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Industry
Wage Survey
L X.
i
~7
Contract
Cleaning Services
July 1971
Bulletin 17 78
U.S. DEP A R TM E N T OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
1973
Daytonp
i Mo,Library
nt8om^
Public
c °-
SEP6 1973
DOCUMENT COLLECTION
Industry
Wage Survey
Contract
Cleaning Services
July 1971
Bulletin 1778
U.S. D EP A R TM E N T OF LABOR
Peter J. Brennen, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Ben Burdetsky, Deputy Commissioner
*
CsEI
1973
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Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents.
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P re fa c e
This bulletin summarizes the results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of wages and
supplementary benefits in the contract cleaning services industries in July 1971. A similar study was
conducted in July 1968.
Separate releases were issued earlier for the following areas: Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Chicago,
Cleveland, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles-Long Beach and Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove,
Louisville, Memphis, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Newark and Jersey City, New
Orleans, New York, Norfolk-Portsmouth and Newport News-Hampt on, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,
Richmond, St. Louis, San Francisco-Oakland, Seattle-Everett, and Washington, D.C. Copies of these
releases are available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212, or any of its
regional offices.
This study was conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. Martin E.
Personick of the Division of Occupational Wage Structures prepared the analysis in this bulletin.
Field work for the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional Directors for Operations.
Other reports available from the Bureau’s program of industry wage studies as well as the
addresses of the Bureau’s regional offices are listed at the end of this bulletin.
iii
Contents
Page
S u m m ary .......................................................................................................................................................................
Industry characteristics................................................................................................................................................
Occupational staffing .........................................................................................................................................
Employment t r e n d s .............................................................................................................................................
Size of establishment .........................................................................................................................................
Type of service ...................................................................................................................................................
Type of structure se rv ic e d ........................................................................................
Type of customer ................................................................................................................................................
U nionization.........................................................................................................................................................
Method of wage payment ...................................................................................................................................
Weekly hours of w o r k .........................................................................................................................................
Average e a rn in g s ...........................................................................................................
Occupational earnings ................................................................................................................................................
Establishment practices and supplementary wage pro v isio n s..................................................................................
Late-shift work ...................................................................................................................................................
Paid holidays ......................................................................................................................................................
Paid v a c a tio n s ......................................................................................................................................................
Health, insurance, and retirement p l a n s ............................................................................................................
Other selected benefits ......................................................................................................................................
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
6
6
6
5
5
5
Tables:
1.
2.
Employment by selected characteristics ..........................................................................................
Average hours and earnings...............................................................................................................
7
g
Hourly earnings distribution:
3. All w o rk e rs.........................................................................................................................................
4. Men ...................................................................................................................................................
5. W o m e n ................................................................................................................................................
11
Weekly earnings and hours distribution:
6.
All w o rk e rs.........................................................................................................................................
7. Men ...................................................................................................................................................
8.
W o m e n ................................................................................................................................................
12
13
14
Occupational earnings:
9. Atlanta, Ga............................................................................................................................................
10. Baltimore, Md.......................................................................................................................................
11. Boston, Mass.........................................................................................................................................
12. Chicago, 111............................................................................................................................................
13. Cleveland, Ohio ................................................................................................................................
14. Dallas, Tex...............................................................................................................................................
15. Detroit, Mich...........................................................................................................................................
16. Los Angeles-Long Beach and Anaheim-Santa AnaGarden Grove, Calif...........................................................................................................................
17. Louisville, Ky .-Ind....................................................................................................................................
18. Memphis, Tenn.-Ark...............................................................................................................................
19. Miami, Fla................................................................................................................................................
v
9
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
C o n te n ts — C o n tin u e d
Page
Tables-Continued
Occupational earnings—Continued
20. Milwaukee, Wis..........................................................
21. Minneapolis -St. Paul, Minn........................................
22. Newark and Jersey City, N.J....................................
23. New Orleans, La........................................................
24. New York, N.Y..........................................................
25. Norfolk-Portsmouth and Newport NewsHampton, Va........................................................
26. Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J.................................................
27. Pittsburgh, Pa.............................................................
28. Richmond, Va.........................................................
29. St. Louis, Mo.-Ill................................. ...................
30. San Francisco-Oakland, Calif................................
31. Seattle-Everett, Wash.............................................
32. Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va......................................
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Weekly earnings distribution:
33.
" Cleaners, heavy, n ig h tw o rk -m en ...............
34. Cleaners, light, night w o rk -w o m e n ....................
35. Window washers-men ........................................
39
40
41
Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:
36. Method of wage payment .................................
37. Paid h o lid a y s ........................................................
38. Paid vacations .....................................................
39. Health, insurance, and pension p l a n s ................
40. Other selected b e n e fits .......................................
42
42
43
45
46
Appendixes:
A. Scope and method of survey .
B. Occupational descriptions . . .
47
51
C ontract Cleaning Services, July 1971
and 2 weeks’ after 2 or 3 years; in 10 areas, the majority
of workers were under provisions for 3 weeks’ pay after
5 or 10 years. In 15 areas, at least half the workers were
in establishments providing all or part of the cost of
some type of health, insurance, and pension plan.
Summary
Average straight-time hourly earnings of service
workers in contract cleaning establishments varied con
siderably among the 24 areas surveyed in July 1971,
ranging from $1.90—$1.94 in four southern areas—New
Orleans, Atlanta, Memphis, and Dallas—to $3.63 in San
Francisco-Oakland.l Earnings differences among areas
were due to a number of factors, including variations in
the extent of unionization and differences in types of
services rendered.
Reflecting to a large extent the part-time nature of
work in the industry, weekly earnings of all regularly
employed service workers averaged $65 or less in 15 of
the 24 areas studied. The range went from a low of $38
weekly in Richmond to a high of $127.50 in San
Francisco-Oakland. Due to variations in weekly hours of
work, area pay relationships based on weekly earnings
were somewhat different from those based on hourly
earnings.
In most areas, a majority of the workers performed
general cleaning duties, were employed during the
evening hours, and usually worked between 20 and 30
hours a week.
Shorter workweeks in the industry continued to
dampen weekly earnings gains in most areas studied.
Between July 1968 and July 1971 weekly earnings gains
were smaller than hourly gains in 14 of the 20 areas
studied in both years.12
Paid holidays, most commonly 5 to 8 a year, and paid
vacations were provided to a majority of workers in 2 0
out of 24 areas surveyed in July 1971. Typical vacation
provisions were for 1 week’s pay after 1 year of service
Industry characteristics
The Bureau’s study covered establishments with eight
workers or more which were engaged chiefly in cleaning
windows, disinfecting buildings, exterminating insects,
rodents, and other pests, and in furnishing to dwellings
and other buildings specialized services such as janitorial
service, floor waxing, and office cleaning on a fee or
contract basis. Cleaning contractors may provide a single
service relating to any of these categories or provide
total maintenance of a facility by supplying, in addition
to the cleaning personnel, workers such as guards,
gardeners, parking lot attendants, and refuse collectors.
In recent years, cleaning contractors, especially the
larger firms, have increasingly been providing total
maintenance. In some cases these firms have multi million-dollar operations and maintain installations in a
number of cities.3 However, most contract cleaning
establishments covered by this survey were local firms
employing less than 50 workers.
Occupational staffing. Cleaners constitute nearly fourfifths of the industry’s work force—93,500 out of
118,300 service workers covered by the 24-area survey.
Floor waxers, window washers, and exterminators each
accounted for 5 percent or less of the work force; other
groups not studied separately made up 9 percent.
About 48,000 cleaners generally performed light
tasks, such as sweeping floors, dusting furniture, and
emptying waste baskets; 46,000 performed heavy tasks,
including operating heavy motor-driven cleaning equip
ment, wet-mopping floors, and washing walls and glass
partitions. Seventy percent of the cleaners were
1 “Service w orkers,” as used in this report, include working
forem en and all nonsupervisory workers engaged in n on office
fun ctions.
Average hourly earnings data in this bulletin exclude
prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eek en ds and
holidays, but include premium pay for late-shift and hazardous
w ork, if any. Average hourly earnings were obtained by dividing
aggregate w eekly earnings by the total num ber o f workers. See
appendix A for scope and m eth od o f survey.
3
In their 1970 Industry Management Survey (p. 5 ), the
N ational A ssociation o f Building Service Contractors reported
that a m ajority o f m em ber contractors replying provided total
m aintenance services, defined as any and all services involved in
the cleaning and m aintenance o f buildings and their
surroundings.
2 For earlier surveys in this series sez Industry Wage Survey:
Contract Cleaning Services, July 1968, BLS B ulletin 1644
(1 9 6 9 ) and Industry Wage Survey: Contract Cleaning Services,
Summer 1965, BLS B ulletin 1507 (1 9 6 6 ).
1
employed a majority of the workers in all areas except
Philadelphia, Miami, Milwaukee, and Seattle (table 1).
For the 20 areas permitting comparisons with the 1968
survey, the proportion of workers employed in establish
ments of this size declined in eight areas, increased in
six, and remained about the same (a change of 2
percentage points or less) in six.
employed at night. In a number of areas, significant
proportions worked less than 20 hours per week. There
were indications that many of the employees were
supplementing other incomes, although specific informa
tion of this type was outside the scope of the survey.
Men constituted 70 percent of the 118,300 workers
in the survey. Fifty-three percent of the men performed
heavy cleaning tasks and 19 percent had light cleaning
duties; most of the remainder were employed as extermi
nators, floor waxers, and window washers. In the 24
areas combined, 92 percent of the women performed
light cleaning tasks.
Employment trends. The contract cleaning industries
have provided growing job opportunities throughout the
past decade. Nationally, total employment more than
tripled from March 1959 to March 1971, rising from
92,416 to 292,680.4 Nearly half of the employment in
these industries is accounted for in the 24-area survey
summarized in this report.
As shown in text table 1, 16 of the 20 areas
permitting comparison reported employment increases
between July 1968 and July 1971, ranging from 3
percent in Cleveland to 60 percent in Atlanta. However,
the rate of growth in 1 0 of the 16 areas, as well as for
the 2 0 areas combined, was less than that for the
previous 3-year period . 5 In Chicago, for example, the
increase in service worker employment was 23 percent
between July 1968 and July 1971, compared with 67
percent during the preceding 3-year period. Employment
since 1968 actually declined, or increased less than 10
percent, in seven areas, but rose over 40 percent in two
areas (Washington, D.C. and Atlanta).
Among the 24 areas surveyed in July 1971, serviceworker employment ranged from under 1,000 in Louis
ville and Memphis to 36,000 in New York. Five areas
had 5,000 to slightly over 10,000 workers—Los AngelesLong Beach and Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove;
Washington, D.C.; Chicago; Newark and Jersey City;and
Boston. The rest had fewer than 5,000 workers.
Size o f establishment. Nearly four-fifths of the establish
ments within scope of the 1971 survey employed fewer
than 50 employees. In some of the larger areas, however,
a few establishments employed more than 1 ,0 0 0 .
Establishments with at least 100 workers accounted for
only 1 2 percent of all firms covered by the survey but
^ U.S. Bureau o f the Census, County Business Patterns, U.S.
Sum m ary, 1 9 5 9 and 1 9 7 1 , pp. 12 and 26, respectively.
^ N ational data
available
from
the
BLS
m on th ly
em p loym en t and earnings series also show a slow d ow n in th e rate
o f em p lo y m en t increase f o r , building service workers, from 2 9 .8
percent b etw een July 1965 and July 19 6 8 to 2 3 .5 percent in the
July 196 8 -J u ly 1971 period.
Type o f service. Establishments engaged primarily in
providing janitorial service accounted for a majority of
the service workers in each area, with the proportion
reaching 85 percent or more in 21 areas. Those chiefly
furnishing window-washing services employed about 13
percent of the workers in Philadelphia but no more than
8 percent in any other area. The proportion of workers
employed by contractors providing primarily disinfect
ing and exterminating services was one-fifth in Miami,
Text table 1. Percent change in employment of service
workers in contract cleaning establishments, 1965-71
Serviceworker1
employment,
July 1971
1965-68
1968-71
20-area total2 ..............
114,246
25
21
Northeast:
B o s to n .................................
Newark and Jersey City . .
New Y o r k .............................
Philadelphia ........................
Pittsburgh................... ..
5,058
5,668
36,343
4,360
1,868
11
19
12
12
73
-5
40
30
34
-2 3
South:
A tla n ta .................................
B a ltim o re ............................
D a lla s ....................................
M ia m i....................................
New O rleans........................
Washington, D .C ..................
4,254
3,780
2,537
1,562
1,784
8,864
37
63
59
31
12
26
60
37
-8
16
15
43
North Central:
Chicago ...............................
Cleveland .............................
D e t r o it .................................
Milwaukee ..........................
Minneapolis-St. P a u l.........
St. L o u is...............................
8,265
2,959
4,017
1,521
2,240
2,978
67
34
44
33
92
56
23
3
20
24
5
33
West:
Los Angeles-Long Beach
and Anaheim-Santa
Ana-Garden G r o v e .........
San Francisco-Oakland . . .
Seattle-E verett...................
10,155
4,474
1,559
13
21
58
-2
5
27
Area
Percent
change in
employment
Full- and part-time nonsupervisory workers employed on a
regular basis. Excludes casual workers, those employed on a job
basis, and office clerical employees.
2 Excludes employment in four areas surveyed for the first
time in July 1971—Louisville, Memphis, Norfolk-Portsmouth
and Newport News-Hampton, and Richmond. Including these
areas, the total for July 1971 was 118,328.
2
(AFL-CIO) was the major union in the industry at the
time of the survey.
one-eighth in Norfolk-Portsmouth and Newport NewsHampton, and less than one-tenth in the other areas.
Establishments engaged primarily in janitorial services,
window cleaning, or floor waxing generally provided at
least two of these services. Disinfecting and exterminat
ing firms, however, usually were limited to one type of
service.
M e th o d o f wage p a ym en t. Nine-tenths of the workers or
more in all areas except Memphis were paid on a
time-rate basis (table 36). Time-workers usually were
paid under formal plans setting single rates for specific
occupational classifications in 12 areas, and under ranges
of rates in three areas. Rates determined by the
individual’s qualifications applied to a majority of
workers in eight areas. Incentive wage payment plans
applied to slightly more than half of the workers in
Memphis.
T yp e o f structure serviced. C o n t r a c t o r s
engaged
primarily in servicing office buildings accounted for half
or more of the workers in each area except SeattleEverett, where the proportion was 45 percent. In about
half the areas surveyed, 85 percent or more of the
service workers were in establishments primarily servic
ing office buildings.
Those firms primarily servicing industrial plants or
factories employed about two-fifths of the workers in
Seattle-Everett, between one-tenth and nearly twotenths in Chicago, Los Angeles-Long Beach and
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, Pittsburgh, Balti
more, and Milwaukee, and less than one-tenth in all
other areas. Contractors primarily servicing either
institutions, such as hospitals, nursing homes, schools,
etc., or supermarkets and other stores employed 15
percent or less of the workers in the areas studied.
Most establishments generally rendered their services
to two or more types of structures.
W eekly hours o f w o rk . Service employees in contract
cleaning establishments frequently worked less than 15
hours per week in July 1971 (table 6 ). On the average,
however, they worked 19 hours in Richmond, from 22
to nearly 30 hours in 16 areas, and from 30 to 35
hours in seven areas. For 16 areas, at least one-half of
the service employees worked less than 30 hours a week;
in nine out of 1 0 southern areas, a majority worked
under 25 hours weekly. In only five areas—Chicago, Los
Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, and San FranciscoOakland-did a majority of the employees work 35
hours or more (most commonly 40 to 45 hours).
Men in the survey averaged more hours a week than
women in 19 areas, averaged the same number of hours
in two areas (Baltimore and Philadelphia), and fewer
hours in three areas (Detroit, San Francisco-Oakland,
and Seattle-Everett). Except in Philadelphia, a larger
proportion of men than women worked at least 40 hours
per week (tables 7 and 8 ).
Between the 1968 and 1971 surveys, average work
weeks declined in 14 areas, rose in five areas, and
remained the same in the Los Angeles area (text table 2).
Declines were smallest in Cleveland, Philadelphia, and
San Francisco-Oakland (approximately 1.5 percent in
each) and largest in Detroit and Minneapolis (slightly
over 11 percent in each). Increases were within a
relatively narrow range—from 1.7 to 3.8 percent.
T y p e o f custom er. Private firms or individuals were the
principal source of revenue for cleaning contractors
employing three-fifths of the workers in the Norfolk
area, and seven-eighths or more in the other areas. In
Washington, D.C., government agencies were the main
source of revenue for cleaning contractors employing 13
percent of the workers and were a secondary source for
those employing 30 percent. In half the areas surveyed, a
majority of the workers were employed by cleaning
contractors deriving at least some of their revenue from
government agencies. Only a few cleaning contractors,
however, derived their revenue entirely from government
agencies.
U nionization. Establishments which had collective bar
gaining agreements covering a majority of their service
workers employed nearly two-thirds of the workers in
the 24 areas combined. The proportion of workers in
these firms ranged from under one-tenth in Baltimore to
seven-eighths or more in Cleveland, New York, St. Louis,
San Francisco-Oakland, and Seat tie-Everett (table 1). In
7 of the 1 0 southern areas studied, none of the
establishments visited had collective bargaining agree
ments covering a majority of their regular service
employees. The Service Employees’ International Union
Average earnings
Straight-time hourly earnings for all service workers
ranged from $1.90 in New Orleans to $3.63 in San
Francisco-Oakland in July 1971 (table 2). Within
regional groupings, the spread in area averages was:
$2.19 to $3.15 in the Northeast; $1.90 to $2.27 in the
South; $2.15 to $2.94 in the North Central region; and
$2 . 8 6 to $3.63 in the West.
Hourly earnings levels increased in the 20 areas
3
permitting comparisons between the 1968 and 1971
sur/eys, ranging from 4 percent in New Orleans to nearly
30percent in New York (text table 2).
Between the 1968 and 1971 surveys, weekly earnings
levels rose more slowly than hourly earnings in most
areas because of widespread declines in hours worked
(text table 2). In New Orleans, average weekly earnings
actually declined during the period as a 2 -1 / 2 -hour
( 1 0 . 2 percent) cutback in average weekly hours worked
more than offset an increase in hourly pay. Other areas
where sharp declines in the average workweek signifi
cantly dampened hourly pay gains included Atlanta,
Dallas, Detroit, Miami, and Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Due to variations in weekly hours of work, area pay
relationships based on weekly earnings were somewhat
different from those based on hourly earnings in July
1971. For example, workers in Chicago averaged 21
cents an hour less than those in Seattle-Everett, but
because of their longer average workweek (33 hours
compared with 29-1/2), they averaged $5 per week
more. Also, average hourly earnings were nearly identical
in Boston ($2.33) and Milwaukee ($2.34), but weekly
earnings averaged $53.50 and $64, respectively.
Average weekly earnings ranged from $38 in Rich
mond to $127.50 in San Francisco-Oakland. Reflecting
to a large extent the part-time nature of jobs in the
industry, weekly earnings averaged $65 or less in 15 of
the 24 areas studied; they exceeded $100 in New York
and San Francisco-Oakland, where the longest average
workweeks and the highest average hourly earnings were
recorded.
The spread of individual hourly earnings, concen
trated within comparatively narrow ranges in many
areas, largely reflected the numerical importance of
cleaners and the pay they commonly received (table 3).
For example, two-thirds of the workers in St. Louis
earned $ 2 but less than $2 . 1 0 per hour; half of the
workers in Dallas and Memphis earned $1.60 to $1.65
per hour; half in Seattle-Everett earned $3.30 to $3.40
per hour; and about one-third in San Francisco-Oakland
earned $3.70 to $3.80. In each instance, cleaners
accounted for at least nine-tenths of the workers paid
these amounts.
Men, as a group, averaged more than women in all
areas. The hourly wage advantage for men ranged from 4
to 36 percent, with the most common differential falling
between 10 and 20 percent. Differences in average pay
levels for men and women may be the result of several
factors, including variations in the distribution of men
and women among establishments and among jobs which
have disparate pay levels. For example, window washers,
usually the highest-paid occupation, were virtually all
men. On the other hand, women made up two-thirds of
the light cleaners, the lowest paid occupation studied,
while men constituted over 95 percent of those workers
performing heavy cleaning duties.
Also, differences noted in average earnings for men
and women in the same job and area may reflect possible
minor differences in duties. Job descriptions used to
classify workers in wage surveys are more generalized
than those used in individual establishments because
allowance must be made for possible minor differences
among establishments in specific duties performed.
Text table 2. Percent change in average earnings and
hours of service workers in contract cleaning
establishments, July 1968 to July 1971
Percent change
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings 2
Average
weekly
earnings 2
Boston ....................................
Newark and Jersey City . . .
New Y o r k ...............................
P h iladelph ia..........................
Pittsburgh...............................
13,7
26.4
29.6
19.5
6.8
8.1
29.2
32.3
16.9
11.0
- 4 .2
1.7
3.0
-1 .6
3.8
South:
A tla n ta ....................................
B a ltim o re ...............................
D a lla s ......................................
M ia m i......................................
New O rleans..........................
Washington.............................
9.7
12.4
13.5
19.1
4.4
14.8
1.1
12.3
4.7
11.2
-5 .6
10.6
-7 .8
-2 .2
-8 .0
-7 .8
- 1 0 .2
-2 .0
North Central:
Chicago .................................
Cleveland ...............................
D e t r o it ....................................
Milwaukee .............................
Minneapolis-St. P a u l............
St. L o u is ................................. |
18.1
20.7
15.7
8.3
20.6
22.9
14.7
19.3
2.9
9.4
6.6
22.2
-2 .9
-1 .6
- 1 1 .5
1.9
- 1 1 .3
- 1 .9
19.2
21.0
19.3
18.5
20.3
21.7
0
-1 .4
1.7
Area
Northeast:
West:
Los Angeles-Long Beach and
Anaheim-Santa AnaGarden Grove .................
San Francisco-Oakland . . . .
S eattle-E verett......................)
** Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, as defined by the
U.S. Office of Management and Budget through January 1968.
Occupational earnings
2 Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtimework on
weekends and holidays, but include premium pay for late-shift
and hazardous work, if any. Average hourly earnings were
obtained by dividing aggregate weekly earnings by aggregate
weekly hours.
Tables 9 through 32 present earnings data, where
possible, for cleaners, exterminators, floor waxers, and
4
provided. Such payments were included in windowwasher earnings for purposes of the survey.
Average hourly earnings for men performing heavy
cleaning tasks, numerically the most significant group
studied separately, ranged from $1.77 in New Orleans to
$3.61 in San Francisco-Oakland. In eight of the 10
southern areas studied, average earnings of men heavy
cleaners fell below $2 per hour. In addition to San
Francisco-Oakland, the New York, Minneapolis-St. Paul,
and Seattle-Everett areas reported averages exceeding $3
per hour.
About two thirds of the workers performing light
cleaning tasks were women. Average earnings for women
employed as light cleaners ranged from $1.66 per hour
window washers. Together, these occupational groups
accounted for about four-fifths or more of the regularly
employed service workers in each area except Norfolk,
where the proportion covered was slightly over twothirds.
Of the occupational classifications studied separately
in the contract cleaning industries, window washers were
usually the highest paid (text table 3). They averaged
from $2.79 an hour in Pittsburgh to $4.76 in Detroit
and $4.78 in San Francisco-Oakland. In nearly half of
the 17 areas for which their earnings were published,
window washers averaged over $4 per hour. In most
areas, extra pay for hazardous work, such as using
scaffolds, high ladders, and bosun chairs, was commonly
Text table 3.
1971
Average hourly earnings of workers in selected occupations in contract cleaning establishments, July
Average hourly earnings
Area
1
Northeast:
Boston .........................................................................
Newark and Jersey City ...........................................
New Y o r k .....................................................................
Philadelphia................................................................
Pittsburgh.....................................................................
South:
A tla n ta .........................................................................
B a ltim o re .....................................................................
D a lla s ............................................................................
Louisville .....................................................................
M em phis .......................................................................................................................................
M ia m i ................................................................................................................................................
New O rleans................................................................
Norfolk-Portsmouth and
Newport News-Ham pton...................................
Richmond ..................................................................
Washington, D .C .........................................................
North Central:
Chicago .......................................................................
Cleveland .....................................................................
D e t r o it .........................................................................
Milwaukee ..................................................................
Minneapolis-St. P a u l..................................................
St. L ou is.......................................................................
West:
Los Angeles-Long Beach and
Anaheim-Santa AnaGarden Grove ......................................................
San Francisco-Oakland.............................................
S eattle-Everett...........................................................
1 Standard
U.S. Office of
2 Earnings
weekends and
Floor
Extermi
nators
(men)
-
3.47
2.91
-
2.65
-
3.12
3.10
2.97
2.71
Window
washers
(men)
Men
Women
$2.46
2.48
3.16
2.44
1.91
$2.21
2.33
3.05
2.37
2.15
$3.58
3.36
4.35
3.25
2.79
$2.18
2.22
2.88
2.13
1.75
$2.07
2.12
2.76
2.07
1.78
1.92
2.02
1.84
1.89
1.87
1.91
2.56
1.79
1.88
1.77
1.79
1.77
1.75
1.71
2.04
1.68
1.70
1.66
1.80
1.78
-
2.12
-
1.78
-
.
-
3.43
-
.
-
1.73
1.68
1.99
2.70
3.50
2.12
2.90
2.58
2.68
2.13
3.05
2.12
4.28
4.23
4.76
3.91
3.70
2.70
2.23
2.28
1.91
2.35
2.01
2.49
2.30
2.18
1.88
2.34
2.00
2.90
3.67
3.54
2.76
3.61
3.22
4.15
4.78
4.42
2.51
3.15
2.84
2.51
3.33
2.84
-
_
.
1.74
1.84
1.95
2.10
.
.
.
3.26
3.03
-
3.12
4.25
.
4.43
3.41
Light cleaners
1.89
1.81
2.05
-
2.81
-
and hazardous work, if any.
Metropolitan Statistical Areas, as defined by the
Management and Budget through January 1968.
data exclude premium pay for overtime work on
holidays, but include premium pay for late-shift
(men)
Heavy
cleaners
(men)
\A/a
y p r1cO
VVCI AC
$2.71
2
NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data do not
meet publication criteria.
5
Minneapolis-St. Paul (table 37). In New York, 90
percent of the workers were in establishments providing
10 paid holidays.
in Memphis to $3.33 in San Fran cisco-Oakland. As was
the case for men heavy cleaners, pay for women light
cleaners usually was lowest in the South, where it
typically fell below $2; among the higher paying areas
($2.49 to $2.84 per hour) were Chicago, Los Angeles,
New York, and Seattle-Everett.
Women light cleaners, usually employed at night and
frequently working less than 30 hours a week, com
monly averaged from 10 to 34 percent an hour less than
men performing heavy cleaning; in Baltimore, however,
women light cleaners averaged 9 percent more than men
heavy cleaners and in New Orleans, the averages for both
were about the same.
Earnings of individual workers varied within the same
job and area (tables 9-32). The extent of the dispersion,
however, differed among the areas and for different jobs
within the same area. For example, about half of the
men heavy cleaners employed at night in Dallas earned
between $1.60 and $1.65 per hour, whereas the earnings
of the middle half of the array for those workers in New
York were between $2.81 and $3.23. Over four-fifths of
the women light cleaners employed at night in New
York earned between $2.80 and $2.90 per hour.
Paid vacations. Paid vacations after qualifying periods of
service were provided by cleaning contractors employing
a majority of service workers in all areas except Atlanta,
Dallas, Minneapolis-St. Paul, and New Orleans. In the 20
areas where a majority of workers were under paid
vacation plans, typical provisions were for 1 week’s pay
after 1 year of service (2 weeks’ in the three western
areas), and 2 weeks’ pay after 2 or 3 years. In seven
areas, over half of the workers were in establishments
with provisions for at least 3 weeks’ pay after 10 years,
and in three other areas, similar provisions applied after 5
years of service (table 38).
Health, insurance, and retirement plans. One or more
forms of health, insurance, or pension plans applied to a
majority of the service workers in 15 of the 24 areas
(table 39). Employers typically paid the total costs in
most of the areas reporting these benefits. One-third or
less of the workers were covered by such plans in six
southern areas as well as in Boston and Minneapolis—St.
Paul. In contrast, four-fifths or more of the workers in
the three western areas were under such plans.
Hospitalization, life, and surgical insurance were the
most commonly reported of these benefits; about half
the areas studied had a majority of workers covered by
each of these plans. Retirement pension plans, in
addition to Federal social security, were provided for
half or more of the service workers in seven areas. As
was the case in many other industries, major medical
care coverage had risen significantly in contract cleaning
since 1968; seven areas in July 1971 had a majority of
workers under such provisions compared to only one
area-San Francisco-Oakland-3 years earlier.
Establishment practices and
supplementary wage provisions
Data also were obtained on late-shift differentials and
selected supplementary wage benefits, such as paid
holidays, paid vacations, and various health, insurance,
and retirement plans. Information on wage practices and
benefits applies to a majority of regularly employed
service workers in each establishment, whether full time
or part time. All plans, except those legally required,
were included when at least part of the cost was paid by
the employer. No attempt, however, was made to
evaluate the cost of benefits provided by any plan.
Late-shift work. Although a majority of the cleaners in
each area studied were employed at night, only in two
areas—Seat tie-Everett and Los Angeles—did formal pro
visions for shift premium pay usually apply to regular
service workers. In Los Angeles, contractors reporting
shift differentials paid 15 cents an hour above day-shift
rates if the employees worked more than half of their
hours after midnight. In Seattle-Everett, most employers
paid their workers on such shifts 5 cents an hour above
day rates. Among the other areas studied, shift
differentials were rarely found in the industry.
Other selected benefits. Pay for leave to attend funerals
of certain family members was available to at least half
of the service workers in six areas surveyed in July 1971
(table 40). Such provisions applied to nearly half the
workers in Minneapolis-St. Paul and San FranciscoOakland and to approximately one-third or less in the
other areas.
Jury-duty pay was provided to a majority of the
workers in only four areas—Los Angeles, Newark and
Jersey City, Richmond, and Seattle-Everett. Such pro
visions applied to one-third or less of the workers in the
remaining areas.
Paid holidays. Paid holidays, most commonly 5 to 8
annually, were provided to half or more of the service
workers in all areas, except Atlanta, Memphis, and
6
T a b le i .
E m p lo y m e n t by s e le c te d c h a ra c te ris tic s
( P e r c e n t of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s ta b l is h m e n t s , 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
P e r c e n t of w o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s —
N um ber
of
w o rk e rs
A rea
E m p lo y in g
8 -1 9
w o rk ers
2 0 -4 9
w o rk e rs
D e r iv in g m o s t of re v e n u e
f r o m c o n tr a c ts w i t h —
P r i m a r i l y p ro v id in g
5 0 -9 9
w o rk ers
100 w o r k e r s
or m o re
J a n ito ria l
s e rv ic e
W in d o w
c le a n in g
s e rv ic e
D is in f e c tin g
and e x
te r m in a t in g
s e rv ic e
O th e r
s e rv ic e s
P riv a te
firm s or
i n d iv id u a ls
G o v e rn
m ent
a g e n c ie s
H a ving
collective
bargaining
.agreem ents
N o rth e a s t
B o s t o n ____________________________________
N e w a rk a n d J e r s e y C ity __________________
N e w Y o rk
P h i la d e l p h ia
.
