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Industry Wage Survey Hosiery, July 1976 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 1977 Bulletin 1987 Industry Wage Survey: Hosiery, July 1976 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Julius Shiskin, Commissioner 1977 Bulletin 1987 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D .C. 20402 Stock No. 029-001-02145-3 Preface This bulletin summarizes the results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of wages and supple mentary benefits in the hosiery manufacturing industry in July 1976. Information was developed separately for women’s full- or knee-length hosiery (SIC 2251) and for hosiery, except women’s full- or knee-length hosiery (SIC 2252). A similar study was conducted by the Bureau in September 1973. Separate releases for selected States and areas of hosiery industry concentration (Tennessee, North Carolina, Hickory-Statesville, and Winston-Salem—High Point) were issued earlier and are included in this report. Copies of releases are available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Wash ington, D.C. 20212, or any of its regional offices. The study was conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. Harry B. Williams of the Division of Occupational Wage Structures prepared the analysis in this bulletin. Field work for the survey was directed by the Bureau’s Assistant Regional Commissioners for Operations. Other reports available from the Bureau’s program of industry wage studies, as well as the ad dresses of the Bureau’s regional offices, are listed at the end of this bulletin. Material in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced without the per mission of the Federal Government. Please credit the Bureau of Labor Statistics and cite the name and number of the publication. hi Contents Page Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................... Industry characteristics.................................................................................................................................................... Industry product .......................................................................................................................................................... Production .................................................................................................................................................................... L ocation......................................................................................................................................................................... Size of m i l l .................................................................................................................................................................... U nionization................................................................................................................................................................. Method of wage p aym ent............................................................................................................................................. Sex of w orkers............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Text tables: 1. Domestic production of selected hosiery products, 1970-76 .......................................................................... 2. Percent of production workers by type of mill and location, July 1976 ........................................................ 2 Reference table: 1. All hosiery mills: Earnings distribution.............................................................................................................. 4 Part I. Women’s hosiery m ills .......................................................................................................................................... Average hourly earnings............................................................................................................................................... Occupational earnings.................................................................................................................................................. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions.................................................................................. Scheduled weekly hours ....................................................................................................................................... Shift differential provisions and p ra c tic e s........................................................................................................... Paid holidays............................................................................................................................................................ Paid v acatio n s......................................................................................................................................................... Health, insurance, and retirement plans .............................................................................................................. Other selected benefits .......................................................................................................................................... Reference tables: 2. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics......................................................................................... 3. Earnings distribution............................................................................................................................................. Occupational averages: 4. All m i ll s ................................................................................................................................................................. 5. By size of co m m unity.......................................................................................................................................... 6 . By size of establishment........................................................................................................................................ 7. By method of wage payment ............................................................................................................................. 8 . North C arolina....................................................................................................................................................... 9. T ennessee.............................................................................................................................................................. 1 0. Hickory-Statesville, N .C......................................................................................................................................... 11. Winston-Salem-High Point, N.C........................................................................................................................... Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Method of wage p ay m en t..................................................................................................................................... Scheduled weekly h o u rs....................................................................................................................................... Shift differential provisions ................................................................................................................................ Shift differential practices .................................................................................................................................. Paid h o lid ay s.................................................................................................................................. Paid vacations ....................................................................................................................................................... v 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Contents—Continued Page Reference tables—Continued 18. Health, insurance, and retirement plans..................................................................................................................... 24 19. Other selected benefits ...............................................................................................................................................25 Part II. Hosiery mills, except women’s ...................................................................................................................................26 Average hourly earnings....................................................................................................................................................... 26 Occupational earn in g s..........................................................................................................................................................26 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions..........................................................................................26 Scheduled weekly hours ................................................................................................................................................26 Shift differential provisions and p ra c tic e s....................................................................................................................26 Paid holidays.................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Paid v acatio n s..................................................................................................................................................................27 Health, insurance, and retirement plans ...................................................................................................................... 27 Other selected benefits .................................................................................................................................................. 27 Reference tables: 20. Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics.................................................................................................28 21. Earnings distribution.................................................................................................................................................... 28 Occupational averages: 22. All m i ll s .........................................................................................................................................................................29 23. By size of c o m m u n ity ................................................................................................................................................ 30 24. By size of establishment............................................................................................................................................... 3 1 25. By method of wage payment .....................................................................................................................................32 Occupational earnings: 26. North C arolina.................................................................................................................................................. . . . . 3 3 27. T ennessee...................................................................................................................................................................... 3 5 28. Hickory-Statesville, N.C................................................................................................................................................ 36 29. Winston-Salem-High Point, N.C.................................................................................................................................. 3 7 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. Method of wage p aym ent............................................................................................................................................ 3 3 Scheduled weekly h o u rs............................................................................................................................................. 3 9 Shift differential provisions ...................................................................................................................................... 40 Shift differential practices ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1 Paid h o lid ay s................................................................................................................................................................ 4 2 Paid vacations ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 3 Health, insurance, and retirement plans.................................................................................................................... 4 5 Other selected benefits .............................................................................................................................................. 4 5 Appendixes: A. Scope and method of survey...................................................................................................................................... 4 7 B. Occupational descriptions ......................................................................................................................................... 51 VI Hosiery, July 1976 full-length hosiery. Most of the women’s hosiery mills produced more than one kind of hosiery, but generally their secondary product was another variety of women’s hose. In the production of hosiery other than women’s fullor knee-length, nearly two-thirds of the workers were in mills chiefly producing men’s seamless hosiery; slightly over one-fourth were in mills producing boys’ or children’s seamless hosiery; and the remainder were in other hosiery, such as women’s anklets and socks. Most men’s hosiery mills also manufactured boys’ and children’s hose as a secondary product. Nylon was the chief yarn used in mills employing about nine-tenths of the women’s hosiery workers at the time of the survey. In hosiery mills, except women’s, a number of yarn fabrics, including acrylic, cotton, and nylon, were used to produce the principal product. Integrated mills, i.e., those engaged in knitting, dyeing, and finishing operations, employed about seven-tenths of the workers in both branches of hosiery production. The remaining mills usually performed such operations as knit ting or finishing only, or they performed a combination of dyeing and finishing or knitting and finishing. Nearly all hosiery workers in both branches were em ployed in mills that performed manufacturing operations for their own account. Contract mills which processed Summary Straight-time earnings of production and related workers in hosiery mills averaged $3.02 an hour in July 19761 (table 1). Production workers employed in hosiery mills, except women’s, held a slight average wage advantage over those employed in women’s hosiery—$3.05 to $3 an hour. No direct pay comparisons were made with data from a similar Bureau survey of the industry in September 19732 because the minimum employment size of firms surveyed in women’s hosiery mills was increased from 20 workers in 1973 to 50 workers in 1976. Women, nearly four-fifths of the production work force, averaged $2.91 an hour—53 cents less than the average for men in the industry. This gap between men’s and women’s average wages is at least partly attributable to differences in the distribution of men and women among jobs with disparate pay levels. Averages for the Southeast (nearly nine-tenths of the work force) and the Middle Atlantic were $3.01 and $3.13 an hour, respectively. Within the two regions shown separ ately, average earnings varied by type of mill, size of com munity, location, product, and occupation. Nationwide, occupational pay levels in both industries were usually highest among knitting department employees and lowest for hand grey menders.3 The hourly average for sewing machine operators working on panty hose, numerically the most important job studied in women’s hosiery, was $3 an hour; toe seamers and automatic knitters-the most important jobs studied in hosiery, except women’s, averaged $2.97 and $3.04 an hour, respectively. ^See appendix A for scope and method of survey. The straighttime average hourly earnings in this bulletin differ in concept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau’s monthly hours and earnings series ($3.19 for wom en’s hosiery, except socks, and $3.20 for hosiery, not elsewhere classified, in July 1976). Unlike the latter, estimates presented here exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Average earnings in this survey were calculated by summing indi vidual hourly earnings and dividing by the number o f individuals; in the monthly series, the sum o f the hours reported by establish ments in the industry was divided into reported payroll totals. The estimated number of production workers in the study is intended only as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force. It differs from the monthly series (33,500 for w om en’s hosiery, except socks, and 31,100 for hosiery, not elsewhere classi fied, in July 1976) because establishments employing fewer than 50 workers in w om en’s hosiery, and 20 workers in hosiery, except wom en’s, axe excluded and because advance planning makes it necessary to assemble establishment lists considerably in advance of data collection. Thus, omitted axe establishments new to the hosiery industries, establishments found in other industries at the time of the survey, and establishments manufacturing hosiery but classi fied incorrectly in other industries when the lists were compiled. 2Industry Wage Survey: Hosiery, September 1973, Bulletin 1863 (Bureau o f Labor Statistics, 1975). Industry characteristics Industry product. The study included establishments en gaged primarily in knitting, dyeing, or finishing fullfashioned or seamless hosiery. For purposes of this study, hosiery mills were classified into two broad categories: (1) Women’s full-length or knee-length hosiery and (2) hosiery,except women’s full-length and knee-length hosiery. The 357 hosiery mills within scope of this survey em ployed 47,716 production workers in July 1976. Employ ment in the two major types of mills studied was nearly equal at the time of the survey, with 23,803 production workers in women’s hosiery mills and 23,913 in hosiery mills, except women’s. In the women’s hosiery branch, four-fifths of the workers were in mills where the primary product was panty hose, and virtually all the remaining mills chiefly made seamless 3See appendix B for job descriptions. 1 materials for others accounted for 4 percent of the workers in women’s hosiery mills and 1 percent in other than wom en’s hosiery mills. Text table 2. Percent of production workers by type of mill and location, July 1976 Production. U.S. manufacturers’ production of hosiery products in 1976 was 12 percent higher than in 1973 but only 4 percent above the 1970 level (text table l).4 Wom en’s hosiery production, about 45 percent of total hosiery production in 1976, fluctuated greatly during this period, ending in 1976 about 10 percent below its 1970 level. Within the women’s hosiery category, the production of stockings declined by 79 percent while the production of sheer knee-highs and anklets recorded a 35-fold increase since 1970. ' With the changing design of outerwear fashions, the production of panty hose— numerically the most important women’s hosiery product— varied widely from year to year, as did its share of the market. In 1976, panty hose made up 62 percent of all women’s hosiery compared to 75 percent in 1973 and 70 percent in 1970. Sheer knee-highs a n d anklets 1 9 7 0 .. . 244,051 1 2 5,713 88,3 8 8 36,320 1,005 1971 . . . 2 1 0,893 9 5 ,125 65 , 5 6 9 27,460 2,096 1972 . . . 227,901 1 0 2,666 80,897 17,155 4,614 1973 .. . 227 , 4 3 0 9 9 ,8 55 74,987 15,610 9,258 1974 . . . 216, 4 0 9 88,669 59,952 13,185 1 5,532 1975. . . 2 2 4,786 9 7 ,744 6 1 ,274 8,884 27,586 1976 . . . 253 , 8 6 4 113,805 70,353 7,593 35 , 8 5 9 2 3 ,8 0 3 100 2 3 ,9 1 3 100 S o u th e a s t.................................................. North C a r o lin a .................................. H ic k o ry -S ta te s v ille .................... W inston-Salem —High Point . . T e n n e s s e e ............................................ M iddle A t la n t ic ........................................ 91 62 9 29 13 - 89 64 16 34 12 5 a d d i t i o n to t h o s e s h o w n separately. D a s h e s indicate that n o da t a w e r e r e p o r t e d or that d a t a tenths; those with 50 to 99 workers employed less than one-tenth. Women’s hosiery mills with fewer than 50 workers were excluded from the study. In hosiery mills, except women’s, plants that employed 250 workers or more accounted for two-fifths of the production workers. This compared with three-eighths of the workers in mills with 100 to 249 workers, and slightly less than one-fourth in mills with 20 to 99 workers. Hosiery mills, except women’s, with fewer than 20 workers were excluded from the survey. W o m e n ' s hosiery Stockings To tn l, U nited States:^ N u m b e r ............................................... Percent .................... .......................... did n o t m e e t publi c a t i o n criteria. Total Panty hose Hosiery, except women's NOTE: (Dozens of pairs, in thousands)____________________ Total Women's hosiery ^ In c l u d e s d ata for regions in Text table 1. Domestic production of selected hosiery prod ucts, 1970-76 Year Location Unionization. Mills having union contracts covering a majority of their production work force accounted for 2 percent of the workers in women’s hosiery and about 5 percent in other hosiery plants. The Textile Workers Union of America (which merged with the Amalgamated Clothing Workers Union in June 1976 to form the Amal gamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union) was the major union in the hosiery industry. Source: National Association o f Hosiery Manufacturers, 1976 Hosiery Statistics. Location. The Southeast region accounted for about ninetenths of the Nation’s work force in each of the hosiery industries studied; most of the remaining workers were located in the Middle Atlantic region.5 (See text table 2.) Nationwide and in the Southeast region, approximately two-fifths of the workers in each of the hosiery categories were located in metropolitan areas.6 About two-thirds of the production labor force in July 1976 was concentrated in North Carolina, and one-eighth in Tennessee. Of the 30,000 production workers in hosiery plants located in North Carolina, one-half were located in the Winston-Salem— High Point area and about onefifth in the Hickory-Statesville area. Method o f wage payment. Nationwide, slightly more than three-fifths of the production workers were paid on an incentive basis, almost always under individual piecework plans.7 (See tables 12 and 30.) Among the occupations 4National Association of Hosiery Manufacturers, 1976 Hosiery Statistics, 43rd Annual Report, pp. 10, 11, 42, and 43. %or definitions of regions used in this report, see appendix A, table A-l, footnote 1. In this study, Virginia was included in the Southeast. 6Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through February 1974. 7 Differences in average earnings for piece-rate jobs cannot be used as an accurate measure of differences in rates of pay per unit of work produced. Earnings not only reflect the piecework rate for a given job, but also the productivity of the workers performing the task. Workers’ productivity is affected by work experience, effort, workflow, and other factors that the individual may or may not control. Size o f mill. Women’s hosiery mills with at least 250 workers accounted for almost two-thirds of the production labor force. Those with 100 to 249 workers made up nearly three2 ing proportion of the collection-system inspectors, collec tion-system operators, boarders, preboarders, toe seamers, examiners, hand menders, pairers, folders, boxers, baggers, and various machine operators and knitting department employees. Men, on the other hand, were predominant in such occupational categories as knitting machine ad justers and fixers, dyeing-machine tenders, and sewing machine repairers. Thus, the predominance of men or women in occupations closely parallels the distribution of jobs by method of wage payment—time rated for men, incentive paid for women. studied, such incentive pay plans applied to a majority of the boarders, folders and boxers, knitters, pairers, preboarders, sewing machine operators, toe seamers, and transfermachine operators. Most time-rated workers were either un der formal range-of-rate plans or informal plans which paid primarily according to the individual’s qualifications. Sex o f workers. Women accounted for four-fifths of the workers in women’s hosiery and just over three-fourths in hosiery, except women’s. They constituted an overwhelm 3 Table 1. All hosiery mills: Earnings distribution ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t io n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s by s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , 1 Un ite d S t a te s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , July 1976) Un ite d S t a t e s 2 H o u r ly e a r n in g s 21 All workers M id dl e A t l a n ti c W o m en M en South east NUMBER OF WORKERS....................................... AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS....................... 47,716 $3.02 10,357 $3.44 3 7,359 $2.91 1,783 $3.13 42,810 $3.01 'TOTAL........................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 UNDER $2.30 $2.35 $ 2 .40 $2.45 $ 2 . 