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Industry Wage Survey: Hosiery, September 1973 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 1975 Bulletin 1863 Industry Wage Survey: Hosiery, September 1973 U.S. Department of Labor John T. Dunlop, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Julius Shiskin, Commissioner 1975 Bulletin 1863 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on inside back cover. Price $1.45 Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents Stock number 02 9-00 1-0 177 5-8 Class number L2.3:1863 Preface This bulletin summarizes the results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of wages and related benefits in the hosiery manufacturing industry in September 1973'. Information is reported separately for three major product branches: Women’ s, m en's, and children's hosiery. A similar survey was conducted in September 1970. Separate releases were issued earlier for the fol lowing States and areas: Women's hosiery m ills North Carolina Tennessee Hicko ry—State s vill e, N . C. Winston-Salem-High Point, N.C. Men's hosiery m ills North Carolina Tennessee Hickory—Statesville, N.C. Winston-Salem—High Point, N.C. Children's hosiery m ills North Carolina Tennessee Winston-Salem-High Point, N.C. Copies of these releases are available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D .C ., 20212, or any of its regional offices. The study was conducted in the Bureau's Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. The analysis was pre pared by Carl Bar sky in the Division of Occupational Wage Structures. Field work for the survey was di rected by the Associate Assistant Regional Directors for Operations. Other reports available from the Bureau's program of industry wage studies, as well as the addresses of the Bureau's regional offices, are listed at the end of this bulletin. Summary_________________________________________________________________ Industry characteristics________________________________________________________________ Industry branches and products____________________________________ Production____________________________________________________________ Employment tren d s_________________________________________________ ■ _____ .__________ Location_______________________________________________________________________________ Establishment s iz e ___________________________________________________________________ Unionization___________________________________________________________________________ Method of wage payment______________________________________________________ Sex ____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 Text table: Number of panty hose produced and panty hose as percent of total women's hosiery production, 1968—73 __________;____ ^__________ 2 Reference table: 1. All hosiery m ills: Earnings distribution__________________ ________________ 5 Part I. Women's hosiery m ills Average hourly earnings__________________________________________________ Occupational earnings_________________________________________________ Establishment practices and supplementary wage p rovision s____________________ Scheduled weekly hours_________________________________________________ Shift differential provisions andp ra c tic e s______________________ Paid holidays______________________________________________________________________ Paid vacations___________________________________________________________ ;_________ Health, insurance, and retirement plans______________________________ ,_________ Other selected benefits___________________________________________ 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 T ables: 2. 3. Average hourly earningsby selected characteristics______________________ Earnings distribution_______________________________________________ 9 10 Occupational averages: 4. All m i l l s _____________________________________________________________________ 5. By size of community_______________________________________________ 6. By size of establishment___________________________________________ 7. By method of wage payment------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 13 14 15 Occupational earnings: 8. North C arolina_______________________________________________________________ 9. T enn essee____________________________________________________________________ 10. Hickory—Statesville, N .C __ ____________________________________ ,-------------------11. Winston-Salem-High Point, N .C ____________________________________________ 16 18 19 20 Tables— Continued Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: 12. Method of wage payment ___________________________________________________ 13. Scheduled weekly hours_____________________________________________________ 14. Shift differential p rovisions________________________________________________ 15. Shift differential p ractices_________________________________________________ 16. Paid holidays__________ _____________________________________________________ 17. Paid vacations_______________________________________________________________ 18. Health, insurance, and retirement plans_________________________________ 19. Other selected benefits______ ______________________________________________ 22 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 Part II. Men's hosiery m ills Average hourly earnings___________________________________________________________ Occupational earnings_______________________________________________________________ Establishment practices andsupplementary wage p rovision s____________________ Scheduled weekly hours__________________________________________________________ Shift differential provisions and p ra c tic es____________________ ._______________ Paid holidays_____________________________________________________________________ Paid vacations ___________________________________________________________________ Health, insurance, and retirement plans_______________________________________ Other selected benefits__________________________________________________________ 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 Tables: 20. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics____________________ 21. Earnings distribution _____________________________________________________ 32 33 Occupational averages: 22. All m i l l s _____________________________________________ _______________________ 23. By size of community_____________________________________________________ 24. By size of establishment__________________________________________________ 2 5. By method of wage payment______________________________________________ 34 35 36 37 Occupational earnings: 26. North C arolina______________________________________________________________ 27. T ennessee______________________ 28. Hickory—Statesville, N .C ___________________________________________________ 2 9. W ins ton- Salem—High Point, N .C ___________________________________________ 38 40 41 43 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: 30. Method of wage payment ___________________________________________________ 31. Scheduled weekly hours_____________________________________________________ 32. Shift differential provision s________________________________________________ 33. Shift differential p ractices_________________________________________________ 34. Paid holidays_______________________________________________________________ 3 5. Paid vacations______________________________________________________________ 36. Health, insurance, and retirement plaps________ _________________________ 37. Other selected benefits____________ .._______________________________________ 45 45 46 47 48 49 51 52 Part III. Children’s hosiery m ills Average hourly earnings______________________________________________________________ Occupational earnings_________________________________________________________________ Establishment practices and supplementary wage provision s_____________________ Scheduled weekly hours____________________________________________________________ Shift differential provisions and p ra c tic es_______________________________________ Paid holidays_______________________________________________________________________ Paid vacations______________________________________________________________________ Health, insurance, and retirement plans_________________________________________ Other selected benefits____________________________________________________________ 53 53 53 53 53 54 54 54 54 Tables: 38. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics______________________ 39. Earnings distribution__________________________________________________________ 55 56 Occupational averages: 40. All m i l l s _______________________________________________________________________ 41. By size of community_________________________________________________________ 42. By size of establishment_____ „_______________________________________________ 43. By method of wage payment__________________________________________ 57 58 59 60 Occupational earnings: 44. North C arolina________________________________________________________________ 45. Tenn essee_____________________________________________________________________ 46. Winston-Salem—High Point, N .C _____________________________________________ 61 63 64 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: 47. Method of wage payment ______________________________________________________ 48. Scheduled weekly hours_______________________________________________________ 49. Shift differential provisions andp ra c tic e s___________________________________ 50. Paid holidays__________________________________________________________________ 51. Paid vacations_________________________________________________________________ 52. Health, insurance, and retirement plans____________________________________ 53. Other selected benefits_______________________________________________________ 65 65 66 67 68 69 70 Append ixes: A . Scope and method of su rvey______________________________________________________ B. Occupational descriptions ________________________________________________________ 71 75 Hosiery, September 1973 Summary with $2.48 for those in m en's hosiery m ills and $2.34 in children's *hosiery Straight-time earnings of production m ills. Within each hosiery branch, pay and related w o r k e r s in the nation's levels were studied by location, size of hosiery m ills averaged $2.49 an hour in establishment, occupation, and method of September 1973 (table 1). Slightly* less wage payment. than one-fifth of the 59,516 workers Among plant occupations selected for c o v e r e d by- t he s u r v e y 1 e a r n e d separate study, average hourly earnings between $1.60 (the Federal minimum were highest for k n i t t i n g - m a c h i n e wage in manufacturing at the time of the a d j u s t e r s and fixers in women's and survey) and $2 an hour; about threechildren's hosiery ($3.42 and $3.28, fifths earned between $2 and $3; and respectively), and for sewing-machine most of the remaining one-fifth earned repairers in m en's hosiery ($ 3 .4 0 ).2 between $3 and $4 an hour. The l o w e s t a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s in Women, almost four-fifths of the each b r a n c h w e r e r e c o r d e d f o r production workers, averaged $2.40 an transfer-machine operators in women's hour— 44 cents less than men. This gap hosiery ($2.06); hand menders (grey) in between m en's an d women's average m en's hosiery ($2.09); and toe loopers in wages is at least partly attributable to the children's segment ($1.93). Sewingdifferences in the distribution of the machine operators working on women's sexes among jobs with disparate pay panty hose, numerically the largest group levels. studied s e p a r a t e l y , averaged $2.59. Production workers in m ills pri Paid holidays, usually 6 days or less m arily making women's hosiery— 56 per annually, applied to just over three-fifths cent of the employment in the survey— of the production workers in women's averaged $2.54 an hour, c o m p a r e d hosiery and about half of the production workers in the other two branches. Paid 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. vacations— most c o m m o n l y 1 w e e k The straight-time average hourly earnings in this bulletin after 1 year of service and 2 weeks or differ in concept from the gross average hourly earnings more after 5 years— applied to less than published in the Bureau's monthly hours and earnings nine-tenths of the workers in women's series ($2. 66 for women's hosiery, except socks, and $2. 58 for hosiery, not elsewhere classified, in September 1973). hosiery, eight-tenths in m en's hosiery, Unlike the latter, estimates presented here e x c l u d e and seven-tenths in children's hosiery premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, m ills. A large majority of workers were holidays, and late shifts. Average earnings in this survey in m ills providing at least part of the were calculated by summing individual hourly earnings and cost of life or health insurance such as dividing by the number of individuals; in the monthly series, basic medical, hospitalization, or sur the sum of the man-hour totals reported by establishments gical; retirement plans, however, applied in the industry was divided into reported payroll totals. The estimated number of production workers in to fewer than half of the workers in each the study is intended only as a general guide to the size industry branch. and composition of the labor force. It differs from the monthly series ( 4 0 ,4 0 0 for women's hosiery, except socks, and 30, 900 for hosiery, not elsewhere classified, in Septem ber 1973) because establishments employing fewer than 20 workers are excluded and because advance planning makes it necessary to assemble establishment lists considerably in advance of data collection. Thus, omitted are establish ments new to the hosiery industries, establishments found in other industries at the tim e of the survey, and estab lishments manufacturing hosiery but classified incorrectly in other industries when the lists were compiled. Industry characteristics Industry b r a n c h e s and products. The study included e s t a b l i s h m e n t s engaged primarily in knitting, dyeing, or 2 See appendix B for job descriptions. Three office occupations also were studied. Nationwide and s o m e regional data for these jobs are presented in tables 4, 22, and 40. finishing full-fashioned or s e a m l e s s hosiery. For purposes of th e study, hosiery m ills were classified, into three categories: Mills p r i m a r i l y making women's full-fashioned or s e a m l e s s hosiery, including panty hose (generally sizes 8 and up); those chiefly making m en’ s hose (sizes 10 and up); and m ills whose major product is children’ s, boys', infants', or o t h e r hosiery (including women's anklets and socks and m en's half-hose). In the women's hosiery branch, ninetenths of the workers were in m ills where the primary product was panty hose. Virtually all of th e remaining m ills chiefly made seam less full-length hosiery, while only a few m ills had fullf a s h i o n e d stockings as their c h i e f product. Most of the women's hosiery m ills produced more than one kind of hosiery, but generally their secondary product was another variety of women's hose. For example, of the 29, 600 workers in m ills p r i m a r i l y manufacturing panty hose, more than t h r e e - f i f t h s were employed by m ills also making other kinds of women's s e a m l e s s hosiery. A number of establishments in the other two branches manufactured both m en’ s and children's hosiery, which are made on similar t y p e s of k n i t t i n g machines. Slightly more than one-half of the m en’ s hosiery m ills produced children's hosiery as t h e i r secondary product, and nearly one-fourth of the children's h o s i e r y m ills also m a d e m en’ s socks. Nylon was the chief yarn used in m ills e m p l o y i n g almost all of the women's hosiery workers. Men's and children's hosiery, however, were made with a variety of materials as the pri mary y a r n , including nylon, acrylic, wool, and cotton. Integrated m ills (those engaged in knitting, dyeing, and finishing operations) employed slightly less than two-thirds of the women's hosiery workers and about three-fourths of the m en's and children's hosiery workers. Other m ills usually were engaged in knitting only, or p er formed a combination of dyeing and finishing or knitting and finishing. Virtually all hosiery workers were in m ills that performed manufacturing operations on their own account. The remaining workers (3 percent in women's hosiery and 1 percent in m en's) were in c o n t r a c t m ills— those that processed materials for others. Production After a long p e r i o d of growth, hosiery p r o d u c t i o n fell 14 percent in 1971. Within 2 years, however, pro duction rebounded, to 227.4 million dozen pairs— 7 percent from the 1970 peak. 3 Most of the fluctuation in hosiery manufacturing occurred in the women’ s hosiery brapch, which has been greatly influenced by fashion trends. Women's full-fashioned h o s i e r y , for example, constituted 87 percent of all women's hose production in 1950. Twenty-three years later, full-fashioned h o s i e r y ’ s share had fallen to less than 1 percent, as seam less hosiery virtually became the industry’ s sole product. Panty hose, an innovative type of seamless hosiery, has dominated production since 1970, follow ing 2 years of d r a m a t i c increase. C h a n g i n g outerwear f a s h i o n s have reduced demand for panty hose since that time, but they did not significantly affect this product's share of the 1973 women’ s hosiery market, the latest year for which data are available (text table). Text table. Number of panty hose produced and panty hose as percent of total women's hosiery production, 1968—73 (Millions of dozen pairs) Type of hosiery 1968 A ll women's h osiery__ 121.8 Panty h o s e _________ Panty hose as percent of women's hosiery t o t a ls ________ ers, 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 128.1 125.7 95.1 102 .7 9 9.9 16.9 5 9.0 8 8.4 65.6 8 0.9 ( 7 5.0 14 46 70 69 79 75 Source: National Association of Hosiery Manufactur1973 Hosiery Statistics. Employment trends. P r o d u c t i o n worker employment fell 31 percent from its level in September 1970, the date of 3 ers, National Association 1973 Hosiery Statistics, PP* 10-11. of Hosiery Manufactur a previous occupational wage survey con d u c t e d by the B u r e a u , 4 to 59,516 workers. The drop was concentrated in women's hosiery, down 42 percent, com pared with 11 percent in m en’ s hosiery and 6 percent in children’ s hosiery. The sharp d e c l i n e in women's h o s i e r y employment is largely attributable to the p r e v i o u s l y mentioned r e d u c t i o n in demand for panty hose. Production worker output per man hour (productivity), which rose 10 per cent from 1970 through 1973, contributed to the employment decline in hosiery as output d u r i n g the period fell. 5 Also partly traceable to increased productivity in the hosiery industries was a slight decline in the wholesale price of women's hose, and only a very small rise in the wholesale price of m en's socks, despite a 14-percent i n c r e a s e in employees' gross average hourly earnings during the same period.6 Location. The Southeast r e g i o n 7 constituted 88 percent of the hosiery industries' employment: 88 percent in the women's branch, 85 percent in men's, and 94 percent in the children's branch. Employment in the Southeast was con centrated in North Carolina (68 percent) and Tennessee (14 percent). The Middle Atlantic States made up 8 percent of the men's hosiery workers, 4 percent in the women's branch, and less than 1 percent in the children's branch. Two-thirds of th e w o m e n ' s and m en's hosiery workers were employed in nonmetropolitan a r e a s in Septem ber 1973, compared with slightly more than three-fourths in children's hosiery. In the Southeast, between seven-tenths and eight-tenths of the workers in each segment were in nonmetropolitan areas; by contrast nearly nine-tenths of all 4 For results of earlier hosiery surveys, see Industry W a g e Survey: Hosiery, September 1970 Bulletin 1743 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1972); Hosiery, September 1967 Bulletin 1562 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1968); Hosiery, September 1964 Bulletin 1456 (Bureau of Labor Statis tics, 1965); and Hosiery, February 1962 Bulletin 1349 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1962). 5 Indexes of Output Per Man-Hour: Selected Indus tries, 1974 ed. , Bulletin 1827 (Bureau of Labor Statistices, 1974) p. 44. 6 Based on data from the Bureau's employment and earnings series. 7 For definitions of regions used in this report, see appendix A , table A - l , footnote 1. In this study, Virginia was included in the Southeast. hosiery workers in the Middle Atlantic States w e r e e m p l o y e d in metropoli tan a r e a s .8 Establishment size. Mills with 250 workers or more employed about threefifths of the women's hosiery workers, one-half of those in m en's hosiery, and slightly more than one-fourth of the chil dren's hosiery employees. As the fol lowing tabulation illustrates, the pro portion of workers employed by this size m ill was greater in metropolitan areas than nonmetropolitan areas for the m en's and children's branches; for the women's branch, however, the opposite was true. Percent of workers in mills of 250 workers or more in— Metropolitan areas Nonmetropolitan areas A ll m i l l s ------------------------- 54 53 W omen's h o s ie r y ____ Men's hosiery Children's h o sie r y ___ 57 59 30 65 47 26 Unionization. M i l l s with 1 a b p r management agreements c o v e r i n g a majority of t h e i r production workers employed 7 percent of the workers in the m en's branch and less than 5 percent in the women's branch. None of the chil dren's hosiery m ills studied operated under union c o n t r a c t s . The Textile Workers Union of America (AFL-CIO) was the major union in the industry. Method of wage payment. Incentive wage plans, almost a l w a y s based on individual piecework rates, applied to about three-fifths of the workers in the women's and m en's hosiery segments, and to nearly two-thirds of the children'g hosiery workers (tables 12, 30, and 47). Workers in jobs such as boarders and preboarders, toe seam ers, examiners, folders, b o x e r s , and sewing-machine operators were usually paid incentive rates. At least n i n e - t e n t h s of the knitting-machine adjusters and fixers, dyeing-machine tenders, and s e w i n g machine repairers, on the other hand, were time r a t e d . Most t i m e - r a t e d 8 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U. S . Office of Management and Budget through November 1972. w o r k e r s were under informal plans which paid primarily according to the individual's qualifications; formal plans (usually p r o v i d i n g ranges of rates) applied to one-third. Sex. At least seven-tenths of the production workers in each i n d u s t r y branch, and all or almost all workers in j o b s s u c h as knitters, boarders, preboarders, toe seam ers, examiners, folders, menders, pairers, and sewingmachine operators were women. NearLy all of the knitting-machine adjusters and fixers, dyeing-machine t e n d e r s , and sewing-machine repairers w e r e men. Thus, the predominance of men or women in occupations closely paralleled the d is tribution of jobs by method of wage payment— time rated for men, incentive paid for women. ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , 1 Unit ed S ta te s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1973) U nit ed S ta te s 2 H ourly e a rn in g s 1 A ll w orkers Men Women M iddle A tl a n t i c South ea st U nd e r $ 1.60 $ 1.65 $1.70 $ 1 . 6 0 __________________________________________ ____ _ and u n d e r $ 1.65 ___________________________________ and u n d e r $ 1 . 7 0 __________________________ _________ and u n d e r $ 1 . 7 5 _________________ ___________ —_ 0.1 1.9 .5 1.0 ( 3) 0.5 .2 .3 0.1 2 .3 .5 1.2 0.2 1.2 .3 .6 ( 3) 1.9 .5 .9 $ $ $ $ $ 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.95 and and and and and under un d e r under under under $ 1 . 8 0 ____________ _____________ ________ _ $ 1 . 8 5 ___________________ _______ ________ $ 1 . 9 0 _ _ _____ ____________________________ $ 1 . 9 5 ____ __________________________ ____ $ 2 . 0 0 ___________________________________ .9 6.9 2 .4 3.0 2 .6 .4 3.2 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.0 7.9 2 .8 3.4 3.0 l.Q 1.6 1.9 .7 .9 .9 7.3 2.4 2.8 2 .6 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 1 0 ___________________________________ $ 2 . 2 0 ___________________________________ $ 2 . 3 0 ___________________________________ $ 2 . 4 0 ___________________________________ $ 2 . 5 0 ___________________________________ 8.4 8.1 8.0 7.1 6.9 6.0 5.1 5.8 5.2 5 .6 9.0 9.0 8 .6 7.6 7.3 10.9 7.8 6.7 6.6 5.9 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.3 7.2 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 and and and and and under under under Under under $ 2 . 6 0 ___________________________________ $ 2 . 7 0 ______ ____ ________________________ $ 2 . 8 0 ________________ _________ — ........__ $ . 2 . 9 0 ______________ ______ ______.............. $ 3 . 0 0 ___________________________________ 6.6 5.1 4 .8 3.8 3.4 5 .9 4.2 5.1 3.6 3.3 6.8 5.4 4 .7 3.8 3.4 8.0 4 .6 5.0 3.8 3.6 6.6 5.2 4 .8 3.-8 3.4 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $ 3.40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 . 1 0 ________________ ___________________ $ 3 . 2 0 _________ _________________________ $ 3 . 3 0 ___________________________________ $ 3 . 4 0 ___________________________________ $ 3 . 5 0 _____________________________ _____ 3.3 2 .6 2 .6 2.0 1.6 5.8 4 .4 5.6 3.8 3.7 2 .6 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.0 3.9 4.2 3.3 2.5 2.2 3.2 2.5 2 .6 2.0 1.5 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 . 6 0 __________________________________ $ 3 . 7 0 ______ _____________________________ $ 3 . 8 0 ___________________________________ $ 3 . 9 0 ______ _____________________________ $ 4 . 0 0 ------------------------------------------------------ 1.6 1.1 1.1 .5 .4 4.0 2,9 3.3 .9 .9 .9 .7 .5 .4 .3 1.4 1.4 3.0 .8 .9 1.6 1.1 1.0 .5 .4 $ 4 . 0 0 and o v e r _____________ ______________________________ 2 .0 6.6 .7 5.1 1.7 T o t a l ------ --------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------- 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 59,516 12,744 46,772 2,637 52,427 $2.49 $2.84 $2.40 $2.68 $2.48 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s _______________________________________ A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1____ ___________________________ 1 2 tables, 3 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , I n c l u d e s data f o r r e g i o n s in a d d it i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . s e e t ab le A - l in a p p e n d i x A . , L e s s than 0.05 p e r c e n t . NOTE: Because of rounding, sum s o f individual item s h o l i d a y s , and l a te s h i f t s . F o r definition of re g io n s (o r a re a s) m a y not e q u a l 100. sh ow n in this o r s u b s e q u e n t Part I. Women's Hosiery Average hourly earnings The 33,301 production workers in women’ s hosiery m ills averaged $ 2.54 an hour in September 1973— 13 percent more than the level recorded 3 years earlier (table 2 ).9 This was slightly below the 15 percent increase in the Consumer Price Index during the same period, and well below the 19-percent rise in earnings for all nondurable man ufacturing workers, as measured by the Bureau’ s index of average hourly earn ings. Regionally, th e September 1973 survey .showed earnings for women’ s ho siery workers rose 9 percent in the Middle Atlantic and 13 percent in the Southeast to $ 2.64 and $ 2.54 an hour, respectively. North Carolina and Tennessee, to gether employing four-fifths of the 29, 190 workers in the Southeast region, were studied separately, as were two impor tant hosiery production centers in North Carolina (tables 8—11). Average hourly earnings were $ 2.59 in North Carolina— 9 cents an hour more than in Tennessee. Wage levels averaged $ 2 .7 0 in WinstonSalem—High Point, N .C ., compared with $ 2 .6 4 in Hickory—Statesville. Women, constituting four-fifths of the employment, averaged $ 2.47, compared with $ 2 .8 6 for the 6,393 men. This 16percent average wage advantage for men is a slight increase from 1970, and re verses a long-term narrowing trend be tween m en’ s and women’ s overall wage le v e ls. Between the F e b r u a r y 1962 and September 1970 surveys, the gap between m en’ s and women’ s average hourly earn ings, much of which can be traced to occupational staffing in the industry, fell from 25 percent to 10 percent. 10 During this period, certain low-paying jobs, in cluding grey examiners and toe loopers— both staffed p r i m a r i l y by women— declined in relative importance; whereas, automatic boarders, preboarders, and sewing-machine operators (first surveyed in 1970) also predominantly women but 9 Op. cit. , Bulletin 1743, part I. 10 Ibid. somewhat higher paying significantly in creased their share of the work force. The m en’ s average, on. the other hand, was adversely affected by the declining importance of top paying jobs such as adjusters and fixers and knitters of fullfashioned hosiery. During the 1970—73 period, however, a slight reversal occurred in some of these occupational shifts (e.g., adjusters and fixers and preboarders), but the exact effect on wage levels cannot be deter mined. Also affecting the gap between men’ s and women’ s wage levels were differences in average hourly earnings increases recorded among the surveyed occupations. 11 Average hourly earnings were higher in metropolitan areas than in nonmet ropolitan areas ($ 2.65 compared with $2.49). This relationship held in the Southeast, the o n l y region permitting comparison. Pay relationships by size of m ill were less clear. In the Southeast, average hourly earnings were $ 2 .5 7 in the 250 workers or more category, $ 2.48 in m ills of 100 to 249 workers, and $ 2.54 in m ills of 20 to 99 workers. In the Middle Atlantic States, where none of the mills studied employed 100 to 249 workers, earnings averaged $ 2 .7 3 in the smallest category and $ 2.55 an hour in m ills of 250 or more. The exact influence on wages of in dividual factors such as community and establishment size was not isolated for t h i s survey. Thus, w a g e differences noted previously and in the following dis cussion of occupational earnings may re flect the interrelationship of such factors. 11 Differences in average pay levels for men and women also may result f r o m other factors, including variations in the d i s t r i b u t i o n of the sexes among establishments and among jobs having disparate pay levels. Differences in averages for men and women in the same job and area may reflect minor differences in duties. Job descriptions in wage surveys are usually more generalized than those in individual establishments to a l l o w for possible differences among establishments in specific duties. Earnings for some jobs are determined largely by production at p i e c e rates. Variations in incentive earnings for individuals or sex groupings may be traceable to differences in work experience, work flow, or other factors. Earnings of 98 percent of the work ers were within a range of $ 1.60 and $ 4 an hour; the middle half fell between $2. 13 and $ 2.88 (table 3). Although fewer than 2 percent of the workers were paid within 5 cents an hour of the $ 1.60 Federal minimum wage for manufacturing at the time of the survey (5 V2 years after its effective date), w om ens hosiery remains a relatively low wage industry. To illustrate, 15 percent of the workers earned less than $ 2 an hour— the Federal minimum which took effect 8 months after the survey period. The proportion of workers at this end of the earnings dis tribution was about th e same in the Southeast (14 percent) as in the Middle Atlantic region (13 percent). Occupational earnings Three-fifths of the production work ers in the women’ s hosiery industry were in occupations selected to represent skill and earnings levels. Among these jobs, average hourly earnings ranged from $ 2.06 for transfermachine operators to $ 3.42 for adjusters and fixers of knitting machines. Sewingmachine operators working on pantyhose, th e largest group studied separately, averaged $ 2.59 (table 4). Percentagewise,- the largest average increases for numerically important jobs between September 1970 and 1973 often were reported for those already relatively high-paid. For example, adjusters and fixers in 1973 averaged 18 percent above the $2. 91 recorded in 1970. At the other end of the scale, some jobs experienced substantially lower rates of increase, including toe seamers (10 percent), grey examiners (9 percent), and folders (8 percent). Changes such as these con tributed to widening the overall wage differential between the sexes since ad justers were nearly all men and the other three were nearly all women. In the four occupations permitting comparisons, men averaged more than women by amounts ranging from 34 cents an hour for boarders to 61 cents for double-feed machine knitters. These dif ferences within jobs can be traced to a number of factors, including the high incidence of incentive pay plans and the distribution of men and women among m ills with disparate pay levels. Occupational averages were usually highest in metropolitan areas and in the largest establishment s i z e group (tables 5 and 6). In the Southeast, the only region where comparisons were pos sible, wage advantages held by mills in metropolitan a r e a s and by t h o s e having 250 workers or m o r e usually were more pronounced than they were nationwide. Occupational averages also varied by method of pay. Incentive paid workers usually averaged 10 to 20 percent more than tim e-rated workers in the same job. (table 7). Straight-time h o u r l y earnings of individual w o r k e r s within th e same occupation and area (tables 8—11), and even within the same m ill, were widely dispersed. For example, in WinstonSalem—High Point, 15- to 30-percent dif ferentials most commonly separated the highest and lowest paid adjuster and fixer within the same m ill; also, the highest paid pairer often earned at least twice as much as the lowest paid. