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INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Contract Cleaning Services I SUMMER 1961 B u lle tin N o. 1 3 2 7 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commisjioner INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Contract Cleaning Services SUMMER 1961 Bulletin No. 1327 April 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. GoldLerg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U .S. Governm ent Printing Office, W ashington 25, D .C . Price 25 cents Preface Information on wages and supplementary wage practices in the contract cleaning services industries in 20 metropolitan areas studied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, during the summer of 1961, is summarized in this report. Separate releases were issued following comple tion of the survey in each of the areas, usually within a few months of the payroll period to which the data relate. Copies of these releases, which provide information on supplementary benefits as well as earnings data, are available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Wash ington 25, D. C. , or from any of its regional offices. This report was prepared by George L. Stelluto of the Bureau’s Division of Wages and Industrial Relations. Field work for the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional Directors for Wages and Industrial Relations. iii Contents Page Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Industry characteristics -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Average hourly earnings___________________________________________________________ Occupational earnings ______________________________________________________________ Establishment practices and supplementary wage p ro v isio n s---------------------------Scheduled weekly hours _________________________________________________________ Paid holidays ____________________________________________________________________ Paid vacations -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Health, insurance, and pension plans ________________________________________ Nonproduction bonuses _________________________________________________________ 1 1 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 Tables: Earnings distribution: 1. A ll production workers _________________________________________________ 2. Men production workers ________________________________________________ 3. Women production workers _____________________________________________ 5 6 7 Average hourly earnings: 4. Selected occupations ____________________________________________________ 8 Occupational earnings distribution: 5. Cleaners, heavy, daywork— m e n _______________________________________ 6. Cleaners, heavy, nightwork— men ____________________________________ 7. Cleaners, light, nightwork— women ----------------------------------------------------8. Window washers— men __________________________________________________ 10 11 12 13 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: 9. Scheduled weekly hours— selected occupations_______________________ 10. Paid holidays ____________________________________________________________ 11. Paid vacations ___________________________________________________________ 12. Health, insurance, and pension p la n s __________________________________ 13. Nonproduction bonuses ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 16 17 19 20 Appendixes: A. Scope and method of survey ________________________________________________ B. Occupational descriptions _________________________________________________ 21 25 Industry W age Survey— Contract Cleaning Services, Summer 1961 Summary Average hourly earnings (excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends and holidays) of production and related workers in contract cleaning services establishments ranged from $ 1 .0 7 in Atlanta to $ 2 .2 5 in San Francisco—Oakland, among the 20 large metropolitan areas studied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics during the summer of 1961. 1 The proportions of workers earning less than $ 1 .1 5 an hour ranged from slightly m ore than 80 percent in Atlanta and Dallas to less than 3 percent in 10 areas. Men window washers, the highest paid job studied in nearly all areas, had average hourly earnings ranging from $ 1 .0 8 in Atlanta to approximately $3 in Detroit, Los Angeles—Long Beach, and San Francisco—Oakland. Average hourly earnings for light cleaners, the lowest paid and in m ost areas numerically the largest occupational group studied, ranged from 79 cents in Atlanta to $2. 14 in San Francisco—Oakland. A majority of the workers in m ost areas were employed by establishments having form al provisions for paid holidays and paid vacations as well as various types of health and insurance benefits. Industry Characteristics The Bureau*s study covered establishments prim arily engaged in clean ing windows, disinfecting buildings, exterminating insects and rodents, and in fur nishing dwellings and other buildings with specialized services, such as janitorial service, floor waxing, and office cleaning on a fee or contract basis. It is esti mated that the 20 areas within scope of the study accounted for approximately half of the Nation*s employment in this industry group. Employment in these indus tries has increased substantially during the past few years. Based on the latest available information published by the U. S. Department of Comm erce, employment increased from 50 ,783 in November 1954 to 91 ,127 in November 1958. 2 Most of this increase was accounted for by establishments providing janitorial services. Establishments prim arily engaged in furnishing janitorial services ac counted for the majority of the workers in 19 of the 20 areas studied; in P itts burgh, employment was nearly equally divided between establishments providing janitorial services and those prim arily engaged in window cleaning. In all areas except Pittsburgh, window cleaning establishments accounted for a fourth or less of the employment. Establishments prim arily engaged in disinfecting and exter minating accounted for approximately two-fifths of the employment in M iam i, a third in New Orleans, a fifth in Atlanta, an eighth in Baltim ore, Philadelphia, and St. Louis, and less than a tenth in all other areas. Virtually none of the establishments visited reported floor waxing as their prim ary service. Most commonly, establishments provided two or m ore types of service. 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey; also for definition of earnings data presented in this report. For definition of areas covered and pay roll period concerned for each area, see table in appendix A. 2 1958 Census of Business, Selected Services, U. S. Department of Com m erce, Series BC58-SS2, pp. 10 and 11. 1 2 New York Los Angeles—Long cent) of the 51, 130 areas employed as below 1,000. City, employing an estimated 16,490 production workers, and Beach, with 7,178 workers, accounted for nearly half (46 per workers covered by the 20-area study. None of the remaining many as 3,0 0 0 workers, and in 6 areas the employment was Typically, contract cleaning services establishments employ fewer than 50 workers. In some of the larger areas, however, a few establishments em ployed more than 500 workers and in some instances more than 1,500. Labor-management agreements covering wages and working conditions of production workers were reported by establishments accounting for nine-tenths of such employment in New York City, Newark and Jersey City, and the three Pacific Coast cities and from three-fourths to somewhat more than four-fifths in Chicago, Cleveland, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis. The proportion was between a half and seven-tenths in Detroit, Minneapolis—St. Paul, and Wash ington, D. C. ; nearly a half in Boston; slightly more than a fourth in Milwaukee; and a tenth in Miami. Such agreements were not reported by any of the estab lishments visited in Atlanta, Baltimore, Dallas, and New Orleans. The Building Service Employees* International Union (AFL-CIO) is the predominant labor o r ganization in the industry. With the exception of a few areas, virtually all of the workers were paid on a tim e-rate basis. Wage rates for the majority of these workers were deter mined by formalized pay systems providing single rates for established occupa tional classifications in all except seven areas. The majority of the workers in Atlanta, Boston, Dallas, New Orleans, and Pittsburgh were in establishments in which pay rates were determined primarily in relation to the qualifications of the individual employees. In Minneapolis—St. Paul, the wages of nearly half the work ers were determined individually and a sim ilar proportion of the workers were paid under single-rate system s. Form al pay systems that included ranges of rates for individual jobs were m ost common in Milwaukee. Atlanta, Baltimore, Dallas, Miami, New Orleans, and Pittsburgh were the only areas in which as many as a tenth of the workers were paid on an incentive basis. Most com monly, such payments were in the form of commissions for exterminators. Men accounted for the large majority of the production workers in each of the areas except Cleveland, where two-thirds of the workers were women. Dallas and Detroit were the only other areas in which women accounted for as much as two-fifths of the workers. A ll window washers, exterminators, and floor waxers, and virtually all heavy cleaners in each of the areas were men. Women accounted for the large majority of the light cleaners in all areas ex cept Boston, Los Angeles—Long Beach, Minneapolis—St. Paul, New Orleans, St. Louis, and San Francisco—Oakland. Full-tim e workers engaged in light or heavy cleaning duties accounted for the large majority of the industry*s employment in m ost of the areas. Light cleaners significantly outnumbered heavy cleaners in 13 areas; employment for these two groups was about equal in Boston, Miami, Minneapolis—St. Paul, Phila delphia, and Seattle; and heavy cleaners substantially outnumbered light cleaners in Atlanta and Milwaukee. Exterminators accounted for about a fifth of the total work force in Miami and New Orleans, compared with a tenth or less in all other areas. The proportions of workers employed as window washers were nearly a fourth in Philadelphia, a fifth in Chicago and Pittsburgh, an eighth in Cleveland, and less than a tenth in the remaining areas. Floor waxers ac counted for less than a tenth of the workers in all areas. 3 The large majority of the cleaners in all areas were employed during the evening hours. In some instances, these workers received pay differentials over established day rates. A ll such payments have been included in the earn ings data presented in this report. Average Hourly Earnings Average hourly earnings for all production workers in the contract clean ing services industries ranged from $1. 