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Industry
W age Survey
Hosiery,
September 1970
Bulletin 1743
U .S. D E PA R TM E N T OF LABOR
B ureau of Labor Statistics
Industry
W age Survey
Hosiery,
September 1970
Bulletin 1743
U S. DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR
J. D. Hodgson, S ecretary
B U R E A U O F L A B O R S TA T IS T IC S
G e o ffre y H. M oo re, C o m m is s io n e r
1972
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 75 cents
P reface
This bulletin summarizes the results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of wages
and related benefits in the hosiery manufacturing industry in September 1970. Infor
mation is reported separately for three major product branches: Women’s, men’s, and
children’s hosiery. A similar survey was conducted in September 1967.
Separate releases were issued earlier, for the following States and areas:
Women’s hosiery mills
North Carolina
Tennessee
Hickory—Statesville, N.C.
Winston-Salem—High Point, N.C.
Men’s hosiery mills
North Carolina
Tennessee
Hickory—Statesville, N.C.
Winston-Salem-High Point, N.C.
Children’s hosiery mills
North Carolina
Tennessee
Winston-Salem-High Point, N.C.
Copies of these releases are available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington,
D.C., 20212, or any of its regional offices.
The study was conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Wages and Industrial Relations.
The analysis was prepared by Michael J. Tighe in the Division of Occupational Wage
Structures. Field work for the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional Directors for
Operations.
Other reports available from the Bureau’s program of industry wage studies, as well as
the addresses of the Bureau’s regional offices, are listed at the end of this bulletin.
iii
C o n te n ts
Page
Summary...........................................................................................................................................................................
Industry characteristics...................................................................................................................................................
Industry branches........................................................................................................................................................
Location .......................................................................................................................................................................
Establishment size........................................................................................................................................................
Unionization................................................................................................................................................................
Method of wage p a y m en t..........................................................................................................................................
S e x ................................................................................................................................................................................
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
Table:
1. All hosiery mills: Earnings distribution .......................................................................................................
4
Part I: Women's Hosiery Mills...........................................................................................................
Average hourly earnings.............................................................................................................................................
Occupational earnings.................................................................................................................................................
Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions.................................................................................
Scheduled weekly hours and shift practices................................................................................... *...................
Paid h o lid ay s..........................................................................................................................................................
Paid vacations......................................................................................................
Health, insurance, and retirement p la n s ..............................................................................................................
Other selected benefits..........................................................................................................................................
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
Tables:
2. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics......................................................................................
3. Earnings distribution........................................................................................................................................
8
9
Occupational averages:
4. All m ills..............................................................................................................................................................
5. By size of com m unity......................................................................................................................................
6. By size of establishm ent..................................................................................................................................
7. By method of wage paym ent.....................................
10
12
13
14
Occupational earnings:
8. North Carolina .................................................................................................................................................
9. T ennessee..........................................................................................................................................................
10. Hickory—Statesville, N.C ..................................................................
.11. Winston-Salem-High Point, N .C ...................................................................................................................
15
17
18
19
Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:
12. Method of wage p a y m e n t................................................................................................................................ 21
13. Scheduled weekly h o u r s .......................................................................................................................................21
14. Shift differential provisions............................................................................................................................. 22
15. Shift differential practices................................................................................................................................ 23
iv
C o n te n ts —C o n tin u e d
Page
Tables— Continue d
Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions— Continued
16. Paid holidays .................................................................................................................................................
17. Paid vacations.................................................................................................................................................
18. Health, insurance, and retirement plans ......................................................
19. Other selected b e n e fits..................................................................................................................................
24
25
26
27
Part II. Men's Hosiery mills.............................................................................................................................................
Average hourly earnings............................................................................................................................................
Occupational earnings.................................................................................................................................................
Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions ...............................................................................
Scheduled weekly hours and shift practices.......................................................................................................
Paid h o lid ay s..........................................................................................................................................................
Paid vacations ........................................................................................................................................................
Health, insurance, and retirement p la n s..............................................................................................................
Other selected benefits ........................................................................................................................................
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
29
Tables:
20. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics .................................................................................
21. Earnings distribution......................................................................................................................................
30
31
Occupational average:
22. All mills ..........................................................................................................................................................
23. By size com m unity........................................................................................................................................
24. By size of establishm ent...............................................................................................................................
25. By method of wage payment .......................................................................................................................
32
33
34
35
Occupational earnings:
26. North C aro lin a...............................................................................................................................................
27. T ennessee........................................................................................................................................................
28. Hickory-Statesville, N.C .............................................................................................................................
29. Winston-Salem—High Point, N.C....................................................................................................................
36
38
39
40
Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:
30. Method of wage p a y m e n t.............................................................................................................................
31. Scheduled weekly h o u r s ................................................................................................................................
32. Shift differential provisions...........................................................................................................................
33. Shift differential practices ...........................................................................................................................
34. Paid holidays...................................................................................................................................................
35. Paid vacations.................................................................................................................................................
36. Health, insurance, and retirement plans .....................................................................................................
37. Other selected b e n e fits..................................................................................................................................
42
42
43
44
45
46
48
49
P artlll. Children's Hosiery M ills..................................................................................................................................
Average hourly earnings.............................................................................................................................................
Occupational earnings ................................
Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions ...............................................................................
Scheduled weekly hours and shift practices ........................................................................................................
50
50
50
50
50
v
C o n te n ts —C o n tin u e d
Page
Tables— Continued
Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions— Continued
Paid h o lid ay s........................................................................................................................................................
Paid vacations ......................................................................................................................................................
Health, insurance, and retirement p la n s............................................................................................................
Other selected benefits ......................................................................................................................................
50
50
50
51
Tables:
38. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics.................................................................................
39. Earnings distributions..................................................................................................................................
52
52
Occupational averages:
40. All mills ........................................................................................................................................................
41. By size of com m unity..................................................................................................................................
42. By size of establishm ent.............................................................................................................................
43. By method of wage payment ....................................................................................................................
53
54
54
55
Occupational earnings:
44. North C aro lin a.............................................................
45. Tennessee.....................................................................................................................................................
46. Winston-Salem—High Point, N .C ..........................................................................
56
58
59
Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:
47. Method of wage payment ...........................................................................................................................
48. Schedule weekly h o u r s ..................................................................................................................................
49. Shift differential provisions.........................................................................................................................
50. Shift differential practices...........................................................................................................................
51. Paid holidays.................................................................................................................................................
52. Paid vacations............................................................................................
53. Health, insurance, and retirement plans ...................................................................................................
54. Other selected b e n e fits...............................................................................................................................
60
60
61
61
62
63
64
64
Appendixes:
A. Scope and method of survey.....................................................‘.......................................................................
B. Occupational descriptions..................................................................................................................................
65
69
H o s ie r y , S e p t e m b e r 1 9 7 0
Summary
Paid vacations, most commonly 1 week’s pay after 1
year of service and 2 weeks after 5 years, were provided
by mills employing large majorities of the production
workers in each industry branch. Paid holidays, typically
3 to 5 days, were granted in establishments employing
three-fifths of the production workers in women’s
hosiery, compared with one-half in men’s, and slightly
less than three-tenths in children’s hosiery. Three-fifths
of the workers or more in each branch had life, hospitali
zation, surgical, and basic medical insurance coverage, at
least partially paid for by the employer. Retirement
pension plans, in addition to social security, covered
three-tenths of the production workers in women’s and
men’s mills, but rarely were available in the children’s
hosiery branch.
Straight-time earnings of production and related
workers in the Nation’s hosiery mills averaged $2.18
an hour in September 1970. Slightly more than twofifths of the 85,844 workers in the survey 1 earned
between $1.60 and $2 an hour; one-half earned between
$2 and $3 an hour; and slightly less than one-tenth were
paid $3 an hour or more.
At the time of the study, one-tenth of the workers
were paid within 5 cents of the $ 1.60 Federal minimum—
much smaller than the clustering of workers around
Federal minimums in effect during earlier surveys in the
industry. 2 In the Bureau’s 1962 and 1964 studies, the
proportion of workers paid within 5 cents of the mini
mum was one-fourth, and in 1967, nearly one-fifth.
The 1970 survey, however, was conducted 31 months
after the effective date of the $1.60 minimum, whereas
the time intervals between the effective dates and the
earlier surveys were 5 months in 1962, 13 months in
1964, and 7 months in 1967.
Women, almost four-fifths of the workers in the 1970
study, averaged $2.13; men averaged $2.37. Women were
predominant in jobs such as boarders, preboarders,
folders and boxers, and sewing-machine operators pro
ducing pantyhose; whereas men made up nearly all of
the knitting-machine adjusters and fixers.
The 56,985 production workers in women’s hosiery
mills, two-thirds of the survey total, averaged $2.24 an
hour, compared with $2.09 for the 17,608 workers in
men’s hosiery mills, and $2.01 for the 11,251 workers in
children’s hosiery mills. Within each branch, pay levels
varied by location, size of establishment, and occupation.
Among the jobs selected for separate study, baggers
had the lowest average earnings in women’s hosiery mills
($1.90), whereas in children’s mills transfer knitters had
the lowest average ($1.72); in men’s hosiery mills hand
finish menders were lowest paid ($1.80). Knittingmachine adjusters and fixers, among the highest-paid
plant workers in the industry, averaged $2.91 in"women’s
hosiery mills, $2.77 in men’s, and $2.68 in children’s.
Sewing-machine operators working on pantyhose, the
largest group of workers studied, averaged $2.28 an
hour in the women’s branch.
Industry characteristics
From 1960 through 1970, hosiery production in the
United States increased from 154.9 to 244.1 million
1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. The
straight-time average hourly earnings in this bulletin differ in
concept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the
Bureau’s monthly hours and earnings series ($2.37 for women’s
hosiery, except socks, and $2.17 for hosiery, not elsewhere
classified, in September 1970). Unlike the latter, the estimates
presented here exclude premium pay for overtime and for work
on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Average earnings were
calculated by summing individual hourly earnings and dividing
by the number of individuals; in the monthly series, the sum of
the man-hour totals reported by establishments in the industry
was divided into reported payroll totals.
The estimated number of production workers in the study
is intended only as a general guide to the size and composition
of the labor force. It differs from the monthly series (56,100 for
women’s hosiery, except socks, and 31,600 for hosiery, not else
where classified, in September 1970) because establishments
employing fewer than 20 workers are excluded and because
advance planning is necessary to assemble establishment lists in
advance of data collection. Thus, omitted are establishments
new to the industry, establishments found in other industries at
the time of the survey, and establishments manufacturing
hosiery but classified incorrectly in other industries when the
lists were compiled.
For results of the earlier surveys, see Industry Wage
Surveys: Hosiery, September 1967 (BLS Bulletin 1562, 1968);
Hosiery, September-October 1964 (BLS Bulletin 1456, 1965);
and Hosiery, February 1962 (BLS Bulletin 1349, 1962).
1
dozen pairs, or 58 percent.3 This rise was accompanied
by a 7 percent decline in the number of production
workers and a 100 percent increase in output per pro
duction worker man-hour.4 The increased productivity
was partly reflected in a 7 percent drop in the whole
sale price of hosiery during the same period, despite
a 61 percent increase in average hourly earnings for
production workers. 5 Factors contributing to this in
creased productivity included new and improved methods
of manufacturing, such as the replacement o f toe loop
ing by better methods of toe seaming, and the use of
the collection system (automatic movement of hosiery
from the knitting machines to a central inspection point),
and the large shift during the decade from women’s
full-fashioned to seamless hosiery.
At the time of the 1970 survey, fewer than a thousand
production workers were in mills where women’s fullfashioned (back-seamed) hosiery was the chief product.
Production of this type fell from almost half of the
women’s hosiery output in 1960 to less than 1 percent
in 1970. 6 On the other hand, pantyhose (made from
seamless hosiery), accounted for slightly less than oneeighth of the women’s hosiery production in 1968, con
trasted with almost seven-tenths by 1970.
children’s branch. Mills specializing in either dyeing
and finishing or performing such combination work as
knitting and finishing employed most of the remaining
workers.
Manufacturers (mills which produce hosiery from
purchased yarn) employed about 95 percent of the
workers in the women’s branch and virtually all those
in the other branches. Contractors (mills which process
materials owned by others) accounted for the remainder
of the industry’s work force.
Location . The Southeast region accounted for 88 percent
of the industry’s employment: 87 percent in the women’s
branch, 82 percent in the men’s, and 100 percent in the
children’s branch. Employment in this region was pri
marily concentrated in North Carolina. The Middle
Atlantic States accounted for 12 percent of the workers
in the men’s branch and 6 percent in the women’s
branch.
The industry is located largely in smaller communities.
Between 65 and 70 percent of the workers in women’s
and men’s mills, and almost 80 percent of those in
children’s mills were in nonmetropolitan areas at the
time of the survey. In the Southeast region, between
70 and 80 percent of the workers in each of the three
branches were in nonmetropolitan areas. In the Middle
Atlantic States, on the other hand, almost four-fifths
of the workers were in metropolitan areas. 7
Industry branches. Hosiery mills were classified into
three branches for the survey: Mills producing primarily
women’s full- and knee-length hosiery (including panty
hose) employed two-thirds of the 85,844 production
workers in the industry; mills manufacturing chiefly
men’s hosiery employed about one-fifth; and those
producing children’s hosiery (including women’s anklets
and socks) accounted for the remainder. Of the women’s
hosiery mills studied, only about one-tenth also produced
other types of hosiery. A number of mills in the other
two branches, however, manufactured both men’s and
children’s hosiery, which are made on similar types of
knitting machines. Slightly more than half of the men’s
hosiery mills, for example, also produced children’s
hosiery, and one-fourth of the children’s mills produced
men’s socks as a secondary product.
Nylon was the predominant type of yarn used in al
most all women’s hosiery mills. Men’s and children’s
mills most commonly used cotton as the principal type
of yarn.
Integrated mills— those engaged in knitting, dyeing,
and finishing— employed slightly more than one-half
of the production workers in women’s hosiery mills,
seven-tenths of those in men’s, and three-fourths of the
workers in children’s hosiery mills. Establishments which
performed only knitting operations accounted for onefifth of the women’s hosiery mill workers, one-eighth
of the number in men’s mills, and one-tenth in the
Establishment size . Mills employing 250 workers or more
accounted for seven-tenths of the workers in women’s
hosiery, compared with about one-half of those in the
men’s and one-third in the children’s branch. As shown
in the following tabulation, mills with 250 workers or
more employed a larger percentages of the work force in
metropolitan areas than in nonmetropolitan areas in the
men’s and children’s branches, but in the women’s
branch, the opposite was true.
Unionization . Mills operating under labor-management
contracts employed 8 percent of the workers in the
men’s branch and about 3 percent in the women’s. None
3 Source: National Association o f Hosiery Manufacturers,
Annual Report, Hosiery Statistics, cited in U.S. Department o f
Commerce, Bureau o f the Census, Statistical Abstract o f the
United States, 1971, p. 706.
4 See Indexes o f Output Per Man-Hour, Selected Industries,
1939 and 1947-70 (BLS Bulletin 1692, 1971).
5 Based on the BLS Wholesale Price Index and Employment
and Earnings series.
6 Op. cit., Statistical Abstract o f the United States, 1971.
7
'
■ _
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the
U.S. Office of Management and Budget (formerly Bureau of the
Budget) through January 1968.
2
Women's hosiery
mills_____
Size of mill
of their workers. The Textile Workers Union of America
(AFL-CIO) was the major union in the industry.
Men's hosiery
mills
Metro
Non-
Metro-
Non-
poli
tan
metropolitan
politan
metropolitan
areas
areas
areas
areas
100
100
100
100
38
25
42
56
62
75
58
44
Method o f wage payment. Incentive wage plans, nearly
always based on individual piecework rates, were the
method of wage payment for two-thirds of the workers
in women’s and children’s mills, and for three-fifths of
those in the men’s branch. (See tables 12, 30, and 47.)
The incidence of workers paid incentive rates varied by
occupation. For example, pairers, folders and boxers, toe
seamers, and automatic knitters were usually incentive
workers, whereas more than nine-tenths of the knittingmachine adjusters and fixers were time-rated workers.
Wage rates for time-rated workers were typically deteraccording to the individual’s qualifications; for
om -*hird of the timeworkers, however, formal rate
strictures (usually providing rate ranges for specified
jobs) were used.
Ail production
workers..............
Mills w ith—
Less than 250
workers..................
250 workers or
m ore.......................
Children's
hosiery mills
Metro-
Non-
poli-
metro-
tan
politan
areas
areas
100
100
workers^. . . .
56
70
250 workers or
m o re..............
44
30
All production
workers.........
Sex. Women made up at least seven-tenths of the pro
duction workers in each industry branch and accounted
for all or almost all of the workers in jobs such as exam
iners, folders, toe loopers, menders, transfer-machine
operators, sewing-machine operators (pantyhose), board
ers, and preboarders. Women also made up a large
majority of the knitters in the survey, whereas men
accounted for nearly all of the knitting machine adjusters
and fixers.
Mills w ith—
Less than 250
of the children’s hosiery mills visited during the survey
had labor-management contracts applying to a majority
3
Table 1. AH hosiery mills: Earnings distribution
{ P e r c e n t d is tr ib u t io n o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s by a v e r a g e s tr a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 U n ited S ta te s and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
U n ited S ta te s 2
ATT
w orkers
B order
S ta te s
M id d le
A tla n tic
W om en
Sou th
ea st
0. 2
1 0 .5
2 .8
5. 3
( 3)
4 .4
1 .4
4. 2
0 .2
12. 1
3. 2
5. 6
0 .4
7 .8
1. 3
3. 3
0. 1
7. 3
1 .3
9 .9
0. 2
1 0 .9
3 .0
5. 2
$ I. 80 --------------------------------- ----$ 1 . 8 5 -------------------------------------$ 1. 90 -------------------------------------$ 1. 95 -------------------------------------$ 2. 00 --------------------------------------
4 .4
4 .9
5. 2
5. 4
4. 3
3 .2
4. 1
4. 4
5. 2
2. 8
4. 7
5. 1
5 .4
5. 5
4. 7
4 .6
3. 5
6. 8
3 .0
2. V
3 .0
3. 8
4. 1
4. 2
2. 7
4 .4
5 .0
5. 1
5. 7
4. 3
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
$2.
$2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$2.
10
20
30
40
50
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------
8 .9
7. 7
7. 2
5. 5
4. 5
8. 6
6. 5
6 .4
4 .9
4 .9
8 .9
8 .0
7. 4
5. 6
4 .4
.4.9
6 .4
7. !
4. 7
4 .8
10. 4
6 .8
8 .0
7. 6
3. 6
8 .9
7 .8
7 .2
5. 5
4. 5
and
and
and
and
and
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
$ 2 . 60
$ 2 . 70
$ 2 . SO
$ 2 .9 0
$ 3. 00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.
3.
3.
2.
2.
7
3
1
7
0
6. 7
3 .9
5. 4
4 .6
3. 3
4.
3.
2.
2.
1.
1
1
5
2
6
5 .4
3. 7
3. 1
3. 4
2*. 4
5 .0
3 .9
3. 2
3. 0
1 .4
4. 5
3. 2
3. 1
2. 6
1 .9
and
and
and
and
and
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
$ 3 .1 0
$ 3 . 20
$ 3. 30
$ 3. 40
$ 3. 50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 .0
1 .4
1. 0
. 7
.5
4. 1
2. 7
1 .9
.8
. 7
1.
1.
.
.
.
4
0
8
6
4
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
3. 0
1 .2
2. 6
1. 1
1. 3
1 .9
1 .3
.9
.6
.4
---------------------------------------------------
2. 1
4 .9
1. 2
6 .4
1. 2
1. 8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
100. 0
U n d er
$ 1, 60
$ i . 65
$ I . 70
$ 1.
and
and
and
60 ------------------------------------------------- ------u n d er $ 1. 65 --------------------------------------u n d er $ 1. 70 -------------------------------------u n d er $ 1. 75 --------------------------------------
$ 1. 75
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1 .9 0
$ 1 .9 5
and
and
and
and
and
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
$ 2 .0 0
$ 2 . 10
$ 2. 20
$ 2. 30
$ 2 . 40
and
and
and
and
and
$ 2 . 50
$ 2 . 60
$ 2 . 70
$ 2 .8 0
$ 2. 90
$ 3.
$3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
$ 3.
00
10
20
30
40
M en
$ 3 .5 0 and o v e r
T o ta l
------------------------------- --------------------------
N u m b er o f w o r k e r s
---------------------------------------------
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 -----------------------------------
7
3
3
2
1
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
100. 0
8 5 ,8 4 4
1 8 ,2 6 0
6 7 , 584
5 ,4 7 2
1 ,3 4 6
7 5 ,4 5 8
$ 2 . 37
$ 2 . 13
$ 2 . 36
$ 2 . 24
$ 2 . 17
$ 2 . 18
1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s .
2 I n c lu d e s d ata for r e g io n s in ad d ition to th o se sh ow n s e p a r a te ly . F o r d e fin itio n o f r e g io n s (o r a r e a s ) show n in th is o r su b se q u e n t t a b le s , s e e ta b le
in a p p en d ix A.
3 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t.
NO TE:
B e c a u s e of rou n d in g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n ot eq u a l 100.
P a r t I. W o m e n ’s H o s ie r y M ills
Average hourly earnings
The 56,985 production workers in women’s hosiery
mills averaged $2.24 an hour in September 1970—
19 percent more than the $1.89 recorded 3 years
earlier. 8 Wage levels during this period rose 19 percent
in the Southeast, where seven-eighths of the workers
were employed, and 23 percent in the Middle Atlantic
States. In September 1970, workers in these regions
averaged $2.24 and $2.42 an hour, respectively. (See
table 2.)
North Carolina and Tennessee, together employing
about four-fifths of the 49,700 workers in the South
east region, were studied separately, as were two impor
tant hosiery production centers in North Carolina. (See
tables 8—11.) The 5,900 production workers in Tennessee,
averaged $2.05 an hour— 26 cents less than the 34,900
workers in North Carolina ($2.31). Wage levels in
Hickory—Statesville averaged $2.38 and in WinstonSalem-High Point, $2.35.
The 46,200 women in this branch of the industry
averaged $2.20 an hour, while the 10,784 men averaged
$2.43. Wage advantages for men averaged 21 percent in
the Middle Atlantic region and 9 percent in the
Southeast— somewhat smaller than differences recorded
in earlier surveys. In the Southeast, for example, men
averaged 23 percent more than women in February 1962,
17 percent more in October 1964, and 13 percent more
in September 1967.9
The decline in the relative wage advantage for men
over women between the 1962 and 1970 surveys is
partly attributable to changes in the occupational com
position of the work force. A number of low-paid
occupations (compared with the average for all workers)
in which women were predominant declined in import
ance. Toe loopers,for instance, accounted for 17 percent
of the workers in the Southeast in 1962, but for less
than 1 percent in 1970. By contrast, automatic boarders,
sewing-machine operators (pantyhose), and several other
occupations paid above the industry average, and staffed
mostly by women, increased as a proportion of the work
force. The average earnings for men, on the other hand,
were affected adversely by the decline in full-fashioned
hosiery production noted earlier. For example, knitters
5
of full-fashioned hosiery, nearly all men and one of the
highest paid occupations in the industry, decreased from
2,403 in 1962 to 113 in 1970.
The overall effect of such changes in the occupational
composition of the work force was an estimated 7 cents
an hour. That is, had the occupational staffing pattern
remained constant since 1962, the average straight-time
earnings in the women’s hosiery branch would have been
$2.31 an hour, instead of $2.24.
In the Southeast, the only region permitting compar
isons by city and establishment size, workers in metro
politan areas averaged $2.31 an hour— 10 cents more
than those in smaller communities. Workers in establish
ments employing 250 persons or more averaged $2.25,
compared with $2.19 an hour for those in mills em
ploying 100-249 workers and $2.24 for those in mills
employing 20—99 workers. The exact influence on wages
of individual factors, such as size of community and size
of establishment, was not determined in this survey.
Thus, wage differences noted previously and in the fol
lowing discussion of occupational earnings may reflect
the interrelationship of such factors.
Earnings of all but 3 percent of the production
workers were within a range of $1.60 to $3.50 an hour.
(See table 3.) About 8 percent of the workers earned
$1.60 but less than $1.65 an hour, at or near the Federal
minimum for manufacturing. Although the proportions
earning this amount were the same (8 percent) in both
the Southeast and the Middle Atlantic regions, relatively
smaller proportions of workers in the Southeast were
found at the upper end of the earnings array. For
® Op. cit., BLS Bulletin 1562.
Differences in average pay levels for men and women may
be the result of several factors, including variations in the dis
tribution of the sexes among establishments and, as pointed out
in the discussion of industry characteristics, among jobs having
disparate pay levels. Differences noted in averages for men and
women in the same job and area may reflect minor differences
in duties. Job descriptions used to classify workers in wage
surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual
establishments because allowances must be made for possible
minor differences among establishments in specific duties per
formed. Earnings for some jobs in the industry are determined
largely by production at piece rates. Variations in incentive
earnings for individuals or sex groupings may be traceable to
differences in work experience, work flow, or other factors
which the worker may or may not control.
employed on second shifts and less than one-tenth were
on third or other late shifts. (See table 15.) Shift differ
ential payments usually were not provided.
example, one-fifth of the workers in the Middle Atlantic
States earned $3 or more, compared with slightly less
than one-tenth in the Southeast. Factors contributing
to the earnings dispersion include prevalence of incentive
pay systems, variations in establishment pay levels, and
the wide range of skills found in the industry.
Paid holidays. Paid holidays were granted by establish
ments employing three-fifths of the production workers
and nearly seven-eighths of the officeworkers. (See table
16.) Provisions for both groups were more liberal in the
Middle Atlantic States than in the Southeast. In the
former region, workers typically received 5 or 7 days;
in the latter, 5 days or less.
Occupational earnings
Occupations selected to represent various earnings
levels of production workers in women’s hosiery mills
accounted for one-half of the work force in September
1970. (See table 4.) Averages for these jobs ranged from
$1.90 an hour for baggers to $3.11 for knitters of fullfashioned hosiery. Knitting-machine adjusters and fixers,
the next highest paid, averaged $2.91. Sewing-machine
operators making pantyhose, the largest occupational
group studied separately, averaged $2.28.
Paid vacations. Paid vacations, after qualifying periods
of service, were provided by establishments employing
nine-tenths of the production workers and a slightly
larger proportion of the officeworkers. (See table 17.)
The most common vacation provisions for production
workers were 1 week after 1 year, and 2 weeks’ pay after
5 years. Officeworkers most commonly received 1 week
after 1 year and 2 weeks after 2 years. Provisions for 3
weeks’ pay after 15 years, however, applied to nearly
one-fifth of the production workers and to one-third of
the officeworkers. Vacation provisions generally were
more liberal in the Middle Atlantic region than in the
Southeast. For example, after 10 years of service, almost
two-fifths of the production workers in the Middle
Atlantic were in mills providing 3 weeks’ vacation pay;
in the Southeast, the proportion was about one-tenth.
Occupational averages tabulated by size of community,
size of establishment, and method of wage payment are
presented in tables 5-7. In the Southeast, the only region
where comparisons could be made, occupational averages
were usually higher in metropolitan areas than in smaller
communities and higher in mills employing 250 workers
or more than in smaller establishments. Also, averages
were usually higher for incentive workers than for time
rated workers in the same job.
Earnings of individual workers varied widely within
the same job and area (tables 8 -1 1 ), and even within
the same establishment. For instance, in nearly all
Winston-Salem—High Point mills that employed pairers,
the highest exceeded the lowest paid by $1 or more an
hour; in over one-third of these establishments, the wage
spread exceeded $2.50.
Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Life, hospital
ization, and surgical insurance, at least partially paid
for by the employer, covered more than nine-tenths of
the production and officeworkers. Accidental death and
dismemberment insurance, basic medical, and major
medical insurance were available to between one-half and
three-fourths of both employee groups. In most cases,
costs of the plans were shared by employer and employee.
(See table 18.) The proportions of both groups of
workers covered by these health and insurance plans
were nearly always larger in the Southeast than in the
Middle Atlantic region. Hospitalization insurance, for
example, covered nearly all of the plant and officeworkers in the Southeast, compared with about 80 per
cent in the Middle Atlantic States.
Retirement pension plans (other than Federal social
security) were provided by mills employing three-tenths
of the production workers and slightly more than onethird of the officeworkers. Retirement pension plans,
typically financed wholly by the employer, were avail
able to much larger percentages of the workers in the
Establishment practices and supplementary
wage provisions
Information also was obtained for production workers
on shift differential provisions and practices and for pro
duction and office employees on work schedules and
provisions for various supplementary benefits, including
paid holidays, paid vacations, and health, insurance, and
retirement plans.10
Scheduled weekly hours and shift practices. Work
schedules of 40 hours a week were in effect in establish
ments employing 95 percent of the production workers
and 82 percent of the office workers. (See table 13.)
Most of the remaining officeworkers were scheduled to
work 37Vi hours.
Nearly all establishments had provisions for working
late shifts. (See table 14.) At the time of the survey, al
most one-sixth of the production workers were actually
10 For an account of employer expenditures for supplemen
tary wage provisions in the women’s hosiery manufacturing
industry, see E m p lo y e e C om pen sation a n d P a yro ll H ours,
W om en's H osiery M anufacturing, 1 9 6 7 (BLS Report 398, 1969).
6
Southeast than in the Middle Atlantic States. For pro
duction workers, 33 percent in the Southeast, compared
with 4 percent in the Middle Atlantic; for office workers,
41 percent and 2 percent, respectively. Retirement
severance pay was seldom found in the industry.
Other selected benefits. Pay for leave to attend the funer
als of certain family members was available to one-tenth
7
of the production workers and to slightly more than onethird of the offlceworkers. (See table 19.) Jury duty pay
was provided by establishments employing one-third of
the production workers and almost half of the office
employees. Provisions for payments to workers permannently separated from employment because of technolog
ical change or plant closing (technological severance pay)
were not found in the survey.
T a b le 2. W o m e n ’s h osiery mills: A v e ra g e h ourly ea rn in g s by s e le c te d c h a ra c te ris tic s
( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s b y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ,
S e p t e m b e r 1970)
U n ite d S t a te s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s ,
S o u th e a s t
M id d le A t la n tic
U n ite d S t a te s 2
A v e ra g e
h o u r ly
e a rn in g s 1
I te m
N um ber
of
w o rk e r s
A v e ra g e
h o u r ly
e a rn in g s 1
N um ber
of
w o rk ers
A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s --------------------------------------M e n ------------------------------------------------------------------W o m e n ------- - ---------------------------------------------
56, 985
10, 784
4 6 , 201
$ 2 . 24
2. 43
. 20
3, 440
803
2, 637
$ 2 . 42
. 79
2. 30
49, 706
, 260
40, 446
$ 2 . 24
2. 40
. 20
S iz e o f c o m m u n ity :
M e tr o p o li t a n a r e a s 3 ------------------------------------N o n m e tr o p o l it a n a r e a s -----------------------------------
17, 675
3 9 ,3 1 0
2. 20
2. 34
2, 737
-
2. 48
14, 849
34, 857
2. 21
S iz e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t :
w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s --------------------------------------------250 w o r k e r s o r m o r e -------------------------------------
5, 879
10, 505
40, 601
2. 19
2. 31
1, 669
.
-
2. 49
3, 935
, 420
37, 351
2. 24
. 19
2. 25
20-99
2
2. 25
1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a t e s h if t s .
2 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y .
3 S t a n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s a s d e fin e d b y th e U. S. O ffic e of M a n a g e m e n t a n d
NOTE:
D a s h e s in d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r t e d o r d a ta t h a t d o n o t m e e t p u b l ic a ti o n c r i t e r i a .
A v e ra g e
h o u r ly
e a rn in g s 1
2
-
"
N um ber
of
w o rk e rs
9
8
B u d g e t th r o u g h J a n u a r y 1968.
2
2. 31
2
T a b le 3. W o m e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills: E a rn in g s d is trib u tio n
( P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s by a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 U n ite d S ta te s and s e le c t e d r e g io n s ,
S e p te m b e r 1970)
U n ited Sta’t e s 2
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1
A ll
w orkers
M en
M id d le
A tla n tic
W om en
S outh
east
U n der
$ 1. 60
$ 1. 65
$ 1. 70
$ 1 . 6 0 -------------------------------------------and u n d er $ 1. 65 -------------------------and u n d er $ 1. 70 -------------------------and u n d er $ 1. 75 --------------------------
0.
7.
2.
4.
1
6
2
8
( 3)
2. 1
.9
3 .4
0. 1
8 .9
2. 5
5. 2
0. 3
8. 3
1 .4
4. 2
0.
7.
2.
4.
$ 1. 75
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1 .9 0
$ 1 .9 5
and
and
and
and
and
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1. 85
$ 1 .9 0
$ 1. 95
$ 2. 00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. 8
4. 7
4 .9
5 .4
4. 3
2 .9
4. 0
4. 6
5. 1
3. 1
4.
4.
5.
5.
4.
1
9
0
5
6
5.
3.
5.
3.
2.
8
7
3
0
7
3. 7
4. 7
4 .9
5. 7
4. 3
$2.
$2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
00
10
20
30
40
and
and
and
and
and
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
$2.
$2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
10 -------------------------20 -------------------------30 -------------------------40 -------------------------50 --------------------------
8. 7
7. 8
7. 8
5 .9
5. 0
8. 5
6 .9
6 .9
4 .9
5. 3
8.
8.
8.
6.
5.
8
0
0
1
0
8.
5.
6.
3.
4.
0
1
5
8
3
8. 7
8. 0
7 .9
6. 0
5. 2
$2.
$2.
$2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
50
60
70
80
90
and
and
and
and
and
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
$ 2 . 60
$ 2 . 70
$ 2 . 80
$ 2. 90
$ 3 .0 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 .9
3. 7
3. 6
3. 1
2. 3
6. 2
3 .9
5. 5
4 .9
3. 3
4.
3.
3.
2.
2.
6
6
2
7
0
5.
3.
3.
3.
2.