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions D a t a were also obtained for p ro duction workers on shift differential pro visions and practices and for both pro duction and office employees on work schedules and on selected supplementary benefits, including paid holidays, paid vacations, and health, insurance, and re tirement plans. Scheduled weekly hours. About ninetenths of the production and office work ers were scheduled to work 40 hours per week in September 1973 (table 13). Most of the others were scheduled for less than 40 hc^urs, including one-fifth of the production workers in Tennessee who were on 30 hours per week. Shift differential p r o v i s i o n s and practices. Mills employing 92 percent of the production workers had provisions covering second shifts, and 81 percent were in m ills with provisions for third or other late shifts (table 14). At the time of the survey, 15 percent actually were employed on second shifts, and 5 percent on third or other late shifts (table 15). Shift differential pay, how ever, usually was not provided. Paid holidays. Paid holidays, most commonly 5 or 6 days annually, were granted in establishments employing about three-fifths of the production and fourfifths of the office workers (table 16). Provisions for both groups of workers were more liberal in the Middle Atlantic States (typically 5 or 7 days) than the Southeast (typically 3 to 6 days). Paid vacations. Paid vacations, after qualifying periods of service, were pro vided in establishments employing seveneights of the production workers and more than nine-tenths of the office work ers (table 17). Typical provisions for production workers were 1 week’s pay after 1 year of service and 2 weeks1 pay after 5 years. For office workers, typical provisions were 1 or 2 weeks after 1 year and 2 weeks after 2 years. More liberal provisions, however, were available to substantial proportions of the workers; for example, one-fourth of the production workers were in m ills pro viding 3 weeks after 10 years and oneseventh were in m ills (all in the Southeast) providing 4 weeks after 20 years. The incidence of vacation provisions varied somewhat by region. Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Nine-tenths or more of the pro duction and office workers were in m ills paying at least part of the cost of life, hospitalization, and surgical insurance (table 18). M a j o r medical insurance applied to slightly more than four-fifths of the workers in each employee group, basic medical to just over three-fourths, and about one-half in each group were provided accidental death and dismember ment insurance and protection against loss of income due to illness or accident. The incidence of these plans, contrary to the pattern in most other industries, was much higher in the Southeast than in the Middle Atlantic States. Retirement pension plans, in addition to Federal social security, c o v e r e d slightly more than two-fifths of the pro duction and o f f i c e workers. Pension plans were more common in the MiddleAtlantic than the Southeast. Severance payments upon retirement, however, were rare. The employer usually financed re tirement plans, as well as other health and insurance plans. Other selected benefits. Paid leave for workers serving as j u r o r s was available to two-fifths of the production and office workers, while paid funeral leave provisions covered about one-;-sixth and three-tenths, respectively (table 19). Severance pay plans for workers p er manently separated from employment be cause of technological changes or mill closing were rare for production workers, but applied to one-tenth of the office w orkers. (N u m b er and a v e ra g e s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a r n in g s 1 o f p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s b y s e le c te d c h a r a c t e r is t ic s , U nited S tates and s e le c te d r e g io n s , S ep tem b er 1973) United States 2 Item A ll p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s _ M en W o m e n ___ _ ___ .................. ______ . M id d le A tla n tic N um ber of w ork ers Southeast N u m b er of w ork ers A v e ra g e h o u rly ea rn in g s 3 3 ,3 0 1 6 ,3 9 3 2 6, 908 $2.54 2 .8 6 2 .47 1 ,3 7 3 306 1 ,0 6 7 $2.64 3.23 2 .4 7 2 9 , 190 5, 535 2 3 ,6 5 5 $ 2 .5 4 2.83 2.48 1 0 ,7 3 4 2 2, 567 2 .6 5 2 .4 9 1 ,3 4 6 - 2 .6 5 - 8, 543 2 0 ,6 4 7 2 .6 9 2.48 2 , 556 9, 997 2 0 ,7 4 8 2 .5 8 2 .4 6 2 .5 8 692 2.73 1, 676 9 ,2 0 3 18,311 2.54 2.48 2.57 A verage h o u rly ea rn in g s N um ber of w ork ers A v e ra g e h ou rly earnings S iz e o f com m u n ity: M e t r o p o li t a n a r e a s 3 ____ ..... N on m etrop olita n a r e a s _______________________ S iz e o f esta b lish m en t: 2 0 -9 9 w o r k e r s ... _ ... _ 1 00 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s ______________________________ 250 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ____ _ ... _____ ... - 681 - 2 .5 5 1 E x clu d es p re m iu m pay f o r o v e r tim e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . 2 In clu des data fo r re g io n s in a d d ition to th o se shown s e p a r a te ly . 3 Standard M etrop olita n S ta tistica l A r e a s as d efin ed b y the U .S . O ffic e o f M a n a gem en t and B udget through N o v e m b e r 1972. N O TE : D ashes indicate no data r e p o r te d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lica tio n c r it e r i a . ( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 U n ite d S ta te s and s e le c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1973) U n ited S ta te s 2 H o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 A ll w ork ers M en M id d le A tla n t ic S o u th e a st (3 ) .1 '0.1 0 .5 .3 .7 0 .4 1.4 .5 .7 (3 ) 1.1 .2 .5 .6 5.1 2.2 2.5 2 .4 .3 2 .4 .7 1.5 1.1 .7 5.7 2 .5 2 .8 2 .7 1.4 2 .8 2 .6 1.2 1.6 .6 5.1 2.1 2.2 2 .4 ___ _____ _ __ __ ___ __ _____ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ _ ______ ___ __ _ _ __ _ ______ __ _ ___ ___ 7.5 8. 1 8.1 7 .9 7.6 5.6 4. 8 5.7 6.6 6 .3 7 .9 8. 9 8 .6 8.2 7 .9 11.6 5. 9 8.1 6 .7 4 .7 7.2 8. 3 8.2 8.2 8.1 under under under under under $ 2 .6 0 __ ____ _______ _ ___ __ $ 2 .7 0 ____________ _ ____ _ $ 2 .8 0 _ ___ ____ _ _ _ $ 2 . 9 0 _______ _________ _ ____ __ $ 3 .00 ___ ___ __ _ __ _____ 6 .9 5 .9 4 .9 3.9 3.8 5.6 4 .6 4 .9 3.1 3.5 7.1 6.2 4 .9 4.1 3 .9 8 .4 3.6 5.6 2 .0 1.8 6.9 6.1 4 .9 4 .0 4 .0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 . 1 : 0 ____ ____ _ __ _ _ ____ ___ _ _ _______ _ _ $ 3 .2 0 _ ___ ___ _______ _ _ $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 __ __ ___ _ _ $ 3 ,5 0 ___ _________ ___ ____________ 3.7 2 .9 2 .8 2 .3 1.6 6 .4 4 .3 5 .3 4 .1 3.5 3.1 2 .5 2.2 1.9 1.2 4 .5 3 .4 3.0 2 .2 1.6 3.6 2 .8 2 .8 2 .4 1.6 and and and and and under under under under under _______ $ 3 .6 0 _ _ ______ ____ __ $ 3.70 ___ _ ___ ______ ___ $ 3 .8 0 _________ _ ___________ ___ $ 3 .9 0 _ ___ ___________ ___________ $ 4 ,0 0 _ _ _ ............ 1.7 1.1 1.2 .6 .4 4 .0 2 .3 3.6 .9 .6 1.2 .8 .6 .5 .4 1.7 1.7 4 .8 1.2 .8 1.8 1.1 1.0 ,5 .4 U nder $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 ,7 0 $ 1.60 and u n d e r and u n d e r and u n d e r ___________ __________ ___ _________ $ 1.65 _ ----- ----- ---------- ------------------$ 1 , 7 0 _____ ___ _ ___ _ _ -----$ 1.75 _ _________ _ _______ ______ 0,1 1.3 .2 .6 (3 ) 0 .4 $ $ $ $ $ 1.75 1 .80 1 .8 5 1 .9 0 1.95 and and and and and un der under under under under $ $ $ $ $ $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 ,4 0 and and and and and under u n d er under under under $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 ,5 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 and and and and and $ $ $ $ $ 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 $ $ $ $ $ 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 3 ,9 0 1.80 ___________________ ___________ 1.85 ___ ___ ___ __ _______ 1.90 __ __ ______________ ___ ----------1.95 _ __ ___ ___ _ ----2 .0 0 ____ __________ _____ _____ $ 4 .0 0 and o v e r T ota l W om en _______ __ _____ __ _____________________ N um ber of w ork ers A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 _ . . _ ... 2.1 7 .4 .8 4 .2 1.9 100.0 100.0 1 00 .0 100 .0 100.0 3 3 ,3 0 1 6, 393 2 6 ,9 0 8 1, 373 29, 190 $ 2 .5 4 $ 2 .8 6 S 2 .4 7 $ 2 .6 4 $ 2 .5 4 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , 2 I n clu d e s d a ta f o r re g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly , 3 L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , h o lid a y s , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n ot e q u a l 100. and la te s h if t s . Tabie 4. Women's hosiery mills: Occupational averages—all mills (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , U nited S ta tes and s e le c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p te m b e r 1973) U nited States O c c u p a tio n and se x N u m b er of w ork ers M id d le A tla n tic H ou rly e a r n in g s 3 M ean N u m b er M edian M id d le ra n g e of w ork ers S outheast H ou rly e a r n in g s 3 N u m b er H ou rly e a rn in g s 3 of M ean M ed ian M id d le ra n g e w ork ers M ean M edian M idd le ra n g e P la n t o c c u p a t io n s K n ittin g: A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting m a c h in e s (1 , 996 m e n , 7 w o m e n ) 4 ___ S e a m le s s , f u l l - o r k n e e -le n g t h (1, 744 m e n , 3 w o m e n ) S e a m le s s , h a lf - h o s e (86 m e n , 2 w o m e n )___ _________ _____________ C o lle c t io n -s y s t e m in s p e c to rs (26 m e n , 4 14 w o m e n ) C o lle c t io n -s y s t e m o p e r a to r s W om en K n it t e r s , w o m e n s s e a m le s s h o s i e r y , s i n g l e - f e e d (20 m e n , 7 1 w o m e n ) ............. K n it t e r s , w o m e n s s e a m le s s h o s ie ry , t w o - f e e d 4 Men W om en 4 00 n e e d le s _ . _ M en W om en K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s ie ry , fo u r -fe e d 4 M en W om en . . 4 00 n e e d le s M en ........ .. W om en K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s i e r y , e i g h t - f e e d 4. M en W om en 400 n e e d le s M e n .... W om en _ K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t ic (19 m e n , 203 w o m e n ) ___ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic Men W om en _ _ _ B o a r d e r s , Dunn m e th o d (14 m e n , 385 w o m e n )__ B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u to m a tic (a ll w o m e n ) ... . P r e b o a r d e r s (2 4 m e n , 832 w o m e n )___ M i s c e ll a n e o u s : S e a m e r s . t o e (a ll w o m e n ) E x a m in e r s (h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s ) (a ll w om en I 4 . G r e v ( g r e i g e ) e x a m in e r s F in is h e d e x a m i n e r s D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s (341 m e n , 2 w o m e n ) ___ _ _ M e n d e r s , hand, fin is h (a ll w o m e n ) ___ M e n d e r s , h a n d, g r e y fa ll w o m e n ) P a i r e r s (a ll w o m e n ) 4 S to ck in g s P antv h o s e T r a n s fe r -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s (a ll w o m e n ) See fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b le . 2, 003 $3.42 $3.40 $ 3 .1 0 -$ 3 .7 5 53 $3.66 $3.66 $ 3 .3 5 -$ 3 .8 5 1, 710 $3.41 $3.40 $ 3 .1 0 -$ 3 .7 5 1 ,7 4 7 3 .4 8 3 .4 0 3 .1 5 - 3.75 36 3 .78 3.75 3 .6 5 - 3.91 1, 573 3.46 3.40 3 .1 5 - 3.75 88 3.28 3.36 3 .1 5 - 3 .50 70 3.23 3.35 3 .1 5 - 3.45 440 259 142 2.36 2 .56 2 .34 2 .3 5 2 .5 0 2 .3 5 2 .2 3 - 2 .4 8 2 .2 5 - 3.06 2 .2 5 - 2 .5 0 402 251 140 2 .36 2 .56 2 .3 4 2.35 2.50 2.35 2 .2 3 - 2 .48 2 .2 5 - 3.06 2 .2 5 - 2.50 81 2.35 2 .1 5 2 .1 3 - 2.41 210 55 155 143 55 88 2 .6 9 3 .14 2 .53 2.77 3 .14 2.53 2 .5 5 3 .20 2 .5 0 2 .7 9 3 .2 0 2 .4 5 2 .4 5 2 .8 5 2 .4 0 2 .4 0 2 .8 5 2 .1 5 - 2 .9 0 3.43 2 .55 3 .19 3.43 2 .7 9 23 19 23 19 " 3.51 3.47 3.51 3.47 3.70 3.65 3.70 3.65 - 250 140 110 220 134 86 2 .7 9 2 .9 0 2.65 2 .83 2.92 2 .6 9 2 .6 5 2 .7 9 2 .6 3 2 .6 5 2 .7 9 2 .6 5 2 .6 3 2 .6 3 2 .5 5 2 .6 3 2 .6 3 2 .6 3 - 3.00 3.20 2 .6 5 3 .20 3.20 2 .7 9 " " - 212 49 163 212 49 163 2 .5 8 2 .9 9 2 .46 2 .5 8 2 .9 9 2 .4 6 2 .5 0 3 .0 0 2 .5 0 2 .5 0 3.00 2 .5 0 2 .4 0 2 .7 0 2 .3 2 2 .4 0 2 .7 0 2 .3 2 - 2.75 3.25 2 .5 0 2 .75 3.25 2 .5 0 - " 222 2 .27 2 .2 0 2 .0 9 - 2 .40 34 2 .5 4 2 .36 310 42 268 2 .5 9 2 .8 8 2 .5 4 2 .5 2 3 .0 3 2 .4 9 2 .2 0 - 2 .9 4 2 .3 8 - 3.44 2 .1 7 - 2 .82 - - - - - 399 2 .62 2 .5 4 2 .2 4 - 2 .9 6 893 856 2 .83 2 .74 2.81 2.7 1 2 .4 2 - 3 .18 2 .2 8 - 3 .18 2 ,3 7 9 2 .5 0 2 .4 6 2 .1 2 - 2.81 1 ,6 5 8 943 680 2 .56 2 .4 3 2 .76 2 .4 6 2 .3 5 2.71 2 .1 0 - 2.9 2 2 .0 5 - 2.76 2 .3 0 - 3.15 343 257 130 605 80 64 2.55 2.61 2 .4 0 2 .6 4 2 .17 2.46 2 .5 0 2.51 2 .3 5 2 .5 4 2.11 2 .2 3 2 .2 5 2 .1 7 2 .1 1 2 .1 5 2 .0 0 2 .0 7 - 2.85 2 .9 9 2.67 3.06 2.25 2 .6 8 18 26 - 193 2 .06 1.90 1 .8 5 - 2 .2 0 7 - - " 81 2 .3 5 2.15 2 .1 3 - 2.41 145 36 109 92 36 56 2 .6 4 2.97 2 .5 3 2 .72 2 .97 2 .5 6 2.55 3.00 2.50 2.79 3.00 2.50 2 .5 0 2 .7 9 2 .4 6 2 .4 0 2 .7 9 2 .4 0 - 2 .79 3.20 2.55 3.00 3.20 2.79 _ - 234 124 110 204 118 86 2 .7 3 2 .8 0 2 .6 5 2 .7 6 2.81 2 .6 9 2.63 2.70 2.63 2,65 2.72 2.65 2 .5 5 2 .6 3 2 .5 5 2 .6 3 2 .6 3 2 .6 3 - 2.94 3.20 2.65 3.00 3.20 2 .79 - - ■ - 200 43 157 200 43 157 2 .56 2.91 2 .46 2 .56 2.91 2 .4 6 2 .50 3.00 2.50 2.50 3.00 2 .50 2 .4 0 2 .7 0 2 .4 0 2 .4 0 2 .7 0 2 .4 0 - 2.75 3.20 2.50 2.75 3.20 2.50 - 32 3 .3 2 3 .2 5 3 .3 2 3 .2 5 - 3.70 3 .70 3.70 3.70 2 .1 7 - 2 .6 9 : : 188 2.22 2.17 2 .0 8 - 2.36 233 2 .56 2.49 2 .2 0 - 2 .88 207 2 .4 9 2.45 2 .1 6 - 2.75 297 2 .6 4 2 .58 2 .2 7 - 2.96 2 .83 2 .7 7 2.82 2.80 2 .4 3 - 3.19 2 .3 3 - 3.22 2 .66 2.43 2 .0 0 - 2.82 881 754 81 2 .8 5 2 .7 8 2 .4 6 - 3.31 2, 059 2 .52 2.47 2 .1 5 - 2.82 46 39 ~ 2 .3 6 2 .3 8 2.40 2 .4 0 2 .1 6 - 2 .60 2 .2 3 - 2 .60 " 1, 392 769 615 2.62 2 .4 8 2 .7 9 2.52 2.40 2.74 2 .1 6 - 2 .9 8 2 .1 0 - 2.82 2 .3 1 - 3.19 3.31 2 .2 8 - 3.57 2 .1 4 " 2 .9 1 - 3.92 1 .8 2 - 2 .63 - . - 299 234 93 517 71 27 2 .5 0 2 .6 4 2 .37 2 .6 4 2 .1 6 2 .2 8 2.50 2.56 2.36 2.56 2.05 2.23 2 .2 5 2 .2 3 2 .1 5 2 .1 5 2 .0 0 2 .0 6 - 186 2 .0 6 1.88 1 .8 5 - 2.15 - " 2.27 _ - 2.75 3.00 2.57 3.06 2.25 2.47 (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , U nited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p te m b e r 1973) U nited S t a t e s 2 O c c u p a t io n and s e x N u m ber of w ork ers M id d le A tla n tic H o u r ly e a rn in g s 3 M ean M ed ia n M id d le ra n g e Sou th ea st N u m b er of w ork ers M ean M ed ia n M id d le ra n g e $2.69 $2.63 $ 2 .3 3 -$ 3 .0 9 H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 3 N u m b er of w ork ers M ean M ed ia n 4, 372 $ 2.60 $2.55 $ 2 .2 4 -$ 2 .9 1 2, 540 371 2 .5 8 2 .5 9 2 .5 2 2 .5 9 2.17>- 2 .92 2 .2 5 - 2 .8 5 120 528 65 2 ,7 1 1 25 3 .0 9 2.41 2 .6 4 2.51 2 .1 9 3 .0 8 2 .3 4 2 .3 9 2 .4 8 2.21 2 .8 9 1 .8 0 2 .1 0 2 .1 6 1 .8 5 - 94 13 2 .5 4 2 .5 3 2 .5 0 2 .3 5 - 2 .7 4 H o u r ly e a r n in g s 3 M idd le ra nge P la n t o c c u p a t io n s — C o n tin u e d M is c e lla n e o u s — C on tin u ed S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (p an ty h o s e ) (3 m e n , 4 , 879 w o m e n ) 4 -----------L eg b la n k s e w e r s (3 m e n , 2 , 656 w o m e n ) _______________________ E l a s t ic s e w e r s (a ll w o m e n ) ________ R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a c h in e (a ll m e n ) ________ ______ _________________ F o ld e r s (a ll w o m e n ) ____________________ B o x e r s (4 m e n , 149 w o m e n ) _________ F o ld e r s and b o x e r s (a ll w o m e n ) B a g g e r s (2 m e n , 200 w o m e n ) 4 , 882 $2.59 $2.54 $ 2.22—$2.91 130 2 ,6 5 9 428 2 .5 8 2 .5 9 2 .5 2 2 .5 8 2 .1 8 - 2 .9 2 2 .2 4 - 2 .87 _ . - - 142 631 153 2 ,7 9 9 202 3 .14 2 .3 9 2 .5 8 2.51 2 .4 9 3 .0 6 2 .3 0 2 .5 5 2 .4 8 2 .4 0 2 .9 0 1 .8 5 2 .1 0 2 .1 5 2 .0 5 - 106 17 2.51 2 .3 9 2 .5 0 2 .2 5 2 . 3 0 - 2 .7 4 1 .9 5 - 2 .6 3 3 .36 2 .7 9 3 .0 8 2 .8 0 2 .8 3 _ 103 54 - 16 - _ . 2 .2 6 2 .4 5 2 .2 6 2 .4 6 - - 2 .1 7 2 .2 3 1 .8 5 - 2 .5 3 2 .0 1 - 2 .7 6 _ 2 .0 4 - 2 .2 4 3.35 2 .8 8 3 .04 2 .8 0 2 .46 O ffi c e o c c u p a t i o n s 5 C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ______________________________ T y p is t s , c l a s s B ____________________ ___ _ 1 2 3 4 5 - E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . I n c lu d e s data f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n t o th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . S ee a p p e n d ix A f o r m e t h o d u s e d in co m p u tin g m e a n s , m e d ia n s , and m id d le r a n g e s o f e a r n in g s . In c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d ition to t h o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . A ll w o rk e r s w e re w om en . NOTE: D a s h e s in d ic a t e n o data r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lica tio n c r i t e r i a . - M e d ia n s and m id d le ra n g e s w e r e not c o m p u te d f o r o c c u p a t io n s w ith fe w e r than 15 w o r k e r s . (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s by s iz e o f co m m u n it y , United Sta tes and s e le c t e d r e g i o n s , O c c u p a t io n and s e x M e tr o p o lita n a r e a s N o n m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s N u m b er of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 687 5 90 $3.7 3 3 .78 1 ,3 0 9 1, 154 $ 3.27 3.32 53 36 47 41 3.27 3.36 93 93 2 .72 2 .7 2 - 16 2 .85 119 50 2 .6 8 3.37 222 92 2 .4 8 3.02 224 97 2.41 2 .3 9 190 45 39 25 2 .6 3 2 .6 4 N u m b er of w ork ers S e p te m b e r 1973) S ou th ea st M id d le A tla n tic U nited Sta tes 2 A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s N u m b er of w ork ers N o n m e tr o p o lita n a re a s A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A v e ra g e h ou rly e a rn in g s $3.78 3.80 1. 135 1 ,0 3 2 $3.23 3.28 93 93 2.72 2.72 M en K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , kn ittin g m a c h in e s 3 _____________________________________ S e a m le s s , f u l l - o r k n e e - le n g t h ___________ K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s i e r y , f o u r - f e e d 3__________________________ 400 n e e d le s ___________________________ ____ — K n itte r s w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s i e r y , e ig h t - fe e d __________________ _______ M is c e lla n e o u s : D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s _______________________ R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a c h in e _________________ - $3.66 3.78 - 570 538 - - 16 2.85 98 44 2 .6 0 3.30 201 76 2.45 2 .97 2 .2 5 2 .2 4 210 95 2 .4 4 2 .3 9 184 45 2.25 2 .24 116 63 2 .4 9 2 .4 9 - 88 35 2 .5 6 2.64 108 84 2 .6 4 2 .6 8 108 84 2 .64 2 .68 81 81 172 2 .3 6 2 .3 6 2 .2 4 75 75 172 2 .3 6 2 .3 6 2 .24 17 - 3.24 W om en K n ittin g : C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m i n s p e c t o r s . . ______________ C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s _________________ K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s i e r y , t w o - f e e d 3___________________________ 400 n e e d l e s ___________________________________ K n it t e r s w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s i e r y , f o u r - f e e d 3. _________________________ 400 n e e d l e s . ________________________________ K n it t e r s w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s i e r y , e ig h t - fe e d 3 _________________________ 400 n e e d l e s ________ __________________________ K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c _______________ ___________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic _______________________ . . . . B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u t o m a t i c __________ .. P r e b o a r d e r s _____________________________________ M is c e lla n e o u s : S e a m e r s , t o e ________________________ _____ _______ E x a m in e r s ( h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) ______________ G r e y ( g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s __________________ F in is h e d e x a m in e r s ________________________ M e n d e r s , ha n d, fin is h ________________________ M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y . . . . . . ---------------------------P a i r e r s _______________ __________________________ T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s . . ____________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (p an ty h ose) 3 L e g b la n k s e w e r s ___________________________ E la s t ic s e w e r s _______________________________ F o l d e r s ___________________________________________ B o x e r s ____________________________________________ F o ld e r s and b o x e r s . . __________________________ - - - 2 .6 7 2 .8 5 2 .8 4 223 703 4 89 2.51 2 .82 2 .6 4 - 969 500 243 257 87 62 352 25 2 .5 9 2 .5 4 2 .21 2 .8 6 2 .6 4 2.51 2 .7 4 2 .1 9 1 ,4 1 0 1, 158 700 42 3 170 68 25 3 168 2 .4 4 2 .5 7 2 .51 2 .7 0 2 .6 0 2 .31 2 .51 2 .0 4 81 46 39 26 7 1 ,4 5 3 749 116 314 97 790 2 .7 4 2 .72 2 .6 8 2 .6 8 2 .4 0 2 .5 3 3 ,4 2 6 1 ,9 0 7 312 317 52 2 ,0 0 9 2 .5 3 2.52 2 .55 129 103 54 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , 2 In clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 In clu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: D ashes - 45 190 343 in d ic a te no data r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lica ti and la te s h ift s . c r it e r ia . 2.0 j 2 .8 8 2 .5 0 - 178 322 2 .8 9 2 .8 7 185 703 416 2 .50 2.82 2 .6 9 2.85 2 .3 6 2 .3 8 2 .2 8 2 .2 7 740 368 151 68 25 310 18 2 .6 6 2 .6 8 2 .3 0 2 .75 2.5 6 2 .80 2 .1 6 1 ,3 1 9 1 ,0 2 4 618 398 166 68 207 168 2 .4 4 2 .5 9 2 .53 2 .7 0 2 .5 9 2.31 2.41 2 .0 4 2 .6 9 2 .2 6 2.45 1 ,2 7 5 734 87 35 765 2 .7 7 2.71 2 .7 9 2.45 2 .5 4 *3,094 1 ,8 0 3 284 317 1 ,9 4 6 2 .5 3 2.52 2 .5 3 2 .0 9 2 .5 0 - Southeast United States E s ta b lis h m e n t s h a vin g — O c c u p a t io n and s e x 20—99 w o r k e r s 1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s 250 w o r k e r s o r m o r e 20—99 w o r k e r s 100—249 w o r k e r s 2 50 w o r k e r s o r m o r e A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m be r of w ork ers A v era ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m be r of w ork ers A v e ra g e h o u r ly ea rn in g s 1, 126 1, 008 $ 3 .5 7 3.62 172 172 $ 3 .1 9 3.19 610 519 $ 3 .2 2 3.30 92 3 879 $ 3 .5 9 3.60 2 .3 9 3.07 202 95 2 .6 0 3. i4 12 2 .4 5 - 112 38 2 .3 9 3.07 175 79 2 .5 7 3.10 2.21 2 ,2 2 56 2 .4 8 53 - 2 .2 3 _ 69 77 2 .2 5 2 .22 54 2 .4 9 _ _ 97 73 2 .6 3 2 .67 - - - 97 73 2 .6 3 2.67 A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers 206 201 $ 3 .2 6 3.2 5 664 535 $ 3 .2 2 3 .29 23 9 2 .8 9 3.52 116 38 59 - 2 .2 3 _ 82 77 N u m b er of w ork ers N u m b er of w ork ers M en K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 3 S e a m le s s , f u l l - o r k n e e - le n g t h ___________ M i s c e ll a n e o u s : D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s __________ _ _______ R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a c h i n e _________________ " W om en K n ittin g : C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m in s p e c t o r s C o lle c tio n -s y s te m o p e r a to r s K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s i e r y , f o u r - f e e d 3 ___ __ . ________ 4 00 n e e d le s _ _ ___ K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s i e r y , e i g h t - f e e d 3 ______________________ .. 4 00 n e e d le s ___________________________ ____ K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c --------------------- ---------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic R o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u to m a tic P r e b o a r d e r s ___ _______________________________ M i s c e ll a n e o u s : S e a m e r s , toe _______________________ ________ E x a m i n e r s , (h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s } 3 G r e y (g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s ________ ________ M e n d e r s , ha n d, fin is h . . . ___ ______________ _ M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y __________________________ P a i r e r s ___________________________________________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (p an ty h o s e ) 3 ___ ___________________________________ L e g blank s e w e r s _________________ _______ E l a s t ic s e w e r s __________ __ __ _ F o l d e r s and b o x e r s ___________ _____ __ ___ _ _ 32 . _ . 2 .3 8 108 108 105 2 .5 4 2 .5 4 2 .2 4 55 55 66 2 .2 8 2 .2 8 2 .3 0 - _ 65 84 _ 2.71 2 .3 8 154 159 273 2 .4 6 2 .7 0 2 .4 7 110 669 475 2 .6 6 2 .8 7 2 .9 4 356 153 124 15 _ 32 2 .75 2 .4 7 2 .3 9 2 .4 4 _ 2 .2 3 965 462 293 67 59 130 2 .3 8 2 .3 8 2 .2 9 2 .32 2.42 2 .2 8 1, 058 1, 043 526 175 69 443 363 156 24 129 2.62 2 .7 4 2 .56 2 .3 9 1, 077 887 123 1, 076 2 .6 0 2 .5 9 2 .6 5 2 .4 7 3 ,4 3 9 1, 613 281 1, 594 _ 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s , 2 In c lu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to the S ou th ea st. 3 I n clu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d ition to th ose show n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: D a s h e s in d ic a t e no data r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lica tio n c r it e r ia , _ - 102 102 105 2 .5 5 2 .5 5 2 .2 4 55 55 - 2 .2 8 2 .2 8 - 53 43 2 .7 8 2 .3 4 144 159 266 2 .3 9 2 .7 0 2 .4 8 63 669 4 29 2.71 2 .87 2 .9 9 2 .5 3 2 .6 5 2 .5 2 2 .7 4 2 .3 9 2 .7 8 283 123 95 11 _ - 2 .7 3 2 .4 9 2 .3 9 2.22 _ - 809 401 265 50 59 103 2 .4 3 2 .4 4 2 .3 5 2 .3 7 2 .4 2 2 .31 967 868 409 173 32 396 2 .5 3 2 .72 2 .5 9 2 .7 4 2 .3 0 2 .7 6 2 .5 9 2 .5 6 2 .5 6 2 .5 5 273 139 2.61 2 .7 0 1, 069 887 115 1, 069 2 .6 0 2 .5 9 2 .6 9 2 .4 7 3, 027 1, 511 240 1, 542 2 .6 0 2 .5 6 2 .56 2 .5 4 _ 100 _ 2 .3 9 - (Num ber and average straight-tim e hourly earnings1 of w orkers in selected occupations by method o f wage payment, United States and Southeast, Septem ber 1973) U n it e d S t a te s 2 O c c u p a t i o n and s e x T im e w o r k e r s N um ber of w ork ers S ou th ea st In ce n tiv e w o r k e r s A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w ork ers T im e w o r k e r s A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w ork ers I n c e n t iv e w o r k e r s A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m ber of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s M en K n it t in g : A d j u s t e r s a n d f i x e r s , k n it t in g m a c h i n e s _______________________________________ M is c e lla n e o u s : D y e in g -m a c h in e te n d e r s ........ R e p a i r m e n , s e w i n g m a c h i n e _________________ 1, 9 3 5 $ 3 .4 3 61 $ 3 .1 7 1, 672 $ 3 .4 2 33 307 142 2 .5 1 3 .1 4 34 2 .8 8 2 .4 7 3 .0 9 - 381 140 122 69 86 $ 3 .1 6 - " - 275 120 2 .3 5 2 .3 4 - - 362 1 40 2 .3 6 2 .3 4 - - 2 .4 6 2 .4 2 2 .1 5 33 19 117 2 .7 9 2 .9 2 2 .3 8 90 37 86 2 .4 5 2 .3 7 2 .1 5 19 19 86 2 .9 2 2 .9 2 2 .3 2 - 2 64 385 885 830 2 .5 5 2 .6 1 2 .8 3 2 .7 3 - - - - 2 03 2 97 873 7 38 2 .5 0 2 .6 4 2 .8 4 2 .7 7 2 ,3 5 3 1 ,4 3 3 755 670 236 95 168 2 .5 0 2 .6 3 2 .5 1 2 .7 6 2 .6 5 2 .4 2 2 .0 6 2 , 033 1 ,2 4 0 625 607 214 58 165 2 .5 2 2 .6 8 2 .5 8 2 .8 0 2 .6 8 2 .3 9 2 .0 6 4, 878 107 2, 756 2 .5 9 2 .6 9 2 .5 2 4 , 360 47 2 ,6 7 0 2 .6 0 2 .8 8 2 .5 2 W om en K n it t in g : C o lle c t io n - s v s t e m in s p e c to r s C o lle c tio n -s y s te m o p e r a to r s ...................... K n i t t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , f o u r - f e e d ....................... _ ................. .. 400 n e e d le s _ . . .. _ __ ...... . _ ... .... K n i t t e r s a u t o m a t i c ........ . ... _............... B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c .......... _ ...... ... ... B o a r d e r s , Dunn m e th o d . _ ........... B o a r d e r s , o t h e r th a n a u t o m a t i c ______________ P reb oard ers _ ...... ................ ...... _ .... M is c e lla n e o u s : S e a m e r s . to e . _ ___ ___ _ ______ ... ....... E x a m i n e r s ( h o s i e r y i n s p e c t o r s ) 3 ____________ G r e y ( g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s __________________ F in is h e d e x a m in e r s M e n d e r s , h a n d , f i n i s h ... _ M e n d e rs , hand, g r e v . ___ ... .......... . .... T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ................... .... S e w i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s (p a n ty hose) B oxers F o ld e r s and b o x e r s 225 188 10 21 35 25 - 42 43 2 .1 3 2 .1 0 2 .1 8 2 .2 1 2 .3 4 2 .0 8 - 2 .2 7 2 .0 3 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data fo r regions in addition to the Southeast. 3 Includes data fo r w orkers in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication crite ria . - ' 152 144 8 20 35 21 - 41 2 .0 7 2 .0 7 2 .0 3 2 .2 0 2 .3 4 2 .0 5 - 1 .9 9 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n and s e x trcrasc hourly of worker* earning* 1 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $ 2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $ 4.00 $4.20 $4.46 and under and $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $ 2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $ 2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $ 3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.2 0 $4.40 $4.60 o v e r A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ___ ____ ___________ M e n . . . ____ ________ _____ _______ ____ W o m e n . - . ___ _______ ________ ______ 1 9 ,4 6 7 3 ,8 2 3 1 5 ,6 4 4 $ 2 .5 9 2 .8 7 2 .5 2 21460 147 1313 878 77 801 1243 180 1063 1477 160 1317 1589 217 1372 1666 283 1383 1685 273 1412 1339 2 34 1105 1150 145 1005 964 191 773 847 146 701 800 119 681 776 259 517 619 181 438 586 188 398 529 179 350 381 160 221 356 132 224 267 105 162 198 98 100 133 30 103 73 11 62 123 49 74 259 227 32 35 21 14 34 11 23 1 ,1 1 7 1, 102 1 ,0 4 7 1 ,0 4 0 60 52 3.51 3.51 3.52 3.52 3 .3 6 3 .3 6 - - - - 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 26 26 26 26 31 31 31 31 43 43 43 43 70 69 65 64 5 5 101 101 94 94 7 7 59 58 54 53 5 5 139 131 120 120 19 11 144 144 135 135 7 7 94 89 85 80 9 9 62 62 56 56 5 5 70 70 64 64 3 3 16 16 16 16 - 3 3 2 2 - 36 36 36 36 - 204 204 202 202 - - 1 1 - - - - 1 - - 2 2 - - - - - 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 5 2 - 1 1 6 6 1 1 40 40 1 1 4 4 " 17 - - - - - - - - - S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — m en K nitting A d ju s t e r s , f i x e r s , knitting S e a m le s s , f u l l - o r k n e e - l e n g t h _______ S e a m le s s , h a l f - h o s e _________ _ T im e . - ----------------------------- — C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m in s p e c t o r s (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ------------------------ -K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s i e r y : F o u r - f e e d ( a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) ^ 400 n e e d l e s --------------------- ----------E i g h t - fe e d , 4 00 n e e d le s ( a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ------ ----------- ------------- 8 2 .6 8 61 55 3 .0 4 3 .0 9 - - - - - 2 2 34 3 .00 " “ ■ _ 2 ' ~ 219 195 2 .5 3 2 .5 0 3 2 10 10 11 11 13 13 16 16 16 16 24 21 27 25 21 14 24 19 37 35 8 8 2 2 - 2 2 2 - 2 - - - 1 1 81 3 .1 9 " ■ " 1 “ 2 " 7 7 11 9 7 6 7 1 4 14 3 280 2 72 2 .4 0 2 .3 9 _ _ 3 3 4 4 18 18 53 53 39 39 130 130 19 19 2 _ _ _ 2 _ 4 _ 6 6 _ _ - _ - _ - 104 2 .3 7 2 2 11 3 3 25 22 33 28 83 74 30 77 2 .4 2 2 .4 9 2 .4 2 2 .4 6 2 .4 1 3 3 3 _ . “ 6 6 6 6 1 6 3 3 3 32 4 _ _ 5 3 4 4 1 1 4 4 4 1 54 54 9 10 _ - 1 2 3 2 2 - 1 - 1 1 1 1 - 1 - 4 1 16 3 “ 2 4 - - 1 1 - 1 - 148 2 .5 0 25 8 4 10 12 12 10 6 5 12 5 8 9 6 5 4 3 1 2 31 30 26 30 30 46 24 26 22 13 18 12 55 56 43 20 15 17 3 7 M i s c e ll a n e o u s D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s ------------------ — T im e .. ---------------- ---------R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a c h in e (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ------ -------------------- — ' 2 S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s ---- w om en K nitting C o lle ^ ti^ n -s y s t e m in ^ p p f'fn rs T im a C o lle c t io n -s y s t e m o p e r a to r s (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) --------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s i e r y : S in g le -f e e d 4 h / _______ ___________ y u;n -[oorj ^ _ _ __ _______________ _____ T im 400 n e e d le s 4 a / ----------------------------------E i g h t - fe e d , 4 00 n e e d le s 4 a / ------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 12 7 9 9 6 7 6 13 2 3 ' 10 6 6 2 1 3 B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) -------------------------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u to m a tic (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ----------------------------P r e b o a r d e r s (a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) ------- 606 591 2 .8 5 2 .8 4 9 35 19 17 25 23 28 16 20 23 23 27 31 46 40 28 52 32 48 26 31 43 57 40 37 35 1 ,5 2 2 2 .5 6 129 57 103 103 99 129 136 94 135 79 91 65 71 M is c e lla n e o u s S e a m e r s , t o e ( a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) ------ S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b le . 4 NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OP— O c c u p a t io n a n d s e x Number of worker* Average $1.80 $ 1.90 $2.00 $ 2.10 $2.2 0 $ 2.30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2.60 $ 2 .7 0 $2.8 0 $ 2.90 hourly and earning* 1 und er $ 3.00 $3.1 0 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $ 3.8 0 $ 3.90 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 and $ 1.90 $7.00 $2.10 $ 2.20 $ 2.30 $ 2.40 $ 2.50 $2.6 0 $2.70 $2.8 0 $2-90 $ 3.00 $3.1 0 $3.20 $3.3 0 $3.40 $3.50 $ 3 .6 0 $3.7 0 $3.8 0 $ 3.9 0 $ 4.00 $ 4.20 $ 4.4 0 $4.60 o v e r S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — w o m e n — C o n tin u e d M i s c e ll a n e o u s — C on tin u ed E x a m in e r s (h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) ................... T im e ......... ......... ................ ...................... I n c e n t i v e s __________________________ G r e y ( g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s ............................. T im e ......................................................... . I n c e n t iv e ............................. ........... .......... F in is h e d e x a m in e r s 4b / ...................... ........ M e n d e r s , h a n d, f i n i s h ....................................... T im e ______________ _____ ____________ I n c e n t iv e ____________________________ M e n d e r s , h a n d, g r e y ........................................... T im e .......................................................... I n c e n t iv e ____________________________ P a ire r s 1 3 .............. ...................................... ........ ........ 2 I n c e n t iv e ____________________________ S t o c k in g s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ______ T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 4 b / _________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (p a n ty h o s e ) (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) 3 ........................ ........ L e g b la n k s e w e r s ........... .......................... ...... E l a s t ic s e w e r s ____________________________ F o l d e r s ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ..................... B o x e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ____________ F o ld e r s and b o x e r s __________________________ I n c e n t iv e ____________________________ 778 108 670 430 107 32 3 348 119 15 104 34 12 22 405 393 57 35 $2.66 2 .1 0 2 .75 2 .4 8 2 .1 0 2 .6 0 2 .8 8 2 .7 6 2 .3 8 2 .81 2 .5 0 2 .35 2 .5 8 2 .7 6 2 .7 7 2 .1 6 2 .3 4 40 10 30 35 10 25 5 21 21 12 7 26 1 25 15 1 14 11 9 1 8 4 4 23 23 9 1 51 23 28 40 22 18 11 9 9 3 3 24 24 15 2 79 48 31 64 48 16 15 5 5 16 16 1 4 62 18 44 37 18 19 25 4 1 3 2 2 18 18 3 1 47 47 34 34 13 13 7 6 2 2 17 17 4 4 68 8 60 39 8 31 29 16 3 13 4 2 2 37 25 6 2 55 31 30 47 30 34 33 31 26 15 17 11 9 8 3 13 3 4 5 55 30 31 16 30 11 47 20 30 17 34 10 33 18 31 8 26 8 15 8 17 10 11 2 9 2 8 2 3 - 13 3 3 - 4 - 5 1 30 25 6 2 4 6 4 2 19 19 7 16 15 6 1 5 7 1 6 21 21 1 4 11 19 5 20 27 3 17 13 3 10 24 3 18 15 9 8 23 3 8 18 4 8 7 4 10 7 5 2 9 1 2 7 4 2 6 1 3 1 3 10 2 3 2 4 - 1 4 1 5 - 3 - 3 2 3 2 9 - 3 2 4 - 4 - 5 - 1 - 4 - 1 - 1 - 2 - 2 - - 1 - 22 22 1 2 21 21 - 2 24 24 - 24 24 - 8 8 - 6 6 - 6 6 - 6 6 - 6 6 - 4 4 - 1 1 - 1 1 - ~ " " 8 8 1 1 11 11 - “ 24 24 1 2 12 12 - ■ 25 25 4 1 ■ ■ 2 ,4 6 4 1, 726 204 325 41 1 ,8 3 9 1 ,8 2 1 2 .6 7 2 .6 4 2 .6 6 2 .71 2.92 2 .52 2 .5 3 107 99 6 40 166 148 109 88 10 7 89 89 125 103 9 3 1 112 112 160 119 7 13 5 123 123 176 118 22 22 6 155 155 151 115 6 12 118 118 174 125 15 24 161 161 174 122 20 22 1 139 139 174 100 22 29 172 172 175 116 12 15 120 120 157 84 20 20 6 111 111 153 121 6 14 4 97 97 114 69 14 21 2 79 79 92 57 7 17 2 39 39 103 68 7 13 3 37 37 77 49 9 10 27 27 53 38 3 9 2 25 25 59 41 1 6 1 21 21 32 20 3 11 8 22 22 25 15 3 4 11 11 31 21 2 5 6 6 13 8 5 4 4 17 17 2 2 2 6 6 2 2 4 4 1 1 1 3 3 _ - 64 8 11 2.5 7 2 .5 4 2 .55 - 2 - 1 5 1 2 8 2 8 - 12' 1 3 9 - 13 1 5 1 4 - 2 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - " - - S e le c t e d o f f i c e o c c u p a t io n s — w o m e n C l e r k s , p a y r o l l .............. .................. ..................... T y p is t s , c l a s s A .................................................... T y p i s t s , c l a s s B ................... ............ ...... ............. 1 2 J 4 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . In c lu d e s 3 w o r k e r s u n d e r $ 1 .8 0 in o th er than o c c u p a t io n s show n. I n c lu d e s da ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n in a d d itio n to th ose sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta t o w a r r a n t p u b lic a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w age p a y m e n t; (a ) p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , o r (b) p r e d o m in a n tly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , S e p te m b e r 1973) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— A„»r.C. O c c u p a t io n and s e x of workers hourly earning* 1 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 and und er $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $3.40, -$ 3 .5 0 $3.60, $ 3 .7 0 ■$3.80, $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 ,0 0 $ 4 .1 0 o v e r $ 2 .5 0 2 .7 2 2 .4 5 77 9 68 55 6 49 227 17 210 153 35 118 3 04 42 262 429 30 399 292 23 269 347 70 277 262 47 215 242 22 220 315 71 244 177 15 162 165 18 147 187 39 148 109 19 90 108 20 88 123 64 59 94 38 56 32 11 21 72 47 25 28 2 26 37 24 13 12 7 5 11 5 6 2 2 8 3 5 227 203 3 .2 0 3 .2 8 - - - - - 6 - 6 6 4 6 4 5 5 7 7 7 5 11 11 14 8 10 10 56 56 22 22 2 2 39 39 - 24 24 1 1 5 5 - - 43 2 .4 6 - - - 10 - 2 1 3 12 1 2 3 2 4 - - - - - 1 1 - 1 - - 10 2 .8 2 - - - - - 1 - 1 - - 1 - 2 2 3 46 95 2 .6 7 2 .2 3 47 9 7 2 1 - - - - 5 1 - 2 5 20 1 2 - 1 5 - 3 13 10 7 - " " - " 152 46 2 .6 7 2 .8 2 7 - - 3 4 1 - 8 2 8 4 11 3 6 - 7 2 12 2 9 3 6 15 1 27 2 7 1 4 5 11 5 6 4 1 2 2 4 2 - - " 1 - - “ 207 225 214 96 85 2 .4 4 2 .5 0 2 .5 4 2 .3 4 2 .4 0 3 9 3 9 3 4 8 8 6 6 13 10 10 6 6 9 11 11 5 5 20 14 12 6 4 22 15 15 6 6 18 15 12 6 3 19 17 17 12 12 14 12 12 7 7 21 15 15 3 3 17 15 15 9 9 12 25 25 7 7 7 18 18 6 6 4 8 8 - 5 4 4 - 4 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 - 2 6 6 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 - 3 4 4 1 1 1 - 1 - - - - 129 67 80 66 8 2.63 2 .5 7 2 .3 9 2 .4 4 2 .3 0 _ - 2 5 3 3 - 4 6 2 2 - 6 3 1 1 1 8 1 6 6 - 9 4 17 3 4 9 4 4 1 5 5 10 10 - 5 1 8 8 - 12 5 10 10 - 6 8 7 7 - 18 6 5 5 2 12 6 - 8 4 2 2 - 4 5 2 2 - 5 1 2 2 - 4 3 - 4 2 - 2 1 1 - 3 - 3 - - 1 - 1 - - - 711 307 67 4 82 4 68 2 .6 2 2 .4 6 2 .5 6 2 .53 2 .5 5 16 15 1 1 14 14 34 28 3 11 11 24 19 1 14 14 29 19 3 27 27 40 22 6 38 24 40 17 4 30 30 5-2 17 7 44 44 47 20 5 27 27 64 26 6 43 43 68 34 6 51 51 47 18 6 34 34 56 9 9 15 15 55 19 5 23 23 35 12 3 19 19 26 8 1 29 29 12 4 15 15 19 7 9 9 8 5 2 2 7 5 5 13 4 1 4 4 8 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 - 4 - 15 2 .3 8 - " - - 1 5 3 2 1 1 2 A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ____________________ 3 ,8 6 8 M en _________________________________________ 684 W o m e n ______________________________________ 3, 184 S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — m en K n ittin g A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting m a c h in e s (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) 2 ____________ S e a m le s s , f u l l- o r k n e e - le n g t h ________ M i s c e lla n e o u s D y e in g -m a c h in e t e h d e r s (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) __________________________ R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a ch in e (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ___________________________ S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — w o m e n K n ittin g K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m le s s h o s i e r y , f o u r - f e e d , 4 00 n e e d le s 3 a / -----------------------K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic 3 a / ------------------------------- - B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u to m a tic (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ___________________ P r e b o a r d e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) -------M i s c e ll a n e o u s S e a m e r s , t o e (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _____ E x a m in e r s (h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) ----------------I n c e n t i v e ______________________________G r e y ( g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s -----------------------I n c e n t i v e -----------------------------------------------F in is h e d e x a m in e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) __________________________ _____ _ M e n d e r s , ha n d, fin is h ^ _ b /--------------------------P a i r e r s ________________________________________ I n c e n t i v e -----------------------------------------------T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 4 -------------------S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (p anty h o s e ) (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) 2---------------------------L e g b la n k s e w e r s _________________________ E l a s t ic s e w e r s -----------------------------------------F o l d e r s and b o x e r s __________________________ I n c e n t i v e _______________________________ - 21 21 - S e le c t e d o f f i c e o c c u p a t io n s — w o m e n C l e r k s , p a y r o l l _____________________________ 1 2 3 4 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . I n c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p u b lic a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s by m eth od of w age p a y m en t; (a) p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , W o r k e r s p a id on a t im e and in c e n t iv e b a s is w e r e eq u a lly d iv id ed . o r (b) p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $1.80 $1.90 hourly earnings 2 and un d er $1.90 $2.00 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $ 3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $ 3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 2 ,9 4 6 536 2 ,4 1 0 $2.64 2.82 2 .60 171 164 141 134 3.29 3.28 3.26 3.25 40 9 Number of O c c u p a tio n and se x A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s M en W om en Average $4.20 $4.30 and 134 19 115 72 6 66 212 30 182 213 17 196 255 39 216 226 27 199 225 28 197 254 46 208 178 29 149 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 .6 3 - - - 1 2 2 5 3.07 - - - - - - 86 85 2 .40 3 .18 19 - 6 - 2 " 6 2 12 - 6 - 204 118 104 72 58 11 89 2 .77 2.95 3.03 3.05 3.22 2 .63 2.62 _ 9 8 2 2 2 3 5 1 1 2 11 11 1 1 1 1 7 7 13 5 9 1 1 2 272 226 32 2.86 2.87 2.67 3 3 1 1 3 3 - - - 15 12 3 2 84 2.66 16 12 19 7 2.72 - - over 161 19 142 142 25 117 110 18 92 141 47 94 96 15 81 111 38 73 79 15 64 87 39 48 76 31 45 57 17 40 43 13 30 18 3 15 14 1 13 12 3 9 7 7 7 7 2 2 2 2 35 34 30 29 14 14 14 14 26 25 24 23 8 8 4 4 37 37 30 30 20 15 17 12 10 10 5 5 9 9 5 5 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 1 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1' 1 9 8 3 1 6 _ _ 2 _ _ . _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ 1 - - - 4 - - 1 2 - 1 - - - - - - - 5 8 3 - 1 4 6 2 1 8 1 3 7 9 4 6 4 4 2 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 7 3 _ 3 _ 12 1 - 3 - 13 6 6 3 3 4 12 13 7 6 12 17 6 6 5 5 _ 2 22 8 8 2 2 5 12 6 6 2 2 2 5 18 7 7 4 4 _ 8 11 1 1 _ _ _ 20 4 4 2 2 _ 4 14 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 10 10 6 6 _ _ 15 9 9 7 7 _ _ 3 8 8 8 8 2 3 3 6 6 6 6 2 4 4 2 2 5 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 _ _ 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 _ _ 1 1 1 1 4 2 _ _ 2 2 _ _ 2 16 11 5 16 16 18 17 1 28 16 10 18 15 3 15 12 1 21 19 11 11 _ 19 16 1 10 7 1 7 7 _ 8 7 1 9 9 _ 6 4 _ 3 3 _ 3 3 1 1 _ _ _ 17 12 5 4 4 - 19 16 1 3 30 12 18 17 22 25 18 25 17 14 6 4 6 4 8 7 1 - - - - - - 2 5 14 1 13 11 10 1 5 _ 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — m e n K n ittin g A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , kn ittin g m a c h in e s 3 T im e S e a m le s s , f u l l- o r k n e e - le n g t h _______ .......... T im e _ _ ................ M i s c e ll a n e o u s D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s fa ll t im e w o r k e r s ! R e p a ir m e n , se w in g m a c h in e (a ll t im e w o r k e r s i _ ........... . S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — w om en B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic (a ll in c e n t iv e w ork ers! ........ P r e b o a r d e r s fa ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ! .. _ 1 M i s c e ll a n e o u s S e a m e r s , to e (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ___ E x a m in e r s ( h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s ! 3 .............. I n ce n tiv e . . . . . . ...... G re y (g re ig e ) e x a m in e rs . I n c e n t i v e ______________________________ M e n d e r s , hand, f i n i s h 4 . . . . ... , _ P a i r e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ! _. S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ( p a n t y h o s e ) (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ! 3 L e g b lank s e w e r s _______________________ E la s t ic s e w e r s _. _ . ............ , .. F o ld e r s and b o x e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e wo r ke r s ) - S e le c t e d o f f i c e o c c u p a t io n 9—-w o m e n C l e r k s , p a y r o l l _____________________________ 1 T he H ic k o r y —S t a t e s v ille a r e a c o n s is t s of B u rk e, C a ld w e ll, C ataw ba, and I r e d e ll C o u n tie s. 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . 3 In c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n in a d d ition to th ose show n s e p a r a t e ly . 4 I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p u b lic a tio n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s by m eth od o f w ag e p a y m e n t; p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . _ _ _ - - _ _ _ 1 1 _ NUMBER OF WORKER8 RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNING8 OF— Number ot workera O c c u p a t io n and s e x A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ____________________ 8 ,6 2 6 M en ___ _________ . ..... , ......... , 2 ,0 3 6 W o m e n ________ 6 ,5 9 0 Average hourly earning! $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $ 2.30 $ 2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $ 2.80 $2.90 $ 3.00 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3.20 $ 3.30 $3.4 0 $3.5 0 $3.6 0 $3.7 0 $3.8 0 $ 3.90 $4.0 0 $4.2 0 $ 4.40 $4.60 and and u n d er $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $ 2.40 $2.5 0 $2.60 $ 2.70 $ 2.80 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3.00 $ 3.10 $3.2 0 $3.30 $3.40 $3.5 0 $ 3.60 $3.7 0 $3.80 $ 3 .?0 $4.0 0 $ 4.20 $ 4.40 $4.60 o v e r $2.7 0 2 .9 7 2 .6 2 432 J36 396 426 25 401 394 60 334 373 52 321 541 95 446 801 201 600 837 186 651 593 139 454 490 70 4 20 482 117 365 4 24 95 329 391 50 341 426 148 278 317 72 245 334 88 246 270 71 199 165 41 124 172 57 115 152 70 82 112 60 52 85 24 61 48 8 40 82 38 44 237 211 26 30 552 524 3 .77 3 .7 9 - - - - - 2 2 3 3 3 3 - 15 15 9 9 5 5 18 18 15 8 24 21 45 38 29 27 41 39 40 39 45 43 15 15 3 2 35 35 204 202 _ 1 _ 8 2 .6 8 - - - 1 - - 2 2 - _ _ _ _ 3 31 3 .0 4 - - - - - - - 3 - 3 - 1 6 1 16 1 103 85 2 .6 7 2 .6 5 1 _ _ . 8 8 4 4 13 10 12 10 9 6 14 11 36 34 '2 2 46 3 .3 5 - - - - - - - 1 - 3 2 3 6 2 00 2 .4 4 - 3 4 2 12 24 130 19 - - - - 6 86 2 .3 7 2 2 11 1 3 19 12 33 - - - 3 280 303 2 .8 8 2 .8 8 9 23 8 14 5 4 10 5 11 12 8 11 11 19 20 13 20 14 26 14 14 11 27 22 725 339 19 320 143 18 125 50 10 40 26 10 16 307 295 2 .6 4 2 .7 1 1 .98 2 .7 5 2 .2 8 1 .9 8 2 .3 3 3 .0 8 2 .3 8 3^5 2 .4 8 2 .3 5 2 .5 7 . Z . 82 2 .8 4 38 38 10 28 33 10 23 - 24 17 45 24 5 36 9 54 19 52 14 36 14 53 16 19 20 4 16 1 9 4 20 10 14 8 14 5 4 - 5 1 1 4 1 3 3 _ - l 2 10 4 2 2 4 4 8 1 1 _ - 14 7 5 2 - 65 24 2 22 11 2 9 2 1 44 20 17 11 53 24 2 22 11 2 9 1 3 9 9 4 18 18 13 13 7 7 2 16 16 13 13 2 16 16 11 12 3 9 S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — m en K n ittin g A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) 4___________ S e a m le s s , f u l l - o r k n e e - le n g t h _______ C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m in s p e c t o r s ( a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) _________________________ K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , f o u r - f e e d ( a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ___ _________ M i s c e ll a n e o u s D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a c h in e (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ______ _______________ ___ 2 2 2 1 5 1 3 14 3 - 2 - - - - 17 23 14 18 20 21 16 24 8 15 13 9 9 5 6 4 4 6 2 2 1 10 1 3 _ . 44 12 44 13 37 13 35 18 21 14 ' 14 5 10 9 5 4 5 3 5 6 2 2 9 ! _ _ 3 4 4 16 4 12 2 13 1 13 4 18 1 14 1 10 3 5 5 5 2 9 3 4 4 - 4 3 2 3 1 1 4 3 1 2 1 2 . 2 3 1 4 1 _ 1 _ 2 _ 3 2 _ _ _ 1 3 - 3 2 1 2 3 - 2 2 2 2 3 1 4 1 1 2 2 _ 1 - 17 17 17 17 2 21 21 2 20 20 22 22 2 12 12 24 24 5 5 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 l 1 l 1 S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s w om en K n ittin g C o l l e c t i o n - s y s t e m in s p e c t o r s ( a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ______ _____ _______ C o lle c tio n -s y s te m o p e r a to r s ( a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) _________________________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t ic ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ______________ P r e b o a r d e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ------ - M i s c e ll a n e o u s S e a m e r s , t o e (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ___ E x a m in e r s ( h o s i e r y i n s p e c t o r s ) 4 „ In c e n tiv e _ _______—------------ —------ -----G r e y (g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s --------------------I n c e n t i v e ------ --------- -------------------M e n d e r s , h a n d, f i n i s h ____ . . . ___ __ _ In c e n tiv e _____ ___ ____ . _ M e n d e r s , h a n d , g r e y ____ ____________ ____ In ce n tiv e P a ire r s _ . I n c e n t iv e . S ee fo o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b le s . 11 2 19 14 4 2 2 23 11 17 17 1 1 3 3 _ NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n and s e x Number of Average $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 hourly earning* 4 and and under $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 o v e r S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s ---w o m e n — C on tin u ed M i s c e ll a n e o u s ---- C o n tin u e d T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e n p p r a ln r s 5 S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (p a n ty h o s e ) (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) 4 ............. . . .... T.eg b la n k s e w e r s . ...................... E la s t ic s e w e r s __________________________ F o ld e r s and b o x e r s ________________________ In c e n tiv e . 12 $2.39 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1, 116 622 95 680 662 2.82 2 .7 9 2 .7 9 2.63 2 .65 28 25 1 58 40 47 36 6 25 25 37 31 3 36 36 40 23 2 31 31 50 20 6 35 35 40 23 1 36 36 64 33 7 52 52 62 38 4 54 54 88 44 10 62 62 98 51 7 50 50 87 29 12 51 51 79 51 6 43 43 19 8 2 .5 9 2 .5 4 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 “ 3 1 4 " 1 66 35 3 36 36 O ffi c e o c c u p a t io n s — w o m e n (^1 ArV c p a y r o ll T y p is t s , c l a s s A ------------------------------------------ 1 2 3 4 5 2 T he W in s t o n -S a le m —H igh P o in t a r e a c o n s is t s o f A la m a n c e , D a v id so n , F o r s y t h , G u ilfo r d , R a n d olp h , and S u r r y C o u n tie s . E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . In c lu d e s 1 w o r k e r at $ 1 .5 0 to $ 1 .6 0 . I n c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n in a d d ition to th ose show n s e p a r a t e ly . I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p u b lic a t io n of s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s by m e th o d of w ag e p a y m en t; p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . 64 33 7 18 18 1 62 30 6 27 27 46 28 3 14 14 39 24 3 18 18 39 23 10 10 23 11 3 8 8 11 3 3 4 4 23 13 2 3 3 9 4 6 6 5 5 2 2 1 1 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 _ _ (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y m eth od o f w age p a y m en t, U nited S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r 1973) R e g io n s United States 2 M eth od o f w a g e pa ym en t 1 S tates S o u th ea st M id d le A tla n tic N orth C a r o lin a A reas T en n essee H ick o r y S tates v il le , N .C . W in sto n S a le m H igh P o in t , N .C . 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 T i m e - r a t e d w o r k e r s ------- ---------------- ------------------F o r m a l p la n s ______________ ______ __________ . S in gle r a t e ___________________ ______________ R a n g e o f r a t e s _______________________________ In d iv id u a l r a t e s ______________ _______________ . - 38 16 1 15 2? 36 4 4 31 38 15 1 14 23 38 15 1 14 23 38 18 18 19 39 39 42 23 23 19 I n ce n tiv e w o r k e r s __ _________ _________ ________ In d iv id u a l p i e c e w o r k ___________________________ G rou p p i e c e w o r k ________ __ _______________ In d iv id u a l b o n u s ______________________________ G ro u p b o n u s ____________________ ____________ _ 62 61 1 ( 3) ( 3) 64 61 2 2 62 61 1 ( 3) ( 3) 62 61 1 ( 3) ( 3) 62 62 - 61 61 1 58 58 ( 3) - A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ___ ___ _____________ - 1 F o r d e fin it io n o f m eth od o f w age pa y m en t, s e e a p p en d ix A . 2 In clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u a l t o t a ls . Table 13. Women's hosiery mills: Scheduled weekly hours (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s b y sc h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s , 1 U nited S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1973) Sta tes R e g io n s United S tates 2 W e e k ly h o u r s 1 M id d le A tla n tic S o u th ea st No rth C a ro lin a A reas T enn essee H ic k o r y — S t a t e s v ille , N .C . W in sto n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . 1 P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s _______________ ___ ____ _____ _____ U n der 3 7 V2 h o u r s ________ ___ ________________ 3 7 V2 h o u r s _ _ ___ ____________________________ _ . 40 h o u r s ____________________________________________ 48 h o u r s ________ ______ ________________________ 100 100 5 2 92 1 . 3 97 “ 100 100 7 2 91 ■ 4 3 93 _ 100 100 100 32 1 5 74 " . 100 " _ 100 ■ 100 O ffic e w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r s __ ... _ _ ... ... ______ U n der 3 7 V2 h o u r s ________________________________ 3 7 V2 h o u r s _______________________________________ 38 V4 h o u r s ___ ___________________________________ . 40 h o u r s ___ _______ _________________________________ 45 h o u r s __________ __________ __ ___ ___ ____ 100 1 3 5 90 1 10 0 . 4 96 1 Data r e la t e to p r e d o m in a n t w o rk s c h e d u le o f fu l l- t im e d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s 2 I n clu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 A l l w e r e on 3 0 -h o u r s c h e d u le s . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u a l 100. 100 100 100 100 2 4 6 87 2 1 5 7 85 3 _ 7 93 _ _ 5 95 9 3 88 in e a ch e s t a b lis h m e n t . (P e r c e n t o f p rod u ction w o r k e rs by shift d iffe re n tia l p r o v is io n s , 1 United S tates, s e le c te d r e g io n s , States, and a r e a s , S eptem b er 1973) R e gio n s Shift d ifferen tia l United States 2 M iddle A tla n tic States Southeast North C arolin a A rea s T ennes see H ic k o r y States v ille , N .C. W instonS a le m High P oin t, N .C . 83.8 27.4 95.4 30.7 Second shift W o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts having s e co n d - shift p r o v is io n s W ith shift d ifferen tia l U n iform c e n ts -p e r -h o u r 5 cents 10 cents _ U n iform p e rcen ta g e _ _ 3 p e rce n t 4 p e rce n t __ 5 p e rce n t 6 p e rce n t O ther With no shift d ifferen tia l 92.1 22.1 9.4 5.0 4.4 12.0 .7 1.4 2.0 8.0 .7 70.0 89.2 60.8 3.2 .3 2.9 57.6 16.8 32.9 7.8 - 2 8.4 91.5 20.3 8.4 5.7 2.7 11.0 - 91.8 21.4 3.6 1.0 2.7 16.5 _ _ 1.9 9.1 .8 71.2 _ 2 .9 13.6 1.3 70.4 79.2 26.2 11.4 .7 4.3 3.6 1.8 1.0 13.9 79.3 25.8 3.6 86.5 6.2 6.2 6.2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80.3 _ _ 19.1 _ _ 19.1 _ _ 30.7 _ _ 30.7 8.3 56.4 64.6 75.6 56.6 84.8 30.7 T hird o r other shift W o rk e rs in esta b lish m en ts with p r o v is io n s fo r third o r other la te -s h ift p ro v is io n s W ith shift d iffe re n tia l _ U n iform c e n t s -p e r -h o u r ........... 5 c e n ts ________ 10 cents 15 cents _ 20 cents 25 cents U n iform p ercen ta g e 5 p e rce n t 7 p e rce n t 10 p e r c e n t ____ _ 14 V2 p e rce n t O ther _ With no shift d ifferen tia l 81.0 28.6 12.5 .6 4.6 4.7 1.6 1.0 15.1 1.2 1.4 4.6 8.0 1.0 52.4 84.0 79.4 12.3 - 9.4 - 2 .9 62.3 29.4 32.9 - 4.8 4.6 _ 1.0 _ _ _ _ 2.7 _ _ 20.9 - - - _ 4.9 9.1 .8 53.0 76.4 21.1 21.1 5.2 16.0 7.3 13.6 1.3 53.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48.2 _ 48.2 _ _ 55.3 1 R e fe rs to p o lic ie s o f esta b lish m en ts eith er cu rre n tly op era tin g late shifts o r having p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g late sh ifts. Includes data fo r reg ion s in addition to those shown s e p a ra te ly . 30.7 _ 30.7 8.3 19.0 54.1 (P e r c e n t o f p ro d u c tio n w o r k e rs on late shifts by am ount o f shift d iffe re n tia l, United S tates, s e le c te d r e g io n s , S ta tes, and a r e a s , S ep tem b er 1973) R e g io n s Shift d iffe re n tia l United States 1 M iddle A tla n tic State s Southeast N orth C a ro lin a A re a s T e n n e ss e e H ick o ry * -. S ta te sv ille , N .C . W instonS a le m High P oint, N .C ; Second shift W o rk e rs e m p lo y e d on s econ d shift __________________ R e c e iv in g shift d iffe r e n t ia ls ________________________ U n iform c e n t s - p e r - h o u r -------------------------------------5 c e n t s _______________________________________ 10 cen ts _______________________________________ U n iform p e r c e n ta g e _____________________ ______ 3 p e r c e n t ______________________________________ 4 p e r c e n t ______________________________________ 5 p e r c e n t _____________________________________ 6 p e r c e n t ______________________________________ O t h e r _____________________________________________ R e c e iv in g no shift d iffe re n tia l __ 14.7 3.7 1.3 .9 .3 2.3 .1 (1 2) .1 2.1 .1 11.0 11.8 4.4 .5 .5 3.9 2.2 .7 1.0 7.4 14.9 3.9 1.2 1.1 .2 2.5 .1 2.4 .1 11.1 14.0 4.2 .3 .1 .3 3.7 .1 3.6 .2 9.8 17.9 .6 .6 .6 _ _ _ 17.3 7.2 2.1 _ 1.0 1.0 1.2 5.1 15.1 8.1 _ 8.1 8.1 _ 6.9 5.0 1.6 .6 .2 .2 .1 .1 1.0 (2 ) (2) .2 .7 3.8 3.1 1.3 .6 4.9 1.5 .4 .1 .1 .1 .1 1.0 .2 .8 .1 3.4 5.4 1.7 .2 ( 2) 3.2 .8 .8 .8 3.8 2.7 - 6.0 2.6 - - _ _ - 2.1 2.1 - - _ _ 2.6 2.6 2.5 ,7 1.1 3.4 T h ird o r oth er late shift W o rk e rs e m p lo y e d on third o r oth er late s h ift----------R e c e iv in g shift d iffe r e n t ia ls ________________________ U n iform c e n t s - p e r - h o u r _________________________ 10 ce n ts ______________________________________ 15 ce n ts _____________________________________ 20 cen ts 25 ce n ts U n iform p e rce n ta g e ....... 5 p e r c e n t ______________________________________ 7 p ercen t _ _ _ 10 p e r c e n t ___________________________________ 1472 p e r c e n t __________________________________ O ther ..... R e c e iv in g n o shift d iffe re n tia l _ 3.4 1 In clu d es data fo r r e g io n s in addition to th ose shown se p a ra te ly . 2 L e s s than 0.05 p e rce n t. - .7 1.5 .8 .7 .2 .7 .1 _ 1.5 .3 1.1 .1 3.7 - (P e r c e n t o f p rod u ction and o ffic e w o r k e rs in m ills with fo r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r p aid h o lid a y s , United S ta tes, s e le c te d r e g io n s , S ta tes, and a re a s, S eptem b er 1973) States R e gio n s N um ber o f paid holid a ys U nited S tates 1 M iddle A tla n tic Southeast N orth C a ro lin a A re a s T e n n e ss e e H ic k o r y State s v ille , N .C . W inston SalemrH igh P oin t, N .C . P ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r s -------------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts provid ing paid h o lid a y s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __ ___________ 1 day__________________________________________________ 2 d a y s ________________________________________ ____ ___ 3 d a y s ____________________________ 1.... .......................... . 4 d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------5 d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------6 d a y 8 ________________________________________________ 7 d a y s ________________________________________________ 9 d a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 9 da ys__________________________________________ W o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts p rovid in g no p aid h o lid a y s ________________________________ _______ 100 100 100 100 (!) ( 2) _ _ 31 _ 39 9 7 60 2 7 12 6 15 18 (1 2) - 55 2 8 18 4 3 19 1 - 49 6 15 29 - 64 16 48 _ - 65 10 13 4 6 31 . - - - - - 37 13 40 45 51 36 35 100 100 95 74 4 25 12 18 13 2 100 100 63 1 6 11 6 15 22 2 87 - 100 O ffic e w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r s ________________________________________ W o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts p rovid ing p a id h o lid a y s __________________________________________ L e s s than 3 days _ __ __ 3 d a y s _____ ________ _______________________________ 4 d a y s _________________ ____________________________ 5 d a y s ________________________________________ _____ 6 da ys ... . 7 d a y s ___ ___________________________________________ 9 d a ys o r 9 days plus 1 h a lf day ___________ _ — W o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts p rovid in g no p aid h o lid a y s _____ __________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 80 3 13 10 26 18 9 1 94 74 5 26 13 14 16 1 87 20 4 63 8 78 4 17 11 30 16 1 20 6 1 In clu des data fo r reg ion s in a d d ition to th ose shown s e p a ra te ly . 2 L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 31 4 16 71 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ 22 26 13 5 _ 26 ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m i l l s w ith fo r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r paid v a c a t io n s a ft e r s e le c t e d p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , U n ited S ta tes , s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , Sta tes and a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1973) R eg ions V a c a t io n p o l i c y U nited S ta tes 1 M id d le A tla n tic A reas S tates South east N orth C a ro lin a T en n essee H ick o r y S tates v ille , N .C . R e g io n s W in sto n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . U n ited S ta tes 1 M id d le A tla n tic S outh ea st N orth C a r o lin a T en n essee W in ston H ick o r y S a le m Sta tes v ille , High P o in t, N .C . N .C . O ffic e w o r k e r s P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r s A reas S tates 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 73 21 1 99 96 3 - 94 71 22 1 96 75 19 1 95 47 47 - 100 86 5 9 98 92 6 - 9 5 1 6 4 5 16 67 8 - 4 76 10 - 3 42 48 1 27 70 - 3 40 50 1 4 30 60 1 69 26 - 13 78 9 20 78 - 83 - 64 19 8 - 4 45 10 31 - 3 34 57 1 16 83 - 3 34 56 1 4 29 61 1 42 53 - 13 78 9 18 80 - 6 52 7 18 - 83 - 64 19 8 - 4 45 10 31 - 2 29 (3 ) 63 1 11 87 - 3 29 1 61 1 4 22 69 1 42 53 - 13 78 9 18 80 - 4 19 3 59 - 6 23 5 49 - 19 64 - 24 67 - 4 9 10 67 - 2 15 71 7 11 87 - 3 13 70 9 4 12 72 8 30 47 18 8 83 9 12 70 17 19 2 31 7 39 - 4 17 3 36 1 23 - 6 23 5 25 1 23 - - - 2 13 (3 ) 55 1 23 1 4 12 66 13 1 18 58 18 - - 9 2 25 63 - 3 11 60 1 17 1 - 24 40 8 19 - 4 9 10 30 37 - - 6 77 - 8 78 5 9 12 65 21 - 19 2 31 4 17 3 29 1 31 6 23 5 22 18 8 12 - - - - - 60 40 58 26 63 - - - 48 1 24 7 50 - 2 12 1 43 (3 ) 30 5 4 12 - 4 9 10 28 3 11 - - - - - 24 5 - 18 57 9 14 9 100 100 100 100 100 100 87 16 71 - 98 20 78 - 85 13 72 - 84 5 78 - 83 83 - 92 19 73 - 13 2 15 16 17 8 6 77 3 1 - 94 2 - 6 75 3 1 - 9 69 5 1 - 83 - 5 67 4 11 - 96 2 - 4 66 5 10 - 6 55 7 15 - 4 59 6 18 - 41 7 51 - 4 61 6 14 - 4 20 3 60 - 21 77 - -4 19 3 36 2 24 4 18 4 28 (3 ) 33 100 M eth od o f p a y m e n t W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id v a c a t io n s .... .......... L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t ____________ P e rce n ta g e paym ent F la t - sum p a y m e n t W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id i n g no p a id v a c a t io n s 91 6 85 - 2 A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 2 A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e : U n d er 1 w e e k . __ 1 w eek O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s 2 w e e k s ■ ...... ... _ ...... . _ .... 4 w eeks . A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : U n d er 1 w e e k 1 w eek O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s 2 w eeks ................................. .. ._ 4 w eeks A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : U n d er 1 w e e k ... 1 w eek O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s __________ 2 w e e k s ________________________ ______ 4 w e e k s .... . A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : U n d er 1 w e e k . . ......... 1 w e e k .. ___ ... _ ___ ___ _ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s __________ 2 w e e k s ______________________ ________ O v e r 2 w e e k s ___________________ ___ A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : U n d er 1 w e e k _________________________ 1 w e e k ______________________________ _ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s __________ 2 w eeks ... __ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s __________ 3 w eeks ________________________ O v e r 4 and u n d er 5 w e e k s ___________ A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : U n d er 1 w e e k 1 w eek O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s _____ 2 w eeks O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s . . 3 w eeks ._ ....... .... . O ver 3 w eeks _ S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b le . - 46 28 - 6 17 - 24 27 39 9 2 25 - 63 - (p e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith fo r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p a id v a c a tio n s a ft e r s e l e c t e d p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , U n ited S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , Sta tes and a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1973) R e g io n s V a c a t io n p o l i c y U n ited S tates 1 M id d le A tla n tic S tates South ea st N orth C a r o lin a A reas T en n essee H ic k o r y — S t a te s v ille , N .C . R e g io n s W in sto n S a le m High P o in t , N .C . U nited Sta tes 1 M id d le A tla n tic P r o d u c t io n w o r k e i•s States South ea st N orth C a r o lin a A reas T en n es s e e Hickory^S ta te s v ille , N .C . W in ston S a le m High P o in t, N .C . O ffi c e w o r k e r s A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 2— C on tin u ed A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 4 U n d er 1 w e e k 1 w eek O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s .. 2 w eeks O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s .. 