (including women's anklets and socks) aver aged $ 1 .4 6 an hour in September— October 1964 (table 36). Nearly all of the employment in this industry branch was in the Southeast region. Production workers in North Carolina and Tennessee, together accounting for four-fifths of the work force in the Southeast region, averaged $ 1 .4 7 and $ 1 .4 3 an hour respectively; the average for W inston-Salem-High Point, N. C. (the only area surveyed separately in this branch), was $ 1 .4 8 (tables 42— 44). The nationwide average for production workers in September— October 1964 ($ 1 .4 6 ) was 10 percent above the average recorded in February 1962 ($ 1. 33). 1 2 The 13, 390 women in this branch averaged $ 1.42 an hour compared with the $ 1 .5 8 average for the 3 ,9 7 4 men. 1 3 Within the Southeast region, average earnings were nearly the same for metropolitan ($ 1 .4 3 ) and nonmetropolitan areas ($ 1 .4 6 ) and approximately the same for the three m ill-s iz e groups tabulated separately— 20— 99 workers ($ 1.4 5), 100-249 workers ($ 1 .4 4 ) , and 250 workers or more ($ 1 .4 7 ). Earnings of all but about 2 percent of the production workers ranged from $ 1.25 to $ 2 .5 0 an hour (table 37). A third of the workers earned less than $ 1 .3 0 an hour; and about half, less than $ 1 .4 0 ; and two-thirds less than $ 1. 50. Occupational Earnings The occupational classifications for which average straight-time hourly earnings are presented in table 38 accounted for two-thirds of the production workers in this industry branch. Nationwide averages ranged from $ 1. 33 an hour for hand menders (grey), virtually all women, to $ 1. 90 for knitting machine adjusters and fixers, all of whom were men. With the exception of toe seamers ($ 1. 58) and preboarders ($ 1. 55), averages for all remaining jobs were from $ 1 .3 5 to $ 1. 50 an hour. (table Occupational averages w e r e also tabulated by size of community 39), size of m ill (table 40), and method of wage payment (table 41). Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information was also obtained on work schedules, shift provisions and practices^ and selected supplementary benefits including paid holidays and vaca tions, retirement pension plans, life insurance, sickness and accident insurance, hospitalization, and surgical benefits. 13 Op. c i t . , BLS Bulletin 1349, Pt. III. Op. c i t . , footnote 9, p. 7. 49 50 Scheduled Weekly Hours and Shift P ractices. Weekly work schedules of 40 hours were in effect in m ills employing virtually all of the production workers and seven-eighths of the office workers (table 45). Over nine-tenths of the pro duction workers were in m ills with provisions for second shift operations and four-fifths were in m ills with third- or other late-shift provisions (table 46). Nearly 16 percent of the production workers were employed on the second shift and 5 percent on third or other late shifts at the time of the survey (table 47). These workers typically did not receive extra pay for late-shift work. Paid Holidays, Paid holidays (most frequently, 4 or 6 annually) were provided by m ills accounting for a tenth of the production workers and nearly two-thirds of the office workers (table 48). Paid Vacations. Paid vacations, after qualifying periods of service, were provided by m ills employing nearly three-fifths of the production workers and seven-eighths of the office workers (table 49). Most commonly, production workers were eligible for 1 week of vacation pay after 1 year of service and 1 or 2 weeks after 5 years. Paid vacations of longer than 2 weeks were rarely provided. Vacation benefits were more liberal for office than for pro duction workers. Health, Insurance, and Pension P lans. Life, hospitalization, and sur gical insurance for which employers paid all or part of the cost were available to at least three-fifths of the production and office workers (table 50). Acciden tal death and dismemberment, sickness and accident, and medical insurance were frequently reported for both groups of workers. Catastrophe (major medical) insurance was available to a fourth of the office workers, but to less than a tenth of the production workers. Sick leave plans— full pay with no waiting period— were reported for a sixth of the office workers. Pension plans, providing regular payments for the remainder of the w orker's life on retirement (other than Federal social security benefits), were reported by m ills employing nearly a tenth of the office workers; pension benefits for production workers were virtually nonexistent. Nonproduction Bonuses. Nonproduction bonuses, usually paid at Christ mas or yearend, were provided to slightly more than a fifth of the production workers and to about half of the office workers (table 51). Table 36. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Average Hourly Earnings by Selected Characteristics (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , U n ited S ta tes and S o u th e a st r e g io n , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O U n ited S ta tes 2 S o u th ea st Item N u m ber of w ork ers A v e ra g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m ber of w ork ers A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ___________________________ W o m e n ___________________________________________ M e n ______________________________________________ 1 7 ,3 6 4 1 3 ,3 9 0 3, 974 $1.4 6 1.42 1.58 12,866 3, 830 $1.4 6 1.42 1.58 S iz e o f c o m m u n ity : M e t r o p o lit a n a re a s 3 ___________________________ N o n m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s ________________________ 3, 721 13, 643 1.43 1.46 3, 635 1 3 ,0 6 1 1.43 1.46 S iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t: 20— w o r k e r s __________________________________ 99 1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s . _ ____ _ _ . _ .. 250 w o r k e r s o r m o r e __________________________ 3, 860 5 ,9 0 4 7, 600 1.46 1.44 1.47 3, 552 5; 904 7 ,2 4 0 1.45 1.44 1.47 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , 2 In clu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to the S ou th ea st r e g io n . 3 T he t e r m " m e t r o p o li t a n a r e a s " as u s e d in th is stu d y r e f e r s 1 6 ,6 9 6 h o lid a y s , to A vera ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s and la te s h ift s . S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a tis t ic a l A r e a s as d e fin e d b y the U.S. B u r e a u o f the B u d get in 1961. Table 37. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Earnings Distribution ( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , U n ited S ta tes and S o u th e a st r e g io n , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O U nited S ta tes 2 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s A ll w ork ers U n der $ 1 .2 5 U n ited S ta tes 2 S ou th ea st W om en A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s M en A ll w ork ers S ou th ea st W om en M en 1.5 1.8 0.5 1.6 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .3 0 ______________________________ $ 1.3 5 .............. .. $ 1 .4 0 _ . $ 1 .4 5 .. _ . _ .. $ 1 .5 0 _ ........... 31.5 10. 1 35.7 10.5 10.5 7.3 7.2 17.3 8.5 8.7 7.3 5.4 31.5 6.8 $2.5 0 and o v e r ______________________________________ .3 .2 .6 .2 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 .6 0 _____________________________ $ 1 .7 0 ..................... $ 1 .8 0 ______________________________ $ 1 .9 0 ______________________________ $ 2 .0 0 ______________________________ 10.0 6.6 10.1 10.0 6 .7 T o t a l__________________________________________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2.6 9.9 7 .3 8.9 8. 1 1.5 6.2 2.6 1 7 ,3 6 4 $ 1.4 6 1 3 ,3 9 0 $ 1 .4 2 3, 974 $1.5 8 1 6 ,6 9 6 $ 1.46 1 2 3 10 .1 7.3 6.8 5.2 3.9 2.6 6.4 4.1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to the S ou th ea st re g io n . L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , 10.0 10.2 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 10 $ 2 . 2 0 _____________________________ $ 2 .3 0 _____________________________ $2.4 0 $ 2 .5 0 _____________________________ 1.8 1.1 0 .9 .7 .6 .2 .2 .1 ( 3) .1 7.3 5.3 3.8 h o lid a y s , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m ay not eq u a l $ 2.00 $2 . 1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $2.3 0 $ 2.4 0 100. N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s _______ A v e r a g e h o u r lv e a r n in g s 1 ___ 4 .8 2.9 1.8 1.1 2.6 .8 .2 .7 .2 .1 and la te s h ift s . 01 Table 38. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Averages—All Mills (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , U n ited Sta tes and S ou th ea st r e g io n , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O U n ited S ta tes 2 O cc u p a tio n and se x N u m b er of w ork ers K n it t in g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting 3 -------------------------------------c h in e s ma S e a m le s s h o s ie r y , h a l f - h o s e -------------------K n itte r s , a u t o m a t i c ------------------------------ ----------W o m e n ----------------------------------------------------------M e n ---------------------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , r i b -----------------------------------------------------W o m e n ----------------------------------------------------------M e n ---------------------------------------------------------------K n itte r s , s tr i n g -----------------------------------------------W o m e n ----------------------------------------------------------M e n ---------------------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , t r a n s f e r -------------------------------------------W o m e n ----------------------------------------------------------M e n ---------------------------------------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic ---------------------------------------W o m e n ----------------------------------------------------------M e n ---------------------------------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , oth e r than a u t o m a t i c -------------------W om e n ----------------------------------------------------------M e n ---------------------------------------------------------------P r e b o a r d e r s ------------------------------------------------------W o m e n ----------------------------------------------------------M e n ---------------------------------------------------------------M is c e lla n e o u s : B o x e r s ( a ll w o m e n )------------------------------------------E x a m in e r s , g r e y (h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s ) (a ll w o m e n )-----------------------------------------------------F o ld e r s (20 3 w o m e n and 6 m e n ) -------------------F o ld e r s and b o x e r s (842 w om en and 6 m e n ) ------------------------------------------------------L o o p e r s , toe (a ll w o m e n )-------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, fin is h (a ll w o m e n )-------------M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y (7 4 w om en and 2 m e n ) ------------------------------------------------------P a i r e r s (a ll w o m e n )----------------------------------------S e a m e r s , toe (a ll w o m e n ) ------------------------------ 1, 053 en ) (a ll m 994 1 , 188 1 , 016 A vera ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s $ 1 .9 0 1.90 22 1. 