3 0 ........................................................ AND UNDER $ 2 . 3 5 ............................. AND UNDER $ 2 . 4 0 ............................. AND UNDER $ 2 . 4 5 ............................. AND UNDER $ 2 . 5 0 ............................. $2.50 $2.55 $2.60 $2.65 $2.70 AND AND AND AND AND (*) 13.2 2.6 3.9 4.0 - (*) 4.5 1.0 3.0 2. 1 (*) 15,7 3.0 4.2 4.5 13.0 2 .2 4. 3 2.5 (*) 13.7 2.7 4.0 4.0 $ 2 . 5 5 ............................. $ 2 . 6 0 ............................. $ 2 . 6 5 ............................ $ 2 . 7 0 ............................. $ 2 . 7 5 ............................. 4 .1 2.8 4. 1 3.2 3 .2 4.0 1.6 3.3 2 .2 2. 3 4.2 3.1 4.4 3.5 3.5 5.2 3.8 2.9 3.2 3.6 4. 2 2.8 4.1 3.3 3 .3 $ 2 . 7 5 AND UNDER $ 2 . 8 0 ............................. $ 2 . 8 0 AND UNDER $ 2 . 8 5 ............................. $ 2 . 8 5 AND UNDER $ 2 . 9 0 ............................. $ 2 . 9 0 AND UNDER $ 2 . 9 5 ............................. $ 2 . 9 5 AND UNDER $ 3 . 0 0 ............................ 3.4 3.0 3 .2 2.8 2.7 3.6 2.0 2.6 2.1 1.6 3.3 3.3 3.3 3 .0 3.0 2.3 3.3 2.2 2.5 1.6 3.4 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.7 $ 3 . 1 0 ............................. $ 3 . 2 0 ............................. $ 3 . 3 0 ............................. $ 3 . 4 0 ............................. $ 3 . 5 0 ............................ 6 .3 5.3 4 .5 3.6 3.3 5.1 3.5 4 .0 3.3 3. 4 6.6 5.8 4 .6 3 .7 3.3 6.8 4.5 4.0 3.0 2.4 6. 1 5 .0 4.6 3.6 3.4 $ 3 . 5 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 6 0 ............................. $ 3 . 6 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 7 0 ............................. $ 3 . 7 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 8 0 ............................ $ 3 . 8 0 AND UNDER $ 3 . 9 0 ............................. $ 3 . 9 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 0 0 ............................ 3 .0 2 .3 2.4 1 .9 1.7 4.6 3.1 3.5 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.3 4.0 2.4 2 .5 1.8 1.8 3.0 2 .3 2.4 1.9 1.6 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $ 4 .30 $4.40 $ 4 . 1 0 ............................. $ 4 . 2 0 ............................ $ 4 . 3 0 ............................ $ 4 . 4 0 ............................. $ 4 . 5 0 ............................. 1.7 1.2 1.3 .8 .7 4.4 2 .6 3.8 1.9 2.0 1.0 .8 .6 .5 .4 2.4 1.3 1.3 1 .0 .9 1.7 1.2 1.3 .8 .8 $ 4 . 5 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 6 0 ............................. $ 4 . 6 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 7 0 ............................ $ 4 . 7 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 8 0 ............................ $ 4 . 8 0 AND UNDER $ 4 . 9 0 ............................. $ 4 . 9 0 AND UNDER $ 5 . 0 0 ............................ .9 .7 .4 .6 .2 2.8 2.2 1. 1 2.2 .7 .3 .2 .2 .1 .1 .8 .4 1.8 .7 .4 .8 .7 .3 .5 .2 3.7 .3 3 .4 .9 $3.00 $3 .1 0 $3.20 $ 3 .30 $3.40 $5.00 AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER AND OVER................................................ 1.0 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and l a t e s h i f t s . 2 In c lu de s data f o r r e g i o n s in a dd i t io n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . F o r d e f i n i t i o n of r e g i o n s ( o r a r e a s ) s h ow n in t h i s o r s u b s e q u e n t tables, s e e t a b le A - l in a p p e n d ix A. NOTE'S B e c a u s e of r o u n d i n g , s u m s of i n d i v id u a l i t e m s m a y not eq u a l 100. A s t e r i s k (*) i n d i c a t e s l e s s than 0 . 0 5 p e r c e n t . P a rt I. W o m e n 's H o s ie ry M ills work force within the scope of the July 1976 survey. Average hourly earnings ranged from $4.06 for knitting machine adjusters and fixers to $2.62 for hand grey menders (table 4). Occupations for which averages were $3 or more an hour included sewing machine repairers, hand finish menders, sewing-machine operators working on panty hose, folders, pairers, preboarders, automatic boarders, automatic knitters, and collection-system operators. Averaging less than $3 an hour were examiners, toe seamers, collectionsystem inspectors, boarders—other than automatic, Dunn method boarders, folders and boxers, and women’s seam less hosiery knitters-two-feed, four-feed, and eight-feed. Tables 5 and 7 indicate that occupational pay relation ships also varied by size of community, size of establish ment, and method of wage payment. However, the exact influence on wages of these individual factors was not isolated for this survey. Straight-time hourly earnings of individual workers within the same occupation and area (tables 8-11) were widely dispersed. In Winston-Salem—High Point, for exam ple, the highest paid pairers, at $4.60 to $4.80 an hour, earned twice as much as the lowest paid, at $2.30 to $2.40 an hour. Also, there was substantial overlap of individual earnings among jobs with disparate wage levels. The following tabulation illustrates the extent of such over lap for workers in two occupations in Winston-SalemHigh Point: Average hourly earnings Straight-time earnings of the 23,803 production and related workers in women’s hosiery mills averaged $3 an hour in July 1976 (table 2). In the Southeast, the only region for which earnings data could be tabulated separ ately, earnings averaged $2.99 an hour. Within the South east region, wage levels varied somewhat by State and area studied (tables 8-11). Nationally, just over two-fifths of the production workers were employed in metropolitan areas. The hourly average for these workers was $3.07, compared with $2.95 for their counterparts in smaller communities. A similar pattern was noted in the Southeast. Men, one-fifth of the production work force, averaged $3.39 an hour, 17 percent more than the $2.90 average for women. Differences in pay for men and women may be the result of several factors, including variations in the distribution of men and women among jobs with disparate pay levels. The differences in averages between men and women in the same job and location may reflect minor variations in duties. Job descriptions used in wage surveys usually are more generalized than those used in individual establishments. Hourly earnings for employees in larger mills (250 workers or more) averaged $3.03; those in middle-sized mills (100-249 workers) averaged $2.94; and those in smaller mills (50-99 workers) averaged $2.97. As noted earlier, mills with fewer than 50 workers were excluded from the study. Individual earnings of 95 percent of the production workers in women’s hosiery fell within a range of $2.30 and $4.30 an hour in July 1976 (table 3). The middle 50 per cent of the production work force earned between $2.49 and $3.36 an hour. At the lower end of the array, 12 per cent of all men and 28 percent of all women earned be tween $2.30— the Federal minimum wage for manufac turing— and $2.50 an hour. Above $4 an hour, the corre sponding proportions were 25 and 4 percent, respectively. K nitting machine adjusters and fixers A utom atic boarders Under $ 2 .6 0 ................................. $ 2 .6 0 and under $ 3 .0 0 ............. $ 3 .0 0 and under $ 3 .4 0 ............. $ 3 .4 0 and under $ 3 .8 0 ............. $ 3 .8 0 and under $ 4 .2 0 ............. $ 4 .2 0 and under $ 4 .6 0 ............. $ 4 .6 0 and o v e r .............................. 3 30 32 85 80 83 171 39 38 35 33 20 16 10 Num ber of workers . . . . Average hourly earnings . . 484 $ 4 .1 4 191 $ 3 .2 9 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Occupational earnings Data were also obtained for production workers on cer tain establishment practices including work schedules, shift differential provisions and practices, and on selected supple mentary benefits including paid holidays, paid vacations, and health, insurance, and retirement plans. The survey also developed earnings data for a number of individual occupations selected to represent various skills of production and related workers in women’s hosiery mills. These jobs accounted for two-thirds of the production 5 Scheduled weekly hours. Work schedules of 40 hours a week were in effect in establishments employing all but 7 percent of the production workers; the remaining work force, lo cated mostly in North Carolina, had weekly work schedules of less than 40 hours (table 13). of the employees’ annual earnings, which were converted to an equivalent time basis for the survey. In July 1976, the most common provisions for these employees were 1 week of vacation pay after 1 year of service, 2 weeks after 5 years, and 3 weeks after 10 or more years. In the WinstonSalem-High Point area, nearly one-third of the work force received 4 weeks of vacation pay after 20 years of service. Shift differential provisions and practices. Nationwide, mills having provisions for second shifts, and for third or other late shifts covered 91 and 86 percent of the production workers, respectively (table 14). At the time of the survey, 14 percent actually were employed on second shifts, and 5 percent on third or other late shifts. Shift differential pay, however, usually was not provided (table 15). Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Life, hospitaliza tion, surgical, and basic medical insurance, for which employers paid at least part of the cost, were provided by women’s hosiery mills employing more than ninetenths of the workers (table 18). In addition, nearly seveneighths of the workers were covered by major medi cal; about one-half of the workers were covered by accidental death and dismemberment insurance, and by sickness and accident insurance or sick leave. Long term disability insurance was virtually non-existent in the industry. Retirement plans, providing regular payments for the remainder of the retiree’s life (in addition to Federal social security), were reported for slightly more than two-fifths of the work force. Paid holidays. Paid holidays, typically 6 days or less an nually, were provided by women’s hosiery establishments employing about seven-tenths of the production workers, nationwide and in the Southeast region (table 16). Within the Southeast, the proportion of workers receiving paid holidays varied among the States and areas studied: In Tennessee, the proportion was almost seven-eighths; in North Carolina, nearly three-fifths; in Winston-SalemHigh Point, about one-half; and in Hickory-Statesville, three-eighths. Other selected benefits. Formal provisions for jury-duty leave pay applied to just over one-half of the production workers in the industry. Provisions for funeral leave pay were reported by mills employing about one-eighth of the workers, nationwide. Provisions were rarely found in the industry for technological severence pay (table 19). Paid vacations. All but 5 percent of the workers in wom en’s hosiery mills were employed in establishments pro viding paid vacations after qualifying periods of service (table 17). Vacation payments for nearly four-fifths of the production workers were based on a stipulated percentage 6 Table 2. W om en's hosiery mills: Average hourly earnings by selected characteristics Table 3. W om en's hosiery mills: Earnings distribution (Percent distribution of production w o r k e r s b y straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and Southeast, July 1976) ( N u m b e r and a v e r a g e straight-time hourly earnings1 of production w o r k e r s b y selected characteristics, United States and Southeast, July 1976) United States2 Hourly earnings United States1 2 N u m b e r Average N u m b e r Av e r a g e hourly of hourly of w o r k e r s earning 8 w o r k e r s earnings Item II L P R O D U C T I O N HEM. NOHEN Southeast 23,803 <1,686 1 9 ,117 BOR K F R S ... ... . . . . . . . SIZE OP C O MMUNITY: , MET R O P O L I T A N AREAS ............. N O N M E T R O P O T - T U N AREA S . . . . . . . . . . . OP ESTABLISHMENT: j i o r |c e p s -t - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 90-74Q BORKERS. ................ 2 S 0 W O R K E R S OR M O R E ......... . $ 3.00 3.39 2.90 21,5 6 4 4,1 7 5 17,389 $2.99 3 .37 2. 9 0 1 0 ,199 1*3,604 3.07 2.95 8 , 942 12,622 3.07 2.93 1,8 7 6 6,7 0 4 15 , 2 2 3 2.97 2.94 3. 0 3 6,153 14,076 2 .91 3.02 SIZE 50-99 1 Excludes p r e m i u m p ay for ov e r t i m e a n d for w o r k on w e e kends, holidays, a n d late shifts. * Includes data for regions in addition to the Southeast. 3 Standard Metropolitan Statis tical A r e a s as defined b y the U.S. Office of M a n a g e m e n t through F e b r u a r y 1974. and Budget N O T E : D a s h e s (-) indicate no data reported or data that do not m e e t publication criteria. N U M B E R O P B O R K E R S .................. A V E R A G E H O U R L X E A R N I N G S .......... T O T A L ..... . UNDER $ 2 . 3 0 ----$2.30 AND U N D E R $2.35 A N D U N D E R $2.40 AND UNDER $2.45 A ND U N D E R sn workers Men Women Southeast 23,803 $3.00 4,686 $3.39 19,117 $2.90 21,564 $2.99 1 0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 _ _ _ $ 2 . 3 5 ............. $ 2 . 4 0 ...... . $ 2 . 4 5 ............. $ 2 . 5 0 ............. 1 3.4 3.0 4.3 4 .4 4.6 1.3 3.7 2.3 15.6 3.4 4 .4 4 .9 13 . 8 3.1 4.3 4.4 A N D U N D E R $ 2 . 5 5 ............. A ND U N D E R $ 2 . 6 0 ............. A N D U N D E R $ 2 . 6 5 ............. A N D U N D E R $ 2 . 7 0 ............. A N D U N D E R $ 2 . 7 5 ............. 3.7 2.7 3 .7 2.9 3.2 3.8 1. 5 3.5 1.5 2.3 3. 7 3.0 3 .8 3.2 3 .5 3.8 2.7 3.8 3.0 3.3 $ 2 . 7 5 A N D U N D E R $ 2 . 8 0 ............. $2.80 AND U N D E R $ 2 . 8 5 ............. $ 2 . 8 5 AND U N D E R $ 2 . 9 0 ............. $2.90 A ND U N D E R $ 2 . 9 5 ............. $2.95 A N D U N D E R $ 3 . 0 0 ............. 3.5 2.6 3 .4 3.0 3.1 4 .2 2.0 2. 9 2.6 1.9 3.4 2. 8 3.5 3 .2 3.4 3.6 2 .7 3.4 3.1 3.2 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 A N D U N D E R $ 3 . 1 0 ............. AND U N D E R $ 3 . 2 0 ............. A ND U N D E R $ 3 . 3 0 ............. A N D U N D E R $ 3 . 4 0 ............. A N D U N D E R $ 3 . 5 0 ............. 6.5 5 .8 4.5 3.8 3 .5 5.3 3.0 4.1 3.7 3 .8 6 .8 6.5 4 .7 3.8 3.5 6.1 5.1 4.6 3.6 3*6 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3. 8 0 $3.90 AND UNDER AND U N D E R A ND U N D E R AND UNDER AND U N D E R $ 3 . 6 0 ............. $ 3 . 7 0 ............. $ 3 . 8 0 ............. $ 3 . 9 0 .......... . $ 4 . 0 0 ............. 2.9 2 .2 2.2 1.9 1.5 4 .8 3.3 3.4 3 .2 2.4 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.2 3.0 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.4 $4.00 $4.10 $ 4.20 $4. 3 0 $4.40 A N D U N D E R $ 4 . 1 0 ............. AND U N D E R $ 4 . 2 0 ............. A ND U N D E R $ 4 . 3 0 .... ........ A N D U N D E R $ 4 . 4 0 ............. A ND U N D E R $ 4 . 5 0 ............. 1.3 .9 1.3 .7 .6 2 .9 1.8 4 .8 1.7 1.4 .9 .7 .4 .4 .5 1.3 .9 1.3 .7 .6 .6 .8 .3 .9 .2 .2.0 3.2 .5 4.0 .6 .3 .2 .2 .1 .1 .6 .8 .2 .7 .2 .5 2.0 .2 .5 $2.50 $2.55 $2.60 $2.65 $2.70 $4. 5 0 A N D U N D E R $4.60 AND U N D E R $4.70 A N D U N D E R $4.80 A ND U N D E R $4.90 A N D U N D E R $4.60...... ...... $ 4 . 7 0 ............. $ 4 . 8 0 ............. $ 4 . 9 0 ............. $ 5 . 0 0 ............. $ 5 . 0 0 A N D OVER.. 1 Excludes p r e m i u m pay for overtime and for w o r k on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to the Southeast. N O T E : B e c a u s e of rounding, s u m s dividual items m a y not equal 100. of in- Table 4. Women's hosiery mills: Occupational averages—all mills ( N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s , U n it e d S t a t e s and S o u t h e a s t , Ju ly 1976) U n it e d S t a t e s 21 O c c u p a ti o n and s e x Number of workers Southeast H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 3 M id dl e range Number of workers H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 3 M id dl e range M e an M e d ia n 1,529 1,324 357 19 338 417 1 50 267 $ 4 .06 4.05 2 . 93 3.25 2 . 91 3.07 3 . 27 2.95 $4.06 4 .0 3 2.98 3.19 2 . 98 3.05 3 . 40 2.9 5 $ 3 .6 5 3.602 .8 0 3. 122 .7 7 2 .7 52.9 9 2. 7 0 - $4.52 4.58 3.1 9 3.50 3.05 3.40 3.5 3 3.2 5 1,328 1,205 351 19 332 415 1 50 2 65 $4.05 4.03 2.93 3.25 2.91 3.07 3.27 2.9 5 $4.03 4.02 2.98 3.1 9 2.98 3 .05 3.40 2.95 185 125 2.82 2.72 2.85 2.70 2. 352 .3 5 - 3.10 2.90 166 106 2.81 2.68 2.75 2.70 2 .352.3 5 - 3.10 2.9 0 70 16 54 2.91 2.84 2.93 2.7 5 2.70 2.90 2 .7 0 2 .7 0 2 .7 0 - 3.15 3.15 3.1 5 51 15 36 2.86 2.84 2.67 2.7 0 2.70 2.70 2 .7 0 2.702 .6 5 - 3.10 3.15 3.10 107 74 266 21 245 2.86 2.77 3.09 3.04 3.09 2.7 5 2.75 3.06 3.06 3.0 6 2 .7 3 2 .7 1 2 .7 0 2 .6 5 2 .7 0 - 3.00 3.00 3.44 3.32 3.4 8 107 74 217 213 2.86 2.7 7 3.14 3 . 15 2.75 2.75 3.1 3 3 . 15 2 .732 .7 1 2 .7 0 2 .70- 3 .0 0 3.00 3.56 3.5 6 4 13 3 .17 3.06 2 .6 4 - 3.59 M ea n M e d ia n KNITTING AND FIXERS, KNITTING MACHINES4 5 ........................................................... SEA.MLFSS, FULL- OR KNEE-LENGTH.. COLLECTION-SYSTEM INSPECTORS.............. MEN..................................................................... WOMEN................................................................ COLLECTION-SYSTEM OFERATORS................. MEN..................................................................... WOMEN................................................................ KNITTERS, WOMEN'S SEAMLESS HOSIERY, TWO-FEED.......................................... WOMEN................................................................ KNITTERS, WOMEN'S SEAMLESS HOSIERY, FOUR-FEED....................................... MEN..................................................................... WOMEN................................................................ KNITTERS, WOMEN'S SEAMLESS HOSIERY, EIGHT-FELL.................................... WOMEN................................................................ KNITTERS, AUTOMATIC....................................... MEN..................................................................... WOMEN................................................................ adjusteps $3.6 5 - $4.50 4.50 3 .6 0 3.19 2.803 .5 0 3 .1 2 3.05 2 .7 9 3.4 0 2 .7 5 2 .9 9 3.53 3.25 2 .7 0 - BOARDING AND PREEOARDING6 BOARDERS, AUTOMATIC....................................... MEN..................................................................... WOMEN................................................................ BOARDERS, DUNN METHOD.................................. BOARDERS, OTHER THAN AUTOMATIC.... PPE30APDERS...........................................................J 387 174 4 80 461 3.16 2.95 2 . 91 3.17 3.09 2.91 2.79 3.14 2 .6 2 2. 552 .5 2 2 .7 2 - 3.59 3.26 3 .1 8 3.67 332 6 3 26 145 478 452 3 . 19 3.39 3.19 2.93 2.92 3.18 3 . 11 3.11 2.90 2.79 3.14 2.7 0 2 .672 .5 0 2 .5 2 2 .7 2 - 3 . 60 3.60 3.2 2 3.18 3.67 2,263 1 , 0 92 3 74 658 3 66 100 18 468 153 112 119 107 2.94 2 . 98 2.91 3.03 2 . 96 3.15 2. 62 3.01 2 . 82 3.33 2.73 2.70 2.90 2.96 2.71 3.00 2.90 3.01 2.71 2.87 2 . 67 3.26 2.50 2.5 0 2 .5 2 2 .5 0 2 .4 0 2 .6 1 2.6C 2 .5 5 2 .4 6 2 .3 0 2 .3 2 2 .5 8 2 .3 5 2 .3 2 - 3.26 3.33 3.29 3.33 3.30 3.3 6 2.77 3.4 7 3.1 9 4.03 2.88 2.82 2,068 895 344 523 335 94 18 423 151 111 99 2.94 2.97 2.92 3.01 2.93 3 . 16 2.6 2 2.94 2.83 2.68 2.64 2.89 2.90 2.73 2.98 2.85 3.06 2.71 2.80 2 .67 2.50 2 . 48 2.5 1 2.4 8 2 .4 0 2 .6 0 2 .6 0 2 .5 0 2 .4 6 2 .302 .3 2 2.3 4 2.3 2 - 3.2 7 3.27 3.29 3 .30 3.3 0 3 .38 2.77 3.34 3.19 2.8 7 2.82 3,462 2,341 428 122 306 34 27 2 ,5 7 5 3 .00 3.03 2.98 3 . 85 3 . 14 2.66 2 . 62 2 . 91 2.96 3.00 2 . 94 3.87 3.0 4 2.48 2 . 40 2.81 2 .5 6 2. 542 .5 9 3 .5 7 2.5 5 2. 3 0 2. 3 0 2. 46- 3.3 3 3.36 3.30 4.24 3 .59 3.00 2.91 3.21 3,340 2,235 414 107 254 26 19 2,436 3.00 3.04 2.98 3 . 84 3.22 2.70 2.65 2.90 2 .95 2.99 2.95 3.8 5 3.19 2.66 2.30 2 . 80 2.562 .5 3 2 .603 .5 1 2 .7 0 2 .3 0 2 .3 0 2.4 5 - 3.34 3 .38 3.3 0 4.36 3.65 3.05 2.91 3.21 _ _ _ _ _ MISCELLANEOUS6 SEAMERS, TOE........................................................... EXAMINERS (HOSIERY INSPECTORS)5. . . . GREY (GREIGE) EXAMINERS....................... FINISHED EXAMINERS.................................... DYEING-MACHINE TENDERS4 ............................ MENDERS, HAND, F I N I S H .................................. MENDERS, HAND, GREY....................................... PAIREFS5 ...................................................................... STOCKINGS............................................................. PANTY HOSE........................................................... TRANSFER-MACHINE OPERATORS.................... WOMEN................................................................ SEWING-MACHINE OPERATORS (PANTY HOSE)5........................................................ LEG BLANK SEWERS.......................................... ELASTIC SEWERS................................................ REPAIRERS, SEWING MACHINE4 .................... FOLDERS........................................................................ BOXERS........................................................................... WOMEN................................................................ FOLDERS AND BOXERS.......................................... 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and l a te s h i f t s . 2 I n c lu d e s data for r e g i o n s in a d d i t io n to th e S o u t h e a s t . 3 S e e a p p e n d ix A fo r m e t h o d u s e d in c o m p u ti n g m e a n s , m e d i a n s , and m i d d l e r a n g e s of e a r n i n g s . M e d ia n s and m i d d l e r a n g e s w e r e not c o m p u te d fo r o c c u p a t i o n s wi th f e w e r t han 15 workers. 4 A ll or virtually all w ork ers a r e m en. 5 I n c lu d e s dat a f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d i t io n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 6 W h e r e s e p a r a t e i n f o r m a t i o n i s not s h o w n by s e x , a l l or virtually all w o r k e r s ar e wom en. N O T E : D a s h e s (-) indicate no data reported or data that do not m e e t publication criteria. Table 5. Women's hosiery mills: Occupational averages—by size of community ( N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s by s i z e of c o m m u n i t y , U n it e d S t a t e s and S o u t h e a s t , J ul y 1976) Un ite d S t a t e s 213 O c c u p a ti o n and s e x Southeast M etropolitan N onm etropolitan M etropolitan Non m etropolitan areas areas areas areas N um ber A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number Average of ho u r l y of ho u r l y of hourly of h ou r l y w o r k e r s earnings w o r k e r s earnin gs w o r k e r s earnings w o r k e r s earnin gs KNITTING ADJUSTEPS AND FI XE RS, KNITTING MACHINES3 4................................................................. SEAMLESS, FULL- OF. KNEE-LENGTH... COLLECTION-SYSTEM INSPECTORS................. WOMEN.................................................................... COLLECTION-SYSTEM OPERA TOES.................... MEN......................................................................... WOMEN.................................................................... KNITTERS, WOMEN'S SEAMLESS HOSIEFY, TWO-FEED............................................. MEN......................................................................... WOMEN.................................................................... KNITTERS, WOMEN'S SFAMLESS HOSIEFY, FOUR-FEED........................................... WOMEN.................................................................... KNITTERS, WOMEN'S SEAMLESS HOSIERY, EIGHT-FEED........................................ MEN......................................................................... WOMEN.................................................................... KNITTERS, AUTOMATIC........................................... MEN......................................................................... WOMEN.................................................................... 660 562 200 243 87 156 $4. 17 4.18 2. 89 3.02 3. 19 2.92 $3. 97 3.96 2. 97 2. 9 6 3. 14 552 505 200 - 111 2. 99 243 87 156 - - $4. 1 5 4. 13 2. 89 3.02 3.19 2 .92 "776 700 151 145 172 - $3. 9 7 3. 95 2.98 2.97 3.14 - 109 3.00 21 2.78 120 16 104 2.70 2 .63 2.71 _ - 103 16 87 2 .64 2.63 2. 65 19 14 3.28 3.29 51 40 2 .78 2. 81 _ - - 34 24 2. 63 2.64 62 9 53 1 43 2 .70 2.71 2.70 3. 2 5 _ _ - - - 62 9 53 143 2. 7 0 2.71 2. 70 3.25 - - - 869 762 157 151 174 - - - - - 123 21 102 2.91 3 .04 2. 88 - - 143 3. 2 5 190 6 184 138 344 3. 0 3 3.39 3.02 2 .92 2.78 - - 143 3. 2 5 141 6 135 138 344 3. 0 6 3 .39 3.05 2 .92 2 .78 BOARDING AND FREBOARDING5 BOARDERS, AUTOMATIC........................................... MEN......................................................................... WOMEN.................................................................... BOARDERS, DUNN METHOD..................................... BOARDERS, OTHER THAN AUTOMATIC............ PREBOARDERS................................................................. 223 203 - 3. 29 3.29 - - 191 191 - 35 5 3.23 - 880 457 171 258 179 51 7 330 70 99 87 3.05 2 .99 2. 97 3.03 3. 10 3.35 2.77 3.08 2.74 2.77 2 .74 1,383 6 35 203 4 00 187 49 11 138 83 20 20 2. 87 2 .98 2 .86 3.03 2 .83 2 .95 2 .53 2. 8 6 2. 89 2. 55 2.55 770 345 143 174 157 46 7 287 70 1 ,252 860 1 76 41 3.08 3. 16 3 .02 3.89 2,210 1,481 252 81 134 2. 9 5 2 .95 2. 9 5 3.84 2.87 3.29 3. 29 " ~ “ MISCELLANEOUS5 SEAMERS, TOE.............................................................. EXAMINERS (HOSIEFY INSPECTORS)4............ GREY (GREIGE) EXAMINERS.......................... FINISHED EXAMINERS........................................ DYEING-MACHINE TENDERS3 . . . ....................... MENDERS, HAND, F I N I S H ..................................... MENDERS, HAND, GREY........................................... PAIRERS4 ......................................................................... STOCKINGS................................................................. TRANSFER-MACHINE OPERATORS....................... WOMEN.................................................................... SEWING-MACHINE OPERATORS (PANTY HCSE)4. ......................................................... LEG BLANK SEWERS.............................................. ELASTIC SEWERS................................................... REPAIRERS, SEWING MACHINE3 ....................... FOLDERS............................................................................ BOXEES.............................................................................. WOMEN................................................................... FOLDERS AND BOXERS.............................................. BAGGERS............................................................................ AUTOMATIC PACKAGING MACHINE OPERATOR...................................................................... 23 19 1 ,093 - 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pay f or o v e r t i m e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and l a t e s h i f t s . 2 I nc lu de s da ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d i t io n to th e So u t h e a s t. 3 A ll or virtually all w o r k e r s a re m en . 4 In c lu de s da ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a dd it io n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2.81 2.75 2. 9 7 - - - 79 3.06 3.01 2.99 3.07 3.06 3. 38 2.77 2.97 2.74 2.66 1,298 550 201 349 178 48 11 136 81 20 20 2.87 2.94 2 .86 2.98 2.82 2.95 2 .53 2. 8 7 2. 90 2.55 2. 55 1,232 842 176 40 3.08 3.17 3.02 3.90 2,108 1,393 238 67 134 2 .96 2. 9 6 2.96 3.80 2. 8 7 - - 1 ,482 20 2.86 3. 20 988 - 14 3. 14 “ 2. 96 - - - 1 ,448 19. 2. 86 3.24 - 8 3.12 5 W h e r e s e p a r a t e i n f o r m a t i o n i s not s h o w n by sex, all or virtually all w o r k e r s are w om en. N O T E : D a s h e s (-) indicate no data reported or data do not m e e t publication criteria. Table 6. Women's hosiery mills: Occupational averages-by size of establishment (N u m b e r and a v e ra g e s tr a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s by s iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t, U n ite d S tates and S o uthe ast, J u ly 1976) U n it e d S t a t e s 2 Southeast E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g— Occupation and sex 250 w o r k e r s or 250 w o r k e r s or 50-99 w o r k e r s 100-249 w o r k e r s 100-249 w o r k e r s more more N u m b e r Average N u m b e r Average N u m b e r Average N u m b e r Average N u m b e r Average of hourly of hourly of of hourly hourly of hourly w o rke r s earnings w o r k e r s earnings w o r k e r s earnings w o r k e r s earnings w o r k e r s earnings KNITTING A D J U S T E R S A ND F I X E R S , K N I T T I N G MACHINES3 .nr............... . ........ S E A M L E S S , FUL L - OR K N E E - L E N G T H . . . C O L L E C T I O N - S Y S T E M I N S P E C T O R S ........ W O M E N .............................. C O L L E C T I O N - S Y S T E M O P E R A T O R S ......... H E N ................................ HO M E N .............................. KNITTERS, NOHEN'S SEAMLESS H O S I E R Y , T M O - F E E D .................... W O M E N .............................. KNITTERS, WOMEN'S SEAMLESS H O S I E R Y , F O U R - F E E D ................... H E N ................................ W O M E N .............................. KNITTERS, WOMEN'S SEAMLESS H O S I E R Y , E I G H T - F E E D .............. . W O M E N .............................. K N I T T E R S , A U T O M A T I C ................... H E N ................................ W O M E N .............................. B O A R D I N G A ND 1 88 126 - $3.69 3.30 - - - - - - 491 4 18 70 58 105 - $3.95 3.97 2.82 2.71 2.72 75 2. 6 5 - - - - 14 - - 2 .60 - - - 13 2 .60 - - • - - - - $3.90 3 .87 2.82 2.71 2.72 2.65 775 734 272 2 65 289 120 16 9 $4.22 4.22 2.98 2.97 3.25 3. 3 7 3.17 - 143 86 2.83 2.67 2. 6 0 2. 6 0 37 14 23 2.96 2. 8 6 3.02 146 142 3.05 3.05 46 40 - 2 .73 2.73 - 850 780 272 265 289 120 169 $4.20 4.22 2.98 2.97 3.25 3 .37 3 .17 416 369 70 58 105 75 160 103 2.84 2.72 - 53 14 39 2.99 2 .86 3.04 14 13 46 40 - 2 .73 2 .73 - - 165 21 144 3.06 3.04 3. 0 6 254 253 345 ~ 3 .23 3.23 2. 79 - 113 108 - 3.02 3.00 - 2 19 2i8 345 " 3.28 3.28 2. 7 9 “ 2.96 3 .03 2.88 3.10 2.97 3 .34 2.49 3.01 716 186 124 62 130 18 12 133 124 - 2.91 2. 8 3 2 .78 2 .93 2. 8 5 2.61 2 .69 2.84 2. 8 4 - 1,191 590 164 398 182 68 6 273 30 30 2.96 3.00 2 .87 3.07 2 .97 3.34 2.49 3.01 2. 7 3 2.73 618 305 89 27 771 2.88 3 .03 2 .93 3. 7 3 2 .83 2,605 1 ,822 319 77 224 18 1,489 3. 0 2 3.03 3.00 3. 8 5 3.22 2.56 2. 9 4 - - ~ “ PREBOARDING5 B O A R D E R S , A U T O M A T I C ................... W O M E N .............................. B O A R D E R S , O T H E R TH A N A U T O M A T I C ..... P R E B O A R D E R S ............................. 46 26 56 3.19 3.16 2.95 113 108 - 3.02 3.00 - 199 136 62 74 38 13 2. 9 4 2.97 3. 2 4 2.74 3.31 2.86 806 282 146 136 136 19 12 158 124 - 2.92 2. 8 8 2.82 2.95 2.86 2.67 2.69 3 .07 2.84 - 1,258 674 166 448 192 68 6 273 32 32 2 .72 2.72 6 24 309 89 28 - 2.89 3. 0 4 2.93 3.73 - 832 2 .87 2,674 1 ,883 327 90 239 18 1,519 3.02 3.03 2.99 3.87 3 .20 2.56 2.94 MISCELLANEOUS5 S E A M E R S , T O E ........................... E X A M I N E R S (HOSIERY I N S P E C T O R S ) ..... G R E Y (GREIGE) E X A M I N E R S ........... F I N I S H E D E X A M I N E R S .................. D Y E I N G - M A C H I N E T E N D E R S 3. .............. M E N D E R S , HAND, F I N I S H ................ M E N D E R S , HAND, G R E Y ................... P A I R E R S 4 ................................ S T O C K I N G S ............................. T R A N S F E R - M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R S .......... W O M E N .............................. SEWING-MACHINE OPERATORS (PANTY HOSE)4.......................... LEG B L A N K S E W E R S .................... E L A S T I C S E W E R S ...................... R E P A I R E R S , S E W I N G M A C H I N E 3 .......... F O L D E R S . ................................. B O X E R S ................................... F O L D E R S A N D B O X E R S .................... - 37 - 164 14 9 12 67 224 - 2.81 - 2.99 2.99 2.98 2. 8 9 2.90 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and l a t e s h i f t s . 2 I n c lu d e s data for r e g i o n s in ad d i t io n to t h e S o u t h e a s t . 3 All or virtually all w o r k e r s ar e m en. 4 I n c lu d e s data for w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d i t io n to t h o s e s ho w n s e p a r a t e l y . - - . ' 5 W h e r e s e p a r a t e i n f o r m a t i o n i s not s h o w n by s e x , or virtually all w o rk ers are wom en. all NO TE : D a s h e s ( - ) i n d i c a t e no dat a r e p o r t e d o r dat a that do not m e e t p u b li c a t i o n c r i t e r i a . Table 7. W om en's hosiery mills: Occupational averages-by m ethod of w age paym ent ( N u m b e r and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of w o r k e r s in selected occupations b y m e t h o d of w a g e payment, United States and Southeast, July 1.976) Southeast United States’1 2 Thneworkers Occupation and sex Inc entive Timeworkers workers Aver N u m Aver N u m age ber age ber hourly hourly of of e arn w o r k earn w o r k ings ers ings ers Inc en tive w o r k ers N u m Aver age ber hourly of w o r k earners ing s N u m ber of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings 1,5 2 2 1,317 357 19 338 917 1 50 267 $9.06 9.05 2.93 3. 25 2.91 3. 0 7 3.27 2.95 - - 1,321 1,198 351 19 332 915 150 265 $9.05 9.03 2.93 3 .25 2.91 3.07 3.27 2 .95 - - 129 16 113 2.66 2.63 2. 66 - - 110 16 99 2.61 2 .63 2.60 - - 70 16 59 2.91 2. 8 9 2 .93 - - 51 15 36 2.86 2.89 2 .87 - - 62 9 53 98 31 2.70 2.71 2.70 2. 86 2. 75 218 219 $3.19 3. 1 9 62 9 53 - 2.70 2.71 2.70 - 188 189 $3.21 3. 21 913 387 172 978 960 3.17 3.16 2 .96 2. 92 3 .17 _ - _ - 332 6 326 195 978 951 3.19 3.39 3. 1 9 2. 9 3 2.92 3. 18 2,252 990 319 698 9 61 6 965 153 112 99 90 2.95 3.02 3.01 3.09 3.26 3.25 2.61 3.01 2.82 3. 3 3 2.75 2.72 _ 2,0 6 8 833 289 521 56 6 923 151 87 83 2.99 3.01 3.02 3.01 3. 2 7 2.61 2.99 2.83 2.68 2. 6 5 3,961 2,391 927 3. 0 0 3.03 2.98 3.19 2.92 3,3 3 9 2,235 913 259 2,907 3.00 3.09 2. 9 9 - KNITTING ADJUSTERS AND FIXERS, KNITTING M A C H I N E S 3 4............................. S E A M L E S S , F U L L - OR K N E E - L E N G T H . . . C O L L E C T I O N - S Y S T E M I N S P E C T O R S ........ M E N ................................. W O M E N .............................. C O L L E C T I O N - S Y S T E M O P E R A T O R S ......... M E N ................................. W O M E N .............................. KNITTERS, WOMEN'S SEAMLESS H O S I E R Y , T W O - F E E D .................... M E N ................................. W O M E N .............................. KNITTERS, WOMEN'S SEAMLESS H O S I E R Y , F O U R - F E E D ................... H E N ................................. W O M E N .............................. KNITTERS, WOMEN'S SEAMLESS H O S I E R Y , E I G H T - F E E D .................. M E N ................................. W O M E N .............................. K N I T T E R S , A U T O M A T I C . . . ............... W O M E N .............................. B O A R D I N G AN D “ PREBOARDING* B O A R D E R S , A U T O M A T I C ................... M E N ................................. W O M E N .............................. B O A R D E R S , D U N N M E T H O D ............. . B O A R D E R S , O T H E R T H A N A U T O M A T I C ..... P R E B O A R D E R S .................. .......... _ - - - - - MISCELLANEOUS5 S E A M E R S , T O E ............................ E X A M I N E R S ( H OSIERY I N S P E C T O R S ) ..... G R E Y (GREIGE) E X A M I N E R S ........... F I N I S H E D E X A M I N E R S .............. . .. D Y E I N G - M A C H I N E T E N D E R S 3 .............. M E N D E R S , H A N D , F I N I S H ................. M E N D E R S , HAND, G R E Y ................... P A I R E R S 4 ................................. S T O C K I N G S ............................. P A N T Y H O S E ............................ T R A N S F E R - M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R S .......... W O M E N .............................. SEWING-MACHINE OPERATORS (PANTY HOS E ) 4 ......................... L E G B L A N K S E W E R S .................... E L A S T I C S E W E R S ....................... R E P A I R E R S , S E W I N G M A C H I N E 3- .......... F O L D E R S .................................. B O X E R S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f ........ FOLDERS A N D B O X E R S .................... _ 102 60 357 39 12 25 17 2.62 2.91 2.96 2. 9 9 2. 63 2. 6 8 2.61 122 19 3.85 2. 9 3 2.32 37 1 Excludes p r e m i u m pay for overtime and for w o r k on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to the Southeast. 3 All or virtually all w o r k e r s are m e n . 4 Includes data for w o r k e r s in classifications 306 2,5 3 8 62 60 329 38 12 29 16 2 .90 2.91 2. 9 3 3.00 2.63 2.68 2.60 107 - 3. 8 9 - * 3. 2 2 - 2*91 in addition to those s h o w n separately. 5 W h e r e separate information is not s h o w n b y sex, all or virtually all w o r k e r s are w o m e n . N O T E : Dashes in d ic a te n o d a ta r e p o r te d d ata th a t do n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a . or Table 8. Women's hosiery mills: Occupational earnings—North Carolina ( N u m b e r and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of production w o r k e r s in selected occupations, July 1976) NumOccupation a nd sex ALL of workers PRODUCTION NU MBER 2.115 X ¥ T 3 S AND UNDER 2 . 4 0 2.50 2.60 2.60 2 , 7 0 2.80 2.90 OF WORKERS 3. 0 0 RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME 3 r n r 3 720 it n r 1740 1730 HO U R L Y E A R N I N G S (IN DOLLARS) OF— 3.60 3770 3. 80 4.00 4.20 4 .40 4 .60 4 .00 4 . 2 0 5. 0 0 5 . 2 0 5. 4 0 5 .60 4 .80 5 . 0 0 4.80 f 5.80 AHD O VER 2.70 2 .80 2 .90 3.00 3. 10 3.20 3 .30 3.40 3 .50 3.60 3.70 3.80 4. 4 0 4 .60 5.20 5.40 5.60 5.80 $3.02 3 .36 2 .94 2268 140 2128 1299 198 1101 8-88 133 755 959 186 773 995 188 807 969 148 821 995 152 843 938 156 7 82 6 69 75 594 738 138 600 535 124 411 537 88 449 536 192 344 408 138 270 338 85 253 547 154 393 3 72 147 225 282 150 132 213 100 113 105 39 66 196 158 38 49 37 12 12 6 6 6 3 3 7 1 6 4 4 “ 974 900 215 202 248 76 172 3.99 3. 9 6 2 .90 2.88 3 .02 3. 2 6 2.91 - 6 6 - 3 3 1 82 82 4 123 122 53 52 2 85 84 95 86 117 98 74 47 22 11 151 150 13 12 * 1 • • • 1 30 30 14 12 49 10 39 30 29 2 8 8 8 8 123 121 49 27 22 '-27 27 " - 4 4 37 37 9 1 8 2 2 1 1 15 15 16 16 10 10 2 2 32 31 9 29 29 12 11 3 3 23 23 • - 61 38 23 - - * “ - _ ~ ~ “ - • ” * “ ~ ~ ” • “ _ “ “ ~ " 110 63 2. 9 9 2. 8 6 9 9 2 2 8 1 3 3 6 6 21 13 14 12 1 1 11 7 6 " 7 5 16 2 4 2 - - - 2 " “ “ 27 22 3 .04 2.99 - 7 7 - “ 1 1 “ - 2 2 8 6 2 “ ~ “ ~ “ “ 7 6 “ ~ ~ “ “ ~ ~ 92 47 - 6 3 3 3 8 4 4 4 4 37 34 35 32 3 - 24 2 “ 2 6 - - 4 4 4 4 4 3 45 127 2.89 2.71 2.79 2.71 3.35 2 2 2 22 2 11 2 79 399 379 452 3 .27 2.95 2. 9 7 3. 18 32 60 54 62 11 11 27 27 19 23 23 15 4 49 43 15 16 27 1,598 494 3.00 3. 0 2 3.01 3.06 2 .96 3.19 3 .27 2.70 223 71 24 41 3 78 43 27 14 14 3 3 121 122 P R O D U C T I O N W O R K E R S 2 . . * . ....... 1 4 , 8 6 5 2,940 h e n ......... ..................... W O M E N ............................ 1 1 , 9 2 5 SELECTED Average hourly earnmgs OCCUPATIONS KNITTING A D J U STERS AND FIXERS, KNITTING MACHINES3 . . i ...... ....... S E A M L E S S , F U L L - OR K N E E - L E N G T H . C O L L E C T I O N - S Y S T E M I N S P E C T O R S 1 .... W O M E N ............................ C O L L E C T I O N - S Y S T E M O P E R A T O R S 3 ..... M E N .............. ................ W O M E N ................. ........... KNITTERS, WOMEN'S SEAMLESS H O S I E R Y , T W O - F E E D . . . .............. W O M E N ............................ KNITTERS, WOHENtS SEAMLESS H O S I E R Y , F O U R - F E E D 3 . . . . .......... W O M E N ............................ KNITTERS, WOMEN'S SEAMLESS H O S I E R Y , EIG H T - F E E D . ' .............. T I M E . . ......................... W O M E N .................. * . . i ........................... T I M E ........................................................... K N I T T E R S , A U T O M A T I C 6 7. ............................. BOARDING AN! PREBOARDING B O A R D E R S , A U T O M A T I C 6 7. ............................. BOARDERS, O T HER THAN A U T O M A T I C 6. . W O M E N .............................................................. P R E B O A R D E R S 6 7....................................................... MISCELLANEOUS S E A M E R S , T O E 6 .7. . . . ........................................ EXAMINERS (HOSIERY INSPECTORS)5 6 7 . G R E Y (GREIGE) E X A M I N E R S ......... f i n i s h e d e x a m i n e r s ............... D Y E I N G - M A C H I N E T E N D E R S 3 4.......... M E N D E R S , H A N D , F I N I S H 7 ............. I N C E N T I V E .................... M E N D E R S , H A N D , G R E Y 7 ............... T I M E ........................... P A I R E R S 5 6 7 ................. *......... S T O C K I N G S ........................... OTHER (INCLUDING COMBINATION O F A B O V E ) .............. ........... See footnotes at end of table, 66 9 2 2 296 78 3.04 3.03 78 9 7 3 25 10 15 28 3 7 5 14 7 3. 0 7 45 2 2 202 2 64 250 57 48 12 10 2 .68 10 10 2 18 4 6 - 3 - - ~ - ~ - - - - - - - - 13 15 8 4 18 5 14 9 9 25 14 11 9 13 8 6 6 2 2 2 2 5 15 15 3 8 8 16 14 14 44 13 10 10 22 17 5 2 86 10 93 19 6 48 27 14 13 4 “ 28 3 3 33 1 9 45 15 9 4 5 11 2 13 7 20 10 30 30 19 29 20 31 29 38 15 23 23 18 19 33 33 30 35 15 16 37 4 82 25 14 9 25 3 111 44 118 24 20 22 2 87 31 13 16 3 “ ~ 98 18 7 11 16 2 1 1 21 128 44 14 26 18 “ ** ~ 2 1 5 5 9 23 13 7 10 2 10 1 7 9 4 7 2 1 ~ - 16 8 8 • 3 21 21 18 23 - - 21 13 4 3 4 - 18 11 9 - 15 8 22 25 39 6 2 65 25 15 22 4 4 3 3 10 1 1 11 11 4 4 4 2 9 4 12 2 10 2 11 3 6 6 2 3 3 - * * — ~ • " 1 - 9 8 1 ~ “ * ~ “ — 15 2 3 10 2 “ 3 1 ** “ ~ “ ~ “ ~ 2 1 ~ ~ ~ “ ~ “ 3 7 1 1 2 1 2 2 “ 5 “ 7 • 2 2 5 3 2 2 ** - ~ " , - 2 2 1 2 • ~ " — * - ~ “ - “ ■ “ — ** “ ~ “ ” “ “ 2 11 2 13 6 15 4 6 16 9 3 8 7 5 5 6 - ~ ~ Table 8. W om en 's hosiery mills: Occupational earnings—North Carolina—Continued 1 (N u m ber and a v e r a g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs o f production w orkers in selected occupations, July 1976) Occupation and sex Num ber of w o rk ers NUMBER OF RORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT- TIME HOURLY EARNINGS (IN DOLLARS) OF— A ver age 2 .3 f) 2.40 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2.7 0 2 .8 0 2.90 3.0 0 3. 10 3.2 0 3.30 3.40 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4.2 0 4.4 0 4.60 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 3750 5.40 5 .6 0 5.8 0 hourly AND AND ea rn OVER UNDER ings 2 . 40 2.50 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3. 10 3.2 0 3.30 3.40 3 f 5Q 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 4^00 iU 20 4 .4 0 4.6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5.2 0 5 .4 0 5.60 5 .8 0 SELECTED PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS— CONTINUED MISCELLANEOUS— CONTINUED TRANSFEREEACHINE OPERATORS7 • • • • . . . . IN C E N T IV E ....... .............................. SEHING-MACHINE OPERATORS LEG BLANK SEHERS................................... ELASTIC SEHERS OTHER (INCLUDING COMBINATION OF ABOVE)......... ............ REPAIRERS, SEHING MACfliME ....... FOLDERS AND BOXERS ............................. 67 1 E xclu des 34 48 39 52.67 2.69 18 16 1,691* 1,307 195 3 .0 5 3.0 6 3.0 1 302 245 28 192 66 1,962 3 .0 2 3. 2.9 2 88 8 2 101 7 7 1 1 77 13 86 59 12 89 63 13 11 15 13 414 H123 95 164 29 84 67 6 11 163 3 3 99 76 14 1 1 101 78 16 9 7 132 98 n O 3 79 63 14 2i 142 p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts. T h ese s u rv eys, based on a re p re s e n ta tiv e sam ple of establishm ents, are designed to m easure the le v e l o f occupational earn in gs at a p a rtic u la r tim e. Thus, com parisons made with previous studies m ay not r e fle c t expected w a ge m ovem en ts becau se o f change in the sample com position, and shifts in e m p lo y m ent among establish m ents with d iffe re n t pay le v e ls . Such shifts, fo r exam ple, could d e c rea se an occupational a v e ra g e , even though m ost establishm ents in creased w ages between period s being com pared. 1 111 106 84 81 12 10 13 •a 98 17 1 107 i 1 2 2 82 54 94 57 44 45 35 55 41 16 5 71 16 u 60 7 3 53 9 3 59 4 9 44 68 12 10 6 1 10 77 59 10 8 10 60 1 2 2 48 36 7 26 25 5 9 35 1 2 13 20 20 15 14 13 13 1 5 10 10 5 5 1 4 2 2 2 2 - - - - * 1 6 ___ I 2 S ixty-fou r percen t o f the production w ork ers co vered by the su rvey w e re paid on b asis. 3 A ll o r v irtu a lly all a re tim ew o rk e rs. 4 A ll o r v irtu a lly a ll w o rk ers are men. 5 Includes data fo r w o rk e rs in cla s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown separately. 6 A ll o r v irtu a lly all a re in cen tive w o rk e rs . 7 A ll o r v irtu a lly a ll w o rk ers a re wom en. * an incentive Tab le 9 . W om en 's hosiery mills: Occupational earnings—Tennessee (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of production workers in selected occupations, July 1976) BOMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS (IN DOLLARS) OF— ber age h ourly 2 .3 0 2.40 2 .5 0 2.60 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 ' 3 .0 0 3.1 0 3.20 3.3 0 3.40 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 3 .9 0 4 .0 0 4.1 0 4.20 4 .3 0 4 .4 0 4 .5 0 4 .6 0 4 .7 0 4 .8 0 of AND AND wo rk- earn OVER e rs ings DHDER 2 .4 0 2.50 2.6 0 2.70 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3.0 0 3 .1 0 3.2 0 3.30 3.4 0 3,50 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 3 .9 0 4 .0 0 4 .1 0 4.2G 4.30 4.4C 4.5 0 4 .6 0 4.7 0 4 .8 0 Occupation and sex 2 ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS .................... HEN................................. ................... WOMEN. .............................................. 3 .1 7 5 625 2,5 50 S 3.04 3 .5 4 2 .9 2 389 19 370 224 37 187 204 178 4 .2 5 4.31 - - • 197 169 27 23 2.90 3 .0 0 2 .8 5 2 .7 5 38 32 _ 557 19 206 3 .0 6 4 .0 0 2 .8 2 51 49 201 36 165 239 7 232 236 46 190 ~ - 1 1 1 1 18 7 14 6 6 3 11 _ 11 6 8 _ 158 25 133 198 31 167 200 30 170 306 24 282 129 4 125 1 1 - 3 3 12 21 15 29 177 183 65 171 118 6 66 68 20 14 52 44 4 40 9 9 1 1 6 6 5 4 7 5 4 48 80 47 33 36 12 10 18 24 3 7 6 12 6 6 2 1 2 2 _ _ _ _ 50 44 6 21 16 5 9 3 6 10 8 2 105 104 - 96 96 1 3 15 14 3 1 - - SELECTED PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS KNITTING ADJUSTERS AND FIXERS. KNITTING MACHINES ..............* .......................... SEAMLESS. FULL- OR KNEE-LENGTH. 345 MISCELLANEOUS SEAMERS, TOE‘ 7................... ................... EXAMINERS (HOSIERY INSPECTORS)67. . DYEING-MACHINE TENDERS .................... T I M E . . . ........................................ SEWING-MACHINE OPERATORS (PANTY HOSE) LEG BLANK SEWERS ......................... REPAIRERS, SEWING MACHINE ..... FOLDERS AND BOXERS* 7. ......................... 4 67 1 34 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e These su rveys, based on a re p res en ta tive sam ple le v e l o f occupational earnings at a p a rtic u la r tim e. m ay not r e fle c t expected w age m ovem ents because in em ploym ent am ong establishm ents with d ifferen t c re a s e an occupational a vera g e, even though m ost being com pared. 14 5 5 5 1 1 30 24 20 10 - 57 13 22 8 - 29 1 15 - 17 13 - _ 27 • 13 3 3 1 _ 42 66_ 16 16 1 16 12 1 53 _ 13 2 3 4 5 7 1 1 13 4 4 - 6 - 6 _ 3 56 _ 8 39 14 2 1 5 4 2 3 36 36 - 2 - 2 ~ 24 1 9 14 1 1 14 1 16 4 6 3 3 8 2 8 - - 1 2 1 4 8 2 3 2 2 - *9 - - - and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. S ixty-th ree percen t o f the production w o rk ers co vered by the su rvey w e re paid on an incen o f establishm ents, are designed to m easure the tiv e basis. Thus, com parisions made w ith previous studies A l l o r v ir tu a lly a ll a re tim e w o rk e rs . o f change in the sample com position, and shifts A ll o r v ir tu a lly a ll w o rk e rs a re men. pay le v e ls . Such shifts, fo r exam ple, could de Includes data fo r w o rk ers in cla ssifica tio n in addition to those shown, sep arately. establishm ents increased w ages between p eriod s ' A l l o r v ir tu a lly a ll a re incentive w o rk ers. A l l o r v ir tu a lly a ll w o rk e rs a re women. Table 10. W om en 's hosiery mills: Occupational e a rn in g s -H ic k o ry —S tatesville, N .C .1 (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings2 of production workers in selected occupations, July 1976) Num A v e r b er age hourly of AND w o rk earn UNDER ings ers 2 .4 0 2.50 Occupation and sex ALL PBODUCTION WORKERS-................... MEN..................................................... WOMEN................................................. 2,0 70 381 1,689 $3.09 3.52 2.99 206 163 3 .9 3 3.8 0 309 56 52 18 19 3.0 6 3.3 7 3 .3 2 3 .3 6 3.4 0 263 231 18 9 3.1 7 3 .1 6 3. 16 3.61 28 26 2 04 7 197 238 26 212 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS >.50 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2790":3.00 3725";*.3 6 3.4 6 3FT55" 3 .6 0 (IN DOLLARS) OF— J7w: >.60 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 121 14 107 119 11 108 140 30 3.0 0 :3.10 110 104 7 97 106 9 97 143 18 125 1 1 ~ ~ 4 4 40 27 24 ~ ~ - 13 10 10 3.2 0 ;3.30 ;3.40 3.5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 116 5 111 115 78 95 70 13 13 3 3 20 8 87 14 73 72 4.2 0 4.5 0 79 43 36 33 23 52 13 13 39 39 22 11 9 5 20 5.00 AND OVER 10 SELECTED PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS KNITTING ADJUSTERS AND FIXERS, KNITTING MACHINES4—5— ...................... „ ................. SEAMLESS, FULL- OR KNEE-LENGTH. MISCELLANEOUS SEAMERS, TOE ®............. ................... * * , EXAMINERS (HOSIERY INSPECTORS A . GREY (GREIGE) EXAM INERS............. DYEING-MACHINE TENDERS .................... MEN.................................................... SEWING-MACHINE OPERATORS (PANTY HOSE « . . . .......................... LEG BLANK SEWERS............................... ELASTIC SEWERS.............................• REPAIRERS, SEWING MACHINE ......... 7 )67 4 )6 7 45 20 26 2 2 “ 2 13 11 2 26 4 4 3 3 12 12 - 8 1 1 6 5 14 13 ~ 8 8 11 “ 1 1 “ 10 10 15 14 1 1 20 1 1 . “ 20 14 2 * 16 2 2 - 19 18 1 3 4 5 6 7 6 21 12 1 1 1 - - 11 21 9 15 2 “ 1 8 8 4 4 6 6 1 - _ 1 1 6 6 2 12 'The H ick o ry—S ta te s v ille a rea consists o f Burke, Caldw ell, Catawba, and Ir e d e l l counties. S ix ty -fiv e percen t o f production w o rk e rs c o vered by the su rvey w ere paid on an incentive E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. i. .These su rveys, based on a re p res en ta tive sample o f establishm ents, a re designed to m easu re the A l l o r v ir tu a lly a ll a r e tim e w o rk e rs . le v e l o f occupational earn in gs at a p a rticu la r tim e. Thus, com parisons m ade w ith previou s studies A l l o r v ir tu a lly a ll w o rk e rs a re men. m a y not r e fle c t expected w age m ovem ents because of change in the sam ple com position, and shifts Includes data fo r w o rk e rs in cla s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown separately. in em ploym en t among establish m ents with differen t pay leve ls. Such shifts, fo r exam ple, could de # A l l o r v ir tu a lly a ll a re in cen tive w o rk e rs . c re a s e an occupational a vera g e, even though m ost establishm ents in crea se d w ages between p eriod s A l l o r v ir tu a lly a ll w o r k e r s a re wom en. being com pared. 