3 w e e k s _______________________________ 4 w eeks 5 w eeks. 4 18 4 28 (3 ) 18 15 19 33 46 - 4 17 3 29 1 16 15 6 23 5 22 11 17 - 6 - 60 - 17 - - 24 40 4 9 10 28 - - 27 - 8 31 2 12 1 42 (3 ) 26 10 1 - 9 - 27 - 63 - 3 11 _ 46 1 21 11 1 4 12 _ 47 _ 23 9 1 _ 18 _ 58 _ _ 18 _ 8 _ 26 _ 57 _ _ 12 _ 63 1 10 14 9 1 I n clu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 2 V a c a t io n p a y m e n t s , su c h a s p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s and fla t - s u m a m o u n ts, w e r e c o n v e r t e d to an e q u iv a le n t tim e b a s i s . P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b it r a r i ly c h o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r i ly r e f l e c t in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t p r o v is i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n . F o r e x a m p le , c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a te d at 10 y e a r s m a y in clu d e ch a n g e s in p r o v is i o n s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . 3 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . 4 V a c a t io n p r o v i s i o n s w e r e v ir t u a lly the sa m e a ft e r lo n g e r p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u a l t o t a ls . ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m i l l s w ith s p e c i fie d h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , and r e t ir e m e n t p la n s , U n ited S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r 1973) U n ited S ta tes 1 2 M id d le A tla n tic ^ Southea st N orth C a ro lin a T en n essee H ick o r y S tate s v i l l e , N .C . W in s to n S a le m H ig h P o in t , N .C . U n ited S ta tes 2 M id d le A tla n tic S o u th e a st W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L ife in s u r a n c e ________________________ N o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p l a n s ___________ A c c id e n t a l d ea th and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e ________ N o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p l a n s ___________ S ic k n e s s and a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b oth 3_____________ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e _________________________ N o n c o n t r ib u to r y p l a n s ________ S ic k le a v e (f u ll p a y , no w a itin g p e r i o d ) __________________ S ic k le a v e (p a r t ia l p a y o r w a itin g p e r i o d ) __________________ H o s p it a liz a t io n in s u r a n c e ___________ N o n c o n t r ib u to r y p l a n s ___________ S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e ___________________ N o n c o n t r ib u to r y p l a n s ___________ M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e ___________________ N o n c o n t r ib u to r y p l a n s ----------------M a jo r m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e ----------------N o n c o n t r ib u to r v p l a n s ----------------R e t ir e m e n t p la n s 4-----------------------------P e n s i o n s ____________________________ N o n c o n t r ib u to r y p l a n s -----------S e v e r a n c e p a y ------------------------------N o p la n s _______________________________ N orth C a r o lin a 100 100 94 56 99 58 100 30 95 57 59 27 54 12 96 30 38 8 52 54 65 75 46 29 21 25 20 65 37 23 9 19 12 35 42 11 61 39 6 96 47 96 46 78 35 88 40 41 40 33 1 4 6 95 45 95 45 70 30 87 38 39 38 35 1 5 - - - 100 45 100 45 93 38 88 42 57 57 29 - 100 30 100 30 91 30 100 30 66 66 66 - 96 52 96 52 84 39 91 48 27 24 15 2 4 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 93 60 42 40 95 59 94 55 97 72 100 28 97 69 91 58 65 61 94 55 49 21 9 7 50 20 50 19 36 11 92 28 23 3 52 23 4 - 59 24 50 19 49 44 77 64 48 49 19 48 36 19 7 47 37 42 28 77 72 64 - 48 41 29 19 6 - - 31 13 _ 5 95 53 95 50 76 39 84 43 45 44 38 ( 5) 5 . - 1 - 2 96 54 96 53 76 43 83 45 43 42 41 1 4 . 2 96 51 96 51 77 42 86 44 42 41 40 1 4 3 95 45 95 45 70 35 88 40 42 41 41 1 5 85 73 78 50 56 45 40 38 54 54 49 15 W in ston S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . 100 ‘ 100 1 T en n essee H ick o r y S ta tes v i l l e , N .C . O ffic e w o r k e r s P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s ____________________ _____ A reas S ta tes R e g io n s A reas S ta tes R e g io n s T y p e o f pla n 1 _ _ 99 61 99 61 89 51 71 49 43 43 39 100 28 100 28 73 28 92 28 57 57 57 - - 1 98 61 98 61 87 50 91 57 56 53 53 3 2 87 80 83 64 68 62 66 62 65 65 63 - 13 1 I n clu d e s p la n s f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e r p a y s at le a s t p a rt o f the c o s t and e x c lu d e s le g a ll y r e q u ir e d p la n s su c h a s w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n and s o c i a l s e c u r i t y ; h o w e v e r , pla n s r e q u ir e d b y State t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i li t y la w s a r e in c lu d e d if the e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u te s m o r e than is le g a lly r e q u ir e d o r the e m p lo y e e r e c e i v e s b e n e fit s in e x c e s s o f th e r e q u ir e m e n t s . " N o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p la n s " in clu d e o n ly t h o s e p la n s fin a n c e d e n t ir e ly b y the e m p l o y e r . 2 I n clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 U n d u p lic a te d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s i c k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . 4 U n d u p lic a te d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s in p la n ts h a v in g p r o v is io n s f o r p e n s io n and s e v e r a n c e p a y pla n s sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . 5 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . (P e r c e n t o f p rod u ction and o ffic e w o r k e rs in m ills with p ro v is io n s fo r fu n era l le a ve pay, ju r y duty p ay, and te c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e ra n c e pay, U nited S tates, s e le c te d re g io n s , States, and a r e a s , S eptem b er 1973) R egion s Item United States 1 M iddle A tlantic States Southeast No rth C a ro lin a A re a s T e n n e sse e H ic k o r y State svi lie , N.C. W instonSalerrrHigh Point, N .C. P ro d u ctio n w o r k e rs W o rk e rs in esta b lish m en ts with p ro v is io n s f o r : F u n era l lea ve p a y ___________________________________ J u ry duty p a y ________________________________________ T e c h n o lo g ic a l s ev era n ce pay 2 _____________________ 16 40 2 40 - ■ 15 41 2 12 38 4 36 39 " 37 29 " 8 45 6 38 37 70 84 17 34 9 O ffice w o r k e rs W o rk e rs in esta b lish m en ts with p r o v is io n s f o r : F u n era l lea ve p a y ___________________________________ Jury duty p a y ________________________________________ T e c h n o lo g ic a l s ev era n ce pay 2 ______________________ 31 41 10 66 - 61 27 46 3 27 47 4 In clu des data fo r reg ion s in addition to th o se shown se p a ra te ly . Pay to em p lo y e e s perm anently sepa ra ted fro m em p loy m en t as a re s u lt o f t e c h n o lo g ic a l change o r plant c lo s in g . Part II. Men's Hosiery Average hourly earnings The 15,617 production and related workers in m en’s hosiery manufacturing averaged $2.48 an hour in September 1973— 19 percent more than the $2.09 l e v e l recorded in September 1970. 12 (See table 20). This hosiery branch was the only one in which the rise in workers’ average hourly earnings equaled the in crease for all nondurable manufacturing, as reported by the Bureau’s index of average h o u r l y earnings. Earnings levels rose 20 percent in both the Middle Atlantic States (to $2.73) and the South east (to $2.46). In September 1973, men averaged $2.82 compared with $2.37 for women. This 19-percent gap in m en’s and wom en’s a v e r a g e earnings was slightly higher than the 15-percent differential between the sexes in 1970; regionally, the gap narrowed in the Middle Atlantic, but increased in the Southeast. Average hourly earnings were only slightly higher in metropolitan areas than in smaller communities ($2.51 compared with $2.47) and in mills with 250 work ers or more ($2.52) than in mills with 100 to 249 workers ($2.45) and in those with less than 100 ($2.42). In the South east, where 85 percent of the workers were employed, these differences were even less----1 cent an hour between the two community size groups, and 7 cents an hour between the largest and smallest m ill-size category. Virtually all workers earned between $1.60 and $4 an hour; the middle half fell between $2.06 and $2.82 (table 21). The proportions of workers at the lower end of the scale varied significantly by region; more than 20 percent of the workers in the Southeast earned less than $2 an hour, in contrast to 2 percent in the Middle Atlantic States. Occupational earnings Three-fifths of the production work ers in the m en ’s hosiery branch were in occupations selected to represent pay levels and manufacturing operations. 12 Op. cit. , Bulletin 1743, part II. Average hourly earnings for these jobs ranged from $3.40 for s e w i n g machine repairers to $2.09 for hand menders of grey or undyed h o s i e r y (table 22). Other numerically important jobs and their averages included auto matic knitters, $2.50; pairers, $2.43; toe seamers, $2.42; and automatic board ers, $2.38. Occupational averages were always higher in the Middle Atlantic r e gion than in the Southeast. Four occupations permitted nation wide comparisons between m en’s and women's wages. In three of these, the relatively few men averaged more than the women— 14 cents (automatic knitters), 24 cents (automatic boarders), and 45 cents an hour (preboarders). In th e fourth—string knitters—w o m e n averaged 17 cents an hour more than men. This pattern within selected localities was even more mixed when c o m p a r i s o n s were made (tables 26—29). Occupational averages also were tab ulated by size of community, size of e s tablishment, and method of wage payment (tables 23—25). No consistent pattern was observed by community or establishment size; workers in nonmetropolitan areas averaged more than those in larger com munities about as often as the reverse was t r u e ; and in the S o u t h e a s t , w o r k e r s in mills of 20 to 99 employees frequently earned as much as or more than their counterparts in mills of 250 workers or more. Incentive paid workers, however, nearly always earned m o r e than time-rated workers in the same job, typically by 10 to 20 percent. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Data were also obtained for produc tion workers on shift differential pro visions and practices and for both pro duction and office employees on work schedules and selected supplementary benefits, including paid holidays, paid vacations, and health, insurance, and retirement plans. Scheduled weekly hours. Work schedules of 40 hours per week were pre dominant in m i l l s employing slightly more than nine-tenths of both the produc tion and office workers (table 31). In the Middle Atlantic States, however, one-fifth of the production and one-eighth of the office workers were scheduled to work 3 7 V2 hours. Schedules of 48 hours were in effect only in a few Southeastern mills. S h i f t differential provisions and practices. Although nearly all mills had provisions for late shifts (table 32), only 16 percent of the production workers were actually employed on second shifts, and 6 percent on third or other late shifts, in September 1973 (table 33). Most workers on both shifts in the Middle Atlantic region received pay differen tials— usually 5 percent higher than the day-shift rate for second shifts and most commonly 10 percent for other l a t e shifts. Shift differentials were not typi cally provided in the Southeast. Paid holidays. Slightly more than one-half of the production workers and four-fifths of the office workers were in mills granting paid holidays (table 34). In the Middle Atlantic region, all workers studied in both employee groups received paid holidays, typically 7 or 8 days for production workers and 8 or 9 days for office workers. In the Southeast, 4 or 5 days were typically granted to produc tion workers covered by holiday provi sions, and 3 to 5 days to office workers. Paid vacations. Paid v a c a t i o n s , after qualifying periods of s e r v i c e , applied to slightly over four-fifths of the production workers and nearly all of the office workers (table 35). Typical pro visions for both production and office workers were at least 1 week's p a y after 1 year of service and 2 weeks ' pay or more after 5 years. Half the office workers, however, were in mills providing 2 weeks after 3 years. P ro visions for 3 weeks of vacation after 10 years of service were most frequently found in the Middle Atlantic r e g i o n , where they applied to one-fourth of the production workers and seven-tenths of the office workers. Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Life, hospitalization, and surgi cal insurance, paid at least in part by the employer, were provided in mills employing about nine-tenths of the pro duction and office workers (table 36). Basic and major medical i n s u r a n c e applied to about two-thirds of the pro duction workers; accidental death and dismemberment, to about three-fifths; and protection against loss of income due to illness or accident, to a b o u t one-half. Provisions for these benefits were slightly more liberal for office workers than for production workers, and generally were more liberal in the Middle Atlantic region than in the Southeast. Retirement pension plans, in addi tion to Federal social security, w e r e provided in mills employing s l i g h t l y more than one-third of the production workers and just over two-fifths of the office workers. The incidence of these plans was slightly higher in the Middle A t l a n t i c t h a n in the S o u t h e a s t . Lump-sum payment plans upon retire ment were virtually nonexistent. Pen sion plans usually were paid entirely by the employer in contrast to most of the life, health, and insurance plans, which were financed jointly by the employee and employer. O t h e r selected b e n e f i t s . About one-fifth of the production workers were in mills providing paid leave to workers attending funerals of family members, and a slightly higher proportion were in mills providing paid jury d u t y leave (table 37). None of the men's hosiery mills studied had provisions for sever ance pay for production workers per manently separated from their jobs b e cause of technological changes or plant closings (technological severance pay). Provisions for all three of these bene fits applied to larger proportions o f offipe workers than of production work ers? Almost three-tenths were covered by paid leave provisions for funerals and jury duty, and a few mills had technolog ical severance pay provisions for office workers. (N u m ber and a v e ra g e str a ig h t-tim e h ou rly earnings 1 o f p rod u ction w o r k e r s by s e le c te d c h a r a c t e r is t ic s , U nited States and s e le c te d re g io n s , Septem ber 1973) United States 2 Item N um ber of w o r k e rs M iddle A tlantic A v e ra g e h ou rly ea rn in g s N um ber of w o r k e rs A v e ra g e hou rly ea rn in g s Southeast N um ber of w o r k e rs A vera g e hou rly earnings A ll p rod u ction w o r k e r s -------------------------------------------------M e n ___________________________________________________ W o m e n ________________________________________________ 15,617 3 ,9 8 5 11,632 $ 2 .4 8 2.82 2.37 1,212 422 790 $2.73 2.96 2.61 1 3,293 3, 347 9 ,9 4 6 $2.46 2.78 2.35 S ize o f com m u n ity : M etrop olita n a re a 3 ________________________________ N on m etrop olita n a r e a _____________________________ 5 ,2 2 3 10,3 94 2.51 2.47 959 - 2.70 - 3, 581 9, 712 2.46 2.45 S ize o f e s ta b lis h m e n t: 2 0 -9 9 w o r k e r s _______________________________________ 1 00 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s _____________________________________ 250 w o r k e r s o r m o r e _______________________________ 3, 284 4 ,3 7 4 7 ,9 5 9 2.42 2.45 2.52 1,052 3, 022 3 ,6 9 9 6, 572 2.41 2.45 2.48 _ _ - - 2.77 1 E x clu d e s p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w e ek en d s, h o lid a y s , and late sh ifts. 2 In clu d es data fo r reg ion s in addition to th o s e shown s e p a ra te ly . 3 Standard M etrop olita n S ta tistica l A re a as d efin ed by the U.S. O ffice o f M anagem ent and B udget throu gh N o v e m b e r 1972. N O TE : D a sh es in d ica te no data re p o rte d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lica tion c r it e r ia . ( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 U n ite d S ta te s and s e le c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1973) U n ite d S ta te s 2 H o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 A ll w ork ers M en U n d er $ 1-60 $ 1.65 $ 1.70 $ l r60 and u n d e r $ 1.65 and u n d e r $ 1.70 and u n d e r $ 1.75 (3 ) 2 .2 .3 1.1 0.1 .8 $ $ $ $ $ 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.95 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 1.80 1.85 1.90 l f 95 2 .0 0 $ $ $ $ $ 2 .0 0 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 S 2 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ S 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 and and and and and $ $ $ $ $ 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 3 .9 0 and and and and and .5 - (3 ) 2 .6 .4 1.1 .8 7 .7 2 .7 2 .6 2 .3 .4 3.5 1.5 1.0 .9 .9 9.1 3.1 3.2 2 .8 0 .3 .2 1.2 .1 .2 .8 8.9 2 .6 2 .6 2 .5 2 ,1 0 2 .2 0 2 . 3 0 ______ 2 .4 0 2 . 5 0 _____ 9.5 8 .5 7 .4 6 .5 6.2 6 .6 5 .8 5 .4 4 .2 5,7 10.5 9.5 8.1 7 .3 6 .4 1 0.4 1 0.4 5 .4 6 .7 7 .3 9.4 8.1 7 .3 6.7 6 .4 $ $ $ $ $ 2 . 6 0 ______ 2 .7 0 _ _ 2 . 8 0 ______ 2 .9 0 3.00 6 .7 4 .4 5 .3 4 .2 3.1 6 .8 4.1 6 .0 4 .4 3.0 7 .3 5.2 4 .5 5 .9 5 .9 6 .8 4 .3 5.5 4.1 2 .8 un der un der un der under un der $ $ $ $ $ 3.10 3 . 2 0 _____ 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.1 2 .5 2 .5 1.9 1.6 4 .9 3 .9 4 .9 3.6 3.6 '2 . 5 2 .0 1.7 1.3 1.0 3 .4 5 .4 3.5 2 .9 2 .7 3.0 2.2 2 .4 1.8 1.4 under under un der under un der $ 3.60 $ 3.70 S 3.80 $ 3.90 $ 4 . 0 0 ______ 1.4 1.2 1.1 .5 .5 3.3 3.5 3.1 1.1 1.1 .7 .5 .4 .3 .3 1.0 1.1 1.1 .5 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 .5 .4 2 .2 6 .5 .7 6 .4 1.7 T ota l N um ber o f w o rk e rs A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 3 S o u th e a st (3 ) 2 .6 .4 1.3 $ 4 .0 0 and o v e r 1 M id d le A tla n t ic W om en B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , 6.7 4 .5 5.1 . 4 .2 3.1 100 .0 100 .0 1 00 .0 1 0 0 .0 100.0 15, 617 3, 985 11, 632 1 ,2 1 2 1 3 ,2 9 3 $ 2 .4 8 $ 2 .8 2 $ 2 .3 7 $ 2 .7 3 $ 2 .4 6 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , I n c lu d e s d ata f o r r e g i o n s in a d d it io n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: _ _ h o lid a y s , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n o t e q u a l 100, and la te s h ifts . (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1 9 7 3 ) H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 3 N u m ber w ork ers S ou th ea st M id d le A tla n tic , U n ited S ta tes 2 O c c u p a t io n and s e x M ean M edian M id d le ra n g e $ 3 ,0 8 —$ 3 .6 5 H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 3 _ M ean M ed ia n M id d le ra n g e N u m b er of w ork ers 94 $ 3 .7 2 $ 4 .0 0 $ 3 .2 2 —$ 4 .2 0 1, 038 $ 3 .3 1 $ 3 .3 4 94 170 3.72 2 .7 7 _ 2 .7 7 4 .0 0 2 .8 9 _ 2 .9 0 - - 3 .2 2 - 4 .2 0 2 .3 2 - 3.16 _ 2 .3 0 - 3.17 - _ _ _ _ 1, 005 1, 115 71 1, 044 613 23 590 3 .30 2 .4 7 2 .62 2 .4 6 2 .4 5 2 .2 9 2 .4 6 3.35 2 .4 0 2 .5 8 2 .4 0 2 .3 4 2 .2 4 2 .3 4 3 .0 0 2 .1 4 2 .2 3 2 .1 4 2 .1 5 2 .0 8 2 .1 5 - N u m ber of w ork ers H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 3 M ean M ed ia n M id d le range P la n t o c c u p a t io n s K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e ( 1 ,2 0 6 m e n , 11 w o m e n ) 4 ___________________ S e a m le s s , h a lf - h o s e (1 , 128 m e n , 11 w o m e n )4 K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c _____________ _____________ M en _____________ _____________________ ___ W o m e n ____________________________________ K n it t e r s , s t r i n g ___ \_____________________________ M en ___________1____________________________ W o m e n _____________________________________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic ___________________________ M e n ________________________________________ W o m e n _____________________________________ B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u to m a tic (7 3 m e n , 277 w o m e n ) _________________________ P r e b o a r d e r s _____________________________________ M e n ________________________________________ ____________________________ W o m e n ________ ■ M i s c e ll a n e o u s : L o o p e r s , to e (a ll w o m e n ) _____________________ S e a m e r s , to e (a ll w o m e n ) ________ _____ _ E x a m in e r s ( h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s ) (a ll w o m e n ) 4 ___________________________________ G r e y ( g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s ---------------------------D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s (311 m e n , 2 w o m e n ) ____________________________ _______ M e n d e r s , h a n d, fin is h (a ll w o m e n ) __________ M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y (a ll w o m e n ) ----------------P a i r e r s (a ll w o m e n ) 4 ----------------------------------S t o c k in g s ______________________________________ T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s (a ll w o m e n ) . . . R e p a ir m e n , se w in g m a c h in e (a ll w o m e n ) ___ F o l d e r s (a ll w o m e n ) ------------------------------------B o x e r s ( a ll w o m e n ) __ ------------------------------------F o ld e r s and b o x e r s (a ll w o m e n ) __________ B a g g e r s (2 m e n , 39 w o m e n ) ----------------------- $ 3 .0 3 —$ 3 .6 5 1, 217 $ 3 .3 5 $ 3 .3 5 1, 139 1, 399 81 1, 318 623 23 600 3.34 2 .5 0 2 .6 3 2 .4 9 2 .4 5 2 .2 9 2 .46 3.35 2 .4 4 2 .5 8 2.42 2.32 2 .2 4 2 .3 3 3 .0 5 2 .1 7 2 .3 4 2 .1 7 2 .1 5 2 .0 8 2 .1 5 - 3.65 2 .8 0 2 .9 2 2 .7 7 2 .6 9 2 .5 0 2 .7 0 160 _ _ _ 1, 282 121 1, 161 2 .3 8 2 .6 0 2 .3 6 2 .3 0 2.52 2 .27 1 .9 1 - 2 .7 7 2 .1 2 - 2 .9 2 1 .9 0 - 2 .7 5 52 19 33 2 .8 9 2 .9 3 2 .8 7 2 .81 2 .8 0 2 .82 2 .5 0 - 3 .24 2 .5 4 - 3.26 2 .4 7 - 3 .13 1, 153 100 1, 053 2 .3 6 2 .5 3 2 .3 4 2 .2 7 2 .4 2 2 .2 5 1 .9 0 - 2 .75 2 .1 0 - 2 .9 0 1 .8 9 - 2.72 350 144 16 128 2 .2 3 2.62 3.02 2 .57 2 .1 3 2 .51 2 .8 4 2 .4 9 1 .8 6 2 .2 7 2 .3 1 2 .2 7 - 2 .5 5 2 .8 8 3.38 2 .8 4 19 _ _ - 2 .5 6 _ _ - 2 .5 1 _ _ 2 .1 6 - 2 .8 0 319 129 7 122 2 .2 0 2 .5 2 2 .3 8 2 .5 3 2 .1 2 2 .4 5 1 .8 4 - 2.41 2 .2 1 - 2 .8 0 2 .4 5 2 .2 4 - 2 .8 0 207 1, 274 2 .4 8 2.42 2 .4 9 2 .3 0 2 .0 3 - 2 .8 4 2 .0 0 - 2 .7 5 56 56 2 .8 6 3 .04 2 .8 4 3.01 2 .5 5 - 3 .20 2 .5 1 - 3.45 143 1, 143 2 .3 3 2 .3 7 2 .3 2 2 .2 4 1 .8 9 - 2 .73 1 .9 8 - 2.66 4 49 427 2 .3 3 2.32 2 .2 3 2 .22 1 .9 9 - 2 .5 4 1 .9 9 - 2 .5 4 35 35 2 .5 3 2 .5 3 2 .5 0 2 .5 0 2 .3 4 — 2 .7 4 2 .3 4 - 2 .7 4 389 367 2 .3 3 2 .3 2 2 .22 2 .2 1 1 .9 8 - 2 .56 1 .9 9 - 2 .5 4 313 85 76 1, 003 933 196 10 65 81 503 41 2 .62 2 .2 0 2 .0 9 2 .4 3 2.41 2.51 3.40 2 .46 2 .3 4 2 .4 4 2.11 2 .6 0 2 .1 0 2 .1 0 2 .3 9 2 .3 5 2 .4 4 2 .2 5 1 .9 5 1 .8 5 1 .9 6 1 .9 1 2 .1 6 - 2 .5 0 2 .27 2 .3 4 2 .0 0 2 .1 3 1 .9 5 2 .0 2 2 .0 0 - 17 _ 17 50 _ 19 , _ _ _ 3.20 _ 2 .1 9 2 .6 7 _ 2 .5 9 _ _ 3.14 _ 2 .2 0 2 .8 0 _ 2 .6 5 _ _ 3 .0 0 _ 2 .0 0 2 .4 3 _ 2 .2 5 - 2 .2 0 1 .9 1 1 .8 0 1 .9 4 1 .9 1 2 .1 0 2 .1 3 1 .9 5 2 .0 1 - - 2 .5 4 2 .2 2 1.96 2 .4 2 2 .4 0 2 .51 3.35 2 .4 6 2 .3 4 2 .4 6 2 .1 5 2 .5 5 2 .1 3 2 .0 0 2 .3 6 2 .3 3 2 .41 2 .5 0 2.2 7 2 .3 6 - 273 59 40 900 860 151 8 65 78 427 13 34 10 2 .6 0 2.36 2 .6 0 2 .4 9 - 2 .77 24 8 2 .6 4 2 .4 5 2 .6 7 fo r o c c u p a t io n s w ith - 2 ,8 6 2 .4 5 2 .2 2 2 .8 4 2 .7 8 2 .71 - 2 .7 6 2 .61 2 .7 8 2 .1 5 _ - - - - 3.45 2 .4 5 2 .9 0 2 .91 - - 3.65 2 .7 0 2 .9 6 2 .6 8 2 .7 0 2 .5 0 2 .7 0 - - 2 .77 2 .5 0 2 .15 2 .7 9 2.75 2.71 2 .76 2 .66 2 .7 8 - O f f i c e o c c u p a t io n s 5 C l e r k s , p a y r o l l _____________________________________ T y p is t s , c l a s s B ____________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . In c lu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . S ee a p p e n d ix A f o r m e th o d u s e d to c o m p u te m e a n s , m e d ia n s , and m id d le ra n g e s o f r a t e s . I n c lu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . A ll w o rk e r s w e re w om en . NOTE: D a s h e s in d ic a t e no da ta r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lica tio n c r it e r ia , _ M e d ia n s and m id d le ra n g e s w ere n ot co m p u te d fe w e r 2 .5 3 - 2 .7 9 than 15 w o r k e r s . (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s b y s iz e o f c o m m u n it y , U nited Sta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S e p te m b e r 1973) M id d le A tla n tic U n ited Sta tes 1 2 O c c u p a tio n and s e x M e tr o p o lita n a re a s N u m b er of w ork ers N o n m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s S ou th ea st M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s N o n m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s A vera g e h ou rly e a rn in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A v era g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s N u m b er of w ork ers A vera g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s $ 3 .3 3 3 .32 2 .4 6 860 821 57 $ 3 .3 6 3 .35 2 .7 0 78 78 $ 3 .7 4 3 .7 4 224 195 14 $ 3 .1 8 3.15 2 .3 0 812 808 57 $ 3 .3 4 3 .34 2 .7 0 M en K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 3___ S e a m le s s , h a l f - h o s e ________________________ K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t ic ......... B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic _ .............. M i s c e ll a n e o u s : D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s _______________________ 346 307 24 - - 39 3 .0 2 82 2 .4 0 19 2 .93 20 3 .1 0 80 2 .3 9 122 2 .6 4 189 2 .6 0 16 3.21 91 2 .4 3 182 2 .5 9 488 58 2 .4 9 2 .3 8 830 542 2 .4 9 2 .4 6 146 - 2 .7 8 - 279 58 2 .3 2 2 .3 8 765 532 2 .50 2.47 412 39 2 .4 8 2 .6 3 749 89 2 .2 9 2 .5 4 33 2 .8 7 316 33 2 .4 7 2 .4 8 737 89 2 .2 8 2 .54 121 311 88 81 46 27 414 352 108 209 2 .5 8 2 .3 7 2 .2 5 2 .2 8 2 .3 6 2 .2 0 2 .5 7 2 .5 4 2 .4 2 2 .5 3 86 963 361 346 39 49 589 581 88 294 2 .3 4 2 .4 4 2 .35 2 .3 3 2.01 2 .0 3 2 .3 4 2 .3 3 2 .62 2 .3 8 67 218 34 27 - 2.315 2 .1 9 2 .0 8 2 .1 4 - 76 925 355 340 38 37 579 571 83 2 84 2.31 2.41 2 .35 2 .33 2 .0 0 1.97 2 .33 2.32 2 .62 2 .4 0 W om en K n ittin g : K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic K n it t e r s , s t r i n g _________________________________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c ___________________________ P r e b o a r d e r s ____________ ___________________ M i s c e ll a n e o u s : L o o p e r s , t o e _____________________________________ S e a m e r s , toe E x a m in e r s (h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) 3 ____________ G r e y ( g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s __________________ M e n d e r s , hand, f i n i s h _________________________ M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y ___________________________ P a i r e r s 3__________________________________________ S t o c k in g s ___________________________________ _ T ra n s fe r -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s . ..... ............. F o ld e r s and b o x e r s ____________________________ 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 I n c lu d e s data f o r r e g i o n s in a d d ition to th o s e show n se p a r a te ly . 3 In c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i fic a t i o n in a d d ition to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . - 39 35 35 17 50 - 2.91 2 .5 3 2 .5 3 2 .1 9 2.67 - - 17 2 .5 0 - 321 289 68 143 - 2 .5 8 2 .5 5 2 .3 8 2 .5 8 S ou th ea st U nited S ta tes E s ta b lis h m e n t s h a vin g — O c c u p a t io n and s e x 2 0 -9 9 w ork ers N u m b er A v era g e h o u r ly of e a rn in g s w ork ers 1 0 0 -2 4 9 w ork ers N u m b er A vera ge h o u r ly of e a r n in g s w ork ers 2 50 w o r k e r s or m ore N u m b er A v era g e of h o u r ly w ork ers e a r n in g s 2 0 -9 9 w ork ers A v era g e N u m b er h o u r ly of w ork ers e a rn in g s 1 0 0 -2 4 9 w ork ers N u m b er A vera ge h o u r ly of w ork ers e a r n in g s 250 w o r k e r s o r m ore N u m b er A vera g e .o f h o u r ly w ork ers e a rn in g s M en K n ittin g: A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 3 . . . S e a m le s s , h a l f - h o s e ________________________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic ___________________________ M i s c e ll a n e o u s : \ D y e i n g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s . . ....... ............... ................ 290 280 - $3.41 3.41 - 370 332 $3.42 3.42 546 516 $ 3 .2 7 3.25 271 271 $3.41 3.41 - 328 302 $3.42 3 .4 3 4 37 4 30 $3.15 3.15 32 2 .8 6 81 2 .4 7 - 19 2 .7 0 73 2 .4 5 70 2 .9 7 106 2 .4 5 135 2 .5 6 57 2 .8 6 98 2 .4 3 118 2 .4 6 286 2 39 2 .4 0 2 .31 387 245 2 .4 5 2 .4 6 645 116 2 .5 6 2 .7 5 271 2 39 2 .3 7 2 .3 1 295 245 2 .4 7 2 .4 6 478 106 2 .5 0 2 .8 0 183 126 2 .3 6 2 .0 9 - 389 48 74 2 .2 9 2 .3 5 2 .5 3 589 44 2 .4 1 2 .3 8 2 .0 9 - 2 .2 6 552 2 .3 8 2 .6 3 145 126 - 356 - 39 335 195 189 186 178 66 30 82 1.99 2 .4 4 2 .2 6 2 .2 7 2 .1 8 2 .1 5 2 .5 6 2 .5 5 2 .1 7 81 372 162 148 298 285 59 2 .4 2 2 .3 7 2 .3 6 2 .3 0 2 .4 3 2 .4 3 2 .3 9 2 .4 2 87 567 92 90 519 470 71 17 251 2 .7 6 2 .4 5 2 .4 3 2 .4 4 2 .5 3 2 .5 0 2 .5 7 2 .5 8 2 .5 4 39 312 176 170 157 149 43 30 70 1.99 2 .4 0 2 .2 8 2 .2 9 2 .1 7 2 .1 3 2 .6 0 2 .5 5 2 .2 0 73 325 154 140 2 69 2 69 55 W om en K n ittin g : K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ____________________________ K n it t e r s , s t r i n g _________________________________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic ___________________________ B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c ______________ P r e b o a r d e r s _______________ ____ __________________ M i s c e ll a n e o u s : L o o p e r s , t o e _____________________________________ S e a m e r s . t o e ____________ ___________ ____ ________ E x a m in e r s ( h o s i e r y in s p e c t o r s ) 3 -------------- . . . G r e y ( g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s ___________________ P a i r e r s 3 _________________________________________ S t o c k in g s --------------------- --------- -------------------------T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s --------------------------F o l d e r s ___________________________________________ F o ld e r s and b o x e r s --------------------------------------------- - 170 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e an d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 I n clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d it io n t o th e S ou th ea st. 1 In c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . - - 74 - 150 - » 2 *53 1 2 .4 0 2 .3 6 2 .3 7 2 .3 2 2 .4 3 2 .4 3 2 .4 0 - 2 .4 1 - 38 2 .51 506 59 57 4 74 442 53 17 207 2 .3 5 2 .3 7 2 .3 8 2 .5 0 2 .4 7 2 .5 6 2 .5 8 2 .5 8 (N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s b y m e t h o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t , U n ited S ta te s an d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n , S e p t e m b e r 1 97 3) U n ite d S ta te s 1 2 T im e w o r k e r s O c c u p a t io n an d s e x N u m ber of w ork ers S ou th ea st T im e w o r k e r s In ce n tiv e w o r k e r s A v era g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s I n c e n t iv e w o r k e r s N um ber of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s N u m ber of w ork ers A vera ge h o u r ly e a rn in g s M en K n it t in g : A d j u s t e r s a n d f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h i n e s ____ M is c e lla n e o u s : D y e i n g - m a c h i n e t e n d e r s . . ________ ______________ 1 ,2 0 6 $ 3 .3 5 - 1 ,0 3 6 $ 3 .3 1 - 285 2 .5 9 26 $ 2 .8 8 2 47 2 .5 0 26 $ 2 .8 8 121 180 2 .2 8 2 .2 1 1, 197 420 2 .5 1 2 .5 6 68 170 2 .2 5 2 .2 1 976 420 2 .4 7 2 .5 6 - 1, 151 2 .3 6 - - 1 ,0 5 1 2 .3 4 3 92 371 948 880 172 44 63 432 2 .3 6 2 .3 5 2 .4 4 2 .4 1 2 .5 6 2 .5 9 2 .3 9 2 .5 0 16 21 15 19 - 3 53 332 885 845 135 44 63 408 2 .3 5 2 .3 3 2 .4 2 2 .4 0 2 .5 5 2 .5 9 2 .3 9 2 .4 8 - - W om en K n it t in g : K n i t t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ______________________________ K n i t t e r s , s t r i n g __________________________________ B o a r d in g a n d p r e b o a r d i n g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c _____________________ i _____ M is c e lla n e o u s : E x a m i n e r s ( h o s i e r y i n s p e c t o r s ) 3 .................. ..... G r e y ( g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s ___________________ P a i r e r s 3 ___________________________________________ S t o c k i n g s _____ __________________________________ T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ---------------------------F o l d e r s _____________________________________________ B o x e r s ______________________________________________ F o l d e r s a n d b o x e r s __________________________ __ 1 2 3 - 57 56 55 53 24 21 18 71 2 .1 2 2 .1 2 2 .3 7 2 .3 7 2 .1 7 2 .2 0 2 .1 7 2 .0 8 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a n d la t e s h i f t s . I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d it io n t o th e S o u t h e a s t . I n c l u d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d it io n t o t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . - - 2 .1 8 2 .2 0 2 .1 4 2 .0 9 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s M en _ _ _ _ W om en Number of workers Average hourly earnings $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 Under and and $1.80 under $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.1 0 $2.20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2.4 0 $2.5 0 $ 2.6 0 $2.7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $3.0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3.2 0 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 o v e r 1 0 ,3 3 6 2 ,4 9 9 7, 837 $2.52 2 .8 6 2.41 24 2 22 1162 107 1055 513 32 481 931 154 777 813 124 689 800 140 660 752 112 640 692 141 551 738 177 561 492 107 385 652 184 468 448 96 352 339 79 260 342 129 213 261 102 159 286 145 141 205 91 114 175 100 75 136 76 60 148 104 44 126 92 34 56 29 27 756 727 3.41 3.41 - - - 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - 8 8 6 6 20 20 10 10 30 30 64 63 66 64 83 75 68 62 69 62 48 46 85 84 62 61 21 20 69 19 2 .6 3 2 .3 9 _ 2 " 1 - 12 2 1 5 4 3 3 2 7 5 4 5 " 4 - 5 - 2 2 4 4 1 2 - - - - " 6 - 2 - - " - - 75 7 2 .5 4 2 .3 8 _ 11 1 3 3 3 1 12 2 3 3 4 6 1 _ 3 1 2 _ 2 - - " " 3 2 1 - 6 3 5 - - - - - - - - - 228 202 26 2 .5 9 2 .5 5 2 .8 8 _ 6 6 - 6 6 - 22 22 - 5 5 - 18 18 - 12 12 - 22 19 3 19 18 1 17 16 1 41 38 3 4 2 2 11 10 .1 2 2 - 5 5 - 1 1 - 2 5 5 - 1 1 - _ - _ _ - - 7 3.22 1 1 1 1 721 68 653 512 170 342 2 .5 7 2 .2 5 2 .6 0 2 .4 9 2.21 2 .6 3 60 4 56 30 30 30 38 38 21 17 16 5 8 6 5 2 1 5 1 1 30 23 30 24 38 19 38 9 21 14 17 11 5 5 8 6 6 4 5 2 5 1 1 - - - - - - - 1 2 - 30 23 24 19 9 14 11 16 8 1 7 819 220 213 122 2 .4 5 2 .2 4 2 .2 5 2 .5 3 22 2 2 2 112 843 299 270 2 84 255 40 22 26 10 2.41 2.41 2 .4 2 2 .4 4 2 .3 9 2 .4 2 2 .3 6 2 .1 2 2 .0 2 1.98 37 102 14 87 23 15 18 10 8 88 65 23 70 70 8 8 18 18 - - - " - - _ _ - - 1 1 2 2 - S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s ---- m en K n ittin g A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , m a c h in e s (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) 2 S e a m le s s , h a lf- h o s e K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic (a ll in c e n t iv e w ork ers! K n it t e r s , s t r in g 3 _ . , 8 8 - B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic 3 . _____ P r e b o a r d e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ____ - 1 M i s c e lla n e o u s D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s .. ... .. ... T i m e ______________________________ I n c e n t i v e _______________________ ____ R e p a ir m e n , se w in g m a c h in e (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) _________________________ - - 26 14 12 1 - 2 _ - 2 S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s ---w om en K n ittin g K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ________________________ T i m e _______________________________ _ I n c e n t i v e ______________________________ K n it t e r s , s t r i n g _____________________________ T i m e ______________________________ I n c e n t i v e __________________________ ____ _ - 12 - 12 7 11 11 - - - - - - 83 22 61 10 - 10 49 8 41 116 90 26 74 10 64 100 77 23 56 3 53 42 1 41 45 92 14 78 37 1 36 60 7 53 45 - - - 7 _ 139 62 58 9 70 12 12 8 64 26 26 4 45 20 20 7 51 16 14 7 35 23 23 17 73 9 9 12 41 15 15 8 40 10 9 9 58 6 6 11 36 5 5 7 30 6 6 9 34 1 1 1 15 2 2 5 25 134 31 31 31 31 3 3 50 24 24 24 24 6 101 23 23 23 23 11 11 6 4 8 71 42 14 41 13 3 3 12 2 4 60 23 22 23 22 6 6 12 61 23 23 21 21 1 4 70 24 24 23 23 2 2 5 33 33 33 31 31 4 6 29 10 10 10 10 14 42 7 7 6 6 2 13 45 13 13 12 12 2 2 37 12 12 10 10 2 5 24 5 5 5 5 2 3 21 5 5 4 4 - - - 5 6 4 - 26 - 22 4 6 - - - - 1 “ 7 1 1 3 - - - 1 4 3 3 1 1 12 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 - - - - 2 " - - 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 ~ 1 1 “ 1' 2 - - - - - 7 2 2 2 2 B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic 3----------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c ------------------I n ce n tiv e _____________________________________ P r e b o a r d e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) -------- - 1 - - M is c e lla n e o u s L o o p e r s , t o e (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) -----S e a m e r s , t o e (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ----E x a m in e r s ( h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s ) 2 -----------I n c e n t iv e --------------------------- ■------------------------------G r e y (g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s ----------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------------------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, f i n i s h ---------------------------------------T im e -----------------------------------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y ------------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ______________________________ _ - " - 6 4 - 2 " - - - - - 12 3 3 3 3 2 13 7 7 6 6 - 6 4 - NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t i o n and s e x Number of Average $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 hourly j earnings U n d e r a n d $ 1 .8 0 u n d e r $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 . 