45 1 .4 3 1. 52 1. 46 1 .4 4 1 .4 8 1. 48 1 .4 7 1. 52 1. 37 1. 38 1. 32 405 246 159 1, 363 1, 015 348 170 97 73 1 .4 7 1 .4 5 1. 50 1 .4 0 1. 38 1 .4 5 1. 55 1 .4 6 1 .6 7 172 70 33 37 751 625 126 988 966 S o u th e a st N u m ber of w ork ers 1 , 016 962 1, 152 980 172 69 32 37 700 574 126 968 946 A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s $ 1 .8 9 1.90 22 1 .4 4 1 .4 3 1. 52 1 .4 6 1 .4 4 1 .4 8 1 .4 9 1 .4 8 1. 52 1. 37 1. 38 1. 32 397 244 153 1, 339 996 343 156 85 71 1 .4 6 1 .4 5 1 .4 7 1 . 39 1. 38 1 .4 5 1. 57 1 .4 8 1 .6 7 26 1. 38 26 1. 38 567 209 1 .4 2 1. 35 555 209 1 .4 2 1. 35 848 1, 396 74 1 .4 4 1 .4 0 1. 36 796 1, 291 73 1 .4 4 1 .4 0 1. 36 76 1, 005 1, 415 1. 33 1 .4 3 1. 58 71 970 1, 407 1. 34 1 .4 3 1 .5 8 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . In clu d es data f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to the S o u th e a st r e g io n . In clu d es data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . Table 39. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Averages—By Size o f Community (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s b y s i z e of c o m m u n it y , U n ited S ta tes and S ou th ea st r e g io n , S e p t e m b e r —O c t o b e r 1964) U n ited S ta tes 2 O c c u p a tio n and se x M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s S ou th ea st N o n m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s N u m ber of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s N o n m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s N um ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s W om en K n ittin g : K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic K n it t e r s , s t r in p _ _ .. , ___ . K n it t e r s , t r a n s f e r B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u t o m a t ic ______________ M i s c e ll a n e o u s : E x a m i n e r s , g r e y (h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s )______ F o l d e r s and b o x e r s .. __ L o o p e r s , to e M e n d e r s , hand, f i n i s h ________________________ F a ir e r s ............... ............... S e a m e r s . toe 113 85 289 $ 1 .5 7 1.45 1.34 903 540 677 $ 1 .4 2 1.47 1.39 85 289 100 $ 1.52 1.45 1.34 880 489 657 $ 1.42 1.49 1.39 444 1.35 571 1.40 436 1.34 560 1.40 90 231 225 477 611 1 ,1 7 1 54 747 1 ,2 0 6 1.43 1.42 1.40 1.36 1.43 1.58 90 231 258 209 1.35 1.48 1.36 1.37 1.42 1.56 19 256 209 1.35 1.48 1.35 1.37 1.41 1.56 465 559 1 ,0 8 0 54 714 1, 198 1.44 1.43 1.41 1.36 1.43 1.58 174 169 1.97 1.96 879 825 1.89 1.89 169 169 1.96 1.96 847 793 1.88 1.88 115 1.45 233 1.46 115 1.45 228 1.44 20 211 M en K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting m a c h in e s 3 S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a lf- h o s e __ ______ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u to m a tic __ _ 1 2 3 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te In c lu d e s data f o r re g io n s in addition to the S ou th ea st r e g io n . In c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i fic a t i o n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . s h ift s . Table 40. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Averages—By Size o f Establishment 01 * (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 12 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s b y s iz e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t , U n ited S ta tes and S o u th e a st r e g io n , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O S ou th ea st U nited State: E s ta b lis h m e n t s h a v in g — O c c u p a t io n and s e x 1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s 20— v /o r k e r s 99 N u m ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s 250 w o r k e r s o r rn o r e A v era g e N u m b er of h o u r ly e a r n in g s w ork ers 20—99 w o r k e r s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s 100—249 w o r k e r s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 250 w o r k e r s or m ore A v era ge N u m b er of h o u r ly e a r n in g s w ork ers W om en K n ittin g : K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ____________________________ K n it t e r s , s t r i n g ---------- — ----------------------------K n it t e r s , t r a n s f e r --------------------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic --------------------------------- ----B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c _____________ P r e b o a r d e r s - ___________________ ___________ M is c e lla n e o u s : E x a m i n e r s , g r e y (h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) --------F o l d e r s and b o x e r s ----------------------- -----------------L o o p e r s , t o e ---------- ----------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, fi n is h -------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y ----------------------------- -------P a irp r q S e a m e r s , t o e ------------------------------------------------------- 348 127 143 $ 1.36 1.43 1.30 294 $ 1.45 1.52 1.39 374 276 475 $ 1.49 1.45 1.38 312 109 143 $ 1.33 1 .44 1 .30 222 348 49 266 - 1.41 1.36 - 156 292 36 1.44 1.37 1.50 41 457 61 1.55 1.39 1 .44 47 258 - 1.39 1.36 - 292 184 147 228 1.46 1.36 1.39 _ 1.30 1.42 1.38 1.40 1.39 1.35 1.34 1.43 1.52 240 395 603 37 27 415 501 1.41 1.49 1 .40 1.37 1.35 1.43 1.52 180 124 182 - 1.47 1.35 1.38 1.30 1.41 1.68 143 300 565 34 24 360 382 1.89 1.90 1.39 1.50 351 325 61 33 1.9 2 494 479 75 1.89 1.93 1.54 1.61 1.60 1.55 79 _ 23 230 532 222 22 208 524 1.68 294 $ 1.45 1.52 1.39 374 243 455 $ 1.49 1.47 1.39 36 1 .4 4 1.37 1.50 41 446 49 1.55 1.39 1.46 143 300 565 34 24 360 382 1.38 1.40 1.39 1.35 1 .34 1.43 1.52 232 366 544 37 23 402 501 1.41 1.51 1.41 1.37 1.37 1.43 1.52 351 325 61 33 1.92 1.93 1.54 1.61 476 461 75 20 1.57 1.43 79 1.45 1 .40 1.56 59 123 29 1.52 1.42 1.83 348 156 M en K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 3— S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a l f - h o s e -------------------K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , s t r i n g --------------- --------------- ------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic -------------------------------- -----B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u t o m a t i c -------------------P r e b o a r d e r s ------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 208 190 36 73 21 105 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , In c lu d e s data f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n to the S ou th ea st re g io n . In c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d ition to th o se NOTE: 120 42 h o lid a y s , 1.45 1.40 1.56 D a s h e s in d ic a t e no da ta r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r ia . 20 59 123 31 1.52 1.42 1.82 and la te s h ift s . show n s e p a r a t e ly . 1.88 1.57 1.43 189 176 36 73 15 100 1.86 1.88 1.39 1.50 1.38 1.53 120 42 1.89 1.88 Table 41. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Averages—By Method o f Wage Payment (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m en t, U n ited S ta tes and S ou th ea st r e g io n , S e p t e m b e r —O c t o b e r 1964) S ou th ea st U n ited S ta tes 2 O c c u p a tio n and se x T im e w o r k e r s N um ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s T im e w o r k e r s In ce n tiv e w o r k e r s In ce n tiv e w o r k e r s N um ber of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1Z - $ 1 .3 1 - 696 966 $ 1. 49 1. 5Z 1 .4 8 1. 38 ZO 5Z0 946 $ 1 .4 9 1. 5Z 1. 50 1. 38 Z44 1 ,0 1 5 95 1 .4 5 1. 38 1 .4 7 - - Z44 996 83 1 .4 5 1. 38 1. 48 537 155 819 1 ,3 8 9 56 44 1 .4 3 1. 36 1 .4 4 1 .4 0 1 . 39 1. 38 1 .4 3 1. 58 30 48 17 Z5 15 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 5Z5 155 778 1, Z84 56 44 946 1 , 392 1 .4 3 1. 36 1 .4 4 1. 40 1 . 39 1. 38 1. 43 1. 58 985 946 Z7 - 17Z 99 1. 5Z 1 .4 8 1 . 59 99 1. 5Z 1. 48 1 . 59 159 348 71 1. 50 1 .4 5 1 . 68 - 153 343 69 1 . 68 N um ber of w ork ers W om en K n ittin g: K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ----------------------------------------K n it t e r s , r i b -----------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , s t r i n g -----------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , t r a n s f e r -------------------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic ---------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t ic -------------------P r e b o a r d e r s ------------------------------------------------------M i s c e ll a n e o u s : E x a m i n e r s , g r e y (h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) --------F o l d e r s --------------------------------------------------------------F o l d e r s and b o x e r s ------------------------------------------L o o p e r s , t o e _________________________________ M e n d e r s , hand, fi n is h ------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y --------------------------------------F a i r e r s --------------------------------------------------------------S e a m e r s , t o e ------------------------------------------------------ - 13 30 48 - $ 1 .3 1 " 1. Z 6 1. Z 6 - 18 30 15 1. Z 8 1. Z5 1. 51 1, OZZ 978 1. 90 1 .9 0 1 .4 8 - 73Z ZO 571 981 1 ,4 0 0 Z6 Z6 Z8 Z5 51 M en K n ittin g: A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting m a c h in e s 3 ------------------------------------------------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a l f - h o s e -------------------K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ----------------------------------------K n it t e r s , r i b -----------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , s t r i n g -----------------------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic ---------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u t o m a t ic ------------------P r e b o a r d e r s ____________________________________ - Z7 - - 17 Z 10 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te In c lu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to the S ou th ea st r e g io n . I n c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: 1 .8 9 1 .9 0 1 .4 8 - 10 1. 