2 T ab le 11. W o m en 's hosiery mills: Occupational earnings— W in sto n -S alem -H ig h Point, N.C.1 ( N u m b e r a n d a v erage straight-time hourly earnings2 of production w o r k e r s in selected occupations, NUMBER OF WC)RKER£> RECEIVING STRAIGHT -TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS 10 ;3.20 3.10 3.20 ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS3 . * . . .............. MEN..................................................... W O M E N ...,.............. * .................: . . :?f 30 872 39 833 331 30 301 282 44 238 353 78 275 342 87 255 465 93 372 597 130 467 471 89 382 329 42 287 403 93 310 _ 27 _ 2 3 3 10 3 3 4 15 15 - 2 2 - 11 10 23 V n 8 8 35 27 8 17 17 33 1I n 4 4 5 1 7 2 5 . 7 15 4 12 3 9 7 8 2 6 7 11 4 59 6 4 3 9 20 14 29 15 3 . 10 3 .1 0 3 .0 7 3 .0 9 3 .5 8 2 .7 7 3 .0 2 97 37 10 _ _ _ 77 21 17 10 . 36 8 3 42 13 7 10 10 38 17 5 3 44 9 23 52 21 2 14 47 15 5 3 - 4 1 2 - - 1 2 6 3 5 32 17 9 4 3 18 8 4 14 9 11 3 .0 7 45 7 1 1 3 _ - 8 10 8 2 7 7 7 2 .6 8 2 6 2 2 2 1 1 5 3 3 18 15 19 26 15 11 11 44 35 43 36 6 - 6 6 6 ,8 7 7 1,5 03 5 ,3 7 4 $3. 16 3 .4 9 3 .0 6 484 455 200 127 4. 14 4.1 3 3.0 6 • 2 191 52 3.29 3.17 27 327 3.2 2 SEAMERS, TOE7 8. . V. ............................... 705 EXAMINERS (HOSIERY INSPECTORS)6 7A . . 246 GREY (GREIGE) EXAMINERS................ 82 DYEING-MACHINE TENDERS4 5 ................ 130 MENDERS, HAND, F IN IS H 8...................... 35 MENDERS, HAND, GREY8* ......................... 7 PAIRERS7- 8, . . . . . . . ................................... 258 OTHER (INCLUDING COMBINATION OF ABOVE) ............................................ 147 TRANSFER-MACHINE OPERATORS8............ 34 INCENTIVE................................... 28 SEWING-MACHINE OPERATORS (PANTY HOSE)6 7 *................................... 776 LEG BLANK S E W E R S ..;........................ ! 592 ELASTIC SEWERS.......................... 90 OTHER (INCLUDING COMBINATION OF A B O V E ) . . . . ....... 94 REPAIRERS, SEWING MACHINE 4 8 ....... 34 FOLDERS AND BOXERS 7 8- . « ............... 641 (IN DOLLARS) i •3 .30 3.40 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3.8 0 3 .9 0 4 .0 0 4.1 0 •3 .40 :3.50 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 3 .9 0 4 .0 0 4.1 0 4 .2 0 288 298 74 39 214 259 1 0 A ver- h ourly 2 .3 0 2.40 2 .5 0 2.60 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2.90 3 .0 0 :3. of AM1) w ork- earnings JNDER ers 2 .4 0 2.50 2.6 0 2.70 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3.0 0 : i NumOccupation and sex July 1976) 4.20 4 .3 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5.2 0 AND OVER 4.30 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5.2 0 314 107 207 215 56 159 190 29 161 180 37 143 145 44 101 118 37 81 92 29 63 118 81 37 12 12 - 16 16 61 38 23 48 47 - 9 9 - 12 11 - 27 27 - 19 18 _ 22 16 _ 60 53 - 4 10 2 8 4 8 3 8 - 9 _ 2 2 8 1 7 3 1 9 18 12 21 9 22 23 23 12 5 10 54 10 3 16 41 5 1 43 56 14 3 17 1 - 28 9 8 _ 17 8 1 _ 1 2 - - 3 21 4 2 3 17 8 3 - 18 12 5 - 1 - - 9 19 10 9 11 11 5 4 6 3 5 2 4 5 9 4 7 2 7 11 4 _ - 2 3 . _ - _ 3 _ _ 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ 19 14 4 10 12 12 11 11 9 9 3 _ _ _ - 4 1 56 8 116 35 81 66 T5 51 185 152 33 40 31 9 18 12 7 4 150 150 13 12 3 4 3 2 8 2 2 2 6 1 8 8 5 3 2 2 1 1 9 7 1 2 4 - 2 2 _ 2 2 _ 7 5 _ _ _ 5 3 n« 11 4 7 SELECTED PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS KNITTING ADJUSTERS AND FIX E R S , KNITTING MACHINES4 5 i ......................................... SEAMLESS, FULL- OR KNEE-LENGTH. COLLECTION-SYSTEM OPERATORS4 ......... MEN......... .......... ................................ WOMEN................................. - ............ ■71 0 Zf 01 94 i/ n 7 2 2 _ 23 26 5 1 _ BOARDING AND PREBOARDING BOARDERS, AUTOMATIC7 8 ...................... BOARDERS, OTHER THAN AUTOMATIC7 8. . PREEOARDERS: WOMEN7 ........................................ 2 - - MISCELLANEOUS 2 .7 5 3.21 3 .2 2 3 . 16 3 .1 9 4. 10 3.0 7 123 100 12 _ 2 10 2 37 28 7 - - - 3 _ 2 - - - 46 30 44 27 35 23 21 22 15 17 5 44 32 5 33 26 6 - 8 3 2 - - - - - - 59 45 7 71 56 6 - 2 5 9 7 5 2 _ 8 1 2 11 1 7 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 1 - 6 1 5 - 50 42 32 23 42 31 31 30 25 25 26 25 9 4 11 2 4 - 28 36 3 3 1 - 10 2 12 _ 25 13 13 1 4 - 3 1 2 T h e Winston— S a l e m — High Point area consists of Al a m a n c e , Davidson, Forsyth,Guilford, Randolph, and S urry counties. 2 Excludes p r e m i u m p a y for overt i m e a nd form w o r k on weekends, holidays, a nd late shifts. These surveys, bas e d on a representative s a m p l e of establishments, are designed to m e a s u r e the level of occupational earnings at a particular time. Thus, c o m parisons m a d e with previous studies m a y not reflect expected w a g e m o v e m e n t s because of change in the sample composition, a nd shifts in e m p l o y m e n t a m o n g establishments with different pay levels. Such shifts, for example, could de crease an occupational average, even though m o s t establishments increased w a g e s between periods being c o m p a r e d . 7 9 3 Sixty percent 7 of 7 the 4 3 production w o r k e r s 1 6 3 1 _ _ _ 3 2 2 _ covered by the survey w e r e paid on an incentive basis. 4 5 6 7 8 _ _ 114 5 _ _ All or virtually all are timeworkers. All or virtually all w o r k e r s are m e n . Includes data for w o r k e r s in classification in addition to those s h o w n separately. All or virtually all are incentive workers. All or virtually all w o r k e r s are w o m e n . T a b le 1 2 . W o m e n ’ s h o s ie r y : M e th o d of w age paym ent (Percent of production workers by method of wage payment,1 United States, Southeast, selected States, and areas, July 1976) United States2 Areas States Region Method of wage payment Southeast North Carolina Tennessee Hickory-Statesville Winston-SalemHigh Point All workers.............................................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 Time-rated workers....................................................................... Formal plans............................................................................ Single rate.... Range of rates Individual rates 37 20 2 18 17 37 20 2 18 17 36 17 3 14 19 37 29 29 9 35 10 10 25 40 20 20 20 Incentive workers......................................................................... Individual piecework ................................................................ Group piecework....................................................................... Individual bonus...................................................................... 63 62 (3) ~ 63 63 (s) — 64 63 H 63 62 (3) 65 65 - 60 60 (3) 1 For definition of method of wage payment, see appendix A. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. " " 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 . . . . NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals T a b le 1 3 . W o m e n ’s h o s ie r y : S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u rs (Percent of production workers by scheduled weekly hours,1 United States, Southeast, selected States, and areas, July 1976) Region Weekly hours United States2 Southeast North Carolina Tennessee Hickory-Statesville 100 100 All workers.............................................................................. 100 100 100 30 hours....................................................................................... 32 hours....................................................................................... 40 hours....................................................................................... 5 1 93 6 1 93 9 2 89 1 Data relate to the predominant schedule for full-time day-shift workers in each establishment. Areas States Winston-SalemHigh Point 100 31 100 69 5 95 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100 T a b l e 1 4 . W o m e n ’s h o s ie r y : S h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l p r o v is io n s (Percent of production workers by shift differential provisions,1 United States, Southeast, selected States, and areas, July 1976) Region Shift differential United States2 Areas States Southeast North Carolina Tennessee 90.8 33.8 18.6 3.8 8.7 6.1 13.4 4.1 9.4 1.8 90.0 32.0 15.2 4.2 5.0 6.0 14.7 4.4 10.3 2.0 88.5 32.5 13.7 1.8 3.2 8.7 15.9 .9 15.0 2.9 85.9 86.2 32.5 19.6 1.1 4.2 6.9 2.0 5.5 10.6 .7 .5 9.4 2.3 85.9 29.8 16.4 1.2 4.0 3.0 2.2 6.0 10.9 .6 10.3 2.5 86.2 34.9 15.4 1.7 1.8 77.8 - Hickory-Statesville Winston-SalemHigh Point 100.0 58.6 31.4 84.9 32.4 Second shift Workers in establishments with second-shift provisions............................................................... With shift differential............................................................... Uniform ants per hour........................................................ 5 cents ............................................................................. 10 cents ... 25 cents ... Uniform percentage 5 percent. Over 5 and under 10 percent.......................................... Other formal paid differential ............................................. - - - - - - 31.4 6.2 6.2 - 21.0 - 32.4 32.4 - Third or other late shift Workers in establishments with thirdor other late shift provisions With shift differential. Uniform cents per hour 5 cents .............. 10 cents ....................................................................... 15 cents ........................................................................... 20 cents ... 25 cents ... Uniform percentage 5 percent. 10 percent Over 10 and under 15 percent........................................ Other formal paid differential ............................................. 1 Refers to policies of establishments currently operating late shifts or having provisions covering late shifts. - 3.2 8.7 15.9 .9 15.0 3.7 - - 88.6 36.1 3.6 3.6 - - - - - - - - - - 31.4 6.2 6.2 32.4 - - 80.0 50.3 31.4 - 12.8 - - 32.4 - 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately, NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. T a b le 1 5 . W o m e n ’ s h o s ie r y . S h ift d if f e r e n t i a l p r a c t ic e s (Percent of production workers in employed on late shifts by amount of pay differential, United States, Southeast, selected States, and areas, July 1976) States Region Shift differential United States1 Areas Hickory—States ville Winston-SalemHigh Point 17.2 13.8 9.6 11.4 5.2 - - - - - - - - 5.2 - 5.4 2.7 .2 .2 Southeast North Carolina Tennessee 13.6 5.5 3.3 .2 1.4 1.8 1.9 .3 1.5 .3 13.4 5.5 3.1 .2 1.0 1.8 2.0 .4 1.7 .3 12.8 6.1 3.1 .1 .3 2.7 2.5 .1 2.4 .5 13.8 - - 9.6 .6 .6 3.6 5.1 1.9 .8 .1 .1 .3 .1 .2 .8 .1 (2) .7 .3 5.1 1.8 .6 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .8 5.0 2.3 .7 .1 .1 6.1 - 4.5 2.9 1.2 - _ _ _ - _ _ _ .2 .3 1.2 - - _ _ 1.2 .5 _ - 2.4 - - - - - (2) .8 .3 .1 1.1 .4 - Second shift Workers employed on second shift.............................................. Receiving differential............................................................... Uniform cents per hour........................................................ 5 cents .... 10 cents .. 25 cents .. Uniform percentage 5 percent. Over 5 and under 10 percent......................................... Other formal paid differential ............................................. - - - 5.2 Third or other late shift Workers employed on third or other late shift..................................................................... Receiving differential............................................................... Uniform cents per hour........................................................ 5 cents ............................................................................. 10 cents ........................................................................... 15 cents .. 20 cents .. 25 cents .. Uniform percentage.............................................................. 5 percent.......................................................................... 10 percent ........................................................................ Over 10 and under 15 percent....................................... Other formal paic[ differential ............................................. 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Less than 0.05 percent. .5 - - - 1.2 - 2.4 - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. T a b le 1 6 . W o m e n ’ s h o s ie r y . P a id h o lid a y s (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States, Southeast, selected States, and areas, July 1976) Region Number of paid holidays United States1 States Areas Southeast North Carolina Tennessee Hickory—States ville Winston-SalemHigh Point All workers.............................................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 Workers in establishments providing paid holidays.............................................................. 1 day........................................................................................... 2 days 3 days 4 days 5 days 6 days 7 days 8 days .......................................................................................... 71 1 3 11 2 21 27 6 (2) 68 1 4 11 2 21 26 3 57 1 5 16 2 8 19 5 _ 86 43 42 - 38 38 - 53 12 7 2 32 - 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Less than 0,5 percent. NOTE - Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. T a b le 1 7 . W o m e n ’ s h o s ie r y : P a id v a c a t io n s (Percent of production woriiers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States, Southeast, selected States, and areas, July 1976) Vacation policy Urn nitnH U 160 States' States Region Areas Southeast North Carolina Tennessee Hickory—States ville Winston-SalemHigh Point All workers.............................................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 Method of payment Workers in establishments providing paid vacations........................................................... length-of-time payment............................................................ Percentage payment................................................................. 95 16 79 95 12 82 96 8 88 100 6 94 88 6 82 94 15 79 6 83 5 1 6 82 5 1 9 77 8 2 100 - 75 13 4 74 16 - 6 66 5 18 6 65 6 17 9 57 8 21 100 - 69 6 13 4 41 16 32 6 53 5 31 6 56 6 27 9 52 8 26 100 - 69 6 13 4 41 16 32 6 24 5 58 3 6 26 5 55 3 9 32 8 47 - 24 56 20 54 34 - 4 18 16 55 - 6 22 5 28 5 30 6 23 5 28 4 27 9 32 8 20 2 25 10 71 20 - 54 _ 15 13 6 4 18 16 23 _ 32 6 22 5 16 4 42 6 23 5 16 3 41 9 32 8 14 33 10 14 20 56 - 54 15 19 4 18 16 21 _ 34 6 22 5 16 4 6 23 5 16 3 9 32 8 14 - 10 _ 14 20 54 _ 15 - 4 18 16 21 - Amount of vacation pay2 After 1 year of service: Under 1 week........................................................................... 1 week...................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks..................................................... 2 weeks .................................................................................... After 2 years of service: Under 1 week ........................................................................... 1 week...................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks..................................................... 2 weeks .................................................................................... After 3 years of service: Under 1 week........................................................................... 1 week...................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks..................................................... 2 weeks .................................................................................... After 5 years of service: Under 1 week........................................................................... 1 week...................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks..................................................... 2 weeks .................................................................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks..................................................... After 10 years of service: Under 1 week........................................................................... 1 week...................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks..................................................... 2 weeks .................................................................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks..................................................... 3 weeks .................................................................................... After 15 years of service: Under 1 week........................................................................... 1 week...................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks..................................................... 2 weeks .................................................................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks..................................................... 3 weeks .................................................................................... After 20 years of servicer1 Under 1 week ........................................................................... 1 week......................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ....................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks..................................................... See footnotes at end of table. T a b le 1 7 . W o m e n ’ s h o s ie r y : P a id v a c a t io n s — C o n t in u e d (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States, Southeast, selected States, and areas, July 1976) Vacation policy to CO IinitoH umieo States' Areas States Region Southeast North Carolina Tennessee Hickory-Statesville Winston-SalemHigh Point 25 16 14 19 56 _ 19 - 2 32 Amount of vacation pay2—Continued After 20 years of servicer1* 3 weeks .................................................................................... 4 weeks.................................................................................... 25 17 ' Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Vacation payments, such as percent of annual earnings, were converted to an equivalent time basis. Periods of service were chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes indicated at 10 years may include changes that occurred between 5 and 10 years. •* Vacation provisions we>e virtually the same after longer periods of service. NOTF. Bec ause of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. T a b le 18 . W o m e n ’s h o s ie r y : H e a lth , in s u ra n c e , and re tir e m e n t p la n s (Percent of production workers in establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,1 United States, Southeast, selected States, and areas, July 1976) All workers.......................................... ro Workers in establishments providing: Life insurance........................................ Noncontributory plans ............................. Accidental death and dismemberment insurance............................. Noncontributory plans............................... Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both3 ........................... Sickness and accident insurance .................... Noncontributory plans ............................. Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period)................................. Long-term disability insurance.......................... Noncontributory plans ............................. ............................ Hospitalization insurance Noncontributory plans............................... Surgical insurance.................................... Noncontributory plans............................... Medical insurance ................................ Noncontributory plans ............................. Major medical insurance ............................ Noncontributory plans ........................... ...................................... Pensions ....................... Noncontributory plans No plans .................................. United States2 Areas States Region Type of plan Southeast North Carolina Tennessee Hickory-Statesville Winston-SalemHigh Point 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 67 96 67 95 71 100 100 100 80 58 76 52 28 54 30 42 24 86 66 88 58 18 3 48 46 38 46 44 38 47 43 34 76 76 76 61 61 31 41 41 34 - - 100 2 2 2 2 _ _ 99 55 99 55 91 49 85 43 44 44 99 53 99 53 90 47 84 41 42 42 _ _ 99 52 99 52 100 - 88 86 46 39 39 39 57 78 48 76 76 92 50 92 50 77 50 77 50 19 19 _ _ _ 86 (4) 1 Includes those plans for which the employer pays at least part of the cost and excludes legally required plans such as workers’ compensation and social security; however, plans required by State temporary disability laws are included if the employer contributes more than is legally required or the employees receive benefits in excess of legal requirements. “Noncontributory plans” include only those plans financed entirely by the employer. 3 _ _ 71 100 71 53 100 53 94 51 93 39 39 39 - 2 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Unduplicated total of workers receiving sickness and accident insurance and sick leave shown separately. * Less than 0 5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. T a b le 19. W o m e n ’s h o s ie r y : O th er s e le c t e d b e n e fit s (Percent of production workers in establishments with funeral leave pay, jury duty pay, and technological severance pay, 1 United States, Southeast, selected States, and areas, July 1976) Region Type of benefit States United States2 Areas Hickory— States ville Winston-SalemHigh Point Southeast North Carolina Tennessee 13 53 5 42 60 12 86 38 37 - - - Workers in establishments with provisions for: Funeral leave.......................................... Jury duty leave......................................... Technological severance pay.............................. 1 For definition of items, see appendix A. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 17 55 1 1 NOTE 2 Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. P a r t II. H o s i e r y M i l l s , Average hourly earnings E x c e p t W o m e n ' s ($2.97), and folders and boxers ($2.96). Tables 26-29 show that occupational pay levels also varied by location. Occupational averages generally were higher in metro politan areas than in smaller communities (table 23). The earnings edge for larger communities ranged from 2 percent for automatic knitters, string knitters, and toe seamers to 38 percent for preboarders. Among jobs permitting compar ison, workers in mills with at least 250 workers typically held wage advantages ranging between 3 and 19 percent over their counterparts in mills with 100 to 249 workers; and between 4 and 30 percent over workers in mills with 20 to 99 workers (table 24). Within the same occupation, workers paid on an incen tive basis nearly always had higher average earnings than those paid time rates (table 25). Nationally, the earnings advantage for incentive workers varied widely, ranging from 6 percent for boarders— other than automatic to 21 percent for both string knitters and pairers. The 23,913 production and related workers in hosiery mills, except women’s, averaged $3.05 an hour in July 1976 (table 20). Workers in the Middle Atlantic and South east regions— the only regions for which data could be published— averaged $3.26 and $3.03 an hour, respectively. Women made up just over three-fourths of the industry’s work force in July 1976. They averaged $2.92 an hour— 16 percent less than men, who averaged $3.48 an hour. The earnings disadvantage for women in the Middle Atlantic and Southeast was 18 and 16 percent, respectively. (See table 20 for earnings levels.) Most of the differences in aver age pay between men and women were attributable to dif ferences in the distribution of men and women among establishments and jobs with disparate pay levels. Nationally and in the Southeast region, production workers in metropolitan areas held a 3-percent wage advan tage over those in nonmetropolitan communities. On the national level, the hourly average for plants employing 250 workers or more was $3.17 at the time of the survey. This compares with the $3.02 average for middle-sized mills (100-249 workers) and $2.89 for smaller mills (20-99 workers). As noted earlier, mills with fewer than 20 workers were excluded from the study. Earnings of virtually all workers in hosiery mills, except women’s ranged from $2.30 to $5 an hour (table 21). Within the array, earnings for the middle 50 percent were between $2.53 and $3.42 an hour; for men, between $2.77 and $4.08 an hour; and for women, between $2.48 and $3.23 an hour. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Information was also obtained for production workers including work schedules, shift differential provisions and practices, and selected supplementary benefits such as paid holidays, vacations, and various health, insurance, and retirement plans. Scheduled weekly hours. Work schedules of 40 hours per week were in effect in mills employing nearly all of the production workers at the time of the survey (table 31). However, about one-tenth of the work force in the Middle Atlantic region was scheduled for less than 40 hours. Occupational earnings Shift differential provisions and practices. Mills with formal provisions for second shifts employed just over nine-tenths of the workers, and for third or other late shifts, about seven-eighths of the workers, in July 1976 (table 32). The proportion of workers actually employed on second shifts amounted to 15 percent and on third or other late shifts, 5 percent (table 33). Occupations selected to represent the various pay levels and activities of hosiery mills, except women’s accounted for nearly two-thirds of the production work force in July 1976. Nationwide, pay levels in this industry were usually highest among knitting department employees and sewing machine repairers, and lowest for hand grey menders. The average for knitting machine adjusters and fixers— the highest paid job studied— exceeded the average for hand grey menders, the lowest paid job, by 59 percent (table 22). Hourly averages for these two jobs were $4.08 and $2.57, respectively. Toe seamers— the most heavily populated job studied, with nearly 2,500 workers, averaged $2.97 an hour. Other numerically important jobs included: Auto matic knitters ($3.04), automatic boarders ($2.97), pairers Paid holidays. About one-half of the production work force in hosiery, except women’s was in mills granting paid holidays, commonly less than 6 days annually (table 34). Holiday provisions varied considerably by location. In the Middle Atlantic region, for example, such provisions ap plied to all production workers, compared with just over two-fifths in the Southeast region. 