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Contents of the Historical Tables Page Introduction: Structure, Coverage, and Concepts ................................................................................................... Historical Trends ............................................................................................................................... Section Notes ...................................................................................................................................... Section 1—Overview of Federal Government Finances .......................................................................... Table 1.1—Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–): 1789–2024 ................. Table 1.2—Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) as Percentages of GDP: 1930–2024 ...................................................................................................................................... Table 1.3—Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) in Current Dollars, Constant (FY 2012) Dollars, and as Percentages of GDP: 1940–2024 ....................................... Table 1.4—Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) by Fund Group: 1934–2024 ............. 1 5 12 24 24 26 28 30 Section 2—Composition of Federal Government Receipts ...................................................................... Table 2.1—Receipts by Source: 1934–2024....................................................................................... Table 2.2—Percentage Composition of Receipts by Source: 1934–2024 ......................................... Table 2.3—Receipts by Source as Percentages of GDP: 1934–2024 ................................................ Table 2.4—Composition of Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts and of Excise Taxes: 1940–2024 .......................................................................................................................... Table 2.5—Composition of ‘‘Other Receipts’’: 1940–2024 ................................................................ 38 48 Section 3—Federal Government Outlays by Function............................................................................ Table 3.1—Outlays by Superfunction and Function: 1940–2024 .................................................... Table 3.2—Outlays by Function and Subfunction: 1962–2024 ....................................................... 50 50 60 Section 4—Federal Government Outlays by Agency .............................................................................. Table 4.1—Outlays by Agency: 1962–2024 ....................................................................................... Table 4.2—Percentage Distribution of Outlays by Agency: 1962–2024 .......................................... 74 74 81 Section 5—Budget Authority by Agency and by Subfunction ................................................................ Table 5.1—Budget Authority by Function and Subfunction: 1976–2024 ....................................... Table 5.2—Budget Authority by Agency: 1976–2024....................................................................... Table 5.3—Percentage Distribution of Budget Authority by Agency: 1976–2024 .......................... Table 5.4—Discretionary Budget Authority by Agency: 1976–2024 ............................................... Table 5.5—Percentage Distribution of Discretionary Budget Authority by Agency: 1976–2024 .. Table 5.6—Budget Authority for Discretionary Programs: 1976–2024 .......................................... 88 88 98 103 108 113 118 Section 6—Composition of Federal Government Outlays ....................................................................... Table 6.1—Composition of Outlays: 1940–2024 ............................................................................... 122 122 Section 7—Federal Debt ........................................................................................................................... Table 7.1—Federal Debt at the End of Year: 1940–2024 ................................................................ Table 7.2—Debt Subject to Statutory Limit: 1940–2024 ................................................................. Table 7.3—Statutory Limits on Federal Debt: 1940–Current ......................................................... 131 131 133 134 i 32 32 34 36 Section 8—Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category and Budget Authority for Discretionary Programs.................................................................................................................................................... Table 8.1—Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category: 1962–2024 .......................................... Table 8.2—Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category in Constant (FY 2012) Dollars: 1962–2024 ........................................................................................................................ Table 8.3—Percentage Distribution of Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category: 1962–2024 ...................................................................................................................................... Table 8.4—Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category as Percentages of GDP: 1962–2024 ... Table 8.5—Outlays for Mandatory and Related Programs: 1962–2024 ........................................ Table 8.6—Outlays for Mandatory and Related Programs in Constant (FY 2012) Dollars: 1962–2024 ...................................................................................................................................... Table 8.7—Outlays for Discretionary Programs: 1962–2024 .......................................................... Table 8.8—Outlays for Discretionary Programs in Constant (FY 2012) Dollars: 1962–2024 ....... 136 136 138 140 142 144 151 158 165 Section 9—Federal Government Outlays for Major Public Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Education and Training ........................................................................................ Table 9.1—Total Investment Outlays for Major Public Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Education and Training: 1962–2020 ............................................................. Table 9.2—Major Public Physical Capital Investment Outlays in Current and Constant (FY 2012) Dollars: 1940–2020....................................................................................................... Table 9.3—Major Public Physical Capital Investment Outlays in Percentage Terms: 1940–2020 ...................................................................................................................................... Table 9.4—National Defense Outlays for Major Public Direct Physical Capital Investment: 1940–2020 ...................................................................................................................................... Table 9.5—Nondefense Outlays for Major Public Direct Physical Capital Investment: 1940–2020 ...................................................................................................................................... Table 9.6—Composition of Outlays for Grants for Major Public Physical Capital Investment: 1941–2020 ...................................................................................................................................... Table 9.7—Summary of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949–2020 (in Current Dollars, in Constant (FY 2012) Dollars, as Percentages of Total Outlays, and as Percentages of GDP) .......................................................................................................... Table 9.8—Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949–2020 .. Table 9.9—Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Education and Training: 1962–2020 ....... 190 192 200 Section 10—Gross Domestic Product and Implicit Outlay Deflators ..................................................... Table 10.1—Gross Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the Historical Tables: 1940–2024... 206 206 Section 11—Federal Government Payments for Individuals ................................................................. Table 11.1—Summary Comparison of Outlays for Payments for Individuals: 1940–2024 (in Current Dollars, as Percentages of Total Outlays, as Percentages of GDP, and in Constant (FY 2012) Dollars) ........................................................................................................................ Table 11.2—Functional Composition of Outlays for Payments for Individuals: 1940–2024 ......... Table 11.3—Outlays for Payments for Individuals by Category and Major Program: 1940–2024 ...................................................................................................................................... 208 172 172 173 175 177 179 181 208 210 220 Section 12—Federal Grants to State and Local Governments ............................................................... 237 Table 12.1—Summary Comparison of Total Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments: 1940–2024 (in Current Dollars, in Constant (FY 2012) Dollars, as Percentages of Federal Outlays, and as Percentages of GDP)........................................................................................... 237 ii Table 12.2—Total Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments by Function and Fund Group: 1940–2024.......................................................................................................................... Table 12.3—Total Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments by Function, Agency, and Program: 1940–2020 .............................................................................................................. Section 13—Social Security and Medicare............................................................................................... Table 13.1—Cash Income, Outgo, and Balances of the Social Security and Medicare Trust Funds: 1936–2024 ......................................................................................................................... Section 14—Total (Federal and State and Local) Government Finances .............................................. Table 14.1—Total Government Receipts in Absolute Amounts and as Percentages of GDP: 1948–2018 ...................................................................................................................................... Table 14.2—Total Government Expenditures: 1948–2018 .............................................................. Table 14.3—Total Government Expenditures as Percentages of GDP: 1948–2018 ....................... Table 14.4—Total Government Expenditures by Major Category of Expenditure: 1948–2018 .... Table 14.5—Total Government Expenditures by Major Category of Expenditure as Percentages of GDP: 1948–2018 ................................................................................................... Table 14.6—Total Government Surpluses or Deficits (–) in Absolute Amounts and as Percentages of GDP: 1948–2018 ................................................................................................... 239 249 312 312 330 330 332 334 336 338 340 Section 15—Federal Health Spending ..................................................................................................... Table 15.1—Outlays for Health Programs: 1962–2024 ................................................................... 342 342 Section 16—Executive Branch Civilian Full-Time Equivalent Employment ........................................ Table 16.1—Total Executive Branch Civilian Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Employees: 1981–2020 ...................................................................................................................................... Table 16.2—Total Executive Branch Civilian Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Employees: 1981–2020 as Percentage of Total ................................................................................................ 343 iii 343 344 INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORICAL TABLES STRUCTURE, COVERAGE, AND CONCEPTS The Historical Tables provide a wide range of data on Federal Government finances. Many of the data series begin in 1940 and include estimates of the President’s Budget for 2019–2024. Additionally, Table 1.1 provides data on receipts, outlays, and surpluses or deficits for 1901–1939 and for earlier multiyear periods. Structure The Historical Tables are organized into 16 sections, each of which has one or more tables. Each section covers a common theme. Section 1, for example, provides an overview of the budget and off-budget totals; Section 2 provides tables on receipts by source; and Section 3 shows outlays by function. When a section contains several tables, the general rule is to start with tables showing the broadest overview data and then work down to more detailed tables. The purpose of these tables is to present a broad range of historical budgetary data in one convenient reference source and to provide relevant comparisons likely to be most useful. The most common comparisons are in terms of proportions (e.g., each major receipt category as a percentage of total receipts and of the gross domestic product). Section notes explain the nature of the activities covered by the tables in each section. Additional descriptive information is also included where appropriate. Explanations are generally not repeated, but there are occasional cross-references to related materials. Because of the numerous changes in the way budget data have been presented over time, there are inevitable difficulties in trying to produce comparable data to cover many years. The general rule is to provide data in as meaningful and comparable a fashion as possible. To the extent feasible, the data are presented on a basis consistent with current budget concepts. When a structural change is made, insofar as possible the data are adjusted for all years. One significant change made in the early 1990s concerns the budgetary treatment of Federal credit programs, which was changed by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990. Previously the budget recorded transactions related to direct and guaranteed loans on a cash basis. Under credit reform, the budget records budget authority and outlays for the subsidy cost of direct and guaranteed loans made in 1992 and subsequent years. The subsidy is defined as the net estimated cash flows to and from the Government over the life of the loan, discounted to the present. The remaining cash transactions of credit programs are recorded as a “means of financing” the deficit. Because it is impossible to convert the pre-1992 loans to a credit reform basis, the data are on a cash basis for pre-1992 loans and on a credit reform basis for loans made in 1992 and subsequent years. In addition, as a result of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, the measurement of budget authority (BA) changed in most special and trust funds with legislatively imposed limitations or benefit formulas that constrain the use of BA. Where previously BA was the total income to the fund, BA in these funds for 1990 and subsequent years is now an 1 estimate of the obligations to be incurred during the fiscal year for benefit payments, administration, and other expenses of the fund. In some, but not all, cases it was possible to adjust BA figures for these funds for years prior to 1990 to conform to the current concepts. Coverage The Federal Government has used the unified or consolidated budget concept as the foundation for its budgetary analysis and presentation since the 1969 Budget. The basic guidelines for the unified budget were presented in the Report of the President’s Commission on Budget Concepts (October 1967). The Commission recommended the budget include all Federal fiscal activities unless there were exceptionally persuasive reasons for exclusion. Nevertheless, from the very beginning some programs were perceived as warranting special treatment. For example, the Export-Import Bank was excluded by law from the budget totals beginning in the 1973 Budget, and other exclusions followed. These exclusions resulted in two new budget terms, on-budget and off-budget, to distinguish between these excluded entities and the rest of the budget. Although there is a legal distinction between on-budget and offbudget entities, there is no conceptual difference between the two. The off-budget Federal entities engage in the same kinds of governmental activities as the on-budget entities, and the programs of off-budget entities result in the same kind of outlays and receipts as on-budget entities. Like on-budget entities, off-budget entities are owned and controlled by the Government. The “unified budget” reflects the conceptual similarity between on-budget and off-budget entities by showing combined totals of outlays and receipts for both types of entities. The Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Public Law 99– 177) repealed the off-budget status of all then existing off-budget entities, but it also included a provision moving the Federal old-age, survivors, and disability insurance funds (collectively known as Social Security) off-budget. To provide a consistent time series, the historical tables show Social Security off-budget for all years since its inception, and show all formerly off-budget entities on-budget for all years. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 (OBRA 1989) moved the Postal Service fund off-budget, starting in 1989. Again to provide a consistent time series, transactions of the Postal Service fund are shown off-budget beginning with its inception in 1972. The transactions of its predecessor, the Post Office Department, remain on-budget. Though Social Security and the Postal Service are now off-budget, they continue to be Federal programs. Indeed, Social Security currently accounts for about one-fourth of all Federal receipts and nearly one-fourth of all Federal spending. Hence, the budget documents include these funds and focus on the Federal totals that combine the on-budget and offbudget amounts. Various budget tables and charts show total Federal receipts, outlays, and surpluses and deficits, and divide these totals between the portions that are on-budget and off-budget. Changes in Historical Budget Authority, Outlays, Receipts, and Deficits Adjustments have been made to the historical budget authority and outlay totals to reflect corrections in agency reporting provided to the Department of the Treasury. 2 This year’s annual consultations with the Congress regarding reclassification of accounts or activities as to function or subfunction resulted in no reclassifications, so there are no changes in presentation to reflect updates to classifications. Note on the Fiscal Year The Federal fiscal year begins on October 1 and ends on the subsequent September 30. It is designated by the year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2018 began on October 1, 2017, and ended on September 30, 2018. Prior to fiscal year 1977 the Federal fiscal years began on July 1 and ended on June 30. In calendar year 1976 the JulySeptember period was a separate accounting period (known as the transition quarter or TQ) to bridge the period required to shift to the new fiscal year. Note on Revisions to Historical GDP The Bureau of Economic Analysis in the Department of Commerce completed its Comprehensive Benchmark Revisions of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) data in July 2018. Such revisions generally occur every 4 or 5 years as a result of more complete data sources becoming available and from changes in concepts and definitions. As a result of these changes, the figures for Gross Domestic Product (GDP) were revised back to calendar year 1948. These revisions, in turn, change the fiscal year GDP figures shown in this publication. In addition, the base year for calculating various deflators was updated from calendar year 2009 to calendar year 2012. In this publication the base year was correspondingly updated from FY 2009 to FY 2012 and the tables showing constant dollar amounts and the deflators shown in Table 10.1 have been correspondingly revised. Note on Proposed Reorganization of Certain Programs The Budget reflects a full reorganization of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) beginning in 2020. Some policy and workforce strategy functions will be elevated to the Executive Office of the President (EOP) and the conduct of background investigations will transfer to the Department of Defense (DOD). All remaining functions will transfer to the General Services Administration (GSA). Tables in this document show the BA and outlays for these functions in OPM through 2019 and in DOD, GSA, and the EOP beginning in 2020. Concepts Relevant to the Historical Tables Budget receipts constitute the income side of the budget; they are composed almost entirely of taxes or other compulsory payments to the Government. In contrast, offsetting collections and offsetting receipts result from either of two kinds of transactions: businesslike activities with the public (e.g., interest income or the sale of electric power) and the receipt by one Government account of a payment from another account. Offsetting collections and offsetting receipts are offset against outlays, so that total budget outlays are reported net of these transactions. This method of accounting permits users to easily identify the size and trends in Federal taxes and other compulsory income, and in Federal spending financed from taxes, other compulsory income, and borrowing. See Chapter 14, 3 “Governmental Receipts,” and Chapter 15, “Offsetting Collections and Offsetting Receipts,” of the Analytical Perspectives volume for more information. The budget surplus refers to any excess of budget receipts over budget outlays, while the budget deficit refers to any excess of budget outlays over budget receipts. The terms offbudget receipts, off-budget outlays, off-budget surpluses, and off-budget deficits refer to similar categories for off-budget activities. The sum of the on-budget and off-budget transactions is referred to as the consolidated, unified, or total Federal Government transactions. The budget is divided between two fund groups, Federal funds and trust funds. The Federal funds group includes all receipts and outlays not specified by law as being trust funds. All Federal funds are on-budget except for the Postal Service fund, which is shown as off-budget starting in 1972. All trust funds are on-budget, except the two Social Security retirement and disability trust funds, which are shown off-budget for all years. See Chapter 27, “Trust Funds and Federal Funds,” of the Analytical Perspectives volume for more information. Payments for individuals are Federal Government spending programs designed to transfer income (in cash or in kind) to individuals or families. To the extent feasible, this category does not include reimbursements for current services rendered to the Government (e.g., salaries and interest). See “Notes on Section 6” below for more information. Means-Tested Entitlements are entitlement programs that limit benefits or payments based on the beneficiary’s income and/or assets and payments from refundable tax credits that are phased out at certain income levels. See “Notes on Section 8” below for more information. 4 HISTORICAL TRENDS Because the Historical Tables publication provides a large volume and wide array of data on Federal Government finances, it is sometimes difficult to perceive the long- term patterns in various budget aggregates and components. To assist the reader in understanding some of these long-term patterns, this section provides a short summary of the trends in Federal deficits and surpluses, debt, receipts, outlays, and employment. Deficits and Debt.—As shown in Table 1.1, except for periods of war (when spending for defense increased sharply), depressions, or other economic downturns (when receipts fell precipitously), the Federal budget was generally in surplus throughout most of the Nation’s first 200 years. For our first 60 years as a Nation (through 1849), cumulative budget surpluses and deficits yielded a net surplus of $70 million. The Civil War, along with the Spanish-American War and the depression of the 1890s, resulted in a cumulative deficit totaling just under $1 billion during the 1850–1900 period. Between 1901 and 1916, the budget hovered very close to balance every year. World War I brought large deficits that totaled $23 billion over the 1917–1919 period. The budget was then in surplus throughout the 1920s. However, the combination of the Great Depression followed by World War II resulted in a long, unbroken string of deficits that were historically unprecedented in magnitude. As a result, Federal debt held by the public mushroomed from less than $3 billion in 1917 to $16 billion in 1930 and then to $242 billion by 1946. In relation to the size of the economy, debt held by the public grew from 16 percent of GDP in 1930 to 106 percent in 1946. During much of the postwar period, this same pattern persisted—large deficits were incurred only in time of war (e.g., Korea and Vietnam) or as a result of recessions. As shown in Table 1.2, prior to the 1980s, postwar deficits as a percent of GDP reached their highest during the 1975–76 recession at 4.1 percent in 1976. Debt held by the public had grown to $477 billion by 1976, but, because the economy had grown faster, debt as a percent of GDP had declined throughout the postwar period to a low of 23.2 percent in 1974. Following five years of deficits averaging only 2.4 percent of GDP between 1977 and 1981, debt held by the public stood at 25.2 percent of GDP by 1981—two percentage points higher than its postwar low. The traditional pattern of running large deficits only in times of war or economic downturns was broken during much of the 1980s. In 1982, large permanent tax cuts were enacted. Moreover, these were accompanied by substantial increases in defense spending. Although reductions were made to nondefense spending, they were not of sufficient size to offset the impact on the deficit. As a result, annual deficits averaging $206 billion were incurred between 1983 and 1992. These unprecedented peacetime deficits increased debt held by the public from $789 billion in 1981 to $3.0 trillion (46.8 percent of GDP) in 1992. After peaking at $290 billion in 1992, deficits declined each year through the 1990s, until 1998 when the Nation recorded its first budget surplus ($69.3 billion) since 1969. As a percent of GDP, the budget bottom line went from a deficit of 4.5 percent in 1992 to a surplus of 2.3 percent in 2000. 5 An economic slowdown began in 2001. The deterioration in the performance of the economy, together with large tax reductions as well as additional spending in response to the September 11th terrorist attacks, produced a return to deficit ($158 billion, 1.5 percent of GDP) in 2002. These factors and military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan also contributed to the increase in the deficit in the following two years, reaching $413 billion (3.4 percent of GDP) in 2004. Economic growth in 2005 and 2006 produced a sharp increase in revenues, helping to reduce the deficit to $161 billion (1.1 percent of GDP) by 2007. Debt held by the public, which had peaked at 47.8 percent of GDP in 1993, fell to 31.5 percent by 2001 and rose only slightly through 2007. In December 2007, the economy fell into recession, which was significantly deepened by the financial market crisis that began in September 2008. Lower revenue, due to both tax reductions and lower economic activity; recession-induced spending for unemployment assistance and other automatic stabilizers; a large stimulus package; and increased defense spending, due partly to renewed buildups of troops in Iraq and Afghanistan, produced deficits peaking at $1,413 billion (9.8 percent of GDP) in 2009. The deficit remained above $1 trillion until failing to $679.5 billion in 2013, partially due to a strengthening economy and the expiration of previously enacted tax reductions. The deficit in 2017 was $779.1 billion (3.9 percent of GDP). As a result of the continuing deficits throughout the 2010s, there were corresponding increases in debt held by the public from 39.4 percent of GDP in 2008 to 77.8 percent in 2018. Receipts.—From the beginning of the Republic until the start of the Civil War, our Nation relied on customs duties to finance the activities of the Federal Government. During the 19th Century, sales of public lands supplemented customs duties. While large amounts were occasionally obtained from the sale of lands, customs duties accounted for over 90 percent of Federal receipts in most years prior to the Civil War. Excise taxes became an important and growing source of Federal receipts starting in the 1860s. Estate and gift taxes were levied and collected sporadically from the 1860s through World War I, although never amounting to a significant source of receipts during that time. Prior to 1913, income taxes did not exist or were inconsequential, other than for a brief time during the Civil War period, when special tax legislation raised the income tax share of Federal receipts to as much as 13 percent in 1866. Subsequent to the enactment of income tax legislation in 1913, these taxes grew in importance as a source of Federal receipts during the following decade. By 1930, the Federal Government was relying on income taxes for 60 percent of its receipts, while customs duties and excise taxes each accounted for 15 percent of the receipts total. During the 1930s, total Federal receipts averaged about 5 percent of GDP. World War II brought a dramatic increase in receipts, with Federal receipts peaking at 20.5 percent of GDP in 1944. The percentage declined in the early post-war years to 14.2 by 1950. Since then receipts have fluctuated within a range of 15-20 percent of GDP. In recent years, the deepening recession and further tax reductions enacted in 2009 to help revive the economy reduced receipts as a percent of GDP to 14.6 in both 2009 and 2010, the lowest since 1950. Receipts have since increased to within the historical average and were 16.5 percent of GDP in 2018. 6 There have also been some significant shifts during the postwar period in the underlying sources or composition of receipts. The increase in taxes needed to support the war effort in the 1940s saw total (corporate and individual) income taxes rise to prominence as a source of Federal receipts, reaching 79 percent of total receipts in 1944. After the war, the total income tax share of receipts fell from a postwar high of 74 percent in 1952 to an average of 64 percent in the late 1960s. The growth in social insurance taxes (such as Social Security and Medicare) more than offset a postwar secular decline in excise and other nonincome tax shares. The combination of substantial reductions in income taxes enacted in the early 1980s and the continued growth in social insurance taxes resulted in a continued decline in the total income tax share of receipts. By 1983 the total income tax share had dropped to 54 percent of receipts, and it ranged from 52 percent to 60 percent through 2007. As a result of the recession and tax reductions enacted as part of the stimulus packages in February 2008 and again in the spring of 2009, the total income tax share dropped to 50 percent in 2009 and 2010. By 2018, the total income tax share of receipts had risen to 56.7 percent. Corporation income taxes accounted for a large part of this postwar decline in total income tax share, falling from over 30 percent of total Federal receipts in the early 1950s to 19 percent in 1968. During the same period, pretax corporate profits fell from about 13 percent of GDP in the early 1950s to 11 percent in 1968. By 1980 the corporation income tax share of total receipts had dropped to 12.5 percent. Pretax corporate profits also declined as a percent of GDP during the 1980s and, thus, the corporation income tax share of total receipts dropped to a low of 6.2 percent in 1983. By 1996, the share of corporation income taxes had climbed back to 11.8 percent. But, between 2001 and 2003, it averaged 7.7 percent, well below the 1980 share, before increasing to 14.7 percent by 2006. The December 2007 recession reduced the corporation income tax share of total receipts to just 6.6 percent in 2009. In 2010 the share rose to 8.9 percent and remained relatively steady. After enactment of tax reform in 2018, corporate receipts declined to 6.1 percent of total receipts, but the share is expected to increase in subsequent years. The postwar drop in corporation income taxes as a share of total receipts has been more than offset by the growth in social insurance taxes and retirement receipts, as both tax rates and the percentage of the workforce covered by these payroll taxes increased. This category of receipts increased from only 8 percent of total receipts during the mid-1940s to 38 percent by 1992. It has remained between 32 and 42 percent since then, with increases in the relative share of social insurance and retirement receipts coming at the expense of decreases in the relative share of income taxes (individual and corporate). Excise taxes also declined in relative importance during the postwar period, falling from a 19 percent share of total receipts in 1950 to 3 percent by 1990 and remaining relatively stable since then. Outlays and Executive Branch Civilian Employment.—Throughout most of the Nation’s history prior to the 1930s, the bulk of Federal spending went towards national defense, veterans’ benefits, and interest on the public debt. In 1929, for example, 71 percent of Federal outlays were in these three categories. The 1930s began with Federal outlays equaling just 3.4 percent of GDP. As shown in Table 1.2, the efforts to fight the Great Depression with public works and other nondefense Federal spending, when combined with 7 the depressed GDP levels, caused outlays and their share of GDP to increase steadily during most of that decade, with outlays rising to 10.1 percent of GDP by 1939 and to 11.7 percent by 1941 on the eve of U.S. involvement in World War II. Defense spending during World War II resulted in outlays as a percent of GDP rising sharply, to a peak of 42.7 percent by 1944. The end of the war brought total spending down to 14.0 percent of GDP by 1949, but the Korean War increased spending to 19.9 percent of GDP by 1953. Outlays as a percent of GDP dropped after the Korean War and stayed between 16.1 and 18.3 percent until U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War escalated sharply in the middle 1960s and remained high into the early 1970s. From 1967 through 1972, Federal outlays averaged 19.0 percent of GDP, with a peak occurring in 1968 at 19.8 percent of GDP. The decline in defense spending as a percent of GDP that began in 1973, as the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam was nearing completion, was more than offset by increased spending on human resources programs during the 1970s. The increase in human resources programs was due to the maturation of the Social Security program; increases in education and training, general and Federal employee retirement, and other income support programs, such as food stamps and unemployment assistance; as well as a takeoff in spending on the recently enacted Great Society programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. As a result, total spending increased as a percent of GDP, averaging 19.4 percent during the 1970s. Outlays as a percent of GDP reached 21.2 percent in 1980 and remained above 20 percent of GDP until 1996. A number of different factors contributed to this rise, including substantially increased defense spending through the 1980s, continued growth in human resource spending throughout this period, and large tax cuts and a deep recession (which increased deficits and therefore spending for interest on the public debt). Outlays as a percent of GDP fell below 20 percent of GDP in 1996 and continued to decline, falling to a low of 17.7 percent in both 2000 and 2001. The outlay share of GDP rose throughout the 2000s, first due, in part, to the increase in defense and homeland security spending in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, and in part to the weak growth of GDP resulting from the 2001 recession. Spending remained elevated through the middle half of the decade due, in part, to increased spending on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as the response to the devastating hurricanes that struck States along the Gulf Coast in late summer 2005. Spending reached a post-World War II high of 24.4 percent of GDP in 2009 as a result of both the recession and spending associated with the first stages of a Federal effort to restore financial markets to full functionality. Outlays as a percent of GDP have since fallen and were at 20.3 percent in 2018. Despite the growth in total Federal spending as a percent of GDP in recent decades, Executive Branch (full-time equivalent) civilian employment, as shown in Table 16.1, has remained roughly constant, ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 million civilian employees (excluding the Postal Service) since 1981. However, the composition of employment has shifted significantly between defense and civilian agencies during the postwar period, especially since the mid1980s. In 1986, for example, the 2.1 million total for civilian employees was split equally between defense and the civilian agencies, with each accounting for 1 million employees. During the 1990s and up through the current decade there has been a shift away from 8 defense to civilian agency employment. In recent years, civilian agency employment has been nearly twice that of the Department of Defense, accounting for over 1.3 million of the 2.1 million total in 2018. Although total spending has increased substantially as a percent of GDP since the 1950s, the growth in the various components of spending has not been even and, thus, the composition of spending has changed significantly during the same period. Outlays for discretionary programs (whose funding levels are determined by annual appropriations) totaled 12.3 percent of GDP in 1962, with nearly three-fourths going to defense. Discretionary spending for defense programs increased during the Vietnam War buildup in the late 1960s, causing total discretionary outlays to rise to 13.1 percent of GDP by 1968, after which a gradual decline began. By the middle 1970s, this category had dropped to slightly less than 10 percent of GDP and it generally stayed at that level until the late 1980s, when the defense buildup that started early in that decade came to an end. Discretionary spending, as a percent of GDP, fell substantially over the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s, from 9.3 percent in 1987 to 6.0 percent in 1999. Over the following decade, discretionary spending increased. This growth began in 2002 and 2003, in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and the initiation of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and continued in response to the Gulf Coast hurricanes in September 2005. The recession that began in December 2007 caused GDP to drop from 2008 to 2009 and, in conjunction with additional program spending, increased discretionary spending to 9.1 percent of GDP by 2010. Discretionary outlays have fallen in the years since, in part due to the caps on discretionary spending instituted as part of the Budget Control Act of 2011, and were 6.2 percent of GDP in 2018. While total discretionary spending as a percent of GDP has generally followed a downward path over most of the past 50 years, its major components—defense and nondefense—have contrasting histories. As shown in Table 8.4, discretionary defense spending was at 9.0 percent of GDP in 1962. By 1965, spending in this category had declined to 7.2 percent of GDP. It then increased as a result of the Vietnam War, peaking at 9.2 percent of GDP in 1968, returning to the 1965 level by 1971. This decline continued throughout the 1970s, hitting a low point in that decade of 4.6 percent of GDP in 1978 and 1979. The defense buildup starting in the early 1980s boosted its percentage of GDP back to 6.0 percent by 1986, after which it again began a gradual decline throughout the rest of that decade and the next. By 1999, defense discretionary spending had fallen to 2.9 percent of GDP, reflecting the end of the Cold War and the above-average economic growth during much of the 1990s. Spending in response to the September 11, 2001, attacks, followed by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, reversed this decline, with defense discretionary spending growing over the decade and (due in part to the drop in GDP) peaking at 4.6 percent of GDP in 2009 and 2010. Defense discretionary spending has declined in the years since, to 3.1 percent of GDP in 2018, in part due to the caps on discretionary spending instituted as part of the Budget Control Act of 2011. 