2 0 an d $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 ove r S elected p roduction occup ations — w o m e n— C o n t i n u e d M i s c e l l a n e o u s -----C o n t i n u e d P a i r e r s 2 _________________________________________ I n c e n t i v e ---------- ----------------------------------------S tockin gs ----- ----------------------------------------------I n c e n t i v e _____________________________— T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s - ------------ __ T i m e ----------------------------------------------------------In centive — -- ------- --------------— _ — F o l d e r s ------------------------------------------------------------------I n c e n t i v e --------------------------------------------------B o x e r s --------------------------------------------------------------------I n c e n t i v e ---------------- -----------------------------------F o l d e r s a n d b o x e r s ----- --- ----------------------------T i m e ----------------------------- -------------------------I n c e n t i v e _________________________________ 659 645 619 605 142 16 126 54 40 48 35 390 16 3 74 $ 2 .5 5 2 .5 6 2 .5 3 2 .5 4 2 .5 5 2 .1 8 2 .6 0 2 .5 9 2 .6 5 2 .5 7 2 .7 4 2 .5 0 2 .1 1 2 .5 1 15 6 2 .8 1 2 .5 9 _ - 94 94 94 94 16 2 14 42 - - - 42 31 31 30 30 2 6 37 4 33 45 45 44 44 13 2 11 1 1 3 3 32 5 27 42 42 42 42 5 5 6 6 24 2 22 34 34 33 33 15 8 7 1 1 1 1 29 1 28 33 33 32 32 16 4 12 8 1 10 3 35 35 - - - 1 1 40 40 32 32 3 25 25 16 16 3 29 29 24 24 4 22 22 18 18 10 20 20 18 18 1 16 16 16 16 - 15 15 14 14 1 15 15 14 14 - 4 4 4 4 1 12 12 12 12 - 1 1 1 1 8 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 - 3 3 9 35 35 33 33 11 8 15 8 3 3 18 9 2 2 3 3 19 11 7 7 6 6 30 3 6 6 2 2 17 3 1 1 3 3 8 4 2 2 2 2 11 10 1 1 2 2 17 1 2 2 1 1 11 9 1 2 2 8 5 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 8 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 18 19 30 17 8 1f 17 11 9 8 5 4 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 6 3 2 - 2 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - - 56 42 55 41 13 31 31 30 30 8 48 48 46 46 13 1 1 3 3 24 4 20 3 3 - S e l e c t e d o f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s ---- w o m e n C l e r k s , p a y r o l l -----------------------------------------------T y p i s t s , c l a s s B ------------------------------------------- _ - 1 . - 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h if ts . 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i n a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . • I n s u f f i c i e n t d ata to w a r r a n t p u b l i c a t i o n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s by m e t h o d of w a g e p a y m e n t ; p r e d o m i n a n t l y incentive workers. NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O cc u p a tio n and se x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s . M e n ________________________________________ W o m e n -------------------------------------------------------- Number of Average hourly , earninga 1 ,3 3 9 424 915 $ 2 .2 4 2 .5 5 2 .0 9 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ X 9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $3 and and under $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $1.85 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 ov e r 87 3 84 15 _ 15 92 3 89 46 5 41 105 37 68 57 20 37 79 13 66 155 35 120 123 45 78 69 14 55 73 18 55 121 45 76 68 23 45 41 10 31 30 11 19 31 17 14 21 10 11 20 16 4 13 9 4 13 11 2 30 30 3 3 24 23 1 6 6 4 4 13 13 - - - 3 3 S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — m en 1 1 K n ittin g A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , kn ittin g m a c h in e s (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) 2 ____________ S e a m le s s , h a l f - h o s e _____________________ 3 3 6 6 1 1 9 9 6 6 ~ ” " “ “ 10 4 4 5 1 " 4 3 3 1 1 ' " “ 8 7 2 1 1 - 1 2 - 1 - 1 - - - - 2 - 6 2 5 6 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 5 5 - - " - - - 5 10 1 1 " “ 7 2 • 7 6 4 3 9 14 15 8 7 7 12 2 .0 0 19 - 12 7 5 3 5 9 4 4 6 4 2 .1 7 10 - 3 4 2 1 6 6 13 8 10 1 - 2 - 109 105 3 .1 3 3.13 20 2 .3 2 125 2 .2 2 90 85 - 4 4 7 7 29 25 - 17 ‘ 17 4 4 3 3 ~ " 3 - " " ~ ~ " " “ ~ - - - - - 1 M i s c e ll a n e o u s D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ----------------------------------------- O S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — w o m e n K n ittin g K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) -------------------------------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _____________________________________ M is c e lla n e o u s S e a m e r s , t o e (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) --------E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( g r e i g e ) (h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s ) 3 b /----------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y 7”^/ --------------------------P a i r e r s , s t o c k in g s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _____________________________________ 33 10 2 .0 4 1.90 6 1 93 2 .1 0 4 7 2 .3 0 ' 4 - 3 3 1 1 . 2 - 4 - 2 - 4 4 20 5 6 8 10 5 5 1 3 1 " ' ' “ “ 2 1 - - - - 1 1 “ S e le c t e d o f f i c e o c c u p a t io n s — w o m e n C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ---------------------------------------------- " 3 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . 2 I n c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p u b lic a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s by m eth od of w age p a y m en t; (a) p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , - o r (b) p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . “ " _ " “ " “ (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , S e p t e m b e r 1973) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Numbar of workaiu O c c u p a t io n and s e x A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s _ __ ____ M en . . ......... . ..... ........ ......... W om en $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $3.9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4.10 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 A**ma hourly aammga* and and undet $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $4.0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $4.2 0 $4.3 0 o v e r 2 , 679 600 2 .0 7 9 $ 2 .6 0 3.01 2 .4 8 202 3 .5 9 9 17 2 .5 5 2 .2 2 _ 2 6 2 2 2 _ 2 4 _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 68 54 2 .71 2 .6 6 . _ _ _ 4 4 2 2 5 5 1 1 8 5 7 6 7 6 176 158 187 92 95 2 .7 4 2 .8 0 2 .4 7 2 .1 6 2 .7 6 _ 2 2 3 3 - 13 11 2 2 19 11 96 90 6 9 5 5 5 5 3 16 1 15 10 8 5 5 9 9 8 8 195 35 29 65 2 .6 4 2 .1 3 2 .1 6 2 .5 8 9 19 15 2 8 1 1 6 8 _ 10 2 2 6 18 5 3 4 12 1 1 1 22 _ 8 _ 7 7 235 134 120 114 100 106 92 39 33 2 .6 0 2 .5 4 2 .4 9 2 .6 3 2 .6 6 2.61 2 .6 4 2 .8 4 2 .9 9 19 4 4 8 8 8 8 2 13 6 6 6 6 6 6 - 19 13 13 3 3 3 3 2 14 4 3 6 6 6 6 4 4 9 15 15 7 7 7 7 2 2 21 13 12 4 4 4 4 2 26 18 17 17 3 17 3 1 1 11 13 11 4 4 4 4 - J 266 20 246 99 5 94 195 32 163 248 19 229 157 24 133 168 19 149 179 34 145 177 35 142 123 19 104 234 54 180 100 18 82 111 12 99 109 34 75 2 12 _ 2 _ j _ _ 14 11 4 4 2 _ 7 1 1 _ 1 1 2 6 18 18 5 _ 5 12 12 8 _ 8 14 14 3 _ 3 17 17 7 _ 18 18 4 _ 5 5 5 _ 6 6 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 1 1 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 7 4 5 3 1 1 7 1 6 3 3 4 - - 1 8 2 2 7 24 _ 9 _ 15 _ 10 4 2 1 _ 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 10 7 11 4 4 5 1 - 1 - 2 1 - 7 8 8 15 15 13 13 5 5 18 6 5 3 3 3 3 8 8 19 10 9 5 5 5 5 13 10 8 8 8 4 4 9 2 2 5 5 5 5 7 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 6 1 1 j 4 79 29 50 95 53 42 46 7 39 45 24 21 48 28 20 35 1 1Q 7 16 41 34 7 3i 17 17 19 25 13 _ 1 _ _ 29 1D 16 ** 10 5 3 2 24 7 4 21 3 8 9 S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — m e n K n ittin g A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , kn ittin g m a c h in e s , s e a m le s s , h a lf-h o s e 1 jj 2 B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic (a ll in c e n t iv e w ork ers) ... .................. _ ... B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t ic 4 _ M is c e l la n e o u s D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s ..... T i m e ______________________ ... 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - 3 1 S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — w om en K n ittin g K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t ic I n c e n t iv e K n it t e r s , s t r in g T im e .... I n c e n t iv e ........ . ........... .. _ _______ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic ( a ll in c e n t iv e w ork ers) ................... B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c __________ I n c e n t iv e .... _ P r e b o a r d e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _____ 1 1 M i s c e ll a n e o u s S e a m e r s , t o e ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ____ E x a m in e r s ( h o s i e r y i n s p e c t o r s ) 4 5_______ G r e y ( g r e i g e ) e x a m in e r s P a ire r s 5 _ .......... . In c e n tiv e S to ck in g s I n c e n t i v e _______________________________ T ra n s fe r -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s _ I n ce n tiv e ... .. _ _ _ 7 3 2 9 9 7 7 3 3 _ 6 6 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 _ 8 8 4 2 2 _ 1 1 " (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , S e p t e m b e r 197 3) 1 T he H ic k o r y —S t a te s v ille a r e a c o n s is t s o f B u r k e , C a ld w e ll, C ataw ba, and I r e d e ll C o u n tie s. 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 3 In c lu d e s 8 w o r k e r s u n d e r $ 1.80 in o t h e r than o c c u p a tio n s show n. 4 I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p u b lic a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m eth od o f w age p a y m e n t; p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . 5 In c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d ition to t h o s e show n s e p a r a te ly . NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n and s e x Number of Average hourly earning* 4 A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s _____________________ 5, 294 M en --------------------------------------------------------------- 1, 341 W o m e n ______________________________________ 3, 953 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.3 0 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 Under and and $1.80 under $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 o v e r $2.53 2.79 2 .44 16 16 515 51 464 227 17 210 4 34 76 358 378 79 299 412 102 310 457 70 387 399 83 316 396 93 303 301 72 229 313 96 217 238 32 206 172 40 132 177 74 103 133 51 82 168 82 86 128 69 59 110 61 49 75 40 35 90 64 26 59 36 23 18 9 9 23 10 13 27 19 8 3 1 2 25 14 11 3 .34 3.34 - - - - - - - - - 5 5 8 8 8 8 8 8 36 35 40 38 45 37 52 46 47 40 28 26 54 53 17 16 4 3 4 4 7 7 1 1 1 1 23 2.36 - 2 1 4 _ 1 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 2 .39 - - 2 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 39 2.73 - 2 - 106 2.61 - 6 3.30 362 50 312 248 2 .43 2.27 2.46 2 .58 _ 391 137 57 2.57 2.28 2.47 110 346 2.41 2.31 137 136 24 10 414 382 2.35 2.35 2.55 2.11 2.70 2 .69 S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — m en K n ittin g A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , kn ittin g m a c h in e s (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) 3 ____________ S e a m le s s , h a l f - h o s e _____________________ K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _____________________________________ K n it t e r s , s t r in g (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _____________________________________ 365 336 3 1 3 3 3 _ 2 5 2 1 - 2 1 1 4 3 3 4 2 1 1 - 4 3 1 1 - 3 - 2 - 2 1 - - - 7 3 10 7 14 10 10 27 _ 2 4 1 5 _ _ 5 1 _ _ _ _ 9 5 44 1 43 26 42 • 5 37 40 72 14 58 29 35 4 31 25 10 9 3 3 2 1 16 20 57 6 51 18 10 5 37 20 17 8 16 9 5 10 15 10 21 9 12 3 5 3 9 2 8 1 1 _ - 1 - 32 35 7 26 11 2 39 18 3 21 10 1 23 11 3 16 6 16 27 9 5 24 7 1 32 8 2 26 6 4 21 5 4 17 2 4 19 1 - 9 1 2 12 2 1 1 1 - - 25 76 3 20 6 47 6 31 4 21 12 26 4 25 5 17 6 12 14 16 13 12 2 12 5 4 3 4 1 _ - 27 27 18 18 10 9 2 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 13 12 19 18 26 25 6 6 2 2 35 34 20 20 4 26 26 10 10 1 1 22 22 8 8 _ 10 10 7 7 20 19 26 25 32 32 29 27 35 27 17 12 23 18 " B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic 4 ______________________ M i s c e ll a n e o u s D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) — ____________________________ R e p a ir m e n , se w in g m a c h in e (a ll t i m ^ \x/ n r* *=>t q^ S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — w o m e n K n ittin g K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t ic --------------------------------------T i m e ____________________________________ I n c e n t i v e _______________________________ K n it t e r s , s t r i n g 4 -------------------------------------------- ~ 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 16 18 _ 2 5 - - 6 1 1 _ - - - 5 11 1 1 4 _1 _ _ 2 2 3 3 2 4 4 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 13 11 14 12 12 12 15 14 14 13 2 2 10 - B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic 4 ---------------------------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u t o m a t ic 4_________ P r e b o a r d e r s ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ______ _ - _ _ 1. 2 M i s c e ll a n e o u s L o o p e r s , toe (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ___ __ S e a m e r s , toe (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) -------E x a m in e r s ( h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s ) ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) 3___________________ G r e y (g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s ________________ M e n d e r s , hand, f i n i s h ______________________ T im e P a i r e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) 3 _________ S t o c k in g s ----------------------------------------------------- _ 10 _ _ _ _ 1 1 4 4 . _ 1 _ _ 4 4 2 2 (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , S e p te m b e r 1973) 1 T h e W in s to n -S a le m r -H ig h P o in t a r e a c o n s is t s o f A la m a n c e , D a v id so n , F o r s y t h , G u ilfo r d , R a n d olp h , and S u r r y C o u n tie s. 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 3 I n c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 4 I n s u ff ic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p u b lic a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m eth od o f w ag e p a y m e n t; p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s by m e th o d o f w age p a y m e n t, U nited S ta tes, s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r 1973) R e g io n s U n it e d S t a te s 2 M e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t1 S t a te s M i d d le A tla n tic S ou th ea st N orth C a r o lin a A reas T en n essee H ick o r y — S ta te s v ille , N .C . W in s to n S a le m H ig h P o i n t , A l l w o r k e r s _______________________________________ 100 100 100 100 1 00 100 100 T i m e - r a t e d w o r k e r s _________________ ______________ F o r m a l p l a n s _______________________________________ S in g l e r a t e ____________________________________ R a n g e o f r a t e s __________________________________ I n d i v i d u a l r a t e s _________________________________ 42 13 2 11 29 47 35 11 24 13 40 7 1 6 33 40 6 1 5 34 45 26 8 19 19 49 3 3 _ 38 10 - 46 I n c e n t i v e w o r k e r s _____________________________________ I n d i v i d u a l p i e c e w o r k ______________________________ G r o u p p i e c e w o r k __________________ ______________ I n d i v i d u a l b o n u s ____________________________________ G r o u p b o n u s ________________________ ______________ 58 54 3 53 48 1 60 56 3 60 55 4 1 55 54 1 51 51 - - (3) (3 ) (3) - 10 27 62 60 2 1 (3 ) 3 1 F o r d e fin it io n o f m eth od o f w ag e p a y m en t, s e e a p p e n d ix A . 2 In c lu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a ls . Table 31. Men's hosiery mills: Scheduled weekly hours ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f ic e w o r k e r s b y sc h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s , 1 U nited S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta tes , and a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1973) R e g io n s U n it e d S ta te s 2 W e e k ly h o u r s 1 M i d d le A tla n tic S ta te s S ou th ea st N orth C a r o lin a A reas T en n essee H ic k o r y S t a te s v i l l e , N .C . W in s to n S a le m — H ig h P o i n t , P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s _______________________________________ 3 0 h o u r s __________________________________________________ 3 7 V2 h o u r s ____________________________ _______ _ _______ 4 0 h o u r s __________________________________________________ 4 8 h o u r s __________________________________________________ 100 (3) 2 94 4 100 . 21 79 _ 100 100 (3) 95 5 1 00 100 1 00 _ _ _ _ 94 6 96 4 87 13 95 5 100 100 100 _ _ 6 2 _ 7 100 92 88 O ffic e w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s _______________________________________ 100 100 100 100 3 2 V2 h o u r s _______________________________________________ 3 7 V2 h o u r s _________________________________ ______________ 3 8 3/ 4 h o u r s _______________________________________________ 4 0 h o u r s ______________________________________________ ___ 1 3 2 94 _ 1 2 3 94 2 3 4 92 13 - 87 1 D ata r e la t e to p r e d o m in a n t w o rk sch ed u le o f f u l l- t im e d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s in e a ch e s t a b lis h m e n t . 2 In c lu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n ot e q u a l t o t a ls . 5 (P e r c e n t o f p rod u ction w ork ers by shift d iffe re n tia l p r o v is i o n s , 1 United S ta tes, s e le c te d r e g io n s , S ta tes, and a r e a s , S eptem b er 1973) United States 21 M iddle A tlan tic A re a s States R e gio n s Shift d iffe re n tia l Southeast N orth C arolin a T e n n essee H ic k o r y States v ille , N .C. W instonS a le m High P oint, N.C. Second shift W o rk e rs in esta b lish m en ts having s e c o n d -s h ift p r o v i s i o n s . _________ ______ ____ W ith shift d i f f e r e n t i a l __T ____________________ U n iform c e n t s - p e r - h o u r _________________ 3 cen ts _ ...... 10 c e n ts .. _______________________ ___ _ U n iform p e r c e n ta g e ______________________ 1 p e r c e n t ____ _______________ _________ 2 p e rce n t _____ _____________________ 5 p e rce n t ________ ______ ______________ O ther ___________ _______ ______________ With no shift d i f f e r e n t i a l____________________ 96.5 20.4 9.6 4.3 5.3 9.3 .6 1 .1 7.6 1.6 76.1 97.2 96.8 66.6 10.2 20.9 20.9 45.7 45.7 30.6 1.8 86.6 66.6 66.6 20.2 4 .9 4.0 •9 3.5l .7 1.3 1.5 96.1 7.0 1 .1 - 1 .1 3.6 - 1.6 1.9 2.4 89.1 100.0 39.7 39.7 39.7 - 60.3 85.0 20.9 4.3 4.3 7.5 100.0 7.5 9.1 64.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 - , 96.8 61.8 44.7 4.3 4.3 26.5 8.5 18.1 13.9 17.1 82.6 3.2 3.2 3.2 79.4 T h ird or oth er late shift W o rk e rs in esta b lish m en ts having th ir d - or oth er la te -s h ift p r o v is i o n s ______ _____ . . . ____ With shift d iffe r e n tia l __ _________ ______ U n iform c e n t s - p e r - h o u r _______ __________ 10 c e n ts ___ _______ _____ ______________ 15 c e n t s . _______________________________ 20 cen ts ______ _________ _____________ . U n iform p e r c e n t a g e _______________________ 2 p e r c e n t ________________________________ 3 p e r c e n t ____________ _________ ______ _ 5 p e rce n t . . . ________ _______ _______ .. . 10 p e rce n t __ __________________________ O ther . . __ With no shift d iffe re n tia l ____________________ 70.8 25.9 7.5 1.4 .8 5.2 10.4 .6 1 .1 3.4 5.3 8.0 44.9 2 0.9 20.9 45.7 24.8 20.9 - 73.0 73.7 13.2 3.4 1.7 - 1 .1 1.8 1 .1 7.3 .7 1.3 1.7 3.6 9.4 52.8 8.5 - - 1.6 2.2 4.7 3.6 60.5 68.7 16.4 16.4 16.4 52.4 1 R e fe r s to p o lic ie s of esta b lish m en ts eith er c u rre n tly op era tin g late shifts o r having p ro v is io n s fo r late sh ifts. 2 In clu des data fo r reg ion s in addition to th ose shown se p a ra te ly . (P e r c e n t o f p rod u ction w o r k e rs on late shifts by am ount o f shift d iffe re n tia l, United S tates, s e le c te d r e g io n s , States and a r e a s , Septem ber 1973) R egion s Shift d iffe re n tia l United States 1 M iddle A tlantic States Southeast A re a s N orth C a ro lin a T e n n e ss e e 13.2 20.8 1.0 .1 H ickory— Stat'esville, N .C. W instonS a le m High P oint, N .C. Second shift W o rk e rs em p loy ed on secon d s h if t -------------------- 1 R e ce iv in g shift d iffe r e n t ia ls _________________ U niform c e n ts -p e r -h o u r ....... .. 5 c e n t s __________________________________ 10 cen ts ________________________________ U niform p e r c e n ta g e _______________________ 1 p e r c e n t _______________________________ 2 p ercen t.. _ _ _ 5 p e r c e n t ________________________________ O th e r _______________________________________ R e c e iv in g no shift d iffe r e n t ia l_______________ 15.8 4.0 1.9 15.3 ‘ 2 .1 1.3 2 .1 .1 .2 1.8 .1 1 1 .8 19.8 13.1 3.2 3.2 9.9 9.9 6.7 13.2 .2 12 .2 11.9 11.9 11.9 8.9 5.8 2.4 9.1 9.1 5.9 5.4 6.0 1.8 .4 2.2 .3 .1 - .3 2.2 6.8 .2 .1 .8 .1 1.5 1.5 1.5 4.5 1 .1 .7 1.2 .1 .6 .1 .3 .3 .2 - .1 .7 .3 .3 12.7 2.5 .4 _ .4 1.3 1.3 .7 11.4 .7 .7 .7 - 10.2 10.8 4.8 3.2 3.9 - T h ird or other late shift W o rk e rs em p loy ed on third o r other late s h i f t ________________________________________ R e ce iv in g shift d iffe r e n t ia l__________________ U niform c e n t s -p e r -h o u r __________________ 10 cen ts ________________________________ 20 c e n t s ________________________________ U niform p e r c e n ta g e _______________________ 2 p e r c e n t ________________________________ 5 p e r c e n t _______________________________ 10 p e r c e n t ______________________________ O ther __ ____________________________________ R e ce iv in g no shift d iffe r e n t ia l_______________ .9 (2) - .2 2.2 .7 4.6 - 1.0 3.5 1 Inclu des data fo r reg ion s in addition to th ose shown se p a ra te ly . 2 L e s s than 0.05 p ercen t. N O TE : B eca u se o f rounding, sum s o f in d ivid u a l ite m s m ay not equal to ta ls. - .1 .4 .5 (3 ) (2 ) (2 ) .3 .4 1.2 .2 4.1 4.6 .4 .4 1.8 - .1 1.7 .9 1.6 - 3.9 (P e r c e n t o f p ro d u c tio n and o ffic e w o rk e rs in m ills with fo r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r paid h o lid a y s , United S ta tes, s e le c te d r e g io n s , S ta tes, and a r e a s , Septem ber 1973) N um ber o f paid h olid ays M iddle A tlantic A re a s States R eg ions United States 1 Southeast N orth C a ro lin a T e n n e ss e e H ic k o r y States v ille , N .C . W in ston S a le m High P oint, N .C . P ro d u ctio n w o r k e rs A ll w o r k e r s __________________________________ W o rk e rs in esta b lish m en ts p rovid in g paid h o lid a y s ____________________________________ 1 d a y ___________________________________________ 2 d a y s __________________________________________ 3 d a y s __________________________________________ 4 days _________________________________________ 5 d a y s __________________________________________ 6 d a y s __________________________________________ 7 d a y s __________________________________________ 8 d a y s _____ ____________________________________ 9 d a y s __________________________________________ W o rk e rs in esta b lish m en ts p rovid in g no paid h o lid a y s ________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 54 100 6 - 46 7 3 5 15 14 39 4 3 - 29 3 26 “ - 36 " " - 2 75 4 23 48 “ - - 5 _ ■ 61 25 71 64 3 4 13 14 3 2 20 10 21 4 5 49 - - 46 - 54 1 7 14 11 10 21 O ffice w o r k e rs A ll w o r k e rs _________________________________ W o rk e rs in esta b lish m en ts p rov id in g paid h o lid a y s ____________________________________ 1 d a y _____________ _____________________________ 2 days ____________ ____________________________ 3 d a y s __________________________________________ 4 days .............. . 5 d a y s _________________________________________ 6 d a y s __________________________________________ 7 days .... _ ......... . 8 days 9 days __________________________________________ W o rk e rs in e sta b lish m en ts p rov id in g no paid h olid a y s ________________________ _____ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 83 100 77 8 8 67 24 27 - 83 - 76 9 7 19 87 6 6 11 10 21 12 5 3 3 17 13 25 51 - 17 1 In clu des data fo r reg ion s in addition to th ose shown s e p a ra te ly . 1 - 3 - 32 53 - 23 24 13 15 14 24 6 2 8 21 8 10 5 33 - 2 22 5 35 13 6 17 ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith f o r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r p a id v a c a t io n s a ft e r s e l e c t e d p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , U n ited S t a te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S t a te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r 1973) R e g io n s V a c a t io n p o l i c y U n ited S ta te s 1 A reas S ta te s H ic k o r y S ta te s v i l l e , N .C . R e g io n s W in ston S a le m H ig h P o in t , N .C . M id d le A tla n tic S ou th ea st 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 83 21 62 100 44 56 80 16 64 79 11 68 88 37 52 66 20 46 98 10 88 17 - 20 21 12 34 2 3 66 4 2 7 _ 79 21 - 4 62 3 3 9 . 5 55 •4 3 11 _ 88 _ _ _ _ 50 4 13 _ _ 1 56 7 7 9 . 2 48 9 9 11 _ _ 88 _ _ _ _ N o rth C a r o lin a T en n essee U n ited S ta te s 1 M id d le A tla n t ic S ta te s S o u th e a st P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s ..... _ N o rth C a r o lin a A reas H ic k o r y T e n n e s s e e 1S t a te s v ille , N .C . " W in ston S a le m H igh P o in t N .C . O ffic e w o rk e r s 100 100 100 100 100 100 96 87 9 100 79 21 94 86 8 94 87 7 99 99 96 91 5 4 - 6 6 10 79 6 _ 4 _ _ 57 (3 ) 37 _ 2 _ _ _ _ 88 _ 12 _ _ 45 1 47 _ 2 37 1 53 _ 53 _ 42 11 13 _ _ 3 69 12 11 4 _ _ 42 1 50 2 2 _ 42 11 13 _ _ 3 56 12 23 4 _ _ 34 (3 ) 60 _ 2 _ 3 16 6 69 4 _ 22 (3 ) 61 8 4 3 16 6 69 _ 4 _ _ 22 (3 ) 49 2 22 _ 100 M e th o d o f p a y m e n t W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id v a c a t io n s _________ L e n g th -o f-tim e paym ent ___ P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ____ ____ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id v a c a t io n s . 1 ‘ 100 92 8 4 - 27 3 66 26 A m ou n t o f v a ca tio n pay 2 A fte r 1 y ea r o f s e r v ic e : U n d e r 1 w e e k ____________________ ____ 1 w eek ....... . _ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ______ 2 w e e k s _______: ________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s . 3 w e e k s ________________________________ A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : U n d e r 1 w e e k _ ......... ...... 1 w e e k _. . . . . . . O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ... _ 2 w eeks . . . . O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s __________ 3 w eeks _ _ A fte r 4 y ea rs o f s e r v ic e : U n der 1 w eek ....... 1 w eek ....... . . . . O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s _________ _ 2 w e e k s ___ ___ ___ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s __________ 3 w e e k s ... ............. .. A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : U n der 1 w eek ___ _ . 1 w e e k ___ __ __ _________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s _ 2 w e e k s _____ __ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s __________ 3 w e e k s __ A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : U n d e r 1 w e e k _________________________ 1 w e e k __ . .. . . O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ___ 2 w eeks ___ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s __________ 3 w eeks ________ O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s . _ _ A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : U n d e r 1 w e e k _________________________ 1 w e e k __ _ _____ _ . O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s _ _ __ 2 w e e k s ___ _ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s __________ 3 w eeks _ O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s . ___ 4 w eeks . . ...................... S e e fo o t n o t e s at en d o f t a b le . - - _ 1 58 8 8 7 - _ 76 21 3 1 50 7 17 7 _ _ 52 21 28 _ _ 1 51 7 12 9 2 42 9 15 11 _ _ 88 _ _ 31 _ 48 21 1 20 3 47 _ 9 2 18 4 43 _ _ 88 11 _ 1 20 3 45 . 3 7 2 18 4 42 _ 4 9 . _ _ 88 1 20 3 36 . 12 _ 7 2 18 4 34 _ 12 _ _ _ _ 57 _ 32 _ 1 20 3 50 2 7 1 19 3 48 2 5 6 1 19 3 34 2 19 _ 6 - - 10 _ 44 21 25 . 10 _ 23 21 46 _ ; _ 9 _ _ _ - . _ _ 32 4 31 _ _ _ 32 4 23 _ 8 _ _ . 32 4 23 3 16 6 54 8 19 _ _ _ _ 22 (3 ) 39 2 24 8* 21 79 _ _ 100 _ _ _ 100 _ _ _ 16 13 72 _ _ _ 16 13 72 _ _ 43 1 49 45 3 35 1 56 _ 69 5 53 _ 3 45 _ _ 40 1 - 52 _ 30 1 60 45 2 3 53 27 3 66 21 74 5 27 3 66 14 81 5 _ 30 1 48 11 5 30 1 46 10 7 11 61 27 27 3 66 14 56 18 13 _ 30 1 47 30 1 46 61 27 3 64 56 17 17 27 2 31 30 1 47 _ 30 1 45 11 _ 61 27 3 • 59 56 6 11 8 10 27 11 14 _ 6 14 13 18 (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r paid v a c a t io n s a ft e r s e l e c t e d p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , U n ited S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p t e m b e r 1973) R e g io n s U n ited S ta tes 1 V a c a t io n p o l i c y M id d le A tla n tic S tates S ou th ea st N orth C a ro lin a A reas T en n essee H ic k o r y State s v il le , N .C . U n ited S ta tes 1 M id d le A tla n tic A reas S ta tes R e g io n s W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . S o u th ea st P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s N orth C a r o lin a H ic k o r y T e n n e s s e e State s v il le , N .C . W in s to n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C . O ffic e w o r k e r s A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 2— C on tin u ed A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 1 w eek _______ ________ _______ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s _____ 2 w e e k s ___ _ ______ ________ _______ 3 w e e k s ________ _______ _ _ ____ __ O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s _____ __ 4 w e e k s _______ ___________ __ ____ A f t e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 4 1 w eek O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s _______ 2 w eeks ____ ________ ________ 3 w e e k s ______ _ _______ _________ 4 w eek s _ ____________ ________ ___ _ O v e r 4 and u n d e r 5 w e e k s _______ 20 3 34 19 2 6 10 _ 23 46 21 _ 22 3 36 12 _ 7 20 4 34 12 _ 9 _ _ 57 32 _ _ 32 4 23 8 _ 19 6 54 19 _ _ 22 (3 ) 39 26 _ 8 _ _ 16 84 _ _ 30 1 47 6 _ 11 30 1 45 8 _ 10 11 . 