1
5
3
1
2
4 .9
3. 7
3. 7
3. 1
2. 3
$ 3 . 00
$ 3 .1 0
$ 3 . 20
$ 3. 30
$ 3. 40
and
and
and
and
and
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
$ 3 . 10 -------------------------$ 3 . 2 0 -------------------------$ 3 . 30 -------------------------$ 3. 40 -------------------------$ 3. 50 --------------------------
2 .4
1 .6
1. 2
.8
.6
4.
2.
2.
.
.
1. 9
1 .4
1 .0
.9
.6
3.
2.
3.
1.
1.
2
8
2
5
1
2 .4
1. 5
1 .0
.8
.5
$ 3 . 50 and o v e r ----------------------------------------
7
6
0
7
6
1
6
2
5
2. 7
6 .9
1. 6
8. 7
2. 4
100. 0
100. 0
1 0 0 .0
100. 0
100. 0
--------------------------------
5 6 ,9 8 5
10, 78 4
4 6 ,2 0 1
3 ,4 4 0
49, 706
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 ----------------------
$ 2 . 24
$ 2 . 43
$ 2 . 20
$ 2 . 42
$ 2 . 24
T o ta l
----------------------------------------------
N u m b er o f w o r k e r s
1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s .
2 I n c lu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
3 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t.
NO TE:
B e c a u s e of ro u n d in g , s u m s of in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u a l 100.
T ab le 4. W om en's hosiery mills: Occupational averages—all mills
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s , U n ited S ta te s and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
N u m ber
of
w orkers
H o u rly e a r n in g s 1
M ean 3
M ed ia n 3
S o u th e a s t
M id d le A tla n tic
U n ited S ta te s 2
O cc u p a tio n and s e x
M id d le r a n g e 3
N um ber
of
w orkers
H o u r ly e a r n in g s 1
M ean 3
M ed ia n 3
M id d le r a n g e 3
N um ber
of
w orkers
M ean 3
M ed ia n 3
H o u r ly e a r n in g s 1
M id dle r a n g e 3
P la n t o c c u p a tio n s
K n ittin g :
A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g
m a c h in e s (2 , 7 62 m e n , 52 w o m e n )4——
S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , f u l l - o r k n e e le n g th (2 ,4 2 9 m e n , 51 w o m e n ) ——
S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a lf - h o s e
(1 5 2 m e n , 1 w o m a n ) —------------------C o l l e c t io n - s y s t e m i n s p e c t o r s —------—
W o m e n -----------------------------------------C o l l e c t io n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s --------------M en - ■------- —
--------------------------------W o m e n -----------------------------------------K n it t e r s , f u ll- f a s h io n e d h o s i e r y 4 - ——
51 g a u g e (56 m e n , 20 w o m e n ) —-----K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y
s in g le - fe e d 4 ~
■■ - ...... - M en —-----------------------------------------—
W o m e n -------------------------------------- —
4 00 n e e d le s —------------------------------------M e n ------ ------------------------------------- —
W o m e n ---- ------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y ,
t w o - f e e d 4 --------------------------------------------M e n -------------------------------------- ------ —
W om en — -----------------------------------4 0 0 n e e d l e s ---------------------------------------i—
W o m e n ------- ---------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's h o s i e r y , f o u r f e e d 4 -------------- -------------------------------------M e n ---------------------------------------------- W om en —---------------------------------------400 n e e d le s (71 m e n , 149 w o m e n )—
K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s ie r y ,
s i x - f e e d (8 m e n , 28 w o m e n ) 4 —-----—
400 n e e d le s (8 m e n , 28 w o m e n )—
K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s ie r y ,
e ig h t - f e e d (123 m e n , 9 3 w o m e n ) 4 ----400 n e e d le s (1 2 3 m e n , 70 w o m e n )—
K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic (3 2 m e n , 503
w o m e n ) ------ -----------------------------------------K n it t e r s , r ib —------------------------------- ——
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic (78 m e n , 958
wom G n)
■' ■—
—
B o a r d e r s , o th e r th a n a u to m a tic —
—
M en —— — ------------------------------------W om en — ------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , Dunn m e th o d — --------------- —
M e n ------------------------------------------- —
W o m e n -----------------------------------------P r e b o a r d e r s -----------------------------------------M e n ----------------------------------------- — —
W om en — —------------ ------------------—-
S e e fo o tn o te s at en d o f ta b le .
2 ,8 1 4
$ 2 .9 1
$ 2 .8 5
$ 2 . 52—$3. 15
-
-
-
-
2, 502
$ 2 .9 1
$ 2 .8 0
$ 2 . 50—$3. 13
2 ,4 8 0
2 .9 3
2 .8 5
2 . 5 5 - 3 .2 0
-
-
-
-
2, 305
2 .9 3
2 .8 5
2. 5 5 - 3. 15
153
716
697
489
249
240
113
76
2 .8 3
2 .0 8
2 .0 8
2. 24
2 .3 9
2 .0 8
3. 11
3 .0 0
2 .8 5
2. 15
2. 15
2. 15
2. 25
2. 10
3. 17
2 .9 3
2. 6 1 1 .9 0 1 .9 0 1 .9 5 2 .0 0 1 .9 0 2. 5 3 2 .4 3 -
3 . 10
2 .2 0
2 . 20
2 .6 0
2 .8 5
2 .1 5
3 .6 0
3 .5 9
_
.
-
-
$ 3 .4 6
2. 72
2 .0 8
2 .0 8
2 .2 5
2 .4 2
2 .0 8
-
2 .6 7
2. 15
2. 15
2. 15
2. 6 0
2. 10
-
2 .6 0 1 .9 0 1 .9 0 1 .9 5 2 .0 0 1 .9 0 -
2 .9 0
2 . 20
2. 20
2 .8 5
2 .8 5
2. 15
49
$ 3 . 14
103
670
666
471
233
238
-
237
55
182
19 2
52
140
2. 14
2. 55
2 .0 1
2. 18
2 .5 7
2 .0 4
1 .9 8
2. 38
1 .9 5
2 .0 0
2 .4 3
1 .9 5
1 .8 5 2 .0 7 1 .8 4 1 .8 7 2 .0 4 1 .8 2 -
2. 30
3 .0 0
2 .0 9
2. 37
3 .0 0
2 .2 2
_
_
-
_
-
-
237
55
182
192
52
140
2. 14
2. 55
2 .0 1
2. 18
2. 57
2 .0 4
1 .9 8
2. 38
1 .9 5
2. 00
2. 43
1 .9 5
1 .8 5 2 .0 7 1 .8 4 1 .8 7 2. 0 4 1 .8 2 -
2. 30
3 .0 0
2 .0 9
2. 37
3. 00
2. 22
734
294
44 0
537
28 5
252
2. 30
2 .4 4
2. 21
2 . 25
2 .4 5
2 .0 2
2. 26
2. 45
2. 11
2 .2 0
2 .4 5
1 .9 5
1 .9 5 2. 1 7 1 .9 4 1 .9 4 2. 1 8 1 .8 9 -
2 .5 5
2 .6 0
2 .4 0
2 .4 5
2 .6 3
2 . 17
51
51
_
51
51
-
613
243
370
472
234
238
2 .2 5
2. 34
2. 18
2. 19
2. 35
2 .0 3
2. 20
2. 44
2. 06
2. 16
2. 45
1 .9 5
1 .9 5 2. 1 0 1 .9 0 1 .9 0 2. 0 7 1 .8 8 -
2. 45
2. 53
2. 33
2 .4 5
2. 55
2. 18
267
84
183
22 0
2 .2 7
2 .7 6
2 .0 5
2. 33
2 .0 6
2 .4 5
2 .0 0
2. 16
1 .9 0 2 .3 3 1 .8 2 1 .8 5 -
2 .4 5
3. 50
2 . 14
2 .4 6
_
_
_
-
_
-
-
-
216
47
169
181
2. 12
2 .3 9
2 .0 5
2. 14
2.
2.
2.
2.
1 .8 5 2 .2 9 1 .8 4 1 .8 4 -
2. 32
2 .4 5
2. 10
2 .3 3
36
36
2 .0 7
2 .0 7
2 .1 2
2. 12
1 . 9 0 - 2 . 13
1 . 9 0 - 2. 13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36
36
2 .0 7
2 .0 7
2. 12
2. 12
1 . 9 0 - 2. 13
1 . 9 0 - 2. 13
216
193
2. 20
2. 24
2 . 14
2. 20
1 . 9 0 - 2. 30
2 . 0 0 - 2 .4 0
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
158
135
2. 11
2. 15
2. 13
2. 20
1 . 9 0 - 2. 30
2. 0 0 - 2. 30
53 5
-
1 .9 8
-
2 .0 1
-
1 . 8 0 - 2. 13
-
-
-
-
-
503
-
1 .9 7
-
2. 00
-
1 . 8 0 - 2. 13
-
1 ,0 3 6
1, 134
22
1, 112
781
87
694
2, 78 2
121
2 ,6 6 1
2 .4 1
2. 37
2. 10
2 . 37
2 .4 2
2 .7 5
2 .3 7
2 .4 2
3. 16
2 .3 9
2 . 34
2. 30
2 .0 3
2 .3 1
2. 38
2 .6 6
2 .3 4
2 .4 1
2 .9 9
2. 37
2. 0 2 2 .0 8 1 .8 5 2 .1 0 1 .9 0 2 .3 6 1 .8 8 1 .9 5 2 .5 7 1 .9 3 -
_
_
_
_
_
230
152
_
_
2 .5 9
2 .2 7
928
1 ,0 5 7
22
1 ,0 3 5
633
633
2, 358
37
2, 321
2. 41
2. 37
2. 10
2. 37
2. 28
2. 28
2. 40
2 .9 3
2 .4 0
2 .3 4
2. 30
2. 03
2. 31
2. 25
2. 25
2. 41
3. 00
2. 39
2. 0 1 2 .0 8 1 .8 5 2. 1 0 1 .8 4 1 .8 4 1 .9 5 2 .6 6 1 .9 4 -
2 . 75
2 .6 2
2. 17
2 .6 3
2 .7 4
3 .0 5
2 .7 0
2 .8 0
3 .3 7
2 .7 8
-
2 .8 9
2 .8 9
2 .8 9
2 .8 9
-
-
2 .7 5
2 .4 5
-
3 .0 0
3. 00
3 .0 0
3 .0 0
-
$ 2 . 52—$3. 59
2. 5 0 2. 5 0 2. 5 0 2. 5 0 -
3. 30
3. 30
3. 30
3. 30
_
2. 1 1 - 3. 16
1 . 9 4 - 2 .9 0
01
45
00
01
2. 75
2 .6 3
2. 17
2. 63
2. 58
2. 58
2 .7 9
3. 34
2 .7 9
Table 4. W o m e n ’s hosiery mills: Occupational averages—all mills—Continued
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s , U n ited S ta te s and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
U nited S ta te s 2
O c c u p a tio n and s e x
N u m b er
of
w orkers
M ean 3
S o u th e a st
M id d le A tla n tic
H o u rly e a r n in g s 1
,
M ed ia n 3
M id d le ra n g e 3
N u m be r
of
w orkers
H ou rly e a r n in g s 1
M ean 3
M ed ia n 3
M id d le r a n g e 3
N u m be r
of
w orkers
H ou rly e a r n in g s 1
M ean3
M edian 3
M id dle ran ge 3
P la n t o c c u p a t io n s — C o n tin u e d
M is c e ll a n e o u s :
B a g g e r s (1 3 m e n , 170 w o m e n ) —
—
B o x e r s (7 m e n , 342 w o m e n ) ------ — — —
E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s )
(13 m e n , 2, 2 5 4 w o m e n ) » ■
F o l d e r s ( a ll w o m e n )------ -----------------------F o ld e r s and b o x e r s (13 m e n , 3 ,8 2 4
w o m e n )— ------------------------------------------ —
L io o p e r s, t o e ( a ll w o m e n )--------------- — —
M e n d e r s , hand , f in is h ( a ll w o m e n ) ----M e n d e r s , hand , g r e y (1 m a n , 431
w o m e n ) — — —— ----------- ------ -—-—------ —P a i r e r s (2 m e n , 2 , 114 w o m e n ) ----------S e a m e r s , f u ll- f a s h io n e d h o s i e r y
(1 m a n , 87 w o m e n ) —-------------------------S e a m e r s , to e (46 m e n , 3, 106
w o m e n ) ------ -------------------------------------- —
S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a to r s (panty
h o s e ) (108 m e n , 5, 3 9 4 w o m e n )---------T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e o p e r a to r s (3 m en ,
191 w o m e n ) -------------------------------------- —
183
349
$ 1 .9 0
2. 07
$ 1 .8 0
1 .9 1
$ 1 .6 5 —$2. 00
1 . 7 0 - 2 .4 1
53
$ 1 .9 4
$ 1 .7 0
$ 1 . 7 0 —$2. 30
163
265
$ 1 .9 0
2. 15
$ 1 .8 0
2. 11
$ 1 .6 2 —$1. 98
1 . 7 5 - 2. 46
2 ,2 6 7
1 ,2 8 0
2. 22
2. 21
2. 13
2. 10
1 . 8 2 - 2. 50
1 . 8 1 - 2 .4 9
300
59
2. 16
1 .8 1
2 .0 5
1 .7 0
1 . 8 8 - 2 .4 1
1 . 7 0 - 1 .8 6
1 ,8 1 7
1, 168
2. 24
2. 24
2. 15
2. 13
1 . 8 3 - 2. 52
1 . 8 6 - 2. 53
3 ,8 3 7
67
931
2. 18
2. 18
2. 30
2 . 12
2. 10
2 . 18
1 . 8 1 - 2 .4 4
1 . 9 2 - 2 .3 4
1 . 8 8 - 2. 56
22 4
2 . 19
2 .0 4
1 . 8 5 - 2 .4 9
3, 197
56
807
2. 17
2. 21
2. 21
2. 10
2. 14
2. 12
1 . 8 0 - 2 .4 3
1 . 9 4 - 2. 47
1 . 8 5 - 2. 45
432
2, 116
2. 27
2. 41
2 .0 9
2 .3 2
1 . 7 9 - 2 .5 2
1 . 9 6 - 2 .7 6
49
160
339
1 ,8 2 0
2. 25
2. 41
2. 10
2. 33
1 . 7 8 - 2. 53
1 . 9 6 - 2. 75
-
-
-
2. 56
2 .4 8
-
2. 18
2. 39
88
2. 11
1 .9 9
1 . 8 0 - 2 .4 5
_
3, 152
2 .2 5
2 . 20
1 . 8 9 - 2 .5 4
171
2. 30
2. 26
5, 502
2. 28
2 . 20
1 . 8 8 - 2. 59
383
2 . 58
2. 56
194
2. 00
1 .8 9
1 . 7 1 - 2 . 16
31
1 .8 5
1 .8 6
159
44
8
47
2. 18
2 .4 8
2. 20
1 .9 6
2 . 15
2 .4 8
1 .9 0
1 . 9 3 - 2. 37
2 . 0 0 - 2 .7 5
1 . 8 3 - 2. 06
18
”
2 .0 2
_
2. 06
-
-
-
-
1 . 9 8 - 3 .0 9
1 . 9 1 - 2 .9 4
-
1 . 8 5 - 2. 58
•
2. 1 6 - 2 . 9 4
-
_
-
_
2, 670
2. 26
2. 20
1 . 9 1 - 2. 55
4, 8 75
2. 26
2. 18
1 . 8 7 - 2. 56
1 . 8 5 - 1 .8 9
127
2. 08
1 .9 5
1 . 7 6 - 2. 30
1 . 9 3 - 2. 15
*
127
39
8
35
2.
2.
2.
1.
2. 25
2 .6 0
1 . 9 6 - 2. 41
2. 1 0 - 2 .8 0
1 . 8 1 - 2. 04
O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s
C le r k s , p a y r o ll (2 m e n , 157 w o m e n )——
S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ( a ll w o m e n )——
T y p is t s , c l a s s A ( a ll w o m e n ) --------------- —
T y p is t s , c l a s s B ( a ll w o m e n ) ------------------1
2
3
4
E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s .
In c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a te ly .
S e e a p p e n d ix A fo r m eth o d u s e d in c o m p u tin g m e a n s , m e d ia n s , and m id d le r a n g e s o f e a r n in g s .
I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
NOTE:
D a s h e s in d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r te d o r d a ta that do n ot m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a .
-
-
"
22
53
20
94
-
1 .9 0
Table 5. W o m en ’s hosiery mills: Occupational averages—by size of community
(N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s b y s iz e of c o m m u n ity , U n ite d S ta te s and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
O cc u p a tio n and s e x
M e tr o p o lita n a r e a s
S o u th e a st
M id dle A tla n tic
U n ited S ta te s 2
N > n m etro p o lita n a r e a s
A verage
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s 1
M e tr o p o lita n a r e a s
N u m b er
of
w orkers
M e tr o p o lita n a r e a s
A verage
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s 1
N u m ber
of
w orkers
$ 3 . 20
3. 21
_
.
2. 89
2. 89
-
833
807
N u m ber
of
w orkers
A verage
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s 1
N u m b er
of
w orkers
829
863
$ 3 . 13
3. 14
1, 87 0
1, 566
9
42
177
168
27
22
_
$2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
571
206
106
342
154
115
81
38
38
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
05
05
00
28
05
94
94
94
94
_
_
_
-
_
_
86
2. 67
218
59
183
2. 16
1. 81
2. 24
A verage
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s 1
N on m etrop c>litan a r e a s
N u m b er
of
w orkers
A verage
h o u r ly ^
e a r n in g s .
1 ,6 1 9
1 ,4 4 9
9
42
168
177
20
17
-
$ 2 . 78
2 .8 1
2. 58
2. 74
2. 28
2. 29
2. 40
2. 44
-
540
204
106
272
140
101
77
15
15
2 .0 5
2 .0 5
2 .0 0
2. 26
2. 06
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
2. 03
2. 03
M en
K n ittin g :
A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 3 ---------------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , f u ll - o r k n e e - le n g t h ------------------------K n it t e r s , f u ll - f a s h io n e d h o s i e r y ---------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , s in g le - f e e d 3 -------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s ie r y , t w o - fe e d 3 -----------4 0 0 n e e d l e s ----------------------------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s ie r y , f o u r -f e e d 3 ----------400 n e e d l e s ----------------------------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s ie r y , e ig h t- fe e d 3 --------400 n e e d l e s -----------------------------------------------------------------------
_
117
117
57
49
71
71
_
2. 67
. 2 .6 7
2. 9 4
3. 06
2. 43
2. 43
_
_
98
98
_
_
1. 98
1. 98
_
_
1 .9 9
2. 09
80
81
58
74
28
29
38
45
-
59
56
_
_
51
51
-
-
-
-
$ 3 . 12
3. 13
-
-
-
27
59
59
-
2. 39
-
2. 25
2. 25
W om en
K n ittin g:
C o l l e c t io n - s y s t e m i n s p e c t o r s --------------------------------------------C o l l e c t io n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s ---------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , s in g le - f e e d ----------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s ie r y , t w o -fe e d 3 ----------4 0 0 n e e d l e s ----------------------------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , fo u r -f e e d 3 --------40 0 n e e d l e s ----------------------------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , e ig h t - f e e d 3 -----------4 0 0 n e e d l e s ----------------------------------------------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic ------------------------------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r th a n a u t o m a t i c ----------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , Dunn m e th o d -------------------------------------------------------P r e b o a r d e r s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
_
55
32
246
96
332
970
2.
2.
2.
2.
35
50
57
51
712
1, 016
362
1, 691
2.
2.
2.
2.
38
36
19
32
M is c e lla n e o u s :
21
B a g g e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------648
E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) ------------------------------476
F o l d e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1, 260
F o ld e r s a n d b o x e r s --------------------------------------------------------------289
M e n d e r s, hand , f i n i s h --------------------------------------------------------120
M e n d e r s, hand, g r e y ---------------------------------------------------------994
P a i r e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------752
S e a m e r s , t o e -------------------------------------------------------------------------S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a to r s ( p a n t y h o s e ) ------------------------------ 1, 482
47
T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s -----------------------------------------------123
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
49
22
45
16
66
36
49
35
36
05
149
1, 606
804
2, 564
64 2
311
1, 120
2, 354
3, 91 2
144
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
80
22
07
19
14
23
34
22
25
99
1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s .
2 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
3 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
N O TE:
D a s h e s in d ic a t e n o d a ta r e p o r te d or d ata that do n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a .
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
98
98
-
55
32
_
-
-
-
38
150
129
283
11
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
57
52
34
61
76
1. 98
1. 98
1. 99
2. 09
246
96
277
8 84
2.
2.
2.
2.
35
50
41
50
658
939
356
1, 437
2.
2.
2.
2.
41
36
18
33
15
430
417
1, 041
223
82
8 44
623
1, 119
36
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
69
25
54
14
38
26
48
35
30
14
138
1, 384
751
2, 156
584
257
976
2, 007
3, 568
88
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
80
24
08
18
14
25
36
23
24
06
T a b le 6. W o m e n ’s h o s ie ry mills: O c c u p a tio n a l a v e ra g e s —by s ize o f e s ta b lis h m e n t
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s b y s iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t , U n ited S ta te s and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
U n ited S ta te s
M id d le A tla n tic
2
E s t a b lis h m e n ts h a v in g —
O cc u p a tio n and s e x
2 0 -9 9
w orkers
N u m b er
A verage
of
h o u r ly
w orkers
e a r n in g s 1
1 0 0 -2 4 9
w orkers
N um ber
A verage
of
h o u r ly
w orkers
e a r n in g s 1
250 w o r k e r s
or m o re
N u m ber
A verage
h o u r ly
of
w orkers
e a r n in g s 1
2 0 -9 9
w orkers
N u m b er
A verage
of
h o u r ly
w orkers
e a r n in g s 1
2 0 -9 9
w orkers
N u m b er
A verage
of
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s
w orkers
1
1 0 0 --249
w or k e r s
N u m b er
A verage
of
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s 1
w orkers
250 w o r k e r s
or m o r e
N um ber
A verage
of
h o u r ly
w orkers
e a r n in g s
M en
K n ittin g :
A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g
m a c h in e s 3 -----------------------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , f u ll - or
-------------------k n e e - le n g t h
K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s
h o s ie r y , t w o - f e e d 3 --------------4 00 n e e d l e s -------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s
h o s i e r y , f o u r - f e e d 3 -------------4 00 n e e d le s ------------------------
4 74
$ 2 . 75
572
$ 2 . 73
1, 716
$ 3 . 01
415
2. 74
478
2. 73
1, 536
3. 04
-
-
103
103
2. 65
2. 65
2. 32
2. 33
51
51
$ 2.
2.
54
44
2. 40
2. 43
_
_
_
_
-
-
187
178
2. 95
3. 13
_
_
21
137
-
2. 05
-
143
31
60
1. 87
18
432
$ 2 . 70
483
$ 2 . 73
1, 537
$ 3 . 01
391
2. 70
433
2. 76
1, 432
3. 04
2. 32
2. 33
18
2. 40
2. 43
407
187
2 . 10
89
_
_
_
_
89
-
-
-
-
187
178
_
_
_
.
21
W om en
K n ittin g :
C o l l e c t io n - s y s t e m in s p e c t o r s
C o l l e c t io n - s y s t e m o p e r a t c r s K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s
h o s ie r y , f o u r - f e e d 3 -------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s
h o s ie r y , e ig h t - f e e d 3
4 00 n e e d l e s -------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g :
B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u to
m a tic —
B o a r d e r s , Dunn m e t h o d --------P r e b o a r d e r s ---------------------------M is c e ll a n e o u s :
E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y
in s p e c t o r s ) ---------------------------F o ld e r s -----------------------------------F o ld e r s and b o x e r s -----------------M e n d e r s, hand, f in i s h ------------M e n d e r s, hand, g r e y -------------P a i r e r s ------------------------------------S e a m e r s , t o e ---------------------------T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s -
_
.
-
-
-
-
172
2. 24
299
191
217
35
90
193
565
45
2.
.
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
2
32
1. 91
1. 94
417
189
-
131
-
2. 03
-
128
31
1. 94
1. 94
2. 14
65
1. 98
-
-
-
-
-
-
65
1. 98
1. 95
1. 95
50
27
1. 95
2. 02
_
_
_
_
_
_
“
-
-
-
-
-
50
27
2
62
159
636
2. 33
2. 50
2. 36
1, 003
385
1, 85 3
2. 40
2 . 22
2. 42
-
-
-
94
2. 56
-
58
153
543
2. 15
1, 569
1 , 016
2, 513
760
227
1, 553
1, 86 3
99
2. 31
1 . 81
2. 03
136
-
386
-
01
-
-
87
58
17
26
24
80
1, 094
136
114
368
678
47
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
15
16
23
31
17
94
D a s h e s in d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r te d or data that do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a .
-
33
33
E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s .
In c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
NO TE :
2. 14
. 10
2
.
.
.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
-
2
22
101
2
2
26
22
59
81
32
32
45
28
13
_
31
68
99
■
_
2. 32
2. 55
2. 34
196
20
59
118
447
2. 34
-
1. 77
2. 13
2 . 09
2 . 12
2. 23
"
320
2. 30
2. 48
2. 36
2
-
915
93
108
245
423
20
.
11
_
. 11
2 . 15
2. 22
2. 36
2. 20
2 . 06
2
930
348
1 ,7 0 7
1, 298
016
146
694
172
1, 457
1, 760
91
1,
2,
1. 95
. 02
2. 40
2 . 16
2. 43
2. 25
2 . 26
2. 22
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
22
33
45
28
14
1
T a b le 7 . W o m e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills :
O c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s —by m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s by m eth o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t, U n ited S ta te s and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S e p te m b e r 1 970)
U n ited S ta te s
O cc u p a tio n and s e x
T im e w orkers
A verage
N u m b er
h o u r ly
of
e a r n in g s
w orkers
South e a s t
M id d le A tla n tic
12
I n c e n tiv e
w orkers
A verage
N um ber
h o u r ly
of
e a r n in g s
w orkers
T im e w o r k e rs
A verage
N u m ber
h o u r ly
of
e a r n in g s
w orkers
I n c e n tiv e
w orkers
N u m b er
A verage
h o u r ly
of
e a r n in g s
w orkers
T im e w orkers
A verage
N u m b er
h o u r ly
of
e a r n in g s
w orkers
Ince: ntive
w o r kers
A verage
N u m b er
h o u r ly
of
ea r n in g s
w orkers
M en
K n ittin g:
A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 3 -----------------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , f u l l - o r k n e e - le n g t h
--------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , two-^feed 3 -----------40 0 n e e d l e s ----------------------------------------------------------------------
2 ,6 5 9
2 ,3 2 6
128
$ 2 .9 0
2 .9 2
2 .6 4
122
2 .6 6
490
114
-
2 .1 1
.
51
51
103
103
166
163
$ 3 . 08
3 .0 8
2 . 28
2 . 28
207
326
208
97
87
29
29
2 . 00
2 . 16
2 .0 4
2 . 19
2 . 21
1 .9 4
1 .9 4
-
957
2. 37
2. 37
2. 37
2 .3 9
_
$ 2 . 89
2 . 89
_
_
-
-
_
-
465
107
62
13
13
64
41
1 .8 9
1 .8 9
1 .9 9
2 . 06
$ 2 .3 5
-
~
903
1 ,0 3 3
633
2 ,3 1 0
_
65
45
1 .7 6
1 .9 1
1 ,7 6 9
2 ,3 5 2
2 ,1 5 6
77
71
$ 2 . 89
2 .9 2
2 .4 8
2 . 50
100
100
166
163
$ 3 .0 4
3 .0 4
2 . 28
2 . 28
W om en
K n ittin g:
C o lle c t io n - s y s t e m i n s p e c t o r s ---------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , t w o - fe e d 3 -----------4 00 n e e d l e s -----------------------------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , f o u r - f e e d 3 -----------4 00 n e e d l e s -----------------------------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , s i x - f e e d 3 ------------4 0 0 n e e d l e s -----------------------------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s h o s i e r y , e ig h t - f e e d 3 ---------4 00 n e e d l e s ------------------------------------------------------------------------
86
62
13
13
64
41
2 .3 8
1 .8 9
1.8 8
1 .8 9
1 .8 9
1 .9 9
2 .0 6
_
_
-
"
-
-
128
_
_
.
-
86
. 12
2. 40
1 .8 9
2
1 .8 8
201
263
201
83
83
-
1 .9 9
2 . 10
2 .0 4
2 . 21
2 . 21
"
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic ----------------------------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u to m a tic ----------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , Dunn m eth o d ------------------------------------------------------P r e b o a r d e r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
105
157
1 .7 5
1 .9 4
1
,
110
690
2 ,6 2 6
2 .4 0
2. 38
2 .2 8
2 .4 0
M is c e lla n e o u s
B o x e r s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y i n s p e c t o r s ) ----------------------------F o ld e r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------F o ld e r s and b o x e r s ------------------------------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, f in is h -------------------------------------------------------M e n d e r s , h and , g r e y ----------------------------------------------------------P a i r e r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------S e a m e r s , t o e ------------------------------------------------------------------------S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s (p a n ty h o s e ) ---------------------------T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e o p e r a to r s -----------------------------------------------
1
2
3
197
69
83
1 .8 2
2 .0 4
66
213
1 .8 5
2 .0 4
38
1 .7 4
2 .0 0
237
2 ,0 9 7
1 ,2 4 7
3 ,6 2 7
862
348
2 ,0 4 8
2 ,8 9 3
5 ,3 9 1
153
E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s .
I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
In c lu d e s d a ta fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
N O TE:
D a s h e s in d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r te d o r d ata that do n ot m e e t p u b lica tio n c r it e r ia .
. 22
2. 24
2 . 22
2 . 20
2. 32
2. 32
2 .4 3
2 . 26
2 . 28
2 .0 8
2
71
1 .9 7
15
17
31
1 .9 3
1 .7 5
1 .8 1
_
. 26
1 .9 1
191
32
2
33
141
134
383
. 80
2. 58
2 .4 1
2. 58
126
68
2
196
1 ,1 6 2
66
43
182
1 .7 4
2. 05
2 . 02
1 .8 9
2 .0 8
3 ,0 7 1
739
273
1. 777
2 ,4 4 8
4 , 767
119
. 28
2. 25
2. 25
2 . 19
2 . 22
2. 31
2 .4 3
2. 27
2 . 26
2 . 10
2
T a b le
9.
W o m e n 's h o s ie ry m ills: O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s —N o rth C a ro lin a
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s ,
O cc u p a tio n and s e x
A ll p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s ------M e n ------------------------------------W o m e n --------------------------------
S e p te m b e r 1970)
N u m b er of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t - •tim e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of—
N u m ber A verage
$ 1 . 6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.85' $ 1 .9 0 P 7 9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 . 9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 . 6 o $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0
of
h o u rly
and
and
w o r k e r s e a r n in g s 1
und er
$ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 o v e r
1 ,3 6 9 1, 379 1 , 9 1 8 1 ,4 6 3 2 ,8 3 0 2, 943 2 ,8 6 4 2, 219 1 ,9 7 3 1 ,9 4 3 1 ,4 6 0 1 ,3 5 8 1, 358 L, 014 1 ,0 3 3
396
442
255
43 2
594
531
323
243
302
418
273
378
292
477
21 8
655
940
741
1 ,0 7 7 1, 124 1 ,4 8 6 1 ,245 2 ,2 3 6 2 ,4 1 2 2, 387 1 ,8 9 6 1, 577 1, 501 1, 217 1, 056
2 ,1 6 3 560
31
100
*2,063 529
1, 392 95 3
24 4 166
1, 148 787
2 .9 5
2 .9 4
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
20
4
4
49
49
34
34
57
57
58
58
82
82
140
140
107
107
161
160
139
132
122
16
1, 636
1, 551
85
2 .9 6
2 .9 5
3. 14
_
_
-
_
-
-
-
_
-
5
5
-
20
2
16
4
2
48
48
-
32
32
-
51
51
-
52
52
-
78
78
-
135
135
-
75
75
-
151
150
134
127
7
102
2 .7 2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
2
6
6
4
3
32
10
9
-
22
1
-
8
-
4
40
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
3
46
42
46
42
16
17
15
15
13
7
16
6
2
2
16
3
3 4 ,9 1 4
6 , 912
2 8 ,0 0 2
$ 2 . 31
2 .4 3
2. 27
1 ,7 4 9
1, 6 6 4
666
158
508
806
145
661
112
198
341
453
386
188
164
81
83
153
98
55
94
5
89
S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n
o c c u p a t io n s — m e n
K n ittin g
A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s ,
k n ittin g m a c h in e s 3 -------------T i m e -----------------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , f u llo r k n e e - le n g t h ---------------T i m e -----------------------I n c e n t i v e -----------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a lfh o s e ( a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) —
C o l l e c t io n - s y s t e m o p e r a to r s
( a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) --------------K n it t e r s , f u ll- f a s h io n e d
206
2 .4 6
2
-
2 . 58
K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s
h o s ie r y :
S i n g le - f e e d 3 4 b / --------------4 0 0 n e e d l e s * b / -------------T w o - f e e d 3 ------------------------T i m e -----------------------4 0 0 n e e d l e s ------------------T im e —
----F o u r - f e e d 3 -------------------------T im e -i----------------------4 00 n e e d l e s 4 a / -------------E ig h t - f e e d , 4 0 0 n e e d le s
( a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) -----------
35
32
-
-
1
1
2
2
1
_
_
-
-
3
3
-
77
95
71
37
32
26
2. 57
2 .6 1
2. 51
2 .4 8
2 .5 2
2. 50
2 . 41
2 .4 0
2 .4 8
88
2
20
-
-
4
-
5
-
7
-
24
2 .9 1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
1
101
.