__
P i t t s b u r g h ________________________________
5,
5,
36,
4,
1,
058
668
343
360
868
9
11
5
12
12
25
9
6
28
5
12
6
7
14
11
54
75
82
46
72
95
96
93
75
90
4, 254
3, 780
2, 537
794
948
1 ,5 6 2
1 ,7 84
5
4
7
13
3
20
10
8
9
18
20
14
16
17
10
11
3
7
33
3
77
76
72
68
77
31
69
91
89
94
85
85
63
91
1, 125
1 ,2 1 5
8, 864
12
8
2
6
9
10
17
17
14
65
66
73
88
93
91
8, 265
2, 959
4, 017
1 ,5 2 1
2, 240
2, 978
8
7
13
12
16
19
19
6
10
17
9
4
11
30
19
12
67
70
57
47
52
58
87
93
95
81
98
93
1 0 ,1 5 5
4, 474
1 ,5 5 9
11
13
24
22
8
21
12
19
10
54
60
45
87
92
100
2
_
3
13
6
2
4
3
8
4
2
_
1
4
-
100
100
98
100
100
_
2
-
5 0 -5 4
8 0 -8 4
9 0 -9 4
75-7 9
4 5 -4 9
S o u th
A tla n ta
_
............
B a l t i m o r e _________________________________
D a l l a s ______________ ______________________
..... ..... _
L o u i s v il le .
_
M e m p h is ___________________________________
M ia m i
. .
N ew O r l e a n s
__
.
N o rfo lk —P o r t s m o u t h a n d N e w p o rt
N e w s—H a m p to n
....................
R i c h m o n d _________________________________
W a s h i n g t o n _________________ ______ _______
_
( J)
4
_
4
5
1
_
_
_
7
9
4
6
9
9
22
9
12
6
2
_3
_3
13
_
_
1
-
90
98
99
92
100
95
100
10
2
(M
8
5
(2)
2 5 -2 9
61
100
87
39
(2 )
(2)
2 5 -2 9
(l )
5- 9
(*)
(12)
(l )
13
N o r th C e n t r a l
C h i c a g o -----------------------------------------------------C l e v e la n d _________________________________
D e t r o i t ____________________________________
M ilw a u k e e _________________________________
M in n e a p o lis —St. P a u l ____________________
St. L o u is -----------------------------------------------------
1
7
18
7
4
2
8
2
_
_
8
_
2
4
3
3
3
2
5
_
_
5
5
8
3
C )
-
100
100
100
100
100
97
_
_
_
_
99
97
100
1
3
3
65—6'9
8 5 -8 9
5 5 -5 9
4 5 -4 9
7 0 -7 4
8 5 -8 9
W e st
L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h a n d A n a h e im —
S a n ta A na—G a r d e n G r o v e _______________
San F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d
S e a ttle —E v e r e t t ___________________________
1 L e s s th a n 0 .5 p e r c e n t .
2 N one of th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s v i s i te d h a d la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s c o v e rin g a m a j o r i t y of t h e i r e m p lo y e d s e r v i c e w o r k e r s .
NOTE:
B e c a u s e of r o u n d in g ,
s u m s of in d iv id u a l ite m s m ay n o t e q u a l t o ta l s .
6 5 -6 9
9 0 -9 4
8 5 -8 9
T a b le 2 . A v e ra g e h o u rs and e a rn in g s
(A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly a n d w e e k ly e a r n in g s of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
A rea
N um ber
of
w o rk ers
W e ek ly h o u rs w o r k e d
—n u m b e r of w o r k e r s a t—
L e s s th a n
20
20 and
u n d e r 30
30 o r
m o re
A v e ra g e
w e e k ly
h o u rs
w o rk ed
H o u r ly r a t e s 1
A v erag e
(m e a n )
h o u r ly
e a r n i n g s 12
M e d ia n
F irs t
q u a r t i le
W e ek ly e a rn in g s '* 1
T h ir d
q u a rtile
A v e ra g e
(m e a n )
w e e k ly
e a rn in g s
M e d ia n
F irs t
q u a rtile
T h ird
q u a r t i le
1
N o rth e a s t
B o s t o n ------------------------------- ------------------------------------N e w a rk a n d J e r s e y C ity ---------------------------------------P h i l a d e l p h i a ------- ---------------------------------------------------P i t t s b u r g h --------------------------------------------------------------
5, 058
5 ,6 6 8
3 6 ,3 4 3
4, 360
1 ,8 6 8
1 ,7 6 4
1, 234
2, 871
759
463
2, 155
1, 302
5 ,5 9 3
868
580
1, 139
3, 132
2 7 ,8 7 9
2, 733
825
2 3 .0
30 .0
34.0
31 .0
2 7 .5
$ 2 .3 3
2.4 4
3.15
2.45
2.19
$2. 10
2.2 5
3.0 5
2.2 0
1.80
$ 2 .0 0
2.00
2.81
2.11
1.70
$2.35
2.50
3.27
2.71
2.25
$ 5 3 .5 0
7 3 .0 0
106.50
76.0 0
6 0 .5 0
$ 4 2 .0 0
6 7 .5 0
107.00
7 3 .0 0
4 5 .0 0
$ 3 5 .0 0
4 0 .0 0
8 4 .0 0
4 8 .0 0
32.00
$ 5 8 .0 0
100.00
130.50
101.50
7 6 .0 0
4, 254
3, 780
2, 537
794
948
1, 562
1, 784
1 ,4 3 6
1 ,5 3 0
782
274
392
383
805
1, 779
1, 237
1, 296
259
317
425
543
1 ,0 3 9
1 ,0 1 3
459
261
239
754
436
23.5
2 2 .5
23 .0
26 .0
2 3 .0
29 .5
2 2 .0
1.92
2.0 0
1.94
2.0 8
1.93
2.18
1.90
1.70
1.70
1.65
1.75
1.62
1.85
1.73
1.65
1.65
1.60
1.65
1.60
1.70
1.65
2.00
2.00
1.90
2 .00
1.80
2.37
1.89
4 5 .0 0
4 5 .5 0
4 5 .0 0
5 4 .5 0
4 4 .5 0
6 4 .5 0
4 2 .0 0
35.00
34.00
35.0 0
4 0 .0 0
35.0 0
5 1 .0 0
34.50
29.0 0
26.5 0
31.00
30.00
25.50
35.00
25.50
53.00
59.0 0
45.0 0
68.00
51.00
91.00
51.00
1, 125
1, 215
3, 364
136
946
2, 567
433
129
3, 580
506
140
2, 717
28 .5
19.0
25 .0
2.2 7
2.0 2
2 .1 Q
2 .1 2
1.75
2 .0 0
1.60
1.60
1.85
2.37
1.97
2.10
6 5 .0 0
38.0 0
5 2 .0 0
4 6 .5 0
28.5 0
4 0 .0 0
37.00
26.50
34.00
90.00
34.50
72.00
8, 265
2 ,9 5 9
4, 017
1, 521
2, 240
2, 978
1, 210
352
1, 042
437
748
795
1, 169
678
1, 192
459
844
1, 180
5, 886
1 ,9 2 9
1, 783
625
648
1, 003
33 .0
30 .5
2 7 .0
2 7 .5
23.5
25 .5
2.9 4
2 .6 2
2.6 6
2 .3 4
2.75
2.1 5
2.5 7
2 .4 3
2 .4 3
2 .0 0
2.5 5
2.0 0
2 .5 0
2.3 0
2.2 5
1.75
2.2 5
2 .0 0
3 .1 4
2.55
2 .6 4
2 .3 3
2.75
2.15
9 7 .5 0
80.5 0
7 2 .0 0
6 4 .0 0
6 4 .5 0
5 5 .0 0
101.50
7 5 .0 0
6 5 .5 0
50.0 0
5 3 .0 0
4 9 .5 0
63.00
57.50
41.00
34.00
36.00
37.50
125.50
97.00
91.0 0
80.00
90.50
70.00
10, 155
4, 474
1, 559
1, 738
701
360
2, 021
264
290
6, 396
3, 509
909
31.5
35 .0
2 9 .5
2.8 6
3 .6 3
3.15
2 .7 5
3.67
3.31
2 .5 0
3.25
2.91
2.92
3.70
3.31
89.5 0
127.50
9 2 .5 0
95.0 0
143.00
99.5 0
58.00
111.00
60.50
113.00
148.00
119.00
S outh
A t l a n t a _______________________ ____________________ B a l t i m o r e --------------------- ------- ---------------------------------D a l l a s ______________________________________________
L o u i s v i l l e ________________ __ _____ _______ - — M e m p h is ___________________________________________
M i a m i ____________________ ________ ________________
N ew O r l e a n s -----------------------------------------------------------N o r f o lk —P o r t s m o u t h a n d N e w p o rt
N e w s—H a m p to n ------------------ -- ---------------------------R i c h m o n d --------------------------------------------------------------W a s h i n g t o n ------------------------------------------------------------N o r th C e n t r a l
C h i c a g o ------------------------------------------------------------------C l e v e l a n d --------------------------------------------------------------D e t r o i t _____________________________________________
M ilw a u k e e --------------------------------------------------------------M in n e a p o lis —St. P a u l -------------------------------------------St. L o u i s ___________________________________________
W e st
L o s A n g e le s —L ong B e a c h a n d A n a h e im —
S a n ta A n a —G a r d e n G r o v e -----------------------------------S an F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d ---------------------------------------S e a ttle —E v e r e t t ------------------------------------------------------
1 D a ta r e l a t e to a c tu a l s t r a i g h t - t i m e e a r n i n g s ( h o u rly o r w e e k ly ) an d w e r e o b ta in e d by a r r a y i n g th e r a t e s of th e in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s a n d l o c a tin g th e p o in ts in th e a r r a y b e lo w w h ic h o n e - f o u r th ,
o n e - h a l f ( m e d ia n ) , a n d t h r e e - f o u r t h s of th e r a t e s w e r e fo u n d .
2 S t r a i g h t - t i m e a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s in f o r m a t io n e x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s a n d h o l id a y s , b u t in c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e s h if ts a n d h a z a r d o u s w o rk , if a n y .
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e o b ta in e d b y d iv id in g a g g r e g a te w e e k ly e a r n in g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s . A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s w e r e o b ta in e d b y d iv id in g th e a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n in g s by th e
t o ta l n u m b e r of w o r k e r s .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
T a b le 3 . H o u rly e a rn in g s d istrib u tio n : A ll w o rk e rs
( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s ta b l is h m e n t s by s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s , 1 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
N o rth e a s t
H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1
B o s to n
N e w a rk
and
Je rse y
C ity
N ew
Y o rk
U nder
$ 1.60
$ 1.65
$ 1.70
$ 1.60_____________
a n d u n d e r $ 1.65 __
a n d u n d e r $ 1.70__
a n d u n d e r $ 1.75 __
(12 )
1.2
(2 )
1.3
1.5
.1
1.1
-
$ 1.75
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1.85
$ 1.90
$ 1.95
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$
$
$
$
$
1.80__
1.85 __
1.90__
1.95__
2 .0 0 —
.8
.9
.2
4 .5
.4
1.0
2 .1
2.3
3 .4
1.4
_
0.1
.3
.1
(2 )
$
$
$
$
$
2 .0 0
2 .1 0
2 .2 0
2 .3 0
2 .4 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$
$
$
$
$
2 .1 0
2 .2 0
2 .3 0
2 .4 0
2 .5 0
—
—
—
—
—
3 6 .7
9 .0
16.7
5 .5
3 .3
19.5
11.5
16.1
4 .0
5 .4
$
$
$
$
$
2 .5 0
2 .6 0
2 .7 0
2 .8 0
2 .9 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$
$
$
$
$
2 .6 0
2 .7 0
2 .8 0
2 .9 0
3 .0 0
—
—
—
—
—
7.9
3 .6
1.4
.5
.2
$ 3 .0 0
$ 3 .1 0
$ 3 .2 0
$ 3 .3 0
$ 3 .4 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$
$
$
$
$
3 .1 0 3 .2 0 —
3 .3 0 —
3 .4 0 —
3 .5 0 —
$
$
$
$
$
and
and
and
and
and
u n d e r $ 3 .6 0 —
u n d e r $ 3 .7 0 —
u n d e r $ 3 .8 0 u n d e r $ 3 .9 0 —
u n d er $ 4 .0 0 „
S o u th
N o r th C e n t r a l
N o rfo lk —
P o rts
P h ila P i tt s
B a lti
L o u is M em
N ew m o u th a n d R ic h W a s h C h i
D a lla s
M ia m i
d e lp h ia b u rg h A tla n ta m o r e
p
h
is
N
e w p o rt m o n d in g to n c a g o
O
r
l
e
a
n
s
v ille
N ew s—
H a m p to n
C le v e D e
la n d t r o i t
-
13.0
7.0
10.1
0.9
23.5
7.7
21.1
4 .1
3 5 .7
11.2
4 9 .7
4 .8
15.4
2 1 .8
6.2
17.3
1.3
5 3 .2
8 .4
5 .4
19.2
1.7
7.8
17.9
2 3 .4
2 0 .0
2.1
26.5
.2
2.8
2 7 .0
4 .6
18.4
(2 )
.9
1.9
5 .8
0.2
.1
.4
_
1.1
2.0
.4
.7
1.6
8.8
.1
18.8
7.5
4 .3
6 .7
.4
8.2
6.0
3.1
3.5
.5
11.7
5.6
2.6
2 .6
.4
2.7
1.9
.4
.7
.6
13.4
6.5
3 .5
3.3
.5
4 .6
4 .0
.7
1.3
.7
15.7
4 .0
2.3
1.3
1.0
7.3
4 .1
2.3
1.0
1.1
2.7
2.4
1.8
2.3
.4
3 .7
3.3
10.8
4 .2
3.3
7.2
8 .8
8.5
8.9
7.7
1.1
.3
.2
.5
.1
_
.9
4 .0
1.3
3.7
2.0
1.9
6.9
11.1
27.6
1.5
1.9
5.6
1.2
1.0
1.2
.7
11.6
3.0
2.5
1.5
1.3
6 .9
1.4
2 .2
6 .7
3 .0
8.8
.8
2.5
.2
.2
7.7
1.8
1.3
.4
1.4
5.6
1.2
1.2
1.5
.7
15.7
1.9
3.3
1.3
1.0
9 .2
2.0
1.2
2.0
1.0
4 .4
23 .2
4 .1
6 .0
3 .7
13.4
.8
.9
.6
.7
21.9
7.5
4 .8
2 .4
2 .4
5.9
3 .7
7.3
1.8
1.6
11.9
4 .8
3 .5
1.6
.8
1.7
1.1
2 .0
28 .7
1.4
7.0
2.9
5 .0
.8
.4
3.4
1.1
2.1
6.4
.2
1.5
1.3
.1
.8
.3
1.6
.4
1.3
.2
.2
1.9
1.0
3 .4
.8
.1
4 .4
.8
.9
.9
.3
.5
1.4
1.1
.9
.6
7.0
1.1
2.8
1.4
2.2
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.8
.7
6 .8
2.1
.1
.5
.3
1.5
1.4
.4
1.5
.7
4 .9
.8
.8
.6
.1
.6
.4
.3
.2
1.5
.8
.3
.2
.2
4 .0
15.3
15.2
2.4
3.3
9 .7
1.1
1.0
.8
.1
2.8
2.6
.5
_
1.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
(2 )
.3
.7
-
1.4
.1
1.2
_
.9
.9
3 .4
.8
.1
1.5
.1
.6
.2
.6
2 .8
.9
.8
.4
.6
.4
.1
.3
.2
.2
.5
.2
_
.1
1.2
.4
_
.3
.2
.1
_
3 .0
.3
(2 )
.1
.9
.3
.3
.1
.3
1.0
.3
.5
.4
.4
.9
.5
.6
1.4
.6
.5
.2
.6
_
.3
(2 )
(2 )
_
1.3
.1
.2
.4
.3
_
.1
.1
_
1.1
-
.1
.1
.1
.
(2 )
.1
.1
.3
.1
-
$ 4 .0 0 a n d o v e r _________
.9
3 .3
9.2
2.2
.6
(2 )
1.5
_
2.4
1.3
T o t a l ---------------------
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s ____
5, 058
5 ,6 6 8
3 6 ,3 4 3
4 , 360
1 ,8 6 8 4 , 254
3, 780
2, 537
794
948 1 ,5 6 2
1, 784
1, 125
L, 215
A v e r a g e h o u r ly
e a r n i n g s 1______________
$ 2 .3 3
$ 2 .4 4
$ 3 .1 5
$ 2 .4 5
$ 2 .1 9 $ 1 .92
$ 2 .0 0
$ 1 .9 4 $ 2 .0 8
$ 1 .9 3 $ 2 .1 8
$ 1 .9 0
$ 2 .2 7
$ 2 .0 2
3 .5 0
3 .6 0
3 .7 0
3 .8 0
3 .9 0
1 S tra ig h t-tim e a v e ra g e e a rn in g s
2 L e s s t h a n 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t .
NOTE:
B e c a u s e of r o u n d in g ,
-
4 .5
-
in f o r m a tio n e x c lu d e s
(2 )
(2 )
-
-
_
.9
.1
_
.1
-
.3
.1
.3
.3
.1
.8
(2 )
1.9
1.5
-
_
_
100.0 100.0
p re m iu m pay
fo r o v e rtim e an d
s u m s of in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l 100.
-
-
1.3
.6
.1
W e st
L o s A n g e le s M in n e
San
L ong B e a c h
M il a p o lis — St.
F r a n - S e a ttle —
a n d A naheim rSt.
w aukee
L o u is
c is c o — E v e r e t t
S
a
n
ta
A
n
a
Paul
O a k la n d
G a r d e n G ro v e
0.2
.7
(2 )
.1
0.3
7.6
2.5
6.2
_
_
0.7
2.9
.2
.1
(*)
.9
.1
-
-
.4
.1
3.4
.7
.9
9 .7
6 .8
5.5
5.9
3.9
0.1
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.7
1.2
.8
_
.4
(2 )
2.4
.5
1.2
(2 )
.6
0.6
.1
_
.1
.2
_
_
_
-
2 .7
.1
3.5
33 .9
12.8
11.3
3 .7
7.0
1.9
3 4.6
18.2
2.5
4 .9
1.7
1.9
14.6
4.3
6.3
7.6
6.9
6 4.6
12.6
4 .2
1.8
.6
3.4
3.0
3.3
2.2
5.5
.3
.4
1.5
.6
-
0.5
1.7
1.3
1.3
27.5
1.8
6 .7
1.6
.5
25 .9
1.5
6.3
.4
.1
6.7
3.9
8.6
1.3
.5
1.6
.3
.7
.9
1.0
12.5
9.1
9 .4
2.2
1.1
2.2
.6
1.0
.1
.4
4 .0
12.2
13.5
20.9
6.4
.6
.1
1.4
.7
2.6
1.7
1.5
1.9
12.4
14.4
1.2
.9
.3
.1
.3
2.3
18.7
2.5
.4
.4
.6
.1
.2
_
.4
3.9
.4
.6
.4
.5
1.1
_
2 .0
.1
6.6
4 .0
1.3
7.7
1.2
.9
.6
.9
.3
.2
.2
4 .2
2.3
1.1
.8
1.2
3.7
8.1
11.0
1.7
10.6
2.4
.3
.6
51.9
.3
.3
.1
.2
(2 )
(2 )
3 .7
.3
.4
.2
(2 )
_
_
(2 )
(2 )
.4
.8
1.3
.3
_
.2
2.7
.5
1.4
.7
.1
1.1
.3
1.4
.9
.1
(2 )
.2
1.7
.1
2.1
.9
1.7
.5
.5
2.1
4 .0
34.5
.7
1.1
2.2
.3
1.0
.6
.3
.6
9 .7
7.1
5 .4
2.8
2.2
1.2
4 .7
13.3
3.2
100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
8, 864 8, 265
2 ,9 5 9
4 , 017 1 ,5 2 1
2, 240
2, 978
10, 155
4 ,4 7 4
1 ,5 5 9
$ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .9 4
$ 2 .6 2
$ 2 .6 6 $ 2 .3 4
$ 2 .7 5
$ 2 .1 5
$2.86
$3.6 3
$3.15
_
-
f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t i n c lu d e s
p re m iu m pay
_
_
f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o rk ; if a ny.
T a b le 4 . H o u rly e a rn in g s d is trib u tio n : M en
( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n of m e n s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s ta b l is h m e n t s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s , 1 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
S outh
N o rth e a s t
H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1
N e w a rk
and
B o s to n
Je rse y
C ity
N ew
Y o rk
N o r th C e n t r a l
N o rfo lk —
P o r ts
B a l ti
L o u is M e m
N ew m o u th a n d
P h ila P i tt s
A tla n ta
D a lla s
M ia m i
m o re
v ille
p h is
d e lp h ia b u rg h
O r l e a n s N e w p o rt
N ew s—
H a m p to n
R i c h W a s h C h i
m o n d in g to n c a g o
W e st
L os A n g e le sM in n e
San
Long B each
C le v e D e
M il a p o lis — St.
F r a n S e a ttle —
a n d A n a h e im —
la n d t r o i t w a u k e e
St.
L o u is
c is c o — E v e r e t t
S a n ta A n a Paul
O a k la n d
G a r d e n G ro v e
U n d e r $ 1 .6 0 _______________
$ 1 .6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 .6 5 ___
$ 1 .6 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 .7 0 ____
$ 1 .7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 .7 5 ____
1.0
_
.3
1.0
(2 )
.2
_
_
0 .4
-
9 .4
5.6
8.2
1.3
15.4
6 .0
16.6
4.7
36.0
10.5
42.2
3.9
13.5
15.7
5.5
14.6
0.8
4 2 .7
8 .4
6 .0
15.5
.8
6 .3
2 0 .4
19.0
18.9
0.5
20 .9
2.7
19.9
4.1
17.3
0.8
2.7
4 .4
0.1
( 2)
-
0.1
-
0.3
8.0
2.2
5.8
-
1.2
3.0
.3
.1
(2)
.3
.1
-
-
$1.7 5
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1 .9 0
$ 1 .9 5
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 1 .8 0 ____
$ 1 .8 5 ____
$ 1 .9 0 ____
$ 1 .9 5 ____
$ 2 .0 0 ____
.8
1.0
.2
3.9
.5
1.0
.8
1.9
2.7
1.0
_
0.1
.2
.1
(2 )
.6
.6
1.5
.5
14.3
1.4
6 .3
8.8
.3
8.8
7.2
3.8
4.9
.7
10.8
6 .3
3.0
2.5
.5
2 .4
2 .4
.6
1.1
.9
15.6
6 .2
3.7
3.4
.6
4.5
4.7
1.0
1.5
1.1
17.4
3.5
2.5
1.4
.8
8.9
5.0
2 .4
.9
1.2
2.7
2.7
1.2
1.5
.4
3.8
2.9
12.7
5 .3
4 .0
5.6
6.5
7.5
7.3
3.4
1.3
.2
.3
.5
(2)
1.7
"
.2
.1
.4
.8
1.1
8 .4
5.3
5 .0
3.5
1.9
0.1
1.1
.9
1.1
2.0
1.2
.6
.6
.1
2.5
.4
1.4
(2)
.5
0.6
.1
.1
.2
-
$ 2 .0 0
$ 2 .1 0
$ 2 .2 0
$ 2 .3 0
$ 2 .4 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 2 .1 0 ____
$ 2 .2 0 -----$ 2 .3 0 -----$ 2 .4 0 -----$ 2 .5 0 ____
33.1
8 .9
16.8
6 .4
3.9
17.0
10.6
15.4
4 .8
6 .4
4.1
1.2
4 .9
2.7
2.2
6 .2
2.3
37.5
1.6
1.1
7.1
1.2
1.1
.9
1.1
15.3
3.4
3.8
2.3
1.9
7.1
1.7
1.2
6.6
2.6
11.0
.8
3.0
.2
.3
9 .2
2 .3
1.6
.5
1.8
7 .9
1.3
1.6
2 .3
1.1
18.2
1.1
3.1
1.0
1.3
7 .4
1.9
1.0
2.6
1.2
4 .0
2 6 .4
4 .8
7.1
4 .4
15.6
1.0
1.1
.7
.8
2 8 .2
8 .4
6.1
2.7
2.1
6.5
4 .2
8.1
2.1
1.9
3.5
1.7
4 .3
7.1
12.5
4.7
8.8
1.4
2 0.3
18.1
3.1
5.6
2.2
1.6
12.8
4 .6
6.6
8.0
3.2
5 2.5
15.5
6 .2
2.5
1.0
3.2
3.1
2 .9
2.3
4 .4
.3
.5
1.3
.4
-
.
-
$ 2 .5 0
$ 2 .6 0
$ 2 .7 0
$ 2 .8 0
$ 2 .9 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 2 .6 0 ____
$ 2 .7 0 ____
$ 2 .8 0 -----$ 2 .9 0 ____
$ 3 .0 0 ------
9 .2
4 .3
1.7
.6
.2
13.4
5 .0
4 .5
2.1
1.1
2.1
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.8
9.5
3.8
6 .8
1.1
.4
5.1
1.8
2.8
9.8
.3
2.3
2.0
.1
1.2
.5
1.7
.2
1.4
.2
.2
3.1
1.6
5 .4
1.3
.2
5.7
1.0
1.0
1.1
.3
.8
2.1
1.6
1.5
1.0
6 .8
1.4
3.3
1.8
2 .9
1.7
1.4
1.2
2 .3
.9
8.1
2.5
.1
.6
.3
1.9
1.8
.5
1.9
.9
5.5
.8
1.1
4 6 .2
3.1
12.8
.6
.1
8 .5
4.1
11.9
1.8
.8
2.0
.3
9 .9
.1
6 .0
1.7
9.9
2 .4
.8
1.2
1.3
10.6
10.8
2.6
1.3
3.5
1.0
1.5
.1
.6
3.8
4.7
15.4
2 3 .4
7.7
.6
.1
1.4
.6
2.7
0.1
2.0
15.6
$ 3 .0 0
$ 3 .1 0
$ 3 .2 0
$ 3 .3 0
$ 3 .4 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 3 .1 0 -----$ 3 .2 0 -----$ 3 .3 0 -----$ 3 .4 0 -----$ 3 .5 0 ------
.7
.5
.3
.2
2.0
1.2
.4
.3
.2
5 .9
22.7
2 2 .7
3.0
4 .9
13.3
1.6
1.4
1.2
.1
4 .4
4.1
.8
2.4
.5
.5
.4
.1
.1
.4
1.0
(2)
2 .2
.2
1.9
-
1.1
1.1
4 .4
1.0
.2
2.3
.2
.8
.3
1.0
3.3
.9
1.1
.6
.6
.6
.1
.4
.1
.2
.6
.2
.1
1.5
.5
.4
.3
.1
1.8
1.3
.5
.2
.5
3 .4
2 8 .4
3.7
.6
.6
1.3
.3
.4
.8
6.2
.7
1.4
2.5
.2
8.5
4.7
1.5
8.9
1.4
1.1
1.0
1.4
.5
.3
.3
5.1
2.5
1.3
1.0
1.4
3.7
8.4
10.8
1.7
11.0
3.4
.4
.9
6 5.0
.4
$ 3 .5 0
$ 3 .6 0
$ 3 .7 0
$ 3 .8 0
$ 3 .9 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 3 .6 0 -----$ 3 .7 0 -----$ 3 .8 0 -----$ 3 .9 0 -----$ 4 .0 0 ------
_
3.6
.3
(2 )
.1
1.2
.4
.4
.1
.4
1.4
.4
.6
.5
.5
1.3
.7
.9
1.9
.9
.8
.3
.9
-
.2
.1
.1
.1
.3
(2)
( 2)
_
-
.5
.5
.5
.2
1.8
.1
.3
.3
.3
_
.1
.1
-
1.3
1.6
.7
.1
_
.1
.4
.1
-
.4
.1
.3
(*)
(2)
1.3
.4
.7
.3
(2)
_
.1
.1
.8
1.4
2.1
.5
.4
3.5
.6
1.8
-
_
1.5
.2
.1
1.3
.3
1.7
1.1
-
.1
.4
2.7
.1
2.5
1.1
2.1
.5
.6
2.2
2.1
35.4
.7
1.2
3.5
.5
1.6
1.0
.5
$ 4 .0 0 a n d o v e r ____________
1.1
4 .4
13.8
2.9
.9
.5
1.0
.3
2 .4
2.1
1.6
_
2 .8
1.7
.9
14.7
15.1
8.7
3.6
2.5
2.1
5.6
14.0
5.1
T o t a l _________________
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4, 194
4 , 074 2 4 ,2 0 0
3, 137
1, 188
2, 738
2, 894 1,5 9 7
617
620 1, 196
1, 389
953
959 5, 805 5, 436
1, 387
2, 483
1, 181
1, 930
1, 882
8, 277
4, 227
983
$ 2 .3 9
$ 2 .5 2
$ 2 .6 3
$ 2 .3 9
$ 2 .0 2
$ 2 .0 2
$ 2 .1 6
$ 2 .0 6 $ 2 .2 5
$ 1 .9 3
$2 .3 5
$ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .1 6 $ 3 .1 2
$ 2 .9 5
$ 2 .9 0
$2.4 6
$2.81
$ 2 .2 2
$ 2 .9 3
$3.6 4
$3.31
N um ber
w o rk ers
A v e r a g e h o u r ly
w a rn in g s 1
- ........
1 S tra ig h t- tim e a v e ra g e e a rn in g s
L e s s th a n 0 .05 p e r c e n t .
$3 .3 1
i n f o r m a t io n e x c lu d e s p r e m i u m
$2.06
p ay fo r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s a n d
z
NOTE:
B e c a u s e of r o u n d in g ,
s u m s of i n d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l 100.
.9
.9
.7
.9
h o l id a y s , b u t i n c lu d e s p r e m i u m
.9
.9
.2
pay fo r
la te -s h ift and
h a z a r d o u s w o rk ,
if a n y .
T a b le 5 . H o u rly e a rn in g s d is trib u tio n : W o m e n
( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n of w o m e n s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s ta b l is h m e n t s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s , 1 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
N o rth e a s t
H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1
U n d e r $ 1 .6 0 ______________
$ 1 .6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 .6 5 ____
$1.6 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 .7 0
$ 1 .7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 .7 5 ____
N e w a rk
and
B o s to n
Je rse y
C ity
0.1
2 .Q
.1
6 .1
3.5
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 1 .8 0 ____
$ 1 .8 5 ____
$ 1 .9 0 ____
$ 1 .9 5 ____
$ 2 .0 0 ____
$2 . 0 0
$2 . 1 0
$ 2 .2 0
$ 2 .3 0
$ 2 .4 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$2 . 1 0
$ 2 . 2 0 ____
$ 2 .3 0 ____
$ 2 .4 0 ___
$ 2 .5 0
5 4 .1
9 .4
1 6 .6
.9
.1
2.0
2.8
$ 2 .5 0
$ 2 .6 0
$ 2 .7 0
$ 2 .8 0
$ 2 .9 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 2 .6 0
$ 2 .7 0 ____
$ 2 .8 0 ____
$ 2 .9 0 ____
$ 3 .0 0 ____
1.3
8. 1
.2
4 .1
.9
$ 3 .0 0
$ 3 .1 0
$ 3 .2 0
$ 3 .3 0
$ 3 .4 0
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 3 .1 0 ____
$ 3 .2 0 ____
$ 3 .3 0 ____
$ 3 .4 0 ____
$ 3 .5 0 ____
_
-
$ 3 .5 0
$ 3 .6 0
$ 3 .7 0
$ 3 .8 0
and
and
and
and
u n d e r $ 3 .6 0 ____
u n d e r $ 3 .7 0 ____
u n d e r $ 3 .8 0 ____
o v e r ___________
T o t a l ___ ____
7 .3
-
-
_
-
____
100.0
N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ______
864
A v e r a g e h o u r ly
e a r n i n g s 1_______________
$ 2 .0 4
1.2
5 .4
3 .3
5.1
2 .5
2 5 .8
13.7
18.1
B e c a u s e of r o u n d in g ,
N ew
Y o rk
_
0.3
.1
( 12)
3.6
1. 6
19.1
9.6
13.2
38.1
10.91
29.1
2 .3
3 4 .7
13.4
62.6
_
.7
2 6 .6
18.2
•7
3.1
.7
7.1
3.8
1.9
14.7
3.5
3.2
1.0
-
1.0
.1
2 .7
.2
3.1
1.3
.9
4.9
2.4
.3
6.0
1 .6
.1
.1
2.0
30.0
.5
8 .9
33 .6
.2
.3
5 .3
7.2
4 .3
6.5
18.6
1.1
4 2 .9
8.5
2 6 .6
7 2 .9
8.5
4 .3
11 .0
5 .6
7.9
31 .4
4 .6
12.8
4 .9 10.1
2 .7
5 .7
.3
1.6
1.1
.9
- . 1. 6
2.8
2.8
-
-
5 .0
.9
2 .3
-
1.2
_
-
-
_
-
_
.3
-
.8
.8
-
-
.8
.