07 in Atlanta to $2. 25 in San Francisco— Oakland (table 1). Nearly identical averages ($ 1 .8 4 and $ 1 .8 5 ) were recorded for New York City and Los Angeles—Long Beach, the two areas employing the largest number of workers in the industry. Regionally, earnings were generally highest among the Pacific Coast areas and lowest among the southern cities. Interarea variations in overall average earnings appear to reflect the influence of a combination of factors including differences in the types of service p er formed, proportions of men and women, and the extent of lab or-management contract coverage. Thus, the higher average earnings in Miami and New Orleans as compared with other southern areas reflect in part the relatively greater em ployment of exterminators, one of the higher paid jobs in the industry. In each of the five areas with averages in excess of $ 1 . 8 0 , the proportion of workers covered by the term s of collective bargaining agreements was four-fifths or m ore. Men earned m ore as a group than women in each of the areas studied (tables 2 and 3). In nine of the areas, the wage advantage for men was m ore than 35 cents an hour. The proportions of workers earning less than $1. 15 an hour ranged from about 83 to 84 percent in Atlanta and Dallas to less than 3 percent in 10 areas. Milwaukee, Minneapolis—St. Paul, and Pittsburgh were the only areas outside the South in which m ore than 10 percent of the workers earned less than $ 1 . 1 5 . Atlanta was the only area in which a substantial proportion (18 percent) of the workers earned less than $ 1 an hour. In m ost of the areas, large proportions of workers were concentrated within comparatively narrow earnings ranges— a l though these ranges differed among areas. Thus, nearly two-thirds of the work ers in Dallas earned between $1 and $ 1 . 0 5 an hour; in Detroit, more than twofifths earned between $ 1 . 5 0 and $ 1 . 6 0 ; and in San Francisco—Oakland, two-fifths earned between $ 2 . 2 0 and $ 2 . 3 0 an hour. Occupational Earnings The occupations for which separate data are provided in table 4 accounted for m ore than three-fifths of the production workers in all but three of the areas. Men employed as window washers, the highest paid job studied in nearly all areas, had average hourly earnings ranging from $1. 08 in Atlanta to approximately $3 in Detroit, Los Angeles—Long Beach, and San Francisco—Oakland. In all areas except Dallas, Miami, Milwaukee, and New Orleans, these workers commonly received extra pay for hazardous work, including the use of scaffolds, high lad ders, and bosun chairs. Such payments, when reported, were included in the earnings data. Virtually all of the workers assigned to heavy cleaning tasks were men who, in m ost areas, averaged from 50 cents to $1 an hour less than window washers. In m ost of the areas permitting comparisons, heavy cleaners em ployed at night averaged m ore than those working during the day; however, in some areas there was a reverse relationship. 4 Light cleaning tasks were usually performed by women in all areas ex cept Boston, Los Angeles—Long Beach, Minneapolis—St. Paul, New Orleans, St. Louis, and San Francisco—Oakland where men outnumbered women in this job. In m ost areas, earnings of women employed in light cleaning averaged from 15 to 35 cents an hour less than workers performing heavy cleaning. Earnings of individual workers varied within the same job and area (tables 5 through 8). The extent of this variation differed considerably among the areas and for different jobs within the same area. For example, earnings of men heavy cleaners employed at night were closely grouped in Atlanta (nearly 90 percent earned between $1 and $ 1 . 0 5 ) , whereas the earnings of the middle half of these workers in New York City ranged from $ 1 . 5 9 to $2. 11. Nearly nine-tenths of the women light cleaners in New York City earned between $1.60 and $1.70 an hour. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Data were also obtained on work schedules and supplementary benefits, including paid holidays and vacations, retirement plans, life insurance, sickness and accident insurance, hospitalization, surgical, and medical benefits for pro duction workers. Scheduled Weekly Hours. Work schedules of 40 hours a w eek3 were commonly reported for workers employed during daylight hours, whereas shorter workweeks were usually found for those working at night in m ost of the cities permitting comparisons (table 9). Thus, Chicago and the three West Coast areas were the only cities in which a majority of the women light cleaners employed at night were scheduled to work as many as 40 hours a week. Paid Holidays. Paid holidays were provided by establishments employ ing four-fifths or more of the workers in 14 of the 20 areas (table 10). In the remaining areas, the proportions were about a tenth in Atlanta and New Orleans, a fifth in Milwaukee, a third in Baltimore and M iami, and three-fifths in Minneapolis—St. Paul. Workers in New York City m ost commonly received 10 paid holidays a year compared with 6, 7, or 8 days in m ost of the other areas . Paid Vacations. Provisions for paid vacations after qualifying periods of service applied to a majority of the workers in all areas except Baltimore, Dallas, and New Orleans (table 11). In m ost areas, workers commonly received a week1s vacation after 1 year of service and 2 w eeks1 vacation after 2 years. Provisions for 3 weeks of vacation pay were commonly reported in only seven areas. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans. Establishments providing at least part of the cost of some type of health, insurance, or pension plan accounted for the majority of the workers in all areas except Atlanta, Boston, Dallas, Newark and Jersey City, New Orleans, St. Louis, and Washington, D. C. (table 12). Hospitalization benefits were provided a majority of the workers in 13 areas; surgical insurance in 10 areas; and life insurance in 9 areas. Los A n gelesLong Beach, New York City, and San Francisco—Oakland were the only areas in which retirement pensiop benefits (other than those provided under Federal oldage, survivors, and disability insurance) were common. Nonproduction Bonuses. Nonproduction bonuses, typically provided at Christmas or yearend, applied to a majority of the production workers in Atlanta, Newark and Jersey City, and Pittsburgh (table 13). In the remaining areas, the proportions of workers receiving such bonus payments ranged from as much as two-fifths in Philadelphia to less than a tenth in Boston, Dallas, Detroit, M il waukee, St. Louis, and Seattle. 3 For definition of weekly hours as used in this report, see appendix A. Table 1. Earnings Distribution: All Production Workers (P e r c e n t d istribu tion o f production w ork ers in con tract cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents by average straigh t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s ,1 20 se le cted a rea s, sum m er 1961) N ortheast A v era ge h ourly earnings 1 B oston New Y ork City . Newark and J e rs e y Citv _ South P h ila P it t s delphia burgh 0. 1 _ Atlanta North Central New B a lti D allas M iam i O rleans m o re W ash ington, D. C. 317. 7 0. 1 0 .9 4. 1 0. 6 4 .8 . 1 .5 5 .7 2. 3 3. 2 26 .5 1.7 2. 6 56. 2 3.9 4 .8 1.7 .8 45. 2 _ 5. 1 .3 3.9 63.7 14.8 4 .6 .5 .5 35.7 1. 8 3. 1 .9 2 5 .4 7 .8 9 .4 4 .8 2. 3 2. 3 .4 17.0 4 9.9 .1 _ 0 .4 2. 8 .2 22 .4 7.9 4. 2 11.5 6.7 5 .0 8. 3 .2 1. 2 . 1 2 .4 4. 1 2 .6 2 .4 1. 2 2 .6 1 .4 .7 .6 .5 16. 6 2. 1 1. 6 1.7 .9 3 .6 1.5 .8 . 1 .2 5 .4 10.5 1.9 1. 5 1. 5 6 .4 1.8 1.8 1.8 3 .8 6 .9 .4 1. 1 .4 .1 4. 1 33. 5 3. 5 18.0 2. 6 14.5 6. 3 6. 2 1. 1 1. 2 34.9 3. 1 4. 5 8. 8 2 .0 1 .4 . 3 1 0.6 .6 .7 2. 3 .4 .2 1.0 .5 4. 3 2. 3 2. 3 3. 1 .9 2. 1 .8 .8 6. 1. 4. 2. 1. 1 3 2 3 5 5 .5 3 .4 2. 3 2 .4 2. 3 4 .6 11.4 3. 1 1. 1 .3 1.7 .7 1.2 3 .5 1.5 1. 8 14. 9 4. 6 .8 .7 8 .4 2. 5 12.7 .6 - .8 .4 .8 1. 1 - 3.9 .3 .9 1. 2 .2 1.0 $2. 30 and under $2. 40 $ 2. 40 and under $ 2. 50 2 .4 .5 5. 2 .6 .8 4 .5 2. 6 3 .5 1. 2 1. 3 2 .4 1 .4 2. 3 1.8 1. 3 $2. 60 and under $2. 7 0 ------------------- 1.5 .3 2. 8 1. 2 1 .4 .9 .3 1. 1 .5 .3 .4 - 1. 3 .1 .1 .4 .3 .2 4 .9 .8 3.9 1. 6 . 1 1. 1 . 1 1. 5 .4 .4 .4 . 1 .8 1 .6 .4 .9 .8 .6 ( 2) . 1 " 1. 2 .7 1.0 .6 . 3 .1 .4 1. 6 . 1 .2 _ 1. 3 5. 3 Under $ 1.00 _ $ 1 .0 0 and under $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .0 5 and under $1. 10 $ 1 .1 5 and under $ 1. 20 $ 1 .3 5 and under $ 1.40 $ 1. 50 and tinder $ 1. 60 $ 1. 80 and under $ 1 .9 0 (2) 3 .4 1. 2 1.5 .1 1. 1 2.0 2.0 13.7 7. 1 23. 1 13.7 5. 1 2. 6 1. 3 1 .6 1. 1 .4 8 .9 4 .9 5 .4 1. 3 .4 _ $2. 80 and under $2. 90 $ 2. 90 and under $ 3. 00 .3 .1 $ 3. 00 and o v e r .2 T otal - (2) 0 .4 1. 1 .8 .8 -1 _ _ - _ .2 _ .9 _ 2. 3 _ _ - West M inne C le v e M ilw au Chicago D etroit apolis— land kee St. Paul _ _ St. Louis _ 0. 1 0 .4 _ _ 8 .4 5 .6 10. 2 1. 6 4 .4 0 .8 6 .8 5. 2 22.8 _ _ 2 .6 .3 _ 2. 1 .3 •1 .4 11.8 6 .0 5 .6 .2 .5 .6 1.7 2 .8 1. 6 .8 45. 3 9. 1 1. 3 2. 2 2 .4 .9 .8 .3 2. 6 8 .5 .8 7 .5 8. 1 4 .6 2. 5 1. 1 .8 1 .4 2 .4 1. 3 26. 1 .9 4. 2 .9 2.0 1. 5 3. 2 7. 3 .2 4. 8 9 .5 2 7 .4 2 .9 2. 3 17.9 .7 .9 .2 " 4 4.0 12.0 7 .5 8 .8 1.8 4. 1 6 .0 11.0 2. 3 1.5 21.7 3 .0 4. 5 8. 3 10. 2 .7 .3 .1 2 .5 2. 2 10. 1 5.0 .3 .3 .6 2. 2 2. 5 .4 - 3. 5 3 .9 7. 1 .4 - - " _ _ .2 - _ _ . - - .4 .4 .3 3.8 1.6 0 .4 1. 3 1.5 .1 ( 2) 0. 5 4 .9 6. 1 1.7 6 .7 . 1 5. 1 4 .8 41.9 17.5 9 .4 .7 _ 1.4 .7 .2 11.7 11. 3 18. 3 42.0 3. 3 .6 4 .6 2. 4 2. 1 .3 .3 1.8 4. 2 1.7 1.1 .6 .3 9 .5 8.7 39.6 1.0 10.4 6. 3 7.7 2 .4 2. 1 .2 .8 8 .7 1.2 .3 .5 .2 .2 .5 1.7 1. 2 2.5 (2) 1. 1 12. 3 .8 .6 .1 . 1 3.7 1.9 .8 .6 .6 1.0 .2 - .3 .3 .6 1. 1 1. 2 2 .8 7. 2 1. 2 _ _ 0. 3 .1 (2) _ _ .8 .4 .3 17.7 1 .8 _ San Los A n g e le s - F ran Seattle Long c is c o — Beach Oakland - .3 _ _ _ _ - .3 _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ 3 .4 2 .4 3.8 8 .4 1.0 - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,987 $1. 51 16,490 $ 1 .8 4 2,887 $1. 51 1, 414 $ 1 .7 0 972 $ 1 .7 2 1,406 $ 1 .0 7 1, 150 $ 1 .2 9 684 1, 183 $1. 13 $ 1 .4 2 798 $ 1 .5 2 2, 267 $1. 25 2, 598 $ 2 .0 2 1,739 1,588 $1. 58 $ 1 .8 0 482 $1. 58 1, 184 $1. 56 781 $ 1 .4 7 7, 178 $ 1 .8 5 2, 900 $2. 25 622 $ 2 .0 0 ____ d L 1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends and holid ays. 2 L e s s than 0. 05 p ercen t. 3 W ork ers w ere d istributed as fo llo w s: 1.9 percen t under $0. 65; 8. 1 p e rce n t at $0. 65 to $0. 70; 1.0 p e rce n t at $0. 70 to $0. 75; 3. 4 p e rce n t at $0. 75 to $0. 80; 0. 4 percen t at $0. 80 to $0. 85; 1 .6 p e rce n t at $ 0 .8 5 to $ 0 .9 0 ; and 1 .4 p e rce n t at $ 0 .9 0 to $ 0 .9 5 . N OTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal 100. Table 2. Earnings Distribution: Men Production Workers (P e rce n t distribu tion o f m en produ ction w ork ers in contract cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents by average straigh t-tim e hourly earn in gs,1 2 0 s e le cted a rea s , sum m er 1961) South N ortheast A v era ge hourly earnings 1 B oston New Y ork City Newark and Jersey City P h ila P itts delphia burgh Atlanta B a lti m o re D allas M iam i North Central New O rleans W ash ington, D. C. _ 0. 