2
2
_
_
_
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
-
2
2
4
3
-
2
2
-
3
3
5
3
1
2
-
10
4
19
14
21
4
-
-
1
-
2
-
2
-
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
1
1
6
1
217
209
103
64
62
66
62
42
187
187
71
71
65
65
-
109
107
209
100
201
2
8
61
39
59
59
-
58
34
24
183
183
-
70
70
-
65
65
-
-
5
13
8
3
3
4
-
1
-
-
116
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
8
8
6
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
120
2
5
3
5
3
-
6
6
2
2
5
1
2
1
4
2
5
6
1
1
1
2
2
1
4
-
-
2
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
4
1
1
4
4
-
1
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic ( a ll
in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) -----------B o a r d e r s , o t h e r th a n a u to
m a tic ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w o r k e r s ) ------------------------------P r e b o a r d e r s ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w o r k e r s ) -------------------------------
20
2
2
-
-
37
2 .9 3
-
1
-
2. 13
. 16
2. 05
3
2
8
38
5
12
1
3
2
1
8
33
11
. 11
2. 13
2
1
-
-
g
-
g
3
2
-
2 .0 2
20
18
3
3
_
3
3
13
13
1
2. 03
. 26
2. 40
2. 13
1 .9 9
15
15
.
09
1
8
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
3
1
3
6
1
2
-
1
7
7
2
-
-
-
25
43
37
14
2
1
-
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
107
14
32
29
3
7
9
109
105
4
121
16
7
10
2
1
-
3
1
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
1
33
25
5
1
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
_
5
_
4
4
_
3
_
3
_
7
4
4
6
44
42
3
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
1
-
2
2
_
2
_
1
1
_
_
.
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
K n ittin g
C o l l e c t io n - s y s t e m
i n s p e c t o r s ----------------------------I n c e n tiv e — --------------C o l l e c t io n - s y s t e m
T i m e -----------------------K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s
h o s ie r y :
S i n g l e - f e e d -----------------------I n c e n t i v e ------------------T w o - f e e d 3 --------------------------T i m e -----------------------I n c e n tiv e ------------------4 00 n e e d l e s ^ b / --------------
442
311
131
178
146
134
122
233
107
126
109
S e e f o o tn o t e s a t en d o f t a b le .
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
_
_
_
_
10
2
3
3
12
_
_
12
3
3
9
4
5
11
6
1
_
18
5
13
18
18
-
18
18
28
8
43
22
22
6
21
26
28
8
72
1
68
1
26
16
8
10
15
5
5
5
13
7
7
7
17
17
5
8
2
27
25
8
8
11
4
1
-
7
7
6
-
_
11
6
_
6
.
2
_
_
T a b le 8. W o m e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills: O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s —N o rth C a ro lin a —C o n tin u e d
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 of p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s ,
O c c u p a tio n and s e x
S e p te m b e r 1970)
N u m b er of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of
N u m ber A v era g e
$ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0
of
h o u r ly
w o r k e r s e a r n in g s 123 and
and
u n d er
$ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 o v e r
S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n
o c c u p a t io n s — w o m e n —
C on tin u ed
K n ittin g— C o n tin u ed
K n it t e r s , w o m e n 's s e a m l e s s
h o s i e ry----C on tinued
F o u r - f e e d 4 b / ---------------------E ig h t -f e e d , 4 0 0 n e e d le s —
T im e -----------------------K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic
( a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) ------
$ 2 . 14
2. 15
2 . 15
-
-
-
5
-
143
2. 13
-
1
6
1
806
2. 42
66
105
26
20
5
1
1
9
-
3
1
4
4
3
-
20
1
.1
4
7
28
22
3
6
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
66
44
56
42
23
31
27
33
49
10
-
1
4
7
25
13
19
4
4
-
2
-
-
-
2
2
6
-
1
63
77
57
19
7
1
5
-
10
10
7
-
4
4
23
38
44
11
4
48
57
56
61
7
6
9
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g
B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic 4 b / ------B o a r d e r s , o th e r th a n a u to m a t i c 4b / -------------------------------B o a r d e r s , Dunn m eth o d
( a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) -----P r e b o a r d e r s ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w o r k e r s ) -------------------------------
581
2. 46
9
-
8
20
19
20
10
8
34
58
53
46
44
55
47
26
42
27
344
2. 43
8
7
19
2
9
12
4
7
13
22
20
29
49
29
24
31
13
29
1 ,8 4 7
2. 51
137
38
27
27
13
21
32
33
108
86
96
148
141
126
138
122
84
2. 23
1 .7 4
28
4
24
3
3
5
5
11
38
38
23
10
18
8
13
19
17
130
6
111
M is c e lla n e o u s
B o x e r s ------------------------------------T i m e ------------------------I n c e n t i v e -----------------E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y
i n s p e c t o r s ) --------------------------T im e —
------- -— ------- —
I n c e n tiv e ------------------F o ld e r s 4 b / ------------------ —
F o l d e r s and b o x e r s -------------I n c e n t i v e -----------------L o o p e r s , t o e ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w o r k e r s ) ------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand, f i n i s h -------T i m e ______________
I n c e n t i v e ---------------M e n d e r s , hand, g r e y ---------T i m e -----------------------I n c e n t i v e -----------------p 3 .ir e r s —
---------------- —
- — ——-----I n c e n t i v e -----------------S e a m e r s , t o e ------------------------I n c e n t i v e -----------------S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a to r s
(p a n ty h o s e ) ( a ll in c e n tiv e
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o p e r a t o r s 4 b /-------------------------
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A p p r o x im a te ly 65 p e r c e n t o f th e p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by th e stu d y
w ere
6
6
5
7
6
212
2
1
4
-
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1
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9
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S e le c t e d o f fic e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C le r k s , p a y r o l l ---------------------S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ------l y p i s t , cJLciss d
—— —
—
1
2
E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s ,
h o lid a y s ,
in c e n tiv e b a s i s .
I n c lu d e s 9 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1 . 6 0 in o th e r th a n s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s show n .
2
2
2
and la te s h if t s .
3 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 4 I n s u f f i c i e n t d a t a t o w a r r a n t p u b l ic a t i o n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
1
13
1
10
2
(a ) p r e d o m i n a n t ly t i m e w o r k e r s ,
1
1
o r (b ) p r e d o m i n a n t ly i n c e n t i v e
w ork ers.
1
-
paid on an
T a b le 9. W o m e n ’s h o s ie ry mills: O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s —T e n n e s s e e
( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s ,
S e p t e m b e r 1^70)
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of—
$ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1.75 $ 1.80 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0
of
h o u r ly
w o r k e r s e a r n in g s 1
and
under
$ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 o v e r
O cc u p a tio n and s e x
A ll p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s _____ 5, 905
M en ------------------------------------------ _ _ 4 , 943
W om en — ------
962
$ 2 . 05 468
. 20
59
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2
2
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22
212
333
24
309
306
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273
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429
-
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262
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466
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S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
K n ittin g
A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s ,
k n ittin g m a c h in e s ( a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) 3------------------------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , f u ll o r k n e e - l e n g t h ------- -— —
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S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n
o c c u p a tio n s ---- w o m e n
K n ittin g
K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c __________
I n c e n t i v e ------------------------
16
16
6
6
9
9
8
11
8
5
9
9
7
7
4
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..
-
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B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic ( a ll
in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) --------------P r e b o a r d e r s — -------- ---------I n c e n tiv e -----------------------
2
8
8
1
4
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6
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M is c e lla n e o u s
B a g g e r s 4 --------------------------------E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y
in s p e c t o r s ) --------------------------F o ld e r s and b o x e r s ---------------I n c e n t i v e ________________
M e n d e r s , hand f in is h ________
T i m e ____________________
I n c e n tiv e ----------------------M e n d e r s , hand , g r e y -----------Ti
I n c e n t i v e ___ ________ __
P a i r e r s ---------- — ___________
I n c e n t i v e ________________
S e a m e r s , t o e ------- ---------------I n c e n tiv e __ _ — ___
S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a to r s
(panty h o s e ) ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w ork ers)
_ ________
____
T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e o p e r a to r s
(a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) _____
_
1
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S e le c t e d o f fic e
o c c u p a tio n s ----w o m e n
C le r k s ,
p a y r o ll ____ ________
E x c lu d e s
2
4
p re m iu m
pay
fo r
o v e rtim e
a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d la t e s h i f t s .
1
A p p r o x i m a t e l y 66 p e r c e n t o f th e p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by th e s tu d y w e r e p a id on a n i n c e n tiv e
I n c lu d e s 23 w o r k e r s u n d e r $ 1 . 6 0 in o t h e r th a n th e s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s s h o w n .
I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
I n s u f f ic i e n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p u b lic a tio n of s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s by m e th o d of w a g e p a y m e n t; p r e d o m i n a n t l y i n c e n t iv e w o r k e r s .
NOTE:
D a s h e s i n d ic a te n o d a ta r e p o r t e d o r d a ta th a t do n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a .
-
T a b le 10. W o m e n ’s h o s ie ry mills: O cc u p a tio n a l earn ing s, H ic k o ry —S ta te s v ille , N .C .
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s
M e n -----------------------W o m e n -------------------
N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
N um ber A v e ra g e
$ 1 . 6 0 $ k p t $ 1 .7 0 ' $1.75 $ 1 . 8 g $ i .85 $1 .9 0 $ K 9 ^ $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 p p o "$2.30 $ 2 .4 0 $2.50" $ 2 . 6 0 P 7 7 0 $ 2 . 8 cT $2.90 $ 3 .0 0 $3.1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $3.40 $3.6 0 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20
h o u r ly
of
and
and
w o r k e r s e a rn in g s
under
$1 .6 5 $ 1 .70 $1 .7 5 $1 .8 0 $1.85 $ 1 .90 $1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 . 6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $2.90 $3.00 $3.1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $3.4 0 $3.6 0 $3.8 0 $4.00 $4.20 o v e r
240
4
236
71
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34
187
31
79
302
57
245
238
44
194
247
54
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S e le c te d p r o d u c tio n
o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n
K n ittin g
A d ju s te r s and f ix e r s ,
k n i tt in g m a c h i n e s 4 ---------T i m e --------------------------S e a m le s s h o s ie r y , f u ll- o r
k n e e - l e n g th ---------------------T i m e ---------------------------
192
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S e le c te d p ro d u c tio n
o c c u p a t i o n s —w o m e n
B o a r d in g a n d p r e b o a r d i n g
B o a r d e r s , D unn m e th o d
( a l l in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ---P r e b o a r d e r s ( a l l i n c e n t iv e
w o r k e r s ) ----------------------------
2
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-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
M is c e ll a n e o u s
E x a m in e r s , g re y ( h o s ie ry
. i n s p e c t o r s ) ------------------------I n c e n t iv e --------------------F o ld e rs and b o x e rs (a ll
in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) -----------M e n d e r s , h a n d , f i n i s h 5 -------M e n d e r s , h a n d , g r e y 5 -------P a i r e r s 5 --------------------------------S e a m e r s , t o e 5 ----------------------S e w in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s
( p a n ty h o s e ) ( a l l i n c e n t iv e
w o r k e r s ) ----------------------------T ra n sfe r-m a c h in e o p e ra to rs
( a l l i n c e n t iv e o p e r a t o r s ) —
265
259
2. 64
360
18
49
234
328
2. 41
2. 38
2 . 91
2. 65
2. 47
24
_
454
2
2. 66
6
4
15
7
_
_
6
_
_
_
4
_
2
4
6
2
9
10
12
11
5
9
8
1
11
12
2
3
_
1
26
4
1
_
. 49
9
6
23
1
15
22
8
11
18
21
24
13
1 .8 9
2
-
4
-
-
-
3
-
-
2
2
27
2. 36
-
-
1
-
-
2
1
-
-
1
3
20
_
S e l e c t e d o f fic e
o c c u p a tio n s —w o m e n
C le rk s , p a y ro ll
-
1
2
T h e H ic k o r y —S t a t e s v i l l e a r e a c o n s i s t s o f B u r k e , C a ld w e ll, C a ta w b a , a n d I r e d e l l C o u n tie s .
E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s .
A p p r o x i m a t e l y 63 p e r c e n t o f th e p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y th e s tu d y w e r e p a id on a n in c e n tiv e
3
4
5
I n c lu d e s 6 w o r k e r s u n d e r $ 1 . 60 in o t h e r th a n th e s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s s h o w n .
I n c lu d e s d a t a f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
I n s u f f ic i e n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p u b l ic a ti o n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t; p r e d o m i n a n t l y i n c e n t iv e w o r k e r s .
W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o llo w s :
2 a t $ 4 . 2 0 to $ 4 . 4 0 ; 2 a t $ 4 . 6 0 to $ 4 . 8 0 ; a n d 2 a t $ 5 to $ 5 . 2 0 .
b a s is .
6
T a b le 11. W o m e n ’s h osiery mills: O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s —W in s to n -S a le m —H ig h Point, N .C .1
(N u m b er and a v e r a g e s tr a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 of p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s ,
S e p te m b e r 1970)
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ------M e n -----------------------------------W o m e n -------------------------------
$ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 '$ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 ? 9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0
h o u r ly
of
and
w o rk e rs e a rn in g s 2
and
under
$ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 o v e r
13, 989
3, 137
10, 852
$ 2 . 35
2. 52
2. 30
705
35
670
150
7
143
477
90
387
307
60
247
428
109
319
401
72
329
834
182
652
654
92
562
1,
108; 1 , 2 2 2
284
246
824
976
1
, 188 1, 024 819
205
142 2 1 0
983
882 609
799
187
612
58 5
90
495
555
105
450
686
265
421
392
126
266
381
144
237
275
47
228
207
47
160
9
92
182
49
133
101
239
111
73
78
33
166
159
90
69
S e le c te d p ro d u c tio n
o c c u p a t i o n s ----m e n
K n ittin g
A d ju s te r s and f ix e r s ,
k n ittin g m a c h i n e s ( a l l
t i m e w o r k e r s ) 3 --------------- — —
S e a m le s s h o s ie r y , f u llo r k n e e - l e n g t h -----------------K n itte r s , f u ll-fa s h io n e d
h o s i e r y 4 a / ---------------------------K n itte r s , s e a m le s s h o s ie r y :
S i n g le - f e e d , 400
n e e d le s 4 b / ----------------------T w o - f e e d --------------------------T im e —-------------------- 400 n e e d l e s -----------------T i m e -----------------------F o u r - f e e d ------------------------T i m e -----------------------400 n e e d le s 4 a / — -------E i g h t - f e e d , 400 n e e d le s
( a l l t i m e w o r k e r s ) ------------
807
3. 13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
19
12
22
9
31
74
39
47
72
61
71
16
17
1
21
158
70
65
770
3. 14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
19
12
22
9
30
69
31
43
70
61
68
14
17
-
15
154
70
65
4
3
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
46
42
46
42
14
14
14
13
5
3
5
3
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
32
90
2
. 58
-
1
2
1
-
-
-
1
3
2
-
1
1
-
22
31
2. 34
155
51
42
2 . 22
2. 25
2 . 22
-
-
-
-
-
2
3
-
1
1
107
1 .9 9
1
-
10
3
11
8
11
87
63
30
25
61
54
52
54
52
42
42
49
-
2 .
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
66
2
-
1
-
4
4
4
1
3
3
-
1
2
1
4
2
-
11
11
9
5
4
2
-
-
8
2
5
-
2
6
1
1
2
1
4
-
2
2
5
6
1
1
2
1
4
-
-
4-
2
1
2
-
-
1
-
-
1
1
1
1
-
-
1
2
4
-
9
3
6
73
-
2
2
2
1
-
3
27
25
1
-
-
-
1
1
-
55
19
16
2
-
6
41
1
10
5
6
-
-
2
1
6
13
32
29
29
23
29
21
28
21
7
6
9
1
5
_
2
_
_
_
3
1
13
42
35
29
32
33
37
18
30
17
20
10
14
5
2
4
-
2
16
37
40
44
41
68
54
43
45
52
23
37
34
21
26
3
"
1
2
2
S e le c te d p ro d u c tio n
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m en
K n ittin g
C o lle c tio n - s y s te m
i n s p e c t o r s 4 a / ----------------------C o lle c tio n -s y s te m o p e ra to rs
T im e -----------------------K n itte r s , s e a m le s s h o s ie r y ,
t w o - f e e d 4_by--------------------------
1
|
-
j
-
B o a r d in g a n d p r e b o a r d in g
B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c 4 b / -------B o a r d e r s , o th e r th a n a u to
m a t i c 4 b / — ---------- -----------P r e b o a r d e r s ( a l l in c e n t iv e
w o r k e r s ) -------------------------------
336
2
. 26
40
2
6
8
8
367
2. 55
7
-
5
2
3
3
672
2. 53
41
5
4
4
1
S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le .
11
11
11
T a b l e 11. W o m e n ’s h o s ie r y m ills :
(N um ber
and
average
straig h t-tim e
hourly
O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s — W i n s t o n - S a l e m — H ig h P o in t, N . C . 1— C o n tin u e d
e a r n i n g s 2 of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s
in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s ,
Septem ber
1 9 70 )
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of---O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
$ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 f 2 3 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 . 9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0
of
h o u r ly
and
w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s 123
and
under
$ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 o v e r
M is c e ll a n e o u s
E x a m in e r s , g re y (h o s ie ry
i n s p e c t o r s )4 b / --------------------F o l d e r s a n d b o x e r s -----------I n c e n t iv e ---------------M e n d e r s , h a n d , f i n i s h ------T i m e ———
------—
------- —
I n c e n tiv e ---------------M e n d e r s , h a n d , g r e y ---------T i m e ----------------------P a ire rs
--------------------------------I n c e n t iv e --------------S e a m e r s , t o e -----------------------I n c e n t iv e ---------------S e w i n g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s
( p a n ty h o s e ) ( a ll in c e n t iv e
w o r k e r s ) ----------------------------T ra n sfe r-m a c h in e o p e ra to rs
( a ll i n c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) -----
267
90 5
83 3
182
58
124
91
24
67
592
568
570
516
1,000
$ 2 . 43
2 . 26
2. 31
2. 41
2 . 08
2. 56
2 . 28
2. 14
2. 33
2. 54
2. 56
2. 42
2. 46
2. 31
37
2. 31
12
2
11
2
67
52
44
24
13
27
11
29
29
3
21
16
3
2
38
38
9
35
30
3
21
8
68
71
71
2
2
19
l
3
1
1
2
11
6
1
1
_
_
5
_
5
3
9
5
4
30
30
7
7
12
8
12
12
2
8
12
12
2
6
8
1
2
1
8
1
1
1
1
9
9
4
11
27
15
3
58
14
3
22
22
12
4
39
74
74
21
20
14
76
76
17
68
68
17
42
42
7
12
6
9
2
12
38
38
7
35
35
9
22
21
22
21
18
18
7
_
7
4
9
9
54
31
31
51
51
30
30
55
55
4
54
54
41
41
41
14
10
2
7
15
9
12
4
4
8
_
_
3
3
1
14
7
13
_
6
1
23
17
38
14
19
19
31
31
40
28
30
30
31
31
7
39
39
62
56
56
56
45
39
88
8
23
57
57
4
14
14
17
2
11
2
5
13
13
13
7
102
11
39
24
24
26
35
47
67
82
56
67
79
-
2
1
1
1
3
4
4
-
4
4
2
3
-
-
-
1
2
-
2
1
2
1
2
-
1
5
5
1
6
4
32
32
60
8
5
1
10
6
10
6
6
3
8
_
3
7
7
7
3
6
3
8
_
3
3
q
26
26
35
35
19
19
15
15
23
23
5
5
15
15
2
7
7
13
13
15
15
14
14
37
45
41
17
15
17
1
4
-
-
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
4
4
4
_
_
_
_
4
4
1
1
4
3
3
2
11
17
17
2
22
22
_
_
6
4
4
2
2
2
_
_
5
14
8
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
S e l e c t e d o f fic e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m en
C le rk s ,
p a y r o l l -------------------
.
10
-
1 T h e W in s t o n - S a l e m — H ig h P o i n t a r e a c o n s i s t s of A la m a n c e , D a v id s o n , F o r s y t h , G u ilf o r d , R a n d o lp h ,
a n d S u r r y C o u n tie s .
2 E x c lu d e s
p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s .
A p p r o x i m a t e l y 60 p e r c e n t o f th e p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d
i n c e n t iv e b a s i s .
3 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
I n s u f f ic i e n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p u b l ic a ti o n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w ag e p a y m e n t; (a) p r e d o m i n a n t l y t i m e w o r k e r s , o r (b) p r e d o m i n a n t l y in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s .
-
by th e s tu d y w e r e p a id on
-
an
Table 12. Women’s hosiery mills: Method of wage payment
(P e rcen t of production w orkers by m ethod of w age paym ent, United S ta tes, s e le c te d re g io n s, S ta tes, and a r e a s, Septem ber 1970)
R egions
Method o f wage p aym en t1
A ll production w o rk ers-—
F orm al plans — ........... ........ .
Single r a t e ------- ----—
Individual p ie c e w o r k -------------- —
Group p iecew ork ............... .
United
S ta te s 2
Middle
A tlantic
States
B ord er
S tates
South'
east
North
C arolina
A rea s
H ick ory— W instonT en n e sse e State sv iU e, S alem —
High Point,
N .C .
N .C .
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
34
14
2
12
20
38
15
6
10
22
33
12
2
10
21
33
13
1
12
21
34
14
1
13
20
33
14
<3)
14
19
37
2
2
35
40
23
66
64
1
62
55
3
4
“
67
67
.
_
67
65
1
n
n
66
64
1
( 3)
( 3)
67
67
_
63
59
3
_
1
60
60
( 3)
0
( 3)
100
_
23
17
-
1 For definition of m ethod o f w age paym ent, s e e appendix A.
2 Includes data for regions in addition to th o se shown sep a ra tely .
3 L ess than 0 .5 p ercent.
NOTE: B ecause of rounding sum s of individual ite m s m ay not equal to ta ls.
T a b le 13. W o m e n ’s hosiery mills: S ched u led w e e k ly hours
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o f fic e w o r k e r s b y s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s , 1 U n ited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s . S t a t e s , and a r e a s ,
S e p te m b e r 1970)
R e g io n s
W e e k ly h o u r s 1
U n ited
S ta te s 2
M id d le
A tla n ti c
S ta te s
S o u th
east
N o r th
C a r o lin a
A reas
T en n essee
W in s to n H ic k o r y —
S a le m S t a t e s v i ll e ,
H igh P o in t,
N .C .
N .C .
P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s
A ll w o r k e r s -----------— ■ — ----------- -------------
100
100
100
4
95
1
_
100
-
5
94
1
A ll w o r k e r s ----------- —------------ -------------— - ..
100
100
100
U n der 36 h o u r s ------------- — ---------------------------------3 7 51* h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------38^4 h o u r s ----------------- -------------------------------------------4 0 h o u r s ----------------------------------------------------------------45 h o u r s --------------------------- ------------------------------ ——
1
13
3
82
1
2
_
!
16
4
78
2
U n d er 4 0 h o u r s ---------------- . . . . -------------------- —-----—
4 0 h o u r s ----------— —...... ... — --------------—— -------------- 1
4 8 h o u r s ----------------------—--------------------------- -----——
100
100
100
100
4
96
-
100
-
3
96
1
100
100
100
100
1
23
4
70
3
_
52
13
87
-
48
-
28
5
67
“
5
94
( 3)
O ff ic e w o r k e r s
_
98
1 D ata r e la te to p r e d o m in a n t w o r k s c h e d u le o f fu ll-tim e d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s in e a c h e s ta b lis h m e n t .
2 I n c lu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e ly .
3 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t.
NO TE:
B e c a u s e of rounding, s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u a l 100.
_
T a b le 14. W o m e n ’s hosiery mills: S h ift differential provisions
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s by sh ift d iff e r e n tia l p r o v is io n s , 1 U n ite d S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S t a te s , and a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
S ta te s
R e g io n s
S h ift d if f e r e n t ia l
U n ited
S ta te s 2
M id d le
A tla n tic
S o u th e a st
N o r th
C a r o lin a
A reas
T en n essee
H ic k o r y —
S t a t e s v ille ,
N .C .
W in sto n S a le m H igh P o in t,
N .C .
S e c o n d s h ift
W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g s e c o n d -s h if t
p r o v i s i o n s —---------------------- -----------------------------------W ith s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l --------------------------- ---------U n ifo r m c e n ts p e r h o u r ----------------------------5 c e n t s --------------- ------------------------------------6 c e n t s ----------------------------------------------------10 c e n t s --------------------------------------------------18 c e n t s --------------------------------- -----------------U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e -----------------------------------1 Vz p e r c e n t --------------------------------------------2 p e r c e n t-------------------------------------------------4 l/2 p e r c e n t --------------------------------------------5 p e r c e n t ------------------------------------------------7 p e r c e n t ------------------------------------------------O t h e r -----------------------------------------------------------W ith no s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l ------------------------- --------
9 7 .7
20.2
1 5 .3
5 .4
5 .6
4 .2
.2
3 .9
.7
1 .5
.6
9 6 .8
3. 7
1 .7
1 .7
1 .9
9 7 .6
20. 2
1 4 .8
6.0
6 .4
2. 3
9 .1
4. 3
3 .6
.8
1 .7
.7
1 .9
.9
1.0
7 7 .5
93. 1
9 3 .9
3 3 .1
2 5 .6
7 1 .4
5 0 .6
42. 3
98. 2
16. 5
11. 3
94. 3
5. 7
5 .7
5 .7
100.0
5. 1
1 0 0.0
2 2 .7
22. 7
22. 7
2.2
1. 1
2. 5
1. 1
1.2
77. 3
1 .7
8 1 .7
95. 1
30. 3
24. 3
1 .9
11.0
6. 4
3. 5
1 .5
4. 3
9 5 .9
2 6 .9
2 0 .9
5. 1
9 4 .9
77. 3
9 1 .2
2 8 .8
2 8 .8
1 5 .8
13. 0
9 7 .0
58. 2
53. 1
9 7 .0
2 4 .6
2 2 .7
-
-
53. 1
22. 7
-
-
88.6
T h ir d o r o th e r la te sh ift
W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g t h ir d - o r o th e r
l a t e - s h if t p r o v i s i o n s --------------------------------------------W ith s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l ----------------------------------------U n ifo r m c e n ts p e r h o u r -------------------------------5 c e n t s -------------------------------------------------------10 c e n ts - -----------------------------------------------------14 l/2 c e n t s -----------------------------------------■--------I 5 c e n t s -----------------------------------------------------20 c e n t s -----------------------------------------------------U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e --------------------------------------3 p e r c e n t ----------------- ------------------------ ---------5 p e r c e n t ----------- ----------------------------------------7 Vz p e r c e n t -----------------------------------------------10 p e r c e n t --------------------------------------------------II p e r c e n t --------------------------------------------------8 h o u r s pay fo r 7 V2 h o u r s w o r k ------------------O t h e r ---------------------------------------------------------------W ith no s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l ------------------------------------
1 .6
12.6
5 .6
4 .5
1 .3
4 .7
.7
42. 3
1.8
4. 7
4. 7
.6
.7
.9
.
2 .7
6 0 .7
9 .7
9. 1
2. 2
3. 6
.8
1. 1
1 .7
.7
2. 5
1. 1
1
2 0 .9
1 .7
6 4 .8
_
2. 4
69. 0
1 R e f e r s to p o l ic i e s o f e s ta b lis h m e n t s e ith e r c u r r e n tly o p e r a tin g la te s h ift s o r h a v in g p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h i f t s .
2 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
NOTE:
B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m ay not eq u a l t o t a l s .
62. 4
5. 1
38. 8
1 .9
72. 4
T a b le 15. W o m e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills: S h ift d iffe re n tia l p ra c tic e s
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s on la te s h ifts by am ount o f s h ift d iff e r e n tia l, U n ited S t a te s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S t a t e s , and a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
U n ited
S ta te s 1
M id dle
A tla n tic
A reas
S t a te s
R e g io n s
S h ift d iffe r e n tia l
S o u th e a st
N o rth
C a r o lin a
T en n essee
H ick ory—
S t a t e s v i ll e ,
N. C.
W in ston S a le m H igh P o in t,
N . C.
S e c o n d sh ift
W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on se co n d sh ift R e c e iv in g s h ift d iff e r e n tia l--------U n ifo r m c e n ts p e r h o u r --------5 c e n t s -------------------------------6 c e n t s -------------------------------10 c e n t s U n ifo r m p e r c e n ta g e 1 V2 p e r c e n t ---------2 p e r c e n t ------------4 V2 p e r c e n t ---------7 p e r c e n t ------------O th er R e c e iv in g no s h ift d iff e r e n tia l -
14. 7
2. 0
1 .5
.3
.7
.4
.4
(2)
.2
(2)
. 1
.2
1 2 .6
16. 4
_
7. 4
2. 1
1 .5
. 1
.8
. 3
. 3
5. 5
4. 5
3 .8
_
3 .8
-
_
-
I
:
16. 4
14. 0
.9
"
12. 3
3. 0
3. 0
_
_
.
-
-
-
.3
13. 4
_
13. 7
.9
13. 1
I
9. 3
7. 4
1 .8
1. 3
. 1
.6
. 3
.2
7. 5
1 .8
1. 3
8. 6
1 .8
* 1 .8
1 .2
.7
-
6. 1
3 .9
3. 4
7. 1
1 .2
1. 1
3
.3
. 1
.2
14. 5
2. 1
1 .5
.4
.9
.2
.4
15. 5
2. 1
1 .3
.3
U)
. 1
.2
12. 4
.4
-
-
1 .2
. 1
.5
14.
.
.
.
-
4
7
7
7
-
3. 0
-
T h ir d o r o th e r la te sh ift
W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on th ir d o r o th e r la te sh ift R e c e iv in g s h ift d iff e r e n tia l---------------------------U n ifo r m c e n ts p e r h o u r ---------------------------5 c e n t s --------------------------------------------------10 c e n t s ----I 4 V2 c e n t s 1 5 c e n t s ----20 c e n t s ----U n ifo r m p e r c e n ta g e 3 p ercen t 5 p ercen t 10 p e r c e n t 11 p e r c e n t 8 h o u r s pay fo r 7*/z h o u r s w o r k O th e r R e c e iv in g no s h ift d iff e r e n tia l-
!3
( 2)
. 1
. 1
. 1
( 2)
.2
5.3
-
-
_
-
( 2)
.2
-
. 1
-
.7
1. 1
1 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
2 L e s s th a n 0. 05 p e r c e n t.
NOTE:
B e c a u s e of ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i t e m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a ls .
.2
5 .6
-
.7
.4
-
3. 4
-
_
-
-
“
■
-
.2
5. 7
-
6 .8
.5
2. 2
-
1. 1
_
"
:
.
2
5.8
T a b le 16. W o m e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills: P a id h o lid a y s
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o f fic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r p a id h o lid a y s , U n ited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s ,
S t a t e s , and a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
Number of paid holidays
A ll w ork ers — ----- . . . -----------------------------W orkers in esta b lish m en ts providing paid
holid ays ------ -------------- ------ — — —----------------2 days ----- --------------- ------ ------ --------------- —
3 days ------------ --------- --------- —--------------- -— 4 d a y s ___________ ___. . . . . . . . ---------— ..............
5 days
6 days ----- -------- . . . — -— . . . . ------------------ -----7 d a y s ------- ------ ------------- —-------------- --------10 days— ------------- ——------------------- ----------W orkers in esta b lish m en ts providing no paid
h olid ays —.......—____— — ---------- . . . — ....... .
A rea s
States
Regions
United
States 1
W instonH ick o ry S a le m T en n essee! IS ta te sv ille , High Point,
N .C .
N .C .
Production w ork ers
Middle
Atlantic
South
east
North
C arolina
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
62
8
10
10
27
3
3
78
8
51
11
12
8
17
2
81
12
24
44
.
-
-
-
51
45
6
_
-
64
11
7
8
39
-
(2)
_
25
3
40
2
60
9
12
10
27
2
1
_
38
22
40
49
19
49
36
(2)
-
O fficew ork ers
A ll w o rk ers --------------------------------- ---------
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
W orkers in esta b lish m en ts providing paid
h olid ays ...................... ...........................- ....................
1 day — ........... -..........— .......... — ....................
85
86
_
.
«.
_
86
1
3
21
9
46
6
82
1
4
20
10
41
6
(*)
<*)
93
_
4
2
10
77
.
.
91
.
.
62
11
18
.
93
1
1
14
8
66
3
.
14
14
18
7
9
7
3 days
4 days --------—----------- ----- --------- ------ ----- ----6 days -------------- ----------- ---------------- ---------—
7 d a y s __— — ------------------— ----- ----- -— ....... W orkers in esta b lish m en ts providing no paid
h o lid a y s .....................-.......— .....................................
(*)
2
17
8
40
8
10
15
4
73
9
1 Includes data for region s in addition to th ose shown sep a ra tely .
2 L e s s than 0 .5 p ercen t.
NOTE:
Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals.
T a b le 17. W o m e n ’s h o s ie ry mills: P a id v a c a tio n s
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in m i l l s w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r p a id v a c a tio n s a f te r s e le c t e d p e r io d s o f t im e , U n ited S t a te s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S t a te s , a n d a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
S ta te s
R e g io n s
U n ited
S ta te s
V a c a tio n p o lic y
M id dle
A tla n tic
S o u th e a st
N orth
C a r o lin a
R e g io n s
A reas
T en n essee
W in sto n H ic k o r y S a le m S ta te s v il le ,
H igh P o in t,
N. C.
N. C.
U n ited
S t a te s 1
M id dle
A tla n tic
S ta te s
S o u th e a s t
A reas
W in ston H ic k o r y S a le m T e n n e s s e e S tate s v il le ,
H igh P o in t,
N. C.
N. C.
O ff ic e w o r k e r s
P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
96
86
9
1
93
93
90
-
-
96
86
10
1
96
84
11
1
93
74
19
-
99
85
9
6
99
96
3
-
15
10
4
7
4
4
7
83
80
6
57
1
50
91
1
40
1
31
35
74
9
6
5
26
44
54
1
63
1
58
20
6
90
83
35
45
5
6
57
1
43
5
46
1
1
33
6
56
!
21
9
65
1
35
21
52
20
6
——
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o
v id in g p a id v a c a tio n s —------------L e n g t h - o f - t im e p a y m e n t -------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t --------------F l a t - s u m p a y m e n t ----------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o
v id in g no p a id v a c a tio n s ——— —
89
15
74
-
95
23
72
-
88
12
76
-
86
8
78
-
89
13
76
"
85
45
40
-
90
11
5
12
14
11
8
74
10
3
70
5
63
15
18
8
77
10
~
3
64
6
15
5
56
8
18
8
37
10
40
3
63
6
15
5
55
8
18
39
3
20
5
24
14
.