.4
_
-
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 ,5 9 4 1 2 ,1 4 3
1 ,2 2 3
680
$ 2 .1 6
$ 1 .99
$ 1 .79
$ 2 .77
i n f o r m a tio n
e x c lu d e s
1.5
.9
.1
1.1
.1
.1
1 .6
.3
.1
.6
.8
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
•3
.3
1.9
10 0 .0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0
1 ,5 1 6
_
-
3.9
.9
_
-
-
_
-
100.0
4 .7
2 .9
5 .9
_
•2
.3 _____( ! L
1 0 .0
-
.1
.1
5.1
-
_
_
-
.1
.1
_
.3
-
.2
15.9
-
-
( 2)
.8
100.0
940
177
$1.71 $1 .9 5 $ 1 .6 8
$ 1 .70
886
p re m iu m
pay
fo r
s u m s of in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not e q u a l 100.
.8
_
-
.5
-
.1
.5
.6
5.2
7.0
-
_
.3
.3
-
.1
13.0
10.3
12.1
1.0
1.8
1.3
-
.3
-
( 2)
10 .2
_
-
-
1.1
3.5
4 .7
3.5
-
.3
.3
.3
-
1.0
.4
.4
2 .3
7.7
-
.4
-
"
1.5
_
-
.4
.5
.5
.3
.2
8.5
.3
.9
.3
-
1.0
1.1
.2
.1
2 2 .3
7.0
5.2
-
-
-
6.6
2 .9
15.7
2 .3
3.8
.1
1.2
0.1
1.1
.6
7.4
4 .4
3.8
2.5
-
2 .1
1.1
3.1
8 2 .9
.5
5 7 .6
53.5
100.0 100.0
2.0
5 .9
2 .5
1.9
3.0
.1
-
0 .4
-
.2
1.2
2.0
.7
.5
2 .2
1.1
1.0
6 8 .9
2.0
.6
.2
-
_
_
_
_
.2
-
-
.1
_
.
_
-
8.5
_
_
C le v e - D e
la n d
tro it
W e st
L o s A n g e le sM in n e San
L ong B e a c h
M il a p o l i s S t.
F r a n S e a ttle —
a
n d A n a h e im —
w aukee
S t.
L o u is
c is c o — E v e r e t t
S a n ta A n a Paul
O a k la n d
G a r d e n G ro v e
0.7
9.1
39 .0
24.1
2.1
14.8
-
1.3
.7
1.3
1 S tra ig h t- tim e a v e ra g e e a rn in g s
2 L e s s t h a n 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t .
NOTE:
N o r th C e n t r a l
N o r f o lk —
P o r ts P h ila P i t t s
B a lti L o u is - M e m
N
ew
m
o u th a n d R i c h W a s h C h i
A tla n ta
D a lla s
M ia m i
d e lp h ia b u r g h
m o re
p h is
v ille
O r le a n s N e w p o rt m o n d in g to n c a g o
N ew s—
H a m p to n
0.1
2.6
.1
$1.7 5
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1 .9 0
$ 1 .9 5
.8
.8
.2
S o u th
.1
.1
.1
1.7
-
-
2 .0
6.2
.3
3.5
7.6
.8
.1
8.2
14.4
_
-
-
1.2
1.1
1.9
1.1
_
_
_
_
-
.1
1.0
_
_
11.8
0 .6
7.4
14.4
1.9
.6
10.6
2.0
9.3
.3
5.2
60.1
17.9
2 5.5
2 .3
4 .8
5.2
30.0
8 5.3
7.8
4.2
2 .7
5 7 .7
18.5
.3
2 .4
_
2 .9
2 8 .4
_
.1
2 .0
-
.1
_
_
_
-
_
.1
.
7 .9
.6
.2
_
_
3.8
3.5
3.3
.5
.6
-
-
.8
.7
-
.5
4.1
2.3
4.7
1.7
10. 0
_
-
.1
-
4.7
4 5.4
4.8
9.5
.7
_
_
.
_
1.0
.1
_
.4
.6
_
_
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
_
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
.1
3.8
-
.5
_
_
_
( 2)
2 .7
-
_
_
_
.5
_
-
_
_
5.3
5.3
-
_
_
1.2
1.6
1.6
_
1.4
4.5
3.5
3.5
4.7
4.2
5.0
30.0
12.3
4.0
2.4
14.6
2 .4
4.0
29.5
t .2
_
_
.1
.1
.1
.4
37.2
17.8
-
1.5
2 .0
.9
.2
.2
-
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 . 0
10 0. 0
1 00 .0
1 0 0 .0
366
395
172
256
3 ,0 5 9 2 ,8 2 9
1 ,5 72
1 ,5 3 4
340
310 1 ,0 9 6
1 ,8 7 8
247
576
$ 1.66 $ 1.86
$ 1 .77
$1.73
$ 1 .6 8
$ 1 .9 9 $ 2 .60
$2.32
$2.4 8
$ 1 .8 8
$2.3 4 $ 2 . 0 1
$2.54
$3.34
$2.89
328
o v e rtim e
a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t i n c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o rk , if a n y .
T a b le 6 . W e e k ly e a rn in g s and h ou rs d is trib u tio n : A ll w o rk e rs
( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s ta b l is h m e n t s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s 1 a n d h o u r s w o r k e d , 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
W e e k ly e a r n i n g s a n d
w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d
B o s to n
N e w a rk
and
J e r s'ey
C ity
N ew
Y o rk
N o r th C e n t r a l
S o u th
N o rth e a s t
N o rfo lk —
P o r ts N ew m o u th a n d R i c h W a s h C h i C l e v e - D e
L o u is - M e m
B a lti
P h i la - P i tt s M ia m i
D a lla s
A tla n ta
la n d t r o i t
p h is
O r l e a n s N e w p o rt m o n d in g to n c a g o
m o re
v ille
d e lp h ia b u r g h
N e w s—
H a m p to n
W est
L os A n g e le sS an
M in n e Long B each
F r a n S e a ttle —
M il a p o lis — S t.
a n d A n a h e im rS t.
w aukee
L o u is
c is c o — E v e r e t t
S a n ta A na_
Paul
G a r d e n G ro v e O a k la n d
W e e k ly e a r n i n g s
U n d e r $ 1 0 _______________
$1 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 0 _______
$20 a n d u n d e r $30_______
$30 a n d u n d e r $40----------$40 a n d u n d e r $50_______
1.4
4 .1
9 .6
16.9
2 9 .8
1.2
2 .5
6.5
14.2
10.5
1.5
2 .9
4 .4
$60_______
$70_______
$80----------$90_______
$ 1 0 0 _____
13.3
5.1
3 .3
2 .5
3.1
8 .3
7 .6
4 .4
8 .3
10.7
3.7
3.2
5 .8
14.7
$ 1 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 1 0 ____
$ 1 1 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 2 0 ____
2.8
1.2
6 .4
$120 a n d u n d e r $130------$130 a n d u n d e r $140____
$140 a n d u n d e r $150 ____
1.3
.5
3.3
12.3
3 .8
2 .3
$50
$60
$70
$80
$90
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
8.0
2 .1
2.2
1. 6
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.8
2.0
.8
.6
1.0
1.3
1.9
3.3
1.3
3.0
4 .2
3.1
2 .7
6.7
1.6
6 .6
1.5
2 .1
1.2
3 .9
1.5
2 .3
3.1
.9
1.3
.4
.1
-
1.1
.2
( 2)
.1
.1
.7
1.0
2 .7
T o t a l . .... .......................
100.0
100.0
1 0 0 .0
■ A v e ra g e w e e k ly
e a r n i n g s 1----------------------
$ 5 3 .5 0
$ 7 3 .0 0 $ 1 0 6 .5 0
4 .4
4 .6
2 .7
5 .4
5 .9
3.4
1.6
1.9
$ 2 0 0 a n d o v e r ___________
1 2 .0
15.3
16.5
6.7
10.5
18.3
2 5 .1
13.6
8.1
1.3
.4
.3
.3
-
.4
2 8 .2
1.3
5.2
11.1
4.1
9.7
5.2
2.2
.6
.2
1 0 .0
21.1
5 .9
4 .2
2 .4
2.2
.7
3.4
5 .5
16.9
2 5 .2
13.1
5.0
3.5
.9
1.5
1. 0
.1
2.6
3.9
3.6
3.9
5 .0
.5
2.0
1.6
4 .7
16.9
41.1
14.1
4 .3
3.9
3.8
4 .9
2.5
1.4
.4
( 2)
.7
6.8
12.1
2 .3
3.4
3.2
17.7
35.5
12.3
3.9
9.8
19.8
2 9 .7
8.3
15.8
( 2)
.3
( 2)
under
under
under
under
under
8.7
6.4
8 .4
3.7
1.6
6.6
1 .6
2.0
1.4
3.1
1.4
1.7
.9
and
and
and
and
and
7 .4
12.5
7.6
12.7
4 .6
1.1
7.9
11.4
18.4
15.1
6 .7
6 .9
6.4
3.5
$160 ------$170 ------$180 ____
$190 ____
$ 2 0 0 ____
$150
$160
$170
$180
$190
1.5
3.8
3 .7
8 .3
9.8
0 .2
1.1
6 .8
6.1
2.0
.2
0 .5
10.8
1.5
7.8
53 .2
19.1
2 8 .0
6. 1
2.2
13.9
6 .6
.6
1. 6
5 .7
4 .9
5 .0
6.9
1.4
.9
.7
4 .5
1.3
1.0
2.8
1.6
2 .0
•9
.7
2.0
.4
.1
.6
.4
.1
.8
.8
.1
-
.4
.9
.5
.3
-
.3
-
.2
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.1
.2
1 0 0 .0
100.0
1 0 0. 0
100.0
-
.5
.3
.2
.5
-
.5
.1
.2
10 0 .0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
$ 7 6 .0 0 $60.50 $45.00 $ 4 5.50 $45.00 $5 4 .5 0 $ 4 4 .5 0 $ 6 4 .5 0
$ 4 2 .0 0
.1
-
6.2
4 .6
3.4
10.4
.8
.1
.6
3.7
5 .4
1. 6
1.3
.4
1.6
.2
5 .8
4 .2
0 .9
2.8
2 .4
3.5
3.1
7.4
10.5
.1
.1
.4
-
,2 .7
5.1
9.5
2 9 .0
17.4
6. 2
0 .7
2 .5
3.0
3.5
7.4
11.6
8 .9
J 6 .8
14 .6
11.9
15.3
14.5
7.9
11.5
15.9
2 .9
4 .2
6.7
12.4
2 4 .0
2.5
4 .4
5 .0
6.4
0.4
1.5
2 .7
2.7
5.6
1 0. 8
20.2
15.8
8.2
2.3
7.0
6.5
4 .7
3.9
3.1
4 .1
1.4
8 .2
6.4
7.2
2 .2
2 .0
2 .0
1.6
.8
2.0
1.6
2 .8
3 .6
5 .8
1 2. 0
11 .8
13.0
8.5
12.4
7.3
8.6
9.7
4.5
2.0
8 .2
2.1
4 .7
4 .6
1.8
3.2
.9
.8
2 .7
2 .3
4 .5
2.1
6 .0
.8
.6
3.2
2 .3
2 .9
8. 2
.5
4 .1
.3
2 .2
2 .2
.4
1.5
.7
.4
.4
1.3
.7
2 .1
2.6
.6
.3
.3
1.2
.6
11.5
5 .5
1 8 .6
12 .6
1.7
.2
2 .2
31.4
1.8
.8
1.4
.5
1.3
.5
3.8
3.0
2 .0
.1
.6
.2
1.2
.6
2.2
.5
.3
( 2)
.6
.8
.7
.1
3.8
1.8
1.4
.7
( 2)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.7
0 .8
3.2
2.6
5.0
5.8
7.3
5.6
5.2
4 .9
12. 8
11.2
11.9
6.4
10.3
2.3
2 .0
.3
1.7
.5
5 .6
3.1
.2
1.5
3.1
100.0
100.0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
$ 6 5 .0 0 $ 3 8 .0 0 $ 5 2 .0 0 $ 9 7 .5 0 $ 8 0 .5 0 $ 7 2 .0 0 $ 64.00 $64 .5 0 $55.00
$89 .5 0
$127.50
$92.50
13.6
9.5
11.5
7.1
13.8
16.0
2 6.4
1.5
.1
.7
.6
1.4
3.7
7.2
.4
.2
.1
.1
.1
1.7
6 .0
7.6
14.3
16.0
4 .8
2 .7
.3
3 .6
.4
.3
.4
.7
.4
4 .6
9.6
3.9
0.6
.6
-
W e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d
U nder
15 a n d
20 a n d
25 a n d
30 a n d
35 a n d
40 a n d
45 a n d
15 h o u r s ...................
u n d e r 20 h o u r s . . .
u n d e r 25 h o u r s . . .
u n d e r 30 h o u r s . . .
u n d e r 35 h o u r s . . .
u n d e r 40 h o u r s . . .
u n d e r 45 h o u r s ---u n d e r 50 h o u r s . . .
50 h o u r s a n d o v e r ----------T o t a l ______________
16.0
18 .9
3 1 .7
10 .9
4 .7
2 .9
10 .9
2 .4
1.7
100.0
9.0
12.7
15.8
7.2
3 .9
4 .0
9.7
7.7
8.0
1 2 .0
7.4
10 .1
21.1
1 1 .0
7 .9
11 .9
5 .8
4 0 .1
32.2
3 .9
34.1
3 .9
3.2
39.5
2 .9
2 .3
100.0
100.0
3 0 .0
34 .0
1.7
12.9
11.9
18.9
12.2
11.9
6. 0
19.8
3.7
2.8
100.0
1 0 0 .0
31 .0
27 .5
11.8
12.3
19.0
39.3
11.7
3.4
2.3
10.4
2 3 .3
9.3
6.7
5.0
14.4
1.0
1.0
.6
14.7
19.0
34.5
7.3
4.1
3.1
15.3
.9
17.8
2 2 .7
2 7 .8
4 .9
6.5
7.8
4 .8
11.7
34 .0
4 .5
5.2
18.1
5 9 .8
7.2
3.5
2 .3
1.6
.2
1.1
34 .8
2 .4
5.1
100.0
6.5
.7
13.9
15.0
3 4 .9
5.5
4 .7
4 .3
17.1
3.2
5 .8
9.8
4 .3
12.5
7.4
4 2 .9
4 .0
1.1
1.1
1.7
1.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
28 .5
19.0
15.0
9.5
19.1
2 3 .9
8. 1
10.5
5.0
3.1
14.1
2.6
2 2 .9
18.5
2 4 .6
8 .9
5.1
3.0
13.2
1.3
1.0
4.2
2 .7
1 0 0 .0
100.0
1 00 .0
100.0
100.0
23 .5
22 .5
23.0
2 6 .0
2 3 .0
2 9 .5
22.0
4 ,2 5 4 3, 780 2 ,5 3 7
794
948 1 ,5 6 2
1 ,7 8 4
1 0. 8
1.2
2 2 .2
4 .9
4.2
31.0
3.1
2 1 .2
20.0
8.8
7.6
4 .3
11.3
11.7
2 8 .6
14.3
11.6
16.0
14.5
14.1
18.5
20.8
12 .6
14.5
10.3
12.1
12 .2
2 9 .8
7 .9
4.2
1.9
6 .8
10.1
3.5
4.1
20.8
.8
2 6 .0
1 3 .1
9.3
4 .7
15.8
2 .3
9.8
9.1
12.5
3 7.9
2.8
2.4
3.3
67.0
2 .9
1.6
.7
2 .9
.6
100.0
1 0 0 .0
10 0. 0
23 .5
13.7
11.4
9.6
2 1.5
1.8
1.0
6.7
7.4
2 0 .9
4 .7
4 .4
1.3
.9
1.5
1.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2 5 .0
33 .0
30.5
2 7 .0
27.5
2 3.5
2 5.5
31.5
35.0
2 9.5
1, 125 1 ,2 1 5 8 ,8 6 4 8 ,2 6 5 2 ,9 5 9
4 ,0 1 7
1 ,5 2 1
2 ,2 4 0 2 , 978
1 0 ,1 5 5
4 ,4 7 4
1 ,5 5 9
10 .0
11.6
1.8
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s
__
2 3 .0
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s --------
5 ,0 5 8
5 ,6 6 8 3 6 , 343
1 S tra ig h t- tim e a v e ra g e e a rn in g s
2 L e s s th a n 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t .
NOTE:
4 , 360 1 , 8 6 8
in f o r m a t io n
e x c lu d e s
p re m iu m pay
B e c a u s e of r o u n d in g , s u m s of in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l 100.
fo r
o v e rtim e
and
f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y .
W eek ly e a r n i n g s w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l la r a n d h o u r s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r .
T a b le 7 . W e e k ly e a rn in g s and hours distribution: M e n
( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n of m e n s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s ta b l is h m e n t s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s 1 a n d h o u r s w o r k e d , 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
N o r th e a s t
W e e k ly e a r n i n g s a n d
w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d
B os
to n
N e w a rk
and
Je rse y
C ity
N ew
Y o rk
S o u th
N o r th C e n t r a l
N o rfo lk —
P o r ts
P h ila P i tt s
B a lti
L o u is M em
N
ew
m
o u th a n d R ic h W a sh
A tla n ta
D a lla s
M ia m i
d e lp h ia b u r g h
p h is
m o re
v ille
O r l e a n s N e w p o rt m o n d in g to n
N e w s—
H a m p to n
C h i
cago
W e st
L os A n g e le sSan
L ong B e a c h
F r a n S e a ttle —
a n d A naheim —
c is c o — E v e r e t t
S a n ta A n a G a rd e n G ro v e O a k la n d
M in n e
M il a p o lis — St.
w aukee
S t.
L o u is
Paul
C le v e D e
la n d
tro it
W e e k ly e a r n i n g s
U nder $
$ 10 a n d
$ 20 a n d
$ 30 a n d
$ 40 an d
1 0 ______________
u n d e r $ 2 0 ____
u n d e r $ 3 0 ____
u n d e r $ 4 0 ____
u n d e r $ 5 0 ____
4 .2
10.4
17.1
2 8 .2
$
$
$
$
$
50
60
70
80
90
under
under
under
under
under
6 0 ____
7 0 ____
8 0 ____
9 0 ____
100____
11.9
4 .3
3 .7
2 .7
3 .4
6 .7
4 .1
3 .9
7.7
13.0
4 .7
$
$
$
$
$
10 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 1 0 __
1 10 a n d u n d e r $ 1 2 0 ___
3.3
1.5
120 a n d u n d e r $ 1 3 0 __
130 a n d u n d e r $ 140 —
140 a n d u n d e r $ 1 5 0 __
1.6
.6
15.0
4 .8
3 .0
2.3
2 .7
7.0
5.5
17.9
23.5
3 .2
$
$
$
$
$
and
and
and
and
and
150
160
170
180
and
and
and
and
1 90 a n d
$
$
$
$
$
under
under
under
under
under
$
$
$
$
$
1 6 0 __
170 —
180 —
1 9 0 __
200 —
4 .0
0 .2
1.0
1.5
3 .0
4 .9
12.8
9 .8
3.1
3 .0
2.8
1.6
.5
1.3
2 .1
.1
1. 0
.8
4 .6
.3
.5
2.5
1.4
(2 )
.4
(2 )
$ 2 0 0 a n d o v e r _________
.9
T o t a l ____________
1 0 0.0
A v e r a g e w e e k ly
e a r n i n g s 1 --------------------
1.3
2.3
5 .4
1. 2
$ 5 5 .5 0
2. 1
1.0
4 .4
3.6
7.8
9.3
8.1
5.1
8. 6
9 .0
4 .6
8 .8
9.3
8.9
4 .8
3.1
1.8
.6
.4
.4
-
1.2
2.1
4 .6
1.6
2.1
9.1
1 0. 6
20.0
13.8
9.9
6 .7
17.1
30.0
11.4
3 .9
14.6
3 5 .4
14.6
4 .2
13.9
2 3 .7
6.4
5.3
9.5
5.3
2.4
4.6
3.3
4 .7
5.8
3.7
4 .4
3 .7
2.5
3.2
5 .8
4 .8
1.3
7.8
4 .4
1 0. 0
1.8
1.8
3.4
5.1
5 .0
3.2
1.9
4.3
3.2
.8
2 .1
1.7
1.2
.6
2.9
5.2
.9
.5
(2 )
.9
11.2
2 .9
1.7
.3
.2
.1
2 7 .8
8.3
6 .9
10.9
18.7
21.3
11.9
0.5
2.3
9 .7
7.9
3 1 .8
4 .3
5 .8
6 .9
3 .5
2 .4
3 .2
2 .4
2 .6
2. 1
4 .4
3.9
2.9
3.1
3 .7
2 .9
7.1
12.4
3 .7
5 .2
4 .1
4 .0
2 .4
2.3
3 .0
3.9
8 .2
1.2
1.2
2 .8
1.0
1.8
1.1
3.3
1.9
2 .4
.5
.2
1.0
6.8
1.3
.2
.1
.6
.1
.1
1.3
4 .5
8.4
12.3
15.1
12 .6
2.0
_
2.9
9 .7
21.5
2 5 .0
9 .8
.8
_
_
.2
.8
.6
.4
-
-
.3
_
.6
100.0
100.0
_
_
2.8
11 .6
6.5
3 .4
8.7
8 .6
5 .0
1.9
.3
-
2 .6
.6
1.0
.2
.1
_
_
2 .0
.3
100.0
$ 8 0 .0 0 $ 119.00 $ 8 1 .5 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 4 9 .5 0 $ 4 5 .5 0 $ 5 1 .0 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 4 9 .5 0 $ 7 1 .5 0
$ 4 4 .5 0
$ 6 9 .0 0
24 .1
19.7
18.4
9 .2
5.3
3.6
16.9
1.4
4 .5
8.9
3 4 .0
4 .7
3.5
1.7
38 .6
2 .8
.1
100.0
.3
io o .o
10.5
11.9
10.5
8.7
4 .4
18.7
3 .2
1 0. 0
10.6
21.8
8.7
4 .1
5.6
6.3
6.9
4 .9
4 .7
4 .3
3.1
3 .8
4 .6
7.3
27.9
3.1
1.9
8.9
12.3
5.6
2.7
5.2
1.5
3.6
4.1
3.0
3 .7
2.3
2.7
5.2
9.5
2.8
2 .0
.3
2.3
.7
7.6
.7
2 .7
3.3
2 .1
1.0
.8
2 .2
•6
.8
.4
.3
,l
.7
.1
100.0
1.2
100.0
.8
14.4
.4
.2
.2
100.0
4 .8
1.7
1.7
.9
6.2
1.0
100.0
4 .0
100 . o '
1.8
1.1
.8
2 .0
.2
3 .8
4 .1
2.5
3.3
4 .6
2.9
4 .8
3.3
_
1
2.0
4 .7
7.2
7.0
4 .9
6.6
8.7
8.1
.3
.6
o
.5
.4
6 .8
.9
100.0 '
.6
0 .4
4 .1
11.9
14.1
12.7
.2
.2
-
.
2. 1
1.1
6 .8
1 2. 2
.1
_
1.4
7.3
1.4
4 .2
.5
.7
i o o
20.1
1.6
2.9
4 .3
1.3
3.2
4 .4
6 .7
7.1
.8
.1
.3
2.6
4 .6
9.3
2 2 .4
19.3
.9
.4
1.0
.1
.3
1.6
6.9
4 9 .3
1.6
1.1
.4
1.0
.8
.6
1.0
.6
2 .0
.9
.9
1.2
2.8
1.0
2 .0
1.1
2.4
0.4
0.4
1.4
1.2
2 .8
2.6
4.1
3.4
5.3
22.6
4 .7
5.3
6.3
5.6
4 .5
12.4
7.9
2.4
2.2
2.1
2 .0
6.7
5.4
4.1
4 .4
1.7
8.1
2 .8
13.2
6 .6
6. 0
4 .8
9 .8
5.6
5.9
5.4
5.9
2.1
1.2
12.7
18.3
5.4
3.2
2.7
3.1
.6
1.6
A
.7
1.5
#7
, i
.6
1.4
3.4
7.0
8.6
12.7
9.0
12.5
3.3
12. 8
30.9
3.9
3.1
2 .8
4
2.0
5! 8
2.7
.8
3.3
.8
.1
5 .7
3 .8
2.3
.8
.1
.5
1.8
3.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
100.0
100.0
10 0 .0
1 00 .0
10 0. 0
$ 9 1 .5 0 $ 1 2 8 .0 0
$ 9 5 .0 0
$ 4 1 .0 0 $ 5 5 .5 0 f 104.00 $ 9 2 .5 0 $ 7 6 .0 0 $ 6 9 .0 0 $ 6 7 .5 0 $ 5 8 .5 0
W e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d
U nder
15 a n d
20 a n d
25 a n d
30 a n d
35 a n d
40 an d
45 a n d
15 h o u r s -----------u n d e r 20 h o u r s . .
u n d e r 25 h o u r s —
u n d e r 30 h o u r s —
u n d e r 35 h o u r s —
u n d e r 40 h o u r s ..
u n d e r 45 h o u r s —
u n d e r 50 h o u r s —
16.8
19.4
3 0 .9
8 .8
3 .6
3 .2
12.5
2 .8
9 .0
11.3
14.2
6 .2
5 .6
4 .0
4 0 .0
5 .4
3.9
4 .2
8.3
3.9
7.8
7.3
5 7 .0
4 .2
10.3
8.6
12.2
8.5
8.5
7.5
37 .9
4 .4
14.9
11.4
14.3
7.1
11.8
4 .5
26 .0
5.6
16.1
17.9
29.7
6.5
4.3
2.8
20.2
1.1
19.5
22 .5
2 6 .2
5 .0
5 .8
6 .0
13.0
1.4
10.8
18.7
3 3 .6
11.6
4 .2
2.9
15.0
1.6
9 .9
21 .1
2 1 .4
9 .4
7.3
5 .8
16.9
3 .4
2 2 .9
18.1
2 1 .8
7.3
4 .5
3.1
17.3
1.6
11.7
8.1
17.0
5 .9
4 .3
3.9
3 8 .5
3 .9
16.9
57 .6
7.4
4 .4
2 .7
.1
7.8
.9
13.6
15.5
3 0 .7
5.3
5.1
5.2
18.8
4 .0
10.9
6.9
10.5
4 .8
6.1
3.6
4 5 .4
5 .4
7.2
5.6
13.3
9 .7
2 0 .8
6 .5
31.1
3 .2
16.3
12.7
18.7
11.1
10.0
6 .4
22.1
1.4
15.1
13.5
16.9
10.6
7.2
7.0
2 1 .8
5.9
21.6
11.7
2 7.8
7.7
3.4
2.2
23.3
.9
14.7
13.2
25.6
9.5
7.8
4 .6
19.4
3 .0
11.0
7.4
9.5
8.8
9.1
10.9
39.7
3.0
12.2
3.5
4 .0
1.8
2.3
3.2
67.7
2.9
15.9
10.9
10.9
6.3
12.1
10.6
30.5
2.0
50 h o u r s a n d o v e r --------
2 .0
4 .3
3 .4
2.1
4 .4
1.3
.7
1.6
4 .9
3.5
6 .7
1.4
1.3
2.2
1.8
6 .4
2.5
1.2
1.9
1.4
2.2
.7
2.4
.8
T o t a l _____________
1 0 0.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
100.0
100.0
10 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
10 0 .0
3 1 .0
29.5
24.5
22 .5
2 5 .0
2 7 .5
2 4 .0
3 2 .0
2 3 .0
29.5
19.5
25 .5
33.5
31 .5
2 6 .0
2 8 .0
2 4.0
26.5
31.5
35.0
28.5
2, 894 1 ,5 9 7
617
620 1, 196
1 ,3 8 9
953
959 5 ,8 0 5
5 ,4 3 6
1 ,3 8 7
2 ,4 8 3
1 , 181
1 ,9 3 0
1 , 882
111
4 , 227
983
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s
w o r k e d -------------------------
2 3 .5
3 1 .5
3 6 .0
N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ____
4 , 194
4 ,0 7 4
2 4 ,2 0 0
1
2
S tra ig h t- tim e a v e ra g e e a rn in g s
L e s s t h a n 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t .
NOTE:
B e c a u s e of r o u n d in g ,
3, 137 1 , 188 2, 738
i n f o r m a tio n e x c lu d e s
p re m iu m pay
fo r o v e rtim e and
s u m s of in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s .
fo r w o rk
on w e e k e n d s
a n d h o lid a y s , b u t in c lu d e s
p re m iu m p ay
8,
f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if
any.
T a b le 8 . W e e k ly e a rn in g s and h o u rs d is trib u tio n : W o m e n
a n d h o u r s w b r k e d , 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n of w o m e n s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s ta b l is h m e n t s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s
W e e k ly e a r n i n g s a n d
w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d
N o r th C e n t r a l
S o u th
N o rth e a s t
N o r f o lk —
P o r ts
L o u is M e m
N ew m o u th a n d R i c h W a s h C h i
B a lti
P h ila P itts
M ia m i
D a lla s
A tla n ta
p h is
O r l e a n s N e w p o rt m o n d in g to n c a g o
v ille
m o re
d e lp h ia b u r g h
N e w s—
H a m p to n
W est
L os A n g e le sM in n e
San
Long B each
M il a p o li s — St.
F r a n - S e a ttle a n d A n a h e im —
St.
