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J. a? . O . Industry Wage Survey: Basic Iron and Steel 1978-79 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics May 1980 Bulletin 2064 Industry W age Survey: Basic Iron and Steel 1978-79 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Nonwood, Commissioner May 1980 Bulletin 2064 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Preface This bulletin summarizes the results of a February 1978 Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of occupation al wages, establishment practices, and supplementary benefits in the basic iron and steel industry. It also pro vides major wage and benefit changes that have taken place between the February 1978 survey and Novem ber 1979, when this report was prepared. Summary 79-10, providing data on occupational earn ings from the survey, was issued earlier. Copies are available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Wash ington, D.C. 20212, or any of its regional offices. This study was conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. Joseph C. Bush of the Division of Occupational Wage Structures prepared the analysis in this bulletin. Field work for the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional Commissioners for Operations. Other publications available from the Bureau’s indus try wage studies program, as well the addresses of the Bureau’s regional offices, are listed at the end of this bulletin. Material in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission of the Fed eral Government. Please credit the Bureau of Labor Statistics and cite Industry Wage Survey: Basic Iron and Steel, 1978-79, BLS Bulletin 2064. iii Contents Summary .......................................................................................................................... Recent wage and benefit changes .................................................................................... Industry characteristics...................................................................................................... Employment and production .................................................................................... Products and processes ............................................................................................. Location .............................................................................................................. Union contract status .......................................................................... Job evaluation system ............................................................................................... Method of wage payment ....................................................................................... Average hourly earnings ...................................................................... Occupational earnings ........................................................................... Establishment practices and supplementary wage benefits ............................................ Scheduled weekly hours and overtime pay provisions ............................ ............. Shift differential practices ................................................................................. Paid holidays ............................................................................................................ Annual and extended paid vacations ...................................................................... Health, insurance, and retirement benefits............................................................... Other selected benefits ............................................................................................. Page 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 g 8 g Text tables : 1. Basic hourly wage rates and pay relatives for workers in selected occupations in steel mills with common job and pay systems ......... 1 2. Number of job classes in which incentive earnings exceeded basic wage rates by specified percentages for incentive workers in basic iron and steel mills with common job and pay systems ............................................... 7 Reference tables: 1. Earnings distribution ......................................................................................... 2. Occupational hourly earnings by method of wagepayment ............................ 9 10 Charts: 1. Steelmaking process ........................................................................................... 2. Steel production by major type of furnace,1960-1978 ...................................... 3 4 Appendixes: A. Common job and pay system schedule ............................................................ B. Scope and method of survey .................................................................... C. Occupational descriptions .................................................................................. 22 23 26 v Basic Iron and Steel, 1978-79 Summary Recent wage and benefit changes Straight-time pay in basic iron and steel mills aver aged $8.32 an hour in February 1978—up 74 percent since the Bureau of Labor Statistics 1972 survey of the industry.1 Over the same period, average earnings of production workers in manufacturing rose 51 percent. Slightly over two-thirds of the 345,000 production workers covered by a 1978 Bureau steel study were in mills using a common job and pay system. Pay levels in mills under this system averaged $8.45 an hour, com pared to $8.03 in other establishments. Individual straight-time earnings for 94 percent of the production workers ranged from $6.60 to $10.80 an hour in February 1978. The middle 50 percent of the workers earned between $7.58 and $9.04 an hour. Work ers paid on an incentive basis, accounting for four-fifths of the work force, averaged $8.59 an hour, compared with $7.20 for time-rated workers. Among the 100 occupational classifications selected to represent earnings levels for various activities per formed by steelworkers, pay levels ranged from $12.89 an hour for tandem-mill rollers in continuous hot-strip mills to $6.55 for wire drawers on continuous machines in rod and wire mills (mostly found in mills not under a common job and pay system). The two most popu lous jobs surveyed and their hourly pay levels were millwright, who is the primary mechanic maintaining steel machinery ($8.91), and laborer ($6.67). At least nine-tenths of the production workers were in mills that provided various types of health and in surance benefits, pension plans, supplemental unemploy ment benefits, 10 paid holidays annually, regular paid vacations, and extended vacation benefits. Between the February 1978 survey period and No vember 1979, basic hourly wage rates for workers cov ered by the United Steelworkers of America (USA) agreements with the major steel companies—the Coor dinating Committee Steel Companies—rose 17 to 23 percent, depending on the job class.2 The 21-month in crease included three 10-cent-an-hour general advances, and seven cost-of-living adjustments totaling $1.26. Over the same period, wages in manufacturing rose 15 percent. As a result of uniform cents-per-hour increases, the spread in the wage rate structure for union steelwork ers has narrowed substantially in recent years. The wage rate for tandem-mill rollers in job class 32, for example, was 42 percent more than laborers (job class 1) in No vember 1979 compared with a 50-percent differential in February 1978 and an 80-percent spread in Septem ber 1972 (text table 1). The February 1978 survey results incorporate firstyear provisions of the current USA labor-management agreements. Subsequent to the survey, contract-stipu lated improvements in employee benefits for steelwork ers took effect, as follows: 1. An eleventh paid holiday—United Nations Day (fourth Monday in October)—was added in 1979. Text table 1. systems 1See appendix B for scope and method o f study. For results o f the 1972 survey, see Industry Wage Survey: Basic Iron and Steel, Septem ber 1972, BLS Bulletin 1839 (1975). 2See Current Wage Developments, U.S. Department o f Labor, Bu reau o f Labor Statistics, various 1978 and 1979 issues. Basic hourly wage rates and pay relatives for workers in selected occupations in steel mills with common job and pay Pay relatives Basic wage rates1 Occupation L a borers.................................................................. Chargers (bar mills) .............................................. Locom otive engineers ............................................. Millwrights ............................................................. First helpers (open hearth) ................................. Tandem-mill rollers ................................................. Typical job class 1 6 11 16 27 32 September 1972 February 1978 November 1979 September 1972 February 1978 November 1979 $3,520 3.896 4.366 4.836 5.870 6.340 $6,705 7.149 7.704 8.259 9.480 10.035 $8,265 8.733 9.318 9.903 11.190 11.775 100 111 124 137 167 180 100 107 115 123 141 154 100 106 113 120 135 142 'Includes cost-of-living adjustments. (laborers in jo b class 1 = 100) 1 pany revenues between 1972 ($22.5 billion) and 1978 ($47 billion). 2. A new vision care program that provides for pe riodic examinations and reduced costs for lenses and frames began on August 19,1979. 3. Sickness and accident benefit payments rose ap proximately 15-1/2 percent between February 1978 and November 1979. In late 1979, sickness and accident payments to eligible employees ranged from $153 to $211 a week. 4. Major medical coverage for active workers rose to $50,000 (was $25,000) lifetime and $30,000 (was $15,000) annually, effective August 1979. At the same time, coverage for certain hospital and phy sician service benefits was extended; e.g., in the area of emergency and outpatient care, and diag nostic X-rays. 5. Pension benefits increased for surviving spouses, prior retirees, and new pensioners. For the latter group, the new minimum pension as of August 1979 (in addition to social security) was $427.50, up from $395.50 for a steelworker with 30 years of service. Retirees also were granted increased life insurance and medical care protection. Products and processes. The manufacture of basic iron and steel products consists of a series of processes that are closely related and yet quite varied. First, iron ore is reduced to molten iron in blast furnaces. The iron is then converted into steel in open hearth, basic oxygen, or electric steelmaking furnaces. Finally, the steel is rolled into basic products, such as plates, sheets, strips, rods, bars, and structural shapes. These basic products usually are sold for further processing; however, many steel plants also produce finished products, such as wire, pipes, and tubes. Chart 1 indicates the major steelmaking processes and some of the important products of the industry.8 Iron and steel plants differ in the number and types of operations they perform. Many of these plants are fully integrated, that is they operate coke plants, blast furnaces, steel furnaces, and rolling and finishing mills. Some plants are partially integrated, having steelmaking furnaces and rolling mills or forging shops, but not blast furnaces. Nonintegrated plants include (1) those which operate only blast furnaces or (2) those which engage in rolling and finishing various products from steel, but do not operate either blast furnaces or steelmaking furnaces. Steel production by type of furnace has changed dra matically during the 1960’s and 1970’s. The basic oxy gen process and the increased use of electric furnaces have opened up new job opportunities while jobs on open hearths have decreased. In 1960, 87 percent of the steel production came from open hearths, 3 percent from basic oxygen converters, and 8 percent from elec tric furnaces. In 1978, the corresponding percentages were 15, 61, and 23 (chart 2). The shortened produc tion time with basic oxygen converters is an important reason for the switchover—a basic oxygen furnace makes over 300 tons of steel in 45 minutes while an open hearth furnace takes 5 to 8 hours. Strand casting, a recent technological development, produces a continuous ribbon of steel. This process eliminates ingot teeming (filling), stripping, soaking, and rolling in the production of slabs and billets. Industry characteristics Employment and production. Steel employment con tinued to decline while production rose between the Bureau’s 1972 and 1978 industry wage studies. The number of production workers fell by about 50,000, to about 345,000 in February 1978. (Total production worker hours, however, remained basically unchanged.) Steel output, at 137 million tons,3 was, in contrast, 7 percent higher in 1978 than in 1972. Increased output coupled with stable hours resulted in 7-percent gain in productivity in the steel industry from 1972 to 1978, as measured by output per production worker hour.4 This was, however, below the modest rise in productivity (12 percent) for all manufacturing workers over the same period. Despite higher domestic production, the U.S. share of the world’s steel output was lower in 1978 (17.5 per cent) than in 1972 (19.2 percent) and in 1965 (26.0 per cent).5Steel imports on the U.S. market, moreover, have increased to the point where about 50,000 workers in 1977 and 12,700 in 1978 were certified as unemployed due to the effects of such imports. U.S. steelworkers have received, between 1975 and 1978, a total of $157 million in payments under the Trade Act of 1974 as partial compensation for the loss of their jobs .6 Steel industry leaders have pointed out that the low rate of return on investment (2.8 percent in 1978 and 4.4 percent in 1972) has hindered steel companies from raising sufficient capital to modernize plants built at the end of World War II and to meet new environmental standards.7 Price increases (95 percent) for steel mill products accounted for almost all of the increase in steel com 3Based on data published by the American Iron and Steel Institute. 4 Based on data published by BLS Office of Productivity and Technology. 5American Iron and Steel Institute. 6Based on data published by the Bureauof International Labor A f fairs, U.S. Department o f Labor. 7 See Proceedings: Steel Industry Economics Seminar, January 17-19, 1979 (Graduate School o f Business Administration, University o f Washington, Seattle, Washington). 8For a more detailed explanation o f the steelmaking process, see The Making o f Steel, Washington, D.C., American Iron and Steel In stitute, 1978. 2 Coke Ovens Blast Furnaces Oxygen Converter Open Hearth Furnaces Ingot Molds Electric Furnaces Strippers Strand Casting Soaking Pits Billets Slabs Blooms Rails & Structural Steel Billets Slabs Pipes & Tubes Plate, Sheet, Strip 8. Tin Plate 3 Bars, Rods & Wire Chart 2. Steel production by major type of furnace, 1960-1978 Raw s te e l p ro d u c tio n (m illions o f net to n s) Source: American Iron and S teel Institute 4 janitor, laborer, toolmaker, wire-drawer, assistant barmill roller, strand caster, and run-out operator. Location. Although steel mills are found in over 30 States, production is concentrated in relatively few. In 1978, 5 States accounted for seven-tenths of U.S. raw steel production: Pennsylvania (20 percent), Indiana (18 percent), Ohio (15 percent), Illinois (9 percent), and Michigan (8 percent).9 Similarly, steel employment was concentrated in these States, and to a lesser extent in Alabama, California, Maryland, and New York. Average hourly earnings Straight-time earnings of 345,000 production and re lated workers in basic iron and steel mills averaged $8.32 an hour in February 197810 (table 1). This was 74 percent higher than the $4.79 average that was record ed in the Bureau’s September 1972 study. By compar ison, earnings of all production workers in manufactur ing rose 51 percent11 between these dates, while con sumer prices increased by 49 percent.12 Much of the 74-percent increase in average earnings is attributable to general wage changes negotiated un der union contracts .13 In mills with common job and pay systems, the average went up 75 percent between September 1972 and February 1978. Increases by job class varied widely during the same period, however— from 91 percent ($3.52 to $6.71) for job classes 1 and 2 to 59 percent for job class 34, the top class. (See ap pendix A for wage rates.) In mills without the common job and pay system, wage levels rose 73 percent. Steelworkers in establishments with the common job and pay system averaged $8.45 an hour in February 1978 compared to $8.03 for those in other establish ments. Timeworkers in the former group held a 81-cent advantage over their counterparts in other steel mills. However, for incentive workers, the situation was re versed—a 7-cent advantage to workers not under the common job and pay system. Individual earnings of 90 percent of the production workers ranged from $6.60 to $10 an hour. The middle 50 percent of the workers earned between $7.58 and $9.04 an hour—a relatively narrow band. The disper sion index for production workers was 18, among the Union contract status. Nearly all establishments stud ied reported that collective bargaining agreements cov ered a majority of their plant workers. The USA had contracts with plants that employed 94 percent of the industry’s work force. During February 1978, major basic steel companies were operating under contracts with the USA which began in August 1977 and were due to expire in August 1980. If the 1977 procedures are followed, however, several major companies and the Steelworkers will try to settle on new contract terms well before the August 1980 expiration date. Both sides attributed the early settlement in 1977 to the “Experi mental Negotiating Agreement,” which set a number of procedural deadlines and rules. Job evaluation system. Slightly over two-thirds of the production workers were employed in establishments using a common job evaluation system, which has the same minimum rate and the same increment between job classes. Under this system, all occupational classi fications are assigned point values on the basis of fac tors such as experience, skill, responsibility, effort, and working conditions. These point values, in turn, are re lated to 1 of 34 established labor grades. (See appendix A for the wage schedule relating to the system.) At the time of the 1978 survey, the minimum rate was $6,705 an hour and the uniform increment between grades was 11.1 cents. Janitors and general laborers, grades 1 and 2, which have the same rate, were found at the bottom of the wage structure. Not all of the establishments us ing the system have the full complement of grades. About one-tenth of the production workers were in plants that used the job evaluation system described above, but had different minimum rates and/or differ ent increments between job classes. Mills with other types of formal job evaluation systems had approxi mately one-fifth of the work force, and mills without a formal system, less than 5 percent. 9 American Iron and Steel Institute. 