47 1 .4 5 s h ift s , D ashe s in d ic a te no data r e p o r t e d o r da ta that do not m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a . (J1 01 Table 42. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Earnings—North Carolina 01 0) (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , O c t o b e r 1964) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - tim e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f---O c c u p a t io n and se x N u m ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 U n der $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .2 5 and u n d er $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2.20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2. 20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 over 956 776 180 679 512 167 642 535 107 1075 832 243 608 464 318 146 403 229 174 212 116 96 191 93 98 112 470 138 91 40 67 31 34 42 42 50 50 60 60 63 63 13 73 73 80 80 18 43 43 52 52 41 41 15 15 7 7 4 4 4 4 1 1 - 3 3 1 1 16 11 11 2 2 2 2 - 18 50 3 23 45 5 11 9 36 3 29 56 9 14 34 9 8 20 2 4 2 6 7 - 8 1 3 - - 25 23 27 80 80 3 40 40 17 17 3 40 54 54 3 3 31 54 54 30 30 45 80 80 27 27 37 64 82 82 11 11 9 9 - 3 3 - 22 16 12 12 3 1 2 4 5 5 - 11 11 8 6 1 1 6 3 27 18 17 14 6 11 6 14 23 3 and A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ------------------------------- 8 , 905 6 , 904 109 7 2407 2108 299 906 Z, 001 $ 1 .4 7 1 .4 4 1. 57 11 6 M e n ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 654 399 408 369 224 1 .4 2 1. 51 1 .4 8 1. 50 1 . 39 - 262 58 53 50 77 18 18 15 15 36 1 .4 6 - 59 194 _ _ 79 72 81 147 235 228 528 775 15 760 1 .4 4 1 .4 5 1. 37 1 .4 6 1 .4 3 1 .4 3 1. 34 1. 27 1. 39 1. 38 1 .4 5 1. 56 1. 51 1. 56 568 518 103 49 1 .9 0 1.90 1 .4 8 1 .4 5 109 148 36 1 .4 3 1 .4 5 1. 53 695 211 52 60 6 65 17 48 21 6 15 17 12 10 10 10 4 15 3 7 - 2 1 1 1 1 - 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 2 1 1 - - - 1 1 2 2 - • 4 4 - " - - W om en K n ittin g: K n itte r s , a u t o m a t i c ------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , s t r i n g -------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , t r a n s f e r 2 b / ---------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic 2 b / -------- -----------B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u to m a tic 2 b / — P r e b o a r d e r s 2 b / -------------------------------------M i s c e ll a n e o u s : E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) --------------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e --------------------------------------------F o ld e r s 2 b / -----------------------------------------------F o ld e r s and b o x e r s b / -------------------------L o o p e r s , t o e -------------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, fin is h --------------------------T im e ___________________________________ I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y 2 b / ---------------------P a i r e r s 2 b /_ _ ---------------------------------------S e a m e r s , t o e -------------------------------------------T im e ___________________________________ I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------------------- 189 482 55 261 252 136 466 704 697 23 9 14 20 1 .4 0 1. 52 12 10 6 44 61 61 4 1 22 33 4 1 2 1 3 3 107 43 55 55 50 87 87 - 23 - - 12 10 11 3 5 - 30 39 4 15 11 17 11 1 14 22 6 3 - 7 3 11 182 110 2 - - 1 2 4 35 69 96 61 4 57 2 94 7 9 38 48 48 46 80 3 77 28 28 25 97 3 94 30 70 70 48 43 70 63 134 126 10 11 3 3 6 1 - 1 11 11 5 6 6 - - 9 9 7 7 7 - 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 10 2 - 25 25 25 25 3 5 5 4 4 77 70 - 82 76 - 59 53 - 41 39 - 8 8 - 3 3 - - 1 - - - - - - 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 - 1 M en K n ittin g: A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 2 a / 3 ---------------------------------------S e a m le s s T i o s i e r y , h a lf - h o s e ^_a/— K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic ^_b/-------------------------K n it t e r s , s t r in g 2 b /--------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in ^ : B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic __b /----------------------B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u to m a tic ^_b/— P r e b o a r d e r s ^_b/-------------------------------------- 5 7 12 6 8 3 3 5 4 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s by m eth od o f w a g e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s , I n c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to th o se sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . and (b) a ll 1 - or p r e d o m in a n t ly 5 5 - - in c e n t iv e - 2 2 " - ~ - - w ork ers. Table 43. Children’s Hosiery Mills: (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s Occupational Earnings—Tennessee o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , S e p t e m b e r 1964) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t--tim e h o u r ly e a rn in g ;s o f---- O c c u p a t io n and s e x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s --------------------------------W o m e n --------------------------------------------------------M e n _________________________________________ N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 0 h o u r ly and U n der e a r n in g s 1 $ 1.25 u n d er $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 74 o $2,501 $ 2 ."60“ $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2.90 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2. 20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2.90 $ 3 .0 0 5 5 5 3 2 1 - - 2 2 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 6 1 1 2 4 - - - 2 - - - - - 4 - - 6 8 - - - - - - 1 " 1 ~ " - 7 5 “ - 57 - 43 - 27 - 11 2 - - - - - - - - - - - 121 68 57 44 77 17 51 35 30 4 26 - - 1 - - - 2 - 1 1 1 1 13 3 1892 1668 224 443 368 75 483 368 115 356 291 65 337 255 82 402 325 77 305 237 68 254 123 131 no 71 39 43 17 5 27 - 40 17 37 6 2 12 - 30 37 13 47 15 38 36 4 5 38 18 9 5 4 3 4 3 4 6 4 8 5 4 5 3 1 - - 215 26 30 27 12 32 14 10 1.36 1.38 1.44 1.36 1.32 1.29 1.33 1.29 1.25 1.41 1.40 1.51 _ _ 67 50 106 167 19 19 14 45 7 4 3 3 24 24 12 12 8 28 31 3 3 13 13 19 14 - 7 7 18 19 6 6 20 8 2 1 1 1 1 2 - - - 1 1 1 1 - " 128 54 36 24 18 29 19 25 20 26 40 14 15 1.87 1.38 - - - 1 2 3 3 15 - - 78 - 20 - 3 3 8 12 94 1.38 - 39 6 17 4 9 14 3 2 4, 962 3, 878 1, 084 $ 1.43 1.39 1.57 90 82 229 17 90 495 1.44 1.48 1.43 1.36 - 31 269 36 1.43 - 368 1.34 152 135 243 332 27 8 22 1 - - - 1 W om en K n ittin g : K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t ic 2 b / --------------------------K n it t e r s , r i b 2 b / --------------------------- -------K n it t e r s , s t r i n g 2 b / --------- ---------- — K n it t e r s , t r a n s f e r 2 b / ----- ---------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic 2 b / ------------------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u t o m a t ic 2 b / _ ------------------- ---------------M is c e lla n e o u s : E x a m in e rs , g r e y (h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) ----------------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e -----------------------------------------------F o l d e r s and b o x e r s 2 b / --------------------------L o o p e r s , t o e 2 b / ---------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, f i n is h ----------------------------T im e — ----------- - ------------------- ----_ I n c e n t iv e ____________________________ _ M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y -----------------------------T i m e ----------- — -------- — — — — I n c e n t iv e -----------------------------------------------P a i r e r s 2 b / -----------------------------------------------S e a m e r s , to e 2 b / --------------------------------------- 8 19 27 20 7 296 269 2 12 3 9 20 19 6 27 4 1 3 2 16 1 - 1 1 15 - 1 - 1 26 22 6 18 1 - M en K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s , s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , h a lf - h o s e ^_a/ -------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , r ib 2 b / --------------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t ic 2 b / _ ---------------— --------- 264 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t i m e w o r k e r s ; and (b) a ll . - - - - - - - - - - - o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n tiv e 'o r k e r s . 01 -4 Table 44. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Occupational Earnings—Winston-Salem—High Point, N.C. (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , O c t o b e r 1964) O c c u p a t io n and s e x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s _____________________ W om en M e n ________________________________________ N um ber A vera g e of h o u r ly w o r k e r s e a r n in g s N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f — U n der $1.25 $ 1.25 and u n d er $1.3 0 $1.30 $ 1 .3 5 $1.4 0 $1.4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1.60 $ 1.7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $1.9 0 $ 2.00 $2 . 1 0 $ 2.20 $ 2.3 0 $ 2.4 0 $2.5 0 $ 2.6 0 $1.35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1.4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1.7 0 $ 1.80 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2.00 $2.10 $ 2.20 $2.3 0 $ 2.4 0 $ 2.5 0 $2.6 0 over 19 9 11 13 1 5 10 _ 2 2 10 6 3 1 - 3 _ _ and 4, 433 3, 438 995 $1.4 8 1.45 1.57 53 51 1055 941 114 499 376 123 430 339 91 375 295 80 339 289 50 560 443 117 332 246 299 220 2 86 198 10 1 114 106 113 62 51 70 40 30 42 18 24 248 216 1.55 1.51 - 23 30 9 7 45 15 24 20 40 46 31 44 41 4 15 4 4 3 1 1 _ 1 1 _ 1 W om en K n ittin g: K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic 2 b / _____________ ___ 1 K n it t e r s , s t r i n g 2 b /_ _ _ __________________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic 2 b / _______________ B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t ic 2 b / ___________________________ P r e b o a r d e r s 2 b / _________________________ M is c e lla n e o u s : E x a m in e rs , g r e y (h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) 2 b / _________________________ F o l d e r s and b o x e r s 2 b / _________________ L o o p e r s , t o e 2 b / ________________________ M e n d e r s , h a n d , fin is h 2 b / _____________ P a i r e r s 2 b / ________________________________ S e a m e r s , t o e 2 b / ________________________ 11 39 1 72 1.50 - 15 9 15 1 1 14 2 6 1 1 3 3 _ 1 317 26 1.39 1.63 - 139 3 33 _ 28 _ 26 3 23 3 29 3 11 14 6 6 7 _ 1 _ _ _ _ 1 _ 79 244 270 18 282 372 1.40 1.50 1.44 1.46 1.44 1.55 - 28 55 69 4 8 8 8 9 10 23 36 17 26 4 28 37 26 26 22 37 35 5 19 18 _ 1 12 _ 4 1 _ 3 3 _ _ 4 2 3 3 14 1 _ 279 268 47 23 _ - 111 - 58 1.83 1.83 1.57 1.40 - _ 9 - 35 1.43 113 19 1.48 1.61 2 17 32 5 2 2 2 1 2 19 26 18 43 25 46 21 38 17 14 _ 17 36 1 1 13 13 7 25 23 49 49 81 77 10 1 6 6 8 2 _ _ 37 21 _ 7 17 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 _ . 