1 _ _ _ 4.9 0. 1 1. 1 4 .9 0. 7 0. 1 . _ _ 0. 5 _ (2 ) 2 .9 1. 0 .6 1.7 1. 2 1. 2 .2 0 .6 (2) .9 1.4 1. 1 _ - 2. 0 6. 1 .7 2. 1 63.4 4 .7 5.7 2. 1 1.0 4 7 .8 5 .4 .4 4. 1 40. 7 24.7 5 .9 .8 .9 26 .4 1. 8 1.8 1. 1 24. 1 7 .7 7. 0 3.7 1.7 1.9 .3 15. 3 46. 5 . 1 _ 0. 1 3. 5 .2 _ 1. 8 . .2 _ . 0. 2 .1 _ 9 5 0 2 2 3 .4 .6 1.7 1. 0 .3 16. 2 4 .8 3. 5 11.8 7 .9 _ 0. 8 . 1 1. 1 .2 1.8 5 .4 2. 3 2. 5 1. 6 3.2 1.7 .9 .8 .6 12. 1 2. 2 1. 6 1. 8 .8 6. 3 2.7 .8 .2 .3 6. 2 12. 1 2. 3 1.6 1. 2 6 .9 1.9 2. 0 1. 6 4. 1 9 .8 .5 1. 1 .5 .1 .6 .4 1. 3 2 .4 1.7 2. 0 .5 .4 1. 1 5. 5 10. 2 3 .8 6 .4 1. 5 .4 5 .9 2. 3 4. 2 28. 2 3 .4 17.9 7. 5 8. 1 1. 5 1. 7 43. 3 3. 8 5 .6 11. 0 2. 5 1. 3 .5 12. 0 .8 1. 2 2.9 .5 .3 1.2 .6 4. 5 2 .4 2. 5 3. 3 .8 3 .8 1. 5 1.4 .3 7 .4 1. 6 5. 1 2. 8 1.8 6. 1 3.9 2. 1 2.7 2. 6 2 .9 2. 2 4 .6 10. 5 .3 5 .5 9 .6 10.9 3. 2 3. 0 1 0 ___________ 2 0 ___________ 3 0 ___________ 4 0 ___________ 5 0 ___________ 2. 8 .6 6. 1 .7 1. 0 7. 1 17.9 5. 0 1. 8 .4 2. 3 1. 0 1.7 4 .6 2. 0 2. 3 18. 6 5.7 1. 1 .9 13. 5 3.9 20. 2 1.0 - 1.0 .4 1.0 1.3 - 4. 1 .4 .9 1. 3 .2 1.8 . 1.7 4. 1 5. 5 3. 2 4. 2 1.4 1.6 2.7 1. 6 2 .6 2. 0 1.4 1. 0 .4 . 1 - 6 0 ___________ 7 0 ___________ 8 0 ----------------9 0 ----------------0 0 ___________ 1.7 .4 .4 •1 4. 5 1.9 2. 2 1. 5 .4 1. 5 .7 .4 .6 - 1.6 .1 .1 .4 .4 .3 7 .9 1. 3 6. 2 2 .6 .1 1.4 .2 - 1.6 .5 .5 .5 . 1 _ 1 .4 - 1.4 .9 1. 2 .7 .4 1.9 .4 1. 0 .9 .7 _ .1 . 1 . - U nder $ 1. 0 0 ----------------------------------$ 1. 00 $ 1. 05 $1. 10 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1. 20 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 0 5 ___________ $ 1 . 1 0 ___________ $1. 1 5 ___________ $ 1 . 2 0 ___________ $ 1. 2 5 ___________ $ 1 .2 5 $ 1. 30 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1. 40 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 3 0 ___________ $ 1 . 3 5 ___________ $ 1 . 4 0 ___________ $ 1 . 4 5 ___________ $ 1 . 5 0 ___________ 14. 5. 24. 13. 2. $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1. 80 $ 1 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 6 0 ___________ $ 1 . 7 0 ___________ $ 1 . 8 0 ___________ $ 1 .9 0 —_________ $ 2. 0 0 ___________ $2. $2. $2. $ 2. $2. 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $2. $2. $2. $ 2. $2. $ 2. $2. $2. $2. $2. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2. $2. $2 . $2. $ 3. $3. 00 and o v e r -----------------------------T otal N um ber of w ork ers ---------------------A v era ge h ou rly earnings 1 ------------ _ _ _ _ 12.9 3. 3 6. 0 - _ _ 7. 5 6. 2 2. 1 0. 2 (2 ) _ _ _ _ .1 .2 .7 .1 .3 7 .9 .5 8 .6 2 .4 5. 0 2.7 1. 2 .8 1.4 2. 5 _ 34. 9 1. 2 5. 6 1. 2 .3 .3 (2 ) 29. 5 2. 2 2 .9 .5 - 2 6.4 9 .8 11.9 15. 0 3. 0 4 .8 6 .9 12. 6 2 .6 1.7 19. 1 2.9 4. 7 8 .8 10.8 6. 5 8. 2 2. 2 8 .9 .2 3. 3 3. 0 13.7 6 .8 .4 .9 .5 - .8 4. 0 4 .4 .7 4. 1 4. 5 8. 1 .5 - 3. 5 .6 4 .8 2. 5 2 .2 .3 .3 2 .4 _ .3 5. 2. 1. . . 1. 1 *.6 .5 24. 3 2. 5 39. 0 1. 1 1. 1 1.8 1.4 1. 0 .1 .1 6. 7 2. 1 1. 0 .7 .7 1. 2 .9 11. 6 _ _ _ .3 _ .2 _ .. - - - 1. 0 0. 3 1. 2 1. 1 . 1 - _ " 5. 6 1.8 3 9.4 20. 6 12. 2 .8 _ .8 _ 11.7 0.6 4 .4 18. 6 43. 0 1 2 5 8 5 10. 1 5 .4 40. 3 1. 1 11. 5 8. 1 10. 2 1.7 2. 8 .2 1. 5 .3 .6 .2 .2 .5 1.8 1. 3 2. 8 (2) 1.5 _ _ 4 .4 3. 2 (2)1 •1 .2 1. 5 .2 .5 2. 6 .2 .2 1. 6 6. 0 1. 5 1. 6 8 .9 313. 0 1.4 5. 0 9. 3 1. 3 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 2, 544 10,250 $1. 53 $ 1 .9 5 2,073 $1. 59 608 1, 132 $1. 81 $2. 03 1, 145 $1. 07 1, 085 $ 1 .2 9 664 $1. 22 568 $1. 50 700 $1. 57 1,578 $1. 32 1,901 $2. 15 549 $2. 13 886 $2. 01 419 $ 1 .6 3 1 ,1 1 9 $1. 57 585 $1. 56 5 ,432 $ 1 .9 2 2,613 $2. 28 472 $2. 04 B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal 100, _ 8 .9 4 .6 10.8 1.4 4 .6 100. 0 1 Excludes prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends and holidays. 2 L e s s than 0. 05 percen t. 3 W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 6. 3 p e rce n t at $3 to $3. 10; and 6.7 p e rce n t at $3. 10 and over. NOTE: W est Los San M inne C le v e St. A n g e le s - F ran M ilw au Chicago apolis— D etroit Seattle land Louis kee Long c is c o St. Paul Beach Oakland _ Table 3. Earnings Distribution: Women Production Workers (P e rce n t distribu tion o f w om en production w ork ers in con tract cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents by average straigh t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s ,1 20 s elected a rea s, sum m er 1961) N ortheast A v era g e h ourly earnings 1 B oston Under $ 1 .0 0 _ $ 1.00 $ 1 .0 5 $1. 10 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1.20 _ _ New Y ork City _ South Newark P h ila and J e r s e y delphia City P itts burgh _ 0. 7 _ 2 .7 8. 5 60.7 3. 6 3. 3 Atlanta 273. 9 N orth Central New B a lti D allas M iam i m o re O rleans _ 0 .8 _ _ W ash ington, D. C. 3 15. 7 W est 11 Minne C le ve M ilw au Chicago D etroit apolis— land kee St. Paul _ _ _ _ 3.0 _ 2.9 . .7 _ .3 . 1 3. 1 4 .8 23. 8 3. 2 1. 6 12.7 3. 2 _ 4 6.0 1. 6 0. 3 _ _ 7 2 5 2 1 3. 2 .7 20.9 57.9 .3 _ _ 1. 1 .7 . 1 1. 7 2. 6 _ .9 2. 6 3. 1 1.0 _ 3. 1 1.0 .3 _ 1.0 _ .4 1. 3 2.9 3.9 1. 1 .3 66.0 13. 1 1. 3 .7 5. 3 1.7 1.0 .4 5 .4 “ - - 66. 1 14.8 2 .0 1.0 . 1 _ _ - 3.0 9. 3 72. 5 2. 3 .3 12. 5 .l - 1.0 _ 3. 1 _ _ _ - _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ .4 .3 .3 .4 .1 .1 _ _ _ _ St. Louis San Los A n g eles- F ra n Seattle Long c is c o — Beach Oakland . _ . 3. 1 4 .6 2. 6 8 4 .7 0. 5 .1 _ .2 .2 _ _ _ - .6 .9 1. 1 15. 3 3. 2 1.7 2. 1 5. 2 _ .3 _ 2.0 _ - 3.7 14.0 49.7 7 .7 .9 . _ _ 2 .4 11.5 4 .0 _ 32.7 17. 3 38.7 _ _ _ 1. 5 . 1 .3 4. 2 39.0 33.4 _ .7 4.7 _ 6.1 2. 3 0. . . . . 1 2 1 1 1 3. 6 .4 1. 6 3 .6 4. 3 _ .7 2. 5 28. 7 7 .0 16.0 18. 3 16.0 21.7 1. 2. 1. 1. . 5 5 5 2 5 38.5 15. 6 6 .0 10.9 3.8 24. 8 38. 3 .7 1.4 - 3. 3 1.9 3 .0 2. 2 .5 _ _ . _ $ 1. 60 and under $ 1 .7 0 1. 6 10.8 5 .9 3 .4 1. 5 1.4 .4 - - .1 .4 - 1 .6 _ 8. 2 .3 - _ _ $ 1.80 and under $ 1 .9 0 1. 1 84.7 2 .5 1. 1 1 .4 .2 _ .4 .8 .1 .1 .4 .5 _ _ T o t a l _________________________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 1 0 0 .0 100.0 N um ber o f w o rk e rs — A v era ge h ou rly e a r n in g s 1 443 $1.40 6,240 $1. 65 814 $1. 32 282 364 $1. 21 261 $0.76 65 $1. 27 519 $1.01 116 $1.05 98 $1. 13 689 $1.09 697 $1.66 1,190 $1. 33 702 $1. 54 63 $1. 27 65 $1. 43 196 $1. 19 1,746 $1.66 287 $2.04 150 $1.85 1 E xclu des prem iu m pay fo r 2 W ork ers w ere d istributed $ 0 .7 5 to $ 0 .8 0 ; 1 .5 p e rce n t at 3 W ork ers w ere d istributed at $ 0 .9 5 to $1. o vertim e and fo r w ork on weekends and holidays. as follow s: 4 .6 percen t at $ 0 .5 5 to $ 0 .6 0 ; 5 .4 p e rce n t at $ 0 .6 0 to $ 0 .6 5 ; 4 3 .7 p e rce n t at $ 0 .6 5 to $ 0 .7 0 ; 4 .2 p ercen t at $ 0 .7 0 $ 0 .8 5 to $ 0 .9 0 , and 0 .8 percen t at $ 0 .9 0 to $ 0 .9 5 . as fo llo w s: 7 .4 percen t at $ 0 .7 5 to $ 0 .8 0 ; 3 .2 p ercen t at $ 0 .8 0 to $ 0 .8 5 ; 0 .3 p e rce n t at $ 0 .8 5 to $ 0 .9 0 ; 4 .1 p e rcen t at $ 0 .9 0 to and and and and and under under under under under $ 1.05 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 5 $ 1. 20 $ 1. 25 $ 1.30 and under $ 1. 35 $1. 35 and under $1. 40 - - $ 2 .0 0 and under $2 , 10 ------------------- at NOTE: B ecau se o f rounding, - $1.29 _ 24. 5 .4 1. 1 1. 5 _ _ - - 93. 3 2. 1 2 .9 .2 8 1.0 _ 1.7 9 .5 - _ _ .8 _ _ _ _ _ - - - 1. 5 1. 5 - _ _ - _ _ sum s o f individual item s may not equal 100. 9 2 .3 1. 5 _ 1. 5 - _ 34. 8. 26. 12. 6. - - _ - .l _ _ - _ 23. 1 _ 4. 6 _ _ _ 5. 1 _ _ _ - - 6 6 .2 6. 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ to $ 0 .7 5 ; 13.8 $ 0 .9 5 , _ _ . - - percent and 0 .7 percent 00 Table 4. Average Hourly Earnings: Selected Occupations (Num ber and average stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a rn in g s 1 o f w ork ers in se le cte d occupations in contract cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents, 20 se le cted a r e a s , sum m er 1961) South N ortheast B oston O ccupation and sex Philadelphia A ver A v e r Number A v e r Number Number Num ber age age age of of of of hourly h ou rly hourly w o rk w o rk earn w o rk w o rk e a rn earn ers ers e rs ers ings ings ings C lean ers ___________________ ____ Men ---------------------------------W om en ----------------------------D a yw ork -------------------------------M e n _______________________ W om en ___________________ N igh tw ork___________________ M e n _______________________ W om en ___________________ C lea n ers, h e a v y 2 -------------------D aywork ____________________ Nightwork ___________________ C lean ers, light ------------------------Men ______________________ W om en ___________________ D aywork ____________________ Men ______________________ Women ___________________ Nightwork ___________________ Men ______________________ Women ___________________ E x term in ators 2 ----------------------------W axers flo o r 2 ------------------------------Window w ash ers 2 ------------------------- See footn otes at end o f table. New York City Newark and J e rs e y City 2, 246 1,849 397 129 113 16 2, 117 1,736 381 1, 190 97 1,093 1,056 690 366 32 28 _ 1,024 662 362 _ 180 $1.42 1.4 2 1. 40 1. 51 1. 54 1. 31 1.41 1.41 1.40 1.4 8 1. 55 1.47 1. 34 1. 31 1.4 0 1. 39 1.41 _ 1. 34 1. 31 1 .4 0 2. 25 12,927 $1. 74 1.82 6,818 1.65 6, 109 2,707 1. 74 1.78 2, 119 588 1.60 10,220 1. 74 1.84 4,699 5, 521 1. 65 1. 80 5, 395 1. 77 2, 039 3, 356 1.81 7, 532 1.69 1,464 1.90 1.65 6, 068 668 1. 65 81 2. 00 1. 60 587 6,864 1.70 1, 383 1.89 1.65 5,481 362 2. 27 1,312 1.89 2. 68 1,096 2, 298 $1.40 1.44 1,501 1. 32 797 1. 34 290 1. 36 230 1. 25 60 2, 008 1.41 1.46 1,271 737 1. 32 1.40 1,065 216 1. 37 1.41 849 1,233 1. 39 1. 53 443 790 1. 31 74 1. 24 55 1. 21 1.40 1, 159 424 1. 54 1. 32 735 2. 25 106 232 1.58 2. 37 157 799 523 276 241 180 558 343 215 395 147 248 404 276 94 310 - 215 148 39 320 Pittsburgh Atlanta B a ltim ore D allas A v er A ver A v er A v er Number Number Number Number age age age age of of of of hourly hourly hourly hourly w o rk w o rk w o rk w o rk ea rn e a rn earn earn e rs e rs e rs e rs ings ings ings ings $1.46 1.55 1.29 1.46 1. 54 1.46 1. 56 1. 30 1. 56 1. 54 1. 58 1. 36 1.29 1.34 1. 36 1. 30 2. 03 1. 59 2. 11 563 217 346 75 55 488 162 326 151 55 96 412 346 392 326 171 $1. 36 1. 61 1. 20 1. 56 1. 59 1. 33 1. 62 1. 19 1. 55 1. 59 1. 53 1. 29 1. 20 1. 28 1. 19 2. 48 1,035 $0. 94 782 1.00 253 .7 5 86 .9 0 53 .9 9 33 . 75 .9 4 949 1.00 729 220 . 75 1. 00 719 680 1.00 316 .7 9 253 . 75 47 . 78 33 .7 5 269 .7 9 220 . 75 1.82 146 48 1. 04 38 1. 08 847 782 - 99 95 118 73 - 74 26 63 $1. 14 1. 13 1. 57 1. 57 1. 63 1. 68 - - 1.60 1.71 2. 