10Straight-time average hourly earnings in this bulletin differ in con cept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau’s monthly hours and earnings series. Unlike the latter, the estimate presented here excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Average earnings are calculated by summing individual hourly earnings and dividing by the number o f individuals; in the monthly series, the sum o f the worker-hour to tals reported by establishments in the industry is divided into the re ported payroll totals. The Bureau’s monthly series includes certain establishments that are excluded from this survey, such as those hav ing fewer than 250 employees and establishments engaged primarily in manufacturing electrometallurgical products. 11Based on the BLS Hourly Earnings Index. 12Based on the BLS Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earn ers and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). 13Steelworkers under common job and pay systems received two major types o f wage changes between 1972 and 1978: (1) General increases granted annually, and (2) cost-of-living adjustments each quarter. Also contributing to the large wage changes were increases in rates used for incentive calculations and adjustments to the size o f the increments between job classes. Method of wage payment. Four-fifths of the production and related workers covered by the study received pay based on some form of wage incentive; seven-eighths in establishments that used the common job evaluation system and two-thirds in other establishments. The ma jority of the workers in all but seven of the occupations studied separately were paid on an incentive basis. The survey occupations that were typically time rated were 5 two-thirds of the 345,000 production and related work ers covered by the study, divide their incentive jobs into three categories: Direct incentive, indirect incen tive, and secondary indirect incentive jobs. The groups are differentiated by the extent to which a worker, alone or as part of a crew, can affect or control the rate of output or the utilization of equipment. Straight-time pay for incentive workers is computed by applying a per centage, usually based on a group production bonus, to the “incentive calculation rate” before combining with an “hourly additive,” which includes cost-of-living ad justments. In each job class, the sum of its incentive calculation rate and hourly additive equals the basic wage rate, as illustrated in appendix A. Incentive workers classified in the survey by specif ic department were, for the most part, considered to be on direct or indirect incentives; they usually averaged substantially more above their basic wage rates than those classified regardless of department, such as main tenance workers and general laborers, who were com monly on secondary indirect incentives. As shown in text table 2, four-fifths of the job class averages in spec ified departments were at least 15 percent above the basic wage rates. On the other hand, averages for in centive workers in jobs classified regardless of depart ment (the “all departments” group) ranged from 5 per cent to 9 percent above in nearly three-fifths of the cases. Only one-seventh of the job class averages were 30 percent or more above the basic rates in specified departments in 1978 compared with three-sevenths of those in 1972. These patterns reflect, to some degree, guides in ma jor collective bargaining agreements of the industry that call for incentive plans providing opportunities to earn 35 percent above the incentive calculation rate for di rect incentive jobs; 23 percent above for indirect incen tive jobs; and 12 percent above for secondary indirect incentive jobs. The survey, however, also reflects un ion contract references indicating that incentive earn ings vary widely, with some well below and some far above the earnings opportunity guide. Earnings of individual workers were distributed wide ly within the same occupation and job class as a result of differences in incentive earnings. In a large number of instances, the highest hourly earnings exceeded the lowest in the same occupation and job class by $2 or more. Consequently, a number of workers in compar atively low job classes earned more than some workers lowest of those recorded for a manufacturing industry included in the Bureau’s Industry Wage Survey program .14 The primary reason for this concentration of earn ings is the degree of uniformity built into the nation wide job evaluation system in force for a large major ity of the workers. Although four-fifths of the workers had incentive pay in February 1978, they were primar ily under a group-bonus plan which limits variations in earnings among individual workers. Most of the total earnings variation for timeworkers was due to the way they were distributed among steel mills with different pay levels; for incentive workers, in contrast, disper sion of earnings was overwhelming—the result of the earnings ranges for occupations within establishments. Occupational earnings Wage data were obtained for approximately 100 oc cupational classifications selected to represent earnings levels for various activities performed by production workers; these occupations accounted for approximate ly one-third of the total production work force (table 2). For purposes of this survey, the jobs were divided into two groups. In the first group, jobs classifications were limited to workers in selected departments. The three most numerically important jobs in this group and their February 1978 averages were wire drawer on con tinuous machines in rod and wire mills ($6.55 an hour), cut-off machine operator in tube mills ($7.75), and keep er helper in blast furnaces ($8.29). The most populous jobs in the second group, which included workers re gardless of department, were millwright ($8.91 an hour), laborer ($6.67), and motor inspector ($9.01). For skilled repair and maintenance personnel in es tablishments that used the common job and pay system, data were reported separately for workers receiving the top rate for the job and for those receiving lower rates.15 Average earnings for those at the top rates ranged from $9.50 an hour for electronic repairmen to $8.57 for painters. The difference in earnings between top rated and lower rated workers within the same job amount ed to 7 percent or less in 18 of the 21 craft occupations where other averages could be published. For mill wrights, those receiving less than the top rate averaged more than the top rated journeymen due to the effect of incentive earnings. Incentive workers covered by the survey almost al ways earned more than timeworkers in the same job. For most of the 41 occupational classifications permit ting comparison, the differential fell between 5 percent and 40 percent. A similar spread was noted in the 1972 survey. To understand better the earnings patterns that emerged among incentive-paid jobs, the formal pay pol icy in establishments under a common job and pay sys tem was examined. These establishments, employing 14 The dispersion index is computed by dividing the difference be tween the first and third quartiles by the median. ^Establishments have a range o f rates for such workers which in cludes a beginning rate which starts four job classes below the top or standard rate; an intermediate rate which starts tw o job classes below; and the top or standard rate. Workers who receive the be ginning or intermediate rate, although they are qualified journeymen, were classified as receiving a rate lower than the top rate. 6 Text table 2. Number of job classes in which incentive earnings exceeded basic wage rates1 by specified percentages for incentive workers in basic iron and steel mills with common job and pay systems Department or occupation Total Number of job class averages in which earnings exceed basic wage scales by specified percentages number of job 0 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 39 40 percent class percent percent percent and over percent percent percent percent percent averages tabulated Selected departments3 ........................... Basic oxygen furnaces .................... Bloom-slab and billet mills ............. Bar mills ............................................ Continuous hot-strip mills ............... Cold-strip and sheet mills ............... 133 13 20 8 21 17 All departments4 ....................................... Electricians (shop) ........................... M a ch in ists.......................................... Millwrights ........................................ Mobile^equipment mechanics ......... First power engineers ...................... 86 4 3 4 3 4 1 8 — — — — — 2 1 — 1 — 4 — 20 1 3 4 — — — — — Number of workers Wire drawers (continuous Scarfers machines) Job class 7 Job class 9 ....................................... ........... . . . . . . . ........... ................. ........... 12 39 52 4 79 $ 9 .0 0 and u n d er $9 .5 0 5 11 $ 1 0 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 0 . 5 0 ........... ........... $ 1 0 .5 0 an d u n d er $11 .0 0 45 21 4 $ 1 1 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 1 . 5 0 ........... ........... $ 1 1 . 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 2 . 0 0 ........... ........... $ 1 2 . 0 0 a n d o v e r ............................... ........... 33 13 57 _ T o t a l w o r k e r s .................... ........... A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s ........... ........... 240 $ 1 0.43 253 $ 9.08 ................. ........... $ 9 . 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 0 . 0 0 .............. ........... 32 62 4 — — 1 3 4 — 1 — 1 1 8 — 4 _ — 3 Shift differential practices. At the time of the survey, slightly over one-fourth of the production workers were employed on second shifts and another one-fifth, on third or other late shifts. More than nine-tenths of the second-shift workers received differentials of 20 cents an hour above day rates; virtually all workers on third or other late shifts received differentials of 30 cents an hour. About 3 of every 5 steelworkers were assigned to rotating shifts, where day, evening, and night tours are variously worked; most of these workers staffed departments that must be in continuous operation; e.g., blast and open hearth furnaces. A large majority of the remaining were found on fixed day shifts. 10 10 Establishment practices and supplementary wage benefits Data also were obtained on certain establishment practices including overtime, shift work, and work schedules, as well as on provisions for paid holidays, paid vacations, health insurance and retirement plans, and other benefits for plant workers. Paid holidays. Paid holidays (mostly 10 days annual ly) were provided to plant workers by all establishments studied. Union contracts usually listed the following as paid holidays: New Year’s Day, Washington’s Birth day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Fourth of July, La bor Day, Thanksgiving Day, the day after Thanksgiv ing, Christmas Eve, and Christmas Day. Holidays that Scheduled weekly hours and overtime pay provisions. Work schedules of 40 hours a week were in effect in establishments employing nearly all of the plantworkers in February 1978. Virtually all establish ments visited provided daily and weekly overtime to 8 5 7 — production workers. Major union contracts call for overtime pay at the rate of one and one-half times the regular rate of pay for: (1) Hours worked in excess of 8 in a workday; (2) hours worked in excess of 40 in a payroll week; and (3) hours worked on the sixth or seventh workday (a) in a payroll week during which work was performed on 5 other workdays, or (b) of any 7-consecutive-day period during which the first 5 days were worked, whether or not the period consists of 1 payroll week or parts of 2 payroll weeks. In Feb ruary 1978, workers under such contracts were paid a premium of 50 percent based on their regular rate of pay (average straight-time hourly earnings for incen tive workers) for all hours worked on Sunday which were not paid for on an overtime basis. in higher job classes. The following tabulation for es tablishments using common job and pay systems, illus trates the overlap in earnings between scarfers (job class 7) and wire drawers (job class 9) despite a $1.35 differ ence in hourly averages between the two jobs. U n d er $8 .0 0 — 20 2 2 — 4 3 26 2 3 2 — — 11ncludes cost-of-living pay. 2Limited to job class information published in table 2. in c lu d e s data for workers in departments not shown separately. Classification of workers in some jobs selected for separate study were limited to specified departments. $ 8 .0 0 an d und er $8 .5 0 $ 8 .5 0 an d u n d er $9 .0 0 38 6 5 — — — — 5 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — : — 4Relates to workers classified in selected jobs regardless of department in which they are employed. Includes data for occupations in addition to those shown separately. 50 2 — 1 3 4 — 27 4 5 2 5 2 7 fall on a Sunday were observed the following Monday. For work on a paid holiday, employees received two and one-half times their regular rate of pay. weeks; for those with 2 to 19 years, 52 weeks; and with 20 years or more, 104 weeks. The medical insurance plan also covered dependents and provided hospitali zation benefits and full payments, on a prevailing fee basis, of covered physicians’ services. The major med ical insurance plan covered the employee and depen dents for 80 percent of medical costs not covered the employee and dependents for 80 percent of medical costs not covered by the basic medical plan, subject to a $50 deductible and annual/lifetime limits. Pension plans, providing benefits in addition to those under Federal social security, applied to nearly all plantworkers. The pension formula in major contracts was based on years of service and earnings in the last year of service; it granted a worker with last-year earnings of $25,000 a monthly pension of $438 for 20 years of service and $656, for 30 years, as of February 1978! Pension plans in the major steel companies also includ ed provisions for vesting, early retirement, permanent disability, and partial payments to widows and widowers. Annual and extended paid vacations. Annual paid va cations, after qualifying periods of service, were pro vided to production workers by all establishments. Typ ical vacation provisions at selected periods of service were 1 week’s pay after 1 year of service, 2 weeks af ter 3 years, 3 weeks after 10 years, 4 weeks after 17 years, and 5 weeks after 25 years. Vacation bonuses—lump-sum payments in addition to vacation pay—applied to nearly nine-tenths of the plantworkers. These bonuses, which ranged from $30 to $75 at the time of the survey, were granted to all covered workers. The top of the range is paid when vacations are scheduled during unfavorable seasons. Extended vacations were available to production workers in establishments employing seven-eighths of the work force. With relatively few exceptions, extend ed vacations were granted under a savings and vaca tion plan. Under such plans, employers contributed a specified amount to a fund that provided 13 weeks’ va cation every 5 years to “Senior Group” employees (onehalf of the employees in the work force with longest continuous service) and 3 weeks, in addition to regular vacation, every 5 years for “Junior Group” employees. Other selected benefits. Technological severance pay was provided by establishments employing slightly less than four-fifths of the production workers. This bene fit provides pay to employees permanently separated from work as a result of the closing of a department or plant, or the introduction of new equipment. Under terms of major union contracts, workers receive be tween 4 and 8 weeks’ pay depending on the length of their continuous service with the company. Supplemental unemployment benefits were provided by establishments employing more than nine-tenths of the production workers. Major union contracts provide that plant employees receive pay during weeks in which a worker is eligible for State unemployment benefits. Earnings protection plans, designed to protect the level of earnings of workers assigned to lower paying jobs due to technological change, were provided in es tablishments employing nearly seven-eighths of the pro duction workers. Health, insurance, and retirement benefits. Nearly all steel production workers were provided benefits through life, sickness and accident, hospitalization, sur gical, basic medical, and major medical insurance pro grams. In nearly all instances, employers paid all of the cost of these programs. Under provisions found in the major union contracts in the industry, basic life insurance for active plantworkers ranged from $10,000 to $12,500, depending on wage rates, and for retirees, from $2,100 to $3,000 in February 1978. Weekly benefits under the sickness and accident plan ranged from $131 to $183 at that time. The duration of sickness and accident insurance bene fits for those with less than 2 years of service was 26 8 Table 1. Earnings distribution (Percent of production workers in basic iron and steel establishments, February 1978) Establishments under common job and pay systems2 All establishments Hourly earnings1 All workers Under $4.00................................... Timeworkers Establishments not under common job and pay systems Timeworkers Incentive workers Incentive workers All workers Timeworkers Incentive workers - - - 1.4 4.0 0.1 - 2.7 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.6 .1 .1 .1 .2 .4 0.4 2.2 0 All workers _ _ - - - - - - - - 1.0 .8 .5 .5 .8 .1 _ - _ - - 1.2 .4 .7 .7 .6 3.0 1.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 .3 .1 .1 .1 .1 1.2 1.7 1.9 13.3 11.6 .1 .1 .2 2.2 2.2 - _ - - - - 17.4 9.8 - 4.5 3.3 2.6 2.3 .8 1.3 1.5 4.5 5.6 2.0 3.1 3.4 10.2 13.1 .2 .3 .6 1.6 1.8 3.4 4.0 5.9 5.8 6.5 7.8 7.8 8.1 5.8 5.3 2.3 3.0 5.3 5.8 6.8 3.2 3.9 5.8 5.8 6.9 7.9 9.4 9.3 6.8 7.0 2.4 3.1 5.3 5.6 6.9 3.9 4.2 5.9 5.8 5.7 7.7 6.6 7.1 4.9 3.9 1.9 3.0 5.3 6.2 6.6 $8.20.................. $8.40.................. $8.60.................. $8.80.................. $9.00.................. 7.9 7.1 7.3 7.0 6.4 5.2 4.9 3.4 1.7 1.9 8.6 7.6 8.3 8.2 7.5 8.6 7.7 8.3 7.9 7.4 5.8 8.5 5.6 3.0 3.0 9.0 7.6 8.7 8.6 8.0 6.5 5.6 5.4 5.0 4.2 4.7 1.9 1.6 .7 1.0 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.2 5.9 $9.20.................. $9.40.................. $9.60.................. $9.80.................. $10.00................ 5.8 5.2 4.4 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.1 .6 .4 .3 6.8 6.3 5.4 3.3 2.6 6.4 5.7 4.3 2.5 2.2 3.0 1.5 .8 .1 .1 6.9 6.3 4.9 2.8 2.5 4.5 4.4 4.6 3.2 2.1 .8 .7 .4 .7 .5 6.3 6.2 6.7 4.5 3.0 $10.40.............. $10.80.............. $11.20.............. $11.60.............. $12.00.............. 2.3 1.3 .9 .5 .3 1.0 .4 .2 .1 (3) 2.6 1.5 1.0 .5 .4 2.2 1.3 .8 .4 .3 .2 .4 .2 .1 (3) 2.5 1.4 .9 .5 .3 2.5 1.3 1.0 .5 .5 1.6 .5 .3 .1 .1 3.0 1.7 1.4 .7 .7 $12.00 and o v e r............................. .9 .2 1.0 .8 (3) .9 1.1 .4 1.4 Number of w orkers........................ Hourly earnings: M ean............................................ Median ......................................... Middle range: First quartile .............................. Third quartile............................. 