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ 4 1 1 _ 7 1 4 - 1 25 24 _ _ 24 24 6 6 1 1 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ M en K n ittin g: A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 2 a / 3 __________________________ S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a l f - h o s e 2 a / __ K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic 2 b / _________________ K n it t e r s , s t r in g 2 b / ------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic 2 b / _______________ B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u to m a tic 2 b / ----------------------------------------P r e b o a r d e r s 2 b / _________________________ 8 . _ 3 3 11 11 1 2 1 3 _ - 6 11 2 4 4 1 2 3 2 _ _ - 20 9 9 5 17 ir 21 8 _ 2 4 4 2 2 11 2 3 _ _ _ _ - 1 _ _ _ 40 36 _ 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 I n s u ffic ie n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m eth od o f w a g e p a y m en t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , 3 In c lu d e s da ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e l y . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . Table 45. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Scheduled Weekly Hours (P e r c e n t of p r o d u c t io n and o f f ic e w o r k e r s b y s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s , U n ited S ta te s , Sou th ea st r e g io n , s e l e c t e d S ta te s , and a r e a , S e p t e m b e r —O c t o b e r 1964) R e g io n U n ited S ta tes 2 W e e k ly h o u r s 1 S ou th ea st S ta tes N orth C a r o lin a A rea T enn essee W in s to n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s _______________ 40 h o u r s _____ ____________ 48 h o u r s ___________________ _________ ______ ------- -------------------__ -------- ------ ---------- 100 100 100 100 100 98 2 98 2 96 4 100 “ 91 9 100 100 100 100 100 3 5 88 4 _ _ 93 7 O ffic e w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s _________________________________________ U n d er 37 V 2 h o u r s ________ _ — -------- -------------3 7 V 2 h o u r s ______ — __ -------------------------------- 383/4 h o u r s __________________________________________ 40 h o u r s _________________________________________ 44 h o u r s -------------------- --------------------- ------------- 2 3 5 88 3 2 3 5 88 3 14 86 1 D ata r e la t e to p r e d o m in a n t w o r k s c h e d u le o f f u l l- t im e d a y -s h i ft w o r k e r s in e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t . 2 In c lu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to the S ou th ea st r e g io n . NOTE; B e c a u s e of rou n d in g , su m s of in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a ls . 01 (0 Table 46. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Shift Differential Provisions Table 47. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Shift Differential Practices ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y s h ift d i ffe r e n t ia l p r o v is i o n s , 1 U n ited S t a te s , S o u th e a st r e g i o n , s e le c t e d S ta te s, and a r e a , S e p t e m b e r —O c t o b e r 1964) (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s on la te sh ifts b y am ou n t o f sh ift d iff e r e n t ia l, U n ited S ta te s , S ou th ea st r e g io n , s e l e c t e d S ta te s , and a r e a , S e p t e m b e r —O c t o b e r 1964) S tates R e g io n U n ited S tate s 2 Sh ift d i ff e r e n t ia l S ou th ea st N orth C a r o lin a R e g io n A rea W in s to n S a le m T en n essee High P o in t, N. C . Shift d i ff e r e n t ia l W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g s e c o n d - s h if t p r o v i s i o n s -----------------W ith s h ift d i f f e r e n t ia l____________ U n ifo r m c e n t s p e r h o u r --------5 c e n t s ---------------------------------6 c e n t s ___ -__________________ 10 c e n t s ______________________ U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e ---------------5 p e r c e n t -----------------------------10 p e r c e n t ----------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------W ith no s h ift d i f f e r e n t ia l------------- 93. 26. 8. 6. . 1. 9 3 .4 2 7. 3 8. 1 6. 9 2 8 3 7 5 - 4 0 3 3 9 1 .4 22. 4 3. 8 22. 1 - - 1. 1 12. 3 5 .9 6. 4 7. 0 66. 1 1 11.8 5. 6 6. 2 6. 7 66 . 4 92. 25. 10. 10. - 91. 1 - 3. 8 12. 2 - - - - 3. 8 6 7 .4 22. 1 22. 1 12. 2 6. 4 69 . 0 11.0 11.0 69 . 0 - N orth C a r o lin a S ou th ea st A rea T enn essee W in s to n S a le m H igh P o in t, N. C . W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on s e c o n d s h ift ----------------------------------------------------R e c e iv in g sh ift d i f f e r e n t ia l______ U n ifo r m ce n t s p e r h o u r --------5 c e n t s ---------------------------------6 c e n t s ---------- -------------------10 c e n t s --------------------------------U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e ---------------5 p e r c e n t -----------------------------10 p e r c e n t ___________________ O t h e r -----------------------------------------R e c e iv in g no sh ift d i ff e r e n t ia l — 8 0. 36. 12. 2. 5. 2. 5 7 3 9 1 80. 3 5. 12. 3. 5. 2. 6 1. 6 17. 8 2. 3 6. 2 . 4 6 .9 2. 1 6. 7 4 3. 8 6 2 0 4 7 87. 8 4 4. 4 3. 8 80. 9 25. 3 12. 4 7. 3 5. 1 1 1. 1 79. 1 18. 2 - - 3. 8 24. 0 - 15. 9 2 .4 6 .4 9. 1 2. 3 6. 8 - - 24. 0 3. 8 55. 7 18. 2 4. 6 13. 6 16. 5 4 3 .4 7. 1 - 6. 9 45. 5 - - - 1 R e f e r s to p o l i c i e s o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s e it h e r c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g h a vin g p r o v is i o n s c o v e r i n g la t e s h ift s . 2 I n clu d e s data f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n to the S ou th ea st r e g io n . 60. 9 late sh ifts o r W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on t h ir d o r o t h e r la te s h ift ____________________ R e c e iv in g sh ift d i f f e r e n t ia l--------U n ifo r m ce n t s p e r h o u r ______ 5 c e n t s ---------------------------------10 c e n t s --------------------------------15 c e n t s --------------------------------20 c e n t s --------------------------------U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e __________ 5 p e r c e n t -----------------------------1 0 p e r c e n t ---------------------------1272 p e r c e n t -----------------------15 p e r c e n t ----------------------------I 8 V2 p e r c e n t — ......................... Othe r -----------------------------------------R e c e iv in g no sh ift d i f f e r e n t ia l— ro u n d in g , 1 5 .8 4. 9 I. 7 1 .4 1 | ! - .3 1 .9 .9 15. 1 4. 6 2. 0 2. 0 1 .7 1 .7 1 6 .9 4. 6 .9 2. 9 .8 12. 3 1.0 .9 2. 9 .8 10. 6 5. 1 - - - 1. 3 I 1.0 13. 9 3. 5 6. 3 2.0 1.2 - 3. 5 3. 5 - 10. 4 sum s of in d iv id u a l ite m s m ay not eq u al t o t a ls . 5. 1 1 .9 .8 . 1 . 5 .2 ( 2) .8 . 1 ,3 ( 2) .2 . 1 .3 3. 2 1.8 .8 . 1 .5 .2 (2) .7 .2 .3 .2 3. 8 1. 1 ( 2) - .9 . 3 .4 . 1 .3 - ( 2) .8 .8 - - - .3 3. 3 .4 4. 2 2. 6 4. . . . . - 6 8 8 1 7 - .3 3. 8 1 In c lu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to the S ou th ea st r e g io n . 2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t . NOTE: of 15. 7 4. 7 1 .7 1 .4 ( 2) .3 1 .9 .9 1. 0 1. 2 10. 9 T h ir d o r o th e r la te sh ift T h ir d o r o t h e r la te sh ift W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g t h ir d - o r o t h e r l a t e - s h i f t p r o v i s i o n s ____________________________ W ith sh ift d i f f e r e n t ia l------------------U n ifo r m c e n t s p e r h o u r --------5 c e n t s ______________________ 10 c e n t s -----------------------------------------15 c e n t s -----------------------------------------20 c e n t s -----------------------------------------U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e --------------------5 p e r c e n t -------------------------------------10 p e r c e n t ------------------------------------I 2 V2 p e r c e n t ------------------------------15 p e r c e n t ------------------------------------I 8 V2 p e r c e n t ------------------------------O t h e r ___________________________________ W ith no s h ift d i f f e r e n t ia l ----------------- B ecau se S ta tes S e c o n d sh ift S e c o n d sh ift NOTE: U n ited S ta tes 1 B ecause of m ding, sum s of in d iv id u a l it e m s m ay not eq u a l t o t a ls . Table 48. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Paid Holidays (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m i l l s w ith f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p a id h o lid a y s , U n ited S ta tes , S ou th ea st r e g io n , s e l e c t e d S ta te s , and a r e a , S e p t e m b e r - O c t o b e r 1964) R e g io n N u m b e r o f p a id h o lid a y s U nited S ta tes 1 S ou th ea st S ta tes N o r th C a r o lin a A rea T en n essee W in s to n S a le m H igh P o in t, N. C . 100 100 4 14 P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s _____________________ 100 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id h o l i d a y s _____________________ 1 d a v _______ !_______________ 3 d a y s _________________ 4 d a y s _____________________ 100 10 100 14 2 - _ " j 4 - 14 - W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id h o l i d a y s _______ 3 7 5 (*) (2 \ 6 d a y s p lu s 2 h a lf d a y s 7 d a y s ______________________ 3 3 " “ 90 92 8 6 - 96 - 8 6 O ffi c e w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s _______________________ 100 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id h o lid a y s _ ... 1 d a y _________________________ 2 d a y s _______________________ 3 d a y s ____________________ 3 d a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ______________________ 4 d a y s ______________________ 5 d a y s _________ _______________ 6 d a y s _______________________ d a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ____________ 7 d a y s ________________________ 6 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id h o l i d a y s ___________________ 1 100 100 100 64 64 56 3 84 3 9 4 3 3 Q 7 13 3 ^5 15 (2 ) 36 3 15 B e c a u s e o f rou n din g, 75 5 17 16 16 19 1 2 17 17 j 2 ID 7 16 25 H - 36 44 26 - - In c lu d e s data f o r re g io n s m a ddition to the S ou th ea st r e g io n . L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: 100 su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a ls . Table 49. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Paid Vacations ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m ills w ith f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r pa id v a c a t io n s a fte r s e l e c t e d p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , U nited S ta te s , S ou th ea st r e g io n , s e l e c t e d S ta te s , and a r e a , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r 1964) O U n ited S ta tes 1 * V a c a t io n p o l ic y S o u th e a st N orth C a r o lin a T en n essee W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . V a c a t io n p o l ic y U nited S ta tes 1 S ou th ea st 100 100 100 100 N o r th C a r o lin a T enn essee W in ston S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . O ffic e w o r k e r s P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s ------------------------------------ A rea S ta tes R e g io n A rea Sta tes R e g io n 100 A I ll w o r k e r s .. 100 100 100 100 100 90 90 M eth od o f p a y m en t M e th o d o f p a y m e n t \ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id v a c a t i o n s __________ L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t -----P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t -------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no pa id v a c a t i o n s ---------- 58 7 51 57 7 50 43 1 42 68 68 47 47 v id in g pa id v a c a t i o n s ---------L e n g th -o f-tim e p a y m e n t. P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t--------- 87 80 7 87 81 5 79 76 3 98 98 " “ 43 57 32 53 v id in g no paid v a c a t io n s .. 13 13 21 2 10 42 61 26 60 26 56 24 58 41 56 34 57 31 56 31 45 34 58 41 49 41 51 37 49 37 45 34 39 59 49 41 42 45 42 45 39 40 26 72 49 41 A m ou n t o f v a c a t io n pay A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n pa y A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ____________________________ k s __________________________ (34 ) 53 (3) 3 1 U n d er 1 w e e k -------------------------------1 w e e k --------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s -------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s -------- 1 52 1 41 61 3 1 1 6 47 A fte r 2 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ... 2 w eeks . A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 4 1 w e e k __ 2 w eeks _ (3) 29 3 24 1 U n d er 1 w e e k -------------------------------1 w e e k -------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s --------2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s -------- I £ £ £ provisions f o r p r o f e s s i o n s . 3 4 F or e x a m p le , 1 29 4 22 1 B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , - 21 18 12 38 22 24 A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 4 1 w e e k __ 2 w eeks _ w e r e ° c o n v e r t e d to an e g u iv a ie n t t im e b a s is . P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b it r a r i ly c h o s e n and do n o . n e c e s s a r t ly the ch a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a te d at 5 y e a r s m a y in clu d e c h a n g e s m p r o v rs r o n s o c c u r r m g b e tw e e n 3 and 5 y e a r s . L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t . V a c a t io n p r o v is i o n s w e r e v ir t u a l ly the s a m e NOTE: 1 22 a fte r lo n g e r p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e . s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u a l to t a ls . re fle c t in d iv id u a l Table 50. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith s p e c i fie d h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s, U n ited S ta tes, S ou th ea st r e g io n , s e l e c t e d S ta te s , and a r e a , S e p t e m b e r - O c t o b e r 1964) R e g io n U n ited S ta tes 2 T yp e o f pla n 1 S ou th ea st S ta tes N o rth C a r o lin a A rea T en n essee W in s to n S a le m H igh P o in t, ------------- N ^ » ^ C J P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s ... ......... 100 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L ife in s u r a n c e A c c id e n t a l d ea th and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e _____ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b oth 3 _____ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e _________ S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y , no w aitin g p e r i o d ) -------------------------------------------------------S ic k le a v e (p a r t ia l p a y o r w aitin g p e r i o d ) _________________________________ H o s p it a liz a t io n in s u r a n c e S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e . .... M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e . . ___ C a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e -----------------R e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n No p l a n s -------------------------------------------------------------- 100 100 100 100 62 64 73 4Q 60 41 42 43 46 53 5 23 23 23 23 20 20 37 37 18 18 _ _ . 67 67 31 9 _ _ 66 65 30 9 71 71 47 6 60 57 8 21 74 74 54 20 21 10 31 13 100 100 100 100 100 1 1 (4 ) O ffic e w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s _______ ._ ...... W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L ife i n s u r a n c e . _ ....... A c c id e n t a l dea th and d i s m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e ______________________________________ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b o t h 3 _ .... . S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e S ic k le a v e (fu ll pay, no w a itin g p e r i o d ! _____ _ ___ S ic k le a v e (p a r t ia l pay o r w aitin g p e r i o d ) -------------------------------------------------------H o s p it a liz a t io n in s u r a n c e S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e ____ M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e .. _ C a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e ________________________ R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n ___________________________ N o p la n s __ 70 72 72 74 54 43 43 35 56 38 27 11 25 10 18 8 48 18 15 16 15 10 30 15 - _ _ 71 71 30 24 8 17 70 70 29 24 7 18- 67 67 36 18 7 12 76 74 18 41 12 19 67 67 40 21 7 22 I n clu d e s on ly t h o se pla n s fo r w h ich at le a s t p a rt o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r and e x c lu d e s le g a ll y w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n and s o c ia l s e c u r it y . I n clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to the S ou th ea st r e g io n . U n d u p lic a te d to ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s i c k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . r e q u ir e d pla n s su c h as 0) 03 Table 51. Children’s Hosiery Mills: Nonproduaion Bonuses 0) (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith s p e c i f ie d t y p e s o f n o n p ro d u c tio n b o n u s e s , U n ited Sta tes , S ou th ea st r e g io n , s e l e c t e d S t a te s , and a r e a , S e p t e m b e r — c t o b e r J964) O United S tates 1 Sou th ea st A rea State s R e g io n T y p e o f b on u s N orth C a r o lin a T en n e s se e W in s t o n S a le m — H ig h P o in t, N .C . P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------- — 100 100 100 100 __________1_00_________ 22 22 22 22 19 19 17 17 8 8 78 78 81 83 92 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w-ith n n r i pr nr l ii rt i rm hnniifiPfi C h r is t m a s o r y e a r e n d ------- — ■p-rnfit m h a r i n p ........ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s \ ith no v n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s ----------- O ffic e w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r s -------- ---------- ------------- W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s wTth n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s ----------C h r is t m a s o r y e a r e n d ------P r o f i t ‘^ h a r i n o - ---— t * . _ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w- ith no n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s ----------- In c lu d e s data f o r NOTE: B ecau se 100 100 ______ yoo_______ 100 100 45 41 45 41 43 35 45 45 15 15 4 4 8 _ _ 55 55 57 55 85 r e g io n s in a d d itio n to the S ou th ea st r e g io n . o f rou n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a ls . Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey Scope of Survey The survey included establishments primarily engaged in knitting, dyeing, or finish ing full-fashioned or seamless hosiery (industries 2251 and 2252 as defined in the 1957 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and 1963 Supplement, prepared by the Bureau of the Budget). Separate auxiliary units, such as central offices, were excluded. The establishments studied were selected from those employing 20 workers or more at the time of reference of the data used in com piling the universe lists. The number of establishments and workers actually studied by the Bureau, as well as the number estimated to be in the industries during the payroll period studied, are shown in the following table: Estimated Number of Establishments and Workers Within Scope of the Hosiery Manufacturing Survey and Number Studied, September-October 1964 Region1 and area All hosiery mills: United States 4 ------------------------------------Middle Atlantic-------------------------------Border States----------------------------------Southeast---------------------------------------Women's hosiery mills: United States 4 ------------------------------------Middle Atlantic-------------------------------Southeast---------------------------------------North Carolina----------------------------Hickory-Statesville 5---------------Winston-Salem-High Point ^ —*Tennessee----------------------------------Men's hosiery mills: United States 4 ------------------------------------Middle Atlantic-------------------------------Southeast---------------------------------------North Carolina----------------------------Hickory-Statesville 3 ---------------Winston-SalenrHigh Point 6 -----Tennessee----------------------------------Children's hosiery mills:7 United States 4 ------------------------------------Southeast---------------------------------------North Carolina----------------------------Winston-SalemrHigh Point 3 ----Tennessee----------------------------------- Number of establishments 1 2 Within scope of Studied survey Workers in establishments Within scope of survey Production Office Total 3 workers workers Studied Total 612 86 13 480 296 37 11 229 90,413 7,765 2,616 75,971 82,912 6,699 2,212 70,440 3,090 500 134 2,241 66,315 5,680 2,542 55,140 276 62 189 132 11 60 23 131 23 93 63 7 28 11 48,597 4,954 40,468 29,035 2,024 14,892 5,294 44,325 4,145 37,556 27,057 1,899 13,923 4,845 1,780 389 1,207 820 36 395 217 35,727 3,287 30,094 22,248 1,743 12,074 3,213 188 24 149 123 63 41 8 94 14 70 53 27 20 6 23,124 2,811 17,536 13,118 5,040 6,152 1,646 21,223 2,554 16,188 12,112 4,679 5,636 1,501 802 111 543 399 156 209 58 17,156 2,393 12,292 8,696 3,685 4,423 1,408 148 142 86 38 31 71 66 39 19 16 18,692 17,967 9,572 4,757 5,378 17,364 16,696 8,905 4,433 4,962 508 491 236 121 170 13,432 12,754 6,961 3,688 4,089 1 The regions used in this study include: Middle Atlantic-—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Border States—Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, and West Virginia; and Southeast—Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. 