12
6
18
_
_
_
_
_
_
63
( 3)
1
57
1
-
75
73
66
-
-
-
3
19
5
24
A l l w o r k e r s — ------- —
N orth
C a r o lin a
*
M eth od o f p a y m e n t
-
-
( 3)
1
A m o u n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 12
A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e :
3
U n d er 1 w e e k -------------------------72
1 w e e k -------------------------------- ---1
O v er 1 an d u n d er 2 w e e k s -----2 w e e k s —--------------------- ------ ---13
4 w e e k s — -------------------------------------— ---------------A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e :
•3
U n d er 1 w e e k -------------------------67
1 w e e k -------------------- ---------------6
O v er 1 an d u n d er 2 w e e k s -----13
2 w e e k s ----------------------------------4 w e e k s -------------------------------A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e :
3
U n d er 1 w e e k s ------------------------63
1 w e e k — ---------------------------------6
O v er 1 an d u n d er 2 w e e k s ----17
2 w e e k s -----------------------------------4 w e e k s ------------------------------------A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e :
3
U n d er 1 w e e k -------------------------22
1 w e e k —-------- ------------------------_
O v er 1 an d u n d er 2 w e e k s ----62
2 w e e k s — ------------------------------O v er 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ----( 3)
1
4 w e e k s — ————— ------- — ----A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e :
3
U n d er 1 w e e k —........
—
21
1 w e e k ---------------------- -------------O v er 1 an d u n d er 2 w e e k s -----( 3)
53
2 w e e k s —---------------------—
1
O v er 2 an d u n d er 3 w e e k s ---10
3 w e e k s —— — ---------------------1
4 w e e k s ---------------------------- ——
A fte r 15 y e a r s of s e r v i c e : 4
3
U n d er 1 w e e k — ------— -----------21
1 w e e k ---------------— ------- ------—
O v er 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s —- ( 3)
45
2 w e e k s ------------------------------------1
O v er 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s — —
18
3 w e e k s ------------------------- —------1
5 w e e k s o r m o r e ------- ------ -------
.
56
-
_
28
3
16
10
38
_
28
3
16
10
38
“
-
6
.
83
-
6
.
32
48
5
_
26
6
57
-
26
-
-
-
_
_
6
12
6
18
_
-
-
-
54
( 3)
9
1
49
1
8
"
77
28
66
-
-
-
3
19
5
24
-
46
( 3)
17
1
39
-
18
-
6
-
_
45
-
_
-
1
33
5
56
!
15
( 3)
78
1
1
1
14
( 3)
62
1
18
1
6
12
6
18
-
-
-
23
43
1
14
( 3)
47
-
-
-
50
-
23
-
32
1
77
1
6
-
93
-
.
25
-
69
_
20
73
-
_
18
2
5
-
69
_
18
2
5
1
69
-
-
58
7
-
92
1
32
6
56
1
20
9
65
1
1
14
1
14
.
.
.
26
9
4
_
_
_
_
_
80
1
1
78
1
1
67
85
95
_
_
1
13
1
14
17
-
-
-
69
1
12
1
69
1
9
1
1
13
1
14
-
-
-
52
1
26
36
1
40
52
28
1
1
35
_
58
19
55
20
6
7
_
92
6
-
_
_
9
4
74
33
95
-
.
2
-
52
6
-
-
_
17
-
-
_
_
9
4
33
60
-
-
52
6
35
I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
V a c a tio n p a y m e n ts , s u c h a s p e r c e n t o f annu al e a r n in g s and f la t - s u m a m o u n ts, w e r e c o n v e r te d to an e q u iv a le n t tim e b a s i s .
P e r io d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b it r a r ily c h o s e n and do n ot n e c
e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t in d iv id u a l p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n .
F o r e x a m p le , c h a n g e s in p r o p o r tio n s in d ic a te d at 5 y e a r s m a y in c lu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 3 and 5 y e a r s .
3
L e s s th an 0. 5 p e r c e n t.
4
V a c a tio n p r o v is io n s w e r e v ir t u a lly the s a m e a fte r lo n g e r p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e .
1
2
NOTE:
B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g ,
s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o ta ls ,
T a b le 18. W o m e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills: H e a lth , insurance, and re tire m e n t p la n s
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n
and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in
m il ls w ith s p e c if ie d h e a lth ,
in s u r a n c e ,
R e g io n s
U n ite d
S t a te s 2
T yp e o f p la n 1
M id dle
A tla n tic
and r e t ir e m e n t p la n s ,
N orth
C a r o lin a
s e le c t e d r e g io n s ,
S t a te s ,
W in sto n H ic k o r y —
S a le m T e n n e s s e e S t a t e s v i ll e ,
H ig h P o in t,
N. C.
N .C .
U n ited
S ta te s 2
M id d le
A tla n tic
A ll w o r k e r s
_ _
-
S e p te m b e r 1970)
S ta te s
S o u th e a st
N o rth
C a r o lin a
A reas
W in sto n H ic k o r y T e n n e s s e e S ta te s v il le , S a le m H igh P o in t,
N .C .
N .C .
O ff ic e w o r k e r s
P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s
W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t p r o
v id in g :
L ife in s u r a n c e — —.---------------- —
N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p la n s A c c id e n ta l d e a th and d i s m e m
b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e ------------------N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s ---------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t
in s u r a n c e o r s ic k le a v e o r
both 3 — — — ----------— — -----------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t
i n s u r a n c e --- ---------------------- —
N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s ----S ic k le a v e ( fu ll p a y , no
w a itin g p e r i o d ) ------------------H o s p it a liz a tio n in s u r a n c e .
N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s ----S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e ---------------—
N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s -----M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e --------------------N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s -----M a jo r m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e - -----N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s -----R e t ir e m e n t p la n s 4
— ----P e n s i o n s ---------------- ---------------N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s ----S e v e r a n c e pay ----------------------N o p la n s ------_ _
_ _
and a r e a s ,
R e g io n s
A reas
S ta te s
S o u th e a st
U n ite d S t a te s ,
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
94
53
63
50
95
52
95
52
97
57
99
16
93
61
94
54
80
73
96
49
96
50
93
64
100
23
96
53
61
30
44
31
62
30
66
33
29
6
88
5
58
39
52
24
12
6
58
26
58
29
20
7
82
6
45
31
42
23
45
44
76
72
55
52
7
61
64
57
87
82
42
24
23
16
45
26
44
23
76
51
72
6
55
43
45
22
7
2
53
26
58
27
57
51
87
21
71
43
96
48
96
48
75
38
64
30
30
30
26
(5 )
2
77
59
72
59
63
55
45
38
4
4
22
97
46
98
46
74
35
66
30
33
33
29
-
97
43
97
43
69
30
66
23
33
33
31
1
97
51
97
51
77
46
68
52
49
49
38
3
96
16
99
16
39
10
81
10
56
56
56
-
94
63
94
63
66
42
45
23
39
39
39
3
32
96
50
96
50
76
43
72
38
36
36
31
(5 )
3
82
73
80
73
75
71
73
69
2
2
18
40
98
44
98
44
75
36
75
36
41
41
36
1
42
99
42
98
42
67
33
76
34
49
49
45
1
19
93
57
93
57
80
44
67
44
64
64
51
7
21
98
23
100
23
27
8
77
8
74
74
74
(5 )
73
98
53
97
53
68
46
69
47
64
64
56
1
1
1
1 In c lu d e s o n ly t h o s e p la n s fo r w h ic h at l e a s t p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e by the e m p lo y e r and e x c lu d e s l e g a lly r e q u ir e d p la n s su c h a s w o r k m e n 1 s c o m p e n sa tio n and s o c ia l s e c u r it y ; h o w
e v e r , p la n s r e q u ir e d by S ta te te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s a r e in c lu d e d if the e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u te s m o r e than i s le g a l l y r e q u ir e d o r th e e m p lo y e e r e c e i v e s b e n e f it s in e x c e s s o f the r e q u ir e m e n ts .
" N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p la n s" in c lu d e o n ly t h o s e p la n s fin a n ce d e n t ir e ly by the e m p lo y e r .
2 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
3 U n d u p lic a te d t o ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
4 U n d u p lic a te d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s in p la n ts h a v in g p r o v is io n s fo r p e n s io n and s e v e r a n c e pa y p la n s sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
5 L e s s th a n 0. 5 p e r c e n t.
T a b le 19. W o m e n ’s h o siery mills: O th e r s e le c te d b e n e fits
( P e r c e n t o f p ro d u c tio n and o ffic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith p r o v is io n s fo r fu n e r a l le a v e p a y , ju r y du ty p a y , and t e c h n o lo g ic a l
s e v e r a n c e p a y , U n ited S t a t e s , s e le c te d r e g io n s , S t a te s , and a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
U n ited
S ta te s 1
M id d le
A tla n tic
A reas
S ta te s
R e g io n s
Item
S o u th
east
N o r th
C a r o lin a
T en n essee
H ic k o r y S ta te s v i l l e ,
N. C.
W in sto n S a le m H igh P o in t,
N . C.
P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s
W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith p r o v is io n s
fo r:
F u n e r a l le a v e p a y ------------------------------------------------J u r y duty p a y .........................................................................
T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e p a y 2 ---------------------------
11
34
“
_
”
13
38
“
14
36
**
19
64
5
15
31
50
8
27
69
84
"
O ffic e w o r k e r s
W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s w ith p r o v is io n s
fo r:
F u n e r a l le a v e p a y ----------------------------------------------J u r y duty p a y ------------------------------------------------------T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e p a y 2 ---------------------------
36
47
69
69
"
34
48
40
55
15
60
“
In c lu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
P a y to e m p lo y e e s p e r m a n en tly s e p a r a te d fr o m the c o m p a n y a s a r e s u lt o f t e c h n o lo g ic a l ch a n g e o r p la n t c lo s in g .
P a rt II. M e n ’s H o s ie ry M ills
Average hourly earnings
In men’s seamless hosiery manufacturing, 17,608
production workers averaged $2.09 an hour in Septem
ber 1970— an increase of 22 percent over the $1.71
recorded in September 1967.11 Wage levels during this
period went up 21 percent in the Southeast, where about
four-fifths o f the workers were employed, and 23 per
cent in the Middle Atlantic States. In September 1970,
production workers in these two regions averaged $2.03
and $2.27 an hour, respectively. (See table 20.) In the
States and areas studied separately, workers averaged
$1.90 in Tennessee, $2.09 in North Carolina, $2.08 in
Hickory-Statesville, and $2.12 in Winston-Salem-High
Point. (See tables 26—29.)
Women, accounting for almost three-fourths of the
production workers in this industry branch, averaged
$2.01 an hour, compared with $2.31 for men. Pay
levels for men were 14 percent, or 27 cents, higher than
women’s in the Southeast and 17 percent, or 36 cents,
higher in the Middle Atlantic States.12
Little variation in earnings levels could be found by
community and establishment size. In the Southeast,
the only region for which comparisons could be made,
averages in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas
were $2.09 and $2.04, respectively; for the three estab
lishment size categories shown in table 20, averages were
virtually the same— $2.05 to $2.06.
Ninety-six percent of the workers received between
$1.60 and $3 an hour. (See table 21.) The middle half
earned from $1.77 to $2.31 an hour. Slightly more than
one-eighth o f the work force in the Southeast earned
within 5 cents of the $1.60 Federal minimum wage in
manufacturing— double the proportion in the Middle
Atlantic region.
Occupational earnings
Occupations for which earnings data are presented in
table 22 accounted for about three-fifths of the produc
tion workers in men’s hosiery mills.13 Knitting-machine
adjusters and fixers— the highest paid group studied
separately— averaged $2.77 an hour. Boxers, hand
menders, and transfer knitters, each averaging about
28
$1.80, were the lowest paid. For most of the other jobs,
including baggers, pairers, boarders, preboarders, and
automatic knitters, wage levels fell between $1.90 and
$2.10. Where comparisons were possible, occupational
averages were nearly always higher in the Middle
Atlantic region than in the Southeast, commonly by
amounts ranging between 10 and 20 percent.
Occupational averages also were tabulated by com
munity size, establishment size, and method of wage
payment. As shown in table 23, occupational averages
were usually a few cents higher in metropolitan areas
than in smaller communities in the Southeast, the only
region allowing such comparison. No definite relation
ship was found between occupational earnings and the
establishment size groups shown in table 24. Incentive
workers averaged from 10 to 20 percent more than time
rated workers in most jobs where comparisons could be
made. (See table 25.)
Men nearly always earned more than women in the
same occupation, even within a single area. (See tables
26—29.) Some of the factors accounting for differences
in pay levels between men and women were discussed in
footnote 9 in the section on women’s hosiery.
Earnings of the highest paid workers within a given
job and locality frequently exceeded those o f the lowest
paid by $1 an hour or more. (See tables 28 and 29.)
Such variations applied to time-rated as well as incentivepaid workers. For example, among knitting-machine
adjusters and fixers in Hickory-Statesville (all time-rated
workers paid according to their individual qualifications)
the highest paid received at least $3.70 an hour, while
the lowest paid received less than $2.10.
Establishment practices and supplementary
wage provisions
Information also was obtained for production workers
on shift differential provisions and practices and for both
production and office employees on work schedules and
“
Op. cit., BLS Bulletin 1562 (1968).
See footnote 9 for an explanation of earnings differentials
bejween men and women.
Data for three office occupations are shown in table 22
also.
Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Life, hospitali
on selected supplementary benefits, including paid holi
days, vacations, life, hospitalization, surgical insurance,
sickness and accident benefits, and retirement pension
plans.
zation, and surgical insurance were provided in establish
ments accounting for at least four-fifths of the produc
tion workers in the men’s hosiery branch. (See table 36.)
Basic medical insurance was available to about threefifths of the production workers; accidental death and
dismemberment insurance to about one-half; and sickness
and accident and major medical (catastrophe) insurance
applied to two-fifths. Hospitalization, basic medical,
major medical, and surgical insurance usually were
financed jointly by the employer and employee; the*
others generally were paid for wholly by the employer.
Most of the above benefits were available to slightly
larger proportions of the office personnel than of the
production workers. Paid sick leave, however, applied
to 33 percent of the offlceworkers but to only 5 per
cent of the production workers.
In contrast to women’s hosiery mills, the incidence of
these benefits in the men’s branch was typically higher
in the Middle Atlantic than in the Southeast region for
both production and offlceworkers. For example, hospi
talization insurance was available to nearly all of the pro
duction and offlceworkers in the Middle Atlantic States,
compared with about 85 percent in the Southeast.
Retirement pension plans, in addition to Federal
social security, were available in establishments em
ploying slightly more than one-fourth of the production
and offlceworkers. Such plans, typically financed wholly
by the employer, applied to 23 and 26 percent of these
workers, respectively, in the Southeast, compared with
44 and 35 percent in the Middle Atlantic region. Pro
visions for retirement severance pay were virtually non
existent in this industry branch. (See table 36.)
Scheduled weekly hours and shift practices. Work sched
ules of 40 hours a week applied to about nine-tenths
of both production and offlceworkers. (See table 31.)
In the Middle Atlantic States, however, about one-fourth
of the production workers and one-sixth of the officeworkers were scheduled to work 37% hours.
One-sixth of the production workers in both the
Middle Atlantic and Southeast regions were employed
on second shifts at the time of the survey; third or other
late shifts accounted for almost one-tenth. (See table 33.)
Most workers on both shifts in the Middle Atlantic
region received shift differentials— typically 5 percent
higher than day shift rates for second shifts and 10 per
cent for third shifts. Only a small proportion of the shift
workers in the Southeast received extra pay for such
work.
Paid holidays. One-half of the production workers and
three-fourths of the offlceworkers were in establishments
providing paid holidays annually. (See table 34.) In the
Middle Atlantic region, where more than nine-tenths of
both employee groups received paid holidays, the usual
provisions for production and offlceworkers were 5 or 7
days. In the Southeast, the typical provisions were 4 or 5
days for production workers and 3 to 5 days for
offlceworkers.
Paid vacations. Paid vacations, after qualifying periods
Other selected benefits. Paid leave to attend funerals of
of service, were available to slightly over three-fourths
of the production workers and to almost all of the officeworkers. (See table 35.) The most common provisions
for production workers were 1 week of vacation pay
after 1 year of service and 2 weeks’ after 5 years. Officeworkers typically were provided at least 1 week after
1 year of service and 2 weeks after 3 years. More than
2 weeks of vacation pay after 15 years of service were
granted by mills employing about two-fifths of the
production workers and one-half of the offlceworkers
in the Middle Atlantic region, but less than 5 percent
of the production workers and only one-eighth of the
offlceworkers in the Southeast.
certain family members was available in mills employ
ing one-eighth of the production workers and slightly
more than one-third of the offlceworkers. (See table
37.) Pay for leave while serving on a jury was available
to one-fifth of the production workers and threetenths of the offlceworkers. Tecnhological severance
pay applied to less than one-tenth of the workers
in both groups. The incidence of funeral leave pay and
jury duty pay varied widely by region. For example,
funeral leave pay was available to 60 percent of the
production workers and 80 percent of the offlceworkers
in the Middle Atlantic region, compared with 2 percent
and 13 percent in the Southeast.
29
T a b le 2 0 . M e n 's h o s ie ry mills: A v e ra g e h o u rly e a rn in g s by s e le c te d c h a r a c te ris tic s
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s b y s e le c t e d c h a r a c t e r is t ic s , U n ited S ta te s and s e le c t e d r e g io n s ,
S e p t e m b e r 1 970)
U n ited S ta te s 2
I te m
M id d le A tla n tic
S o u th e a s t
N u m b er
of
w orkers
A verage
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s 1
N u m ber
of
w orkers
A verage
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s 1
N u m ber
of
w orkers
A verage
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s 1
A ll p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------M e n --------------------------------------------------------------------W o m e n ---------------------------------------------------------------
1 7 ,6 0 8
4 , 764
1 2 ,8 4 4
$ 2 .0 9
2. 31
2. 01
2 ,0 3 2
659
1 ,3 7 3
$ 2 . 27
2. 51
2. 15
1 4 ,5 0 1
3 ,8 5 6
1 0 ,6 4 5
$ 2 . 05
2. 25
1 .9 8
S iz e o f c o m m u n ity :
M e tr o p o lita n a r e a s 3 ---------------------------------------N o n m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s ------------------------------------
5 ,9 7 7
1 1 ,6 3 1
2. 12
2 .0 8
1 ,5 0 8
-
2. 19
"
3 ,7 5 4
1 0 ,7 4 7
2. 09
2. 04
S iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t :
2 0 - 9 9 w o r k e r s -------------------------------------------------1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s ----------------------------------------------250 w o r k e r s o r m o r e -------------------------------------
3 ,1 9 3
5 ,2 8 7
9 ,1 2 8
2. 05
2. 09
2. 11
-
1 ,6 2 8
_
_
2 .3 5
2 ,5 7 7
4 ,7 2 2
7, 202
2. 06
2 .0 5
2 .0 5
1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and for w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s .
2 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
3 S ta n d a rd M e tr o p o lita n S t a tis tic a l A r e a s a r e d e fin e d b y the U .S . O ffic e o f M a n a g e m e n t and B u d get th rou gh J a n u a r y 1968.
N O TE :
D a s h e s in d ic a te no data r e p o r te d o r data th at do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a .
T a b le 21. M e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills: E a rn in g s d is trib u tio n
( P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 U n ited S ta te s and s e le c t e d r e g io n s ,
S e p te m b e r 1970)
U n ited S ta te s 23
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1
U n d er
$ 1. 60
$ 1. 65
$ 1. 70
$1.
and
and
and
60 -------------------------------------------u n d er $ 1 .6 5 -------------------------u n d er $ 1. 70 -------------------------u n d er $ 1. 75 --------------------------
$ 1. 75
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1. 85
$ 1 .9 0
$ 1. 95
and
and
and
and
and
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u nd er
u n d er
$ 1. 80
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1. 90
$ 1 .9 5
$ 2. 00
$ 2. 00
$ 2 .1 0
$ 2. 20
$ 2. 30
$ 2. 40
and
and
and
and
and
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2.
$ 2 . 50
$ 2 . 60
$ 2 . 70
$ 2 . 80
$ 2 .9 0
and
and
and
and
and
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
$ 3 .0 0
$ 3 . 10
$ 3 . 20
$ 3 .3 0
$ 3 . 40
and
and
and
and
and
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
u n d er
A ll
w orkers
M en
M id d le
A tla n tic
W om en
0 .3
1 1 .9
3 .8
6 .4
0. 1
5. 2
2 .0
5. 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 .3
5. 5
6. 3
5. 5
4. 6
3. 7
3 .4
4. 2
5 .9
2. 6
6.
6.
7.
5.
5.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9 .8
7. 7
6. 1
5. 1
4 .0
9. 6
6 .6
5. 6
5. 2
4. 4
$ 2 . 60
$ 2 . 70
$ 2 . 80
$ 2 . 90
$ 3 .0 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. 8
2. 7
2 .4
2. 1
1 .4
$ 3 .1 0
$ 3 . 20
$ 3 . 30
$ 3. 40
$ 3 .5 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. 1
.9
.6
.3
.4
1 0
20
30
40
50
$ 3. 50 and o v e r ----------------------------------------
‘
0 .4
14. 4
4. 5
6 .9
South east
0 .6
7. 0
1. 2
1. 8
7
2
2
0
1
6 .0
6. 0
5. 6
6. 0
4 .4
9 .9
8. 1
6. 3
5. 1
3 .9
10. 4
9 .9
8. 2
6. 2
5. 7
10. 1
7. 7
5 .9
4. 7
3. 6
7 .9
4. 2
5 .4
4. 6
2. 9
3. 6
2. 2
1 .3
1 .2
.9
5. 8
3 .9
2. 8
4. 0
2. 8
4 .4
2. 3
2. 2
1 .8
1. 1
2. 5
2. 8
1 .6
1. 1
1. 3
.
.
.
.
.
1 .8
1 .5
.8
.8
1. 1
.9
.8
.5
.2
.2
0
3
1
3
3
6
2
2
1
1
2.
3.
9.
3.
3.
0. 3
1 3 .4
4. 3
7. 1
.7
2. 3
.3
2. 3
.6
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
100. 0
100. 0
1 0 0 .0
--------------------------------
1 7 ,6 0 8
4 , 764
1 2 ,8 4 4
2 ,0 3 2
1 4 ,5 0 1
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 ----------------------
$ 2 . 09
$ 2 . 31
$ 2 . 01
$ 2 . 27
$ 2 .0 5
T o ta l
---------------------------------------------
N u m b er o f w o r k e r s
1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s .
2 I n c lu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
3 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t.
NOTE:
B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u a l 100.
T a b le 2 2 . M e n 's h o s ie ry m ills : O c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s —all m ills
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , U n ited S ta te s and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
U n ited S ta te s 2
O c c u p a tio n and s e x
N u m b er
of
w orkers
M ean3
M ed ia n 3
S o u th e a st
M id d le A tla n tic
N u m b er
of
M id d le r a n g e 3 w o r k e r s
H o u r ly e a r n in g s 1
H o u rly e a r n in g s 1
M ean 3
M ed ia n 3
$3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
-
$3. 00
3. 09
2 .0 4
N u m b er
of
M id d le r a n g e 3 w o r k e r s
H o u r ly e a r n in g s 1
M ean 3
M ed ian 3
M id dle ra n g e 3
1, 187
1, 096
1 ,2 3 9
91
1, 148
869
68
801
$2. 72
2 .7 1
2. 06
2. 07
2. 06
2. 04
1 .9 3
2 .0 5
$ 2 .7 3
2. 70
2 .0 2
2 .0 4
2 .0 2
2. 02
2. 00
2 .0 4
$2. 50—$2. 95
2. 5 0 - 2 .9 0
1 . 8 0 - 2. 28
1 . 8 5 - 2 .3 0
1 . 7 9 - 2 .2 8
1 . 8 6 - 2. 18
1 . 6 0 - 2 .0 3
1 . 8 6 - 2. 18
874
174
700
436
68
368
226
35
191
2. 02
2. 12
1 .9 9
1 .9 1
2. 11
1 .8 7
2. 02
2. 08
2. 01
1 .9 6
2. 07
1 .9 3
1 .7 8
1 .9 2
1 .7 0
1 .9 4
2. 10
1 .9 3
1 .7 4 1 .8 5 1 .7 1 1 .6 0 1 .7 8 1 .6 0 1 .7 4—
1 .7 4 1 .7 3 -
57
79
1 .7 9
1 .8 3
1 .6 5
1 .8 1
1 . 6 0 - 1 .8 3
1 . 6 9 - 1 .9 0
558
126
393
640
41
91
908
1, 301
169
1 .9 6
1 .9 5
2. 03
2. 07
1 .8 0
1 .7 6
1 .9 5
2 .0 5
2 .0 1
1 .8 8
1 .9 1
1 .9 7
2 .0 0
1 .7 0
1 .7 0
1 .8 4
1 .9 7
1 .9 0
1 .6 8 1 .6 9 1 .7 6 1 .7 5 1 .6 0 1 .6 4 1 .6 5 1 .7 3 1 .7 6 -
49
14
22
2. 17
2. 30
1 .9 6
2. 20
2 . 0 0 - 2. 33
P la n t o c c u p a tio n s
K n ittin g ft
A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s
( 1 ,4 1 3 m e n , 4 W om en) 4 ------------------------------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a l f - h o s e ------------------------K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ---------------------------------------------M e n -------------------------------------------------------------------W o m e n --------------------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , s t r i n g ----------------------------------------------------M en — ---------------------------------------------------------------W o m e n --------------------------------------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t i c -------------------------------------------M e n -----------:-------------------------------------------------------W o m e n --------------------------------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r th a n a u t o m a t i c ------------------— —
M e n -------------------------------------------------------------------W o m e n ----------------------------------------- — — -------------P r e b o a r d e r s — -----------------------------------------------------—
M en — ---------------------------------------------------------------W om en — ----------------------------------------------------------M is c e ll a n e o u s :
B a g g e r s (118 w o m e n , 1 m a n ) ----------------------------B o x e r s (81 w o m e n , 5 m e n ) —-------------------------------E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s )
(6 8 5 w o m e n , 3 m e n ) -------------------------------------------F o l d e r s ( a ll w o m e n )---------------------------------------------F o l d e r s and b o x e r s ( a ll w o m e n ) — ---------------------L o o p e r s , to e ( a ll w o m e n )------------------------------------M e n d e r s , hand , f in i s h ( a ll w o m e n ) -------------------M e n d e r s , hand , g r e y ( a ll w o m e n ) --------------------P a i r e r s ( a ll w o m e n ) --------------------------------------------S e a m e r s , to e ( a ll w o m e n ) -----------------------------------T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e o p e r a to r s ( a ll w o m e n )----------
1 ,4 1 7
1, 290
1 ,4 6 9
97
1, 372
1 ,0 0 9
68
941
$ 2 .7 7
2. 76
2. 08
2. 08
2. 08
2 .0 8
1 .9 3
2. 09
$ 2 .7 5
2. 75
2. 03
2 .0 4
2. 02
2 .0 4
2 .0 0
2 .0 6
989
203
786
529
85
4 44
263
53
210
2 .0 5
2. 16
2 .0 2
1 .9 5
2. 10
1 .9 3
2. 09
2. 33
2 .0 3
1 .9 8
2. 13
1 .9 5
1 .8 2
1 .9 5
1 .7 8
1 .9 6
2. 21
1 .9 3
$2. 50—$3. 00
2 . 5 0 - 3. 00
1 . 8 4 - 2. 30
1 . 8 4 - 2. 30
1 . 8 5 - 2. 30
1 . 9 1 - 2. 21
1 . 6 1 - 2 .0 3
1 . 9 2 - 2. 22
1 .7 6 1 .8 8 1 .7 3 1 .6 0 1 .8 5 1 .6 0 1 .7 8 1 .9 5 1 .7 8 -
143
121
131
6
125
-
2. 25
2 .4 2
2 .2 0
2. 17
2. 21
2. 13
2. 28
2 .5 0
2 .2 3
53
26
27
75
17
58
31
18
13
-
02
07
08
22
08
-
2. 04
-
-
-
-
2. 37
2. 40
2 . 33
2. 19
2 .0 6
2. 23
2. 65
2 .8 0
2. 43
-
119
86
1 .9 1
1 .8 3
1 .8 5
1 .8 1
1 . 7 0 - 1 .9 4
1 . 7 0 - 1 .9 0
688
126
420
757
56
146
1 ,0 4 8
1 ,4 7 7
197
1 .9 8
1 .9 5
2. 04
2 .0 9
1 .8 0
1 .8 3
1 .9 9
2 .0 9
2. 05
1 .9 2
1 .9 1
2 .0 0
2. 01
1 .7 0
1 .8 3
1 .8 8
2 . 00
1 .9 0
1 .7 0 1 .6 9 1 .7 6 1 .7 5 1 .6 0 1 .6 5 1 .6 9 1 .7 6 1 .8 0 -
2 .2 0
2 .2 0
2 .2 5
2 .3 4
1 .8 9
1 .9 5
2 . 20
2 . 34
2 . 24
89
90
10
33
73
86
28
2 . 02
2. 24
1 .7 3
1 .8 9
2. 17
2 .4 4
2. 33
61
17
30
2. 27
2 .3 2
1 .9 8
2. 25
2. 25
1 .8 6
2 . 0 0 - 2 .4 2
2. 1 0 - 2 . 59
1 . 8 0 - 2 . 22
7
2. 49
-
2. 33
2. 40
2. 19
1 .9 8
1 .9 8
2 .0 5
2. 44
2 .4 7
$2. 70—$3. 40
2. 6 8 - 3 .4 5
1 . 8 8 - 2 .2 3
-
1 . 8 8 - 2. 19
-
2. 1 3 2. 2 5 2. 0 6 1 .7 8 1 .8 5 1 .6 2 2. 2 4 2 .2 4 -
-
-
-
-
2 .0 0
-
2 . 26
_
1 .8 5
2 .0 9
2. 39
2. 21
1 .8 5 1 .8 7 _
1 .8 0 1 .9 2 2 .0 5 1 .9 9 -
2. 50
2 .6 1
2 .4 3
2 .6 0
2 .2 0
2 .7 3
2 .8 9
3 .1 2
2 .2 1
2. 52
1 .9 4
2 .3 7
2 .8 2
2 .8 8
2 .2 0
2. 30
2. 18
2 .0 8
2 .2 4
2 .0 6
2 .2 1
2. 38
2 .2 0
2. 18
2 .2 0
2 .2 4
2 .3 0
1 .8 5
1 .8 5
2. 12
2 .2 7
2. 20
O ff ic e o c c u p a tio n s
C le r k s , p a y r o ll (60 w o m e n , 1 m a n ) ------------------S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ( a ll w o m e n )------------------T y p is t s , c l a s s B ( a ll w o m e n )------------------------------1
2
3
4
E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s .
I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n t o t h o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
S e e a p p e n d ix A f o r m e th o d u s e d to c o m p u te m e a n s , m e d ia n s , and m id d le r a n g e s o f r a t e s .
I n c lu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
N O T E : D a s h e s in d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r te d o r d a ta th a t do not m e e t p u b lica tio n c r it e r i a ,
-
-
-
_
-
_
_
-
_
1 .8 5
_
1 . 7 1 - 2. 22
Table 23. Men's hosiery mills: Occupational averages—by size of community
(N um ber and average stra ig h t-tim e hourly ea rn in g s
r e g io n s, Septem ber 1970)
of w ork ers in s e le c te d occupations by s iz e of com m unity. United S ta tes and s ele cted
1
United S ta tes 2
Occupation and sex
M etropolitan a re a s
Number
of
w orkers
A verage
hourly
earn in gs
450
Middle A tlantic
N onm etropolitan a r e a s
M etropolitan a r e a s
A verage
Number
of
hourly
w ork ers
earnings
Number
of
w o rk ers
A verage
hourly
earnings
$ 2 .8 0
963
$ 2 . 76
109
. 80
. 20
880
72
2. 74
2. 04
87
.
58
2 .4 8
145
2. 04
32
2 .3 3
53
1 .9 6
388
255
2 .0 6
984
2 .2 0
686
Southeast
M etropolitan a r e a s
N onm etropolitan a re a s
Number
A verage
hourly
of
w o rk ers
ea rnings
N um ber
of
w ork ers
A verage
hourly
earn in gs
$ 3 . 05
288
$ 2 .6 9
897
$ 2 .7 3
3. 12
-
270
.
2 .6 8
824
72
2 .7 2
2 .0 4
26
2 .4 0
32
2. 53
142
2 .0 2
17
2
. 06
_
_
53
1 .96
2 .0 9
2 .0 5
83
-
1 .9 7
-
239
131
909
670
2 .0 7
2 .0 5
Men
Knitting:
A d ju sters and fix e r s , knitting
mjki*hin«t«3
.
. ..
S e a m le ss h o sie r y , half
h o se
_____ rT- . . T. ___
K n itte rs, autom atic ___________
B oarding and preboarding:
B o a r d e r s, autom atic —____ ___
B o a rd er s, other than
au tom atic
__ r —
406
25
2
2
.
Women
Knitting:
K n itte rs, autom atic _______ ——
K n itte rs, strin g ____________ . . .
Boarding and preboarding:
B o a r d e r s, autom atic _________
B o a rd er s, other than
a u to m a tic ____________________
P r eb o a rd ers __________________
M iscellan eou s:
B a g g er s ----------------------------------B o x er s
___ _ _ ___________
E x a m in er s, grey (h osiery
in s p e c t o r s ) _______________ __
F o ld e rs and b oxers ___________
Loo per 8 , t o e ____________ ______
M en d ers, hand, fin ish -----------M en d ers, hand, g r e y __ ______
P a ir e r s ----------------------------------S e a m e r s , toe _________________
T ran sfer-m ach in e op erators
1
2
3
2 .0 5
2 .0 9
224
2 .0 6
562
2 .0 1
27
2. 33
15fr
2 .0 2
544
1.98
215
58
2 .0 7
2 . 10
229
152
1.79
58
13
2 .2 3
2 .4 3
139
39
2 .0 1
229
152
2 .0 1
85
13
1. 94
1 .75
_
-
68
172
189
346
35
64
381
307
57
1 .9 8
. 10
2 . 16
2
1 .8 6
1 .9 0
2 .0 1
2
2
.