22 974 455 519 967 449 518 212 210 762 243 519 757 239 518 55 26 M iam i New O rleans Washington, D.C. A v e r A ver A v er A v er Number Number Number age age age age of of of hourly hourly hourly hourly w ork w o rk earn earn w ork earn ea rn e rs ers e rs ings ings ings ings $1. 03 1.05 1. 01 1. 03 1. 05 1. 01 1. 03 1. 03 1. 03 1. 07 1. 01 1. 02 1. 06 1. 01 1. 13 1.40 322 213 109 80 65 15 242 148 94 156 23 133 166 109 57 15 109 94 136 29 $1. 08 1. 11 1. 04 1. 21 1. 24 1. 10 1. 04 1. 05 1. 03 1. 04 1. 14 1. 02 1. 12 1. 04 1. 24 1. 10 1. 06 1. 03 2. 01 1. 15 433 337 432 336 - $1. 1. 1. 1. - - - - 181 - 16 17 16 17 2. 15 - 1,697 $1. 12 1. 14 1,008 1.09 689 1. 06 437 1. 14 245 1. 14 1,260 1. 14 763 1. 13 497 1. 14 446 1. 13 123 1. 14 323 1,251 1. 11 562 1. 14 1. 09 689 314 1. 04 1. 15 122 937 1. 13 440 1. 14 497 1. 13 1. 26 173 160 1. 84 Table 4. Average Hourly Earnings: Selected Occupations— Continued (N um ber and a verage straigh t-tim e hourly e a rn in gs1 o f w o rk e rs in se le cte d occupations in contract cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents, 20 s e le cted a rea s, sum m er 1961) North Central Chicago Cleveland D etroit W est M ilwaukee M inneapolis— St. Paul St. Louis O ccupation and sex L os A n g e le s Long B each San F r a n cis c o — Oakland Seattle Number A verage Number A verage Num ber A verage Num ber A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A v era ge Number A verage Number Average of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly w o rk e rs earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings C leanerg ............................................... M en ______________________ W om en ___________________ D ayw ork ____________________ Men ______________________ W om en ___________________ N ig h tw o r k ___________________ M e n ______________________ W om en C lean ers, h e a v y 2 ______________ D aywork ____________________ N ightw ork___________________ C lean ers, light ________________ M en ______________________ W om en ___________________ D aywork ____________________ Men ______________________ W om en ___________________ Nightwork ___________________ Men ______________________ Women ___________________ E x term in ators 2 ___________________ W axers f lo o r 2 ____________________ Window w ash ers 2 ________________ 1,419 800 619 151 117 1,268 683 585 522 - 442 897 278 619 71 37 826 241 585 184 52 493 $1. 80 1.89 1.68 1.72 1.75 - 1.81 1.91 1.69 1.93 - 1.95 1.72 1.81 1.68 1.66 1. 70 1. 73 1.83 1.69 1.89 1.93 2 .82 1,405 241 1, 164 $1. 35 1. 50 1.32 - - - - - - 1,403 239 1, 164 201 199 1,204 1, 159 1,204 1,159 209 1.35 1. 50 1. 32 1.50 1. 50 1. 33 1. 32 1. 33 1. 32 2. 55 1,213 524 689 89 63 26 1, 124 461 663 316 40 276 897 263 634 49 23 26 848 240 608 22 126 $ 1.61 1. 70 1. 54 1.69 1.79 1.45 1. 60 1.68 1. 54 1.82 1.93 1.80 1.53 1. 55 1. 53 1. 50 1.55 1.45 1. 54 1.55 1.53 1.66 3. 00 157 118 39 - 107 68 39 118 68 39 39 39 39 - 1 E x clu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on weekends and holidays. 2 A ll o r virtu a lly all w o rk e rs in each area w ere m en. N OTE: D ashes indica te no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication crite r ia . $ 1 .6 0 1. 68 1. 34 _ - 1.49 1. 58 1. 34 1. 68 1. 58 1. 34 1. 34 1. 34 1. 34 - 364 314 50 63 52 11 301 262 39 193 41 152 171 121 50 22 11 11 149 110 39 _ 43 78 $ 1 .6 5 1. 67 1. 54 1.67 1.71 1.49 1.65 1.66 1.56 1. 84 1. 78 1.86 1.44 1.40 1. 54 1.45 1.42 1.49 1.44 1.40 1. 56 _ 1.90 2. 21 400 227 173 61 41 - 339 186 153 46 _ 354 181 173 50 30 _ 304 151 153 61 44 66 $1. 28 1. 34 1. 20 1.25 1. 28 _ 1. 28 1. 35 1. 20 1. 55 _ 1. 24 1. 28 1.20 1. 22 1. 24 _ 1. 25 1.29 1. 20* 1.79 1. 27 2. 50 3,487 2 ,614 873 864 697 167 2,623 1,917 706 1,581 41 1,540 1,906 1,033 873 823 656 167 1,083 377 706 208 97 138 $1. 82 1. 85 1. 71 1.76 1.78 1.71 1.84 1. 88 1. 71 1. 90 1.91 1.90 1. 75 1.79 1. 71 1. 76 1. 77 1. 71 1.75 1. 82 1. 71 2. 46 2. 00 3. 01 2, 145 1,939 206 131 110 21 2, 014 1,829 185 756 76 680 1, 389 1, 216 173 55 34 21 1, 334 1, 182 152 133 99 175 $2. 17 2. 18 2. 06 2. 09 2. 12 1.93 2. 17 2. 18 2.07 2. 22 2. 16 2. 23 2. 14 2. 15 2. 04 2. 01 2.05 1.93 2. 14 2. 15 2. 06 2.61 2. 19 3. 02 316 209 107 _ _ _ 305 209 96 158 _ 158 158 58 100 $1.91 1.95 1. 82 _ _ _ 1.92 1.95 1.84 1.97 _ _ 147 58 89 _ _ 1. 86 1. 90 1.83 33 35 2. 17 2. 85 1.97 1.84 1.90 1. 81 O Table 5. Occupational Earnings Distribution: Cleaners, Heavy, Daywork— Men (D istribution o f m en heavy dayw ork clea n ers by straigh t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s 1 in con tract cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents, 11 s e le cte d area s, 2 sum m er 1961) Num ber o f w o rk e rs re ceivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings o f— A rea N um ber A v e ra g e Under h ou rly of w o rk e rs e a rn in gs1 $ 1.00 $ 1 .0 0 and under $ 1 .0 5 $ 1 .0 5 $1.10 $1. 15 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .2 5 $1. 30 $1. 35 $1.40 $1.45 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1. 80 $1.90 $ 2 .0 0 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2. 50 , over $2. 50 and $1. 10 $1 . 15 $1. 20 $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $1.40 $1.45 $1.50 $1. 60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2. 00 $2. 10 N ortheast: 2 ,038 ' 211 147 55 % $ 1 .7 7 * 1 .3 6 1. 54 1.59 “ 13 4 165 1 " 64 9 2 26 6 2 1 6 156 78 8 14 5 ■ 38 8 5 51 17 7 " 2 2 1 89 41 120 2 125 9 6 2 127 19 11 1 220 2 3 1 186 2 226 16 343 1 58 2 121 “ 9 - 18 “ 73 23 123 1 .68 1. 14 1. 13 1 - 12 18 - - 1 105 1 - 3 2 - 2 3 “ 2 4 7 ~ 5 " 18 • 6 • 4 - 4 " 2 “ 17 " “ ■ ■ - 2 “ North Central: D etroit M inneapolis—St. P a u l ---------- 40 41 1.9 3 1.78 _ _ - - - - - " - - * 6 1 3 14 6 6 9 5 12 “ ■ 16 ■ ■ 3 W est: L os A n geles—Long B e a c h ----San F ra n cis c o - O a k l a n d ------- 41 76 1.91 2. 16 - - - - - - - - - - - 8 - 9 10 12 7 2 14 8 2 18 7 20 N ewark and J e r s e y C i t y ------ South: B a ltim ore — ----- ----------------- — E x clu d es p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends and holidays. Data fo r the other 9 are a s did not m e e t publication crite r ia . - Table 6. Occupational Earnings Distribution: Cleaners, Heavy, Nightwork— Men (D istribution o f m en heavy nightwork clea n ers by straigh t-tim e hourly e a rn in g s1 in con tract cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents, 17 se le cte d a rea s, 2 sum m er 1961) iNumper A verage Under hourly of w ork ers earnings1 $ 1.00 A rea N ortheast: B oston ----------------------------------- Num ber o f w o rk e rs re ceivin g straigh t-tim e h ou rly earnings o f— W 7 5 U $1760 $ O T $ O o $179(7 $2700 $ 2 .1 6 T Z T Z r TZ730 T O o " T O T | T ¥ $ 0 5 $1.40 $1756 T n r $1. lb and under $ 1 .0 5 $1. 10 $1. 15 $1. 20 $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $1.40 $1.45 $1. 50 $1. 60 $1.70 $1. 80 $1.90 $2.00 $ 2 . 10 $2. 20 $2 . 30 $2. 40 6 15 22 5 169 127 211 2 56 45 65 7 4 158 135 40 2 281 37 187 " 38 9 70 - 178 424 130 188 55 73 35 10 “ 51 269 57 39 “ 11 916 4 1 " 7 59 - 31 230 4 1 40 2 862 “ 6 4 1 ■ 23 _ 1 10 " 29 35 14 - 13 3 2 71 6 1 3 236 4 1 4 2 15 3 2 2 2 1 - - 1 - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - - _ - - 1 10 _ 6 - 2 - 1 1 - 1 11 2 1 " 1 1 6 3 25 3 1 2 " 1 25 3 3 7 130 9 4 15 97 11 9 24 3 50 2 43 30 3 7 108 30 21 85 1 5 9 3 5 “ 189 1 " 26 3 5 “ 1 ■ - - _ _ - - - - 1 - 20 17 - 477 14 4 481 - 304 44 56 111 149 18 73 6 22 3 24 2 7 8 13 16 127 29 45 5 _ _ - 37 8 i - 680 210 133 323 1.00 1.03 1.02 1. 14 30 7 - 594 171 121 1.95 1. 50 1.83 1. 58 1.86 - -------- 442 194 221 68 152 _ - West: L os A n g e le s -L o n g Beach San F ra n cis co-O aklan d ------Seattle - --------------------------—— 1, 540 647 151 1.90 2. 23 1.97 _ _ South: --------------- N orth Central: M inneapolis—St. P aul 1 E x clu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on weekends and h olid ays. 2 Data fo r B a ltim ore, New O rlean s, and St. Louis did not m eet publication c r ite r ia . over 1 10 10 2 $ 1 .4 8 1.81 1. 41 1.58 1. 53 W ashington, D. C. and $2. 50 28 4 33 1,074 3, 316 847 248 96 N ewark and J e r s e y City —— $ 2 . 5o 7 - - 31 - 38 - - 4 1 _ - " Table 7. Occupational Earnings Distribution: Cleaners, Light, Nightwork— Women (D istribu tion o f w om en light nightwork clea n ers by straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 in con tract cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents, 18 s e le cte d a reas, 2 sum m er 1961) Number o f w o rk e rs r e ce iv in g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings ofA rea Num ber A v era ge h ou rly of w o rk e rs earnings Under $ 1. 00 $1. 00 and under $1. 05 $1. 05 $1. 10 $1. 15 $1. 20 $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $1. 40 $1. 45 $1. 50 $1. 60 $1. 70 $1. 80 $1. 90 $2. 00 $1. 10 $ 1 .1 5 $1. 20 $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $1. 40 $1. 45 $1. 50 $1. 60 $1. 70 $1. 80 $1. 90 $2. 00 over and N ortheast: Bnst^n New Y ork City _ _ ___ Newark and J e r s e y C i t y __ — Philadelphia __ _ P itts b u r g h ----------------------------- 362 5, 481 735 215 326 $1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 40 65 32 30 19 _ _ " _ 7 14 10 . _ 31 _ 5 8 211 25 6 28 7 13 9 7 35 48 6 29 47 291 47 6 43 153 123 108 5 57 80 46 1 7 54 76 88 8 91 23 31 2 6 24 41 4 6 48 4, 806 12 - 131 12 20 58 1 33 1 - South: A tlan ta------D allas -----— - . M i a m i ----------------------------------W ashington, D. C . ---------------- 220 518 94 497 . 1. 1. 1. 75 01 03 13 3 167 4 3 52 484 85 9 1 11 3 15 2 124 1 2 355 1 2 2 1 “ 3 - 1 1 - - - - - ' ' " N orth Central: Pb ira gn C le v e la n d ___________________ D e tr o it-------- ----- - - - — M ilw aukee __ ------ ----M inneapolis—St. Paul — St. L o u is ------------------------------- 585 1, 159 608 39 39 153 1.69 1. 32 1. 53 1. 34 1. 56 1. 20 2 - - - 2 2 “ 6 779 11 - 4 156 5 “ 26 12 2 29 - 6 7 38 - 20 1 54 - 499 10 - 9 - 2 1 - 5 4 - “ 1 3 1 35 1 137 - - 2 “ 2 36 2 3 2 - W est: L os A n geles—Long Beach — San F ra n cis c o -O a k la n d ------Seattle ------— — — 706 152 89 1. 71 2. 06 1. 83 - .- - - - 2 - 15 3 - 159 “ 430 56 7 13 2 5 27 11 4 122 2 - - 3 3 30 4 10 2 - 8 2 ' 130 447 39 25 5 - ' 8 1 28 - 44 1 E xclu des prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends and holidays. 2 Data fo r B a ltim ore and New O rleans did not m eet publication c rite ria . ^ ,.c 3 W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 12 at $0. 55 to $0. 60; 12 at $0. 60 to $0. 65; 98 at $0. 65 to $0. 70; 8 at $0. 70 to $0. 75; 31 at $0. 75 to $0. 80; 4 at $0. 85 to $0. 90; and 2 at $0.90 to $0.95. 4 W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 39 at $2. 10 to $2. 20; and 83 at $2. 20 to $2. 30. Table 8. Occupational Earnings Distribution: Window Washers— Men (D istribu tion of m en window w ashers by straigh t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s 1 in con tra ct cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents, 17 s elected area s, 2 sum m er 1961) Num ber of w o rk e rs r e ce iv in g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— A rea Number A vera ge of hourly Under w o rk e rs earnings $ 1. 