L o u is
c is c o - E v e re tt
w aukee
S a n ta A n a Paul
G a r d e n G r o v e O a k la n d
B o s to n
N e w a rk
and
Je rse y
C ity
1 0 -----------------------u n d e r $ 2 0 ______
u n d e r $ 3 0 --------u n d e r $ 4 0 --------u n d e r $ 5 0 ----------
2 .8
3 .5
6.1
16 .0
3 7 .5
1.0
3.1
9 .5
17.7
12.2
0 .2
1.2
1.5
2 .6
3 .4
2 .7
2 .2
3 .9
9 .4
10.9
0.9
5.7
11.8
26.3
24.1
0.6
6.3
18.9
4 5 .4
13.9
1.6
7.3
18.8
36 .0
8 .0
1.6
6.1
20.9
50.6
13.2
4 .5
10.2
27.1
30 .5
14.7
4 .3
10.7
2 0 .4
34.1
16.2
1.4
7.7
19.9
25.1
20 .8
5.8
9 .4
17.0
38.2
19.5
0.6
1.7
37 .2
26 .7
7 .0
1.2
11.3
6 7 .6
15.2
1.6
2.7
5.9
10.0
4 1 .6
13.6
0.2
2.1
2.3
2.9
4 .5
1.0
3 .2
3.1
2.7
8.1
2.0
2.5
4 .0
11.1
10.8
2.9
6.2
12.4
19.4
20.9
1.6
4 .8
6.8
17.7
4 1 .0
3 .0
3.3
7.8
11.1
2 6.6
1.5
1.2
3.0
3.5
6.8
0.4
1.6
1.6
4 .5
5.7
0.2
1.7
1.2
4 .5
8.2
$ 50 a n d u n d e r $ 6 0 ---------$ 60 a n d u n d e r $ 70 ----------
2 0 .6
9 .0
1.3
1.3
1.4
12.5
16.8
5.7
9 .8
4 .6
4 .9
3.5
11.6
4 0 .9
14.4
5 .5
3 1 .6
4 .9
22.1
4 .7
12.8
8 .4
6.5
1.0
1.6
3.8
5.2
2.2
3.3
.4
2.0
3.0
8.5
10.9
1.9
3.8
1.3
.3
1.0
1.3
3 .4
2.8
3 .4
1.7
-
4 .6
6.1
2 .4
.6
.3
12.3
8.2
3.3
1.1
-
4 .1
2.3
3.0
.5
-
2.3
11.6
4.1
8.7
-
2 .0
1.2
-
4 .0
3.4
5.5
3 .4
5 .0
6.3
2.1
25.7
11.8
5.8
12.6
9 .0
2 7 .8
10.9
19.6
6.1
18.5
12.5
13.4
15.3
11.8
7.1
12.1
5.0
2 .4
10.3
3.2
5.8
3.5
.3
2 1.6
10.8
4 .2
9 .2
1.0
9 .8
8 .0
12.8
8 .5
15.2
1.2
2.4
1.2
2.8
.4
8.3
6.1
7.1
5.9
2 0 .7
.3
.1
.1
_
5.3
1.2
.4
_
.1
5.1
9 .4
.5
.4
.2
1.3
.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
1.6
.2
-
_
-
.6
.6
.6
.3
-
_
.3
-
_
.3
-
_
-
_
-
3.9
.5
.3
(2 )
.1
2 4 .8
2 .2
.6
.2
8 .4
1.0
.4
.1
.2
.1
2.9
.5
.1
-
4 .8
-
-
.4
.3
_
.1
1.0
.1
.1
.3
"
2 1 .3
6 .0
1.9
.4
.1
.8
8.5
11.3
9.3
4 0 .5
15.5
10.4
2.1
6.6
.7
.1
.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
100.0
1 0 0.0
1 0 0.0
$ 8 2 .5 0 $ 6 2 .0 0 $ 4 4 .0 0 $ 3 7 .0 0 $ 4 4 .0 0 $ 3 4 .5 0 $ 3 5 .5 0 $ 4 7 .0 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 3 4 .0 0
$ 4 1 .0 0
N ew
Y o rk
C le v e D e
la n d
tro it
W e e k ly e a r n i n g s
U nder $
$ 10 a n d
$ 20 a n d
$ 30 a n d
$ 40 a n d
$ 80 a n d u n d e r $ 9 0 ---------$ 90 a n d u n d e r $ 100-------$
$
$
$
$
100
110
120
130
140
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$
$
$
$
$
1 1 0 -----1 2 0 -----1 3 0 -----1 4 0 -----1 5 0 ------
-
$ 150 a n d o v e r ----------------10 0 .0
1 0 0.0
A v e r a g e w e e k ly
e a r n i n g s 1---------------------- $ 4 4 .5 0
$ 5 5 .5 0
T o t a l ----------------------
10 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10 0 .0
100.0
100.0
-
-
-
.1
7.6
.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
$ 2 8 .0 0 $ 4 6 .0 0 $ 8 5 .0 0 $ 6 9 .5 0 $ 6 7 .0 0 $ 4 7 .5 0 $ 4 7 .5 0 $ 4 8 .5 0
$ 7 9 .5 0
14.1
10.5
26.6
2 0 .8
11.8
4.9
9 .5
1.2
7.5
4 .0
12.9
14.3
9 .4
19.2
2 9.7
2 .0
10 0 .0
.1
100.0
-
“
1 0 0 .0
.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
-
$119.50 $ 8 7 .0 0
W e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d
U nder
15 a n d
20 a n d
25 a n d
30 a n d
35 a n d
40 a n d
45 a n d
15 h o u r s --------------u n d e r 20 h o u r s ---u n d e r 25 h o u r s ---u n d e r 30 h o u r s ---u n d e r 35 h o u r s ---u n d e r 40 h o u r s ----u n d e r 45 h o u r s ---u n d e r 50 h o u r s ----
12.0
16.7
3 5 .8
2 0 .9
10.2
1.3
2.8
.3
9 .2
16.4
19.9
9 .7
2 1 .5
3 .5
19.1
.3
4 .0
3.7
7 .5
14.3
4 7 .6
18.2
4 .4
.2
8 .3
5.3
11.7
6 .2
2 0 .8
1 .4
4 5 .7
.2
9 .4
12.6
26.9
21 .0
12.1
8 .5
8.8
.4
12.3
2 1 .0
4 3 .2
8.8
3.7
3 .6
6.5
.5
12.1
23.5
33.1
4 .7
8.7
13.7
3.6
.5
13.5
19.5
49.1
11.9
2.1
1.3
2.6
-
20 .9
2 6 .0
29.9
9 .0
4 .5
2.3
5 .6
-
22.9
19.2
29.9
11.9
6.1
2.7
5.5
.6
2 6 .0
13.9
2 6 .2
15.3
6 .8
4.9
6.6
.3
23.3
26 .6
25 .3
14.9
4 .3
1.5
4.1
-
6 .4
27.3
33 .7
3.5
14.5
1.2
13.4
"
22 .7
6 8 .0
6.3
-
.8
.8
1.6
-
14.5
14.2
4 2 .9
5 .8
3.9
2 .5
13.8
1.6
4 .9
3.7
8.7
3.3
24.9
14.7
38 .0
1.1
8 .0
3.1
9 .4
13.4
3 5 .5
13.2
16.8
.5
11.1
9.8
11.6
17.9
13.6
14.8
2 0.5
.3
12.6
15.9
24.1
15.3
5.0
8 .8
17.9
.3
15.8
18.7
4 2 .3
8.7
9 .4
5.2
-
10.9
4 .5
6.1
.4
3.2
4.9
54.7
3.6
9 .7
7.1
12.5
8.5
16.7
25.3
19.3
.5
_
.5
.2
.4
.1
.5
.2
_
1.7
1.2
_
_
_
_
.8
.7
.2
.3
_
_
.6
1.0
11.7
.3
-------
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0.0
1 0 0.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 0 0.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10 0 .0
100.0
100.0
1 0 0.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s
w o r k e d ----------------------------
2 1 .5
2 5 .5
2 9 .5
3 1 .0
24.5
22 .0
2 2 .5
20.5
2 1 .0
2 1 .5
2 1 .5
19.0
2 4 .0
16.5
2 3 .0
32 .5
3 0 .0
2 7.0
2 5.5
2 0.5
2 4 .0
31.0
3 6.0
30.0
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s --------
864
1, 594
1 2 ,1 4 3
1 ,2 2 3
680
1, 516
886
940
177
328
366
395
172
256 3, 059 2 ,8 2 9
1 ,5 7 2
1 ,5 3 4
340
310
1, 096
1 ,8 7 8
247
576
50 h o u r s a n d o v e r ----------T o ta l-
—
S tra ig h t- tim e a v e ra g e e a rn in g s
L e s s th a n 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t .
N O T E : B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g ,
i n f o r m a t io n e x c lu d e s
p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r tim e a n d f o r w o r k
s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l to ta l s .
on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t i n c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r
l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o rk ,
W e e k ly e a r n i n g s w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l la r a n d h o u r s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r.
if any.
T a b le 9 . O c c u p a tio n a l earn ing s: A tla n ta , G a .1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e t h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 2 o f s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
N um
ber
v°f
w o rk
e rs
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s ____ 4 , 254
M en ____ ______
— _ 2 , 738
W o m e n ------ —-------------- 1 ,5 1 6
A v e r A v e r
age
ag e
w e e k ly w e e k ly
h o u rs
e a rn
w o rk e d in g s 2
A v erag e
$ 1 .5 0 $1.55
h o u r ly
and
e a rn
under
in g s 2
$ 1 .5 5 $1.60
N u m b e r c3f w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - tim e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
$ 1 .6 0
$ 1 .6 5
$ 1 .7 0
$ 1 .7 5
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $3.2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0
$ 1 .6 5
$ 1 .7 0
$ 1 .7 5
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1 .9 0
$ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0
a nd
2 3 .5
2 4 .5
2 2 .0
$ 4 5 .0 0 $ 1 .9 2
4 9 .5 0 2 .0 2
37 .0 0 1.71
33
33
"
5
3
2
1043
449
594
285
137
148
901
460
441
343
235
108
260
202
58
128
99
29
152
137
15
19
17
2
492
418
74
128
92
36
108
103
5
63
62
1
54
53
1
63
62
1
55
55
1 ,9 1 6
281
1 ,6 3 5
633
45 2
1, 283
100
1, 183
241
354
2 1 .5
3 1 .0
2 0 .0
2 4 .5
2 1 .0
2 0 .5
2 5 .5
2 0 .0
4 2 .5
2 3 .0
3 9 .50
6 0 .0 0
3 6 .0 0
4 6 .5 0
3 8 .5 0
36 .0 0
4 8 .5 0
3 5 .00
1 1 3.00
4 4 .0 0
1.82
1.93
1.79
1.89
1.85
1.79
1.91
1.77
2.6 5
1.92
33
32
1
33
1
3
3
3
425
21
404
113
110
312
18
294
130
5
125
20
19
110
4
106
402
41
361
77
62
325
26
299
167
32
135
43
19
124
8
116
-
-
-
24
7
42
47
276
51
225
132
90
144
9
135
_
94
64
23
41
30
11
34
4
30
_
16
30
4
26
13
13
17
4
13
48
5
9
1
8
9
8
-
11
1
10
4
4
7
1
6
_
1
5
1
4
-
105
15
88
50
44
55
11
44
_
19
3
1
2
3
2
-
58
3
55
31
28
27
_
27
_
33
43
35
8
32
_
11
3
8
-
148
9
139
43
41
105
7
98
_
48
6
40
1
5
1
4
35
8
1 ,4 9 9
187
1, 312
2 2 .0
2 8 .5
2 1 .0
3 7 .5 0
4 8 .5 0
3 5 .50
1.71
1.70
1.71
_
-
2
1
1
594
93
501
148
28
120
435
25
410
105
18
87
55
5
50
29
1
28
13
_
13
_
_
_
73
8
65
36
8
28
5
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
14
1 ,4 2 4
126
1 ,2 9 8
2 0 .5
2 2 .0
3 4 .0
2 1 .0
3 5 .50
3 7 .50
5 8 .0 0
3 5 .50
1.75
1.71
1.71
1.71
-
2
1
1
-
_
145
25
120
9
424
23
401
1
95
9
86
_
54
4
50
4
25
1
24
72
7
65
35
7
28
1
13
4
4
46
46
30
29
1
14
14
7
7
6
6
10
4
3
2
2
13
13
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
_____
■ C le a n e rs
_
D a y w o rk ____________
N ig h tw o rk — —-------C l e a n e r s , h e a v y 3 ____
N ig h tw o r k ---------------C l e a n e r s , lig h t -----------D a y w o rk ------------------N ig h tw o rk ---------------E x t e r m i n a t o r s ____________
W a x e r s , f l o o r ____________
-
-
-
3
-
4
4
4
4
43
2
1
38
17
2
1
-
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s ---------------------------D a y w o rk ____________
N ig h tw o r k --------------C le a n e rs , heavy,
n i g h tw o r k ____________
C l e a n e r s , lig h t -----------D a y w o rk ____________
N ig h tw o rk ________ _
1
2
d iv id in g
3
-
550
49
5501
13
_
_
_
5
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
-
“
"
1
'
~
"
-
-
“
T h e A t l a n t a S t a n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of C la y to n , C o b b , D e K a lb , F u lto n , a n d G w in n e tt C o u n tie s .
E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e o b ta in e d by
a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a te w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r i n d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
I n c lu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y .
NOTE;
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w e r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l la r .
T a b le 10. O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s : B a ltim o re , M d .1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 o f s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
N um ber
of
w o rk
e rs
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s _______ 3, 780
M e n --------------------------------- 2, 894
886
W o m e n ---------------------------
A v e r- A v e rage
age
w e e k ly w e e k ly
e a rn
h o u rs
w o r k e d in g s 2
2 2 .5
2 2 .5
2 2 .5
A v e rage
$ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5
h o u r ly
and
e a rn
under
in g s 2 $ 1 .65 $ 1 .7 0
$ 4 5 .5 0 $ 2 .0 0
4 5 .5 0 2 .0 2
4 4 .0 0 1.95
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s :r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
$ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $2.9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $4.0 0 $4.2 0
$ 1 .7 0
$1 .7 5
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0
$1 .7 5
$1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5
$ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5
and
$ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0
186
161
25
1320
1018
302
452
323
129
413
293
120
212
181
31
97
88
9
97
73
24
16
14
2
259
206
53
52
49
3
83
36
47
254
190
64
112
74
38
61
48
13 '
14
6
8
51
41
10
7
6
1
9
5
4
41
39
2
1
1
11
11
5
4
1
5
4
1
6
2
4
6
2
4
1
1
1
1
-
4
1
3
4
1
3
8
1
7
8
1
7
“
■
"
■
"
■
"
2
2
“
■
■
■
“
“
“
~
“
■
■
over
4
4
26
26
■
“
"
“
■
■
■
'
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C l e a n e r s 3---------------------------D a y w o r k -------------------N ig h tw o r k ---------------C l e a n e r s , h e a v y -----------D a y w o r k -------------------N i g h t w o r k ----------------W a x e r s , f lo o r --------------------W indow w a s h e r s -----------------
2, 335
274
2, 061
2, 291
268
2, 023
246
50
2 1 .0
3 1 .0
19.5
2 1 .0
3 1 .0
2 0 .0
2 6 .5
2 8 .5
3 9 .5 0
6 3 .5 0
3 6 .0 0
3 9 .5 0
6 3 .5 0
3 6 .5 0
5 3 .5 0
12 6 .5 0
1.86
2 .0 3
1.83
1.87
2 .0 4
1.83
2 .0 2
4 .4 3
161
45
116
159
45
114
-
951
21
930
947
19
928
32
1
267
31
236
247
31
216
42
-
265
19
246
254
18
236
6
"
148
11
137
144
9
135
21
"
68
17
51
68
17
51
11
1
45
8
37
45
8
37
26
-
14
6
8
14
6
8
-
145
22
123
142
21
121
47
7
27
14
13
27
14
13
9 '
3
15
5
10
15
5
10
5
2
142
8
134
142
8
134
34
"
58
54
4
58
54
4
13
2
5
4
1
5
4
1
1
1
-
884
149
735
285
283
599
147
452
22 .5
34 .0
2 0 .5
19.0
19.0
2 4 .5
3 4 .5
2 1 .5
4 4 .0 0
7 7 .0 0
3 7 .5 0
3 2 .0 0
3 2 .0 0
5 0 .0 0
7 7 .5 0
4 1 .0 0
1.95
2 .2 5
1.8 4
1.70
1.70
2 .0 4
2 .2 5
1.92
25
2
23
18
16
7
302
3
299
138
138
164
3
161
129
6
123
45
45
84
6
78
120
1
119
63
63
57
1
56
31
1
30
6
6
25
1
24
9
1
8
2
2
7
1
6
22
11
11
4
4
18
11
7
2
2
2
2
-
53
12
41
5
5
48
12
36
3
3
2
2
1
1
47
40
7
-
64
31
33
38
15
23
13
8
5
8
7
1
10
10
47
40
7
64
31
33
38
15
23
13
8
5
8
7
1
1
6
4
-
1
1
■
2
2
10
10
1
1
4
■
4
2
2
2
1
1
■
“
1
“
1
"
“
“
~
~
4
“
17
■
-
"
~
"
"
“
”
“
~
“
”
-
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a t i on s— w o m e n
C l e a n e r s ____________________
D a y w o r k -------------------N i g h t w o r k ----------------C l e a n e r s , h e a v y 3---------N i g h t w o r k ----------------C l e a n e r s , l i g h t ------------D a y w o r k -------------------N ig h t w o r k -----------------
1
2
d iv id in g
3
4
$ 1 0 .4 0 ;
-
7
T h e B a l ti m o r e S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of B a ltim o r e C ity ;
E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t
a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s .
W o rk e rs, h o w e v e r, w e re
I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o llo w s :
1 a t $ 4 .6 0 to $ 4 .8 0 ; 3 a t $ 4 .80 to $5; 1 a t
a n d 5 a t $11 to $ 1 1 .2 0 .
NOTE:
_
2
-
a n d A n n e A r u n d e l, B a l ti m o r e , C a r r o l l , H a r f o r d , a n d H o w a rd C o u n tie s .
in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e o b ta in e d b y
d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
,
*. .
^
$ 5 .2 0 to $ 5 .4 0 ; 1 a t $ 5 .6 0 to $ 5 .8 0 ; 2 a t $ 6 .2 0 to $ 6 .4 0 ; 1 a t $ 6 .6 0 to $ 6 .8 0 ; 2 a t $7 to $ 7 .2 0 ; 1 a t $ 1 0 .2 0 to
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
4
T a b le 11. O c c u p a tio n a l ea rn in g s: B o sto n , M a s s .1
(A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
N um - A v erO c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A l l s e r v i c e w o r k e r s 5 ____
M e n _____________________
W om en
A v e r- A v e r-
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
$ 1.6 0 $ 1.65 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 J 3 A 0 $ 3 .5 0 $376cT $ 3 .7 0
of
w e e k ly w e e k ly h o u r ly
w o rk - h o u rs
e a rn and
e r s w o rk e d in g s 12 in g s 2
$ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 o v e r
5 ,0 5 8
4 , 194
864
2 3 .0 $53.50
2 3 .5 55 .5 0
2 1 .5 4 4 .5 0
$ 2 .3 3
2.39
2 .0 4
62
44
18
4 8 .5 0
2.19
2.35
2 .1 8
44
7
37
2.21
13
53
41
34
7
47
40
7
12
10
2
227
164
63
28
28
13
_
13
34
_
34
38
_
38
10
_
28
_
28
_
_
_
_
_
_
2
2
_
_
44
7
37
_
13
32
38
5
5
5
164
_
164
46
46
118
66
_
1
1851 4 54
13 84 3 73
4 6 7 81
846
703
143
1372
5
1367
589
584
783
659
69
590
393
324
266
278
270
166
165
398
387
182
180
8
x
11
2
26 2
151
15
136
70
58
81
3
78
_
13
284
46
238
137
3
134
16
15
73
73
27
27
8
8
31
31
22
22
43
16
_
16
_
1
7
_
7
7
7
_
_
_
7
7
_
13
_
_
13
13
9
9
_
151
151
65
65
_
_
_
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
oc c u p a ti on s— m e n
C l e a n e r s ___________________
D a y w o rk _____________
N ig h tw o r k ___________
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y 3 _____
N ig h tw o r k ___________
C l e a n e r s , l ig h t _________
D a y w o rk -------------------N ig h tw o r k ___________
E x t e r m i n a t o r s _____________
W a x e r s , f l o o r _____________
W in d o w w a s h f l r s
3 ,6 4 0
22.0
21 1
3 8 .5
91.00
3 ,4 2 9
1 ,5 0 9
1 ,3 6 6
2 , 131
21.0
4 5 .5 0
53 .5 0
4 9 .0 0
4 4 .5 0
7 9 .50
4 3 .5 0
106.50
5 3 .5 0
140.50
2.19
2 .1 8
2.4 6
2 .1 7
2.71
2.46
3 .5 8
4 5 .0 0
73.00
4 4 .5 0
2 .0 7
2 ?R
2 .0 7
68
2 4 .5
2 2 .5
2 0 .5
3 2 .5
2 , 063
53
84
182
3 9 .5
770
13
757
3 2 .0
2 1 .5
20.0
3 9 .5
22.0
_
-
_
13
_
_
32
_
_
_
_
_
38
_
.
_
10
5
_
_
118
_
_
10
10
18
18
_
_
362
12
350
128
116
234
783 234
4
2
2
9
266
2
9
45
217
127
107
135
25
110
2
2
2
88
66
196
24
172
18
39
q7
121
2
119
5
2
2
41
29
27
14
_
14
5
2
3
2
2
14
_
14
_
_
1
1
1
2
2
_
_
_
3
5
_
5
4
1
2
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
7
_
7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
8
1
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
151
_
13
_
_
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
oc c u p a ti on s— w o m e n
C l e a n e r s ( a l l lig h t)_
D a y w o rk ...
N ig h tw o rk
22.0
1
62
46 7
81
1
62
467
80
x
138
g
130
g
3
5
x
10
2
10
2
1
T h e B o s to n S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of S u ffo lk C o u n ty , 15 c o m m u n itie s in E s s e x C o u n ty , 30 in M id d le s e x C o u n ty , 20 in N o r f o lk C o u n ty , a nd 9 in P ly m o u th C ounty.
E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o l id a y s , b u t i n c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e o b ta in e d
b y d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a te w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g t h e s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r i n d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e .
3 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c la s s if i c a t io n in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y .
1
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l la r .
T a b le 12. O c c u p a tio n a l ea rn in g s : C h ic a g o , III.1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
N um ber
of
w o rk er s
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s _______ 8 , 265
M<“n
................... 5 ,4 3 6
W o m e n --------------------------- 2 , 829
A v e rage
w e e k ly
hour s
w o rk ed
3 3 .0
33.5
32.5
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t '- ti m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
A v er- A v e rage
age
$ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .65 $ 1 .7 0 $1.75 $ 1 .80 $1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $2.8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $3.2 0 $3.4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $4.20 $ 4 .4 0
w e e k ly h o u r ly
and
“
“
~
e a rn - e a rn _
~
~
“
~
■
"
"
“
in g s 2 in g s 2 $ 1 .6 5 $1 .7 0 $ 1 .75 $ 1 .8 0 $1.85 $ 1 . 9 0 $1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 . 9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $4.40 o v e r
nnHpr
$ 9 7 .5 0 $ 2 .9 4
104.00 3 .1 2
8 5 .0 0 2 .6 0
20
8
12
6
8
8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
4
4
_
_
6
39
5
34
23
9
14
20
9
16
12
12
8
1
8
8
89
68
21
16
4
41
28
13
5
2
3
488
355
133
308
226
82
602
436
166
145
114
31
355
9
346
213
9
204
51
415
21
114
114
64
64
50
50
-
151
151
150
150
29
29
29
29
132
105
27
2275
325
1950
150
93
57
105
3
52
52
53
3
50
-
308
3
305
141
141
167
3
164
5
74
74
39
39
35
35
14
27
3
24
27
3
24
1945
51
1894
1940
51
1889
57
57
57
57
41
41
“
1731
1726
5
239
236
3
90
90
70
70
26
26
118
118
20
14
14
-
1655
231
1424
1244
166
1078
411
65
346
50
-
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
554
538
16
134
128
374
6
342
100
242
68
68
556
556
177
177
"
"
"
60
60
7
7
7
7
18
525
4
4
4
4
15
3128
-
-
61
57
4
19
19
23
3
9
48
48
-
-
-
'
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C l e a n e r s ___________________
Drl y w n rlf
N ig h tw ^ rk
^■lpaHp TR| ViPflVy
T')fjyWr'T‘k
NigMw<"»rk
P. 1^3 n p P , lig h t .
D^ y w n rlt
N ig h tw c irk
E jrtp riT|i ria t'r,ra
...........
W indow waRl 'pTB
1 ,5 1 1
238
653
31 .0
34 .5
30.5
34.5
37.5
3 4 .0
2 5 .5
2 9 .5
2 5 .5
4 2 .5
4 3 .5
2, 803
103
2, 700
2 , 549
103
.. 2, 446
33 .0
3 1 .0
33 .0
32 .0
31 .0
3 2 .0
4, 141
332
3, 809
2, 508
210
2 , 298
1 ,6 3 3
122
8 7 .5 0
1 0 2.50
8 6 .5 0
9 9 .5 0
1 1 3.00
9 8 .5 0
6 9 .0 0
8 4 .0 0
68.00
1 3 3.00
185.50
2 .8 4
2 .9 7
2 .8 2
2 .9 0
3.0 2
2 .8 9
2 .7 0
2 .8 7
2 .6 9
3.1 2
4 .2 8
4
4
_
_
_
_
5
_
5
_
_
_
5
_
5
68
20
48
46
4
28
28
8
22
2
2
4
4
-
-
34
_
22
8
1
_
8
8
14
1
-
22
6
6
2
-
2
-
110
8
102
245
1
244
6
45
162
3
159
9
21
394
137
137
278
21
257
102
6
368
323
323
51
6
-
45
38
20
32
12
12
30
30
64
3
61
57
3
54
7
7
8
10
88
88
20
18
3
15
5
5
9
12
12
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
r.]A jn P T S ^
D a y w o rk
Mi g h tw n r k
r .J p ^ p p r s , lig h t
D a y w o rk
.
N ig h tw o r k . .......
8 5 .5 0
7 1 .5 0
86.00
8 0 .0 0
7 1 .5 0
8 0 .0 0
2 .6 0
2 .3 2
2.61
2 .4 9
2 .3 2
2 .5 0
12
8
6
4
2
6
4
2
12
8
4
4
34
4
30
34
4
30
21
4
17
21
4
17
14
14
14
4
-
-
14
4
4
4
13
13
13
13
3
3
3
3
133
14
119
133
14
119
82
11
71
82
11
71
16
16
4
6
6
6
-
-
4
6
240
4
236
4
4
-
4
4
4
4
1 T he C h ic a g o S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of C o o k , D u P a g e , K a n e , L a k e , M c H e n r y , a n d W ill C o u n tie s .
2 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t i n c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o rk , if a n y .
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e o b ta in e d b y
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s .
W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
3 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 4 .4 0 to $ 4 .6 0 .
4 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te l y .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
T a b le 13. O c c u p a tio n a l earn ing s: C lev elan d , O h io 1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
A ver - A v e r A v e r
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s ofage
age
age
$1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $2710 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .30 $2.40 $2.50 $2 . 6 0 $ 2 .70 $2.80 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20' $4.40 $4.60 $4.80
w e e k ly w e e k ly h o u rly
and
h o u rs
e a rn e a rn
a nd
under
w o r k e d in g s 2 in g s 2
$1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $ 1 .90 $2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .30 $ 2 .40 $2.50 $ 2 .60 $2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $2.90 $ 3 .0 0 $3 .1 0 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 o v e r
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
N um
ber
of
wo r k e rs
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s _______
M e n _____________________
W om en
2 ,9 5 9
1,3 8 7
1,572
30.5
31.5
30 .0
1,0 6 0
87
973
968
87
881
2 9 .0
34 .0
2 8 .5
2 9 .0
34.0
28 .5
7 4 .0 0
9 0 .00
7 2 .50
7 5 .0 0
9 0 .00
73.50
2.5 5
2 .6 5
2 .5 4
2 .5 8
2.6 5
2 .5 7
92
94
150
2 9 .5
39.5
4 1 .5
66.00
1 6 7.50
175.50
2 .2 3
4 .2 5
4 .2 3
-
-
1 ,5 1 7
1 ,5 0 9
30 .0
30 .0
6 9 .00
69 .5 0
2 .3 2
2.3 2
32
32
.
118
1 ,3 9 9
1,391
30.0
30 .0
30.0
7 7 .00
68 .5 0
6 9 .00
2 .5 7
2 .3 0
2 .3 0
$ 8 0 .5 0 $2 . 6 2
9 2 .5 0 2.9 5
6 9 .50 2.3 2
32
32
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
58
24
34
26
26
-
80
48
32
4
■4
106
100 2
23
83
59
943
380
99
281
765
641
124
48
-
-
-
56
56
-
89
89
75
75
638
31
607
636
31
605
43
43
187
177
12
10
3
9
2
2
18
18
4
4
6
6
11
11
1
1
12
12
7
7
155
155
13
13
_
_
_
_
.
_
18
18
_
18
18
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
1
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
_
_
_
/
D
7
6
8
-
-
10
1
7
-
10
10
25
25
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C l e a n e r s ________________ ___
D a y w o rk
N i g h t w o r k ___________
C le a n e rs , heavy
D a y w o r k _____________
N ig h tw o r k
C l e a n e r s , l ig h t
( a l l n ig h t w o r k ) _______
T/irt*p r m l u a t n r s
W in d o w w a s h e r s _
-
-
-
-
18
18
18
18
-
-
-
-
48
48
48
18
-
-
-
-
_
56
14
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
34
34
26
26
_
32
24
2
2
63
63
930
930
279
279
26
142
6
-
20
122
6
26
26
26
_
L
O
142
_
20
122
4
_
4
_
2
-
-
1
_
_
_
_
10
_
_
_
_
25
149
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s 4 __________________
N ig h tw o r k
C le a n e rs , heavy
( a l l n i g h tw o r k ) ________
C l e a n e r s , l ig h t 4 _______
N i g h t w o r k ___________
32
32
-
34
34
26
26
-
32
24
2
2
63
63
930
930
279
279
n o
_
9
-
9
9
n o
109
l
i
1 T h e C le v e la n d S t a n d a r d M e tr o p o lita n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of C u y a h o g a , G e a u g a , L a k e , a n d M e d in a C o u n tie s .
2 , E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o rk , if a n y .
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e o b ta in e d
b y d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
3 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo llo w s : 6 a t $4.80 to $5; 4 a t $5 to $ 5 .2 0 ; 6 a t $5 .2 0 to $ 5 .4 0 ; 6 a t $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 .6 0 ; a n d 3 a t $5 .6 0 to $ 5 .8 0 .
4 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c la s s if i c a t io n in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l la r .
T a b le 14. O c c u p a tio n a l earn ing s: D a lla s , T e x .1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
N um - A v e r- A v e rage
age
ber
w e e k ly w e e k ly
of
e a rn w o rk - h o u rs
e r s w o rk e d i n g s 2
___ 2, 537
1, 597
940
W o m e n ______ _____ ___ _
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s
A v e rage
h o u r ly
e a rn in g s 2
2 3 .0
2 5 .0
2 0 .5
$ 4 5 .0 0
5 1 .0 0
3 4 .5 0
$ 1 .9 4
2 .0 6
22.0
1.84
1.98
1.83
1.91
2 3 .0
37.0
4 1 .0 0
7 5 .0 0
3 9 .5 0
4 6 .0 0
8 1 .5 0
4 4 .5 0
3 5 .0 0
5 0 .0 0
3 4 .5 0
4 2 .0 0
12 5 .0 0
2 0 .5
32 .0
20 .5
2 0 .5
33.0
2 0 .5
3 4 .5 0
5 7 .5 0
3 4 .0 0
3 4 .5 0
5 9 .0 0
3 4 .0 0
1. 68
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of$1 .6 5
$1 .7 0
$1.75
$ 1 .8 0
$1 .8 5
$ 1 .9 0
under
$1 .6 5
-
-
-
$ 1 .7 0
$1.75
$1.80
$ 1 .8 5
~
$ 1 .9 0
~
$ 1 .9 5
1293
699
594
109
52
57
201
71
42
29
44
35
9
665
52
_
52
23
_
23
29
28
18
$ 1 .6 0
376
175
11
11
17
15
-
2
11
1
10
15
8
2
6
8
2
6
2
1
1
-
$ 1 .9 5
$2.00
$2.10 ^ 2.20
~
"
$2.10
$2.20
15
15
-
223
175
48
22
1
158
$2.00
15
7
$ 2 .3 0
61
46
15
$ 2 .3 0
$ 2 .4 0
$ 2 .5 0
$ 2 .6 0
$ 2 .7 0
$ 2 .8 0
$ 2 .9 0
$ 3 .0 0
$ 3 .1 0
$3.20 $3.3 0
“
$ 2 .4 0
~
$ 2 .5 0
“
$ 2 .6 0
$ 2 .7 0
$ 2 .8 0
$ 2 .9 0
$ 3 .0 0
$ 3 .1 0
$ 3 .2 0
$ 3 .3 0
3
3
4
4
-
50
50
-
3
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
35
4
31
30
3
27
5
6
and
24
24
-
89
88
-
18
18
-
3
3
-
35
35
-
3
3
-
6
30
30
■
over
33
33
■
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C l e a n e r s - ________________ _ 1 ,2 8 8
43
D a y w o rk
..