.
11
10
33
513
231
411
21
82
667
1, 170
140
2 .0 1
1 .8 5
1 .8 3
1. 98
1 .9 9
2 .0 3
1. 70
1 .7 8
1 .98
2 .0 9
2 .0 4
89
_
86
10
33
73
50
20
E xcludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts.
Includes data for region s in addition to th o se shown sep a ra tely .
Includes data for w ork ers in c la ss ific a tio n s in addition to th o se shown sep a ra tely .
NOTE: D ashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia .
2 . 02
_
2 .2 3
1. 73
1.89
2. 17
2. 23
2 . 11
_
61
174
242
20
18
262
209
37
2 .0 3
1 .9 3
2 . 11
2. 15
1.91
1 .8 4
1 .9 3
2 .0 6
2 . 10
33
1.79
68
1 .85
1 .8 3
494
219
398
2 .0 2
21
73
646
1,092
132
1.97
1 .9 6
1. 70
1. 74
1 .9 6
2. 04
1.98
T a b le 2 4 . M e n 's h o s ie ry m ills: O c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s —by s iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s by s i z e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t , U n ited S ta te s and S o u t h e a s t, S e p te m b e r 1970)
S o u th e a st
U n ited S ta te s 2
E s t a b lis h m e n t h a v in g —
2 0 -9 9
O c c u p a tio n and s e x
W O ] rk e r s
1 0 0 -2 4 9
w orkers
A verage
N u m ber
h o u r ly
of
w orkers
e a r n in g s 1
250 w o r k e r s
or m ore
N u m b er
A verage
of
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s 1
w orkers
2 0 -9 9
w orkers
A verage
N u m b er
of
h o u r ly
w orkers
e a r n in g s 1
1 0 0 -2 4 9
w orkers
N u m b er
A verage
of
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s 1
w orkers
250 w o r k e r s
or m o r e
N u m b er
A verage
of
h o u r ly
w orkers
e a r n in g s 1
N u m ber
of
w orkers
A verage
hour ly
e a r n in g s 1
312
$ 2 . 79
514
$ 2 . 75
587
$ 2 . 78
270
$ 2 . 78
473
$ 2 . 72
442
$ 2 .6 9
254
10
2. 74
1. 87
514
52
2. 75
2. 09
518
35
2. 78
2. 12
226
10
2. 75
1. 87
473
42
2. 72
2. 09
395
29
2. 68
2. 10
-
-
60
2. 17
114
2. 09
-
25
2. 42
328
364
2. 11
2. 05
504
231
M en
K n ittin g :
A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g
m a c h in e s 3 --------------------------------S e a m le s s h o s ie r y , h a l f
h o s e --------------- — -------------------K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c -------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic ------------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u to
m a tic —
76
2. 24
127
2. 11
43
1. 94
28
2. 37
14
2. 03
342
232
1. 93
2. 04
397
364
2. 14
2. 05
633
345
2. 13
2. 16
-
-
-
W o m en
K n ittin g :
K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic -----------------------------K n it t e r s , s t r i n g —
-- -------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic ---------- - ------B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u to Y T lcttiC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
P reb oard ers
M is c e lla n e o u s :
E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y
i n s p e c t o r s ) -----------------------------------------F o ld e r s and b o x e r s ------------ —-----------L o o p e r s , t o e -------------------------------------------M e n d e r s, hand, g r e y ------------------P a i r e r s ----------------------------------------S e a m e r s , t o e -----------------------------T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s -----
1. 90
2. 04
2. 14
2. 07
53
2. 07
292
2. 03
441
2. 01
35
2. 10
35
2. 10
256
1. 98
202
27
1. 80
2. 18
102
102
1 .9 2
1 .9 6
140
81
2. 11
2. 08
150
1. 74
101
102
1. 91
1. 96
117
74
2. 01
2. 02
223
74
154
28
156
374
33
2.
1.
2.
1.
2.
2.
2.
220
153
160
38
378
* 465
80
1 .9 6
2. 04
2. 00
1. 88
1. 95
2. 10
1. 98
242
193
443
80
514
638
84
1.
2.
2.
1.
2.
2.
2.
195
74
101
203
141
160
30
329
395
78
1.
2.
2.
1.
1.
2.
1.
157
178
379
43
456
556
58
1 .9 3
2. 11
2. 07
1. 73
1. 97
2. 04
2. 06
02
87
11
84
03
08
00
1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s .
2 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th e S o u th e a st r e g io n .
3 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
NO TE :
316
206
D a s h e s in d ic a te n o d a ta r e p o r te d o r data th a t do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a .
97
10
11
81
00
09
15
-
-
123
350
33
-
2. 03
1. 87
2. 16
-
2. 02
2. 09
2. 00
92
00
00
78
89
03
98
T a b le 2 5 .
M e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills: O c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s — by m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s* o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s b y m eth o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t, U n ited S ta te s and s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
U n ited S t a t e s 2
O c c u p a tio n and s e x
T im e w orkers
N u m b er
A verage
of
h o u rly
e a r n in g s
w orkers
M id d le A tla n tic
I n c e n tiv e
w orkers
N um ber
A verage
h o u r ly
of
e a r n in g s
w orkers
T im e w orkers
N um ber
A verage
h o u r ly
of
e a r n in g s
w orkers
S o u th e a st
I n c e n tiv e
w orkers
N u m ber
A verage
of
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s
w orkers
T im e w orkers
N u m ber
A verage
of
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s
w orkers
In c e n tiv e
w orkers
N u m b er
A verage
of
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s
w orkers
M en
K nitting:
A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g
m a c h in e s 3 ----------------------------------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a l f - h o s e ------
1 ,3 3 3
1 ,2 2 4
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic ------------------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u to m a tic -------
-
$ 2 .7 4
2 .7 3
-
80
62
$ 3 . 22
3 . 37
61
57
$ 2 . 75
2. 73
80
62
$ 3 . 22
3. 37
1, 185
1 ,0 9 4
203
80
2. 16
2. 12
-
-
26
15
2 .4 0
2. 10
-
$ 2 . 72
2. 71
-
.
174
65
$ 2 . 12
2. 13
970
661
2. 11
2. 10
700
351
185
1 .9 9
1 .8 9
2 .0 2
Worn en
K nitting:
K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic ---------------------------K n it t e r s , s t r in g --------------------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic ------------------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u t o m a t i c ------P r e b o a r d e r s ----------------------------------------M is c e lla n e o u s :
B a g g e r s ----------------------------------------------B o x e r s ------------------------------------------------E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y i n s p e c to rs)
------------------------------------------------F o ld e r s and b o x e r s ---------------------------L o o p e r s , to e -------------------------------------M e n d e r s , h a n d , f i n i s h ----------------------M e n d e r s , h a n d , g r e y — --------------------P a i r e r s ----------------------------------------------S e a m e r s , t o e -------------------------------------T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ------------
234
159
1 .8 5
1 .8 7
1 ,1 3 8
782
2. 13
2. 13
-
-
-
117
-
2. 10
-
178
140
29
-
1 .6 7
-
772
4 15
204
2. 03
1 .9 4
2. 04
-
-
27
58
13
2. 33
2. 23
2. 43
-
71
9
1 .7 8
1 .7 7
47
72
2 . 11
1 .8 2
-
-
-
55
31
1 .8 3
1 .7 5
630
389
748
31
82
1 ,0 0 6
1 ,4 4 5
187
1 .9 9
2 .0 6
2 .0 9
1 .8 6
1 .8 7
2 .0 0
2. 10
2. 07
-
-
-
-
86
87
-
-
-
25
64
42
32
"
-
1 .7 3
1 .7 8
1 .8 0
1 .7 4
1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s .
2 In c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
3 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
NO TE :
D a s h e s in d ic a t e no d a ta r e p o r te d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r ia ,
-
-
“
-
18
67
85
28
2. 03
2. 25
-
1 .9 6
2. 16
2 .4 5
2 .3 3
1 .8 1
1 .8 5
-
34
-
1. 68
-
23
72
1 .9 5
1 .8 2
36
31
1 .8 2
1 .7 5
519
362
640
27
55
877
1 ,2 8 0
159
1 .9 7
2 .0 5
2 .0 7
1 .8 5
1. 7?
1 .9 6
2 .0 5
2 .0 2
-
14
36
31
-
1. 71
I. 73
1 .7 3
-
-
“
"
T a b le 2 6 .
M e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills:
O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s —N o rth C a ro lin a
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s . S e p te m b e r 1970)
Occupation and se x
A ll production w o rk ers--------M e n ---------------------------------W om en-----------------------------
Number of w ork ers receiv in g stra ig h t- tim e hourly earnings of—
$2.50
$2.70 $2.8 0 $2793 $3.0 0 $ 1 .T0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $3.4 0 $ 3 3 0 $3.60 $3.70
$1.65 $1.70 ? I.? 5 $1.80 $ T 3 S $ 1 3 0 $1795 $ x o o $ 2 . 1 0 $2720 $2.30
hourly $1.60
of
and
w ork ers earnings1 unde r
$1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $ 2.50 $2.60 $ 2.70 $2.80 $2.9 0 $3.0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $3.40 $ 3.50 $3.60 $3.70 over
1 1 ,2 1 2
2 ,8 5 0
8 ,3 6 2
$ 2 .0 9 *1,207
2. 32
no
1,097
2 . 01
388
23
365
726
114
612
691
99
592
683
608
705
101
582
109
499
494
211
472 1,225
84 304
388 921
854
189
665
740
173
567
597
156
441
443
109
334
514
216
298
68
56
36
33
31
20
2
19
15
4
31
25
12
6
5
5
36
29
7
281
109
172
289
191
98
257
174
83
159
108
67
41
80
57
102
10
S elected production
occupations— m en
Knitting
A d ju sters and fix e r s ,
knitting m ach in es (a ll
tim ew ork ers) 3 -------------------S e a m le ss h o sie r y ,
h a lf - h o s e ----------------------K n itte rs, a u to m a tic---- ----- —
In cen tive --------------- :-----------------
974
2. 75
.
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
17
24
40
47
45
137
77
142
141
84
54
56
23
30
12
24
3
14
928
2 .7 4
2 . 11
2 . 12
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
53
3
12
6
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
1
-
-
2
-
-
2
3
10
-
22
2
22
-
28
9
9
137
3
3
49
-
43
5
5
78
4
4
47
17
-
38
5
4
129
5
23
9
140
1
1
17
5
3
73
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
_
-
1
-
-
*
3
“
79
61
58
53
1 07
*•
7i
1
07
I . 7»
12
4
12
4
8
4
13
D
f.
O
l1 c7
13
e
1
:®
x
7
8
j
3
1
i1 7
#
Q
7
Q
o
•j
1
X
I1
2
X
1
3
Boarding and preboarding
B o a r d e r s, autom atic (a ll
n
o
HO
7
g
ia
B o a rd er s, oth er than
P reb o a rd ers (a ll in cen tive
WOrK* r 8)
56
1 .7
OG
1
3i
1
35
7 v
All
4*
o
7
l
1
11
ij
1
6
7
f
6
1
6
4
2
3
2
S ele cted production
w ork ers — wom en
Knitting
58
70
59
20
3
10
2
2
1
_
_
66
20
3
10
2
2
1
-
-
19
19
6
6
-
6
1
3
3
-
6
3
3
1
66
59
15
15
"
30
41
15
16
12
9
7
9
2
1
4
1
-
1
-
-
9
6
15
7
2
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
49
123
72
82
123
149
124
71
117
116
76
66
22
49
40
40
42
27
25
31
34
47
54
9
20
13
8
23
24
8
5
158
24
8
20
18
648
562
20
6
6
10
10
22
20
5
4
4
536
2 .0 4
80
22
26
311
1 .8 9
116
23
16
1 iy
7
1 lO
54
34
34
50
34
45
45
32
32
686
—
32
. 09
1.81
. 16
2 . 08
2 . 11
861
_
32
79
19
2
2
— ............—
Inc en tive— — — —— — —
K n itters, s tr in g --------------—--------—
I n c e n tiv e -------------------------—
K n itters, autom atic
A
i1 A
o
D
Boarding and preboarding
B o a r d e r s, autom atic (a ll
in cen tive w o r k e r s ) - - .................
B o a r d e r s, other than
autom atic 4 —...........................— — -
See footnotes a t end o f table.
A?
f6
11
7
1E
13
o7
1E
1
o
x
7
8
5
6
A
o7
Table 26. Men’s hosiery mills: Occupations! earnings—North Carolina—Continued
(N um ber and a verage s tra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings
O ccupation and s e x
1
of production w ork ers ii* s ele cted occup ation s, Septem ber 1970)
N um ber of w o rk ers re ceiv in g stra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings ofNumber A verage M .60 $1.65 $1.76 * 1 .7 S $ 1 .8 0 $ i.8 5 $ T 3 6 $ 1 .9 5 $2700 $Z T 0 $7720 $2710 $2740 $2750 $2760 $2770 $ 2 .8 0 $2700 $ 3 .6 6 $ 3 .1 0 $1720 $1730 $3.46 $ 3 3 0 $ 1 . 6 6 f v n r
hourly and
of
and
w o rk ers earnings 1
tinder
H .6 5 $1.70 $1.75 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $2.8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $3.0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $3.60 $ 3 .7 0 o ver
S ele cted production
w ork ers—-w om en —
Continued
Mi s c ellan eou s
Incentive — — —— — —
B o x ers (a ll in cen tive
44
$ 1 .7 9
2 .0 1
20
-
2
20
-
2
-
3
3
48
1.79
12
3
3
4
9
9
11
_
1
3
3
11
_
-
1
1
.
-
_
-
1
1
1
1
_
-
_
-
2
-
.
2
_
-
_
-
-
1
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
• .
-
_
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
E x a m in er s, g rey (h o siery
T im e
- Incentive
F o ld e r s (a ll in cen tive
w o rk ers)—------------ . . . . —
T im e —---------I n c e n tiv e -------------------L o o p ers, to e (a ll in cen tive
M en d ers, hand, fin ish ■ ■—
T im e ------- —■. - ...
M en d ers, hand, g re y —— —
Incentive —— —————
P a i r e r s -------------------------------T i m e ------------------ — ■—
Incentive - ■■ — — ■■
S e a m e r s , to e (a ll in cen tive
w ork ers )------------------------- —
S ew in g-m ach in e o p era to rs
(panty h ose) (a ll in cen tive
w ork ers) — — ---------------T ran sfer-m a ch in e
op erators ------ -------------- —
Incentive
12
16
2
29
38
25
26
25
12
13
4
2
4
2
8
1
12
14
29
32
25
25
26
25
12
13
4
2
4
2
_
4
17
5
4
24
6
11
6
8
4
9
_
9
19
19
6
4
4
1
18
18
18
6
12
34
34
4
18
3
15
1
46
_
46
16
24
24
2
4
4
16
16
9
45
5
32
32
11
2
1
4
4
2
_
-
.
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
-
55
7
40
38
30
_
~ 60
51
-
34
47
36
18
13
15
8
7
6
2
.
-
3
-
-
_
8
1
2
_
30
3
22
2
7
1
6
8
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
44
28
_
28
52
_
52
39
_
39
42
28
_
28
24
_
24
36
_
36
11
6
2
_
6
2
_
_
_
6
_
_
_
_
_
11
4
_
4
2
_
40
_
_
_
_
-
6
43
96
66
99
64
39
51
31
14
22
15
10
2
_
-
-
_
3
_
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
2 .0 0
5
47
11
2
560
28
2
5
1
6
6
15
1
_
6
1
2
5
9
3
8
9
38
1
2
1
62
54
53
4
49
37
4
33
42
33
_
33
70
46
35
50
77
1
2
8
115
36
1 ,0 0 7
2 .0 7
131
43
39
2. 34
1
1
1
128
118
2 .0 4
2 .0 5
14
14
5
3
3
3
32
2 .2 7
2. 43
2 .0 5
_
”
_
_
-
3
4
11
11
3
1
-
2
1
6
1.77
3
3
116
30
3
30
30
7
2 .0 0
6
10
10
l
55
27
28
669
23
646
1 .8 2
_
.
29
95
366
19
347
2 .0 0
_
-
39
31
1 .7 6
_
-
22
36
83
U 7 9
.
-
22
83
. 08
1.78
1.7 2
1.81
_
-
32
5
27
1.97
1.8 3
1.98
11
17
_
-
-
446
29
417
2. 05
1 .8 4
2 . 06
.
-
1
1
2
1
26
8
1
_
-
2
_
2
2
_
_
2
6
_
-
1
-
4
4
4
-
-
2
2
2
2
2
3
11
6
5
5
4
4
11
11
9
9
4
4
9
9
_
-
1
1
2
6
5
5
1
11
25
17
1
1
2
_
-
3
-
2
5
2
_
-
1
_
1
_
_
2
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
-
1
-
1
6
_
S ele cted o ffic e
oc cupations—-women
C ler k s, p ayroll —---------------Sten ograp hers, gen er a l ———
T y p ists, c la s s B ------ ■
11
16
-
~
_
-
1
3
2
'
"
1
9
4
3
6
-
-
1
2
1
1
E xclud es p rem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, h olid ays, and la te sh ifts. A pproxim ately 65 p ercent of the production w o rk ers co v ered by the study w ere paid
centive b a sis.
2 Includes 34 w o rk ers under $ 1 .6 0 in other than the sele c te d occupations shown.
3 Includes data for w ork ers in cla ssifica tio n in addition to th o se shown sep a ra tely .
4
Insu fficien t data to w arrant publication of sep arate a v era g es by method of w age paym ent, predom inantly in centive w o rk ers.
on an in
T a b le 2 7 .
M e n ’s h o s ie ry miMs: O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s —T e n n e s s e e
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h i f t s . A p p r o x im a te ly 5 8 p e r c e n t o f the p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by th e s tu d y w e r e p a id on in c e n tiv e b a s is .
2 I n c lu d e s 6 w o r k e r s u n d e r $ 1 . 6 0 in o th e r than th e s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s sh o w n .
3 I n c lu d e s d ata fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
4 I n s u f fic ie n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p u b lic a tio n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m ethod o f w a g e p a y m e n t; (a ) p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s , o r (b) p r e d o m in a n tly in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s .
T a b le 2 8 .
M e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s —'H ic k o r y —S ta te s v ille , N .C .
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s
2
o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s , S e p te m b e r
1970
)
N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of—
iMumper A v e r a g e
$ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $1.70 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $2.40 $2.50 1 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 ' $2.8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $3.00 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $3.40 $3.5 0 $ 3 . 6 0 $3.70
of
h o u r ly
and
v o r k e r s e a r n in g s 2
and
under
$ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $1.75 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $2.£0 $2.60 1 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $2.9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $3.10 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $3.50
$3.60 $ 3 .7 0
$ 2 . 08
A ll p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s ----------- 2, 9 9 9
3 471 174
147
128
188
152
209
104
322
182
131
134
34
84
105
159
87
34
31
25
18
7
6
19
23
25
M e n -------------------------------------665
2. 45
25
6
15
25
29 14
63
35
19
38
9
44*
27
71
25
67
15
18
32
11
7
5
9
18
19
19
W o m e n --------------------------------- 2, 3 3 4
1 .9 7
442 160
141
184
113
95
127
259
147
121
169
90
57
60
62
38
16
16
16
2
7
5
1
6
O c c u p a tio n and s e x
S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n
o c c u p a t io n s —m e n
K n ittin g
A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s ,
k n ittin g m a c h in e s , s e a m le s s h o s ie r y , h a lf-h o s e
( a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) -----------------K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic 4 ----------- 7 -
_
280
29
2 .8 5
1. 92
42
11
28
8
1
18
3
4
19
7
5
2
8
9
2
14
-
11
2
21
5
10
2
55
1
8
2
8
3
11
2. 00
2
-
-
-
1
1
3
-
-
1
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
14
9
5
5
9
9
75
15
31
16
8
8
2
2
10
10
26
26
87
62
17
17
36
36
4
4
13
13
10
10
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
1
1
3
3
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
-
-
5
3
11
5
9
10
10
4
2
3
6
3
1
1
5
-
-
-
-
_
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
1
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g
B o a r d e r s , o th e r th an a u to m a tic ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w o r k e r s ) ---------------------------;-----S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n
o c c u p a tio n s —w o m e n
K n ittin g
K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c ---------------I n c e n tiv e ------------------------K n it t e r s , s t r i n g ----------------------Inc e n t iv e -------------------------
254
149
287
202
1.
2.
2.
2.
94
05
04
11
21
21
11
11
3
3
5
5
-
91
6
1
1
121
2. 11
15
7
4
5
124
2. 11
74
14
13
5
1
5
1
1
7
1
1
83
2. 07
16
4
4
4
1
3
6
3
8
9
6
3
2
-
1
8
185
172
107
17
90
1. 92
1 .9 3
2. 00
1. 87
2. 02
44
44
17
17
17
12
3
2
1
16
11
7
5
2
7
7
6
6
6
14
4
4
2
10
9
5
9
9
10
1
1
14
2
14
5
9
9
9
5
3
2
4
4
_
7
7
9
1
1
_
23
23
2
1
1
16
14
14
6
10
10
9
6
3
z
119
8
175
168
1.
1.
2.
2.
90
63
09
11
25
6
31
30
13
1
13
11
14
1
15
15
8
3
6
10
4
7
9
6
5
8
9
8
12
10
8
7
11
11
7
7
12
12
8
8
10
10
2
2
4
4
10
10
4
4
282
2. 09
28
23
26
14
5
14
11
14
26
20
24
12
5
22
18
7
2
6
5
38
2. 14
1
2
1
7
-
3
3
-
2
1
7
-
1
-
8
-
-
1
1
8
2. 38
1
-
2
1
2
1
-
-
1
4
4
15
15
i
1
3
-
-
-
-
3
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic ( a ll
in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) ---------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r th an a u t o
m a tic ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w o r k e r s ) --------------------------------P r e b o a r d e r s ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w o r k e r s ) ---------------------------------
16
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
M is c e lla n e o u s
E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y
i n s p e c t o r s ) ---------------------------I n c e n tiv e ------------------------F o ld e r s and b o x e r s -----------------T im e -------------------------------I n c e n t i v e -----------------------L o o p e r s , to e (a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) --------------------------------M e n d e r s, hand, g r e y 5 ----------P a i r e r s -------------------------------------I n c e n tiv e ------------------------S e a m e r s , to e ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w o r k e r s ) --------------------------------T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e o p e r a to r s
_
_
_
z
_
_
10
_
_
_
1
1
1
6
8
6
6
-
-
-
_
_
.
_
S e le c t e d o f fic e
o c c u p a t io n s —w o m e n
C le r k s , p a y r o l l ------------------------
* T h e H ic k o r y - S t a t e s v il le a r e a c o n s is t s of B u rk e, C a ld w ell, C ataw ba, and I r e d e ll C o u n tie s.
p ^ l u d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . A p p r o x im a te ly 62 p e r c e n t o f th e p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by th e stu d y w e r e paid on an in c e n tiv e b a s is .
I n c lu d e s 14 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1 . 60 in o th er than the s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s show n.
5
I n s u f fic ie n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n ta t io n of s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s by m eth o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t; p r e d o m in a n tly in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s .
W o r k e r s p a id u n d er t im e and in c e n tiv e s y s t e m s w e r e e q u a lly d iv id e d .
3
4
T a b le 2 9 . M e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills: O c c u p a tio n a l earn in g s—W in s to n -S a le m —H ig h Point, N.C ,
(N um ber and av er a g e str a ig h t-tim e h ourly e a r n in g s 2 of production w orkers in se le c te d occup ation s, S ep tem b er 1970)
Num ber of w o rk ers re ceiv in g stra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings of—
A verage $ 1.60
$1.65 $ 1 .7 0 $1.75 $1.80 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . Iff $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $3.1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3.40 $"3750 $ 3765 “
of
hourly
w ork ers earning^
under
$1.65 $1.70 $ 1 .7 5 $1.80 $1.85 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.3 0 $2.40 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $3.20 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $3.5 0 $3.60 over
O ccupation and s e x
6 ,3 9 1
1,801
4 .5 9 0
$ 2 . 12
2 . 28
2 .0 5
560
517
44
31
2 .7 2
2. 70
2 . 19
2. 17
428
52
*376
144
7
137
393
99
294
365
58
307
.
-
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
377
72
305
339
82
257
438
165
273
299
61
238
761
189
572
.
.
_
_
4
4
.
.
_
_
.
5
9
9
3
22
21
5
1
4
593
134
459
486
106
380
400
98
302
276
25
23
3
£
28
28
15
£
33
31
182
166
70
96
151
94
57
59
59
47
43
71
71
101
144
CO
Do
1114
44
78
*1L.
io
Z
04A
39
25
117
106
65
59
29
24
35
25
34
13
10
8
21
11
6
7
12
10
10
13
2
4
1
2
20
11
10
3
6
17
10
8
1
4
5
3
"
*
*
“
S ele cted production
occupation s— m en
Knitting
A d ju sters and f ix e r s , knitting
m a ch in es (a ll tim e w o r k e r s ) 4 ___
S e a m le ss h o sie r y , h a l f - h o s e __
K n itte rs, a u t o m a t ic ______________
K n itte rs, strin g (a ll in cen tive
w ork en )
_
2
2
4
2
2
4
36
2. 04
70
2
22
4
4
2
3
3
1
15
1.97
2
-
1
'
-
20
2 .0 8
-
-
7
1
402
52
350
337
2 . 12
1.91
2. 15
8
_
4
.
_
8
4
2 .1 1
9
1
4
9
270
157
2
11
14
10
16
2 .0 2
38
9
9
1
27
4
11
6
4
$
10
5
;
22
1
‘
5
4
4
2
2
“
'
“
"
“
"
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
l
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
4
1
-
-
-
%
|
11
6
6
4
6
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
3
-
2
2
-
-
-
■ -
66
7
8
6
1
1
g
2
o
1
1
4
4
4
6
2
6
2
2
2
3
1
-
-
1
2
1
2
1
B oarding and preboarding
B o a rd er s, au tom atic (a ll in cen tive
urorlr.p.t
__ ...
......
B o a rd er s, other than
au tom atir * h /
P reb oard er s l a l l in cen tive
w o rk ers)
.....
.
"
S ele cted production
occup ation s— w om en
K nitting
K n itte rs, a u t o m a t ic ______________
T im e .
.
K n itte rs, s tr in g * b /
-rT----- .
_
44
35
9
9
1
g
17
11
12
1
33
73
50
1
ft
42
4
27
4
11
11
33
30
60
53
i *
DJ
29
49
73
ID
JO
4
73
54
19
14
11
9
8
9
17
21
22
32
16
5
15
20
5
2
2
Boarding and preboarding
B o a r d e r s, autom atic (a ll in ce n tiv e
w o rk er s )
__ T___
B o a r d e r s , o th er than au tom atic l b i P r eb o a rd ers * b /---------- ---------- _____
See footnotes at end of table.
96
.
1 .9 8
14
6
5
9
6
16
9
8
9
8
14
9
5
7
8
6
6
2
1
1
5
3
3
1
1
4
8
1
-
-
-
-
T a b le 2 9 .
M e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills :
O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s —W in s t o n - S a l e m —H ig h P o in t, N .C .1—C o n tin u e d
(N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
O cc u p a tio n an d s e x
N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f—
N u m ber A v e r a g e
$ 1*60 $ 1.65 $ 1.70 $ 1.7 5 $ 1 .8 6 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 W z s o $ X 6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $"5.00 $ 3 .1 o $3420
$3750 $3740 $ 3 7 5 6 $ 3 .6 0
of
h o u r ly
w o r k e r s e a r n in g ^
_
u n d er $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0
$ 3 .6 0 o v e r
S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n —
C on tin u ed
M is c e lla n e o u s
B a g g e r s 5b /_ __ ____ _
E x a m i n e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y
i n s p e c t o r s ) ________________________
I n c e n tiv e
. _ _
_ ___
F o l d e r s ( a ll i n c e n tiv e w o r k e r s )
F o l d e r s an d b o x e r s ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w o r k e r s ) . _______________
L o o p e r s , t o e ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w ork ers)
. . . . . _____ _____ __
M en d ers, hand, f in is h 5b /
____
M e n d e r s , h a n d , g r e y 5 a 7 __________
P a i r e r s ____________
___ _____ . . . .
T im e
I n c e n tiv e . .
...
. ___ _.
S e a m e r s , t o e ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w ork ers) _
_ ............
T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s
( a ll i n c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) ___ ___
10
$ 2 . 18
234
218
65
2 .0 3
2 .0 5
2 . 04
35
35
2
245
2 . 08
28
3
429
14
29
392
8
384
2. 13
1 .9 0
1 .8 1
2 . 02
1 .8 9
2 .0 3
30
_
_
38
38
27
2
_
16
16
477
2 . 06
66
14
55
2. 12
5
1
2 .2 1
2 . 37
_
_
2
13
13
5
3
16
16
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
24
24
8
8
2
12
12
5
32
22
2
10
26
12
15
8
7
32
27
15
13
16
9
24
2
7
26
26
22
2
4
43
3
40
12
1
9
25
2
23
23
3
6
27
1
26
20
_
1
20
.
20
15
_
_
18
_
18
52
1
1
31
_
31
41
_
1
30
_
30
22
1
42
2
28
18
32
2
30
26
_
26
20
_
20
26
7
_
26
28
18
19
27
36
21
59
34
41
34
13
2
1
12
1
14
4
1
3
4
1
8
_
.
.
6
4
4
5
5
5
19
15
11
16
16
6
16
16
10
17
17
4
3
3
2
2
9
6
4
13
15
7
5
_
5
_
7
_
25
10
4
14
4
1
-
1
-
-
-
S e l e c t e d o f f ic e
o c c u p a tio n s— w o m e n
C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ______
S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ____________
b a s is .
_
1
_
_
_
3
2
7
6
2
_
l
1
1
1
_
_
_
7
5
2
1
-
1
1
-
4
4
_
_
_
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
23
9
1
3
1
1
5
2
7
4
5
1
-
*
1 T h e W in s to n -S a le m —H ig h P o in t a r e a c o n s is t s o f A la m a n c e , D a v id s o n , F o r s y t h , G u ilfo r d , R a n d o lp h , and S u r r y C o u n tie s .
2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , an d la te s h i f t s . A p p r o x im a te ly 6 5 p e r c e n t o f th e
3 I n c lu d e s 20 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1. 60 in o th e r than th e s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s sh o w n .
4 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n t o t h o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
5 I n s u f fic ie n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p u b lic a tio n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s by m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n ts ; (a ) p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s ,
4
4
2
1
p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by th e stu d y w e r e p aid on an in c e n tiv e
o r (b) p r e d o m in a n tly in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s .
T a b le 3 0 .
M e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills :
M e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s by m eth o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t, U n ited S t a te s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S t a te s , and a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
R e g io n s
M ethod o f w a g e p a y m e n t 1
U n ited
S ta te s 2
M id d le
A tla n tic
S ta te s
N o rth
C a r o lin a
S o u th e a s t
A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------
100
100
T im e - r a te d w o r k e r s -------------------------------------------F o r m a l p l a n s ---------------------------------- --------------S in g le r a te ------------------------------------------------R a n g e o f r a t e s -------------------------------------------In d iv id u a l r a t e s -----------------------------------------------
37
11
2
8
26
40
24
1
23
16
35
6
( 3)
5
30
6
29
I n c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------------I n d iv id u a l p i e c e w o r k -------------------------------------G rou p p i e c e w o r k -------------------------------------------In d iv id u a l b o n u s --------------------- ---------- ------------G rou p b o n u s ----------------------------------------------------
63
58
1
4
( 3)
60
38 ~
65
62
1
2
“
65
62
(3)
2
"
100
-
21
2
A reas
W in sto n H ic k o r y S a le m T e n n e s s e e S ta te s v il le ,
H igh P o in t,
N .C .
N . C.
100
100
100
100
35
6
42
12
5
8
29
38
_
35
9
-
58
55
3
_
_
_
_
38
9
26
62
62
_
1
"
65
63
1
2
“
1 F o r d e fin itio n of m eth o d o f w age p a y m e n t, s e e ap p en d ix A.
2 I n c lu d e s data for r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se sh o w n s e p a r a t e ly .
3 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t.
NOTE:
B e c a u s e of rounding, su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n ot eq u al t o t a l s .
T a b le 31. M e n ’s hosiery mills: S c h e d u le d w e e k ly hours
( P e r c e n t o f p ro d u ctio n and o ffic e w o r k e r s b y s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s , U n i t e d S t a te s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S t a te s , and a r e a s ,
S e p te m b e r 1970)
R e g io n s
W eek ly h o u rs 1
U n ited
S tate s 2
M id d le
A tla n tic
S ta te s
S o u th e a st
N o rth
C a ro lin a
A reas
W in sto n H ic k o r y S a le m T e n n e s s e e S ta te s v i l l e ,
H
igh P o in t,
N . C.
N . C.
P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s
A ll w o r k e r s ----------------------------------------------
100
100
100
100
U n d e r 3 7 ^ h o u r s ------------------------------------------------37
h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------3 8 )i h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------4 0 h o u r s ---------------------------------------------------------------
2
3
90
5
26
74
_
94
6
92
8
A ll w o r k e r s ----------------------------------------------
100
100
100
U n d e r 3 7 ^ h o u r s ------------------------------------------------3 7 ) 2 h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------------4 0 h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------------4 8 h o u r s ---------------------------------------------------------------
1
3
2
93
17
_
83
2
_
3
95
_
100
_
100
_
100
_
100
-
100
-
86
14
100
100
100
100
2
_
4
94
_
_
100
10
_
_
90
_
6
94
O ff ic e w o r k e r s
1 D a ta r e la te to p r e d o m in a n t w o rk s c h e d u le o f fu ll- tim e d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s in e a c h e s ta b lis h m e n t .
2 I n c lu d e s d ata fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e ly .
NOTE:
B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i t e m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a l s .