61 _ _ 27 27 3 59 6 _ 14 56 13 _ 18 19 4 34 17 8 2 10 _ 23 46 - 1 21 20 4 36 12 7 18 6 34 12 9 _ _ 57 32 _ 32 4 23 8 _ 16 9 54 19 _ 22 (3 ) 39 21 14 _ 16 72 -13 30 1 47 6 11 30 1 45 8 10 11 _ 61 _ 27 27 3 59 6 _ 56 13 18 _ 1 In c lu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 2 V a c a t io n p a y m e n t s , su c h a s p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s , w e r e co n v e r te d to an e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s is . P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b it r a r i ly c h o s e n and e s t a b lis h m e n t p r o v is i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n . F o r e x a m p le , ch a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a t e d at 10 y e a r s m a y in clu d e ch a n g e s in p r o v is i o n s o c c u r r in g b etw een 5 and 3 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . 4 V a c a t io n p r o v is i o n s w e r e v ir t u a l ly the s a m e a ft e r lo n g e r p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u al to ta ls . d o n ot n e c e s s a r i l y 10 y e a r s . 14 _ r e f le c t in d iv id u a l (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith s p e c ifie d hea lth, in s u r a n c e , and r e t ir e m e n t p la n s , U n ited S ta tes , S ta te s R e g io n s T y p e o f p la n 1 U n ite d S ta te s 2 M i d d le A tla n tic S ou th ea st N orth C a r o lin a s e le c t e d r e g i o n s , S ta tes , and a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1973) A reas T enn essee H ic k o r y S ta te s v i l l e , N .C . R e g io n s W in s to n S a le m H ig h P o i n t , N .C . U n it e d S ta te s 2 M id d le A tla n tic S ta te s S ou th ea st A l l w o r k e r s ____________________________ T en n essee W in sto n S a le m H ig h P o in t , N .C . O ffic e w o r k e r s P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L i f e i n s u r a n c e ___________________________ N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s _____________ A c c id e n t a l d ea th and d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e ________ N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s _____________ S ic k n e s s an d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k l e a v e o r b o t h 3______________ S ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e ___________________________ N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s _________ S ic k l e a v e ( f u l l p a y , n o w a i t i n g p e r i o d ) __________________ S ic k l e a v e ( p a r t i a l p a y o r w a i t i n g p e r i o d ) ____________________ H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n i n s u r a n c e ____________ N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s _____________ S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e ___________________ N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s _____________ M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e ______________________ N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s ___________ M a jo r m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e . N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s _____________ R e t i r e m e n t p l a n s 5 ______________________ P e n s i o n s ______________________________ N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s _________ S e v e r a n c e p a y _______________________ N o p l a n s ___________________________________ N o rth C a r o lin a A reas H ic k o r y — S t a te s v ille , N .C . 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 86 80 80 88 87 41 51 85 50 100 56 84 84 86 67 85 41 88 41 89 41 100 43 72 78 57 82 55 58 27 77 77 57 25 62 25 65 35 64 30 50 16 63 40 84 84 57 33 59 31 72 45 62 48 45 26 48 69 47 48 71 22 46 64 100 59 60 77 24 65 48 25 67 67 47 23 48 22 - 46 25 45 26 84 84 37 17 34 22 71 55 11 59 59 9 5 25 7 3 - - - - - 31 79 27 32 19 15 54 100 88 - - - 92 32 92 32 84 32 100 86 67 44 71 31 41 41 35 - 96 27 96 27 85 27 85 27 59 59 27 - - 36 89 48 89 48 69 37 77 44 48 44 25 4 - 55 95 46 95 46 61 - 91 64 91 64 65 39 79 53 64 64 40 - 5 6 22 9 (4 ) 90 38 90 38 64 23 68 29 37 35 26 3 5 100 88 55 36 58 19 72 30 35 35 26 - 89 38 89 38 52 16 73 30 35 35 28 - 6 6 100 55 31 31 42 42 42 - 68 32 71 71 48 - 81 21 81 21 56 18 69 21 38 38 •38 15 21 100 86 67 44 58 29 77 39 45 45 24 - 85 51 85 51 52 31 77 45 48 48 27 - 9 10 100 67 63 63 51 51 51 - 68 32 68 32 48 30 59 32 21 21 21 1 I n c lu d e s p la n s f o r w h ic h the e m p lo y e r p a y s at le a s t p a rt o f the c o s t and e x c lu d e s le g a lly r e q u ir e d p la n s su ch a s w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n and s o c ia l s e c u r i t y ; h o w e v e r , p la n s r e q u ir e d b y State t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i li t y la w s a r e in c lu d e d i f the e m p lo y e r co n t r ib u t e s m o r e than i s le g a lly r e q u ir e d o r the e m p lo y e e r e c e iv e d b e n e fit s in e x c e s s o f th e r e q u ir e m e n t s . " N o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p la n s " in clu d e on ly t h o s e p la n s fin a n c e d e n t ir e ly b y the e m p lo y e r . 2 In c lu d e s da ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d ition to t h o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 U n d u p lic a te d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e and s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 4 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . 5 U n d u p lic a te d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s in plants ha vin g p r o v is io n s fo r p e n s io n s and s e v e r a n c e pay pla n s show n s e p a r a t e ly . (P e r c e n t o f p ro d u ctio n and o ffic e w o rk e rs in m ills with p r o v is io n s fo r fu n era l le a v e pa y, ju ry duty p a y, and te c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e pa y, U nited S ta t e s , s e le c te d r e g io n s , S ta tes, and a r e a s , S ep tem b er 1973) United States 1 M id d le A tla n tic A re a s States R e g io n s Item Southeast N orth C arolin a H ic k o r y State s v ille , N .C . W in sto n S a le m High P oint, N .C . 32 59 11 16 15 25 27 61 8 15 18 25 18 T en n e sse e P ro d u ctio n w o r k e rs W o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts with p r o v is io n s f o r : F u n era l le a v e p a y _____ ______________________ J u ry duty p a y _________________________________ T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e ra n c e pay 2 1 _______________ 19 23 67 46 12 20 10 17 " O ffice w o r k e rs W o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts with p r o v is io n s f o r : F u n e ra l le a v e p a y ____________________________ J u ry duty pay _ ______ _________ T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e pay 2 _______________ 28 28 5 84 72 13 23 7 12 17 10 1 In clu des data fo r reg ion s in addition to th o se show n s e p a ra te ly . 2 P ay to e m p lo y e e s p erm a n en tly separated f r o m the com p a n y a s a r e s u lt o f t e c h n o lo g ic a l change o r plant c lo s in g . Part III. Children's Hosiery Average hourly earnings The 10, 598 production and related workers in children's hosiery m ills av eraged $2.34 an hour in September 1973 (table 38)— 16 percent higher than the 1970 le v e l.13 Women, nearly four-fifths of the work force, averaged $2.21, com pared with $2.80 for men. All but 6 percent of the workers in this hosiery branch were located in the Southeast region, with 56 percent of the total work force in North Carolina. The 5, 897 workers in that State averaged $2.42— 21 cents an hour more than the 2 ,202 workers in Tennessee. In WinstonSalem—High Point, N .C ., the only area studied separately in this branch, pro duction workers hveraged $2.39 (tables 4 4 -4 6 ). Average hourly earnings were higher in metropolitan areas than in nonmetro politan areas ($2.42 compared with $2.31) and in m ills of 250 workers or more ($2.43) than in m ills with 100 to 249 workers ($2.32) or with 20 to 99 workers ($2.30). Virtually all production w o r k e r s earned between $1.60 and $4 an hour; the middle half fell between $1.92 and $2.63 (table 3 9)« Slightly more than onetenth of the workers were paid within 5 cents an hour of $1.80, the minimum wage established by North Carolina just before ,the survey period. O c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n in g s Slightly more than three-fifths of the production workers in the children's ho siery division were in occupations for which earnings data are presented sepa rately in table 40. Averages for these jobs ranged from $3.28 an hour for adjusters and fixers to $1.93 for toe loopers. Toe seam ers, the largest occupational group studied sepa rately, averaged $2.30. Workers in most of the remaining occupations r a n g e d between $2 and $2. 40 an hour. Occupational averages varied little by size of community, but were usually higher in m ills of 250 workers or more 13 Op. cit. , Bulletin 1743, part III. than in smaller m ills, and for incentive workers than for timeworkers (tables 41-4 3). As in the other hosiery branches, earnings were widely dispersed within occupations in the same area. Thus, many workers in jobs with relatively low wage levels (as measured by the average for all workers) earned more than some workers in jobs with significantly higher averages. For example, the following tabulation shows considerable overlapping of earnings for women transfer-machine operators and string knitters in WinstonSalem—High Point, despite a 41-centper-hour difference in average hourly earnings between the two jobs: Transfermachine operators Knitters, string under $2. 0 0 --------------- ------under $2. 40 -------------- -------under $2. 8 0 --------------- ------o v e r --------------------------- -------- 30 13 11 2 20 48 10 Number of workers----------------- -------- 56 78 Average hourly earnings------- ------- $ 2 .1 2 $ 2 .5 3 Earnings $1. $2. $2. $2. 80 00 40 80 and and and and Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Data Were also obtained for produc tion workers on shift differential pro visions and practices and for both pro duction and office employees on work schedules and selected supplementary benefits, including paid holidays, paid vacations, and health, insurance, and retirement plans. Scheduled weekly hours. All pro duct 4 percent of the office workers were in m ills sched uling their employees to work 40 hours per week (table 48). Shift differential p r o v i s i o n s and practices. Most m ills had p r o v i s i o n s covering late shifts for p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s at the t i m e of the s u r v e y , but o n ly about 15 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w e r e a c t u a l ly e m p l o y e d on s e c o n d s h ifts and about 5 p e r c e n t on third s h ifts (ta b le 4 9 ) . P a y d i f f e r e n t i a l s f o r such w o r k u s u a l l y w e r e not p r o v i d e d . P a id h o l i d a y s . A b o u t o n e - h a l f of the p r o d u c t io n and t w o - t h i r d s o f the o ffic e w o r k e r s w e r e in m i l l s g ra n tin g paid h o l i d a y s (ta b le 5 0 ) . T he m o s t c o m m o n p r o v i s i o n s w e r e Z to 5 d a y s fo r p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s and 3 o r 5 d a y s f o r office w orkers. P a id v a c a t i o n s . P a id v a c a t i o n s , a f t e r q u a li fy in g p e r i o d s of s e r v i c e , a p p lie d to s e v e n - t e n t h s o f the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s and f o u r - f i f t h s o f t h e office w o r k e r s (ta b le 5 1 ) . O n e - h a l f o f the p r o d u ction w o r k e r s r e c e i v e d 1 w e e k ' s v a c a tion p a y a f t e r 1 y e a r of s e r v i c e , and t h r e e - t e n t h s w e r e e l i g i b l e f o r at l e a s t 2 w e e k s ' pay after 5 y e a r s . For office w o r k e r s , ty p ic a l p r o v i s i o n s w e r e 1 w e e k a fte r 1 y e a r and 2 w e e k s a f t e r 5 y e a r s . H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and retirem en t p la n s. L ife, h osp italization , and sur gical i n s u r a n c e a p p lie d to about n in e tenths o f the p r o d u c t io n a n d office w o r k e r s (ta b le 5 2 ). A c c i d e n t a l death and d is m e m b er m en t and b a s i c m ed ical a p p lie d to a p p r o x i m a t e l y s e v e n - t e n t h s o f the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ; the p r o p o r t i o n o f o f f i c e w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by t h e s e b e n e fi t s w a s t h r e e - f i f t h s and t h r e e - f o u r t h s , r e sp ectiv ely . About o n e-fou rth of e a c h e m p l o y e e group w a s p r o v i d e d p r o t e c t i o n a g a in s t l o s s of i n c o m e due to i l l n e s s o r accident. M o s t o f the h ea lth and i n s u r a n c e p la n s w e r e fin a n c e d j o i n t ly by e m p l o y e r and e m p l o y e e . R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n p l a n s , in a d d i tion to F e d e r a l s o c i a l ^ se curity , c o v e r e d s l i g h t l y l e s s than o n e - f i f t h o f the p r o d uction w o r k e r s and abou t t w o - f i f t h s o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s . T h e s e p la n s w e r e a l m o s t a lw a y s fin a n c e d w h o l l y b y the e m p lo y er. S e v e r a n c e p a y upon r e t i r e m e n t w a s p r o v i d e d in m i l l s e m p l o y i n g less than o n e - t e n t h o f the w o r k e r s . O th e r s e l e c t e d b en efits. Pay pro v is i o n s fo r fu n e r a l le a v e and j u r y duty w ere a va ilab le, resp ectiv ely , in m i l l s e m p lo y i n g 4 p e r c e n t and 17 p e r c e n t o f the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s , and som ewhat h ig h e r p r o p o r t i o n s o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s (ta b le 5 3 ) . A lth o u g h stu d ie d , no p r o v i s io n s fo r t e c h n o l o g i c a l se v er a n c e pay ( p a y m e n t s to w o r k e r s p e r m a n e n t l y s e p a ra te d f r o m e m p l o y m e n t due to t e c h n o l o g i c a l c h a n g e s o r p la n t c l o s i n g s ) w e r e found in any of the c h i l d r e n ' s h o s i e r y m i l ls visited . Table 3 8 . Children's hosiery mills: by selected characteristics Average hourly earnings (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s b y s e le c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , U n i t e d S t a t e s , S e p t e m b e r 1973 ) U nited States 2 1 Item N um ber of w orkers A verage hou rly earnings A l l p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ___________________________________________ M e n ______________________________________ ___________________________ W o m e n __ +________________________________________________________ 10,598 2 ,3 6 6 8 ,2 3 2 $2.34 2.80 S ize of co m m u n ity : M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s 3 _____________________________________________ N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s __________________________ ________________ 2 ,4 4 3 8 , 155 2.42 2.31 S ize o f e s ta b lis h m e n t: 20—99 w o r k e r s _____________________________________________________ 100—249 w o r k e r s _______________ ______ __________________ ______ 2 50 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ___ _______________________________________ 3 ,2 8 3 4 ,5 0 1 2 ,8 1 4 2.30 2.32 2.43 1 2 3 2 .2 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h ifts . N i n e t y - f o u r p e r c e n t o f t h e w o r k e r s w e r e in t he S o u t h e a s t . S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s as d e f i n e d b y the U .S . O f f i c e o f M a n a g e m e n t and B u d ge t t h r o u g h N o v e m b e r 1972. (P e rc e n t distribution o f production w o r k e r s by a v e ra g e s tr a ig h t-t im e h ou rly ea rn in g s, 1 United S ta t e s, S e p t e m b e r 1973) United Sta te s 2 H ourly e a rn in g s 1 A ll w o r k e rs 0 .1 ( 3) 0 .1 3.6 1.3 0.2 1.0 2 .0 .5 4 .5 1.4 2.5 U nd e r $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $ 1 . 6 0 _________________________________________ and u n d e r $ 1 . 6 5 _____________________________ and u n d e r $ 1 . 7 0 _____________________________ and u n d e r $ 1 . 7 5 __________ -_________________ $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 and and and and and under un d er under under un d er $ 1 . 8 0 _____________________________ $ 1 . 8 5 _____________________________ $ 1 . 9 0 _____________________________ $ 1 . 9 5 _____________________________ $ 2 . 0 0 _____________________________ 1.7 11.3 3.0 4.9 3.4 .8 2.6 .8 $ 2.00 $ 2 .10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 and and and and and under un d er under under under $ 2 . 1 0 _____________________________ $ 2 . 2 0 _____________________________ $ 2 . 3 0 _____________________________ $ 2 . 4 0 _____________________________ $ 2 . 5 0 ------------------- ---------------------- 9.4 7.6 8.7 5 .4 5 .8 4.8 6 .9 3.4 3.5 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 and and and and and un d e r un d er under under under $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2.90 $3.00 5.6 3 .8 3 .4 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 and and and and and un d e r un d er un d er un d er un d er $ 3 . 1 0 _____________________________ $ 3 . 2 0 _____________________________ $ 3 . 3 0 _____________________________ $ 3 , 4 0 _________ ____ _— ---------------$ 3 . 5 0 _____________________________ $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 and and and and and under under under un d er un d er $ 3 . 6 0 _____________________________ $ 3 . 7 0 _____________________________ $ 3 . 8 0 _____________________________ $ 3 . 9 0 _____________________________ $ 4 . 0 0 _____________________________ 1.4 $ 4 . 0 0 and o v e r ______________________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ Women Men 2 .8 2 .2 2.3 2 .1 2.2 1.2 1.3 .8 2 .0 5.1 13.1 3.6 5.5 4.1 6.0 10.3 8.4 9.2 6.0 6 .4 4.9 3.2 4.2 3.6 3.1 5.8 4 .0 3.2 5 .8 5.6 7.7 3.5 4.2 1.2 1.1 2.6 2 .0 .7 .5 .5 .3 .3 1.0 .8 5.0 3.3 3.0 .3 .3 .8 1 .2 1 .2 4.4 .3 .2 .1 .1 T o t a l ____________________________________________ 100.0 10 0.0 10 0.0 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ________________________________ 10,598 2 ,366 8 , 232 A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 _________________________ $2.34 $2.80 $ 2 .2 1 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , 2 N i n e t y - f o u r p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w e r e in t he S o u t h e a s t . 3 L e s s than 0.0 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B eca u se of rounding, holidays, s u m s o f i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s m a y not e q u a l 100. and late shifts. ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly - e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s * S e p te m b e r 1973) U n it e d S t a t e s * U n it e d S t a t e s 1 23 O c c u p a t io n an d s e x N um ber of w ork ers H o u r ly e a r n in g s 3 M ean M e d ia n M id d le ra n g e P la n t o c c u p a t i o n s K n it t in g : A d j u s t e r s a n d f i x e r s , k n it t in g m a c h i n e s (9 6 2 m e n , 2 w o m e n ) 4 __ _ _ „ S e a m le s s , f u l l - o r k n e e - le n g t h ( a ll m e n ) S e a m l e s s , h a l f - h o s e (6 9 6 m e n , 2 w o m e n ) ______________ K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic _ ____ M en , _ ......... . . W om en . K n it t e r s , r ib __ ___ . _ ... _ M en _ . W om en ... _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ ___ K n it t e r s * s t r i n g . ...‘ . M e n __________________________________________________ _______ W o m e n ________________________________________________________ B o a r d in g an d p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic ____ _ M en ... __ ... ... _ _ ... . _ W om en _ ........ ... B o a r d e r s , o t h e r th a n a u t o m a t i c ( 1 4 m e n , 247 w om en ) __ _ _ _ P r e b o a r d e r s (a ll w om en ) M is c e lla n e o u s : L o o p e r s . to e (a ll w om en ) .... _ . S e a m e r s . to e (a ll w om en ) _ .. .......... E x a m i n e r s ( h o s i e r y i n s p e c t o r s ) ( a l l w o m e n ) ___ G r e y ( g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s _____________________________________ F in is h e d e x a m in e r s ................................ D y e in g -m a c h in e te n d e r s (1 6 7 m e n , 3 w o m e n ) _____ M e n d e r s , h a n d , fin is h fa ll w o m e n ) M e n d e r s , h a n d , g r e y (a ll w o m e n ) P a ir e r s (a ll w om en ) 4 S t o c k in g s T r a n s fe r -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s (a ll w om en ) . . . _ _ ___ R e p a i r m e n , s e w i n g m a c h in e ( a l l m e n ) F o ld e r s (a ll w om en ) B o x e r s (a ll w om en ) ____ _ F o ld e r s an d b o x e r s fa ll w o m e n ) B a g g e r s fa ll w om en ) . 964 93 698 929 21 908 28 19 9 343 14 329 $ 3 .2 8 3 .3 2 3 .2 6 2 .3 6 1 .9 0 2 .3 7 2 .1 1 2 .1 7 1 .9 7 2 .3 7 2 .1 5 2 .3 8 $ 3 .2 5 3 .3 5 3 .2 5 2 .3 3 1 .8 0 2 .3 3 2 .1 0 2 .1 0 - $ 3 .0 0 -$ 3 .5 5 3 . 2 0 - 3 .5 0 3 . 0 0 - 3 .5 5 2 . 0 6 - 2 .5 9 1 . 8 0 - 1 .9 5 2 . 0 8 - 2 .6 0 2 . 0 0 - 2 .1 5 2 . 1 0 - 2 .2 0 2 .3 9 2 .4 0 2 . 0 4 - 2 .6 4 - 677 50 627 2 .1 3 2 .1 2 2 .1 3 2 .0 1 1 .9 5 2 .0 1 1 . 8 0 - 2 .3 6 1 . 8 0 - 2 .2 6 1 . 8 0 - 2 .3 7 261 74 2 .0 9 2 .1 4 1 .9 9 2 .1 0 1 . 8 0 - 2 .3 2 1 . 9 5 - 2 .2 4 23 1 , 1 07 330 315 15 170 24 59 486 433 152 26 170 82 454 71 1 .9 3 2 .3 0 2 .1 9 2 .2 0 2 .0 2 2 .4 5 2 .0 1 1 .9 7 2 .3 0 2 .3 2 2 .1 4 3 .1 2 2 .0 3 2 .0 4 2 .1 5 2 .2 4 1 .8 8 2 .2 5 2 .0 7 2 .0 7 2 .0 3 2 .5 0 1 .9 0 1 .8 0 2 .2 0 2 .2 5 1 .9 5 3 .0 0 1 .9 0 1 .9 0 2 .0 8 2 .0 8 1 .7 3 1 .9 3 1 .8 5 1 .8 5 1 .9 3 2 .2 0 1 .8 3 1 .8 0 1 .8 5 1 .8 5 1 .8 9 2 .8 8 1 .8 0 1 .8 0 1 .8 4 1 .9 2 - 31 6 2 .3 1 2 .9 2 2 .3 0 2 . 1 8 - 2 .5 0 - 2 . 0 9 - 2 .6 6 1 .9 9 2 .5 7 2 .4 8 2 .5 0 2 .1 2 2 .7 0 2 .1 6 2 .1 3 2 .6 0 2 .6 2 2 .4 3 3 .2 5 2 .2 8 2 .2 1 2 .4 0 2 .4 0 O ffic e o c c u p a t io n s 5 C le r k s p a y r o ll _ .... ....... __ .. S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ______________________________________________ w ere 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r 2 N i n e t y -fo u r p e r c e n t o f th e 3 S e e a p p e n d ix A f o r m e t h o d not co m p u te d fo r o c c u p a t io n s 4 I n c lu d e s da ta fo r w o r k e r s 5 A ll w o r k e r s w e re w o m e n . o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a n d la t e s h i f t s . w o r k e r s w e r e in t h e S o u t h e a s t . u s e d in c o m p u t i n g m e a n s , m e d i a n s , a n d m i d d l e r a n g e s o f e a r n i n g s . w it h f e w e r th a n 15 w o r k e r s . in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . M e d ia n s a n d m i d d l e ra n g es United S t a t e s 2 M etropolitan a rea s N onm etropolita n area s O c c u p a t i o n and s e x Number of w orkers Average hourly earnings Number of w orkers 24 4 $3.45 3 .6 3 718 575 $3.23 3 .18 8 2 .4 3 3 .2 4 127 18 2 .46 3.07 189 97 2 .4 0 2 .6 3 719 232 2.36 2 .2 8 148 61 2 .27 2 .1 3 479 186 70 2 .0 9 256 43 43 2 .3 6 9 95 91 29 2 .1 8 2 .2 9 2 .3 2 2 .1 9 12 2.00 145 15 2 .1 6 1.95 851 287 272 15 50 391 342 123 170 70 309 56 • Average hourly earnings Men K n it t i n g : A d j u s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting m a c h i n e s 3 Spam less, half-hnse . _ _ M iscella n eou s: D y e i n g - m a c h i n e t e n d e r s , .... . . . R e p a i r m e n , s e w i n g m a c h i n e ... ... _ _ ..... _ ...... _ ..... ... 121 40 _ . . ... . .. Women K n it t i n g : K n itters, automatic . _ .......... _ . ..... _ ........... K n i t t e r s , s t r i n g ________________________________________________ B o a r d i n g and p r e b o a r d i n g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c _________________________________________ B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u t o m a t i c Preboarders . .... . ... _ ......... M iscella n eou s: S e a m e r s , toe , .......... ... ... _ _ E xam in ers (h osiery) in sp ectors G r e y (greig e) e x a m in ers . Finished e x a m in e rs ............................. ... ......... M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y , ...... ............ ........... . _. P airers 3 S t o c k i n g s ......................... _ T ra n sfer-m achine operators __ _ _. F olders ___ _ B oxers ............ _. _ F o l d e r s and b o x e r s ..................... ......... _ Baggers ......... . .................. 2 .0 2 2 .0 2 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pa y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h i f t s . 2 N i n e t y - f o u r p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w e r e in the S o u t h e a s t . 3 I n c l u d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d it i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2.10 2 .12 2 .2 8 2.22 2.2 3 2 .0 2 1.93 2.3 0 2.32 2.1 3 2.03 2 .0 4 2.15 2.32 United States 2 1 Es ta bl is hm e nt s having— Occupation and sex 20—99 w o r k e r s Num be r of workers 100—249 w o r k e r s 250 w o r k e r s or m o r e Num ber of workers Average hou rly earnings $3.21 3.17 279 196 $3.42 3.38 12 1.93 2.39 3.14 50 9 2.54 3.10 430 81 2.37 2.40 192 116 2.43 2.58 242 131 2.05 1.95 161 - 2.13 - 2.31 287 39 39 9 138 127 24 173 2.34 2.13 2.13 2.18 2.48 2.47 2.51 - Average h o u rl y ea rnings Num be r of workers 201 $3.25 3.28 394 299 26 55 - 2.14 2.44 - 11 62 286 132 2.33 Average ho u rly earnin gs Men Knitting: A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , knitting mach ines 3 ____________ _ S e a m l e s s , h a l f - h o s e ____________ _____________ __________ B oar din g and p re bo ard ing : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c _________________________ __________ D y e i n g - m a c h i n e tenders __________________________________ R e p a i r m e n , sewing m ac hi ne __________________ __________ 289 Women Knitting: K n itt er s, a u t o m a t i c _______________ ___________________ K n itt er s , string _____________ ______ _______________________ B oar din g and pre bo ar di ng: B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c _____________________________________ B o a r d e r s , other than a u t o m a t i c __________________________ M iscella neou s: S e a m e r s , t o e_______________________ _________________ _____ E x a m in e r s ( h o s i e r y in s p e ct or s) 3 _______________ ________ G r e y (g r e ig e ) e x a m i n e r s ____________________________ __ M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y ________________________________ ____ P a i r e r s 3 __________________ _________________________ ______ S t o c k i n g s ________________________ _______ _____________ T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ____________________________ _ F o l d e r s _________________________ ____________ _______ B o x e r s __________________________ __________________________ _ F o l d e r s and b o x e r s ________________ _______________________ B a g g e r s --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- 2.20 2.21 224 71 2.30 356 145 140 16 156 152 2.25 2.28 2.29 1.99 2.31 2.33 68 2.02 117 54 95 24 2.04 1.99 2.28 1.98 464 146 136 34 192 154 60 48 2.12 2.14 1.90 2.15 2-19 2.13 2.03 22 2 .12 186 30 2.03 2.49 1 E xc lu d es p re m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r wo r k on we e ke n d s, h o li d a ys , and late shifts. 2 N in e ty -f o ur percent of the w o r k e r s w e r e in the Southeast. 3 Includes data for w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n in addition to th ose shown s ep a ra t e ly . 2 .2 1 ~ U n ited S t a t e s 2 I n c e n tiv e w o r k e r s T im e w o r k e r s O c c u p a tio n and s e x N um ber of w ork ers A verag e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 912 $ 3 .2 4 158 26 2 .4 3 3 .1 2 133 - 2 .2 1 N um ber of w ork ers A vera g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s M en K n ittin g : A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s ______________ _ M i s c e l la n e o u s : D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s __ _ __ ____________________ R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a c h in e ____________________________ _ W om en K n ittin g : K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic ____________________________________ ___ K n it t e r s , s tr in g ___________________ _________ _________ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g : B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c ______ ______________________________ _ B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u to m a tic _________________________ P r e b o a r d e r s — --------------------------------------------------------------------------M i s c e l la n e o u s : S e a m e r s , t o e ______________________________________________ E x a m in e r s ( h o s i e r y i n s p e c t o r s ) 3 _____________________ _ G r e y (g r e ig e ) e x a m i n e r s ___________________ __ ____ _ M e n d e r s , h and, fin is h _ _______ _ ___________________ M e n d e r s , h and, g r e y _______________________________________ P a i r e r s ____ ____________________________ ------------- T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ______ ______ _____ ___ __ B o x e r s _____ _____ ________ — ---- --------------—-------F o l d e r s and b o x e r s ___________________________________________ - - - - - - - - 30 26 9 28 25 34 17 1.95 1.97 1.86 1 .8 9 2 .1 1 1 .9 4 2 .0 8 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h if t s . 2 N in e t y -fo u r p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w e r e in th e S o u th e a st. 3 I n c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 775 321 $ 2 .4 0 2 .3 9 627 247 74 2 .1 3 2 .1 1 2 .1 4 1, 107 300 289 15 31 461 118 65 444 2 .3 0 2 .2 2 2 .2 2 2 .0 9 2 .0 3 2 .31 2 .1 9 2 .0 3 2 .1 6 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Average $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 . 3b hourly and earning? 1 and under O c c u p a t io n a n d s e x Number of A l l p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ________________________ M e n _____________________________________________ W om en. 5, 897 1 ,4 0 4 4 ,4 9 3 $ 2 .4 2 2 .8 4 2 .2 9 2 1133 105 1028 3 38 41 297 5 04 57 447 436 53 383 5 21 106 415 334 44 2 90 374 47 32 7 421 88 333 266 56 210 2 62 61 201 225 63 162 1 50 56 94 1 63 86 77 163 97 66 125 575 5 25 464 414 21 3 .2 9 3 .2 1 3 .3 3 3 .2 2 1 .9 0 , 13 6 3 3 3 3 - - 3 3 3 3 - 5 5 5 5 - 10 10 10 10 2 16 16 10 10 17 17 11 11 18 18 15 15 23 23 20 20 28 28 24 24 58 56 56 54 7 2 .2 6 " 3 - " 2 2 “ 39 2 .0 7 17 4 2 6 3 1 1 " 4 - 85 2 .5 2 - - - 3 16 10 1 6 6 10 17 3 .1 3 - 1 5 570 88 482 2 .4 6 2 .2 6 2 .4 9 45 - 35 31 - 19 16 - - - - 45 35 31 19 16 3 180 2 .5 9 8 14 9 3. 2 2 72 132 699 179 164 173 158 14 40 14 26 224 215 208 199 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 91 34 83 50 33 70 43 27 82 66 16 72 53 19 57 50 7 17 10 7 23 21 2 30 20 10 75 74 44 43 60 60 40 40 40 40 23 23 32 30 18 16 52 51 49 48 26 24 26 24 43 38 41 36 7, 4 7 4 15 12 15 12 11 8 11 8 1 - " - - - - - - 1 3 _ 1 _ 1 2 2 - 2 2 - " 2 - - 3 11 1 _ 14 _ 6 2 - 11 1 14 _ _ 6 2 _ _ 7 1 5 - - _ 11 7 4 over 3 2 1 34 31 3 24 5 24 5 S e le c te d p r o d u c tio n o c c u p a tio n s — m e n K n it t i n g A d j u s t e r s a n d f i x e r s , m a c h i n e 3___________ T i m e ________________________________________ S e a m l e s s , h a l f - h o s e _ ____________________ T i m e ________________________________________ K n i t t e r s , a u t o m a t i c 4 b / _______________________ K n it t e r s , s t r in g ( a l l in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _________________________________________ 7 _ 2 _ 7 2 - - - 1 - - 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - 3 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B o a r d in g a n d p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ______________________________________ . M is c e lla n e o u s D y e i n g - m a c h i n e t e n d e r s 4 a / ------------ ---------R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a c h in e ( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) --------------------------------------------- “ - 58 6 6 53 23 30 3 9 2 .2 2 77 2 .2 5 37 2 .3 2 2 .2 8 2 .2 9 2 .2 8 2 .3 0 2 .0 0 1 .9 4 1 .8 6 1 .9 8 2 .4 3 2 .4 3 2 .4 7 2 .4 6 159 38 38 38 38 4 27 12 15 48 48 46 46 27 - " - 33 . 15 18 74 12 62 40 1 39 39 39 81 37 44 4 14 12 14 26 21 11 17 22 21 43 10 18 12 19 18 15 I 6 3 3 - 1 2 1 _ 11 21 3 9 4 15 4 5 5 5 5 - 4 2 2 - - - 56 13 13 10 10 5 59 11 11 8 8 - 50 8 8 8 8 2 2 2 8 5 35 19 19 19 19 1 - 48 15 12 15 12 1 - 68 14 14 14 14 38 2 2 2 2 41 8 8 8 8 27 12 12 12 12 16 2 2 2 2 19 - 13 8 8 8 8 10 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ 1 1 9 9 46 27 15 27 15 1 11 11 4 4 7 7 5 5 8 5 4 4 25 25 25 25 1 24 21 24 21 1 13 13 13 13 S e le c te d p r o d u c tio n o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n K n it t i n g K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ---------------------------------------T i m e -------------------------------------------------------------I n c e n t i v e ----------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , s t r in g ( a l l in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _____________________________________ 58 _ 3 _ _ B o a r d in g a n d p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ---------------------------------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r th a n a u to m a tic ( a l l i n c e n t i v e w o r k e r s ) ______________ _______ - M is c e lla n e o u s S e a m e r s , t o e ( a l l i n c e n t i v e w o r k e r s ) ___ E x a p n i n e r s ( h o s i e r y i n s p e c t o r s ) 3---------------I n c e n t i v e ----------------------------------------------------G r e y ( g r e i g e ) e x a m i n e r s ______________ __ I n c e n t i v e --------------------------------------------------M e n d e r s , h a n d , f i n i s h 4 b / ____ _____________ M e n d e r s , h a n d , g r e y ---------_---------------------------T i m e ---------- --------------------------------------------I n c e n t i v e ________________ __________ ___ P a i r e r s 3______________________________ _____ . . . I n c e n t i v e ___ ______________________ _______ S t o c k i n g s _ ------------------- __ -----------------In c e n tiv e „ ---------------------------------------------- S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b le . 