1 ,2 4 5
Mi g h t v 7o r k
677
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y ________
34
Da yw or k
643
M ight w o rk
611
C l e a n e r s , lig h t
9
p a y v ,n r ^
- Nightw<~>rk
602
118
Wa
r s , fl r' r'r‘
32
W indow
37.5
2 1 .5
2 4 .0
4 0 .5
2 3 .5
20.0
2 7 .5
20.0
2.01
1.91
1.74
1.82
1.74
1.84
3.41
11
654
325
7
318
340
4
336
33
186
2
1
2
184
95
27
14
14
14
16
16
1
94
91
1
•
1
1
1
_
90
15
_
13
14
_
17
-
2
1
594
9
585
593
57
_
57
57
_
57
175
_
175
175
_
175
29
_
29
29
_
29
9
9
9
9
_
_
-
29
9
1
8
2
-
-
10
11
2
1
148
47
9
3
10
2
1
8
-
111
-
Ill
2
1
3
14
-
1
37
1
-
11 '
8
2
-
-
48
7
40
5
35
34
4
30
-
-
2
6
1
2
5
3
-
2
-
-
1
4
4
-
21
21
21
21
1
10
1
-
~
~
10
10
1
1
6
6
22
2
20
22
2
20
10
1
6
-
-
“
"
■
■
■
~
~
“
~
"
“
■
■
“
"
"
2
1
1
-
-
~
"
"
-
-
“
~
2
“
2
2
■
8
“
8
8
2
8
“
"
■
“
"
”
1
3 24
-
■
"
~
■
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s 4 ________________
D a y w o r k _____________
N ig h t's,oT>k
r k a n p r c , l ig h t
D a y w o r k _____________
N ig h tw r'T*k
940
14
926
939
13
926
1.6 8
1.79
1. 68
1. 68
1.80
8
1 .68
585
2
2
2
2
-
2
2
46
48
5
7
2
2
46
5
15
15
15
15
3
1
2
3
1
2
-
-
-
1
1
-
~
_
1 T he D a lla s S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of C o llin , D a l la s , D e n to n , E l l i s , K a u fm a n , a n d R o c k w a ll C o u n tie s .
2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t i n c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o rk , if a n y .
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e o b ta in e d b y
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s .
W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r, w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
3 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o llo w s :
21 a t $ 3 .6 0 to $ 3 .7 0 ; 2 a t $3.90 to $4; a n d 1 a t $ 4 .2 0 to $ 4 .3 0 .
4 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e l y .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e
;e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
T a b le 15. O c c u p a tio n a l earn ing s: D e tro it, M ic h .1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s M e n _______________
W om en.
N um A ver
ber
age
d gc
age
of
w e e k ly w e e k ly h o u r ly
w o rk - h o u rs e a rn - e a rn -
4 , 017
2, 483
1 ,5 3 4
27.0
2 6 .0
27.0
$ 7 2 .0 0 $ 2 .6 6
7 6 .0 0
2.90
6 7 .0 0
2.48
24.5
60 .5 0
5 8 .5 0
6 1 .5 0
7 4 .5 0
8 3 .0 0
7 3 .0 0
4 9 .0 0
5 0 .5 0
6 1 .5 0
179.00
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
$1.60 $ 1 .6 5 $1 .7 0 $ 1 .75 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $2.7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $2.9 0 $3.0 0 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60
$3.80 $4.00 $4.20
$ 1 .6 0 u n d e r
$1.65 $ 1 .7 0 $1 .7 5 $1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 . 6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $2.8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $3.2 0 $3,4 0 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00
$4,20
10
10
30
30
2
2
-
-
-
-
4
4
16
4
12
4
137
2
2
11
27
19
126
8
37
28
9
452
310
142
147
117
30
282
218
64
75
34
41
1389
504
885
268
210
28
299
7
292
67
4
63
232
229
_
105
23
82
200
1
31
7
24
25
501
187
51
136
174
51
123
13
13
58
157
103
54
346
296
50
52
45
7
77
17
60
71
14
57
116
21
10
11
2
1
1
20
19
173
172
1
1
3
141
27
114
132
18
114
9
and
over
189
189
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C l e a n e r s ------------------------------ 1 ,8 0 0
* D a y w o r k -------------------397
N i g h t w o r k ----------------- 1 ,4 0 3
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y ________
823
D a y w o r k _____________
149
N i g h t w o r k ___________
674
C l e a n e r s , l i g h t 3-----------977
N i g h t w o r k ----------------729
W a x e r s , f lo o r ______________
220
W indow w a s h e r s ___________
134
22.0
25 .0
2 8 .0
28 .5
27.5
2 1 .5
22 .5
23 .0
37.5
2.49
2.67
2.45
2.68
2.9 0
2 .6 3
2.2 8
2 .2 4
2.7 0
4 .7 6
2
"
“
-
-
2
2
2
-
-
4
4
4
4
-
2
2
-
9
9
1
-
2
2
1
8
8
-
-
19
2
2
17
3
26
9
2
1
2
16
16
-
7
19
19
-
-
1
6
12
19
93
70
148
51
51
12
12
-
6
_5
-
'
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s ____________________
D a y w o r k _____________
N i g h t w o r k ___________
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y 3 ______
N i g h t w o r k ___________
C l e a n e r s , l i g h t _________
D a y w o r k _____________
N i g h t w o r k ___________
W a x e r s , f l o o r ______________
12
199
149
1 ,4 5 4
268
1 , 186
47
39
1 ,4 0 7
260
1, 147
39
28.1
33.5
27 .0
25 .5
27 .0
28.1
33.5
27 .0
26.5
6 4 .5 0
7 0 .0 0
6 3 .5 0
6 7 .0 0
71 .0 0
6 4 .0 0
6 9 .5 0
6 3 .0 0
72 .0 0
2.29
2.0 8
2.35
-
30
30
-
10
10
30
30
-
-
-
10
10
4
12
-
2
2
12
-
4
12
-
2
2
12
-
2
1
1
126
47
79
7
_
7
9
9
116
30
7
23
60
9
51
2
1
1
126
7
_
7
9
9
142
26
116
30
7
23
60
9
51
2.62
2.62
2.28
2.07
2.3 4
2 .7 3
142
26
31
47
79
10
2
8
491
291
_
884
2
6
3
3
41
54
102
11
1
9
782
30
29
53
9
883
22
12
45
22
102
4
9
781
8
31
1
1
12
104
112
12
100
4
4
172
1
2
3
1
2
19
10
3
~
22
_
-
20 2
299
8
45
11
1
11
1
1
1
7
7
4
12
2
4
39
2 T h e D e t r o i t S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o lita n S t a ti s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of M a c o m b , O a k la n d , a n d W ay n e C o u n tie s .
...
E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r tim e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o l id a y s , b u t i n c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o rk , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e o b ta in e d bv
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s
o b ta ^ d by
I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c la s s if i c a t io n in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
n o u r iy r a t e s .
W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo llo w s : 83 a t $ 4 .6 0 to $4 .8 0 ; 19 a t $ 4 .8 0 to $5; a n d 22 a t $5 to $ 5 .2 0 .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o rk e d w e r e ro u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
T a b le 16. O c c u p a tio n a l ea rn in g s : Los A n g e le s —Long B e a c h and A n a h e im —S a n ta A n a —G a rd e n G ro ve, C a lif.
{ A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 o f s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
A ver age
w e e k ly
of
w o rk - h o u rs
e rs
w o rk e d
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s tr a i g h t - ■time h o u r ly e a r n i n g s ofA ver - A ver age
age
$1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $2 . 0 0 $2 . 1 0 $2 . 2 0 $2.30 $ 2 .40 $2.50 $2.60 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $ 3 .4 0 ' $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80
w e e k ly h o u r ly
and
e a rn in g s 2 in g s 2
$1 .7 0 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $2 . 1 0 $2 . 2 0 $2 .3 0 $2.40 $ 2 .50 $2.60 $2.70 $2 .8 0 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 o v e r
10,155
8 ,2 7 7
1,878
31.5
31 .5
3 1 .0
$ 8 9 .5 0
91 .5 0
7 9 .5 0
$2 . 8 6
2 .9 3
2 .5 4
5 ,0 2 4
737
4 ,2 8 7
3 ,8 2 9
5 34
3,2 95
1,195
203
992
451
857
83
2 9 .0
3 6 .5
2 8 .0
3 0 .0
3 6 .0
2 9 .9
2 5 .5
36 .5
2 3 .5
39.5
33 .5
3 6 .0
7 8 .5 0
7 4 .5 0
8 3 .0 0
1 0 7 .5 0
7 9 .0 0
6 4 .5 0
8 3 .5 0
6 0 .5 0
1 3 5 .0 0
9 7 .5 0
1 4 9 .5 0
1,652
515
1 ,137
3 1 .0
3 2 .0
3 0 .5
144
1 ,508
515
993
3 4 .0
3 1 .0
3 2 .0
3 0 .0
N um -
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s ____
M e n ___________________
W om en
. ..
98
75
55
65
45
72
7
7
-
243
207
36
2 .7 0
2 .7 9
2 .6 9
2 .7 6
2 .9 9
2.7 1
2.51
2 .2 7
2 .5 9
3.43
2 .9 0
4 .1 5
18
18
18
18
-
-
171
18
153
153
153
18
18
-
7 8 .0 0
7 3 .5 0
8 0 .5 0
2.5 2
2.31
2.62
72
72
-
-
36
36
-
18
18
9
9
-
19
18
8 9 .5 0
7 7 .0 0
7 3 .5 0
7 9 .0 0
2 .6 4
2.51
2.31
2.61
72
72
-
36
36
18
18
9
9
19
18
32 6
20
101
92
9
20
346
269
77
300
257
43
333
244
89
224
192
32
138
15
123
85
4
81
53
248
29
21 9
223
9
2 14
25
204
26
178
117
14
103
87
11
20
12
42
5
-
21
118
5
113
89
5
84
29
29
15
554
366
188
407
318
89
1238
386
852
1366
1275
91
2119
1940
179
649
635
14
659
631
28
193
193
-
335
326
9
2 61
2 60
1
100
88
12
57
57
-
132
132
-
41
41
-
55
55
-
197
180
17
285
17
192
69
123
80
51
29
345
38
307
91
29
62
25 4
9
245
1105
32
1073
1391
20 4
1187
1277
156
106
79
27
169
60
109
151
60
91
18
62
44
18
44
44
18
102
6
118
9
109
109
9
8
6
2
8
6
2
16
12
6
4
9
3
16
12
100
6
9
_
-
9
3
47
49
49
18
31
31
18
13
18
-
-
4
-
14
14
14
14
-
18
95
18
25
18
15
-
-
12
22
-
49
43
9
9
34
6
-
-
-
19
-
2
6
2
-
20
51
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s ----m e n
C l e a n e r s . ________________
D a y w o r k __________
N i g h t w o r k _________
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y _____
D a y w o r k __________
N i g h t w o r k _________
C l e a n e r s , l i g h t ______
D a y w o r k __________
N i g h t w o r k _________
E x t e r m i n a t o r s __________
W a x e r s , f l o o r ___________
W indow w a s h e r s _________
101.00
32
9
23
23
23
9
9
2
86
38
-
20
86
86
18
86
-
-
20
2
18
18
18
-
21
75
2 68
41
8
33
244
9
235
2
2
112
18
94
42
8
2
-
1021
28
993
84
4
80
10
66
1121
114
48
66
438
88
70
18
18
9
9
7
328
96
53
6
2
22
-
42
-
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s _________________
D a y w o r k ___________
N i g h t w o r k ------------C le a n e rs , heavy
( a l l n i g h tw o r k ) _____
C l e a n e r s , l i g h t ______
D a y w o r k ---------------N i g h t w o r k _________
1
1
50
31
19
22
11
33
16
34
31
3
22
11
33
65
26
39
24
24
-
179
31
148
68
66
2
840
119
721
-
24
24
179
31
148
68
66
2
840
119
721
65
26
39
61
8
53
50
11
8
3
155
49
106
3
3
-
1
1
-
2
_
_
_
_
-
-
17
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
78
77
49
28
3
3
1
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
1 T h e L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h a n d A n a h e in > -S a n ta A na—G a r d e n G ro v e S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s c o n s i s t of L o s A n g e le s a n d O r a n g e C o u n tie s .
2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s an d h o l id a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y .
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r i n d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e .
3 I n c lu d e s 2 w o r k e r s a t $ 1 .6 0 to $ 1 .6 5 .
N O T E : A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
17
17
o b ta in e d by
T a b le 17. O c c u p a tio n a l earn ing s: L ou isville, K y .— Ind.1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
t
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s ----------M e n --------------------------------W o m e n --------------------- ------
N um A v e r
ber
age
w e e k ly
of
w o rk h o u rs
e rs
w o rk e d
794
617
177
26.0
2 7 .5
21.0
A v er
age
w e e k ly
e a rn
in g s 2
A v erage
$ 1 .6 0 $1.65
h o u r ly
and
e a rn
under
in g s 2
$ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .70
$ 5 4 .5 0 $ 2 .0 8
" 6 0 .0 0
2.16
35 .5 0
1.70
178
102
76
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - ti m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
$ 1 .7 0
$ 1 .7 5
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0
$ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 . 6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $3.0 0 $3.2 0 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20
$ 1 .7 5
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5
a nd
$ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 . 6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $2.8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $3.2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $3.6 0 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 o v e r
44
29
15
138
91
47
105
95
25
81
81
-
81
81
"
53
39
14
22
26
21
5
5
80
80
_
33
14
80
80
4
32
30
-
10
27
4
4
"
61
57
4
14
14
-
10
10
3
3
-
11
11
-
42
3
39
4
4
38
35
-
11
35
35
-
6
6
11
10
1
10
13
_
_
_
1
1
11
-
22
-
-
7
6
1
7
7
2
2
14
14
33
33
1
1
_
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
1
-
-
3
3
12
12
2
4 12
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C l e a n e r s -----------------------------D a y w o r k -------------------N i g h t w o r k ___________
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y . --------N i g h t w o r k ----------------C l e a n e r s , lig h t 3-----------N i g h t w o r k ----------------E x t e r m i n a t o r s _____________
459
43
416
35
11
424
405
63
2 5 .5
4 3 .0
2 4 .0
4 1 .5
2 6 .0
2 4 .5
2 4 .0
4 1 .5
4 9 .5 0
1 1 1 .0 0
4 3 .0 0
106.50
5 0 .5 0
4 4 .5 0
4 3 .0 0
128.50
1.93
2.59
1.80
2.56
1.94
1.84
1.80
3.1 2
100
-
2
100
23
-
_
100
100
_
25
23
-
_
_
2
31
1
1
15
3
-
-
-
14
3
3
15
_
_
15
15
-
3
11
11
-
1
1
2
2
-
11
1
1
10
10
10
2
8
3
_
3
10
8
1
1
2
2
-
-
-
_
_
10
3
2
3
_
5
4
4
_
4
_
-
_
_
_
_
7
2
2
_
2
_
-
8
4
4
2
4
4
4
6
4
5
5
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
oc c u p a ti on s— w o m e n
C l e a n e r s 3 --------------------------C l e a n e r s , lig h t,
n i g h t w o r k --------------------
177
21.0
35.50
1.70
76
15
47
10
14
5
5
176
21.0
3 5 .50
1.70
76
15
47
10
14
5
5
.
4
1
3
1
‘
* T h e L o u i s v il le S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o lita n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of J e f f e r s o n C o u n ty , K y .; a n d C l a r k a n d F lo y d C o u n tie s , In d .
E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e o b ta in e d by
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c if ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
I n c l u d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te l y .
4 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo llo w s :
2 a t $ 4 .4 0 to $ 4 .6 0 ; 2 a t $ 4 .6 0 to $ 4 .8 0 ; 4 a t $ 4 .8 0 to $5; a n d 4 a t $5 to $ 5 .2 0 .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o rk e d w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
T a b le 18. O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s: M e m p h is , T e n n .- A r k .1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s _____
M e n ____________________
W o m e n -------------------------
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
N um - A v e r- A v e r- A v erage
age
age
ber
$ 1 .6 0 $1 .6 5 $1.70 $1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $2760 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 . 9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $4.6 0
w e e k ly w e e k ly h o u r ly U n d e r a n d
of
and
w o r k h o u r s e a r n e a r n $ 1 .6 0
e r s ■w o r k e d in g s 123 in g s 2
$ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $1.75 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 o v e r
19
9
6
5
8
1
1
2
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
-
-
2
1
-
-
1
1
6
3
4
15
1
2
2
7
4
2
2
1
4
4
4
4
-
-
13
9
3
3
3
3
2
10
1
1
6
2
16
-
10
2
10
2
3
4
3
1
3
4
3
1
30
5
25
5
24
4
1.73
1.91
4
4
1.79
1.93
3.10
2
247
81
-
8
6
2
2
2.12
1
3
2
1
328
17
326
16
21 .5
31.0
21 .5
31 .0
3 5 .5 0
5 1 .5 0
3 5 .5 0
5 1 .5 0
1 .66
1.6 6
1 .66
1 .66
7
239
9
237
28
3
28
3
14
3
14
3
9
9
12
1
11
50
3
47
3 6 .5 0
6 3 .0 0
3 2 .5 0
4 5 .5 0
7 0 .5 0
12 1 .5 0
4 4 .0 0
10
10
32
15
17
17
13
259
2 1 .5
3 3 .0
19.5
25 .5
36 .5
3 9 .0
2 0 .5
13
13
3
45
35
459
62
397
152
50
73
48
5
5
11
10
1
44
28
16
12
7
7
11
8
51
37
14
$ 4 4 .5 0 $ 1 .9 3
2.0 6
4 9 .5 0
1. 66
3 5 .5 0
14
14
53
49
4
80
52
28
2 3 .0
2 4 .0
2 1 .5
5
7
19
16
3
504
265
239
948
620
328
10
6
6
15
15
8
7
9
9
4
3
4
4
7
7
1. 68
12
20
9
3
3
5
9
3
.
.
1
■
“
3
"
2
1
2
2
6
1
3
.
.
1
_
1
"
■
1
"
1
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s----w o m e n
C l e a n e r s 3 ------------------------D a y w o r k ----------------C l e a n e r s , l ig h t 3--------D a y w o r k -----------------
-
7
8
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
"
3
~
"
“
~
6
1
_
_
_
'
~
“
~
~
"
■
■
“
"
1
1
2
2
_
~
“
_
1
-
1
1 T he M e m p h is S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of Sh elb y C o u n ty , T e n n .; a n d C r i tt e n d e n C o u n ty , A r k .
_
_
.
2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o l id a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y .
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e o b ta in e d
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s .
W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c if ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r i n d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a . e s .
3 I n c lu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a te l y .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
4
3
1
■
9
5
7
1
1
1
1
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C l e a n e r s 3 ------------------------D a y w o r k ----------------N ig h tw o r k --------------C l e a n e r s , h e a v y 3 ------D a y w o r k ----------------E x t e r m i n a t o r s ----------------W a x e r s , f lo o r ------------------
2
2
y
T a b le 19. O c c u p a tio n a l ea rn in g s: M iam i, F la .1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
N um O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A v e r-
A v e r- A v e r-
w e e k ly w e e k ly h o u rly
of
w o rk - h o u rs e a rn - e a rn - U J
$ 1 .6 0
e r s w o rk e d in g s 12 m g s 2
A l l s e r v i c e w o r k e r s _______ 1, 562
M e n _____________________ 1, 196
W o m e n __________________
366
2 9 .5
32 .0
2 1 .5
$ 6 4 .5 0 $2.18
7 1 .5 0 : 2.25
4 0 .0 0
1 .8 6
26.0
4 7 .0 0
58 .5 0
4 4 .5 0
4 5 .5 0
54 .5 0
4 2 .5 0
4 9 .0 0
6 3 .5 0
4 6 .0 0
119.50
1.77
1.76
1.77
2.97
4 0 .0 0
5 4 .0 0
3 7 .50
4 0 .5 0
5 4 .0 0
3 7 .50
1.85
1.78
1.87
1.80
1.78
1.81
20
9
11
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - ti m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
$ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $3.4 0 $3.6 0 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.4 0 $4.60
and
$ 1 .65 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60
283
177
106
25
170
35
135
60
10
2
8
12
48
131
83
48
239
203
36
95
5
70
24
46
56
1
42
31
242
216
29
68
27
11
26
182
33
149
42
54
15
39
46
21
106
22
11
11
_
4
5
34
14
31
140
35
8
20
1
1
2
12
22
4
4
1
10
15
21
12
17
49
36
13
9
16
-
108
80
28
17
17
-
43
40
3
5
5
2
6
12
1
3
5
5
5
5
2
2
6
12
12
1
1
2
3
3
12
1
12
16
-
35
35
-
_
_
_
_
22
22
57
51
21
21
6
-
30
27
3
4
4
-
10
7
3
3
3
2
2
6
6
over
12
8
4
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C l e a n e r s ___________________
D a y w o r k _____________
N i g h t w o r k ___________
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y ________
D a y w o r k _____________
N i g h t w o r k ___________
C l e a n e r s , l i g h t _________
D a y w o r k _____________
N ig h tw o r k ___________
E x t e r m i n a t o r s _____________
663
135
528
309
73
236
354
62
292
217
32 .0
24 .5
2 4 .0
2 9 .0
22 .5
27 .5
3 6 .0
26.0
4 0 .0
1.82
1.82
1.82
1 .88
1.89
1.8 8
9
_
9
-
_
_
9
9
110
23
87
4
118
_
21
20
20
86
40
10
30
5
5
3
3
3
3
1
6
3
_
6
6
_
1
_
6
66
10
1
56
1
2
-
3
8
6
19
9
33
22
34
38
_
_
6
3
3
3
3
3
_
_
_
_
6
3
3
3
3
3
"
10
25
3
3
-
2
-
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s 3 --------------------------D a y w o r k _____________
N ig h tw o r k ___________
C l e a n e r s , l i g h t ------------D a y w o r k _____________
N i g h t w o r k ___________
360
53
307
318
53
265
2 1 .5
30.5
20.0
2 2 .5
30.5
2 0 .5
11
1
10
11
1
10
106
3
103
106
3
103
15
2
13
15
2
13
48
25
23
48
25
23
35
4
31
32
4
28
27
8
19
27
11
1
10
5
8
1
19
4
22
5
17
19
5
14
17
3
14
11
3
8
13
9
13
13
9
3
_
_
27
19
13
3
“
18
28
3
1
1
3
3
-
3
1 T h e M ia m i S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a ti s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s
of D ad e C o u n ty .
2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o l id a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y .
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c if ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d in g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
3 I n c lu d e s w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o rk e d w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
-
"
w e r e o b ta in e d by
T a b le 2 0 . O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s : M ilw a u k e e , W is .1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s ___
M e n _________________
W o m e n ______________
N um
ber
of
w o rk
e rs
A ver age
w e e k ly
hour s
w o rk e d
A ver age
w e e k ly
e a rn in g s 1234
A ver N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s ofage
$ 1 .6 0 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $ 1 .90 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $2 . 2 0 $ 2 .30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.3 0 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70
h o u r ly
e a rn
and
under
in g s 2
$1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $ 1 .90 $1.95 $2 . 0 0 $2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2 .6 0 $2.70 $2 .8 0 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 o v e r
$ 6 4 .0 0 $ 2 .3 4
6 9 .0 0 2 .4 6
4 7 .5 0
1 .8 8
1,521
1,181
340
2 7 .5
2 8 .0
2 5 .5
838
26
812
21 9
207
619
14
605
2 5 .0
38 .0
2 4 .5
2 6 .5
2 5 .5
2 4 .5
3 6 .0
2 4 .0
4 8 .0 0
5 6 .5 0
5 4 .5 0
4 6 .5 0
8 4 .0 0
4 5 .5 0
340
336
2 5 .5
2 5 .5
4 7 .5 0
4 7 .5 0
119
3 98
21
38
26
12
104
74
30
139
94
45
108
68
40
79
54
25
90
41
49
54
59
23
36
277
214
63
38
37
1
74
66
8
26
26
29
19
24
24
4
4
11
11
14
14
2
2
2
-
2
-
-
5
6
-
2
2
2
2
2
-
2
2
-
2
15
15
17
17
30
30
2
2
-
-
1
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
1
-
100
100
41
41
7
7
76
76
10
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s ----m e n
C l e a n e r s ________________
D a y w o r k _________
N i g h t w o r k _______
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y 4 __
N i g h t w o r k _______
C l e a n e r s , l i g h t _____
D a y w o r k _________
N i g h t w o r k _______
4 9 .0 0
88.00
40
23
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
92
26
74
66
11
11
12
12
16
16
14
58
47
38
3
3
37
1
22
6
3 81
14
14
52
53
7
1.91
2 .3 3
1.90
93
13
13
80
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
81
14
58
80
52
47
35
1.88
1 .8 8
21
21
12
12
30
30
45
44
40
40
25
23
49
48
1.97
2 .3 0
1.95
2 .1 3
2.11
3 92
26
74
93
66
6
10
-
36
25
25
17
189
36
31
163
5
158
11
65
5
60
34
32
31
3
28
36
36
63
63
1
1
8
8
5
17
199
36
11
-
18
7
2
7
-
-
18
1
6
2
1
-
13
13
13
2
2
2
1
6
13
-
12
12
6
5
-
-
-
-
6
5
7
7
5
3
2
2
-
2
-
1
2
6
-
-
-
1
1
1
2
6
-
-
-
2
6
-
-
2
6
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s ( a ll l i g h t ) 4 ___
N i g h t w o r k ________
10
10
1 T h e M ilw a u k e e S t a n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of M ilw a u k e e , O z a u k e e , W a s h in g to n , a n d W a u k e s h a C o u n tie s .
2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s a n d h o l id a y s , b u t i n c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y .
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s .
W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e .
3 I n c lu d e s 2 w o r k e r s a t $1 .4 0 to $ 1 .4 5 a n d 2 a t $1.55 to $1 .6 0 .
4 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
o b ta in e d by
T a b le 21. O c c u p a tio n a l ea rn in g s: M in n e a p o lis —S t. P au l, M in n .1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
■'
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
N um A v e r A v e r A v erN u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - ti m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
age
age
ber
age
$ 1 .8 0 $1.85 $ 1. 9 0 J U 9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $3.20 $ 3 .3 0 $3.4 0 $3.5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $3.70 $3.8 0 $3.90 $4.00 $4.10
o f w e e k ly w e e k ly h o u r ly
and
w o rk h o u rs
e a rn e a rn and
under
e r s w o rk e d in g s 2 in g s 2
$ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .90 $1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 . 9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $3.80 $3.9 0 $4.00 $4.10 o v e r
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s _______ 2, 240
M e n --------------------- ----------- 1 ,9 3 0
W om en
310
23.5
2 4 .0
20 .5
$ 6 4 .5 0 $ 2 .75
6 7 .5 0 2.81
4 7 .5 0 2 .3 4
22 .5
35.5
22.5
31.0
4 1 .5
31.0
18.5
31.0
18.0
32.0
36.5
60 .5 0
103.00
59 .5 0
94 .5 0
131.50
9 4 .0 0
4 3 .0 0
8 1 .5 0
4 2 .5 0
2 .3 4
3.50
3.91
23
_
142.00
20.5
4 7 .5 0
4 6 .5 0
4 7 .5 0
4 6 .5 0
2.3 4
2.3 2
2 .3 4
2.33
25
3 23
2
23
17
6
24
22
2
38
38
326
247
79
100
243
89
89
13
13
76
93
7
144
127
17
165 154
151 61
14 93
123
136
2
121
134
280
192
204
204
211
209
50
50
25
25
90
90
28
28
172
172
27
27
21
21
25
25
30
30
30
_
30
23
23
23
_
23
85
25
_
25
25
_
25
152
4
148
150
4
146
22
2
20
22
2
20
11
75
70
11
11
6
6
32
32
10
1
6
3
9
6
6
3
3
6
3
14
14
35
35
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
21
21
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
20
_
2
-
9
2
88
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C l e a n e r s -----------------------------D a y w o r k _____________
N i g h t w o r k ___________
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y ________
D a y w o r k _____________
N i g h t w o r k ___________
C l e a n e r s , l i g h t _________
D a y w o r k _____________
N i g h t w o r k ___________
W a x e r s , f lo o r ______________
W indow w a s h e r s ___________
1, 724
35
1 ,6 8 9
573
15
558
1, 151
20
1, 131
18
63
112.00
2.67
2.8 9
2.66
3.05
3.17
3.0 4
2.35
3 23
23
3 23
17
17
17
22
22
22
38
38
4
4
34
2.62
22
-
17
-
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
6
2
2
2
2
-
34
-
-
-
1
242
20
20
223
1
222
2
10
9
9
114
10
126
2
112
2
124
-
61
61
5
5
56
192
204
5
187
16
16
1 76
5
171
6
198
_
76
_
-
-
-
"
-
-
7
17
17
17
17
14
14
14
14
93
91
93
91
88
80
88
80
_
_ 56_
_
7
7
197
6
191
_
-
209
2
207
139
_
139
70
2
68
10
8
62
_
2
_
_
2
1
-
-
-
-
13
_
10
1
11
9
2
15
_
_
_
3
2
2
_
_
2
_
_
3
3
_
_
1
2
-
18
4 12
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C lean ers
®
.. ...
N ightw ork
C l e a n e r s , light®
N ightw ork
308
297
304
293
20.0
20 .5
20.0
79
79
79
79
6
3
2
1 T he M in n e a p o lis ^ S t. P a u l S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o lita n S t a ti s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of A n o k a , D a k o ta , H e n n e p in , R a m s e y , a n d W a sh in g to n C o u n tie s .
E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o l id a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e o b ta in e d by
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s .
W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c if ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r i n d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
3 I n c l u d e s 2 w o r k e r s a t $ 1 .7 5 to $ 1 .8 0 .
4 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo llo w s :
8 a t $ 4 .1 0 to $ 4 .2 0 ; 2 a t $ 4 .2 0 to $ 4 .3 0 ; a n d 2 a t $ 4 .7 0 to $ 4 .8 0 .
5 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c la s s if i c a t io n in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o rk e d w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l la r .
T a b le 2 2 . O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s : N e w a rk and J e rs e y C ity, N.d.