9 Nondefense discretionary spending as a percent of GDP has followed a much different path. In 1962, it stood at 3.3 percent of GDP. During the next few years it quickly increased, reaching 4.1 percent of GDP by 1967. It dropped slightly after that year, but still averaged about 3.8 percent of GDP until 1975, when it grew to 4.4 percent of GDP due, in part, to the recession and partly due to growth in spending on energy, the environment, and housing and other income support programs. Much of this growth was in the form of Federal grants to State and local governments. Additional spending arose from the creation of various antirecession grants at the end of the decade. Nondefense discretionary outlays peaked as a percent of GDP during the recession in 1980 at 5.1 percent. This category declined sharply as a percent of GDP starting in 1982, and then remained relatively steady for the next 25 years, averaging 3.5 percent during 1983–2008. The effects of the deepening recession and the anti-recession stimulus spending enacted in the spring of 2009 combined to increase the nondefense discretionary spending to 4.4 percent of GDP in 2010, before dropping in the subsequent years. Nondefense discretionary spending was 3.2 percent of GDP in 2018, lower than the percentage in 1962 and equal to the average of 1997-2001. Programmatic mandatory spending (which excludes net interest and undistributed offsetting receipts) accounts for the largest part of the growth in total Federal spending as a percent of GDP since the 1950s. Major programs in this category include Social Security, Medicare, unemployment compensation, deposit insurance, and means-tested entitlements (Medicaid, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Supplemental Security Income, the refundable portions of a variety of tax credits, including the Earned Income and Child Tax Credits, and other programs subject to an income or asset test). Prior to the start of Medicare and Medicaid in 1966, programmatic mandatory spending averaged 5.5 percent of GDP between 1962 and 1965 (less than half the size of total discretionary spending), with Social Security accounting for nearly half. Within a decade, this category was comparable in size to total discretionary spending, nearly doubling as a percent of GDP to 10.3 percent by 1975 and remained between 9.3 percent of GDP and 11.4 percent of GDP for the next 30 years. Although part of the growth from 1966 to 1976 represented the impact of the 1975–76 recession on GDP levels and on outlays for unemployment compensation (unemployment compensation accounted for 1.1 percent of GDP in 1976) and other programs sensitive to unemployment, the largest part of the increase was due to Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. These three programs totaled 3.3 percent of GDP in 1968 and grew rapidly to 5.4 percent of GDP by 1976. By 1985, they reached 6.4 percent of GDP. While Social Security stabilized as a percent of GDP during 1984–2008, ranging from 4.0 percent to 4.5 percent, the growth in other programmatic mandatory spending continued to outpace the growth in GDP through this period (apart from recession recovery periods) due to Medicare and Medicaid. These two programs, which were 1.2 percent of GDP in 1975, have quadrupled as a percent of GDP since then, reaching 4.8 percent in 2018. Spending for means-tested entitlements other than Medicaid was at 1.2 percent of GDP in 2007, the same as it had been thirty years before (1.2 percent), in 1977. The impact of the 2007 recession helped increase this percentage to 2.0 percent by 2010 and 2011, before the percentage decreased slightly to 1.6 percent of GDP by 2017. 10 By way of contrast, programmatic mandatory spending other than Social Security, Medicare, means-tested entitlements (which includes Medicaid), unemployment compensation, and deposit insurance had shrunk nearly in half as a percent of GDP between 1975 and 2008, falling from 3.1 percent in 1975 to no more than 1.7 percent during the 1989-2008 period. (Major programs in this grouping include Federal military and civilian employee and railroad retirement, farm price supports and veterans’ compensation and readjustment benefits.) However, the large assistance provided to the financial sector in response to the financial crisis in the fall of 2008, along with the drop in GDP associated with the severe recession, caused this percentage to more than double in 2009, when it reached 3.1 percent of GDP, before dropping back to 1.3 percent of GDP in 2010. It has remained relatively stable since then and was 1.1 percent of GDP in 2018 The assistance to the financial sector in the fall of 2008, along with the effects of the deepening recession, anti-recession spending enacted in the spring of 2009, and the spending from automatic stabilizers, such as unemployment assistance and other cyclically sensitive mandatory programs, combined to increase outlays for the entire programmatic mandatory category to 15.1 percent of GDP in 2009. This category has since fallen slightly and was 12.9 percent of GDP in 2018. By way of comparison, total discretionary spending in 2018 was 6.2 percent of GDP. Additional perspectives on spending trends available in this document include spending by agency, by function and subfunction, and by composition of outlays categories, which include payments for individuals and grants to State and local governments. 11 SECTION NOTES Notes on Section 1 (Overview of Federal Government Finances) This section provides an overall perspective on total receipts, outlays (spending), and surpluses or deficits. Off-budget transactions, which consist of the Social Security trust funds and the Postal Service fund, and on-budget transactions, which equal the total minus the off-budget transactions, are shown separately. Tables 1.1 and 1.2 have similar structures; 1.1 shows the data in millions of dollars, while 1.2 shows the same data as percentages of the gross domestic product (GDP). For all the tables using GDP, fiscal year GDP is used to calculate percentages of GDP. The fiscal year GDP data are shown in Table 1.2. Additionally, Table 1.1 shows budget totals annually back to 1901 and for multi-year periods back to 1789. Table 1.3 shows total Federal receipts, outlays, and surpluses or deficits in current and constant (Fiscal Year 2012) dollars, and as percentages of GDP. Section 6 provides a disaggregation of the constant dollar outlays. Table 1.4 shows receipts, outlays, and surpluses or deficits for the consolidated budget by fund group. The budget is composed of two principal fund groups—Federal funds and trust funds. Normally, whenever data are shown by fund group, any payments from programs in one fund group to accounts of the other are shown as outlays of the paying fund and receipts of the collecting fund. When the two fund groups are aggregated to arrive at budget totals these interfund transactions are deducted from both receipts and outlays in order to arrive at transactions with the public. Table 1.4 displays receipts and outlays on a gross basis. That is, in contrast to normal budget practice, collections of interfund payments are included in the receipts totals rather than as offsets to outlays. These interfund collections are grossed-up to more closely approximate cash income and outgo of the fund groups. Notes on Section 2 (Composition of Federal Government Receipts) Section 2 provides historical information on on-budget and off-budget governmental receipts. Table 2.1 shows total receipts divided into five major categories; it also shows the split between on-budget and off-budget receipts. Table 2.2 shows the receipts by major category as percentages of total receipts, while Table 2.3 shows the same categories of receipts as percentages of GDP. Table 2.4 disaggregates two of the major receipts categories, social insurance and retirement receipts and excise taxes, and Table 2.5 disaggregates the ‘‘other receipts’’ category. While the focus of the section is on total Federal receipts, auxiliary data show the amounts of trust fund receipts in each category, so it is readily possible to distinguish the Federal fund and trust fund portions. 12 Notes on Section 3 (Federal Government Outlays by Function) Section 3 displays Federal Government outlays (on-budget and off-budget) according to their functional classification. The functional structure divides the budget into 18 broad areas (functions) that provide a coherent and comprehensive basis for analysis. Each function, in turn, is divided into basic groupings of programs, called subfunctions. The structure has two categories—allowances and undistributed offsetting receipts—that are not truly functions but are required in order to cover the entire budget. Allowances are used to categorize amounts in estimated years that cannot yet be allocated to individual functions. Undistributed offsetting receipts are offsetting receipts that are not offset against outlays for any specific agency or programmatic function. In arraying data on a functional basis, budget authority and outlays are classified according to the primary purpose of the activity. To the extent feasible, this classification is made without regard to agency or organizational distinctions. Classifying each activity solely in the function defining its most important purpose—even though many activities serve more than one purpose— permits adding the budget authority and outlays of each function to obtain the budget totals. For example, Federal spending for Medicaid constitutes a health care program, but it also constitutes a form of income security benefits. However, the spending cannot be counted in both functions; since the main purpose of Medicaid is to finance the health care of the beneficiaries, this program is classified in the ‘‘health’’ function. Section 3 provides data on budget outlays by function, while Section 5 provides comparable data on budget authority. At times a more summary presentation of functional data is needed; the data are arrayed by ‘‘superfunction’’ to satisfy this need. Table 3.1 provides outlays by superfunction and function while Table 3.2 shows outlays by function and subfunction. Notes on Section 4 (Federal Government Outlays by Agency) Section 4 displays Federal Government outlays (on- and off-budget) by agency. Table 4.1 shows the dollar amounts of such outlays and Table 4.2 shows the percentage distribution. The outlays by agency are based on the agency structure currently in effect. For example, the Department of Homeland Security was established by legislation enacted in 2002. However, these data show spending by the Department of Homeland Security in previous years that consists of spending attributable to predecessor agencies in earlier years, but now attributable to the Department of Homeland Security. Notes on Section 5 (Budget Authority by Agency and by Subfunction) Section 5 provides data on budget authority (BA). BA is the authority provided by law for agencies to obligate the Government to spend. Table 5.1 shows BA by function and subfunction, starting with 1976. Table 5.2 provides the same information by agency, and Table 5.3 provides a percentage distribution of BA by agency. Tables 5.4 and 5.5 provide the same displays as Tables 5.2 and 5.3, but for discretionary budget authority rather than total budget authority. Budget authority data are also provided by function in Table 5.6 for various discretionary program groupings. (Discretionary refers to the Budget Enforcement 13 Act category that comprises programs subject to the annual appropriations process. See Chapter 11, “Budget Concepts,” of the Analytical Perspectives volume for more information.) The data in these tables were compiled using the same methods used for the historical tables for receipts and outlays (e.g., to the extent feasible, changes in classification are reflected retroactively so the data show the same stream of transactions in the same location for all years). However, BA is heterogeneous in nature, varying in type from one program to another. As a result, it is not strictly additive—either across programs or agencies for a year or, in many cases, for an agency or program across a series of years—in the same sense that budget receipts and budget outlays are additive. The following are examples of different kinds of BA and the manner in which BA results in outlays: BA and outlays for each year may be exactly the same (e.g., interest on the public debt). For each year, the Congress may appropriate a large quantity of BA that will be spent over a subsequent period of years (e.g., many defense procurement contracts and major construction programs). Some BA (e.g., the salaries and expenses of an operating agency) is made available only for a year and any portion not obligated during that year lapses (i.e., it ceases to be available to be obligated). Revolving funds may operate spending programs indefinitely with no new infusion of BA, other than the authority to spend offsetting collections. BA may be enacted with the expectation it is unlikely ever to be used (e.g., standby borrowing authority). As noted in the Introduction above, beginning in 1990, BA in most special and trust funds with legislatively imposed limitations or benefit formulas that constrain the use of BA is an estimate of the obligations to be incurred during the fiscal year for benefit payments, administration, and other expenses of the fund. In some, but not all, cases it was possible to adjust BA figures for these funds for years prior to 1990 to conform to the current concepts. All income to a fund (e.g., certain revolving, special, and trust funds not subject to limitation or benefit formula) may be permanently appropriated as BA; as long as the fund has adequate resources, there is no further relationship between the BA and outlays. Although major changes in the way BA is measured for credit programs (beginning in 1992) result from the Federal Credit Reform Act, these tables could not be reconstructed to show revised BA figures for 1991 and prior years on the new basis. (This distinction between pre-1992 credit transactions and later ones also exists for outlays, which otherwise do not suffer from differences in type.) In its earliest years, the Federal Financing Bank (FFB) was conducted as a revolving fund, making direct loans to the public or purchasing loan assets from other funds or accounts. Each new loan by the FFB required new BA. In 14 many cases, if the same loan were made by the account being serviced by the FFB, the loan could be financed from offsetting collections and no new BA would be recorded. Under terms of the 1985 legislation moving the FFB onbudget, the FFB ceased to make direct loans to the public. Instead, it makes loans to the accounts it services, and these accounts, in turn, make the loans to the public. Such loans could be made from new BA or other obligational authority available to the parent account. These tables have not been reconstructed to shift BA previously scored in the FFB to the parent accounts, because there is no technical way to reconfigure the data. Despite these qualifications, there is a desire for historical data on BA, and this section has been developed to meet that desire. Notes on Section 6 (Composition of Federal Government Outlays) The ‘‘composition’’ categories in this section divide total outlays into national defense and nondefense components, and then disaggregate the nondefense spending into several parts: Payments for individuals: These are Federal Government spending programs designed to transfer income (in cash or in kind) to individuals or families. To the extent feasible, this category does not include reimbursements for current services rendered to the Government (e.g., salaries and interest). The payments may be in the form of cash paid directly to individuals or they may take the form of the provision of services or the payment of bills for activities generally financed from personal income. They include outlays for the provision of medical care (in veterans’ hospitals, for example) and for the payment of medical bills (e.g., Medicare). They also include subsidies to reduce the cost of housing below market rates and food and nutrition assistance (such as SNAP – formerly food stamps). The data base, while not precise, provides a reasonable perspective of the size and composition of income support transfers within any particular year and trends over time. Section 11 disaggregates the components of this category. The data in Section 6 show a significant amount of payments for individuals takes the form of grants to State and local governments to finance benefits for the ultimate recipients. These grants include Medicaid, some food and nutrition assistance, and a significant portion of the housing assistance payments. Sections 11 and 12 provide a more detailed disaggregation of this spending. All other grants to State and local governments: This category consists of the Federal nondefense grants to State and local governments other than grants defined as payments for individuals. Section 12 disaggregates this spending. Net interest: Most spending for net interest is paid to the public as interest on the Federal debt. As shown in Table 3.2, net interest includes, as an offset, significant amounts of interest income. Spending in this category is equal to net outlays in the budget function of the same name. 15 All other: This category consists of all remaining Federal spending and offsetting receipts except for those included in the functional category ‘‘undistributed offsetting receipts.’’ It includes most Federal loan activities and most Federal spending for foreign assistance, farm price supports, medical and other scientific research, and, in general, Federal direct program operations. Undistributed offsetting receipts: These are offsetting receipts that are not offset against any specific agency or programmatic function. They are classified as function 950 in the functional tables. Additional details on their composition can be found at the end of Table 3.2. Table 6.1 shows these outlays in current and constant dollars, the percentage distribution of current dollar outlays, and the current dollar outlays as percentages of GDP. The term ‘‘constant dollars’’ means the amounts of money that would have had to be spent in each year if, on average, the unit cost of everything purchased within that category each year (including purchases financed by income transfers, interest, etc.) were the same as in the base year (Fiscal Year 2012). The adjustments to constant dollars are made by applying a series of chain-weighted price indexes to the current dollar data base. The composite total outlays deflator is used to deflate current dollar receipts to produce the constant dollar receipts in Table 1.3. The separate composite deflators used for the various outlay categories are shown in Table 10.1. Notes on Section 7 (Federal Debt) This section provides information about Federal debt. Table 7.1 contains data on gross Federal debt and its major components in terms of both the amount of debt outstanding at the end of each year and that amount as a percentage of fiscal year GDP. Gross Federal debt is composed both of Federal debt held (owned) by the public and Federal debt held by Federal Government accounts, which is mostly held by trust funds. Federal debt held by the public consists of all Federal debt held outside the Federal Government accounts. For example, it includes debt held by individuals, private banks and insurance companies, the Federal Reserve Banks, and foreign central banks. The sale (or repayment) of Federal debt to the public is the principal means of financing a Federal budget deficit (or disposing of a Federal budget surplus). Table 7.1 divides debt held by the public between the amount held by the Federal Reserve Banks and the remainder. The Federal Reserve System is the central bank for the Nation. Their holdings of Federal debt are shown separately because they do not have the same impact on private credit markets as does other debt held by the public. They accumulate Federal debt as a result of their role as the country’s central bank, and the size of these holdings has a major impact on the Nation’s money supply. Since the Federal budget does not forecast Federal Reserve monetary policy, it does not project future changes in the amounts of Federal debt that will be held by the Federal Reserve Banks. Hence, the split of debt held by the public into that portion held by the Federal Reserve Banks and the remainder is provided only for past years. Table 2.5 shows deposits of earnings by the Federal Reserve System. Most interest paid by Treasury on debt held by the Federal 16 Reserve Banks is returned to the Treasury as deposits of earnings, which are recorded as budget receipts. As a result of a conceptual revision in the quantification of Federal debt, the data on debt held by the public and gross Federal debt—but only a small part of debt held by Government accounts—were revised back to 1956 in the 1990 Budget. The total revision was relatively small—a change of less than one percent of the recorded value of the debt—but the revised basis is more consistent with the quantification of interest outlays, and provides a more meaningful measure of Federal debt. The change converted most debt held by the public from the par value to the sales price plus amortized discount. Most debt held by Government accounts is issued at par, and securities issued at a premium or discount were formerly recorded at par. That portion of debt held by Government accounts that was not revised back to 1956 in the 1990 Budget was first recorded with an adjustment for any initial discount starting with debt issued in 1989. Zerocoupon bonds, however, are recorded at estimated market or redemption price. Table 7.2 shows the end-of-year amounts of Federal debt subject to the general statutory limitation. It is recorded at par value (except for savings bonds) through 1988, but by law the basis was changed, in part, to accrual value for later years. Before World War I, each debt issue by the Government required specific authorization by the Congress. Starting in 1917, the nature of this limitation was modified in several steps until it developed into a limit on the total amount of Federal debt outstanding. The Treasury is free to borrow whatever amounts are needed up to the debt limit, which is changed from time to time to meet new requirements. Table 7.3 shows the ceiling at each point in time since 1940. It provides the specific legal citation, a short description of the change, and the amount of the limit specified by each Act. Most, but not all, of gross Federal debt is subject to the statutory limit. See Chapter 4, “Federal Borrowing and Debt,” of the Analytical Perspectives volume for more information. Notes on Section 8 (Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category and Budget Authority for Discretionary Programs) Section 8 is composed of eight tables that present outlays by the major categories used under the Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) and under previous budget agreements between the Congress and previous Administrations. Table 8.1 shows Federal outlays within each of the categories and subcategories. The principal categories are outlays for mandatory and related programs and outlays for discretionary programs. (Discretionary budget authority is shown in Section 5; on an agency basis in Table 5.4 and Table 5.5 and on a functional basis in Table 5.6.) Mandatory and related programs include direct spending and offsetting receipts whose budget authority is determined by law other than appropriations acts. These include appropriated entitlements and SNAP (formerly the food stamp program), which receive pro forma appropriations. Discretionary programs are those whose budgetary resources (other than entitlement authority) are determined by annual appropriations acts. The table shows two major categories of discretionary programs: National Defense (Function 050) and Nondefense (all other discretionary programs). Table 8.2 has the same structure, but shows the data in constant (FY 2012) dollars. Table 8.3 shows the percentage 17 distribution of outlays by BEA category and Table 8.4 shows outlays by BEA category as a percentage of GDP. Tables 8.1 through 8.4 include a category called Other Means-Tested Entitlements. Means-tested entitlement programs include Medicaid and a number of other programs that limit benefits or payments based on the beneficiary’s income and/or assets. Also included in this category are payments from refundable tax credits that are phased out at certain income (generally, Adjusted Gross Income) levels. The programs currently categorized as Means-Tested Entitlements are: Funds for Strengthening Markets, Income, and Supply (section 32) SNAP (formerly the Food Stamp Program), including nutrition assistance for Puerto Rico Child Nutrition Programs, including the special milk program Student Financial Assistance (mostly Pell Grants) Grants to States for Medicaid Children's Health Insurance Program Child Enrollment Contingency Fund Payments to States for Child Support Enforcement and Family Support Programs Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) TANF Contingency Fund Payment Where Adoption Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Payments to States for Foster Care and Adoption Assistance Child Care Entitlement to States Payment Where Recovery Rebate Exceeds Liability for Tax Payment Where Earned Income Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Health insurance supplement to earned income credit Payment Where Child Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Payment Where Credit to Aid First-Time Homebuyers Exceeds Liability for Tax Payment Where American Opportunity Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Payment Where Making Work Pay Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Supplemental Security Income Program (SSI) Recovery of Beneficiary Overpayments from SSI Program Veterans’ Pensions benefits Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Cost Sharing Reductions Payment Where COBRA Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Table 8.5 provides additional detail by function or subfunction for mandatory and related programs. Table 8.6 shows the same data in constant dollars. Table 8.7 provides additional detail by function and subfunction on outlays for discretionary programs. Table 8.8 provides the same data in constant dollars. 18 Notes on Section 9 (Federal Government Outlays for Major Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Education and Training) Tables in this section provide a broad perspective on Federal Government outlays for investment in public physical capital, the conduct of research and development (R&D), and education and training. These data measure new Federal spending for major public physical assets, but they exclude major commodity inventories. In some cases it was necessary to use supplementary data sources to estimate missing data in order to develop a consistent historical data series. The data for the conduct of research and development exclude outlays for construction and major equipment because such spending is included in outlays for physical capital. Table 9.1 shows total investment outlays for major public physical capital, R&D, and education and training in current and constant (FY 2012) dollars, and shows the percentage distribution of outlays and outlays as a percentage of GDP. Table 9.2 focuses on direct Federal outlays and grants for major public physical capital investment in current and constant (FY 2012) dollars, disaggregating direct Federal outlays into national defense and nondefense capital investment. Table 9.3 retains the same structure as 9.2, but shows direct Federal outlay totals for physical capital investment as percentages of total outlays and as percentages of GDP. Table 9.4 disaggregates national defense direct outlays, while Table 9.5 disaggregates nondefense outlays for major public physical capital investment. Table 9.6 shows the composition of grant outlays for major public physical capital investment. Table 9.7 provides an overall perspective on Federal Government outlays for the conduct of R&D. It shows total R&D spending and the split between national defense and nondefense spending in four forms: in current dollars, in constant dollars, as percentages of total outlays, and as percentages of GDP. Table 9.8 shows outlays in current dollars by major function and program. Table 9.9 shows outlays for the conduct of education and training in current dollars for direct Federal programs and for grants to State and local governments. Total outlays for the conduct of education and training as a percentage of Federal outlays and in constant (FY 2012) dollars are also shown. As with the series on physical capital, several budget data sources have been used to develop a consistent data series extending back to 1962. A discontinuity occurs between 1991 and 1992 and affects primarily direct Federal higher education outlays. For 1991 and earlier, these data include net loan disbursements, repayments, and other transactions on a cash basis. Beginning in 1992, pursuant to changes in the treatment of loans as specified in the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this series includes outlays for loan repayments and defaults for loans originated in 1991 and earlier, but credit subsidy outlays for loans originated in 1992 and later years. Table 9.9 also excludes education and training outlays for physical capital (which are included in Table 9.7) and education and training outlays for the conduct of research and development (which are in Table 9.8). Also excluded are education and training programs for Federal civilian and military personnel. 19 Notes on Section 10 (Implicit Outlay Deflators) Section 10 consists of Table 10.1, Gross Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the Historical Tables, which shows the various implicit deflators used to convert current dollar outlays to constant dollars. The constant dollar deflators are based on chain-weighted (FY 2012 chained-dollars) price indexes derived from the National Income and Product Accounts data. Notes on Section 11 (Federal Government Payments for Individuals) This section provides detail on outlays for Federal Government payments for individuals, which are also described in the notes on Section 6. The basic purpose of the payments for individuals aggregation is to provide a broad perspective on Federal cash or in-kind payments for which no current service is rendered, yet which constitutes income transfers to individuals and families. Table 11.1 provides an overview display of these data in four different forms. All four of these displays show the total payments for individuals, and the split of this total between grants to State and local governments for payments for individuals (such as Medicaid and grants for housing assistance) and all other (‘‘direct’’) payments for individuals. Table 11.2 shows the functional composition of payments for individuals (see notes on Section 3 for a description of the functional classification), and includes the same grants versus nongrants (‘‘direct’’) split provided in Table 11.1. The off-budget Social Security program finances a significant portion of the Federal payments for individuals. These tables do not distinguish between the on-budget and off-budget payments for individuals. However, all payments for individuals shown in Table 11.2 in function 650 (Social Security), except for minor payment amounts associated with the 2009 Recovery Act (ARRA), are off-budget outlays, and all other payments for individuals are on-budget. Table 11.3 displays the payments for individuals by major program category. Notes on Section 12 (Federal Grants To State and Local Governments) For many decades the Federal budget documents have provided data on Federal grants to State and local governments. The purpose of these data is to identify Federal Government outlays that constitute income to State and local governments to help finance their services and their income transfers (payments for individuals) to the public. Grants generally exclude Federal Government payments for services rendered directly to the Federal Government; for example, they exclude most Federal Government payments for research and development, and they exclude payments to State social service agencies for screening disability insurance beneficiaries for the Federal disability insurance trust fund. Table 12.1 provides an overall perspective on grants; its structure is similar to the structure of Table 11.1. Table 12.2 displays Federal grants by function (see notes on Section 3 for a description of the functional classification). The bulk of Federal grants are included in the Federal funds group. However, since the creation of the highway trust fund in 1957, 20 significant amounts of grants have been financed from trust funds. All Federal grants are on-budget. Wherever trust fund outlays are included in those data, Table 12.2 not only identifies the total grants by function but also shows the split between Federal funds and trust funds. See “Concepts Relevant to the Historical Tables” above for more information on Federal funds and trust funds. Table 12.3 provides data on grants at the account or program level, with an identification of the function, agency, and fund group of the payment. Notes on Section 13 (Social Security and Medicare) Table 13.1 displays the transactions of the Social Security and Medicare trust funds, including trust fund income, outgo, and balances, from their inception. Over the past several decades the Social Security programs (the Federal old-age and survivors insurance (OASI) and the Federal disability insurance (DI) trust funds) and the Medicare programs (the Federal hospital insurance (HI) and the Federal supplementary medical insurance (SMI) trust funds) have grown to be among the largest parts of the Federal budget. Because of the size, the rates of growth, and the specialized financing of these programs, policy analysts frequently wish to identify these activities separately from all other Federal taxes and spending. As discussed in the introductory notes, the two Social Security funds are off-budget, while the Medicare funds are on-budget. As Table 13.1 shows, the first of these funds (OASI) began in 1937. The table shows the annual transactions of that fund and of the other funds beginning with their points of origin. The table provides detailed information about Social Security and Medicare by fund. It shows total cash income (including offsetting receipts, but excluding any offsetting collections, which are offset within the expenditure accounts) by fund, separately identifying social insurance taxes and contributions, intragovernmental income, and proprietary receipts from the public. Virtually all of the proprietary receipts from the public, especially those for the SMI trust fund, are Medicare insurance premiums. The table shows the income, outgo, and surplus or deficit of each fund for each year, and also shows the balances of the funds available for future requirements. Most of these fund balances are invested in public debt securities and constitute a significant portion of the debt held by Government accounts (see Table 7.1). The SMI fund, which was established in 1967, is financed primarily by payments from Federal funds and secondarily by medical insurance premiums (proprietary receipts from the public). The other three trust funds are financed primarily by dedicated social insurance taxes. The law establishing the rate and base of these taxes allocates the tax receipts among the three funds. The table shows significant transfers by OASI and DI to the railroad retirement Social Security equivalent account. These transfers are equal to the additional amounts of money Social Security would have had to pay, less additional receipts it would have collected, if the rail labor force had been included directly under Social Security since the inception of the Social Security program. 21 In 1983, when the OASI fund ran short of money, Congress passed legislation that (a) provided for a one-time acceleration of military service credit payments to these trust funds, (b) provided for a Federal fund payment to OASI and DI for the estimated value of checks issued in prior years and charged to the trust funds but never cashed, (c) required that the Treasury make payments to OASI, DI, and HI on the first day of the month for the estimated amounts of their social insurance taxes to be collected over the course of each month (thereby increasing each affected trust fund’s balances at the beginning of the month), and (d) subjected some Social Security benefits to Federal income or other taxes and provided for payments by Federal funds to Social Security of amounts equal to these additional taxes. Additionally, in 1983 the OASI fund borrowed from the DI and HI funds (the tables show the amounts of such borrowing and repayments of borrowing). The large intragovernmental collections by OASI, DI, and HI in 1983 are a result of the transactions described under (a) and (b) above. Also starting in 1983, OASI began paying interest to DI and HI to reimburse them for the balances OASI borrowed from them; OASI, DI, and HI paid interest to Treasury to compensate it for the balances transferred to these funds on the first day of each month. The legal requirement for Treasury to make payments on the first day of the month, and the associated interest payment, ended in 1985 for HI and in 1991 for OASI and DI. Notes on Section 14 (Total (Federal and State and Local) Government Finances) Section 14 provides a perspective on the size and composition of total Government (Federal, State, and local) receipts and spending. Both the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Economic Analysis in the Commerce Department provide information (in the national income and product accounts (NIPA) data) on income and spending for all levels of government in the United States. The tables in this section include the NIPA State and local transactions with the Federal Government (deducting the amount of overlap due to Federal grants to State and local governments) to measure total Government receipts and spending on a fiscal year basis. The NIPA State and local government receipts and expenditures have been adjusted to be more comparable to the Federal unified budget receipts and outlays by using State and local government Total Expenditures, by including NIPA Capital Receipts from Estate and Gift taxes, and by displaying State and local interest receipts as an offset to State and local interest expenditures. Notes on Section 15 (Federal Health Spending) Section 15 consists of Table 15.1, Total Outlays for Health Programs. This table shows a broad definition of total Federal health spending by type of health program, including defense and veterans’ health programs, Medicare, Medicaid, Federal employees’ health benefits and other health spending. It also shows Federal health spending as percentages of total outlays and of GDP. The Health Insurance Assistance category includes outlays in the following accounts: Payment Where Health Coverage Tax Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Payment Where COBRA Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions 22 Cost Sharing Reductions Payment Where Small Business Health Insurance Tax Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Pre-Existing Condition Insurance Plan Program Early Retiree Reinsurance Program Reinsurance and Risk Adjustment Program Payments The Other Health category consists of outlays in the health function (function 550) that are not shown in any other category on the table. Notes on Section 16 (Executive Branch Civilian Employment) Section 16 provides an overview of the size and scope of the Executive Branch Civilian work force. Federal employment in the Executive Branch is controlled on the basis of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) employment, which is the measure of the total number of regular (non-overtime) hours worked by an employee divided by the number of compensable hours applicable to each fiscal year. A typical FTE workyear is equal to 2,080 hours. For example, one full-time employee counts as one FTE, and two employees who work half-time count as one FTE. FTE data have been collected for Executive Branch agencies since 1981. The tables included in this section illustrate the size of the Executive Branch Civilian work force utilizing the FTE measures. Table 16.1 shows FTEs for the Executive Branch and selected agencies for 1981 and subsequent years; Table 16.2 shows these FTEs as a percentage of total Executive Branch FTEs. Tables showing end-strength employment are no longer included in the Historical Tables. However, these data are now available from the Office of Personnel Management’s web site at: http://www.opm.gov/feddata/HistoricalTables/index.asp. 23 Table 1.1 - SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS ( - ): 1789 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Total On-Budget Off-Budget Year 1789-1849 1850-1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 Receipts 1,160 14,462 588 562 562 541 544 595 666 602 604 676 702 693 714 725 683 761 1,101 3,645 5,130 6,649 5,571 4,026 3,853 3,871 3,641 3,795 4,013 3,900 3,862 4,058 3,116 1,924 1,997 2,955 3,609 3,923 5,387 6,751 6,295 6,548 8,712 14,634 24,001 43,747 45,159 39,296 38,514 41,560 39,415 39,443 51,616 66,167 69,608 69,701 65,451 74,587 79,990 79,636 79,249 92,492 94,388 99,676 106,560 Outlays 1,090 15,453 525 485 517 584 567 570 579 659 694 694 691 690 715 726 746 713 1,954 12,677 18,493 6,358 5,062 3,289 3,140 2,908 2,924 2,930 2,857 2,961 3,127 3,320 3,577 4,659 4,598 6,541 6,412 8,228 7,580 6,840 9,141 9,468 13,653 35,137 78,555 91,304 92,712 55,232 34,496 29,764 38,835 42,562 45,514 67,686 76,101 70,855 68,444 70,640 76,578 82,405 92,098 92,191 97,723 106,821 111,316 Surplus or Deficit (-) 70 -991 63 77 45 -43 -23 25 87 -57 -89 -18 11 3 -* -* -63 48 -853 -9,032 -13,363 291 509 736 713 963 717 865 1,155 939 734 738 -462 -2,735 -2,602 -3,586 -2,803 -4,304 -2,193 -89 -2,846 -2,920 -4,941 -20,503 -54,554 -47,557 -47,553 -15,936 4,018 11,796 580 -3,119 6,102 -1,519 -6,493 -1,154 -2,993 3,947 3,412 -2,769 -12,849 301 -3,335 -7,146 -4,756 Receipts 1,160 14,462 588 562 562 541 544 595 666 602 604 676 702 693 714 725 683 761 1,101 3,645 5,130 6,649 5,571 4,026 3,853 3,871 3,641 3,795 4,013 3,900 3,862 4,058 3,116 1,924 1,997 2,955 3,609 3,923 5,122 6,364 5,792 5,998 8,024 13,738 22,871 42,455 43,849 38,057 37,055 39,944 37,724 37,336 48,496 62,573 65,511 65,112 60,370 68,162 73,201 71,587 70,953 81,851 82,279 87,405 92,385 24 Outlays 1,090 15,453 525 485 517 584 567 570 579 659 694 694 691 690 715 726 746 713 1,954 12,677 18,493 6,358 5,062 3,289 3,140 2,908 2,924 2,930 2,857 2,961 3,127 3,320 3,577 4,659 4,598 6,541 6,412 8,228 7,582 6,850 9,154 9,482 13,618 35,071 78,466 91,190 92,569 55,022 34,193 29,396 38,408 42,038 44,237 65,956 73,771 67,943 64,461 65,668 70,562 74,902 83,102 81,341 86,046 93,286 96,352 Surplus or Deficit (-) 70 -991 63 77 45 -43 -23 25 87 -57 -89 -18 11 3 -* -* -63 48 -853 -9,032 -13,363 291 509 736 713 963 717 865 1,155 939 734 738 -462 -2,735 -2,602 -3,586 -2,803 -4,304 -2,460 -486 -3,362 -3,484 -5,594 -21,333 -55,595 -48,735 -48,720 -16,964 2,861 10,548 -684 -4,702 4,259 -3,383 -8,259 -2,831 -4,091 2,494 2,639 -3,315 -12,149 510 -3,766 -5,881 -3,966 Receipts .