9 9 22 22 16 16 - - _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 16 16 16 14 11 14 11 1 1 1 1 2 7 2 2 2 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 4 7 4 4 4 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 _ 4 _ 4 4 4 _ - 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ __ - 2 2 2 2 (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , S e p t e m b e r 1973) 1 4 3 2 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of worker* O c c u p a t io n and s e x Average hourly earnings j $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $ 2.30 $2.40 $ 2.50 $2.$0 $ 2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $ 3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 and and und er $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $ 2.4 0 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $ 3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.4 0 $3.50 $3.60 $3.7 0 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 o v e r S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — w o m e n — C on tin u ed M i s c e ll a n e b u s — C on tin u ed T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ____ ... _ I n c e n t iv e -----------F o l d e r s _____________________________ I n c e n t iv e ___________________________ B o x e r s _______________________________ _____ I n c e n t iv e .. _________ ... ___ F o ld e r s and b o x e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ____________________________ ____ ------ ------.. 84 74 91 76 54 46 $2.1 6 2 .2 0 2 .1 3 2 .1 8 2 .02 2 .0 4 29 29 28 28 26 26 12 2 20 5 7 2 2 2 3 - 2 2 8 8 6 6 3 3 10 10 5 5 6 6 5 5 1 1 14 14 - 8 8 5 5 - 2 2 5 5 1 1 2 2 10 10 - 4 4 5 5 - - - - - 2 62 2 .2 5 55 7 54 16 31 14 30 13 11 4 9 2 3 7 ' 2 19 2 .3 2 ■ “ 2 3 2 5 3 - - - - 4 S e le c t e d o f f i c e o c c u p a t io n s — w o m e n C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ________________ _____ _.. 4 ' 1 2 3 4 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . In c lu d e s 24 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1 .8 0 in o t h e r than o c c u p a t io n s show n. In c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p u b lic a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s by m eth od o f w age p a y m en t; (a ) p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , o r (b) p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . - - - - - " " - - _ - NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of O c c u p a t io n and s e x $ 1.60 $1.70 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.9 0 $ 2.00 $2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $ 3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 hourly and earning* 1 unde i and $ 1.70 $1.80 $1.9 0 $ 2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $ 3.40 $ 3.50 $3.60 $ 3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 o v e r A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s _______ _ M en ___________________________ W om en . . . ____ ________ 1, 788 $2.21 2 .7 7 2 .0 8 222 16 2 206 181 15 166 206 15 191 314 17 297 237 29 208 195 31 164 193 27 166 98 16 82 117 10 107 72 12 60 45 3 42 29 9 20 23 8 15 32 7 25 19 14 5 17 10 7 47 45 2 16 11 5 42 33 9 40 36 4 23 21 2 17 15 2 7 7 - 7 5 2 3 2 1 194 99 3.33 3.26 - - - - - 2 2 7 6 1 1 1 1 3 2 - 3 3 4 3 - - - 10 7 8 2 43 12 9 8 24 21 34 9 21 12 14 8 7 1 3 1 - 56 2 .3 4 - 2 3 5 9 7 3 2 6 3 - 6 3 3 2 - - 2 - - - - - - 200 45 155 2 .1 7 2.12 2 .1 9 9 9 24 14 10 12 12 20 6 14 16 16 17 17 21 21 22 22 39 25 14 8 8 4 4 1 1 2 2 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ - - - - 1 - - - - 173 2 .0 4 21 16 32 37 14 16 7 7 5 6 3 1 - 3 _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 2 _ 71 1.84 20 10 14 13 6 3 3 1 1 194 67 11 56 63 56 6 9 2.25 1.91 1.81 1.93 1.91 1.93 1.90 1.87 17 6 6 13 4 9 13 9 2 17 19 2 17 17 17 5 12 12 5 7 10 7 2 1 15 6 12 5 49 3 7 12 6 6 6 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 3 3 3 . - . - 114 29 15 2 .1 9 2 .05 2 .1 9 11 2 2 13 1 1 5 1 1 9 16 2 15 3 3 8 - 12 - 9 1 1 9 1 1 6 2 2 3 1 1 168 16 2.01 2 .02 41 - 8 - 28 3 5 3 43 8 7 - 5 - 4 - 13 2 7 - 9 2 .2 3 - - 3 - 4 - - - 2,202 414 S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — m e n K n ittin g A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k nitting m a c h in e s (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) 3 . . . . . . . . S e a m le s s , h a l f - h o s e _______ ______ _ .. _ M i s c e ll a n e o u s D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s 4 a / _ _ . __ _ S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — w o m e n K n ittin g K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c _________________ _______ T im e __________________ _______ _. . . . . I n c e n t iv e .. ___________________ ‘ _ _ - - B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _. _____________________ _______ B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u to m a tic ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ___ _ ___ . . . . . 1 - M i s c e ll a n e o u s S e a m e r s , t o e (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) . .. F .v a m in p rs fh n s ie r y in s p e c t o r s ) 3 T i m e ___________________________________ I n ce n tiv e . . . ___ _______________________ G r e y (g r e ig e ) e x a m i n e r s ________ . . . . I n c e n t i v e . . _______________________ _ _ M e n d e r s , h a n d, fin is h 4a / _________________ M e n d e r s , h a n d, p r ey 4 a / P a i r e r s , s t o c k in g s ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ________________ __ ____ _____ _ T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s __________ I n c e n t iv e .. . . . . . . __ ___ ___________ F o ld e r s and b o x e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) . . ------- ---------- --------- ------------B a g g e r s 4b / ________________ __________ . . . 6 6 6 1 - - 10 3 3 3 3 17 6 3 3 _ 5 _ 2 . - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ ------------------ 5 _ - 3 - 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 1 - 2 - 2 - _ - 1 - 1 1 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w ork on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . 2 In c lu d e s 2 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1.60 in oth e r than o c c u p a tio n s sh ow n . 3 I n c lu d e s da ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i fic a t i o n in a d d ition to th o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . 4 I n s u ff ic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p u b lica tio n of se p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w ag e p a y m e n t; (a) p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , _ _ _ _ 1 2 _ _ . 1 - _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - S e le c t e d o f f i c e o c c u p a t io n s — -w o m e n C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ----------------------- _ o r (b) p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . - _ _ - - NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a tio n and s e x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s . ................. ....... M en ___________________ _ __ _____________ W om en. _ _ . _ ........ Number of hourly earnings 2 3 ,3 3 5 817 2, 518 $ 2 .3 9 2 .76 2 .2 7 306 253 3 .1 2 3 .1 4 36 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4.2 0 U nder and and $ 1 .8 0 under $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 £ M o $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 o v e r 2 2 4 2 2 3 3 - - - - " - - 3 3 - - - - - “ - “ - - - 289 60 229 217 35 182 238 29 209 249 48 201 157 39 118 132 42 90 117 45 72 82 41 41 105 59 46 96 60 36 67 55 12 43 26 17 31 20 11 41 33 8 38 29 9 24 18 6 9 5 4 8 8 _ - - " 2 2 7 7 13 7 14 8 15 12 17 14 28 24 40 40 50 35 29 27 24 17 10 6 25 22 14 14 11 11 2 2 2 , 2 6 3 1 1 - " 1 - “ - - 3 7 9 1 12 593 48 545 216 23 193 297 37 260 - - - - - - - - 2 .0 9 - 14 4 2 40 2.41 - - - - 14 3 .0 4 357 290 2 .4 4 2 .4 8 78 2 .5 3 - " - 148 2 .1 2 - 49 13 15 105 2 .2 2 - 28 11 18 4 54 2 .3 1 _ 100 34 46 7 134 118 56 46 51 2 .2 1 1.91 2 .4 4 2 .5 0 2 .1 2 2 .1 7 1.86 - 4 4 5 3 12 2 20 - - - 11 2 26 24 18 18 28 10 4 2 2 - 19 13 2 2 3 181 2 .3 7 " 15 7 24 13 9 5 4 255 39 216 16 11 5 S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s -—m e n K n ittin g A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s (a ll t im e w o r k e r s i 3 _ S e a m le s s , h a l f - h o s e _____ ______ _ __ B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ----------------------------------- 4 - M i s c e ll a n e o u s D y e in g -m a c h in e t e n d e r s (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s )---------- --------------- -------R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a c h in e 6 2 1 5 2 2 18 18 16 16 15 15 15 15 2 2 S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s — w o m e n K n ittin g K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t ic _________________________ I n c e n t i v e ------ ---- -----------— -----K n it t e r s , s t r in g (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ________________________ — -------- _ - 34 34 6 6 - _ - - 3 3 5 5 1 1 2 2 - “ " " 3 - - - - - - - 26 11 29 29 22 22 23 23 67 35 30 30 6 2 12 26 14 8 “ 4 3 27 9 12 9 4 - 3 - 4 - 3 3 9 4 10 4 5 5 - " 4 38 40 29 26 28 40 23 35 22 5 16 1 7 5 1 5 5 3 3 9 4 2 - - - - 2 - - - - 4 4 6 6 17 17 5 5 7 7 2 2 11 11 2 2 4 4 2 2 6 6 2 2 - 1 1 1 1 31 14 30 13 8 4 4 2 3 7 40 20 2 2 B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ________ — ----------------B o a r d e r s , o t h e r than a u to m a tic (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) -------------------------------------- - - 2 2 9 2 2 - 1 3 - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - 3 3 7 7 1 1 - 1 1 - - - 4 4 - - - - 2 “ “ 4 ~ ' M i s c e lla n e o u s S e a m e r s , t o e (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) -----E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( g r e i g e ) ( h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s ) (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) -------M e n d e r s , hand, fin is h ^ _ a /-------------------------P a i r e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) 3 ------------S t o c k in g s ___________________________________________ T r a n s f e r - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ---------------------I n c e n t i v e ______ _ . r - ,, F o ld e r s 4 b / ___________________________________ F o l d e r s and b o x e r s (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ------------- — —------------ , , - - - " 1 T he W in s t o n -S a le m —H igh P o in t a r e a c o n s is t s o f A la m a n c e , D a v id so n , F o r s y t h , G u ilfo r d , R a n d olp h , and S u rr y C o u n tie s. 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . In c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te ly . 4 I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p u b lic a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s by m eth od o f w age p a y m e n t; (a) p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s , o r (b) p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . 1 - 2 2 " - ' ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s by m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t, U n ited S t a te s , s e l e c t e d S t a te s , and a r e a , S e p t e m b e r 1973) S ta te s U n ited S ta te s2 M eth od o f w a g e p a y m e n t 1 N o rth C a r o lin a A rea W in s t o n S a le m H ig h P o in t , N .C . T en n essee A l l w o r k e r s ............................................. ...................... ........................ 100 100 100 100 T i m e - r a t e d w o r k e r s .................................................................................... F o r m a l p la n s .............................................................. .............................. S in g le r a t e ______________________ ___________________________ R a n g e o f r a t e s ________ _________ ___________________________ I n d iv id u a l r a t e s .................................................... .................................... 35 2 33 1 37 6 34 _ n - 2 32 I n c e n t iv e w o r k e r s _________________________________________________ In d iv id u a l p i e c e w o r k ______________ ___________________________ In d iv id u a l b o n u s _______________ _______________________________ 65 65 1 - - 1 32 6 31 34 67 66 1 63 63 66 66 - 1 F o r d e fin it io n o f w a g e p a y m e n t, s e e a p p e n d ix A , 2 N in e t y -fo u r p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w e r e in the S o u th e a s t. 3 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: Table 48. B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g, s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n ot e q u a l t o t a l s . Children's hosiery mills: Scheduled weekly hours (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s b y s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s , 1 s e l e c t e d S t a te s , and a r e a , S e p t e m b e r 1973) Sta te s W e e k ly h ou r3 1 U n ited S ta te s 2 N orth C a r o lin a A rea T en n essee W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t , _____N .C .______ S ta tes U n ited S ta te s2 P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s _______ ____________________________ ................ .. ..... 30 h o u r s _ ............... 36 h o u r s ........................................... . __ 37V2 h o u r s __________________________________________ 383A h o u r s _ ... . . . _ . 4 0 h o u r s ........... ..................................................... ................. 100 _ _ 100 100 _ _ 100 100 _ _ 100 1 D ata r e la t e to p r e d o m in a n t w o rk s c h e d u le o f f u l l- t im e w o r k e r s in e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t . 2 N i n e t y -fo u r p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w e r e in the S o u th e a st. 3 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . | NOTE: B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l 100. N o r th C a r o lin a A rea T en n essee W in sto n S a le m H ig h P o in t , _____N .C .______ O ffic e w o r k e r s 100 _ _ 100 100 100 3 6 <*> 2 1 94 100 100 2 _ 3 90 _ _ 100 _ 98 (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s b y sh ift d i ff e r e n t ia l p r o v i s i o n s 1 and p r a c t ic e s , United S ta te s , s e l e c t e d S ta tes , and a r e a , S e p te m b e r 1973) A rea S tates Sin ft d i ff e r e n t ia l United States 2 N orth C a ro lin a T en n essee W in sto n S a le m High P o in t, N .C . S tates Shift d iff e r e n t ia l S e co n d sh ift S econ d sh ift W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s having s e c o n d -s h if t p r o v i s i o n s __ __ _ _ ____ _____ ____ W ith sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l _____ __ ______________ U n ifo r m c e n t s - p e r - h o u r ___ _ _ __ 5 c e n t s ______ ____ _ __ _________ ______ 10 ce n t s 1 2 1/, c e n t s . .................... U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e ___ _ ________ 3 p ercen t 4 percen t 9 percen t 10 p e r c e n t __________________ _____________ Ot h er W ith no d i f f e r e n t i a l ___________________ _________ W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on s e c o n d s h i f t _____________ R e c e iv in g sh ift d iff e r e n t ia l U n iform c e n t s - p e r - h o u r _______ ________ _ 5 cen ts 10 c e n ts 1 2 1/? ce n t s U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e 3 p e r c e n t ............................ 4 p ercen t 5 p ercen t 10 p e r c e n t _ O th er R e c e iv in g no sh ift d iff e r e n t ia l 94.1 31.1 10.6 6.1 91.6 21.8 2.8 2.9 1.6 2.8 15.5 15.6 _ 1.6 2.1 8.7 3.1 5.1 6 2 .9 93.9 42.2 34.6 29.3 5.3 7.6 7.6 9 5 .8 32.6 4 .9 4 .9 2 7.6 _ 2 7.6 15.6 3.4 _ _ _ 69.8 51.7 6 3.2 7 0 .8 39.5 10.5 4 .4 4.2 1.8 68.3 2 3.4 _ _ U niform pe rc e n ta ge 19.1 15.6 5 p e r c e n t . __ 1.6 2.1 11.8 15.6 ______ _______ ____ ________ 7 nerrent i 0 pe rr ent 1 5 p e r c e n t ________________________________ O t h e r ___ ______________________________________ W ith no sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l ______________________ 3.6 9.9 31.3 7.8 4 4 .9 88.6 62.8 29.3 20.4 8.9 25.1 7.6 7 3.5 2 7.6 _ _ 2 7.6 2 7 .6 17.5 8.4 25.9 4 5 .9 W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on t h ir d o r o th e r la te s h i f t __________________________________________ R e c e iv in g sh ift d iffe r e n t ia l U n ifo r m c e n t s - p e r - h o u r _ 5 c e n t s .......... 10 ce n t s __________________________________ 12 c e n ts U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e 5 p e r c e n t _________________________________ 7 p ercen t . 10 p e r c e n t 15 p e r c e n t _______________________________ O th er _ ........................................ ....................... R e c e iv in g n o sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l _______________ 1 R e f e r s to p o l i c i e s o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s e it h e r c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g la te s h ift s o r h a vin g p r o v is i o n s c o v e r i n g la te s h ift s . 2 N in e t y -fo u r p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w e r e in the S ou th ea st. NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u a l to t a ls . 14.5 5.5 1.7 .9 .5 .3 2 .9 . N orth C a r o lin a 14.5 4.1 .5 .5 3.0 13.0 6.4 5.2 4 .3 1.1 1.1 3.0 .6 .9 9.0 T en n essee 14.4 6.1 .9 .9 .2 .5 1.7 A rea W in ston S a le m High P oin t, N .C . .6 .9 5.2 5.2 _ _ 10.4 6.7 8.2 4 .9 1.5 5.5 2 .9 2.5 2 .1 _ 1.8 _ T h ir d o r o th e r la te sh ift T h ir d o r o t h e r la te sh ift W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s ha vin g th ir d o r o t h e r la te sh ift p r o v i s i o n s ____________ With sh ift d iff e r e n t ia l U n ifo r m r ent s - p e r - h nil r 5 c e n t s ___ _______ ___ __ _____ ___ _ 10 c e n t s _ ______ ____ _ __________________ 12 r e n t s ...... U n ited S ta tes 2 4 .4 2.0 •6 ( 3) .4 .2 _ .7 5.2 _ 1.2 _ 2.1 .7 1.2 _ 2 .1 .5 2 .4 .4 3.3 .4 .9 .2 2.6 3.1 ( P e r c e n t o f production and o f f i c e w o r k e rs in m i l l s with f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r paid hol id a ys , United States, s e le c t e d States, and a re a , September 1973) S ta te s U n it e d S ta te s 1 N u m b e r o f p a id h o lid a y s N orth C a r o lin a A rea T en n essee W in s to n S a le m — H ig h P o i n t , N .C . P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s ______________________________ ________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a i d h o l i d a y s ___________________________________________ 2 d a y s __________________________________________________ 3 days . _ _ _ 4 d a y s _____________________________________________ —— 5 d a y s ________________________________________________ 5 d a y s p l u s 1 h a l f d a y ____________________________ 6 d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------7 d a y s __________________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a i d h o l i d a y s _______________________________________ 1 B eca us e o f rounding, N orth C a r o lin a T en n essee W in s to n S a le m H ig h P o i n t , N .C . O ffic e w o r k e r s 100 100 1 00 100 100 100 100 1 00 49 12 11 71 24 40 34 67 10 14 9 8 3 6 37 3 19 5 6 3 - 17 24 5 - - 86 12 4 6 43 5 1 15 60 4 31 15 6 - 9 14 2 1 17 48 3 25 11 4 1 5 51 63 29 60 33 52 14 40 - N in et y-f ou r p er ce n t of the w o r k e r s w e r e in the Southeast. NO TE : A rea S ta te s U n it e d S ta te s 1 sum s o f individual i te m s m a y not equal to ta ls. - - 2 8 ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c ti o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s iri m ill s with f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r paid va ca ti ons af ter s e le c t e d p e r i o d s of s e r v i c e , United Sta te s, s e l e c t e d States, and a r e a , Se pte m be r 1973) V a ca tion p o lic y N orth C a ro lin a T e n n e ss e e W in sto n S a le m High P oin t, N .C . United States 1 N orth C a ro lin a T e n n e ss e e W instonS a le m High P oint, N .C . O ffice w o r k e rs P ro d u ctio n w o r k e rs A ll w o r k e r s -------------------- ------„ ---------------------- A re a States A re a States United States 1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 70 11 60 62 62 91 15 76 80 80 82 75 6 73 59 14 93 91 1 91 69 22 30 38 9 20 18 27 7 9 14 51 4 _ 15 43 _ _ 17 55 18 6 67 _ - 1 54 24 3 2 24 41 6 79 14 - 3 34 54 - 10 46 9 6 - 8 35 16 4 - 17 55 - 46 28 6 - 50 29 3 24 43 6 64 29 - 1 27 12 27 _ 2 2 20 16 21 _ 4 24 17 49 _ 19 59 3 - 12 53 6 2 23 70 - 15 73 - - 19 28 27 6 1 27 12 21 7 2 2 20 16 21 _ _ - 24 17 35 14 19 28 27 19 12 53 6 2 23 60 10 15 73 - M ethod o f paym ent W o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts p rov id in g p a id v a ca tio n s __ L e n g th -o f-tim e paym ent P e r c e n ta g e p avm ent _ _ __ _ _ . _ W o r k e r s in es ta b lis h m en ts p rov id in g no paid v a c a tio n s ________________________ _______ A m ou nt o f va ca tion p a y 2 A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e : U nder 1 w eek 1 w e e k _________________________________________ 2 w eek s _ _ _ _ 3 w e e k s ________________________________________ A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : U nder 1 w e e k ___________ _____________________ 1 w e e k _________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ____________________ 2 w e e k s ________________________________________ 3 w e e k s ________________________________________ A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : U nder 1 w e e k _________________________________ 1 w e e k _________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w eek s __ _____ _ 2 w e e k s ________________________________________ 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s ....................................................... ................. A ft e r 15 y e a rs o f s e r v i c e : 3 U nder 1 w e e k ....... ..................................................... 1 w eek O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w eek s ....................... .... ....... 2 w eek s _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 w e e k s ________________________________________ 4 w e e k s ________________________________________ 1 2 and d o in clu d e 3 _ - - 18 - 4 _ 6 - 47 14 1 34 57 - 3 3 N in e ty -fo u r p e rce n t o f the w o r k e rs w e re in the S outheast, V a c a tio n p a ym en ts, such as p e rce n t o f annual e a rn in g s, w e r e c o n v e rte d to an eq u ivalent tim e b a s is . P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e r e a r b itr a r ily ch osen not n e c e s s a r il y r e fle c t individual esta b lish m en t p r o v is io n s f o r p r o g r e s s io n . F o r e x a m p le , the ch an ges in p r o p o r tio n s in d ica te d at 15 y e a rs m ay ch an ges in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g between 5 and 15 y e a r s . V a c a tio n p r o v is io n s w e r e the sam e a fte r lo n g e r p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e . NOTE: B e ca u s e o f rounding, sum s o f individual ite m s m a y not equal to ta ls . (P e r c e n t o f p rod u ction and o ffic e w o r k e rs in m ills with s p e c ifie d health, in s u ra n c e , and re tire m e n t plan s, United S tates, s e le c te d S tates, and a r e a , S eptem ber 1973) States United States 2 Type o f plan 1 N orth C a ro lin a A re a T e n n e ss e e United States 2 P rod u ction w o r k e rs A ll w o r k e r s _______________ ________________ W o rk e rs in esta b lish m en ts prov id in g : L ife in s u r a n c e ________________________________ N on con trib u tory p la n s ____________________ A c c id e n ta l death and d ism em b erm en t in su ra n ce ___________ _____________________ N on con trib u tory p la n s _____________________ S ick n ess and a ccid en t in su ra n ce o r s ic k lea ve o r both 3 __________________________ S ick n ess and a ccid en t in s u r a n c e _________ N on con trib u tory p la n s _________________ S ick lea ve (full pay, no waiting p e r i o d ) _______________ _____ S ick lea ve (p a rtia l pay o r waiting p eriod ) _______________________ H osp ita liza tion i n s u r a n c e ____________________ N on con trib u tory plans ................ Surgicad i n s u r a n c e ___________________________ N on con trib u tory p la n s _____________________ M e d ica l in s u r a n c e ____________________________ N on con trib u tory plans .. M a jo r m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e _____________________ N on con trib u tory plans . R e tire m e n t plans 4 ........................ . P e n s i o n s ________ !________ __________________ N on con trib u tory p la n s ________________ S evera n ce pay _____________________________ No p la n s _______________________________________ B eca u se o f rounding, N orth C arolin a T en n essee W instonS a le m High Point, O ffice w o r k e rs 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 88 46 90 45 96 56 94 24 89 53 91 47 93 58 95 26 69 29 68 79 39 89 19 61 25 69 26 59 24 88 29 26 26 5 35 35 5 11 11 11 53 53 - 25 21 6 41 31 3 15 15 15 61 46 - 17 29 15 42 - - 99 17 99 17 84 - - - - - - - - 92 30 92 30 71 18 79 25 26 17 17 9 96 34 96 34 6 68 19 83 26 31 16 16 16 100 20 100 20 86 20 86 31 24 24 24 - 1 99 12 99 12 90 6 94 6 28 _ 28 1 1 In clu des plans fo r which the e m p lo y e r pays at le a st part o f the c o s t and e x c lu d e s le g a lly s e c u r it y ; h ow ev er, plans req u ire d b y State te m p o r a r y d is a b ility law s a re in clu d ed i f the e m p lo y e r r e c e iv e s b en efits in e x c e s s of le g a l re q u ire m e n ts . "N o n co n trib u to ry p la n s " in clu d e on ly those 2 N in ety -fou r p ercen t o f the w o r k e r s w e re in the Southeast. 3 U nduplicated total o f w o r k e rs re c e iv in g s ick lea ve and s ic k n e s s and a ccid e n t in su ra n ce 4 Unduplicated tota l o f w o r k e rs in plants having p r o v is io n s fo r p ension o r s e v e ra n c e pay N O TE : A rea States W instonS a le m High P oint, sum s o f in d ivid ual ite m s m ay not equal to ta ls . - 94 35 94 35 77 23 85 33 45 38 37 7 5 96 45 96 45 70 24 89 38 34 17 17 17 1 100 13 100 13 93 13 93 28 70 70 70 - 18 10 92 10 29 _ 27 1 r e q u ire d plan s such as w o r k m e n 's com p en sation and s o cia l co n tr ib u te s m o r e than is le g a lly re q u ire d o r the em p loyee plans fin a n ced e n tire ly by the e m p lo y e r. shown s e p a ra te ly . plans shown s e p a ra te ly :* ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m il l s w ith p r o v is i o n s f o r fu n e r a l le a v e p a y , j u r y duty p a y , and t e c h n o lo g i c a l s e v e r a n c e pay , United Sta tes, s e l e c t e d S t a t es , and a r e a , S e p t e m b e r 1 973) A rea S ta te s Item U nited S ta te s 1 N o rth C a r o lin a T en n essee W in s t o n S a le m H igh P o in t, N .C , P ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s w ith p r o v is i o n s f o r : F u n e r a l le a v e p a y . _ _ _______________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ J u r y d u ty p a y . _ _____________ _ _______ _ __ _ T e c h n o l o g i c a l s e v e r a n c e pay 2 __ _________ __ _______ 4 17 _ . 8 11 - - - - - O ffic e w o r k e rs W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s w ith p r o v is i o n s f o r : F u n era l pay _ _ _________ _ __ _ _ _ __ ____ _ J u r y duty p a y _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ ________ _ _ _ T e c h n o l o g i c a l s e v e r a n c e pay 2 _ __ _ _______ ______ 13 19 15 15 N in e t y - f o u r p e r c e n t o f the e m p lo y e e s w e r e in the S o u th e a s t. P a y to e m p lo y e e s p e r m a n e n t ly s e p a r a t e d f r o m the c o m p a n y as a r e s u lt o f t e c h n o lo g i c a l ch a n g e o r p la n t c lo s in g , Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey Scope of survey Establishm ent definition The survey included establishm ents en gaged p rim a rily in knitting, dyeing, or fin ishing fu ll-fashion ed o r se a m le ss h osiery (Industries 2251 and 2252 as defined in the 1967 edition of the Standard I n d u s t r i a l C la ssifica tio n M a n u a l, prepared by the U.S. O ffice of Management and Budget). Separate auxiliary units, such as central o ffic e s , were excluded. E stablishm ents studied w e r e selected fro m those employing 20 w orkers or m ore at the tim e of referen ce of the data used in compiling the universe lis ts . Table A - l shows the number of establishm ents and w orkers estim ated to be within scope of the survey, as w ell as the number actually studied by the Bureau. An establishm ent is defined for this study as a single physical location where industrial operations are p erform ed. An establishm ent is not n e c e ssa r ily identical with a company, which m ay consist of one establishm ent or m o re . The te rm s "e sta b lish m e n t" and " m i l l " have been u s e d interchangeably in th i,s bulletin. Industry branches Establishm ents w ere c la ssifie d by indus try branch as follow s: The w om en's h osiery branch includes m ills engaged p rim a rily in the manufacture of w om en's fu ll- or k neelength h o siery , including panty h ose, whether full-fashioned or se a m le s s ; the m e n 's h osiery branch includes se a m le ss h osiery (size 10 and up); and the ch ildren's h osiery branch in cludes m ills engaged p rim a rily in the m a n ufacture of ch ild re n 's, b o y s ', and infants' h osiery and w om en's anklets and so ck s. For exam ple, if 60 percent of the total value of ,a m ill's product -was m e n 's h osiery and 40 percent was ch ildren's h o siery , a ll w orkers in that m ill were considered as producing m en 's h osiery . Method of study Data were obtained by personal v isits of the B u reau's field staff to a representative sam ple of establishm ents in the industries. To obtain appropriate accuracy at m inim um co st, a greater proportion of large than of sm all establishm ents was studied. In c o m bining the data, how ever, a ll establishm ents were given an appropriate weight. A ll e s t i m ates are p resented, th e re fo re, as relating to a ll establishm ents in the in d ustries, e x cluding only those below the m inim um size at the tim e of referen ce of the universe data. Employment E stim ates of the number of w orkers w ith in scope of the study are intended as a gen eral guide to the size and com position of the labor force included in the su rvey , rather than as a p re cise m easure of em ploym ent. Production w orkers and office w orkers The term s "production w o r k e r s ," and "production and related w o rk e rs, " used in te r changeably in this bulletin, include working forem en and a ll nonsupervisory w orkers en gaged in nonoffice a ctiv itie s. A d m in istra tiv e, executive, p ro fessio n a l, and technical p e rso n n el, and fo rce-a cco u n t construction em p lo y e e s , who are utilized as a separate work fo rce on the fir m 's own p ro p e rtie s, are excluded. "O ffic e w o r k e r s " include a ll nonsuper viso ry office w orkers and exclude a d m in is tra tiv e, executive, p ro fe ssio n a l, and tech n i cal em p loyees. Occupations selected for study Occupational c la ssificatio n was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishm ent and in te r area variations in duties within the sam e job. (See appendix B for these d escrip tions.) The criteria for selection of the occupations w ere: The number of w orkers in the jo b , the u s e fulness of the data in collective bargaining, and appropriate representation of the entire job scale in the industry. Working su p e r v is o r s , appren tices, l e a r n e r s , beginn ers, tra in ees, handicapped, p a r t-tim e , tem p orary, and probationary w orkers were not reported in the data for selected occupations but were included in the data for a ll p r o d u c t i o n w ork ers. T a b le A-1. E s tim a te d n u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n ts a nd w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f su rv e y a n d n u m b e r s tu d ie d h o s ie ry m a n u fa c tu r in g , S e p te m b e r 1973 N um ber o f e sta b lish m e n ts 12 R egion 1 and a rea Within s co p e o f study W o rk e rs in e sta b lish m e n ts— A ctu a lly studied T o ta l3 A ll h o s ie r y m il l s : United States 4 ________________________________ M id d le A tla n t ic ____________________________ S ou th ea st___________________________________ 455 37 388 227 186 6 5 ,5 1 6 3, 186 5 7 ,3 0 9 W o m e n 's h o s ie r y m il l s : United S ta t e s 4 . _ .................... M iddle A tla n tic .. ..................................... . S ou th ea st___________________________________ N orth C a r o lin a .. . H ick o ry -S ta te s v ille 5_______________ W in ston -S a lem —High Point 6 ____ _ T e n n e ss e e ______________________________ 194 28 151 106 16 48 19 107 14 82 53 3 6 ,5 0 0 1, 706 3 1 ,7 6 3 21, 192 11 3 ,2 2 2 24 13 9, 359 4, 195 M e n 's h o s ie r y m il l s : U nited S ta te s 4 ________________________________ M id d le A tla n t ic ____________________________ S ou th ea st___________________________________ N orth C a r o li n a _________________________ H ick o ry -S ta te sv ille 5_______________ W in ston -S a lem —High P oint 6 T e n n e s s e e ______________________________ 152 7 135 113 62 30 9 73 17,302 1,412 1 4,583 11, 326 2, 958 5, 814 1, 511 C h ild r e n 's h o s ie r y m i l l s : 7 United S ta te s __________________________________ S ou th ea st................. N orth C a r o li n a _________________________ W in ston -S a lem —High P oint 6 T e n n e ss e e ______________________________ 109 102 71 34 17 21 6 61 44 22 17 7 47 43 24 14 11 A ctu a lly studied Within s co p e o f study 1 1 ,7 14 1 0,963 6 ,4 8 3 3 ,6 8 4 2 ,4 7 0 P rod u ction w o r k e rs O ffice w o r k e rs 59, 516 2 ,6 3 7 5 2 ,4 2 7 2 ,4 1 0 255 1 ,915 4 7 ,7 6 2 2 ,7 2 5 4 1 ,2 3 0 3 3,3 01 1,373 29, 190 19,467 2, 946 8, 626 3, 868 1,253 158 985 644 2 7 ,6 2 3 1, 300 24,0 01 15, 108 2, 127 8, 166 3, 706 15,617 695 95 517 391 96 1 ,2 1 2 13,293 10,3 36 2 , 679 5, 294 1, 339 100 266 137 2 11 75 1 0,5 98 9, 944 5, 897 3, 335 462 413 197 2 ,2 0 2 135 12 1 T otal 12,864 1,391 10,531 7, 557 1, 873 4 ,4 6 8 1,381 7 ,2 7 5 6 ,6 9 8 3, 326 2, 131 2 ,0 1 9 1 The r e g io n s used in this study in clu d e: M id d le A tla n tic— New J e r s e y , New Y o rk , and P en n sy lv a n ia; Southeast— A la b a m a , F lo r id a , G e o r g ia , M is s is s ip p i, N orth C a r o lin a , South C a rolin a , T e n n e ss e e , and V irg in ia . 