26 Paid vacations. Paid vacations, granted after qualifying periods of service, were provided by mills employing five-sixths of the production workers (table 35). Vacation payments for nearly two-thirds of the work force were based on a stipulated percentage of the employees’ annual earnings, which were converted to an equivalent time basis for the survey. The most common provisions in July 1976 were 1 week’s pay after 1 year of service and 2 weeks’ pay after 5 years of service. Although 2 weeks of vacation pay was the maximum provision after 5 years of service nationwide, the provisions varied slightly by geographic location. In the Middle Atlantic region, for example, slightly more than half of the workers were provided at least 3 weeks of vacation pay after 20 years of service. ization, and surgical insurance plans (table 36). Basic med ical insurance was provided to five-sixths of the workers. Accidental death and dismemberment insurance in addi tion to basic life insurance plans was provided to about three-fourths of the work force, as was major medical insurance. Approximately two-fifths of the workers were provided sickness and accident insurance. Plans providing for long-term disability were rarely found in the industry. Retirement plans (other than social security) were available to just over one-third of the production workers. Other selected benefits. Nationally, provisions for funeral leave pay applied to slightly more than one-eighth of the production work force; these provisions covered just over one-half of the workers in the Middle Atlantic region and less than one-tenth of the workers in the Southeast region (table 37). Establishments having formal plans for jury-duty leave pay employed about one-fourth of the work force nationwide. Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Slightly more than nine-tenths of the production workers were in establish ments providing at least part of the cost of life, hospital 27 T a b le 2 0 . H o s ie ry m ills , e x c e p t w o m e n 's : b y s e le c te d c h a ra c te ris tic s A v e ra g e hourly ea rn in g s T a b le 21. H o s ie ry m ills , e x c e p t w o m e n 's : E arn in g s d is trib u tio n (Percent distribution of production w o r k e r s b y straight-time hourly earnings 1 United States and selected regions, July 1976) ( N u m b e r and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of production w o r k e r s b y selected characteristics, United States and selected regions, July 1976) United States 2 United States1 2 Item Num ber of workers Middle Atlantic Southeast Aver Aver Num Num age age ber ber hourly hourly of of earn-. e arn workers workers ings ings Aver age hourly earn ings Hourly earnings N U M B E R OF W O R K E R S .................. A V E R A G E H O U R L Y E A R N I N G S .......... T O T A L ..... . ALL P R O D U C T I O N W O R K E R S ............... H E N .................................... W O M E N . . ............................... 23 , 9 1 3 5,6 7 1 18,242 $3.05 3.48 2. 9 2 S IZE O P C O M M U N I T Y : M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A S 3............... N O N M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A S ............. 9,534 14 , 3 7 9 3.11 3.01 SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENT: 2 0 - 9 9 W O R K E R S ....................... 1 0 0 - 2 4 9 W O R K E R S ..................... 2 5 0 W O R K E R S OR M O R E ............... 5,523 8,7 6 2 9,628 2.89 3.02 3 .17 1 Excludes p r e m i u m p a y for overtime a nd for w o r k on w e e k ends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those s h o w n separately. 3 Standard Metropolitan Statistical A r e a s 1,2 0 3 364 839 $3.26 3.73 3.05 - - - - - - - - ~ 2 1 ,246 4,960 16 , 2 8 6 $3.03 3.44 2.90 7,992 13 , 2 5 4 3.09 2.99 5,266 7 , 742 8 , 238 2.88 3.00 3.16 as defined by the U.S. Office of M a n a g e m e n t and Budget through F e b r u a r y 1974. N O T E : D a s h e s (-) indicate no data r e ported or data that do not m e e t publication criteria. U N D E R $ 2 . 3 0 ..... $ 2 . 3 0 AN D U N D E R $2.35 AN D U N D E R $ 2 . 4 0 A ND U N D E R $2.45 AND U N D E R $ 2 . 3 5 ............. $ 2 . 4 0 ............. $ 2 . 4 5 ............. $ 2 . 5 0 ............. All workers 1,203 $3. 2 6 21,246 $3.03 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 <*) 13.0 0.1 2.2 3.6 3.5 3. 2 3.5 2. 9 $3. 0 0 AND U N D E R $ 3 . 1 0 AND UN D ER $3.20 A ND U N D E R $3.30 AND UNDER $3.40 AND U N D E R $ 3 . 1 0 ............. $ 3 . 2 0 ............. $ 3 . 3 0 ............. $ 3 . 4 0 ............. $ 3 . 5 0 ............. 6.0 A ND U N D E R $ 3 . 6 0 ............. A N D UN DER $ 3 . 7 0 ............. A ND U N D E R $ 3 . 8 0 ............. A N D U N D E R $ 3 . 9 0 ............. AND U N D E R $ 4 . 0 0 ............. 3.1 2. 5 2.5 2.8 4. 6 3 .5 3.2 2.6 2.2 4.8 4 .4 3.5 3.1 2.0 1.8 4.4 .9 2.4 1.8 4.1 1.7 3.1 2.8 2.2 (*) 15.7 2.7 4.0 4.0 4.6 3.2 5.0 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.9 3.1 2.1 1.2 5 .0 4.0 3.9 3.0 3. 1 6.4 5.0 4.6 3.6 3.1 6.8 6.1 5.1 4.2 3.7 3 .0 4.9 4.5 3.5 3.1 4.4 2.9 3. 7 3.1 3.4 2.7 2.4 4.7 2 .7 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.4 2.5 1.9 1.4 2.6 1.8 5.6 3.3 3.0 1.1 2.1 .8 2.6 1.8 1.2 2.0 2.6 .5 .3 1.3 .9 .8 3.6 1.4 1.5 .7 .4 1.0 .7 2 .7 .5 .5 .9 .5 .3 .3 3.9 2.2 1.6 .2 .8 .2 .1 .2 .1 $5.00 1.5 5.1 .4 1 Excludes p r e m i u m p a y for overtime and for w o r k on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those s h o w n separately. 4.6 2.9 4.4 3.5 3.2 2.5 1.2 OVER.. 3.9 4.4 2.7 3.8 3.7 2.8 $4. 5 0 AND U N D E R $ 4 . 6 0 ............. $ 4 . 6 0 A N D U N D E R $ 4 . 7 0 ............. $4.70 A ND U N D E R $ 4 . 8 0 ............. $ 4 . 8 0 A N D U N D E R $ 4 . 9 0 ............. $4.90 AND U N D E R $ 5 . 0 0 ............. .5 .4 .3 4.6 1.7 (*) 13.5 2.3 3.7 3.6 6,6 2.1 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.4 1.3 .9 .9 _ 2.7 2 .5 2.7 3.2 1.9 2.4 1.7 1.4 U N D E R $ 4 . 1 0 ............. U N D E R $ 4 . 2 0 ............. U N D E R $ 4 . 3 0 ............. U N D E R $ 4 . 4 0 ............. U N D E R $ 4 . 5 0 ............. AND Southeast 18 , 2 4 2 $2.92 $ 2 . 7 5 AND U N D E R $ 2 . 8 0 ............. $ 2 . 8 0 A N D U N D E R $ 2 . 8 5 ............. $2.85 A N D U N D E R $ 2 . 9 0 ............. $2. 9 0 A N D U N D E R $ 2 . 9 5 ............. $2.95 AND U N D E R $ 3 . 0 0 ............. $4.00 AND $4.10 A N D $4.20 A N D $4.30 AND $4.40 AND Middle Atlantic 5 ,671 $3.48 4 .5 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 Women 23,913 $3.05 U N D E R $ 2 . 5 5 ............. U N D E R $ 2 . 6 0 ............. U N D E R $ 2 . 6 5 ............. U N D E R $ 2 . 7 0 ............. U N D E R $ 2 . 7 5 ............. $ 2 . 5 0 AN D $ 2 . 5 5 AN D $2.60 AND $ 2 . 6 5 AN D $2.70 AND Men .9 1.4 1.3 .9 .2 1.3 N O T E : B e c a u s e of rounding, s u m s of in dividual items m a y not equal 100. Asterisk (*) indicates less than 0.05 percent. T a b le 2 2 . H o s iery m ills , e x c e p t w o m e n 's : O c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s —ia ll m ills ( N u m b e r and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of w o r k e r s in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, July 1976) United States 2 Occupation and sex Number of workers Hourly earnings 3 Mean Median Southeast Middle Atlantic Middle range Number of workers Ho u r l y earnings 3 Mean Median Hourly earnings 3 Number of workers Middle range Mean Middle range Median KNITTING A D J U STERS AND FIXERS, KNITTING M A C H I N E S 4 5. ......................... S E A M L E S S , FUL L - OR K N E E - l E N G T H . .. S E A M L E S S , H A L F - H O S E ................ K N I T T E R S , A U T O M A T I C ................... M E N ................................ W O M E N .............................. K N I T T E R S , S T R I N G . . . ................... H E N .......................... . . .. . N O M E N .............................. B O A R D I N G A ND 2,1 2 9 42 1,7 1 5 2,392 128 2,264 744 52 692 $4.08 4.39 4.12 3.04 2,078 146 1,932 382 2.97 3.10 2.95 2.67 2.75 2.86 3.05 2.88 2. 57 2.91 $4.03 4.46 4.07 2.98 2.75 3 .00 2. 8 5 2. 50 2 .85 $3.70- $4.45 4.254.50 4. 4 9 3.752 . 66 - 3.31 2.503 .14 2 . 68 - 3.32 2.503.19 2.412.50 2.503 .20 99 $4. 5 1 - 95 179 - 179 - - 4. 5 3 3.41 3.41 - - - $4.79 4.79 3 .40 3.40 - $4.004.102.942.94- $4.98 4 .99 3.81 3.81 - - - 1,886 42 1,555 2 , 053 128 1,925 692 52 640 $4.04 4.39 4. 0 8 3 .02 $3.69- $4.40 4 .50 4.254. 44 3.753 .25 2.603. 14 2.503. 2 6 2.643. 14 2.472.50 2.413. 16 2.50- 3.03 2.87 2 .57 2. 8 9 $4.00 4.46 4.05 2.98 2.75 3.00 2.82 2.50 2.85 2.79 2.81 2.79 2.56 2.55 2.56 2.57 2.56 2.482.542 . 482.322.502.312.382.38- 3.29 3. 3 4 3. 2 9 2. 86 2.75 2.86 PREBOARDING B O A R D E R S , A U T O M A T I C ................... M E N ................................ W O M E N ................... .......... B O A R D E R S , O T H E R T H A N A U T O M A T I C ..... M E N ................................ W O M E N .............................. P R E B O A R D E R S ............................. M E N ................................. W O M E N .............................. 2. 8 2 362 150 2.66 2.88 20 130 3. 3 0 2.81 3. 1 4 2. 57 2.492.592.482.352.522.342.392.742.38- 2,468 812 674 126 507 64 94 1,502 1,3 6 4 268 2.97 2. 87 2.84 3.03 3.15 2.80 2.57 2. 97 2.99 2.92 2.85 2. 7 7 2.71 2.95 3 .01 2 . 60 2.55 2. 82 2.85 2.77 2. 502.452.442.532.752.452.402.432.432. 50- 107 38 174 162 153 1,178 94 2.88 3.94 2. 6 9 2.80 2.81 2.96 2.78 2.60 3.94 2.56 2.60 2.60 2. 85 2.60 38 2.70 2.60 20 2.88 2.81 2.56 2 .56 2. 5 6 2.68 3.31 3 .49 3.31 70 15 55 2.86 10 2.90 16 2.86 3 .14 3.44 3. 1 0 3.21 3.36 3.17 3.23 - - 3.98 3 .80 - 3.30 3 .16 3. 1 3 3.26 3.42 3.11 2. 7 0 3. 3 9 3.41 3 .17 60 67 55 - 3.39 2.98 2.92 - 2.443.512.352.392.352.532.32- 3.25 4.29 2. 9 9 3,11 3. 1 3 3.29 3.20 38 - 2.60- 2 .65 10 3. 17 3.25 3. 15 3.95 - 2.632.922.54- 3.36- 3.60 3.64 3.57 4 .43 - 1,934 122 2 .94 3.04 2. 9 4 2.64 2. 6 4 2. 6 4 2 .74 2.70 2.74 3.82 3.17 3.13 4.00 2.92 3. 2 9 2,283 699 605 94 460 54 55 1,396 1,305 243 2.94 2 .85 2.83 3.01 3.12 2.81 2-49 2 .98 2.99 2.94 2.83 2.73 2.69 2.93 3.00 2 .67 2.42 2.82 2.83 2.81 2.482.432.412.532.742 .372.402 ,432.422.50- 3. 26 3. 1 3 3. 13 3.13 3. 40 3.19 2.56 3 .40 3. 4 2 3. 18 62 32 174 2.91 3.88 2.69 2.98 3. 0 2 2 .98 2.72 2.71 3. 8 8 2.56 3.00 3.00 2.503 .482.3 5 2.502 .502 .562.3 0 - 3. 2 5 4. 13 2 .99 3. 36 3. 38 3. 29 3. 16 120 1,814 330 17 313 129 7 2.86 3.02 3. 02 MISCELLANEOUS6 1 Excludes p r e m i u m pay for overtime and for w o r k on weekends, holidays, a nd late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those s h o w n separately. 3 See appendix A for m e t h o d u sed to c o m p u t e m e a n s , medians, and middle ranges of rates. Me d i a n s and middle ranges w e r e not c o m p u t e d for occupations with fewer than 15 workers. 4 All or virtually all work e r s are m e n . 63 - 11 3.87 2.74 2.98 - ~ 3.28 2.99 2.90 4.00 2.71 2.88 - - 3.08 00 21 21 to S E A M E R S , T O E ........................... E X A M I N E R S (HOSIERY I N S P E C T O R S ) 5 .... G R E Y (GREIGE) E X A M I N E R S ........... F I N I S H E D E X A M I N E R S ................. D Y E I N G - M A C H I N E T E N D E R S 4.............. M E N D E R S , HAND, F I N I S H ................ M E N D E R S , HAND, G R E Y ................... P A I R E R S 5................................ S T O C K I N G S ............................. T R A N S F E R - M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R S , ...... . SEWING-MACHINE OPERATORS (PANTY H O S E ) .......................... R E P A I R E R S , S E W I N G M A C H I N E 4 .......... F O L D E R S .................................. B O X E R S ................................... W O M E N .............................. F O L D E R S AN D B O X E R S .................... B A G G E R S .............................. .. . A U T O M A T I C P A C K A G I N G iMACHINE O P E R A T O R ............................... 2 .55 - 2.702.702.673.5 1 2.552.51- 2.55~ 2. 9 4 ~ 100 91 1, 106 77 ” 2.86 2.50 ~ 5 Includes data for w o r k e r s in classifications in addition to those s h o w n separately. 6 W h e r e separate information is not s h o w n by sex, all or virtually all w o r k ers are w o m e n . N O T E : D ashes ( - ) in d ic a te no data re p o r te d o r data th a t do not m eet p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a . T a b le 2 3 . H o s ie r y m ills , e x c e p t w o m e n 's : b y s iz e o f c o m m u n ity O c c u p a tio n a l a v e ra g e s - ( N u m b e r and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of w o r k e r s in selected occupations by size of c o m m unity, United States a nd Southeast, July 197b) United States2 Southeast Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan areas areas areas areas N u m b e r Average N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e N u m b e r A v e r a g e hourly of hourly hourly of of of hourly w o r k e r s earnings workers earnings w o r k e r s earnings w o r k e r s earnings Occupation and sex KNITTING A D J U S T E R S A.ND P I X E R S , K N I T T I N G M A C H I N E S 3 .......................... S E A M L E S S , H A L F - H O S E ............. K N I T T E R S , A U T O M A T I C ............... H E N ............................. W O M E N .......................... K N I T T E R S , S T R I N G ................... W O M E N .......................... B O A R D I N G A ND £48 639 896 26 8 70 292 268 $4. 15 4.23 3.07 2. 8 0 3.08 2.92 2.95 830 49 781 180 3.04 3 .63 3.00 2.63 1,281 1,076 1,496 $4.03 4.05 3.02 102 2.88 1,394 452 4 24 3. 0 3 721 532 690 26 664 267 243 $4. 0 7 4. 15 2.99 2 .80 2.99 2.91 2.94 1,165 1,023 1,363 $4.02 4. 0 5 3. 0 3 102 2.88 1,261 425 397 3.04 2.84 2.92 2. 83 2. 9 2 2.71 2.64 2.71 2.75 2.81 2.74 731 34 697 147 3 .02 3.75 2.99 2.61 2.61 1,203 2.90 2.76 2.91 1,6 3 8 5 95 467 116 271 38 37 826 786 168 2. 9 5 2.90 2. 8 5 3.06 3.29 730 158 148 - 2.97 2.77 2.78 - 205 18 29 577 526 76 2.90 3 .20 2.54 3 .19 3.21 3.08 - 3.86 2.71 2.84 2.87 3.01 2.82 2.86 2.88 2.86 PREBOARDING B O A R D E R S , A U T O M A T I C ............... H E N ............................. W O M E N .......................... B O A R D E R S , OTHER T H A N A U T O M A T I C . . H E N ............................. W O M E N .......................... P R E B O A R D E R S ......................... H E N ............................. W O M E N .......................... MISCELLANEOUS - 177 18 10 - - 2.62 3.80 3. 8 0 ~ 1,248 97 1,151 202 17 185 132 10 122 86 - - 1 ,117 183 17 166 129 7 “ - 122 - 147 2.66 2 .64 2.66 2.74 2 .70 2.74 5 S E A H E R S , T O E ........................ E X A M I N E R S (HOSIERY I N S P E C T O R S ) 4.. G R E Y (GREIGE) E X A M I N E R S ....... F I N I S H E D E X A M I N E R S .............. D Y E I N G - M A C H I N E T E N D E R S 3 .......... M E N D E R S , BAND, F I N I S H ............. M E N D E R S , HAND, G R E Y ............... P A I R E R S 4 ............................. S T O C K I N G S ......................... T R A N S F E R - M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R S ...... SEWING-MACHINE OPERATORS (PANTY H O S E ) ....................... R E P A I R E R S , S E W I N G M A C H I N E 3 ...... F O L D E R S .............................. B O X E R S ............................... W O M E N .......................... F O L D E R S AND B O X E R S ................ B A G G E R S .............................. AUTOMATIC PACKAGING MACHINE O P E R A T O R ............................ 830 217 207 - 3.01 2.81 2.81 236 26 57 676 578 2. 9 9 3.01 2.61 3 .14 3.18 3.00 100 79 18 - - 652 27 2.94 4. 0 2 2.67 2. 6 7 2.93 2.67 165 118 109 526 67 17 2. 8 2 “ 44 44 1 Excludes p r e m i u m pay for overtime and for w o r k on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to the Southeast. 3 All or virtually all w o r k e r s are m e n . 4 Includes data for w o r k e r s in classifications 20 2.66 2.51 2.84 2.85 2.88 “ 17 586 21 ~ - 4 .03 2. 9 4 2.71 “ 1,553 541 457 84 255 36 26 819 779 167 -15 165 89 80 520 56 ~ 2. 9 2 2.88 2.85 3.05 3.30 2.62 2. 4 3 2.83 2.84 2.88 3 .70 2.71 2. 9 5 2.99 3.02 2.72 “ in addition to those s h o w n separately. 5 W h e r e separate information is not s h o w n by sex, all or virtually all w o r k e r s are w o m e n . N O T E : Dashes ( - ) in d ic a te no d a ta re p o r te d o r d a ta th a t do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a . T a b le 2 4 . H o s ie r y m ills , e x c e p t w o m e n 's : O c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s — b y s iz e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t (N u m b e r and a v e ra g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s by s iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t, U n ite d S tates and S o uthe ast, J u ly 1976) Southeast United States Establishments having— Occupation and sex 250 w o r k e r s or 20-99 w o r k e r s 20-99 w o r k e r s 100-249 w o r k e r s moreN u m b e r Average N u m b e r Average N u m b e r Average N u m b e r Average hourly of hourly hourly of hourly of of w o rkers earnings w o r k e r s earnings w o r k e r s earnings w o rke r s earnings 250 w o r k e r s or 100-249 w o r k e r s more N u m b e r Average N u m b e r Ave r a g e hourly hourly of ^ of w o r k e r s earnings w o rkers earnings KNITTING ADJUSTERS AND FIXERS, KNITTING M A C H I N E S 5 4............................. S E A M L E S S , H A L F - H O S E ................ K N I T T E R S , A U T O M A T I C ................... H E N ................................. N O H E N .............................. K N I T T E R S , S T R I N G ....................... W O M E N .............................. BOARDING AND 496 3 60 602 57 5 45 219 201 $4.00 4.05 2.70 2. 7 2 2 .70 2.81 2. 8 2 8 43 7 13 8 93 36 857 425 391 $4.04 4.08 3. 0 4 2.59 3 .06 2.83 2.85 790 642 897 35 862 - 2.85 2.67 2 . 86 2.55 2 .54 - 666 2. 9 2 2.91 2. 9 2 2.61 2.75 2. 6 0 2.87 2.75 2. 88 934 84 850 - 2. 9 6 2.96 861 138 129 196 28 46 641 552 77 $4. 1 6 4.19 3.27 3.39 3. 27 - 462 360 576 57 519 $3.96 4.05 210 2.79 2.80 192 2.68 2.72 2.68 740 640 775 36 739 400 366 $4.04 4.07 3.04 2.59 3.06 2.81 2.84 684 555 702 35 667 - 2.87 2. 6 7 870 78 792 ~ 3.05 3.25 3.03 - 793 80 71 171 27 17 584 523 70 7 554 3.03 3.02 3.07 3.12 3.08 2.61 3.24 3.29 3.20 4.43 3.00 - $4.08 4.11 3.27 3. 39 3.26 “ PREBOABDING B O A R D E R S , A O T O H A T I C ................... M E M ................................. N O H E N .............................. B O A R D E R S , O T H E R T H A N A O T O H A T I C ..... H E N ................ ................ W O M E N .............................. P R E B O A R D E R S .............. .............. H E N ................................. W O H E N .............................. MISCELLANEOUS 47 8 11 467 155 145 - - 51 6 15 154 9 145 68 6 62 12 3.05 3.27 3. 0 3 3.61 - 469 460 132 - 122 - 2. 8 5 - 2.86 2.57 2. 56 - 595 33 562 1 50 143 65 62 2.88 2.59 2.59 2.86 - 2.88 - 5 S E A M E R S , T O E ............................ E X A M I N E R S (HOSIERT I N S P E C T O R S ) ..... GREY (GREIGE) E X A M I N E R S ........... F I N I S H E D E X A M I N E R S .................. D Y E I N G - M A C H I N E T E N D E R S 3.............. M E N D E R S , HAND, F I N I S H ................. MENDE R S , HAND, G R E Y ................... P A I R E R S 4................................. S T O C K I N G S ............................. T R A N S F E R - M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R S .......... R E P A I R E R S , S E W I N G M A C H I N E 3.......... F O L D E R S .................................. B O X E R S ................................... W O M E N .............................. F O L D E R S A N D B O X E R S .................... B A G G E R S .................................. 594 2 96 277 19 151 16 8 376 3 54 92 56 51 51 273 41 2. 8 2 2.71 2.70 2. 7 3 3.26 2. 36 2 .34 2.73 2 .74 2. 8 3 - 1,013 378 268 98 160 2.66 108 62 53 313 30 2.81 2.81 2.76 2. 4 9 20 40 485 4 58 99 22 2.88 3 .13 3.01 2.79 2.47 2.83 2. 8 3 2.78 3.69 2.70 2.70 2. 7 3 3.08 2.97 12 49 49 5 92 — 3.07 2.99 3.02 3.18 3.06 2.70 3.23 3.28 3.22 4 .40 2.91 2.91 2.99 — 576 288 275 13 146 14 370 354 79 56 38 38 255 41 2.80 2.70 2.71 2. 6 3 3.26 2.34 2. 7 3 2. 7 4 2. 8 9 914 331 259 143 13 33 44 2 428 94 2.66 108 39 30 297 13 2.94 2.95 2.89 2. 9 8 2.78 2.45 2.84 2.84 2.79 3 .69 2.70 2.91 3 .02 3 .08 2.85 21 2.79 2.79 2.79 2.49 * 1 Excludes p r e m i u m pay for overtime and for w o r k o n w e e k ends, holidays, and late shifts. z Includes data for regions in addition to the Southeast. 3 All or virtually all w o r k e r s are m e n . 4 Inlcudes data for w o r k e r s in classifications in addition to those s h o w n separately. 5 W h e r e separate information virtually all w o r k e r s are w o m e n . is not shown by sex, * all or N O T E : D ashes ( - ) in d ic a te no d a ta re p o r te d o r data th a t do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a . Table 25. Hosiery mills, except women's: Occupationalaverages—bymethod of wage payment ( N u m b e r and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of w o r k e r s in selected occupations b y m e t h o d of w a g e payment, United States and Southeast, July 1976) United States 2 Occupation and sex Southeast Incentive Incentive Timeworkers workers workers N u m b e r Average N u m b e r Average N u m b e r Average N u m b e r Average hourly hourly hourly of of hourly of of w o r k e r s earnings w o r k e r s earnings w o r k e r s earnings w o r k e r s earnings Timeworkers KNITTING A DJUSTERS AND FIXERS, KNITTING M A C H I N E S 3 4.......................... SEAMLESS, FULL- OR KNEE-LENGTH. S E A M L E S S , H A L F - H O S E . . ........... K N I T T E R S , A U T O M A T I C ................ M E N .............................. W O M E N ............................ K N I T T E R S , S T R I N G .................... W O M E N ............................ BOARDING AND 2,115 42 1,715 4 83 41 442 161 - $4.07 4.39 4. 12 2.74 2.54 2 .76 2.47 - 1,909 87 1,822 5 83 555 $3.12 3.02 3.12 3.00 3.02 2,038 146 1,892 326 1,886 42 1,555 394 41 353 161 $4. 0 4 4.39 4.08 2.72 2.54 2.75 2.47 - 1,6 5 9 87 1,572 531 503 $3. 0 8 3.02 3.09 2.99 3.00 1,898 PREBOARDING B O A R D E R S , A U T O M A T I C ................ M E N .............................. W O M E N ............................ BOARDERS, OTHER THAN AUTOMATIC... M E N .............................. W O M E N ............................ P R E B O A R D E E S ........................... M E N .............................. W O M E N ............................ _ 20 - 126 2.97 3.10 2.96 2.69 2 .79 2.69 2.89 3.30 2 .82 2.49 2. 5 0 2.47 3. 15 2.55 2. 59 2.48 2.47 2.59 2,369 681 556 113 32 25 1 ,416 1,2 9 2 226 2 .98 2 .94 2.91 3. 0 9 3.06 2.53 3.00 3. 0 2 2. 99 3.94 2.56 2 .57 2. 57 2 .55 2. 51 94 125 87 87 9 95 54 2 .93 2.75 3.00 3.00 3.04 2.98 40 _ 2.53 _ 40 56 - 2 .53 2.53 - 46 _ _ 2. 49 _ - 10 3 16 146 - - “ 120 2.95 3.04 2.95 2.65 2.65 2. 7 5 2.70 2. 7 5 _ 44 9 24 32 83 71 37 2.48 2.48 2.47 3.12 2.54 2.47 2.48 2.47 2.61 2,185 578 494 84 30 23 1,3 1 3 1,234 206 2 .95 2. 9 3 2.91 3.07 3.03 2. 5 2 3.01 3. 0 2 3.00 32 49 43 34 144 34 3.88 2.56 2.70 2.74 2.59 2.51 125 57 57 962 43 2.75 3.19 3.19 3. 0 3 2.89 36 - - 2.57 - 120 1,778 294 2 87 127 7 MISCELLANEOUS5 S E A M E R S , T O E ......................... E X A M I N E R S (HOSIERY I N S P E C T O R S ) . . . G R E Y (GEEIGE) E X A M I N E R S ......... F I N I S H E D E X A M I N E R S ............... D Y E I N G - M A C H I N E T E N D E R S 3 ........... M E N D E R S , HAND, F I N I S H .............. M E N D E R S , HAND, G R E Y ................ P A I R E R S 4 .............................. S T O C K I N G S .......................... T R A N S F E R - M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R S ........ SEWING-MACHINE OPERATORS (PANTY H O S E ) ........................ R E P A I R E R S , S E W I N G M A C H I N E 3........ F O L D E R S ............................... B O X E R S ................................. W O M E N ............................ F O L D E R S AND B O X E R S .................. B A G G E R S ............................... _ _ 131 118 13 4 96 32 69 86 72 42 38 49 75 66 183 40 1 Excludes p r e m i u m p a y for overtime and for w o r k on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to the Southeast. 3 All or virtually all w o r k e r s are m e n . 4 Includes data for w o r k e r s in classifications in addition to those s h o w n separately. sex, - 121 111 10 5 W h e r e separate information is not s h o w n all or virtually all w o r k e r s are w o m e n . by N O T E : Dashes ( - ) in d ic a te no data r e p o r te d o r data th a t do n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a . T a b le 2 6 . H o s ie r y m ills , e x c e p t w o m e n 's : O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s —N o r th C a r o lin a (N u m b e r and a v e ra g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 of p r o d u c tio n w o rk e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , J u ly 1976) Occupation and sex ALL P R O D U C T I O N W O R K E R S 2............. M E N ................................ W O M E N ............................. SELECTED PRODUCTION N u m b e r Average 2.30 2 . 4 0 hourly of UNDER AND w o r k e r s earnings 2.30 UNDER 2.40 2 . 5 0 15,228 3,618 11,610 $ 3.08 3 .48 2 .96 1,336 1,106 1,287 254 1,033 81 51 1,206 224 9 82 552 465 524 437 4.03 4. 0 9 3. 12 2.88 3. 18 2.94 3. 1 4 3. 14 2.91 3! 19 1,422 94 1,328 230 208 13 217 205 123 7 116 2 2098 2 190 - 1908 1014 110 9 04 48 12 36 2 2 46 12 34 2.50 2.60 NUMBER OF WORKERS 2.70 2.80 2 .90 3 . 0 0 RECEIVING ST R A I G H T - T I M E HOURLY E A R NINGS 3. 1 0 s ^ o r 3.30 3 . 4 0 3 . 5 0 3 . 6 0 3.80 4 . 0 0 “ | 3.30 3.40 (IN DOL L A R S ) O F — 4.20 4.40 4.60 4. 8 0 5. 0 0 5. 2 0 5.40 5. 6 0 5.80 AND OVER 2. 6 0 2. 7 0 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3 .50 3 .60 3.80 4 .00 4.20 4.40 4 .60 4.80 5.00 5. 2 0 5. 4 0 5.60 5.80 1060 205 855 1077 201 876 962 186 77 6 976 147 829 719 119 600 9 57 169 788 821 180 641 788 165 623 600 127 473 520 124 396 512 163 349 838 260 57 8 619 245 374 596 339 257 358 183 175 284 191 93 120 79 41 92 62 30 93 80 13 27 15 12 24 15 9 39 36 3 32 25 7 2 2 59 33 26 19 2 40 16 24 27 27 27 27 6 6 40 10 30 6 4 34 g 2 2 98 28 70 2 96 26 70 34 34 32 32 6 2 82 9 73 82 q 9 8 68 3 65 3 3 65 24 17 106 7 99 4 2 102 43 35 46 3 43 6 6 40 90 62 38 1 37 1 1 37 167 115 74 74 3 3 71 153 121 83 83 7 7 76 27 4 220 44 44 3 3 41 147 143 30 30 2 2 28 148 14-4 11 11 1 1 10 59 54 - 35 35 - 46 46 - 1 1 - 8 7 - 16 15 - 8 8 _ _ - 62 33 33 33 33 47 26 159 94 65 2 157 92 65 18 11 64 10 54 1 1 63 73 69 67 67 65 27 26 127 12 115 2 2 125 12 113 37 37 37 37 76 7 7 7 7 28 3 3 3 3 10 _ - 20 20 71 28 28 28 28 41 20 - 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 _ - _ - _ • • _ - _ • ~ - - - - 107 7 64 4 60 25 80 3 77 16 14 47 3 44 64 4 60 44 26 6 2 10 10 8 2 6 2 2 3 - 8 42 9 33 - 27 42 - 1 - 2 2 1 3 - - - - _ - - - . _ _ - 1 - - - - - 50 7 7 24 2 _ _ OCCUPATIONS KNITTING A D JUSTERS AND FIXERS, KNITTING M A C H I N E S 3 * %„■....................... S E A M L E S S , H A L F - H O S E ............... K N I T T E R S , A U T O M A T I C .................. T I M E ............................ I N C E N T I V E ..................... M E N ................................ I N C E N T I V E ...................... W O M E N ............................. I N C E N T I V E ...................... K N I T T E R S , S T R I N G ................. . I N C E N T I V E ......................‘ W O M E N ............................. I N C E N T I V E ...................... BOARDING AND >- 110 32 78 17 12 93 27 _ 66 2 .96 2.90 2.98 43 43 33 33 110 - 2.99 3. 1 4 2.98 2.70 2 .70 _ -■ - 2 64 16 248 72 59 3 56 15 13 3 2.88 “ 26 104 20 26 44 44 44 44 ■3 5 97 35 35 29 29 19 20 19. 10 3 53 37 16 16 16 16 18 18 1 36 21 21 21 21 2 2 2 2 - fREBOARDING B O A R D E R S , A U T O M A T I C 6................ H E N ................................ W O M E N ............................. BOARDERS, OTHER THAN AUTOMATIC.... I N C E N T I V E . . . . i . . . 1. .......... H E N ..... .......................... W O M E N . ........ ....... >............ I N C E N T I V E ...................... P R E B O A R D E R S 6 ............. ............. M E N ......... ...................... W O M E N ............................. 2.68 2.71 2.70 2. 7 3 2.70 2. 7 3 68 72 68 40 12 12 - 38 13 13 - 216 67 65 61 59 148 82 39 78 35 12 5 6 2 2 2 111 6 127 105 30 28 3 27 27 14 14 119 9 7 117 19 17 17 15 26 97 25 2 2 5 8 98 9 89 19 17 2 1 7 7 18 16 9 9 8 3 5 100 16 16 16 16 2 - 2 21 2 23 2 4 - 8 5 5 14 14 5 5 7 95 25 25 17 17 18 81 56 46 46 36 34 31 31 23 23 17 - - 2 2 21 4 9 2 83 2 52 3 49 40 1 3 3 6 2 2 1 - - 39 - 6 1 - 89 23 23 19 19 26 ll 73 17 17 17 17 45 66 10 10 8 8 48 9 9 34 14 - 10 10 81 - 2 2 - 68 2 66 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 6 21 2 2 2 24 - - - 1 - 4 - 2 - - 19 4 4 4 4 14 - 6 2 8 8 6 6 2 2 4 4 - 2 1 1 1 1 9 3 3 3 3 - ~ - - - - - - 2 2 2 - 2 - 2 MISCELLANEOUS S E A M E R S , T O E 6 7. . . ............. . E X A M I N E R S ( H O S I E R Y I N S P E C T O R S ) 5-7.» I N C E N T I V E ...................... G R E Y (GREIGE) E X A M I N E R S .......... I N C E N T I V E ...... .............. DYEING-MACHINE TENDERS .......... MVNr>FR<; HINn FTHTQH 7 I N C E N T I V E ...................... See fo o tn o te s a t end o f ta b le . 1 ,504 4 43 381 367 305 368 34 26 2.97 2.91 2.97 2.87 2 .93 3. 13 9 Qfi - 3 .07 - 4 20 107 18 18 83 18 18 19 14 19 12 12 54 12 12 21 3 1 2 2 86 4 - 5 77 13 13 9 9 13 9 z 5 2 7 7 7 7 6 9 z 2 - . 5 _ _ _ . _ - - - 3 3 1 1 1 5 1 _ _ _ - T a b le 2 6 . H o s ie r y m ills , e x c e p t w o m e n 's : O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s —N o r th C a r o lin a —C o n tin u e d ( N u m b e r and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of production wo.rkers in selected occupations, July 1976) " N u m b e r Average 2.30 hourly UNDER of A ND w o r k e r s earnings 2.30 U N DER 2.40 Occupation and sex SELECTED 2.40 2 .50 2. 6 0 NU SBER 3F W O R K E R S 2.7/0 2.80 2 . 9 0 3 . 0 0 2 .50 2.60 2 . 7 0 2. 8 0 RECEI VING 3.10 3.20 S T R A I G H T - T I M E liODRL! E A R N I N G S 3 . 3 0 3 . 4 0 3 . 5 0 3 . 6 0 3.80 4 . 0 0 2 .90 3 .00 3.10 3 .20 3 .30 3. 4 0 _ - _ 47 . 46 _ - 39 46 _ - 65 39 42 65 64 13 39 38 27 47 45 46 44 10 46 44 4 42 38 7 2 13 27 2 39 39 13 13 5 5 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 5 6 5 - - 2 7 5 7 _ _ 5 2 2 _ _ _ 3.50 3.60 (IN I)0LLA RS) O F — 4 . 2 0 4 .40 4.60 4 . 8 0 ___ . 5. 0 0 5 . 2 0 5 .40 5 . 6 0 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 _ - „ - _ - _ - 1 1 30 36 79 41 _ 37 36 30 29 36 35 79 78 41 41 37 37 6 11 6 2 36 35 7 6 11 6 6 2 7 _ 4.60 __ . 5.80 AND OV E R 4.80 5.00 5. 2 0 5.40 5.60 5.80 _ . . . - 11 7 2 _ • . • - 7 • 1 2 7 7 4 11 11 7 7 1 1 1 2 2 2 • _ . _ 2 2 2 4 _ 2 2 1 4 _ - _ _ 1 1 . _ - - - - _ - • - • - PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS— CONTINUED MISCELLANEOUS— CONTINUED MENDERS# HAND# G R E Y 7 • I N C E N T I V E . . .................. PAlPERS? 7 _____ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TIM E . I N C E N T I V E » t t __________ ....... sincKTNGS. .....................a. T R A N S F E R “ MAC H T N E O P E R A T O R S 7. ....... t t m e ... .................. . I N C E N T I V E . .................. REPAIRERS S E W T N G M A C H I N E 3 4 ___.... F O L D E R S 7____ . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T I M E . .w I N C E N T I V E i ___. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B O X E R S 7. TIME---*- ______ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . incentive . . . . . . . . . . . . FOLDERS BAGGERS AND BOXERS -ri . . . . . . . 7- * - . --------- « incentive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. T I M E . • I. INCENTIVE 33 15 1# 0 0 3 58 945 961 176 15 161 27 54 25 29 59 16 43 964 8 60 24 18 6 $2.53 2.58 3.05 2 .51 3.08 3.06 3.06 2.85 3.08 3.87 2.83 2.76 2 .90 2.99 2.65 3.11 3. 0 0 3.05 2.47 2.43 2.58 _ 9 6 8 2 6 3 8 2 _ 195 44 41 _ 189 191 27 6 35 51 75 7 27 6 7 9 8 4 4 _ 13 - 6 44 _ 86 65 17 48 57 17 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 3 5 4 1 152 143 15 7 - 7 41 37 12 _ 3 _ 2 11 6 6 _ 60 58 4 2 2 _ 2 - 8 4 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 7 9 1 1 5 1 2 2 2 _ 3 3 3 4 - 1 2 - _ - - 6 - - _ _ _ - - - - - 3 2 1 3 1 3 _ 2 2 . 23 23 34 34 4 45 45 _ 36 36 5 59 59 2 130 46 7 54 49 63 63 49 49 60 60 64 64 36 36 2 2 2 2 - - - - - _ 1 - - - _ _ _ - - - - _ 1 _ _ _ 1 Excludes p r e m i u m p a y for overtime and for w o r k on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. T h e s e surveys, based on a representative s a m p l e of establishments, are designed to m e a s u r e the level of occupational earnings at a particular time. Thus, c o m p a risons m a d e with previous studies m a y not reflect expected w a g e m o v e m e n t s because of change in the s a mple composition, and shifts in e m p l o y m e n t a m o n g establishments with different pay levels. Such shifts, for example, could d e crease an occupational average, ev e n though m o s t establishments increased w a g e s between periods being c o m p a r e d . _ _ . - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - - - 2 2 _ 2 2 - 2 2 23 23 16 16 8 8 5 5 _ - - - - * - - - - _ _ _ _ - • _ _ - - _ - 2 Sixty-three percent of the production w o r k e r s covered by the survey w e r e paid on an in centive basis. 3 All or virtually all are timeworkers. 4 All or virtually all w o r k e r s are me n . 5 Includes data for w o r k e r s in classification in addition to those s h o w n separately. 6 All or virtually all are incentive workers. 7 All or virtually all w o r k e r s are w o m e n . Table 27. Hosiery mills, except w om en's: Occupational earnings—Tennessee (N u m b e r and a v e ra g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p ro d u c tio n w o rk e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , J u ly 1976) Occupation and sex ALL N u m b e r Average 2.30 2 . 4 0 of hourly UNDER AND w o r k e r s earnings 2 . 3 0 JNDER 2.40 2 . 5 0 P R O D U C T I O N W O R K E R S 2.............. . 2,7 9 1 H E N ...................... ........... ’5 65 W O M E N ........ ...................... 2,226 SELECTED PRODUCTION A U T O M A T I C .................. I N C E N T I V E ... .................... oilo 1IilO 348 Q9 256 BOARDING AND PREBOARDING B O A R D E R S , A U T O M A T I C 7. • . .............. W O M E N ........ ...................... 207 MISCELLANEOUS SEAHERS, T O E 6 7 . . . ............ , .... E X A M I N E E S ( H O S I E R Y I N S P E C T O R S ) 5 \ .. IPTMP TlirPlI«I»TVP 294 93 TK Z9 z Q oo GREY (GREIGE) 2 2.68 2 656 51 605 11 Oli ii 0 UjA 2 .74 9 JV AO 2.83 - 2.64 2.64 2.78 2.64 9 A9 Z . JZ 9 Aft z. oo 2 .65 9 jA1I Z. 9 . AQ Z 07 2 .94 2.98 9 . HO HA Z 9 llQ Z. H7 9 All Z . OH 2 . 62 9 Z • Ai D1 2. 49 2 ! 85 2 .96 2.75 B O M B E R OF W O R K E R S R E C E I V I N G 2 . 7 0 2.80 2 . 9 0 3 .00 3.10 3.20 STRAIGHT-TltlE H O D R L Y E A R N I N G S (IN DOLLARS) O F — 3.30 3. 4 0 3 . 5 0 3 . 6 0 3 .70 3 . 8 0 3 . 9 0 4. 0 0 4.10 4 . 2 0 4. 3 0 4 . 4 0 4.50 4.60 2.60 2.70 2.80 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60 4.80 40 40 “ 15 14 7 9 6 1 8 1 40 12 2 .90 3 . 0 0 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3 .50 3.60 3.70 3.80 3.90 4.00 4.10 4.20 138 27 91 48 31 17 32 17 15 22 46 40 15 9 22 30 13 17 31 85 52 16 36 27 5 111 67 7 60 36 130 107 18 89 9 6 6 p O p O 7 10 z 0 z 10 17 27 8 19 20 22 14 6 6 2 6 2 11 A 0 2 21 17 1/ 2 38 00 j 2 _ 27 8 19 20 22 14 6 6 2 6 2 2 2 2 23 23 22 22 25 23 13 9 10 10 5 5 6 6 - 2 2 2 2 — - - •— “ — - 25 28 26 11 6 8 2 1 - - 6 2 8 4 6 2 2 4 14 5 13 4 27 9 12 8 - - 9 Z 2 6 4 4 6 J _ 2 2 _ _ ~ 5 4 5 4 7 4 4 12 _ - 419 47 372 210 152 222 255 41 214 38 172 43 56 i Hiu H 22 p 0 43 12 14 89 no 49 — - 70 25 25 10 - 76 35 a O 9Q Z7 22 11 Q 7 Z 0 32 Z O 9A ZO - 8 z 0 9 Z 5 4 62 58 q 7 5 24 24 257 35 22 6 11 25 34 30 4 15 11 26 c 10 p 0 4 1 4.80 AND OVER OCCUPATIONS KNITTING ADJUS T E R S A N D FIXERS, KNITTING N lCIIT H CC J 4 * c ipA m t t c c d a t Vm U ^ ct KNITTERS, $ 2 . 81 3.32 2.50 2.60 E X A M I N E R S . .......... TlirVilfPTVT D Y E I N G - M A C H I N E T E N D E R S \ ............. T I M E ......... ................... HVHnVDc aAim pbpv ” W l ........ . . i ........ ........ P^TBPB?= 0 7 STnrirTiicc inp a v c v p p * ii iruT up nDtrDi Tn d c ” F O L D E R S A N D B O X E R S 6 . . . . . . . .......... I N C E N T I V E . ...................... mcrsDc^ . 22 1 80 90 60 50 45 11 11 79 171 154 21 1 9 1z 117 87 9ft zo 11 A o 7 4 n _ - 66 1 14 f. 4 13 12 J? _ 15 11 iIH ll 4 4 10 8 10 0 4 1 0 7 6 3 0 O 2 J: i C J 4 6 H 5 4 - 10 7 g g 9 6 - Jr 0 5 77 Q 5 0 4 q - _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 2 2 - - - - • - 3 - - 1 1 - 1 - - - - - - _ _ _ . _ _ - - - . - J - 2 2 - - _ - - _ - - - 2 2 - 2 - 2 - - - - 1 2 12 12 5 5 - - g g 11z 9 11z 9 11Z 9 in 1V T O 9 z -j 3 14 14 9 5 5 5 2 2 4 4 2 2 11 4 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 2 1| z g 27 3 9 6 O 0 1 Excludes premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. These surveys, based on a representative sample of establishments, are designed to m easure the lev el of occupational earnings at a particular tim e. Thus, comparisons made with previous studies may not reflect expected wage movements because of change in the sample composition, and shifts in employment among establishm ents with different pay lev els. Such shifts, for example, could de crease an occupational average, even though most establishments increased wages between periods being compared. 3 9 5 - - 2 2 it H 2 Fifty-nine percent of the production w orkers covered by the survey were paid on an incen tive basis. >" 3 All or virtually all are tim e workers. 4 All or virtually all workers are men. 5 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. 6 All or virtually all workers are women. 7»All or virtually all are incentive workers. Table 28 . Hosiery mills, except women**: Occupational earnings-Hickory-Statesville, N.C.1 (N u m b e r and a v e ra g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f p ro d u c tio n w o rk e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , J u ly 1976) NUMBER OF N u m b e r Average 2.30 2 .40 hourly of AND w o r k e r s earnings U N D E R 2.30 JNDER 2. 40 2.50 Occupation and sex A L L P R O D U C T I O N W O R K E R S 3 ............ M E N ............................... W O M E N ............................ SELECTED PRODUCTION 3,846 81 8 3,028 $3.09 3 .51 2. 9 7 2 2 314 312 334 4.03 4.02 3.06 - 554 26 528 206 27 179 35 15 14 WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS (IN D O L L A R S ) OF— 2. 5 0 2.60 2.70 2. 8 0 2 .90 3. 0 0 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4 .40 4.60 4. 8 0 5 .00 5*. 20 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3. 0 0 3.20 3. 4 0 3.60 3.80 4.00 4 .20 4.40 4. 6 0 4.80 5 .00 5. 2 0 5 .40 5 . 6 0 265 51 214 254 160 17 143 485 62 423 324 71 253 252 229 90 139 146 59 87 132 56 76 115 42 73 68 36 32 27 15 5 3 12 20 8 12 32 26 232 6 2 5 5 64 8 8 34 34 14 14 14 63 63 43 43 15 15 15 12 12 8 8 17 17 _ . 12 12 5 9 42 42 19 19 19 33 33 35 _ _ 9 5 19 3 15 12 5 2 3 23 1 4 - 307 80 227 229 28 201 22 68 184 5.40 5.60 5.80 6.00 6 .2 0 6.40 AND OVER 5.80 6 .0 0 6 . 2 0 6. 4 0 10 8 2 17 16 1 1 1 1 3 6 2 5 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 4 _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 1 2 - 3 3 OCCUPATIONS KNITTING ADJU S T E R S AND FIXERS, KNITTING M A C H I N E S 4 5 6 ........................ S E A M L E S S , H A L F - H O S E .............. K N I T T E R S , A U T O M A T I C ................. T I M E .......... ................ I N C E N T I V E _____ ____________ _ W O M E N ............................ TT^p, _ T ___T T ______ I N C E N T I V E . ...... ........... . K N I T T E R S , S T R I N G 7 s. . . . . . . . ...... . BOARDING 111 2.66 223 306 87 219 91 3.26 3. 10 2.71 3. 26 3. 18 3 96 35 65 3.02 2. 6 1 2. 96 289 3. 10 3.04 3.07 2. 96 2 .99 3.30 3.29 3. 3 1 3.31 2 .91 2. 52 2.97 2.93 2.97 3.22 3. 02 3.26 2.93 2.76 3.13 3.18 3.22 o DU CA Z* 3.31 20 - 10 4 14 2 2 6 6 2 2 2 2 - 32 31 17 9 26 15 15 20 2 1 8 11 7 15 11 10 53 62 25 35 - 11 8 20 2 11 10 18 4 51 25 14 20 11 11 39 3 18 35 56 1 1 1 24 - 2 5 2 6 12 9 1 4 1 17 16 18 13 13 9 9 5 5 3 3 7 32 18 4 4 21 31 9 9 7 7 17 17 17 17 13 17 4 19 4 13 13 13 17 16 15 7 24 13 4 4 1 2 8 11 9 5 18 5 7 15 3 4 32 - 25 28 10 16 20 18 18 16 18 17 16 15 8 6 6 61 18 11 11 11 11 14 9 3 3 3 3 27 18 18 18 - 16 17 16 - 4 4 - 4 18 7 5 10 30 10 20 8 11 12 - 26 26 5 5 _ _ 2 AND PREbOARDING B O A R D E R S , A U T O M A T I C 7 8 ............. BOARDERS, OTHER THAN AUTOMATIC... P R E B O A R D E R S .......... i . . . . . . . . . . . . - 74 14 10 5 8 8 _ - 13 4 15 2 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 2 2 2 2 - - _ 4 2 2 2 2 12 12 12 12 1 1 14 _ _ 2 MISCELLANEOUS SEA HERS, T O E 7 8____ . _______ ___ _ _ r . _ E X A M I N E R S (H O S I E R Y I N S P E C T O R S ) 48.. I N C E N T I V E . . ... ............... GRflY (GPETGE) e x a m i n e r s __ - , - - I N C F N T T V K ________ - ___ D Y E I N G - M A C H I N E T E N D E R S ............. T I M E ........................... M E N ................... ........... I I M - .... ..................... P A I R E R S 4 - ............................ TTMF * t ___ t - t *-___ I N C E N T I V E . , mm * .............. S T O C K I N G S ........................... I N C E N T I V E ............. ... . . T R A N S F E R - M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R S 8....... TIME .TTf-f.-t-f-T-TT-t I N C E N T I V E ......... ........... pn J.PRRS _____ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TTPIE. i i n n _________ -t- -t-t-t1 B0XERS8 - . . 7 T 7 ......... - ............... I N C E N T I V E .................... F O L D E R S A N D B O X E R S ® . * .............. I N C E N T I V E .................... 220 200 170 150 11 0 104 104 98 2 45 34 211 233 211 59 9 50 41 25 30 28 2 16 oo , 194 _ _ - 4 8 - 55 61 55 - 10 6 10 5 2 2 2 11 2 2 _ 1 1 1 19 33 65 55 51 41 13 13 33 24 24 22 22 12 12 8 8 11 11 33 27 31 25 9 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 16 19 12 6 20 7 7 7 9 16 16 16 19 19 19 12 12 12 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 10 9 4 20 20 20 2 1 1 5 9 1 7 5 2 2 1 1 5 1 11 11 7 7 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 13 2 10 1 _ 4 2 4 1 2 2 2 5 5 - _ _ - 5 5 5 5 1 . . - 1 2 1 1 1 2 . . - 1 1 1 - 2 2 2 2 2 _ - 2 - _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ 5 5 5 5 _ _ _ _ _ -r 1 _ 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 14 3 3 23 12 9 15 5 5 9 4 4 30 14 21 1 1 6 19 13 3 4 5 - 2 - 2 - - - 2 - - 14 9 12 10 9 15 4 30 14 21 6 19 13 3 4 5 - 2 - 2 - - - 2 - r Th~e Hickory— Statesville ar e a consists of Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, and Iredell counties. 2 Excludes p r e m i u m pay for ove r t i m e and for w o r k on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. These surveys, b a s e d on a representative s a m p l e of establishments, are designed to m e a s u r e the level of occupational earnings at a particular time. Thus, c o m parisons m a d e with studies m a y not reflect expected w a g e m o v e m e n t s b e c a u s e of change in the s a m p l e composition, and shifts in e m p l o y m e n t a m o n g establishments with different pay levels. Such shifts, for example, could d ecrease an occupational average, even though m o s t establishments increased w a g e s between periods being c o m pared. 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 2 _ 2 2 Sixty percent of the production w o r k e r s covered b y the survey w e r e paid on a n incentive basis. All or virtually all are t i m e workers. All or virtually all w o r k e r s are m e n . Includes data for w o r k e r s in classification in addition to those s h o w n separately. All or virtually all are incentive w o rkers. All or virtually all w o r k e r s are w o m e n . Table 29. Hosiery mills, except women's: Winston-Salem-High Point, N.C. 1 ( N u m b e r and average straight-time hourly earnings2 of production w o r k e r s in selected occupations, July 1976) Occupation and sex ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS3 ........................... MEN............................................................... WOMEN.......................................................... NU SBER C)F WO.RKERS RECE3.VING STRAJIGHT-TIME 30 URL3i EARNINGS (IN DOLLARS) OF— Number Average 2 .3 0 2.40 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2.90 3 .0 0 3. 10 3.2 0 3.3 0 3 .4 0 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 3 .9 0 4 .0 0 4 .1 0 4.20 4 .3 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4.8 0 5 .0 0 5.20 hourly of AND AND workers earnings UNDER OVER 2 .4 0 2.50 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3.0 0 3 . 10 3 .2 0 3.3 0 3.40 3.5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 3 .9 0 4 .0 0 4 .1 0 4 .2 0 4.30 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5.0 0 5 .2 0 528 98 430 438 91 347 541 100 441 426 110 316 509 83 426 345 70 275 334 84 250 296 87 209 253 71 182 230 68 162 196 71 125 167 76 91 193 125 68 150 84 66 99 53 46 71 41 30 132 90 42 58 36 22 60 46 14 35 29 6 49 31 18 ■- 4 - - 9 8 19 18 21 14 35 14 10 3 34 26 61 33 47 27 48 16 44 26 44 30 100 89 75 44 42 39 30 29 62 58 23 18 20 20 8 8 16 16 40 1 48 47 1 92 90 7 21 128 50 7 48 38 8 34 31 28 26 25 20 27 27 32 24 24 17 11 4 4 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 5 22 22 14 14 14 31 66 39 4 60 59 - - - - 40 oe X3 1J 11QJ 1y 11Q y 11 1V11 54 4 50 16 52 4 48 13 32 1 31 20 35 1 34 14 11 - 6 2 2 - 4 2 - - - 68 3 3 48 58 8 8 50 10 10 _ 5 5 2 1 1 1 - 3 3 15 8 ,2 1 2 2,031 6 ,181 $ 3. 10 3 .4 4 2 .9 9 1020 81 939 441 67 374 466 88 378 654 148 506 521 103 418 752 536 3 .9 5 4 .0 4 - - - •- - 214 746 621 3 .7 2 3. 12 3 .1 3 199 SELECTED PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS KNITTING ADJUSTERS ANDl FIXERS, KNITTING MACHINES4 5 6 ................................................ . SEAMLESS, HALF-HOSE................................ OTHER (INCLUDING COMBINATION OF ABOVE)............................................................ KNITTERS, AUTOMATIC'7.................. INCENTIVE....................... IfN TT'n? PC 5TPTHC8 WOMEN.« ••• ■•••• - - - - 24 14 12 13 12 2m 79 53 36 39 29 3 .0 3 3 .3 8 3 .0 0 2 .71 150 8 142 54 25 700 177 23 10 52 27 55 7 898 113 113 198 593 563 84 17 682 600 2 .9 2 2 .9 4 2 .9 4 3 .0 1 3. 16 3 .1 7 3 .0 9 3 .9 6 2 .9 2 2 .9 6 164 29 29 12 95 91 13 71 12 12 71 5 5 60 5 5 16 31 25 7 990 4 40 9 7*7 22 44 1IO r 1y 19 9Q 60 D 4lU A 8 38 39 O O O 1 1I O £ 1 12 19 2 2 BOARDING AND PREBOARDING BOARDERS, AUTOMATIC8 .................. MEN............................................................... WOMEN................. ........... BOARDERS, OTHER THAN AUTOMATIC7 8. .. 754 54 2 55 3 57 2 8 2 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 2 37 26 2 27 24 12 3 17 14 12 11 6 6 - 5 - 38 9 15 5 10 12 2 18 4 10 - - - - - 2 - 3 2 51 60 10 10 13 38 36 35 2 2 38 4 4 21 27 1 1 15 2 2 18 5 _ 4 25 24 1 _ 18 18 6 6 2 1 2 2 3 3 - 22 3 3 3 6 6 1 - 7 1 8 8 1 - 1 1 32 28 6 6 22 22 2 2 2 9 1 1 20 “ 28 27 26 - 14 MISCELLANEOUS SEAMERS, TOE7 8.......................... EXAMINERS (HOSIERY INSPECTORS)7 8... GREY (GREIGE) EXAMINERS........... DYEING-MACHINE TENDERS4 .5. ........... PAIRERS6 7 8 ............................. STOCKINGS............................. TRANSFER-MACHINE OPERATORS7 8. ...... REPAIRERS, SEWING MACHINE4 5 ........ FOLDERS AND BOXERS7 ..... ............ INCENTIVE....................... 6 20 17 - 2 - 129 129 28 28 11 20 19 4 31 45 44 - - 6 _ 37 37 113 31 20 20 31 30 14 17 28 26 - 1 - 39 39 42 42 1 T h e Winston— S a l e m — High Point area consists of Alam a n c e , Davidson, Forsyth, Guilford, Randolph, and S urry counties. 2 Excludes p r e m i u m pay for overtime and for w o r k o n weekends, holidays, and late shifts. T h e s e surveys, bas e d o n a representative samp l e of establishments, are designed to m e a s u r e the level of occupational earnings at a particular time. Thus, c omparisons m a d e with previous studies m a y not reflect expected w a g e m o v e m e n t s because of change in the s a m p l e composition, and shifts in e m p l o y m e n t a m o n g establishments with different pay levels. Such shifts, for example, could d e crease an occupational average, even though m o s t establishments increased w a g e s b e tween periods being c o m p a r e d . 11 8 8 5 24 24 7 33 31 4 _ 2 1 2 41 41 31 31 47 47 22 21 1 - 43 43 2 2 2 22 22 29 1 1 3 19 19 - 1 24 23 15 15 6 - 3 - 2 13 13 14 14. 23 23 5 17 17 4 2 1 1 7 7 - 16 15 1 6 6 4 4 9 9 ~ 4 - ~ 1 1 2 2 1 “ 3 Sixty-five percent of the production w o r k e r s c o vered by the survey w e r e paid on an incentive basis. 4 5 6 7 8 All or virtually all are timeworkers. All or virtually all w o r k e r s are m e n . Includes data for w o r k e r s in classification in addition to those s h o w n separately. All or virtually all w o r k e r s are w o m e n . All or virtually all are incentive workers. T a b le 30. O ther hosiery: M ethod of w age paym ent (Percent of production workers by method of wage payment,1 United States, selected regions. States, and areas, July 1976) ------------------------------------------ ---- ---------- r Method of wage payment — Middle Atlantic Southeast North Carolina Tennessee Hickory-Statesville Winston-SalemHigh Point 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 39 39 37 41 4 4 40 3 35 7 31 4 15 19 38 5 (3) 4 33 32 37 o O Q7 Of 7 29 61 59 61 60 62 61 63 61 59 59 fin Du 60 65 63 - (3) (3) (3) - 8 1 P«nno nf ratPQ Areas States Regions United States2 ....................... IllUiVIUUdl UUflUO ........................... 1 1 (3) For definition of method of wage payment, see appendix A. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 20 1 1 6 6 1 i Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 7 1 Tab le 31. Other hosiery: Scheduled w eekly hours (Percent of production workers by scheduled weekly hours,' United States, selected regions, States, and areas, July 1976) CO CD All workers.............................................................................. 37.5 hours................................................................................... 40 hours...................................................................................... 45 hours...................................................................................... Over 45 hours.............................................................................. United States2 Areas States Regions Weekly hours Middle Atlantic Southeast North Carolina Tennessee Hickory—States ville Winston-SalemHigh Point 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 1 2 89 97 96 100 96 4 97 11 _ 1 2 - ' Data relate to the predominant schedule for full-time day-shift workers in each establishment. 