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 265 387 503 550 688 896 1,130 1,292 1,310 1,238 1,459 1,616 1,690 2,106 3,120 3,594 4,097 4,589 5,081 6,425 6,789 8,049 8,296 10,641 12,109 12,271 14,175 Outlays .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... -2 -10 -13 -14 35 66 89 114 143 210 303 368 427 524 1,277 1,730 2,330 2,912 3,983 4,972 6,016 7,503 8,996 10,850 11,677 13,535 14,964 Surplus or Deficit (-) .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 267 397 516 564 653 830 1,041 1,178 1,167 1,028 1,157 1,248 1,263 1,583 1,843 1,864 1,766 1,677 1,098 1,452 773 546 -700 -209 431 -1,265 -789 Table 1.1 - SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS ( - ): 1789 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Total On-Budget Off-Budget Year 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate Receipts 112,613 116,817 130,835 148,822 152,973 186,882 192,807 187,139 207,309 230,799 263,224 279,090 298,060 81,232 355,559 399,561 463,302 517,112 599,272 617,766 600,562 666,438 734,037 769,155 854,287 909,238 991,104 1,031,958 1,054,988 1,091,208 1,154,334 1,258,566 1,351,790 1,453,053 1,579,232 1,721,728 1,827,452 2,025,191 1,991,082 1,853,136 1,782,314 1,880,114 2,153,611 2,406,869 2,567,985 2,523,991 2,104,989 2,162,706 2,303,466 2,449,990 2,775,106 3,021,491 3,249,887 3,267,961 3,316,182 3,329,904 3,437,656 3,644,772 3,876,864 4,128,632 4,421,452 4,752,521 Outlays 118,528 118,228 134,532 157,464 178,134 183,640 195,649 210,172 230,681 245,707 269,359 332,332 371,792 95,975 409,218 458,746 504,028 590,941 678,241 745,743 808,364 851,805 946,344 990,382 1,004,017 1,064,416 1,143,743 1,252,993 1,324,226 1,381,529 1,409,386 1,461,752 1,515,742 1,560,484 1,601,116 1,652,458 1,701,842 1,788,950 1,862,846 2,010,894 2,159,899 2,292,841 2,471,957 2,655,050 2,728,686 2,982,544 3,517,677 3,457,079 3,603,065 3,526,563 3,454,881 3,506,284 3,691,847 3,852,612 3,981,628 4,109,042 4,529,188 4,745,573 4,945,201 5,177,477 5,330,085 5,452,986 Surplus or Deficit (-) -5,915 -1,411 -3,698 -8,643 -25,161 3,242 -2,842 -23,033 -23,373 -14,908 -6,135 -53,242 -73,732 -14,744 -53,659 -59,185 -40,726 -73,830 -78,968 -127,977 -207,802 -185,367 -212,308 -221,227 -149,730 -155,178 -152,639 -221,036 -269,238 -290,321 -255,051 -203,186 -163,952 -107,431 -21,884 69,270 125,610 236,241 128,236 -157,758 -377,585 -412,727 -318,346 -248,181 -160,701 -458,553 -1,412,688 -1,294,373 -1,299,599 -1,076,573 -679,775 -484,793 -441,960 -584,651 -665,446 -779,138 -1,091,532 -1,100,801 -1,068,337 -1,048,845 -908,633 -700,465 Receipts 96,248 100,094 111,749 124,420 128,056 157,928 159,348 151,294 167,402 184,715 209,299 216,633 231,671 63,216 278,741 314,169 365,309 403,903 469,097 474,299 453,242 500,363 547,866 568,927 640,886 667,747 727,439 750,302 761,103 788,783 842,401 923,541 1,000,711 1,085,561 1,187,242 1,305,929 1,382,984 1,544,607 1,483,563 1,337,815 1,258,472 1,345,369 1,576,135 1,798,487 1,932,896 1,865,945 1,450,980 1,531,019 1,737,678 1,880,489 2,101,832 2,285,926 2,479,515 2,457,781 2,465,564 2,475,157 2,526,542 2,695,492 2,873,530 3,069,893 3,308,108 3,578,638 Outlays 102,794 101,699 114,817 137,040 155,798 158,436 168,042 177,346 193,470 199,961 216,496 270,780 301,098 77,281 328,675 369,585 404,941 477,044 542,956 594,892 660,934 685,632 769,396 806,842 809,243 860,012 932,832 1,027,928 1,082,539 1,129,191 1,142,799 1,182,380 1,227,078 1,259,580 1,290,490 1,335,854 1,381,064 1,458,185 1,516,008 1,655,232 1,796,890 1,913,330 2,069,746 2,232,981 2,275,049 2,507,793 3,000,661 2,902,397 3,104,459 3,018,975 2,821,070 2,800,231 2,948,770 3,077,939 3,180,427 3,260,470 3,620,287 3,777,890 3,916,373 4,082,275 4,165,271 4,213,658 * $500 thousand or less. Note: Budget figures prior to 1933 are based on the "Administrative Budget" concepts rather than the "Unified Budget" concepts. 25 Surplus or Deficit (-) -6,546 -1,605 -3,068 -12,620 -27,742 -507 -8,694 -26,052 -26,068 -15,246 -7,198 -54,148 -69,427 -14,065 -49,933 -55,416 -39,633 -73,141 -73,859 -120,593 -207,692 -185,269 -221,529 -237,915 -168,357 -192,265 -205,393 -277,626 -321,435 -340,408 -300,398 -258,840 -226,367 -174,019 -103,248 -29,925 1,920 86,422 -32,445 -317,417 -538,418 -567,961 -493,611 -434,494 -342,153 -641,848 -1,549,681 -1,371,378 -1,366,781 -1,138,486 -719,238 -514,305 -469,255 -620,158 -714,863 -785,313 -1,093,745 -1,082,398 -1,042,843 -1,012,382 -857,163 -635,020 Receipts 16,366 16,723 19,085 24,401 24,917 28,953 33,459 35,845 39,907 46,084 53,925 62,458 66,389 18,016 76,817 85,391 97,994 113,209 130,176 143,467 147,320 166,075 186,170 200,228 213,401 241,491 263,665 281,655 293,884 302,426 311,934 335,026 351,079 367,492 391,990 415,799 444,468 480,584 507,519 515,321 523,842 534,745 577,476 608,382 635,089 658,046 654,009 631,687 565,788 569,501 673,274 735,565 770,372 810,180 850,618 854,747 911,114 949,280 1,003,334 1,058,739 1,113,344 1,173,883 Outlays 15,734 16,529 19,715 20,424 22,336 25,204 27,607 32,826 37,212 45,746 52,862 61,552 70,695 18,695 80,543 89,161 99,087 113,898 135,285 150,851 147,430 166,173 176,949 183,540 194,774 204,404 210,911 225,065 241,687 252,338 266,587 279,372 288,664 300,904 310,626 316,604 320,778 330,765 346,838 355,662 363,009 379,511 402,211 422,069 453,637 474,751 517,016 554,682 498,606 507,588 633,811 706,053 743,077 774,673 801,201 848,572 908,901 967,683 1,028,828 1,095,202 1,164,814 1,239,328 Surplus or Deficit (-) 632 194 -630 3,978 2,581 3,749 5,852 3,019 2,695 338 1,063 906 -4,306 -679 -3,726 -3,770 -1,093 -689 -5,109 -7,384 -110 -98 9,222 16,688 18,627 37,087 52,754 56,590 52,198 50,087 45,347 55,654 62,415 66,588 81,364 99,195 123,690 149,819 160,681 159,659 160,833 155,234 175,265 186,313 181,452 183,295 136,993 77,005 67,182 61,913 39,463 29,512 27,295 35,507 49,417 6,175 2,213 -18,403 -25,494 -36,463 -51,470 -65,445 Table 1.2 - SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS ( - ) AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1930 - 2024 Total On-Budget Off-Budget GDP (in Year 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 billions of dollars) 98.4 84.8 68.5 58.3 62.0 70.5 79.6 88.9 90.2 90.4 98.2 116.2 147.7 184.6 213.8 226.4 228.0 238.9 261.9 276.5 278.7 327.0 357.1 382.0 387.2 406.3 438.2 463.4 473.5 504.6 534.3 546.6 585.7 618.2 661.7 709.3 780.5 836.5 897.6 980.3 1,046.7 1,116.6 1,216.2 1,352.7 1,482.8 1,606.9 1,786.1 471.6 2,024.3 2,273.4 2,565.6 2,791.9 3,133.2 3,313.4 3,536.0 3,949.2 4,265.1 4,526.2 4,767.6 5,138.6 5,554.7 5,898.8 6,093.2 6,416.2 6,775.3 7,176.8 7,560.4 Receipts 4.1 3.7 2.8 3.4 4.8 5.1 4.9 6.1 7.5 7.0 6.7 7.5 9.9 13.0 20.5 19.9 17.2 16.1 15.9 14.3 14.2 15.8 18.5 18.2 18.0 16.1 17.0 17.3 16.8 15.7 17.3 17.3 17.0 17.2 17.0 16.5 16.8 17.8 17.0 19.1 18.4 16.8 17.0 17.1 17.8 17.4 16.7 17.2 17.6 17.6 18.1 18.5 19.1 18.6 17.0 16.9 17.2 17.0 17.9 17.7 17.8 17.5 17.3 17.0 17.0 17.5 17.9 Outlays 3.4 4.2 6.8 7.9 10.6 9.1 10.3 8.5 7.6 10.1 9.6 11.7 23.8 42.6 42.7 41.0 24.2 14.4 11.4 14.0 15.3 13.9 19.0 19.9 18.3 16.8 16.1 16.5 17.4 18.3 17.3 17.9 18.2 18.0 17.9 16.7 17.2 18.8 19.8 18.7 18.7 18.8 19.0 18.2 18.2 20.7 20.8 20.3 20.2 20.2 19.6 21.2 21.6 22.5 22.9 21.6 22.2 21.9 21.1 20.7 20.6 21.2 21.7 21.5 20.8 20.4 20.0 Surplus or Deficit (-) Receipts 0.8 -0.5 -4.0 -4.5 -5.8 -4.0 -5.4 -2.5 -0.1 -3.1 -3.0 -4.3 -13.9 -29.6 -22.2 -21.0 -7.0 1.7 4.5 0.2 -1.1 1.9 -0.4 -1.7 -0.3 -0.7 0.9 0.7 -0.6 -2.5 0.1 -0.6 -1.2 -0.8 -0.9 -0.2 -0.5 -1.0 -2.8 0.3 -0.3 -2.1 -1.9 -1.1 -0.4 -3.3 -4.1 -3.1 -2.7 -2.6 -1.6 -2.6 -2.5 -3.9 -5.9 -4.7 -5.0 -4.9 -3.1 -3.0 -2.7 -3.7 -4.4 -4.5 -3.8 -2.8 -2.2 4.1 3.7 2.8 3.4 4.8 5.1 4.9 5.8 7.1 6.4 6.1 6.9 9.3 12.4 19.9 19.4 16.7 15.5 15.3 13.6 13.4 14.8 17.5 17.1 16.8 14.9 15.6 15.8 15.1 14.1 15.3 15.1 14.9 14.9 14.5 14.1 14.3 14.9 14.3 16.1 15.2 13.6 13.8 13.7 14.1 13.5 13.0 13.4 13.8 13.8 14.2 14.5 15.0 14.3 12.8 12.7 12.8 12.6 13.4 13.0 13.1 12.7 12.5 12.3 12.4 12.9 13.2 26 Outlays 3.4 4.2 6.8 7.9 10.6 9.1 10.3 8.5 7.6 10.1 9.7 11.7 23.7 42.5 42.7 40.9 24.1 14.3 11.2 13.9 15.1 13.5 18.5 19.3 17.5 15.9 15.0 15.2 15.8 16.5 15.2 15.7 15.9 15.6 15.5 14.3 14.7 16.4 17.4 16.2 16.1 15.9 15.9 14.8 14.6 16.9 16.9 16.4 16.2 16.3 15.8 17.1 17.3 18.0 18.7 17.4 18.0 17.8 17.0 16.7 16.8 17.4 17.8 17.6 16.9 16.5 16.2 Surplus or Deficit (-) 0.8 -0.5 -4.0 -4.5 -5.8 -4.0 -5.4 -2.8 -0.5 -3.7 -3.5 -4.8 -14.4 -30.1 -22.8 -21.5 -7.4 1.2 4.0 -0.2 -1.7 1.3 -0.9 -2.2 -0.7 -1.0 0.6 0.6 -0.7 -2.4 0.1 -0.7 -1.0 -0.6 -1.0 -0.2 -0.4 -1.5 -3.1 -0.1 -0.8 -2.3 -2.1 -1.1 -0.5 -3.4 -3.9 -3.0 -2.5 -2.4 -1.5 -2.6 -2.4 -3.6 -5.9 -4.7 -5.2 -5.3 -3.5 -3.7 -3.7 -4.7 -5.3 -5.3 -4.4 -3.6 -3.0 Receipts .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.6 Outlays .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... -* -* -* -* * * * 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 Surplus or Deficit (-) .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -* 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 * -0.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 * 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -* -* -0.2 -0.2 -* -* 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 Table 1.2 - SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS ( - ) AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1930 - 2024 Total On-Budget Off-Budget GDP (in Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate billions of dollars) 7,951.3 8,451.0 8,930.8 9,479.4 10,117.4 10,526.5 10,833.6 11,283.8 12,025.4 12,834.2 13,638.4 14,290.8 14,743.3 14,431.8 14,838.8 15,403.7 16,056.4 16,603.8 17,332.9 18,090.3 18,551.0 19,272.2 20,235.9 21,288.9 22,409.7 23,557.8 24,753.3 26,006.8 27,325.7 Receipts 18.3 18.7 19.3 19.3 20.0 18.9 17.1 15.8 15.6 16.8 17.6 18.0 17.1 14.6 14.6 15.0 15.3 16.7 17.4 18.0 17.6 17.2 16.5 16.1 16.3 16.5 16.7 17.0 17.4 Outlays 19.6 18.9 18.5 18.0 17.7 17.7 18.6 19.1 19.1 19.3 19.5 19.1 20.2 24.4 23.3 23.4 22.0 20.8 20.2 20.4 20.8 20.7 20.3 21.3 21.2 21.0 20.9 20.5 20.0 Surplus or Deficit (-) Receipts -1.4 -0.3 0.8 1.3 2.3 1.2 -1.5 -3.3 -3.4 -2.5 -1.8 -1.1 -3.1 -9.8 -8.7 -8.4 -6.7 -4.1 -2.8 -2.4 -3.2 -3.5 -3.8 -5.1 -4.9 -4.5 -4.2 -3.5 -2.6 13.7 14.0 14.6 14.6 15.3 14.1 12.3 11.2 11.2 12.3 13.2 13.5 12.7 10.1 10.3 11.3 11.7 12.7 13.2 13.7 13.2 12.8 12.2 11.9 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.7 13.1 * 0.05 percent or less. Note: Budget figures prior to 1933 are based on the "Administrative Budget" concepts rather than the "Unified Budget" concepts. 27 Outlays 15.8 15.3 15.0 14.6 14.4 14.4 15.3 15.9 15.9 16.1 16.4 15.9 17.0 20.8 19.6 20.2 18.8 17.0 16.2 16.3 16.6 16.5 16.1 17.0 16.9 16.6 16.5 16.0 15.4 Surplus or Deficit (-) -2.2 -1.2 -0.3 * 0.9 -0.3 -2.9 -4.8 -4.7 -3.8 -3.2 -2.4 -4.4 -10.7 -9.2 -8.9 -7.1 -4.3 -3.0 -2.6 -3.3 -3.7 -3.9 -5.1 -4.8 -4.4 -4.1 -3.3 -2.3 Receipts 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.3 3.7 3.5 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 Outlays 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 Surplus or Deficit (-) 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 * * -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 Table 1.3 - SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS ( - ) IN CURRENT DOLLARS, CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS, AND AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1940 - 2024 (dollar amounts in billions) In Constant (FY 2012) Dollars As Percentages of GDP In Current Dollars Addendum: Fiscal Year 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Receipts 6.5 8.7 14.6 24.0 43.7 45.2 39.3 38.5 41.6 39.4 39.4 51.6 66.2 69.6 69.7 65.5 74.6 80.0 79.6 79.2 92.5 94.4 99.7 106.6 112.6 116.8 130.8 148.8 153.0 186.9 192.8 187.1 207.3 230.8 263.2 279.1 298.1 81.2 355.6 399.6 463.3 517.1 599.3 617.8 600.6 666.4 734.0 769.2 854.3 909.2 991.1 1,032.0 1,055.0 1,091.2 1,154.3 1,258.6 1,351.8 1,453.1 1,579.2 Outlays 9.5 13.7 35.1 78.6 91.3 92.7 55.2 34.5 29.8 38.8 42.6 45.5 67.7 76.1 70.9 68.4 70.6 76.6 82.4 92.1 92.2 97.7 106.8 111.3 118.5 118.2 134.5 157.5 178.1 183.6 195.6 210.2 230.7 245.7 269.4 332.3 371.8 96.0 409.2 458.7 504.0 590.9 678.2 745.7 808.4 851.8 946.3 990.4 1,004.0 1,064.4 1,143.7 1,253.0 1,324.2 1,381.5 1,409.4 1,461.8 1,515.7 1,560.5 1,601.1 Surplus or Deficit (-) -2.9 -4.9 -20.5 -54.6 -47.6 -47.6 -15.9 4.0 11.8 0.6 -3.1 6.1 -1.5 -6.5 -1.2 -3.0 3.9 3.4 -2.8 -12.8 0.3 -3.3 -7.1 -4.8 -5.9 -1.4 -3.7 -8.6 -25.2 3.2 -2.8 -23.0 -23.4 -14.9 -6.1 -53.2 -73.7 -14.7 -53.7 -59.2 -40.7 -73.8 -79.0 -128.0 -207.8 -185.4 -212.3 -221.2 -149.7 -155.2 -152.6 -221.0 -269.2 -290.3 -255.1 -203.2 -164.0 -107.4 -21.9 Receipts 100.3 120.3 177.8 263.2 522.7 572.4 495.5 429.4 445.9 439.9 418.7 545.0 700.9 685.8 665.7 605.5 660.1 674.5 634.0 605.9 696.5 695.1 733.4 751.5 781.5 799.6 871.7 970.2 962.1 1,105.2 1,080.2 980.3 1,019.7 1,085.6 1,142.5 1,104.0 1,100.3 292.6 1,223.5 1,293.9 1,380.5 1,393.5 1,453.8 1,391.7 1,289.6 1,365.7 1,451.0 1,489.2 1,607.6 1,654.1 1,734.5 1,755.0 1,717.4 1,706.9 1,753.8 1,879.0 1,960.0 2,063.4 2,196.4 Outlays 145.0 188.6 426.9 861.3 1,090.8 1,175.1 696.5 384.6 319.4 433.4 451.8 480.6 717.0 749.8 676.7 633.2 625.1 645.7 656.1 704.1 694.2 719.6 786.0 785.0 822.5 809.2 896.3 1,026.5 1,120.3 1,086.0 1,096.1 1,101.0 1,134.7 1,155.7 1,169.1 1,314.6 1,372.4 345.7 1,408.2 1,485.6 1,501.9 1,592.4 1,645.4 1,680.0 1,735.8 1,745.5 1,870.6 1,917.5 1,889.4 1,936.4 2,001.7 2,130.9 2,155.7 2,161.0 2,141.3 2,182.4 2,197.7 2,216.0 2,226.9 28 Surplus or Deficit (-) -44.7 -68.2 -249.1 -598.2 -568.2 -602.7 -201.0 44.8 126.6 6.5 -33.1 64.4 -16.1 -64.0 -11.0 -27.7 34.9 28.8 -22.0 -98.2 2.3 -24.6 -52.6 -33.5 -41.0 -9.7 -24.6 -56.3 -158.2 19.2 -15.9 -120.7 -115.0 -70.1 -26.6 -210.6 -272.2 -53.1 -184.7 -191.7 -121.4 -198.9 -191.6 -288.3 -446.2 -379.9 -419.7 -428.3 -281.8 -282.3 -267.1 -375.9 -438.3 -454.1 -387.5 -303.4 -237.7 -152.6 -30.4 Composite Deflator 0.0653 0.0724 0.0823 0.0912 0.0837 0.0789 0.0793 0.0897 0.0932 0.0896 0.0942 0.0947 0.0944 0.1015 0.1047 0.1081 0.1130 0.1186 0.1256 0.1308 0.1328 0.1358 0.1359 0.1418 0.1441 0.1461 0.1501 0.1534 0.1590 0.1691 0.1785 0.1909 0.2033 0.2126 0.2304 0.2528 0.2709 0.2776 0.2906 0.3088 0.3356 0.3711 0.4122 0.4439 0.4657 0.4880 0.5059 0.5165 0.5314 0.5497 0.5714 0.5880 0.6143 0.6393 0.6582 0.6698 0.6897 0.7042 0.7190 Receipts 6.7 7.5 9.9 13.0 20.5 19.9 17.2 16.1 15.9 14.3 14.2 15.8 18.5 18.2 18.0 16.1 17.0 17.3 16.8 15.7 17.3 17.3 17.0 17.2 17.0 16.5 16.8 17.8 17.0 19.1 18.4 16.8 17.0 17.1 17.8 17.4 16.7 17.2 17.6 17.6 18.1 18.5 19.1 18.6 17.0 16.9 17.2 17.0 17.9 17.7 17.8 17.5 17.3 17.0 17.0 17.5 17.9 18.3 18.7 Outlays 9.6 11.7 23.8 42.6 42.7 41.0 24.2 14.4 11.4 14.0 15.3 13.9 19.0 19.9 18.3 16.8 16.1 16.5 17.4 18.3 17.3 17.9 18.2 18.0 17.9 16.7 17.2 18.8 19.8 18.7 18.7 18.8 19.0 18.2 18.2 20.7 20.8 20.3 20.2 20.2 19.6 21.2 21.6 22.5 22.9 21.6 22.2 21.9 21.1 20.7 20.6 21.2 21.7 21.5 20.8 20.4 20.0 19.6 18.9 Surplus or Deficit (-) -3.0 -4.3 -13.9 -29.6 -22.2 -21.0 -7.0 1.7 4.5 0.2 -1.1 1.9 -0.4 -1.7 -0.3 -0.7 0.9 0.7 -0.6 -2.5 0.1 -0.6 -1.2 -0.8 -0.9 -0.2 -0.5 -1.0 -2.8 0.3 -0.3 -2.1 -1.9 -1.1 -0.4 -3.3 -4.1 -3.1 -2.7 -2.6 -1.6 -2.6 -2.5 -3.9 -5.9 -4.7 -5.0 -4.9 -3.1 -3.0 -2.7 -3.7 -4.4 -4.5 -3.8 -2.8 -2.2 -1.4 -0.3 Table 1.3 - SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS ( - ) IN CURRENT DOLLARS, CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS, AND AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1940 - 2024 (dollar amounts in billions) In Constant (FY 2012) Dollars As Percentages of GDP In Current Dollars Addendum: Fiscal Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate Receipts 1,721.7 1,827.5 2,025.2 1,991.1 1,853.1 1,782.3 1,880.1 2,153.6 2,406.9 2,568.0 2,524.0 2,105.0 2,162.7 2,303.5 2,450.0 2,775.1 3,021.5 3,249.9 3,268.0 3,316.2 3,329.9 3,437.7 3,644.8 3,876.9 4,128.6 4,421.5 4,752.5 Outlays 1,652.5 1,701.8 1,789.0 1,862.8 2,010.9 2,159.9 2,292.8 2,472.0 2,655.0 2,728.7 2,982.5 3,517.7 3,457.1 3,603.1 3,526.6 3,454.9 3,506.3 3,691.8 3,852.6 3,981.6 4,109.0 4,529.2 4,745.6 4,945.2 5,177.5 5,330.1 5,453.0 Surplus or Deficit (-) 69.3 125.6 236.2 128.2 -157.8 -377.6 -412.7 -318.3 -248.2 -160.7 -458.6 -1,412.7 -1,294.4 -1,299.6 -1,076.6 -679.8 -484.8 -442.0 -584.7 -665.4 -779.1 -1,091.5 -1,100.8 -1,068.3 -1,048.8 -908.6 -700.5 Receipts 2,374.8 2,490.1 2,691.3 2,578.5 2,363.4 2,210.2 2,272.3 2,516.5 2,718.4 2,822.3 2,681.1 2,236.3 2,257.3 2,349.3 2,450.0 2,736.3 2,932.9 3,137.6 3,133.2 3,126.4 3,062.8 3,093.9 3,209.3 3,339.8 3,479.1 3,644.8 3,833.0 Outlays 2,279.3 2,318.9 2,377.3 2,412.4 2,564.6 2,678.4 2,771.1 2,888.5 2,998.7 2,998.9 3,168.2 3,737.0 3,608.3 3,674.7 3,526.6 3,406.5 3,403.5 3,564.2 3,693.8 3,753.8 3,779.5 4,076.3 4,178.5 4,260.2 4,362.9 4,393.8 4,397.9 29 Surplus or Deficit (-) 95.5 171.2 313.9 166.1 -201.2 -468.2 -498.8 -372.0 -280.3 -176.6 -487.1 -1,500.8 -1,351.0 -1,325.4 -1,076.6 -670.3 -470.6 -426.7 -560.5 -627.4 -716.6 -982.4 -969.3 -920.3 -883.8 -749.0 -564.9 Composite Deflator 0.7250 0.7339 0.7525 0.7722 0.7841 0.8064 0.8274 0.8558 0.8854 0.9099 0.9414 0.9413 0.9581 0.9805 1.0000 1.0142 1.0302 1.0358 1.0430 1.0607 1.0872 1.1111 1.1357 1.1608 1.1867 1.2131 1.2399 Receipts 19.3 19.3 20.0 18.9 17.1 15.8 15.6 16.8 17.6 18.0 17.1 14.6 14.6 15.0 15.3 16.7 17.4 18.0 17.6 17.2 16.5 16.1 16.3 16.5 16.7 17.0 17.4 Outlays 18.5 18.0 17.7 17.7 18.6 19.1 19.1 19.3 19.5 19.1 20.2 24.4 23.3 23.4 22.0 20.8 20.2 20.4 20.8 20.7 20.3 21.3 21.2 21.0 20.9 20.5 20.0 Surplus or Deficit (-) 0.8 1.3 2.3 1.2 -1.5 -3.3 -3.4 -2.5 -1.8 -1.1 -3.1 -9.8 -8.7 -8.4 -6.7 -4.1 -2.8 -2.4 -3.2 -3.5 -3.9 -5.1 -4.9 -4.5 -4.2 -3.5 -2.6 Table 1.4 - RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS ( - ) BY FUND GROUP: 1934 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Receipts Fiscal Year 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total Federal Funds 2,955 3,609 3,923 5,387 6,751 6,295 6,548 8,712 14,634 24,001 43,747 45,159 39,296 38,514 41,560 39,415 39,443 51,616 66,167 69,608 69,701 65,451 74,587 79,990 79,636 79,249 92,492 94,388 99,676 106,560 112,613 116,817 130,835 148,822 152,973 186,882 192,807 187,139 207,309 230,799 263,224 279,090 298,060 81,232 355,559 399,561 463,302 517,112 599,272 617,766 600,562 666,438 734,037 769,155 854,287 909,238 991,104 1,031,958 1,054,988 1,091,208 1,154,334 1,258,566 1,351,790 1,453,053 1,579,232 1,721,728 1,827,452 2,025,191 2,926 3,578 3,871 4,794 5,477 4,822 4,929 6,900 12,336 21,117 40,466 41,875 36,357 35,380 37,822 35,849 35,334 46,183 59,989 63,085 62,774 58,168 65,594 68,847 66,720 65,800 75,647 75,175 79,700 84,013 87,511 90,943 101,428 111,835 114,726 143,322 143,159 133,785 148,846 161,357 181,228 187,505 201,099 54,085 241,312 270,490 316,366 350,856 410,422 409,253 382,432 420,391 460,307 474,123 538,705 561,446 615,320 635,937 641,618 656,339 705,523 775,095 838,922 917,242 1,010,435 1,113,614 1,164,569 1,325,979 Outlays Trust Funds 72 76 168 691 1,474 1,657 1,845 2,090 2,613 3,279 3,896 5,045 5,144 4,885 4,894 4,750 5,823 6,729 7,744 8,080 8,297 8,627 10,745 13,210 15,082 15,770 19,232 22,320 22,981 25,792 28,461 29,202 32,959 42,213 44,011 51,108 58,425 64,937 71,619 90,767 103,789 117,647 132,509 31,625 151,503 166,468 188,072 212,106 240,601 270,138 319,363 338,621 397,452 423,319 444,141 491,138 535,858 566,820 603,813 636,010 671,382 693,888 728,897 775,631 818,167 870,750 937,411 994,930 Interfund Transactions -42 -45 -116 -99 -201 -184 -225 -277 -315 -395 -615 -1,760 -2,205 -1,751 -1,156 -1,184 -1,715 -1,296 -1,566 -1,557 -1,370 -1,344 -1,753 -2,067 -2,166 -2,321 -2,387 -3,107 -3,005 -3,245 -3,358 -3,328 -3,552 -5,227 -5,764 -7,549 -8,777 -11,583 -13,156 -21,325 -21,793 -26,061 -35,548 -4,478 -37,256 -37,397 -41,136 -45,850 -51,751 -61,625 -101,233 -92,574 -123,723 -128,287 -128,559 -143,346 -160,073 -170,799 -190,443 -201,141 -222,571 -210,416 -216,029 -239,820 -249,370 -262,636 -274,528 -295,718 Total Federal Funds 6,541 6,412 8,228 7,580 6,840 9,141 9,468 13,653 35,137 78,555 91,304 92,712 55,232 34,496 29,764 38,835 42,562 45,514 67,686 76,101 70,855 68,444 70,640 76,578 82,405 92,098 92,191 97,723 106,821 111,316 118,528 118,228 134,532 157,464 178,134 183,640 195,649 210,172 230,681 245,707 269,359 332,332 371,792 95,975 409,218 458,746 504,028 590,941 678,241 745,743 808,364 851,805 946,344 990,382 1,004,017 1,064,416 1,143,743 1,252,993 1,324,226 1,381,529 1,409,386 1,461,752 1,515,742 1,560,484 1,601,116 1,652,458 1,701,842 1,788,950 6,558 6,427 8,335 7,620 6,689 8,718 8,974 13,260 34,831 78,765 92,284 94,846 56,204 34,803 28,988 37,686 38,389 43,732 64,994 73,006 65,924 62,341 64,281 67,189 69,737 77,071 74,856 79,368 86,546 90,643 96,098 94,853 106,592 127,544 143,100 148,192 156,327 163,681 178,142 187,040 201,372 248,169 277,236 66,878 304,467 342,366 375,427 433,487 496,213 543,473 613,306 638,663 726,764 757,243 761,053 814,348 891,441 977,118 1,022,590 1,042,678 1,060,960 1,073,602 1,102,133 1,139,294 1,158,261 1,205,541 1,251,689 1,324,350 30 Surplus or Deficit (-) Trust Funds 25 30 9 58 351 607 720 671 620 185 -365 -374 1,234 1,444 1,932 2,333 5,888 3,078 4,257 4,652 6,301 7,447 8,111 11,456 14,834 17,348 19,722 21,462 23,280 23,918 25,788 26,703 31,492 35,147 40,799 42,996 48,099 58,074 65,695 79,993 89,780 110,225 130,104 33,576 142,007 153,777 169,737 203,304 233,778 263,894 296,291 305,716 343,304 361,426 371,523 393,414 412,375 446,674 492,079 539,992 570,997 598,566 629,638 661,010 692,225 709,553 724,681 760,318 Interfund Transactions -42 -45 -116 -99 -201 -184 -225 -277 -315 -395 -615 -1,760 -2,205 -1,751 -1,156 -1,184 -1,715 -1,296 -1,566 -1,557 -1,370 -1,344 -1,753 -2,067 -2,166 -2,321 -2,387 -3,107 -3,005 -3,245 -3,358 -3,328 -3,552 -5,227 -5,764 -7,549 -8,777 -11,583 -13,156 -21,325 -21,793 -26,061 -35,548 -4,478 -37,256 -37,397 -41,136 -45,850 -51,751 -61,625 -101,233 -92,574 -123,723 -128,287 -128,559 -143,346 -160,073 -170,799 -190,443 -201,141 -222,571 -210,416 -216,029 -239,820 -249,370 -262,636 -274,528 -295,718 Total -3,586 -2,803 -4,304 -2,193 -89 -2,846 -2,920 -4,941 -20,503 -54,554 -47,557 -47,553 -15,936 4,018 11,796 580 -3,119 6,102 -1,519 -6,493 -1,154 -2,993 3,947 3,412 -2,769 -12,849 301 -3,335 -7,146 -4,756 -5,915 -1,411 -3,698 -8,643 -25,161 3,242 -2,842 -23,033 -23,373 -14,908 -6,135 -53,242 -73,732 -14,744 -53,659 -59,185 -40,726 -73,830 -78,968 -127,977 -207,802 -185,367 -212,308 -221,227 -149,730 -155,178 -152,639 -221,036 -269,238 -290,321 -255,051 -203,186 -163,952 -107,431 -21,884 69,270 125,610 236,241 Federal Funds -3,633 -2,849 -4,464 -2,826 -1,212 -3,896 -4,045 -6,360 -22,496 -57,648 -51,818 -52,972 -19,847 577 8,834 -1,838 -3,055 2,451 -5,005 -9,921 -3,151 -4,173 1,313 1,657 -3,017 -11,271 791 -4,193 -6,847 -6,630 -8,588 -3,910 -5,165 -15,709 -28,373 -4,871 -13,168 -29,896 -29,296 -25,683 -20,144 -60,664 -76,138 -12,793 -63,155 -71,876 -59,061 -82,632 -85,791 -134,221 -230,874 -218,272 -266,457 -283,120 -222,348 -252,902 -276,122 -341,181 -380,971 -386,338 -355,436 -298,508 -263,211 -222,052 -147,826 -91,927 -87,120 1,629 Trust Funds 47 46 159 633 1,124 1,051 1,125 1,419 1,992 3,094 4,261 5,419 3,910 3,441 2,962 2,417 -65 3,651 3,486 3,427 1,997 1,180 2,634 1,755 248 -1,578 -490 858 -299 1,874 2,673 2,499 1,467 7,066 3,212 8,112 10,326 6,863 5,924 10,774 14,009 7,422 2,405 -1,951 9,495 12,691 18,335 8,802 6,823 6,244 23,072 32,905 54,149 61,893 72,618 97,724 123,483 120,145 111,733 96,018 100,385 95,322 99,259 114,621 125,942 161,197 212,730 234,612 Table 1.4 - RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS ( - ) BY FUND GROUP: 1934 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Receipts Fiscal Year Total Federal Funds Trust Funds Outlays Interfund Transactions Federal Funds Total Trust Funds Surplus or Deficit (-) Interfund Transactions 2001 1,991,082 1,256,733 1,049,170 -314,821 1,862,846 1,357,246 820,421 -314,821 2002 1,853,136 1,109,164 1,087,208 -343,236 2,010,894 1,469,320 884,810 -343,236 2003 1,782,314 1,025,357 1,101,632 -344,675 2,159,899 1,581,334 923,240 -344,675 2004 1,880,114 1,101,077 1,146,806 -367,769 2,292,841 1,706,442 954,168 -367,769 2005 2,153,611 1,310,397 1,248,093 -404,879 2,471,957 1,865,490 1,011,346 -404,879 2006 2,406,869 1,517,766 1,361,411 -472,308 2,655,050 2,055,037 1,072,321 -472,308 2007 2,567,985 1,661,404 1,424,386 -517,805 2,728,686 2,070,799 1,175,692 -517,805 2008 2,523,991 1,571,828 1,500,077 -547,914 2,982,544 2,296,449 1,234,009 -547,914 2009 2,104,989 1,166,960 1,531,434 -593,405 3,517,677 2,706,938 1,404,144 -593,405 2010 2,162,706 1,248,560 1,610,887 -696,741 3,457,079 2,666,265 1,487,555 -696,741 2011 2,303,466 1,431,513 1,623,196 -751,243 3,603,065 2,828,262 1,526,046 -751,243 2012 2,449,990 1,545,686 1,621,949 -717,645 3,526,563 2,712,123 1,532,085 -717,645 2013 2,775,106 1,769,334 1,672,939 -667,167 3,454,881 2,535,496 1,586,552 -667,167 2014 3,021,491 1,937,314 1,745,463 -661,286 3,506,284 2,550,655 1,616,915 -661,286 2015 3,249,887 2,122,606 1,783,741 -656,460 3,691,847 2,676,135 1,672,172 -656,460 2016 3,267,961 2,089,886 1,944,157 -766,082 3,852,612 2,859,283 1,759,411 -766,082 2017 3,316,182 2,089,662 1,948,411 -721,891 3,981,628 2,908,730 1,794,789 -721,891 2018 3,329,904 2,091,971 1,978,683 -740,750 4,109,042 3,025,271 1,824,521 -740,750 2019 estimate 3,437,656 2,127,210 2,074,052 -763,606 4,529,188 3,328,143 1,964,651 -763,606 2020 estimate 3,644,772 2,281,264 2,173,331 -809,823 4,745,573 3,486,767 2,068,629 -809,823 2021 estimate 3,876,864 2,437,310 2,285,549 -845,995 4,945,201 3,607,353 2,183,843 -845,995 2022 estimate 4,128,632 2,611,284 2,406,204 -888,856 5,177,477 3,721,477 2,344,856 -888,856 2023 estimate 4,421,452 2,828,339 2,528,415 -935,302 5,330,085 3,829,953 2,435,434 -935,302 2024 estimate 4,752,521 3,071,997 2,670,050 -989,526 5,452,986 3,910,627 2,531,885 -989,526 Note: Receipts and outlays have been adjusted in this table by including interfund offsetting receipts of federal funds and trust funds in each fund's receipt totals and excluding them from the outlay totals 31 Total 128,236 -157,758 -377,585 -412,727 -318,346 -248,181 -160,701 -458,553 -1,412,688 -1,294,373 -1,299,599 -1,076,573 -679,775 -484,793 -441,960 -584,651 -665,446 -779,138 -1,091,532 -1,100,801 -1,068,337 -1,048,845 -908,633 -700,465 Federal Funds -100,513 -360,156 -555,977 -605,365 -555,093 -537,271 -409,395 -724,621 -1,539,978 -1,417,705 -1,396,749 -1,166,437 -766,162 -613,341 -553,529 -769,397 -819,068 -933,300 -1,200,933 -1,205,503 -1,170,043 -1,110,193 -1,001,614 -838,630 Trust Funds 228,749 202,398 178,392 192,638 236,747 289,090 248,694 266,068 127,290 123,332 97,150 89,864 86,387 128,548 111,569 184,746 153,622 154,162 109,401 104,702 101,706 61,348 92,981 138,165 Table 2.1 - RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Fiscal Year 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Individual Corporation Income Income Taxes Taxes (1) 420 527 674 1,092 1,286 1,029 892 1,314 3,263 6,505 19,705 18,372 16,098 17,935 19,315 15,552 15,755 21,616 27,934 29,816 29,542 28,747 32,188 35,620 34,724 36,719 40,715 41,338 45,571 47,588 48,697 48,792 55,446 61,526 68,726 87,249 90,412 86,230 94,737 103,246 118,952 122,386 131,603 38,801 157,626 180,988 217,841 244,069 285,917 297,744 288,938 298,415 334,531 348,959 392,557 401,181 445,690 466,884 467,827 475,964 509,680 543,055 364 529 719 1,038 1,287 1,127 1,197 2,124 4,719 9,557 14,838 15,988 11,883 8,615 9,678 11,192 10,449 14,101 21,226 21,238 21,101 17,861 20,880 21,167 20,074 17,309 21,494 20,954 20,523 21,579 23,493 25,461 30,073 33,971 28,665 36,678 32,829 26,785 32,166 36,153 38,620 40,621 41,409 8,460 54,892 59,952 65,677 64,600 61,137 49,207 37,022 56,893 61,331 63,143 83,926 94,508 103,291 93,507 98,086 100,270 117,520 140,385 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (2) Total 30 31 52 580 1,541 1,593 1,785 1,940 2,452 3,044 3,473 3,451 3,115 3,422 3,751 3,781 4,338 5,674 6,445 6,820 7,208 7,862 9,320 9,997 11,239 11,722 14,683 16,439 17,046 19,804 21,963 22,242 25,546 32,619 33,923 39,015 44,362 47,325 52,574 63,115 75,071 84,534 90,769 25,219 106,485 120,967 138,939 157,803 182,720 201,498 208,994 239,376 265,163 283,901 303,318 334,335 359,416 380,047 396,015 413,688 428,299 461,475 (On Budget) (Off Budget) 30 31 52 315 1,154 1,090 1,235 1,252 1,557 1,913 2,181 2,141 1,877 1,963 2,134 2,091 2,232 2,554 2,851 2,723 2,619 2,781 2,896 3,208 3,190 3,427 4,042 4,331 4,776 5,629 5,597 5,519 6,460 8,217 9,007 10,062 10,903 11,481 12,667 17,031 21,146 22,077 24,381 7,203 29,668 35,576 40,945 44,594 52,545 58,031 61,674 73,301 78,992 83,673 89,916 92,845 95,751 98,392 102,131 111,263 116,366 126,450 .......... .......... .......... 265 387 503 550 688 896 1,130 1,292 1,310 1,238 1,459 1,616 1,690 2,106 3,120 3,594 4,097 4,589 5,081 6,425 6,789 8,049 8,296 10,641 12,109 12,271 14,175 16,366 16,723 19,085 24,401 24,917 28,953 33,459 35,845 39,907 46,084 53,925 62,458 66,389 18,016 76,817 85,391 97,994 113,209 130,176 143,467 147,320 166,075 186,170 200,228 213,401 241,491 263,665 281,655 293,884 302,426 311,934 335,026 32 Excise Taxes (2) 1,354 1,439 1,631 1,876 1,863 1,871 1,977 2,552 3,399 4,096 4,759 6,265 6,998 7,211 7,356 7,502 7,550 8,648 8,852 9,877 9,945 9,131 9,929 10,534 10,638 10,578 11,676 11,860 12,534 13,194 13,731 14,570 13,062 13,719 14,079 15,222 15,705 16,614 15,477 16,260 16,844 16,551 16,963 4,473 17,548 18,376 18,745 24,329 40,839 36,311 35,300 37,361 35,992 32,919 32,457 35,227 34,386 35,345 42,402 45,569 48,057 55,225 Total Receipts Other (3) Total 788 1,084 847 801 773 675 698 781 801 800 972 1,083 1,202 1,331 1,461 1,388 1,351 1,578 1,710 1,857 1,905 1,850 2,270 2,672 2,961 2,921 3,923 3,796 4,001 4,395 4,731 5,753 6,708 6,987 7,580 8,718 9,499 10,185 12,355 12,026 13,737 14,998 17,317 4,279 19,008 19,278 22,101 26,311 28,659 33,006 30,309 34,392 37,020 40,233 42,029 43,987 48,321 56,174 50,657 55,717 50,778 58,427 2,955 3,609 3,923 5,387 6,751 6,295 6,548 8,712 14,634 24,001 43,747 45,159 39,296 38,514 41,560 39,415 39,443 51,616 66,167 69,608 69,701 65,451 74,587 79,990 79,636 79,249 92,492 94,388 99,676 106,560 112,613 116,817 130,835 148,822 152,973 186,882 192,807 187,139 207,309 230,799 263,224 279,090 298,060 81,232 355,559 399,561 463,302 517,112 599,272 617,766 600,562 666,438 734,037 769,155 854,287 909,238 991,104 1,031,958 1,054,988 1,091,208 1,154,334 1,258,566 (On Budget) 2,955 3,609 3,923 5,122 6,364 5,792 5,998 8,024 13,738 22,871 42,455 43,849 38,057 37,055 39,944 37,724 37,336 48,496 62,573 65,511 65,112 60,370 68,162 73,201 71,587 70,953 81,851 82,279 87,405 92,385 96,248 100,094 111,749 124,420 128,056 157,928 159,348 151,294 167,402 184,715 209,299 216,633 231,671 63,216 278,741 314,169 365,309 403,903 469,097 474,299 453,242 500,363 547,866 568,927 640,886 667,747 727,439 750,302 761,103 788,783 842,401 923,541 (Off Budget) .......... .......... .......... 265 387 503 550 688 896 1,130 1,292 1,310 1,238 1,459 1,616 1,690 2,106 3,120 3,594 4,097 4,589 5,081 6,425 6,789 8,049 8,296 10,641 12,109 12,271 14,175 16,366 16,723 19,085 24,401 24,917 28,953 33,459 35,845 39,907 46,084 53,925 62,458 66,389 18,016 76,817 85,391 97,994 113,209 130,176 143,467 147,320 166,075 186,170 200,228 213,401 241,491 263,665 281,655 293,884 302,426 311,934 335,026 Table 2.1 - RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Fiscal Year Individual Corporation Income Income Taxes Taxes (1) Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (2) Total (On Budget) (Off Budget) Excise Taxes (2) Total Receipts Other (3) Total 1995 590,244 157,004 484,473 133,394 351,079 57,484 62,585 1,351,790 1996 656,417 171,824 509,414 141,922 367,492 54,014 61,384 1,453,053 1997 737,466 182,293 539,371 147,381 391,990 56,924 63,178 1,579,232 1998 828,586 188,677 571,831 156,032 415,799 57,673 74,961 1,721,728 1999 879,480 184,680 611,833 167,365 444,468 70,414 81,045 1,827,452 2000 1,004,462 207,289 652,852 172,268 480,584 68,865 91,723 2,025,191 2001 994,339 151,075 693,967 186,448 507,519 66,232 85,469 1,991,082 2002 858,345 148,044 700,760 185,439 515,321 66,989 78,998 1,853,136 2003 793,699 131,778 712,978 189,136 523,842 67,524 76,335 1,782,314 2004 808,959 189,371 733,407 198,662 534,745 69,855 78,522 1,880,114 2005 927,222 278,282 794,125 216,649 577,476 73,094 80,888 2,153,611 2006 1,043,908 353,915 837,821 229,439 608,382 73,961 97,264 2,406,869 2007 1,163,472 370,243 869,607 234,518 635,089 65,069 99,594 2,567,985 2008 1,145,747 304,346 900,155 242,109 658,046 67,334 106,409 2,523,991 2009 915,308 138,229 890,917 236,908 654,009 62,483 98,052 2,104,989 2010 898,549 191,437 864,814 233,127 631,687 66,909 140,997 2,162,706 2011 1,091,473 181,085 818,792 253,004 565,788 72,381 139,735 2,303,466 2012 1,132,206 242,289 845,314 275,813 569,501 79,061 151,120 2,449,990 2013 1,316,405 273,506 947,820 274,546 673,274 84,007 153,368 2,775,106 2014 1,394,568 320,731 1,023,458 287,893 735,565 93,368 189,366 3,021,491 2015 1,540,802 343,797 1,065,257 294,885 770,372 98,279 201,752 3,249,887 2016 1,546,075 299,571 1,115,065 304,885 810,180 95,026 212,224 3,267,961 2017 1,587,120 297,048 1,161,897 311,279 850,618 83,823 186,294 3,316,182 2018 1,683,538 204,733 1,170,701 315,954 854,747 94,986 175,946 3,329,904 2019 estimate 1,698,353 216,194 1,242,405 331,291 911,114 98,669 182,035 3,437,656 2020 estimate 1,824,185 255,161 1,295,484 346,204 949,280 108,835 161,107 3,644,772 2021 estimate 1,945,787 284,058 1,369,961 366,627 1,003,334 111,475 165,583 3,876,864 2022 estimate 2,081,050 314,677 1,446,926 388,187 1,058,739 114,980 170,999 4,128,632 2023 estimate 2,236,769 370,948 1,523,183 409,839 1,113,344 107,749 182,803 4,421,452 2024 estimate 2,394,492 418,403 1,606,951 433,068 1,173,883 136,428 196,247 4,752,521 (1) Beginning in 1987, includes trust fund receipts for the hazardous substance superfund. In 1989 and 1990, includes trust fund receipts for the supplementary medical insurance trust fund. (2) See Table 2.4 for additional details (3) See Table 2.5 for additional details 33 (On Budget) 1,000,711 1,085,561 1,187,242 1,305,929 1,382,984 1,544,607 1,483,563 1,337,815 1,258,472 1,345,369 1,576,135 1,798,487 1,932,896 1,865,945 1,450,980 1,531,019 1,737,678 1,880,489 2,101,832 2,285,926 2,479,515 2,457,781 2,465,564 2,475,157 2,526,542 2,695,492 2,873,530 3,069,893 3,308,108 3,578,638 (Off Budget) 351,079 367,492 391,990 415,799 444,468 480,584 507,519 515,321 523,842 534,745 577,476 608,382 635,089 658,046 654,009 631,687 565,788 569,501 673,274 735,565 770,372 810,180 850,618 854,747 911,114 949,280 1,003,334 1,058,739 1,113,344 1,173,883 Table 2.2 - PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934 - 2024 Fiscal Year 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Individual Corporation Income Income Taxes Taxes 14.2 14.6 17.2 20.3 19.1 16.3 13.6 15.1 22.3 27.1 45.0 40.7 41.0 46.6 46.5 39.5 39.9 41.9 42.2 42.8 42.4 43.9 43.2 44.5 43.6 46.3 44.0 43.8 45.7 44.7 43.2 41.8 42.4 41.3 44.9 46.7 46.9 46.1 45.7 44.7 45.2 43.9 44.2 47.8 44.3 45.3 47.0 47.2 47.7 48.2 48.1 44.8 45.6 45.4 46.0 44.1 45.0 45.2 44.3 43.6 44.2 43.1 43.7 45.2 46.7 48.1 48.1 49.6 12.3 14.7 18.3 19.3 19.1 17.9 18.3 24.4 32.2 39.8 33.9 35.4 30.2 22.4 23.3 28.4 26.5 27.3 32.1 30.5 30.3 27.3 28.0 26.5 25.2 21.8 23.2 22.2 20.6 20.3 20.9 21.8 23.0 22.8 18.7 19.6 17.0 14.3 15.5 15.7 14.7 14.6 13.9 10.4 15.4 15.0 14.2 12.5 10.2 8.0 6.2 8.5 8.4 8.2 9.8 10.4 10.4 9.1 9.3 9.2 10.2 11.2 11.6 11.8 11.5 11.0 10.1 10.2 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Total 1.0 0.9 1.3 10.8 22.8 25.3 27.3 22.3 16.8 12.7 7.9 7.6 7.9 8.9 9.0 9.6 11.0 11.0 9.7 9.8 10.3 12.0 12.5 12.5 14.1 14.8 15.9 17.4 17.1 18.6 19.5 19.0 19.5 21.9 22.2 20.9 23.0 25.3 25.4 27.3 28.5 30.3 30.5 31.0 29.9 30.3 30.0 30.5 30.5 32.6 34.8 35.9 36.1 36.9 35.5 36.8 36.3 36.8 37.5 37.9 37.1 36.7 35.8 35.1 34.2 33.2 33.5 32.2 (On Budget) (Off Budget) 1.0 0.9 1.3 5.9 17.1 17.3 18.9 14.4 10.6 8.0 5.0 4.7 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.7 4.9 4.3 3.9 3.8 4.2 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.9 5.5 5.9 5.4 5.7 6.1 6.1 7.4 8.0 7.9 8.2 8.9 8.3 8.9 8.8 8.6 8.8 9.4 10.3 11.0 10.8 10.9 10.5 10.2 9.7 9.5 9.7 10.2 10.1 10.0 9.9 9.8 9.3 9.1 9.2 8.5 .......... .......... .......... 4.9 5.7 8.0 8.4 7.9 6.1 4.7 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.8 3.9 4.3 5.3 6.0 5.4 5.9 6.6 7.8 8.6 8.5 10.1 10.5 11.5 12.8 12.3 13.3 14.5 14.3 14.6 16.4 16.3 15.5 17.4 19.2 19.2 20.0 20.5 22.4 22.3 22.2 21.6 21.4 21.2 21.9 21.7 23.2 24.5 24.9 25.4 26.0 25.0 26.6 26.6 27.3 27.9 27.7 27.0 26.6 26.0 25.3 24.8 24.2 24.3 23.7 34 Excise Taxes 45.8 39.9 41.6 34.8 27.6 29.7 30.2 29.3 23.2 17.1 10.9 13.9 17.8 18.7 17.7 19.0 19.1 16.8 13.4 14.2 14.3 14.0 13.3 13.2 13.4 13.3 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.4 12.2 12.5 10.0 9.2 9.2 8.1 8.1 8.9 7.5 7.0 6.4 5.9 5.7 5.5 4.9 4.6 4.0 4.7 6.8 5.9 5.9 5.6 4.9 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.4 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.9 3.4 Total Receipts Other Total 26.7 30.0 21.6 14.9 11.5 10.7 10.7 9.0 5.5 3.3 2.2 2.4 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.9 5.1 4.7 5.0 4.7 4.9 5.4 6.0 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.8 5.3 5.3 4.8 4.8 5.1 4.8 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.4 4.8 5.1 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (On Budget) 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.1 94.3 92.0 91.6 92.1 93.9 95.3 97.0 97.1 96.8 96.2 96.1 95.7 94.7 94.0 94.6 94.1 93.4 92.2 91.4 91.5 89.9 89.5 88.5 87.2 87.7 86.7 85.5 85.7 85.4 83.6 83.7 84.5 82.6 80.8 80.8 80.0 79.5 77.6 77.7 77.8 78.4 78.6 78.8 78.1 78.3 76.8 75.5 75.1 74.6 74.0 75.0 73.4 73.4 72.7 72.1 72.3 73.0 73.4 74.0 74.7 75.2 75.8 75.7 76.3 (Off Budget) .......... .......... .......... 4.9 5.7 8.0 8.4 7.9 6.1 4.7 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.8 3.9 4.3 5.3 6.0 5.4 5.9 6.6 7.8 8.6 8.5 10.1 10.5 11.5 12.8 12.3 13.3 14.5 14.3 14.6 16.4 16.3 15.5 17.4 19.2 19.2 20.0 20.5 22.4 22.3 22.2 21.6 21.4 21.2 21.9 21.7 23.2 24.5 24.9 25.4 26.0 25.0 26.6 26.6 27.3 27.9 27.7 27.0 26.6 26.0 25.3 24.8 24.2 24.3 23.7 Table 2.2 - PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934 - 2024 Fiscal Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate Individual Corporation Income Income Taxes Taxes 49.9 46.3 44.5 43.0 43.1 43.4 45.3 45.4 43.5 41.5 47.4 46.2 47.4 46.2 47.4 47.3 47.9 50.6 49.4 50.0 50.2 50.4 50.6 50.4 7.6 8.0 7.4 10.1 12.9 14.7 14.4 12.1 6.6 8.9 7.9 9.9 9.9 10.6 10.6 9.2 9.0 6.1 6.3 7.0 7.3 7.6 8.4 8.8 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Total 34.9 37.8 40.0 39.0 36.9 34.8 33.9 35.7 42.3 40.0 35.5 34.5 34.2 33.9 32.8 34.1 35.0 35.2 36.1 35.5 35.3 35.0 34.4 33.8 (On Budget) (Off Budget) 9.4 10.0 10.6 10.6 10.1 9.5 9.1 9.6 11.3 10.8 11.0 11.3 9.9 9.5 9.1 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.4 9.3 9.1 25.5 27.8 29.4 28.4 26.8 25.3 24.7 26.1 31.1 29.2 24.6 23.2 24.3 24.3 23.7 24.8 25.7 25.7 26.5 26.0 25.9 25.6 25.2 24.7 35 Excise Taxes 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.9 Total Receipts Other Total 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.7 6.5 6.1 6.2 5.5 6.3 6.2 6.5 5.6 5.3 5.3 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (On Budget) 74.5 72.2 70.6 71.6 73.2 74.7 75.3 73.9 68.9 70.8 75.4 76.8 75.7 75.7 76.3 75.2 74.3 74.3 73.5 74.0 74.1 74.4 74.8 75.3 (Off Budget) 25.5 27.8 29.4 28.4 26.8 25.3 24.7 26.1 31.1 29.2 24.6 23.2 24.3 24.3 23.7 24.8 25.7 25.7 26.5 26.0 25.9 25.6 25.2 24.7 Table 2.3 - RECEIPTS BY SOURCE AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1934 - 2024 Fiscal Year 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Individual Corporation Income Income Taxes Taxes 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.1 2.2 3.5 9.2 8.1 7.1 7.5 7.4 5.6 5.7 6.6 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.1 7.3 7.7 7.3 7.3 7.6 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.4 6.9 7.1 7.4 7.7 8.9 8.6 7.7 7.8 7.6 8.0 7.6 7.4 8.2 7.8 8.0 8.5 8.7 9.1 9.0 8.2 7.6 7.8 7.7 8.2 7.8 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.8 8.3 8.7 9.3 9.3 9.9 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.8 3.2 5.2 6.9 7.1 5.2 3.6 3.7 4.0 3.7 4.3 5.9 5.6 5.5 4.4 4.8 4.6 4.2 3.4 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.2 3.7 3.1 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.3 1.