50 $1. 50 and under $ 1 .6 0 $1. 60 $1. 70 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2. 50 $ 2 .6 0 $2. 70 $2. 80 $2790 $3. 00 $3. 10 $3. 20 $1. 70 $ 1 .8 0 $1. 90 $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2. 50 $ 2 .6 0 $2. 70 $2. 80 $2. 90 $3. 00 $3. 10 $3. 20 and N ortheast: B oston _ _ New Y ork City _ __ _ N ewark and J e r s e y City — __ Philadelphia __ _ Pittsburgh — 180 1, 096 157 320 171 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 25 68 37 11 48 12 1 1 . - - - 1 3 . 1 60 4 _ 1 _ 7 2 . _ 7 3 South: Atlanta B a ltim ore D a l l a s ----W ashington, D. C . ___________ 38 63 26 160 1. 2. 1. 1. 08 22 40 84 3 38 3 4 10 9 1 13 _ 4 . 1 _ 4 2 . 127 _ 6 2 “ N orth C entral: C h icago - ___ ______ ____ C le v e la n d ------------------------------D etroit _ __ _ _ M inneapolis—St. P a u l ----------St. L ouis . . . 493 209 126 78 66 2. 2. 3. 2. 2. 82 55 00 21 50 _ - - - - - 1 “ . 1 " - 2 ■ 4 - W est: L os A n geles—Long B e a c h ..__ San F r a n c is c o —O a k la n d -------Seattle . . 138 175 35 3. 01 3. 02 2.8 5 - - - - - - - - - - _ 196 12 128 39 5 49 29 14 3 91 “ 22 35 - _ 418 21 1 _ 21 1 16 _ 4 . _ 2 _ _ 3 _ _ 1 _ " " - _ 4 - . _ 2 - _ 2 - _ 24 - _ 24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 . 197 . 8 146 1 _ 24 1 28 . _ 16 . 5 _ . 3 _ _ 4 _ _ 5 . _ _ . - - - " - _ . 14 . 205 . _ 66 _ _ _ - 446 _ _ . “ 47 4 59 - - _ . . - - - - - 24 3 19 E x clu des prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends and holidays. Data fo r M iam i, New O rleans, and Milwaukee did not m eet publication cr ite r ia . W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s: 21 at $1 to $ 1 .0 5 ; 5 at $ 1. 05 to $ 1. 10; 3 at $ 1. 10 to $ 1. 15; 8 at $ 1. 25 to $ 1. 30; and 1 at $ 1. 35 to $ 1. 40. W ork ers w ere d istribu ted as fo llo w s: 5 at $ 1 to $ 1.05; 4 at $1. 15 to $1. 20; and 1 at $1. 25 to $1. 30. W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 20 at $3. 20 to $3. 30; and 2 at $3. 40 to $3. 50. _ 5 179 4 _ 48 _ _ _ _ 25 52 6 _ - _ _ 8 _ _ . _ 2 _ " “ _ _ 28 _ - " . 135 112 1 15 _ _ over _ 37 _ _ _ _2 - . 14 3 5 22 Table 9. Scheduled Weekly Hours: Selected Occupations (P e r c e n t o f w o rk e rs in se le cte d occupations in contract cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents by scheduled w eekly h o u r s ,1 20 se le cte d a rea s , sum m er 1961) Scheduled w eekly hours New B oston Y ork City Newark and Jersey North Central South N ortheast P h ila Pitts delphia burgh Atlanta New B a lti D allas M iam i O rleans m o re W ash ington, D. C. C lean ers, heavy, dayw ork—m en A ll w o rk e rs 100 — ____________ ____ ___ Under 20 hours --------------------------- — — -----20 h ours O ver 20 and under 30 hours —---- — 30 hours - -------------- ----- ---------O ver 30 and under 35 hours —------35 hours ----------------------------------------O ver 35 and under 40 hours ------- — 40 hours _________________ ______ O ver 40 and under 48 hours ---------48 hours _-______ _______ ________ _ O ver 48 hours — -------------------------— _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 1 _ 3 0 (3) 12 15 56 12 1 100 4 12 2 (3) 1 (3) 3 53 _ 21 2 100 100 19 37 2 2 40 18 _ 82 - - " ■ _ _ - West Minne C le v e M ilw au D etroit apolis— Chicago land kee St. Paul L os San St. A n g e le s - F ra n c is c o — Seattle Long Louis . .Bsask Oakland ' 100 . 100 _ 100 _ _ 100 _ 100 _ 100 100 _ 18 47 12 23 - _ " . 100 . ■ . 87 13 - _ - . - _ 98 3 - _ - _ - ■ 2 29 7 63 ' ■ _ 100 ■ _ 11 89 * _ ■ _ 100 100 100 - _ 1 16 64 *20 _ 8 92 _ 10 14 76 - ■ - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 _ 6 5 33 8 48 15 12 1 3 22 5 7 34 1 5 26 3 6 12 7 53 14 4 2 2 76 2 - C lean ers, heavy, nightw ork-m en A ll w o r k e r s ------------— -----— —-----— Under 20 h o u r s ------- ------- -----— -----20 hours O ver 20 and under 25 hours -------— 25 hours ----------------------------------------O ver 25 and under 30 hours —------O ver 30 and under 40 hours — — ~ 40 h o u r s ------------- -----— —— -— ------O ver 40 hours — ------- ------— —-----— See footn otes at end o f table. 100 14 22 25 20 (3) (3) 3 9 7 100 8 6 1 14 1 1 4 62 2 100 14 53 2 10 1 _ 8 12 100 8 24 2 1 2 8 51 4 100 6 2 4 25 6 6 8 42 100 100 4 24 21 23 3 9 3 14 (3) 4 _ _ _ 8 5 . 8 5 2 35 1 26 10 100 . 36 4 60 100 _ - _ 47 6 47 1 5 3 3 (3) 16 (3) 2 2 73 1 Table 9. Scheduled Weekly Hours: Selected Occupations— Continued (P ercen t o f w o rk e rs in selected occupations in con tract cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents by scheduled w eekly h o u rs, 1 20 se le cte d are a s, sum m er 1961) N ortheast Scheduled w eekly hours B oston New Y ork City Newark and Jersey City North Central South P h ila delphia P it t s Atlanta burgh New B a lti D allas M iam i O rleans m o re W ash ington, D. C. W est Minne C le v e M ilw au a p olis— Chicago land D etroit kee St. Paul St. Louis Los San A n g e le s - F ra n Seattle Long c is c o — Beach Oakland C lean ers, light, nightwork—wom en A ll w o r k e r s ________________________ 100 Under 20 hours 20 hours O ver 2p and under 25 hours 25 hours O ver 25 and under 30 hours — ------30 hours ---------- ------------ ------ —, O ver 30 and under 40 hours 7 26 13 39 4 4 6 1 - 100 4 9 8 15 6 45 5 9 (3) 100 10 66 (3) 2 1 17 2 2 (3) 100 4 5 (3) 7 4 50 5 26 - _ 100 100 _ 100 100 6 1 2 37 12 13 4 26 - 9 3 22 48 8 3 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ j 1 1 71 13 6 1 6 - . - - - - 59 4 37 - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 . 76 12 _ _ 4 8 " 1 - _ - - - (3) 44 2 38 15 1 - 11 10 3 6 9 45 5 9 12 - 5 74 5 10 5 . 44 13 44 - 3 1 7 3 14 56 11 4 1 100 100 100 . 100 100 100 6 89 3 2 . 86 14 - 9 91 10 74 3 5 5 3 . 88 6 6 - 4 80 3 8 1 4 (3) 3 96 ( 3) ' t ~ 100 _ _ (3) 20 76 4 100 100 _ _ _ _ _ 1 99 - _ _ _ _ i° 47 53 - 100 100 100 100 Window washersr-m en 100 Under 40 hours O ver 40 and under 45 hours .... . .... 45 hours —, __.. O ver 45 and under 48 h o u r s ______ 48 hours -----------------------------------------O ver 48 hours 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 88 8 _ _ 3 100 3 91 1 1 3 1 100 4 93 _ . 3 100 96 _ _ _ _ 4 100 100 100 _ - li 34 13 24 _ 11 8 11 100 12 40 60 _ _ _ 100 19 38 19 _ _ 23 . . 100 - - - 100 - - - - - - - - - - - - Data rela te to scheduled w eekly hours fo r each individual w ork er. 22 p ercen t o f the w ork ers had w eekly w ork schedules of 8 h ours; 7 p ercen t, 10 h ou rs. L e s s than 0. 5 percent. 8 p ercen t o f the w ork ers had w eekly w ork schedules of le s s than 10 hou rs; 5 percen t, betw een 10 and 15 h ours; and 10 p ercen t, betw een 15 and 20 h ours. 13 p ercen t o f the w ork ers had w eekly w ork schedules of le s s than 10h ou rs; 4 p ercen t, betw een 10and 15 h ou rs; and 9 percen t, betw een 15 and 20 h ours. A ll w ork ers had weekly w ork schedules o f 22 hours. A ll w ork ers had weekly w ork schedules o f 50 hours. 9 p ercen t o f the w ork ers had w eekly w ork schedules between 40 and 45 h ou rs; 11p e rce n t, 45 hours or m ore. V irtu ally all w o rk e rs had w eekly w ork schedules o f 27.5 h ou rs. 34 p ercen t o f the w ork ers had w eekly w ork schedules of 35 hours. 13 p e rce n t o f the w ork ers had w eekly w ork schedules of le s s than 20 hou rs; 11 p e rce n t, betw een 30 and 33 h ou rs; and 11 percen t, 3 7.5 and under 40 hours. 8 p e rce n t o f the w ork ers had w eekly w ork schedules of le s s than 33 hou rs; 17 pe rce n t, 33 h ou rs; and 14 p ercen t, 35 h ou rs. NOTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sums o f individual item s m ay not equal totals. - . - _ _ Table 10. Paid Holidays (P e r c e n t of produ ction w o rk e rs in contract cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents with fo rm a l p r o v is io n s fo r paid h olid ays, 20 se le cte d a re a s , sum m er 1961) South N ortheast N um ber of paid holid ays Newark and Jersey City B oston New Y ork City A ll produ ction w o r k e r s ___________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 W orkers in establishm ents providin g paid h o lid a y s _________ 88 100 100 93 88 10 34 L e s s than 5 d a y s _______________ 5 days ---------------------------------------6 days ----------------------------------- __ 6 days plus 1 o r 2 half d a y s __ 7 days ---------------------------------------7 days plus 2 half days ________ 8 days ---------------------------------------9 days __________________________ 9 days plus 2 h alf d a y s __ ___ 10 d a y s _________________________ 11 d a y s -------------------------------------12 days o r m o r e ______________ W orkers in establishm ents providin g no paid h o lid a y s ___ _ 2 12 47 - 7 19 1 _ 7 2 2 86 2 1 _ P h ila P itts delphia burgh _ _ B a lti Atlanta m o re 4 15 62 1 11 15 2 75 - 86 3 - - - - 7 - - - 2 8 * 7 12 90 12 1 A ll w o rk e rs r e c e iv e d 4 paid holid ays annually. NOTE: B ecau se of rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal totals. _ 28 4 2 - 66 North Central D allas M iam i New O rleans W ash ington, D. C. C le ve M ilw au Chicago D etroit land kee W est L os San M inne St. A n g e le s - F ran apolis— Seattle Louis Long c is c o St. Paul B each Oakland 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 94 34 10 84 100 98 96 21 62 97 99 93 100 - 22 12 - 2 8 - _ 3 15 5 51 10 " _ 92 8 - 6 66 90 16 *21 73 - _ _ - 2 1 93 - 2 4 98 - _ _ - 2 60 - - - - - - 21 - 7 47 5 37 - _ 9 90 - - - - - - - - 79 38 3 1 _ _ 2 6 84 2 - 7 _ 100 - - Table 11. Paid Vacations (P e r c e n t o f p rod u ction w o rk e rs in con tract cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents with fo rm a l p ro v is io n s fo r paid vacations after s e le cte d p eriod s o f s e r v ic e , 20 se le cte d a rea s , sum m er 1961) Northeast Newark and Jersey City South North Central W est B oston 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 92 75 17 - 100 100 - 95 95 - 100 32 57 12 59 59 - 9 9 - 83 73 10 33 33 - 99 99 - 98 98 - 91 91 - - - - - 77 77 - 94 94 - 93 93 - 96 96 - 29 29 - 68 68 - - 72 72 - - 96 96 - 93 93 - 8 - 28 5 41 71 91 17 67 32 1 2 9 23 6 7 4 4 7 10 13 - 55 2 - 9 - 65 2 - 3 _ " 47 - 2 _ 89 A ll p rodu ction w o rk e rs __ ----------- P h ila P itts delphia burgh B a lti Atlanta m o re New D allas M iam i O rleans W ash ington, D. C. Los San M inne St. A n g e le s - F ran apolis— Seattle Louis c is c o — Long St. Paul Beach Oakland New York City Vacation p o lic y C leve M ilw au Chicago D etroit land kee M ethod o f paym ent W orkers in establishm ents providin g paid v a c a tio n s ------------L en g th -o f-tim e paym ent ---------P ercen ta g e paym ent __________ F la t-s u m paym ent ____________ W orkers in establishm ents p rovidin g no paid vacation s ____ - Am ount o f vacation pay 1 A fter 6 m onths o f s e r v ic e U nder 1 w eek _____________________ 1 w eek ____________________________ _ O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ________ 2 w eeks ------------------------------------------- _ - _ - 2 _ - _ - _ ~ _ 8 45 - _ _ - _ _ - _ 6 - _ _ _ - - " - 18 2 - _ 93 - . 