345,163 68,130 277,033 233,539 30,314 203,225 111,624 37,816 73,808 $8.32 8.32 $7.20 7.21 $8.59 8.54 $8.45 8.41 $7.65 7.51 $8.57 8.52 $8.03 8.07 $6.84 6.95 $8.64 8.57 7.58 9.04 6.73 7.90 7.90 9.18 7.75 9.05 6.91 8.26 7.91 9.12 7.16 9.03 6.25 7.59 7.88 9.33 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 and and and and and under under under under under $4.20.................. $4.40.................. $4.60.................. $4.80.................. $5.00.................. .3 .2 .2 .2 .3 1.5 1.2 .7 .6 .9 (3) 0 0 (3) 0.1 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 and and and and and under under under under under $5.20.................. $5.40.................. $5.60.................. $5.80.................. $6.00.................. .4 .1 .2 .2 .2 1.7 .6 1.0 1.0 .9 O (3) 0 0 $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.60 $6.80 and and and and and under under under under under $6.20.................. $6.40.................. $6.60.................. $6.80.................. $7.00.................. .3 .4 .5 4.4 4.0 $7.00 $7.20 $7.40 $7.60 $7.80 and and and and and under under under under under $7.20.................. $7.40.................. $7.60.................. $7.80.................. $8.00.................. $8.00 $8.20 $8.40 $8.60 $8.80 and and and and and under under under under under $9.00 $9.20 $9.40 $9.60 $9.80 and and and and and under under under under under $10.00 $10.40 $10.80 $11.20 $11.60 and and and and and under under under under under - - 3 Less than 0.05 percent. 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes establishments under common job and pay systems, that is, with the same minimum hourly rate ($6,705 an hour) and the same increment (11.1 cents) between job classes. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. 9 Table 2. Occupational hourly earnings by method o f w age paym ent (N u m b e r an d a v e ra g e s tr a i g h t- ti m e e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in b a s ic ir o n a n d s te e l e s ta b lis h m e n ts , 2 F e b r u a r y 1978) A ll w o r k e r s D e p a r t m e n t , o c c u p a t i o n , type of p a y s y s t e m , a n d jo b c l a s s 3 Number of w ork ers Incentive w o r k e r s H ourly e a rn i n g s 1 M ean M e d i a n M id d le r a n g e T im e w o rk e rs Number H ourly e a rn i n g s 1 of w ork M ean M e d ia n M id dl e r a n g e ers N u m b e r H ourly of earn w ork ings1 ers ( me an) SELECTED DEPARTMENTS COKE WORKS AND BYPRODUCTS DCOR-MACHINE OPERATORS.............................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM JOB CLASS 1 1 ............................................ HEATERS........................................................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM JOB CLASS 1 7 ............................................ JOB CLASS 1 3 ............................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM....................................................... LIJMEN........................................................................... . UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM, JOB CLASS 0 5 ............................................ . JCB CLASS 0 6 ............................................ NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM....................................................... . PUSHER OPERATORS............................................... . UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM JOB CLASS 1 1 ............................................ . JOB CLASS 1 2 ............................................ . NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM....................................................... . WHARFMEN........................................................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM. JOB CLASS 0 3 ............................................ . NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM....................................................... . 592 407 230 419 274 27 209 $8 .2 5 8.3 0 8 .50 9 . 18 9 .3 0 9.68 9.26 $8.22 8.3 2 8.42 9. 29 9.35 9 .8 8 9.3 5 145 516 361 161 70 8.9 3 7 .7 7 7.8 8 7.9 9 7 .7 6 8.90 7 . 76 7 .82 8 .0 3 8 . 00 8 .4 6 7 .5 8 7 .6 7 7 .727 .1 8 - 1 55 383 224 73 151 7. 52 8.48 8 .5 8 8 . 64 8.55 7 .58 8.44 8.60 8. 82 8 .60 159 253 166 154 8.33 7.26 7.2 5 7.25 $ 8 .1 6 - $ 8 .4 7 8.6 3 8 .1 6 8 .2 9 8.63 9.4 4 8 .9 0 9 .0 4 9 .7 4 9 .049.38 9 . 1 39.54 53 0 37 2 229 370 240 27 175 $8.35 8 .4 0 8.5 0 9.2 8 9.42 9 .6 8 9.42 $ d . 29 8 .32 8 .42 9.29 9.3 5 9.88 9.35 $ 8 .1 6 - $8.47 8.63 8 .1 6 8 .6 3 8 .2 9 9 .4 8 8 .9 0 9 .1 3 9.88 9 .0 4 9.88 9 .2 3 9.54 9.2 9 8 .05 8.0 5 8 .24 8.4 5 130 468 343 161 53 9.0 2 7.86 7.92 7.9 9 7.9 6 8.9 0 7.82 8.0 0 8.03 3.00 8 .9 0 7 .5 8 7 .7 2 7.7 2 7 .1 8 - 9.2 9 8.05 8 .0 8 8.24 8 .45 7 .5 8 8 .2 0 8 .3 7 8 .3 7 8 .4 4 - 7.72 8.77 8 .8 2 9.0 6 8 .7 6 _ 340 208 57 151 8.5 8 8.6 4 8.8 9 8.55 _ 8.60 8.60 8.8 2 8.6 0 _ 8 .3 1 8 .4 4 8 .8 2 8. 44- _ 8 .8 2 8.82 9 .25 8 .76 8.31 7.24 7.24 7 .24 8 .2 0 6 .9 8 6 .9 4 6 .9 3 - 8.75 7 .4 8 7 .4 8 7.48 132 20 5 154 142 8.4 7 7.3 3 7.2 7 7 .23 8.31 7.29 7.24 7.29 8 .2 0 7. 14 6 .9 8 6 .9 8 - 8 .75 7 .5 2 7.48 7.48 87 7.3 0 7 .2 5 7 .0 7 - 7.52 51 7.50 7.38 7.2 5 - 422 270 165 77 8.21 8 . 23 8.21 8.2 8 8 . 16 8. 16 8.04 8. 10 8 .0 0 7„ 9 3 7 .9 3 7 .9 0 - 8 .2 5 8 .3 6 8.4 6 8 . 17 407 27 0 165 77 8.25 8.23 8 .21 8.2 8 8 . 17 8 . 16 8.0 4 8 . 10 152 2 34 157 63 20 8.17 9.1 7 9.05 8-40 9. 1 1 8.2 5 8.94 8.39 8.39 9 . 30 8 .0 9 8 .3 5 8 .348 .3 5 8 .8 8 - 8 .25 9.5 0 9.30 8.3 9 9. 30 137 207 130 63 20 8.27 8.81 8.46 8.40 9.11 77 545 360 341 9 .4 0 9 . 12 9.17 9 . 16 9 . 50 9 . 12 9.12 9. 12 9 .3 8 8 . 7 58 .8 2 8 .8 2 - 9.50 9 .3 9 9.4 0 9.40 77 529 359 34 0 1 85 1,272 785 78 61 121 348 9.02 8.29 8 .3 8 7 .5 9 8 . 51 8.1 5 8.6 7 9.0 5 8. 36 8.42 7. 54 8.65 8.08 8. 71 8 .7 5 7 .9 3 8 .1 2 7 .4 9 8 .2 0 7 .9 3 8 .4 2 - 9 .29 8 .6 2 8.71 7.69 8.65 8 .2 9 8.7 9 4 87 488 302 165 65 8.14 8.60 8 .74 8.6 7 9 .0 9 8.33 8 . 55 8. 77 8.6 6 9 . 14 7.6 4 8. 358 .3 5 8 .3 5 8. 9 3 - 186 8.3 7 8 .54 7 .9 4 - 62 49 34 34 - _ 16 16 - $7.37 - 8.4 0 8.48 8.48 - _ - 7 .7 5 7 .7 5 _ - - - - - - 7.65 - - 8 .0 0 7 .9 3 7 .9 3 7.9 0 - 8.2 5 8 .3 6 8.46 8.1 7 - - 8.25 8.88 8.3 6 8.39 9 .3 0 8 .0 9 8 .3 4 8 .2 7 8.3 5 8 .8 8 - 8 .2 5 9 .5 0 8.43 8 .3 9 9 .3 0 - - 9 .40 9.1 6 9.1 8 9.17 9.5 0 9 . 12 9 . 12 9 . 12 9 .3 8 8 .8 1 8 .8 2 8 .8 2 - 9 .5 0 9 .39 9 .4 0 9.40 _ - _ - 170 1,2 5 7 785 78 61 121 348 9 . 12 8.31 8.3 8 7 .59 8 .51 8.15 8.67 9 .0 5 8.3 6 8.42 7.5 4 8.6 5 8 .0 8 8.71 8 .7 5 7 .9 6 8 .1 2 7 .4 9 8 .2 0 7 .938 .4 2 - 9.29 8.6 2 8.71 7.69 8.65 8.29 8 .7 9 _ - _ - 8 . 49 8.93 9.01 8 .9 5 9.2 3 472 449 302 165 65 8.1 8 8 .7 0 8.74 8.6 7 9 .0 9 8 .3 3 8.57 8 .77 8.6 6 9-14 7 .6 4 8 .4 7 8 .3 5 8.358 .9 3 - 8.49 8 .95 9.01 8 .9 5 9.2 3 - _ - 8.57 147 8.62 8 . 54 8 .54- 8.5 7 - - BLAST FURNACES, ORE HANDLING, AND SINTER PLANT CINDER SNAPPERS.................................................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM JOB CLASS 0 6 ............................................ . JOB CLASS 0 9 ............................................ . NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM....................................................... . FIRST BLOWING ENGINEERS............................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM. JOB CLASS 1 3 ............................................. JOB CLASS 1 4 ............................................ NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM......................................................... KEEPERS.......................................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM. JOB CLASS 1 4 .............................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM....................................................... .. KEEPER HELPERS....................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM, JOB CLASS 0 4 ............................................ .. JCB CLASS 0 6 .............................................. JOB CLASS 0 7 .............................................. JOB CLASS 0 9 .............................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM.......................................................... LARRYMEN........................................................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM. JOB CLASS 1 0 .............................................. JOB CLASS 1 1 . . . ...................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .......................................................... S ee fo o tn o tes a t en d o f ta b le . Table 2. O ccupational hourly earnings by method of w age paym ent— Continued (N u m b e r an d a v e r a g e s tr a i g h t- ti m e e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in b a s ic i r o n an d s te e l e s ta b lis h m e n ts , 2 F e b r u a r y 1978) Incentive w o r k e r s All w o r k e r s D e p a r t m e n t , o c c u p a t i o n , type of p a y s y ste m , and job c l a s s 3 N umber H ourly e a rn i n g s 1 of w ork M e a n • M e d ia n Middle range ers dumber of w ork ers Tim e w orkers N umber of w ork M id d le r a n g e ers H ourly e a rn i n g s 1 M ean M edian Hourly earn in g s 1 (m e an ) SELECTED DEPARTMENTS4 BLAST FURNACES, ORE HANDLING, AND SINTER PLANT--CONTINUED CEE-BRIDGE CRANEMEN . . . ................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 12............................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. SINTERING-MACHINE OPERATORS..................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M . . JOB CLASS 1 0 ............................................. JOB CLASS 12............................................. JOB CLASS 14 .................................................. STOCK UNLOADERS........................................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 0 3 ............................................................. JOB CLASS 0 4 ............................................. JOB CLASS 0 7 ............................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. OPEN $8.6 6 8.51 8.30 $ 8 . 76 8.32 8.31 111 168 136 22 43 8 .95 8.57 8.57 8 .5 5 8.66 9.04 8 .5 8 8 .5 8 8.7 3 8 .72 $ 8 .3 1 - $ 9.04 8 .2 0 9.0 0 8 .0 9 8 .5 0 $8.6 6 8.51 8.3 0 $8.76 8.32 8.31 111 174 142 22 43 23 621 491 14 286 18 8 .9 5 8.55 8.5 5 8.5 5 8.66 9.0 5 7 .4 5 7 . 51 7.30 7.32 7 .4 8 9.04 8.5 0 8.58 8.73 8. 72 9.71 7. 36 7.31 7. 18 7.43 7 .0 8 7 .2 6 - 130 7.2 2 7.36 264 193 138 43 9.83 9.86 9 .6 1 10.44 9 .84 9.8 4 9. 84 11.04 71 481 2 87 169 9.7 6 11.58 12.21 12.35 9 . 50 11.87 12. 34 12. 38 9 . 5 0 - 10.38 1 0 .5 6 - 12.37 1 1 .3 0 - 13.01 1 2 . 3 4 - 13.01 194 337 246 48 102 67 10.66 9.8 4 9.95 10.21 9 .53 10.37 10.29 10. 02 10.28 10.60 9.51 10.94 9 .6 6 9.1 1 9 .1 1 10.518.2 6 10.02- 91 246 199 27 31 9.5 4 7 .9 7 8 .15 8.49 8.65 9.13 7.76 8 .0 8 9 .04 8.8 6 47 526 337 212 7 .21 9.92 10.18 10.39 6.8 4 1 0 .0 1 10.55 10.47 6 .6 3 9 .0 5 10.0 1 10.01- 7.7 6 10.70 10.97 11.11 41 4 282 21 2 10.33 10.60 10.39 10.23 10.67 10 . 47 9 . 9 4 - 10.88 1 0 . 0 1 - 11.11 1 0 . 0 1 - 1 1 .1 1 189 119 56 38 9.44 10.15 10.16 9.21 10.48 10.48 10.48 8 .7 3 8 .9 3 10.131 0 .48- 9.94 10.70 10.53 10.53 132 104 56 38 9 .7 5 10.21 10.15 1 0 . 16 9 .94 10 . 48 10.48 10.48 9 .1 8 10.1310.1 3 1 0 .48- 63 390 245 31 169 9.8 5 8.8 2 8.76 9.09 8 .9 9 10.70 8.9 0 8.63 8.4 8 9 . 19 8 .9 3 8 .2 2 7 .8 8 8 .0 0 8 .6 3 - 10.70 9.35 9.51 10.47 9.5 1 338 208 31 169 9.01 9.01 9.09 8.99 9 . 19 9 .19 8.48 9 . 19 8 .638 .6 3 8 .0 0 8 .6 3 - 9.36 9.5 8 10.47 9.51 145 8 .9 3 8.9 0 8 .4 6 - 9.2 9 130 9 .0 2 8 .9 0 8 .9 0 - 9.29 - $ 8 .3 1 - $9.04 8 .2 0 9.0 0 8.0 9 8.50 329 218 159 329 218 159 8 .7 8 8 .0 4 7 .9 7 7 .8 8 8 .6 8 8 .2 4 7 .1 5 7 .1 5 - 9.04 8.83 8.8 6 9.0 7 8.86 9.71 7.7 0 7.9 3 - - - 8 .7 8 8 .1 9 7 .9 7 7 .8 8 8 .6 8 - 9 .04 8.83 8.8 6 9 .0 7 8.8 6 - - - - - - - - - 72 $6.92 - - - - 7.51 7.75 7.52 7.54 7.30 7.34 7.5 2 7 . 18 7.4 3 7 .0 8 7 .2 6 - 7.51 7 .7 5 - - - - 6 .7 3 - 7.4 3 94 7.41 7.43 7 .2 9 - 7.43 ~ ' 9 .5 0 8 .9 1 8 .2 6 8 .9 1 - 10.66 10.78 9 .84 11.14 2 13 157 102 43 10.17 10.23 10.09 10.44 1 0.38 9 .5 6 9.849 .8 4 8 .9 1 - 10.78 10.98 10.41 11.14 - - 7 .4 3 7.4 7 - 7.86 7.94 - 549 45 5 14 270 15 - 7 .1 8 7 .1 8 - - - HEARTH FURNACES CHARGING-MACHINE OPERATORS ............................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 1 6 ............................................. JCB CLASS 1 7 ............................................. NJT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM ........................................................................... FIRST HELPERS ........................................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JCB CLASS 2 7 ............................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM ........................................................................... LADLE CRANEMEN........................................................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 1 3 ............................................................. JOB CLASS 1 6 ............................................................. JOB CLASS 1 7 ............................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM ............................................................................ STOCKERS, RAN MATERIALS ........................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 01 AND 0 2 ..................................... JOB CLASS 0 4 .............................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. SECOND HELPERS ........................................................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 1 5 ............................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM ........................................................................... SECOND STEEL POURERS ................... . ............................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY S T EM .. JOB CLASS 1 4 .................................... ... .................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. STOCKYARD CRANEMEN.......................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY S T EM .. JOB CLASS 0 6 ............................................................. JOB CLASS 0 7 ............................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM ........................................................................... S ee fo o tn o te s a t en d o f ta b le . 9.99 - - 9 .8 4 9.8 4 1 1.04 j - 41 8 286 169 11.88 12.22 12.35 11.87 12.34 12.38 1 1 .2 7 - 12.39 1 1 . 3 0 - 1 3 .0 1 1 2 . 3 4 - 1 3 .0 1 11.87 1 0 . bO 10.78 10.60 10.28 11.07 132 286 210 48 67 11 . 14 10.09 10.24 10.21 10.23 10.37 11.27 1 0 .29 10.51 10.60 10.28 10.94 1 0 .2 9 - 11.87 9 . 1 3 - 10.72 9 . 5 1 - 10.79 1 0 .5 1 - 10.60 9 . 5 1 - 10.66 1 0 .0 2 - 11.07 9 . 1 1 - 10.45 7 .3 7 8 .7 3 7 .3 7 8.86 7 .2 6 9 .04 8.7 4 8.9 0 76 153 145 27 31 9.68 8.40 8.44 8.4 9 8.65 9 . 13 8 . 67 8.6 7 9.04 8.8 6 66 - - - - - - 9 .1 1 8 .0 8 8 .0 8 7 .2 6 8 .7 4 - 10.45 8.90 8.90 9.04 8.9 0 - 9.94 10.70 10.53 10.53 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 93 - 7.26 - - - - - - - - 112 8.39 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Table Z Occupational hourly earnings by method of w age payment— Continued (N u m b er an d a v e ra g e s tr a ig h t- tim e e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in b a s ic ir o n and s te e l e s ta b lis h m e n ts , 2 F e b r u a r y 1978) All w o rk e rs D e p a r t m e n t , o c c u pa tio n , typ e o f p a y s y s t e m , a n d job c l a s s 3 N umber of w ork ers I n c e n t iv e w o r k e r s Hourly e a rn i n g s 1 Mean M ed ia n M id dl e r a n g e Time w orkers Number H ourly e a rn i n g s 1 N u m b e r H o u r ly of of earnw ork- Mean M e d ia n M id d le r a n g e w o r k /(me i n gan) s\ __ e r s ers SELECTED DEPARTMENTS4 ELECTRIC FURNACES FIRST HELPERS................................................. ........... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYS TE M.. JOB CLASS 2 3 ................................................. JOB CLASS 2 4 ................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................ MOULDMEN.......................................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYS TE M.. STOPPER MAKERS......................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY S T EM .. 513 385 138 114 128 188 144 84 38 $ 1 0 .2 2 $10 .37 10.64 1 0 . 64 1 1.02 11.21 11.51 12. 20 8 .9 5 8 .7 9 8 .8 2 7 .0 2 8 .8 9 8 .8 7 8 .9 1 8 .9 1 7 .7 3 9 . 19 $ 8 .93-S 9 .6 7 1 0 .3 3 1 0 .6 4 - 1 1.24 11.21 11.21 1 2.20 382 $ 1 0 .6 7 $ 1 1 .2 1 2 94 1 1. 17 11.21 138 11.02 1 1 .2 1 1 13 11.5 3 1 2.2 0 6 . 167 .8 2 8 .0 1 5 .0 0 8 .6 2 - 1 1.45 9 .7 6 9 .7 3 8 .6 9 9 .3 2 88 168 144 84 38 8 .9 9 9 .0 0 8 .8 2 7 .0 2 8 .8 9 1 1.00 8.9 1 8 .9 1 7 .7 3 9 . 19 S 1 0.3 2-S 11 .49 1 0 .3 3 - 12.2 0 1 0 .3 3 - 1 1.21 1 0 .6 4 - 1 2.20 6 .1 6 8 .0 7 8 .0 1 5 .0 0 8 .6 2 - 1 1.4 5 9 .7 6 9 .7 3 8 .6 9 9 .3 2 - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - " BASIC OXYGEN FURNACES GAS CLEANERS.............................................................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYS TE M.. JOB CLASS 0 9 ................................................. FURNACE OPERATORS................................................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM.. JOB CLASS 2 3 ................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................ FURNACEMEN, F IR S T ................................................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYS TE M .. JOB CLASS 1 4 ................................................. JOB CLASS 1 5 ................................................. JOB CLASS 1 6 ................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................ LADLE CRANEMEN......................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYS TE M.. JOB CLASS 1 3 ................................................. JOB CLASS 1 6 ............................. .. ................ NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................ LADLE LINERS............................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTE M.. JOB CLASS 0 7 ................................................. JOB CLASS 0 9 ................................................. NOZZLE S E T T E R S ......................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM: JOB CLASS 10 ................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM.................................. ........ ................ STEEL POURERS, F I R S T ........................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY ST EM .. JOB CLASS 1 6 ................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM. ......................................................... STOPPER MAKERS......................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYS TE M.. JOB CLASS 0 5 ................................................. JOB CLASS 0 6 ................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM. ......................................................... U T I L IT I E S ATTENDANTS........................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. 38 30 30 222 136 63 8 .4 3 8 .6 1 8 .6 1 10.72 1 1.46 1 1.05 8 .3 4 8 .3 4 8 .3 4 10.84 1 1.36 10.86 7 .7 5 7 .7 8 7 .7 8 9 .8 2 1 0 .6 3 1 0 .8 4 - 9. 11 9 .2 3 9 .2 3 11.99 1 2.83 1 1.70 30 22 22 2 07 136 63 8 .6 6 8 .9 9 8 .9 9 11.1 9 1 1.46 11.0 5 8 .3 4 9 .1 1 9 .1 1 10.66 11.3 6 10.8 6 7 .9 0 8 .3 4 8 .3 4 1 0 .1 4 1 0 .6 3 1 0.8 4- 9 .2 3 9 .2 3 9 .2 3 1 2 .0 5 1 2.83 11.7 0 86 2 02 113 28 18 19 9 .5 4 1 0.43 10.85 10.29 9 .3 3 1 0.03 9 .8 2 1 0.60 1 0.60 1 0.60 9 . 