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (On Budget) Total * * 0.1 0.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.7 5.8 6.1 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 (Off Budget) (*) (*) 0.1 0.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 ........ ........ ........ 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.8 36 Excise Taxes 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.8 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 Total Receipts Other Total 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 4.8 5.1 4.9 6.1 7.5 7.0 6.7 7.5 9.9 13.0 20.5 19.9 17.2 16.1 15.9 14.3 14.2 15.8 18.5 18.2 18.0 16.1 17.0 17.3 16.8 15.7 17.3 17.3 17.0 17.2 17.0 16.5 16.8 17.8 17.0 19.1 18.4 16.8 17.0 17.1 17.8 17.4 16.7 17.2 17.6 17.6 18.1 18.5 19.1 18.6 17.0 16.9 17.2 17.0 17.9 17.7 17.8 17.5 17.3 17.0 17.0 17.5 17.9 18.3 18.7 19.3 19.3 20.0 (On Budget) 4.8 5.1 4.9 5.8 7.1 6.4 6.1 6.9 9.3 12.4 19.9 19.4 16.7 15.5 15.3 13.6 13.4 14.8 17.5 17.1 16.8 14.9 15.6 15.8 15.1 14.1 15.3 15.1 14.9 14.9 14.5 14.1 14.3 14.9 14.3 16.1 15.2 13.6 13.8 13.7 14.1 13.5 13.0 13.4 13.8 13.8 14.2 14.5 15.0 14.3 12.8 12.7 12.8 12.6 13.4 13.0 13.1 12.7 12.5 12.3 12.4 12.9 13.2 13.7 14.0 14.6 14.6 15.3 (Off Budget) ........ ........ ........ 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.8 Table 2.3 - RECEIPTS BY SOURCE AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1934 - 2024 Fiscal Year Individual Corporation Income Income Taxes Taxes 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate * 0.05 percent or less. 9.4 7.9 7.0 6.7 7.2 7.7 8.1 7.8 6.3 6.1 7.1 7.1 7.9 8.0 8.5 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.4 8.6 8.8 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.6 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (On Budget) Total 6.6 6.5 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.7 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 (Off Budget) 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.3 3.7 3.5 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 37 Excise Taxes 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 Total Receipts Other Total 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 18.9 17.1 15.8 15.6 16.8 17.6 18.0 17.1 14.6 14.6 15.0 15.3 16.7 17.4 18.0 17.6 17.2 16.5 16.1 16.3 16.5 16.7 17.0 17.4 (On Budget) 14.1 12.3 11.2 11.2 12.3 13.2 13.5 12.7 10.1 10.3 11.3 11.7 12.7 13.2 13.7 13.2 12.8 12.2 11.9 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.7 13.1 (Off Budget) 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.3 3.7 3.5 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 Table 2.4 - COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) 1940 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance: Federal funds Trust funds (Off-Budget) Disability insurance (Off-Budget) Hospital insurance Railroad retirement/pension fund: Federal funds Trust funds Railroad social security equivalent account Total (1) Unemployment insurance: Federal funds Trust funds Total Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share Non-Federal employees retirement Total Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (1) Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol Tobacco Crude oil windfall profit Telephone Ozone depleting chemicals/products Transportation fuels High cost health insurance coverage Health insurance providers Indoor tanning services Medical devices Other Total Trust funds: Transportation Airport and airway Black lung disability Inland waterway Hazardous substance superfund Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) Oil spill liability Aquatic resources Leaking underground storage tank Tobacco Assessments Vaccine injury compensation Supplementary medical insurance Patient-centered outcomes research Total Total, Excise Taxes * $500 thousand or less. (1) On-budget and off-budget. Note: Unless otherwise noted, all receipts shown in this table are trust funds and on-budget. 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 54 550 .......... .......... 2 688 .......... .......... -1 896 .......... .......... -1 1,130 .......... .......... -2 1,292 .......... .......... -3 1,310 .......... .......... -3 1,238 .......... .......... -5 1,459 .......... .......... -5 1,616 .......... .......... 1 120 .......... 725 23 114 .......... 827 29 141 .......... 1,064 -6 215 .......... 1,338 4 263 .......... 1,557 -24 309 .......... 1,592 -10 292 .......... 1,517 82 298 .......... 1,835 -201 758 .......... 2,168 111 904 1,015 103 953 1,056 126 1,172 1,299 167 1,310 1,477 190 1,454 1,644 194 1,375 1,568 190 1,126 1,316 196 1,133 1,329 206 1,138 1,343 44 1 45 1,785 56 1 57 1,940 88 1 89 2,452 227 2 229 3,044 270 2 272 3,473 289 2 291 3,451 280 2 282 3,115 256 3 259 3,422 236 3 239 3,751 623 606 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 748 1,977 818 691 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,043 2,552 1,046 779 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,573 3,399 1,422 913 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,760 4,096 1,604 986 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,169 4,759 2,275 929 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,061 6,265 2,490 1,156 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,352 6,998 2,429 1,231 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,551 7,211 2,217 1,297 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,842 7,356 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,977 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,552 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,399 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,096 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,759 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,265 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,998 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 7,211 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 7,356 38 Table 2.4 - COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) 1949 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance: Federal funds Trust funds (Off-Budget) Disability insurance (Off-Budget) Hospital insurance Railroad retirement/pension fund: Federal funds Trust funds Railroad social security equivalent account Total (1) Unemployment insurance: Federal funds Trust funds Total Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share Non-Federal employees retirement Total Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (1) Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol Tobacco Crude oil windfall profit Telephone Ozone depleting chemicals/products Transportation fuels High cost health insurance coverage Health insurance providers Indoor tanning services Medical devices Other Total Trust funds: Transportation Airport and airway Black lung disability Inland waterway Hazardous substance superfund Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) Oil spill liability Aquatic resources Leaking underground storage tank Tobacco Assessments Vaccine injury compensation Supplementary medical insurance Patient-centered outcomes research Total Total, Excise Taxes * $500 thousand or less. (1) On-budget and off-budget. Note: Unless otherwise noted, all receipts shown in this table are trust funds and on-budget. 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 -8 1,690 .......... .......... -8 2,106 .......... .......... -10 3,120 .......... .......... -14 3,594 .......... .......... .......... 4,097 .......... .......... .......... 4,589 .......... .......... 300 5,081 .......... .......... .......... 6,425 .......... .......... .......... 6,457 332 .......... -11 574 .......... 2,246 -* 550 .......... 2,648 3 575 .......... 3,688 * 735 .......... 4,315 * 625 .......... 4,722 -* 603 .......... 5,192 * 600 .......... 5,981 * 634 .......... 7,059 .......... 616 .......... 7,405 220 985 1,205 224 1,108 1,332 231 1,378 1,609 257 1,455 1,712 274 1,401 1,675 283 1,278 1,561 278 1,172 1,449 322 1,368 1,690 328 1,623 1,950 326 4 330 3,781 354 4 358 4,338 373 4 377 5,674 413 5 418 6,445 418 5 423 6,820 450 5 455 7,208 426 6 431 7,862 566 5 571 9,320 636 5 642 9,997 2,168 1,319 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,015 7,502 2,180 1,326 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,044 7,550 2,508 1,378 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,761 8,648 2,515 1,562 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,775 8,852 2,723 1,652 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,501 9,877 2,738 1,578 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,630 9,945 2,689 1,568 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,874 9,131 2,866 1,607 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,455 9,929 2,915 1,669 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,472 9,055 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 7,502 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 7,550 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,648 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,852 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 9,877 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 9,945 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 9,131 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 9,929 1,479 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,479 10,534 39 Table 2.4 - COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) 1958 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance: Federal funds Trust funds (Off-Budget) Disability insurance (Off-Budget) Hospital insurance Railroad retirement/pension fund: Federal funds Trust funds Railroad social security equivalent account Total (1) Unemployment insurance: Federal funds Trust funds Total Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share Non-Federal employees retirement Total Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (1) Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol Tobacco Crude oil windfall profit Telephone Ozone depleting chemicals/products Transportation fuels High cost health insurance coverage Health insurance providers Indoor tanning services Medical devices Other Total Trust funds: Transportation Airport and airway Black lung disability Inland waterway Hazardous substance superfund Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) Oil spill liability Aquatic resources Leaking underground storage tank Tobacco Assessments Vaccine injury compensation Supplementary medical insurance Patient-centered outcomes research Total Total, Excise Taxes * $500 thousand or less. (1) On-budget and off-budget. Note: Unless otherwise noted, all receipts shown in this table are trust funds and on-budget. 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 .......... 7,138 911 .......... .......... 7,418 878 .......... .......... 9,671 970 .......... .......... 11,104 1,005 .......... .......... 11,267 1,004 .......... .......... 13,117 1,058 .......... .......... 15,242 1,124 .......... .......... 15,567 1,156 .......... .......... 17,556 1,530 893 .......... 575 .......... 8,624 .......... 525 .......... 8,821 .......... 607 .......... 11,248 .......... 571 .......... 12,679 .......... 564 .......... 12,835 .......... 572 .......... 14,746 .......... 593 .......... 16,959 .......... 636 .......... 17,358 .......... 683 .......... 20,662 333 1,601 1,933 321 1,810 2,131 339 2,329 2,667 .......... 2,903 2,903 .......... 3,337 3,337 .......... 4,112 4,112 .......... 3,997 3,997 .......... 3,803 3,803 .......... 3,755 3,755 673 9 682 11,239 760 10 770 11,722 758 10 768 14,683 845 12 857 16,439 863 12 875 17,046 933 13 946 19,804 992 15 1,007 21,963 1,064 16 1,081 22,242 1,111 18 1,129 25,546 2,882 1,728 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,002 8,612 2,938 1,798 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,767 8,504 3,127 1,927 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,084 9,137 3,146 1,986 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,931 9,063 3,268 2,022 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,295 9,585 3,366 2,075 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,474 9,915 3,499 2,048 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,664 10,211 3,689 2,142 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,081 10,911 3,720 2,066 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,358 9,145 2,026 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,026 10,638 2,074 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,074 10,578 2,539 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,539 11,676 2,798 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,798 11,860 2,949 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,949 12,534 3,279 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,279 13,194 3,519 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,519 13,731 3,659 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,659 14,570 3,917 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,917 13,062 40 Table 2.4 - COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) 1967 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance: Federal funds Trust funds (Off-Budget) Disability insurance (Off-Budget) Hospital insurance Railroad retirement/pension fund: Federal funds Trust funds Railroad social security equivalent account Total (1) Unemployment insurance: Federal funds Trust funds Total Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share Non-Federal employees retirement Total Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (1) Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol Tobacco Crude oil windfall profit Telephone Ozone depleting chemicals/products Transportation fuels High cost health insurance coverage Health insurance providers Indoor tanning services Medical devices Other Total Trust funds: Transportation Airport and airway Black lung disability Inland waterway Hazardous substance superfund Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) Oil spill liability Aquatic resources Leaking underground storage tank Tobacco Assessments Vaccine injury compensation Supplementary medical insurance Patient-centered outcomes research Total Total, Excise Taxes * $500 thousand or less. (1) On-budget and off-budget. Note: Unless otherwise noted, all receipts shown in this table are trust funds and on-budget. 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 .......... 22,197 2,204 2,645 .......... 22,265 2,651 3,493 .......... 25,484 3,469 4,398 .......... 29,396 4,063 4,755 .......... 31,354 4,490 4,874 .......... 35,132 4,775 5,205 .......... 40,703 5,381 7,603 .......... 47,778 6,147 10,551 .......... 55,207 7,250 11,252 .......... 776 .......... 27,823 .......... 814 .......... 29,224 .......... 885 .......... 34,236 .......... 919 .......... 39,133 .......... 980 .......... 41,699 .......... 1,008 .......... 46,120 .......... 1,189 .......... 54,876 .......... 1,411 .......... 65,888 .......... 1,489 .......... 75,199 .......... 3,575 3,575 .......... 3,346 3,346 .......... 3,328 3,328 .......... 3,464 3,464 .......... 3,674 3,674 .......... 4,357 4,357 .......... 6,051 6,051 .......... 6,837 6,837 .......... 6,771 6,771 1,202 19 1,221 32,619 1,334 20 1,354 33,923 1,426 24 1,451 39,015 1,735 29 1,765 44,362 1,916 37 1,952 47,325 2,058 39 2,097 52,574 2,146 41 2,187 63,115 2,302 45 2,347 75,071 2,513 52 2,565 84,534 3,980 2,077 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,221 9,278 4,189 2,121 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,391 9,700 4,447 2,136 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,002 10,585 4,646 2,093 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,613 10,352 4,696 2,205 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,609 10,510 5,004 2,205 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,297 9,506 5,040 2,274 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,522 9,836 5,248 2,435 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,060 9,743 5,238 2,312 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,850 9,400 4,441 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,441 13,719 4,379 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,379 14,079 4,637 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,637 15,222 5,354 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,354 15,705 5,542 563 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,104 16,614 5,322 649 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,971 15,477 5,665 758 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,424 16,260 6,260 840 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 7,100 16,844 6,188 962 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 7,151 16,551 41 Table 2.4 - COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) 1976 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance: Federal funds Trust funds (Off-Budget) Disability insurance (Off-Budget) Hospital insurance Railroad retirement/pension fund: Federal funds Trust funds Railroad social security equivalent account Total (1) Unemployment insurance: Federal funds Trust funds Total Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share Non-Federal employees retirement Total Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (1) Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol Tobacco Crude oil windfall profit Telephone Ozone depleting chemicals/products Transportation fuels High cost health insurance coverage Health insurance providers Indoor tanning services Medical devices Other Total Trust funds: Transportation Airport and airway Black lung disability Inland waterway Hazardous substance superfund Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) Oil spill liability Aquatic resources Leaking underground storage tank Tobacco Assessments Vaccine injury compensation Supplementary medical insurance Patient-centered outcomes research Total Total, Excise Taxes * $500 thousand or less. (1) On-budget and off-budget. Note: Unless otherwise noted, all receipts shown in this table are trust funds and on-budget. TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 .......... 58,703 7,686 11,987 .......... 15,886 2,130 3,457 .......... 68,032 8,786 13,474 .......... 73,141 12,250 16,668 .......... 83,410 14,584 19,874 .......... 96,581 16,628 23,217 .......... 117,757 12,418 30,340 .......... 122,840 20,626 34,301 .......... 128,972 18,348 35,641 .......... 1,525 .......... 79,901 .......... 328 .......... 21,801 .......... 1,908 .......... 92,199 .......... 1,822 .......... 103,881 .......... 2,190 .......... 120,058 .......... 2,323 .......... 138,748 .......... 2,457 .......... 162,973 .......... 2,917 .......... 180,686 .......... 2,805 .......... 185,766 .......... 8,054 8,054 .......... 2,698 2,698 .......... 11,312 11,312 .......... 13,850 13,850 .......... 15,387 15,387 .......... 15,336 15,336 .......... 15,763 15,763 .......... 16,600 16,600 .......... 18,799 18,799 2,760 54 2,814 90,769 707 13 720 25,219 2,915 59 2,974 106,485 3,174 62 3,237 120,967 3,428 66 3,494 138,939 3,660 59 3,719 157,803 3,908 76 3,984 182,720 4,140 72 4,212 201,498 4,351 78 4,429 208,994 5,318 2,484 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,810 10,612 1,279 622 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 619 2,520 5,295 2,393 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,960 9,648 5,492 2,444 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,118 10,054 5,531 2,492 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,785 9,808 5,601 2,443 6,934 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 585 15,563 5,606 2,581 23,252 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,689 34,128 5,382 2,537 18,407 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,344 28,670 5,557 4,136 12,135 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,258 24,086 5,413 938 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,351 16,963 1,676 277 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,953 4,473 6,709 1,191 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 7,900 17,548 6,904 1,326 92 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,323 18,376 7,189 1,526 222 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,937 18,745 6,620 1,874 272 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,766 24,329 6,305 21 237 20 128 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,711 40,839 6,744 133 491 30 244 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 7,641 36,311 8,297 2,165 494 29 230 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 11,214 35,300 42 Table 2.4 - COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance: Federal funds Trust funds (Off-Budget) Disability insurance (Off-Budget) Hospital insurance Railroad retirement/pension fund: Federal funds Trust funds Railroad social security equivalent account Total (1) Unemployment insurance: Federal funds Trust funds Total Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share Non-Federal employees retirement Total Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (1) Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol Tobacco Crude oil windfall profit Telephone Ozone depleting chemicals/products Transportation fuels High cost health insurance coverage Health insurance providers Indoor tanning services Medical devices Other Total Trust funds: Transportation Airport and airway Black lung disability Inland waterway Hazardous substance superfund Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) Oil spill liability Aquatic resources Leaking underground storage tank Tobacco Assessments Vaccine injury compensation Supplementary medical insurance Patient-centered outcomes research Total Total, Excise Taxes * $500 thousand or less. (1) On-budget and off-budget. Note: Unless otherwise noted, all receipts shown in this table are trust funds and on-budget. 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 .......... 150,312 15,763 40,262 .......... 169,822 16,348 44,871 .......... 182,518 17,711 51,335 .......... 194,541 18,860 55,992 .......... 220,337 21,154 59,859 .......... 240,595 23,071 65,396 .......... 255,031 26,625 68,556 .......... 265,502 28,382 72,842 .......... 273,136 29,289 79,108 .......... 3,321 .......... 209,658 .......... 2,213 1,391 234,646 .......... 2,103 1,395 255,062 .......... 2,220 1,414 273,028 .......... 2,326 1,417 305,093 .......... 2,391 1,407 332,858 .......... 2,292 1,387 353,891 .......... 2,371 1,428 370,526 .......... 2,449 1,508 385,490 .......... 25,138 25,138 .......... 25,758 25,758 .......... 24,098 24,098 .......... 25,575 25,575 .......... 24,584 24,584 .......... 22,011 22,011 .......... 21,635 21,635 .......... 20,922 20,922 .......... 23,410 23,410 4,494 86 4,580 239,376 4,672 87 4,759 265,163 4,645 96 4,742 283,901 4,613 102 4,715 303,318 4,537 122 4,658 334,335 4,428 119 4,546 359,416 4,405 117 4,522 380,047 4,459 108 4,568 396,015 4,683 105 4,788 413,688 5,315 4,660 8,906 2,035 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,363 22,279 5,562 4,779 6,348 2,147 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 261 19,097 5,828 4,589 2,251 2,339 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,046 16,053 5,971 4,763 .......... 2,522 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,588 14,844 5,709 4,616 .......... 2,610 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,250 16,185 5,661 4,378 .......... 2,791 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 317 13,147 5,695 4,081 .......... 2,995 360 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,460 15,591 7,364 4,706 .......... 3,094 562 2,780 .......... .......... .......... .......... -231 18,275 8,011 5,049 .......... 3,146 637 3,512 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,481 21,836 11,743 2,499 518 39 261 9 .......... 12 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 15,082 37,361 13,015 2,851 581 40 273 7 .......... 126 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 16,894 35,992 13,363 2,736 547 40 15 -* .......... 165 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 16,866 32,919 13,032 3,060 572 48 635 -1 .......... 194 73 .......... .......... .......... .......... 17,613 32,457 14,114 3,189 594 48 698 -9 .......... 208 125 .......... 74 .......... .......... 19,042 35,227 15,628 3,664 563 47 883 -1 .......... 187 168 .......... 99 .......... .......... 21,239 34,386 13,867 3,700 665 63 818 -1 143 218 122 .......... 159 .......... .......... 19,754 35,345 16,979 4,910 652 60 810 .......... 254 260 123 .......... 81 .......... .......... 24,127 42,402 16,733 4,645 626 70 818 .......... 295 271 157 .......... 118 .......... .......... 23,733 45,569 43 Table 2.4 - COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance: Federal funds Trust funds (Off-Budget) Disability insurance (Off-Budget) Hospital insurance Railroad retirement/pension fund: Federal funds Trust funds Railroad social security equivalent account Total (1) Unemployment insurance: Federal funds Trust funds Total Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share Non-Federal employees retirement Total Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (1) Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol Tobacco Crude oil windfall profit Telephone Ozone depleting chemicals/products Transportation fuels High cost health insurance coverage Health insurance providers Indoor tanning services Medical devices Other Total Trust funds: Transportation Airport and airway Black lung disability Inland waterway Hazardous substance superfund Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) Oil spill liability Aquatic resources Leaking underground storage tank Tobacco Assessments Vaccine injury compensation Supplementary medical insurance Patient-centered outcomes research Total Total, Excise Taxes * $500 thousand or less. (1) On-budget and off-budget. Note: Unless otherwise noted, all receipts shown in this table are trust funds and on-budget. 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 .......... 281,735 30,199 81,224 .......... 302,607 32,419 90,062 .......... 284,091 66,988 96,024 .......... 311,869 55,623 104,997 .......... 336,729 55,261 110,710 .......... 358,784 57,015 119,863 .......... 383,559 60,909 132,268 .......... 411,677 68,907 135,529 .......... 434,057 73,462 149,651 .......... 2,367 1,414 396,938 .......... 2,323 1,399 428,810 .......... 2,424 1,518 451,045 .......... 2,362 1,510 476,361 .......... 2,440 1,611 506,751 .......... 2,583 1,769 540,014 .......... 2,629 1,515 580,880 .......... 2,688 1,650 620,451 .......... 2,658 1,614 661,442 .......... 26,556 26,556 .......... 28,004 28,004 .......... 28,878 28,878 .......... 28,584 28,584 .......... 28,202 28,202 .......... 27,484 27,484 .......... 26,480 26,480 .......... 27,640 27,640 .......... 27,812 27,812 4,709 96 4,805 428,299 4,563 98 4,661 461,475 4,461 89 4,550 484,473 4,389 80 4,469 509,414 4,344 74 4,418 539,371 4,259 74 4,333 571,831 4,400 73 4,473 611,833 4,691 70 4,761 652,852 4,647 66 4,713 693,967 7,583 5,875 .......... 3,320 854 3,340 .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,550 24,522 7,539 5,691 .......... 3,526 761 9,402 .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,307 31,226 7,216 5,878 .......... 3,794 616 8,491 .......... .......... .......... .......... 946 26,941 7,220 5,795 .......... 4,234 320 7,468 .......... .......... .......... .......... 410 25,447 7,257 5,873 .......... 4,543 130 7,107 .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,921 27,831 7,215 5,657 .......... 4,910 98 589 .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,196 21,665 7,386 5,400 .......... 5,185 105 849 .......... .......... .......... .......... 368 19,293 8,140 7,221 .......... 5,670 125 819 .......... .......... .......... .......... 717 22,692 7,624 7,396 .......... 5,769 32 1,150 .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,315 24,286 18,039 3,262 634 79 826 .......... 229 276 153 .......... 38 .......... .......... 23,535 48,057 16,668 5,189 567 88 807 .......... 48 301 152 .......... 179 .......... .......... 23,999 55,225 22,611 5,534 608 103 867 .......... 211 306 165 .......... 138 .......... .......... 30,543 57,484 24,651 2,369 614 108 313 .......... 34 315 48 .......... 115 .......... .......... 28,567 54,014 23,867 4,007 614 96 71 .......... 1 316 -2 .......... 123 .......... .......... 29,093 56,924 26,628 8,111 636 91 .......... .......... .......... 290 136 .......... 116 .......... .......... 36,008 57,673 39,299 10,391 596 104 11 .......... .......... 374 216 .......... 130 .......... .......... 51,121 70,414 34,972 9,739 518 101 2 .......... 182 342 184 .......... 133 .......... .......... 46,173 68,865 31,469 9,191 522 113 2 .......... .......... 358 179 .......... 112 .......... .......... 41,946 66,232 44 Table 2.4 - COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance: Federal funds Trust funds (Off-Budget) Disability insurance (Off-Budget) Hospital insurance Railroad retirement/pension fund: Federal funds Trust funds Railroad social security equivalent account Total (1) Unemployment insurance: Federal funds Trust funds Total Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share Non-Federal employees retirement Total Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (1) Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol Tobacco Crude oil windfall profit Telephone Ozone depleting chemicals/products Transportation fuels High cost health insurance coverage Health insurance providers Indoor tanning services Medical devices Other Total Trust funds: Transportation Airport and airway Black lung disability Inland waterway Hazardous substance superfund Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) Oil spill liability Aquatic resources Leaking underground storage tank Tobacco Assessments Vaccine injury compensation Supplementary medical insurance Patient-centered outcomes research Total Total, Excise Taxes * $500 thousand or less. (1) On-budget and off-budget. Note: Unless otherwise noted, all receipts shown in this table are trust funds and on-budget. 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 .......... 440,541 74,780 149,049 .......... 447,806 76,036 147,186 .......... 457,120 77,625 150,589 .......... 493,646 83,830 166,068 .......... 520,069 88,313 177,429 .......... 542,901 92,188 184,908 .......... 562,519 95,527 193,980 .......... 559,067 94,942 190,663 .......... 539,996 91,691 180,068 .......... 2,525 1,652 668,547 .......... 2,333 1,620 674,981 .......... 2,297 1,729 689,360 .......... 2,284 1,836 747,664 .......... 2,338 1,894 790,043 .......... 2,309 1,952 824,258 .......... 2,404 2,029 856,459 .......... 2,301 1,912 848,885 .......... 2,285 1,854 815,894 .......... 27,619 27,619 .......... 33,366 33,366 .......... 39,453 39,453 .......... 42,002 42,002 .......... 43,420 43,420 .......... 41,091 41,091 .......... 39,527 39,527 .......... 37,889 37,889 .......... 44,823 44,823 4,533 61 4,594 700,760 4,578 53 4,631 712,978 4,543 51 4,594 733,407 4,409 50 4,459 794,125 4,308 50 4,358 837,821 4,207 51 4,258 869,607 4,125 44 4,169 900,155 4,105 38 4,143 890,917 4,062 35 4,097 864,814 7,764 8,274 .......... 5,829 .......... 814 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,336 24,017 7,893 7,934 .......... 5,788 .......... 920 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,269 23,804 8,105 7,926 .......... 5,997 .......... 1,381 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,157 24,566 8,111 7,920 .......... 6,047 .......... -770 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,239 22,547 8,484 7,710 .......... 4,897 .......... -2,386 .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,755 22,460 8,648 7,556 .......... -2,125 .......... -3,291 .......... .......... .......... .......... 288 11,076 9,283 7,639 .......... 1,048 .......... -5,127 .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,883 15,726 9,903 12,841 .......... 1,115 .......... -10,324 .......... .......... .......... .......... 319 13,854 9,229 17,160 .......... 993 .......... -11,030 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,904 18,256 32,603 9,031 567 95 .......... .......... .......... 386 181 .......... 109 .......... .......... 42,972 66,989 33,726 8,684 506 90 .......... .......... .......... 392 184 .......... 138 .......... .......... 43,720 67,524 34,711 9,174 566 91 .......... .......... .......... 416 189 .......... 142 .......... .......... 45,289 69,855 37,892 10,314 610 91 .......... .......... .......... 429 189 899 123 .......... .......... 50,547 73,094 38,542 10,426 607 81 .......... .......... 54 519 197 891 184 .......... .......... 51,501 73,961 39,361 11,468 639 91 .......... .......... 452 581 226 934 241 .......... .......... 53,993 65,069 36,385 11,992 653 88 .......... .......... 333 595 171 1,140 251 .......... .......... 51,608 67,334 34,961 10,569 645 76 .......... .......... 447 576 169 951 235 .......... .......... 48,629 62,483 34,992 10,612 595 74 .......... .......... 476 580 169 937 218 .......... .......... 48,653 66,909 45 Table 2.4 - COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance: Federal funds Trust funds (Off-Budget) Disability insurance (Off-Budget) Hospital insurance Railroad retirement/pension fund: Federal funds Trust funds Railroad social security equivalent account Total (1) Unemployment insurance: Federal funds Trust funds Total Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share Non-Federal employees retirement Total Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (1) Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol Tobacco Crude oil windfall profit Telephone Ozone depleting chemicals/products Transportation fuels High cost health insurance coverage Health insurance providers Indoor tanning services Medical devices Other Total Trust funds: Transportation Airport and airway Black lung disability Inland waterway Hazardous substance superfund Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) Oil spill liability Aquatic resources Leaking underground storage tank Tobacco Assessments Vaccine injury compensation Supplementary medical insurance Patient-centered outcomes research Total Total, Excise Taxes * $500 thousand or less. (1) On-budget and off-budget. Note: Unless otherwise noted, all receipts shown in this table are trust funds and on-budget. 2019 Estimate 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 .......... 483,683 82,105 188,490 .......... 486,783 82,718 201,143 .......... 575,555 97,719 209,270 .......... 628,792 106,773 224,107 .......... 658,543 111,829 234,189 .......... 665,672 144,508 246,812 .......... 688,048 162,570 255,930 .......... 691,215 163,532 260,659 .......... 767,747 143,367 276,253 .......... 2,415 1,823 758,516 .......... 2,519 1,764 774,927 .......... 2,791 2,110 887,445 .......... 3,032 2,325 965,029 .......... 3,336 2,530 1,010,427 .......... 3,128 2,185 1,062,305 .......... 3,136 2,213 1,111,897 .......... 3,353 2,396 1,121,155 .......... 3,300 2,363 1,193,030 .......... 56,241 56,241 .......... 66,647 66,647 .......... 56,811 56,811 .......... 54,957 54,957 .......... 51,178 51,178 .......... 48,856 48,856 .......... 45,808 45,808 .......... 45,042 45,042 .......... 44,389 44,389 4,005 30 4,035 818,792 3,712 28 3,740 845,314 3,538 26 3,564 947,820 3,446 26 3,472 1,023,458 3,629 23 3,652 1,065,257 3,875 29 3,904 1,115,065 4,158 34 4,192 1,161,897 4,473 31 4,504 1,170,701 4,955 31 4,986 1,242,405 9,294 16,685 .......... 930 .......... -8,644 .......... .......... 99 .......... 540 18,904 9,765 16,351 .......... 757 .......... -5,751 .......... .......... 102 .......... -865 20,359 9,253 15,083 .......... 733 .......... -2,681 .......... .......... 92 1,343 4,507 28,330 9,815 15,562 .......... 611 .......... -3,509 .......... 7,987 92 1,977 1,705 34,240 9,639 14,453 .......... 607 .......... -3,394 .......... 11,261 85 1,987 3,121 37,759 9,799 14,103 .......... 548 .......... -4,755 .......... 11,239 79 619 2,359 33,991 9,924 13,804 .......... 558 .......... -3,400 .......... 68 70 -202 369 21,191 10,057 12,861 .......... 512 .......... -1,459 .......... 4,681 69 -176 3,522 30,067 10,204 13,210 .......... 464 .......... -3,710 .......... 9,590 67 36,906 11,532 623 84 .......... .......... 501 593 152 932 278 1,876 .......... 53,477 72,381 40,169 12,532 629 90 .......... .......... 497 614 170 939 254 2,808 .......... 58,702 79,061 36,462 12,854 531 75 .......... .......... 410 539 162 947 204 3,216 277 55,677 84,007 39,049 13,513 579 82 .......... .......... 436 569 173 1,140 243 3,209 135 59,128 93,368 40,813 14,268 552 98 .......... .......... 496 574 179 49 275 2,991 225 60,520 98,279 41,344 14,406 440 111 .......... .......... 508 561 202 4 291 2,853 315 61,035 95,026 41,020 15,055 429 114 .......... .......... 516 559 225 3 270 4,147 294 62,632 83,823 42,613 15,793 384 115 .......... .......... 503 562 223 3 309 4,095 319 64,919 94,986 42,772 16,309 238 108 .......... .......... 146 568 215 46 3,063 32,888 305 4,709 411 65,781 98,669 Table 2.4 - COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) 2020 Estimate Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance: Federal funds Trust funds (Off-Budget) Disability insurance (Off-Budget) Hospital insurance Railroad retirement/pension fund: Federal funds Trust funds Railroad social security equivalent account Total (1) Unemployment insurance: Federal funds Trust funds Total Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share Non-Federal employees retirement Total Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts (1) Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol Tobacco Crude oil windfall profit Telephone Ozone depleting chemicals/products Transportation fuels High cost health insurance coverage Health insurance providers Indoor tanning services Medical devices Other Total Trust funds: Transportation Airport and airway Black lung disability Inland waterway Hazardous substance superfund Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) Oil spill liability Aquatic resources Leaking underground storage tank Tobacco Assessments Vaccine injury compensation Supplementary medical insurance Patient-centered outcomes research Total Total, Excise Taxes * $500 thousand or less. (1) On-budget and off-budget. Note: Unless otherwise noted, all receipts shown in this table are trust funds and on-budget. 47 2021 Estimate 2022 Estimate 2023 Estimate 2024 Estimate .......... 811,481 137,799 288,925 .......... 857,689 145,645 306,519 .......... 905,051 153,688 324,743 .......... 951,729 161,615 342,602 .......... 1,003,480 170,403 361,941 .......... 3,408 2,508 1,244,121 .......... 3,458 2,600 1,315,911 .......... 3,585 2,700 1,389,767 .......... 3,716 2,803 1,462,465 .......... 3,843 2,899 1,542,566 .......... 46,154 46,154 .......... 46,465 46,465 .......... 46,924 46,924 .......... 47,803 47,803 .......... 49,123 49,123 5,178 31 5,209 1,295,484 7,555 30 7,585 1,369,961 10,205 30 10,235 1,446,926 12,885 30 12,915 1,523,183 15,233 29 15,262 1,606,951 10,305 13,150 .......... 414 .......... -1,018 .......... 15,397 65 1,755 3,188 43,256 10,363 12,898 .......... 363 .......... -1,022 .......... 16,221 62 2,624 3,260 44,769 10,353 12,908 .......... 310 .......... -1,016 1,608 16,897 60 2,794 3,339 47,253 10,460 12,806 .......... 257 .......... -1,007 5,584 5,878 58 2,969 3,356 40,361 10,524 12,690 .......... 203 .......... -1,004 6,377 30,024 55 3,152 3,426 65,447 43,348 17,176 194 106 .......... .......... 511 573 216 .......... 310 2,800 345 65,579 108,835 43,411 18,066 192 104 .......... .......... 675 577 214 .......... 307 2,800 360 66,706 111,475 43,471 19,004 188 101 .......... .......... 681 583 213 .......... 310 2,800 376 67,727 114,980 43,467 19,945 188 100 .......... .......... 688 589 210 .......... 314 1,492 395 67,388 107,749 43,469 20,879 195 98 .......... .......... 698 595 208 .......... 