2 Includes only mills with 20 workers or more at the time of reference of the universe data. 3 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the production and office worker categories shown separately. 4 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study. 5 The Hickory-5tatesville area includes Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, and Iredell Counties. 6 The Winston-Salem-High Point area includes Alamance, Davidson, Forsyth, Guilford, Randolph, and Surry Counties. 7 Includes children's, boys', and infants' hosiery; women's anklets and socks; and all other hosiery not elsewhere classified. 65 66 Industry Branches Establishments w ere cla ssified by industry branch as follow s: The w om en's h osiery branch includes m ills p rim arily engaged in the manufacture of w om en's fu ll- or knee-length h osie ry , whether full-fashioned or seam less; the m en's h osiery branch includes m ills p r i m arily engaged in the manufacture of m en's seam less h osiery (sizes 9 / 2 and up); and the ch ild re n 's h osiery branch includes m ills p rim arily engaged in the manufacture of ch ildren 's, b o y s', and infants' h osiery and w om en's anklets and socks. If, fo r example, the value of a m ill's product was 60 percent m en's h osiery and 40 percent children 's hosiery, all w orkers in that m ill w ere included in the m en's h osiery branch. Method of Study Data w ere obtained by personal visits of Bureau field econom ists under the direction of the Bureau's Assistant Regional D irectors for Wages and Industrial Relations. The su r vey was conducted on a sample basis. To obtain appropriate a ccu racy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of sm all establishments was studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments w ere given their appropriate weight. A ll estim ates are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industries, excluding only those below the minimum size at the time of referen ce of the universe data. Establishment Definition An establishment, for purposes of this study, is defined as a single physical location where industrial operations are perform ed. An establishment is not n e ce ssa rily identical with the company, which may consist of one or m ore establishm ents. Employment The estim ates of the number of w orkers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and com position of the labor fo rc e included in the survey. The advance planning n ecessary to make a wage survey requ ires the use of lists of estab lishments assem bled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied. Production W orkers The term "production w o r k e r s ," as used in this bulletin, includes working forem en and all nonsupervisory w orkers engaged in nonoffice functions. A dm inistrative, executive, p rofessional, and technical personnel, and fo rce -a cco u n t construction em ployees, who w ere utilized as a separate work fo rce on the fir m 's own p rop erties, w ere excluded. O ffice W orkers The term "o ffic e w o r k e r s ," as used in this bulletin, includes all nonsupervisory office w orkers and excludes adm inistrative, executive, p rofession al, and technical em ployees. Occupations Selected for Study Occupational cla ssifica tion was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment and interarea variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix B for these descriptions.) The occupations w ere chosen for their num erical im portance, their usefulness in collective bargaining, or their representativeness of the entire job scale in the industry. Working su pervisors, apprentices, learn ers, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-tim e, tem porary, and probationary w orkers w ere not reported in the selected occupations but w ere included in the data for all production w orkers. Wage Data The wage inform ation relates to average straight-tim e hourly earnings, excluding prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incen tive payments, such as those resulting from piecew ork or production bonus system s and co s t-o f-liv in g bonuses, w ere included as part of the w ork ers' regular pay; but nonproduction bonus payments, such as Christm as or year end bonuses, w ere excluded. 67 Average hourly rates or earnings for workers in each occupation or for other groups of workers, such as men, women, or production workers, were calculated by weight ing each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of individuals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing their straight-time salary by normal rather than actual hours. Size of Community Tabulations by size of community pertain to metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The term "metropolitan area, ” as used in this bulletin, refers to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Budget in 1961. Except in New England, a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area is defined as a county or group of contiguous counties which contains at least one city of 50, 000 inhabitants or more. Contiguous counties to the one containing such a city are included in a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially m etro politan in character and are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In New England, where the city and town are administratively more important than the county, they are the units used in defining Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. Method of Wage Payment Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the number of workers paid under the various time and incentive wage systems. Formal rate structures for time-rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job categories. In the absence of a form al rate structure, pay rates are determined prim arily with reference to the qualifications of the individual worker. A single rate structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job classification. Learners, apprentices, or proba tionary workers may be paid according to rate schedules which start below the single rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job rate over a period of time. Individual experienced workers may occasionally be paid above or below the single rate for special reasons, but such payments are regarded as exceptions. Range-of-rates plans are those in which the minimum and/or maximum rates paid to experienced workers for the same job are specified. Specific rates of individual workers within the range may be determined by m erit, length of service, or a combination of various concepts of merit and length of service. Incentive workers are classified under piecework or bonus plans. Piecework is work for which a predetermined rate is paid for each unit of output. Production bonuses are based on production in excess of a quota or for completion of a job in less than stand ard time. Scheduled Weekly Hours Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work schedule for full-time production workers (or office workers) employed on the day shift. Shift Provisions and Practices Shift provisions relate to the policies of establishments either currently operating late shifts or having formal provisions covering late shift work. Practices relate to workers employed on late shifts at the time of the survey. Supplementary Wage Provisions Supplementary benefits were treated statistically on the basis that if formal provi sions were applicable to half or m ore of the production workers (or office workers) in an establishment, the benefits were considered applicable to all such workers. Similarly, if fewer than half of the workers were covered, the benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of length-of-service and other eligibility requirements, the propor tion of workers receiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated. Paid Holidays. provided annually. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day and half-day holidays 68 Paid Vacations. The sum m aries of vacation plans are lim ited to form al arran ge ments, excluding inform al plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the d iscretion of the em ployer or the su pervisor. Payments not on a time basis w ere converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 w eek's pay. The periods of serv ice for which data are presented w ere selected as representative of the m ost com m on p ra ctices, but they do not n e ce ssa rily re fle ct individual establishment p ro v i sions for p rogression . F or example, the changes in proportions indicated at 5 years of service may include changes which occu rred between 3 and 5 years. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans. Data are presented for health, insurance, and pension plans for which all or a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, excluding program s required by law, such as w orkm en's com pensation and social security. Among the plans included are those underwritten by a com m ercia l insurance company and those paid d irectly by the em ployer from his current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type of insurance under which predeterm ined cash payments are made d irectly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident d is ability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the em ployer contributes at least a part of the cost. However, in New Y ork and New J ersey, where tem porary disability insurance laws require em ployer contributions, 14 plans are included only if the em ployer (1) contributes m ore than is legally required, or (2) provides the em ployees with benefits which exceed the requirem ents of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are lim ited to form a l plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the w o rk er's pay during absence from w ork because of illn ess; inform al arrangem ents have been omitted. Separate tabulations are provided according to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. M edical insurance re fe rs to plans providing for com plete or partial payment of d o cto rs' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by a com m ercia l insurance company or a nonprofit organization, or they may be self-in sured. Catastrophe insurance, som etim es re fe rre d to as extended m edical insurance, in cludes the plans designed to cover em ployees in case of sickness or injury involving an expense which goes beyond the norm al coverage of hospitalization, m edical, and surgical plans. Tabulations of retirem ent pensions are lim ited to plans which provide, on r e t ir e ment, regular payments for the rem ainder of the w o rk e r's life. Nonproduction Bonuses. Nonproduction bonuses are defined for this study as bonuses that depend on factors other than the output of the individual w orker or group of w orkers. Plans that defer payments beyond 1 year w ere excluded. 