1 - 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. NOTE Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. 100 - T a b le 32. O ther hosiery: Shift differential provisions (Percent of production workers by shift differential provisions,1 United States, selected regions, States, and areas, July 1976) United States2 Middle Atlantic Areas States Regions Shift differential Hickory-Statesvilie Winston-SalemHigh Point 92.9 Southeast North Carolina Tennessee 90.4 22.5 9.6 4.9 4.7 9.7 - 90.4 18.7 78.2 32.4 7.2 .7 3.2 10.1 95.4 50.6 38.9 33.5 5.4 11.7 72.0 30.2 12.9 72.8 19.8 68.1 63.1 34.0 8.2 5.7 2.5 19.4 4.6 14.8 6.4 Second shift Workers in establishments with second-shift provisions............................................................... With shift differential............................................................... Uniform cents per hour........................................................ 5 cents .............................................................................. 8 cents .............................................................................. 10 cents............................................................................ 20 cents............................................................................ Uniform percentage............................................................... 3 percent........................................................................... 4 percent........................................................................... 5 percent........................................................................... 10 percent......................................................................... Other formal paid differential ............................................. 90.6 29.1 12.7 4.3 .6 1.0 13.6 1.2 1.6 9.8 1.0 6.7 2.9 100.0 79.1 20.4 20.4 58.7 23.0 35.7 - 1.8 6.2 .7 5.5 - 10.1 - 2.4 11.8 8.2 - - 8.2 14.8 14.8 9.4 11.8 - 11.8 - Third or other late shift Workers in establishments with thirdor other late shift provisions .................................................... With shift differential.................... .......................................... Uniform cents per hour........................................................ 5 cents ............................................................................. 10 cents............................................................................ 12 cents............................................................................ 12.5 cents ......................................................................... 15 cents........................................................................... 20 cents........... 30 cents........... Uniform percentage 5 percent .......... Over 5 and under 10 percent......................................... 10 percent................... 15 percent................... Other formal paid differential 71.6 34.4 15.6 2.5 5.0 .6 1.4 4.1 1.6 7.0 1.6 79.1 79.1 20.4 20.4 58.7 47.5 11.1 - 5.5 — 1.0 1.0 13.2 3.1 1 Refers to policies of establishments currently operating late shifts or having provisions covering late shifts. 2.8 5.6 1.5 2.5 .4 11.1 .8 1.8 7.2 1.3 6.2 6.2 .7 1.4 3.5 .6 - 11.2 1.2 10.1 2.3 55.3 28.4 28.4 9.7 - 9.7 17.1 77.8 11.8 - - Inc'udes data for regions in addition to those shown separately, NOTE Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals 11.8 - - 11.8 - - T ab le 33. Other hosiery. Shift differential practices (Percent of production workers in employed on late shifts by amount of pay differential, United States, selected region, States, and areas, July 1976) Regions Shift differential United States' Middle Atlantic States Areas Southeast North Carolina Tennessee Hiekory—Statesvilie 14.9 3.9 13.6 2.7 17.6 11.5 10.9 4.6 Winston-SalemHigh Point 12.1 1.8 Second shift Workers employed on second shift.............................................. Receiving differential................................................................ Uniform cents per hour........................................................ 5 cents ............................................................................. 8 cents .... 10 cents .. 20 cents .. Uniform percentage 3 percent .......................................................................... 4 percent.......................................................................... 5 percent .......................................................................... 10 percent........................................................................ Other formal paid differential............................................. 14.8 4.8 2.0 1.0 .1 .8 1 2.3 .2 .3 1.6 .2 .5 15.4 11.5 2.7 2.7 8.7 3.3 5.4 - 1.8 1.1 .6 1.6 - .8 .1 .8 1.5 - .3 1.1 .1 .6 1.5 .3 5.1 5.2 1.5 8.8 8.2 .6 2.7 1.2 - 1.2 2.2 - 1.8 - - - - 4.8 4.5 .9 _ _ _ _ .9 .9 - 2.2 1.2 1.8 Third or othor late shift Workers employed on third or other late shift ..................................................................... Receiving differential............................................................... Uniform cents per hour 5 cents............. 10 cents........... 12 cents............ 12.5 cents........................................................................ 15 cents .. 20 cents .. 30 cents .. Uniform percentage 5 percent.......................................................................... Over 5 and under 10 percent......................................... 10 percent........................................................................ 15 percent........................................................................ Other formal paid differential............................................. 1 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Less than 0.05 percent. 5.0 2.3 1.1 .1 .3 - .2 .3 (2) .1 .9 .3 .2 .5 (2) .3 7.1 7.1 1.9 _ 1.9 5.2 4.2 - 2.1 1.0 .6 .1 .4 - .2 .2 (2) .7 .1 .2 .5 1.0 — .1 .1 .3 .1 - .7 - .3 NOTE: .8 .1 .1 3.1 1.9 1.3 1.3 - .6 2.1 .8 .5 _ .3 1.2 .4 - .8 .2 Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. T ab le 34. O ther hosiery. Paid holidays (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States, selected regions, States, and areas, July 1976) All workers............................................................................... United States1 Middle Atlantic Southeast North Carolina Tennessee Hickory-Statesville Winston-SalemHigh Point 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 49 100 42 42 3 (2) 9 54 33 33 - - - Workers in establishments providing paid holidays ...................................................... 1 day ..................................................................... 2 days .................................................................. 3 days .................................................................. A days ..................................................... 5 days ............................................................................ 6 days ........................................................................... 7 days ............................................................ 8 days .......................................................................... 9 days ................................................................ 10 days ............................................................. 1 2 Areas States Regions Number of paid holidays Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Less than 0.5 percent. 2 3 6 10 15 4 2 3 1 2 2 3 6 11 _ _ _ _ 23 16 3 _ _ _ _ 21 _ 56 _ _ NOTE: 5 2 12 - 15 3 _ _ _ 14 30 5 - 4 15 - 3 14 16 - _ - - - 12 - Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. T a b le 35. Other hosiery: Paid vacations (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States, selected regions, States, and areas, July 1976) Regions Vacation policy United States1 States Middle Atlantic Southeast North Carolina Areas Tennessee Hickoiy-Statesville Winston-SalemHigh Point All workers.............................................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Method of payment Workers in establishments providing paid vacations............................................................ Length-of-time payment............................................................ Percentage payment................................................................. 83 18 64 100 80 16 65 81 95 24 71 63 94 42 83 _ 52 5 _ _ 85 4 5 _ 40 14 9 _ 73 16 5 _ _ 40 14 9 _ _ 62 16 17 _ 30 10 21 2 55 _ _ _ 12 40 _ _ _ 21 10 21 2 31 69 11 70 21 11 Amount of vacation pay2 After 1 year of service: Under 1 week........................................................................... 1 week...................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks..................................................... 2 weeks .................................................................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks..................................................... After 2 years of service: Under 1 week........................................................................... 1 week...................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks..................................................... 2 weeks.................................................................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks..................................................... After 3 years of service: Under 1 week........................................................................... 1 week...................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks..................................................... 2 weeks .................................................................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks..................................................... After 5 years of service: 1 week................................................................................... . Over 1 and under 2 weeks..................................................... 2 weeks ....................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks ....................... 4 weeks ....................... After 10 years of service: 1 week...................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ....................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks .................................................................................... Over 3 and under 4 weeks..................................................... 4 weeks .................................................................................... After 15 years of service: 1 week...................................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks..................................................... 2 weeks .................................................................................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks..................................................... 3 weeks .................................................................................... 4 weeks .................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 6 65 5 4 2 6 58 11 6 2 6 51 11 12 2 23 6 48 2 2 1 22 6 41 1 9 2 1 22 - 89 11 - - 89 11 _ - - 64 11 25 - 11 78 11 _ - 11 - 33 11 45 - 11 6 32 33 19 3 45 1 11 7 62 4 5 2 7 55 11 6 2 7 51 11 10 2 25 7 43 2 2 1 24 7 40 5 2 1 24 7 32 14 4 6 6 73 - 4 3 _ 62 6 10 12 10 53 15 5 3 73 _ 6 10 12 _ 46 15 73 _ 3 _ 11 21 7 46 3 3 2 21 7 43 6 3 2 21 7 32 _ 17 5 6 12 15 64 _ 3 15 12 59 _ 5 _ _ 28 _ _ _ 64 _ _ _ 3 21 10 21 2 12 59 _ 5 - 12 19 _ 21 - 15 48 16 3 T ab le 35. O ther hosiery: Paid vacations— Continued (Percent of production workers in establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States, selected regions, States, and areas, July 1976) Vacation policy Middle Atlantic Areas States Regions United States' Southeast North Carolina Tennessee 24 7 32 14 21 21 10 Hickory—States ville Winston-SalemHigh Point 21 2 19 21 48 16 Amount of vacation pay2—Continued After 20 years of service:1 1 week.................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks ................................... 2 weeks .................................................................. 3 weeks .................................................................. Over 3 and under 4 weeks................................... 4 weeks .................................................................. 1 2 22 6 32 16 1 6 33 45 11 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Vacation payments, such as percent of annual earnings, were converted to an equivalent time basis. Periods of service were chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes indicated at 10 years may include changes that occurred between 5 and 10 7 32 17 59 5 15 12 3 years ib. 1 Vacation NOTE: . provisions were virtually the same after longer periods of service. Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. T ab le 36. Other hosiery: Health, insurance, and retirem ent plans (Percent of production workers in establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,' United States, selected region, States, and areas, July 1976) All workers.............................................................................. CJl Workers in establishments providing: Life insurance.......................................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................... Accidental death and dismemberment insurance...................................................... Noncontributory plans........................................................... Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both'1............................................................ Sickness and accident insurance........................................ Noncontributory plans....................................................... Long-term disability insurance................................................. Noncontributory plans Hospitalization insurance Noncontributory plans Surgical insurance................................................................... Noncontributory plans Medical insurance........ Noncontributory plans Major medical insurance Noncontributory plans........................................................... Retirement plans4.................................................................... Pensions................................................................................ Noncontributory plans....................................................... Severance pay ...................................................................... No plans................................................................................... United States2 Tennessee Hickory—States ville Winston-SalemHigh Point 100 100 100 100 95 44 96 43 100 56 90 44 98 37 67 46 73 33 72 28 90 56 62 24 75 19 56 56 56 41 41 18 48 48 25 25 14 95 95 95 95 43 43 24 - 30 30 9 - 48 48 16 - Middle Atlantic Southeast North Carolina 100 100 100 92 44 67 46 72 34 42 42 20 3 3 94 32 93 31 84 25 77 23 35 31 27 4 3 Areas States Regions Type of plan 2 2 . 100 94 29 93 29 83 23 80 45 77 22 77 22 42 22 22 33 29 24 5 3 32 32 32 - ' Includes those plans for which the employer pays at least part of the cost and excludes legally required plans such as workers’ compensation and social security; however, plans required by State temporary disability laws are included if the employer contributes more than is legally required or the employees receive benefits in excess of legal requirements. “Noncontributory plans” include only those plans financed entirely by the employer. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately 21 3 3 96 36 95 36 85 30 81 29 36 29 27 6 (5) - 93 31 90 27 69 18 69 18 40 40 40 - 100 34 100 2 34 90 27 88 25 35 23 23 12 - ‘ Unduplicated total of workers receiving sickness and accident insurance and sick leave shown separately. 1 Unduplicated total of workers covered by pension plans and severance pay shown separately. Less than 0.5 percent NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. T a b le 37. O ther hosiery: Other selected benefits (Percent of production workers in establishments with funeral leave pay, jury duty pay, and technological severance pay, 1 United States, selected regions, States, and areas, July 1976) United States2 Areas States Regions Type of benefit Middle Atlantic Southeast North Carolina Tennessee 56 68 7 21 9 22 19 Hickory-Statesville Winston-SalemHigh Point 6 31 9 16 Workers in establishments with provisions for: Funeral leave.............................................................................. Jury duty leave............................................................................ 1 For definition of items, see appendix A. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 13 26 NOTE: - Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey S co p e o f survey performed. An establishment is not necessarily identical w ith a company, which may consist of one establish ment or more. The survey included establishments engaged prim ari ly in knitting, dyeing, and finishing either w om en’s fullor knee-length hosiery (SIC 2251) or hosiery except w om en’s full or knee-length hosiery (SIC 2252) as defined in the 1967 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification M anual prepared by the U.S. Office of M anagement and Budget. Separate auxiliary units such as central offices were excluded. Establishments studied w ere selected from those employing 50 workers or more in w om en’s hosiery, and 20 workers or more in hosiery, except wom en’s at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists. Table A -l shows the number of establish ments and workers estimated to be within the scope of the survey, as well as the num ber actually studied by the Bureau. E m p lo y m e n t Estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the industry’s labor force, rather than as precise measures of employment. Production w o rk ers The term s “production w orkers” and “production and related w orkers,” used interchangeably in this bulletin, include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory w orkers engaged in nonoffice activities. Adm in istrative, executive, professional, and technical person nel, and force-account construction employees, who are used as a separate w ork force on the firm’s own properties, are excluded. Products Classification of establishments by product was based on the principal type of hosiery manufactured. F or example, if 60 percent of the total value of an establish m ent’s production was w om en’s full-fashioned hosiery, and 40 percent was panty-hose, all workers in that establishment w ere considered as producing w om en’s full-fashioned hosiery. O ccupational classification Occupational classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment and interarea variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix B for these descrip tions.) The criteria for selection of the occupations were: The num ber of w orkers in the occupation; the usefulness of the data in collective bargaining; and appropriate representation of the entire job scale in the industry. W orking supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, tem po rary, and probationary w orkers w ere not reported in the data for selected occupations but were included in the data for all production workers. M eth od o f study D ata were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s field staff to a representative sample of establishments within the scope of the survey. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of •large than of small establishments was studied. All estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry, excluding only those below the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data. W age d ata Establishm ent defin itio n Inform ation on wages relates to straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtim e and for 'w o rk on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive An establishment is defined for this study as a single physical location w here manufacturing operations are 47 T a b l e A -1 . E s t im a t e d n u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d e m p l o y e e s within s c o p e a n d n u m b e r st u d ie d , h o s i e r y m a n u fa c tu rin g , Ju ly 1976 Workers in establishments Number of establishments2 Region1 and area All hosiery mills-. United States1 ................................................................................ Middle Atlantic........................................................................... Southeast...................... North Carolina .......... Hickory—Statesville^ Winston-Salem-High Point*................................................. Tennessee .................. Women's hosiery mills-. United States4 ................................................................................ Southeast .. North Carolina Hickory—Statesville5 ............................................................. Winston-Salem-High Point6 ................................................. Tennessee ................................................................................ Other hosiery mills: United States4 ................................................................................ Middle Atlantic........................................................................... Southeast................................................................................... North Carolina........................................................................ Hickory—Statesville5 ............................................................. Winston-Salem-High Point6 ................................................. Tennessee ................................................................................ of s u r v e y Within scope of study Within scope of study Actually studied 357 15 317 237 86 87 36 Actually studied Total3 Production workers 176 11 145 102 36 40 20 52,897 2,165 47,070 32,966 6,569 16,391 6,644 47,716 1,783 42,810 30,093 5,916 15,089 5,966 37,302 2,029 31,950 22,469 4,341 11,474 4,300 118 99 76 15 31 11 67 54 40 8 18 7 26,243 23,618 16,261 2,347 7,417 3,470 23,803 21,564 14,865 2,070 6,877 3,175 19,596 17,306 12,061 1,831 5,839 2,448 239 6 218 161 71 56 25 109 6 91 62 28 22 13 26,654 1,433 23,452 16,705 4,222 8,974 3,174 23,913 1,203 21,246 15,228 3,846 8,212 2,791 17,706 1,433 14,644 10,408 2,510 5,635 1,852 the production worker category shown separately. 4 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study. 5 The Hickory—Statesville area includes Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, and Iredell Counties. 6 The Winston-Salem-High Point area includes Alamance, Davidson, Forsyth, Guilford, Randolph, and Surrey Counties. 1 The regions used in this study include M id d le A t l a n t ic — N e w Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; S o u t h e a s t — Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. 2 Includes only those establishments with 50 workers or more in women's hosiery and 20 workers or more in hosiery, execept women’s at the time of reference of the universe data. 3 Includes executive, professional, office, and other workers in addition to payments, such as those resulting from piecew ork or production bonus systems, and cost-of-living bonuses w ere included as part of the w orkers’ regular pay. N onproduction bonus payments, such as Christmas or yearend bonuses, w ere excluded. Standard M etropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of M anagement and Budget through February 1974. Except in N ew England, a Standard M etropolitan Statistical A rea is defined as a county or group of contiguous counties w hich contains at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more. Counties contiguous to the one containing such a city are included in a Standard M etropolitan Statistical A rea if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially m etro politan in character and are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In N ew England, w here the city and tow n are administratively m ore im portant than the county, they are the units used in defining Standard M etropolitan Statistical Areas. Average (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each occupation or category of workers, such as production workers, w ere calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the num ber of w orkers receiving the rate, totaling, and dividing by the num ber of individuals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing straight-time salary by normal (or standard) hours to which the salary corre sponds. T he median designates position; that is, one-half of the employees surveyed received more than this rate and one-half received less. The middle range is defined by tw o rates o f pay such that one-fourth of the employees earned less than the low er of these rates and one-fourth earned more than the higher rate. M eth od o f w a g e p aym en t Tabulations by m ethod of wage paym ent relate to the num ber o f w orkers paid under the various time and incentive wage systems. Form al rate structures for time-rated w orkers, provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job categories. In the absence o f a formal rate structure, pay rates are determ ined prim ari ly by the qualifications of the individual w orker. A single rate structure is one in w hich the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job classification. Learners, apprentices, or probationary w orkers may be paid according to rate schedules w hich Size o f com m u nity Tabulations by size of com m unity pertain to m etro politan and nonm etropolitan areas. The term “m etro politan areas,” as used in this bulletin, refers to the^ 48 start below the single rate and perm it the w orkers to achieve the full job rate over a period of time. An experienced w orker occasionally may be paid above or equivalent of 1 week’s pay. The periods of service for w hich data are presented represent the most common practices, but they do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. F or example, changes in proportions indicated at 10 years of service may include changes which occurred between 5 and 10 years. below the single rate for special reasons, but such payments are exceptions. Range-of-rate plans are those in which the minimum, maximum, or both of these rates paid experienced w orkers for the same job are speci fied. Specific rates of individual w orkers within the range may be determ ined by merit, length of service, or a combination o f these. Incentive w orkers are classified under piecew ork or bonus plans. Piecew ork is w ork for w hich a predeterm ined rate is paid for each unit of output. Production bonuses are for production in excess o f a quota or for com pletion of a task in less than standard time. Paid holidays. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day and half-day holidays provided annually. H ealth insurance, and retirement plans. D ata are presen ted for health, insurance, pension, and retirem ent severance plans for w hich the em ployer pays all or a part of the cost, excluding program s required by law such as w orkers’ compensation and social security. Am ong plans included are those underw ritten by a commercial insurance com pany and those paid directly by the em ployer from his current op erating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. D eath benefits are included as a form of life insur ance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance under which predeterm ined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or m onthly basis during illness or accident disability. Inform ation is presented for all such plans to which the em ployer contributes at least a part of the cost. H ow ever, in New York and New Jersey, where tem porary disability insurance laws require employer contributions,1 plans are included only if the employer (1) contributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employees with benefits which exceed the requirem ents of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans w hich provide full pay or a proportion of the w orker’s pay during absence from w ork because of illness; informal arrangements have been omitted. Sepa rate tabulations £re provided for (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. Long-term disability insurance plans provide pay ments to totally disabled employees upon the expiration of sick leave, sickness and accident insurance, or both, or after a specified period of disability (typically 6 months). Payments are made until the end of disability, a maximum age, or eligibility for retirem ent benefits. Payments may be full or partial, but are almost always reduced by social security, w orkers’ compensation, and private pension benefits payable to the disabled em ployee. Paid vacations. T he summary of vacation plans is limited to formal arrangem ents and exclude informal plans w hereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion o f the em ployer or supervisor. Payments not on a time basis w ere converted; for example, a payment o f 2 percent o f annual earnings was considered the Medical insurance refers to plans providing for com plete or partial paym ent of doctors’ fees. Such plans may be underw ritten by a commercial insurance com pany or a nonprofit organization, or they may be a form of self-insurance. M ajor medical insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical or catastrophe insurance, includes plans designed to cover employees for sickness or S cheduled w e ek ly hours D ata on weekly hours refer to the predom inant w ork schedule for full-time production w orkers employed on the day shift. S h ift p rovisions and practices Shift provisions relate to the policies of establish ments either currently operating late shifts or having formal provisions covering late-shift work. Practices relate to workers employed on late shifts at the time of the survey. E stablishm ent p ractices and s up p lem entary w ag e provisions Supplem entary benefits in an establishment were considered applicable to all production workers if they applied to half or more of such workers in the establishment. Similarly, if fewer than half of the w orkers w ere covered, the benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of length-ofservice and other eligibility requirements, the propor tion o f w orkers receiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated. 49 injury involving an expense w hich exceeds the normal coverage o f hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Tabulations o f retirem ent pensions are limited to plans w hich provide regular payments for the remain der o f the retiree’s life. D ata are presented separately for retirem ent severance pay (one paym ent or several over a specified period of time) made to employees on retirem ent. Establishments providing both retirem ent severance payments and retirem ent pensions to em ployees w ere considered as having both retirem ent pensions and retirem ent severance plans; how ever, establishments having optional plans providing em ploy ees a choice of either retirem ent severance payments or pensions w ere considered as having only retirem ent pension benefits. Paid funeral and jury-duty leave. D ata for paid funeral and jury-duty leave relate to formal plans w hich provide at least partial paym ent for time lost as a result o f attending funerals of specified family members or serving as a juror. Technological severance pay. D ata relate to formal plans providing for payments to employees perm anently separated from the com pany because of a technological change or plant closing. 1 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 50 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupa tional content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in indi vidual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field staff is instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. Adjuster and fixer, knitting machines Bagger Sets up, regulates, adjusts, and/or repairs knitting machines used in the hosiery industry. Work involves most of the following: Setting up knitting machines to pro duce the design, shape, and size desired in the product; regulating and adjusting the machines for efficient opera tion; attaching fixtures or attachments to the machines; examining product or machines faulty in operation to determine whether adjustments or repairs are necessary; dismantling or partly dismantling the machine; replacing broken, damaged, or wornout parts or performing other repairs, and reassembling the machines; and using a variety of handtools in adjusting, fitting, or replacing parts, fix tures, or attachments. Includes adjuster-fixers who may also perform duties as knitters or knitting machine tenders, or sewing machine repairers, providing pay rates reflect the adjuster qualifications. For wage survey purposes, workers are classified accord ing to type of machine as follows: Seamless, full- or knee-length Seamless, half-hose Places pairs of finished hose in bags made of cellophane, plastic or similar material prior to shipment. May also label and seal bags. Boarder, automatic Shapes and dries hosiery after dyeing by operating an automatic boarding machine. Work involves: Drawing and alining the various parts of damp hosiery over shaped forms which are automatically conveyed through a dry ing chamber; regulating the amount of steam or hot air delivered to the chamber; and observing finished work for proper operation. The machine automatically strips hosiery from the forms and stacks them neatly on board or table, placing individual or cluster of forms into steam pressure cham ber; removing forms from steam chamber; and stripping shaped hosiery from forms. Other (including combination ofabove) Boarders, Dunn method (Single boarder) Shapes and finally sets the stitch in dyed hosiery using the Dunn method or similar system of boarding. Work involves most of the following: Drawing and alining various parts of hose over form of machine; placing individual or cluster of forms into steam pressure chamber; removing forms from steam chamber; and stripping shaped hosiery from forms. Automatic packaging machine operator Operates automatic packaging machine. Work includes: Feeding hosiery into machine and monitoring operation of machine. Operator may also feed other materials, such as bags, frames, special containers, literature, etc., into machine. Includes operators of automatic folding and boxing machines. 51 Boarder, other than automatic Dyeing-machine tender Shapes and dries hosiery after dyeing by any method other than an automatic machine. Work involves most of the following: Drawing and alining the various parts of damp hosiery over shaped forms which may be stationary or attached to either an endless chain or revolving base; opening valves to admit steam or hot air to inside of forms or drying chamber; and removing or stripping dried and shaped hose from the forms. In addition, may place hosiery on stacking board in dozen groups and prepare identifica tion tickets for completed lots. Prepares and operates one or more o f the various types of dyeing machines or kettles used to dye hosiery. Work involves: Mixing dye colors, acids, and soap and water according to formula, and pouring solution into kettle or tank of machine, or opening and controlling valves which supply dyeing equipment with dyeing solution and water; loading material into machine or kettle; controlling steam valves to heat solution; starting and stopping the rotating or revolving mechanism of the machine; and removing dyed batch, draining solution from kettle or machine and rinsing equipment for next batch. May use mechanical hoist to lower or raise kettle baskets or other parts of equipment. Excludes workers who only mix dyes or take samples, and who do not regularly operate dye machines. Boxer Packs folded hosiery in cardboard boxes (usually 3, 6, or up to a dozen pairs to a box) and attaches labels thereto to indicate the color, size, lot number, etc., of the con tents. In addition, may insert descriptive literature in the boxes. Workers who also fold hosiery are excluded from this classification. Examiner (hosiery inspector) Examines and inspects hosiery for defects or flaws in knitting, looping, seaming or dyeing. Work involves most of the following: Drawing each hose over revolvable form or board; examining hose for defects and marking or indi cating each defect; testing stockings for weak spots by oper ating levers that expand jaws of pattern and stretch the stocking at various places; cutting loose ends of thread from stockings with scissors; and determining whether defective hose should be mended or rejected. In addition, may mend minor defects. For wage survey purposes, workers are classified as follows: Collection-system inspector (Knitting inspector) Examines seamless hosiery, delivered by conveyor sys tem from knitting machines to a central point, to deter mine whether machines are knitting properly. Work pri marily involves: Inspecting hose for defects such as holes, runs, torn threads, and dropped stitches; identifying defec tive machines by code on imperfect hose; and signaling fixer that machine is not knitting properly. May also sort hose according to size and style, tally number of hose inspected, and hang hose on rack. Workers who have no control over knitting machines, but examine and classify hose (e.g., determine whether hose are to be mended or rejected) are to be excluded from this classification. See EXAMINER (HOSIERY INSPECTOR). Grey (greigej examiner Finished examiner Other (including combination ofabove) Folder Folds hosiery in pairs and either bands them or places them in envelopes. Workers who also box hosiery by packing them in cardboard box are excluded from this classification. Folder and boxer Collection-system operator Performs a combination job of folding and boxing hos iery as described above. Excludes operators of automatic folding and boxing machines. Workers who either fold or box only are excluded from this classification. (Knitting attendant; utility operator) Supplies yarn as needed to seamless hosiery knitting machines which are equipped with a conveyor system that transports hose from the machine to a central inspec tion point. Work involves: Placing cones of yarn on ma chines; tailing ends of yarn being knitted to new yarns; threading yarn through guides; and attaching yarn to needles. May also assist knitting machine fixers in reset ting the machines and relieve collection-system inspectors as required. Knitter, women's seamless hosiery Operates one or more knitting machines that knit a complete woman’s seamless stocking. Work involves: Plac ing cones of yarn on machines and threading yarn through 52 guides and attaching it to the needles; starting machine and watching the fabric during the knitting process for defects o f any kind. For wage survey purposes, workers are classified accord ing to type of feed and machine, as follows: Mender, hand, grey Repairs, by hand, defects in hosiery prior to dyeing. Work involves most of the following: Locating marked defects such as holes, runs, pulled threads, and dropped stitches; sewing up holes in stocking with needle and thread; spreading part of stocking containing run over meding cup, and catching up run with a hand or electricpowered latching needle inserting missing strands of thread or replacing broken strands with new threads, using a latching needle; cutting off loose threads with scissors. Single-feed Two feed Four-feed Six-feed Eight-feed One piece panty hose machine Pairer Knitter, automatic Mates or arranges stockings or stocking blanks for panty hose in pairs so that they will correspond in size, color, length, and texture. Work involves: Laying or spreading the stockings or stocking blanks on pairing table; examining hose for imperfections and segregating the imperfect ones; and selecting two stockings or blanks having same color and size, and comparing them as to length of welt, foot, leg, and heel splicing or reinforcement. For wage survey purposes, workers are classified accord ing to type of hose as follows: Operates one or more machines that automatically knit a complete seamless stocking (other than women’s fulllength) from the top (ribbed top or welt) to the toe. Work involves most of the following: Placing spool or cone of yarn in yarn holder on machine; threading end of yarn through guides, and attaching it to the needles; starting machine which automatically knits the top, leg, heel, foot, and toe of a seamless stocking in one continuous operation; piecing-up broken ends by twisting or tying the two ends together; and inspecting stocking coming from knitting machine for defects and flaws. In addition, may count stockings, tie them into bundles, or attach card that identifies operator by style number. Stockings Panty hose Other (including combination ofabove) Preboarder Knitter, string Shapes and sets the stitch in hosiery in the greige (in the grey state prior to dyeing) using one of several types of machines equipped with steam-heated pressure retort, chamber, or cabinet, and metal hosiery forms. Work in volves a combination of the following: Drawing and align ing various parts of hose over form; placing individual or cluster of forms into steam pressure chamber (or may place forms on racks which are pushed into steam chamber by floor worker); removing forms from steam chamber; and stripping shaped hosiery from forms. May work with two sets of forms, stripping hose from one set while the second is being steamed, or two workers may operate as a team; forms may be placed into steam chamber manually, or automatically by pushing button, depending upon type of machine. Operators of the Dunn method are not included in this classification. Also excluded are workers engaged in partial heat setting performed prior to dyeing. In this operation, the grey hosiery is not preboarded but rather hung by the toe onto a rack and then placed in a steam pressure chamber, which partially sets (shrinks) the fabric. Operates one or more circular knitting machines that knit seamless stockings in a continuous string, which is cut later at proper places to make individual stockings. Work involves most of the following: Placing cones of yarn on cone holder of machine; threading end of yarn through guides and attaching to needles; starting opera tion of machine which automatically knits the leg, heel, foot, and toe o f the stocking in a continuous string; piecingup broken ends by twisting or tying the two ends together; adjusting, replacing, and/or straightening broken, defective, or bent needles; and removing the knitted material from the machine by cutting the threads with scissors. Mender, hand, finish Repairs by hand, defects in hosiery prior to folding and boxing. Work involves most of thefollowing: Locating marked defects such as holes, runs, pulled threads, and dropped stitches; sewing up holes in stocking with needle and thread; spreading part o f stocking containing run over mending cup, and catching up run with a hand or electricpowered latching needle; inserting missing strands of thread or replacing broken strands with new threads, using a latch ing needle; cutting off loose threads with scissors. May also do inspecting or pairing. Repairer, sewing machine Adjusts and repairs sewing machines used in the estab lishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining 53 machines faulty in operation to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines, replacing broken or worn out parts or performing other repairs, and reassembling machines; adjusting machines to function efficiently by turning adjustment screws and nuts; regulat ing length of stroke of needle, and horizontal movement feeding mechanism under needle; replacing or repairing transmission belts; preparing specifications for major repairs and initiating orders for replacement parts; using a variety of handtools in fitting and replacing parts. Seamer, toe sewing them to a gusset, as well as those joining blanks by sewing a U-seam or straight seam which does not require a gusset. Excluded are workers engaged in sewing labels to hose, but not attaching leg blanks or elastic waistbands. For wage survey purposes, workers are classified accord ing to type of operation performed. Leg blank sewer (including back and crotch seamers) Elastic sewer Other (including combination ofabove) Transfer-machine operator Operates a seaming machine to produce an overedge or flat-butted seam to close the toes of seamless hosiery. Operates machine that stamps identifying information such as size, trademark, type and gage of yarn, on foot, toe, or heel of hose. Work involves most of the following: Selecting roll of transfer paper and placing roll on reel; threading paper under heating element onto take-up reel; adjusting feeding guides of conveyor belt to size of hose; and starting machine and positioning hose on conveyor belt against guides. May observe finished work for proper operation and make adjustments to machine. Sewing-machine operator (panty hose) Operates a standard or special purpose sewing machine to perform the sewing operations required in joining together leg blanks of panty hose and attaching elastic around the top. Includes workers who join leg blanks by 54 Industry Wage Studies The most recent reports providing occupational wage data for industries included in the Bureau’s program of in dustry wage surveys since 1960 are listed below. Copies are for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov ernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or from any of its regional sales offices, and from the regional of fices of the Bureau of Labor Statistics shown on the inside back cover. Copies that are out of stock are available for reference purposes at leading public, college, or university libraries, or at the Bureau’s Washington or regional offices. Manufacturing Manufacturing- Con tinued Basic Iron and Steel, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1839 Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1975. BLS Bulle tin 1939 Cigar Manufacturing, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1796 Cigarette Manufacturing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1944 Corrugated and Solid Fiber Boxes, 1976. BLS Bulletin Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1967 Textiles, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1945 Wages and Demographic Characteristics in Work Clothing Manufacturing, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1858 West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1704 Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1921 Fabricated Structural Steel, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1935 Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1763 Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1728 Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1908 Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1930. 1803 Fluid Milk Industry, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1871 Footwear, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1946 Hosiery, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1987 Industrial Chemicals, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1768 Iron and Steel Foundries, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1894 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1835 Machinery Manufacturing, 1974-75. BLS Bulletin, 1929 Meat Products, 1974, BLS Bulletin 1896 Men’s and Boys’ Separate Trousers, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1906 Men’s and Boys’ Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Night wear. 1974. BLS Bulletin 1901 Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1962 Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1914 Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1973-74. BLS Bulletin 1912 Nonferrous Foundries, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1952 Paints and Varnishes, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1973 Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1719 Petroleum Refining, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1948 Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1923 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1844 Shipbuilding and Reparing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1968 Southern Sawmills and Planing Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1694 Structural Clay Products, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1942 Synthetic Fibers, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1975 Nonmanufacturing Appliance Repair Shops, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1936 Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1876 Banking, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1862 Bituminous Coal Mining, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1583 Communications, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1954 Contract Cleaning Services, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1916 Contract Construction, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1911 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1797 Department Stores, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1869 Educational Institutions: Nonteaching Employees, 196869. BLS Bulletin 1671 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1834 Hospitals, 1975-76. BLS Bulletin 1949 Hotels and Motels, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1883 Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 16451 Life Insurance, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1791 Metal Mining, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1820 Motion Picture Theaters, 1966. BLS Bulletin 15421 Nursing Homes and Related Facilities, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1974 Scheduled Airlines, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1951 Wages and Tips in Restaurants and Hotels, 1970. BLS Bulle tin 1712 1Bulletin out of stock. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1978 0 — 261-017 A f lf E W BLS HANDBOOK <H Min iHMM F o r S u rv e y s a n d S tu d ie s • 1 0 7 0 E d itio n C o n su m e r e x p e n d itu r e s an d in c o m e C o n s u m e r a n d w h o le s a le p r ic e s C h a p t e r s c o n t a i n a b r ie f a c c o u n t o f e a c h m a jo r p r o g r a m a n d w h a t it a t t e m p t s to d o , w h e r e t h e b a s ic d a ta c o m e fr o m , d e f i n i t i o n o f t e r m s and co n c e p ts. S o u rces of m o r e in fo r m a tio n — s o m e m o r e p o p u la r , s o m e m o r e t e c h n i c a l — a r e lis te d . 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D e a rb o rn S tr e e t S a n F ra n c is c o , C a lif. 9 4 1 0 2 N e w Y prk, N Y. 1 0 0 3 6 C h ic a g o , III. 6 0 6 0 4 P h o n e : (4 1 5 ) 5 5 6 -4 6 7 8 P hone: (2 1 2 )3 9 9 -5 4 0 5 P h o n e : (3 1 2 ) 3 5 3 -1 8 8 0 Region III * R e g io n s V II a n d V III a re s e rv ic e d Region VI 3 5 3 5 M a r k e t S tr e e t S e c o n d F lo o r P.O . B o x 1 3 3 0 9 5 5 5 G r iffin S q u a re B u ild in g P h ila d e lp h ia , Pa. 19101 D a lla s , Tex. 7 5 2 0 2 P h o n e : (2 1 5 ) 5 9 6 -1 1 5 4 P h o n e : (2 1 4 ) 7 4 9 -3 5 1 6 b y K a n sa s C ity ** R e g io n s IX a n d X a re s e rv ic e d b y S a n F ra n c is c o U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Official Business P e n a lty fo r p riv a te use, $ 3 0 0 Lab-441
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