317 4,108 414 70,981 136,428 Table 2.5 - COMPOSITION OF "OTHER RECEIPTS": 1940-2024 (in millions of dollars) Fiscal Year 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Total "Other Receipts" 698 781 801 800 972 1,083 1,202 1,331 1,461 1,388 1,351 1,578 1,710 1,857 1,905 1,850 2,270 2,672 2,961 2,921 3,923 3,796 4,001 4,395 4,731 5,753 6,708 6,987 7,580 8,718 9,499 10,185 12,355 12,026 13,737 14,998 17,317 4,279 19,008 19,278 22,101 26,311 28,659 33,006 30,309 34,392 37,020 40,233 42,029 43,987 48,321 56,174 50,657 55,717 50,778 58,427 62,585 61,384 63,178 74,961 Estate and Gift Taxes 353 403 420 441 507 637 668 771 890 780 698 708 818 881 934 924 1,161 1,365 1,393 1,333 1,606 1,896 2,016 2,167 2,394 2,716 3,066 2,978 3,051 3,491 3,644 3,735 5,436 4,917 5,035 4,611 5,216 1,455 7,327 5,285 5,411 6,389 6,787 7,991 6,053 6,010 6,422 6,958 7,493 7,594 8,745 11,500 11,138 11,143 12,577 15,225 14,763 17,189 19,845 24,076 Customs Duties and Fees 331 365 369 308 417 341 424 477 403 367 407 609 533 596 542 585 682 735 782 925 1,105 982 1,142 1,205 1,252 1,442 1,767 1,901 2,038 2,319 2,430 2,591 3,287 3,188 3,334 3,676 4,074 1,212 5,150 6,573 7,439 7,174 8,083 8,854 8,655 11,370 12,079 13,327 15,085 16,198 16,334 16,707 15,949 17,359 18,802 20,099 19,301 18,670 17,928 18,297 Miscellaneous Receipts Total 14 14 11 50 48 105 109 84 168 241 247 261 359 379 429 341 427 573 787 663 1,212 918 843 1,023 1,085 1,594 1,875 2,108 2,491 2,908 3,424 3,858 3,633 3,921 5,369 6,711 8,026 1,612 6,531 7,420 9,252 12,748 13,790 16,161 15,601 17,012 18,519 19,948 19,452 20,194 23,243 27,967 23,570 27,214 19,399 23,103 28,521 25,525 25,405 32,588 48 Federal Reserve All Other Deposits (1) .......... 14 .......... 14 .......... 11 .......... 50 .......... 48 .......... 105 .......... 109 15 69 100 68 187 54 192 55 189 72 278 81 298 81 341 88 251 90 287 140 434 139 664 123 491 171 1,093 119 788 130 718 125 828 194 947 139 1,372 222 1,713 163 1,805 302 2,091 400 2,662 247 3,266 158 3,533 325 3,252 380 3,495 425 4,845 523 5,777 935 5,451 2,576 1,500 111 5,908 623 6,641 778 8,327 925 11,767 981 12,834 956 15,186 975 14,492 1,108 15,684 1,328 17,059 1,460 18,374 1,574 16,817 2,635 17,163 3,031 19,604 3,639 24,319 3,647 19,158 4,412 22,920 4,293 14,908 4,491 18,023 5,081 23,378 5,143 20,477 5,048 19,636 5,769 24,540 8,048 Legislative Proposals (2) .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... Memorandum: Trust Fund Amounts Included in "Other Receipts" Customs Duties and All Other Fees .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 27 .......... 27 .......... 27 .......... 28 .......... 27 .......... 27 .......... 27 .......... 39 .......... 54 .......... 16 .......... 22 .......... 56 .......... 29 .......... 29 .......... 44 .......... 15 .......... 17 .......... 20 .......... 23 .......... 24 .......... 36 .......... 40 .......... 33 .......... 8 .......... 42 .......... 39 .......... 43 .......... 54 60 75 30 100 30 109 30 86 30 98 30 99 70 116 174 101 243 139 210 136 432 150 563 139 683 320 677 450 728 512 760 459 797 581 712 607 Table 2.5 - COMPOSITION OF "OTHER RECEIPTS": 1940-2024 (in millions of dollars) Fiscal Year Total "Other Receipts" Estate and Gift Taxes Customs Duties and Fees Miscellaneous Receipts Federal Reserve All Other Deposits (1) 25,917 9,010 32,293 10,506 26,124 11,576 23,683 10,206 21,878 12,636 19,652 12,956 19,297 13,448 29,945 14,632 32,043 15,497 33,598 16,399 34,318 17,799 75,845 20,969 82,546 20,271 81,957 24,883 75,767 26,874 99,235 36,905 96,468 51,011 115,672 40,360 81,287 47,665 70,750 40,914 48,783 44,488 49,474 44,905 52,781 47,155 56,722 47,746 62,434 50,067 68,646 53,257 Total 1999 81,045 27,782 18,336 34,927 2000 91,723 29,010 19,914 42,799 2001 85,469 28,400 19,369 37,700 2002 78,998 26,507 18,602 33,889 2003 76,335 21,959 19,862 34,514 2004 78,522 24,831 21,083 32,608 2005 80,888 24,764 23,379 32,745 2006 97,264 27,877 24,810 44,577 2007 99,594 26,044 26,010 47,540 2008 106,409 28,844 27,568 49,997 2009 98,052 23,482 22,453 52,117 2010 140,997 18,885 25,298 96,814 2011 139,735 7,399 29,519 102,817 2012 151,120 13,973 30,307 106,840 2013 153,368 18,912 31,815 102,641 2014 189,366 19,300 33,926 136,140 2015 201,752 19,232 35,041 147,479 2016 212,224 21,354 34,838 156,032 2017 186,294 22,768 34,574 128,952 2018 175,946 22,983 41,299 111,664 2019 estimate 182,035 19,295 69,469 93,271 2020 estimate 161,107 19,304 48,383 94,379 2021 estimate 165,583 20,405 45,218 99,936 2022 estimate 170,999 21,803 48,217 104,468 2023 estimate 182,803 23,313 51,003 112,501 2024 estimate 196,247 24,874 53,825 121,903 (1) Deposits of earnings by the Federal Reserve System. (2) Undistributed allowance for empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare. 49 Legislative Proposals (2) .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... -959 24 -3,489 -4,014 -4,355 Memorandum: Trust Fund Amounts Included in "Other Receipts" Customs Duties and All Other Fees 609 392 742 520 786 783 718 654 823 648 940 683 1,119 724 1,277 610 1,339 464 1,539 822 1,189 1,128 1,288 1,392 1,537 867 1,611 961 1,599 2,593 1,589 1,723 1,514 1,446 1,397 1,708 1,477 1,625 1,607 1,770 1,732 1,501 1,849 1,667 1,953 2,047 2,064 1,776 2,195 1,512 2,323 1,454 Table 3.1 - OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940 - 2024 Superfunction and Function 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 In millions of dollars: National Defense Human resources Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services Health Medicare Income Security Social Security (On-budget) (Off-budget) Veterans Benefits and Services Physical resources Energy Natural Resources and Environment Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) Transportation Community and Regional Development Net interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) Other functions International Affairs General Science, Space, and Technology Agriculture Administration of Justice General Government Allowances Undistributed offsetting receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of outlays: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of GDP: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) * 0.05 percent or less 1,660 4,139 1,972 55 .......... 1,514 28 .......... 28 570 2,312 88 997 550 550 .......... 392 285 899 941 -42 775 51 .......... 369 81 274 .......... -317 -317 .......... 9,468 9,482 -14 6,435 4,158 1,592 60 .......... 1,855 91 .......... 91 560 1,782 91 817 398 398 .......... 353 123 943 999 -56 882 145 .......... 339 92 306 .......... -547 -547 .......... 13,653 13,618 35 25,658 3,599 1,062 71 .......... 1,828 137 .......... 137 501 3,892 156 819 1,521 1,521 .......... 1,283 113 1,052 1,123 -71 1,830 968 4 344 117 397 .......... -894 -894 .......... 35,137 35,071 66 66,699 2,659 375 92 .......... 1,739 177 .......... 177 276 6,433 116 726 2,151 2,151 .......... 3,220 219 1,529 1,616 -87 2,457 1,286 1 343 154 673 .......... -1,221 -1,221 .......... 78,555 78,466 89 79,143 1,928 160 174 .......... 1,503 217 .......... 217 -126 5,471 65 642 624 624 .......... 3,901 238 2,219 2,322 -103 3,864 1,449 48 1,275 192 900 .......... -1,320 -1,320 .......... 91,304 91,190 114 82,965 1,859 134 211 .......... 1,137 267 .......... 267 110 1,747 25 455 -2,630 -2,630 .......... 3,654 243 3,112 3,236 -124 4,418 1,913 111 1,635 178 581 .......... -1,389 -1,389 .......... 92,712 92,569 143 42,681 5,493 85 201 .......... 2,384 358 .......... 358 2,465 836 41 482 -1,857 -1,857 .......... 1,970 200 4,111 4,259 -148 3,580 1,935 34 610 176 825 .......... -1,468 -1,468 .......... 55,232 55,022 210 12,808 9,909 102 177 .......... 2,820 466 .......... 466 6,344 1,227 18 700 -923 -923 .......... 1,130 302 4,204 4,367 -163 7,900 5,791 5 814 176 1,114 .......... -1,552 -1,552 .......... 34,496 34,193 303 9,105 9,868 191 162 .......... 2,499 558 .......... 558 6,457 2,243 292 780 306 306 .......... 787 78 4,341 4,532 -191 5,851 4,566 1 69 170 1,045 .......... -1,643 -1,643 .......... 29,764 29,396 368 17.5 43.7 24.4 9.5 8.2 -3.4 100.0 100.2 -0.2 47.1 30.5 13.1 6.9 6.5 -4.0 100.0 99.7 0.3 73.0 10.2 11.1 3.0 5.2 -2.5 100.0 99.8 0.2 84.9 3.4 8.2 1.9 3.1 -1.6 100.0 99.9 0.1 86.7 2.1 6.0 2.4 4.2 -1.4 100.0 99.9 0.1 89.5 2.0 1.9 3.4 4.8 -1.5 100.0 99.8 0.2 77.3 9.9 1.5 7.4 6.5 -2.7 100.0 99.6 0.4 37.1 28.7 3.6 12.2 22.9 -4.5 100.0 99.1 0.9 30.6 33.2 7.5 14.6 19.7 -5.5 100.0 98.8 1.2 1.7 4.2 2.4 0.9 0.8 -0.3 9.6 9.7 (-*) 5.5 3.6 1.5 0.8 0.8 -0.5 11.7 11.7 (*) 17.4 2.4 2.6 0.7 1.2 -0.6 23.8 23.7 (*) 36.1 1.4 3.5 0.8 1.3 -0.7 42.6 42.5 (*) 37.0 0.9 2.6 1.0 1.8 -0.6 42.7 42.7 0.1 36.6 0.8 0.8 1.4 2.0 -0.6 41.0 40.9 0.1 18.7 2.4 0.4 1.8 1.6 -0.6 24.2 24.1 0.1 5.4 4.1 0.5 1.8 3.3 -0.6 14.4 14.3 0.1 3.5 3.8 0.9 1.7 2.2 -0.6 11.4 11.2 0.1 50 Table 3.1 - OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940 - 2024 Superfunction and Function 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 In millions of dollars: National Defense Human resources Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services Health Medicare Income Security Social Security (On-budget) (Off-budget) Veterans Benefits and Services Physical resources Energy Natural Resources and Environment Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) Transportation Community and Regional Development Net interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) Other functions International Affairs General Science, Space, and Technology Agriculture Administration of Justice General Government Allowances Undistributed offsetting receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of outlays: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of GDP: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) * 0.05 percent or less 13,150 10,805 178 197 .......... 3,174 657 .......... 657 6,599 3,104 341 1,080 800 800 .......... 916 -33 4,523 4,753 -230 9,032 6,052 48 1,924 184 824 .......... -1,779 -1,779 .......... 38,835 38,408 427 13,724 14,221 241 268 .......... 4,097 781 .......... 781 8,834 3,667 327 1,308 1,035 1,035 .......... 967 30 4,812 5,069 -257 7,955 4,673 55 2,049 193 986 .......... -1,817 -1,817 .......... 42,562 42,038 524 23,566 11,001 235 323 .......... 3,352 1,565 .......... 1,565 5,526 3,924 383 1,310 1,228 1,228 .......... 956 47 4,665 4,952 -287 4,690 3,647 51 -323 218 1,097 .......... -2,332 -2,332 .......... 45,514 44,237 1,277 46,089 11,745 339 347 .......... 3,655 2,063 .......... 2,063 5,341 4,182 474 1,233 1,278 1,278 .......... 1,124 73 4,701 5,035 -334 4,346 2,691 49 176 267 1,163 .......... -3,377 -3,377 .......... 67,686 65,956 1,730 52,802 11,836 441 336 .......... 3,823 2,717 .......... 2,717 4,519 4,005 425 1,289 910 910 .......... 1,264 117 5,156 5,543 -387 5,873 2,119 49 2,253 243 1,209 .......... -3,571 -3,571 .......... 76,101 73,771 2,330 49,266 13,076 370 307 .......... 4,434 3,352 .......... 3,352 4,613 2,584 432 1,007 -184 -184 .......... 1,229 100 4,811 5,250 -439 4,515 1,596 46 1,817 257 799 .......... -3,397 -3,396 -1 70,855 67,943 2,912 42,729 14,908 445 291 .......... 5,071 4,427 .......... 4,427 4,675 2,732 325 940 92 92 .......... 1,246 129 4,850 5,288 -438 6,718 2,223 74 3,514 256 651 .......... -3,493 -3,487 -6 68,444 64,461 3,983 42,523 16,052 591 359 .......... 4,734 5,478 .......... 5,478 4,891 3,092 174 870 506 506 .......... 1,450 92 5,079 5,567 -487 7,482 2,414 79 3,486 302 1,201 .......... -3,589 -3,571 -18 70,640 65,668 4,972 45,430 18,161 590 479 .......... 5,427 6,661 .......... 6,661 5,005 4,559 240 1,098 1,424 1,424 .......... 1,662 135 5,354 5,910 -557 7,220 3,147 122 2,288 303 1,360 .......... -4,146 -4,058 -88 76,578 70,562 6,016 33.9 27.8 8.0 11.6 23.3 -4.6 100.0 98.9 1.1 32.2 33.4 8.6 11.3 18.7 -4.3 100.0 98.8 1.2 51.8 24.2 8.6 10.2 10.3 -5.1 100.0 97.2 2.8 68.1 17.4 6.2 6.9 6.4 -5.0 100.0 97.4 2.6 69.4 15.6 5.3 6.8 7.7 -4.7 100.0 96.9 3.1 69.5 18.5 3.6 6.8 6.4 -4.8 100.0 95.9 4.1 62.4 21.8 4.0 7.1 9.8 -5.1 100.0 94.2 5.8 60.2 22.7 4.4 7.2 10.6 -5.1 100.0 93.0 7.0 59.3 23.7 6.0 7.0 9.4 -5.4 100.0 92.1 7.9 4.8 3.9 1.1 1.6 3.3 -0.6 14.0 13.9 0.2 4.9 5.1 1.3 1.7 2.9 -0.7 15.3 15.1 0.2 7.2 3.4 1.2 1.4 1.4 -0.7 13.9 13.5 0.4 12.9 3.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 -0.9 19.0 18.5 0.5 13.8 3.1 1.0 1.3 1.5 -0.9 19.9 19.3 0.6 12.7 3.4 0.7 1.2 1.2 -0.9 18.3 17.5 0.8 10.5 3.7 0.7 1.2 1.7 -0.9 16.8 15.9 1.0 9.7 3.7 0.7 1.2 1.7 -0.8 16.1 15.0 1.1 9.8 3.9 1.0 1.2 1.6 -0.9 16.5 15.2 1.3 51 Table 3.1 - OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940 - 2024 Superfunction and Function 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 In millions of dollars: National Defense Human resources Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services Health Medicare Income Security Social Security (On-budget) (Off-budget) Veterans Benefits and Services Physical resources Energy Natural Resources and Environment Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) Transportation Community and Regional Development Net interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) Other functions International Affairs General Science, Space, and Technology Agriculture Administration of Justice General Government Allowances Undistributed offsetting receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of outlays: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of GDP: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) * 0.05 percent or less 46,815 22,288 643 541 .......... 7,535 8,219 .......... 8,219 5,350 5,188 348 1,407 930 930 .......... 2,334 169 5,604 6,175 -571 6,896 3,364 141 2,411 325 655 .......... -4,385 -4,240 -145 82,405 74,902 7,503 49,015 24,892 789 685 .......... 8,239 9,737 .......... 9,737 5,443 7,813 382 1,632 1,933 1,933 .......... 3,655 211 5,762 6,338 -576 9,229 3,144 294 4,509 356 926 .......... -4,613 -4,449 -164 92,098 83,102 8,996 48,130 26,184 968 795 .......... 7,378 11,602 .......... 11,602 5,441 7,991 464 1,559 1,618 1,618 .......... 4,126 224 6,947 7,511 -563 7,760 2,988 599 2,623 366 1,184 .......... -4,820 -4,632 -188 92,191 81,341 10,850 49,601 29,838 1,063 913 .......... 9,683 12,474 .......... 12,474 5,705 7,754 510 1,779 1,203 1,203 .......... 3,987 275 6,716 7,307 -591 8,621 3,184 1,042 2,641 400 1,354 .......... -4,807 -4,601 -206 97,723 86,046 11,677 52,345 31,630 1,241 1,198 .......... 9,207 14,365 .......... 14,365 5,619 8,831 604 2,044 1,424 1,424 .......... 4,290 469 6,889 7,498 -609 12,401 5,639 1,723 3,562 429 1,049 .......... -5,274 -5,053 -221 106,821 93,286 13,535 53,400 33,522 1,458 1,451 .......... 9,311 15,788 .......... 15,788 5,514 8,013 530 2,251 62 62 .......... 4,596 574 7,740 8,322 -582 14,437 5,308 3,051 4,384 465 1,230 .......... -5,797 -5,555 -242 111,316 96,352 14,964 54,757 35,294 1,555 1,788 .......... 9,657 16,620 .......... 16,620 5,675 9,528 572 2,364 418 418 .......... 5,242 933 8,199 8,805 -607 16,458 4,945 4,897 4,609 489 1,518 .......... -5,708 -5,429 -279 118,528 102,794 15,734 50,620 36,576 2,140 1,791 .......... 9,469 17,460 .......... 17,460 5,716 11,264 699 2,531 1,157 1,157 .......... 5,763 1,114 8,591 9,239 -648 17,086 5,273 5,823 3,954 536 1,499 .......... -5,908 -5,626 -282 118,228 101,699 16,529 58,111 43,257 4,363 2,543 64 9,678 20,694 .......... 20,694 5,916 13,410 612 2,719 3,245 3,245 .......... 5,730 1,105 9,386 10,028 -642 16,911 5,580 6,717 2,447 564 1,603 .......... -6,542 -6,205 -337 134,532 114,817 19,715 56.8 27.0 6.3 6.8 8.4 -5.3 100.0 90.9 9.1 53.2 27.0 8.5 6.3 10.0 -5.0 100.0 90.2 9.8 52.2 28.4 8.7 7.5 8.4 -5.2 100.0 88.2 11.8 50.8 30.5 7.9 6.9 8.8 -4.9 100.0 88.1 11.9 49.0 29.6 8.3 6.4 11.6 -4.9 100.0 87.3 12.7 48.0 30.1 7.2 7.0 13.0 -5.2 100.0 86.6 13.4 46.2 29.8 8.0 6.9 13.9 -4.8 100.0 86.7 13.3 42.8 30.9 9.5 7.3 14.5 -5.0 100.0 86.0 14.0 43.2 32.2 10.0 7.0 12.6 -4.9 100.0 85.3 14.7 9.9 4.7 1.1 1.2 1.5 -0.9 17.4 15.8 1.6 9.7 4.9 1.5 1.1 1.8 -0.9 18.3 16.5 1.8 9.0 4.9 1.5 1.3 1.5 -0.9 17.3 15.2 2.0 9.1 5.5 1.4 1.2 1.6 -0.9 17.9 15.7 2.1 8.9 5.4 1.5 1.2 2.1 -0.9 18.2 15.9 2.3 8.6 5.4 1.3 1.3 2.3 -0.9 18.0 15.6 2.4 8.3 5.3 1.4 1.2 2.5 -0.9 17.9 15.5 2.4 7.1 5.2 1.6 1.2 2.4 -0.8 16.7 14.3 2.3 7.4 5.5 1.7 1.2 2.2 -0.8 17.2 14.7 2.5 52 Table 3.1 - OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940 - 2024 Superfunction and Function 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 71,417 51,272 6,453 3,351 2,748 10,261 21,725 94 21,631 6,735 14,674 782 2,869 3,979 3,979 .......... 5,936 1,108 10,268 11,060 -792 17,126 5,566 6,233 2,990 618 1,719 .......... -7,294 -6,879 -415 157,464 137,040 20,424 81,926 59,375 7,634 4,390 4,649 11,816 23,854 94 23,760 7,032 16,002 1,037 2,988 4,280 4,280 .......... 6,316 1,382 11,090 12,069 -979 17,786 5,301 5,524 4,544 659 1,757 .......... -8,045 -7,600 -445 178,134 155,798 22,336 82,497 66,410 7,548 5,162 5,695 13,076 27,298 414 26,885 7,631 11,869 1,010 2,900 -119 -119 .......... 6,526 1,552 12,699 13,848 -1,149 18,151 4,600 5,020 5,826 766 1,939 .......... -7,986 -7,454 -532 183,640 158,436 25,204 81,692 75,349 8,634 5,907 6,213 15,655 30,270 458 29,812 8,669 15,574 997 3,065 2,112 2,112 .......... 7,008 2,392 14,380 15,948 -1,568 17,286 4,330 4,511 5,166 959 2,320 .......... -8,632 -7,995 -637 195,649 168,042 27,607 78,872 91,901 9,849 6,843 6,622 22,946 35,872 465 35,408 9,768 18,286 1,035 3,915 2,366 2,366 .......... 8,052 2,917 14,841 16,783 -1,942 16,379 4,159 4,182 4,290 1,307 2,442 .......... -10,107 -9,467 -640 210,172 177,346 32,826 79,174 107,211 12,529 8,674 7,479 27,650 40,157 538 39,620 10,720 19,574 1,296 4,241 2,222 1,867 355 8,392 3,423 15,478 17,584 -2,106 18,828 4,781 4,175 5,227 1,684 2,960 .......... -9,583 -8,926 -657 230,681 193,470 37,212 76,681 119,522 12,744 9,356 8,052 28,278 49,090 526 48,565 12,003 20,614 1,237 4,775 931 774 157 9,066 4,605 17,349 19,629 -2,280 24,950 4,149 4,032 4,821 2,174 9,774 .......... -13,409 -12,714 -695 245,707 199,961 45,746 79,347 135,783 12,455 10,733 9,639 33,714 55,867 494 55,373 13,374 25,106 1,303 5,697 4,705 3,932 773 9,172 4,229 21,449 23,969 -2,520 24,423 5,710 3,980 2,194 2,505 10,032 .......... -16,749 -15,985 -764 269,359 216,496 52,862 86,509 173,245 16,022 12,930 12,875 50,176 64,658 499 64,159 16,584 35,449 2,916 7,346 9,947 8,835 1,112 10,918 4,322 23,244 26,047 -2,803 27,487 7,097 3,991 2,997 3,028 10,374 .......... -13,602 -12,686 -916 332,332 270,780 61,552 45.4 32.6 9.3 6.5 10.9 -4.6 100.0 87.0 13.0 46.0 33.3 9.0 6.2 10.0 -4.5 100.0 87.5 12.5 44.9 36.2 6.5 6.9 9.9 -4.3 100.0 86.3 13.7 41.8 38.5 8.0 7.4 8.8 -4.4 100.0 85.9 14.1 37.5 43.7 8.7 7.1 7.8 -4.8 100.0 84.4 15.6 34.3 46.5 8.5 6.7 8.2 -4.2 100.0 83.9 16.1 31.2 48.6 8.4 7.1 10.2 -5.5 100.0 81.4 18.6 29.5 50.4 9.3 8.0 9.1 -6.2 100.0 80.4 19.6 26.0 52.1 10.7 7.0 8.3 -4.1 100.0 81.5 18.5 8.5 6.1 1.8 1.2 2.0 -0.9 18.8 16.4 2.4 9.1 6.6 1.8 1.2 2.0 -0.9 19.8 17.4 2.5 8.4 6.8 1.2 1.3 1.9 -0.8 18.7 16.2 2.6 7.8 7.2 1.5 1.4 1.7 -0.8 18.7 16.1 2.6 7.1 8.2 1.6 1.3 1.5 -0.9 18.8 15.9 2.9 6.5 8.8 1.6 1.3 1.5 -0.8 19.0 15.9 3.1 5.7 8.8 1.5 1.3 1.8 -1.0 18.2 14.8 3.4 5.4 9.2 1.7 1.4 1.6 -1.1 18.2 14.6 3.6 5.4 10.8 2.2 1.4 1.7 -0.8 20.7 16.9 3.8 In millions of dollars: National Defense Human resources Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services Health Medicare Income Security Social Security (On-budget) (Off-budget) Veterans Benefits and Services Physical resources Energy Natural Resources and Environment Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) Transportation Community and Regional Development Net interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) Other functions International Affairs General Science, Space, and Technology Agriculture Administration of Justice General Government Allowances Undistributed offsetting receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of outlays: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of GDP: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) * 0.05 percent or less 53 Table 3.1 - OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940 - 2024 Superfunction and Function 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 In millions of dollars: National Defense Human resources Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services Health Medicare Income Security Social Security (On-budget) (Off-budget) Veterans Benefits and Services Physical resources Energy Natural Resources and Environment Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) Transportation Community and Regional Development Net interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) Other functions International Affairs General Science, Space, and Technology Agriculture Administration of Justice General Government Allowances Undistributed offsetting receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of outlays: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of GDP: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) * 0.05 percent or less 89,619 203,594 18,910 15,734 15,834 60,799 73,899 515 73,384 18,419 39,188 4,204 8,184 7,619 6,534 1,085 13,739 5,442 26,727 29,539 -2,812 27,050 6,433 4,373 3,109 3,430 9,706 .......... -14,386 -13,423 -963 371,792 301,098 70,695 22,269 52,065 5,169 3,924 4,264 14,985 19,763 .......... 19,763 3,960 9,512 1,129 2,524 931 1,657 -726 3,358 1,569 6,949 7,042 -93 9,388 2,458 1,162 972 918 3,878 .......... -4,206 -3,957 -249 95,975 77,281 18,695 97,241 221,895 21,104 17,302 19,345 61,060 85,061 717 84,344 18,022 40,746 5,770 10,032 3,093 3,266 -173 14,829 7,021 29,901 32,551 -2,650 34,315 6,353 4,736 6,734 3,701 12,791 .......... -14,879 -13,902 -977 409,218 328,675 80,543 104,495 242,329 26,706 18,524 22,768 61,509 93,861 741 93,120 18,961 52,590 7,991 10,983 6,254 6,750 -496 15,521 11,841 35,458 37,860 -2,403 39,594 7,482 4,926 11,301 3,923 11,961 .......... -15,720 -14,660 -1,060 458,746 369,585 89,161 116,342 267,574 30,218 20,494 26,495 66,382 104,073 757 103,316 19,914 54,559 9,179 12,135 4,686 5,577 -891 18,079 10,480 42,633 44,857 -2,224 40,396 7,459 5,234 11,176 4,286 12,241 .......... -17,476 -16,362 -1,114 504,028 404,941 99,087 133,995 313,374 31,835 23,169 32,090 86,565 118,547 675 117,872 21,169 65,985 10,156 13,858 9,390 9,821 -431 21,329 11,252 52,533 54,872 -2,339 44,996 12,714 5,831 8,774 4,702 12,975 .......... -19,942 -18,738 -1,204 590,941 477,044 113,898 157,513 362,022 33,146 26,866 39,149 100,304 139,584 670 138,914 22,973 70,886 15,166 13,568 8,206 8,117 89 23,379 10,568 68,766 71,054 -2,288 47,095 13,104 6,468 11,241 4,908 11,373 .......... -28,041 -26,611 -1,430 678,241 542,956 135,285 185,309 388,681 26,609 27,445 46,567 108,158 155,964 844 155,120 23,938 61,752 13,527 12,998 6,256 6,809 -553 20,625 8,347 85,032 87,102 -2,071 51,068 12,300 7,199 15,866 4,842 10,861 .......... -26,099 -24,453 -1,646 745,743 594,892 150,851 209,903 426,011 26,194 28,641 52,588 123,041 170,724 19,993 150,731 24,824 57,603 9,353 12,672 6,681 6,359 322 21,334 7,564 89,808 91,653 -1,845 59,015 11,848 7,934 22,807 5,246 11,181 .......... -33,976 -32,198 -1,778 808,364 660,934 147,430 24.1 54.8 10.5 7.2 7.3 -3.9 100.0 81.0 19.0 23.2 54.2 9.9 7.2 9.8 -4.4 100.0 80.5 19.5 23.8 54.2 10.0 7.3 8.4 -3.6 100.0 80.3 19.7 22.8 52.8 11.5 7.7 8.6 -3.4 100.0 80.6 19.4 23.1 53.1 10.8 8.5 8.0 -3.5 100.0 80.3 19.7 22.7 53.0 11.2 8.9 7.6 -3.4 100.0 80.7 19.3 23.2 53.4 10.5 10.1 6.9 -4.1 100.0 80.1 19.9 24.8 52.1 8.3 11.4 6.8 -3.5 100.0 79.8 20.2 26.0 52.7 7.1 11.1 7.3 -4.2 100.0 81.8 18.2 5.0 11.4 2.2 1.5 1.5 -0.8 20.8 16.9 4.0 4.7 11.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 -0.9 20.3 16.4 4.0 4.8 11.0 2.0 1.5 1.7 -0.7 20.2 16.2 4.0 4.6 10.7 2.3 1.6 1.7 -0.7 20.2 16.3 3.9 4.5 10.4 2.1 1.7 1.6 -0.7 19.6 15.8 3.9 4.8 11.2 2.4 1.9 1.6 -0.7 21.2 17.1 4.1 5.0 11.6 2.3 2.2 1.5 -0.9 21.6 17.3 4.3 5.6 11.7 1.9 2.6 1.5 -0.8 22.5 18.0 4.6 5.9 12.0 1.6 2.5 1.7 -1.0 22.9 18.7 4.2 54 Table 3.1 - OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940 - 2024 Superfunction and Function 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 227,411 432,076 26,916 30,417 57,540 113,405 178,223 7,056 171,167 25,575 57,960 7,073 12,586 6,959 6,599 360 23,669 7,673 111,102 114,411 -3,310 55,214 15,869 8,311 13,477 5,811 11,746 .......... -31,957 -29,913 -2,044 851,805 685,632 166,173 252,743 471,859 28,589 33,541 65,822 129,032 188,623 5,189 183,434 26,251 56,804 5,608 13,345 4,337 4,195 142 25,838 7,676 129,478 133,595 -4,118 68,160 16,169 8,622 25,427 6,426 11,515 .......... -32,698 -30,189 -2,509 946,344 769,396 176,949 273,373 481,625 29,773 35,933 70,164 120,685 198,756 8,072 190,684 26,314 58,722 4,690 13,628 5,058 5,016 42 28,113 7,233 136,017 140,346 -4,329 73,652 14,146 8,962 31,319 6,735 12,491 .......... -33,007 -30,150 -2,857 990,382 806,842 183,540 281,996 502,220 28,918 39,964 75,120 124,137 207,352 4,930 202,422 26,729 55,132 4,072 13,355 6,434 5,492 943 26,222 5,049 138,611 143,901 -5,290 62,513 11,645 9,200 26,466 7,715 7,487 .......... -36,455 -33,155 -3,300 1,004,017 809,243 194,774 290,360 533,426 30,928 44,483 78,878 130,430 219,341 4,852 214,489 29,367 68,625 2,296 14,601 19,163 17,451 1,712 27,272 5,293 151,803 159,219 -7,416 57,169 10,466 10,820 17,088 9,397 9,399 .......... -36,967 -32,585 -4,382 1,064,416 860,012 204,404 303,555 568,803 35,325 48,380 84,964 137,589 232,542 5,069 227,473 30,003 81,553 2,705 16,169 29,709 30,019 -310 27,608 5,362 168,981 180,376 -11,395 58,063 9,583 12,821 16,698 9,644 9,317 .......... -37,212 -32,354 -4,858 1,143,743 932,832 210,911 299,321 619,463 37,167 57,699 98,102 148,838 248,623 3,625 244,998 29,034 126,011 3,341 17,055 67,599 65,973 1,626 29,485 8,531 184,347 200,338 -15,991 60,468 13,758 14,426 11,637 10,185 10,462 .......... -36,615 -31,048 -5,567 1,252,993 1,027,928 225,065 273,285 689,810 41,231 71,168 104,489 172,633 269,014 2,619 266,395 31,275 135,159 2,436 18,544 76,270 74,953 1,317 31,099 6,810 194,448 214,670 -20,222 70,879 15,846 16,092 14,886 12,486 11,568 .......... -39,356 -33,553 -5,804 1,324,226 1,082,539 241,687 298,346 772,599 42,735 89,486 119,024 199,732 287,584 6,166 281,418 34,037 75,586 4,499 20,001 10,918 10,260 659 33,332 6,836 199,344 222,981 -23,637 74,934 16,090 16,389 14,922 14,650 12,883 .......... -39,280 -33,179 -6,101 1,381,529 1,129,191 252,338 26.7 50.7 6.8 13.0 6.5 -3.8 100.0 80.5 19.5 26.7 49.9 6.0 13.7 7.2 -3.5 100.0 81.3 18.7 27.6 48.6 5.9 13.7 7.4 -3.3 100.0 81.5 18.5 28.1 50.0 5.5 13.8 6.2 -3.6 100.0 80.6 19.4 27.3 50.1 6.4 14.3 5.4 -3.5 100.0 80.8 19.2 26.5 49.7 7.1 14.8 5.1 -3.3 100.0 81.6 18.4 23.9 49.4 10.1 14.7 4.8 -2.9 100.0 82.0 18.0 20.6 52.1 10.2 14.7 5.4 -3.0 100.0 81.7 18.3 21.6 55.9 5.5 14.4 5.4 -2.8 100.0 81.7 18.3 5.8 10.9 1.5 2.8 1.4 -0.8 21.6 17.4 4.2 5.9 11.1 1.3 3.0 1.6 -0.8 22.2 18.0 4.1 6.0 10.6 1.3 3.0 1.6 -0.7 21.9 17.8 4.1 5.9 10.5 1.2 2.9 1.3 -0.8 21.1 17.0 4.1 5.7 10.4 1.3 3.0 1.1 -0.7 20.7 16.7 4.0 5.5 10.2 1.5 3.0 1.0 -0.7 20.6 16.8 3.8 5.1 10.5 2.1 3.1 1.0 -0.6 21.2 17.4 3.8 4.5 11.3 2.2 3.2 1.2 -0.6 21.7 17.8 4.0 4.6 12.0 1.2 3.1 1.2 -0.6 21.5 17.6 3.9 In millions of dollars: National Defense Human resources Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services Health Medicare Income Security Social Security (On-budget) (Off-budget) Veterans Benefits and Services Physical resources Energy Natural Resources and Environment Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) Transportation Community and Regional Development Net interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) Other functions International Affairs General Science, Space, and Technology Agriculture Administration of Justice General Government Allowances Undistributed offsetting receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of outlays: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of GDP: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) * 0.05 percent or less 55 Table 3.1 - OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940 - 2024 Superfunction and Function 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 In millions of dollars: National Defense Human resources Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services Health Medicare Income Security Social Security (On-budget) (Off-budget) Veterans Benefits and Services Physical resources Energy Natural Resources and Environment Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) Transportation Community and Regional Development Net interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) Other functions International Affairs General Science, Space, and Technology Agriculture Administration of Justice General Government Allowances Undistributed offsetting receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of outlays: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of GDP: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) * 0.05 percent or less 291,084 827,691 47,374 99,401 130,552 210,137 304,585 6,236 298,349 35,642 46,841 4,319 20,224 -21,853 -23,294 1,441 35,004 9,146 198,713 225,501 -26,788 82,443 17,218 17,006 20,081 15,193 12,944 .......... -37,386 -30,970 -6,416 1,409,386 1,142,799 266,587 281,640 869,550 43,281 107,107 144,747 217,290 319,565 5,683 313,881 37,559 70,677 5,218 21,000 -4,228 -5,331 1,103 38,066 10,620 202,932 232,135 -29,203 74,725 17,067 16,189 14,795 15,516 11,159 .......... -37,772 -31,362 -6,409 1,461,752 1,182,380 279,372 272,063 923,788 51,020 115,399 159,855 223,806 335,846 5,476 330,370 37,862 59,113 4,936 21,889 -17,808 -15,839 -1,969 39,350 10,746 232,134 265,439 -33,305 73,099 16,429 16,692 9,671 16,508 13,799 .......... -44,455 -38,023 -6,432 1,515,742 1,227,078 288,664 265,748 958,274 48,311 119,365 174,225 229,746 349,671 5,802 343,869 36,956 64,170 2,839 21,503 -10,478 -10,298 -180 39,565 10,741 241,053 277,560 -36,507 68,859 13,487 16,684 9,035 17,898 11,755 .......... -37,620 -31,342 -6,278 1,560,484 1,259,580 300,904 270,502 1,002,389 48,972 123,832 190,016 235,035 365,251 6,879 358,372 39,283 59,852 1,475 21,201 -14,640 -14,591 -49 40,767 11,049 243,984 285,198 -41,214 74,362 15,173 17,136 8,889 20,617 12,547 .......... -49,973 -43,490 -6,483 1,601,116 1,290,490 310,626 268,194 1,033,465 50,512 131,425 192,822 237,750 379,215 9,146 370,069 41,741 74,669 1,270 22,278 1,007 790 217 40,343 9,771 241,118 287,748 -46,630 82,206 13,054 18,172 12,077 23,359 15,544 .......... -47,194 -40,142 -7,052 1,652,458 1,335,854 316,604 274,769 1,057,770 50,605 141,048 190,447 242,478 390,037 10,824 379,213 43,155 81,892 911 23,943 2,641 1,620 1,021 42,532 11,865 229,755 281,826 -52,071 98,101 15,239 18,084 22,879 26,536 15,363 .......... -40,445 -33,060 -7,385 1,701,842 1,381,064 320,778 294,363 1,115,517 53,764 154,504 197,113 253,724 409,423 13,254 396,169 46,989 84,925 -761 25,003 3,207 1,178 2,029 46,853 10,623 222,949 282,745 -59,796 113,777 17,213 18,594 36,458 28,499 13,013 .......... -42,581 -34,944 -7,637 1,788,950 1,458,185 330,765 304,732 1,194,417 57,094 172,233 217,384 269,774 432,958 11,701 421,257 44,974 97,492 9 25,532 5,731 3,429 2,302 54,447 11,773 206,167 274,978 -68,811 107,049 16,485 19,753 26,252 30,201 14,358 .......... -47,011 -39,101 -7,910 1,862,846 1,516,008 346,838 20.7 58.7 3.3 14.1 5.8 -2.7 100.0 81.1 18.9 19.3 59.5 4.8 13.9 5.1 -2.6 100.0 80.9 19.1 17.9 60.9 3.9 15.3 4.8 -2.9 100.0 81.0 19.0 17.0 61.4 4.1 15.4 4.4 -2.4 100.0 80.7 19.3 16.9 62.6 3.7 15.2 4.6 -3.1 100.0 80.6 19.4 16.2 62.5 4.5 14.6 5.0 -2.9 100.0 80.8 19.2 16.1 62.2 4.8 13.5 5.8 -2.4 100.0 81.2 18.8 16.5 62.4 4.7 12.5 6.4 -2.4 100.0 81.5 18.5 16.4 64.1 5.2 11.1 5.7 -2.5 100.0 81.4 18.6 4.3 12.2 0.7 2.9 1.2 -0.6 20.8 16.9 3.9 3.9 12.1 1.0 2.8 1.0 -0.5 20.4 16.5 3.9 3.6 12.2 0.8 3.1 1.0 -0.6 20.0 16.2 3.8 3.3 12.1 0.8 3.0 0.9 -0.5 19.6 15.8 3.8 3.2 11.9 0.7 2.9 0.9 -0.6 18.9 15.3 3.7 3.0 11.6 0.8 2.7 0.9 -0.5 18.5 15.0 3.5 2.9 11.2 0.9 2.4 1.0 -0.4 18.0 14.6 3.4 2.9 11.0 0.8 2.2 1.1 -0.4 17.7 14.4 3.3 2.9 11.3 0.9 2.0 1.0 -0.4 17.7 14.4 3.3 56 Table 3.1 - OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940 - 2024 Superfunction and Function 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 In millions of dollars: National Defense Human resources Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services Health Medicare Income Security Social Security (On-budget) (Off-budget) Veterans Benefits and Services Physical resources Energy Natural Resources and Environment Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) Transportation Community and Regional Development Net interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) Other functions International Affairs General Science, Space, and Technology Agriculture Administration of Justice General Government Allowances Undistributed offsetting receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of outlays: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of GDP: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) * 0.05 percent or less 348,456 1,317,547 70,566 196,497 230,855 312,720 455,980 13,969 442,011 50,929 104,308 475 29,426 -407 244 -651 61,833 12,981 170,949 247,769 -76,820 117,026 22,315 20,734 21,965 35,061 16,951 .......... -47,392 -38,514 -8,878 2,010,894 1,655,232 355,662 404,733 1,417,857 82,587 219,541 249,433 334,632 474,680 13,279 461,401 56,984 115,588 -725 29,667 727 5,972 -5,245 67,069 18,850 153,073 236,618 -83,545 123,030 21,199 20,831 22,496 35,340 23,164 .......... -54,382 -44,780 -9,602 2,159,899 1,796,890 363,009 455,813 1,485,809 87,974 240,122 269,360 333,059 495,548 14,348 481,200 59,746 116,259 -147 30,694 5,265 9,395 -4,130 64,627 15,820 160,245 246,473 -86,228 133,252 26,870 23,029 15,439 45,576 22,338 .......... -58,537 -47,206 -11,331 2,292,841 1,913,330 379,511 495,294 1,586,013 97,555 250,548 298,638 345,847 523,305 16,526 506,779 70,120 130,145 440 27,983 7,566 9,357 -1,791 67,894 26,262 183,986 275,822 -91,836 141,743 34,565 23,597 26,565 40,019 16,997 .......... -65,224 -54,283 -10,941 2,471,957 2,069,746 402,211 521,820 1,671,926 118,482 252,739 329,868 352,477 548,549 16,058 532,491 69,811 164,706 785 33,025 6,187 7,262 -1,075 70,244 54,465 226,603 324,325 -97,722 138,245 29,499 23,584 25,969 41,016 18,177 .......... -68,250 -56,625 -11,625 2,655,050 2,232,981 422,069 551,258 1,758,391 91,656 266,382 375,407 365,975 586,153 19,307 566,846 72,818 133,828 -852 31,721 487 -4,606 5,093 72,905 29,567 237,109 343,112 -106,003 130,338 28,482 24,407 17,662 42,362 17,425 .......... -82,238 -69,939 -12,299 2,728,686 2,275,049 453,637 616,066 1,895,637 91,287 280,599 390,758 431,313 617,027 17,830 599,197 84,653 161,889 631 31,820 27,870 25,453 2,417 77,616 23,952 252,757 366,475 -113,718 142,437 28,857 26,773 18,387 48,097 20,323 .......... -86,242 -73,097 -13,145 2,982,544 2,507,793 474,751 661,012 2,155,793 79,749 334,335 430,093 533,224 682,963 34,071 648,892 95,429 443,828 4,755 35,573 291,535 291,231 304 84,289 27,676 186,902 304,856 -117,954 162,781 37,529 28,417 22,237 52,581 22,017 .......... -92,639 -78,413 -14,226 3,517,677 3,000,661 517,016 693,485 2,386,633 128,598 369,068 451,636 622,210 706,737 23,317 683,420 108,384 88,835 11,618 43,667 -82,316 -87,016 4,700 91,972 23,894 196,194 314,696 -118,502 174,048 45,195 30,100 21,356 54,383 23,014 .......... -82,116 -67,180 -14,936 3,457,079 2,902,397 554,682 17.3 65.5 5.2 8.5 5.8 -2.4 100.0 82.3 17.7 18.7 65.6 5.4 7.1 5.7 -2.5 100.0 83.2 16.8 19.9 64.8 5.1 7.0 5.8 -2.6 100.0 83.4 16.6 20.0 64.2 5.3 7.4 5.7 -2.6 100.0 83.7 16.3 19.7 63.0 6.2 8.5 5.2 -2.6 100.0 84.1 15.9 20.2 64.4 4.9 8.7 4.8 -3.0 100.0 83.4 16.6 20.7 63.6 5.4 8.5 4.8 -2.9 100.0 84.1 15.9 18.8 61.3 12.6 5.3 4.6 -2.6 100.0 85.3 14.7 20.1 69.0 2.6 5.7 5.0 -2.4 100.0 84.0 16.0 3.2 12.2 1.0 1.6 1.1 -0.4 18.6 15.3 3.3 3.6 12.6 1.0 1.4 1.1 -0.5 19.1 15.9 3.2 3.8 12.4 1.0 1.3 1.1 -0.5 19.1 15.9 3.2 3.9 12.4 1.0 1.4 1.1 -0.5 19.3 16.1 3.1 3.8 12.3 1.2 1.7 1.0 -0.5 19.5 16.4 3.1 3.9 12.3 0.9 1.7 0.9 -0.6 19.1 15.9 3.2 4.2 12.9 1.1 1.7 1.0 -0.6 20.2 17.0 3.2 4.6 14.9 3.1 1.3 1.1 -0.6 24.4 20.8 3.6 4.7 16.1 0.6 1.3 1.2 -0.6 23.3 19.6 3.7 57 Table 3.1 - OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940 - 2024 Superfunction and Function In millions of dollars: National Defense Human resources Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services Health Medicare Income Security Social Security (On-budget) (Off-budget) Veterans Benefits and Services Physical resources Energy Natural Resources and Environment Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) Transportation Community and Regional Development Net interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) Other functions International Affairs General Science, Space, and Technology Agriculture Administration of Justice General Government Allowances Undistributed offsetting receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of outlays: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of GDP: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) * 0.05 percent or less 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 estimate 705,554 2,414,739 101,233 372,504 485,653 597,349 730,811 101,933 628,878 127,189 161,932 12,174 45,473 -12,564 -13,372 808 92,966 23,883 229,962 345,943 -115,981 179,345 45,685 29,466 20,662 56,056 27,476 .......... -88,467 -73,368 -15,099 3,603,065 3,104,459 498,606 677,852 2,348,587 90,823 346,742 471,793 541,344 773,290 140,387 632,903 124,595 215,287 14,858 41,631 40,647 37,977 2,670 93,019 25,132 220,408 332,801 -112,393 167,965 36,802 29,060 17,791 56,277 28,035 .......... -103,536 -87,944 -15,592 3,526,563 3,018,975 507,588 633,446 2,417,950 72,808 358,316 497,826 536,511 813,551 56,009 757,542 138,938 89,997 11,042 38,145 -83,198 -81,285 -1,913 91,673 32,335 220,885 326,535 -105,650 185,388 46,464 28,908 29,678 52,601 27,737 .......... -92,785 -76,617 -16,168 3,454,881 2,821,070 633,811 603,457 2,525,545 90,615 409,449 511,688 513,644 850,533 25,946 824,587 149,616 59,165 5,270 36,171 -94,861 -92,330 -2,531 91,915 20,670 228,956 329,222 -100,266 177,205 46,879 28,570 24,386 50,457 26,913 .......... -88,044 -72,307 -15,737 3,506,284 2,800,231 706,053 589,659 2,706,828 122,061 482,231 546,202 508,843 887,753 30,990 856,763 159,738 115,168 6,838 36,033 -37,905 -36,195 -1,710 89,533 20,669 223,181 319,149 -95,968 172,814 52,040 29,412 18,500 51,906 20,956 .......... -115,803 -99,795 -16,008 3,691,847 2,948,770 743,077 593,372 2,820,292 109,737 511,297 594,536 514,139 916,067 32,522 883,545 174,516 121,430 3,719 39,082 -34,077 -32,716 -1,361 92,566 20,140 240,033 330,608 -90,575 172,736 45,306 30,174 18,342 55,768 23,146 .......... -95,251 -78,315 -16,936 3,852,612 3,077,939 774,673 598,722 2,899,317 143,976 533,129 597,307 503,484 944,878 37,393 907,485 176,543 133,526 3,856 37,896 -26,685 -24,412 -2,273 93,552 24,907 262,551 349,063 -86,512 177,338 46,309 30,394 18,870 57,944 23,821 .......... -89,826 -72,327 -17,499 3,981,628 3,180,427 801,201 631,161 2,897,403 95,516 551,216 588,706 495,318 987,791 35,752 952,039 178,856 166,783 2,169 39,140 -9,470 -8,005 -1,465 92,785 42,159 324,975 408,784 -83,809 186,589 48,972 31,534 21,787 60,418 23,878 .......... -97,869 -79,676 -18,193 4,109,042 3,260,470 848,572 684,568 3,175,333 142,527 600,966 651,199 533,228 1,046,955 36,327 1,010,628 200,458 148,572 3,194 39,864 -26,394 -25,450 -944 98,907 33,001 393,498 476,241 -82,743 224,158 54,337 33,816 38,068 71,780 26,834 -677 -96,941 -78,901 -18,040 4,529,188 3,620,287 908,901 19.6 67.0 4.5 6.4 5.0 -2.5 100.0 86.2 13.8 19.2 66.6 6.1 6.2 4.8 -2.9 100.0 85.6 14.4 18.3 70.0 2.6 6.4 5.4 -2.7 100.0 81.7 18.3 17.2 72.0 1.7 6.5 5.1 -2.5 100.0 79.9 20.1 16.0 73.3 3.1 6.0 4.7 -3.1 100.0 79.9 20.1 15.4 73.2 3.2 6.2 4.5 -2.5 100.0 79.9 20.1 15.0 72.8 3.4 6.6 4.5 -2.3 100.0 79.9 20.1 15.4 70.5 4.1 7.9 4.5 -2.4 100.0 79.3 20.7 15.1 70.1 3.3 8.7 4.9 -2.1 100.0 79.9 20.1 4.6 15.7 1.1 1.5 1.2 -0.6 23.4 20.2 3.2 4.2 14.6 1.3 1.4 1.0 -0.6 22.0 18.8 3.2 3.8 14.6 0.5 1.3 1.1 -0.6 20.8 17.0 3.8 3.5 14.6 0.3 1.3 1.0 -0.5 20.2 16.2 4.1 3.3 15.0 0.6 1.2 1.0 -0.6 20.4 16.3 4.1 3.2 15.2 0.7 1.3 0.9 -0.5 20.8 16.6 4.2 3.1 15.0 0.7 1.4 0.9 -0.5 20.7 16.5 4.2 3.1 14.3 0.8 1.6 0.9 -0.5 20.3 16.1 4.2 3.2 14.9 0.7 1.8 1.1 -0.5 21.3 17.0 4.3 58 Table 3.1 - OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940 - 2024 Superfunction and Function In millions of dollars: National Defense Human resources Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services Health Medicare Income Security Social Security (On-budget) (Off-budget) Veterans Benefits and Services Physical resources Energy Natural Resources and Environment Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) Transportation Community and Regional Development Net interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) Other functions International Affairs General Science, Space, and Technology Agriculture Administration of Justice General Government Allowances Undistributed offsetting receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of outlays: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) As percentages of GDP: National defense Human resources Physical resources Net interest Other functions Undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Federal outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) * 0.05 percent or less 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate 737,886 3,252,442 112,368 615,950 685,230 514,241 1,107,132 39,766 1,067,366 217,521 178,653 3,536 43,690 -5,126 -5,256 130 100,889 35,664 478,812 560,431 -81,619 208,154 53,125 34,587 19,474 69,025 31,628 315 -110,374 -92,180 -18,194 4,745,573 3,777,890 967,683 762,379 3,395,055 101,911 653,164 718,231 516,473 1,170,976 43,528 1,127,448 234,300 152,619 -5,022 42,895 -13,028 -13,756 728 100,220 27,554 547,504 628,098 -80,594 189,469 49,796 34,332 18,259 71,473 31,038 -15,429 -101,825 -83,071 -18,754 4,945,201 3,916,373 1,028,828 770,030 3,570,939 99,557 635,548 807,156 536,123 1,239,508 47,421 1,192,087 253,047 145,337 378 42,552 -12,862 -13,481 619 87,382 27,887 609,883 687,923 -78,040 184,822 49,485 34,338 18,484 72,323 32,012 -21,820 -103,534 -84,070 -19,464 5,177,477 4,082,275 1,095,202 777,528 3,679,726 95,716 652,750 828,818 537,815 1,312,474 51,503 1,260,971 252,153 135,128 -1,046 40,835 -13,971 -14,519 548 83,440 25,870 663,691 740,420 -76,729 175,809 46,363 33,686 17,472 73,708 32,322 -27,742 -101,797 -81,821 -19,976 5,330,085 4,165,271 1,164,814 784,944 3,782,658 93,022 665,892 846,867 537,271 1,389,854 55,929 1,333,925 249,752 132,628 -2,105 40,933 -11,499 -12,165 666 82,823 22,476 701,694 776,448 -74,754 153,490 45,102 33,831 16,847 75,130 32,486 -49,906 -102,428 -81,919 -20,509 5,452,986 4,213,658 1,239,328 15.5 68.5 3.8 10.1 4.4 -2.3 100.0 79.6 20.4 15.4 68.7 3.1 11.1 3.8 -2.1 100.0 79.2 20.8 14.9 69.0 2.8 11.8 3.6 -2.0 100.0 78.8 21.2 14.6 69.0 2.5 12.5 3.3 -1.9 100.0 78.1 21.9 14.4 69.4 2.4 12.9 2.8 -1.9 100.0 77.3 22.7 3.3 14.5 0.8 2.1 0.9 -0.5 21.2 16.9 4.3 3.2 14.4 0.6 2.3 0.8 -0.4 21.0 16.6 4.4 3.1 14.4 0.6 2.5 0.7 -0.4 20.9 16.5 4.4 3.0 14.1 0.5 2.6 0.7 -0.4 20.5 16.0 4.5 2.9 13.8 0.5 2.6 0.6 -0.4 20.0 15.4 4.5 59 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel Operation and Maintenance Procurement Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Military Construction Family Housing Other 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military 053 Atomic energy defense activities 054 Defense-related activities Total, National Defense 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance 152 International security assistance 153 Conduct of foreign affairs 154 Foreign information and exchange activities 155 International financial programs Total, International Affairs 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities Total, General Science, Space, and Technology 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply 272 Energy conservation 274 Emergency energy preparedness 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation Total, Energy 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources 302 Conservation and land management 303 Recreational resources 304 Pollution control and abatement 306 Other natural resources Total, Natural Resources and Environment 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization 352 Agricultural research and services Total, Agriculture 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit 372 Postal service (On-budget) (Off-budget) 373 Deposit insurance 376 Other advancement of commerce Total, Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation 402 Air transportation 403 Water transportation 407 Other transportation Total, Transportation 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development 452 Area and regional development 453 Disaster relief and insurance Total, Community and Regional Development 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education 502 Higher education 503 Research and general education aids 504 Training and employment 505 Other labor services 506 Social services Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services 550 Health: 551 Health care services 552 Health research and training 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety Total, Health 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social 602 Federal employee retirement and disability 603 Unemployment compensation 604 Housing assistance 605 Food and nutrition assistance 609 Other income security Total, Income Security 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 16,331 11,594 14,532 6,319 1,347 259 -271 50,111 2,074 160 52,345 16,256 11,874 16,632 6,376 1,144 563 -1,696 51,147 2,041 212 53,400 17,422 11,932 15,351 7,021 1,026 550 -717 52,585 1,902 270 54,757 17,913 12,349 11,839 6,236 1,007 563 -1,127 48,780 1,620 220 50,620 20,009 14,710 14,339 6,259 1,334 569 -590 56,629 1,466 16 58,111 22,952 19,000 19,012 7,160 1,536 485 -76 70,069 1,277 71 71,417 25,118 20,578 23,283 7,747 1,281 495 1,853 80,355 1,336 235 81,926 26,914 22,227 23,988 7,457 1,389 574 -1,777 80,771 1,389 337 82,497 29,032 21,609 21,584 7,166 1,168 614 -1,050 80,123 1,415 154 81,692 29,079 20,941 18,858 7,303 1,095 598 -376 77,497 1,385 -10 78,872 2,883 1,958 249 197 353 5,639 3,079 2,185 346 201 -503 5,308 3,367 1,830 231 207 -690 4,945 3,357 1,599 336 224 -242 5,273 3,478 1,590 354 228 -69 5,580 3,085 1,530 369 245 338 5,566 2,879 1,051 354 253 765 5,301 2,484 1,102 370 237 407 4,600 2,341 1,094 398 235 261 4,330 2,296 1,367 405 241 -150 4,159 497 1,226 1,723 534 2,516 3,051 766 4,131 4,897 789 5,034 5,823 858 5,858 6,717 897 5,336 6,233 930 4,594 5,524 938 4,082 5,020 947 3,564 4,511 1,009 3,172 4,182 533 ........... ........... 