16 10.11 9 .8 2 9. 169 .9 2 9 .6 7 9. 169 .4 2 - 11.8 5 1 1 .8 8 12.06 1 0.60 9 .9 2 1 0.3 0 71 202 1 13 28 18 19 1 0.67 1 0.43 10.8 5 1 0.29 9 .3 3 1 0.03 9 .8 2 1 0 . 60 1 0 .6 0 1 0 .6 0 9 . 16 10.11 9 .8 2 9 .1 6 9 .9 2 9 .6 7 9 .1 6 9 .4 2 - 89 393 261 59 128 9 . 89 9 .7 7 9 .9 2 9 .4 2 1 0 . 12 9 .3 9 9 .6 7 9 . 84 9 . 43 10.11 8 .7 8 8 .9 6 9 .4 3 9 .4 3 9 .8 9 - 11.12 10.28 1 0.26 9 .8 4 10.91 89 3 93 261 59 128 9 .8 9 9 .7 7 9 .9 2 9 .4 2 1 0 . 12 9 .3 9 9 . 67 9 . 84 9 .4 3 1 0 . 11 132 2 12 165 24 100 210 9 .4 8 8 .8 6 8 .9 8 8 .1 7 9 .5 0 10.54 9 . 11 8 .4 6 8 . 51 8 .0 5 8 .7 0 10-39 8 .7 8 8 .2 3 8. 117 .8 2 8 .6 5 8 .9 0 - 1 0.28 8 .9 8 8 .9 6 8 .2 5 9 .2 2 12.37 132 212 165 24 100 210 9 .4 8 8 .8 6 8 .9 8 8 .1 7 9 .5 0 10.54 33 8 .8 7 9 .2 5 8 .2 3 - 9 .2 5 33 71 286 185 157 9 .2 8 1 0.00 1 0.2 8 9 .9 4 8 .9 0 9 . 81 10.01 9 . 94 8 .9 0 9 .2 6 9 .8 1 9 .6 1 - 1 0.39 10.31 10.8 9 10.26 101 65 41 26 15 9-4 8 8 .5 0 8 .4 4 8 .1 7 8 .8 9 9 .3 3 8 .0 9 8 .1 1 7 .9 8 9 .3 6 8 .9 8 7 .9 6 7 .9 5 7 .8 9 8 .3 1 - 24 94 54 8 .6 2 7 .9 4 7 .8 6 8 . 09 8 .0 5 8 . 10 33 24 18 168 9 .9 7 10 . 56 1 1.2 7 9 .5 0 8 . 89 10.55 1 0.97 8 .5 7 S ee fo o tn o tes a t en d o f ta b le. - - - _ _ - - - - 1 1 .8 5 1 1.88 12.06 1 0 .6 0 9 .9 2 1 0.3 0 _ _ - - 8 .7 8 8 .9 6 9 .4 3 9 .4 3 9 .8 9 - 11.12 10.2 8 10.2 6 9 .8 4 1 0.91 _ _ _ - _ - 9 . 11 8 . 46 8 .5 1 8 .0 5 8 . 70 1 0.3 9 8 .7 8 8 .2 3 8 .1 1 7 .8 2 8 .6 5 8 .9 0 - 1 0.28 8 .9 8 8 .9 6 8 .2 5 9 .2 2 1 2 .3 7 8 .8 7 9 .2 5 8 .2 3 - 9 .2 5 - - 71 286 185 157 9 .2 8 1 0.00 1 0.28 9 .9 4 8 .9 0 9 .8 1 10.01 9 .9 4 8 .9 0 9 .2 6 9 .8 1 9 .6 1 - 1 0.39 10.31 1 0.89 10.2 6 _ _ 9 .6 1 9 .0 2 9 .0 2 8.. 3 3 9 .3 6 101 65 41 26 15 9 .4 8 8 .5 0 8 .4 4 8 .1 7 8 .8 9 9 .3 3 8 .0 9 8 . 11 7 .9 8 9 .3 6 8 .9 8 7 .9 6 7 .9 5 7 .8 9 8 .3 1 - 9 .6 1 9 .0 2 9 .0 2 8 .3 3 9 .3 6 8 .0 6 7 .4 1 7 .2 0 - 8 .9 4 8 . 10 8.. 10 24 94 54 8 .6 2 7 .9 4 7 .8 6 8 .0 9 8 .0 5 8 . 10 8 .0 6 7 .4 1 7 .2 0 - 8 .9 4 8 .1 0 8 .1 0 8. 048 .5 6 1 0 .4 2 8 .3 6 - 10.97 12.63 13.62 10.07 33 24 18 149 9 .9 7 10.56 1 1.27 9 .6 8 8 .6 9 1 0.55 10.9 7 8 .7 7 8 .0 4 8 .5 6 1 0.4 28 .4 2 - 1 0 .9 7 1 2.6 3 1 3.62 1 0.38 FOUNDRY COREMAKERS..................................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM .. JOB CLASS 1 4 ................................................. MOULDERS.......................................................................... - _ - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ - - - - _ - _ - - - - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - " _ _ - - - ~ _ _ - - Table 2. O ccupational hourly earnings by method of w age paym ent— Continued (N u m b e r an d a v e r a g e s tr a i g h t- ti m e e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in b a s ic ir o n an d s te e l e s t a b lis h m e n ts , 2 F e b r u a r y 1978) A ll w o r k e r s D e p a r t m e n t , o c c u p a ti o n , ty p e o f p a y s y s t e m , a n d jo b c l a s s 3 N umber of work ers Incentive w o rk e rs H ourly e a rn i n g s 1 M ean M edian M id d le r a n g e Tim e w orkers Number N u m b e r H ourly H ourly e a r n i n g s 1 of of earn w ork w ork ings1 M ean M edian M iddle range ers ers ( me an) SELECTED DEPARTMENTS4 FOUNDRY--CONTINUED UNDER COMMON JOB* AND PAY S Y S T E M . . JOB CLASS 1 4 . . JOB CLASS 1 6 . . NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............... BLOOM, SL AB, AND BILLET PAY $ 9.9 0 9 .0 7 10. 13 $ 9 . 16 9 .3 0 8 .4 4 - 1 2.69 41 8 .2 8 8 . 10 8 .1 0 - 8 .3 6 36 190 142 45 32 9 . 11 12.4 5 12.5 9 12.0 4 1 1.5 6 9 . 09 11.8 0 11.8 0 1 1.66 1 1 .6 4 8 .1 3 1 1 .1 8 1 1 .4 6 1 1 .4 6 1 0 .7 1 - 9 .7 0 12.8 3 1 3.4 6 1 2.77 1 2.2 6 48 141 1 19 29 44 3 44 24 2 159 237 159 55 24 52 1 2 .0 5 9 .3 2 9 .4 4 1 1 . 18 8 .9 1 7 .9 9 8 . 16 8 . 19 9 . 97 1 0.2 0 1 0.8 1 9 .9 1 9 .6 1 1 1.69 8 .9 5 8 .9 5 1 3.99 9 .0 6 7 .9 4 8 . 15 8 - 15 9 . 74 9 .7 6 1 0 . 21 9 . 73 9 . 17 1 1 .1 8 8 .2 1 8 .2 2 8 .2 1 8 .2 2 7 .7 5 7 .7 6 7 .8 6 9 .0 7 9 .1 7 9 .6 1 9 .7 0 9 .0 7 - 1 2.8 3 9 .5 0 9 .4 8 13.9 9 9 .4 3 8 .1 7 8 .1 7 8 .1 5 10.56 10.6 0 10.3 9 10.41 1 0.4 7 - $ 8 .4 4 -$ 1 1 .4 3 - 1 26 13 103 - $ 9 .9 1 9 .0 7 1 0 .1 5 $ 9 . 16 - - 1 2.71 1 2.6 8 1 2.0 4 11.7 6 12.2 0 11.9 7 11.6 6 1 1.70 . _ - 9 .3 0 $ 8 .4 4 -$ 1 1 .4 3 - 8 .4 4 - 12.74 - - - - - - - MILLS AUTOMATIC BOLLING ATTENDANTS.................. BLOOMING MILL BO L L E B S .. UNDEB COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 2 7 . . JOB CLASS 2 8 . . NOT UNDEB COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............... BOTTOM MAK2BS............... UNDEB COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 0 8 . . JOB CLASS 1 0 . . HCOKERS................................ UNDEB COMMON JOB AND PAY S YS T EM .. JOB CLASS 0 5 . . MANIPULATORS.................. UNDEB COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 1 3 . . JOB CLASS 1 4 . . JOB CLASS 1 5 . . NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............... PIT RECORDERS............... UNDER COMMON JOB AND JOB CLASS 0 7 . . JOB CLASS 0 8 . . JOB CLASS 0 9 . . JOB CLASS 1 0 . . JOB CLASS 1 1 . . JOB CLASS 1 4 . . NOT UNDEB COMMON JOB PAY SYSTEM............... SCARFERS............................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND JOB CLASS 0 7 . . JOB CLASS 0 8 . . JOB CLASS 0 9 . . NOT UNDER COMMON JOB PAY SYSTEM............... SOA KIN G-F IT CRANEMEN... UNDER COMMON JOB AND JOB CLASS 1 5 . . NOT UNDER COMMON JOB PAY SYSTEM............... S OA KIN G-P IT HEATERS_____ UNDER COMMON JOB AND JOB CLASS 1 8 . . JOB CLASS 1 9 . . JOB CLASS 2 0 . . NOT UNDER COMMON JOB PAY SYSTEM............... 127 13 104 SYSTEM.. 16 2 138 45 29 . 1 1 .6 4 1 1 .5 0 1 1 .4 6 1 0 .7 1 - 13.0 6 13.61 1 2.77 1 2.26 _ _ _ _ 11 11 _ _ _ . 130 108 25 43 307 227 144 2 01 1 54 55 22 50 9 .4 9 9 .6 6 1 1.7 9 8 .9 4 8 . 12 8 .2 3 8 .3 1 1 0.33 1 0 .2 8 10.81 1 0.08 9 .6 7 8 .9 5 9 .0 6 1 3.9 9 9 .0 6 7 .9 4 8 . 15 8 . 15 10.21 9 .7 6 10.21 10.01 9 .2 6 8 .2 2 8 .5 8 8 .5 8 8 .2 2 7 .7 6 7 .7 8 7 .8 9 9 .3 5 9 .3 5 9 .6 1 9 .7 0 9 .0 7 - 9 .5 1 9 .5 0 1 3.99 9 .4 3 8 .1 7 8 .1 7 8 .1 5 11.0 3 1 0.6 8 1 0 .3 9 10.41 10.5 0 _ 37 _ 36 _ $ 7 .2 6 7 .2 6 _ 6 .8 7 _ 7 .9 5 _ •_ _ _ _ . 78 9 .5 1 9 .3 0 8 .3 4 - 1 0.5 6 47 10.5 2 10.56 9 .3 0 - 1 1.20 323 220 20 22 59 50 19 15 8 .7 6 8 .9 8 8 .0 0 8 .3 7 8 .5 9 8 .9 5 8 .9 9 9 .0 8 8 .5 8 8 .6 1 8 . 29 8 .5 7 8 .3 0 9 . 02 9 .0 4 9 . 25 8 .0 0 8 .2 9 7 .7 9 8 .1 8 8 .1 5 8 .3 8 9 .0 4 8 .7 9 - 9 .4 5 9 .5 1 8 .2 9 8 .5 8 9 .0 1 9 .5 1 9 .2 3 9 .4 9 2 83 212 20 22 56 48 - 8 .7 9 8 .7 9 8 .2 9 8 .5 7 8 .4 1 9 .0 2 - 8 .2 9 8 .3 0 7 .7 9 8 .1 8 8 .1 5 8 .3 8 - 9 .4 5 9 .5 1 8 .2 9 8 .5 8 9 .0 1 9 .5 1 15 8 .9 4 9 .0 3 8 .0 0 8 .3 7 8 .6 5 9 .0 1 9 .0 8 9 .2 5 8 .7 9 - 9 .4 9 40 8 - 103 702 4 57 240 92 47 8 .2 7 9 .5 3 1 0 .4 5 10.4 3 11.47 1 0.5 8 8 .0 0 9 .3 6 1 0.03 1 0 . 11 1 0.6 0 1 0.03 7 .6 1 8 . 118 .9 5 9 .2 2 1 0 .4 1 9 .9 3 - 8 .8 3 1 0.60 1 1.60 11.8 6 1 3.52 1 0.03 71 551 450 235 91 47 8 .6 6 10.2 0 1 0.49 1 0.50 11.51 1 0 .5 8 8 .7 5 9 .9 9 10.0 3 1 0 . 11 1 0.6 0 1 0 .0 3 8 .0 0 8 .9 1 8 .9 5 9 .2 2 1 0.6 09 .9 3 - 9 .4 5 11.12 11.80 1 1.8 6 1 3.5 2 10.0 3 151 - 245 631 445 3 98 7 .8 0 7 .0 7 7 .0 7 - 8 .1 1 101 8 .9 0 8 . 84 8 .1 1 - 9 .3 6 9 .6 9 9 .8 4 9 .9 1 9 . 57 9 .6 0 9 .6 0 9 .1 0 9 .0 9 9 .1 0 - 1 0.1 3 1 0.2 5 1 0.25 616 4 17 378 9 .8 8 9 .9 7 1 0.0 0 9 .6 3 9 .6 0 9 .6 0 9 .1 6 9 .1 0 9 .3 4 - 1 0 .2 5 1 0.83 1 0.83 65 28 20 7 .9 3 7 .9 3 8 .1 5 236 351 259 142 75 14 9 .4 2 1 0.4 0 10.33 10.11 1 0.53 10.83 9 .3 4 1 0.22 9 . 99 9 .4 8 1 0.54 9 .1 6 9 .2 7 9 .2 7 9 .2 7 9 .8 7 - 9 .8 4 1 1 .1 6 1 0.82 10.01 1 1.2 4 1 99 310 243 129 73 14 9 .6 9 1 0.6 7 10.45 10.2 7 10.5 8 10.83 9 .6 3 10.5 4 1 0.01 9 .7 3 1 0 . 54 9 .2 5 9 .6 1 9 .4 7 9 .2 7 9 .8 7 - 9 .8 4 1 1 .1 6 1 0.82 1 0.01 11.24 41 16 13 8 .3 6 8 .3 8 8 .4 8 92 10.62 1 1 . 16 8 .4 5 - 1 1.16 67 1 1.4 7 1 1.1 6 1 1.1 3- 1 1.4 5 155 340 1 2.39 9 .6 5 1 1.51 8 .6 7 8 .9 8 8 .1 5 - 1 5 .3 8 1 0.97 114 232 13.6 2 1 0.36 15.3 8 9 . 16 1 1 .2 1 8 .6 7 - 15.38 1 2.79 7 .4 6 7 .6 5 - AND PAY S Y S T E M .. _ _ 7 .0 7 - AND PAY SYSTEM.. _ AND PAY S YS T EM .. - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ “ ~ AND CONTINUOUS CASTING MILLS CONTINUOUS SLAB CASTERS................................. LADLE AND METAL TRANSFER CONTROLMEN S ee fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le . . Table Z Occupational hourly earnings by method of wage payment— Continued (N u m b e r an d a v e ra g e s tr a i g h t- ti m e e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in b a s ic ir o n an d s te e l e s ta b lis h m e n ts , 2 F e b r u a r y 1978) Number of w ork ers H ou rly e a r n in g s 1 Mean M edian T im e w orkers Incentive w o r k e r s A ll w orkers D e p a r t m e n t , o c c u p a t i o n , ty pe o f p a y system , and job c l a s s 3 M idd le range Number of w ork ers H ou rly e a r n in g s 1 Mean M edian M idd le range $ 8 .6 7 -$ 1 2 .7 9 8 .3 6 9 .4 5 N u m b e r H ou rly of earn w ork in gs1 ers (mean) SELECTED DEPARTMENTS4 CONTINUOUS CASTING MILLS-- CONTINUED UNDER COMMON JOB JOB CLASS 1 4 . RUN OUT OPERATORS. UNDER COMMON JOB NOT UNDER COMMON PAY SYSTEM............ STEEL FOURERS............ STRAND CASTERS_____ UNDER COMMON JOB NOT UNDER COMMON PAY SYSTEM.............. AND PAY S YST EM .. 2 72 19 59.7 8 9 .1 2 $ 8 . 67 8 .3 6 $ 8 . 1 5 - $ 1 2 . 79 8 .3 6 9 .4 5 2 08 8 .2 5 7 .8 2 7 .8 2 - 8 .8 0 92 80 41 2 - 8 .3 1 8 .8 1 8 .1 9 - 8 .4 1 8 .7 2 8 .1 5 7 .4 3 7 .8 7 8 .1 5 - 8 .9 8 9 .8 7 1 0.09 159 7 .5 4 5 .2 2 5 .2 2 - 2 52 232 123 8 .3 6 8 .4 6 8 .5 9 7 .9 5 7 .9 5 7.8 1 20 152 124 17 7 .2 5 8 .5 4 8 .6 2 10.29 132 1 14 33 178 117 101 12 147 87 41 12 23 60 345 18 - AND PAY SY S T EM .. JOB AND AND PAY SY ST EM .. JOB AND 1 64 19 $ 10.86 9 .1 2 $ 12 .79 8 .3 6 96 44 8 .9 3 8 .8 4 8 .9 8 8 .5 1 _ _ 8 .4 1 6 .1 3 - _ - 9 .4 3 9 .2 9 _ 14 3 64 9 .9 1 9 .9 4 10.0 9 1 0 . 19 1 0.0 99 .5 8 - - - 10.1 9 10.1 9 - “ _ - 1 0.0 9 79 9 .8 9 10.0 9 1 0.0 9- 10.0 9 - - 7 .8 1 7 .8 1 7 .8 1 - 9 .1 0 9 .3 4 9 .4 2 219 215 1 08 8 .5 2 8 .5 4 8 .7 6 7 .9 5 7 . 95 7 .8 9 7 .8 1 7 .8 1 7 .8 1 - 9 .3 4 9 .3 4 9 .4 8 33 6 . 74 7 . 84 7 .8 6 9 .5 7 6 .1 8 7 .8 4 7 .8 4 9 .5 7 - 9 .0 2 9 .0 4 9 .0 5 1 2 .1 3 14 10 . 25 1 0.49 10.51 7 .3 2 7 .9 5 7 .8 2 9 .2 2 1 0.8 0 9 .8 1 9 .6 6 9 .4 8 10.0 3 10.41 10.54 11.09 7 .1 5 7 .6 5 7 . 15 9 .4 8 9 .8 8 9 .8 8 7 .1 5 7 .1 5 7 .1 5 - 1 1.0 9 1 1 .3 0 11.0 9 8 .3 8 8 .8 2 8 .6 4 12.2 3 7 .9 3 9 .1 2 - - - PLATES BURNING-MACHINE OPERATORS.. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T EM .. JOB CLASS 0 8 . NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............ PLATE L A Y E R O U T S ... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYS TE M.. JOB CLASS 1 0 . . $ 7.32 - - _ _ _ 138 120 17 8 .5 7 8 .6 5 1 0.29 8 .1 0 8 .3 3 9 .5 7 7 .8 4 7 .8 4 9 .5 7 - 8 .9 0 9 .0 5 1 2.1 3 65 59 32 124 63 47 12 144 84 40 11 22 1 0.33 1 0.45 1 0.57 7 .3 9 8 .6 3 8 .5 9 9 .2 2 1 0.8 6 9 .8 7 9 .7 0 9 .6 1 1 0.1 2 1 0.8 4 1 0.84 1 1.09 7 .9 7 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 9 .2 4 9 .4 8 9 .8 8 4 .1 9 7 .8 6 8 .1 3 - 1 1.09 1 1.0 9 1 1 .0 9 8 .8 2 9 .1 7 9 .0 6 12.2 3 8 .1 2 9 . 16 9 .2 1 9 .4 3 - - 8 .1 7 _ - BAR MILLS ASSISTANT BAR-MILL UNDER COMMON JOB JOB CLASS 1 9 . . CHARGERS............................ UNDER COMMON JOB JOB CLASS 0 6 . . JOB CLASS 0 7 . . ROUGHERS............................. UNDER COMMON JOB JOB CLASS 1 3 . . JOB CLASS 1 4 . , JOB CLASS 1 5 . . NOT UNDER COMMON PAY SYSTEM.............. SHEARMEN............................. UNDER COMMON JOB JOB CLASS 1 1 . . JOB CLASS 1 2 . . NOT UNDER COMMON PAY SYSTEM............... ROLLERS. AND PAY S YS T EM .. AND PAY AND PAY SY S T EM .. - - 9 .9 9 9 .9 9 9 .9 9 - 8 .8 6 8 .8 6 8 .4 6 - 1 1.37 10.3 5 10.2 2 - 8 .8 6 8 .8 6 - 11.2 9 1 5. 15 7 . 82 8 .2 2 - 8 .8 2 7 .8 2 - 1 5.15 8 .2 2 8 .2 2 - 1 0.09 - 60 1 48 94 17 55 - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 9 .9 9 9 .9 9 9 .9 9 - 8 .8 6 8 .8 6 9 .5 5 - 11.61 1 0 .3 5 1 0.22 _ 8 .8 6 8 .8 6 - 11.3 3 _ 1 5 . 15 8 .3 3 9 . 13 8 .2 2 9 .9 9 8 .8 2 4 .4 4 8 .3 3 8 .2 2 8 .4 9 - 1 5 .1 5 9 .9 9 9 .9 9 1 0 .0 9 9 .9 9 - _ _ _ _ _ _ JOB AND AND PAY JOB S Y S T E M .. 78 _ _ _ _ - _ 6 .7 1 4 .4 4 4 .4 4 - 7 .7 6 _ _ _ _ _ 9 .0 4 9 . 16 8 .3 2 8 .4 7 8 .3 2 8 .2 5 8 .5 3 8 .8 2 8 .8 2 8 .2 0 8 . 16 9 . 13 8 .2 8 8 . 16 7 .3 7 8 .2 6 7 .8 4 7 .8 4 7 .9 0 7 .6 9 8 .1 6 - 9 .3 2 9 .3 2 9 .0 4 9 .1 3 9 .1 3 8 .7 3 9 .0 2 38 38 20 7 136 43 34 39 9 .3 9 9 .3 9 8 .4 8 8 .4 9 8 .3 2 8 .2 5 8 .6 1 8 .9 4 8 .9 4 8 .2 0 8 . 16 9 . 13 8 .2 8 8 .1 6 8 .2 6 8 .2 6 7 .9 0 7 .8 4 7 .9 0 7 .6 9 8 .1 6 - 9 .3 2 9 .3 2 9 .0 5 9 .1 3 9 .1 3 8 .7 3 9 .0 2 8 .2 0 8 .9 4 8 .9 9 8 .8 9 9 .9 7 - 9 .0 5 10.3 8 10.3 8 9 .3 7 1 0.5 2 _ MILLS AND PAY S Y S T E M .. AND PAY S YS T EM .. 45 43 230 138 43 34 41 S Y S T E M .. 92 190 111 63 21 8 . 10 9 .4 5 9 .6 2 9 . 18 1 0.17 8 . 20 9 .3 0 9 .4 9 9 . 22 1 0.52 8 .0 9 8 .9 4 8 .9 9 8 .8 9 9 .9 7 - 8 .7 1 1 0.3 8 1 0.38 9 .3 7 1 0.52 71 175 108 61 20 8 .4 7 9 .5 9 9 .6 7 9 .2 3 1 0.29 8 .2 6 9 .3 7 9 . 59 9 .2 2 1 0.52 79 112 102 52 9 .2 1 8 .8 7 8 .9 0 8 .6 9 8 .9 9 8 .8 3 8 . 90 8 . 44 8 .9 4 8 .1 7 8 .1 7 8 .1 7 - 9 .5 6 9 .2 7 9 .3 1 9 .0 6 67 1 12 102 52 9 .4 7 8 .8 7 8 .9 0 8 .6 9 9 .3 0 8 .8 3 8 .9 0 8 .4 4 JOB _ AND CONTINUOUS HOT- •STRIP ASSORTERS.......................... UNDER COMMON JOB COIL EANDERS................. UNDER COMMON JOB JOB CLASS 0 3 . . JOB CLASS 0 4 . . JOB CLASS 0 5 . . NOT UNDER COMMON PAY SYSTEM............... CO ILERS ............................... UNDER COMMON JOB JOB CLASS 1 1 . . JOB CLASS 1 2 . . NOT UNDER COMMON PAY SYSTEM.............. COIL FEEDERS.................. UNDER COMMON JOB JOB CLASS 0 6 . . S YS T EM .. - _ AND AND PAY - - _ _ - - - - - JOB AND AND PAY S Y S T E M .. s e e fo o tn o te s a t en d o f ta b le , 8 8 8 8 .9 4 .1 7 .1 7 .1 7 - 9 .9 8 9 .2 7 9 .3 1 9 .0 6 - . | I - - - Table 2. Occupational hourly earnings by method of w age paym ent— Continued (N u m b e r an d a v e r a g e s tr a i g h t- ti m e e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in b a s ic ir o n a n d s t e e l e s ta b lis h m e n ts , 2 F e b r u a r y 1978) All w o r k e r s D e p a r t m e n t , o c c u p a t i o n , typ e o f p a y s y s t e m , an d jo b c l a s s 3 Number of w ork ers Incentive w o r k e r s H ourly e a rn i n g s 1 Mean M edian M id d le r a n g e Number of w ork ers Tim e w orkers N u m b er H ourly of earn w ork ings1 M id d le r a n g e ( m e an ) ers H ourly e a rn i n g s 1 Mean M edian SELECTED DEPARTMENTS4 CONTINUOUS HOT-STRIP MILLS-- CONTINUED JOB CLASS 0 7 ............................................. JOB CLASS 0 8 ............................................. HEATERS.............................................................................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY ST EM .. JOB CLASS 2 2 ............................................. JOB CLASS 2 3 ............................................. JOB CLASS 2 5 ............................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. RCUSHERS............................................................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 1 4 .................................................. JOB CLASS 15 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 7 .................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. STRIP F IN I S H E R S ........................................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 15............................................. JOB CLASS 17 .................................................. JOB CLASS 2 0 .................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. S T R I P - M I L L CRANEMEN............................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S YS T EM .. JOB CLASS 0 9 . ........................ .. .................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. TAND2M-MILL ROLLERS............................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S YS T EM .. JCB CLASS 3 2 ................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. TRACTOR OPERATORS................................................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 0 7 .................................................. JOB CLASS 0 8 .................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. 18 19 191 76 25 18 16 $ 9 .82 8 .6 7 10.35 10.92 11.03 10.78 10. 11 $ 9 .9 0 8.9 8 10.36 10.87 11.05 10.68 10.08 1 15 130 83 15 7 29 9.97 11.23 11.13 10.07 9.86 10.32 9.68 10.54 10. 33 9 .79 10. 33 10.03- 1 1.32 47 120 50 14 9 13 11.41 10.30 10.47 10.28 9.77 11.08 12.46 9.9 0 10. 76 9 .4 1 8 .3 9 9 .66- 12.46 1 1 . z2 11.06 7J 560 289 179 10. 18 8 .71 8.6 9 8.73 8 .7 4 8 .79 8.75 8 .75 8 . 108 .4 9 8 .3 1 8 .3 4 - 271 71 53 9 8.73 1 2 . 89 12.61 11.29 9 . 10 11. 82 11.82 8 .4 9 1 1.2310 .0 4 - 18 257 190 15 166 13.73 8.23 8.34 7.63 8.4 7 67 $9 . 3 1 - $ 1 0 . 1 2 8 .1 9 9.1 4 9 .6 8 - 11.32 1 0 .5 4 - 11.68 1 0 .5 1 - 11.05 1 0 .6 8 - 11.39 - - $ 9 . 3 1 - $ 1 0 . 12 8 . 199 . 14 9 . 2 6 - 11.05 1 0 . 5 1- 1 1 . 4 9 1 0 .5 1 - 11.05 1 0 .5 8 - 11.21 9 . 2 6 - 10.91 18 19 171 68 25 17 10 $9.82 8 .6 7 10.53 11.12 11.03 10.88 10.62 $ 9 .9 0 8 .9 8 10.36 11.03 11.05 10.68 10.36 1 E . 46 11.32 10.62 103 126 79 15 7 25 10.13 11.32 11.27 10.07 9.8 6 10.64 9 .68 10.56 10.45 9.79 10.33 1 0.03- 11.32 47 91 48 14 7 13 11.41 11.01 10.56 10.28 10 . 16 11.08 12.46 11.00 10.88 9 .4 1 9 .3 7 9 .6 6 - 12.46 11.43 11.06 14 . 13 9 .11 9 .0 0 9.00 43 512 271 169 11.52 8.84 8.77 8.8 1 11.22 8.8 7 8 .7 5 8.84 8 .7 4 8 .4 9 8 .4 2 8 .5 2 - 14.13 9.24 9.0 0 9.00 9.24 13.77 13.42 — _ 241 65 47 7 8.93 13.23 13.04 11.65 9 . 10 12.90 12.95 8 .4 9 9 .2 4 1 1 .2 3 - 13.77 1 1 .2 3 - 15.41 11.23 8 .2 0 8.20 7.3 8 8.2 0 11.237 .8 7 8 .1 6 7 .3 8 8 .1 6 - 13.77 8.27 8.2 7 7 . 71 8 .2 7 18 24 7 182 15 165 13.73 8.2 7 8 .4 0 7.63 8 .4 7 11.23 8.2 0 8 .2 0 7.38 8.20 11 .2 3 7 .8 8 8 .1 6 7 .3 8 8 .1 6 - 13.77 8 .2 7 8.27 7.71 8.2 7 _ _ _ _ _ 7 .9 0 7.9 9 7 .5 2 - 8 .3 6 65 7.92 7 .99 7 .5 2 - 8.3 6 - 89 75 7 7.7 8 7 .8 7 7.8 8 7.9 0 7.9 0 7 .2 7 7.2 7 - 8 .0 4 8 . 04 82 68 7 7.87 7.98 7.8 8 7 .9 0 7.90 7 .3 6 7 .6 0 - 8.04 8.04 - _ - - - 222 108 19 31 $9.71 10.72 9 .8 1 10.72 $ 9.82 10.62 9. 41 10.36 142 106 19 31 10.95 10.78 9.81 10.72 10.99 10.74 9.41 10.36 36 308 21 2 11.44 9 . 17 9 .3 0 1 1.34 9.22 9.45 _ _ - - — - - 8 .7 7 9 .7 9 9 .9 7 9 .7 9 - - - - - - 9 . 0 0 - 10.36 9 . 9 7 - 12.46 1 0 .0 0 - 11.32 9 . 7 9 - 10.62 - - _ - - - 20 - $ 8 .8 3 - - •- - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ 18 - _ _ _ 7 .4 2 - _ _ _ _ _ _ - BAR AND NARROW STRIP FINISHING MILLS COLD-SAH OPERATORS............................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY S T EM .. JOB CLASS 0 8 .................................................. - - _ COLD STRIP AND SHEET MILLS ASSISTANT TANDEM MILL ROLLERS............... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 1 6 ............................................. JOB CLASS 17............................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. COIL FEEDERS................................................