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s ------M e n ___________________
W o m e n ------------------------
N um ber
of
w o rk
e rs
A v e r- A v e rage
age
w e e k ly w e e k ly
hour s e a rn
w o r k e d in g s 12
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
A v erage
$ 1 .6 0 $1 .65 $ 1 .70 $1.75 $1 .80 $1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $3740 $ 3 .6 0 $3.80 $4.0 0 $4.2 0
h o u r ly
and
e a rn under
in g s 2
$ 1 .6 5 $1 .70 $1 .7 5 $ 1 .80 $1 .85 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $2 .70 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $4.00 $4.2 0 o v e r
5, 668
4, 074
1, 594
3 0 .0
31 .5
2 5 .5
$ 7 3 .0 0
8 0 .0 0
5 5 .5 0
$ 2 .4 4
2.5 2
2.1 6
83
42
41
3, 245
552
2, 693
2, 226
190
2, 036
1, 019
362
657
165
82
3 0 .0
3 8 .0
28 .5
2 9 .5
37 .0
2 8 .5
31.5
38 .5
27 .5
33 .0
4 2 .5
6 9 .0 0
8 8 .0 0
6 5 .0 0
6 8 .5 0
9 3 .5 0
6 6 .5 0
6 9 .5 0
8 5 .0 0
6 1 .0 0
8 3 .5 0
14 2 .0 0
2.29
2 .3 0
2.29
2 .3 3
2.51
2.30
2.2 2
2.2 0
2 .2 3
2.4 8
3.36
42
8
34
8
1, 577
233
1, 344
173
1 ,4 0 4
163
1 ,2 4 1
2 5 .5
33.5
2 4 .5
2 5 .5
2 5 .5
3 2 .5
2 5 .0
5 5 .5 0
7 5 .5 0
5 2 .0 0
6 1 .5 0
5 4 .5 0
7 0 .0 0
5 2 .5 0
2.15
2.2 6
2 .1 3
2.4 2
2.1 2
2.16
2.12
41
4
37
1
40
4
36
3
2
1
63
7
56
59
40
19
1 19
33
86
131
78
53
192
109
83
79
41
38
1106
694
412
651
433
218
915
626
289
226
194
32
306
262
44
676
547
129
270
204
66
196
182
14
89
87
2
44
44
2
7
1
6
1
40
33
3
30
31
1
30
2
2
-
78
10
68
57
57
21
10
11
-
.109
1
108
104
104
5
1
4
-
41
10
31
25
25
16
10
6
-
670
24
646
410
10
400
260
14
246
7
430
60
370
312
15
297
118
45
73
2
578
241
337
255
6
249
323
235
88
38
172
28
144
153
9
144
19
19
-
234
16
218
186
13
173
48
3
45
22
481
113
368
421
99
322
60
14
46
42
120
3
117
110
3
107
10
139
28
111
69
28
41
70
10
10
8
8
2
8
6
2
7
6
1
1
10
22
70
23
2
2
1
1
86
3
83
53
5
48
83
2
81
3
80
2
78
38
412
52
360
46
366
44
322
218
44
174
13
205
36
169
288
32
256
25
263
30
233
26
6
20
4
22
6
16
44
16
28
5
39
16
23
127
15
112
18
109
9
100
63
45
18
47
16
14
1
13
2
12
-
-
-
-
16
12
86
83
3
48
47
1
27
27
61
60
1
31
30
1
-
-
22
22
42
42
143
138
5
-
10
10
10
10
25
25
25
25
-
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — m en
C l e a n e r s -------------------------D a y w o r k ---------------N i g h t w o r k _________
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y -------D a y w o r k ---------------N i g h t w o r k ------------C l e a n e r s , l i g h t ---------D a y w o r k ---------------N i g h t w o r k _________
W a x e r s , f lo o r ----------------W indow w a s h e r s -------------
_
_
2
_
_
-
-
8
34
8
26
2
1
6
1
5
.
_
-
1
56
8
48
2
-
.
40
23
23
17
_
17
-
-
13
3
-
-
-
13
11
11
2
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
6
22
3
23
-
23
5
6
2
1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s ----w o m e n
C l e a n e r s _________________
D a y w o r k ---------------N ig h t w o r k ------------C l e a n e r s , h e a v y -------C l e a n e r s , l i g h t --------D a y w o r k ---------------N i g h t w o r k -------------
-
1
1
-
-
56
8
48
19
-
19
3
16
-
16
-
-
86
3
83
53
5
48
-
38
-
38
-
38
5
3
3
1 T he N e w a rk a n d J e r s e y C ity S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o lita n S t a ti s t i c a l A r e a s c o n s i s t of E s s e x , H u d so n , M o r r i s , a n d U n io n C o u n tie s .
2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o rk , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e o b ta in e d by
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c if ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r i n d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s . A p p r o x im a te ly
98 p e r c e n t of th e s e r v i c e w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y th e s tu d y w e r e p a id on a tim e b a s i s .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
T a b le 2 3 . O c c u p a tio n a l earn ing s: N e w O rlea n s , La.
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A l l s e r v i c e w o r k e r s --------M e n ------------------------------W o m e n --------------------------
N um
ber
of
w o rk
e rs
A v e r
age
w e e k ly
h o u rs
w o rk e d
1 ,7 8 4
1, 389
395
22.0
23.0
19.0
$ 4 2 .0 0
4 4 .5 0
34.00
$ 1 .90
1.93
1.77
358
307
51
3,83
244
139
974
37
937
410
34
376
564
561
136
223
21.0
36.0
20.0
19.5
36.0
18.0
21.5
21.5
39.5
18.5
37.50
70 .5 0
36 .0 0
34 .5 0
7 1 .0 0
31.50
38 .0 0
38.00
107.50
32 .5 0
1.76
1.96
1.75
1.77
1.97
1.74
1.75
1.75
2.71
1.78
266
7
259
123
7
116
143
143
41
393
391
350
349
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
34.00
34 .0 0
34 .0 0
34 .5 0
1.77
1.76
1.78
1.78
51
51
40
40
A v er
age
w e e k ly
e a rn
in g s 2
A v e rage
h o u r ly
e a rn
in g s 2
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
$1.60 $ 1 .65
and
under
$1.65 $ 1 .7 0
$ 1 .7 0
$1 .7 5
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1 .9 0
$ 1 .9 5
$ 2 .0 0
$ 2 .1 0
$ 2 .2 0
$ 2 .3 0
$ 2 .4 0
$2.50 $2.60 $2.7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $2.9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40
$ 1 .7 5
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1 .9 0
$ 1 .9 5
$ 2 .0 0
$ 2 .1 0
$ 2 .2 0
$ 2 .3 0
$ 2 .4 0
$ 2 .5 0
$2.6 0 $2.7 0 $2.8 0 $2.90 $3.0 0 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40
356
261
95
127
121
6
74
70
4
41
34
7
18
13
5
18
15
3
165
103
62
36
27
9
22
14
8
36
36
-
18
17
1
24
23
1
21
20
1
18
17
1
32
32
-
12
12
-
8
8
-
229
229
23
23
206
206
14
177
2
175
151
1
150
26
25
52
76
3
73
19
3
16
57
57
44
45
5
40
31
5
26
14
14
25
22
3
19
19
3
16
3
3
12
10
10
5
5
5
5
1
9
9
2
2
7
7
6
70
5
65
15
3
12
55
53
4
22
24
24
2
2
22
22
-
11
4
7
7
4
3
4
4
1
5
5
1
1
4
4
23
2
4
1
3
1
1
3
3
10
1
12
3
9
4
3
1
8
8
10
1
8
4
4
7
4
3
1
1
12
"
1
1
1
1
16
-
_
32
"
_
12
-
1
1
1
1
7
-
2
-
139
139
118
118
95
94
86
85
6
6
6
6
4
4
4
4
7
7
6
6
5
5
5
5
3
3
3
3
60
59
59
59
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
a nd
2
2
over
5
5
-
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
-
2
-
3
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
6
1
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C l e a n e r s ----------------------------D a y w o r k -----------------N i g h t w o r k ---------------C l e a n e r s , h e a v y ----------D a y w o r k ------------------N i g h t w o r k ---------------C l e a n e r s , l ig h t 3----------N i g h t w o r k ---------------E x t e r m i n a t o r s -----------------W a x e r s , f lo o r --------------------
_
_
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s 3-------------------------N i g h t w o r k ---------------C l e a n e r s , l ig h t 3----------N ig h tw o r k ----------------
_
-
_
_
T h e N ew O r l e a n s S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o lita n S t a ti s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of J e f f e r s o n , O r l e a n s , St. B e r n a r d , a n d S t. T a m m a n y P a r i s h e s .
2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o rk , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e o b ta in e d by
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c if ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d in g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
3 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c la s s if i c a t io n in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o rk e d w e r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
T a b le 2 4 . O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s : N e w Y o rk , N .Y .1
(A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s ____
M e n ----------------------------W o m e n _______________
N um A v e r A v e r A v erN u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s tr a i g h t - ■time h o u r ly e a r n i n g s ofber
age
age
age
$ 1 .8 0 $1.85 $ 1 .9 0 $1.95 $ 2 .0 0 $2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $4.4 0 $ 4 T 0 $ 4 .8 0
w e e k ly w e e k ly h o u r ly
of
and
w o rk h o u rs
e a rn e a rn
and
w o r k e d in g s 2 in g s 2 u n d e r
e rs
$ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $1 .9 5 $ 2 .00 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $4.6 0 $4.8 0 o v e r
3 6 ,3 4 3
2 4 ,2 0 0
1 2 ,1 4 3
3 4 .0
3 6 .0
29 .5
$ 1 0 6 .5 0 $3 .1 5
1 1 9 .0 0
3.31
8 2 .5 0
2.77
1 6 ,1 6 0
2, 218
13, 942
1 5 ,4 8 3
2, 044
13, 439
677
174
503
988
1 ,6 1 5
1 ,8 1 7
3 4 .0
38 .0
33 .5
34 .0
38 .0
33 .5
3 1 .0
4 0 .0
2 7 .5
4 0 .0
3 7 .0
39.5
10 3 .0 0
11 5 .0 0
1 0 1.00
1 0 3.50
1 1 4 .0 0
10 2 .0 0
8 9 .0 0
12 7 .0 0
7 6 .0 0
13 9 .0 0
11 6 .5 0
1 7 2.50
3.0 4
3.03
3 .0 4
3.05
3.02
3.05
2.8 8
3.16
2 .7 4
3.47
3.16
4.3 5
1 1 ,9 2 3
544
1 1 ,3 7 9
1 1 ,8 2 6
447
1 1 ,3 7 9
2 9 .5
31 .5
2 9 .5
29 .5
31.5
2 9 .5
8 2 .0 0
9 2 .5 0
8 1 .5 0
8 1 .5 0
8 9 .0 0
8 1 .5 0
2.7 7
2.93
2.76
2.76
2.8 3
2.76
27
27
93
52
41
44
34
10
9
6
3
1437
1004
433
486
286
200
1347 727
1185 644
162
83
696
538
158
619
498
121
386
256
130
719
346
373
10423
360
10063
501
445
56
1444
1416
28
5535
5504
49
5535
5490
45
870
731
139
1557
1531
26
267
248
19
267
263
4
116
116
-
_
-
52
3
49
52
3
49
-
4
4
4
4
-
6
6
6
6
-
947
48
899
709
48
661
238
284
14
270
281
14
267
3
1135
193
942
1131
193
938
4
427
88
339
423
88
335
4
167
7
160
163
3
160
4
4
47
-
306
126
180
299
124
175
7
2
5
2
3
-
289
29
260
255
29
226
34
34
3
21
-
341
341
341
341
7
15
-
1213 4417
95
407
1118 4 0 1 0
1164 4305
56
371
1108 3934
112
49
36
39
10
76
1
3
23
994
1
-
4571
836
3735
4481
779
3702
90
57
33
_
425
-
646
246
400
574
224
350
72
22
50
_
5
-
259
19
240
227
14
213
32
5
27
908
9
5
79
3
76
78
2
76
1
1
_
53
5
2
138
_
138
138
_
138
_
_
_
_
17
5
12
17
5
12
_
_
_
5
1
_
1
1
_
1
_
_
_
_
1
_
1
1
_
1
_
_
_
5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
13
20
1199
372
108
97
125
7
118
125
7
118
336
12
324
335
11
324
9997
370
9627
9997
370
9627
49
3
46
49
3
46
27
16
11
27
16
11
125
96
29
35
6
29
14
6
8
8
9
_
9
9
4
_
4
4
_
_ _
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
8
9
4
-
-
"
"
-
1412 913
1412 913
-
222
222
-
673
673
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C l e a n e r s -------------------------D a y w o r k __________
N i g h t w o r k _________
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y ____
D a y w o r k ---------------N i g h t w o r k ------------C l e a n e r s , l i g h t ........—
D a y w o rk __________
N i g h t w o r k _________
E x te r m i n a t o r s ----------------W a x e r s , f l o o r ----------------W indow w a s h e r s _________
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
41
41
41
10
10
10
41
10
_
-
47 3
28
445
456
28
428
17
238
5
-
3
1
-
4
2
~
17
1
-
4
32
-
387
71
316
377
63
314
10
8
2
1
27
-
433
2
431
433
2
431
200
200
200
153
3
150
153
3
150
83
4
79
83
4
79
147
6
141
147
6
141
119
3
116
119
3
116
_
_
_ _
_
_
_
_
_
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s 3-------------------------D a y w o rk ----------------N i g h t w o r k _________
C l e a n e r s , l i g h t ----------Fla yvt/nrk
N i g h t w o r k ---------------
3
-
3
3
3
200
15
15
15
15
33
16
17
33
16
17
1 T h e N ew Y o rk S t a n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a ti s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of N ew Y o rk C ity ( B r o n x , K in g s , N ew Y o rk , Q u e e n s , a n d R ic h m o n d C o u n tie s ) a n d N a s s a u , R o c k la n d , S u ffo lk , a n d W e s tc h e s te r
C o u n tie s , N .Y .
2 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o rk , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e o b ta in e d b y
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s .
W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s . A p p r o x im a te ly 92
p e r c e n t of th e s e r v i c e w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y th e s tu d y w e r e p a id on a tim e b a s i s .
3 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e l y .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
T a b le 2 5 . O c c u p a tio n a l ea rn in g s: N o rfo lk —P o rts m o u th and N e w p o rt N e w s —H a m p to n , V a .1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 o f s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s
M en
W om en
N um -
A ver -
A ver -
A v e r-
of
w o rk v e rs
w e e k ly
h o u rs
w o rk ed
w e e k ly
e a rn
in g s 12*45
h o u r ly
e a rn
in g s 2
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
$ 1 .60
$1.65
$ 1 .70
$1.75
$ 1 .80
$1.85
$17^0
$1.95
$2 . 0 0
$2 . 1 0
$2 . 2 0
$2.30
$2.40
$2.50
$2.60
$1.65
$ 1 .70
$1 .7 5
$ 1 .80
$1.85
$ 1 .90
$1.95
$2 . 0 0
$2 . 1 0
$2 . 2 0
$2.30
$2.40
$2.50
$2.60
over
27
20
11
26
14
46
46
68
68
42
42
9
77
77
12
U nder
$1.60
1, 125
953
172
2 8 .5
2 9 .5
2 4 .0
$ 6 5.00
69.00
4 1 .0 0
$2.2 7
2.3 5
1.73
538
2 3 .0
38.5
2 0 .5
2 2 .5
38.5
2 0 .5
4 3 .0 0
78.00
38.50
4 2 .5 0
78,00
38.50
1.89
2 .0 4
1.85
1.89
2 .0 4
1.85
35
476
535
59
47 6
172
15
157
2 4 .0
3 9 .0
2 2 .5
4 1 .0 0
78.50
37.50
1.73
5 19
2.02
1. 68
24
35
5 19
and
2 98
199
99
2
-
2
34
29
5
27
23
4
26
1
4
4
50
38
12
26 1
252
9
119
4 119
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C le a n e rs 6
D a y w o rk _ _
N ig h tw o r k
......
C le a n e rs , heav y
D a y w o r k ........... ...............
N ig h tw o r k
62
199
-
1
5
5
198
199
-
1
5
198
_
28
23
-
8
20
1
22
-
17
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
28
23
15
17
8
20
1
22
15
5
_
5
4
1
2
2
_
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
_
_
_
_
12
6
6
10
4
6
242
36
206
241
35
206
4
4
_
_
4
4
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s ( a l l lig h t)________
D a y w o rk
N ig h tw o r k
99
2
-
1
-
19
98
2
1
9
12
9
12
_
12
3
9
9
9
"
'
'
1 T h e N o r f o l k - P o r t s m o u t h a n d N e w p o rt N e w s -H a m p to n S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o lita n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s c o n s i s t s of C h e s a p e a k e , H a m p to n , N e w p o rt N e w s , N o r f o lk , P o r ts m o u th , a n d V ir g in ia B e a c h C itie s
a n d Y o r k C o u n ty .
6
2 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o l id a y s , b u t
in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t
andh a z a rd o u s w o rk ,
if a n y .
A v e r a g e h o u r ly
e a r n in g s w e r e o b ta in e d by
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly
ra te s
W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o llo w s : 1 a t $1.30 to $ 1 .4 0 ; 1 a t $ 1 .40 to $ 1 .5 0 ; a n d 3 a t $ 1 .5 0 to $ 1 .6 0 .
4 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo llo w s : 24 a t $2.60 to $2.70 and 95 a t $2 .7 0 a n d o v e r .
5 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 1 .4 0 to $ 1 .4 5 .
6 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
T a b le 2 6 . O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s : P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .—N .J .1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s _____
M e n ____________________
W o m e n -------------------------
N um
ber
of
w o rk
e rs
4 , 360
3, 137
1 ,2 2 3
A v e r A v e r A v erN u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - tim e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
age
age
age
$ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .65 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1.9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $4.00“ $4.2 0 $ 4 .4 0
w e e k ly w e e k ly h o u r ly
and
h o u rs e a rn e a rn
and
under
w o r k e d in g s 12 in g s 2
$1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $4.20 $ 4 .4 0 o v e r
3 1 .0 $ 7 6 .0 0
3 1 .0
8 1 .5 0
3 1 .0
6 2 .0 0
$ 2 .4 5
2 .6 3
1.99
195
14
181
-
-
19
19
29
20
9
70
46
24
382
15
367
6
6
303
194
109
484
73
411
1202
1176
26
64
51
13
81
34
47
304
299
5
126
218
120
6
212
6
34
34
16
12
4
476
472
4
82
82
45
45
48
48
87
87
55
50
5
34
34
'
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C l e a n e r s ---------------------------D a y w o r k ----------------N i g h t w o r k --------------C l e a n e r s , h e a v y ---------D a y w o r k ___________
N i g h t w o r k --------------C l e a n e r s , l i g h t ----------D a y w o rk '___________
N i g h t w o r k _________
E x t e r m i n a t o r s ----------------W a x e r s , f lo o r ------------------W indow w a s h e r s _________
-
1, 755
292
1 ,4 6 3
1, 597
241
1, 356
158
51
107
281
106
421
2 9 .0
3 2 .0
2 8 .5
2 9 .5
3 2 .0
68.00
2.3 6
2.36
2.3 6
2.37
2.37
2.37
2 .1 3
2.27
7 6 .0 0
6 6 .5 0
7 0 .5 0
7 6 .5 0
6 9 .0 0
29.0
22.0
4 7 .0 0
32 .5
7 4 .0 0
17.0
3 4 .5 0
4 3 .0 12 5 .5 0
2 8 .0
6 8 .5 0
35 .0 1 1 4.00
2.91
2 .4 4
3.25
3 0 .0
2 8 .5
30 .5
2.07
2 .0 3
2.07
2.00
14
14
14
14
-
-
-
19
19
9
9
20
2
10
20
-
2
18
-
10
-
18
-
28
6
12
16
6
-
28
-
12
6
-
16
-
6
_
_
_
_
-
69
35
34
59
29
30
10
6
4
2
-
18
18
18
_
18
_
1
9
1071
150
921
42
11
10
9
32
42
2
11
134
10
868
32
_
9
2
_
-
100 2
69
16
53
'3
61
8
_
9
2
13
6
7
47
7
40
1
-
182
35
147
167
171
27
144
171
27
144
_
_
36
_
36
36
_
36
_
_
147
15
15
52
2
77
-
11
6
20
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
9
13
4
-
32
36
6
6
26
32
6
26
30
36
6
30
-
46
6
279
16
30
20
22
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
28
_
_
_
_
_
_
8
60
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
-
10
_
_
_
_
_
3
10
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s ---- w o m e n
C l e a n e r s ( a l l l i g h t ) ---------D a y w o r k ----------------N ig h t w o r k ---------------
1 , 018
110
908
6 2 .5 0
5 8 .0 0
6 3 .0 0
5
-
5
9
-
-
-
-
9
24
2
22
367
61
306
6
1
5
93
17
76
411
26
10
6
401
20
5
6
6
5
6
6
1 T h e P h i la d e l p h ia S t a n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of B u c k s , C h e s t e r , D e la w a r e , M o n tg o m e ry , a n d P h ila d e l p h ia C o u n tie s , P a . ; a n d B u r lin g to n , C a m d e n , a n d G l o u c e s t e r C o u n tie s , N .J .
2 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t i n c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e o b ta in e d by
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
T a b le 2 7 . O c c u p a tio n a l ea rn in g s: P itts b u rg h , P a .1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
N um A v e r A v e r A v e rN u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - ti m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of— ■
age
age
age
ber
w e e k ly w e e k ly h o u r ly $1 .6 0 $1.65 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $2.9 0 $3.0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $3.2 0 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70
of
a
n
d
w o rk h o u rs e a rn e a rn
and
w o r k e d in g s 2 in g s 2 u n d e r
e rs
$ 1 .6 5 $1.70 $ 1 .75 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $3.0 0 $3.1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 o v e r
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s _______ 1 , 8 6 8
M e n _____________________ 1 , 188
W o m e n __________________
680
2 7 .5 $ 6 0 .5 0
2 9 .5 7 0 .0 0
24 .5 4 4 .0 0
$2 .1 9
2.3 9
1.79
242
131
112
66
130
65
5 1 .5 0
6 9 .5 0
4 5 .0 0
6 0 .5 0
7 2 .5 0
53 .0 0
36.00
4 1 .5 0
21.0
36.00
2 6 .5 50 .0 0
3 8 .5 108.00
2 .0 3
2.4 2
85
5
80
15
63
7
56
2 4 .5
1.78
1.89
1.77
1.78
1.83
1.77
188
98
90
351
170
181
141
17
124
80
75
5
126
105
89
17
72
39
16
23
50
151
46
105
107
44
63
44
10
21
8
3
5
105
84
23
14
9
19
13
65
31
34
55
30
25
10
4
6
2
6
4
10
1
6
9
9
7
6
1
21
6
22
11
11
13
13
-
63
60
3
21
21
40
33
7
119
117
-
12
17
9
2
2
5
3
3
52
52
49
49
10
10
20
18
18
9
9
2
_
-
28
28
9
9
3
3
22
22
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
oc c u p a ti on s— m e n
C le a n e rs
.........
D a y w o r k — .....................
N ig h t w o r k ___________
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y ________
D a y w o r k _____________
N ig h t w o r k ___________
C l e a n e r s , l i g h t _________
D a y w o r k _____________
N i g h tw o r k ----------------W a x e r s , f lo o r ______________
W indow w a s h e r s ___________
712
190
522
448
172
276
264
18
246
115
225
2 5 .5
2 9 .0
2 4 .0
2 8 .0
30 .0
2 7 .0
20 .5
19.5
1. 86
2.15
2 .4 4
1.96
1.75
2.1 4
1.73
1.91
2.79
-
15
70
5
65
27
8
6
2
55
35
101
1
4
-
35
28
7
94
99
7
92
-
6
4
4
-
6
1
1
2
_
54
3
49
9
42
16
6
4
-
28
7
_
7
38
2
_
2
1
1
1
-
1
_
_
_
_
4
4
_
_
6
2
4
_
_
4
2
2
2
_
2
2
2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
5
7
9
5
4
3
8
17
9
8
2
2
_
5
5
5
_
_
.
_
_
16
4
20
16
4
3
6
6
3
18
18
3
3
6
6
6
6
3
3
_
3
1
6
21
2
9
4
1
1
19
8
9
3
3
11
11
3
11
1
_
4
4
46
2
20
111
-
3
2
23
-
-
2
-
-
-
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s 3__________________
D a y w o r k _____________
N ig h t w o r k ----------------C l e a n e r s , l i g h t —..............
D a y w o r k _____________
N i g h t w o r k -----------------
670
33
637
663
26
637
21.0
2 4 .5
2 4 .5
2 1 .5
2 4 .5
4 3 .5 0
3 9 .50
4 3 .5 0
4 3 .5 0
39.50
4 3 .5 0
130
3
127
128
1
127
65
8
57
65
8
57
90
3
87
90
3
87
181
6
175
179
4
175
123
4
119
123
4
119
5
_
5
5
_
5
17
1
16
17
1
16
4
_
4
4
_
4
21
2
19
3
11
6
_
3
3
I
_
1
8
1
4
I
3
4
1
1
2
2
1
2
_
* T he P i t t s b u r g h S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a ti s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of A lle g h e n y , B e a v e r , W a sh in g to n , a n d W e s tm o r e la n d C o u n tie s .
E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o rk , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e o b ta in e d
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c if ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d in g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
I n c lu d e s d a ta ' f o r w o r k e r s in c la s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
by
T a b le 2 8 . O c c u p a tio n a l ea rn in g s : R ic h m o n d , V a .1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
N um O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s ______
M e n _____________________
W nm p r
of
w o rk
e rs
A v e r A v erage
age
w e e k ly w e e k ly
h o u rs
e a rn
w o r k e d in g s 21
A v erage
h o u r ly
e a rn
in g s 2
$ 1 .6 0
$ 1 .6 5
$1 .7 0
$ 1 .7 5
$ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5
$ 1 .9 0
$ 1 .9 5
$ 2 .0 0
$ 2 .1 0
$ 2 .2 0
$ 2 .3 0
$ 2 .4 0
$ 2 .5 0
$ 2 .6 0
under
$ 1 .6 5
$ 1 .7 0
$ 1 .75
$ 1 .8 0
$ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0
$ 1 .9 5
-
-
-
-
-
$ 2 .2 0
$ 2 .3 0
$ 2 .4 0
$ 2 .5 0
$ 2 .6 0
-
$ 2 .0 0
$ 2 .1 0
$ 2 .7 0
8
8
18
18
17
17
5
5
18
18
9
9
7
7
_
7
7
_
6
6
6
_
6
3
3
3
_
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
_
1
1
_
1
1
_
1
1
_
1
N u m b e r■ of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
1, 215
959
256
19.0
19.5
16.5
$ 3 8 .0 0
4 1 .0 0
2 8 .0 0
$ 2 .0 2
2 .1 0
1.68
328
191
137
56
39
17
223
166
57
45
36
9
44
32
12
127
118
9
52
52
39
37
2
163
150
13
10
10
11
11
7
7
683
55
628
643
55
588
11
17.0
3 0 .5
16.0
17.5
30 .5
16.0
2 5 .0
3 1 .0 0
6 2 .5 0
2 8 .5 0
3 1 .5 0
6 2 .5 0
2 8 .5 0
8 1 .5 0
1.80
2 .0 7
1.76
1.81
2 .0 7
1.77
3.26
190
190
190
190
39
39
19
19
161
19
142
141
19
122
35
4
31
35
4
31
28
1
27
28
1
27
83
3
80
83
3
80
18
3
15
18
3
15
2
6
4
2
6
4
2
1
85
8
77
85
8
77
2
7
1
6
7
1
6
10
2
8
10
2
8
_
_
_
_
256
16.5
2 8 .0 0
1.68
137
17
57
9
12
9
2
13
$ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0
-
-
$ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0
$ 3 .0 0
-
-
$ 3 .0 0
$ 3 .1 0
$ 3 .1 0 "$3720 ■$3730
-
-
$ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0
5
5
_
4
4
_
_
„
_
_
_
_
_
_
3
3
_
3
3
_
a nd
oyer
26
26
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s— m e n
C l e a n e r s 3 4-------------------------D a y w o rk -------------------N ig h tw o r k ___________
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y _______
D a y w o rk -------------------N ig h tw o r k ___________
W inH nw w a s h e r s
_
_
_
_
_
46
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
oc c u p a ti on s— w o m e n
r,loqnar< !
1
2
d iv id in g
3
4
11 girt ^
T h e R ic h m o n d S t a n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of th e c ity o f R ic h m o n d ; a n d th e c o u n tie s o f C h e s t e r f ie l d , H a n o v e r , a n d H e n r ic o .
E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s and h o l id a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e o b ta in e d by
a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a t e l y .
W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o llo w s :
2 a t $ 3 .3 0 to $ 3 .4 0 ; 3 a t $ 4 .1 0 t o $ 4 .2 0 ; a n d 1 a t $ 4 .4 0 to $ 4 .5 0 .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s t o t h e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l la r .
T a b le 2 9 . O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s : S t. Louis, M o .—III.1
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m d j 'h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 2 o f s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s __ ...
M e n ____________________
...... ....... .
W om en.
N um A ver ber
age
of
w e e k ly
W o rk h o u r s
e rs
w o rk e d
A v erage
w e e k ly
e a rn in g s 2
A ver N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - tim e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s ofage
$1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1 .8 0 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2 .00 $2.10 $ 2 .20 $2.30 $2.40 $ 2 .50 $ 2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00
h o u rly
and
e a rn
and
under
in g s 2
$1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2 .0 0 $2.10 $2.20 $2 .3 0 $ 2 .40 $2.50 $2.60 $ 2 .70 $ 2 .80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 o v e r
2 ,9 7 8
1,882
1,0 9 6
2 5 .5
2 6 .5
2 4 .0
$5 5 .0 0 $2.15
5 8 .5 0 2.22
4 8 .5 0 2.01
108
3 78
30
5
5
-
6
6
-
31
18
13
23
11
12
-
1,3 3 3
320
1 ,013
888
193
695
445
127
318
156
68
2 4 .0
30.5
2 1 .5
2 4 .0
3 0 .5
2 2 .0
2 3 .5
3 1 .0
2 1 .0
2 6 .5
35.5
4 9 .5 0
6 4 .5 0
4 4 .5 0
5 0 .5 0
66 .5 0
4 6 .0 0
4 7 .5 0
61 .5 0
4 2 .0 0
5 6 .0 0
131.50
2 .0 8
2.12
2 .0 7
2.12
2 .1 9
2 .0 8
2.01
2 .0 0
2.02
2.1 2
3.70
4 30
30
-
1
1
1
_
-
6
6
-
.
_
-
-
4 30
30
-
1
. -
.
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
1,071
156
915
2 4 .0
2 6 .0
2 3 .5
4 8 .0 0
5 0 .5 0
4 8 .0 0
2.0 0
1.94
2.02
12
12
1 1935
1 1000
935
-
376
291
85
150
141
9
55
47
8
18
18
-
73
72
1
18
18
-
1
1
-
918
121
797
579
63
516
339
58
281
49
1
158
75
83
131
63
68,
27
12
15
90
108
40
68
88
29
24
5
21
8
5
3
5
47
15
32
45
11
3
8
8
56
20
8
12
8
3
8
6
2
3
3
3
3
30
2
925
86
839
80
28
52
29
29
3
2
1
5
5
19
19
1
11
1
10
10
21
21
3
3
6
5
1
7
7
8
7
1
53
53
13
13
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — m e n
C le a n e rs
D ay w o r k ____________
N ig h t w o r k __________
C le a n e rs , heavy
D a y w o rk __ .
N ig h t w o r k
C l e a n e r s , l i g h t -----------D a y w o r k ____________
N ig h t w o r k
W a x e r s . f lo o r
W in d o w w a s h e r s
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
1
6
6
-
3
3
_
_
_
1
_
1
_
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
8
3
3
_
_
1
-
-
1
1
1
~
10
1
1
1
1
2
3
-
1
1
8
-
3
_
1
-
-
1
51
2
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s ( a ll lig h t)
D a y w o rk
N ig h tw o r k
30
30
_
_
12
-
-
-
12
12
12
_
_
.
-
_
_
4
5
1
1
4
5
1
1
1
-
'
2 £ h e i S^ L o u is S t a n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of th e c ity of S t. L o u is ; F r a n k li n , J e f f e r s o n , S t. C h a r l e s , a n d S t. L o u is C o u n tie s , M o .; a n d M a d is o n a n d S t. C l a ir C o u n tie s , 111
E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s a n d h o l id a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s w e r e o b ta in e d bv
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e
I n c lu d e s 18 w o r k e r s a t $ 1 .5 0 to $1.55 a n d 4 w o r k e r s a t $1.55 to $ 1 .6 0 .
y
4 I n c lu d e s 18 w o r k e r s a t $ 1 .5 0 to $ 1 .5 5 .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
T a b le 3 0 . O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s : S a n F ra n c is c o —O a k la n d , C a lif.