71 604 451 ........... ........... 80 530 485 ........... ........... 87 572 602 ........... ........... 97 699 510 ........... ........... 101 612 673 ........... ........... 109 782 918 ........... ........... 118 1,037 887 ........... ........... 122 1,010 856 ........... ........... 142 997 880 ........... ........... 155 1,035 1,290 376 123 70 186 2,044 1,448 357 148 87 212 2,251 1,461 364 167 117 255 2,364 1,546 384 175 134 292 2,531 1,704 351 189 158 317 2,719 1,685 417 222 190 354 2,869 1,644 457 269 249 370 2,988 1,591 323 315 303 368 2,900 1,514 436 303 384 428 3,065 1,768 553 397 702 495 3,915 3,222 340 3,562 4,047 337 4,384 4,241 368 4,609 3,551 404 3,954 2,004 444 2,447 2,515 475 2,990 4,032 512 4,544 5,304 521 5,826 4,589 577 5,166 3,651 639 4,290 650 797 797 .......... -394 371 1,424 1,424 .......... -592 770 770 .......... -423 307 62 62 .......... -54 578 578 .......... -436 331 418 418 .......... 277 805 805 .......... -389 465 1,157 1,157 .......... 2,494 888 888 .......... -486 348 3,245 3,245 .......... 2,846 1,141 1,141 .......... -401 394 3,979 3,979 .......... 3,261 1,080 1,080 .......... -522 462 4,280 4,280 .......... -720 920 920 .......... -603 284 -119 -119 .......... 590 1,510 1,510 .......... -501 513 2,112 2,112 .......... 74 2,183 2,183 .......... -383 492 2,366 2,366 .......... 2,855 818 617 ........... 4,290 3,090 851 655 ........... 4,596 3,715 882 646 ........... 5,242 4,105 941 717 ........... 5,763 4,072 961 695 3 5,730 4,139 1,042 749 6 5,936 4,378 1,084 841 13 6,316 4,443 1,206 857 21 6,526 4,678 1,408 895 26 7,008 5,182 1,807 1,027 37 8,052 266 179 23 469 233 307 34 574 316 592 25 933 413 648 53 1,114 423 448 234 1,105 580 450 78 1,108 649 613 120 1,382 833 679 40 1,552 1,449 685 257 2,392 1,728 835 353 2,917 482 328 58 189 74 110 1,241 553 426 55 203 84 137 1,458 579 382 62 291 72 169 1,555 719 413 92 528 97 291 2,140 1,627 706 122 983 101 823 4,363 2,310 1,161 156 1,233 107 1,486 6,453 2,516 1,394 240 1,582 112 1,791 7,634 2,470 1,234 210 1,560 122 1,952 7,548 2,893 1,387 355 1,602 135 2,263 8,634 3,333 1,435 295 1,952 157 2,677 9,849 528 580 89 1,198 623 722 106 1,451 740 925 123 1,788 881 780 130 1,791 1,486 918 138 2,543 2,004 1,184 163 3,351 2,694 1,517 179 4,390 3,360 1,599 203 5,162 3,993 1,688 226 5,907 4,766 1,801 277 6,843 ........... ........... ........... ........... 64 2,748 4,649 5,695 6,213 6,622 661 1,959 3,809 165 275 2,338 9,207 632 2,240 3,344 179 284 2,633 9,311 682 2,554 3,178 150 308 2,785 9,657 668 2,865 2,577 231 299 2,828 9,469 736 3,326 2,215 238 363 2,799 9,678 731 3,802 2,263 271 418 2,776 10,261 944 4,285 2,527 312 505 3,243 11,816 1,035 4,782 2,577 383 587 3,712 13,076 1,032 5,545 3,359 499 960 4,260 15,655 1,613 6,585 6,166 764 2,179 5,640 22,946 60 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 650 Social Security: 651 Social security (On-budget) (Off-budget) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans 704 Veterans housing 705 Other veterans benefits and services Total, Veterans Benefits and Services 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities 753 Federal correctional activities 754 Criminal justice assistance Total, Administration of Justice 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions 802 Executive direction and management 803 Central fiscal operations 804 General property and records management 805 Central personnel management 806 General purpose fiscal assistance 808 Other general government 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts Total, General Government 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds 908 Other interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 909 Other investment income Total, Net Interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) 923 Infrastructure Initiative 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) 926 Spectrum relocation 927 Disability insurance reforms Total, Allowances 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf 954 Sale of major assets 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) N/A = Not available On-budget unless otherwise stated 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 14,365 .......... 14,365 15,788 .......... 15,788 16,620 .......... 16,620 17,460 .......... 17,460 20,694 .......... 20,694 21,725 94 21,631 23,854 94 23,760 27,298 414 26,885 30,270 458 29,812 35,872 465 35,408 3,970 151 1,084 242 172 5,619 4,208 95 1,145 -104 171 5,514 4,148 71 1,229 49 179 5,675 4,216 52 1,269 5 173 5,716 4,185 51 1,318 173 188 5,916 4,547 300 1,390 308 190 6,735 4,668 470 1,468 215 212 7,032 5,041 691 1,562 107 230 7,631 5,552 1,002 1,798 62 255 8,669 5,973 1,644 2,034 -171 287 9,768 269 111 49 ........... 429 288 124 53 ........... 465 306 131 53 ........... 489 333 146 57 ........... 536 355 153 55 1 564 389 165 58 6 618 409 178 63 8 659 470 202 65 29 766 571 245 79 65 959 693 287 94 233 1,307 178 12 492 403 22 212 28 -299 1,049 176 13 542 439 22 232 63 -257 1,230 174 15 607 532 23 241 150 -224 1,518 189 17 636 624 23 238 39 -266 1,499 208 17 671 575 25 268 79 -241 1,603 218 19 725 646 19 305 101 -314 1,719 237 21 745 497 37 339 126 -245 1,757 254 25 790 543 38 430 40 -181 1,939 303 30 914 551 44 535 121 -177 2,320 342 38 991 573 51 535 126 -214 2,442 9,120 -824 -609 -797 -797 .......... ........... 6,889 7,498 -609 9,895 -895 -582 -678 -678 .......... ........... 7,740 8,322 -582 10,666 -1,006 -607 -855 -855 .......... ........... 8,199 8,805 -607 11,346 -1,121 -648 -986 -986 .......... ........... 8,591 9,239 -648 12,014 -1,259 -642 -727 -727 .......... ........... 9,386 10,028 -642 13,391 -1,492 -792 -839 -839 .......... ........... 10,268 11,060 -792 14,573 -1,689 -979 -816 -816 .......... ........... 11,090 12,069 -979 16,588 -1,953 -1,149 -788 -788 .......... ........... 12,699 13,848 -1,149 19,304 -2,367 -1,568 -989 -989 .......... ........... 14,380 15,948 -1,568 20,959 -2,820 -1,942 -1,356 -1,356 .......... ........... 14,841 16,783 -1,942 ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... -5,042 -221 -12 ........... ........... -5,274 -5,053 -221 106,821 93,286 13,535 -5,188 -242 -367 ........... ........... -5,797 -5,555 -242 111,316 96,352 14,964 -5,413 -279 -16 ........... ........... -5,708 -5,429 -279 118,528 102,794 15,734 -5,572 -282 -53 ........... ........... -5,908 -5,626 -282 118,228 101,699 16,529 -5,957 -337 -248 ........... ........... -6,542 -6,205 -337 134,532 114,817 19,715 -6,242 -415 -637 ........... ........... -7,294 -6,879 -415 157,464 137,040 20,424 -6,639 -445 -961 ........... ........... -8,045 -7,600 -445 178,134 155,798 22,336 -7,026 -532 -428 ........... ........... -7,986 -7,454 -532 183,640 158,436 25,204 -7,808 -637 -187 ........... ........... -8,632 -7,995 -637 195,649 168,042 27,607 -8,417 -640 -1,051 ........... ........... -10,107 -9,467 -640 210,172 177,346 32,826 61 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel Operation and Maintenance Procurement Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Military Construction Family Housing Other 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military 053 Atomic energy defense activities 054 Defense-related activities Total, National Defense 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance 152 International security assistance 153 Conduct of foreign affairs 154 Foreign information and exchange activities 155 International financial programs Total, International Affairs 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities Total, General Science, Space, and Technology 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply 272 Energy conservation 274 Emergency energy preparedness 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation Total, Energy 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources 302 Conservation and land management 303 Recreational resources 304 Pollution control and abatement 306 Other natural resources Total, Natural Resources and Environment 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization 352 Agricultural research and services Total, Agriculture 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit 372 Postal service (On-budget) (Off-budget) 373 Deposit insurance 376 Other advancement of commerce Total, Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation 402 Air transportation 403 Water transportation 407 Other transportation Total, Transportation 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development 452 Area and regional development 453 Disaster relief and insurance Total, Community and Regional Development 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education 502 Higher education 503 Research and general education aids 504 Training and employment 505 Other labor services 506 Social services Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services 550 Health: 551 Health care services 552 Health research and training 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety Total, Health 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social 602 Federal employee retirement and disability 603 Unemployment compensation 604 Housing assistance 605 Food and nutrition assistance 609 Other income security Total, Income Security 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 29,571 21,675 17,131 7,881 1,108 688 -409 77,645 1,373 156 79,174 29,773 21,069 15,654 8,157 1,119 729 -1,468 75,033 1,409 240 76,681 30,409 22,478 15,241 8,582 1,407 884 -1,137 77,864 1,486 -3 79,347 32,162 26,297 16,042 8,866 1,462 1,124 -1,101 84,852 1,506 151 86,509 32,546 27,837 15,964 8,923 2,019 1,192 -563 87,917 1,565 137 89,619 8,268 7,232 3,766 2,206 376 296 -338 21,807 435 27 22,269 33,672 30,587 18,178 9,795 1,914 1,358 -357 95,147 1,936 158 97,241 35,553 33,580 19,976 10,508 1,932 1,405 -694 102,259 2,070 166 104,495 37,345 36,440 25,404 11,152 2,080 1,468 -284 113,605 2,541 196 116,342 40,897 44,788 29,021 13,127 2,450 1,680 -1,050 130,912 2,878 206 133,995 2,394 1,446 452 274 215 4,781 1,741 1,427 476 295 211 4,149 2,430 1,824 609 320 527 5,710 3,134 2,535 659 348 421 7,097 2,636 2,683 727 382 4 6,433 1,119 1,470 263 115 -509 2,458 2,823 3,075 982 386 -913 6,353 2,647 3,926 1,128 423 -642 7,482 2,910 3,655 1,310 465 -881 7,459 3,626 4,763 1,366 534 2,425 12,714 979 3,196 4,175 961 3,071 4,032 1,017 2,963 3,980 1,038 2,953 3,991 1,034 3,338 4,373 292 871 1,162 1,078 3,657 4,736 1,160 3,766 4,926 1,297 3,937 5,234 1,381 4,451 5,831 1,089 ........... ........... 207 1,296 1,007 ........... ........... 231 1,237 969 3 ........... 331 1,303 2,446 48 33 389 2,916 3,530 51 65 558 4,204 913 38 32 146 1,129 4,841 143 123 664 5,770 6,075 221 897 798 7,991 7,165 252 1,021 742 9,179 8,367 569 342 877 10,156 1,948 522 439 764 567 4,241 2,221 403 464 1,122 565 4,775 2,200 243 551 2,035 668 5,697 2,608 761 696 2,523 757 7,346 2,742 744 739 3,067 891 8,184 805 193 207 1,091 228 2,524 3,213 736 838 4,279 966 10,032 3,431 1,229 1,207 3,965 1,151 10,983 3,853 1,070 1,239 4,707 1,266 12,135 4,223 1,348 1,372 5,510 1,405 13,858 4,553 675 5,227 4,099 722 4,821 1,458 736 2,194 2,160 837 2,997 2,249 860 3,109 743 229 972 5,735 998 6,734 10,228 1,073 11,301 9,895 1,281 11,176 7,441 1,333 8,774 550 1,772 1,418 355 -597 497 2,222 1,867 355 -399 1,567 1,410 157 -805 568 931 774 157 2,119 2,471 1,698 773 -611 726 4,705 3,932 773 5,463 2,989 1,877 1,112 511 984 9,947 8,835 1,112 4,336 2,805 1,720 1,085 -573 1,051 7,619 6,534 1,085 562 212 938 -726 -63 221 931 1,657 -726 2,609 2,094 2,267 -173 -2,788 1,178 3,093 3,266 -173 4,553 1,282 1,778 -496 -988 1,406 6,254 6,750 -496 3,991 896 1,787 -891 -1,745 1,545 4,686 5,577 -891 5,887 1,246 1,677 -431 -285 2,542 9,390 9,821 -431 5,356 1,907 1,094 36 8,392 5,641 2,159 1,211 56 9,066 5,583 2,216 1,316 57 9,172 7,027 2,387 1,430 74 10,918 9,602 2,531 1,542 65 13,739 2,336 578 415 28 3,358 10,226 2,786 1,741 76 14,829 10,431 3,243 1,787 61 15,521 12,662 3,355 1,969 93 18,079 15,274 3,723 2,229 104 21,329 2,100 928 396 3,423 2,044 981 1,580 4,605 2,108 1,339 782 4,229 2,318 1,607 398 4,322 2,772 2,149 522 5,442 896 563 111 1,569 3,411 2,961 649 7,021 3,298 5,672 2,871 11,841 4,000 4,868 1,611 10,480 4,907 4,303 2,043 11,252 3,686 1,448 319 2,894 184 3,998 12,529 3,573 1,534 429 3,283 202 3,723 12,744 3,573 1,451 621 2,910 219 3,682 12,455 4,349 2,182 790 4,063 259 4,380 16,022 4,200 2,813 783 6,288 301 4,526 18,910 1,074 744 180 1,912 83 1,176 5,169 4,638 3,200 894 6,877 374 5,121 21,104 5,186 3,710 1,033 10,784 410 5,584 26,706 6,123 5,030 1,157 10,833 488 6,588 30,218 6,893 6,723 1,212 10,345 551 6,111 31,835 6,205 2,085 383 8,674 6,527 2,423 406 9,356 7,707 2,497 529 10,733 9,519 2,779 632 12,930 11,725 3,323 686 15,734 2,945 811 168 3,924 13,031 3,524 747 17,302 13,928 3,752 844 18,524 15,988 3,607 899 20,494 18,003 4,161 1,006 23,169 7,479 8,052 9,639 12,875 15,834 4,264 19,345 22,768 26,495 32,090 1,812 7,684 7,072 1,125 3,218 6,740 27,650 2,596 8,902 5,354 1,633 3,641 6,153 28,278 2,750 10,783 6,065 1,826 4,433 7,856 33,714 4,689 13,238 13,459 2,059 6,643 10,088 50,176 3,248 15,484 19,453 2,499 7,959 12,156 60,799 1,166 4,269 4,004 662 1,824 3,060 14,985 3,558 17,735 15,315 2,968 8,527 12,957 61,060 3,365 19,853 11,847 3,682 8,926 13,837 61,509 4,373 22,676 10,813 4,372 10,787 13,361 66,382 5,083 26,611 18,051 5,640 14,016 17,163 86,565 62 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 650 Social Security: 651 Social security (On-budget) (Off-budget) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans 704 Veterans housing 705 Other veterans benefits and services Total, Veterans Benefits and Services 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities 753 Federal correctional activities 754 Criminal justice assistance Total, Administration of Justice 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions 802 Executive direction and management 803 Central fiscal operations 804 General property and records management 805 Central personnel management 806 General purpose fiscal assistance 808 Other general government 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts Total, General Government 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds 908 Other interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 909 Other investment income Total, Net Interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) 923 Infrastructure Initiative 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) 926 Spectrum relocation 927 Disability insurance reforms Total, Allowances 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf 954 Sale of major assets 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) N/A = Not available On-budget unless otherwise stated 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 40,157 538 39,620 49,090 526 48,565 55,867 494 55,373 64,658 499 64,159 73,899 515 73,384 19,763 .......... 19,763 85,061 717 84,344 93,861 741 93,120 104,073 757 103,316 118,547 675 117,872 6,354 1,942 2,423 -310 310 10,720 6,540 2,781 2,710 -368 340 12,003 6,794 3,233 3,004 -4 347 13,374 7,877 4,561 3,663 39 444 16,584 8,369 5,498 4,044 -58 565 18,419 2,085 777 1,038 -47 107 3,960 9,229 3,683 4,706 -131 536 18,022 9,759 3,337 5,252 43 571 18,961 10,793 2,725 5,611 176 609 19,914 11,700 2,310 6,513 -4 649 21,169 843 347 115 380 1,684 1,020 390 140 624 2,174 1,129 426 179 770 2,505 1,426 550 200 853 3,028 1,604 697 208 921 3,430 436 213 57 213 918 1,772 842 240 847 3,701 1,944 943 307 729 3,923 2,109 1,130 337 710 4,286 2,357 1,347 342 656 4,702 404 59 1,155 680 57 672 173 -241 2,960 438 71 1,182 818 66 7,350 157 -309 9,774 521 117 1,299 968 74 6,888 363 -198 10,032 593 63 1,888 395 88 7,184 424 -261 10,374 678 68 1,504 46 107 7,232 393 -322 9,706 183 16 360 46 25 3,173 227 -150 3,878 849 76 1,869 136 100 9,569 448 -256 12,791 909 73 1,988 261 129 8,442 448 -289 11,961 921 81 2,163 255 127 8,369 523 -198 12,241 1,038 97 2,603 283 154 8,582 569 -351 12,975 21,849 -2,983 -2,106 -1,282 -1,282 .......... ........... 15,478 17,584 -2,106 24,167 -3,156 -2,280 -1,382 -1,382 .......... ........... 17,349 19,629 -2,280 29,319 -4,064 -2,520 -1,286 -1,286 .......... ........... 21,449 23,969 -2,520 32,665 -4,861 -2,803 -1,756 -1,756 .......... ........... 23,244 26,047 -2,803 37,076 -4,988 -2,812 -2,549 -2,549 .......... ........... 26,727 29,539 -2,812 8,104 -177 -93 -885 -885 .......... ........... 6,949 7,042 -93 41,915 -5,488 -2,650 -3,875 -3,875 .......... ........... 29,901 32,551 -2,650 48,712 -6,128 -2,403 -4,724 -4,724 .......... ........... 35,458 37,860 -2,403 59,855 -7,727 -2,224 -7,271 -7,271 .......... ........... 42,633 44,857 -2,224 74,803 -9,707 -2,339 -10,224 -10,224 .......... ........... 52,533 54,872 -2,339 ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... -8,646 -657 -279 ........... ........... -9,583 -8,926 -657 230,681 193,470 37,212 -8,759 -695 -3,956 ........... ........... -13,409 -12,714 -695 245,707 199,961 45,746 -9,236 -764 -6,748 ........... ........... -16,749 -15,985 -764 269,359 216,496 52,862 -10,258 -916 -2,428 ........... ........... -13,602 -12,686 -916 332,332 270,780 61,552 -10,761 -963 -2,662 ........... ........... -14,386 -13,423 -963 371,792 301,098 70,695 -2,646 -249 -1,311 ........... ........... -4,206 -3,957 -249 95,975 77,281 18,695 -11,528 -977 -2,374 ........... ........... -14,879 -13,902 -977 409,218 328,675 80,543 -12,401 -1,060 -2,259 ........... ........... -15,720 -14,660 -1,060 458,746 369,585 89,161 -13,095 -1,114 -3,267 ........... ........... -17,476 -16,362 -1,114 504,028 404,941 99,087 -14,638 -1,204 -4,101 ........... ........... -19,942 -18,738 -1,204 590,941 477,044 113,898 63 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel Operation and Maintenance Procurement Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Military Construction Family Housing Other 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military 053 Atomic energy defense activities 054 Defense-related activities Total, National Defense 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance 152 International security assistance 153 Conduct of foreign affairs 154 Foreign information and exchange activities 155 International financial programs Total, International Affairs 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities Total, General Science, Space, and Technology 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply 272 Energy conservation 274 Emergency energy preparedness 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation Total, Energy 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources 302 Conservation and land management 303 Recreational resources 304 Pollution control and abatement 306 Other natural resources Total, Natural Resources and Environment 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization 352 Agricultural research and services Total, Agriculture 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit 372 Postal service (On-budget) (Off-budget) 373 Deposit insurance 376 Other advancement of commerce Total, Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation 402 Air transportation 403 Water transportation 407 Other transportation Total, Transportation 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development 452 Area and regional development 453 Disaster relief and insurance Total, Community and Regional Development 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education 502 Higher education 503 Research and general education aids 504 Training and employment 505 Other labor services 506 Social services Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services 550 Health: 551 Health care services 552 Health research and training 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety Total, Health 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social 602 Federal employee retirement and disability 603 Unemployment compensation 604 Housing assistance 605 Food and nutrition assistance 609 Other income security Total, Income Security 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 47,941 51,878 35,191 15,278 2,458 1,721 -605 153,861 3,398 253 157,513 55,170 59,673 43,271 17,729 2,922 1,993 -65 180,693 4,309 307 185,309 60,886 64,881 53,624 20,552 3,524 2,126 -1,236 204,356 5,171 375 209,903 64,158 67,329 61,879 23,113 3,705 2,413 -1,734 220,863 6,120 428 227,411 67,842 72,336 70,381 27,099 4,260 2,642 548 245,109 7,098 535 252,743 71,511 75,255 76,517 32,279 5,067 2,819 1,993 265,440 7,445 487 273,373 72,020 76,167 80,743 33,592 5,853 2,908 2,637 273,919 7,451 626 281,996 76,337 84,436 77,164 34,788 5,874 3,082 209 281,889 7,913 557 290,360 80,676 86,960 81,619 36,997 5,275 3,257 46 294,829 8,119 606 303,555 75,622 88,294 80,972 37,454 5,080 3,501 -1,228 289,694 8,988 639 299,321 4,131 5,095 1,343 528 2,007 13,104 3,772 5,416 1,625 575 911 12,300 3,955 6,613 1,761 607 -1,089 11,848 4,478 7,924 1,869 688 910 15,869 5,408 9,391 2,038 802 -1,471 16,169 4,967 10,499 2,266 915 -4,501 14,146 4,319 7,106 2,206 998 -2,985 11,645 4,703 4,500 2,726 1,049 -2,513 10,466 4,836 1,467 2,885 1,105 -710 9,583 5,498 8,652 3,045 1,102 -4,539 13,758 1,476 4,992 6,468 1,606 5,593 7,199 1,644 6,290 7,934 1,842 6,469 8,311 2,015 6,607 8,622 2,207 6,756 8,962 2,243 6,957 9,200 2,407 8,413 10,820 2,626 10,196 12,821 2,818 11,609 14,426 10,202 730 3,280 954 15,166 8,263 516 3,877 871 13,527 6,143 477 1,855 878 9,353 3,255 527 2,518 773 7,073 2,615 491 1,838 664 5,608 2,839 515 597 739 4,690 2,318 281 788 684 4,072 746 342 568 640 2,296 1,230 333 621 521 2,705 1,976 365 442 558 3,341 4,132 1,490 1,297 5,170 1,478 13,568 3,948 1,365 1,154 5,012 1,519 12,998 3,904 1,787 1,170 4,263 1,548 12,672 4,070 1,615 1,263 4,044 1,595 12,586 4,122 1,860 1,230 4,465 1,668 13,345 4,041 1,749 1,141 4,831 1,866 13,628 3,783 1,822 1,206 4,869 1,675 13,355 4,034 2,589 1,268 4,832 1,878 14,601 4,271 3,792 1,336 4,878 1,890 16,169 4,401 4,030 1,388 5,156 2,080 17,055 9,783 1,458 11,241 14,344 1,522 15,866 21,316 1,491 22,807 11,828 1,649 13,477 23,702 1,725 25,427 29,570 1,749 31,319 24,697 1,770 26,466 15,223 1,865 17,088 14,699 1,999 16,698 9,550 2,087 11,637 6,063 1,432 1,343 89 -1,371 2,083 8,206 8,117 89 6,056 154 707 -553 -2,056 2,101 6,256 6,809 -553 5,135 1,111 789 322 -1,253 1,688 6,681 6,359 322 4,382 1,239 879 360 -616 1,954 6,959 6,599 360 3,054 1,351 1,210 142 -2,198 2,130 4,337 4,195 142 934 758 716 42 1,394 1,973 5,058 5,016 42 -67 1,593 650 943 3,106 1,802 6,434 5,492 943 4,992 2,229 517 1,712 10,020 1,922 19,163 17,451 1,712 4,978 127 436 -310 21,996 2,608 29,709 30,019 -310 3,845 2,116 490 1,626 57,891 3,747 67,599 65,973 1,626 17,074 3,814 2,381 110 23,379 14,321 3,526 2,687 90 20,625 14,265 4,000 2,969 99 21,334 16,158 4,415 3,010 85 23,669 17,606 4,895 3,201 137 25,838 18,725 5,287 3,964 136 28,113 17,150 5,520 3,461 91 26,222 18,148 5,897 3,111 116 27,272 17,946 6,622 2,916 124 27,608 18,954 7,234 3,151 146 29,485 5,070 3,818 1,680 10,568 4,608 3,841 -102 8,347 4,353 3,212 -1 7,564 4,520 3,034 119 7,673 4,598 3,113 -35 7,676 4,094 2,723 416 7,233 3,679 1,599 -229 5,049 3,448 2,075 -230 5,293 3,693 1,894 -226 5,362 3,530 2,902 2,098 8,531 7,099 8,767 1,171 9,241 587 6,281 33,146 6,722 7,116 1,211 5,464 589 5,508 26,609 6,258 7,184 1,155 5,295 599 5,703 26,194 6,483 7,318 1,330 4,644 639 6,503 26,916 7,598 8,156 1,228 4,972 678 5,957 28,589 7,802 8,359 1,265 5,257 672 6,418 29,773 7,869 7,361 1,358 5,084 675 6,572 28,918 8,377 8,244 1,368 5,215 739 6,984 30,928 9,150 10,584 1,507 5,292 786 8,007 35,325 9,918 11,107 1,572 5,619 810 8,141 37,167 21,205 4,615 1,047 26,866 21,786 4,618 1,041 27,445 23,008 4,552 1,081 28,641 24,522 4,767 1,129 30,417 26,984 5,375 1,182 33,541 28,848 5,920 1,165 35,933 32,614 6,153 1,197 39,964 36,016 7,182 1,285 44,483 39,158 7,865 1,356 48,380 47,641 8,596 1,462 57,699 39,149 46,567 52,588 57,540 65,822 70,164 75,120 78,878 84,964 98,102 5,439 31,296 19,656 7,757 16,205 19,951 100,304 5,571 34,345 23,728 8,741 15,581 20,192 108,158 5,581 36,530 31,464 10,001 17,959 21,506 123,041 5,441 38,080 18,421 11,273 18,103 22,085 113,405 5,617 38,621 17,475 25,266 18,590 23,464 129,032 5,330 41,392 17,753 12,386 18,652 25,173 120,685 5,565 43,782 17,080 12,658 18,987 26,065 124,137 5,294 46,920 15,271 13,909 20,132 28,903 130,430 5,650 49,202 15,616 14,717 21,353 31,050 137,589 5,148 52,037 18,889 15,907 24,131 32,725 148,838 64 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 650 Social Security: 651 Social security (On-budget) (Off-budget) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans 704 Veterans housing 705 Other veterans benefits and services Total, Veterans Benefits and Services 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities 753 Federal correctional activities 754 Criminal justice assistance Total, Administration of Justice 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions 802 Executive direction and management 803 Central fiscal operations 804 General property and records management 805 Central personnel management 806 General purpose fiscal assistance 808 Other general government 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts Total, General Government 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds 908 Other interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 909 Other investment income Total, Net Interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) 923 Infrastructure Initiative 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) 926 Spectrum relocation 927 Disability insurance reforms Total, Allowances 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf 954 Sale of major assets 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) N/A = Not available On-budget unless otherwise stated 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 139,584 670 138,914 155,964 844 155,120 170,724 19,993 150,731 178,223 7,056 171,167 188,623 5,189 183,434 198,756 8,072 190,684 207,352 4,930 202,422 219,341 4,852 214,489 232,542 5,069 227,473 248,623 3,625 244,998 12,921 2,226 6,964 217 645 22,973 13,723 1,917 7,517 120 662 23,938 14,263 1,598 8,272 17 673 24,824 14,412 1,333 8,860 257 712 25,575 14,728 1,029 9,546 230 718 26,251 15,047 496 9,871 128 772 26,314 14,978 424 10,266 344 717 26,729 15,980 424 10,841 1,305 816 29,367 16,562 426 11,342 892 780 30,003 15,261 245 12,133 530 865 29,034 2,582 1,491 361 473 4,908 2,667 1,517 364 294 4,842 3,033 1,627 418 167 5,246 3,356 1,825 494 136 5,811 3,675 2,064 537 150 6,426 3,764 2,176 614 181 6,735 4,272 2,482 711 250 7,715 5,235 2,880 930 352 9,397 4,889 3,255 1,044 455 9,644 4,840 3,577 1,291 477 10,185 1,041 100 2,601 97 159 6,854 745 -222 11,373 1,181 96 2,577 194 136 6,390 503 -216 10,861 1,196 96 3,039 152 115 6,452 767 -636 11,181 1,319 97 3,238 150 139 6,768 548 -513 11,746 1,355 113 3,480 39 164 6,353 517 -506 11,515 1,383 109 3,625 416 126 6,431 479 -78 12,491 1,444 111 3,894 90 143 1,621 806 -623 7,487 1,599 123 4,783 -232 113 1,816 1,891 -694 9,399 1,776 129 5,734 -432 139 2,061 803 -893 9,317 1,759 160 5,824 -33 184 2,161 767 -361 10,462 95,535 -11,523 -2,288 -12,958 -12,958 .......... ........... 68,766 71,054 -2,288 117,227 -13,995 -2,071 -16,129 -16,129 .......... ........... 85,032 87,102 -2,071 128,653 -15,257 -1,845 -21,743 -21,743 .......... ........... 89,808 91,653 -1,845 153,866 -17,044 -3,310 -22,410 -22,410 .......... ........... 111,102 114,411 -3,310 178,871 -21,838 -4,118 -23,438 -23,438 .......... ........... 129,478 133,595 -4,118 190,272 -26,628 -4,329 -23,298 -23,298 .......... ........... 136,017 140,346 -4,329 195,242 -29,614 -5,290 -21,727 -21,727 .......... ........... 138,611 143,901 -5,290 214,047 -34,406 -7,416 -20,422 -20,422 .......... ........... 151,803 159,219 -7,416 240,845 -40,467 -11,395 -20,003 -20,003 .......... ........... 168,981 180,376 -11,395 264,691 -46,321 -15,991 -18,032 -18,032 .......... ........... 184,347 200,338 -15,991 ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... -16,473 -1,430 -10,138 ........... ........... -28,041 -26,611 -1,430 678,241 542,956 135,285 -18,203 -1,646 -6,250 ........... ........... -26,099 -24,453 -1,646 745,743 594,892 150,851 -21,706 -1,778 -10,491 ........... ........... -33,976 -32,198 -1,778 808,364 660,934 147,430 -23,219 -2,044 -6,694 ........... ........... -31,957 -29,913 -2,044 851,805 685,632 166,173 -24,648 -2,509 -5,542 ........... ........... -32,698 -30,189 -2,509 946,344 769,396 176,949 -25,434 -2,857 -4,716 ........... ........... -33,007 -30,150 -2,857 990,382 806,842 183,540 -27,259 -3,300 -4,021 -1,875 ........... -36,455 -33,155 -3,300 1,004,017 809,243 194,774 -29,037 -4,382 -3,548 ........... ........... -36,967 -32,585 -4,382 1,064,416 860,012 204,404 -29,425 -4,858 -2,929 ........... ........... -37,212 -32,354 -4,858 1,143,743 932,832 210,911 -28,044 -5,567 -3,004 ........... ........... -36,615 -31,048 -5,567 1,252,993 1,027,928 225,065 65 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel Operation and Maintenance Procurement Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Military Construction Family Housing Other 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military 053 Atomic energy defense activities 054 Defense-related activities Total, National Defense 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance 152 International security assistance 153 Conduct of foreign affairs 154 Foreign information and exchange activities 155 International financial programs Total, International Affairs 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities Total, General Science, Space, and Technology 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply 272 Energy conservation 274 Emergency energy preparedness 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation Total, Energy 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources 302 Conservation and land management 303 Recreational resources 304 Pollution control and abatement 306 Other natural resources Total, Natural Resources and Environment 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization 352 Agricultural research and services Total, Agriculture 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit 372 Postal service (On-budget) (Off-budget) 373 Deposit insurance 376 Other advancement of commerce Total, Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation 402 Air transportation 403 Water transportation 407 Other transportation Total, Transportation 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development 452 Area and regional development 453 Disaster relief and insurance Total, Community and Regional Development 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education 502 Higher education 503 Research and general education aids 504 Training and employment 505 Other labor services 506 Social services Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services 550 Health: 551 Health care services 552 Health research and training 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety Total, Health 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social 602 Federal employee retirement and disability 603 Unemployment compensation 604 Housing assistance 605 Food and nutrition assistance 609 Other income security Total, Income Security 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 83,439 101,715 82,028 34,585 3,497 3,296 -46,236 262,324 9,998 964 273,285 81,171 91,939 74,880 34,628 4,262 3,271 -3,317 286,834 10,613 899 298,346 75,904 94,036 69,935 36,964 4,831 3,255 -6,429 278,497 11,011 1,577 291,084 73,137 87,868 61,768 34,759 4,979 3,316 2,727 268,553 11,884 1,202 281,640 70,809 91,017 54,981 34,590 6,823 3,571 -2,418 259,373 11,769 921 272,063 66,669 88,711 48,913 36,490 6,683 3,828 1,836 253,130 11,637 981 265,748 69,724 92,408 47,690 37,011 6,187 4,003 1,228 258,251 11,267 984 270,502 68,976 93,412 48,206 37,416 6,044 3,871 -2,132 255,793 11,262 1,139 268,194 69,503 96,344 48,826 37,359 5,521 3,692 -47 261,198 12,221 1,350 274,769 75,950 105,812 51,696 37,602 5,109 3,413 1,447 281,029 12,138 1,196 294,363 5,141 9,823 3,279 1,252 -3,648 15,846 6,132 7,490 3,879 1,279 -2,689 16,090 5,825 7,639 4,298 1,351 -1,896 17,218 7,048 6,642 4,544 1,397 -2,564 17,067 7,598 5,252 4,189 1,416 -2,026 16,429 6,160 4,565 3,753 1,186 -2,177 13,487 6,003 4,632 3,917 1,171 -550 15,173 5,395 5,135 3,259 1,158 -1,893 13,054 5,653 5,531 4,160 1,226 -1,331 15,239 6,516 6,387 4,708 817 -1,215 17,213 3,136 12,957 16,092 3,551 12,838 16,389 3,914 13,092 17,006 3,825 12,363 16,189 4,099 12,593 16,692 3,991 12,693 16,684 4,080 13,056 17,136 5,306 12,866 18,172 5,638 12,446 18,084 6,167 12,427 18,594 1,945 386 -235 340 2,436 3,226 468 319 486 4,499 3,286 521 336 176 4,319 3,899 582 275 462 5,218 3,584 671 223 458 4,936 1,649 624 141 425 2,839 626 572 23 254 1,475 181 621 233 235 1,270 -118 586 225 218 911 -1,818 666 162 229 -761 4,366 4,646 1,531 5,854 2,148 18,544 4,559 5,268 1,681 6,073 2,420 20,001 4,258 5,498 1,890 6,066 2,512 20,224 4,488 5,789 1,871 6,042 2,811 21,000 4,625 5,958 1,998 6,502 2,806 21,889 4,536 5,980 1,933 6,180 2,874 21,503 4,411 5,669 2,029 6,284 2,808 21,201 4,647 6,204 2,092 6,417 2,918 22,278 4,725 6,367 2,657 6,891 3,303 23,943 5,078 6,762 2,540 7,395 3,228 25,003 12,743 2,143 14,886 12,499 2,423 14,922 17,557 2,524 20,081 12,219 2,575 14,795 7,037 2,634 9,671 6,478 2,557 9,035 6,261 2,628 8,889 9,313 2,764 12,077 20,039 2,840 22,879 33,442 3,016 36,458 5,362 1,828 511 1,317 66,232 2,848 76,270 74,953 1,317 4,320 1,169 511 659 2,518 2,911 10,918 10,260 659 1,554 1,602 161 1,441 -27,957 2,949 -21,853 -23,294 1,441 -501 1,233 130 1,103 -7,570 2,609 -4,228 -5,331 1,103 -1,038 -1,839 130 -1,969 -17,827 2,896 -17,808 -15,839 -1,969 -5,025 -58 122 -180 -8,394 2,999 -10,478 -10,298 -180 -4,006 77 126 -49 -14,384 3,673 -14,640 -14,591 -49 -2,934 303 86 217 -4,371 8,009 1,007 790 217 364 1,050 29 1,021 -5,280 6,507 2,641 1,620 1,021 -3,335 2,129 100 2,029 -3,053 7,466 3,207 1,178 2,029 19,545 8,184 3,148 223 31,099 20,347 9,313 3,429 244 33,332 21,251 10,049 3,423 281 35,004 23,940 10,146 3,648 333 38,066 25,297 10,020 3,732 301 39,350 25,650 10,135 3,460 320 39,565 26,795 10,138 3,554 280 40,767 26,004 10,622 3,518 199 40,343 28,052 10,720 3,546 214 42,532 31,697 10,571 4,394 191 46,853 3,543 2,745 522 6,810 3,643 2,317 876 6,836 3,681 2,541 2,924 9,146 4,133 2,337 4,150 10,620 4,744 2,723 3,279 10,746 4,860 2,727 3,154 10,741 4,962 2,741 3,346 11,049 5,118 2,512 2,141 9,771 5,116 2,327 4,422 11,865 5,480 2,538 2,605 10,623 11,372 11,961 1,775 5,934 788 9,401 41,231 12,402 11,268 1,995 6,479 884 9,708 42,735 13,481 14,474 2,053 6,700 948 9,718 47,374 14,258 7,875 2,098 7,097 958 10,994 43,281 14,694 14,172 2,128 7,430 965 11,631 51,020 14,871 12,191 2,228 7,030 925 11,066 48,311 15,073 12,298 2,150 6,681 1,009 11,761 48,972 16,606 12,070 2,280 6,636 1,036 11,884 50,512 17,589 10,672 2,333 6,783 1,076 12,152 50,605 20,578 10,115 2,543 6,777 1,194 12,557 53,764 60,722 8,886 1,560 71,168 77,717 10,012 1,757 89,486 86,858 10,781 1,762 99,401 94,259 10,986 1,863 107,107 101,912 11,569 1,918 115,399 106,609 10,827 1,929 119,365 109,962 11,847 2,023 123,832 116,321 13,073 2,031 131,425 124,494 14,383 2,171 141,048 136,201 15,979 2,324 154,504 104,489 119,024 130,552 144,747 159,855 174,225 190,016 192,822 190,447 197,113 4,945 56,151 27,084 17,198 28,649 38,605 172,633 5,483 57,646 39,466 18,944 32,787 45,406 199,732 4,347 60,093 37,802 21,582 35,312 51,002 210,137 5,720 62,540 28,729 23,941 36,892 59,468 217,290 5,106 65,882 23,638 27,590 37,594 63,996 223,806 5,234 68,071 24,898 26,837 37,933 66,773 229,746 4,721 71,539 22,888 27,881 36,061 71,945 235,035 4,632 73,485 22,070 28,828 33,585 75,150 237,750 1,878 75,146 23,631 27,799 33,147 80,877 242,478 5,189 77,152 23,012 28,949 32,483 86,939 253,724 66 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 650 Social Security: 651 Social security (On-budget) (Off-budget) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans 704 Veterans housing 705 Other veterans benefits and services Total, Veterans Benefits and Services 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities 753 Federal correctional activities 754 Criminal justice assistance Total, Administration of Justice 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions 802 Executive direction and management 803 Central fiscal operations 804 General property and records management 805 Central personnel management 806 General purpose fiscal assistance 808 Other general government 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts Total, General Government 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds 908 Other interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 909 Other investment income Total, Net Interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) 923 Infrastructure Initiative 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) 926 Spectrum relocation 927 Disability insurance reforms Total, Allowances 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf 954 Sale of major assets 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) N/A = Not available On-budget unless otherwise stated 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 269,014 2,619 266,395 287,584 6,166 281,418 304,585 6,236 298,349 319,565 5,683 313,881 335,846 5,476 330,370 349,671 5,802 343,869 365,251 6,879 358,372 379,215 9,146 370,069 390,037 10,824 379,213 409,423 13,254 396,169 16,981 393 12,889 100 913 31,275 17,318 746 14,091 917 966 34,037 17,781 788 14,812 1,314 947 35,642 19,638 1,075 15,677 212 957 37,559 18,993 1,082 16,428 344 1,015 37,862 18,228 1,073 16,586 80 989 36,956 20,435 1,113 17,093 -327 969 39,283 21,350 1,058 17,545 853 935 41,741 22,184 1,222 18,168 580 1,001 43,155 24,907 1,285 19,516 364 917 46,989 5,872 4,352 1,600 663 12,486 6,687 5,054 2,114 795 14,650 6,912 5,336 2,124 822 15,193 6,873 5,469 2,315 859 15,516 6,646 6,115 2,749 998 16,508 7,324 6,067 3,013 1,494 17,898 8,528 6,317 2,939 2,833 20,617 10,420 6,682 2,682 3,575 23,359 11,459 7,427 3,204 4,446 26,536 12,121 7,762 3,707 4,909 28,499 1,871 190 6,132 587 141 2,100 1,266 -718 11,568 2,084 188 6,628 616 214 1,865 1,767 -480 12,883 2,120 196 7,017 924 190 1,935 1,300 -739 12,944 2,032 232 7,370 498 210 1,937 968 -2,087 11,159 1,996 217 7,900 815 134 2,220 1,594 -1,077 13,799 1,967 204 7,445 682 103 2,059 989 -1,694 11,755 1,925 223 7,383 925 137 2,189 1,262 -1,497 12,547 2,007 272 10,064 801 116 2,188 951 -855 15,544 2,095 446 9,434 -67 156 1,958 2,225 -884 15,363 2,227 456 8,285 -32 184 2,084 2,192 -2,383 13,013 285,421 -50,426 -20,222 -20,325 -20,325 .......... ........... 