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S YS T EM .. JOB CLASS 0 5 .................................................. JOB CLASS 0 6 ............................................. JOB CLASS 0 7 .................................................. JOB CLASS 0 9 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 0 .................................................. CONTINUOUS ANNEALING LINE OPERATORS UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S YS T EM .. S ee fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le, - 327 216 57 34 36 12 15 293 187 - 9.0 8 9 . 25 8.62 9 .2 4 9 .7 9 10.52 11.26 9 .7 3 10 . 13 - 9 . 17 9.4 0 8.67 9.46 9. 79 - 11. 12 9 .75 10.05 $ 7 .5 9 -$ 1 1 .0 6 9 . 8 2 - 11.45 9 . 2 8 - 10.35 9 . 6 7 - 11.59 - 8 .2 2 8 .3 1 7 .5 9 8 .9 9 9 . 58- 11 .1 1 9 .2 2 9 .4 8 - - 9.70 10.08 9.6 5 10.31 9.88 - 11.54 10.14 10.89 - 34 36 12 15 26 2 186 - 9.24 9. 79 10.52 11.26 10.00 10.14 - 9.46 9.79 - 11.12 9 .92 10.05 9 .8 5 9 .8 5 9 .2 8 9 .6 7 - 11.61 11.45 10.35 11.59 1 0 .5 7 - 12.53 8 .5 3 9.7 9 8 . 4 6 - 10.08 - 8 .9 9 9 .5 8 - 10.31 9.8 8 1 1 .1 1 - 11.54 9 . 4 8 - 10.27 9 . 4 8 - 10.89 - - - - 31 " 7.41 ~ Table 2 Occupational hourly earnings by m ethod o f w age payment— Continued (N u m b e r an d a v e r a g e s tr a i g h t- ti m e e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in b a s ic ir o n an d s te e l e s ta b lis h m e n ts , 2 F e b r u a r y 1978) A ll w orkers D epartm en t, o c c u p a t io n , type o f p a y system , and jo b c l a s s 3 Number of w ork ers Mean M edian 30 81 41 $9.6 1 9 .8 3 1 0.8 0 $ 9 . 79 9 . 48 1 0.5 6 106 190 89 40 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .3 6 9 .8 5 9 .2 2 8 .5 9 8 .8 7 9.3 1 T im e w orkers Incentive w o r k e r s H ou rly e a rn in g s1 M iddle range Number of w ork ers H ourly earnings Number of w ork range ers Mean M ed ian 30 81 40 $ 9.6 1 9 .8 3 1 0.86 $ 9.7 9 9 .4 8 1 0.7 9 76 138 84 40 9 .6 8 9 .5 1 9 .4 8 9 .8 5 9 .5 7 8 .8 7 8 .8 7 9 .3 1 9 .2 2 8 .5 6 8 .5 0 8 .8 7 - 9 .9 9 10.4 9 1 0.5 0 10.9 2 M idd le H ou rly earn in gs1 (mean) SELECTED DEPARTMENTS4 COLD STRIP AND SHEET MILLS--CONTINUED JOB CLASS 1 4 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 5 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 7 .................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. FLYING SHEARMEN........................................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S YS T EM .. JOB CLASS 1 1 .................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. STRIP INSPECTORS..................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 1 0 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 1 .................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. TANDEM MILL FEEDERS............................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 0 9 .................................................. JOB CLASS. 1 1 .................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. TANDEM MILL ROLLERS............................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY S T EM .. JOB CLASS 2 5 .................................................. JOB CLASS 2 8 .................................................. JOB CLASS 2 9 ................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. $ 9 .2 7 -$ 1 0 .1 2 9 .4 8 - 1 0.14 1 0 .1 4 - 11.3 4 8 .1 5 7 .8 2 8 .5 0 8 .8 7 - 9 .9 2 1 0.4 9 10.4 9 1 0.92 $ 9 .2 7 -1 1 0 .1 2 9 .4 8 - 10.1 4 1 0 .1 4 - 11.4 2 - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 101 8 .7 4 8 .4 0 7 .8 2 - 10.49 54 593 258 54 88 8 .6 5 9 .1 9 9 . 21 8 .8 5 8 .9 7 8 .8 6 9 . 03 8 .6 6 7 8 8 8 .6 0 .5 5 .3 6 .6 6 - 9 .4 0 9 .4 3 9 .9 7 8 .8 6 450 252 52 87 9 .5 6 9 .2 4 9 .2 2 9 .2 7 8 .8 6 8 .8 0 8 .9 8 8 .8 6 9 .1 6 8 .6 6 8 .5 9 8 .7 2 8 .5 5 8 .4 7 8 .6 6 - 1 0.4 9 9 .4 0 9 .4 8 9 .9 7 8 .8 6 143 - $ 6.8 2 - 335 211 146 60 16 8 . 25 9 .3 3 9 .4 5 9 . 19 9 .4 7 8 . 98 9 .3 1 9 . 31 9 . 19 9 .4 0 6 .6 1 8 .6 9 8 .7 8 8 .4 4 9 .3 4 - 9 .4 0 9 .7 4 9 .7 4 9 .7 4 9 .4 5 198 210 145 59 16 9 .2 6 9 .3 4 9 .4 6 9 .2 2 9 .4 7 9 .3 4 9 .3 1 9 .3 1 9 . 19 9 .4 0 8 .9 8 8 .6 9 8 .8 1 8 .4 4 9 .3 4 - 9 .4 0 9 .7 4 9 .7 4 9 .7 4 9 .4 5 137 - 6 .7 8 - 65 270 146 12 34 11 9 . 08 1 1.45 12.7 5 1 2 .6 8 12.5 4 1 2.60 8 .6 9 1 1.4 5 1 2.05 1 2 . 74 - 8 .3 5 8 .9 3 1 1 .5 5 1 1 .9 3 - 9 .6 5 1 2.9 3 1 3.40 65 187 141 11 33 11 9 .0 8 1 2.7 2 1 2 .8 9 1 2.9 9 1 2.6 3 12.6 0 8 .6 9 1 2.0 3 1 2 . 16 12.7 4 - 8 .3 5 1 1.3 11 1 .7 4 1 1.9 3- 9 .6 5 13.5 7 1 3 .4 0 - - 46 12.21 1 1 .4 5 1 0 .9 6 - 8 .4 7 8 .3 2 8 .3 3 8 .1 4 - 8 .2 6 8 .2 1 8 .3 6 8 .1 4 - 7 .8 8 7 .8 4 8 .0 5 7 .8 4 - - 1 3.4 0 - _ - - 14.2 5 - - 8 .7 2 8 .5 9 8 .3 6 8 .5 0 299 73 - 6 .1 5 7 .2 3 - 2 26 93 17 - 5 .8 0 6 .0 9 7 .4 1 - 76 5 .7 9 1 3.40 TUBE F IN IS HI NG CUT-OFF MACHINE OPERATORS.......................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 0 6 .................................................. JOB CLASS 0 7 .................................................. JOB CLASS 0 8 .................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. STRAIGHTENERS............................................................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S YS T EM .. JOB CLASS 0 9 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 0 .................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. BOD AND HIRE 963 652 107 196 1 12 7 .7 5 8 .2 0 8 .3 3 7 .9 5 8 .3 9 7 .9 3 8 .2 0 8 .3 6 7 .8 9 8 .2 1 7 .0 0 7 .5 9 8 .0 5 7 .4 5 7 .6 8 - 8 .3 6 8 .4 8 8 .3 6 8 .2 6 8 .7 9 664 579 107 154 - 311 342 2 66 78 30 6 .8 1 7 .6 3 8 .1 6 8 .2 3 8 .5 9 5 .8 4 7 . 59 8 . 14 8 . 14 8 . 34 5 .7 3 7 .3 7 7 .4 8 8 .0 1 8 .3 4 - 6 .9 6 8 .3 4 8 .5 2 8 .6 3 8 .9 2 249 249 69 27 76 5 .7 9 5 .3 4 5 .3 4 - 6 .9 8 - 54 54 34 31 31 60 42 35 1 ,9 2 5 6 34 96 253 273 9 .7 5 9 . 75 9 .3 6 9 .0 9 9 .0 9 8 .7 7 8 .6 5 8 .4 0 6 .5 5 9 .2 9 9 .8 6 9 .0 8 9 .3 0 9 .7 3 9 . 73 8 .4 2 9 .0 6 9 .0 6 9 .0 4 8 .2 7 8 .2 7 5 .0 8 9 . 21 9 .6 7 8 . 98 9 .2 1 8 .3 0 8 .3 0 8 .3 0 8 .7 4 8 .7 4 7 .5 6 7 .5 6 7 .5 6 5 .0 8 8 .7 4 9 .2 1 8 .7 4 9 .1 7 - 1 0.42 1 0.42 9 .7 3 9 .2 8 9 .2 8 9 .3 6 9 .5 6 9 .5 6 8 .7 4 9 .6 7 11.3 7 9 .6 7 9 .2 9 54 54 34 31 31 60 42 35 800 628 9o 271 . . 8 .2 1 8 .2 1 8 .3 2 8 .7 0 - . 8 . 19 8 . 19 8 .2 7 8 .3 4 - . 7 .4 7 .4 8 .1 8 .3 8844- 8 .5 9 8 .5 9 8 .6 4 9 .0 6 - MILLS BUNDLERS........................................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY S T EM .. JOB CLASS 0 5 .................................................. C0 ILE RS (ROD M I L L S ) ........................... - ............. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S YS T EM .. STRAIGHTEN AND CUT OPERATORS.................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 0 7 .................................................. HIRE DRAWERS (CONTINUOUS M A C H I N E ). . UfoDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S YS T EM .. JOB CLASS 0 8 .................................................. JOB CLASS 0 9 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 0 .................................................. S e e fo o tn o te s a t en d o f ta b le . 9 .7 5 9 .7 5 9 .3 6 9 .0 9 9 .0 9 8 .7 7 6 .6 5 8 .4 0 8 .7 8 9 .3 1 9 .8 6 9 .3 1 9 .7 3 9 .7 3 8 .4 2 9 .0 6 9 .0 6 9 .0 4 8 .2 7 8 .2 7 9 . 17 9 .2 1 9 .6 7 9 .2 1 8 .3 0 8 .3 0 8 .3 0 8 .7 4 8 .7 4 7 .5 6 7 .5 6 7 .5 6 7 .8 1 8 .7 4 9 .2 1 9 .1 7 - 1 0.42 1 0 .4 2 9 .7 3 9 .2 8 9 .2 8 9 .3 6 9 .5 6 9 .5 6 9 .4 7 9 .6 7 11.3 7 9 .2 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ — _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ Table 2. Occupational hourly earnings by method of w age payment— Continued (N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s tr a i g h t- ti m e e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in b a s ic i r o n an d s t e e l e s ta b lis h m e n ts , 2 F e b r u a r y 1978) A ll w orkers D ep a rtm en t, occ u p a tion , type o f pay system , and job c l a s s 3 ALL Number of w ork ers Incentive w o rk e r s H ourly e a rn in g s1 Mean M ed ian M idd le range Number of w ork ers T im e w ork ers H ourly e a rn in g s1 Mean M ed ian $ 9 . 03 8 .9 6 9 .0 3 8 .9 2 9 .0 3 8 .6 9 8 .7 5 M idd le range Number of w ork ers H ou rly earn in gs1 (mean) DEPARTMENTS * MAINTENANCE 6 AUTOMOBILE REPAIRMEN......................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STE M .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 6 ...................................................... JOB CLASS 1 8 ..................................................... RECEIVING LONER RATE................................ JOB CLASS 1 6 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. BLACKSMITHS................................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STE M .. RECEIVING TOP RATE ...................................... JOB CLASS 1 7 .................................................... JOB CLASS 1 8 ..................................................... RECEIVING LONER RATE.................... JOB CLASS 1 3 ..................................................... JOB CLASS 1 5 .................................................... JOB CLASS 1 7 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM ............................................................. BOILERMAKERS................................................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM. . RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 7 .................................................... RECEIVING LONER RATS................................ JOB CLASS 1 3 ..................................................... JOB CLASS 1 5 ..................................................... BRICKLAYERS................................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STE M .. RECEIVING TOP RATE ...................................... JOB CLASS 1 7 ..................................................... RECEIVING LONER RATE ................................ JOB CLASS 1 3 .................................................... JOB CLASS 1 5 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM ............................................................. CARPENTERS...................................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STE M .. RECEIVING TOP RATE ...................................... JOB CLASS 1 5 ........................................ RECEIVING LONER RATE ................................ JOB CLASS 1 1 ............ ........................................ JOB CLASS 1 3 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. ELECTRICIANS (ARMATURE H I N D E R S ) .... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STE M .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 6 .................................................... RECEIVING LONER RATE................................. JOB CLASS 1 2 ........................................ . . . . ELECTRICIANS (LINEM EN) .................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STE M .. RECEIVING TOP RATE ...................................... JOB CLASS 1 8 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM ............................................................. ELECTRICIANS (S H O P )............................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STEM .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 6 ..................................................... JOB CLASS 1 8 ..................................................... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 582 416 253 105 57 163 133 $ 8.4 2 8 .9 1 9 .0 4 8 .9 6 9 .1 2 8 .7 2 8 .8 4 $ 8 .9 6 8 .9 6 9 .0 3 8 .8 4 9 .0 3 8 .6 4 8 .7 5 $ 8 .6 2 8 .6 4 8 .8 4 8 .8 4 8 .6 8 8 .6 2 8 .6 2 - $ 9.2 3 9 .2 0 9 . 20 9 .1 8 9 .0 3 9 .2 3 9 .2 3 491 406 244 96 57 162 132 $ 9.0 1 8 .9 3 9 .0 7 9 .0 3 9 . 12 8 .7 2 8 .8 4 166 266 202 1 35 88 47 67 15 9 13 7 .1 7 8 .9 7 8 .9 3 9 .0 4 9 .0 8 8 .9 6 8 .7 2 8 .3 1 8 .8 4 8 .9 3 9 .1 2 8 .9 8 8 .9 6 8 .9 8 8 .9 6 8 .9 8 8 .6 7 8 .3 9 - 4 .4 0 8 .7 2 8 .6 7 8 .8 9 8 .7 9 8 .9 0 8 .2 9 8 .1 4 - 9 .3 4 9 . 24 9 .2 0 9 . 10 9 .3 1 9 .0 1 9 .3 7 8 .4 6 - 2 54 198 133 86 47 65 15 9 13 - _ 9 .0 2 8 .9 5 9 .0 5 9 .0 9 8 .9 6 8 .7 7 8 .3 1 8 .8 4 8 .9 3 9 .0 1 8 .9 6 8 .9 8 8 .9 6 8 .9 8 8 .6 7 8 .3 9 - 8 .7 9 8 .6 7 8 .8 9 8 .7 9 8 .9 0 8 .3 9 8. 14. . 9 .2 4 9 .2 1 9 .1 0 9 .3 1 9 .0 1 9 .5 4 8 .4 6 . _ 12 _ _ $ 7 .7 6 64 1 ,5 6 7 1 ,3 2 7 1 ,2 0 8 1 ,2 0 5 1 19 61 56 2 ,8 2 6 1 ,7 5 8 1 ,4 7 8 1 ,4 6 4 66 30 36 9 .0 8 8 .9 7 8 .9 9 9 .0 4 9 .0 4 8 .4 9 8 .3 9 8 .6 0 9 .5 5 9 .3 7 9 .3 2 9 .3 2 8 .3 7 8 .2 3 8 .4 8 9 .2 4 8 .8 6 8 .9 6 8 .9 6 8 .9 6 8 .4 6 8 .2 5 8 .7 0 9 .7 4 9 .3 1 9 .3 1 9 .3 1 8 .2 4 7 .9 8 8 .5 1 9 .1 1 8 .7 5 8 .7 5 8 .7 5 8 .7 5 8 .2 3 8 . 198 .4 6 9 .2 1 8 .9 9 8 .9 2 8 .9 2 8 .0 4 7 .9 5 8 . 16- 9 .2 4 9 .2 6 9 .2 6 9 .2 6 9 . 26 8 .7 0 8 . 59 8 .7 3 9 .8 7 9 .7 4 9 .7 4 9 .7 4 8 .7 0 8 .6 7 8 .8 3 56 1 ,5 0 6 1 ,3 2 4 1 ,2 0 5 1 ,2 0 5 11 9 61 56 1 ,9 2 6 1 ,524 1,4 5 1 1 ,4 3 7 66 30 36 9 .2 7 8 .9 7 8 .9 9 9 .0 4 9 .0 4 8 .4 9 8 .3 9 8 .6 0 9 .4 8 9 .3 0 9 .3 4 9 .3 4 8 .3 7 8 .2 3 8 .4 8 9 .2 4 8 .8 5 8 .9 6 8 .9 6 8 .9 6 8 .4 6 8 .2 5 8 .7 0 9 .5 1 9 .3 1 9 .3 1 9 .3 1 8 . 24 7 .9 8 8 . 51 9 .2 1 8 .7 5 8 .7 5 8 .7 5 8 .7 5 8 .2 3 8. 198 .4 6 9 .1 4 8 .9 2 9 .0 6 9 .0 0 8 .0 4 7 .9 5 8. 16- 9 .2 4 9 .2 6 9 .2 6 9 .2 6 9 .2 6 8 .7 0 8 .5 9 8 .7 3 9 .8 2 9 .7 4 9 .7 4 9 .7 4 8 .7 0 8 .6 7 8 .8 3 - . _ - 1 ,0 6 8 1 ,4 9 7 1 ,0 6 1 894 858 159 79 76 9 .8 6 8 .5 8 8 .6 6 8 .7 2 8 .7 2 8 .2 9 8 .0 7 8 .5 1 9 .8 7 8 .6 2 8 .6 6 8 .6 6 8 .6 6 8 .1 8 8 . 15 8 .3 7 9 .8 7 8. 368 .3 6 8 .4 1 8 .4 1 7 .9 8 7 .9 1 8 .3 2 - 1 0.29 9 .0 6 9 .0 6 9 .0 6 9 .0 6 8 .3 8 8 . 18 8 .9 5 40 2 1,3 1 2 998 837 8 10 153 75 74 1 0 . 17 8 .7 7 8 .7 0 8 .7 7 8 .7 5 8 . 31 8 .0 8 8 .5 3 1 0 .2 9 8 .6 6 8 .6 6 8 .7 2 8 .7 2 8 . 18 8 .1 5 8 .3 7 1 0.2 98 .4 4 8. 4 0 8 .4 4 8 .4 4 8. 1 37 .9 1 8 .3 2 - 1 0 .4 2 9 .0 8 9 .0 6 9 .0 6 9 .0 6 8 .4 2 8 .1 8 8 .9 5 436 513 348 330 323 13 8 3 91 139 116 116 8 .4 0 9 .0 6 9 .0 3 9 .0 5 9 .0 6 8 .4 8 8 .4 3 9 .2 3 9 .1 8 9 .3 1 9 .3 1 8 .5 6 9 . 18 9 .0 9 9 . 18 9 . 18 - 9 .2 8 9 .4 2 9 .3 5 9 .3 5 9 .3 5 9 .4 4 9 .2 9 9 .2 9 9 .2 9 314 474 3 38 32 0 31 3 13 8 3 55 139 116 116 9 .0 1 9 . 14 9 .0 5 9 .0 7 9 .0 8 8 . 48 8 .4 3 9 .3 4 9 . 18 9 .3 1 9 .3 1 9 .0 8 9 .2 5 9 .1 8 9 . 18 9 .1 8 - 8. 568. 9 2 8 .9 2 8 .9 2 8 .9 2 - 9 .4 2 9 .4 2 9 .3 5 9 .3 5 9 .3 5 - 9 .4 2 9 .2 9 9 .2 9 9 .2 9 7 .9 9 8 .9 2 8 .8 2 8 .9 2 8 .9 2 9 .2 8 9 .2 7 9 .2 8 9 .2 8 - 9 .4 2 9 . 29 9 .2 9 9 .2 9 9 .2 9 9 .2 7 9 .2 8 9. 28- 9 .4 5 9 .2 9 9 .2 9 9 .2 9 2 52 1 ,6 2 2 865 785 443 296 9 .2 6 8 .6 6 8 .7 6 8 .7 8 8 .5 9 9 .0 5 9 .4 2 8 .8 1 8 .5 4 8 .5 6 8 . 26 8 .8 0 9 .4 2 8 .2 6 8 .2 6 8 .2 6 8 .2 6 8 .4 8 - 9 .4 5 9 .3 8 9 . 18 9 .1 8 8 .9 2 9 .5 6 - 9 . 18 9 .0 6 9 . 17 9 .0 6 9 .3 1 8 .8 1 8 .5 9 8 .8 4 8 .8 4 8 .7 8 - 9 .5 5 9 .39 9 .5 5 9 .3 9 9 .5 6 1 ,0 1 3 5 10 430 182 202 - - 9 . 18 9 .1 4 9 . 18 9 . 18 9 .2 4 $ 8 .7 5 8 .7 5 8 .8 4 8 .8 4 8 .6 8 8 .6 2 8 .6 2 - $9.2 3 9 .2 0 9 .2 0 9 .1 8 9 .0 3 9 .2 3 9 .2 3 - - 900 . - _ _ . _ _ 9 .7 1 . _ _ _ - 185 63 57 48 . . 7 .2 5 8 .0 2 8 .0 4 8 .1 5 _ . 12 2 _ . . - 6 .8 5 609 355 355 _ _ _ . _ 7 .8 0 8 .3 2 8 .3 2 ' S ee fo o tn o te s a t en d o f ta b le , Table 2. Occupational hourly earnings by method of w age payment— Continued (N u m b e r an d a v e r a g e s tr a i g h t- ti m e e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in b a s ic ir o n an d s te e l e s ta b lis h m e n ts , 2 F e b r u a r y 1978) A ll w orkers D epartm ent, occ u p a tio n , type o f p a y sy ste m , and jo b c l a s s 3 Number of w ork ers Incentive w o r k e r s H ourly ea rn in g s1 Mean M edian 80 20 46 $ 8 .4 7 8 .5 2 8 .4 7 $ 8.5 4 8 .5 4 8 .5 6 $ 8 .2 8 8 .4 2 8 .2 9 - $ 8.56 8 .5 4 8 .5 8 757 2 ,2 7 5 2 ,0 4 5 1 ,8 4 7 1 ,8 2 5 1 94 126 65 8 .5 5 9 . 14 9 .1 8 9 .2 4 9 .2 4 8 .6 2 8 .5 3 8 .7 7 8 .8 1 9 . 09 9 .0 9 9 . 10 9 . 10 8 .4 0 8 .4 0 8 .7 4 7 .8 7 8 .8 6 8 .8 6 8 .8 9 8 .8 9 8 .3 3 8 .3 9 8 .2 7 - 9 .3 8 9 .4 4 9 .4 4 9 .5 6 9 .5 6 8 .8 5 8 .7 6 9 .1 8 M iddle range Number of w ork ers T im e w orkers H ourly ea rn in g s1 Mean M ed ian M idd le range 80 20 46 $ 8 .4 7 8 .5 2 8 .4 7 $ 8 . 54 8 .5 4 8 . 56 8 .2 8 8 .4 2 8 .2 9 - $ 8 .5 6 8 .5 4 8 .5 8 50 3 2 ,1 9 7 2 ,0 4 2 1 ,8 4 4 1 ,8 2 2 194 12 6 65 9 .3 0 9 .1 7 9 .1 8 9 .2 4 9 .2 5 8 .6 2 8 .5 3 8 .7 7 9 . 38 9 . 09 9 .0 9 9 . 10 9 .1 0 8 . 40 8 .4 0 8 .7 4 8 .8 1 8 .8 9 8 .8 6 8 .8 9 8 .8 9 8. 338 .3 9 8 .2 7 - 9 .8 1 9 .4 4 9 .4 4 9 .5 6 9 .5 6 8 .8 5 8 .7 6 9 .1 8 Number of w ork ers H ou rly earn in gs1 (mean) ALL DEPART M E NT S5 MAINTENANCE-- CONTINUED RECEIVING LOWER RATE................................ JOB CLASS 1 2 . . . . . . . ....................... ... . . JOB CLASS 1 4 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. ELECTRICIANS (WIREMEN)................................... UNDER COHHON JOB AND PAY SY STEM .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 8 ..................................................... RECEIVING LOWER RATE................................. JOB CLASS 1 4 ..................................................... JOB CLASS 1 6 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. ELECTRONIC REPAIRMEN......................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STEM .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 2 0 ..................................................... RECEIVING LOWER RATE................................ JOB CLASS 1 6 ..................................................... JOB CLASS 1 8 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM.............................................. .. . . . . INSTRUMENT REPAIRMEN......................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 8 ..................................................... JOB CLASS 2 0 ..................................................... RECEIVING LOWER RATE................................ JOB CLASS 1 4 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. MACHINISTS...................................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STE M .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 8 ............................................... RECEIVING LOWER RATE................................ JOB CLASS 14 ..................................................... JOB CLASS 1 6 .................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. MILLWRIGHTS................................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STEM .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 6 ..................................................... RECEIVING LOWER RATE................................ JOB CLASS 1 2 . , ............................................... JOB CLASS 1 4 ..................................................... JOB CLASS 1 6 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. MILLWRIGHT HELPERS............................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STE M .. JOB CLASS 0 6 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM.............................................................. MOBILE EQUIPMENT MECHANICS........................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STE M .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 6 ..................................................... RECEIVING LOWER BATE................................ S ee fo o tn o te s a t en d o f ta b le , - - - - - “ - 254 78 - - - - - - “ - - 230 8 .7 6 8 .9 1 8 .3 4 - 8 .9 1 - 9 .4 5 9 .4 8 9 .5 0 9 .4 7 9 .3 8 9 .1 4 9 .4 8 9 .3 8 9 .3 8 9 .3 8 9 .3 8 9 .3 0 8 .9 7 9 .3 0 9 .0 6 9 . 129 .1 2 9. 128 .6 6 8 .6 6 8 .9 4 - 9 .9 7 9 .7 6 9 .7 2 9 .7 2 9 .8 6 9 . 