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 o f s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
N um O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A v e rage
of w e e k ly
w o rk - h o u rs
e r s w o rk ed
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s _____ 4, 4 74
M e n ____________________ 4, 227
W o m e n ------------------------247
3 5 .0
3 5 .0
3 6 .0
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
A v e r- A v e rage
age
$ 2 .00 $2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $2.30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .4 0 $576(1 $5.80
w e e k ly h o u r ly TTrirl p r
and
e a rn - e a rn $ 2 .0 0 u n d e r
m gs ‘ m gs
$2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $2.40 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .4 0 $ 5 .6 0 $5.8 0 o v e r
$ 1 2 7 .5 0 $ 3 .6 3
1 2 8.00
3 .6 4
1 1 9.50
3 .3 4
42
42
14
14
"
20
20
"
66
53
13
29
16
13
-
26
26
-
6
6
“
61
58
3
30
26
4
117
5Z7
113 . 511
4
16
568
526
42
567
556
11
1723
1587
136
82
80
2
62
59
3
91
91
40
40
132
132
122
122
67
67
7
7
20
20
7
7
48
48
14
13
1
1
1
13
-
_
-
37
37
3
3
34
34
_
_
-
_
-
26
'26
26
-
6
6
6
-
58
26
32
12
12
46
20
13
13
13
13
-
496
35
461
249
229
247
232
7
3
484
61
423
429
369
55
54
15
-
463
119
344
257
139
206
205
68
1
1525
181
1344
1502
1337
23
7
12
12
13
13
13
13
_
19
19
19
19
11
27
27
27
27
2
_
80
80
80
18
22
51
51
30
30
21
21
“
66
19
19
19
19
"
-
2
2
2
2
-
~
-
7
7
7
7
“
“
"
3
3
3
3
~
“
4 20
16
4
12
11
4
7
5
5
38
7
31
8
2
6
30
25
11
11
-
136
29
107
12
12
2
2
-
-
"
-
-
"
~
■
"
-
■
-
“
"
“
-
“
"
"
■
■
-
“
-
3
3
-
11
11
124
107
2
2
3
3
"
"
“
■
~
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s ----m e n
C l e a n e r s ---------------------------D a y w o r k ___________
N i g h t w o r k --------------C l e a n e r s , h e a v y 3------N i g h t w o r k --------------C l e a n e r s , lig h t 3--------N i g h t w o r k --------------W a x e r s , f lo o r ------------------W indow w a s h e r s ---------------
3, 466
590
2, 876
2, 754
2, 275
712
601
124
137
34 .5
3 4 .5
3 4 .5
36 .5
36 .0
2 6 .5
2 8 .5
39 .5
3 9 .0
1 2 1.50
1 2 5.00
1 2 0.50
131.00
12 9 .0 0
8 3 .5 0
8 9 .5 0
1 4 5.00
1 8 7.00
3 .5 4
3 .6 3
3 .5 2
3.61
3 .6 0
3.1 5
3.1 5
3.67
4 .7 8
14
13
1
1
1
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
109
30
79
81
51
28
28
4
"
243
42
201
31
18
13
212
188
35 .5
3 6 .0
35 .5
2 9 .0
38.5
15.0
36 .5
37 .0
1 1 9.50
1 2 7.00
1 1 7.50
9 9 .0 0
136.00
4 7 .0 0
12 2 .5 0
1 2 2.50
3 .3 4
3 .5 2
3 .3 0
3 .4 4
3 .5 2
3 .1 4
3.3 3
3.31
_
-
-
-
13
13
13
13
-
-
-
3
2
1
4
4
4
4
“
S e le c te d s e r v i c e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s ---------------------------D a y w o r k ----------------N ig h t w o r k — _______
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y --------D a y w o r k ----------------N i g h t w o r k --------------C l e a n e r s , l i g h t 3--------N ig h tw o r k -------------
1
2
d iv id in g
3
4
-
-
-
13
13
13
13
-
-
-
3
1
4
4
4
4
■
■
"
T he S an F r a n c i s c o - O a k la n d S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a ti s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of A la m e d a , C o n tr a C o s ta , M a rin , S an F r a n c i s c o , a n d S a n M a te o J J o u n ti e s .
E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e o b ta in e d by
a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s .
W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c if ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y .
A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 5 .8 0 to $6.
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
T a b le 31. O c c u p a tio n a l ea rn in g s: S e a ttle —E verett, W a s h .1
(A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of—
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s ____
M en-----------------------------W o m en ________________
of
w e e k ly w e e k ly h o u r ly $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0
w o rk h o u rs e a r n e a r n and
a nd
e r s w o r k e d in g s 2 in g s 2 u n d e r
$ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 1 2 ,2 ,0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0
1, 559
983
576
2 9 .5 f 9 2 .5 0 $3.15
2 8 .5 9 5 .0 0 3.31
3 0 .0 8 7 .0 0 2.89
8
26
20
20
27
24
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
26
20
20
27
24
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
30
1
29
193
20
173
224
153
71
38
33
5
5
4
1
1
20
2
18
153
153
10
10
10
9
1
809
639
170
_
_
635
635
2
_
5
4
1
34
34
5
5
_
24
4
16
16
10
10
5
5
1
1
2
1
_
27
27
14
14
8
8
27
14
1
S e le c te d s e r v ic e
o c c u p a ti on s— m e n
C l e a n e r s ( a ll n ig h tw o rk ).
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y _____
C l e a n e r s , lig h t _______
W a x e r s , f l o o r ___________
W in d o w w a s h e r s ________
819
800
19
30
45
2 8 .0 89 .0 0
2 8 .0 8 9 .50
2 7 .0 7 7 .00
3 0 .5 108.50
3 2 .5 143.50
3.21
3.2 2
2.8 4
3.5 4
4 .4 2
56 7
198
369
413
198
215
3 0 .0
3 1 .0
2 9 .5
2 9 .5
3 1 .0
2 8 .0
87 .0 0
8 0 .5 0
9 0 .0 0
85.50
8 0 .50
9 0 .0 0
2 .8 8
2 .5 8
3.05
2 .9 0
2 .5 8
3.23
154
3 2 .0
90 .5 0
2.84
-
_
1
_
_
_
_
_
-
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s — w o m e n
C l e a n e r s _________________
D a y w o rk ___________
N ig h tw o rk _________
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y -------D a y w o rk ___________
N ig h tw o r k _________
C l e a n e r s , l ig h t
( a ll n i g h tw o rk ) ______ 1
8
8
26
26
20
20
20
20
27
27
24
24
-
_
-
-
_
_
8
8
-
26
26
-
20
20
-
20
20
27
27
-
-
-
-
"
-
24
24
-
29
28
1
28
28
-
173
20
153
20
20
-
-
1
153
66
20
46
66
20
46
5
5
_
5
5
-
169
_
_
_
_
169
169
-
-
169
-
1 T h e S e a tt l e —E v e r e t t S t a n d a r d M e tr o p o lita n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of K ing a n d S n o h o m is h C o u n tie s .
. . . 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s a n d h o l id a y s , b u t i n c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e o b ta in e d by
d iv id in g a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a te w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a m o n g th e s p e c if ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l la r .
T a b le 3 2 . O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s: W a s h in g to n , D . C . - M d . - V a .
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 o f s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u ly 1971)
O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x
N um - A v e r- A v e rage
age
ber
w e e k ly w e e k ly
of
w o rk h o u rs e a rn
w o r k e d in g s 2
e rs
A v e ra g e $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 5
$1.70” $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0
h o u r ly
e a rn under
in g s 2
$ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of
$ 1 .8 5
$ 1 .9 0
$ 1 .9 5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $2770 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $4.2 0 $ 4 .4 0
$ 1 .9 0
$ 1 .9 5
$ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 o v e r
a nd
8 , 864
5, 805
3, 059
2 5 .0
2 5 .5
2 3 .0
$ 5 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0
5 5 .5 0
2 .1 6
4 6 .0 0
1.99
90
54
36
165
147
18
529
264
265
627
319
308
793
392
401
731
420
311
796
426
370
681
196
485
1942
1636
306
667
486
181
429
354
75
211
154
57
215
124
91
435
317
118
74
46
28
68
65
3
55
55
_
188
182
6
41
41
52
52
20
20
_
3
3
_
15
15
_
10
10
27
27
4 ,4 8 3
979
3, 504
3 ,4 7 6
765
2, 711
1 ,0 0 7
214
793
163
591
224
2 5 .0
3 7 .5
2 1 .5
2 5 .5
3 9 .0
2 2 .0
2 2 .5
3 3 .0
2 0 .0
4 2 .0
2 3 .5
3 3 .0
5 0 .5 0
7 4 .5 0
4 4 .0 0
5 2 .5 0
7 7 .0 0
4 5 .5 0
4 4 .0 0
6 5 .0 0
3 8 .5 0
1 1 8 .5 0
4 9 .0 0
10 0 .0 0
2 .0 3
1.98
2 .0 6
2 .0 5
1.9 8
2 .0 9
1.95
1.98
1.93
2.81
2 .1 0
3.0 3
54
31
23
54
31
23
147
129
18
137
119
18
10
10
234
30
204
213
29
184
21
1
20
302
92
210
229
71
158
73
21
52
353
65
288
281
46
235
72
19
53
393
59
334
221
39
182
172
20
152
4
4
4
4
_
_
75
3
72
73
3
70
2
6
4
2
6
4
2
_
5
1
4
5
1
4
_
1
1
_
1
1
_
_
1
1
_
1
1
_
_
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
_
1
1
1
_
2
_
2
2
2
_
37
210
50
160
208
48
160
2
2
_
15
5
25
12
1
11
9
1
8
3
8
235
44
191
211
34
177
24
10
14
27
70
17
1
16
17
1
16
30
347
63
284
235
41
194
112
22
90
6
126
87
12
75
82
7
75
5
5
_
_
160 1377
294
23
137 1083
67 1138
214
7
60
924
93
239
16
80
77
159
3
20
133
107
42
65
107
42
65
_
_
351
28
323
172
20
152
179
8
171
6
61
_
8
9
10
3
16
4
16
_
25
_
24
2
9
_
72
_
8
_
24
_
13
11
10
_
1
_
9
_
2
_
_
7
5
_
2
_
3
3
_
6
C l e a n e r s 3 -------------------------- 3, 045
280
D a y w o rk -------------------N ig h tw o r k ----------------- 2, 765
C*.
lig h t
2 ,9 3 8
254
2 ,6 8 4
Ni g'htw r,T"k
2 3 .0
3 7 .0
2 1 .5
2 2 .5
3 7 .5
2 1 .5
4 6 .0 0
7 3 .5 0
4 3 .0 0
4 5 .0 0
7 4 .0 0
4 2 .5 0
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
36
18
4
14
18
4
14
265
7
258
265
7
258
308
20
288
304
20
284
399
40
359
377
40
337
309
15
294
297
15
282
368
13
355
352
13
339
485
38
447
485
38
447
179
28
151
155
20
135
75
13
62
68
12
56
57
10
47
57
10
47
28
3
«
5
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
28
28
3
3
-
5
5
-
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
-
28
3
_
5
_
_
_
_
_
All s p*riri p w n r lc p r s
Wnmp»n ...
_
_
_
_
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s ----m e n
C l e a n e r s ________ ___ ______
T) p yw o r*lc
TNT*ighfwrvrlc
C l e a n e r s , h e a v y ----------D a y w o rk -------------------lSJi gVitwr>rlr ...........
r i p a n p r f i j lig h tT')nyu/r>rk
TMi gVifvtrnrU ....
E x t e r m i n a t o r s -------------------W ^ x p r s , f lo o r
W indow w a s h e r s —-----—_____
30
_
_
3
39
3
9
3
22
_
S e le c te d s e rv ic e
o c c u p a tio n s ----w o m e n
1
F a irfa x ,
2
d iv id in g
3
-
36
36
36
304
76
228
282
59
223
91
91
91
91
115
16
99
115
16
99
_
_
T h e W a s h in g to n S t a n d a r d M e tr o p o li t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a c o n s is t s of W a sh in g to n , D .C .; M o n tg o m e ry a n d P r i n c e G e o r g e s C o u n tie s , M d .; A l e x a n d r i a , F a i r f a x , a n d F a l l s C h u r c h c i t i e s , a n d A r lin g to n ,
L o u d o u n , a n d P r i n c e W illia m C o u n tie s , V a .
E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r l a t e - s h i f t a n d h a z a r d o u s w o r k , if a n y . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e o b ta in e d by
a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s b y a g g r e g a t e w e e k ly h o u r s .
W o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g s p e c i f ie d e a r n i n g s c l a s s e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r in d iv id u a l h o u r ly r a t e s .
I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y .
NOTE:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s w o r k e d w e r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l la r .
T a b le 3 3 . W e e k ly e a rn in g s d istribu tion : C le a n e rs , heavy, n ig h tw o rk — m en
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s 1 of m e n h e a v y n ig h tw o rk c l e a n e r s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , 23 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
A re a
N u m b er A v e ra g e
of
w e e k ly
w o rk e rs e a rn in g s 2 U nder
$10
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly e a rn in g ;s of—
$60
$70
$80
$90
$100
$110
$120
$130
$140
$20
$30
$40
$50
$2 0
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$80
$90
$100
$110
67
53
204
76
173
134
259
44
43
227
352
584
129
409
277
1072
182
36
163
154
659
160
14
61
98
600
106
16
69
80
522
132
46
36
186
259
174
19
57
242
628
41
39
318
971
77
495
90
3
44
82
206
135
15
29
7
3
18
22
1
30
13
135
16
88
193
636
192
_
73
80
6
2
90
333
301
67
128
810
254
36
602
80
18
102
40
114
36
8
11
21
8
66
32
10
19
31
114
74
127
42
25
101
39
43
102
200
115
130
23
39
185
57
28
192
268
54
43
354
59
65
230
47
48
$10
and
under
$150
$160
$170
$180
$1 9 0
$160
$170
$180
$190
$ 20 0
$2 0 0
and
$120
$130
$140
$150
N o rth e a s t
B o s t o n ----------------------------------------------N e w a rk a n d J e r s e y C ity ____________
N ew Y o r k _____ _____________________
P h i l a d e l p h i a --------------------------- ------P i t t s b u r g h ............. ........................................
1,
2,
13,
1,
366
036
439
356
276
$ 4 9 .0 0
452
2, 023
643
236
376
38.50
3 6 .50
4 4 .5 0
5 0 .5 0
4 2 .5 0
3 1 .50
476
588
2 ,7 1 1
3 8 .50
28 .5 0
45.5 0
2, 298
881
674
207
558
695
98.50
73.50
7 3 .0 0
5 4 .5 0
94 .0 0
52 .0 0
3, 295
2, 275
800
7 9 .0 0
129.00
8 9 .5 0
66.00
102.00
15
37
52
6 9 .0 0
53 .0 0
1
1
10
66
6
121
10
22
12
2
40
796
145
3
23
2953
13
27
3156
30
7
13
201
2
6
2
1
258
61
1
73
65
28
38
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
3
2
S o u th
A t l a n t a ----------------------------------------------B a l t i m o r e -----------------------------------------D a l l a s -----------------------------------------------L o u i s v i l l e ___________________________
M i a m i -----------------------------------------------N ew O r l e a n s -------------------------------------N o r f o lk —P o r t s m o u t h a n d N e w p o rt
N e w s—H a m p t o n -----------------------------R ic h m o n d —___________ ______________
W a s h i n g t o n ------------------------- --------------
11
6
109
16
31
264
37
-
-
2
13
58
54
5
15
86
21
61
178
1
47
32
12
11
76
56
4
15
28
31
44
_
7
16
12
9
3
22
10
6
3
7
1
5
80
108
66
126
98
24
17
1
76
107
75
55
50
31
62
214
23
971
65
8
2
5
12
104
4
21
12
12
20
16
4
7
77
140
90
32
4
29
173
99
16
41
168
23
29
25
15
14
34
73
146
17
246
60
34
205
177
31
65
659
33
82
196
2
15
2
6
1
4
17
3
1
2
1
2
12
2
21
40
-
-
-
2
8
5
4
3
N o r th C e n t r a l
C h i c a g o ---------------------------------------------C l e v e l a n d -----------------------------------------D e t r o i t ______________________________
M ilw a u k e e .......................................................
M in n e a p o lis —S t. P a u l —................ ..........
__
S t. L o u is --------------------------
10
5
2
2
5
34
78
110
126
26
9
~
4
1
2
5
2
4
12
l
6
-
6
W e st
L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h a n d
A n a h e irr r -S a n ta A n a G a r d e n G r o v e _____________________
S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d _____ ______
S e a ttle —E v e r e t t ................ ..........................
S tra ig h t- tim e a v e ra g e e a rn in g s
NOTE:
22
4
12
i n f o r m a tio n e x c lu d e s
p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d
W e e k ly e a r n i n g s w e r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
61
42
21
25
450
65
122
60
192
63
f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s a n d h o l id a y s , b u t in c lu d e s
13
272
109
62
992
9
18
69
97
24
6
2
6
6
p re m iu m pay fo r la te - s h if t
4
30.
and h a z a rd o u s
2
12
50
34
w o rk ,
if a n y .
T a b le 3 4 . W e e k ly e a rn in g s d is trib u tio n : C le a n e rs , light, n ig h tw o rk —w o m e n
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s 1 of w o m e n lig h t n ig h tw o rk c l e a n e r s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , 22 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s of—
A rea
of
w o rk e rs
w e e k ly
e a rn in g s 1
$To
and
under
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$80
$90
$100
$110
$120
$130
$140
$150
$160
$2 0
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$80
$90
$100
$110
$120
$130
$140
$150
$160
over
16
35
144
26
33
42
143
165
18
76
122
300
143
401
118
156
168
179
580
51
81
1
236
315
94
171
_
38
-
_
-
_
9
-
12
41
7
10
47
3
26
6
22
30
16
4
29
55
67
5
14
22
654
166
475
54
80
137
30
5
231
94
194
48
53
56
195
41
124
8
83
37
57
18
8
1
3
175
64
296
46
1251
11
4
104
18
56
60
49
41
42
81
43
154
171
194
54
137
240
23
5
33
44
49
37
19
15
25
21
68
50
91
20
1
11
2
36
4
35
5
7
U nder
$10
and
N o rth e a s t
B o s t o n -----------------------------------------------N e w a r k a n d J e r s e y C i t y ____________
N ew Y o r k ------------------------------------------P h i l a d e l p h i a -------------------------------------P i t t s b u r g h ------------ -----------------------------
757
1 ,2 4 1
1 1 ,3 7 9
908
637
$ 4 4 .5 0
5 2 .5 0
8 1 .5 0
6 3 .0 0
4 3 .5 0
13
12
27
25
5
66
10
10
6
3
258
407
75
1328
45
41
77
4842
264
5
46
1594
40
21
12
_
13
939
11
2
6
11
1
3
25
-
38
23
5
3
_
_
_
11
1
-
-
12
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
11
6
2
2
2
1
-
_
-
7
58
3
39
124
96
-
-
-
-
12
8
1
2
322
136
161
17
5
82
145
307
150
699
49
10
8
102
676
327
115
40
18
35
83
99
69
66
2
22
6
1
1
12
7
2
71
210
55
544
12
-
_
-
9
-
S o u th
A t l a n t a ----------------------------------------------B a l t i m o r e ------------------------------------------D a l l a s ------------------------------------------------L o u i s v il le ------------------------------------------M ia m i _ _ ________________ _________
N ew O r l e a n s -------------------------------------N o r f o lk —P o r t s m o u t h a n d N e w p o rt
N e w s—H a m p to n -----------------------------W a s h i n g t o n ----------------------------------------
176
265
349
3 5 .5 0
4 1 .0 0
3 4 .0 0
3 5 .5 0
3 7 .5 0
3 4 .5 0
157
2, 684
3 7 .5 0
4 2 .5 0
2, 446
1, 391
1, 147
336
293
915
8 0 .0 0
6 9 .0 0
6 3 .0 0
4 7 .5 0
4 6 .5 0
4 8 .0 0
993
188
154
7 9 .0 0
12 2 .5 0
9 0 .5 0
1 ,2 9 8
452
926
9
10
15
82
380
30
6
_
_
1
_
-
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
N o r th C e n t r a l
C h i c a g o ---------------------------------------------C l e v e l a n d ------------------------------------------D e t r o i t ----------------------------------------------M il w a u k e e -----------------------------------------M in n e a p o lis —St. P a u l -----------------------S t. L o u i s --------------------------------------------
7
7
21
10
66
117
128
132
71
126
261
66
40
31
205
5
3
1
2
10
2
-
1
1
-
_
23
5
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
_
-
77
3
14
8
1
-
-
13
4
8
"
199
291
1
2
10
1
W e st
L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h a n d
A n a h e im —S a n ta A n a G a r d e n G r o v e ---------------------------------San F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d -------------------S e a ttle —E v e r e t t ---------------------------------
1 S tra ig h t- tim e a v e ra g e e a rn in g s
NOTE:
i n f o r m a t io n e x c lu d e s p r e m i u m
W e e k ly e a r n i n g s w e r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l la r .
1
73
7
1
p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s a n d
h o l id a y s ,
9
19
19
b u t in c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r
-
2
22
8
15
la te -s h ift and h azard o u s
w o rk ,
if a n y .
T a b le 3 5 . W e e k ly e a rn in g s d istribu tion : W in d o w w a s h e rs —m en
( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s 1 of m e n w in d o w w a s h e r s in c o n tr a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , 17 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly e a r n i n g s of—
A rea
N u m b er A v e ra g e
of
w e e k ly
U nder
w o rk e rs e a rn in g s 1
$20
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$80
$90
$100
$110
$120
$13 0
$140
$150
$160
$170
$180
$190
$200
and
under
$30
$40
$50
$6 0
$70
$80
$90
$100
$110
$120
$13 0
$140
$150
$160
$170
$180
$190
$200
$210
_
15
_
■24
1
1
2
6
_
2
2
_
14
-
3
1
2
2
_
6
_
36
7
11
10
8
24
_
40
15
_
169
18
1
1
1
12
147
27
38
23
3
4
_
_
6
4
6
28
_
_
_
23
_
_
2
22
-
27
_
_
3
6
1
1
2
4
14
_
_
2
3
N o rth e a s t
B o s t o n _______ __________ _________
N e w a r k a n d J e r s e y C i t y ----------------N ew Y o r k __ _____ ___ ___________
P h i la d e l p h ia — ----------- ----------------P i t t s b u r g h ----------------------------------------
182
82
1 ,8 1 7
421
225
$ 1 4 0 .5 0
142.00
172.50
119.00
108.00
_
3
3
3
50
32
126.50
125.00
81 .5 0
_
-
_
_
7
_
11
2
2
224
100.00
6
15
653
150
134
63
5
-
-
-
-
68
185.50
175.50
179.00
142.00
131.50
-
4
-
83
137
45
149.50
187.00
143.50
_
-
-
_
-
1
-
1
"
18
5
34
36
1
1
1
1
4
_
3
-
3
5
1
12
_
16
5
7
_
_
-
1
1
7
_
32
-
_
-
8
1
-
2
6
1
5
2
_
_
-
1
-
1
1
5
5
2
6
11
13
43
77
14
5
6
40
2
6
11
902
_
30
8
_
2
1
4
3
218
2
8
2
313
4
115
_
2
86
6
4
6
2
-
1
2
S o u th
B a l t i m o r e ----------- ---------------------------D a l l a s _____ __ ____________ ___________
R i c h m o n d ------------ -------------------------W a s h in g to n ---------------------------------------
1
_
1
2
_
39
3
1
22
_
3
33
1
20
3
3
_
7
45
10
21
2
4
_
_
13
4
2
_
8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
6
-
1
25
3
49
_
30
268
28
22
-
_
3
19
3
_
99
1
10
1
23
34
13
2
129
_
_
2
"
2
4
2
2
14
2
23
34
2
11
1
21
21
6
N o r th C e n t r a l
C h ic a g o ---------------------------------------------C l e v e l a n d -----------------------------------------D e t r o i t ---------------------------- ---------------M in n e a p o lis —S t. P a u l ---------------------S t. L o u i s -------------------------------------------
_
1
4
8
1
1
1
6
28
2
"
1
-
W e st
L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h a n d
A n a h e im —S a n ta A n a G a r d e n G r o v e --------------------------------S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d -----------------S e a tt l e —E v e r e t t _____________________
S tra ig h t- tim e a v e ra g e e a rn in g s
NOTE:
1
in f o r m a t io n e x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y
W e e k ly e a r n i n g s w e r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l la r .
1
_
-
2
fo r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r
w o r k on
4
1
:e k e n d s a n d h o lid a y s , b u t i n c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r
_
61
l a t e - s h i f t and h a z a r d o u s w o rk ,
_
18
if any.
T a b le 3 6 . M e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t
( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s ta b l is h m e n t s , 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
M e th o d of w a g e
paym ent 1
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s ..
B o s to n
N e w a rk
and
Je rse y
C ity
100
100
N ew
Y o rk
100
N o rfo lk —
P o rts
N ew
L o u is M e m
m o u th a n d R i c h W a s h
B a lti
P h ila P itts
M ia m i
D a lla s
A tla n ta
v ille
p h is
O r l e a n s N e w p o rt m o n d in g to n
d e lp h ia b u r g h
m o re
N ew sH a m p t on
100
100
100
100
T i m e - r a t e d w o r k e r s ____
F o r m a l p l a n s _________
S in g le r a t e _____ —
R a n g e of r a t e s _____
I n d iv id u a l r a t e s -----------
100
70
13
57
30
98
75
48
27
23
100
92
88
4
8
96
85
79
7
11
96
31
31
_
65
94
(2 )
(2 )
94
98
38
8
29
61
I n c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ------------
-
2
-
4
4
6
2
1 F o r d e f in itio n of m e th o d of w a g e p a y m e n t ,
2 L e s s t h a n 0.5 p e r c e n t .
NOTE:
B e c a u s e of ro u n d in g ,
N o r th C e n t r a l
S o u th
N o rth e a s t
100
99
5
5
_
95
(2 )
100
100
100
100
100
100
96
16
6
10
80
4
93
62
4
57
31
48
_
48
91
1
1
-
-
90
74
90
67
65
2
23
7
52
9
2
10
98
23
23
C h i
cago
W est
Los A n g e le sSan
M in n e
Long B each
M il a p o lis — St.
F r a n - S e a ttle —
C le v e D e
a n d A n a h e im —
L o u is
tro it w aukee
S t.
c is c o - E v e re tt
la n d
S a n ta A n a Paul
G a r d e n G ro v e O a k la n d
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
45
32
13
55
98
81
75
6
17
97
91
91
6
99
74
69
5
26
96
95
40
55
1
100
89
89
11
98
79
75
4
20
96
89
83
6
7
94
91
85
5
3
100
87
87
13
2
3
1
4
-
2
4
5
-
(2 )
s e e a p p e n d ix A.
s u m s of i n d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s .
T a b l e 3 7 . P a id h olida ys
( P e r c e n t of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s ta b l is h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p a id h o l id a y s , 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
N u m b e r of p a id
h o lid a y s
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s ..
W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h
m e n t s p r o v id in g
p a id h o l id a y s ___ — . —
L e s s th a n 3 d a y s — —
4 d a y s . ______ ____
5 d a y s .. _ _ _ . -------6 d a y s __ . ---------------6 d a y s p lu s 1, 2, o r
3 h a lf d a y s ----------------7 d a y s ----------------- ------7 d a y s p lu s 1 o r 2
h a lf d a y s -------------------8 d a y s --------------------------8 d a y s p lu s 1 h a lf
d a y ---------- ------------------9 d a y s --------------------------10 d a y s --- -- ---- -------O v e r 10 d a y s .. .
W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h
m e n t s p r o v id in g
no p a id h o l id a y s ----- -------
B o s to n
N e w a rk
and
Je rse y
C ity
N ew
Y o rk
N o rfo lk —
P o r ts
B a l ti
L o u i s M e m M ia m i N ew m o u th a n d R i c h W a s h P h ila P i tt s
D a lla s
A tla n ta
O r le a n s N e w p o rt m o n d in g ton
p h is
v ille
d e lp h ia b u r g h
m o re
N e w s—
H a m p to n
100
100
100
100
100
100
91
(M
30
84
17
95
7
83
77
50
30
33
33
92
29
86
3
12
98
3
100
-
_
_
-
8
2
62
_
88
2
3
1
1
_
-
_
46
_
71
2
-
100
_
3
-
_
-
_
12
_
-
_
17
_
1
_
79
_
-
12
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
6
-
-
_
-
_
“
"
15
•
9
16
5
17
50
67
14
2
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
83
1
_
42
2
99
-
_
100
_
2
89
1
9
82
_
59
29
25
5
78
.
68
60
7
43
2
76
32
4
38
18
10
6
72
67
78
1
6
33
34
70
6
95
7
53
57
3
12
19
3
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
.
7
56
5
2
16
1
1
56
-
-
3
7
_
3
-
.
5
.
-
_
-
_
35
40
13
13
-
6
19
-
1
90
2
12
-
2
-
-
2
2
2
-
_
-
_
-
-
3
-
_
5
3
-
_
-
17
1
-
11
18
71
22
40
24
82
28
22
30
5
B e c a u s e of r o u n d in g ,
100
100
1 L e s s th a n 0.5 p e r c e n t .
NOTE:
100
100
_
s u m s of in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o ta l s .
_
C h i
cago
L os A n g e le s M in n e
San
Long B each
M il a p o lis — St.
F r a n - S e a ttle —
C le v e D e
a n d A n a h e im —
S t.
c is c o - E v e re tt
la n d
tro it w aukee
L o u is
S a n ta A n a - O a k la n d
Paul
G a r d e n G ro v e
100
100
_
W est
N o rth C e n t r a l
S o u th
N o rth e a s t
100
_
_
C )
8
_
“
-
T a b le 3 8 . P a id v a c a tio n s
( P e r c e n t of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s ta b l is h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p a id v a c a tio n s a f t e r s e le c te d p e r i o d s of s e r v i c e , 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
N o rth e a s t
V a c a tio n p o lic y
B o s to n
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s —u'-----------------------
N e w a rk
and
J e rse y
C ity
N ew
Y o rk
• S o u th
P h ila
d e lp h ia
P itts b u rg h
A tla n ta
B a l ti m o r e
D a lla s
L o u is v ille
M e m p h is
M ia m i
New
O r le a n s
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
77
23
54
91
91
99
99
93
93
63
63
33
33
70
70
32
32
-
-
_
-
66
63
3
67
67
-
85
58
28
27
27
-
_
_
_
23
9
1
7
15
73
37
67
34
33
30
68
-
98
-
3
82
_
44
13
_
_
_
23
24
63
67
_
_
_
_
4
71
19
2
1
_
5
6
3
-
_
_
_
_
_
11
66
17
5
-
94
_
.
_
_
7
2
19
54
3
9
24
3
1
1
_
_
_
_
52
5
9
47
74
18
46
29
3
-
10
40
1
12
1
8
2
80
77
5
4
7
2
19
50
1
12
32
3
32
50
5
11
40
27
30
31
_
_
3
1
_
_
_
32
3
32
49
5
13
40
27
_
_
M e th o d of p a y m e n t
W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id in g
p a id v a c a t i o n s _________________ v__________
L e n g t h - o f - t i h a e p a y m e n t ---------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ----------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id in g
no p a id v a c a t i o n s -------------------------------------A m o u n t of v a c a tio n p a y 1
A f t e r 1 y e a r of s e r v i c e :
U n d e r 1 w e e k __________________________
1 w e e k __________________________________
O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _____________
2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------A f t e r 2 y e a r s of s e r v i c e :
U n d e r 1 w e e k ........... -_____ ____________
1 w e e k __________________________________
O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _____________
2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _____________
3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------A f t e r 3 y e a r s of s e r v i c e :
1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _____________
2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ____________
3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------A f t e r 5 y e a r s of s e r v i c e :
1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _____________
2 w e e k s _________________________________
O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _____ _______
3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------A f t e r 10 y e a r s of s e r v i c e :
1 w e e k __________________________________
2 w e e k s _________________________________
O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _____________
3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------A f t e r 15 y e a r s of s e r v i c e :
1 w e e k __________________________________
2 w e e k s ______________________________ __
O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _____________
3 w e e k s _________________________________
4 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------A f t e r 20 y e a r s of s e r v i c e : 3
1 w e e k __________________________________
2 w e e k s ----------------------------- -----------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _____________
3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------S ee f o o tn o te s a t e n d of t a b l e .