Table 32. M en’s hosiery mills: Shift d ifferential provisions
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s by s h ift d iff e r e n tia l p r o v is io n s , 1 U n ite d S t a te s ,
S e p te m b e r 1970)
s e le c t e d r e g io n s ,
R e g io n s
U n ited
S ta te s 2
Shift d iff e r e n tia l
M id d le
A tla n tic
S t a te s ,
and a r e a s ,
S ta te s
S o u th e a st
N o rth
C a r o lin a
A reas
W in s to n H ic k o r y S a le m T e n n e s s e e S ta te s v i l l e ,
H igh P o in t,
N .C .
N .C .
S eco n d s h ift
W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s h a v in g s e c o n d s h ift p r o v is io n s
____ - ___
_ .
W ith s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l __ U n ifo r m c e n ts p e r h o u r -------------------------2 V2 c e n ts
_____
5 c e n ts - 8 c e n ts 10 c e n ts
. . . . .
_ ..
U n ifo r m p e r c e n ta g e 2 V2 p e r c e n t — --------------------------------------3 p e r c e n t ---------------------------------------------5 p e r c e n t — -------- ------ --------------------------O ther —
W ith no s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l -----------------------------
9 4 .6
2 2 .6
9. 2
1. 3
2. 3
1. 8
3 .9
9. 2
1 .4
1. 3
6. 5
4. 3
7 1 .9
93. 3
6 7 .7
1 4 .7
_
94. 3
10. 8
4. 3
1. 5
2 .8
-
-
1 4 .7
53. 0
1 .6
1 .6
4 .9
8 3 .6
9 3 .2
10. 4
2. 0
2 .0
_
2. 1
2. 1
6. 3
82. 8
69. 0
2 6 .6
6 .9
1. 3
1 .4
1 .8
.7
1 .7
10. 4
1. 4
3 .9
5. 1
9 .4
4 2 .4
71. 2
71. 2
18. 3
_
3 .5
_
14. 7
53. 0
70. 5
19. 0
2 .7
1. 5
1. 2
_
.
4 .9
1 .6
71. 3
1 3 .5
2 .0
2. 0
_
_
_
6. 3
2. 1
-
1 1 .5
41. 5
2 5 .6
1 0 0 .0
3 1 .4
3 1 .4
62. 7
1 3 .4
13. 4
_
13. 4
.
_
_
3 1 .4
-
68.6
90. 0
30. 9
7 .4
7 .4
9 2 .8
3 .7
-
-
23. 5
59. 1
-
3. 7
3 .7
-
89. 1
T h ir d o r o th e r la te s h ift
W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s h a v in g t h ir d - o r
o th e r l a t e - s h if t p r o v i s i o n s ----------------------------W ith s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l ----------------------------------U n ifo r m c e n ts p e r h o u r _________________
5 c e n ts - ----10 c e n ts . .
__
12 c e n ts
...
- —
15 c e n ts
. . .
_
- .
20 c e n t s . . . . .
- _
3
5
p ercen t . . .
- -----p e r c e n t --------------- --------------------------------- -------------10 p e r c e n t _ _
------O ther _____
—
—
W ith no s h ift d iffe r e n tia l ----------------- ------------------ —
-
27. 2
25. 8
-
"
.
9
2. 3
1 1 .4
5 1 .5
1
.
2
2 .9
5. 3
5 7 .7
-
49. 3
80. 3
42. 8
7 .4
7 .4
.
_
.
_
15. 6
-
4 .6
1 1 .0
1 9 .9
3 7 .5
63. 5
3 .7
.
.
.
_
.
3. 7
3. 7
-
59. 8
1 R e f e r s to p o lic ie s o f e s ta b lis h m e n t s e it h e r c u r r e n tly o p e r a tin g la te s h ift s o r h a v in g p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h if t s .
2 In c lu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
NO TE :
B e c a u s e of ro u n d in g ,
s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i t e m s m a y n ot eq u a l t o t a ls .
T a b le 33. M en’s hosiery mills: S h ift differential practices
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s on la te s h ift s b y a m o u n t o f s h ift d iff e r e n tia l, U n ited S t a te s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s . S ta te s and a r e a s ,
S e p te m b e r 1970)
R e g io n s
S h ift d iff e r e n tia l
U n ited
S t a te s 1
M id d le
A tla n tic
S ta te s
S o u th e a s t
N o rth
C a r o lin a
A reas
T en n essee
W in sto n H ic k o r y S a le m S ta te s v i l l e ,
H igh P o in t,
n . c.
n. a
S e c o n d s h ift
W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on s e c o n d s h ift — " ■R e c e iv in g s h ift d iff e r e n tia l — ------------- ■■■■ —
Zyz c e n t s ------------- — ---------------------------—
5 c e n ts — --------------------------- -------- ------- —
8 c e n t s -----------....................... ............. , — 10 c e n ts ---------- —-------■ ■■
■ -—
U n ifo r m p e r c e n ta g e ----------- — —
—
Zlh p e r c e n t --------- --------------------------------- —
3 percen t — ■
........... ....
5 p e r c e n t ------------------------------- — ........ ■■■- —
O t h e r ----------------------------------------------------------------R e c e iv in g n o s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l ------------------------------
16. 0
4. 0
1 .5
.2
.6
. 3
. 3
1 .8
. 2
.2
1. 5
.6
1 2 .0
15. 0
1. 5
.4
.4
_
-
1 5 .8
1 .9
1. 0
. 3
.8
_
.
. 2
. 2
1 .5
8. 7
-
-
1 6 .1
1 1 .4
1. 2
-
.
-
1. 2
10. 2
-
4. 7
-
. 3
. 3
.7
1 3 .9
.9
1 3 .5
8. 1
1 .4
.4
.2
8 .8
. 1
_
_
_
20. 3
8. 7
8. 7
-
8 .7
_
_
1 4 .3
4. 6
1 .3
1. 3
_
_
_
-
-
1 1 .6
3 .3
9 .7
14. 2
. 5
_
_
.
.
. 5
. 5
_
1 3 .8
T h ird o r o th e r la te s h ift
W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on th ir d o r o th e r la te
s h if t ---------------------------------------- ----------------- --------------R e c e iv in g s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l ---------- -------------- —
5 c e n ts --------------------------- --------------------------1 0 c e n t s ---------------- —--------— .....................—
2 0 c e n t s --------- ---------------------------------------- —
U n ifo r m p e r c e n ta g e —................... 3 p e r c e n t ---------------------------------------------------5 p e r c e n t — ----------------------------------— --------1 0 p e r c e n t — —------ ------------- ----------------- —
O th er — --------------------------------------- —— ------------R e c e iv in g n o s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l ------------------------
7 .9
2 .3
. 5
.2
. 1
. 2
1 .3
. 1
. 2
.9
. 5
5 .6
9 .6
9 .6
1 .7
_
1 .7
7 .8
-
.4
.2
1 .9
5 .9
. 2
-
.6
6 .8
1 I n c lu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
NOTE:
B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s .
1 .0
.3
. 3
.5
. 2
. 3
. 2
7 .8
8 .5
1 .6
1. 6
_
1.
_
.
_
6
6 .9
7. 5
2 .9
1. 2
1. 2
_
_
1 .1
_
1. 1
.7
4 .6
8 .9
.4
_
_
_
_
.4
.4
.
_
8 .5
a b le 3 4 . M e n 's h osiery m ills: P a id holidays
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o f fic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w h ic h h a v e fo r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r p a id h o lid a y s , U n ited S t a te s , s e le c t e d
r e g io n s , S ta te s , and a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
S ta te s
R e g io n s
N u m b er o f p a id h o lid a y s
U n ited
S ta te s 1
M id d le
A tla n tic
S o u th e a s t
N o r th
C a r o lin a
A reas
W in s to n H ic k o r y S a le m T e n n e s s e e S ta te s v il le ,
H igh P o in t,
N . C.
N .C .
P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s
A ll w o r k e r s ---------------------------------- — -------W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g
p a id h o lid a y s
—
— ---- — ---------— ---- --------1 d a y -------------------------------------------------------------2 d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------3 d a y s -----------------------------------------—........—
4 days —
.............. — .................—- -- ----------5 d a y s -----— -------------- - -------------------—-------6 d a y s ---------------------------------- - -------------------7 d a y s ........... ....—------------------ --------------------------8 d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------8 d a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ---------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g
no p a id h o l i d a y s ----------------------------------------------
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
7
1
4
10
17
1
8
2
2
91
31
60
-
40
8
1
5
12
15
-
36
5
1
4
13
12
-
73
3
18
52
-
4
4
-
47
9
7
9
22
-
50
9
60
64
27
96
53
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
76
2
7
14
6
67
3
10
21
8
71
1
13
25
6
13
5
3
3
96
31
41
25
-
3
1
-
-
69
1
*24
44
-
75
4
45
10
3
13
-
75
36
30
6
3
-
24
4
29
31
25
25
O ffic e w o r k e rs
A ll w o r k e r s — ---------- --------------------------- -■
W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g
1 d a y ------------------------------------------------------------2 d a y s ..................... ............- — ...... ............. ........
3 d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------4 d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------5 d a y s ■■ - ....... —-------- —---- --------------------------6 d a y s —...... —--■■■--------------- . -------- ■— -------- —
7 d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------7 d a y s p lu s 2 h a lf d a y s -------------------------- — 8 d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------8 d a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ------- —
------- ----------W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g
no p a id h o lid a y s
.......——-------------------— -------
22
2
22
33
1 In c lu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e ly .
N O TE:
B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g, s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n o t e q u a l to ta ls ,
22
3
2
T a b le 35. M en ’s hosiery mills: Paid vacations
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o ffic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w h ic h h a v e f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s , fo r p a id v a c a tio n s a f te r s e le c t e d p e r io d s o f
s e r v i c e , U n ited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s . S t a t e s , and a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
U n ited
S ta te s 1
M id d le
A tla n tic
A reas
S ta te s
R e g io n s
V a c a tio n p o lic y
S o u th e a s t
N orth
C a r o lin a
H ic k o r y —
T e n n e s s e e S t a t e s v i ll e ,
N. C.
W in sto n S a le m H igh P o in t,
N. C.
P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s
A ll w o rk ers
---------------------------------------------
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
77
12
65
97
23
74
72
10
62
68
3
65
78
18
60
47
12
35
93
93
23
3
28
32
22
53
7
4
64
4
5
64
33
-
4
62
6
3
58
7
78
3
37
7
4
80
9
3
61
5
7
.
64
26
7
4
62
3
58
78
-
-
6
7
-
3
37
7
4
80
-
3
58
5
10
48
26
23
4
62
•
6
3
58
.
7
78
-
4
80
-
3
37
7
3
19
( 3)
51
3
24
47
26
4
19
•
48
-
3
19
46
-
78
-
3
26
18
-
4
21
~
69
-
3
17
50
6
6
65
26
4
19
48
.
3
19
46
-
78
.
3
26
18
-
4
21
69
-
3
17
44
4
9
6
47
26
18
4
19
45
3
19
46
3
26
18
3
-
40
38
-
-
4
21
69
-
2
18
44
1
9
3
6
47
2
21
45
3
-
1
21
46
-
40
38
-
3
26
18
-
24
69
-
2
17
1
44
1
7
5
>
6
2
19
2
45
•
3
~
1
19
2
46
•
.
.
40
3
26
»
18
21
4
69
38
”
-
“
M ethod of p a y m en t
W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g paid
v a c a t i o n ------------ — -----------------------------------------—
L e n g th -o f-tim e p a y m e n t -------------------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no pa id
v a c a tio n s ---------------------------------------------------------A m o u n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 2
A f t e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e :
U n d e r 1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s --------------------------2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------A f t e r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
U n d e r 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s --------------------------2 w e e k s ------------------------ --------------------------------A f t e r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
U n d er 1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------O v er 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s --------------------------2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
U n d er 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------1 w e e k --------------------- —----------—-----------------------O v er 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s --------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------- -----------O v er 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s --------------------------A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
U n d e r 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s — ----------------- -----------------------------------O v er 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s — ----------------------A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
U n d e r 1 w e e k --------------------------------------------- —
1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s --— —-------------------------------- —-----------—
O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s --------------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
U n d er 1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------1 w e e k ---------------------------------------—-----------------2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s --------------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and u n d er 4 w e e k s --------------------------A f t e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 4
U n d e r 1 w e e k --------------------- -------------------------1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------O v er 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s --------------------------2 w e e k s —— — ----------------------------------------------O v er 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s --------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------- ------------------4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------S e e f o o tn o te s a t end o f ta b le .
18
26
47
M
18
26
-
-
"
-
9
-
9
Table 35. M en’s hosiery mills: Paid vacations—C ontinued
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o f fic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w h ic h h a v e f o r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r p a id v a c a tio n s a fte r s e le c t e d p e r io d s of
s e r v i c e , U n ited S t a te s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S t a t e s , and a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
R e g io n s
U n ited
S ta te s 1
V a c a tio n p o lic y
M id d le
A tla n tic
S ta te s
S o u th e a s t
N o r th
C a r o lin a
A reas
W in ston H ic k o r y S a le m —
T e n n e s s e e S ta te s v i l l e ,
H igh P o in t,
N. C.
N . C.
O ffic e w o r k e r s
A ll w o r k e r s
------------------------------------------------
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
96
87
9
97
97
95
82
13
94
80
14
99
99
_
100
97
3
100
78
22
4
3
5
6
1
-
-
( 3)
56
39
( 3)
•
76
21
1
48
45
1
1
43
50
1
_
55
44
_
3
45
48
3
.
43
57
( 3)
49
46
( 3)
_
66
31
1
48
46
1
1
42
50
1
•
55
44
3
42
52
3
.
43
57
1
48
46
1
1
42
50
1
1
27
63
4
1
27
62
5
1
27
63
1
27
62
4
5
1
27
54
1
27
54
13
1
27
54
13
1
27
54
13
“
M ethod o f p a y m en t
W o rk ers in e s ta b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id
v a c a t i o n -----------—------------------------------------------------L e n g th -o f-tim e p a y m e n t ----------------------------------P e r c e n ta g e p a y m e n t ---------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p aid
v a c a tio n s -----------------------------------------------------------A m ount o f v a c a tio n p a y 2
A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e :
U n der 1 w e e k -------------------------------------------------1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
U n der 1 w e e k -------------------------------------------------1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
U n der 1 w e e k -------------------------------------------------1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
U n der 1 w e e k -------------------------------------------------1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------- —-----------A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
U n der 1 w e e k -------------------------------------------------1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------O v er 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ----------------------------3 w e e k s ------------ —--------------------------------------------A fte r 15 y e a r s of s e r v ic e :
U n der 1 w e e k -------------------------------------------------1 w e e k -------------- .-----------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ---- —----------------------------------------------------O v er 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s -----------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
U n der 1 w e e k ------- —---------------------------------------1 w e e k ----------------—-------------------------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------A fte r 25 y e a r s of s e r v i c e : 4
U n der 1 w e e k —-----------------------------—---------------1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------
( 3)
40
55
( 3)
( 3)
19
74
3
( 3)
19
64
3
9
( 3)
19
54
3
19
.
18
79
-
1
96
_
.
1
44
17
35
-
1
44
17
35
.
( 3)
19
54
22
1
44
52
( 3)
19
54
15
6
1
44
35
17
_
-
55
44
.
3
42
52
3
.
43
57
„
.
3
28
66
3
24
69
7
3
28
66
24
69
3
7
23
54
3
28
66
24
57
13
23
3
19
1
27
54
13
_
23
54
23
3
28
66
3
24
57
19
1
27
54
13
*
23
54
23
“
3
28
66
3
"
24
57
19
•
23
76
_
.
23
76
-
_
.
_
-
_
.
.
1 In c lu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
2 V a c a tio n p a y m e n ts, su c h a s p e r c e n t o f annu al e a r n in g s and fla t-s u m a m o u n ts, w e r e c o n v e r te d to an e q u iv a le n t tim e
b a s is . P e r io d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b it r a r ily c h o s e n and do n o t n e c e s s a r i ly r e f le c t the in d iv id u a l p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n . F o r
e x a m p le , c h a n g e s in p r o p o r tio n s in d ic a te d a t 10 y e a r s m a y in c lu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s .
3 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t.
4 V a c a tio n p r o v is io n s w e r e the s a m e a f te r lo n g e r p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e .
NOTE:
B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g,
s u m s o f in d iv id u a ls it e m s m a y n o t eq u a l t o ta ls .
T a b le 3 6 . M e n ’s h osiery m ills: H e a lth , in su ran ce, and re tire m e n t plans
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o f fic e w o r k e r s
a n d a r e a s , S e p te m b e r 1970}
in m il ls w h ich h a v e s p e c if ie d h e a lth , i n s u r a n c e , and r e tirem en t p la n s , U n ite d S t a te s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , S t a te s ,
T ype of p la n 1
M id d le
A tla n tic
A reas
S ta te s
R e g io n s
U n ited
S ta te s 2
S o u th e a st
N o r th
C a r o lin a
T en n essee
H ic k o r y S t a t e s v i ll e ,
N . C.
W in s to n S a le m H igh P o in t,
N . C.
P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
47
52
34
43
39
30
66
47
62
47
60
60
56
83
49
52
33
40
35
25
87
48
57
33
39
35
27
97
84
59
45
70
70
56
86
46
81
42
11
• 11
84
45
40
21
40
34
24
44
44
44
5
85
34
81
33
60
22
48
19
23
23
16
4
87
38
84
38
59
24
48
21
21
21
16
97
47
89
38
70
38
38
38
56
56
38
_
63
10
63
10
49
44
46
4
6
6
6
3
4
7
3
14
7
95
45
89
45
53
23
54
31
34
34
25
_
5
W o r k e r s in e s ta b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id in g :
S i c k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s ic k le a v e o r b o th 3 - —
R e t ir e m e n t p la n s 4
.........— ■
11 ■
--------------
5
87
38
84
36
63
25
42
17
28
26
18
2
• 7
97
62
97
50
63
35
_
_
_
O ff ic e w o r k e r s
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
85
55
59
40
60
39
31
28
5
91
48
90
46
58
27
45
26
31
28
18
3
4
66
31
56
31
90
65
55
52
90
53
62
38
50
26
16
31
99
77
76
55
68
46
46
21
97
73
84
60
29
3
3
26
35
35
35
88
54
60
40
51
28
19
26
2
87
38
86
37
55
21
48
27
26
26
12
89
45
89
45
53
24
52
31
23
23
12
99
31
90
23
68
23
23
23
46
46
23
62
26
62
26
37
6
43
16
3
3
3
86
45
52
26
51
27
10
35
_
97
50
97
50
50
24
52
32
37
37
19
3
4
2
1
3
3
W o r k e r s in e s ta b l i s h m e n t s p ro v id in g :
S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s ic k le a v e o r b o th 3 —
97
76
97
66
43
28
1 I n c lu d e s o n ly t h o s e p la n s fo r w h ic h a t l e a s t p a r t o f th e c o s t i s b o r n e b y th e e m p lo y e r and e x c lu d e s l e g a l l y r e q u ir e d p la n s su c h a s w o r k m e n ' s
c o m p e n s a t io n and s o c i a l s e c u r it y ; h o w e v e r , p la n s r e q u ir e d by S ta te t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s a r e in c lu d e d i f th e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t e s m o r e than i s
l e g a l l y r e q u ir e d o r th e e m p lo y e e r e c e i v e s b e n e f it s in e x c e s s o f th e r e q u ir e m e n ts .
" N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p la n s" in c lu d e o n ly t h o s e p la n s fin a n c e d e n t ir e ly
b y th e e m p lo y e r .
2 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e ly .
3 U n d u p lic a te d t o ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e and s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
4 U n d u p lic a te d t o ta l o f w o r k e r s in p la n ts h a v in g p r o v is io n s f o r p e n s io n and s e v e r a n c e p a y p la n s sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
NOTE:
B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s .
Table 37* Men’s hosiery mills: Other selected benefits
(P ercen t of production and o fficew o rk ers in m ills w ith p ro v isio n s for funeral lea v e pay, jury duty pay, and tech n o lo g ica l
severan ce pay, United S tates, s e le c te d re g io n s, S ta tes, and a r e a s , Septem ber 1970)
United
S tates 1
Middle
A tlantic
A rea s
States
R egions
Item
Southeast
North
C arolina
H ick o ry - W instonS a le m T en n esse e State s v ille , High P oint,
N .C .
N .C .
Production w o rk ers
W orkers in estab lish m en ts w ith p ro v isio n s fo s:
13
22
T echn ological severan ce pay 2 ........................—
4
60
34
4
2
18
4
2
14
5
8
65
“
_
• "
24
9
14
15
34
24
O fficew ork ers
W orkers in estab lish m en ts w ith p ro v isio n s for:
T echnological severan ce pay 2 ---------------------
35
30
9
80
48
10
13
25
11
15
21
8
55
15
’
1
2
Includes data for region s in addition to th o se shown sep a ra tely .
Pay to em p lo y ees perm anently sep arated from the com pany a s a r e su lt of tech n o lo g ica l change or plant clo sin g .
P a rt III. C h ild re n ’s H o s ie ry M ills
Establishment practices and supplementary
Average hourly earnings
wage provisions
Straight-time earnings of production workers in child
ren’s hosiery mills averaged $2.01 an hour in September
1970— 21 percent more than the 1967 survey.14 (See
table 38.) Women, three-fourths of the 11,251 produc
tion workers, averaged $1.93 an hour in September 1970;
men averaged $2.25.
All of the production workers in this branch of the
industry were in the Southeast region, primarily North
Carolina. The 7,139 workers in North Carolina averaged
$2.05, compared with $1.94 for the 2,243 workers in
Tennessee, the next largest State in employment. The
average in Winston-Salem—High Point (the only area
studied separately for this industry branch) was $2.01.
(See tables 4 4-46.)
Production workers in nonmetropolitan areas, ac
counting for almost four-fifths of the workers, averaged
$2.02 an hour— 6 cents more than those in metropolitan
areas.
Earnings in mills employing 250 workers or more
averaged $2.05 an hour, compared with $2.03 in mills
employing 100 to 249 workers and $1.96 in mills em
ploying 20 to 99 workers.
All but 4 percent of the production workers earned
between $1.60 (the Federal minimum wage in manu
facturing) and $3 an hour. Earnings of slightly more than
one-fifth of the workers were clustered at $1.60 to
$1.65 an hour; and nearly three-fifths earned less than
$2 an hour.
Information also was obtained for production work
ers on shift differential provisions and practices and for
both production and office employees on work schedules
and on selected supplementary benefits, including paid
holidays and vacations, life, hospitalization, surgical,
medical insurance, sickness and accident benefits, and
retirement plans.
Scheduled weekly hours and shift practices. Work sched
ules of 40 hours a week were in effect in establishments
employing about 95 percent of the production and
officeworkers. (See table 48.)
At the time of the survey, 13 percent of the workers
were employed on second shifts and 4 percent were on
third or other late shifts. Extra pay for late shift work
usually was not provided. (See table 50.)
Paid holidays. Paid holidays were provided by mills
employing almost three-tenths of the production workers
and one-half of the officeworkers in this branch of the
industry. (See table 51.) The most common provisions
were 3 or 4 paid holidays for production workers and
3 or 6 days for officeworkers.
Paid vacations. Paid vacations, after qualifying periods
of service, were provided in establishments employing
three-fifths of the production workers and three-fourths
of the officeworkers. (See table 52.) After 1 year of
service, one-half of the production workers were provided
at least 1 week’s vacation pay. After 5 years of service,
vacation benefits of 2 weeks’ pay were available to about
one-fourth of the workers. Among office employees,
the most common provisions were 1 week of vacation
pay after 1 year of service and 2 weeks after 5 years.
Occupational earnings
The occupations for which earnings data are presented
separately in table 40 accounted for about three-fifths
of the production workers in children’s hosiery mills.
Pay levels for these jobs ranged from $2.68 an hour for
knitting-machine adjusters and fixers (all men) to $1.72
for transfer knitters (all women). Averages for nearly all
of the remaining occupations studied separately, such as
preboarders, toe seamers, and transfer-machine operators,
were between $1.80 and $2.10 an hour.
Occupational averages in children’s mills also were
tabulated by size of community, size of establishment,
and method of wage payment. (See tables 41—43.)
Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Life, hospitali
zation, and surgical insurance were provided to over
three-fourths of the production workers. (See table 53.)
Basic medical insurance and accidental death and dis
memberment benefits were available to about two-thirds
14
50
O p. c it., BLS B ulletin 1 5 6 2 , P t. III.
Other selected benefits. Pay for leave taken while serving
of the production workers; major medical (catastrophe)
insurance to almost three-fifths; and sickness and acci
dent insurance to one-fifth.
Most of the above benefits applied to similar pro
portions of the officeworkers. Employers typically paid
part of the cost of these health insurance plans for both
employee groups; in some instances, however, the cost
was financed wholly by the employer.
Retirement pensions, in addition to Federal social se
curity, were rare for either group of workers, and retire
ment severance pay was not reported by any mill studied.
on a jury was provided by establishments employing
about 10 percent of the production and officeworkers.
About 5 percent of the officeworkers but none of the
production workers were in establishments providing
pay for funeral leave. Mills having provisions for tech
nological severance pay (payments to workers perman
ently separated from employment as a result of tech
nological change or plant closing) employed less than
5 percent of the production and officeworkers. (See
table 54.)
51
T a b le 3 8 . C h ild re n 's h osiery m ills: A v e ra g e
hourly earn in g s by s e le c te d c h a ra c te ris tic s
(N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c tio n
w o r k e r s by s e le c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , U n ite d S t a t e s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
United S tates 2
Item
Num ber
of
w o rk ers
A il production w o rk ers ______ ___
M en_____ . __________________ „
Women __________ __ _______
11,251
2 ,7 1 2
8 ,5 3 9
$ 2 .0 1
2 .2 5
1 .9 3
S ize of com m unity:
M etropolitan a r e a s 3 ___________
N onm etropolitan a r e a s . . . . . ____
2 ,4 0 2
8 ,8 4 9
2. 02
S ize of estab lish m en t:
20-99 w o r k e r s_________________
100-249 w o rk ers
____
. .
250 w ork ers or m o re ___ _____
4 ,2 5 0
3 ,2 6 5
3 ,7 3 6
1 .9 6
2 .0 3
2 .0 5
A verage
hourly
earnings
1 .9 6
1
E xcludes prem ium pay for o v er tim e and for work on w eek en d s,
h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts.
* A ll w o rk ers w ere in the S outheast reg io n .
3
Standard M etropolitan S ta tistic a l A rea s a s defined by the U .S .
Office of Management and Budget through January 1968.
T a b le 3 9 . C h ild re n 's hosiery mills: E a rn in g s d istrib u tio n s
(P e rcen t d istrib u tion of production w ork ers by average stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s ,1 U nited S ta tes, Septem ber 1970)
United S tates 2
A v era g e h ourly ea rnings 1
U n d er
$ 1 .6 0
$ 1. 65
$ 1. 70
$ 1 .8 0 _______________ __ ____
and under $ 1. 6 5 _________ ____ ___
and under $ 1. 7 0 _________________
an d u n d e r $ 1. 75 _________ _ _ __
$ 1. 75
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1. 90
$ 1. 95
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 2 .0 0
$ 2 .1 0
$ 7 . 20
$ 2 . 30
$ 2 . 40
and
and
an d
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
A ll
w o rk ers
United S tates 2
A verage h ourly ea rnings 1
Men
Women
0 .4
2 2 .6
4 .7
5. 8
<*>
1 1 .8
2 .7
5. 5
0. 5
2 6 .0
5. 3
6 .0
$ 2 . 50
$ 2 .6 0
$ 2 .7 0
$ 2 .8 0
$ 2 . 90
and
and
and
and
an d
under
under
under
under
under
$ 2 . 6 0 ________ _______
$ 2. 70 ____ ____
$ 2 .8 0 _________ ___
$ 2 . 9 0 ________________
$ 3 ,0 0
$ 1. 80 .......................
$ 1 .8 5 _________ ____ __
$ 1 . 9 0 ___________ ______
$ 1 .9 5
„ .
$ 2 . 0 0 _____________ ____
5 .6
5 .0
5 .2
5 .4
3 .9
3 .9
5 .5
4 .0
4. 5
2. 1
6. 1
4 .8
5 .6
5. 7
4 .4
$ 3 .0 0
$ 3 .1 0
$ 3. 20
$ 3. 30
$ 3 .4 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 3. 1 0 ________ _______
$ 3 . 2 0 ________________
$ 3. 30 ________________
$ 3 . 4 0 ____ _____ ____
$ 3. 5 0 _____ ____ ____
$ 2 . 10 ____ _____________
$ 2 . 20 _____ ___________
$ 2 . 50
$ 2 . 4 0 ______________ __
$ 2 . 50
____ ____
8 .1
7 .0
5 .6
4 .2
2 .8
7 .3
4 .5
5 .8
4 .5
4 .5
8 .3
T otal
................
7 .8
5 .6 N u m b er o f w o rk e r ■ n _ _
4. 1
2 .3 A verage h ourly earn in gs 1 ___________ _
$ 3 .5 0 and o v er
1 E xclu d es prem ium pay for overtim e and for
2 A ll w o rk ers w ere in the Southeast region .
3 L e e s than 0 .0 5 p ercen t.
____ . . . . ___ ______ r-
work on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts.
NOTE: B ec a u se o f rounding, sum s o f individual ite m s m ay not equal 100.
A ll
w ork ers
3. 4
1 .9
1 .9
1 .4
l. 3
1 .4
.9
.6
.2
. 1
.6
Men
Women
6 .4
3 .4
4 .8
3 .4
3. 7
2. 4
1 .5
1 .0
,7
.5
4 .4
3 .0
1 .9
.8
. 3
1 .8
.5
.3
. 1
. 1
( S)
.2
1 0 0 .0
100 .0
100.0
11,251
2 .7 1 2
8 ,5 3 9
$ 2 .0 1
$ 2 .2 5
$ 1 .9 3
T a b le 4 0 . C h ild r e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills :
O c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s —all m ills
(N um ber and a v e r a g e s tr a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s ,
S ta te s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
U n ited
U n ite d S t a t e s 2
O ccu p a tio n and s e x
N u m b er
of
w orkers
M ean
951
837
784
92
692
53
18
35
419
240
$ 2. 68
2 .6 4
2. 07
1 .9 0
2. 09
1. 87
1. 74
1. 93
2. 09
1. 72
$ 2. 65
2. 60
2. 05
1 .8 1
2. 08
1. 88
1. 70
1. 97
2. 08
1. 67
$ 2. 3 5 -$
2 .3 0 1 .7 8 1 .7 2 1 .8 1 1 .7 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 2 1 .8 7 1 .6 0 -
3. 00
2 .9 0
2. 30
1 .9 9
2 .3 0
2 .0 4
1 .7 0
2 .0 6
2 .2 7
1 .8 1
738
98
640
388
56
332
93
18
75
1. 93
1. 89
1. 94
1. 87
1 .9 7
1 .8 5
2 .0 8
2. 16
2. 06
1. 85
1. 88
1 .8 4
1. 73
1 .7 7
1. 73
2. 10
2. 20
2. 02
1. 6 0 1 .6 0 1 .6 0 1 .6 0 1 .6 0 1 .6 0 1 .6 6 2. 14—
1 .6 0 -
2. 13
2 .0 8
2. 14
1 .9 6
2 .2 7
1 .9 3
2 .3 1
2. 39
2. 29
145
53
1. 79
1 .8 7
1 .6 6
1 .8 5
1 .6 0 1 .6 0 -
1 .9 5
2. 11
40 2
195
539
60
25
44
588
1, 132
135
1. 89
1. 86
1. 96
1. 96
1. 80
1. 90
1. 94
2. 01
1 .8 7
1 .8 5
1. 80
1 .8 6
1. 87
1. 78
1 .7 8
1 .8 6
1. 91
1. 84
1 .6 2 1 .6 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 1 1 .6 5 1 .6 0 1. 6 0 1 .7 0 1 .6 0 -
2 .0 4
2 .0 5
2. 19
2. 13
1 .9 0
1 .8 3
2. 14
2 .2 4
2 .0 0
H ou rly e a r n in g s 12
3
M e d ia n 3
M id d le r a n g e 3
P la n t o c c u p a tio n s
K nitting:
A d ju s te r s and f ix e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s
(a ll m e n )4 ------------------------- -----------------------S e a m le s s h o s ie r y , h a l f - h o s e ----------------K n itte r s , a u to m a tic _
— _ ______ — -----M e n ________ _____ ____ ________________
W om en
_______ _
_________
K n itte r s , r i b --------------- ------ ------- --- _
M e n __________________ _ ______________ __
W n m <=m
.
.
.
.
.
K n itte r s , s tr in g (407 w o m e n , 12 m e n )------K n itte r s , t r a n s f e r (a ll w o m e n ) ------------------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic -----------------------------------M e n __________ ____ ________________________
W o m e n ___ ____
____ _____ — ____ __
B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u t o m a t i c __________
M e n ___ ________ ____________ ______________
__ ______ _
W o m e n __ _______________
P r e b o a r d e r s ________ _______________ _____
M e n ------------------------ -------------------------W o m e n -----------------------------------------------------M is c e lla n e o u s :
B a g g e r s (a ll w o m e n ) -----------------------------------B o x e r s (a ll w o m e n ) -------------------------------------E x a m in e r s , g r e y (h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s )
(a ll w om en) _ _ _ _ _
_ — ------------ ------F o ld e r s (a ll w o m en ) ---------------------------------F o ld e r s and b o x e r s ( a ll w o m e n ) _________
L o o p e r s , to e ( a ll w o m en ) _________________
M e n d e r s, hand, f in is h ( a ll w o m e n ) ----------M e n d e r s, hand, g r e y (a ll w o m e n ) ________
P a i r e r s (a ll w o m e n ) --------------------------- —
S e a m e r s , to e ( a ll w o m e n ) -------------------------T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e o p e r a to r s (a ll w o m e n ) .
1
2
3
4
E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a t e s h if t s .
A ll w o r k e r s w e r e in th e S o u th e a s t r e g i o n .
S ee a p p e n d ix A f o r m e th o d u s e d in c o m p u tin g m e a n s , m e d i a n s , a n d m id d le r a n g e s of e a r n i n g s .
I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
NO TE :
D a s h e s in d ic a te no d ata r e p o r te d o r data th at do n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a .