7 90 - _ 3 _ 88 2 3 (2) 93 - - _ 93 2 89 - A fter 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e U nder 1 w eek _____________________ 1 w eek --------------------------------------- _ O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ________ 2 w eeks ------------------------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks ___ __ _ _ 72 20 " 69 31 1 25 _ _ 19 81 - 72 - 93 2 6 77 17 - 37 36 - 27 51 18 - 76 22 3 - 16 5 28 15 - - - - 76 - 95 - 45 - 81 - 76 22 3 - _ _ 18 * 25 4 5 25 _ 9 - _ 79 4 _ _ _ _ _ 98 - _ 86 - - - - 92 7 - - - 21 90 - - - - - - 78 - 8 77 70 - 57 - 93 - 3 4 70 - 4 _ _ _ 88 93 - - 19 14 - 68 - 10 - 74 3 - 47 47 7 37 - - 4 _ 89 - A fter 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ________ 2 w cek s _______ O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s _________ - 67 - - _ - - - - - 14 4 - 9 - 52 - 31 23 - 37 3 28 - 5 25 _ 31 10 27 23 7 - - - - _ - _ _ _ 14 - 4 - 9 - 52 - 23 - 41 - 99 - 74 - 84 - 9 _ 1 4 A fter 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _________________________ , O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ________ 2 w eeks ____________________________ O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks ________ _ 2 See footn otes at end o f table. 3 (2) 93 - _ _ 94 2 4 _ 89 - Table 11. Paid Vacations— Continued (P e rce n t o f p rodu ction w o rk e rs in co n tra ct cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents with fo rm a l p ro v isio n s fo r paid vacations after se le cte d p e rio d s o f s e r v ic e , 20 se le cte d a rea s, sum m er 1961) South Northeast Newark and Jersey City North Central W ash ington, D. C. W est Los San M inne C leve M ilw au St. A n g eles- F ra n Seattle Chicago D etroit apolis— land Long Louis c is c o kee St. Paul Beach Oakland B oston New Y ork City 16 _ 76 - 4 58 34 4 1 71 - 12 84 - 7 22 68 3 45 14 - 17 12 - _ 9 - 31 52 - 10 23 - 27 41 - _ 95 4 _ 98 " 7 73 11 _ 4 70 2 4 88 2 _ 86 6 2 (1 2) 93 - _ 21 2 73 4 89 - 16 61 15 - 4 4 32 60 - 1 63 5 4 12 82 2 - 7 12 78 3 - 45 14 - 17 12 - . 9 - 31 45 7 10 23 “ 27 38 3 _ 33 58 7 _ 98 - 7 73 11 _ 63 15 4 88 2 - _ 43 49 - 2 10 (2) 83 > 6 2 88 - 4 87 2 - 16 61 4 4 1 50 12 79 7 12 78 45 14 17 12 _ 9 31 45 10 23 27 38 _ 33 _ 98 7 71 _ 63 4 33 _ 43 - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - 15 92 17 4 5 3 - - - 7 - 3 58 7 - 13 15 57 49 85 Vacation p o lic y P h ila P it t s delphia burgh Atlanta B a lti m o re New D allas M iam i O rleans Amount of vacation p a y 1—Continued A iter 5 y e a rs of s e r v ic e 1 w eek --------------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks _________ Z w eeks O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks _________ 3 w eeks -------------------------------------------A fter 10 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 1 w eek _____________________________ O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks _________ 2 w eeks _____________________________ O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s --------------3 w eeks _____________________________ 4 w eeks _____________________________ A fter 15 y e a rs of s e r v i c e 3 1 w eek --------------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ------------2 w eeks ------------------------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks _________ 3 w eeks -------------------------------------------- _ 4 - - 9 6 2 88 - 2 89 1 Vacation paym ents such as a p e rce n t o f annual earnings and fla t-su m amounts w e re con verted to an equivalent tim e b a sis. P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e re a rb itra rily chosen and do not n eces s a rily r e fle c t individual p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n s . F o r exam ple, the changes in proportion s indicated at 5 ye a rs m ay include changes in p ro v isio n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n s between 3 and 5 yea rs. 2 L ess than 0. 5 p ercen t. 3 Vacation p r o v is io n s w ere virtu a lly the sam e after longer p e rio d s o f se r v ic e . N OTE: B ecau se of rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal totals. Table 12. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e rce n t o f produ ction w ork ers in contract cleaning s e r v ic e s establishm ents with sp e cifie d health, insurance, and pension plans, 1 20 s e le cte d a rea s , sum m er 1961) South N ortheast A ll produ ction w ork ers -------- — — W ork ers in establishm ents p rovidin g: L ife insurance ---- ------- -------------A ccid en ta l death and d is m e m b erm en t insu ran ce -----------------Sickness and accid en t insu ran ce o r s ick lea v e o r b o t h 12 — ------Sickness and accid en t insu ran ce ---- — —-----------— Sick leave (full pay, no waiting p eriod) Sick leave (partial pay o r Boston 100 100 100 22 91 2 1 48 21 28 - H ospitalization in su ran ce -— R etirem en t pen sion . ............. No health, in su ran ce, o r Newark and J e rs e y Citv New Y ork City Type o f plan 22 22 14 2 51 P h ila delphia P it t s Atlanta burgh West North Central B a lti New D allas M iam i O rleans m o re 100 100 100 100 100 100 39 71 81 14 4 9 17 60 58 6 - 9 41 7 75 3 14 34 39 4 58 _ (3) 3 W ash ington, D. C. M inne St. C le v e M ilw au D etroit apolis— Chicago kee Louis land St. Paul 100 100 14 98 74 9 79 94 27 9 - 38 98 75 29 - 36 94 73 100 100 65 25 18 32 16 6 - 10 19 12 25 - - 2 100 100 100 Los San Angeles” F ran cis ccrLong Beach Oakland Seattle 100 100 100 100 11 91 92 89 5 92 90 89 60 6 3 90 29 59 6 1 - 5 3 14 12 - 10 17 12 2 4 18 3 2 - 3 3 81 3 44 3 - 14 14 14 14 8 61 14 4 - 18 18 9 9 - 69 69 45 24 - 25 17 2 93 35 35 - 98 94 94 92 4 83 78 67 8 2 65 65 19 4 - 60 60 2 2 - 11 15 9 18 15 15 15 - 11 11 72 25 23 8 6 13 79 75 62 20 5 - 93 93 92 5 88 87 92 92 92 3 87 89 89 89 - 7 56 18 19 86 19 82 31 67 82 6 2 15 32 40 89 5 8 11 30 93 91 _ - - 11 1 Includes only those plans fo r which at least part o f the c o s t is borne by the em ployer and excludes legally required plans such as w ork m en 's com pensation and s o cia l secu rity and plans w hich m eet only the m in im um requirem en ts o f a State law as to benefits o r em ployer contributions. 2 Unduplicated total o f w o rk e rs receivin g sick leave o r sick n ess and accid ent insurance shown separately. 3 L e s s than 0. 5 percen t. Table 13. Nonproduction Bonuses (P e r c e n t o f p rod u ction w o rk e rs in con tract cleaning s e rv ice s establishm ents with sp e cifie d types o f nonproduction bonu ses, 20 s e le cte d area s, sum m er 1961) New Y ork City P h ila delphia 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 8 27 62 41 65 55 18 8 27 65 - 62 " 41 - - - “ 14 4 “ " - “ 55 " 38 59 35 45 82 100 Type o f bonus B oston A ll p roduction w o r k e r s ___________ W ork ers in establishm ents with nonproduction b o n u s e s ____ C hristm as or yearen d ________ P r o fit sharing _ _____ __ _ Other - ------W ork ers in establishm ents with no nonproduction b o n u s e s _______ “ 92 73 P itts B alti Atlanta burgh m o re 1 L es s than 0. 5 p ercen t. NOTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal totals. North Central South N ortheast Newark and J e rs e y City W est Los San M inne M ilw au St. A n g e le s C leve F ran a p olis— Chicago D etroit c is c o — land kee Louis Long St. Paul B each Oakland New O rleans W ash ington, D. C. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 “ 17 17 36 29 18 8 7 34 6 13 22 _ 17 30 6 " 29 “ 18 - 8 - 7 - 31 2 6 - 12 (M 22 - “ 9 8 83 83 64 71 82 66 94 D allas M iam i 92 93 Seattle 100 ' 87 78 100 Appendix A: Scope and Method of Survey Scope o f Survey The su rvey included establish m en ts p r im a r ily engaged in clean ing windows in b u s i ness houses and dw ellings (SIC 7 341); establish m en ts p rim a rily engaged in d isin fectin g buildings, and in exterm inating in s e cts , rod en ts, etc. (SIC 7 342); and establish m en ts p r im a r ily engaged in furnishing to dw ellings and other buildings sp e c ia liz e d s e r v ic e s such as ja n ito ria l s e r v ic e , flo o r waxing, and o ffic e clean ing (SIC 7349). T hese th ree in d u stries c o m p r is e the entire Industry G roup No. 734, as defined in the 1957 edition o f the Standard Industrial C la ssifica tio n M anual, p rep a red by the Bureau o f the Budget. The establish m en ts studied w e re s e le cte d fr o m those em ployin g eight o r m o r e w o r k e rs at the tim e o f r e fe r e n c e of the data u sed in com p ilin g the u n iv erse lis ts . The num ber o f establish m en ts and w o rk e rs actually studied by the B ureau, as w e ll as the num ber estim a ted to be within the scop e o f the su rvey during the p a y ro ll p e rio d studied, are shown in the follow in g table. Estimated number of establishments and workers in the contract cleaning services industries and number studied in 20 areas, Summer,1961 Area * Payroll period Number of establishments 1 2 Within scope of study Northeast Boston---------------------------------------New York C it y __________________ Newark and Jersey City Philadelphia Pittsburgh ---------------------------------- Studied Workers in establishments Within scope of study Total3 Production workers Studied Total 3 June 1961 June 1961 July 1961 June 1961 June 1961 64 229 54 55 19 25 38 21 21 8 3,237 17,965 3,102 1,684 1,181 2,987 16,490 2,887 1,414 972 2,508 11,286 2,271 1,078 724 June 1961 June 1961 June 1961 June 1961 June 1961 July 1961 28 20 15 21 15 37 11 11 6 11 8 14 1,569 1,266 1,250 823 924 2,443 1,406 1,150 1,183 684 798 2,267 952 1,128 817 697 818 1,675 August 1961 July 1961 August 1961 July 1961 August 1961 July 1961 73 31 43 19 26 17 28 17 25 11 15 9 2,914 1,833 1,735 573 1,280 855 2,598 1,739 1,588 482 1,184 781 1,953 1,588 1,490 461 1,141 715 August 1961 August 1961 June 1961 152 66 13 33 23 8 8,159 3,326 688 7,178 2,900 622 4,844 2,581 622 997 343 56,787 51,310 39,349 South Atlanta -------------------------------------Baltimore_______________________ Dallas----------------------------------------Miami----------------------------------------New Orleans--------------------------------Washington, D .C ._________________ North Central Chicago-------------------------------------Cleveland-----------------------------------Detroit---------------------------------------Milwaukee ---------------------------------Minneapolis-St. P a u l-------------------St. Louis------------------------------------West Los Angeles-Long Beach-------------San Francisco-Oakland----------------Seattle __ Total _______________________ 1 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the Bureau of the Budget, except: Chicago (Cook County); New York City (the 5 boroughs); Newark and Jersey City (Essex, Hudson, Morris, and Union Counties); and Philadelphia (Philadelphia and Delaware Counties, Pa., and Camden County, N.J.). 