52 1 0 .0 3 1 ,4 5 2 1 ,0 3 4 8 79 835 151 92 57 9 .5 9 9 .5 1 9 .5 4 9 .5 3 9 .3 2 9 . 18 9 .5 8 9 .5 2 9 .3 8 9 . 38 9 .3 8 9 .3 0 8 .9 8 9 .7 9 $ 9 .1 2 9. 129. 159 .1 5 8. 708 .6 6 8 .9 4 - 9 .9 7 9 .7 6 9 .7 2 9 .7 2 9 .8 2 9 .5 5 1 0.1 1 225 95 73 64 548 1 ,2 9 0 898 768 670 8 127 50 9 . 40 9 .0 5 9 . 11 9 .1 7 9 .0 2 9 .2 3 8 .7 3 8 .5 6 9 . 97 9 .0 6 9 .0 1 9 .0 6 9 .0 0 8 .8 3 8 .7 5 8 .7 5 8 .8 0 8 .7 5 - 10.0 7 9 .2 4 9 . 40 9 .4 0 9 .3 1 418 1 ,1 5 2 871 7 41 646 9 .8 0 9 .1 5 9 . 12 9 .1 9 9 .0 4 9 .9 7 9 . 14 9 . 01 9 .0 6 9 . 01 9 .0 6 8 .8 5 8 .7 5 8 .8 5 8 .7 5 - 1 0.2 7 9 .2 4 9 .4 0 9 .4 0 9 .3 3 130 138 8 .6 2 8 .5 9 8 .5 9 8 .4 1 - 8 .9 0 8 .7 4 127 50 8 .7 3 8 .5 6 8 .6 2 8 .5 9 8. 5 98 .4 1 - 8 .9 0 8 .7 4 392 6 ,1 8 0 4 ,2 3 5 3 ,9 5 1 3 ,8 3 9 275 1 62 1 02 8 .9 3 9 .1 3 9 .2 8 9 .3 0 9 .3 1 8 .9 3 8 .9 0 9 .0 5 9 .2 3 9 .3 2 9 .2 8 9 .3 2 9 .3 2 8 .9 1 8 .7 4 9 . 18 8 .3 4 8 .8 3 8 .8 9 8 .8 9 8 .9 0 8 .4 7 8 .5 9 8 .5 0 - 9 . 24 9 .5 7 9 .6 6 9 .7 1 9 .7 1 9 .2 6 9 .1 4 9 . 36 281 5 ,1 1 7 3 ,7 2 0 3 ,4 6 3 3 ,3 5 1 248 147 90 9 .2 4 9 .3 9 9 . 39 9 .4 2 9 .4 3 9 .0 2 8 .9 8 9 . 15 9 .2 4 9 .4 5 9 .4 3 9 .4 4 9 .4 4 8 .9 3 8 .9 2 9 . 18 9 .2 3 8 .9 7 8 .9 2 9 .1 2 9. 1 6 8 .6 0 8 .5 9 8 .8 6 - 9 .2 4 9 .7 0 9 .7 6 9 .7 6 9 .8 3 9 .3 1 9 . 16 9 .3 6 1 ,9 4 5 17,5 82 11,6 00 7 ,6 6 2 6 ,9 4 0 3 ,8 8 1 1 ,4 5 6 1 ,1 9 8 1,0 3 1 8 .8 2 8 .9 1 9 .0 5 9 .0 2 8 .9 9 9 .1 1 8 .7 9 9 .0 6 9 .6 7 9 .4 8 8 .9 5 9 .0 8 9 .0 8 9 .0 6 9 .1 0 8 .6 5 9 .0 9 9 .6 8 8 .3 4 8 .5 7 8 .6 5 8 .7 3 8 .7 4 8 .5 9 8 .3 4 8 .6 1 9 .4 0 - 9 . 54 9 .3 4 9 .4 0 9 .2 3 9 . 22 9 .5 2 9 . 16 9 .3 8 1 0.07 1 ,3 9 7 15,773 11,1 40 7 ,2 3 2 6 ,5 8 2 3 ,8 5 1 1,4 4 3 1 ,1 8 8 1 ,0 2 9 9 .4 1 9 .0 4 9 .0 9 9 .0 7 9 . 03 9 .1 2 8 .8 0 9 .0 7 9 .6 7 9 .5 4 9 .0 2 9 . 09 9 .0 8 9 . 08 9 . 11 8 .6 5 9 .0 9 9 .6 8 9 .0 9 8 .7 2 8 .7 4 8 .7 5 8 .7 4 8. 6 0 8. 3 4 8 .6 5 9 .4 0 - 9 .7 0 9 .4 0 9 .4 0 9 .3 0 9 .2 2 9 .5 2 9 .1 6 9 .3 8 1 0.07 548 1 ,8 0 9 460 5 ,9 8 2 2 ,4 4 9 1 ,9 7 5 1 ,7 9 9 8 .6 3 7 .6 9 7 .7 8 7 .7 5 8 .7 2 7 .7 0 7 .7 6 7 .7 5 8 7 7 7 - 9 .0 2 8 . 14 8 .1 7 8 . 12 4 ,6 3 3 2 ,3 0 5 1 ,9 4 5 1 ,7 7 5 8 .9 1 7 .7 6 7 .7 9 7 .7 6 8 .7 2 7 .7 3 7 .7 6 7 .7 6 8 .7 27 .3 4 7. 3 87 .3 8 - 9 .3 7 8 .2 0 8 .2 0 8 .1 3 1,3 4 9 144 30 474 2 ,2 6 9 1 ,3 1 3 1 ,1 3 3 922 1 73 7 .3 3 8 .8 5 8 .8 1 8 .8 8 8 .8 6 8 .3 6 7 .2 7 9 .0 2 8 .7 5 8 .7 7 8 .7 5 8 .2 4 7 .1 0 8 .4 5 8 .4 1 8 .4 5 8 .4 5 8 .0 8 - 7 .4 8 9 .3 3 9 .1 5 9 . 31 9 .3 3 8 .5 0 _ - - .3 .3 .3 .3 - 1 4 8 6 - 2 ,0 6 3 1 ,2 8 9 1 ,1 1 4 904 168 - _ 8 .9 8 8 .8 2 8 .8 9 8 .8 8 8 . 36 - _ 9 . 06 8 .7 5 8 . 79 8 .7 5 8 .2 4 - _ 8 .5 5 8 .4 5 8 .4 5 8 .4 5 8 .0 8 - - _ 9 .4 1 9 .1 8 9 .3 1 9 .3 3 8 .5 0 - - 1 ,6 7 7 1, 129 952 899 173 96 63 - $ 7 .0 6 8 .1 7 - - 8 .5 7 9 .2 0 9 .0 4 8 .7 2 - - - - - 8 .1 0 8 .2 4 - - - - - - - - - - _ 1 ,0 6 3 515 488 488 - _ 7 .8 7 8 .4 7 8 .4 9 8 .4 9 - - - - - - 30 7 .3 1 7. 77 8 .1 4 - 7 .7 2 - - - - - - 1 14 206 - 7 .6 4 6 .7 1 7 .2 4 - 6 .5 7 7 .5 2 - - - - - - Table 2 . Occupational hourly earnings by method of w age paym ent— Continued (N u m b e r an d a v e r a g e s tr a i g h t- ti m e e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in b a s ic ir o n an d s te e l e s ta b lis h m e n ts , 2 F e b r u a r y 1978) A ll w orkers D epartm ent, occ u p a tion , type o f p a y s y s t e m , a nd j o b c l a s s 3 ALL Number of w ork ers Incentive w o rk e r s H ou rly e a rn in g s1 Mean M edian 75 93 $ 8.2 2 8 .4 9 $8.0 8 8 .3 5 $ 8 .0 8 8 .1 7 - $8.2 7 8 .8 1 956 8 ,1 6 9 6 ,1 8 7 4 ,6 6 2 4 ,4 1 1 1 ,4 9 7 7 28 576 8 .9 0 9 .0 1 9 .0 5 9 .1 1 9 .0 9 8 .8 4 8 .6 3 8 .9 9 9 .2 4 9 .0 7 9 .0 8 9 .0 8 9 .0 8 8 .7 6 8 .5 7 8 .9 6 8 .8 0 8 .5 7 8 .6 5 8 .7 5 8 .7 5 8 .4 1 8 .2 1 8 .4 8 - 1 ,9 8 2 558 416 345 2 91 67 11 26 8 .9 0 8 .2 9 8 .5 2 8 .5 7 8 .4 6 8 .2 4 7 .9 8 8 .2 3 8 .9 1 8 .4 3 8 . 43 8 .5 5 8 . 28 8 .4 1 8 .0 3 1 42 7 .6 2 7 .7 6 110 77 76 74 9 .2 4 9 .3 8 9 .4 3 9 .4 0 9 .1 5 9 .0 6 9 . 06 9 .0 6 8 8 8 8 33 4 ,4 2 4 3 ,1 0 9 2 ,6 8 7 2 ,0 9 0 4 01 182 1 99 8 .9 2 8 .8 1 8 .8 0 8 .8 5 8 .7 7 8 .4 2 8 .1 7 8 .6 2 1 ,3 1 5 532 336 329 2 ,3 6 4 1 ,2 9 0 1 ,0 8 2 962 205 1 34 69 M i d d l e :r a n g e Number of w ork ers T im e w orkers Number of w ork M idd le range ers H ourly e a rn in g s1 H ou rly earn in gs1 (mean) Mean M ed ian 73 93 $ 8.2 0 8 .4 9 $8.0 8 8 .3 5 9 .4 2 9 . 37 9 .3 4 9 . 36 9 .2 8 9 .2 8 8 .9 3 9 .3 8 7 74 7 ,8 0 2 6 ,1 6 5 4 ,6 5 2 4 ,4 0 1 1,4 8 5 72 3 5 74 9 .2 5 9 .0 6 9 .0 5 9 . 12 9 .0 9 8 .8 4 8 .6 4 8 .9 9 9 .2 4 9 .0 8 9 .0 8 9 .0 8 9 .0 8 8 .7 6 8 .5 7 8 .9 6 9 .0 28 .6 1 8. 688 .7 5 8 .7 5 8 .4 1 8 .2 3 8. 4 8 - 9 .4 2 9 .3 9 9 .3 4 9 .3 6 9 .2 9 9 .2 8 8 .9 3 9 .3 8 8 .3 9 8 .0 2 8. 168 .1 6 8 .1 6 8 .0 2 - 9 .5 7 8 .8 1 8 .8 0 8 .8 6 8 .8 0 8 .4 3 - 1 ,6 3 7 4 58 397 328 27 7 65 - 9 .0 9 8 .6 0 8 .5 5 8 .6 1 8 .4 8 8 .2 6 - 9 .2 8 8 .6 3 8 .4 3 8 .6 2 8 .3 7 8 .4 3 - 8 .4 9 8. 2 1 8. 168 .2 1 8. 168 .0 2 - 9 .5 7 8 .9 1 8 .8 0 8 .8 6 8 .8 0 8 .4 3 - 8 .0 2 - 8 .6 3 25 8 .2 5 8 .0 3 8 .0 2 - 8 .6 3 6. 44- 9 . 05 - 1941- 9 .7 6 1 0 .2 3 1 0.23 1 0 .2 3 96 71 71 69 9 .4 7 9 .4 5 9 .4 5 9 .4 6 9 .1 5 9 .0 7 9 . 07 9 .0 6 9 .1 5 8 .8 3 8 .7 9 8 .8 3 8 .7 9 8 .4 6 8 .2 0 8 .5 8 9 .1 5 8 .3 3 8 .3 4 8 .3 6 8 .3 5 8 .2 0 7 .9 0 8 .4 6 - 9 .7 6 9 .3 0 9 .1 3 9 .1 6 9 .0 6 8 .5 8 8 . 38 8 .7 9 4 , 186 3 ,0 0 8 2 ,5 9 4 2 ,0 7 8 393 176 1 98 8 .8 6 8 .8 2 8 .8 7 8 .7 7 8 .4 4 8 . 19 8 .6 3 8 . 87 8 .8 2 8 .8 4 8 .7 9 8 .4 6 8 . 20 8 .5 8 8 .3 6 8 .3 6 8 .3 7 8 .3 6 8. 207 .9 1 8 .4 6 - 9 .3 6 9 .1 3 9 . 17 9 .0 6 8 .6 5 8 .3 8 8 .7 9 238 - 8 .8 3 7 .5 9 7 .6 5 7 .6 5 8 .9 8 8 .8 8 8 .9 4 8 .9 2 8 .5 4 8 .3 2 8 .9 6 8 .9 1 7 .2 9 7 .5 5 7 .5 5 9 .0 8 9 .0 1 9 .0 6 9 .0 1 8 .4 6 8 .3 8 9 .1 3 8 .2 3 7 .2 4 7 .2 4 7 .2 4 8 .6 8 8 .5 3 8 .6 7 8 .6 7 8 .0 7 8 .0 0 8 .6 4 - 9 .5 5 8 .2 4 8 .2 4 8 .2 4 9 .6 0 9 . 18 9 . 18 9 . 18 8 .9 7 8 .5 1 9 .2 5 1 ,1 7 8 51 9 323 318 2 ,2 0 0 1 ,2 8 3 1 ,0 7 5 955 205 134 69 8 .9 8 7 .6 0 7 .6 7 7 .6 7 9 .0 9 8 .8 8 8 .9 4 8 .9 2 8 .5 4 8 .3 2 8 .9 6 9 .0 5 7 .3 2 7 .5 7 7 .5 7 9 . 18 9 .0 1 9 .0 6 9 .0 1 8 .4 6 8 .3 8 9 . 13 8 .3 5 7 .2 4 7 .2 4 7. 2 4 8 .6 8 8 .5 3 8 .6 7 8 .6 7 8 .0 7 8 .0 0 8 .6 4 - 9 .5 5 8 .2 4 8 .2 4 6 .2 4 9 .6 0 9 .1 8 9 .1 8 9 .1 8 8 .9 7 8 .5 1 9 .2 5 - 1 ,0 7 4 827 4 80 455 422 20 9 .1 2 9 .0 3 9 .1 8 9 . 16 9 .1 0 8 .3 3 9 .6 0 9 .2 5 9 .2 5 9 .2 5 9 .1 3 8 . 15 8 .6 8 8 .3 7 8 .3 7 8 .3 7 8 .3 7 8 .0 9 - 9 .6 0 1 0.2 2 9 .4 4 9 .4 4 9 .4 1 8 .3 1 917 561 372 358 325 9 9 .4 0 9 .8 8 9 .4 2 9 .3 8 9 .3 1 8 .6 0 9 .6 0 9 .5 9 9 .3 1 9 .3 1 9 .2 6 - 9 .3 9 9 .2 5 9 .0 1 9 .0 4 9 .0 0 - 9 .6 0 1 0.76 9 .9 6 9 .9 6 9 .4 4 _ 266 1)8 97 97 - 7 .2 3 8 . 34 8 .3 7 8 . 37 - 347 216 1 76 144 125 8 .8 2 9 . 10 9 .0 4 9 .0 6 8 .9 4 9 .5 9 9 .0 8 8 .9 8 8 .9 8 8 .9 6 7 .7 0 8 .6 6 8 .6 6 8 .6 1 8 .5 7 - 10.9 5 9 .4 2 9 .3 6 9 .4 8 9 .3 1 189 215 175 143 1 25 1 0.78 9 .1 0 9 .0 4 9 .0 7 8 .9 4 1 0.95 9 .0 8 8 .9 8 8 . 98 8 .9 6 1 0.7 68 .6 7 8 .6 6 8 .6 4 8 .5 7 - 1 1.3 0 9 .4 2 9 .3 8 9 .5 0 9 .3 1 1 58 - 6 .4 8 - 40 9 .3 5 9 .4 2 9 .2 2 - 9 .4 2 40 9 .3 5 9 .4 2 9 .2 2 - 9 .4 2 - DEPARTMENTS 5 MAINTENANCE--CONTINUED JOB CLASS 1 2 ..................................................... JOB CLASS 1 4 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT STSTEN............................................................. MOTOR INSPECTORS..................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT S T S T E H . . RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 6 ........................................ RECEIVING LONER RATE................................. JOB CLASS 1 2 ............................. ....................... JOB CLASS 1 4 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT STSTEM ............................................................. PAINTERS ............................................................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT S T S T B H . • RECEIVING TOP RATE ...................................... JOB CLASS 1 3 ..................................................... RECEIVING LONER RATE................................ JOB CLASS 0 9 ..................................................... JOB CLASS 1 1 ........................................ NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT STSTEM ............................................................. PATTERNMAKERS............................................................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT ST ST E M .. RECEIVING TOP RATE ...................................... JOB CLASS 1 9 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT STSTEH....................................................... .. P IP E FIT T E R S ............................................................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT ST STEM .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 5 ..................................................... RECEIVING LONER RATE ................................ JOB CLASS 1 1 ..................................................... JOB CLASS 1 3 ......................................... .. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT STSTEH .............................................. .. PIPE FITTE R HELPERS ............................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT S T S T E H .. JOB CLASS 0 6 ..................................................... RIGGERS .............................................................................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT ST STEM .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 6 . . .............................................. RECEIVING LONER RATE................................ JOB CLASS 1 2 ..................................................... JOB CLASS 1 4 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT STSTEM .............................................. ... ROLL TURNERS................................................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT S T S T E H .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 7 ..................................................... RECEIVING LONER RATB ............... . .............. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT STSTEM ............................................................. SHEET METAL NORKERS............................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT ST ST E M .. RECEIVING TOP RATE ...................................... JOB CLASS 1 7 .................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAT STSTEM ............................................................. S ee fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le . .9 .8 .9 .9 - - - $8 . 0 8 - $ 8 . 2 7 8. 178 .8 1 9 .0 0 8 .9 58 .9 5 8 .9 5- 9 .7 6 1 0 .2 3 1 0 .2 3 1 0 .2 3 - _ - - - - - $ 6.8 7 7 .8 8 7 .9 2 - 100 19 17 81 _ - - - 6 .6 3 7 .8 4 _ - - Table 2. Occupational hourly earnings by method of w age paym ent— Continued (N u m b e r an d a v e r a g e s tr a i g h t- ti m e e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in b a s ic ir o n an d s te e l e s ta b lis h m e n ts , 2 F e b r u a r y 1978) A ll w orkers D e pa rtm e n t, o cc u p a t io n , type o f p a y s y s t e m , a nd j o b c l a s s 3 Number of w ork ers ALL Incentive w o r k e r s Number H o u rly ea rn in gs 'i Mean M ed ian H ou rly e a rn in g s1 of M idd le range w ork ers T im e w orkers Number Mean M edian of M iddle range w ork ers H ourly earn in gs1 (mean) DEPARTMENTS5 6 MAINTENANCE-- CONTINUED TOOL MAKERS................................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STE M .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 2 0 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. WELDERS.............................................................................. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY STE M .. RECEIVING TOP RATE...................................... JOB CLASS 1 6 ..................................................... RECEIVING LONER RATE................................ JOB CLASS 1 2 ...................................... ... JOB CLASS 1 4 ..................................................... NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. GENERAL 203 74 73 48 $8.5 4 9 .3 9 9 .3 8 9 .1 7 $8.31 9 .5 5 9 .5 5 9 .3 2 $ 7 .4 3 8 .7 0 8 .7 0 8 .7 0 - $ 9.55 9 .9 6 9 .9 6 9 .5 5 79 61 60 35 $ 9 .6 8 9 .5 4 9 .5 3 9 .3 5 $ 9.9 6 9 .5 5 9 .5 5 9 . 34 $ 9 .3 4 9 .3 2 9 .3 2 9 .3 2 - $ 9.9 6 9 .9 6 9 .9 6 9 .5 5 129 6 , 682 4 ,1 5 9 3 ,3 9 3 2 ,9 5 8 742 194 498 8 .0 5 8 .7 8 9 .0 4 9 . 10 9 .0 4 8 .7 9 8 .5 3 8 .9 4 8 .3 1 9 .0 1 9 .0 5 9 . 12 9 .0 3 8 .8 0 8 .5 2 8 .9 3 7 .4 3 8 .3 5 8 .6 4 8 .7 9 8 .7 5 8 .4 3 8 .3 8 8 .6 4 - 8 . 31 9 .3 3 9 .3 0 9 .3 0 9 .1 9 9 . 11 8 .6 2 9 .3 3 5 ,3 4 6 4 ,0 0 1 3 ,2 6 2 2 ,8 2 7 715 194 498 9 .1 1 9 .0 7 9 . 13 9 .0 7 8 .8 2 8 .5 3 8 .9 4 9 .1 2 9 . 10 9 .1 2 9 .1 1 8 . 81 8 .5 2 8 .9 3 8 .7 5 8 .7 5 8 .8 3 8 .7 9 8 .5 2 8 .3 8 8 .6 4 - 2 ,5 2 3 8 .3 5 8 .4 9 7 .7 6 - 9 .4 2 1 ,3 4 5 9 .2 1 9 . 42 3 ,8 7 8 2 ,4 9 2 2 ,3 9 0 6 .5 8 6 .7 5 6 .7 5 6 .7 1 6 .7 1 6 .7 1 6 .3 2 6 .7 1 6 .7 1 - 6 .7 6 6 .8 1 6 .8 0 1 ,2 1 9 1 ,1 0 5 1 ,0 6 6 6 .8 9 6 .8 7 6 .8 7 1 ,3 8 6 15,591 10,7 64 8 ,7 3 6 1, 195 400 72 6 6 .2 8 6 .6 7 6 .9 0 6 .8 2 7 .2 3 7 .2 9 7 .7 1 8 .5 3 6 .3 2 6 .7 1 6 . 78 6 . 71 7 . 14 7 .3 6 7 .8 8 - 6 .3 2 6 .4 8 6 .7 1 6 .7 1 7. 146 .9 3 7 .2 8 - 6 . 71 6 .9 3 7 .0 5 6 .9 0 7 .3 7 7 .4 6 7 .8 8 - 7 ,2 3 4 5 ,9 9 5 4 , 313 1 ,0 9 2 374 69 6 4 ,8 2 7 6 . 16 6 .3 2 6 .3 2 - 6 .7 1 1 ,8 5 6 1 ,3 4 5 1 97 174 29 36 688 7 .8 1 8 .3 5 8 .1 8 8 . 24 8 .9 1 8 .4 1 8 .1 7 7 .9 9 8 . 11 8 . 12 8 . 16 7 .7 7 8 . 55 7 . 99 7 .8 2 7 .8 2 7 .9 3 7 .8 6 7 .5 9 8 . 117 .8 2 - 511 9 53 9 53 26 2 68 373 6 .3 9 8 .8 9 8 .8 9 8 .4 1 8 .8 3 8 .9 9 7 . 09 9 .0 8 9 .0 8 8 . 10 8 .9 1 9 .0 8 3 83 322 48 40 49 41 8 .5 9 8 .6 6 8 .4 6 8 .5 4 8 .6 1 8 .9 8 61 124 - $ 7.8 2 - 9 .4 2 9 .3 0 9 .3 3 9 .1 9 9 .1 4 8 .6 2 9 .3 3 111 1 ,3 3 6 - 7 .7 1 7 .4 7 - 8 .6 8 - 9 .5 1 1 ,17 8 7 .3 7 6 .7 7 6 .7 7 6 .7 5 6 .7 1 6. 716 .7 1 - 6 .9 1 6 .9 9 6 .9 9 2 ,6 5 9 1 ,3 8 7 1 ,3 2 4 6 .4 4 6 .6 5 6 .6 4 6 .9 9 7 .1 0 7 .0 0 7 .2 6 7 .3 2 7 .7 4 8 .5 3 6 .9 1 6 .9 9 6 .9 0 7 .3 2 7 .3 6 7 .8 8 - 6 .7 6 6 .7 8 6 .7 6 7 .1 4 6 .9 5 7 .6 4 - 7 .3 5 7 .3 6 7 .2 5 7 .3 7 7 .4 6 7 .8 8 - 1 ,2 7 2 8 ,3 5 7 4 ,7 6 9 4 ,4 2 3 103 - 6 .2 1 6 .4 0 6 .6 5 6 .6 4 6 .8 2 - 1 ,2 3 9 6 .4 5 6 .8 0 6 .2 8 - 6 .9 1 3 ,5 8 8 6 .0 6 8 .6 1 8 .6 7 8 .5 6 8 .6 7 8 .8 4 8 .5 5 8 .2 9 1 ,3 2 2 1 ,1 2 1 197 174 25 36 468 8 .4 9 8 .4 6 8 . 18 8 .2 4 9 . 12 8 .4 1 8 .3 4 8 . 29 8 .2 9 8 . 12 8 .1 6 8 .8 4 8 .5 5 8 . 15 7 .9 7 7 .9 9 7 .9 3 7 .8 6 7 .7 7 8 .1 1 7 .9 9 - 8 .7 2 8 .7 1 8 .5 6 8 .6 7 8 .8 4 8 .5 5 8 .5 2 5 34 - 6 .1 2 _ _ _ 4. 108 .4 9 8 .4 9 8. 108 .5 1 8 .8 3 - 7 .9 7 9 .1 2 9 .1 2 8 .8 6 9 . 12 9 .0 8 201 872 872 26 249 373 8 .6 8 8 .9 9 8 .9 9 8 .4 1 8 .9 1 8 .9 9 8 .6 8 9 .0 8 9 . 08 8 .1 0 8 .9 1 9 .0 8 7 .9 7 8 .7 3 8 .7 3 8 . IQ 8 .5 2 8 .8 3- 9 .7 4 9 . 12 9 . 12 8 .8 6 9 . 12 9 .0 8 - 8 .5 8 8 . 58 8 .5 1 8 .3 6 8 .5 8 8 .9 5 8 .2 6 8 .3 0 8 .4 1 8 .0 6 8 .5 3 8 .8 4 - 9 .0 3 8 .9 8 8 .5 8 9 .2 6 8 .7 2 9 .2 3 350 312 48 36 49 40 8 .7 3 8 .6 8 8 .4 6 8 .6 0 8 .6 1 9 .0 0 8 . 66 8 .5 8 8 .5 1 8 .6 6 8 .5 8 9 .0 8 8 .3 6 8 .3 4 8 .4 1 8 .0 6 8 .5 3 8 .8 4 - 9 .0 3 8 .9 9 8 .5 8 9 .2 6 8 .7 2 9 .2 3 33 - 8 .2 1 8 .9 3 6 .3 1 - 9 .0 5 38 9 .1 4 9 .0 5 8 .9 3 - 9 .3 8 - 347 188 48 32 7 .5 0 7 .8 2 7 .5 7 8 .1 3 7 .5 2 7 .8 4 7 .4 7 8 .2 2 7 . 187 .5 6 7 .3 3 8 .0 4 - 8 .0 4 8 .1 6 7 .8 4 8 .2 4 228 17 0 46 28 7 .6 6 7 .9 0 7 .5 9 8 .2 5 7 .8 3 7 .9 1 7 .5 2 8 .2 2 7 .3 3 7 .5 9 7 .3 5 8 .0 4 - 8 .1 6 8 .1 6 7 .8 4 8 .2 4 11 9 18 - 7 .2 0 7 .0 2 - 159 7 .1 3 7 . 18 6 .9 8 - 7 .2 9 58 6 .9 6 6 .3 4 6 .3 4 - 7 .2 9 101 7 .2 3 - LABOR JANIT OR S........................................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 01 OR 0 2 ................................ NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. LABORERS........................................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 01 OR 0 2 ................................. JOB CLASS 0 3 .................................................. JOB CLASS 0 4 .................................................. JOB CLASS 0 5 ................................................. JOB CLASS 0 7 .................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. TRANSPORTATION AND YARD LOCOMOTIVE CRANEMEN............................................ UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY S T EM .. JOB CLASS 0 8 .................................................. JOB CLASS 0 9 ............... .................................. JOB CLASS 1 0 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 1 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 2 .................................................. NOT UNDaR COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. LCCOMCTIVE ENGINEERS (GE NERAL)............. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 1 0 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 1 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 3 .................................................. - _ - POWER AND FUEL FIRST POWER ENGINEERS...................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SY S T EM .. JOB CLASS 1 3 ................................................. JOB CLASS 1 4 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 5 ...................................... JOB CLASS 1 6 .................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. METALLURGICAL AND CHEMICAL TEST PREPARERS.......................................................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 0 5 .................................................. JOB CLASS 0 7 .................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. S ee fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le . 7 .0 6 - Table Z Occupational hourly earnings by method of wage paym ent— Continued (N u m b e r an d a v e r a g e s tr a i g h t- ti m e e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in b a s ic ir o n a n d s te e l e s ta b lis h m e n ts , 2 F e b r u a r y 1978) All w o rk e rs D e p a r t m e n t , o c c u p a ti o n , ty p e o f p a y s y s t e m , a n d jo b c l a s s 3 N umber of w ork ers Incentive w o r k e r s H ourly e a rn i n g s 1 Mean M edian M id d le r a n g e N umber of w ork ers Tim e w orkers N um b e r of wo rk M id d le r a n g e ers H ourly e a rn i n g s 1 Mean M edian H ourly earn i n g s 134 ( m e an ) ALL DEPARTMENTS5 POWER AND FUEL--CONTINUED METALLURGICAL ANALYSTS............... ...................... UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 1 0 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 1 .................................................. NOT UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY SYSTEM............................................................. HYDRASTATIC TESTERS.................. .. UNDER COMMON JOB AND PAY S Y S T E M .. JOB CLASS 0 8 .................................................. JOB CLASS 0 9 .................................................. JOB CLASS 1 0 .................................................. 361 214 25 65 $ 8 .1 6 8 .1 6 8 .0 7 8 .3 6 $ 8 . 14 8 . 09 8 . 14 8 .1 9 $ 7.7 17 .7 5 7 .8 5 8 .0 2 - $ 8 .5 7 8 .4 5 8 . 14 8 .5 1 147 1 55 123 41 43 31 8 .1 7 8 . 19 8 . 39 8 .3 9 8 .7 0 7 . 