T a b le 41. C h ild re n ’s h o s ie ry m ills: O ccu p atio n al
a v e ra g e s —by s iz e o f co m m u n ity
T a b le 4 2 . C h ild re n ’s h osiery m ills: O c c u p a tio n a l a v e ra g e s —by size
o f e s ta b lis h m e n t
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d
o c c u p a t io n s by s i z e o f c o m m u n ity , U n ite d S t a t e s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s tr a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s by s iz e
o f e s t a b lis h m e n t , U n ite d S t a t e s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
U n ite d S ta te s 2
O cc u p a tio n and s e x
M e tr o p o lita n
areas
N um ber
A verage
h o u r ly
of
w orkers
e a r n in g s
U n ite d S t a te s 2
N o n m e tr o p o lita n
areas
N u m b er
A verage
of
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s
w orkers
E s t a b lis h m e n ts h a v in g —
O cc u p a tio n and s e x
M en
K n ittin g :
A d j u s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g
m a c h in e s 3 _____________________
S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a lf
h o s e ............................ . _ .. __
K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic .
__
B o a r d e r s , o th e r th a n
a u to m a tic
.......
. ...
1
and la te
2
3
a r a t e ly .
$ 2 . 78
790
$ 2 .6 6
111
22
2. 68
2 . 06
726
70
2. 63
1 .8 6
-
-
87
1 .8 8
48
2 .0 5
174
_
_
180
2 .0 6
_
518
351
198
2. 11
2. 11
1 .7 3
1 .9 2
460
1 .9 4
_
88
1. 72
244
1 .9 0
83
131
_
_
_
98
209
33
1 .7 7
1 .9 3
_
_
_
1 .9 9
1. 94
1 .8 0
319
408
51
22
26
490
923
102
1 .9 2
1 .9 7
1 .9 8
1 .8 0
2 .0 9
1 .9 3
2 .0 2
1 .8 9
K n ittin g :
A d ju s t e r s an d f i x e r s , k n ittin g
m a c h in e s 3-------- ---------------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a lfh o s e ________________________
K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic ____________
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic __________
K n ittin g :
K n itter s , a u t o m a t ic _____________
K n it t e r s , s tr in g ________________
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic ___________
B o a r d e r s , o th e r than
a u t o m a t i c ______________________
M is c e lla n e o u s :
E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y
in s p e c t o r s ) ____________________
F o l d e r s __________________________
F o ld e r s and b o x e r s _____________
M e n d e r s , h a n d , f i n i s h _________
M e n d e r s , h a n d , g r e y ___________
P a i r e r s _________________________
S e a m e r s , t o e ___________________
T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e
o p e r a to r s ______________________
250 w o r k e r s o r m o r e
A verage
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s
N u m b er
of
w orkers
$ 2 . 72
313
$ 2 . 67
346
$ 2. 65
235
60
2 . 64
1. 89
301
25
2. 67
1. 93
301
7
2. 60
1. 94
47
1 .9 7
25
1. 71
"
248
196
2. 11
2. 11
202
72
2. 06
2. 05
242
139
230
1 .9 7
158
1 .9 3
252
1 .9 1
179
1. 74
104
2. 03
49
1. 90
212
106
93
1. 87
1. 92
1. 91
1 .9 3
1. 72
1 .9 8
1. 64
1. 78
1. 90
1 .9 6
85
27
250
13
11
255
336
1. 88
1 .9 7
1 .9 6
1 .9 3
2. 38
2. 02
2. 00
1. 96
40
1 .9 4
26
196
517
1 .7 3
1 .8 6
2. 04
105
62
196
7
7
137
279
62
1. 77
33
-
-
1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te
2 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e in th e S o u th e a s t r e g io n .
3 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n s in ad d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
N O TE :
D a s h e s in d ic a t e n o d a ta r e p o r te d o r d ata that do not m e e t p u b lica tio n
292
1 0 0 -2 4 9 w o r k e r s
N u m b er
of
w orkers
A verage
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s
-
W om en
E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y fo r o v e r t im e an d fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s ,
s h if t s .
A l l w o r k e r s w e r e in th e S o u th e a s t r e g io n .
I n c lu d e s d ata fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p
N O TE :
c r it e r i a .
A verage
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s
M en
161
W om en
K n ittin g:
K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic
K n it t e r s , s tr in g
K n it t e r s , t r a n s f e r
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic
B o a r d e r s , o th e r th an
a u to m a tic _ ...
__
.
M is c e lla n e o u s :
E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y
in s p e c t o r s )
F o ld e r s and b o x e r s
L o o p e r s . to e
M e n d e r s , h an d , f in is h
M e n d e r s , h an d , g r e v
P a ir e r s
__
S e a m e r s , to e _
_ ......
T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ___
2 0 -9 9 w o r k e r s
N u m b er
of
w orkers
D a s h e s in d ic a te no d ata r e p o r te d o r data th at do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a .
2. 11
2. 09
s h ift s .
T a b le 4 3 . C h ild re n ’s h o s ie ry mills: O c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s —by m ethod o f w a g e p a y m e n t
(N u m b er and a v e r a g e s tr a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s b y m eth o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t,
U n ited S t a t e s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
U n ited S ta te s 2
I n c e n tiv e w o r k e r s
T im e w o r k e r s
O ccu p a tio n and s e x
N u m b er
of
w orkers
A verage
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s
N u m b er
of
w orkers
A verage
h o u r ly
e a r n in g s
M en
K nitting:
A d ju s te r s and f ix e r s , k n ittin g
m a c h in e s 3-------------------------------S e a m le s s h o s ie r y , h a lfh o s e ----------------------------------K n itte r s , a u to m a tic ---------------B o a r d in g and p reb o a rd in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic --------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r than
a u to m a tic -------------------------------
879
$ 2 . 64
-
-
765
-
2 .5 9
-
-
80
$ 1 .8 9
-
-
96
1 .8 9
-
-
56
1 .9 9
604
394
240
2. 11
2. 10
1. 72
W om en
K nitting:
K nitte r s , a u to m a tic ----------------K n it t e r s , s tr in g ----------------------K n itte r s , t r a n s f e r -----------------B o a r d in g and p r eb o a rd in g :
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic --------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r than
a u to m a tic ------------------------------P r e b o a r d e r s ----------------------------M is c e lla n e o u s :
E x a m in e r s , g r e y (h o s ie r y
i n s p e c t o r s ) ----------------—---------F o l d e r s ------------------------------------F o ld e r s and b o x e r s ----------------L o o p e r s , to e ----------------------------M e n d e r s, hand , fin is h -----------P a i r e r s ------------------------------------S e a m e r s , t o e -----------------------------
88
1 .9 8
-
-
-
-
-
-
635
1. 94
-
-
332
72
1 .8 5
2 .0 8
387
147
499
60
13
580
1, 132
1 .9 0
1 .8 9
1 .9 9
1 .9 6
1. 88
1 .9 4
2. 01
15
-
12
-
-
1. 70
-
1 .7 3
-
~
1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s .
2 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e in the S o u th e a st r e g io n s .
3 I n c lu d e s data for w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
NO TE:
D a s h e s in d ic a te no d ata r e p o r te d o r d a ta that do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a .
T a b le 4 4 . C h ild r e n ’s h o s ie ry m ills: O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s —N o rth C a ro lin a
( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a t i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1970)
N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of—
O cc u p a tio n and s e x
A ll p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s ______
M e n _________________________
W o m e n _____________________
of
h o u r ly
w o r k e r s earnin gs 1
7 , 139
1 ,7 8 6
5 , 353
$ 2. 05
2. 31
1. 96
$ 1.60 $ 1.65 $ 1.70 $ 1.75 $ 1.80 $ 1.85 $ 1.90 $ 1.95 $
un d er
$ 1.65 $ 1.70 $ 1.75 $ 1.80 $ 1.85 $ 1.90 $ 1.95 $
1 ,4 7 9
142
zl,3 3 7
300
42
258
350
64
286
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
332
66
266
$
2 .10
$
$ 2 .1 0 $
2 .20
$ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3.00 $ 3.10 $ 3.20 $ 3.30 $ 3 .40 $ 3.50 $ 3.60 $ 3.70
2 .0 0
2 .2 0
$ 2 .3 0 $ 2.4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .80 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3.00 $ 3.10 $ 3 .20
$ 3.40 $ 3 .50
-
2.0 0
and
over
331
91
240
357
78
279
422
79
343
275
37
238
624
148
476
541
84
457
451
354
91
263
226
95
131
280
136
144
177
78
99
137
81
56
99
55
44
83
51
32
121
6
21
20
1
1
38
27
20
39
32
7
7
87
34
16
15
329
1
1
1
-
11
8
8
_
_
8
8
_
_
20
37
32
62
59
42
40
58
56
70
45
41
45
41
23
23
28
28
61
51
35
25
27
_
19
13
1
18
21
8
8
6
68
1
6
8
8
_
_
8
-
20
15
9
19
13
15
3
1
1
8
19
19
3
3
35
25
1
37
33
_
1
20
44
40
_
51
41
2
2
57
55
>
25
25
_
39
37
9
3
6
_
61
58
_
8
37
32
3
17
11
3
55
52
30
30
41
41
42
42
29
29
51
51
66
-
-
-
12
1
1
-
-
38
31
1
-
-
"
1
-
"
30
8
1
_
2
122
78
58
S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
K n ittin g
A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g
m a c h i n e s 3 _________________
T i m e ____________________
S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a lf
h o s e _______________________
T i m e ____________________
K n it t e r s , a u t o m a t i c . . ..................
I n c e n tiv e
621
2
549
2
.
.
62
567
495
70
63
2.
2.
1.
1.
65
57
98
94
.
-
-
_
2
2
1
1
13
13
9
8
9
12
12
1 .5 3
24
1
3
3
3
2
4
.
2.
.
2.
.
_
5
5
13
13
1
9
21
8
10
6
16
16
8
10
21
6
4
4
13
13
8
1
10
10
34
34
21
11
17
19
22
17
13
36
31
16
2
14
14
11
5
5
1
1
2
-
2
3
16
2
11
1
68
8
_
20
8
70
68
1
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
_
_
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic ( a ll
i n c e n t iv e w o r k e r s )
82
4
3
16
16
24
24
12
24
24
7
7
22
1
S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
K n ittin g
K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic __________
I n c e n tiv e ________________
K n it t e r s , s t r i n g ----------------------I n c e n tiv e ________________
355
307
342
329
2
26
25
09
09
50
44
4 25
1. 93
143
168
42
1 .9 6
45
2. 07
10
2
12
12
22
_
_
11
11
2
2
10
10
6
7
7
"
1
1
3
3
1
1
7
15
8
1
2
2
_
_
_
_
_ _
_
2
8
_
.
-
6
8
~
1
■
■
"
“
-
"
~
“
6
-
1
1
6
6
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic 4 -----------B o a r d e r s , o th e r than
a u to m a tic ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w o r k e r s ) ____________________
P r e b o a r d e r s 4 ________________
S e e fo o tn o t e s a t en d o f ta b le .
4
5
4
2
5
1
-
-
T a b le . 44. C h ild ren 's hosiery mills: O ccupational e a rn in g s —N orth C aro lin a—C ontinued
(N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 of p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , S e p te m b e r 1970)
N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of—
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
N u m b er A v e ra g e
T U G $ 1.70 $ 1.75 $ 1 . 8 0 $ X 8 5 $ X 9 0
$
of
h o u r ly
and
w o r k e r s e a rn in g s 1
under
$ 1.65 $ 1.70 $ 1.75 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.85 $ 1.90 $ 1.95 $
95
$
2 .1 0
$
$
2 .2 0
$ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3.00 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .20 $ 3 .30 $ 3.40 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3.60 $ 3 .7 0
$ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $
2.2 0
2 .80
$ 2 .9 0 $ 3.00 $ 3.10 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3.30
$ 3 7 5 0 $ 3.60 $ 3.70
and
2 .0 0
$
2 .1 0
over
M i s c e ll a n e o u s
B a g g e r s ----------- ----------------------I n c e n t iv e -----------------------B o x e r s ________________________
I n c e n t iv e --------------------- E x a m in e r s , g re y (h o s ie ry
i n s p e c t o r s ) _________________
T im e
I n c e n t iv e ________________
F o l d e r s ______________________
I n c e n t iv e ________________
F o l d e r s a n d b o x e r s __________
I n c e n t iv e ________________
L o o p e r s , t o e ( a l l i n c e n t iv e
w o rk e rs) _
M e n d e r s , h a n d , f i n i s h _______
T i m e ___________________
M e n d e rs , h a n d , g re y (a ll
i n c e n t iv e w o r k e r s )
____
P a i r e r s ______________________
I n c e n t iv e ________________
S e a m e r s , t o e ( a l l i n c e n t iv e
w o r k e r s ) . __________________
S e w i n g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s
( p a n ty h o s e ) ( a l l i n c e n t iv e
w o r k e r s ) _____________________
T ra n sfe r-m a c h in e
o p e r a t o r s 4 _________________
78
42
37
31
$ 1. 75
1 .8 3
1 .9 7
1 .9 9
38
14
5
5
9
9
_
_
7
4
3
3
10
1
26 4
1 .9 4
1. 65
1 .9 5
1 .9 1
1 .9 1
1 .9 6
54
7
18
8
2
12
252
84
72
379
339
33
2 .0 0
46
29
26
115
75
2
2
10
10
10
17
18
4
4
9
6
5
5
_
_
_
_
_
16
9
53
18
3
3
28
28
10
17
_
_
16
16
1
1
16
7
7
16
11
22
11
22
17
17
3
4
_
6
6
18
377
369
2. 17
1 .9 5
1 .9 6
_
.
1
8
_
_
112
22
6
104
22
18
18
24
24
22
22
20
20
7 38
2 .0 0
140
51
45
51
21
45
27
2
3
1
_
8
8
1
1
1
15
13
21
3
3
_
_
5
_
1
1
5
_
_
4
4
_
_
_
1
1
3
3
_
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
4
_
_
4
_
_
_
1
3
1
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
2
1 .9 3
1 .8 2
1. 64
2
3
4
4
2
_
3
_
7
12
5
5
_
_
1
1
2
1
1
6
3
9
_
_
13
13
1
1
1
1
_
2
53
21
10
15
4
27
27
12
3
_
26
26
4
1
15
5
5
33
33
_
_
12
3
4
4
9
9
17
17
_
_
_
4
4
1
3
_
1
_
13
_
_
12
1
1
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
10
_
_
4
4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
10
1
1
2
10
1
_
20
21
21
17
17
22
22
4
4
4
4
_
_
1
6
5
5
1
20
39
39
6
10
1
1
3
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
22
63
73
50
56
14
23
24
17
9
5
1
_
_
1
_
_
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
34
1 .8 9
15
_
_
1
_
_
_
4
3
7
1
_
3
96
1 .9 0
24
6
5
4
5
2
9
15
6
6
6
5
-
25
2. 14
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
4
-
8
7
2
2
1
2
_
-
-
S e l e c t e d o f f ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m en
C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ______ _______
1 E x c lu d e s
p r e m iu m
pa y fo r
o v e r tim e
and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s .
A p p r o x im a te ly 65 p e r c e n t o f th e p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by th e stu dy w e r e p aid on an in c e n tiv e
b a s is.
2 I n c lu d e s 7 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1. 60 in o th e r than th e s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s show n .
3 I n c lu d e s d ata fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
4 I n s u f fic ie n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p u b lica tio n of s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s by m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n ts , p r e d o m in a n tly in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s .
T a b le 4 5 . C h ild re n 's h o s ie ry m ills: O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s —T e n n e s s e e
( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1970)
+
O cc u p a tio n an d s e x
A ll p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s M e n ------------------- -----—
W o m e n ----------------------
N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f—
N u m ber A v e r a g e
1 O 0 i‘ r z 5 $1770 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 H 7 9 0 1 1 7 9 5 $2700 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $3.2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $3.4 0
h o u r ly
of
and
and
w o r k e r s ea r n in g s
und er
$ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $3.3 0 $ 3 .4 0 o v e r
2, 243
43 0
1 ,8 1 3
$ 1 .9 4
2 . 21
1 .8 8
2
592
55
537
128
15
113
153
34
119
165
19
146
134
31
103
127
20
107
119
34
85
103
10
93
144
23
121
132
14
118
103
9
94
66
13
53
48
7
41
35
8
27
26
11
15
54
37
17
24
16
8
15
9
6
24
23
1
19
18
21
17
4
8
5
3
3
2
1
2
2
4
3
5
4
9
8
4
3
6
5
10
8
37
35
14
9
9
7
18
12
16
6
13
1
5
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
~
1
*
*
*
“
*
-
,
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
.
-
_
-
_
-
1
*
-
1
3
“
*
"
“
S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n o c c u p a t io n s —m e n
K n ittin g
A d j u s t e r s an d f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s
( a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) 3 --------------- —........ ..............
S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a l f - h o s e ----------------
153
103
. 80
2. 70
2
B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g
B o a r d e r s , o th e r th a n a u to m a tic
( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) --------------------------------
'
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1 .8 1
8
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184
169
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32
27
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18
18
17
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24
24
10
10
6
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126
1 .8 8
36
8
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8
4
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108
1. 77
51
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S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n o c c u p a t io n s —w o m e n
K n ittin g
K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic —
I n c e n tiv e ----------B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g
B o a r d e r s , a u t o m a t ic ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) B o a r d e r s , o th e r th a n a u to m a tic ( a l l in c e n tiv e
w o r k e r s ) ------------------------------------------------------------M is c e lla n e o u s
B a g g e r s 4 b / ----------------------------- — ----------- -------E x a m in e r s , g r e y ( h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s )
( a ll i n c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) -------------------------------F o ld e r s an d b o x e r s ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s )
M e n d e r s, h and , f in is h 4 a / ---------------------------P a i r e r s ( a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) --------------------S e a m e r s , to e ( a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) - ----------
2
.
00
-
1
S e le c t e d o f f ic e o c c u p a tio n s-* w o m e n
C le r k s , p a y r o ll T y p is t s , c l a s s B
1
2
3
4
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8
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E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s . A p p r o x im a te ly 70 p e r c e n t of th e p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by th e stu d y w e r e p a id on in c e n tiv e b a s is .
I n c lu d e s 16 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1 . 6 0 in o th e r than th e s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s show n .
I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
I n s u f fic ie n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p u b lic a tio n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m eth o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t; (a) p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s , o r (b) p r e d o m in a n tly in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s .
T a b le 4 6 . C h ild re n ’s h o s ie ry mills: O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s —W in s to n -S a le m —H ig h P o in t, N .C .
( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s , S e p t e m b e r 1970)
O cc u p a tio n and s e x
A ll p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s -------------------------------------M en
--------------------------------------------------------------W om en
---------------------------------------------------------
N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of—
N u m ber A v e r a g e
TO W TO W TO W T O W
TO W
J O W T O W T O W fTTTT i r a r T O W T O W $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 ■$z7nr T O W l o r T O W T O W T O W TO TU
h o u r ly
of
and
and
w o r k e r s e a r n in g ^
u nd er
$ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $1 .7 5 $1.80 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $2.6 0 $2.70 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $3.0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 o v e r
925
92
833
186
25
161
202
2. 57
2 .5 8
2 .4 9
2 .5 0
2 .0 5
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26
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2. 27
1 .9 2
518
308
267
257
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42
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168
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41
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16
15
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193
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131
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224
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S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n o c c u p a tio n s —m en
K n ittin g
A d ju s t e r s and f i x e r s , k n ittin g m a c h in e s 4 ------T im e
--------------------------------------------------S e a m le s s h o s i e r y , h a lf- h o s e
--------------------T im e
--------------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic -----------------------------------------I n c e n tiv e
-------------------------------------------
8
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B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w o rk ers)
--------------------------------------------------------S e le c t e d p r o d u c tio n o c c u p a tio n s —w o m en
K n ittin g
K n it t e r s , a u to m a tic -----------------------------------------I n c e n tiv e -------------------------------------------K n it t e r s , s tr in g
----------------------------------------------I n c e n tiv e ----------------------------------------------
222
2
12
12
19
19
32
29
22
20
22
20
33
33
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20
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B o a r d in g and p r e b o a r d in g
B o a r d e r s , a u to m a tic ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w o rk ers)
--------------------------------------------------------B o a r d e r s , o th e r than a u to m a tic
( a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) ----------------------------------
7
M is c e lla n e o u s
B a g g e r s ( a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) --------------------E x a m in e r s , g r e y
( h o s ie r y in s p e c t o r s ) 5 b / ---------------------------------F o l d e r s ( a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) ---------------------F o ld e r s and b o x e r s ------------------------------------------I n c e n tiv e ---------------------------------------------L o o p e r s , to e ( a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) ------------ M e n d e r s , h an d , f i n i s h 5 a _ / --------------------------------P a i r e r s ---------------------------------------------------------------Inc e n tiv e
--------------—--------- -— -------- S e a m e r s , to e ( a l l in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) -----------T r a n s f e r - m a c h in e o p e r a to r s ( a ll in c e n tiv e
w o r k e r s ) -----------------------------------------------------------
14
1 .8 8
2
-
4
-
-
-
1
5
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
151
28
232
1 .9 1
1 .8 3
1 .9 3
10
4
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12
11
1
16
7
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22
11
1
9
6
3
1
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19
19
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2
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16
16
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17
17
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7
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11
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1
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1
4
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192
16
5
4
4
4
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-
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6
12
1
2
1
2
-
-
1
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1
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217
209
461
1 .9 6
33
16
78
38
5
83
75
98
47
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14
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o
2
6
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41
3
3
26
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37
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47
6
3
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7
4
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11
11
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11
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1
S e le c t e d o f f ic e o c c u p a tio n s —w o m e n
1
2
.
12
4
1
T h e W in s to n -S a le m —H igh P o in t a r e a c o n s is t s o f A la m a n c e , D a v id s o n , F o r s y th , G u ilfo r d , R a n d o lp h , and S u r r y C o u n tie s .
E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s .
A p p r o x im a te ly 65 p e r c e n t o f the p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the stu d y w e r e p aid on an in c e n tiv e
b a s is.
3 I n c lu d e s 4 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1 . 6 0 in o th e r than s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s sh o w n .
4 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a te ly .
5 I n s u f fic ie n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p u b lic a tio n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m eth o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t; (a) p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s , o r (b) p r e d o m in a n tly in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s .
T a b le 47. Children’s hosiery mills: M ethod of w age
paym ent
( P e r c e n t o f p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s by m eth o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t,
s e le c t e d S ta te s , and a r e a , S e p te m b e r 1970)
U n ite d S t a te s ,
A rea
S ta te s
U n ited
S ta te s 2
M ethod of w a g e p a y m e n t 1
N o rth
C a r o lin a
W in sto n S a le m T en n essee
H ig h P o in t,
N. C.
-------
100
100
100
100
T im e - r a te d w o r k e r s — _ — -----F o r m a l p la n s -----------------------------S in g le r a te
- — R an ge of r a t e s ---------- —-------In d iv id u a l r a te s — ----- _
33
4
2
2
30
34
3
3
31
29
9
9
21
35
5
5
29
In c e n tiv e w o r k e r s
— ---------------In d iv id u a l p i e c e w o r k ------------------G roup p i e c e w o r k ------------------------In d iv id u a l b o n u s ----------------— ------
67
66
-
66
65
1
71
71
65
65
(3 )
A ll w o r k e r s ---------
—
1
-
“
1 F o r d e fin itio n o f m eth o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t, s e e a p p en d ix A.
2 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e in the S o u th e a s t r e g io n .
3 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t.
NO TE : B e c a u s e of r o u n d in g , s u m s of in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n ot eq u a l t o ta ls .
T a b le 48. Children’s hosiery mills: S chedule w eekly hours
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o ffic e w o r k e r s by sc h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s , 1 U n ited S t a te s ,
and a r e a , S e p te m b e r 1970)
S ta te s
W eek ly h o u r s 1
U n ited
S ta te s 2
N o rth
C a r o lin a
s e le c t e d S t a te s ,
A rea
W in sto n S a le m T en n essee
H ig h P o in t,
N . C.
S ta te s
U n ited
S ta te s 2
P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s
A ll w o r k e r s
U n d e r 40 h o u r s :
30 h o u r s ______ i__________- t.
3 7 V2 h o u r s — __ _____
4 0 h o u r s —,
-----48 h o u r s
-
N o r th
C a r o lin a
O ff ic e w o r k e r s
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
_
96
4
-
.
.
.
1
3
95
"
2
_
98
-
100
94
6
100
"
90
10
1 D a ta r e la t e to p r e d o m in a n t w o rk sc h e d u le o f f u ll - t i m e d a y - s h if t w o r k e r s in e a c h e s ta b lis h m e n t .
2 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e in the S o u th e a st r e g io n .
NO TE:
A rea
W in sto n S a le m T en n essee
H igh P o in t,
N .C .
B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n ot e q u a l 100.
100
_
100
-
T a b le 4 9 . C h ild ren ’s hosiery mills: S h ift differential
p rovisions
T a b le 50. C h ild re n ’s hosiery mills: S h ift differential
practices
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s by s h if t d i f f e r e n t ia l p r o v is i o n s ,
U n ite d S t a t e s , s e l e c t e d S t a te s , a n d a r e a ,
S e p t e m b e r 1970)
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s on l a t e s h if t s by a m o u n t of s h if t
d i f f e r e n t i a l , U n ite d S t a t e s , s e l e c t e d S t a te s , a n d a r e a ,
S e p t e m b e r 1970)
1
S t a te s
S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l
U n ite d
S t a te s 2
N o r th
C a r o li n a
A rea
W in s to n S a le m T en n essee
H ig h P o in t,
N. C.
S t a te s
S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l
S e c o n d s h if t
W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g
s e c o n d - s h i f t p r o v i s i o n s ---------------W ith s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l ---------------U n if o r m c e n ts p e r h o u r -------5 c e n ts --------------------------------U n if o r m p e r c e n t a g e --------------3 p e r c e n t ---------------------------5 p e r c e n t ---------------------------1 0 p e r c e n t -------------------------O t h e r --------------------------------------W ith n o s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l -----------
N o r th
C a r o li n a
A re a
T en n essee
W in s to n S a le m H ig h P o in t,
N. C .
S e c o n d s h if t
.0
20. 9
2 .9
2 .9
13. 6
1 .9
8 . 7
3. 0
4. 4
7 1. 1
92
89. 2
15. 9
2. 2
2. 2
1 3 .8
-
13.
8
.0
9. 7
100
.0
24. 3
8 9
-
9. 7
9 .7
-
-
24. 3
-
24. 3
-
-
-
-
73. 3
90. 3
64. 7
W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d o n s e c o n d s h if t
R e c e iv in g s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l --------U n if o rm c e n ts p e r h o u r -------5 c e n t s -------------------------------U n if o rm p e r c e n t a g e --------------3 p e r c e n t ---------------------------5 p e r c e n t ---------------------------1 0 p e r c e n t -------------------------O t h e r --------------------------------------R e c e iv in g no s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l —
12. 7
3. 1
.7
.7
1 .3
.3
.8
.2
l.'O
9 .6
11.2
.0
.7
.7
1 .3
2
-
14. 4
1 .4
1 .4
1 .4
1 .3
2
_
2. 3
-
-
2. 3
13. 1
7. 0
.0
1 .9
-
5. 6
1 .4
-
-
9.
9. 3
2. 3
-
-
-
T h i r d o r o t h e r l a t e s h if t
T h i r d o r o t h e r l a t e s h if t
W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g
t h i r d o r o t h e r l a t e - s h i f t ---------------p r o v i s i o n s --------------------------------------W ith s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l ----------------U n if o r m c e n ts p e r h o u r -------L e s s th a n 5 c e n t ---------------5 c e n t s -------------------------------1 0 c e n t s -----------------------------2 0 c e n t s -----------------------------U n if o r m p e r c e n t a g e --------------2 p e r c e n t ---------------------------5 p e r c e n t ---------------------------1 0 p e r c e n t -------------------------O t h e r --------------------------------------W ith no s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l ------------
U n ite d
S t a te s 1
.8
29. 1
8 . 0
1. 5
3. 0
1 .4
2. 1
18. 9
5. 0
4. 5
9. 4
2. 3
39. 7
68
70. 8
1 9 .9
7. 8
2. 4
-
.0
3. 3
12. 1
2
1 .9
10. 2
5 0 .8
83. 2
4 6. 1
-
_
_
-
34. 6
2 4 .8
9. 7
3. 7
2 1 .4
_
_
_
_
2 1 .4
8
-
3. 4
18. 0
11. 5
37. 1
6 2. 3
W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d o n t h i r d o r
o t h e r la t e s h i f t -------------------------------R e c e iv in g s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l -------U n if o rm c e n ts p e r h o u r -------L e s s th a n 5 c e n t s --------------5 c e n t s -------------------------------1 0 c e n t s -----------------------------2 0 c e n t s -----------------------------U n if o rm p e r c e n t a g e --------------------2 p e r c e n t --------------------------------------5 p e r c e n t --------------------------------------1 0 p e r c e n t ------------------------------------O t h e r -------------------------- --------------------------R e c e iv in g no s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l —
4. 4
1 .4
.5
.2
. 1
.2
. 1
.8
. 2
. 1
. 4
.
4 .9
1 .4
.6
.3
-
.3
. 1
. 8
.
1
.
7
-
-
-
-
_
-
1 .4
1
.
1
.
-
3
5
4. 1
1 .4
.
1
1
. 2
.
1
3. 0
6
3. 5
4. 2
A ll w o r k e r s w e r e in t h e S o u th e a s t r e g i o n .
R e f e r s to p o l ic i e s o f e s ta b l is h m e n t s e it h e r c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t in g l a t e s h if t s
o r h a v in g p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r in g l a t e s h if t s .
2 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e in th e S o u th e a s t re g io n .
1
NOTE:
B e c a u s e of ro u nding,
su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u a l t o t a l s .
NOTE:
B e c a u s e of r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y no t e q u a l t o t a l s .
T a b le 51. C h ild re n ’s hosiery m ills: P a id h o lid a ys
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o ffic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w h ich h a v e f o r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r p a id h o lid a y s
s e l e c t e d S t a te s , and a r e a , S e p te m b e r 1970)
Staite s
N u m b e r o f p aid h o lid a y s
U n ited
S ta te s 1
N o rth
C a r o lin a
A rea
T en n essee
S t a te s
W in sto n S a le m H igh P o in t,
N . C.
U n ited
S ta te s 1
P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s
l nn
1
u u____
U n ite d S ta te s ,
No rth
C a r o lin a
A rea
T en n essee
W in sto n S a le m H ig h P o in t,
N . C.
O ff ic e w o r k e r s
100
100
100
100
100
100
>O
a
b
1A
51
11
~
51
“
*
c
D
“
“
28
20
8
51
9
15
4
10
13
36
8
12
2
2
11
1
71
in
in
10
72
QA
t>4
49
72
49
64
100
W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s p r o
v id in g p a i d
h nlidayo
----
“
W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s p r o
v id in g
n n p a id V in U d ^y fj
1 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e in the S o u th e a st r e g io n .
NOTE:
B e c a u s e o f rounding, s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s .
50
-
5
15
43
7
"
22
4
3
19
3
29
50
T a b le 52. C h ild re n 's ho siery mills: P a id v a ca tio n s
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o f fic e w o r k e r s in m i l l s w h ic h h a v e f o r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r p a id v a c a tio n s a f te r s e le c t e d p e r io d s o f
s e r v i c e , U n ited S t a te s , s e le c t e d S t a t e s , and a r e a , S e p te m b e r 1970)
S ta te s
V a c a tio n p o lic y
U n ited
S t a te s 1
No rth
C a r o lin a
A rea
W in sto n S a le m T en n essee
H ig h P o in t,
N .C .
.. — ............ ....... —
N o r th
C a r o lin a
W in s to n S a le m T en n essee
H igh P o in t,
N .C .
O ff ic e w o r k e r s
P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s
A ll w o r k e r s
A rea
S ta te s
U n ite d
S ta te s 1
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
61
11
50
48
5
43
82
10
72
68
68
76
71
5
69
65
4
79
79
-
62
55
7
39
5Z
18
32
24
31
21
38
9
42
2
8
3
38
25
38
_
19
6
51
_
11
.
49
3
24
-
41
_
28
61
_
18
28
..
34
9
42
2
8
-
3
38
.
6
-
25
38
_
19
_
6
51
_
11
_
41
3
31
1
41
_
26
2
_
17
_
62
_
.
28
_
34
_
28
7
26
17
.
30
.
25
25
32
_
27
_
41
_
29
3
43
1
30
.
37
2
17
_
62
.
19
_
44
16
1
30
14
25
44
24
2
41
29
3
43
30
_
37
2
17
_
62
-
19
_
44
M ethod o f p a y m e n t
W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id v a c a tio n s ■ ■■■ -- --------- ■■■
L e n g th -o f-tim e p a y m e n t -------------P e r c e n ta g e p a y m e n t -----------------W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id v a c a tio n s -------------A m o u n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 2
A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e :
U n d er 1 w e e k — — —
1 w e e k ---- - .....- -------------O v er 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ---------2 w e e k s -—--------------------------------A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
U n d er 1 w e e k — ■—------------------- —
1 w eek
......-----— •>
O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s -------2 w e e k s — —■■■—-------- —
3 w e e k s — ---------------------------- -----A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e :
1 w e e k ------------ - —- -------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s
2 w e e k s .... .......................—------ —........
3 w e e k s -------- --------------- — ---------A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 3
1 w e e k ---------------------------------- ----O v er 1 and und er 2 w eek s
—2 w e e k s -------------------------------------3 w e e k s — ---- --------------------- -------
-
25
8
28
~
6
"
"
-
1
1 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e in th e S o u th e a s t r e g io n .
2 V a c a tio n p a y m e n ts, su c h a s p e r c e n t o f a nnu al e a r n in g s , w e r e c o n v e r te d to an e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s i s . P e r io d o f s e r v
ic e w e r e a r b it r a r ily c h o s e n and do n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t in d iv id u a l p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s i o n . F o r e x a m p le , th e c h a n g e s
in p r o p o r tio n s in d ic a te d at 5 y e a r s m a y in c lu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 1 and 5 y e a r s .
3 V a c a tio n p r o v is io n s w e r e th e s a m e a f te r lo n g e r p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e .