194,448 214,670 -20,222 292,294 -54,193 -23,637 -15,120 -15,120 .......... ........... 199,344 222,981 -23,637 292,479 -55,537 -26,788 -11,442 -11,442 .......... ........... 198,713 225,501 -26,788 296,253 -56,494 -29,203 -7,623 -7,623 .......... ........... 202,932 232,135 -29,203 332,379 -59,871 -33,305 -7,069 -7,069 .......... ........... 232,134 265,439 -33,305 343,918 -60,869 -36,507 -5,489 -5,489 .......... ........... 241,053 277,560 -36,507 355,764 -63,776 -41,214 -6,790 -6,790 .......... ........... 243,984 285,198 -41,214 363,759 -67,208 -46,629 -8,803 -8,802 -1 -1 241,118 287,748 -46,630 353,463 -66,520 -52,070 -5,117 -5,116 -1 -1 229,755 281,826 -52,071 361,925 -69,290 -59,796 -9,888 -9,888 .......... -2 222,949 282,745 -59,796 ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... -30,402 -5,804 -3,150 ........... ........... -39,356 -33,553 -5,804 1,324,226 1,082,539 241,687 -30,680 -6,101 -2,498 ........... ........... -39,280 -33,179 -6,101 1,381,529 1,129,191 252,338 -28,186 -6,416 -2,785 ........... ........... -37,386 -30,970 -6,416 1,409,386 1,142,799 266,587 -28,361 -6,409 -3,001 ........... ........... -37,772 -31,362 -6,409 1,461,752 1,182,380 279,372 -27,961 -6,432 -2,418 ........... -7,644 -44,455 -38,023 -6,432 1,515,742 1,227,078 288,664 -27,259 -6,278 -3,741 ........... -342 -37,620 -31,342 -6,278 1,560,484 1,259,580 300,904 -27,773 -6,483 -4,711 ........... -11,006 -49,973 -43,490 -6,483 1,601,116 1,290,490 310,626 -27,820 -7,052 -4,522 -5,158 -2,642 -47,194 -40,142 -7,052 1,652,458 1,335,854 316,604 -28,209 -7,385 -3,098 ........... -1,753 -40,445 -33,060 -7,385 1,701,842 1,381,064 320,778 -30,214 -7,637 -4,580 ........... -150 -42,581 -34,944 -7,637 1,788,950 1,458,185 330,765 67 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel Operation and Maintenance Procurement Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Military Construction Family Housing Other 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military 053 Atomic energy defense activities 054 Defense-related activities Total, National Defense 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance 152 International security assistance 153 Conduct of foreign affairs 154 Foreign information and exchange activities 155 International financial programs Total, International Affairs 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities Total, General Science, Space, and Technology 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply 272 Energy conservation 274 Emergency energy preparedness 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation Total, Energy 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources 302 Conservation and land management 303 Recreational resources 304 Pollution control and abatement 306 Other natural resources Total, Natural Resources and Environment 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization 352 Agricultural research and services Total, Agriculture 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit 372 Postal service (On-budget) (Off-budget) 373 Deposit insurance 376 Other advancement of commerce Total, Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation 402 Air transportation 403 Water transportation 407 Other transportation Total, Transportation 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development 452 Area and regional development 453 Disaster relief and insurance Total, Community and Regional Development 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education 502 Higher education 503 Research and general education aids 504 Training and employment 505 Other labor services 506 Social services Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services 550 Health: 551 Health care services 552 Health research and training 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety Total, Health 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social 602 Federal employee retirement and disability 603 Unemployment compensation 604 Housing assistance 605 Food and nutrition assistance 609 Other income security Total, Income Security 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 73,977 111,964 54,986 40,455 4,977 3,516 310 290,185 12,931 1,616 304,732 86,799 130,005 62,515 44,389 5,052 3,736 -651 331,845 14,795 1,816 348,456 106,744 151,408 67,926 53,098 5,851 3,784 -1,675 387,136 16,018 1,579 404,733 113,576 174,045 76,216 60,759 6,312 3,905 1,626 436,439 16,605 2,769 455,813 127,463 188,118 82,294 65,694 5,331 3,720 1,451 474,071 18,031 3,192 495,294 127,543 203,789 89,757 68,629 6,245 3,717 -383 499,297 17,465 5,058 521,820 127,544 216,631 99,647 73,136 7,899 3,473 218 528,548 17,042 5,668 551,258 138,940 244,836 117,398 75,120 11,563 3,590 3,185 594,632 17,122 4,312 616,066 147,348 259,312 129,218 79,030 17,614 2,721 1,499 636,742 17,546 6,724 661,012 155,690 275,988 133,603 76,990 21,169 3,173 90 666,703 19,308 7,474 693,485 7,185 6,560 5,048 804 -3,112 16,485 7,812 7,907 7,035 906 -1,345 22,315 10,324 8,620 6,681 959 -5,385 21,199 13,807 8,369 7,895 1,140 -4,341 26,870 17,696 7,895 9,148 1,129 -1,303 34,565 16,693 7,811 8,559 1,162 -4,726 29,499 15,524 7,982 8,379 1,220 -4,623 28,482 14,074 9,480 10,388 1,330 -6,415 28,857 22,095 6,247 12,152 1,330 -4,295 37,529 19,014 11,363 13,557 1,485 -224 45,195 6,520 13,233 19,753 7,261 13,473 20,734 7,951 12,880 20,831 8,392 14,637 23,029 8,819 14,778 23,597 9,093 14,491 23,584 9,149 15,258 24,407 9,573 17,200 26,773 10,020 18,397 28,417 11,730 18,370 30,100 -1,145 760 159 235 9 -803 878 169 231 475 -2,051 897 182 247 -725 -1,536 926 158 305 -147 -929 883 162 324 440 234 747 -441 245 785 -1,983 580 195 356 -852 -413 409 179 456 631 2,051 1,432 754 518 4,755 5,801 4,997 199 621 11,618 5,237 7,109 2,311 7,502 3,373 25,532 5,570 9,797 2,735 7,602 3,722 29,426 5,492 9,739 2,843 8,201 3,392 29,667 5,571 9,758 2,944 8,473 3,948 30,694 5,726 6,226 2,990 8,065 4,976 27,983 8,030 7,813 3,042 8,565 5,575 33,025 5,104 9,646 2,956 8,410 5,605 31,721 6,074 8,718 3,208 8,079 5,741 31,820 8,068 9,813 3,550 8,270 5,872 35,573 11,662 10,783 3,911 10,841 6,470 43,667 22,746 3,506 26,252 18,371 3,594 21,965 18,302 4,194 22,496 11,182 4,257 15,439 22,043 4,522 26,565 21,405 4,564 25,969 13,089 4,573 17,662 13,756 4,631 18,387 17,628 4,609 22,237 16,478 4,878 21,356 -1,164 2,395 93 2,302 -1,569 6,069 5,731 3,429 2,302 -7,015 207 858 -651 -1,026 7,427 -407 244 -651 -4,591 -5,169 76 -5,245 -1,430 11,917 727 5,972 -5,245 2,659 -4,070 60 -4,130 -1,976 8,652 5,265 9,395 -4,130 -862 -1,223 568 -1,791 -1,371 11,022 7,566 9,357 -1,791 -619 -971 104 -1,075 -1,110 8,887 6,187 7,262 -1,075 -4,986 -3,161 -8,254 5,093 -1,492 10,126 487 -4,606 5,093 17 -3,074 -5,491 2,417 18,760 12,167 27,870 25,453 2,417 99,760 -978 -1,282 304 22,573 170,180 291,535 291,231 304 35,804 -682 -5,382 4,700 -32,033 -85,405 -82,316 -87,016 4,700 35,804 13,975 4,401 267 54,447 40,158 16,538 5,041 96 61,833 37,491 23,343 5,907 328 67,069 40,744 16,743 6,898 242 64,627 42,317 18,807 6,439 331 67,894 45,209 18,005 6,688 342 70,244 46,818 18,096 7,695 296 72,905 49,978 19,399 8,121 118 77,616 54,103 20,799 9,093 294 84,289 60,784 21,431 9,351 406 91,972 5,313 2,634 3,826 11,773 5,998 2,633 4,350 12,981 6,346 2,397 10,107 18,850 6,167 2,351 7,302 15,820 5,861 2,745 17,656 26,262 5,845 2,580 46,040 54,465 11,834 2,514 15,219 29,567 10,198 2,584 11,170 23,952 7,719 3,221 16,736 27,676 9,901 3,249 10,744 23,894 22,858 9,568 2,728 7,192 1,268 13,480 57,094 25,879 17,049 2,950 8,354 1,433 14,901 70,566 31,473 22,697 2,992 8,379 1,473 15,573 82,587 34,360 25,264 3,031 7,918 1,546 15,855 87,974 38,271 31,442 3,124 6,852 1,615 16,251 97,555 39,710 50,471 2,998 7,199 1,631 16,473 118,482 38,427 24,637 3,153 7,080 1,635 16,724 91,656 38,918 23,566 3,194 7,181 1,623 16,805 91,287 53,206 -3,258 3,456 7,652 1,646 17,047 79,749 73,261 20,908 3,631 9,854 1,765 19,179 128,598 151,874 17,926 2,433 172,233 172,550 21,356 2,591 196,497 192,573 24,044 2,924 219,541 210,080 27,099 2,943 240,122 219,559 28,050 2,939 250,548 220,800 28,828 3,111 252,739 233,878 29,279 3,225 266,382 247,739 29,883 2,977 280,599 300,013 30,570 3,752 334,335 330,710 34,214 4,144 369,068 217,384 230,855 249,433 269,360 298,638 329,868 375,407 390,758 430,093 451,636 5,761 80,972 30,242 30,250 34,053 88,496 269,774 5,741 83,361 53,267 33,251 38,150 98,950 312,720 7,047 85,154 57,054 35,525 42,526 107,326 334,632 6,573 88,729 44,994 36,790 46,012 109,961 333,059 6,976 93,351 35,435 37,899 50,833 121,353 345,847 4,592 98,296 33,814 38,295 53,928 123,552 352,477 7,829 103,916 35,107 39,715 54,458 124,950 365,975 8,899 108,998 45,340 40,556 60,673 166,847 431,313 8,218 118,119 122,537 50,913 79,080 154,357 533,224 6,564 119,867 160,145 58,651 95,110 181,873 622,210 68 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 650 Social Security: 651 Social security (On-budget) (Off-budget) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans 704 Veterans housing 705 Other veterans benefits and services Total, Veterans Benefits and Services 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities 753 Federal correctional activities 754 Criminal justice assistance Total, Administration of Justice 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions 802 Executive direction and management 803 Central fiscal operations 804 General property and records management 805 Central personnel management 806 General purpose fiscal assistance 808 Other general government 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts Total, General Government 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds 908 Other interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 909 Other investment income Total, Net Interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) 923 Infrastructure Initiative 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) 926 Spectrum relocation 927 Disability insurance reforms Total, Allowances 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf 954 Sale of major assets 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) N/A = Not available On-budget unless otherwise stated 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 432,958 11,701 421,257 455,980 13,969 442,011 474,680 13,279 461,401 495,548 14,348 481,200 523,305 16,526 506,779 548,549 16,058 532,491 586,153 19,307 566,846 617,027 17,830 599,197 682,963 34,071 648,892 706,737 23,317 683,420 22,498 1,193 20,959 -904 1,228 44,974 26,720 1,726 22,290 -1,006 1,199 50,929 29,091 2,106 24,082 505 1,200 56,984 30,849 2,562 26,859 -1,982 1,458 59,746 35,767 2,790 28,754 860 1,949 70,120 35,771 2,638 29,888 -1,242 2,756 69,811 35,684 2,713 32,294 -868 2,995 72,818 41,338 2,730 36,974 -419 4,030 84,653 45,952 3,495 41,882 -578 4,678 95,429 49,163 8,089 45,714 540 4,878 108,384 12,542 8,298 4,206 5,155 30,201 15,408 9,139 4,746 5,768 35,061 15,745 9,889 4,580 5,126 35,340 19,131 10,444 4,750 11,251 45,576 19,912 10,658 4,845 4,604 40,019 20,039 11,157 5,052 4,768 41,016 20,735 12,110 5,172 4,345 42,362 25,574 13,014 5,655 3,854 48,097 28,584 13,372 6,009 4,616 52,581 28,713 14,494 6,327 4,849 54,383 2,315 457 9,144 -73 184 2,308 1,777 -1,754 14,358 2,639 639 10,215 -423 47 2,403 2,243 -812 16,951 2,847 706 11,455 200 203 7,464 2,034 -1,745 23,164 3,195 503 9,301 224 217 7,675 2,291 -1,068 22,338 3,460 569 9,515 472 101 3,333 2,388 -2,841 16,997 3,455 522 10,163 327 151 3,798 1,120 -1,359 18,177 3,553 490 10,298 285 -20 3,556 1,609 -2,346 17,425 3,667 525 10,553 570 -12 4,089 1,393 -462 20,323 3,823 535 10,752 554 102 4,097 3,166 -1,012 22,017 4,100 528 11,906 1,194 338 5,082 1,587 -1,721 23,014 359,476 -75,302 -68,811 -9,194 -9,194 .......... -2 206,167 274,978 -68,811 332,537 -76,494 -76,819 -8,275 -8,274 -1 ........... 170,949 247,769 -76,820 318,141 -72,523 -83,544 -6,541 -6,540 -1 -2,460 153,073 236,618 -83,545 321,679 -67,761 -86,228 -4,473 -4,473 .......... -2,972 160,245 246,473 -86,228 352,345 -69,153 -91,836 -3,945 -3,945 .......... -3,425 183,986 275,822 -91,836 405,866 -71,574 -97,722 -7,306 -7,306 .......... -2,661 226,603 324,325 -97,722 429,966 -71,964 -106,003 -10,131 -10,131 .......... -4,759 237,109 343,112 -106,003 451,143 -77,821 -113,718 -12,874 -12,874 .......... 6,027 252,757 366,475 -113,718 383,073 -63,600 -117,954 -14,966 -14,966 .......... 349 186,902 304,856 -117,954 413,934 -67,268 -118,502 -29,539 -29,539 .......... -2,431 196,194 314,696 -118,502 ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... -30,883 -7,910 -7,194 ........... -1,024 -47,011 -39,101 -7,910 1,862,846 1,516,008 346,838 -33,489 -8,878 -5,024 ........... -1 -47,392 -38,514 -8,878 2,010,894 1,655,232 355,662 -39,751 -9,602 -5,029 ........... ........... -54,382 -44,780 -9,602 2,159,899 1,796,890 363,009 -42,100 -11,331 -5,106 ........... ........... -58,537 -47,206 -11,331 2,292,841 1,913,330 379,511 -47,977 -10,941 -6,146 ........... -160 -65,224 -54,283 -10,941 2,471,957 2,069,746 402,211 -49,231 -11,625 -7,283 ........... -111 -68,250 -56,625 -11,625 2,655,050 2,232,981 422,069 -49,476 -12,299 -6,763 ........... -13,700 -82,238 -69,939 -12,299 2,728,686 2,275,049 453,637 -53,033 -13,145 -18,285 ........... -1,779 -86,242 -73,097 -13,145 2,982,544 2,507,793 474,751 -56,431 -14,226 -5,292 ........... -16,690 -92,639 -78,413 -14,226 3,517,677 3,000,661 517,016 -62,100 -14,936 -4,883 ........... -197 -82,116 -67,180 -14,936 3,457,079 2,902,397 554,682 69 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel Operation and Maintenance Procurement Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Military Construction Family Housing Other 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military 053 Atomic energy defense activities 054 Defense-related activities Total, National Defense 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance 152 International security assistance 153 Conduct of foreign affairs 154 Foreign information and exchange activities 155 International financial programs Total, International Affairs 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities Total, General Science, Space, and Technology 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply 272 Energy conservation 274 Emergency energy preparedness 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation Total, Energy 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources 302 Conservation and land management 303 Recreational resources 304 Pollution control and abatement 306 Other natural resources Total, Natural Resources and Environment 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization 352 Agricultural research and services Total, Agriculture 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit 372 Postal service (On-budget) (Off-budget) 373 Deposit insurance 376 Other advancement of commerce Total, Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation 402 Air transportation 403 Water transportation 407 Other transportation Total, Transportation 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development 452 Area and regional development 453 Disaster relief and insurance Total, Community and Regional Development 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education 502 Higher education 503 Research and general education aids 504 Training and employment 505 Other labor services 506 Social services Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services 550 Health: 551 Health care services 552 Health research and training 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety Total, Health 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social 602 Federal employee retirement and disability 603 Unemployment compensation 604 Housing assistance 605 Food and nutrition assistance 609 Other income security Total, Income Security 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 161,608 291,038 128,003 74,871 19,917 3,432 -805 678,064 20,410 7,080 705,554 152,266 282,297 124,712 70,396 14,553 2,331 4,296 650,851 19,246 7,755 677,852 150,825 259,662 114,912 66,892 12,318 1,829 1,357 607,795 17,634 8,017 633,446 148,923 244,481 107,485 64,928 9,823 1,354 903 577,897 17,416 8,144 603,457 145,206 247,239 101,342 64,124 8,132 1,198 -4,742 562,499 18,692 8,468 589,659 147,905 243,198 102,656 64,873 6,677 1,304 -1,243 565,370 19,387 8,615 593,372 144,701 245,184 104,127 68,127 6,671 1,207 -1,121 568,896 20,482 9,344 598,722 145,827 256,663 112,671 76,975 6,706 1,155 717 600,714 20,919 9,528 631,161 156,666 275,787 123,292 85,275 7,916 1,390 1,903 652,229 23,583 8,756 684,568 163,278 290,079 138,674 99,873 8,995 1,430 1,960 704,289 24,823 8,774 737,886 21,255 12,042 12,486 1,575 -1,673 45,685 21,882 11,464 13,548 1,556 -11,648 36,802 22,551 9,954 13,038 1,519 -598 46,464 23,534 11,381 12,859 1,464 -2,359 46,879 24,087 12,907 13,246 1,531 269 52,040 24,129 11,305 13,874 1,546 -5,548 45,306 24,542 12,240 12,888 1,595 -4,956 46,309 25,118 11,401 11,958 1,641 -1,146 48,972 26,034 13,134 13,669 1,767 -267 54,337 25,388 14,173 13,274 1,392 -1,102 53,125 12,434 17,032 29,466 12,458 16,602 29,060 12,479 16,429 28,908 12,011 16,559 28,570 11,719 17,693 29,412 11,950 18,224 30,174 12,320 18,074 30,394 12,426 19,108 31,534 13,551 20,265 33,816 13,416 21,171 34,587 8,084 6,736 -3,263 617 12,174 9,017 4,941 375 525 14,858 9,038 1,240 217 547 11,042 4,056 910 -140 444 5,270 4,707 1,187 449 495 6,838 2,019 967 234 499 3,719 2,827 1,048 -536 517 3,856 1,444 1,094 -878 509 2,169 1,665 1,181 -425 773 3,194 2,179 1,018 -349 688 3,536 11,621 11,955 4,157 10,946 6,794 45,473 9,178 11,101 3,752 10,813 6,787 41,631 7,675 10,723 3,506 9,624 6,617 38,145 7,912 9,707 3,362 8,634 6,556 36,171 7,760 10,519 3,501 7,240 7,013 36,033 7,379 12,305 3,688 8,619 7,091 39,082 7,527 12,244 3,874 8,089 6,162 37,896 6,008 13,408 3,988 8,028 7,708 39,140 10,273 9,961 4,297 7,096 8,237 39,864 11,017 13,472 4,654 7,047 7,500 43,690 15,876 4,786 20,662 13,061 4,730 17,791 25,213 4,465 29,678 20,012 4,374 24,386 13,424 5,076 18,500 13,418 4,924 18,342 14,204 4,666 18,870 16,718 5,069 21,787 30,979 7,089 38,068 13,602 5,872 19,474 14,158 909 101 808 -8,697 -18,934 -12,564 -13,372 808 -8,143 2,744 74 2,670 6,666 39,380 40,647 37,977 2,670 -87,854 -1,839 74 -1,913 4,292 2,203 -83,198 -81,285 -1,913 -84,300 -2,453 78 -2,531 -13,823 5,715 -94,861 -92,330 -2,531 -35,658 -1,610 100 -1,710 -12,812 12,175 -37,905 -36,195 -1,710 -34,721 -1,265 96 -1,361 -13,052 14,961 -34,077 -32,716 -1,361 -30,081 -2,238 35 -2,273 -12,098 17,732 -26,685 -24,412 -2,273 -7,432 -1,407 58 -1,465 -15,850 15,219 -9,470 -8,005 -1,465 -48,602 -886 58 -944 -6,616 29,710 -26,394 -25,450 -944 -30,878 183 53 130 -4,435 30,004 -5,126 -5,256 130 60,902 21,353 10,359 352 92,966 61,308 21,725 9,650 336 93,019 60,005 21,464 9,774 430 91,673 60,827 20,923 9,759 406 91,915 59,126 20,033 9,994 380 89,533 62,136 20,028 10,064 338 92,566 62,854 20,251 10,056 391 93,552 61,868 20,213 10,195 509 92,785 63,580 22,932 11,809 586 98,907 66,227 21,776 12,312 574 100,889 9,605 4,050 10,228 23,883 8,769 4,424 11,939 25,132 7,814 1,540 22,981 32,335 7,896 3,027 9,747 20,670 7,817 3,861 8,991 20,669 7,095 2,451 10,594 20,140 6,718 3,082 15,107 24,907 7,067 2,842 32,250 42,159 8,131 3,913 20,957 33,001 10,851 4,093 20,720 35,664 66,476 1,108 3,710 9,139 1,869 18,931 101,233 47,492 12,113 3,704 7,779 1,868 17,867 90,823 42,407 -525 3,705 7,271 1,888 18,062 72,808 40,813 20,104 3,552 7,013 1,834 17,299 90,615 40,022 51,341 3,493 7,103 1,799 18,303 122,061 39,779 38,764 3,529 7,027 1,878 18,760 109,737 40,631 71,801 3,691 7,018 1,900 18,935 143,976 39,474 24,623 3,601 6,759 1,918 19,141 95,516 45,293 63,720 3,850 7,379 1,999 20,286 142,527 42,644 38,511 3,220 6,988 1,842 19,163 112,368 332,210 36,198 4,096 372,504 308,160 34,502 4,080 346,742 321,850 32,881 3,585 358,316 374,581 30,911 3,957 409,449 446,368 31,400 4,463 482,231 474,779 31,831 4,687 511,297 492,835 34,875 5,419 533,129 511,584 35,455 4,177 551,216 557,437 38,641 4,888 600,966 572,204 38,774 4,972 615,950 485,653 471,793 497,826 511,688 546,202 594,536 597,307 588,706 651,199 685,230 6,697 124,447 120,556 55,440 103,199 187,010 597,349 7,760 122,388 93,771 47,948 106,871 162,606 541,344 6,969 131,739 70,729 46,687 109,706 170,681 536,511 8,776 134,613 45,717 47,615 102,936 173,987 513,644 7,805 139,166 34,978 47,823 104,797 174,274 508,843 3,777 144,757 35,159 49,076 102,300 179,070 514,139 4,528 142,202 33,320 50,011 99,702 173,721 503,484 6,284 140,724 30,948 49,499 98,065 169,798 495,318 5,960 148,684 29,126 51,406 101,928 196,124 533,228 6,432 151,920 30,634 50,196 78,906 196,153 514,241 70 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 650 Social Security: 651 Social security (On-budget) (Off-budget) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans 704 Veterans housing 705 Other veterans benefits and services Total, Veterans Benefits and Services 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities 753 Federal correctional activities 754 Criminal justice assistance Total, Administration of Justice 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions 802 Executive direction and management 803 Central fiscal operations 804 General property and records management 805 Central personnel management 806 General purpose fiscal assistance 808 Other general government 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts Total, General Government 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds 908 Other interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 909 Other investment income Total, Net Interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) 923 Infrastructure Initiative 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) 926 Spectrum relocation 927 Disability insurance reforms Total, Allowances 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf 954 Sale of major assets 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) N/A = Not available On-budget unless otherwise stated 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 730,811 101,933 628,878 773,290 140,387 632,903 813,551 56,009 757,542 850,533 25,946 824,587 887,753 30,990 856,763 916,067 32,522 883,545 944,878 37,393 907,485 987,791 35,752 952,039 1,046,955 36,327 1,010,628 1,107,132 39,766 1,067,366 58,747 10,683 50,062 1,262 6,435 127,189 55,899 10,402 50,558 1,413 6,323 124,595 65,890 12,893 52,520 1,328 6,307 138,938 70,906 13,506 56,200 2,143 6,861 149,616 76,360 13,383 61,893 743 7,359 159,738 86,796 14,354 65,248 804 7,314 174,516 86,093 13,320 69,732 -546 7,944 176,543 85,535 12,401 73,941 -1,295 8,274 178,856 101,158 13,881 79,164 -3,104 9,359 200,458 109,793 14,243 85,528 -272 8,229 217,521 29,802 15,076 6,546 4,632 56,056 28,977 16,211 6,753 4,336 56,277 27,295 14,764 6,761 3,781 52,601 26,106 14,224 6,751 3,376 50,457 26,937 14,717 7,049 3,203 51,906 28,886 14,892 6,952 5,038 55,768 29,818 15,105 6,977 6,044 57,944 31,333 16,974 6,821 5,290 60,418 34,633 19,336 6,991 10,820 71,780 36,764 16,681 6,805 8,775 69,025 3,974 446 11,631 2,304 124 7,475 3,001 -1,479 27,476 3,908 628 11,985 2,247 67 7,787 3,425 -2,012 28,035 3,729 478 12,051 -10 372 7,852 5,957 -2,692 27,737 3,568 484 11,695 -386 268 7,643 3,514 127 26,913 3,751 510 11,096 -490 81 7,266 3,528 -4,786 20,956 3,831 418 11,795 -325 -362 7,092 4,743 -4,046 23,146 3,914 610 11,827 -241 -47 7,010 4,286 -3,538 23,821 4,089 492 11,480 -206 -26 7,368 2,526 -1,845 23,878 5,133 535 11,093 -625 335 9,070 2,887 -1,594 26,834 4,772 425 13,171 1,043 1,937 8,830 3,048 -1,598 31,628 453,987 -72,030 -115,981 -35,872 -35,872 .......... -142 229,962 345,943 -115,981 359,219 -14,753 -112,393 -8,128 -8,128 .......... -3,537 220,408 332,801 -112,393 415,651 -51,015 -105,650 -35,053 -35,053 .......... -3,048 220,885 326,535 -105,650 429,538 -57,848 -100,266 -39,900 -39,900 .......... -2,568 228,956 329,222 -100,266 402,429 -45,823 -95,968 -37,781 -37,781 .......... 324 223,181 319,149 -95,968 429,950 -55,536 -90,575 -41,859 -41,859 ........... -1,947 240,033 330,608 -90,575 456,921 -60,543 -86,512 -44,013 -44,013 ........... -3,302 262,551 349,063 -86,512 521,553 -66,343 -83,809 -44,441 -44,441 .......... -1,985 324,975 408,784 -83,809 593,100 -66,138 -82,743 -49,858 -49,858 .......... -863 393,498 476,241 -82,743 679,707 -65,797 -81,619 -52,615 -52,615 .......... -864 478,812 560,431 -81,619 ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... -841 164 .......... -677 -3,620 4,750 -1,079 164 100 315 -64,581 -15,099 -6,383 -2,404 ........... -88,467 -73,368 -15,099 3,603,065 3,104,459 498,606 -68,347 -15,592 -6,605 -12,992 ........... -103,536 -87,944 -15,592 3,526,563 3,018,975 507,588 -65,155 -16,168 -8,874 -2,588 ........... -92,785 -76,617 -16,168 3,454,881 2,821,070 633,811 -63,612 -15,737 -7,474 ........... -1,221 -88,044 -72,307 -15,737 3,506,284 2,800,231 706,053 -65,112 -16,008 -4,555 ........... -30,128 -115,803 -99,795 -16,008 3,691,847 2,948,770 743,077 -67,096 -16,936 -2,783 ........... -8,436 -95,251 -78,315 -16,936 3,852,612 3,077,939 774,673 -67,471 -17,499 -3,106 ........... -1,750 -89,826 -72,327 -17,499 3,981,628 3,180,427 801,201 -69,188 -18,193 -4,592 .......... -5,896 -97,869 -79,676 -18,193 4,109,042 3,260,470 848,572 -72,332 -18,040 -5,429 .......... -1,140 -96,941 -78,901 -18,040 4,529,188 3,620,287 908,901 -83,709 -18,194 -5,351 .......... -3,120 -110,374 -92,180 -18,194 4,745,573 3,777,890 967,683 71 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) 2021 estimate Function and Subfunction 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel Operation and Maintenance Procurement Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Military Construction Family Housing Other 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military 053 Atomic energy defense activities 054 Defense-related activities Total, National Defense 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance 152 International security assistance 153 Conduct of foreign affairs 154 Foreign information and exchange activities 155 International financial programs Total, International Affairs 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities Total, General Science, Space, and Technology 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply 272 Energy conservation 274 Emergency energy preparedness 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation Total, Energy 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources 302 Conservation and land management 303 Recreational resources 304 Pollution control and abatement 306 Other natural resources Total, Natural Resources and Environment 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization 352 Agricultural research and services Total, Agriculture 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit 372 Postal service (On-budget) (Off-budget) 373 Deposit insurance 376 Other advancement of commerce Total, Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation 402 Air transportation 403 Water transportation 407 Other transportation Total, Transportation 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development 452 Area and regional development 453 Disaster relief and insurance Total, Community and Regional Development 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education 502 Higher education 503 Research and general education aids 504 Training and employment 505 Other labor services 506 Social services Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services 550 Health: 551 Health care services 552 Health research and training 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety Total, Health 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social 602 Federal employee retirement and disability 603 Unemployment compensation 604 Housing assistance 605 Food and nutrition assistance 609 Other income security Total, Income Security 72 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 727,774 25,471 9,134 762,379 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 734,806 25,906 9,318 770,030 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 740,154 26,124 11,250 777,528 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 746,287 26,487 12,170 784,944 22,527 13,571 13,728 1,161 -1,191 49,796 20,811 12,264 13,545 1,012 1,853 49,485 20,384 12,020 13,087 1,009 -137 46,363 19,734 11,698 12,774 1,009 -113 45,102 13,684 20,648 34,332 13,996 20,342 34,338 13,344 20,342 33,686 13,478 20,353 33,831 -5,839 751 -512 578 -5,022 279 559 -1,043 583 378 51 283 -1,963 583 -1,046 -294 193 -2,587 583 -2,105 10,471 14,140 4,745 6,803 6,736 42,895 11,029 14,000 4,720 6,521 6,282 42,552 9,857 13,813 4,606 6,399 6,160 40,835 10,530 13,324 4,537 6,482 6,060 40,933 13,580 4,679 18,259 14,328 4,156 18,484 13,509 3,963 17,472 13,102 3,745 16,847 -31,388 -1,212 -1,940 728 -2,391 21,963 -13,028 -13,756 728 -31,701 -1,321 -1,940 619 1,119 19,041 -12,862 -13,481 619 -31,922 -2,461 -3,009 548 4,726 15,686 -13,971 -14,519 548 -31,539 -2,553 -3,219 666 7,658 14,935 -11,499 -12,165 666 67,559 19,901 12,269 491 100,220 56,173 18,914 11,819 476 87,382 52,522 18,775 11,661 482 83,440 52,346 18,347 11,652 478 82,823 9,860 4,598 13,096 27,554 9,586 4,216 14,085 27,887 7,983 3,687 14,200 25,870 4,836 3,552 14,088 22,476 38,895 33,654 2,971 6,190 1,867 18,334 101,911 38,198 32,468 2,811 6,244 1,831 18,005 99,557 37,731 29,167 2,788 6,303 1,869 17,858 95,716 37,713 26,520 2,774 6,317 1,864 17,834 93,022 612,295 35,151 5,718 653,164 594,760 35,311 5,477 635,548 612,794 34,526 5,430 652,750 626,285 34,171 5,436 665,892 718,231 807,156 828,818 846,867 4,975 156,228 32,861 49,280 79,435 193,694 516,473 5,605 165,099 34,893 48,325 80,931 201,270 536,123 6,117 163,534 37,309 46,265 83,062 201,528 537,815 6,314 162,447 39,281 45,089 84,213 199,927 537,271 Table 3.2 - OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 650 Social Security: 651 Social security (On-budget) (Off-budget) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans 704 Veterans housing 705 Other veterans benefits and services Total, Veterans Benefits and Services 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities 753 Federal correctional activities 754 Criminal justice assistance Total, Administration of Justice 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions 802 Executive direction and management 803 Central fiscal operations 804 General property and records management 805 Central personnel management 806 General purpose fiscal assistance 808 Other general government 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts Total, General Government 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds 908 Other interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 909 Other investment income Total, Net Interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) 923 Infrastructure Initiative 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) 926 Spectrum relocation 927 Disability insurance reforms Total, Allowances 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf 954 Sale of major assets 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays (On-budget) (Off-budget) N/A = Not available On-budget unless otherwise stated 73 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate 1,170,976 43,528 1,127,448 1,239,508 47,421 1,192,087 1,312,474 51,503 1,260,971 1,389,854 55,929 1,333,925 116,600 14,675 94,611 -250 8,664 234,300 133,462 15,962 95,412 -243 8,454 253,047 132,621 15,803 95,514 -239 8,454 252,153 130,836 15,532 95,175 -239 8,448 249,752 40,623 16,824 7,210 6,816 71,473 42,996 16,805 7,164 5,358 72,323 44,978 16,751 7,161 4,818 73,708 46,442 16,768 7,161 4,759 75,130 4,815 410 13,870 2,318 121 8,368 2,777 -1,641 31,038 4,796 410 13,916 2,662 108 9,129 2,677 -1,686 32,012 4,798 409 15,029 2,492 103 8,473 2,672 -1,654 32,322 4,790 409 15,393 2,253 104 8,436 2,728 -1,627 32,486 753,613 -69,601 -80,594 -55,044 -55,044 .......... -870 547,504 628,098 -80,594 825,437 -77,961 -78,040 -58,714 -58,714 .......... -839 609,883 687,923 -78,040 885,745 -82,628 -76,729 -61,892 -61,892 .......... -805 663,691 740,420 -76,729 932,220 -89,650 -74,754 -65,343 -65,343 .......... -779 701,694 776,448 -74,754 -3,132 23,750 -35,647 .......... -400 -15,429 -3,667 38,000 -55,453 .......... -700 -21,820 -4,158 47,500 -70,084 .......... -1,000 -27,742 -3,879 38,000 -83,109 82 -1,000 -49,906 -77,185 -18,754 -5,286 .......... -600 -101,825 -83,071 -18,754 4,945,201 3,916,373 1,028,828 -76,797 -19,464 -6,193 .......... -1,080 -103,534 -84,070 -19,464 5,177,477 4,082,275 1,095,202 -75,361 -19,976 -5,890 .......... -570 -101,797 -81,821 -19,976 5,330,085 4,165,271 1,164,814 -75,140 -20,509 -6,154 .......... -625 -102,428 -81,919 -20,509 5,452,986 4,213,658 1,239,328 Table 4.1 - OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 196 57 6,437 215 50,111 816 2,755 3,529 566 826 606 236 3,914 457 3,854 8,474 5,608 944 956 70 12 382 3,171 1,257 183 1,017 230 .......... 14,365 2,283 .......... .......... -6,707 -5,878 -830 106,821 192 62 7,414 354 51,147 985 2,700 4,110 642 -609 730 256 3,523 572 4,145 9,553 5,501 1,065 1,077 87 13 425 3,169 2,552 206 1,175 142 .......... 15,788 1,615 .......... .......... -7,274 -6,450 -824 111,316 199 66 7,569 702 52,585 973 2,726 4,610 747 73 755 275 3,454 455 4,736 10,289 5,662 1,091 1,287 117 15 520 3,226 4,171 310 1,304 133 .......... 16,620 1,178 .......... .......... -7,321 -6,435 -886 118,528 212 75 6,940 736 48,780 1,152 2,579 4,700 774 492 745 327 3,121 552 5,201 10,791 5,710 1,171 1,465 134 16 612 3,248 5,092 309 1,454 243 .......... 17,460 1,815 .......... .......... -7,677 -6,746 -931 118,228 234 80 5,633 485 56,629 2,416 2,343 5,715 705 2,482 866 305 3,239 629 5,145 11,761 5,962 1,245 1,681 158 16 561 3,260 5,933 368 1,726 210 .......... 20,694 2,494 .......... .......... -8,443 -7,464 -979 134,532 252 88 5,952 477 70,069 3,596 2,253 9,639 782 3,093 863 336 3,562 655 5,242 12,737 6,691 1,273 1,937 190 19 629 3,375 5,425 415 1,934 151 94 21,631 3,683 .......... .......... -9,578 -8,371 -1,207 157,464 269 94 7,430 582 80,355 4,072 2,474 13,074 973 3,727 973 359 4,180 645 5,555 14,290 7,018 1,252 2,206 249 21 482 2,814 4,722 449 2,154 284 94 23,760 4,290 .......... .......... -10,712 -9,289 -1,424 178,134 289 110 8,446 607 80,771 3,990 2,393 15,411 1,055 713 1,073 423 4,161 631 5,724 16,473 7,670 1,222 2,557 303 24 526 2,803 4,251 490 2,284 110 414 26,885 2,918 .......... .......... -11,087 -9,407 -1,681 183,640 353 133 8,412 778 80,123 4,594 2,393 17,397 1,089 2,432 1,087 537 4,976 661 6,136 19,070 8,652 1,168 2,974 384 29 530 2,655 3,752 464 2,652 253 458 29,812 4,263 .......... .......... -12,567 -10,362 -2,205 195,649 395 145 8,673 783 77,497 5,099 2,200 20,391 1,011 2,796 1,345 801 8,456 680 7,039 20,452 9,758 1,337 3,510 701 38 546 2,888 3,382 522 3,167 333 465 35,408 5,223 .......... .......... -14,869 -12,288 -2,582 210,172 74 Table 4.1 - OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 499 173 11,021 850 77,645 5,537 2,299 25,309 1,340 3,600 1,609 1,053 10,426 747 7,244 21,539 10,713 1,490 4,002 763 47 655 2,980 3,423 567 3,776 452 538 39,620 5,082 355 .......... -14,672 -11,909 -2,763 230,681 553 188 10,167 934 75,033 5,709 2,304 25,578 1,833 3,580 1,780 1,460 9,561 807 7,834 30,201 11,970 1,676 4,505 1,114 50 795 2,317 3,312 585 4,607 1,317 567 48,565 5,497 157 .......... -18,846 -15,870 -2,975 245,707 638 207 10,302 992 77,864 5,747 2,233 28,062 1,661 4,781 1,854 1,728 9,964 955 7,724 35,369 13,339 1,664 5,216 2,030 67 929 3,029 3,255 647 5,708 753 2,750 55,373 7,076 773 .......... -23,333 -20,048 -3,284 269,359 739 284 15,518 1,077 84,852 7,331 3,230 33,751 2,099 7,512 2,221 1,985 18,578 1,075 9,144 41,843 16,577 2,031 6,319 2,531 93 341 3,665 3,269 662 7,062 666 5,279 64,159 8,595 1,112 .......... -21,267 -17,547 -3,719 332,332 788 325 17,682 1,484 87,917 7,897 3,841 40,261 2,455 7,026 2,433 2,140 26,524 1,393 11,709 43,407 18,416 2,112 7,358 3,118 80 -13 3,742 3,671 733 8,323 624 5,576 73,384 8,490 1,085 .......... -22,186 -18,411 -3,775 371,792 75 TQ 226 85 5,009 396 21,807 2,035 1,048 10,530 648 1,361 855 548 6,109 407 2,902 10,272 3,959 581 1,958 1,108 16 30 1,329 953 207 2,354 94 1,290 19,763 3,297 -726 .......... -4,477 -4,135 -342 95,975 1977 1978 1979 1980 990 393 23,287 2,010 95,147 8,717 5,049 46,493 2,755 5,808 3,220 2,220 23,225 1,449 11,978 48,061 18,020 2,271 8,251 4,365 74 70 3,616 4,002 753 9,633 758 6,014 84,344 9,433 -173 .......... -23,018 -19,390 -3,627 409,218 1,064 437 30,179 4,720 102,259 9,828 6,412 51,752 3,217 7,650 3,874 2,248 23,694 1,658 12,791 54,010 18,965 2,564 9,203 4,072 75 213 5,123 4,164 803 10,962 2,820 6,595 93,120 9,022 -496 .......... -24,250 -20,788 -3,463 458,746 1,099 481 31,698 3,538 113,605 12,167 7,441 57,820 3,415 9,220 4,168 2,353 23,448 1,987 14,642 63,830 19,891 2,898 10,315 4,800 81 211 3,757 4,380 870 12,663 1,699 6,228 103,316 10,324 -891 .......... -27,428 -24,089 -3,338 504,028 1,224 567 34,721 3,129 130,912 14,612 7,260 68,255 4,296 12,735 4,472 2,438 30,542 2,382 18,166 75,451 21,137 3,218 11,961 5,603 96 573 7,747 4,959 912 15,056 2,026 7,087 117,872 13,953 -431 .......... -31,988 -28,445 -3,543 590,941 Table 4.1 - OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1,214 641 41,541 2,296 153,861 16,973 11,756 80,821 3,943 14,880 4,456 2,438 30,911 2,347 20,922 91,691 22,907 3,139 13,788 5,242 96 795 8,127 5,537 976 18,096 2,032 7,862 138,914 11,802 89 .......... -41,852 -38,134 -3,718 678,241 1,367 710 45,623 2,054 180,693 14,707 11,656 88,408 3,847 15,232 3,944 2,325 31,479 2,684 17,931 109,418 23,941 2,962 14,997 5,081 95 550 7,922 6,155 1,099 19,983 773 8,520 155,120 9,184 -553 .......... -42,165 -38,448 -3,717 745,743 1,437 787 52,317 1,925 204,356 14,433 10,590 95,008 4,689 15,814 4,552 2,493 38,683 2,793 18,239 115,366 24,827 2,918 16,004 4,312 94 528 7,878 6,853 1,055 21,278 661 29,854 150,731 8,644 322 .......... -51,078 -47,455 -3,623 808,364 1,577 866 41,928 1,894 220,863 15,424 10,990 102,374 5,060 16,663 4,936 2,816 25,348 2,982 20,507 139,911 25,580 3,036 16,536 4,076 96 463 10,835 7,055 1,193 22,590 510 17,651 171,167 8,846 360 .......... -52,329 -46,975 -5,354 851,805 1,607 966 55,435 2,139 245,109 16,596 10,586 114,270 5,007 28,720 4,804 3,182 24,738 3,303 22,510 163,688 26,322 2,998 15,809 4,490 111 364 11,858 7,251 1,309 23,727 680 16,793 183,434 7,051 142 .......... -58,656 -52,029 -6,627 946,344 1,662 1,071 58,599 2,083 265,440 17,577 11,025 122,940 5,383 14,139 4,774 3,336 24,934 3,590 24,885 178,076 26,523 2,806 17,483 4,867 108 713 11,040 7,403 1,536 23,955 557 19,316 190,684 8,871 42 .......... -65,036 -57,850 -7,186 990,382 76 1987 1,810 1,180 49,507 2,127 273,919 16,670 10,692 131,410 5,383 15,484 5,037 3,807 24,208 3,572 22,851 178,684 26,932 2,757 17,962 4,904 110 462 10,406 7,591 1,547 26,966 -65 16,524 202,422 10,475 943 .......... -72,262 -63,672 -8,590 1,004,017 1988 1,848 1,342 43,930 2,278 281,889 18,145 11,165 140,035 6,180 18,938 5,138 4,656 22,662 4,217 23,698 200,406 29,253 3,028 19,039 4,871 122 -95 7,252 9,092 1,644 29,191 -54 18,113 214,489 19,020 1,712 .......... -78,789 -66,992 -11,798 1,064,416 1989 2,216 1,499 48,256 2,570 294,829 21,468 11,386 152,689 5,671 19,680 5,194 5,275 25,374 4,576 23,828 227,402 30,014 3,256 20,230 4,906 124 -444 4,291 11,036 1,736 29,073 85 18,709 227,473 30,727 -310 .......... -89,074 -72,822 -16,252 1,143,743 1990 2,231 1,646 45,858 3,734 289,694 22,972 12,083 175,515 7,219 20,167 5,814 5,886 26,087 4,796 25,642 253,915 28,976 3,324 21,690 5,108 158 -170 10,085 12,429 1,821 31,949 692 17,276 244,998 68,704 1,626 .......... -98,930 -77,371 -21,558 1,252,993 Table 4.1 - OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays 1991 2,245 1,997 53,990 2,585 261,860 25,196 12,472 198,095 6,654 22,751 6,082 7,670 34,790 5,149 27,237 274,606 31,191 3,341 23,238 5,769 193 445 11,723 13,878 2,064 34,808 613 19,008 266,395 76,870 1,317 .......... -110,005 -83,979 -26,026 1,324,226 1992 2,629 2,308 56,320 2,566 286,574 25,832 15,515 231,550 7,577 24,470 6,531 9,208 47,889 5,927 29,098 291,005 33,872 3,565 24,746 5,950 186 457 11,107 13,961 2,230 35,596 546 24,943 281,418 14,405 659 .......... -117,111 -87,372 -29,739 1,381,529 1993 2,394 2,628 63,019 2,797 278,510 30,109 16,933 253,821 9,653 25,181 6,879 9,485 45,452 6,385 30,958 296,825 35,461 3,354 25,957 5,930 194 721 