94 8 .3 8 8 .3 0 8 .3 0 8 .7 0 8 .3 0 7 .6 9 7 .6 2 7 .5 4 7 .8 4 8 .4 0 8 .3 0 7 .5 9 - 8 .5 7 8 .7 0 8 .7 4 8 .7 4 9 .2 6 7 .9 9 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Medians and middle ranges are omitted for jobs with less than 15 workers. 3 Includes both establishments under common job and pay systems, that is, with the same minimum hourly rate ($6,705 an hour), and the same increment (11.1 cents) between job classes, and other steelmaking establishments. 3Job class data are provided only for establishments having a common job and pay system, the same minimum hourly rate, and the same wage increment between job classes. Publication is limited to job classes reported by 3 or more such establishments and meeting other publication criteria. Estimates for all establishments and for the overall occupational classification in establishments having a common job evaluation system include data for all job classes. 4 Occupations are limited to workers in the departments indicated. 2 91 187 25 63 - 1 23 12 3 41 43 31 $ 8.28 8 .2 2 8 .0 7 8 .3 9 8 .3 9 8 .3 9 8 .3 9 8 .7 0 7 . 94 $ 8.38 8 . 13 8 . 14 8 . 19 - 8 .3 0 8 .3 0 8 .7 0 8 .3 0 7 .6 9 $ 7.9 27 .8 8 7 .8 5 8 .0 2 - 7 .8 4 7 .8 4 8 .4 0 8 .3 0 7 .5 9 - - $ 7 .6 8 - - - $ 8.5 7 8 .5 7 8 .1 4 8 . 51 70 - 43 8 . 74 8 .7 4 8 .7 4 9 .2 6 7 .9 9 - - - 7 .6 8 - - - - - ' * s Occupations relate to workers in all departments of the establishment. 6 Data were reported separately for workers receiving top rate for the job and for those receiving lower rates. Those establishments w ith common job and pay systems have a range of rates for repair and maintenance craftsmen which includes a beginning rate (4 job classes below the top or standard rate), an intermediate rate (2 job classes below), and the top or standard rate. Workers receiving the beginning or intermediate rate (al though qualified journeymen) were classified as receiving a rate lower than the top rate. Workers receiving top rates and those receiving lower rates may not add to totals because some workers could not be so identified. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. Appendix A. Com m on Job and Pay System Schedule Hourly wage schedule of production and related workers In basic iron and steel mills with the common job and pay system, specified dates September 1972 Job class 1 and 2 ............... 3 ...................... 4 ...................... 5 ...................... 6 ...................... 7 ...................... 8 ...................... 9 ...................... 10 ..................... 11 ..................... 12 ..................... 13 ..................... 14 ..................... 15 ..................... 16 ..................... 17 ..................... 18 ..................... 19 ..................... 20 ..................... 21 ..................... 22 ..................... 23 ..................... 24 ..................... 25 ..................... 26 ..................... 27 ..................... 28 ..................... 29 ..................... 30 ..................... 31 ..................... 32 ..................... 33 ..................... 341 .................... Basic wage scale February 1978 Incentive Calculation rate $3,520 3.614 3.708 3.802 3.896 3.990 4.084 4.178 4.272 4.366 4.460 4.554 4.648 4.742 4.836 4.930 5.024 5.118 5.212 5.306 5.400 5.494 5.588 5.682 5.776 5.870 5.964 6.058 6.152 6.246 6.340 6.434 $2,600 2.670 2.740 2.810 2.880 2.950 3.020 3.090 3.160 3.230 3.300 3.370 3.440 3.510 3.580 3.650 3.720 3.790 3.860 3.930 4.000 4.070 4.140 4.210 4.280 4.350 4.420 4.490 4.560 4.630 4.700 4.770 Hourly additive $0,920 .944 .968 .992 1.016 1.040 1.064 1.088 1.112 1.136 1.160 1.184 1.208 1.232 1.256 1.280 1.304 1.328 1.352 1.376 1.400 1.424 1.448 1.472 1.496 1.520 1.544 1.568 1.592 1.616 1.640 1.664 Incentive Basic wage scale $6,705 6.816 6.927 7.038 7.149 7.260 7.371 7.482 7.593 7.704 7.815 7.926 8.037 8.148 8.259 8.370 8.481 8.592 8.703 8.814 8.925 9.036 9.147 9.258 9.369 9.480 9.591 9.702 9.813 9.924 10.035 10.146 10.257 1 Job class 34 was added in 1977. November 1979 Calculation rate Hourly additive $3,700 3.783 3.866 3.949 4.032 4.115 4.198 4.281 4.364 4.447 4.530 4.613 4.696 4.779 4.862 4.945 5.028 5.111 5.194 5.277 5.360 5.443 5.526 5.609 5.692 5.775 5.858 5.941 6.024 6.107 6.190 6.273 6.356 $3,005 3.033 3.061 3.089 3.117 3.145 3.173 3.201 3.229 3.257 3.285 3.313 3.341 3.369 3.397 3.425 3.453 3.481 3.509 3.537 3.565 3.593 3.621 3.649 3.677 3.705 3.733 3.761 3.789 3.817 3.845 3.873 3.901 Incentive Basic wage scale $8,265 8.382 8.499 8.616 8.733 8.850 8.967 9.084 9.201 9.318 9.435 9.552 9.669 9.786 9.903 10.020 10.137 10.254 10.371 10.488 10.605 10.722 10.839 10.956 11.073 11.190 11.307 11.424 11.541 11.658 11.775 11.892 12.009 Calculation rate $4,000 4.089 4.178 4.267 4.356 4.445 4.534 4.623 4.712 4.801 4.890 4.979 5.068 5.157 5.246 5.335 5.424 5.513 5.602 5.691 5.780 5.869 5.958 6.047 6.136 6.225 6.314 6.403 6.492 6.581 6.670 6.759 6.848 Hourly additive $4,265 4.293 4.321 4.349 4.377 4.405 4.433 4.461 4.489 4.517 4.545 4.573 4.601 4.629 4.657 4.685 4.713 4.741 4.769 4.797 4.825 4.853 4.881 4.909 4.937 4.965 4.993 5.021 5.049 5.077 5.105 5.133 5.161 NOTE: Cost-of-living allowances are included in basic wage scales and hourly additives. 22 Appendix B. Scope and M ethod o f Survey Method of study Establishment definition Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s field representatives to a sample of establishments within the scope of the survey. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments were studied. All estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry, excluding only those below the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data. An establishment is defined for this study as a single physical location where manufacturing operations are performed. An establishment is not necessarily identical with a company, which may consist of one establish ment or more. Employment Estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the industry’s labor force, rather than as precise measures of employment. Scope of survey Production workers The survey included establishments classified in the following industries as defined in the 1972 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual(SlC)f pre pared by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget: (1) Blast furnaces (excluding merchant coke ovens), steelworks, and rolling mills—part of SIC 3312; (2) steel wire drawing and steel nails and spikes—SIC 3315; (3) cold rolled steel sheet, strip, and bars—SIC 3316; and (4) steel pipe and tubes—SIC 3317. Excluded from the survey were: Merchant coke ovens (part of SIC 3312), electrometallurgical products (SIC 3313), establishments producing solely for use by a parent company not classified in the steel industry, and separate auxiliary units such as central offices. Establishments studied were selected from those employing 250 workers or more at the time of refer ence of the data used in compiling the universe lists. The tabulation below shows the number of establish ments and workers estimated to be within the scope of the survey, as well as the number actually studied by the Bureau. The terms “production workers’’ and “production and related workers,” used interchangeably in this bulletin, include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers engaged in nonoffice activities. Wor kers engaged in recordkeeping closely associated with production operations, e.g., plant clerks in production departments, were included. Administrative, executive, professional, and technical personnel, and forceaccount construction employees, who are used as a separate work force on the firm’s own properties, are excluded. Occupational classification Establishments within scope of study................... 179 68 Establishment actually studied ............................ Estimated number of workers within scope of the survey1 .................................................. 452,783 Production workers ...................................... 345,163 Occupational classification was based on the stan dard job titles and codes use by companies with the common job and pay system, as well as on uniform job descriptions. (See appendix C for these descriptions.) The criteria for selection of the occupations were: The number of workers in the occupation; the usefulness of the data in collective bargaining; and appropriate representation of the entire job scale in the industry. Working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers were not reported in the data for selected occupations but were included in the data for all production workers. Total number of workers actually studied1 .............. 278,886 Wage data 1Includes executive, professional, office, and other workers excluded from the production worker categories. Information on wages relates to straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for 23 work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive payments, such as those resulting from piecework or production bonus systems, and cost-of-living bonuses were included as part of the workers’ regular pay. Workers were considered on incentive if during the payroll period scheduled, any part of their work was paid on this basis. Nonproduction bonus payments, such as Christmas or yearend bonuses, were excluded. Average (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each occupation or category of workers, such as production workers, were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of individuals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing straight-time salary by normal (or standard) hours to which the salary corre sponds. The median designates position; that is, one-half of the employees covered by the survey received more than this rate and one-half received less. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay such that onefourth of the employees earned less than the lower of these rates and one-fourth earned more than the higher rate. Health, insuance, and retirement plans. Data are presen ted for health, insurance, and retirement plans for which the employer pays all or a part of the cost, ex cluding programs required by law such as workers’ com pensation and social security. Among plans included are those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those paid directly by the employer from his current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this pur pose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insur ance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes at least a part of the cost. However, in New York and New Jersey, where temporary disability insurance laws require employer contributions,1 plans are included only if the employer ( 1) contributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employees with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker’s pay during absence from work because of illness; informal arrangements have been omitted. Sepa rate tabulations are provided for ( 1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors’ fees. Such plans may be underwritten by a commercial insurance company or a nonprofit organization, or they may be a form of self-insurance. Major medical insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical or catastrophe insurance, includes plans designed to cover employees for sickness or injury involving an expense which exceeds the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to plans which provide regular payments for the remain der of the retiree’s life. Establishments providing both retirement severance payments and retirement pensions to employees were considered as having both retire ment pensions and retirement severance plans; howev er, establishments having optional plans providing employees a choice of either retirement severance payments or pensions were considered as having only retirement pension benefits. Scheduled weekly hours Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work schedule for full-time production workers employed on the day shift. Shift practices Shift practices relate to workers employed on late shifts at the time of the survey. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Supplementary benefits in an establishment were considered applicable to all production workers if they applied to half or more of such workers in the establishment. Similarly, if fewer than half of the workers were covered, the benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of length-ofservice and other eligibility requirements, the propor tion of workers receiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated. Paid holidays. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day and half-day holidays provided annually. Annual paid vacations. The summary of vacation plans is limited to formal arrangements and exclude informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer or supervisor. Payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 week’s pay. Technological severance pay. Data relate to formal plans providing for payments to employees permanently 1 T h e tem p orary d isa b ility la w s in C aliforn ia and R h o d e Islan d d o n o t require e m p lo y e r con trib u tio n s. 24 separated from the company because of a technological change or plant closing. supplementing benefits paid under State unemployment systems. Vacation bonnes. Data relate to formal provisions that provide employees vacation bonues in addition to regular vacation pay. Earnings protection plans. Data relate to formal provi sions that provide pay designated to protect the level of earnings assigned to lower paying jobs due to tecnological changes. Supplemental unemloyment benefits. Supplemental un employment benefit data relate to formal provisions for 25 A ppendix C. O ccupational D escriptions ces; learners; beginners; trainees; handicapped; parttime, temporary, and probationary workers. The sources for the following descriptions of occupa tions selected for separate study were those used in establishments that use the common job evaluation system. The descriptions also were used in other establishments. The alphabetical and numerical code next to the job titles is the job code used by establishments that use the common job evaluation system; it is not relevant in other establishments. Jobs under “Selected Departments” were limited to the indicated departments and those under “All Departments” relate to occupations found throughout the plant. The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field representa tives in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of the emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occu pational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establish ments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field representatives are instructed to exclude working supervisors; apprenti PART I. Selected Departments or Works Coke works and byproducts First blowing engineer (KA-01320) Operates blowing engines and equipment supplying air to operating units. Door machine operator (AA-03050) Operates door machine to remove and replace coke oven doors. Keeper (AB-01940) Directs and performs work to prepare for casting and flushing a blast furnace. Heater (AA-01800) Operates coke oven batteries to produce coke from coal by directing and controlling heating. Keeper helper (AB-01945) Assists with the blast furnace operations by repairing and maintaining iron runners, gates, and spouts. Lidman (AA-02020) Removes and replaces coke oven lids, in the prepara tion of the ovens for pushing and charging. Larryman (AB-01970) Pusher-operator (AA-03750) Loads and operates larry car supplying material to blast furnaces. May operate skip hoists, scales, record data, etc. Operates pusher machine to push coke from ovens and to level coal charge. Wharf man (AA-06150) Ore-bridge craneman (AB-00890) Operates wharf gates to feed coke onto cars or belts. Quenches hot spots in coke. Operates ore-bridge crane that transports various materials to and from ore-yard area. Sintering-machine operator (AB-03910) Blast furnaces, o re handling, and sinter plant Operates various controls governing speed of sintering, regulating burners, etc. Stock unloader (AB-06030) Cinder snapper (AB-05430) Prepares and maintains cinder runner on blast furnace. Unloads materials or products from railroad cars, 26 trucks, barges, or boats. May use auxiliary equipment, such as vibrators, spuds, conveyors, pumps, etc. Furnaceman, first (AJ-01630) Signals oxygen furnace operator in positioning furnace for charging, slag-off, tapping, and securing tests. Ladle craneman (AJ-00940) Open Hearth Furnaces Charging-machine operator (AD-02890) Operates an overhead traveling ladle crane in trans porting molten metal for teeming ingots. Operates mobile charging machine to place scrap and other materials into open hearth. Ladle liner (AJ-02040) Lines and relines ladles used in basic oxygen furnaces. First helper (AD-01830) Operates open hearth furnace to produce carbon and alloy steel. Nozzle setter (AJ-05200) Ladle craneman (AD-00940) Steel pourer, first (AJ-04550) Changes and sets nozzles on ladles. Pours or directs the pouring of steel into ingot moulds. Operates an overhead traveling ladle crane in trans porting molten metal for teeming ingots. Stopper maker (AJ-02420) Prepares and assembles refractory brick and stopper heads on stopper rods. Stocker, raw materials (AD-04560) Unloads and stocks raw materials; fills and trims charging boxes with raw materials, scrap, etc. Utilities attendant (AJ-06650) Directs and operates Q-BOP gas cleaning, water pumping, and cooling facilities. Second helper (AD-05600) Assists first helper in the operation of an open hearth furnace. Second steel pourer (AD-04560) Foundry Assists first steel pourer as directed. Coremaker (HA-02210) Stockyard craneman (AD-00900) Makes any type of sand cores to be used in dry or green sand foundry moulds. Operates overhead traveling stockyard crane to loads, unload and transport charging stock aad other materials in the stockyard. Moulder (HA-02550) Makes green or dry sand moulds, sets cores, and closes moulds for any type of foundry castings. Pours and directs pouring of moulds. Electric furnaces First helper (AE-01830) Operates electric arc furnace to produce steel. Bloom, slab, and billet mills Mouldman (AE-02580) Automatic rolling attendant (AG-06530) Prepares moulds and stools to receive molten metal. Performs attendant functions to the rolling of steel on a mill by feeding prepunched schedule cards into reader, setting controls for automatic operation, starting readers, and operating controls to move ingots through rolling schedule. Stopper maker (AE-02420) Prepares and assembles stopper rods. Basic oxygen furnaces Blooming mill roller (AG-04960) Rolls or directs the rolling and processing of ingots into slabs and blooms; dismantles, adjusts, and maintains mill and processing equipment. Gas cleaner (AJ-00730) Tends air pollution control equipment by observing instruments, taking water samples, and starting and stopping various equipment. Bottom maker (AG-02150) Uses refractory materials, coke breeze, etc., to make and repair bottoms on soaking pits and/or heating or reheating furnaces. Furnace operator (AJ-03500) Operates oxygen furnace to produce steel. 