2 Includes only establishments with 8 or more workers at the time of reference of the unemployment insurance listings. 3 Includes executive, professional, office clerical, and other workers excluded from the separate production worker category. M ethod o f Study Data w e re obtained by p e rso n a l v isits of B ureau fie ld e c o n o m ists. The su rv ey was conducted on a sam ple b a s is . To obtain a p propriate a c c u r a c y at m inim um co s t, a g re a te r p rop ortion o f la rg e than o f sm a ll establish m en ts was studied. In com bining the data, h ow ev er, all establish m en ts w e re given th eir ap p rop riate w eight. A ll estim a tes in this r e p o rt a re p r e sented, th e r e fo r e , as relatin g to a ll establish m en ts in the industry, excluding only those below the m inim um s iz e at the tim e of r e fe r e n c e o f the u n iv erse data. E stablishm ent D efinition An establish m en t, fo r the p u rp oses o f this study, is defined as a sin gle p h y sica l loca tion w hich p rov id es s e r v ic e s to dw ellings and other buildings on a fe e or co n tra ct b a sis. An establish m en t is not n e c e s s a r ily id en tica l with a bu sin ess c o n ce rn o r com pany which m ay co n s is t o f one o r m o r e esta b lish m en ts. E m ploym ent The estim a tes o f the num ber o f w o rk e rs within the sco p e o f the study are intended as a g en era l guide to the s iz e and c o m p o sitio n o f the la b o r fo r c e included in the su rv ey . The advance planning n e c e s s a r y to m ake a wage su rvey co m p e ls the u se o f lists o f e sta b lish m ents a sse m b le d c o n sid e ra b ly in advance o f the p a y ro ll p e rio d studied. P rod u ction W ork ers The te rm "p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s , " as used in this re p o rt, includes w orking fo re m e n and a ll n o n s u p e rv is o ry w o rk e rs engaged in p e rfo rm in g n on o ffice fu n ction s. A d m in istra tiv e, ex ecu tiv e, p r o fe s s io n a l, and tech n ica l p erson n el, and fo r c e -a c c o u n t co n stru ctio n e m p lo y e e s, who w ere u tiliz e d as a separate w ork fo r c e on the firm *s own p r o p e r tie s , w e re exclu d ed . O ccupations S elected fo r Study The o ccu p a tion a l c la s s ific a tio n was b a sed on a u n iform set o f jo b d e scrip tio n s d e signed to take accou nt o f inter establish m en t and in te ra re a va ria tion s in duties within the sam e jo b . (See appendix B fo r listin g o f these jo b d e s c r ip t io n s .) The occu p a tion s w e re ch osen fo r their n u m e rica l im p orta n ce, their u sefu ln ess in c o lle c tiv e bargaining, o r th eir r e p r e s e n ta tiven ess of the en tire jo b s c a le in the industry. The se le c te d occu p a tion s include fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs (i. e. , those sch eduled to w ork the standard fu ll-tim e w ork sch edule fo r the o c c u p a tion in the establish m en t) and exclude w ork ing su p e r v is o r s , a p p ren tices, le a r n e r s , b e g in n ers, tra in ees, handicapped, p a r t-tim e , te m p o ra ry , and prob a tion a ry w o r k e r s . Wage Data The w age in form a tion re la te s to av era g e stra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs, exclu din g prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends and h o lid a y s. P rem iu m pay fo r la te shift w ork and fo r hazardous w ork p e r fo r m e d by window w a sh ers was included in the stra ig h ttim e h ourly earnings fo r w o rk e rs r e c e iv in g such paym ents. This p ro ce d u re was fo llo w e d in o r d e r to a ch ieve com p a ra b ility o f data betw een establish m en ts w hich m aintain fo r m a l p r o v ision s fo r la te -s h ift w ork a n d /o r fo r m a l p ro v isio n s fo r h azardous w o rk p e r fo r m e d by window w ash ers and those w hich do not, but have built the d ifferen tia l into the rate. Incentive p a y m en ts, such as those resu ltin g fr o m p ie ce w o rk o r prod u ction bonus system s and c o s t - o f livin g paym ents w e re included as a part o f the w o r k e r s 1 reg u la r pay; but nonproduction bonus paym ents, such as C h ristm a s o r yea ren d b on u ses, w e re exclu ded. The h ou rly earnings o f sa la ried w o rk e rs w e re obtained by dividing th eir stra ig h t-tim e sa la ry by n orm a l rath er than actual h o u r s .4 4 A verag e h ou rly rates o r earnings fo r each occu p a tion o r other group o f w o r k e r s , such as m en, w om en, o r p rod u ction w o r k e r s , w e r e obtained by w eighting each rate (o r h ou rly earning) by the num ber o f w o rk e rs re c e iv in g the ra te. E stablishm ent P r a c tic e s and Supplem entary Wage P ro v isio n s Supplem entary ben efits and p r a c tic e s , excep t w eekly h ou rs, w e re trea ted sta tistica lly on the basis that if fo r m a l p ro v is io n s in an establish m en t w e re ap p lica b le to h alf o r m o r e o f the produ ction w ork e rs in an establishm ent, the p r a ctice o r b en efit was c o n sid e re d ap p licable to all such w o rk e r s . S im ila rly , if few er than h alf o f such w o rk e rs w e re c o v e r e d , the p r a c tice o r ben efit was co n s id e re d n onexistent in the establish m en t. B eca u se o f le n g th -o fs e r v ic e and other e lig ib ility req u irem en ts, the p rop ortion o f w o rk e rs r e c e iv in g the benefits m ay be sm a lle r than estim ated. B eca u se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal totals. W eekly H o u r s . Data relate to the w eekly w ork occu pation s fo r w hich data a re presen ted . Paid H olid a y s. p rovid ed annually. P aid h oliday p ro v isio n s schedule fo r rela te to fu ll-d a y each w o rk e r in the and h a lf-d a y h olidays P aid V a ca tio n s. The sum m ary o f vacation plans is lim ited to fo r m a l arran gem en ts, excluding in form a l plans w h ereby tim e o ff with pay is granted at the d isc r e tio n of the e m p loy er o r the su p e r v is o r . Paym ents not on a tim e b a sis w e re co n v e rte d ; fo r exam ple, a payment o f 2 p ercen t o f annual earnings was co n sid e re d the equivalent o f 1 week* s pay. The p eriod s o f s e r v ic e fo r w hich data a re p resen ted w e re se le c te d as rep resen ta tiv e o f the m o st com m on p ra c tic e s but they do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t individual p ro v isio n s fo r p r o g re ssio n . F o r exam ple, the changes in p rop ortion s indicated at 5 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e include changes in p ro v isio n s w hich m ay have o c c u r r e d after 4 y e a r s . H ealth, In su rance, and P en sion P la n s. Data are p resen ted fo r a ll health, in su ran ce, and pension plans fo r w hich a ll o r a part of the c o s t is born e by the e m p lo y e r, excluding only p rog ra m s req u ire d by law, such as w ork m en 1s com pen sation and s o c ia l se cu rity . Am ong the plans included are those underw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su ran ce com pany and those paid fo r d ire ctly by the em p loyer fr o m his cu rren t operating funds o r fr o m a fund set a side fo r this p u rp ose. Death ben efits a re included as a fo r m o f life in su ran ce. Sickness and a ccid en t in surance is lim ited to that type of in su ran ce under which p red eterm in ed ca sh paym ents are m ade d ire ctly to the in su red on a w eekly o r m onthly basis during illn e ss o r a ccid en t d is ability. Inform ation is p resen ted fo r a ll such plans to w hich the em p loyer con tribu tes at lea st a part o f the c o s t. Tabulations o f pay or a p rop ortion o f m a l arran gem en ts have w hich p rovid e fu ll pay waiting p eriod . paid s ick leave plans are lim ited to fo r m a l plans w hich p rovid e fu ll the w o r k e r 's pay during a bsen ce fr o m w ork b eca u se o f illn e s s ; in fo r been om itted. Separate tabulations are p rov id ed a cco rd in g to (1) plans and no waiting p e rio d and (2) plans provid in g either p a rtia l pay o r a M ed ica l in su ran ce r e fe r s to plans p rovidin g fo r com p lete o r p a rtia l paym ent o f doctors* fe e s . Such plans m ay be underw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su ran ce com pany o r a nonprofit organ ization , o r they m ay be s e lf-in s u r e d . C atastrophe in su ran ce, so m etim es r e fe r r e d to as extended m e d ica l in su ra n ce, in cludes the plans design ed to c o v e r em p loyees in ca se o f sick n e ss o r injury in volving an e x pense which goes beyond the n orm a l c o v e ra g e o f h osp italization , m e d ica l, and su r g ic a l plans. Tabulations o f retirem en t a re lim ited to plans which p rov id e reg u la r paym ents upon retirem en t fo r the rem a in d er o f the w orker*s life . N onproduction B on u ses. N onproduction bonuses are defined fo r this study as bonuses that depend on fa c to r s other than the output o f the individual w o rk e r o r group o f w o r k e r s . Plans that d efer paym ent beyond 1 yea r w e re excluded. Appendix B: Occupational Descriptions The p r im a r y p u rp ose o f p rep a rin g jo b d escrip tion s fo r the Bureau*s wage su rveys is to a s s is t its field staff in c la s s ify in g into app rop riate occu pation s w o rk e rs who a re em ployed under a v a rie ty of p a y ro ll titles and d ifferen t w o rk arran gem en ts fro m establishm ent to establish m en t and fr o m a rea to a rea . This is e ssen tia l in o r d e r to p e rm it the grouping o f occu p ation al wage rates rep resen tin g com p a ra b le jo b content. B eca u se o f this em phasis on in te restablish m en t and in tera rea co m p a ra b ility of occu p ation al content, the Bureau*s job d e scrip tio n s m ay d iffe r sig n ifi cantly fro m those in u se in individual establish m en ts or those p re p a re d fo r other p u rp o se s. In applying these jo b d e s c r ip tio n s , the Bureau*s fie ld econ om ists are in stru cted to exclu de w orking s u p e r v is o r s , a p p re n tice s, le a r n e r s , b e g in n e rs, tra in e e s, handicapped, p a r t-tim e , te m p o ra ry , and p rob a tion a ry w o r k e r s . CLE AN ER , HEAVY (Janitor, p o r te r , u tility la b o r e r ) P e r fo r m s heavy cleaning duties in dw ellings and other bu ildin gs, including any or a com bination of the fo llo w in g : O perating heavy m o to r -d r iv e n cleaning equipm ent (other than light vacuum sw eepers and flo o r w a x e rs); w et-m op p in g flo o r s ; washing w ails and glass p artition s; p olishin g m arble or b r a s s ; m oving heavy fu rn itu re; hosing sidew alks and sh o v e l ing snow; and rem ovin g