14 The temporary disability insurance laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The prim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations w orkers who are em ployed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangem ents from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This perm its the grouping of occupational wage rates representing com parable job content. Because of t h i s emphasis on inter establishment and interarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions m ay differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other pur p oses. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field econom ists are instructed to exclude working su pervisors, apprentices, learn ers, beginners, trainees, handicapped, p art-tim e, tem porary, and probationary w orkers. ADJUSTER AND FIXER, KNITTING MACHINES Sets up, regulates, adjusts, and/or repairs knitting m achines used in the h osiery industry. Work involves m ost of the following: Setting up knitting m achines to produce the design, shape, and size d esired in the product; regulating and adjusting the machines for efficient operation; attaching fixtures or attachments to the m achines; examining product or machines faulty in operation to determine whether adjustments or repairs are n ecessary; dismantling or partly dismantling the machine; replacing broken, damaged, or wornout parts o r perform ing other rep a irs, and reassem bling the m achines; and using a variety o f handtools in adjusting, fitting, or replacing parts, fixtures, o r attachments. F or wage survey purposes, w orkers are as follow s: cla ssified according to type of machine Full fashioned Seam less, fu ll- or knee-length Seam less, h alf-h ose Other (including combination of above) BOARDER, AUTOMATIC Shapes and dries h osiery after dyeing by operating an automatic boarding machine. Work involves: Drawing and alining the various parts of damp h osiery over shaped form s which are autom atically conveyed through a drying cham ber; regulating the amount of steam or hot air delivered to the cham ber; and observing finished work for proper operation. The machine autom atically strips h osiery from the form s and stacks them neatly on board or table. BOARDER, OTHER THAN AUTOMATIC Shapes and dries h osiery after dyeing by any method other than an automatic machine. W ork involves m ost of the follow ing: Drawing and alining the various parts of damp h osiery over shaped form s which m ay be stationary or attached to either an endless chain or revolving base; opening valves to admit steam or hot air to inside of form s or drying cham ber; and rem oving or stripping dried and shaped hose from the form s. In addition, may place h osiery on stacking board in dozen groups and prepare identification tickets for com pleted lots. 70 BOXER Packs folded h osiery in cardboard boxes (usually 3, 6, or up to a dozen pairs to a box) and attaches labels thereto to indicate the co lo r, size, lot number, etc. of the contents. In addition, m ay insert descriptive literature in the boxes. W orkers who also fold h osiery are excluded from this classification . COLLECTION-SYSTEM INSPECTOR (Knitting inspector) Examines seam less h osiery, delivered by conveyor system from knitting m achines to a central point, to determ ine whether m achines are knitting p rop erly. W ork p rim arily involves: Inspecting hose for defects such as holes, runs, torn threads, and dropped stitches; identifying defective m achines by code on im perfect hose; and p ressin g button on panelboard to stop machine and signal knitting machine fixer. May also sort hose according to size and style, tally number of hose inspected, and hang hose on rack. W orkers who have no control over knitting m achines, but examine and cla ssify hose (e .g ., determ ine whether hose are to be mended or rejected) are to be excluded from this classification . See exam iner, grey (inspector, h osiery). COLLECTION-SYSTEM OPERATOR (Knitting attendant; utility operator) Supplies yarn as needed to seam less h osiery knitting m achines which are equipped with a conveyor system that transports hose fro m the machine to a central inspection point. Work involves: Placing cones of yarn on m achines; tailing ends of yarn being knitted to new yarns; threading yarn through guides; and attaching yarn to needles. May also assist knitting machine fix ers in resetting the machines and relieve collection system inspectors as required. DUNN METHOD BOARDER (Single Boarding) Shapes and finally sets the stitch in dyed h osiery using the Dunn method or sim ilar system of boarding. Work involves m ost of the follow in g: Drawing and alining various parts of hose over form of machine; placing individual or cluster of fo rm s into steam p ressu re cham ber; rem oving form s from steam cham ber; and stripping shaped h osiery from form s. EXAMINER. GREY (INSPECTOR. HOSIERY) Examines and inspects h osiery, usually p rio r to dyeing, for defects or flaws in knitting, looping, or seaming. Work involves m ost of the follow in g: Drawing each hose over revolvable form or board; examining hose for d efects, such as h oles, runs, torn threads, poor seam s, dropped stitches, etc., and marking or indicating each defect; testing stockings for weak spots by operating lev ers that expand jaws of pattern and stretch the stocking at various p la ces; cutting loose ends of thread fro m stockings with s c is s o r s ; and determining whethei defective hose should be mended or rejected. In addition, m ay mend minor defects. FOLDER Folds h osiery in pairs and either bands them or places them in envelopes. W orkers who also box h osiery by packing them in cardboard b ox are excluded from this classification . FOLDER AND BOXER ' P erform s a com bination job of folding and boxing h osiery as d escribed above. W orkers who either fold or box only are excluded from this classification . 71 K N ITTE R , FU L L -F A SH IO N E D HOSIERY (K nitter, sin g le -u n it or ba ck ra ck ) O perates a knitting m ach in e that knits a com p lete fu ll-fa s h io n e d stocking (leg and foot) in one op era tion . W ork in v o lv e s : P la cin g con es of yarn on m achine and threading yarn through guides to each se ctio n of m ach in e; watching the fa b r ic during the knitting p r o c e s s fo r d efects of any kind; adjusting, re p la cin g , a n d /o r straightening d e fe ctiv e , b rok en or bent n eed les; and rem ov in g co m p le te ly knit stock ings fr o m the m ach in e. h o s ie ry , F o r wage su rv ey p u rp o se s, as fo llo w s : w o rk e rs are c la s s ifie d a cco rd in g to the gauge of the 51 gauge 60 gauge 66 gauge A ll other K N ITTER, W OM EN'S SEAM LESS HOSIERY O p erates one or m o r e knitting m ach in es that knit a com p lete w om a n 's se a m le ss stocking. W ork in v o lv e s : P la cin g con es of yarn on m achine and threading yarn through guides and attaching it to the n e e d le s; starting m achine and w atching the fa b r ic during the knitting p r o c e s s fo r d e fe cts of any kind. F o r wage su rv e y p u rp o se s, num ber of n eed les as fo llo w s : w o rk e rs are c la s s ifie d a cco rd in g to type of fe e d and S in g le -fe e d 474 n eed les 400 n eedles A ll other T w o -fe e d 474 n eed les 400 n eed les A ll other F o u r -fe e d 400 n eed les A ll other KN ITTER, AU TOM ATIC O perates one or m o re m ach in es that au tom a tica lly knit a com p lete s e a m le ss stocking (other than w om e n 's fu ll-len gth ) fr o m the top (rib b e d top or welt) to the toe. W ork in v olv es m ost of the fo llo w in g : P la cin g sp ool or cone of yarn in yarn h old er on m ach in e; threading end o f yarn through guides, and attaching it to the n eed les; starting m achine w hich au tom a tica lly knits the top, le g , h eel, fo o t, and toe o f a s e a m le ss stock ing in one continuous op era tion ; p iecin g up brok en ends by tw isting or tying the two ends tog eth er; and in sp ectin g stocking com ing fr o m knitting m achine fo r d e fe cts and flaw s. In addition, m ay count stock in g s, tie them into bundles, or attach ca rd that id en tifies o p e ra to r or style num ber. KN ITTE R , RIB O perates one or m o re m a ch in es that knit the rib b ed p ortion s (tops or le g s) of sea m le ss h o s ie r y . W ork in v olv es rma^t thft fo llp w jflg : P la cin g con es of thread or yarn on cone h old er of m ach in e; threading end of yarn through guides, and attaching it to n eedles in needle h old er; starting op era tion of m achine w hich a u tom a tica lly knits a continuous tube of alternate sin gle and double lin es of web and d rop s or e n la rg es stitch es at p re d e te rm in e d in terv als to in dicate w h ere the tube is to be cut; in sp ectin g op era tion of m achine to make 72 KNITTER, RIB— Continued certain ribs are being knitted p rop erly; replacing ones; piecing up broken ends by twisting or tying replacing, an d /or straightening defective, broken, ribs or tops from the machine by cutting the threads empty cones of yarn in holder with new the two ends of yarn together; adjusting, or bent n eedles; and rem oving the knit with s c is s o r s . KNITTER, STRING Operates one or m ore circu lar knitting m achines that knit seam less stockings in a continuous string, which is cut later at proper places to make individual stockings. Work involves m ost of the follow in g: Placing cones of yarn on cone holder of machine; threading end of yarn through guides and attaching to needles; starting operation of machine which autom atically knits the leg, heel, foot, and toe of the stocking in a continuous string; piecing up broken ends by twisting or tying the two ends together; adjusting, replacing, and/or straightening broken, defective, or bent needles; and rem oving the knitted m aterial from the machine by cutting the threads with s c is s o r s . KNITTER, TRANSFER Operates one or m ore knitting machines that knit seam less stockings onto the ribbed tops (previously knitted on rib machine). Work involves m ost of the follow ing: Placing cones of yarn on machine; threading yarn through guides, and attaching it to needles; hanging the stitches of top onto points of transfer ring; setting points of transfer ring over needles of knitting