73
-
-
9
12
-
87
6
_
3
74
5
4
_
_
5
_
_
_
30
_
_
3
_
-
-
-
68
79
98
-
-
-
-
_
-
1
3
_
_
_
-
6
4
80
9
5
70
20
44
1
12
_
_
2
_
_
5
_
_
_
_
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
9
54
5
18
7
16
44
10
3
29
32
26
49
18
_
_
_
1
9
_
9
6
-
-
-
62
66
19
13
85
1
-
6
-
.
9
8
6
25
9
6
24
-
-
_
_
58
60
-
_
89
1
60
3
9
8
6
23
-
9
6
5
-
-
-
-
12
48
60
2
89
1
73
8
9
8
6
23
-
9
6
5
-
-
_
_
12
48
60
2
1
89
73
8
_
7
_
_
_
5
_
3
30
_
_
57
1
_
_
_
_
3
5
_
9
54
5
18
7
15
44
8
3
29
32
26
_
_
_
_
_
5
2
_
_
5
5
_
9
54
5
18
7
15
44
8
3
29
_
_
_
_
5
5
6
1
1
29
1
26
_
31
_
_
40
13
3
1
27
_
_
18
5
49
15
40
13
27
9
3
18
5
32
26
49
15
40
13
27
9
3
-
13
5
5
_
_
_
T a b le 3 8 . P a id v a c a tio n s — C o n tin u e d
( P e r c e n t of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s ta b l is h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p a id v a c a tio n s a f t e r s e le c te d p e r i o d s of s e r v i c e , 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
V a c a tio n p o lic y
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s ----------------------------
R ic h m o n d
W e st
N o r th C e n t r a l
South— C o n tin u e d
N o r f o lk —
P o r ts m o u th
and
N e w p o rt N ew s—
H a m p to n
W a sh in g to n
C h ic a g o
C le v e la n d
D e tro it
M ilw a u k e e
M in n e
a p o lis —
St. P a u l
St.
L o u is
L os A n g e le s San
L ong B e a c h
a n d A n a h e im — F r a n c i s c o —
O a k la n d
S a n ta A n a G a r d e n G ro v e
S e a ttle —
E v e re tt
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
63
63
-
84
84
-
82
82
-
84
84
-
95
95
-
79
79
-
66
65
1
31
31
-
90
90
-
84
84
~
97
97
-
100
100
■
37
16
18
16
5
21
34
69
10
16
3
63
-
66
11
71
10
84
- •
85
10
77
2
66
1
, 14
17
90
-
14
3
68
4
93
3
97
9
5
50
-
67
17
-
20
1
61
-
10
74
-
78
17
-
8
71
-
11
5
50
1
31
-
1
88
-
7
4
74
-
3
94
-
100
-
7
5
51
-
66
15
-
-
18
-
67
-
2
82
-
95
-
4'
76
-
5
5
56
1
31
-
90
-
5
4
75
-
2
95
-
100
-
7
56
-
24
60
-
13
63
6
-
83
1
-
95
( 12)
-
2
25
52
-
1
5
60
1
-
31
-
88
2
-
5
4
7
69
-
2
6
89
-
94
6
-
7
51
5
-
24
50
10
-
13
53
17
- -
10
73
-
6
89
-
2
14
64
-
1
26
40
-
2
29
-
5
82
2
5
4
3
72
-
2
3
77
15
3
87
10
"
7
45
24
47
13
48
22
-
9
70
4
4
81
9
2
14
33
31
1
26
40
-
2
29
5
82
2
5
1
3
17
58
2
3
22
71
3
97
-
13
47
22
"
9
69
6
4
80
12
2
14
31
33
1
26
27
13
2
29
5
82
2
5
1
3
17
58
2
3
7
85
3
97
M e th o d of p a y m e n t
W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id in g
p a id v a c a t i o n s ------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t ---------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t -----------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id in g
no p a id v a c a t i o n s _________________________
A m o u n t of v a c a tio n p a y 1
A f t e r 1 y e a r of s e r v i c e :
U n d e r 1 w e e k ___________________________
1 w e e k ___________________________________
O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ______________
2 w e e k s __________________________________
A f t e r 2 y e a r s of s e r v i c e :
U n d e r 1 w e e k ___________________________
1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s -------------------2 w e e k s _________________________________
O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------3 w e e k s __________________________________
A f t e r 3 y e a r s of s e r v i c e :
1 w e e k ___________________________________
O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s --------------------2 w e e k s __________________________________
O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ______________
3 w e e k s __________________________________
A f t e r 5 y e a r s of s e r v i c e :
1 w e e k ___________________________________
O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s --------------------2 w e e k s __________________________________
O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ______________
3 w e e k s __________________________________
O v e r 3 w e e k s ___________________________
A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e :
1 w e e k ___________________________________
2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------A f t e r 15 y e a r s of s e r v i c e :
1 w e e k ___________________________________
2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------3 w e e k s __________________________________
4 w e e k s __________________________________
A f t e r 20 y e a r s of s e r v i c e : 3
1 w e e k ___________________________________
2 w e e k s __________________________________
O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------
-
-
11
-
13
-
7
45
24
47
-
-
11
13
"
_
-
.
"
1 V a c a tio n p a y m e n ts s u c h a s a p e r c e n t of a n n u a l e a r n in g s w e r e c o n v e r te d to a n e q u iv a le n t tim e b a s i s .
P e r i o d s of s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n a n d do n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t in d iv id u a l
e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r o v is i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n .
F o r e x a m p le , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a te d a t 10 y e a r s m a y in c lu d e c h a n g e s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s .
2 L e s s th a n 0.5 p e r c e n t .
3 V a c a tio n p r o v is i o n s w e r e th e s a m e a f t e r lo n g e r p e r i o d s of s e r v i c e w ith th e fo llo w in g e x c e p tio n s : In P h i la d e l p h ia , 68 p e r c e n t of th e w o r k e r s w e r e in e s ta b l is h m e n t s p r o v id in g 4 w e e k s a f t e r
25 y e a r s a n d 14 p e r c e n t w e r e in t h o s e p r o v id in g 3 w e e k s .
NOTE:
B e c a u s e of r o u n d in g ,
s u m s of in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s .
T a b le 3 9 . H e a lth , in s u ra n c e , and re tire m e n t plans
( P e r c e n t o f s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s ta b l is h m e n t s w ith s p e c if ie d h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s , 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
N o rth e a s t
T y p e of p la n 1
A ll s e r v i c e w o r k e r s -------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s
p r o v id in g ;
L ife i n s u r a n c e --------------- —
N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s —
A c c i d e n t a l d e a th a n d
d ism e m b e rm e n t
i n s u r a n c e -------------------------N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s —
S ic k n e s s an d a c c id e n t
i n s u r a n c e o r s ic k l e a v e
o r b o th 12----------------------------S ic k n e s s an d a c c id e n t
i n s u r a n c e --------------------N o n c o n trib u to ry
p l a n s _______________
S ic k l e a v e (fu ll p a y ,
no w a itin g p e r i o d ) ------S ic k l e a v e ( p a r t i a l
p a y o r w a itin g
p e r i o d ) -------------------------H o s p i ta l iz a t io n
i n s u r a n c e _________________
N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s __
S u r g ic a l i n s u r a n c e ____ j.___
N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s __
M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e ---- ---------N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s —
M a jo r m e d i c a l
i n s u r a n c e -------------------------N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s —
R e t i r e m e n t p l a n s 3 ------------P e n s i o n p l a n s ___________
N o n c o n trib u to ry
p l a n s __ ------------------S e v e r a n c e p a y ---------------N o p l a n s ----------------------------------
S o u th
N o r th C e n t r a l
W e st
N o r f o lk —
L o s A n g e le sN e w a rk
P o r ts
San
M in n e
L ong B e a c h
B os
and
N ew P h i l a P i t t s
B a lti
L o u is M e m
m o u th a n d R ic h W a s h C h i C l e v e D e M il a p o lis — St.
N
ew
F r a n S e a ttle —
A tla n ta
M ia m i
D a lla s
a n d A n a h e im —
to n
J e r s e y Y o rk d e lp h ia b u rg h
m o re
v ille
p h is
O r l e a n s N e w p o rt m o n d in g to n c a g o la n d
tro it w aukee
St.
L o u is
c is c o — E v e r e t t
S
a
n
ta
A
n
a
C ity
N ew s—
Paul
O a k la n d
G a r d e n G ro v e
H a m p to n
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
16
8
43
43
90
90
79
79
52
52
10
2
11
10
1
-
8
6
60
9
54
23
16
8
21
11
7
_
35
27
12
10
93
92
59
59
35
35
4
4
85
85
76
73
86
86
93
93
1
1
17
17
4
4
75
75
30
30
7
2
11
10
1
8
6
59
7
54
23
11
6
16
6
6
-
-
14
6
7
5
93
92
59
59
20
20
_
_
1
1
75
72
86
86
93
93
7
16
90
87
23
7
14
6
8
5
36
9
11
6
42
13
95
62
28
29
11
72
84
93
7
2
89
81
20
1
7
_
3
5
18
1
_
_
3
9
95
58
28
29
3
_
_
93
1
2
88
81
20
-
3
5
13
1
-
-
1
7
95
58
28
29
3
_
_
93
1
12
6
12
4
6
3
-
7
8
11
6
35
5
2
15
6
_
9
13
2
_
-
7
6
11
3
-
11
-
-
-
5
2
_
1
_
_
_
59
82
87
60
7
60
7
60
7
40
4
30
4
30
4
10
2
10
2
10
2
21
6
21
6
15
5
7
14
1
-
31
6
31
6
31
6
14
_
36
16
36
16
26
6
73
71
73
71
72
70
91
90
91
90
6
4
62
62
62
62
6
6
63
61
63
61
63
61
33
33
33
33
33
33
85
85
85
85
5
5
75
72
78
75
78
75
88
87
88
87
88
87
100
93
100
93
100
93
14
13
2
2
1
1
1
31
6
3
3
60
7
7
7
30
4
21
21
10
2
3
3
21
6
17
17
14
13
13
14
5
11
11
71
70
62
62
79
79
91
91
14
14
10
8
47
45
19
19
33
33
_
_
_
_
2
2
78
75
61
61
87
86
87
87
76
76
93
93
2
86
-
3
69
5
40
21
46
3
_
60
17
79
6
86
10
47
62
_
26
90
_
5
8
2
36
18
_
27
_
_
67
2
_
15
61
2
19
86
_
12
93
94
2
84
13
-
-
11
3
11
3
11
3
56
56
56
56
18
18
91
91
91
91
87
87
82
81
82
81
80
79
52
49
14
11
6
6
10
2
10
2
10
2
14
13
14
13
14
13
1
1
3
2
1
1
4
4
4
4
79
79
88
88
25
25
68
68
2
2
2
2
10
2
7
7
1
82
4
33
88
29
9
68
2
48
6
90
-
-
13
3
-
-
-
-
_
-
1 " N o n c o n t r i b u to r y p l a n s " in c lu d e o n ly t h o s e p la n s f in a n c e d e n t i r e l y b y th e e m p lo y e r .
L e g a lly r e q u i r e d p la n s s u c h a s w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a tio n a n d s o c ia l s e c u r i t y a r e e x c lu d e d ; h o w e v e r , p la n s
r e q u i r e d b y S ta te t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e la w s a r e in c lu d e d if th e e m p lo y e r c o n tr i b u te s m o r e th a n is l e g a l ly r e q u i r e d o r th e e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e b e n e f i ts in e x c e s s of l e g a l r e q u i r e m e n ts .
2 U n d u p lic a te d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y .
3 U n d u p lic a te d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y p e n s io n s o r r e t i r e m e n t s e v e r a n c e p a y sh o w n s e p a r a te l y .
NOTE;
B e c a u s e of ro u n d in g ,
s u m s of in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o ta l s .
T a b le 4 0 . O th e r s e le c te d b e n e fits
( P e r c e n t of s e r v i c e w o r k e r s in c o n t r a c t c le a n in g s e r v i c e s e s ta b l is h m e n t s w ith p r o v is io n s f o r f u n e r a l le a v e p a y a n d j u r y d u ty p a y , 24 s e le c te d a r e a s , J u ly 1971)
I te m 1
B o s to n
A ll s e r v i c e
•# n rlfp rs
N e w a rk
and
Je rse y
C ity
N ew
Y o rk
N o r f o lk —
P o rts
N ew m o u th a n d R ic h W a sh C h i
P h i l a P i t t s A tla n ta B a l ti D a lla s L o u i s M e m M ia m i
O r le a n s N e w p o rt m o n d in g to n c a g o
v ille
p h is
m o re
d e lp h ia b u rg h
N ew sH a m p to n
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
21
25
63
52
89
31
26
4
29
5
5
7
7
6
6
6
14
14
7
13
30
33
We; s t
N o r th C e n t r a l
S outh
N o rth e a s t
100
C le v e
la n d
L o s A n g e le sSan
M in n e
L ong B e a c h
S e a ttle —
D e
M il a p o lis — St.
a n d A n a h e im — F r a n
c is c o — E v e r e t t
t r o i t w a u k e e St.
L o u is 1 S a n ta A n a Paul
G a r d e n G ro v e O akland
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
6
8
37
53
33
33
67
9
90
13
33
19
9
7
47
3
4
52
56
47
3
87
87
W o rk e r s in e s t a b l i s h
m e n ts w ith p r o v is i o n s
fo r:
F u n e r a l le a v e pa y.....- .
J u ry -d u ty p a y — -
1 F o r d e f in itio n of b e n e f i t s , s e e a p p e n d ix A .
L e s s th a n 0.5 p e r c e n t .
1
_
Appendix A.
Scope and M ethod of Survey
Scope of survey
Employment
The survey included establishments engaged primarily
in cleaning windows in business houses and dwellings
(SIC 7341); establishments engaged primarily in disin
fecting buildings and in exterminating insects, rodents,
etc. (SIC 7342), and establishments engaged primarily in
furnishing to dwellings and other buildings specialized
services, such as janitorial service, floor waxing, and
office cleaning (SIC 7349). These three industries
represent the entire Industry Group No. 734, as defined
in the 1967 edition of the Standard Industrial Classifica
tion Manual, prepared by the U.S. Office of Management
and Budget.
The establishments studied were selected from those
employing eight workers or more at the time of
reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists.
The establishments and workers actually studied by
the Bureau, as well as the number estimated to be within
scope of the survey during the payroll period studied,
are shown in table A-l.
The estimates of the number of workers within scope
of the study are intended as a general guide to the size
and composition of the labor force included in the
survey, rather than a precise measure of employment.
Service workers
The term “service worker,” as used in this report,
includes working foremen and all regularly employed
full- and part-time nonsupervisory workers engaged in
performing nonoffice functions. Adminstrative, execu
tive, professional, and technical personnel, and forceaccount construction employees, who were utilized as a
separate work force on the firm’s own properties, were
excluded. Casual workers, those hired on a job basis, also
were excluded.
Occupations selected for study
Occupational classification was based on a uniform set
of job descriptions designed to take account of inter
establishment and interarea variations in duties within
the same job. (See appendix B for descriptions.) The
occupations were chosen for their numerical importance,
their usefulness in collective bargaining, or their repre
sentativeness of the entire job scale in the industry. The
selected occupations included full- and part-time
workers (i.e., those scheduled to work regularly in the
establishment); casual workers, working supervisors,
apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handi
capped and probationary workers were excluded from
the data for selected occupations but, except for casual
workers, were included in the data for all service workers.
Method of study
Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s
field staff under the direction of the Bureau’s Assistant
Regional Directors for Operations. The survey was
conducted on a sample basis. To obtain appropriate
accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large
than of small establishments was studied. In combining
the data, however, all establishments were given their
appropriate weight. All estimates in this report are
presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in
the industry group, excluding only those below the
minimum size at the time of reference of the universe
data.
Establishment definition
Wage data
An establishment, for the purpose of this study, is
defined as a single physical location which provides
services to dwellings and other buildings on $fee or con
tract basis. An establishment is not necessarily identica1
with a business concern or company, which may consist
of one establishment or more.
Wage information relates to average straight-time
hourly and weekly earnings, excluding premium pay for
overtime and for work on weekends and holidays.
Premium pay for late-shift work and for hazardous work
was included in the straight-time earnings for workers
receiving such payments. This procedure was followed to
47
Table A-1. Estimated number of establishments and workers in contract cleaning services establishments
and number studied, July 1971
Number of establishments
Area 1
Within
scope of
study
Actually
studied
2
Workers in establishments
Within scope
of study
Total 1
3
2
Service
workers
Actually
studied
Total
Total, 24 areas ...........................................
2,150
550
132,691
118,328
88,161
Northeast:
B o sto n ................................................................
Newark and Jersey C i t y .......................... ..
New Y o rk ...........................................................
Philadelphia.......................................................
Pittsburgh...........................................................
121
92
367
127
42
32
24
61
32
16
5,702
6 ,068
39,572
5,058
2,056
5,058
5,668
36,343
4,360
1,868
3,792
4,157
28,740
2,971
1,609
South:
Atlanta ..............................................................
B altim ore...........................................................
Dallas..................................................................
Louisville...........................................................
Memphis ...........................................................
M ia m i..................................................................
New Orleans
...........................................
Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport
News—Hampton ...........................................
Richmond .........................................................
Washington, D.C................................................
60
57
45
18
14
54
33
18
18
17
10
9
17
12
4,913
4,422
2,760
937
1,119
1,889
2,018
4,254
3,780
2,537
794
948
1,562
1,784
3,484
3,801
2,090
766
991
1,214
1,568
25
22
103
10
11
36
1,331
1,327
9,741
1,125
1,215
8,864
1,114
830
6,163
North Central:
Chicago ..............................................................
Cleveland...........................................................
D e tro it................................................................
M ilw a u k e e .........................................................
Minneapolis—St. P a u l......................................
St. Louis..............................................................
160
64
107
43
64
68
38
24
29
16
19
23
9,395
3,255
4,884
1,767
2,477
3,293
8,265
2,959
4,017
1,521
2,240
2,978
5,696
2,562
2,874
1,051
1,549
1,995
West:
Los Angeles—Long Beach and Anaheim—
Santa Ana—Garden Grove ..........................
San Francisco—Oakland ...............................
Seattle—Everett..................................................
293
119
52
39
25
14
11,850
5,103
1,754
10,155
4,474
1,559
4,683
3,439
1,022
1
2
3
For definition of areas, see footnote 1, tables 9-32.
Includes only establishments which had 8 workers or more at the time of reference of the universe data.
Includes executive, professional, office clerical, and other workers excluded from the separate service worker category.
48
achieve comparable data between establishments which
have formal provisions for late-shift work and/or formal
provisions for hazardous work and those which have
built the differentials into the rate. Incentive payments,
such as those resulting from piecework or production
bonus systems, and cost-of-living payments were
included as part of the workers’ regular pay; however,
nonproduction bonus payments, such as Christmas or
yearend bonuses, were excluded.
Group average hourly earnings were obtained by
dividing aggregate weekly earnings by aggregate weekly
hours. 1 Average weekly earnings were obtained by
dividing the sum of the aggregate weekly earnings by the
total number of workers. For salaried workers,
“normal” hours were used rather than actual hours.
Weekly earnings were rounded to the nearest half dollar.
output. Production bonuses are based on production
over a quota or for completion of a job in less than
standard time.
Weekly hours of work
Data relate to the weekly hours actually worked by
each worker during the payroll period studied. Average
weekly hours worked were rounded to the nearest
half-hour.
Supplementary wage provisions
Method of wage payment
Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the
number of workers paid under the various time and
incentive wage systems. Formal rate structures for
time-rated workers provide single rates or a range of
rates for individual job categories. In the absence of a
formal rate structure, pay rates are determined primarily
by the qualifications of the individual worker.
A single rate structure is one in which the same rate is
paid to all experienced workers in the same job
classification. Learners, apprentices, or probationary
workers may be paid according to rate schedules which
start below the single rate and permit the workers to
achieve the full job rate over a period of time. Individual
experienced workers occasionally may be paid above or
below the single rate for special reasons, but such
payments are regarded as exceptions.
Range-of-rate plans are those in which the minimum
and/or maxpium rates paid experienced workers for the
same job are specified. Specific rates of individual
workers within the range may be determined by merit,
length of service, or a combination of various concepts
of merit and length of service.
Incentive workers include those paid commissions or
under piece work or bonus plans. Piecework is work for
which a predetermined rate is paid for each unit of*
Paid holidays. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day
and half-day holidays provided annually.
Paid vacations. The summary of vacation plans is limited
to formal arrangements, excluding informal plans where
by time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the
employer or the supervisor. Payments not on a time
basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2
percent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent
of 1 week’s pay. The periods of service for which data
are presented were selected as representative of the most
common practices, but they do not necessarily reflect
individual establishment provisions for progression. For
example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10
years of service may include changes in provisions which
occurred between 5 and 10 years.
Health, insurance, and pension plans. Data are presented
for all health, insurance, and pension plans for which the
employer pays all or part of the cost, excluding only
programs required by law such as workmen’s compensa
tion and social security. Among the plans included are
those underwritten by a commercial insurance company
and those paid for directly by the employer from his
current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this
purpose.
* This m eth od o f com puting average hourly earnings differs
from the usual practice in w hich average earnings are calculated
by sum m ing individual hourly earnings and dividing b y the
num ber o f individuals. This change in procedure was made
because o f the wide variations in individual w eek ly hours
w orked in the contract cleaning services industries; such variations
often are related to wide differences in hourly earnings. In the
earnings distribution tables, how ever, workers were distributed
am ong specified earnings classes according to their individual
hourly rates.
Supplementary benefits were treated statistically on
the basis that if formal provisions in an establishment
were applicable to half or more of the regularly
employed full- and part-time service workers in an
establishment, the practice or benefit was considered
applicable to all such workers. Similarly, if fewer than
half of such workers were covered, the practice or
benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment.
Because of length-of-service and other eligibility require
ments, the proportion of workers receiving the benefits
may be smaller than estimated. Because of rounding,
sums of individual items may not equal totals.
49
Death benefits are included as a form of life
insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to
that type of insurance under which predetermined cash
payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly
or monthly basis during illness or accident disability.
Information is presented for all such plans to which the
employer contributes at least part of the cost. However,
in New York and New Jersey, where temporary
disability insurance laws require employer contribu
tions,2 plans are included only if the employer (1)
contributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides
the employees with benefits which exceed requirements
of the law.
Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to
formal plans which provide full pay or a proportion of
the workers’ pay during absence from work because of
illness; informal arrangements have been omitted.
Separate tabulations are provided for (1) plans which
provide full pay and no waiting period and (2) plans
providing either partial pay or a waiting period.
Medical insurance refers to plans providing for com
plete or partial payment of doctors’ fees. Such plans
may be underwritten by a commercial insurance com
pany or a nonprofit organization, or they may be
self-insured.
Major medical insurance, sometimes referred to as
extended medical or catastrophe insurance, includes the
plans designed to cover employees for sickness or injury
involving an expense which goes beyond the normal
coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans.
Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to
plans which provide regular payments upon retirement
for the remainder of the worker’s life. Data are
presented separately for retirement severance payments
(one payment or several over a specified period of time)
made to employees on retirement. Establishments pro
viding both retirement severance payments and retire
ment pensions to employees were considered as having
both retirement pension and retirement severance plans.
E stablishm ents having optional plans providing
employees a choice of either retirement severance
payments or pensions were considered as having only
retirement pension benefits.
Paid funeral and jury-duty leave. Data for paid funeral
and jury-duty leave relate to formal provisions for at
least partial payment for time lost as a result of
attending funerals of specified family members or
serving as a juror.
'j
T he tem porary disability insurance laws in California and
R h ode Island do n ot require em ployer contrib utions.
50
Appendix B.
Occupational Descriptions
The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its
field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of
payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to
area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Be
cause of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content,
the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments
or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field staff are
instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handi
capped, temporary, and probationary workers. Regularly employed part-time workers were in
cluded in the selected occupations.
operation of heating,
mechanical equipment.
Cleaner, heavy
(Janitor, porter, utility laborer)
air-conditioning,
or
other
Exterminator
Kills, by application of chemicals, vermin such as
roaches, beetles, moths, ants, bedbugs, rats, and mice
which infest dwellings and other buildings. Work
involves the following: Spraying chemical solutions
throughout rooms and into hiding places with a spray
gun to kill insects; dusting sodium fluoride and other
poisonous chemical powders into hiding places of
roaches; and setting out poisonous paste or bait in boxes
or other containers near places where vermin are present.
May remove mattresses, upholstered furniture, and
clothing from building and fumigate them in a vault at
the business establishment to destroy insects. Excludes
workers who specialize in the destruction of insects and
rodents through the use of lethal fumigants, and those
engaged primarily in termite control.
Performs heavy cleaning duties in dwellings and other
buildings, including any or a combination o f the
following: Operating heavy motor-driven cleaning equip
ment (other than light vacuum sweepers and floor
waxers); wet-mopping floors; washing walls and glass
partitions; polishing marble or brass; moving heavy
furniture; hosing sidewalks and shoveling snow; and
removing heavy rubbish. Include in this classification
workers who perform combination duties of cleaning
and providing minor maintenance services, such as
changing light bulbs, repairing Venetian blinds, and
installing and/or removing electric fans. Exclude workers
who specialize in window washing (window washers),
workers waxing floors (waxers, floor), and those who are
additionally responsible for the operation of heating,
air-conditioning, or other mechanical equipment.
Waxer, floor
Cleaner, light
Cleans, waxes, and polishes floors by hand or
machine. Work involves: Removing dirt and blemishes
from floor, using various cleaning solvents and conv
pounds according to the composition of floor; applying
paste or liquid wax to floor with rags or machine; and
polishing floor with electric polishing machine or
weighted brush.
(Janitor, porter, sweeper, charman, or charwoman)
Performs light cleaning duties in dwellings and other
buildings, usually limited to tasks such as: Sweeping and
dry-mopping floors; dusting furniture and equipment;
emptying waste baskets; and vacuuming rugs with a
home-type vacuum cleaner. Exclude workers performing
heavy cleaning tasks described above (cleaners, heavy),
workers specializing in window washing (window
washers), workers waxing floors (waxers, floor),
chambermaids, and those who are responsible for the
Window washer
Cleans windows, inside or outside, in establishments
such as office buildings, stores, apartment houses,
private homes, and hotels.
51
Industry W age Studies
The most recent reports for the other industries ineluded in the Bureau’s program of industry wage surveys
since January 1960 are listed below. Copies are available
from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern-
ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or from
any of its regional sales offices, and from the Bureau of
Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212, or from any
of its regional offices shown on the inside back cover.
I. Occupational Wage Studies
Manufacturing
Price
Basic Iron and Steel, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1602 ........................................................................................................... $0.55
Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1732 ...............................................................................45
Cigar Manufacturing, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1796 .........................................................................................................
(*)
Cigarette Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1748 ........................................................................................................... 30
Cotton and Man-Made Fiber Textiles, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1637 ...............................................................................
1.00
Fabricated Structural Steel, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1695 .......................................................................................................50
Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1763 ........................................................................................................... 75
Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1576 ....................................................................................... 25
Fluid Milk Industry, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1464 ....................................................................................................................30
Footwear, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1792 ............................................................................................................................
(*)
Hosiery, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1743 ....................................................................................................................................... 75
Industrial Chemicals, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1768 ...........................................................................................................
.80
Iron and Steel Foundries, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1626 ..................................................................................................
1.00
Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1618 ................................................................................................ 55
Machinery Manufacturing, 1970-71. BLS Bulletin 1754 ............................................................................................
1.00
Meat Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1677 ....................................................................................................................
1.00
Men’s and Boys’ Separate Trousers, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1752 ..........................................................................................60
Men’s and Boys’ Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1794 .......................................
(*)
Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 6 .....................................................................................
1.00
Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1690 ................................................................................................ 60
Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1679 ........................................................................................................... 75
Nonferrous Foundries, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1726 ............................................................................................................... 50
Paints and Varnishes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1739 ..................................................................................................................60
Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1719 ...................................................................................
1.25
Petroleum Refining, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1741 ....................................................................................................................50
Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 3 ..................................................................................... 50
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1608 ............................................................................................60
Southern Sawmills and Planing Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1694 ....................................................................................... 50
Structural Clay Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1697 ........................................................................................................... 65
Synthetic Fibers, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1740 ........................................................................................................................ 40
Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1757 .................................................. ..................................................70
See footnote on next page.
I. Occupational Wage Studies-Continued
Manufac turing-Con tinued
Price
West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1704 ....................................................................................................... $0.45
Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1728 ....................................................................................... 35
Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1649 ................................................................................... i................ 45
Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1793 .........................................................
( x)
Wool Textiles, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1 5 5 1 ..............................................................................................................................45
Work Clothing 1968. BLS Bulletin 1624 ............................................................................................................................50
Nonmanufacturing
Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1689 .........................................................................................................50
Banking, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1703 ....................................................................................................................................... 65
Bituminous Coal Mining, 1957. BLS Bulletin 1583 ........................................................................................................... 50
Communications, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1751 .............................................................................................. ......................... 30
Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1566 ........................................................................ 30
Educational Institutions: Nonteaching Employees, 1968-69. BLS Bulletin 1 6 7 1 ........................................................... 50
Electric and Gas Utilities, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1 6 1 4 ........................................................................................................... 70
Hospitals, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1688 ............................................................................................................................
1.00
Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1645 ................................................................................................ 75
Life Insurance, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1569 .............................................................................................................................30
Motion Picture Theaters, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1542 ........................................................................................................... 35
Nursing Homes and Related Facilities, 1967-68. BLS Bulletin 1638 ................................................................................. 75
Scheduled Airlines, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1734 ......................................................................................................................45
Wages and Tips in Restaurants and Hotels, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 2 ...............................................................................60
II. Other Industry Wage Studies
Employee Earnings and Hours in Nonmetropolitan Areas of the South and North Central Regions,
1965. BLS Bulletin 1552 .................................................................................................................................................. 50
Employee Earnings and Hours in Eight Metropolitan Areas of the South, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1533 .......................... 40
Employee Earnings and Hours in Retail Trade, June 1966Retail Trade (Overall Summary). BLS Bulletin 1584 .....................................................................................
1.00
Building Materials, Hardware, and Farm Equipment Dealers. BLS Bulletin 1584-1 ............................................30
General Merchandise Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-2 ...................................................................................................55
Food Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-3 .............................................................................................................................60
Automotive Dealers and Gasoline Service Stations. BLS Bulletin 1584-4 .............................................. ..
.50
Apparel and Accessory Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-5........................................................................................
.55
Furniture, Home Furnishings, and Household Appliance Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-6...............................
.50
Miscellaneous Retail Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-7 ...................................................................................................65
i
Price not yet available.
☆
U. S. GOVERN MEN T P- uNT ING O F F I C E : 1973 O - 5 4 3 - 7 5 5 (1)
BUREAU O F LABOR S T A T IS T IC S
REG IONAL OFFICES
Region I
1603 JFK Federal Building
Government Center
Boston, Mass. 02203
Phone: 223-6762 (Area Code 617)
Region V
8th Floor, 3 00 South Wacker Drive
Chicago, III. 60606
Phone: 353-1880 (Area Code 312)
Region II
1515 Broadway
New York, N.Y. 10036
Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212)
Region VI
1100 Commerce St., Rm. 6B7
Dallas, Tex. 75202
Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214)
Region III
P. O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, Pa. 19101
Phone: 597-1154 (Area Code 215)
Regions V II and V III *
Federal Office Building
911 Walnut St., 15th Floor
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816)
Region IV
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree St., NE.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309
Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404)
Regions IX and X * *
450 Golden Gate Ave.
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415)
Regions V II and V III are serviced by Kansas City.
Regions IX and X are serviced by San Francisco.
@FedFRASER