heavy rubbish. Include in this c la s s ific a tio n w o rk e rs who p e rfo rm com bination duties o f cleaning and provid in g m in or m aintenance s e r v ic e s such as changing light bu lbs, rep a irin g Venetian b lin ds, and installing an d/or rem ovin g e le c t r ic fan s. Exclude w ork e rs who s p e c ia liz e in window washing (window w a sh e rs), w o rk e rs waxing flo o r s (w a x e r s , flo o r ), and those who a re additionally r e sp o n sib le fo r the op eration o f heating, a ir-co n d itio n in g , or other m ech a n ica l equipment. CLE AN ER , LIGHT (Jan itor, p o r te r , sw e e p e r, charm an, o r charw om an) P e r fo r m s light cleaning duties in dw ellings and other b u ildin gs, u su ally lim ited to such tasks a s; Sweeping and d ry -m op p in g flo o r s ; dusting furniture and equipm ent; em ptying waste b a sk ets; and vacuum ing rugs with a h o m e-typ e vacuum cle a n e r. E xclude w o rk e rs p e r form in g heavy cleaning tasks d e scrib e d above (c le a n e r s, h eavy), w o rk e rs sp e cia liz in g in window washing (window w a s h e rs), w ork ers waxing flo o r s (w a xers, flo o r ), and those who are resp on sib le fo r the operation of heating, a ir-co n d itio n in g , or other m e ch a n ica l equipm ent. EXTERM IN ATOR K ills, by app lication o f c h e m ica ls , v erm in such as r o a c h e s , b e e tle s , m oth s, ants, bedbugs, ra ts, and m ice which in fest dw ellings and other bu ildin gs. W ork in volves the follow in g; Spraying ch e m ica l solutions throughout ro o m s and into hiding p la ce s with a sp ray gun to kill in se cts ; dusting sodium flu orid e and other poison ou s ch e m ica l pow ders into hiding p la ces of ro a ch e s ; and setting out poison ou s paste o r bait in b ox es or other con tain ers near p la ces w h ere v erm in a re p resen t. May rem ov e m a ttr e s s e s , u pholstered fu rn itu re, and clothing fro m building and fum igate them in a vault at the b u sin ess establish m en t to d e stro y in se cts . E xclude w o rk e rs who sp e c ia liz e in the destru ction of in sects and rodents through the use of lethal fum igants. 25 26 W AXER, FLO OR C lean s, w a x es, and p olish es flo o r s by hand o r m ach in e. W ork in v o lv e s: R em ovin g dirt and ble m ish e s fr o m flo o r , using va riou s cleaning solven ts and com pounds a cco rd in g to the com p ositio n o f flo o r ; applying paste o r liquid wax to flo o r with rags o r m a ch in e; and polishing flo o r with e le c t r ic polishin g m achine o r w eighted brush. WINDOW WASHER s to r e s , Cleans w indow s, inside o r outside, in such apartm ent h ou ses, private h om es, and h o te ls. establish m en ts as o ffic e buildings, INDUSTRY WAGE STUDIES The following reports cover part of the Bureau's program of industry wage surveys. These reports cover the period 1950 to date and may be obtained free upon request as long as a supply is available. However, those for which a price is shown are available only from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., or any of its regional sales offices. I. Occupational Wage Studies Manufacturing Paper and Allied Products: Apparel: Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard, 1952 - Series 2, -No. 91 Men's Dress Shirts and Nightwear, 1950 — Series 2, No. 80 Men's and Boys' Dress Shirts and Nightwear, 1954 BLS Report No. 74 * Men's and Boys' Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1956 - BLS Report No. 116 Men's and Boys' Suits and Coats, 1953 — BLS Report No. 140 Women's and Misses' Coats and Suits, 1957 — BLS Report No. 122 Women’ s and Misses' Dresses, I960 — BLS Report No. 193 Work Clothing, 1953 - BLS Report No. 51 ❖ Work Shirts, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report No. 115 ❖ Work Shirts, 1957 - BLS Report No. 124 Primary Metals, Fabricated Metal Products and Machinery: Basic Iron and Steel, 1951 - Series 2, No. 81 Fabricated Structural Steel, 1957 — BLS Report No. 123 Gray Iron Foundries, 1959 — 3LS Report No. 151 Nonferrous Foundries, 1951 — Series 2, No. 82 Nonferrous Foundries, I960 — BLS Report No. 180 Machinery Industries, 1953*54 — BLS Bull. No. 1160 (40 cents) Machinery Industries, 1954-55 — BLS Report No. 93 Machinery Manufacturing, 1955-56 — BLS Report No. 107 Machinery Manufacturing, 1957-58 - BLS Report No. 139 Machinery Manufacturing, 1958-59 - BLS Report No. 147 Machinery Manufacturing, 1959*60 — BLS Report No. 170 Machinery Manufacturing, 1961 — BLS Bull. No. 1309 ( 30 cents) Radio, Television, and Related Products, 1951 — Series 2, No. 84 Steel Foundries, 1951 — Series 2, No. 85 Chemicals and Petroleum: Fertilizer, 1949-50 - Series 2, No. 77 ❖ Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. I l l ❖ Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1957 - BLS Report No. 132 Industrial Chemicals, 1951 — Series 2, No. 87 Industrial Chemicals, 1955 - BLS Report No. 103 Paints and Varnishes, 1961 — BLS Bull. No. 1318 (30 cents) Petroleum Production and Refining, 1951 — Series 2, No. 83 Petroleum Refining, 1959 - BLS Report No. 158 Synthetic Fibers, 1958 - BLS Report No. 143 ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Rubber and Plastics Products: Miscellaneous Plastics Products, I960 — BLS Report No. 168 Stone, Clay, and Glass: Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, I960 — BLS Report No. 177 Structural Clay Products, 1954 - BLS Report No. 77 Structural Clay Products, I960 - BLS Report No. 172 Food: Textiles: Candy and Other Confectionery Products, I960 — BLS Report No. 195 Canning and Freezing, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report No. 117 Canning and Freezing, 1957 — BLS Report No. 136 Distilled Liquors, 1952 - Series 2, No. 88 Fluid Milk Industry, I960 - BLS Report No. 174 Raw Sugar, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report No. 117 Raw Sugar, 1957 - BLS Report No. 136 Cotton Textiles, 1954 - BLS Report No. 82 Cotton Textiles, I960 - BLS Report No. 184 Cotton and Synthetic Textiles, 1952 —Series 2, No. 89 Hosiery, 1952 - BLS Report No. 34 Miscellaneous Textiles, 1953 — BLS Report No. 56 Processed Waste, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 115 Processed Waste, 1957 — BLS Report No. 124 Seamless Hosiery, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 112 Seamless Hosiery, 1957 - BLS Report No. 129 Synthetic Textiles, 1954 - BLS Report No. 87 Synthetic Textiles, I960 — BLS Report No. 192 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1956 — BLS Report No. 110 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1961 - BLS Bull No. 1311(35 cents) Woolen and Worsted Textiles, 1952 — Series 2, No. 90 Wool Textiles, 1957 - BLS Report No. 134 Leather: Footwear, 1953 — BLS Report No. 46 ❖ Footwear, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 115 Footwear, 1957 - BLS Report No. 133 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1954 BLS Report No. 80 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1959 — BLS Report No. 150 Lumber and Furniture: Household Furniture, 1954 - BLS Report No. 76 Lumber in the South, 1949 and 1950 - Series 2, No. 76 Southern Lumber Industry, 1953 - BLS Report No. 45 ❖ Southern Sawmills, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 113 ❖ Southern Sawmills, 1957 — BLS Report No. 130 West Coast Sawmilling, 1952 — BLS Report No. 7 West Coast Sawmilling, 1959 - BLS Report No. 156 Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1959 BLS Report No. 152 * Wooden Containers, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 115 ❖ Wooden Containers, 1957 — BLS Report No. 126 ❖ Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Tobacco: Cigar Manufacturing, 1955 - BLS Report No. 97 ❖ Cigar Manufacturing, 1956 - BLS Report No. 117 Cigar Manufacturing, I96I — BLS Bull. No. 1317 (30 cents) * Tobacco Stemming and Redrying, 1955 and 1956 — BLS Report No. 117 ❖ Tobacco Stemming and Redrying, 1957 - BLS Report No. 136 Transportation: Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1950 — BLS Bull. No. 1015 (20 cents) Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Parts, 1957 — BLS Report No. 128 Railroad Cars, 1952 - Series 2, No. 86 I. Occupational Wage Studies— Continued Nonmanufacturing Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1958 - BLS Report No. 141 Banking Industry, I960 - BLS Report No. 179 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, I960 BLS Report No. 181 Department and Women’ s Ready-to-Wear Stores, 1950 — Series 2, No. 78 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1950 - Series 2, No. 79 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1952 - BLS Report No. 12 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1957 - BLS Report No. 135 Hotels, I960 — BLS Report No. 173 Power Laundries and Dry Cleaners, I960 — BLS Report No. 178 II. Other Industry Wage Studies Communications Workers, Earnings inOctober 1956 - BLS Report No. 121 Communications Workers, Earnings inOctober 1957 — BLS Report No. 138 Communications Workers, Earnings inOctober 1958 — BLS Report No. 149 Communications Workers, Earnings inOctober 1959 — BLS Report No. 171 Communications, October I960 - BLS Bull. No. 1306 (20 cents) Factory Workers’ Earnings - Distributions by Straight-Time Hourly Earnings, 1954 - BLS Bull. No. 1179 (25 cents) Factory Workers* Earnings - 5 Industry Groups, 1956 - BLS Report No. 118 Factory Workers’ Earnings — Distribution by Straight-Time Hourly Earnings, 1958 — BLS Bull. No. 1252 (40 cents) Factory Workers’ Earnings — Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1959 — BLS Bull. No. 1275 (35 cents) Wages in Nonmetropolitan Areas, South and North Central Regions, October I960 — BLS Report No. 190 Retail Trade, Employee Earnings in October 1956: Initial Report - BLS Report No. 119 (30 cents) Building Materials and Farm Equipment Dealers — BLS Bull. No. 1220-1 (20 cents) General Merchandise Stores — BLS Bull. No. 1220-2 (35 cents) Food Stores — BLS Bull. No. 1220-3 (30 cents) Automotive Dealers and Gasoline Service Stations — BLS Bull. No. 1220-4 (35 cents) Apparel and Accessories Stores — BLS Bull. No. 1220-5 (45 cents) Furniture, Home Furnishings, and Appliance Stores - BLS Bull. No. 1220-6 (35 cents) Drug Stores and Proprietary Stores - BLS Bull. No. 1220-7 (15 cents) Summary Report - BLS Bull. No. 1220 (55 cents) Regional Offices U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 18 Oliver Street Boston 10, Mass. U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 1371 Peachtree Street, NE. Atlanta 9, Ga. U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 341 Ninth Avenue New York 1, N.Y. U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 105 West Adams Street Chicago 3, 111. U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 630 Sansome Street San Francisco 11, Calif. « U.S. GO VERNMENT P R IN TIN G OFFICE : 1962 0 — 638020
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