machine, and transferring the stitches from the points of the transfer ring to the needles; lowering top of machine cylinder over needles and starting machine that knits the stocking to the top; rem oving knitted m aterial from the machine; piecing up broken ends by twisting or tying the two ends of yarn together; and adjusting, replacing, and/or straightening broken, defective, or bent needles. LOOPER, TOE Operates a machine that closes the opening in the toe of seam less h osiery. Work involves: Placing yarn on machine; running thread through various guides and tension disks and to needle of machine; setting corresponding loops of the two parts of the toe or opening on the looping points of rotating dial (dial ca rrie s the stocking through the m echanism that autom atically joins the parts and trim s the edges of the seam ); and rem oving looped stockings from dial of machine. MENDER, HAND, FINISH Repairs by hand, defects in h osiery p rio r to folding and boxing. Work involves m ost of the follow in g: Locating marked defects such as holes, runs, pulled threads, and dropped stitches; sewing up holes in stocking with needle and thread; spreading part of stocking containing run over mending cup, and catching up run with a hand or ele ctric-p o w e re d latching needle; inserting m issing strands of thread or replacing broken strands with new threads, using a latching needle; cutting o ff loose threads with s c is s o r s . May also do inspecting or pairing. MENDER, HAND, GREY R epairs by hand, defects in h osiery p rior to dyeing. W ork involves m ost of the follow in g: Locating m arked defects such as holes, runs, pulled threads, and dropped stitches; sewing up holes in stocking with needle and thread; spreading part of stocking containing run over mending cup, and catching up run with a hand or e le ctric-p o w e re d latching needle; inserting m issing strands of thread or replacing broken strands with new threads, using a latching needle; cutting off loose threads with s cis s o r s . PAIRER Mates or arranges stockings in pairs so tha.t they w ill correspon d in size, co lo r, length, and texture. Work involves: Laying or spreading the stockings on pairing table; examining stockings for im perfections and segregating the im perfect ones; and selecting two stockings having same color and size, and com paring them as to length of welt, foot, leg, and heel splicing or reinforcem ent. 73 PREBOARDER Shapes and sets the stitch in h o s ie r y in the g re ig e (in the g r e y state p r io r to dyeing) using one o f s e v e r a l types o f m a ch in es equipped with ste a m -h e a te d p r e s s u r e r e to r t, ch a m b er, or cabinet, and m etal h o s ie r y fo r m s . W ork in v olv es a com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Draw ing and alining v a rio u s p a rts o f h ose o v e r fo r m ; p la cin g individual or clu ste r o f fo r m s into steam p r e s s u r e ch am ber (or m ay p la ce fo r m s on ra ck s w hich are pushed into steam ch am ber by flo o r b oy ); rem o v in g fo r m s fr o m steam ch a m b er; and strippin g shaped h o s ie r y fr o m fo r m s . M ay w ork with two sets o f fo r m s , strippin g h ose fr o m one set w hile the secon d is being steam ed, or two w o r k e r s m ay op era te as a team ; fo r m s m a y be p la ce d into steam ch am ber m anually, or au tom a tica lly by pushing button, depending upon type o f m ach in e. O p era to rs of the Dunn m ethod are not included in this cla s s ific a tio n . A ls o exclu d ed are w o rk e rs engaged in p a rtia l heat setting p e r fo r m e d p r io r to dyeing. In this op era tion , the g re y h o s ie r y is not p re b o a rd e d but rather hung by the toe onto a ra ck and then p la ce d m a steam p r e s s u r e ch a m b er, w h ich p a rtia lly sets (sh rin k s) the fa b r ic . SEAM ER U ses a p o w e r e d -s e w in g fu ll-fa sh io n e d stock in g s. m achine to jo in togeth er with a seam the two edges o f SEAM ER, TOE O p erates a seam in g m ach in e to p ro d u ce an o v e re d g e o r fla t-b u tted sea m to c lo s e the toes of se a m le s s h o s ie r y . Industry Wage Studies The m ost recent reports for industries included in the Bureau's program Those for which a price is shown are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U .S . Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. , 20402, or any of its regional sales offices. Those for which a price is not shown may be obtained free as long as a supply is available, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D .C ., 20212, or from any of the regional offices shown on the inside back cover. o f industry wage surveys since January 1950 are listed below. I. Occupational Wage Studies Manufacturing Basic Iron and Steel, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1358 (30 cents). Candy and Other Confectionery Products, I960. BLS Report 195. ^Canning and Freezing, 1957. BLS Report 136. Cigar Manufacturing, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1436 (30 cents). Cigarette Manufacturing, I960. BLS Report 167. Cotton Textiles, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1410 (40 cents). Distilled Liquors, 1952. Series 2, No. 88. Fabricated Structural Steel, 1957. BLS Report 123. F ertilizer Manufacturing, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1362 (40 cents). Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1337 (30 cents). Fluid Milk Industry, I960. BLS Report 174. Footwear, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1360 (45 cents). Hoisery, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1349 (45 cents). Industrial Chemicals, 1955. BLS Report 103. Iron and Steel Foundries, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1386 (40 cents). Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1378 (40 cents). Machinery Manufacturing, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1429 (35 cents). Meat Products, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1415 (75 cents). Men's and Boys' Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1457 (40 cents). Men's and Boys' Suits and Coats, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1424 (65 cents). Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1439 (35 cents). Miscellaneous Textiles, 1953. BLS Report 56. Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Parts, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1393 (45 cents). Nonferrous Foundries, I960. BLS Report 180. Paints and Varnishes, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1318 (30 cents). Petroleum Refining, 1959. BLS Report 158. Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1423 (30 cents). ^Processed Waste, 1957. BLS Report 124. Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard M ills, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1341 (40 cents). Radio, Television, and Related Products, 1951. Series 2, No. 84. Railroad C ars, 1952. Series 2, No. 86. *Raw Sugar, 1957. BLS Report 136. Southern Sawmills and Planing M ills, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1361 (30 cents). Structural Clay Products, I960. BLS Report 172. Synthetic F ibers, 1958. BLS Report 143. Synthetic Textiles, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1414 (35 cents). Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1311 (35 cents). ^Tobacco Stemming and Redrying, 1957. BLS Report 136.* * Studies of the effects o f the $1 minimum wage. I. Occupational Wage Studies--- Continued Manufacturing— Continued West Coast Sawmilling, 1959. BLS Report 156. Women’ s and M isses' Coats and Suits, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1371 (25 cents). Women's and M isses' D resses, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1391 (30 cents). Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1369 (40 cents). *Wooden Containers, 1957. BLS Report 126. Wool Textiles, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1372 (45 cents). Work Clothing, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1440 (35 cents). Nonmanufacturing Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1452 (30 cents). Banking Industry, I960. BLS Report 179. Bituminous Coal Mining, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1383 (45 cents). Communications, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1426 (20 cents). Contract Cleaning Services, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1327 (25 cents). Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, I960. BLS Report 181. Department and Women's Ready-to-W ear Stores, 1950. Series 2, No. 78. Eating and Drinking Places, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1400 (40 cents). Electric and Gas Utilities, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1374 (50 cents). Hospitals, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1409 (50 cents). Hotels and Motels, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1406 (40 cents). Laundries and Cleaning Services, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1401 (50 cents). Life Insurance, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1324 (30 cents). II. Other Industry Wage Studies Factory W orkers' Earnings— Distribution by Straight-Time Hourly Earnings, 1958. BLS Bulletin 1252 (40 cents). Factory W orkers' Earnings— Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1959. BLS Bulletin 1275 (35 cents). Retail Trade: Employee Earnings in Retail Trade, June 1962 (Overall Summary of the Industry). BLS Bulletin 1380 (45 cents). Employee Earnings at Retail Building M aterials, Hardware, and Farm Equipment D ealers, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-1 (25 cents). Employee Earnings in Retail General Merchandise Stores, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-2 (45 cents). Employee Earnings in Retail Food Stores, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-3 (40 cents). Employee Earnings at Retail Automotive Dealers and in Gasoline Service Stations, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-4 (40 cents). Employee Earnings in Retail Apparel and A ccessory Stores, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-5 (45 cents). Employee Earnings in Retail Furniture, Home Furnishings, and Household Appliance Stores, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-6 (40 cents). Employee Earnings in Miscellaneous Retail Stores, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-7 (40 cents). Employee Earnings in Nonmetropolitan Areas of the South and North Central Regions, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1416 (40 cents). * Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. * U.S. GO VERNMENT PRIN TIN G OFFICE : 1965 0 -7 8 7 - 3 8 1 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES HAMAH
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