27 ing) and by the considerable judgment necessary for the job in contrast to the single function of the ladle and metal transfer controlmen. (See above.) Hooker (AH-01860) Performs crane hooking, following, and unhooking. Manipulator (AG-02480) Operates controls in manipulating ingots into position for entry into various phases of blooming mill. Strand caster (AK-06610) Sets up and operates a single strand on a multistrand billet casting machine to cast molten steel into desired shape. Pit recorder (AG-04750) Maintains records of all steel charged into and drawn from soaking pits. Plates Scarfer (AH-05080) Burning-machine operator (CC-02830) Burns out defects on billets, slabs, and blooms with hand scarfing torch. Checks and marks surface defects. Sets up and operates burning machine to flame cut plates to specified sizes. Soaking-pit craneman (AG-00990) Plate layerout (CC-01980) Operates overhead crane in charging and drawing ingots at soaking pits. Lays out and marks material for further processing according to prints or specifications. Soaking-pit heater (AG-01800) Heats ingots to specified temperatures by controlling a furnace in a soaking pit. Bar mills Assistant bar-mill roller (EA-04970) Assists roller in the direction and rolling of steel and the dismantling, adjustment, and maintenance of mill and processing equipment. Continuous casting mills Continuous billet caster (AK.-00500) Bar catcher (EA-00520) Directs and works with casting crew in the set-up operation of a multistrand billet casting machine. Uses tongs to catch bar from one roll stand and loop and feed it into next stand. Continuous slab caster (AK-00500) Charger (EA-00570) Directs and works with casting crew in preparation of a single-strand slab caster and in casting of molten steel into slabs. Charges billets or blooms into heating furnaces. Rougher (EA-04990) Sets up, adjusts, and regulates the rolls and guides on a continuous roughing train in a bar mill. Ladle and metal transfer controlman (AK-06620) Controls the flow of molten metal from ladle to tundish (ladle controlman) or controls molten flow from tundish to continuous casting process (metal transfer controlman). (See steel pourer below.) Shearman (EA-05290) Sets up and operates shear to cut product to specifica tions. Run out operator (AK-06630) Continuous hot-strip mills Sets up and operates straightening rolls and cutoff unit to cut billets to specified lengths. Assorter (BH-00070) Manually or by use of mechanical equipment, inspects and classifies sheet and tin products, such as tin, terne., zinc galvanize, or black plate. Steel pourer (AK.-04550) Pours steel from ladle into molds. Work involves most of the following: Inspecting molds; signaling craneman to move ladle over mold; starting pouring and filling each mold or maintaining flow of molten metal into tundish; directing crew in making mold additions; taking tests; and covering molds after pouring; and inspecting machinery after each heat. Steel powers are distinguished from ladle and metal transfer controlmen by the range of duties of steel powers (setting stoppers, pouring steel, directing crew, inspect Coil bander (BA-00190) Wire-ties or bands coils from discharge end of coiling machine on continuous hot-strip mill. Coiler (BA-00780) Operates controls to coil hot strip and operates piling mechanism in piling flats. 28 Manually or mechanically feeds material into a processing unit. water, and steam; using testing meters; operating controls to start and stop pickier; and inspecting and recording products. Heater (BA-01800) Coil feeder (BF-01450) Operates slab-heating furnaces to supply heated slabs to mills. Charges coils and operates the uncoiler processor unit during the shearing operation on flying shears. Rougher (BA-04990) Continuous annealing line operator (BE-03310) Directs and assists in setting up and operating a roughing roll train in breaking down slabs prior to delivery to finishing roll train. Operates a continuous annealing line in annealing alloy or carbon steel strip. Coil feeder (BC-01450) Loader, batch pickier (BC-02050) Loads and unloads sheets and plates for batch pickling by pushing lift or buggy to or from loading racks, picking up sheets and plates, inserting separator pins, and hooking and unhooking loaded racks. Strip finisher (BA-01520) Sets up, adjusts, and/or operates finishing roll stand or stands in rolling processes. Strip-mill craneman (BA-00970) Operates electric overhead traveling crane to provide service for mill crews, maintenance crews, finishing department, and service shops in such work as changing of rolls, removal of cobbles, and handling of machines, equipment parts, and construction material in mainte nance, installation, and repair. This excludes cranes on which product handling is the predominant work. Tandem-mill roller (BD-04960) Rolls or directs the rolling and processing of steel to specification; dismantles, adjusts, and maintains mill and processing equipment. Flying shearman (BF-05290) Sets up and operates a flying shear in slitting and end shearing coiled strip steel to sheets. Strip inspector (BF-01910) Checks thickness, width, length, camber, flatness, surface defects, edge defects, etc., on all material uncoiled and recoiled on the coil house units and makes disposition of material. Tandem mill feeder (BD-01450) Prepares and feeds raw coils into first stand of a cold reducing mill. Tractor operator (BD-04170) Operates a 3- or 4-wheel tractor equipped with fork, bucket, ram, blade, winch, underslung cradle, or other attachments to transport or tow trailers, tools, material, or equipment. Tandem mill roller (BD-04960) Rolls or directs the rolling and processing of steel to specification. Tube finishing Bar and narrow strip finishing mills Cut-off machine operator (FH-03010) Operates lathe or roll-type machine to cut off, chamfer, trim, bevel, or cut to length. Chipper (EB-00680) Manually or by use of chipping hammer removes defects from semifinished product. Straightener (FH-05610) Operates high-speed friction cold saw and related mechanical equipment to cut rounds, angles, T-bars, etc. Sets up and operates straightening machine and makes necessary machine adjustments to straighten pipe properly. Cold-strip and sheet mills Rod and wire mills Cold-saw operator (EB-02940) Bundler (GE-00410) Assistant tanderp mill roller (BD-04970) Bundles coiled wire for shipment. Assists roller in the direction and rolling of cold steel by maintaining proper speed, uniform gauge and shape at end of cold reducing mill. Coiler (rod mill) (EC-00780) Operates reeling equipment to coil product. Batch pickier (BC-04410) Nail-machine operator (GL-03580) Operates plunger-type pickling unit in pickling sheet and plate product by operating valves to control acid, Sets up, adjusts, and operates nail machines. 29 Wiredrawer (continuous machine) (GA-01150) Straighten-and-cut operator (GC-04030) Operates one or more continuous wiredrawing ma chines to draw wire. Operates machine to straighten and cut material. PART II. All Works or Departments Maintenance Instrument repairman (04840) Installs, repairs, calibrates, tests, and adjusts any type of integrating, indicating, or graphic electrical or mechnical instrument. Automobile repairman (004860) Makes all necessary repairs, adjustments, and installa tions to all trucks and other gasoline-powered equipment used throughout the plant. Lead burner (00430) Inspects, dismantles, installs, repairs, fabricates and tests any type of lead lining or parts for process equipment. Blacksmith (00250) Forges, hammer-welds, and heat treats iron and steel materials in the construction, maintenance, and repair of plant equipment. Machinists (02100) Sets up and operates all types of machine tools and performs all types of layout, fitting, and assembly work. Boilermaker (02140) Lays out, fabricates, assembles, erects, or makes repairs for all types of structural, boiler, and plate work. Millwright (02530) Lays brick and performs masonry work in plant maintenance and construction. Inspects, repairs, replaces, installs, adjusts, and maintains all mechanical equipment in major producing departments or in an assigned area. Carpenter (00470) Millwright helper (02535) Performs any type of carpentry work in the mainte nance and construction of mill and office buildings and equipment. Assists millwright in inspecting, repairing, replacing, installing, adjusting, and maintaining all mechanical equipment in major producing departments or in an assigned area. Bricklayer (00360) Electrician (armature winder) (01280) Tests, dismantles, repairs, rewinds, and assembles armatures, stators, rotors, commutators, and field coils for any size, type, and style of electric motors and generators in shop or field. Inspects, tests, adjusts, dismantles, and replaces unit assemblies or parts, makes complete repairs to gasoline, electric, and diesel-powered equipment. Electrician (lineman) (01290) Motor inspector (01900) Mobile equipment mechanic (06660) Installs, repairs, and maintains all power transmission lines, transformers, and related equipment in plant maintenance and construction. Works from power towers and power distribution centers. Inspects, repairs, replaces, installs, adjusts, and maintains electrical motors and related controls within the plant or in designated areas. Painter (04330) Electrician (shop) (01300) Performs interior and exterior hand and spray painting for the maintenance and construction of mill and office buildings and equipment. Inspectes, tests, dismantles, and makes mechanical and electrical repairs to all types of electrical equipment within the plant. Patternmaker (02310) Electrician (wireman) (01310) Lays out, constructs, and repairs any type of wood pattern and core box used in foundry. Works on high tension lines which are 440 volts or more. May also inspect, repair, install, and wire electrical apparatus, devices, and circuits of other voltages. Pipefitter (01570) Lays out, installs, maintains, and repairs all types of pipelines, fittings, and fixtures in plant maintenance and construction. Electronic repairman (06600) Installs, repairs, constructs, adjusts, modifies, and services all types of electronic equipment. 30 Transportation and yard Pipefitter helper (01575) Assists pipefitter in the installation, maintenance, and repair of all types of pipelines, fittings, and fixtures in plant maintenance and construction. Locomotive craneman (00930) Operates any type of mobile crane to handle or transport tools, material, or equipment. Rigger (04930) Dismantles, erects, and moves all types of heavy equipment and structures in plant maintenance and construction. Locomotive engineer (general) (01350) Operates a standard gauge diesel electric locomotive in general plant switching to move freight cars on sidings in the plant and on various tracks in the plant area. Roll turner (06010) Operates roll lathe for turning all types of new and used iron, steel, and alloy rolls to finished size, contour, and surface for rolling any shape or flat section. Power and fuel Sheet-metal worker (05310) First power engineer (01380) Performs any tin or sheet-metal work in plant maintenance and construction. Operates, inspects, and adjusts gas engine, steam, or turbogenerators, and auxiliary equipment in powerplant. Toolmaker (02460) Makes and repairs tools, jigs, fixtures, gauges, templates, dies, machine parts, and instrument parts. Metallurgical and chemical Test preparer (90095) Welder (06120) Prepares samples for spectrographic analysis. Performs all kinds of welding, brazing, and cutting on any type of metal. Metallurgical analyst (90059) Collects and analyzes data pertaining to performance of experimental and special heats and prepares special reports. General labor Janitor (01930) Cleans offices, washhouses, sanitary stations, etc. Hydrostatic tester (90073) Sets up and operates pump to test strength of pipe wall and coupling joint for leakage under hydrostatic pressure. Laborer (01950) Performs general laborer work in or about the plant. 31 Industry Wage Studies The most recent reports providing occupational wage data for industries included in Bureau’s program of industry wage surveys since 1960 are listed below. Copies are for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or from any of its regional sales offices, and from the regional offices of the Bureau of Labor Statistics shown on the inside back cover. Copies that are out of stock are available for reference purposes at leading public, college, or university libraries, or at the Bureau’s Washington or regional offices. Semiconductors, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2021 Shipbuilding and Repairing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1968 Southern Sawmills and Planning Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin 16941 Structural Clay Products, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1942 Synthetic Fibers, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1975 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1967 Textiles, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1945 Wages and Demographic Characteristics in Work Clothing Manufacturing, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1858 West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1704* Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1728* Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2007 Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1930 Manufacturing Basic Iron and Steel, 1978-79. BLS Bulletin 2064 Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1939 Cigar Manufacturing, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1976 Cigarette Manufacturing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1944 Corrugated and Solid Fiber Boxes, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1921 Fabricated Structural Steel, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1935 Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1763 Fluid Milk Industry, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1871 Footwear, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1946 Hosiery, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1987 Industrial Chemicals, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1978 Iron and Steel Foundries, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1894 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1835. Machinery Manufacturing, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2022 Meat Products, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1896 Men’s Shirts and Separate Trousers, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2035 Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1962 Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1914 Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1973-74. BLS Bulletin 1912 Nonferrous Foundries, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1952 Paints and Varnishes, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1973 Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1719* Petroleum Refining, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1948 Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1923 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2008 Nonmanufacturing Appliance Repair Shops, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1936 Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2060 Banking and Life Insurance, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1988 Bituminous Coal Mining, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1999 Communications, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2029 Computer and Data Processing Services, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2028 Contract Cleaning Services, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2009 Contract Construction, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1911 Department Stores, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2006 Educational Institutions: Nonteaching Employees, 1968-69. BLS Bulletin 167U Electric and Gas Utilities, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2040 Hospitals, 1975-76. BLS Bulletin 1949 Hotels and Motels, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2055 Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 16451 Metal Mining, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2017 Motion Picture Theatres, 1966. BLS Bulletin 15421 Nursing Homes and Related Facilities, 1976. BLS Bulletin 19741 Oil and Gas Extraction, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2014 Scheduled Airlines, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1951 Wages and Tips in Restaurants and Hotels, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1712* 1Bulletin out of stock. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1980 32 311- 416/3993 Employment Projections for the Subjects include: The labor force—expected changes in size and composition as a result of the continuing impact of the post-World War II baby boom, the increased participation of women, and the drop in the birth rate during the 1960's. Gross national product and income—projected trends andi major underlying assumptions on fiscal policy, productivity, and other factors affecting aggregate demand.^ Industry output and employment—gross product originating^ in major sectors; employment in 149 industries i Distribution of demand—changing patterns in the] major sectors of consumption, business investment, government expenditures, and foreign Order Form Mail to BLS Regional Office nearest you (see listing elsewhere), or the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Four articles from the Monthly Labor Review and additional tables project the United States economy to 1990growth, employment, output, income, and demand over the next decade. Please send copies of Employment Projections for the 1980’s, BLS Bulletin 2030 (Stock No. 029-001-02312-0) at $4 a copy (25 percent discount for orders of 100 copies or more sent to one address) □ $ Remittance enclosed. (Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents.) □ Charge $ to my Deposit Account No. Name—First, Last 11 m m 11111111111 m 1111111111 111111111 m 111 j Street address 111111 m m 111111 Company name or additional address line I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II City State I I I I l I J Zip Code I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l .l I I I I I J (or County) 111111111 Please print or type m 111111111111111111 j Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices AMERICAN Region I 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: (617) 223-6761 Region IV 1371 Peachtree Street, N.E. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 Phone: (404) 881-4418 Region V Region II Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10036 Phone: (212) 944-3121 Region III 3535 Market Street P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: (215) 596-1154 9th Floor Federal Office Building 230 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, III. 60604 Phone: (312) 353-1880 Region VI Second Floor 555 Griffin Square Building Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone: (214) 767-6971 Regions VII and VIII 911 Walnut Street Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: (816) 374-2481 Regions IX and X 450 Golden Gate Avenue Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone: (415) 556-4678
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