2 In clu des on ly m ills having 20 o r m o re w o r k e r s at the tim e o f r e fe r e n c e o f the u n iv e rs e data. 3 In clu d es e x e c u tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and oth er w o r k e r s e x clu d ed fr o m the se p a ra te p rod u ction and o ffic e w o r k e r s c a t e g o r ie s . 4 In clu d es data fo r reg ion s in addition to th ose shown s e p a ra te ly . A la sk a and Hawaii w e re not in clu d ed in the study. 5 The H ick o ry —S ta tesv ille a re a in clu d es B u rk e, C a ld w e ll, C ataw ba, and I r e d e ll C ou n ties. 6 The W in ston -S a lem —High P oint a rea in clu d e s : A la m a n ce , D a v id son , F o rs y th , G u ilfo r d , R an dolph , and S u rrey C ou n ties. 7 In clu d es c h ild r e n 's , b o y s ', and infants' h o s ie r y ; w o m e n 's anklets and s o c k s ; and a ll oth er h o s ie r y not e ls e w h e re c la s s ifie d . Wage data Information on wages relates to average stra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings, excluding p r e m ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eek ends, h olidays, and late sh ifts. Incentive paym en ts, such as those resulting fro m p ie c e work or production bonus s y s te m s , and c o s t o f-liv in g bonuses were included as part of the w o rk e r's regular pay. Nonproduction bonus p aym en ts, such as C hristm as or yearend bon u ses, w ere excluded. A verage (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each occupation or category of w o rk e rs, such as production w o rk ers, w ere calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of w orkers receiving the ra te, totaling, and dividing by the number of in dividuals. The hourly earnings of salaried w orkers were obtained by dividing t h e i r stra ig h t-tim e salary by norm al (or standard) hours to which the salary corresp on d s. The median designates position; that is , o n e -h a lf of the em ployees surveyed receivedm ore than this rate and on e-h a lf received le s s . The middle range is defined by two rates of pay; one-fourth of the em ployees earned le s s than the lower of these rates and one-fourth earned m ore than the higher rate. Size of community Tabulations by size of com m unity pertain to metropolitan and nonmetropolitan a r e a s. The te rm "m etropolitan a r e a " as used in this bulletin re fe rs to the Standard M e tro p o l itan Statistical A rea as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through Novem ber 1972. Except in New England, a Standard M e t ropolitan Statistical A re a is defined as a county or group of contiguous counties which contains at least one city of 5 0 ,0 0 0 inhabi tants or m o re . Counties contiguous to the one containing such a city are included in a Standard M etropolitan S tatistical A r e a if, according to certain c r ite r ia , they are e s s e n tially m etropolitan in character and are s o cially and econom ically integrated with the central city. In New England, where the city and town are adm inistratively m ore important than the county, they are the units used in d e fining Standard M etropolitan S tatistical A r e a s . Method of wage payment Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the number of w orkers paid under the various tim e and incentive wage s y ste m s. F orm a l rate structures for tim e -r a te d w o rk ers provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job ca te g o rie s. In the absence of a fo rm a l rate stru ctu re, pay rates are determ ined p rim a rily by the qualifications of the individual w orker. A single rate str u c ture is one in which the sam e rate is paid to a ll experienced w orkers in the sam e job c la ssificatio n . L e a r n e r s, app ren tices, or pro bationary w orkers may be paid according to rate schedules which start below the single rate and perm it the w orkers to achieve the full job rate over a period of tim e. An e x perienced worker m ay o ccasion ally be paid above or below the single rate for sp ecial re a so n s, but such payments are regarded as exceptions. R a n g e -o f-r a te plans are those in which the m inim um , m axim um , or both of these rates paid experienced w orkers for the sam e job are specified. Specific rates for individual w orkers within the range m ay be determined by m e r it, length of s e r v ic e , or a combination of th ese. Incentive w orkers a r e c la ssifie d under piecework or bonus plans. Piecew ork is work for which a p r e determ ined rate is paid for each unit of out put. Production bonuses are for production in e x cess of a quota or for com pletion of a job in le s s than standard tim e. Scheduled weekly hours Data on weekly hours re fe r to the p r e dominant work schedule for fu ll-tim e produc tion w orkers (or office w orkers) employed on the day shift. Shift provisions and practices Shift provisions relate to the p olicies of establishm ents either currently operating late shifts or having fo rm a l provisions covering late shift work. P ractices relate to w orkers employed on late s h i f t s at the tim e of the survey. Supplementary benefits Supplementary benefits in an e sta b lish ment w ere considered applicable to a ll p r o duction (office) w orkers if they applied to half or m ore of the production w orkers in the establishm ent. S im ila rly , if fewer than half of the w orkers w ere covered , the benefit was considered nonexistent in the e sta b lish m ent. Because of le n g th -o f-s e r v ic e and other eligibility req u irem en ts, the proportion of w orkers receiving the b e n e f i t s m ay be sm a ller than estim ated. Paid h olid ays. Paid holiday provisions relate to fu ll-d a y and h alf-d a y holidays p r o vided annually. Paid vacation s. The su m m aries of v a c a tion plans are lim ited to fo rm a l arrangem ents and exclude inform al plans whereby tim e off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer or su p erv iso r. Paym ents not on a tim e basis were converted; for exam ple, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 w eek's pay. The periods of se rv ice for which data are presented were selected as representative of the m ost com m on p ra ctic e s; but they do not n e c e ssa rily reflect individual establishm ent provisions for p ro gressio n . For exam ple, changes in proportions indicated at 10 years of serv ice m ay include changes which o c curred between 5 and 10 y e a rs. Health, insurance, and retirem ent p lan s. Data are presented for health, insurance, pension, and retirem en t severance plans for which the em ployer pays a ll or a part of the co st, excluding p rogram s required by law, such as w orkm en’s com pensation and social security. Among plans included are those underwritten by a c o m m e r c i a l insurance company, and those paid d irectly by the e m ployer fro m his current operating funds or fro m a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a fo rm of life insurance. Sickness and accident in su r ance is lim ited to that type of insurance under which predeterm ined cash payments are made d irectly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illn ess or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the em ployer contributes at least a part of the cost. H ow ever, in New Y ork and New J e rsey , where tem porary disability insurance laws rejquire em ployer contributions, 1 plans are included only if the em ployer (1) contributes m ore than is legally required, or (2) provides the em ployees with benefits which exceed the requirem ents of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are lim ited to form al plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the w o r k e r ’s pay during absence fro m work because of illn e s s ; in fo rm a l arrangem ents have b e e n omitted. Separate tabulations are provided for (1) plans l The temporary disability insurance laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. M edical insurance re fe r s to plans p r o viding for com plete or partial payment of d o c to rs' fe e s . Such plans m ay be u nder written by a co m m e rc ia l insurance company or a nonprofit organization, or they m ay be a form of se lf-in su r a n c e . M ajor m ed ical in suran ce, som etim es r e ferred to as extended m ed ical or catastrophe insurance, includes plans designed to cover em ployees for sickn ess or injury involving an expense which goes beyond the norm al c o v e r age of hospitalization, m e d ic a l, and s u r g i cal plans. Tabulations of retirem en t pensions are lim ited to plans which provide regular p ay ments for the rest of the r e tir e e 's life . Data are presented separately for retirem ent s e v erance pay (one payment or se v eral over a specified period of tim e) made to em ployees on retirem en t. E stablishm ents providing r e tirem ent severance payments and pensions to em ployees on retirem ent were considered as having both retirem ent pension and retirem en t s e v e r a n c e pay; how ever, establishm ents having optional plans providing em ployees a choice of either retirem ent severance p ay ments or pensions w ere considered as having only retirem ent pension benefits. Paid funeral and jury duty le a v e . Data for paid funeral and ju ry duty leave relate to fo rm a l plans which provided at lea st partial payment for tim e lost as a resu lt of attend ing funerals of specified fa m ily m em b ers or serving as a ju ro r. T echnological severance pay. Data relate to form al plans providing for payment to e m ployees permanently separated fro m em p lo y ment because of a technological change or plant closing. Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The prim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifyin g into appropriate o c cupations w orkers who are em ployed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. This p erm its the grouping of occupational wage rates r e p resenting com parable job content. Because of this em phasis on interestab lishm ent and in terarea com parability of occupational content, the B ureau’ s job descriptions m ay differ significantly from those in use in individual e s tablishments or those prepared for other purp oses. In applying these job d escrip tions, the B ureau’ s field staff are instructed to exclude working su p e rv iso rs; apprentices; le a rn e r s; beginners; train ees; handicapped, parttim e, tem porary, and probationary w o rk ers. Plant occupations A djuster and fix er, knitting m achines Sets up, regulates, adjusts, and/or re pairs knitting machines used in the hosiery in d u stry.. W ork involves m o st of the follow ihg: Setting up knitting m achines to produce the design, shape, and size desired in the prod uct; regulating and adjusting the m achines for efficient operation; attaching fixtures or attachments to the m achine; examining prod uct or machines faulty in operation to de term ine whether adjustments or repairs are n ecessa ry ; dismantling or partly dismantling the m achine; replacing broken, dam aged, or wornout parts or perform ing other re p a irs, and reassem blin g the m achines; and using a variety of handtools in adjusting, fitting, or replacing p arts, fixtu res, or attachm ents. Include a d ju ster-fix e rs who m ay also p erform duties as knitters or knitting m achine tenders, or sewing m achine repairm en, providing pay rates re flect the adjuster qualifications. F or wage survey purposes, w orkers are cla ssified according to type of machine as follow s: S e a m le ss, fu ll- or knee-length S e a m le ss, h alf-h ose Other (including combination of above) B oard er, automatic Shapes and dries h osiery after dyeing by operating an automatic boarding m achine. W ork involves: Drawing and alining the v a r ious parts of damp h osiery over shaped fo rm s which are autom atically c o n v e y e d through a drying cham ber; regulating the amount of steam or hot air delivered to the cham ber; and observing finished work for proper operation. The machine autom atically strips h osiery fro m the form s and stacks them neatly on board or table. B o a rd er, Dunn method (Single boarder) Shapes and finally sets the stitch in dyed h osiery using the Dunn method or sim ila r system of boarding. W ork involves m o st of the follow ing: Drawing and alining various parts of hose over fo rm of m achine; placing individual or clu ster of form s into steam p re ssu re cham ber; rem oving form s f r o m steam cham ber; and stripping shaped hosiery fro m fo r m s . B oard er, other than automatic Bagger P laces pairs of finished hose in bags made of cellophane, plastic or sim ila r m a terial prior to shipment. M ay also label and seal b ag s. Shapes and dries h osiery after dyeing by any method other than an automatic m achine. W ork involves m o st of the follow ing: Drawing and alining the various parts of damp hosiery over shaped form s which m ay be stationary or attached to either an endless chain or re volving b ase; opening valves to admit steam or hot air to inside of fo rm s or drying cham b er; and rem oving or stripping dried and shaped hose from the fo r m s . In addition, m ay place hosiery on stacking board in dozen groups and prepare identification tickets for completed lo ts. Boxer Packs folded h osiery in cardboard boxes (usually 3, 6, or up to a dozen pairs to a box) and attaches labels thereto to indicate the co lo r, siz e , lot number, e tc ., of the con tents. In addition, m ay in sert descriptive literature in the b oxes. W orkers who also fold h osiery are ex cluded from this c la ssificatio n . C ollection- system , inspector (Knitting inspector) Examines se a m le ss h osiery, delivered by conveyor sy stem from knitting m achines to a central point, to determ ine whether m achines are knitting properly. W ork p rim a rily in volves: Inspecting hose for defects such as h oles, runs, torn threads, and d r o p p e d stitch es; identifying defective m achines by code on im perfect hose; and signaling fixer that machine is not knitting p roperly. May also sort hose according to size and style, tally number of hose inspected, and hang hose on rack. W orkers who have no control over knit ting m achines, but examine and c la s s ify hose (e .g ., determ ine whether hose are to be mended or rejected) are to be excluded from this cla ssificatio n . See Exam iner (Hosiery inspector). C o lle c tio n -sy ste m operator dye c o lo r s, acids, and soap and water ac cording to form ula, and pouring solution into kettle or tank of m achine, or opening and controlling valves which supply dyeing equip ment with dyeing solution and w ater; loading m a teria l into machine or kettle; controlling steam valves to heat solution; starting and stopping the rotating or revolving m echanism of the m achine; and rem oving dyed batch, draining solution fro m kettle or machine and rinsing equipment for next batch. M ay use m echanical hoist to lower or raise kettle baskets or other parts of equipment. Exclude w orkers who only m ix dyes or take sam p les, and who do not regularly o p e r a t e dye m achines. Exam iner (h osiery inspector) Exam ines and inspects h osiery for de fects or flaws in knitting, looping, seaming or dyeing. W ork involves m o st of the fo l lowing: Drawing each hose over revolvable form or board; examining hose for defects and marking or indicating each defect; testing stocking for weak spots by operating le v e rs that expand jaws of pattern and stretch the stocking at various p la ce s; cutting loose ends of thread from stockings with s c is s o r s ; and determ ining whether defective hose should be mended or rejected . In addition, m ay mend m inor d efects. For wage survey purp oses, w orkers are c la ssified as follow s: Grey (greige) exam iner Finished exam iner Other (including combination of above) F older Folds h osiery in pairs and either bands them or places them in envelopes. W orkers who also box h osiery by packing them in cardboard box are excluded from this cla ssificatio n . (Knitting attendant; utility operator) F older and boxer Supplies yarn as needed to sea m le ss h osiery knitting m achines which are equipped with a conveyor system that transports hose from the machine to a central inspection point. W ork involves: Placing cones of yarn on m achines; tailing ends of yarn being knitted to new yarns; threading yarn through guides; and attaching yarn to n eedles. M ay also a ssist knitting machine fix ers in resetting the m achines and relieve collection system in spectors as required. D yeing-m achine tender P rep ares and operates one or m o re of the various types of dyeing m achines or kettles used to dye h osiery . Work involves: Mixing P erform s a combination job of folding and boxing hosiery as described above. In clude in this cla ssificatio n operators of auto m atic folding and boxing m achines. W orkers who either fold or box only are excluded from this c la ssificatio n . K nitter, w om en 's se a m le ss hosiery Operates one or m ore knitting machines that knit a com plete w om an's se a m le ss stock ing. Work involves: Placing cones of yarn on m achines and threading yarn through guides and attaching it to the needles; starting m a chine and watching the fabric during the knit ting p ro ce ss for defects of any kind. F or wage survey purposes, w orkers are cla ssified according to types of feed and num ber of needles as follow s: Single- feed 474 needles 400 needles A ll other Tw o-feed 474 needles 400 needles A ll other F ou r- feed 400 needles A ll other Six- feed 400 needles A ll other Eight- feed 400 needles A ll other K nitter, automatic O perates one or m ore m achines that automatically knit a com plete se a m le ss stock ing (other than w om en's full-length) from the top (ribbed top or w elt) to the toe. Work involves m o st of the follow ing: Placing spool or cone of yarn in yarn holder on m achine; threading end of yarn through guides, and attaching it to th e 1n ee d le s; starting machine which autom atically knits the top, leg, heel, foot, and toe of a se a m le ss stocking in one continuous operation; piecing-up broken ends by twisting or tying the two ends together; and inspecting stocking coming from knitting m a chine for defects and flaw s. In addition, m ay count stockings, tie them into bundles, or attach card that identifies operator by style number. K n itte r, rib Operates one or m ore m achines that knit the ribbed portions (tops or leg s) of se a m le ss h osiery. W ork involves m o st of the follow ing: Placing cones of thread or yarn on cone holder of m achine; threading end of yarn through guides, and attaching it to needles in needle holder; starting operation of machine which autom atically knits a continuous tube of alternate single and double lines of web and drops or enlarges stitches at predeterm ined intervals to indicate where the tube is to be cut; inspecting operation of machine to make certain ribs are being knitted properly; r e placing empty cones of yarn in holder with new ones; piecing-up broken ends by twisting or tying the two ends of yarn together; ad justing, replacing, and /or straightening de fective, broken, or bent n eedles; and re moving the knit ribs or tops from the m a chine by cutting the threads with s c is s o r s . Knitter, string Operates one or m ore circu lar knitting machines that knit se a m le ss stockings in a continuous string, which is cut later at proper places to make individual stockings. W ork involves m o st of the follow ing: Placing cones of yarn on cone holder of m achine; threading end of yarn through guides and attaching to needles; starting operation of machine which automatically knits the leg, heel, foot, and toe o f * the stocking in a continuous string; piecing-up broken ends by twisting or tying the two ends together; adjusting, replacing, and/or straightening broken, defective, or bent needles; and rem oving the knitted m a terial fro m the machine by cutting the threads with s c is s o r s . Looper, toe Operates a machine that c lo ses the open ing in the toe of se a m le ss h osiery . Work involves: Placing yarn on machine; running thread through various guides and tension disks and to needle of m achine; setting co r responding loops of the two parts of the toe or opening on the looping points of rotating dial (dial ca rrie s the stocking through the m echanism that autom atically joins the parts and trim s the edges of the seam ); and r e moving looped stockings from dial of m achine. M ender, hand, finish Repairs by hand, defects in h osiery prior to folding and boxing. W ork involves m o st of the follow ing: Locating m arked defects such as holes, runs, pulled threads, and dropped stitches; sewing up holes in stocking with needle and thread; spreading part of stocking containing run over mending cup, and catching up run with a hand or e le c tr ic powered latching needle; inserting m issin g strands of thread or replacing broken strands with new threads, using a latching needle; cutting off loose threads with s c is s o r s . May also do inspecting or pairing. M ender, hand, grey Repairs by hand, defects in h o s i e r y prior to dyeing. W ork involves m o st of the follow ing: Locating m arked defects such as holes, runs, pulled threads, and dropped stitches; sewing up holes in stocking with needle and thread; spreading part of stocking containing run over mending cup, and catching up run with a hand or electric-p o w ered latch ing needle; inserting m issin g s t r a n d s o f thread or replacing broken strands with new threads, using a latching needle; cutting off loose threads with s c is s o r s . P airer M ates or arranges stockings or stocking blanks for panty hose in pairs so that they w ill correspond in siz e , color, length, and texture. W ork involves: Laying or spreading the stockings or stocking blanks on pairing table; examining hose for im perfections and segregating the im perfect ones; and selecting two stockings or blanks having sam e color and size , and com paring them as to length of w elt, foot, leg, and heel splicing or reinforcem ent. F or wage survey purposes, w orkers are cla ssified a c c o r d i n g to type of hose as fo llo w s: Stockings Panty hose Other (including combination of above) Preboarder Shapes and sets the stitch in h osiery in the greige (in the grey state p rior to dyeing) using one of several types of m a c h i n e s equipped with steam -h eated p re ssu re retort, cham ber, or cabinet, and m etal h o s i e r y fo rm s. W ork involves a combination of the follow ing: Drawing and alining various parts of hose over fo rm ; placing individual or cluster of form s into steam p ressu re chamber (or m ay place form s on racks which are pushed into steam chamber by floor boy); re moving form s from steam cham ber; and stripping shaped h osiery from fo r m s . May work with two sets of fo rm s, stripping hose from one set while the second is b e i n g steam ed, or two w orkers m ay operate as a team ; form s m ay be placed into steam cham ber manually, or autom atically by pushing button, depending upon type of m achine. O perators of the Dunn method are not included in this cla ssificatio n . A lso excluded are w orkers engaged in partial heat setting perform ed prior to dyeing. In this operation, the grey h osiery is not preboarded but rather hung by the toe onto a rack and then placed in a steam p re ssu re cham ber, which partially sets (shrinks) the fab ric. Repairm an, sewing machine 1 used Adjusts and repairs sewing m a c h i n e s in the establishm ent. W ork involves 1 The Bureau of the Census has introduced new job titles in its Occupational Classification System to eliminatei those that denote sex stereotypes. In this bulletin, however, old titles have been retained where they refer specifically to jobs for which survey data were collected under earlier definitions. Where titles are used in the generic sense and not to describe a specific job sur veyed, they have been changed to eliminate the sex stereotype. m ost of the follow ing: Examining m achines faulty in operation to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling m achines, replacing broken or worn out parts or perform ing other re p a irs, and r e a s s e m bling m achines; adjusting m achines to function efficiently by turning adjustment screw s and nuts; regulating length of stroke of needle, and horizontal m ovem ent feeding m echanism under needle; replacing or repairing tran s m ission b elts; preparing specifications for m ajor repairs and initiating ord ers for re placem ent parts; using a variety of handtools in fitting and replacing p arts. Seam er, toe Operates a seam ing m achine to produce an overedge or flat-butted seam to close the toes of se a m le ss h osiery . Sewing-m achine operator (panty hose) Operates a standard or special purpose sewing machine to p erform the sewing opera tions required in joining together leg blanks of panty hose and attaching elastic around the top. Includes w orkers who join leg blanks(by sewing them to a gusset, as w ell as those joining blanks by sewing a U -s e a m or straight seam which does not require a g u sset. Ex cluded are w orkers engaged in sewing labels to hose, but not attaching leg blanks or elastic w aistbands. F or wage survey purposes, w orkers are classified according to type of o p e r a t i o n p erform ed. Leg blank sewer (including back crotch s e a m e r s ) E lastic sew er Other (including combination of above) T ran sfer-m a ch in e operator Operates machine that stamps identifying information such as s iz e , tradem ark, type and gage of yarn, on foot, toe, or heel of hose. W ork involves m o st of the follow ing: Selecting roll of tran sfer paper and placing roll on re e l; threading paper under heating elem ent onto take-up reel;, adjusting feeding guides of conveyor belt to size of hose; and starting machine and positioning hose on con veyor belt against guides. M ay observe fin ished work for proper operation and make adjustments to m achine. O ffice Occupations C le rk , payroll Computes wages of company em ployees and enters the n ecessa ry data on the payroll sh eets. Duties involve: Calculating w o r k e r s ’ earnings based on time or production re co rd s; posting calculated data on payroll s h e e t , showing information such as w o r k e r ’ s name, working days, tim e, rate, deductions for in surance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paym aster in m ak ing up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating m achine. Stenographer, general P rim a ry duty is to take and transcribe dictation fro m one or m ore p erson s, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ila r m a chine, involving a norm al routine vocabulary. May also type from written copy. May m ain tain file s , keep sim ple records or p erfo rm other relatively routine c le ric a l task s. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include tran scribing-m ach in e w ork. T y p is t U ses a typew riter to make copies of various m a teria l or to make out b ills after calculations have been made by a n o t h e r person. M ay include typing of sten cils, m a ts, or sim ila r m a teria ls for use in duplicating p rocesses, lylay do c le ric a l work involving little special training, such as keeping sim ple re c o rd s, filing records and rep orts, or so rt ing and distributing incoming m a il. C lass A . P e rfo rm s one or m ore of the following: Typing m aterial in final fo rm when it involves combining m aterial from several sources or responsibility for c o rre c t sp ell ing, syllabication, punctuation, e tc ., of tech nical or unusual words or foreign language m a teria l; planning layout and typing of com plicated statistical tables to maintain uni form ity and balance in spacing. M ay type routine form letters varying details to suit circu m sta n ce s. C la ss B . P e rfo rm s one or m ore of the follow ing: Copy typing fro m rough or clear d rafts; routine typing of fo r m s , insurance p o lic ie s, e tc .; setting up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying m ore com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. Industry Wage Studies The m o st recent reports providing o c cupational wage data for industries included in the Bureau's program of industry wage surveys since I960 are listed below. Copies are for sale fro m the Superintendent of D o c um ents, U .S. Governm ent Printing O f f i c e , W ashington, D ,C , 20 4 0 2, or from any of its regional sales o ffic e s, and fro m the regional o ffices of the Bureau of Labor S tatistics shown on t h e inside back c o v e r. Copies that are out of stock are available for r e f erence purposes at leading public, colleg e, or u niversity lib r a r ie s , or at the Bureau's Washington or regional o ffic e s . Manufacturing Manufacturing— Continued Basic Iron and Steel, 1972, BLS Bulletin 1839 1 Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1970, BLS Bulletin 17 32 Cigar Manufacturing, 1972, BLS Bulletin 17 96 Cigarette Manufacturing, 1971, BLS Bulletin 1748 F abricated Structural Steel, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1695 F e r tiliz e r Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1763 F lour and Other Grain M ill Products, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1803 Fluid M ilk Industry, 197 3. BLS Bulletin 1871. Footw ear, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1792 Industrial C h em ica ls, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1768 Iron and Steel Foundries, 1967, BLS Bulletin 1626 1 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1835 M achinery Manufacturing, 197 3. BLS Bulletin 1859 Meat Products, 1969, BLS Bulletin 1677 M en 's and B oys' Separate T r o u s e r s , 1971, BLS Bulletin 17 52 M en 's and B oys' Shirts (Except W ork Shirts) and Nightwear, 1971, BLS Bulletin 1794 M en 's and Boys' Suits and Coats, 1973, BLS Bulletin 1843 M iscellan eous P la stic s Products, 1969, BLS Bulletin 1690 Motor V eh icles and P a rts, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1679 Nonferrous Foundries, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1726 Paints and V a rn ish es, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1739 Paperboard Containers and B oxes, 1970, BLS Bulletin 1719 P etroleu m Refining, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1741 P re sse d or Blown G lass and G lassw are, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1713 Pulp, P aper, and Paperboard M ills , 1972. BLS Bulletin 1844 Southern Saw m ills and Planing M ills , 1969. BLS Bulletin 1694 Structural Clay Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1697 Synthetic F ib e r s , 1970. BLS Bulletin 1740 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1757 T ex tile s, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1801 W est Coast Saw m illing, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1704 W o m en 's and M is s e s ' Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1728 W o m en 's and M is s e s ' D r e s s e s , 1971. BLS Bulletin 1783 1 Wood Household Furniture, Except U pholstered, 1971, BLS Bulletin 1793 W ork Clothing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1624 1 Nonmanufacturing Appliance Repair Shops, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1838 Auto D ealer Repair Shops, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1689 Banking, 197 3, BLS Bulletin 1862 Bituminous Coal Mining, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1583 Com m unications, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1854 Contract Cleaning S e r v ic e s, 1971, BLS Bulletin 1778 Contract Construction, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1853 Crude P etroleu m and Natural Gas Production, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1797 Educational Institutions: Nonteaching E m p loy ees, 1968—69. BLS Bulletin 1671 E le c tric and Gas U tilities, 1972, BLS Bulletin 1834 H osp itals, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1829 Laundry and Cleaning S e r v ic e s, 1968, BLS Bulletin 1645 1 L ife Insurance, 1971, BLS Bulletin 1791 M etal Mining, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1820 Motion Picture T h e a te rs, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1542 1 Nursing H om es and Related F a c ilitie s , 1973. BLS Bulletin 1855 Scheduled A ir lin e s , 1970, BLS Bulletin 1734 W ages and Tips in Restaurants and H otels, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1712 1 Bulletin out of stock- BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES Region V Region I 9th Floor Federal O ffice Building 23 0 S. Dearborn Street Chicago , III. 60604 Phone: (312) 35 3-1 8 8 0 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston. Mass. 02 2 0 3 Phone: (617) 223-6761 Region II Region VI Suite 3 4 00 15 15 Broadway New Y o rk , N .Y . 10036 Phone: (212) 9 7 1-54 05 Second Floor 555 G riffin Square Building Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone: (214) 74 9-35 16 Region III Regions VII and V III* P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia. Pa. 19101 911 Walnut Street Kansas C itv. Mo. 6 4 1 0 6 Phone: (816) 374-2481 Phone: (215) 59 7-11 54 Region IV 1371 Peachtree Street, N.E. A tlanta, Ga. 3 0 3 0 9 Phone: (404) 52 6-5 4 1 8 Regions IX and X ** 45 0 Golden Gate Avenue Box 36 017 San Francisco, Calif. 9 4 1 0 2 Phone: (415) 55 6-46 78 Regions VII and VIII are serviced by Kansas City Regions IX and X are serviced by San Francisco
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