NO TE :
B e c a u s e o f rounding, s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s .
T a b le 5 3 .
C h il d r e n ’s h o s ie r y m ills:
T a b le 5 4 . C h ild ren ’s hosiery mills: O ther
s e le c te d benefits
H e a lth , in s u ra n c e , a n d r e tire m e n t p la n s
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o f fic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w h ich ha v e s p e c if ie d h ea lth , in s u r a n c e and r e tir e m e n t p la n s,
U n ited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d S t a t e s , and a r e a , S e p te m b e r 1970)
S ta te s
T ype of p la n 1
A rea
S ta te s
U n ite d
W in sto n W in sto n - U n ited
S t a te s 2 N o rth
S ta te s 2 N o rth
S a le m S a le m T en n essee
T en n essee
H
igh
P
o
in
t,
C
a
r
o
lin
a
C a ro lin a
H igh P o in t,
N. C.
N . C.
A ll w o r k e r s ---------------------
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
92
88
38
100
94
37
93
93
49
100
96
31
94
91
46
100
95
39
95
95
70
100
95
35
69
25
72
25
68
24
69
9
69
29
72
26
51
26
63
11
19
19
-
19
19
38
38
21
21
34
22
41
23
43
43
51
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
15
-
26
78
16
78
16
65
14
57
15
3
3
3
8
82
17
82
17
74
15
60
12
3
3
3
"
3
84
21
84
21
75
19
59
17
3
3
3
4
85
25
85
25
80
22
62
20
1
1
1
-
85
11
85
11
78
11
78
11
11
11
11
8
87
33
87
33
77
28
72
28
-
80
8
80
8
56
8
69
21
8
8
8
-
7
83
23
83
23
73
18
69
18
■
-
-
-
6
"
5
-
■
1 I n c lu d e s o n ly t h o s e p la n s fo r w h ic h at l e a s t p a rt of the c o s t is b o rn e by th e e m p lo y e r and e x c lu d e s le g a lly
r e q u ir e d p la n s s u c h a s w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n and s o c ia l s e c u r ity ; h o w e v e r , p la n s r e q u ir e d by S ta te t e m p o r a r y
d i s a b ilit y la w s a r e in c lu d e d if th e e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u te s m o r e than is l e g a lly r e q u ir e d o r th e e m p lo y e e r e c e i v e s
b e n e f it s o v e r th e r e q u ir e m e n t s .
" N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p la n s" in c lu d e o n ly th o s e p la n s fin a n c e d e n t ir e ly by th e e m p lo y e r .
2 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e in th e S o u th e a s t r e g io n .
3 U n d u p lic a te d t o ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
* U n d u p lic a te d t o ta l o f w o r k e r s in p la n ts hav in g p r o v is io n s fo r p e n sio n o r s e v e r a n c e pay p la n s sh o w n s e p a r a te ly .
N O TE :
B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u a l t o t a l s .
A rea
S ta te s
I te m
O ffic e w o r k e r s
P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s
W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g :
L ife i n s u r a n c e ------------------------------------N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s ------------------A c c id e n ta l d e a th and d is m e m b e r m e n t
i n s u r a n c e -------------------------------------------N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s ------------------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r
s ic k l e a v e o r both 3 --------------------------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e
N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s -------------S ic k l e a v e ( fu ll p a y , no w a itin g
p e r io d ) -----------------------------------------S ic k l e a v e ( p a r tia l pa y o r w a itin g
p e r io d ) -----------------------------------------H o s p it a liz a tio n in s u r a n c e ------------------N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s ------------------S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e ------------------------------N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s ------------------M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e ------------------------------N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s ------------------M ajor m e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e ------------------N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s ------------------R e t ir e m e n t p la n s * ------------------------------P e n s i o n s -----------------------------------------N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s -------------S e v e r a n c e p a y --------------------------------N o p l a n s ------------------------------------------------
A rea
( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n and o f fic e w o r k e r s in m il ls w ith p r o v is io n s fo r
fu n e r a l le a v e p ay, ju r y duty pay, and t e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e pay,
U n ited S t a te s , s e le c t e d S t a te s , and a r e a , S e p te m b e r
1970)
U n ited
S ta te s 1
N o rth
C a r o lin a
W in ston S a le m T en n essee
H igh P o in t,
N. C.
P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s
W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s
w ith p r o v is io n s fo r :
F u n e r a l le a v e p a y -----------J u ry duty p a y -------------------T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e
pay2 - -
_
_
10
-
3
5
13
-
-
-
O ffic e w o r k e r s
W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s
w ith p r o v is io n s f o r :
F u n e r a l le a v e p a y -----------J u r y duty p a y -------------------T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e
p a y ------- - ------------
5
12
7
7
1
1
4
4
-
-
1 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e in th e S o u th e a s t r e g io n .
2 P a y to e m p lo y e e s p e r m a n e n tly s e p a r a te d fr o m th e com p any
a s a r e s u lt of t e c h n o lo g ic a l ch an ge o r plant c lo s in g .
A p p e n d ix A .
S c o p e and M e th o d o f S u r v e y
Scope and method of survey
Establishment definition
Included in the survey were establishments engaged
primarily in knitting, dyeing, or finishing full-fashioned
or seamless hosiery (Industries 2251 and 2252 as de
fined in the 1967 edition of the Standard Industrial
Qassification Manual, prepared by the U.S. Office of
Management and Budget, formerly the Bureau of the
Budget). Separate auxiliary units, such as central offices,
were excluded.
The establishments and workers actually studied by
the Bureau, as well as the number estimated to be within
scope of the survey during the payroll period studied,
are shown in the following table.
An establishment, for purposes of this study, is de
fined as a single physical location where industrial opera
tions are performed. An establishment is not necessarily
identical with the company, which may consist of one
or more establishments.
Employment
The estimates of the'number of workers within scope
of the study are intended as a general guide to the size
and composition of the labor force included in the sur
vey. The advance planning necessary to make a wage
survey requires the use of lists of establishments as
sembled considerably in advance of the payroll period
studied.
Industry branches
Establishments were classified by industry branch as
follows: The women’s hosiery branch includes mills en
gaged primarily in the manufacture of women’s full- or
knee-length hosiery, including panty hose, whether fullfashioned or seamless; the men’s hosiery branch includes
mills engaged primarily in the manufacture of men’s
seamless hosiery (size 10 and up); and the children’s
hosiery branch includes mills engaged primarily in the
manufacture of children’s, boys’, and infants’ hosiery
and women’s anklets and socks. If, for example, the
value of a mill’s product was 60 percent men’s hosiery
and 40 percent children’s hosiery, all workers in that
mill were included in the men’s hosiery branch.
Production and officeworkers
The term “ production workers,” as used in this bul
letin, includes working foremen and all nonsupervisory
workers engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative,
executive, professional, and technical personnel, and
force-account construction employees, who were uti
lized as a separate work force on the firm’s own prop
erties, were excluded.
The term “officeworkers” includes all nonsuper
visory officeworkers and excludes administrative, execu
tive, professional, and technical employees.
Occupations selected for study
Occupational classification was based on a uniform
set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter
establishment and interarea variations in duties within the
same job. (See appendix B for these descriptions.) The
occupations were chosen for their numerical importance,
their usefulness in collective bargaining, or their repre
sentativeness of the entire job scale in the industry.
Working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners,
trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and pro
bationary workers were not reported in the data for
selected occupations but were included in the data for
all production workers.
Method of study
Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s
field staff. The survey was conducted on a sample basis.
To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a
greater proportion of large than of small establishments
was studied. In combining the data, however, all estab
lishments were given their appropriate weight. A ll esti
mates are presented, therefore, as relating to all estab
lishments in the industries, excluding only those below
the minimum size at the time o f reference o f the uni
verse data.
65
Table A-1. Estimated number of establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied, hosiery
manufacturing, September 1970
Number of
establishments
Region1 and area
Within
scope of
study
2
Workers in establishments
Actually
studied
Actually
Within scope of study
T o ta l3
studied
Production
Office-
workers
workers
Total
All hosiery mills:
United States4 ....................................................
558
256
94,205
85,844
3,432
67,709
Middle A tla n tic .............................................
67
25
6,454
5,472
408
4,325
Border States ................................................
11
9
1,474
1,346
35
1,412
S o u th e a s t......................................................
454
210
82,171
75,458
2,777
59,149
United States4. ....................................................
277
134
62,198
56,985
2,246
46,306
Middle A tla n tic .............................................
52
16
4,093
3,440
270
2,422
Southeast.........................................................
203
104
53,812
49,706
1,815
40,458
28,623
Women's hosiery mills:
.......................................
145
71
37,725
34,914
1,204
Hickory—Statesville5 .......................
22
13
6,538
6,070
205
4,267
Winston-Salem—High Point6 .........
55
26
15,278
13,989
576
12,912
Tennessee ................................................
23
13
6,338
5,905
168
4,460
United States4 ....................................................
159
75
19,650
17,608
727
13,784
Middle A tla n tic .............................................
15
9
2,361
2,032
138
1,903
S o u th e a s t......................................................
129
59
16,001
14,501
503
11,072
8,300
North Carolina
Men's hosiery mills:
.......................................
105
44
12,321
11,212
377
H ickory—Statesville5 .......................
49
18
3,318
2,999
93
2,159
Winston-Salem—High Point6 .........
Tennessee..................................................
40
21
7,014
6,391
232
5,316
7
6
1,477
1,274
71
1,330
North Carolina
Children's hosiery m ills:7
United States4 ....................................................
122
47
12,357
11,251
459
7,619
Southeast.........................................................
122
47
12,357
11,251
459
7,619
.................................. ....
86
30
7,864
7,139
275
4,422
Winston-Salem—High Point6 .........
Tennessee..................................................
41
16
4,442
4,042
156
2,678
17
9
2,445
2,243
92
2,010
North Carolina
The regions used in this study include: Middle A tlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Border States—Delaware.
District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, and West Virginia; Southeast—Alabama. Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.
2 Includes only mills having 20 workers or more at the time of reference of the universe data.
3 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate production and officeworkers categories.
4 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study.
3 The Hickory—Statesville area includes Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, and Iredell Counties.
^ The Winston-Salem—High Point area* includes Alamance, Davidson, Forsyth, Guilford, Randolph, and Surry Counties.
7 Includes children's, boys', and infants' hosiery; women's anklets and socks; and all other hosiery not eleswhere classified.
hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving
the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of in
dividuals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were
obtained by dividing their straight-time salary by normal
rather than actual hours.
Wage data
The wage information relates to average straighttime hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for over
time and for work on weekends, holidays, and late
shifts. Incentive payments, such as those resulting from
piecework or production bonus systems and cost-ofliving bonuses, were included as part of the worker’s
regular pay; but nonproduction bonus payments, such
as Christmas or yearend bonuses, were excluded.
Average (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each oc
cupation or other group of workers, such as production
workers, were calculated by weighting each rate (or
The median designates position; that is, one-half of
the employees surveyed received more than this rate and
one-half received less. The middle range is defined by
two rates of pay; one-fourth of the employees earned
less than the lower of these rates and one-fourth earned
more than the higher rate.
66
Size of community
Shift provisions and practices
Tabulations by size of community pertain to metro
politan and nonmetropolitan areas. The term “metro
politan area,” as used in this bulletin, refers to the
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by
the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through
January 1968.
Except in New England, a Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Area is defined as a county or group of con
tiguous counties which contains at least one city of
50,000 inhabitants or more. Counties contiguous to the
one containing such a city are included in a Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area, if, according to certain
criteria, they are essentially metropolitan in character
and are socially and economically integrated with the
central city. In New England, where the city and town
are administratively more important than the county,
they are the units used in defining Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Areas.
Shift provisions relate to the policies of establish
ments either currently operating late shifts or having
formal provisions covering late shift work. Practices
relate to workers employed on late shifts at the time of
the survey.
Supplementary benefits were treated statistically on
the basis that if formal provisions were applicable to
half or more of the production workers in an establish
ment, the benefits were considered applicable to all such
workers. Similarly, if fewer than half of the workers were
covered, the benefit was considered nonexistent in the
establishment. Because of length-of-service and other
eligibility requirements, the proportion of workers re
ceiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated.
Paid holidays. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day
and half-day holidays provided annually.
Method of wage payment
Paid vacations. The summaries of vacation plans are
Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the
number of workers paid under the various time and in
centive wage systems. Formal rate structures for time
rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for
iindividual job categories. In the absence of a formal rate
structure, pay rates are determined primarily by the
qualifications of the individual worker. A single rate
structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all ex
perienced workers in the same job classification. Learn
ers, apprentices, or probationary workers may be paid
according to rate schedules which start below the single
rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job rate
over a period of time. Individual experienced workers
may occasionally be paid above or below the single rate
for special reasons, but such payments are regarded as
exceptions. Range-of-rate plans are those in which the
minimum and/or maximum rates paid experienced
workers for the same job are specified. Specific rates for
individual workers within the range may be determined
by merit, length of service, or a combination of various
concepts of merit and length of service. Incentive workers
are classified under piecework or bonus plans. Piecework
is work for which a predetermined rate is paid for each
unit of output. Production bonuses are based on pro
duction over a quota or for completion of a job in less
than standard time.
limited to formal arrangements, excluding informal
plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the dis
cretion of the employer or supervisor. Payments not on
a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of
2 percent of annual earnings was considered the equiva
lent of 1 week’s pay. The periods of service for which
data are presented were selected as representative of the
most common practices, but they do not necessarily re
flect individual establishment provisions for progression.
For example, the changes in proportions indicated at
10 years of service may include changes which occurred
between 5 and 10 years.
Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Data are pre
sented for health, insurance, pension, and lump-sum
retirement payment plans for which all or part of the
cost is borne by the employer, excluding programs re
quired by law, such as workmen’s compensation and
social security. Among the plans included are those
underwritten by a commercial insurance company,
and those paid directly by the employer from his cur
rent operating funds or from a fund set aside for this
purpose.
Death benefits are included as a form of life insur
ance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that
type of insurance under which predetermined cash pay
ments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or
monthly basis during illness or accident disability. In
formation is presented for all such plans to which the em
ployer contributes at least a part of the cost. How
ever, in New York and ftew Jersey, where temporary
Scheduled weekly hours
Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work
schedule for full-time production workers employed on
the day shift.
Supplementary wage provisions
67
the retiree’s life. Data are presented separately for lump
sum retirement pay (one payment or several over a
specified period of time) made to employees on retire
ment. Establishments providing both lump-sum pay
ments and pensions to employees on retirement were
considered as having both retirement pension and lump
sum retirement pay. Establishments having optional
plans providing employees a choice of either lump-sum
retirement payments or pensions were considered as
having only retirement pension benefits.
Hons,1 plans are included only if the employer (1) con
tributes more than is legally required or (2) provides
the employees with benefits which exceed the require
ments of the law.
Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to
formal plans which provide full pay or a proportion of
the worker’s pay during absence from work because
of illness; informal arrangements have been omitted.
Separate tabulations are provided according to (1) plans
which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2)
plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period.
Medical insurance refers to plans providing for com
plete or partial payment of doctors’ fees. Such plans
may be underwritten by a commerical insurance com
pany or a nonprofit organization, or they may be a
form of self-insurance.
Major medical insurance, sometimes referred to as
extended medical or catastrophe insurance, includes the
plans designed to cover employees in case of sickness or
injury involving an expense which goes beyond the nor
mal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical
plans.
Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to
plans which provide regular payment for the rest of
Paid funeral and jury du ty leave. Data for paid funeral
and jury duty leave relate to formal provisions for at
least partial payment for time lost as a result of attend
ing funerals of specified family members or serving as
juror.
Technological severance pay. Data relate to formal plans
providing for payment to employees permanently sepa
rated from employment because of a technological
change or plant closing.
1
Th^ temporary disability insurance laws in California and
Rhode Island do not require employer contributions.
68
A p p e n d ix B.
O c c u p a tio n a l D e scrip tio n s
The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to
assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed
under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to
establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage
rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment
and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may
differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for
othe* purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field economists are
instructed to exclude working supervisors; apprentices; learners; beginners; trainees;
handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.
Plant O ccupations
Adjuster and fixer, knitting machines
Boarder, automatic
Sets up, regulates, adjusts, and/or repairs knitting
machines used in the hosiery industry. Work involves
most o f the following: Setting up knitting machines to
produce the design, shape, and size desired in the pro
duct; regulating and adjusting the machines for efficient
operation; attaching fixtures or attachments to the
machines; examining product or machines faulty in oper
ation to determine whether adjustments or repairs are
necessary; dismantling or partly dismantling the machine;
replacing broken, damaged, or wornout parts or per
forming other repairs, and reassembling the machines;
and using a variety of handtools in adjusting, fitting, or
replacing parts, fixtures, or attachments.
For wage survey purposes, workers are classified ac
cording to type of machine as follows:
Full fashioned
Seamless, full- or knee-length
Seamless, half-hose
Other (including combination of above)
Shapes and dries hosiery after dyeing by operating
an automatic boarding machine. Work involves: Drawing
and alining the various parts of damp hosiery over
shaped forms which are automatically conveyed through
a drying chamber; regulating the amount of steam or
hot air delivered to the chamber; and observing finished
work for proper operation.
The machine automatically strips hosiery from the
forms and stacks them neatly on board or table.
Boarder, Dunn method
(Single hoarder)
Shapes and finally sets the stitch in dyed hosiery
using the Dunn method or similar system of boarding.
Work involves most o f the following: Drawing and alining
various parts of hose over form of machine; placing
individual or cluster of forms into steam pressure
chamber; removing forms from steam chamber; and
stripping shaped hosiery from forms.
Bagger
Boarder, other than automatic
Places pairs of finished hose in bags made of cello
phane, plastic or similar material prior to shipment.
May also label and seal bags.
Shapes and dries hosiery after dyeing by any method
other than an automatic machine. Work involves most o f
69
the following: Drawing and alining the various parts of
damp hosiery over shaped forms which may be stationary
or attached to either an endless chain or revolving base;
opening valves to admit steam or hot air to inside of
forms or drying chamber; and removing or stripping
dried and shaped hose from the forms. In addition, may
place hosiery on stacking board in dozen groups and
prepare identification tickets for completed lots.
seaming. Work involves most o f the following: Drawing
each hose over revolvable form or board; examining hose
for defects, such as holes, runs, torn threads, poor seams,
dropped stitches, etc., and marking or indicating each
defect; testing stockings for weak spots by operating
levers that expand jaws of pattern and stretch the
stocking at various places; cutting loose ends of thread
from stockings with scissors; and determining whether
defective hose should be mended or rejected. In addition,
may mend minor defects.
Boxer
Packs folded hosiery in cardboard boxes (usually 3,
6, or up to a dozen pairs to a box) and attaches labels
there to indicate the color, size, lot number, etc., of
the contents. In addition, may insert descriptive litera
ture in the boxes.
Workers who also fold hosiery are excluded from this
classification.
Folder
Folds hosiery in pairs and either bands them or places
them in envelopes.
Workers who also box hosiery by packing them in
cardboard box are excluded from this classification.
Collection-system inspector
Folder and boxer
(Knitting inspector)
Performs a combination job of folding and boxing
hosiery as described above.
Workers who either fold or box only are excluded
from this classification.
Examines seamless hosiery, delivered by conveyor
system from knitting machines to a central point, to
determine whether machines are knitting properly. Work
primarily involves: Inspecting hose for defects such as
holes, runs, torn threads, and dropped stitches; identify
ing defective machines by code on imperfect hose; and
signaling fixer that machine is not knitting properly.
May also sort hose according to size and style, tally
number of hose inspected, and hang hose on rack.
Workers who have no control over knitting machines,
but examine and classify hose (e.g., determine whether
hose are to be mended or rejected) are to be excluded
from this classification. See EXAMINER, GREY (IN
SPECTOR, HOSIERY).
Knitter, full-fashioned hosiery
(Knitter, single-unit or hackrack)
Operates a knitting machine that knits a complete
full-fashioned stocking (leg and foot) in one operation.
Work involves: Placing cones of yarn on machine and
threading yarn through guides to each section of
machine; watching the fabric during the knitting process
for defects of any kind; adjusting, replacing, and/or
straightening defective, broken or bent needles; and re
moving completely knit stockings from the machine.
For wage survey purposes, workers are classified
according to the gauge of the hosiery, as follows:
51 gauge
60 gauge
66 gauge
All other
Collection-system operator
(Knitting attendant; utility operator)
Supplies yarn as needed to seamless hosiery knitting
machines which are equipped with a conveyor system
that transports hose from the machine to a central
inspection point. Work involves: Placing cones of yarn
on machines; tailing ends of yarn being knitted to new
yarns; threading yarn through guides; and attaching yarn
to needles. May also assist knitting machine fixers in
resetting the machines and relieve collection system
inspectors as required.
Knitter, women's seamless hosiery
Operates one or more knitting machines that knit a
complete woman’s seamless stocking. Work involves:
Placing cones of yarn on machines and threading yam
through guides and attaching it to the needles; starting
machine and watching the fabric during the knitting
process for defects of any kind.
Examiner, grey (inspector, hosiery)
Examines and inspects hosiery, usually prior to
dyeing, for defects or flaws in knitting, looping, or
70
For wage survey purposes, workers are classified ac
cording to types of feed and number of needles as
follows:
Single-feed
474 needles
400 needles
All other
in holder with new ones; piecing-up broken ends by
twisting or tying the two ends of yarn together; adjusting,
replacing, and/or straightening defective, broken, or bent
needles; and removing the knit ribs or tops from the
machine by cutting the threads with scissors.
Knitter, string
Two-feed
474 needles
400 needles
All other
Operates one or more circular knitting machines that
knit seamless stockings in a continuous string, which is
cut later at proper places to make individual stockings.
Work involves most o f the following: Placing cones of
yarn on cone holder of machine; threading end of yarn
through guides and attaching to needles; starting opertion of machine which automatically knits the leg, heel,
foot, and toe of the stocking in a continuous string;
piecing-up broken ends by twisting or tying the two
ends together; adjusting, replacing, and/or straightening
broken, defective, or bent needles; and removing the
knitted material from the machine by cutting the threads
with scissors.
Four-feed
400 needles
All other
Six-feed
400 needles
All other
Eight-feed
400 needles
All other
Knitter, transfer
Operates one or more knitting machines that knit
seamless stockings onto the ribbed tops (previously
knitted on rib machine). Work involves most o f the
following: Placing cones of yam on machine; threading
yarn through guides, and attaching it to needles; hanging
the stitches of top onto points of transfer ring; setting
points of transfer ring over needles of knitting machine,
and transferring the stitches from the points of the
transfer ring to the needles; lowering top of machine
cylinder over needles and starting machine that knits
the stocking to the top; removing knitted material from
the machine; piecing-up broken ends by twisting or
tying the two ends of yarn together; and adjusting, re
placing, and/or straightening broken, defective, or bent
needles.
Knitter, automatic
Operates one or more machines that automatically
knit a complete seamless stocking (other than women’s
full-length) from the top (ribbed top or welt) to the toe.
Work involves most o f the following: Placing spool or
cone of yarn in yarn holder on machine; threading end
of yarn through guides, and attaching it to the needles;
starting machine which automatically knits the top,
leg, heel, foot, and toe of a seamless stocking in one
continuous operation ;piecing-up broken ends by twisting
or tying the two ends together; and inspecting stocking
coming from knitting machine for defects and flaws.
In addition, may count stockings, tie them into bundles,
or attach card that identifies operator by style number.
Knitter, rib
Operates one or more machines that knit the ribbed
portions (tops or legs) of seamless hosiery. Work involves
most o f the following: Placing cones of thread or yarn on
cone holder of machine; threading end of yarn through
guides, and attaching it to needles in needle holder;
starting operation of machine which automatically knits
a continuous tube of alternate single and double lines
of web and drops or enlarges stitches at predetermined
intervals to indicate where the tube is to be cut; in
specting operation of machine to make certain ribs are
being knitted properly; replacing empty cones of yam
Looper, toe
Operates a machine that closes the opening in the toe
of seamless hosiery. Work involves: Placing yarn on
machine; running thread through various guides and
tension disks and to needle of machine; setting corre
sponding loops of the two parts of the toe or opening
on the looping points of rotating dial (dial carries the
stocking through the mechanism that automatically joins
the parts and trims the edges of the seam); and removing
looped stockings from dial of machine.
71
steam chamber; and stripping shaped hosiery from forms.
May work with two sets of forms, stripping hose from
one set while the second is being steamed, or two workers'
may operate as a team; forms may be placed into steam
chamber manually, or automatically by pushing button,
depending upon type of machine.
Operators of the Dunn method are not included in
this classification. Also excluded are workers engaged in
partial heat setting performed prior to dyeing. In this
operation, the grey hosiery is not preboarded but rather
hung by the toe onto a rack and then placed in a steam
pressure chamber, which partially sets (shrinks) the
fabric.
Mender, hand, finish
Repairs by hand, defects in hosiery prior to folding
and boxing. Work involves most o f the following:
Locating marked defects such as holes, runs, pulled
threads, and dropped stitches; sewing up holes in stocking
with needle and thread; spreading part of stocking con
taining run over mending cup, and catching up run with
a hand or electric-powered latching needle; inserting
missing strands of thread or replacing broken strands
with new threads, using a latching needle; cutting off
loose threads with scissors. May also do inspecting or
pairing.
Mender, hand, grey
Repairs by hand, defects in hosiery prior to dyeing.
Work involves most o f the following: Locating marked
defects such as holes, runs, pulled threads, and dropped
stitches; sewing up holes in stocking with needle and
thread; spreading part of stocking containing run over
mending cup, and catching up run with a hand or
electric-powered latching needle; inserting missing strands
of thread or replacing broken strands with new threads,
using a latching needle; cutting off loose threads with
scissors.
Seamer, full-fashioned hosiery
Pairer
Sewing-machine operator (panty hose)
Mates or arranges stockings in pairs so that they will
correspond in size, color, length, and texture. Work
involves: Laying or spreading the stockings on pairing
table; examining stockings for imperfections and segre
gating the imperfect ones; and selecting two stockings
having same color and size, and comparing them as
to length of welt, foot, leg, and heel splicing or
reinforcement.
Operates a standard or special purpose sewing machine
to perform the sewing operations required in joining
together leg blanks of panty hose. Includes workers who
join leg blanks by sewing them to a gusset, as well as
those joining blanks by sewing a U-seam which does not
require a gusset. Excluded are workers who are engaged
in sewing elastic or labels to hose, but do not attach leg
blanks.
Preboarder
Transfer-machine operator
Shapes and sets the stitch in hosiery in the greige
(in the grey state prior to dyeing) using one of several
types of machines equipped with steam-heated pressure
retort, chamber, or cabinet, and metal hosiery forms.
Work involves a combination o f the following: Drawing
and alining various parts of hose over form; placing
individual or cluster of forms into steam pressure
chamber (or may place forms on racks which are pushed
into steam chamber by floor boy); removing forms from
Operates machine that stamps identifying information
such as size, trademark, type and gauge of yarn, on foot,
toe, or heel of hose. Work involves most o f the following:
Selecting roll of transfer paper and placing roll on reel;
threading paper under heating element onto take-up reel;
adjusting feeding guides of conveyor belt to size of hose;
and starting machine and positioning hose on conveyor
belt against guides. May observe finished work for proper
operation and make adjustments to machine.
Uses a powered-sewing machine to join together with
a seam the two edges of full-fashioned stockings.
Seamer, toe
Operates a seaming machine to produce an overedge
or flat-butted seam to close the toes of seamless hosiery.
O ffic e Occ upatio ns
Clerk, payroll
Calculating workers’ earnings based on time or pro
duction records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet,
showing information such as worker’s name, working
Computes wages of company employees and enters
the necessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve:
72
days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total
wages due. May make out paychecks and assist pay
master in making up and distributing pay envelopes.
May use a calculating machine.
or similar materials for use in duplicating processes.
May do clerical work involving little special training, such
as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or
sorting and distributing incoming mail.
Class A, Performs one or more o f the following:
Typing material in final form when it involves com
bining material from several sources or responsibility
for correct spelling, syllabication, punctuation, etc.,
of technical or unusual words or foreign language
material; planning layout and typing of complicated
statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance
in spacing. May type routine form letters varying de
tails to suit circumstances.
Stenographer, general
Primary duty is to take and transcribe dictation from
one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype
or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocab
ulary. May also type from written copy. May maintain
files, keep simple records or perform other relatively
routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic
pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work.
Class B. Performs one or more o f the following:
Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine
typing of forms, insurance policies, etc.; setting up
simple standard tabulations, or copying more com
plex tables already set up and spaced properly.
Typist
Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material
or to make out bills after calculations have been made
by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats,
73
In d u s try W a g e S tu d ie s
The 'most recent reports for industries included in the
Bureau’s program of industry wage surveys since January
1960 are listed below. Copies are available from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintI.
ing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402, or any of its regional sales offices, and from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C., 20212, or from any of its regional offices shown on the inside back cover.
Occupational Wage Studies
Manufacturing
Price
Basic Iron and Steel, 1967. BLS Bulletin 160 2 ................................................................................................................$0.55
Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1732 .................................................................................45
Cigar Manufacturing, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1 5 8 1 ......................................................................................................................25
Cigarette Manufacturing, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1472 ............................................................................................................. 20
Cotton and Man-Made Fiber Textiles, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1637................................................................................. 1.00
Fabricated Structural Steel, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1695 .........................................................................................................50
Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1531............................................................................................................... 30
Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1576 ......................................................................................... 25
Fluid Milk Industry, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1464 ......................................................................................................................30
Footwear, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1 6 3 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 75
Industrial Chemicals, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1529......................................................................................................................40
Iron and Steel Foundries, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1626 ..................................................................................................... 1.00
Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1618.................................................................................................... 55
Machinery Manufacturing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1664 ...........................................................................................................65
Meat Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1677 ....................................................................................................................... 1.00
Men’s and Boys’ Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1659 ..................................................65
Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 6 ........................................................................................ 1.00
Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1690 .................................................................................................. 60
Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1679 ............................................................................................................. 75
Nonferrous Foundries, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1726 ................................................................................................................. 50
Paints and Varnishes, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1524 ....................................................................................................................40
Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 9 ...................................................................................... 1.25
Petroleum Refining, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1526 ......................................................................................................................30
Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 3 ....................................................................................... 50
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1608 ............................................................................................. 60
Southern Sawmills and Planing Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1694 ......................................................................................... 50
Structural Clay Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1697 ............................................................................................................. 65
Synthetic Fibers, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1540............................................................................................................................ 30
Synthetic Textiles, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1509 ........................................................................................................................40
Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1965-66. BLS Bulletin 1527..................................... .......................................................... 45
I.
Occupational Wage Studies— Continued
Price
West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1 7 0 4 .......................................................................................................
$0.45
Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1728.........................................................................................35
Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1649 ......................................................................................................45
Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1651......................................................................60
Wool Textiles, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1551................................................................................................................................. 45
Work Clothing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1624 ...............................................................................................................................50
Nonmanufacturing
Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1689 ........................................................................................................... 50
Banking, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1703 ..........................................................................................................................................65
Bituminous Coal Mining, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1583............................................................................................................... 50
Communications, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1696 ...........................................................................................................................30
Contract Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1644........................................................................................................... 55
Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Prodcution, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1566 .......................................................................... 30
Educational Institutions: Nonteaching Employees, 1968—69. BLS Bulletin 1671...........................................................50
Electric and Gas Utilities, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1 6 1 4 ............................................................................................................. 70
Hospitals, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1688 .............................................................................................................................
1.00
Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1645 .................................................................................................. 75
Life Insurance, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1569 ...............................................................................................................................30
Motion Picture Theaters, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1542 ............................................................................................................. 35
Nursing Homes and Related Facilities, 1967—68. BLS Bulletin 1638 .................................................................................75
Scheduled Airlines, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 3 4 ........................................................................................................................ 45
Wages and Tips in Restaurants and Hotels, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 2 .................................................................................60
II.
Other Industry Wage Studies
Employee Earnings and Hours in Nonmetropolitan Areas of the South and North Central Regions, 1965.
BLS Bulletin 1552 ................................... ................................................................................................................................ 50
Employee Earnings and Hours in Eight Metropolitan Areas of the South, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1533 ............................ 40
Employee Earnings and Hours in Retail Trade, June 1966Retail Trade (Overall Summary). BLS Bulletin 1584 ......................................................................................
1.00
Building Materials, Hardware, and Farm Equipment Dealers, BLS Bulletin 1584-1 ......................................
.30
General Merchandise Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-2.............................................................................................
.55
Food Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-3 ...............................................................................................................................60
Automotive Dealers and Gasoline Service Stations. BLS Bulletin 15844................................................................. 50
Apparel and Accessory Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-5 .................................................................................................. 55
Furniture, Home Furnishings, and Household Appliance Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-6 ......................................... 50
Miscellaneous Retail Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-7 .......................................................................................................65
☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1972 O - 484-492 (99)
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economic trends. . . . Price $3.25
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U.S. G O V E R N M E N T P R IN TIN G O F FIC E
BU REA U O F LA BO R S T A T IST IC S
R E G IO N A L O F F IC E S
Region I
1603 J F K Federal Building
Government Center
Boston, Mass. 02203
Phone: 223-6762 (Area Code 617)
Region V
8th Floor, 300 South Wacker Drive
Chicago, III. 60606
Phone: 353-1880 (Area Code 312)
Region II
1515 Broadway
New York, N .Y. 10036
Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212)
Region VI
1100 Commerce St., Rm. 6B7
Dallas, Tex. 75202
Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214)
Region IH
406 Penn Square Building
1317 Filbert St.
Philadelphia, Pa. 19107
Phone: 597-7796 (Area Code 215)
Region VII and VIII
Federal Office Building
911 Walnut St., 10th Floor
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816)
Region IV
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree St. N E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309
Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404)
Region IX and X
450 Golden Gate Ave.
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415)
*«
Regions VII and VIII will be serviced by Kansas City.
Regions IX and X will be serviced by San Francisco.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STA TISTIC S
third class mail
W A SH IN G T O N , D .C. 20212
O F F I C I A L BU SIN ESS
P E N A L T Y F O R P R IV A T E USE, $300
P O S T A G E A N D F E E S PAID
U.S. D E P A R TM E N T OF LABOR
@FedFRASER