11,524 14,305 2,429 36,794 785 28,143 298,349 -17,321 1,441 .......... -119,711 -86,507 -33,203 1,409,386 77 1994 2,537 2,677 60,615 2,915 268,577 24,557 17,830 278,887 10,708 25,845 7,064 9,369 37,819 6,784 33,563 305,550 37,377 3,483 26,969 5,855 231 332 10,497 13,694 2,605 38,596 779 31,164 313,881 3,356 1,103 .......... -123,469 -87,857 -35,612 1,461,752 1995 2,609 2,903 56,550 3,401 259,487 31,205 17,608 303,060 9,376 29,044 7,479 10,149 32,808 6,263 35,132 346,875 37,748 3,745 27,972 6,351 215 679 11,128 13,378 2,814 41,276 677 31,037 330,370 -5,996 -1,969 .......... -137,632 -97,895 -39,737 1,515,742 1996 2,263 3,059 54,218 3,702 253,196 29,727 16,195 319,788 9,692 25,236 6,776 11,049 33,163 5,730 35,144 362,862 36,896 3,627 28,947 6,046 202 560 9,665 13,881 2,988 42,870 873 30,694 343,869 2,743 -180 .......... -134,997 -92,212 -42,785 1,560,484 1997 2,348 3,259 52,393 3,782 258,262 30,009 14,458 339,514 10,533 27,527 6,763 13,076 31,088 6,029 36,072 377,491 39,253 3,598 30,279 6,164 221 882 10,075 14,360 3,093 45,404 333 34,309 358,372 -2,813 -49 .......... -154,969 -107,272 -47,697 1,601,116 1998 2,572 3,459 53,800 4,036 255,793 31,294 14,414 350,341 10,617 30,181 7,222 14,045 30,580 5,396 35,554 389,005 41,724 3,775 31,204 6,269 237 826 8,886 14,194 3,143 46,297 -77 37,542 370,068 10,878 217 .......... -161,034 -107,353 -53,681 1,652,458 1999 2,592 3,789 62,690 5,020 261,196 31,285 15,879 359,429 13,321 32,693 7,783 16,181 32,995 6,554 37,672 385,045 43,125 3,934 31,987 6,733 417 -413 10,070 13,636 3,246 47,519 57 40,021 379,212 6,189 1,021 .......... -159,036 -99,581 -59,455 1,701,842 2000 2,871 4,057 75,071 7,788 281,028 33,476 14,971 382,311 13,159 30,781 7,998 16,846 31,873 6,687 41,555 390,524 47,044 4,229 32,801 7,223 283 74 12,087 13,428 3,448 48,655 -421 45,121 396,169 8,803 2,029 .......... -173,019 -105,586 -67,433 1,788,950 Table 4.1 - OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays 2001 2,959 4,381 68,071 5,003 290,185 35,523 16,319 425,885 14,980 33,865 7,743 18,443 39,707 7,487 49,231 388,268 45,012 4,640 34,131 7,367 246 -309 11,804 14,092 3,662 50,894 -570 40,007 421,257 11,386 2,302 .......... -191,125 -114,404 -76,721 1,862,846 2002 3,187 4,828 68,622 5,312 331,845 46,373 17,669 465,326 17,570 31,788 9,739 21,178 64,686 9,327 56,252 371,187 50,868 4,727 35,136 7,451 451 -684 13,289 14,405 4,155 52,540 493 45,816 442,010 16,705 -651 .......... -200,706 -115,009 -85,697 2,010,894 2003 3,396 5,127 72,737 5,665 388,686 57,145 19,379 504,922 31,970 37,410 9,193 20,790 69,563 9,343 50,764 368,256 56,921 4,682 39,874 8,041 386 589 13,449 14,610 4,690 54,135 1,558 46,333 461,400 14,579 -5,245 .......... -210,449 -117,303 -93,146 2,159,899 78 2004 3,890 5,389 71,560 5,829 437,034 62,780 19,892 542,982 26,575 44,984 8,606 29,601 56,687 10,915 54,879 375,844 59,554 4,728 41,726 8,328 3,349 -451 13,639 15,152 5,092 56,547 4,075 49,008 481,200 10,103 -4,130 .......... -212,526 -114,967 -97,559 2,292,841 2005 3,984 5,547 85,308 6,147 474,354 72,858 21,271 581,390 38,697 42,453 9,292 22,361 46,949 12,748 56,596 410,240 69,815 4,719 43,481 7,913 7,686 20 15,024 15,602 5,403 59,500 2,502 54,556 506,779 16,766 -1,791 .......... -226,213 -123,436 -102,777 2,471,957 2006 4,101 5,823 93,533 6,372 499,344 93,368 19,649 614,274 69,025 42,435 9,037 23,324 43,138 12,953 60,139 464,675 69,777 6,944 44,435 8,321 5,379 24 13,917 15,125 5,510 62,400 905 53,252 532,491 14,003 -1,075 .......... -237,548 -128,201 -109,347 2,655,050 2007 4,294 6,006 84,427 6,475 528,578 66,372 20,116 671,982 39,156 45,561 10,469 23,349 47,544 13,737 61,697 490,589 72,792 3,918 47,112 8,259 2,956 27 12,752 15,861 5,488 58,431 1,175 54,917 566,846 12,913 5,093 .......... -260,206 -141,904 -118,302 2,728,686 2008 4,408 6,347 90,795 7,721 594,662 65,963 21,400 700,442 40,676 49,088 9,817 26,545 58,838 17,493 64,944 548,797 84,749 5,075 45,785 7,939 1,173 343 11,359 17,833 5,785 64,393 528 58,602 599,197 47,221 2,417 .......... -277,791 -150,928 -126,863 2,982,544 2009 4,704 6,645 114,440 10,718 636,775 53,389 23,683 796,267 51,719 61,019 11,775 27,711 138,157 21,427 73,004 701,775 95,457 6,842 57,276 8,070 743 319 14,797 19,168 5,958 72,302 2,246 78,657 648,892 47,631 304 .......... -274,193 -142,013 -132,180 3,517,677 2010 5,839 7,181 129,459 13,236 666,715 93,743 30,778 854,059 44,457 60,141 13,164 29,556 173,053 23,802 77,750 444,338 108,274 9,876 54,032 11,007 582 861 20,041 18,906 6,719 69,915 6,128 70,758 683,420 -7,525 4,700 .......... -267,886 -134,448 -133,438 3,457,079 Table 4.1 - OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays 2011 4,582 7,293 139,397 9,930 678,074 65,484 31,371 891,247 45,741 57,004 13,519 30,519 131,975 24,354 77,302 538,707 126,918 10,138 54,775 10,772 484 1,889 20,583 17,618 7,146 74,090 6,163 155,316 628,878 17,466 808 .......... -276,478 -145,398 -131,080 3,603,065 2012 4,440 7,227 139,717 10,267 650,867 57,249 32,484 848,056 47,422 49,600 12,891 31,159 104,588 26,947 75,149 464,714 124,124 7,777 77,313 12,796 405 1,753 9,627 17,190 7,255 79,457 2,936 188,241 632,903 30,021 2,670 .......... -230,682 -102,697 -127,985 3,526,563 2013 4,316 7,063 155,895 9,140 607,800 40,910 24,731 886,292 57,216 56,577 9,607 29,745 80,307 25,972 76,322 399,068 138,464 6,299 56,811 9,484 380 -368 19,905 16,975 7,417 83,867 477 109,849 757,542 28,181 -1,913 .......... -249,450 -127,632 -121,818 3,454,881 79 2014 4,164 6,893 141,808 7,895 577,898 59,610 23,638 936,012 43,263 38,527 11,279 28,620 56,774 27,481 76,174 446,897 149,074 6,535 57,370 9,399 375 -767 18,935 17,095 7,053 87,917 194 81,184 824,587 9,089 -2,531 .......... -246,158 -130,155 -116,003 3,506,284 2015 4,321 7,137 139,115 8,956 562,499 90,029 25,424 1,027,515 42,572 35,527 12,340 26,906 45,217 26,498 75,425 485,623 159,216 6,685 62,966 7,007 397 -890 24,414 18,268 6,837 91,734 -746 87,359 856,763 16,037 -1,710 .......... -257,594 -145,618 -111,976 3,691,847 2016 4,347 7,499 138,161 9,165 565,370 76,978 25,860 1,102,965 45,196 26,388 12,583 29,523 41,364 29,449 78,423 526,116 174,019 6,388 64,508 8,725 397 -735 16,240 18,828 6,902 91,318 -445 93,240 883,545 13,018 -1,361 .......... -241,362 -133,851 -107,511 3,852,612 2017 4,499 7,569 127,558 10,310 568,896 111,702 25,800 1,116,779 50,499 55,630 12,154 30,979 40,124 27,070 79,439 546,397 176,050 6,453 58,696 8,090 411 -661 18,919 18,699 7,215 95,461 438 93,328 907,485 14,792 -2,273 .......... -236,880 -132,869 -104,011 3,981,628 2018 4,675 7,778 136,714 8,565 600,714 63,709 26,482 1,120,506 68,374 54,667 13,212 34,526 39,635 26,391 78,494 629,472 178,513 5,082 55,367 8,082 379 -590 21,625 19,754 7,167 98,804 49 87,863 952,039 10,479 -1,465 .......... -248,020 -146,018 -102,002 4,109,042 2019 estimate 5,826 8,019 155,982 14,071 652,234 108,331 31,646 1,230,273 62,267 32,131 12,118 41,366 37,120 29,690 83,368 709,402 199,948 8,549 62,249 7,021 421 -1,322 24,311 20,963 7,244 102,516 187 93,821 1,010,628 26,198 -944 -626 -245,820 -145,037 -100,783 4,529,188 2020 estimate 5,537 8,658 118,702 16,611 704,302 80,613 31,483 1,286,183 62,956 50,241 13,882 37,007 39,428 24,816 85,706 790,156 217,115 9,004 62,975 6,932 406 107,237 28,649 21,859 7,262 .......... 796 97,778 1,067,366 22,809 130 -3,238 -257,788 -157,975 -99,813 4,745,573 Table 4.1 - OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) 2021 estimate 5,543 8,784 118,358 11,806 727,784 72,313 28,060 1,282,065 57,396 48,649 14,116 36,247 39,126 24,604 86,620 855,513 233,922 8,564 64,845 6,709 409 108,196 25,812 21,312 7,632 .......... 682 102,159 1,127,448 19,173 728 52,644 -252,018 -152,670 -99,348 4,945,201 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays 80 2022 estimate 5,519 8,791 118,360 10,017 734,817 70,346 29,694 1,361,716 59,763 47,673 15,065 34,697 41,822 23,310 74,799 925,413 252,668 9,298 71,895 6,452 409 111,542 27,183 21,005 7,892 .......... 680 112,383 1,192,087 26,330 619 34,765 -259,533 -162,029 -97,504 5,177,477 2023 estimate 5,517 8,762 118,477 7,928 740,165 66,683 28,019 1,399,757 61,699 44,345 14,343 34,092 44,724 22,586 71,117 985,757 251,779 8,273 68,593 6,328 408 112,551 25,140 21,005 7,865 .......... 672 113,761 1,260,971 29,577 548 29,795 -261,152 -164,447 -96,705 5,330,085 2024 estimate 5,503 8,787 118,044 7,530 746,287 64,116 27,667 1,427,465 63,104 40,549 14,085 34,108 46,762 22,139 70,611 1,031,888 249,382 9,003 65,549 6,349 408 115,346 24,492 21,016 8,000 .......... 664 115,022 1,333,925 32,317 666 9,032 -266,830 -171,567 -95,263 5,452,986 Table 4.2 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays * 0.05 percent or less 1962 0.2 0.1 6.0 0.2 46.9 0.8 2.6 3.3 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 3.7 0.4 3.6 7.9 5.2 0.9 0.9 0.1 * 0.4 3.0 1.2 0.2 1.0 0.2 .......... 13.4 2.1 .......... .......... -6.3 -5.5 -0.8 100.0 1963 1964 0.2 0.1 6.7 0.3 45.9 0.9 2.4 3.7 0.6 -0.5 0.7 0.2 3.2 0.5 3.7 8.6 4.9 1.0 1.0 0.1 * 0.4 2.8 2.3 0.2 1.1 0.1 .......... 14.2 1.5 .......... .......... -6.5 -5.8 -0.7 100.0 0.2 0.1 6.4 0.6 44.4 0.8 2.3 3.9 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.2 2.9 0.4 4.0 8.7 4.8 0.9 1.1 0.1 * 0.4 2.7 3.5 0.3 1.1 0.1 .......... 14.0 1.0 .......... .......... -6.2 -5.4 -0.7 100.0 81 1965 0.2 0.1 5.9 0.6 41.3 1.0 2.2 4.0 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.3 2.6 0.5 4.4 9.1 4.8 1.0 1.2 0.1 * 0.5 2.7 4.3 0.3 1.2 0.2 .......... 14.8 1.5 .......... .......... -6.5 -5.7 -0.8 100.0 1966 0.2 0.1 4.2 0.4 42.1 1.8 1.7 4.2 0.5 1.8 0.6 0.2 2.4 0.5 3.8 8.7 4.4 0.9 1.2 0.1 * 0.4 2.4 4.4 0.3 1.3 0.2 .......... 15.4 1.9 .......... .......... -6.3 -5.5 -0.7 100.0 1967 0.2 0.1 3.8 0.3 44.5 2.3 1.4 6.1 0.5 2.0 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.4 3.3 8.1 4.2 0.8 1.2 0.1 * 0.4 2.1 3.4 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 13.7 2.3 .......... .......... -6.1 -5.3 -0.8 100.0 1968 0.2 0.1 4.2 0.3 45.1 2.3 1.4 7.3 0.5 2.1 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.4 3.1 8.0 3.9 0.7 1.2 0.1 * 0.3 1.6 2.7 0.3 1.2 0.2 0.1 13.3 2.4 .......... .......... -6.0 -5.2 -0.8 100.0 1969 0.2 0.1 4.6 0.3 44.0 2.2 1.3 8.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.2 2.3 0.3 3.1 9.0 4.2 0.7 1.4 0.2 * 0.3 1.5 2.3 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.2 14.6 1.6 .......... .......... -6.0 -5.1 -0.9 100.0 1970 0.2 0.1 4.3 0.4 41.0 2.3 1.2 8.9 0.6 1.2 0.6 0.3 2.5 0.3 3.1 9.7 4.4 0.6 1.5 0.2 * 0.3 1.4 1.9 0.2 1.4 0.1 0.2 15.2 2.2 .......... .......... -6.4 -5.3 -1.1 100.0 1971 0.2 0.1 4.1 0.4 36.9 2.4 1.0 9.7 0.5 1.3 0.6 0.4 4.0 0.3 3.3 9.7 4.6 0.6 1.7 0.3 * 0.3 1.4 1.6 0.2 1.5 0.2 0.2 16.8 2.5 .......... .......... -7.1 -5.8 -1.2 100.0 Table 4.2 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays * 0.05 percent or less 1972 0.2 0.1 4.8 0.4 33.7 2.4 1.0 11.0 0.6 1.6 0.7 0.5 4.5 0.3 3.1 9.3 4.6 0.6 1.7 0.3 * 0.3 1.3 1.5 0.2 1.6 0.2 0.2 17.2 2.2 0.2 .......... -6.4 -5.2 -1.2 100.0 1973 1974 0.2 0.1 4.1 0.4 30.5 2.3 0.9 10.4 0.7 1.5 0.7 0.6 3.9 0.3 3.2 12.3 4.9 0.7 1.8 0.5 * 0.3 0.9 1.3 0.2 1.9 0.5 0.2 19.8 2.2 0.1 .......... -7.7 -6.5 -1.2 100.0 0.2 0.1 3.8 0.4 28.9 2.1 0.8 10.4 0.6 1.8 0.7 0.6 3.7 0.4 2.9 13.1 5.0 0.6 1.9 0.8 * 0.3 1.1 1.2 0.2 2.1 0.3 1.0 20.6 2.6 0.3 .......... -8.7 -7.4 -1.2 100.0 82 1975 0.2 0.1 4.7 0.3 25.5 2.2 1.0 10.2 0.6 2.3 0.7 0.6 5.6 0.3 2.8 12.6 5.0 0.6 1.9 0.8 * 0.1 1.1 1.0 0.2 2.1 0.2 1.6 19.3 2.6 0.3 .......... -6.4 -5.3 -1.1 100.0 1976 0.2 0.1 4.8 0.4 23.6 2.1 1.0 10.8 0.7 1.9 0.7 0.6 7.1 0.4 3.1 11.7 5.0 0.6 2.0 0.8 * -* 1.0 1.0 0.2 2.2 0.2 1.5 19.7 2.3 0.3 .......... -6.0 -5.0 -1.0 100.0 TQ 0.2 0.1 5.2 0.4 22.7 2.1 1.1 11.0 0.7 1.4 0.9 0.6 6.4 0.4 3.0 10.7 4.1 0.6 2.0 1.2 * * 1.4 1.0 0.2 2.5 0.1 1.3 20.6 3.4 -0.8 .......... -4.7 -4.3 -0.4 100.0 1977 0.2 0.1 5.7 0.5 23.3 2.1 1.2 11.4 0.7 1.4 0.8 0.5 5.7 0.4 2.9 11.7 4.4 0.6 2.0 1.1 * * 0.9 1.0 0.2 2.4 0.2 1.5 20.6 2.3 -* .......... -5.6 -4.7 -0.9 100.0 1978 0.2 0.1 6.6 1.0 22.3 2.1 1.4 11.3 0.7 1.7 0.8 0.5 5.2 0.4 2.8 11.8 4.1 0.6 2.0 0.9 * * 1.1 0.9 0.2 2.4 0.6 1.4 20.3 2.0 -0.1 .......... -5.3 -4.5 -0.8 100.0 1979 0.2 0.1 6.3 0.7 22.5 2.4 1.5 11.5 0.7 1.8 0.8 0.5 4.7 0.4 2.9 12.7 3.9 0.6 2.0 1.0 * * 0.7 0.9 0.2 2.5 0.3 1.2 20.5 2.0 -0.2 .......... -5.4 -4.8 -0.7 100.0 1980 0.2 0.1 5.9 0.5 22.2 2.5 1.2 11.6 0.7 2.2 0.8 0.4 5.2 0.4 3.1 12.8 3.6 0.5 2.0 0.9 * 0.1 1.3 0.8 0.2 2.5 0.3 1.2 19.9 2.4 -0.1 .......... -5.4 -4.8 -0.6 100.0 Table 4.2 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays * 0.05 percent or less 1981 0.2 0.1 6.1 0.3 22.7 2.5 1.7 11.9 0.6 2.2 0.7 0.4 4.6 0.3 3.1 13.5 3.4 0.5 2.0 0.8 * 0.1 1.2 0.8 0.1 2.7 0.3 1.2 20.5 1.7 * .......... -6.2 -5.6 -0.5 100.0 1982 1983 0.2 0.1 6.1 0.3 24.2 2.0 1.6 11.9 0.5 2.0 0.5 0.3 4.2 0.4 2.4 14.7 3.2 0.4 2.0 0.7 * 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.1 2.7 0.1 1.1 20.8 1.2 -0.1 .......... -5.7 -5.2 -0.5 100.0 0.2 0.1 6.5 0.2 25.3 1.8 1.3 11.8 0.6 2.0 0.6 0.3 4.8 0.3 2.3 14.3 3.1 0.4 2.0 0.5 * 0.1 1.0 0.8 0.1 2.6 0.1 3.7 18.6 1.1 * .......... -6.3 -5.9 -0.4 100.0 83 1984 0.2 0.1 4.9 0.2 25.9 1.8 1.3 12.0 0.6 2.0 0.6 0.3 3.0 0.4 2.4 16.4 3.0 0.4 1.9 0.5 * 0.1 1.3 0.8 0.1 2.7 0.1 2.1 20.1 1.0 * .......... -6.1 -5.5 -0.6 100.0 1985 0.2 0.1 5.9 0.2 25.9 1.8 1.1 12.1 0.5 3.0 0.5 0.3 2.6 0.3 2.4 17.3 2.8 0.3 1.7 0.5 * * 1.3 0.8 0.1 2.5 0.1 1.8 19.4 0.7 * .......... -6.2 -5.5 -0.7 100.0 1986 0.2 0.1 5.9 0.2 26.8 1.8 1.1 12.4 0.5 1.4 0.5 0.3 2.5 0.4 2.5 18.0 2.7 0.3 1.8 0.5 * 0.1 1.1 0.7 0.2 2.4 0.1 2.0 19.3 0.9 * .......... -6.6 -5.8 -0.7 100.0 1987 0.2 0.1 4.9 0.2 27.3 1.7 1.1 13.1 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.4 2.4 0.4 2.3 17.8 2.7 0.3 1.8 0.5 * * 1.0 0.8 0.2 2.7 -* 1.6 20.2 1.0 0.1 .......... -7.2 -6.3 -0.9 100.0 1988 0.2 0.1 4.1 0.2 26.5 1.7 1.0 13.2 0.6 1.8 0.5 0.4 2.1 0.4 2.2 18.8 2.7 0.3 1.8 0.5 * -* 0.7 0.9 0.2 2.7 -* 1.7 20.2 1.8 0.2 .......... -7.4 -6.3 -1.1 100.0 1989 0.2 0.1 4.2 0.2 25.8 1.9 1.0 13.3 0.5 1.7 0.5 0.5 2.2 0.4 2.1 19.9 2.6 0.3 1.8 0.4 * -* 0.4 1.0 0.2 2.5 * 1.6 19.9 2.7 -* .......... -7.8 -6.4 -1.4 100.0 1990 0.2 0.1 3.7 0.3 23.1 1.8 1.0 14.0 0.6 1.6 0.5 0.5 2.1 0.4 2.0 20.3 2.3 0.3 1.7 0.4 * -* 0.8 1.0 0.1 2.5 0.1 1.4 19.6 5.5 0.1 .......... -7.9 -6.2 -1.7 100.0 Table 4.2 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays * 0.05 percent or less 1991 0.2 0.2 4.1 0.2 19.8 1.9 0.9 15.0 0.5 1.7 0.5 0.6 2.6 0.4 2.1 20.7 2.4 0.3 1.8 0.4 * * 0.9 1.0 0.2 2.6 * 1.4 20.1 5.8 0.1 .......... -8.3 -6.3 -2.0 100.0 1992 1993 0.2 0.2 4.1 0.2 20.7 1.9 1.1 16.8 0.5 1.8 0.5 0.7 3.5 0.4 2.1 21.1 2.5 0.3 1.8 0.4 * * 0.8 1.0 0.2 2.6 * 1.8 20.4 1.0 * .......... -8.5 -6.3 -2.2 100.0 0.2 0.2 4.5 0.2 19.8 2.1 1.2 18.0 0.7 1.8 0.5 0.7 3.2 0.5 2.2 21.1 2.5 0.2 1.8 0.4 * 0.1 0.8 1.0 0.2 2.6 0.1 2.0 21.2 -1.2 0.1 .......... -8.5 -6.1 -2.4 100.0 84 1994 0.2 0.2 4.1 0.2 18.4 1.7 1.2 19.1 0.7 1.8 0.5 0.6 2.6 0.5 2.3 20.9 2.6 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 0.7 0.9 0.2 2.6 0.1 2.1 21.5 0.2 0.1 .......... -8.4 -6.0 -2.4 100.0 1995 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.2 17.1 2.1 1.2 20.0 0.6 1.9 0.5 0.7 2.2 0.4 2.3 22.9 2.5 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 0.7 0.9 0.2 2.7 * 2.0 21.8 -0.4 -0.1 .......... -9.1 -6.5 -2.6 100.0 1996 0.1 0.2 3.5 0.2 16.2 1.9 1.0 20.5 0.6 1.6 0.4 0.7 2.1 0.4 2.3 23.3 2.4 0.2 1.9 0.4 * * 0.6 0.9 0.2 2.7 0.1 2.0 22.0 0.2 -* .......... -8.7 -5.9 -2.7 100.0 1997 0.1 0.2 3.3 0.2 16.1 1.9 0.9 21.2 0.7 1.7 0.4 0.8 1.9 0.4 2.3 23.6 2.5 0.2 1.9 0.4 * 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.2 2.8 * 2.1 22.4 -0.2 -* .......... -9.7 -6.7 -3.0 100.0 1998 0.2 0.2 3.3 0.2 15.5 1.9 0.9 21.2 0.6 1.8 0.4 0.8 1.9 0.3 2.2 23.5 2.5 0.2 1.9 0.4 * * 0.5 0.9 0.2 2.8 -* 2.3 22.4 0.7 * .......... -9.7 -6.5 -3.2 100.0 1999 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.3 15.3 1.8 0.9 21.1 0.8 1.9 0.5 1.0 1.9 0.4 2.2 22.6 2.5 0.2 1.9 0.4 * -* 0.6 0.8 0.2 2.8 * 2.4 22.3 0.4 0.1 .......... -9.3 -5.9 -3.5 100.0 2000 0.2 0.2 4.2 0.4 15.7 1.9 0.8 21.4 0.7 1.7 0.4 0.9 1.8 0.4 2.3 21.8 2.6 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 0.7 0.8 0.2 2.7 -* 2.5 22.1 0.5 0.1 .......... -9.7 -5.9 -3.8 100.0 Table 4.2 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays * 0.05 percent or less 2001 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.3 15.6 1.9 0.9 22.9 0.8 1.8 0.4 1.0 2.1 0.4 2.6 20.8 2.4 0.2 1.8 0.4 * -* 0.6 0.8 0.2 2.7 -* 2.1 22.6 0.6 0.1 .......... -10.3 -6.1 -4.1 100.0 2002 2003 0.2 0.2 3.4 0.3 16.5 2.3 0.9 23.1 0.9 1.6 0.5 1.1 3.2 0.5 2.8 18.5 2.5 0.2 1.7 0.4 * -* 0.7 0.7 0.2 2.6 * 2.3 22.0 0.8 -* .......... -10.0 -5.7 -4.3 100.0 0.2 0.2 3.4 0.3 18.0 2.6 0.9 23.4 1.5 1.7 0.4 1.0 3.2 0.4 2.4 17.0 2.6 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 0.6 0.7 0.2 2.5 0.1 2.1 21.4 0.7 -0.2 .......... -9.7 -5.4 -4.3 100.0 85 2004 0.2 0.2 3.1 0.3 19.1 2.7 0.9 23.7 1.2 2.0 0.4 1.3 2.5 0.5 2.4 16.4 2.6 0.2 1.8 0.4 0.1 -* 0.6 0.7 0.2 2.5 0.2 2.1 21.0 0.4 -0.2 .......... -9.3 -5.0 -4.3 100.0 2005 0.2 0.2 3.5 0.2 19.2 2.9 0.9 23.5 1.6 1.7 0.4 0.9 1.9 0.5 2.3 16.6 2.8 0.2 1.8 0.3 0.3 * 0.6 0.6 0.2 2.4 0.1 2.2 20.5 0.7 -0.1 .......... -9.2 -5.0 -4.2 100.0 2006 0.2 0.2 3.5 0.2 18.8 3.5 0.7 23.1 2.6 1.6 0.3 0.9 1.6 0.5 2.3 17.5 2.6 0.3 1.7 0.3 0.2 * 0.5 0.6 0.2 2.4 * 2.0 20.1 0.5 -* .......... -8.9 -4.8 -4.1 100.0 2007 0.2 0.2 3.1 0.2 19.4 2.4 0.7 24.6 1.4 1.7 0.4 0.9 1.7 0.5 2.3 18.0 2.7 0.1 1.7 0.3 0.1 * 0.5 0.6 0.2 2.1 * 2.0 20.8 0.5 0.2 .......... -9.5 -5.2 -4.3 100.0 2008 0.1 0.2 3.0 0.3 19.9 2.2 0.7 23.5 1.4 1.6 0.3 0.9 2.0 0.6 2.2 18.4 2.8 0.2 1.5 0.3 * * 0.4 0.6 0.2 2.2 * 2.0 20.1 1.6 0.1 .......... -9.3 -5.1 -4.3 100.0 2009 0.1 0.2 3.3 0.3 18.1 1.5 0.7 22.6 1.5 1.7 0.3 0.8 3.9 0.6 2.1 19.9 2.7 0.2 1.6 0.2 * * 0.4 0.5 0.2 2.1 0.1 2.2 18.4 1.4 * .......... -7.8 -4.0 -3.8 100.0 2010 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.4 19.3 2.7 0.9 24.7 1.3 1.7 0.4 0.9 5.0 0.7 2.2 12.9 3.1 0.3 1.6 0.3 * * 0.6 0.5 0.2 2.0 0.2 2.0 19.8 -0.2 0.1 .......... -7.7 -3.9 -3.9 100.0 Table 4.2 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays * 0.05 percent or less 2011 0.1 0.2 3.9 0.3 18.8 1.8 0.9 24.7 1.3 1.6 0.4 0.8 3.7 0.7 2.1 15.0 3.5 0.3 1.5 0.3 * 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.2 2.1 0.2 4.3 17.5 0.5 * .......... -7.7 -4.0 -3.6 100.0 2012 2013 0.1 0.2 4.0 0.3 18.5 1.6 0.9 24.0 1.3 1.4 0.4 0.9 3.0 0.8 2.1 13.2 3.5 0.2 2.2 0.4 * * 0.3 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.1 5.3 17.9 0.9 0.1 .......... -6.5 -2.9 -3.6 100.0 0.1 0.2 4.5 0.3 17.6 1.2 0.7 25.7 1.7 1.6 0.3 0.9 2.3 0.8 2.2 11.6 4.0 0.2 1.6 0.3 * -* 0.6 0.5 0.2 2.4 * 3.2 21.9 0.8 -0.1 .......... -7.2 -3.7 -3.5 100.0 86 2014 0.1 0.2 4.0 0.2 16.5 1.7 0.7 26.7 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.8 1.6 0.8 2.2 12.7 4.3 0.2 1.6 0.3 * -* 0.5 0.5 0.2 2.5 * 2.3 23.5 0.3 -0.1 .......... -7.0 -3.7 -3.3 100.0 2015 0.1 0.2 3.8 0.2 15.2 2.4 0.7 27.8 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.7 1.2 0.7 2.0 13.2 4.3 0.2 1.7 0.2 * -* 0.7 0.5 0.2 2.5 -* 2.4 23.2 0.4 -* .......... -7.0 -3.9 -3.0 100.0 2016 0.1 0.2 3.6 0.2 14.7 2.0 0.7 28.6 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.8 1.1 0.8 2.0 13.7 4.5 0.2 1.7 0.2 * -* 0.4 0.5 0.2 2.4 -* 2.4 22.9 0.3 -* .......... -6.3 -3.5 -2.8 100.0 2017 0.1 0.2 3.2 0.3 14.3 2.8 0.6 28.0 1.3 1.4 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.7 2.0 13.7 4.4 0.2 1.5 0.2 * -* 0.5 0.5 0.2 2.4 * 2.3 22.8 0.4 -0.1 .......... -5.9 -3.3 -2.6 100.0 2018 0.1 0.2 3.3 0.2 14.6 1.6 0.6 27.3 1.7 1.3 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.9 15.3 4.3 0.1 1.3 0.2 * -* 0.5 0.5 0.2 2.4 * 2.1 23.2 0.3 -* .......... -6.0 -3.6 -2.5 100.0 2019 estimate 0.1 0.2 3.4 0.3 14.4 2.4 0.7 27.2 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.8 15.7 4.4 0.2 1.4 0.2 * -* 0.5 0.5 0.2 2.3 * 2.1 22.3 0.6 -* .......... -5.4 -3.2 -2.2 100.0 2020 estimate 0.1 0.2 2.5 0.4 14.8 1.7 0.7 27.1 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.8 16.7 4.6 0.2 1.3 0.1 * 2.3 0.6 0.5 0.2 .......... * 2.1 22.5 0.5 * -0.1 -5.4 -3.3 -2.1 100.0 Table 4.2 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962 - 2024 2021 estimate 0.1 0.2 2.4 0.2 14.7 1.5 0.6 25.9 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.8 17.3 4.7 0.2 1.3 0.1 * 2.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 .......... * 2.1 22.8 0.4 * 1.1 -5.1 -3.1 -2.0 100.0 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total outlays * 0.05 percent or less 87 2022 estimate 0.1 0.2 2.3 0.2 14.2 1.4 0.6 26.3 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.4 17.9 4.9 0.2 1.4 0.1 * 2.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 .......... * 2.2 23.0 0.5 * 0.7 -5.0 -3.1 -1.9 100.0 2023 estimate 0.1 0.2 2.2 0.1 13.9 1.3 0.5 26.3 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.4 1.3 18.5 4.7 0.2 1.3 0.1 * 2.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 .......... * 2.1 23.7 0.6 * 0.6 -4.9 -3.1 -1.8 100.0 2024 estimate 0.1 0.2 2.2 0.1 13.7 1.2 0.5 26.2 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.4 1.3 18.9 4.6 0.2 1.2 0.1 * 2.1 0.4 0.4 0.1 .......... * 2.1 24.5 0.6 * 0.2 -4.9 -3.1 -1.7 100.0 Table 5.1 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel Operation and Maintenance Procurement Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Military Construction Family Housing Other 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military 053 Atomic energy defense activities 054 Defense-related activities Total, National Defense 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance 152 International security assistance 153 Conduct of foreign affairs 154 Foreign information and exchange activities 155 International financial programs Total, International Affairs 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities Total, General Science, Space, and Technology 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply 272 Energy conservation 274 Emergency energy preparedness 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation Total, Energy 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources 302 Conservation and land management 303 Recreational resources 304 Pollution control and abatement 306 Other natural resources Total, Natural Resources and Environment 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization 352 Agricultural research and services Total, Agriculture 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit 372 Postal service (On-budget) (Off-budget) 373 Deposit insurance 376 Other advancement of commerce Total, Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation 402 Air transportation 403 Water transportation 407 Other transportation Total, Transportation 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development 452 Area and regional development 453 Disaster relief and insurance Total, Community and Regional Development 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education 502 Higher education 503 Research and general education aids 504 Training and employment 505 Other labor services 506 Social services Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services 550 Health: 551 Health care services 552 Health research and training 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety Total, Health 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social 602 Federal employee retirement and disability 603 Unemployment compensation 604 Housing assistance 605 Food and nutrition assistance 609 Other income security Total, Income Security 650 Social Security: 651 Social security (On-budget) (Off-budget) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 32,912 28,731 20,991 9,451 2,360 1,229 -170 95,503 1,682 146 97,331 8,495 7,591 4,135 2,406 76 278 -55 22,925 459 31 23,416 34,075 32,108 27,922 10,439 2,204 1,258 -99 107,906 2,089 156 110,150 35,724 34,734 29,529 11,371 1,641 1,346 186 114,531 2,514 182 117,227 37,641 38,042 31,428 12,437 2,319 1,563 166 123,595 2,668 204 126,467 41,069 46,386 35,283 13,561 2,293 1,526 533 140,651 2,991 217 143,859 48,462 55,479 48,025 16,609 3,380 2,004 2,141 176,100 3,651 251 180,001 55,704 62,461 64,462 20,060 4,916 2,203 1,680 211,486 4,737 323 216,547 61,050 66,500 80,355 22,794 4,512 2,712 912 238,834 5,718 491 245,043 64,866 70,912 86,161 26,864 4,510 2,669 2,127 258,108 6,555 494 265,157 67,773 77,800 96,841 31,323 5,517 2,890 4,645 286,789 7,325 537 294,651 3,076 3,712 782 423 6,063 14,057 319 589 362 103 -1,043 331 3,550 3,954 1,054 400 -744 8,214 4,183 4,577 1,241 451 1,124 11,575 5,084 5,772 1,318 506 -2,298 10,382 5,264 5,066 1,343 518 5,761 17,952 4,420 5,068 1,465 555 15,844 27,352 4,474 6,863 1,688 587 4,612 18,224 4,711 8,142 1,830 688 -4,632 10,739 5,069 8,943 2,011 805 7,718 24,547 6,496 13,730 2,496 947 2,776 26,446 1,039 3,227 4,266 246 850 1,095 1,136 3,498 4,634 1,274 3,807 5,081 1,347 4,223 5,570 1,460 4,790 6,250 1,535 5,108 6,643 1,535 5,684 7,218 1,637 6,517 8,155 1,957 6,858 8,815 2,223 6,925 9,148 14,008 79 431 651 15,169 993 39 48 179 1,259 4,934 242 445 711 6,332 6,123 527 3,175 841 10,665 5,448 611 3,008 777 9,843 40,640 738 -2,000 943 40,320 7,165 700 2,791 1,098 11,753 7,856 168 3,875 871 12,770 7,046 449 2,316 871 10,683 5,348 455 1,268 780 7,851 5,511 472 2,056 642 8,681 3,036 714 706 684 916 6,055 1,079 137 146 168 243 1,773 3,635 1,051 1,032 2,691 1,080 9,489 3,781 1,742 1,546 5,376 1,206 13,651 3,577 1,504 1,507 5,306 1,357 13,251 4,085 1,572 1,373 4,672 1,395 13,096 4,079 1,631 986 2,982 1,494 11,171 3,913 1,154 968 3,645 1,583 11,263 4,608 2,199 1,265 3,677 1,547 13,297 3,781 1,749 1,086 4,037 1,622 12,276 4,087 1,852 1,156 4,303 1,934 13,332 3,833 927 4,760 463 234 697 2,601 1,028 3,629 4,977 1,161 6,139 13,294 1,335 14,630 8,894 1,333 10,227 11,864 1,473 13,336 22,571 1,505 24,075 33,440 1,607 35,048 9,895 1,753 11,648 25,512 1,818 27,330 9,737 1,708 1,708 .......... .......... 1,082 12,528 12,528 .......... 468 934 934 .......... .......... 174 1,576 1,576 .......... 5,149 2,266 2,266 .......... .......... 1,403 8,818 8,818 .......... 5,338 1,787 1,787 .......... -10 1,643 8,759 8,759 .......... 6,409 1,785 1,785 .......... .......... 1,758 9,953 9,953 .......... 9,962 1,677 1,677 .......... 1,200 2,495 15,333 15,333 .......... 9,208 1,343 1,343 .......... 15 2,187 12,754 12,754 .......... 9,188 707 707 .......... 36 1,837 11,769 11,769 .......... 7,227 989 789 200 .......... 1,955 10,171 9,971 200 8,349 1,798 879 919 1,081 2,078 13,306 12,387 919 6,881 2,639 1,209 1,430 200 2,496 12,217 10,787 1,430 6,904 2,311 1,615 74 10,905 4,777 1,048 390 19 6,234 5,732 3,017 1,675 83 10,507 9,872 3,287 1,854 85 15,098 14,021 3,728 2,057 91 19,897 15,278 3,915 2,192 97 21,483 20,249 4,046 2,552 109 26,957 17,697 3,747 2,931 88 24,464 19,208 4,850 2,912 110 27,080 20,685 5,266 3,244 114 29,309 20,318 6,011 3,105 126 29,559 2,764 2,604 335 5,703 81 649 60 790 3,689 9,235 684 13,608 4,403 3,524 3,246 11,173 4,775 4,082 2,266 11,123 4,972 4,331 2,426 11,728 4,783 4,373 810 9,966 4,328 3,644 417 8,390 5,398 4,104 480 9,983 4,818 3,824 257 8,899 4,262 3,660 239 8,162 4,624 3,828 748 7,264 329 5,221 22,013 2,826 185 339 839 82 1,207 5,480 5,825 3,858 1,011 13,969 383 5,446 30,493 6,146 4,523 1,140 4,802 440 5,561 22,613 7,047 5,854 1,249 11,739 522 6,684 33,095 7,404 6,775 1,170 9,623 572 6,143 31,689 6,808 8,895 1,225 9,109 606 5,693 32,336 6,341 8,012 1,173 4,386 600 5,581 26,093 6,816 7,364 1,259 5,515 640 6,009 27,602 7,207 6,900 1,244 8,688 685 6,228 30,952 7,926 9,705 1,337 5,422 716 6,492 31,597 11,395 3,111 684 15,190 2,794 601 181 3,576 13,403 3,502 773 17,678 14,225 3,857 864 18,945 17,028 4,200 949 22,177 18,480 4,565 1,000 24,045 21,520 4,422 1,082 27,024 22,097 4,338 1,044 27,479 19,228 4,743 1,083 25,053 25,240 5,233 1,156 31,629 26,454 5,950 1,196 33,600 15,785 4,280 19,416 22,826 26,657 32,237 39,148 46,562 52,591 57,835 65,579 3,534 16,092 15,006 19,421 7,737 12,434 74,224 1,165 4,317 2,907 111 1,966 3,217 13,684 3,717 18,349 16,036 28,632 8,875 13,515 89,124 3,723 20,577 10,749 32,305 9,017 13,027 89,398 5,326 23,215 10,848 24,789 10,566 13,592 88,335 5,446 27,340 17,927 27,941 13,775 17,915 110,344 5,557 32,007 19,748 26,934 16,576 20,206 121,028 5,537 35,146 25,153 14,612 15,785 18,259 114,492 5,520 37,578 30,576 10,502 18,204 21,561 123,941 5,334 38,898 20,669 12,675 18,285 22,274 118,134 5,473 40,881 16,372 26,882 18,712 23,269 131,589 74,535 515 74,019 20,019 .......... 20,019 85,626 717 84,909 94,453 741 93,712 104,994 761 104,233 119,955 677 119,278 141,076 672 140,404 157,081 844 156,238 171,737 20,753 150,984 178,793 7,083 171,710 193,176 8,527 184,648 8,704 2,154 9,467 10,146 11,224 11,783 13,222 14,522 14,229 14,896 15,104 88 Table 5.1 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans 704 Veterans housing 705 Other veterans benefits and services Total, Veterans Benefits and Services 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities 753 Federal correctional activities 754 Criminal justice assistance Total, Administration of Justice 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions 802 Executive direction and management 803 Central fiscal operations 804 General property and records management 805 Central personnel management 806 General purpose fiscal assistance 808 Other general government 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts Total, General Government 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds 908 Other interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 909 Other investment income Total, Net Interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) 923 Infrastructure Initiative 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) 926 Spectrum relocation 927 Disability insurance reforms Total, Allowances 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf 954 Sale of major assets 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority (On-budget) (Off-budget) N/A = Not available On-budget unless otherwise stated 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 5,981 4,436 15 528 19,664 1,153 1,092 3 125 4,527 3,956 5,074 14 542 19,053 2,607 5,638 14 618 19,023 2,474 6,112 23 649 20,481 2,342 6,409 19 641 21,194 2,323 6,919 16 671 23,150 1,934 7,802 17 687 24,963 1,640 8,816 -63 721 25,341 1,556 9,078 214 738 26,483 1,036 10,005 322 779 27,246 1,668 726 208 810 3,411 438 187 55 205 884 1,789 863 297 758 3,706 2,008 1,029 308 654 3,999 2,189 1,190 339 656 4,374 2,342 1,370 320 498 4,530 2,561 1,484 352 169 4,566 2,801 1,530 423 140 4,894 3,212 1,702 468 137 5,518 3,590 1,905 495 215 6,205 3,879 2,204 599 220 6,902 780 71 1,768 316 99 9,751 470 -322 12,932 188 18 462 58 25 3,470 177 -150 4,248 878 83 1,912 350 109 9,342 531 -256 12,948 913 79 2,118 181 126 10,454 618 -289 14,200 932 84 2,375 344 133 8,282 493 -198 12,445 1,111 102 2,667 293 145 8,664 592 -351 13,226 1,036 108 2,809 409 162 6,249 763 -222 11,313 1,175 95 2,928 251 141 6,389 542 -216 11,305 1,418 103 3,395 450 142 6,361 793 -636 12,026 1,443 111 3,621 303 148 6,795 489 -513 12,399 1,358 118 3,854 400 149 6,322 561 -506 12,258 37,076 -4,988 -2,812 -2,547 -2,547 .......... .......... 26,729 29,541 -2,812 8,104 -177 -93 -887 -887 .......... .......... 6,948 7,040 -93 41,915 -5,488 -2,650 -3,875 -3,875 .......... .......... 29,901 32,551 -2,650 48,712 -6,128 -2,403 -4,723 -4,723 .......... .......... 35,459 37,861 -2,403 59,855 -7,727 -2,224 -7,273 -7,273 .......... .......... 42,630 44,855 -2,224 74,803 -9,707 -2,339 -10,220 -10,220 .......... .......... 52,538 54,877 -2,339 95,535 -11,523 -2,288 -12,958 -12,958 .......... .......... 68,767 71,055 -2,288 117,227 -13,995 -2,071 -16,130 -16,130 .......... .......... 85,032 87,102 -2,071 128,653 -15,257 -1,845 -21,742 -21,742 .......... .......... 89,808 91,653 -1,845 153,866 -17,044 -3,310 -22,410 -22,410 .......... .......... 111,102 114,412 -3,310 178,871 -21,838 -4,118 -23,437 -23,437 .......... .......... 129,479 133,597 -4,118 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... -10,761 -963 -2,662 .......... .......... -14,386 -13,423 -963 420,870 350,626 70,244 -2,646 -249 -1,311 .......... .......... -4,206 -3,957 -249 96,610 76,933 19,677 -11,528 -977 -2,374 .......... .......... -14,879 -13,902 -977 468,450 387,168 81,282 -12,401 -1,060 -2,259 .......... .......... -15,720 -14,660 -1,060 504,565 414,316 90,250 -13,095 -1,114 -3,267 .......... .......... -17,476 -16,362 -1,114 558,829 457,934 100,895 -14,638 -1,204 -4,101 .......... .......... -19,942 -18,738 -1,204 670,062 554,327 115,735 -16,473 -1,430 -10,138 .......... .......... -28,041 -26,611 -1,430 740,300 603,614 136,686 -18,203 -1,646 -6,250 .......... .......... -26,099 -24,453 -1,646 806,522 654,001 152,521 -21,706 -1,778 -10,491 .......... .......... -33,976 -32,198 -1,778 869,841 722,279 147,562 -23,219 -2,044 -6,694 .......... .......... -31,957 -29,913 -2,044 923,384 756,109 167,275 -24,648 -2,509 -5,542 .......... .......... -32,698 -30,189 -2,509 1,028,252 848,801 179,452 89 Table 5.1 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel Operation and Maintenance Procurement Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Military Construction Family Housing Other 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military 053 Atomic energy defense activities 054 Defense-related activities Total, National Defense 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance 152 International security assistance 153 Conduct of foreign affairs 154 Foreign information and exchange activities 155 International financial programs Total, International Affairs 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities Total, General Science, Space, and Technology 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply 272 Energy conservation 274 Emergency energy preparedness 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation Total, Energy 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources 302 Conservation and land management 303 Recreational resources 304 Pollution control and abatement 306 Other natural resources Total, Natural Resources and Environment 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization 352 Agricultural research and services Total, Agriculture 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit 372 Postal service (On-budget) (Off-budget) 373 Deposit insurance 376 Other advancement of commerce Total, Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation 402 Air transportation 403 Water transportation 407 Other transportation Total, Transportation 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development 452 Area and regional development 453 Disaster relief and insurance Total, Community and Regional Development 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education 502 Higher education 503 Research and general education aids 504 Training and employment 505 Other labor services 506 Social services Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services 550 Health: 551 Health care services 552 Health research and training 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety Total, Health 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social 602 Federal employee retirement and disability 603 Unemployment compensation 604 Housing assistance 605 Food and nutrition assistance 609 Other income security Total, Income Security 650 Social Security: 651 Social security (On-budget) (Off-budget) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 67,794 74,883 92,506 33,605 5,281 2,803 4,525 281,398 7,287 460 289,144 74,010 79,566 80,231 35,639 5,093 3,075 1,802 279,417 7,478 529 287,424 76,584 81,589 80,053 36,517 5,349 3,199 418 283,710 7,749 548 292,007 78,477 86,179 79,390 37,526 5,738 3,276 200 290,785 8,100 677 299,563 78,876 88,361 81,375 36,455 5,130 3,143 -403 292,936 9,656 661 303,253 84,213 117,176 71,739 36,189 5,188 3,296 -41,663 276,140 11,571 1,161 288,872 81,221 93,668 62,952 36,619 5,254 3,738 -1,382 282,070 11,972 1,023 295,066 75,974 89,100 52,787 37,761 4,554 3,941 3,010 267,126 12,051 1,897 281,075 71,365 88,577 44,141 34,563 6,009 3,501 3,138 251,294 10,890 1,135 263,319 71,557 93,690 43,646 34,517 5,428 3,392 3,428 255,658 10,098 630 266,386 69,776 93,609 42,589 34,968 6,891 4,259 2,433 254,525 10,690 966 266,181 4,759 9,543 2,988 969 -1,607 16,652 4,902 8,213 2,580 1,029 1,997 18,721 5,022 8,598 2,628 1,054 -123 17,179 5,295 7,666 2,773 1,126 390 17,250 5,695 8,393 2,928 1,315 473 18,805 6,777 9,061 3,236 1,242 2,369 22,685 6,654 6,682 4,048 1,302 2,523 21,209 6,990 5,491 4,300 1,247 14,275 32,303 7,698 4,531 4,617 1,494 -647 17,693 7,660 4,626 4,060 1,420 7,855 25,621 6,084 5,038 3,825 1,130 310 16,387 2,107 7,165 9,272 2,324 10,198 12,522 2,521 8,322 10,843 2,835 10,097 12,932 3,167 11,460 14,627 3,454 13,046 16,500 4,105 13,199 17,304 4,149 13,063 17,212 4,558 13,022 17,580 4,132 12,543 16,675 4,121 12,570 16,691 4,745 426 113 717 6,002 2,280 234 153 721 3,388 3,807 310 609 620 5,347 2,789 314 422 537 4,061 3,394 366 571 595 4,925 4,220 461 336 369 5,386 4,789 511 282 513 6,095 7,404 561 60 240 8,264 3,386 669 216 454 4,725 3,757 715 144 411 5,027 1,777 533 .......... 330 2,640 3,678 1,776 1,099 3,399 1,761 11,713 4,107 2,152 1,245 5,296 1,770 14,570 4,295 3,062 1,229 4,932 1,852 15,370 4,312 4,178 1,409 5,068 2,005 16,973 4,332 4,362 1,804 5,545 2,077 18,121 4,370 4,593 1,794 6,151 2,309 19,216 4,768 5,411 1,921 6,595 2,571 21,266 4,801 5,535 1,835 6,908 2,542 21,621 5,253 5,860 1,949 6,584 2,933 22,578 4,128 5,975 1,964 5,874 2,978 20,919 4,172 5,980 2,095 6,431 2,814 21,492 28,015 1,741 29,756 23,344 1,910 25,254 16,267 1,973 18,241 18,878 2,006 20,884 12,144 2,117 14,261 14,564 2,379 16,943 19,486 2,607 22,093 16,299 2,540 18,838 14,145 2,666 16,811 5,779 2,650 8,429 6,893 2,602 9,495 3,666 2,504 716 1,788 3,000 1,958 11,129 9,340 1,788 3,449 2,944 650 2,294 2,699 2,045 11,137 8,843 2,294 8,361 1,458 517 941 10,835 2,411 23,066 22,124 941 6,614 2,046 436 1,610 51,020 2,745 62,425 60,815 1,610 9,847 3,573 490 3,083 45,624 3,946 62,989 59,906 3,083 7,816 3,812 511 3,301 72,789 2,926 87,342 84,041 3,301 4,514 2,709 511 2,198 36,961 3,412 47,595 45,397 2,198 2,302 2,400 161 2,239 2,462 3,615 10,779 8,539 2,239 1,486 2,863 130 2,732 19,520 3,465 27,334 24,601 2,732 1,350 2,684 130 2,554 859 3,535 8,428 5,874 2,554 1,017 3,563 122 3,441 11 3,471 8,062 4,621 3,441 19,349 5,484 3,915 111 28,859 18,244 5,518 3,120 115 26,996 18,267 6,906 2,861 107 28,141 18,605 7,494 3,112 132 29,342 19,369 8,260 3,168 143 30,940 19,096 8,932 3,122 251 31,401 23,290 10,043 3,320 277 36,929 26,446 10,396 3,287 299 40,428 28,081 11,439 3,604 321 43,445 27,112 8,185 3,684 319 39,300 23,346 9,576 3,379 312 36,613 3,725 2,684 475 6,884 3,818 2,620 210 6,647 3,546 5,080 205 8,830 3,061 3,512 1,308 7,881 4,060 4,033 1,725 9,817 3,694 4,061 -2 7,753 3,788 3,284 5,218 12,290 4,848 2,919 2,383 10,150 5,461 3,219 6,910 15,591 5,193 3,301 4,501 12,995 5,083 2,767 4,688 12,538 7,644 8,723 1,289 4,875 679 6,322 29,533 8,965 9,001 1,413 5,226 730 6,849 32,183 9,502 8,932 1,470 5,327 778 8,224 34,233 10,125 10,934 1,547 5,392 802 8,396 37,195 11,293 11,311 1,628 6,093 817 8,349 39,491 13,130 12,374 1,916 6,771 808 9,143 44,141 14,230 12,166 2,083 7,252 894 9,420 46,045 14,214 14,750 2,132 7,347 933 10,457 49,834 14,782 9,595 2,188 7,981 957 13,147 48,651 15,224 14,438 2,281 7,093 993 11,985 52,014 13,697 12,725 2,118 6,911 957 11,269 47,677 29,416 6,057 1,157 36,631 32,880 7,187 1,250 41,317 36,749 7,565 1,313 45,627 42,011 8,277 1,397 51,684 50,425 8,972 1,503 60,901 63,879 9,863 1,646 75,387 80,086 10,693 1,764 92,543 95,637 11,148 1,817 108,602 102,938 11,599 1,935 116,472 103,099 11,887 1,981 116,967 95,446 12,434 1,976 109,856 71,202 75,105 78,806 85,395 105,882 103,208 133,598 124,757 162,677 156,540 179,652 5,711 42,865 17,030 11,646 18,853 24,931 121,037 5,373 44,545 16,980 9,868 19,618 26,147 122,531 5,681 47,936 15,217 9,700 20,700 29,263 128,498 5,760 50,667 15,761 9,570 21,432 31,128 134,318 5,672 53,631 18,960 11,263 25,223 32,523 147,273 5,911 57,150 27,179 19,779 29,605 41,547 181,172 5,989 58,351 39,534 19,790 33,624 46,232 203,521 5,678 61,675 38,164 21,245 39,181 52,078 218,023 6,244 64,062 28,696 21,214 40,085 60,732 221,033 5,540 67,309 23,750 15,436 40,818 66,224 219,077 6,185 69,754 24,964 16,545 40,434 68,604 226,486 196,642 4,861 191,782 208,392 4,930 203,461 221,137 4,852 216,285 233,501 5,069 228,432 250,641 3,766 246,875 271,253 2,722 268,531 289,532 6,167 283,365 306,337 6,248 300,089 321,138 5,687 315,450 333,287 5,479 327,808 352,131 5,816 346,315 15,378 15,408 15,865 16,403 16,680 17,509 17,433 18,146 18,622 18,851 19,730 90 Table 5.1 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans 704 Veterans housing 705 Other veterans benefits and services Total, Veterans Benefits and Services 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities 753 Federal correctional activities 754 Criminal justice assistance Total, Administration of Justice 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions 802 Executive direction and management 803 Central fiscal operations 804 General property and records management 805 Central personnel management 806 General purpose fiscal assistance 808 Other general government 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts Total, General Government 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds 908 Other interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 909 Other investment income Total, Net Interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) 923 Infrastructure Initiative 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) 926 Spectrum relocation 927 Disability insurance reforms Total, Allowances 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf 954 Sale of major assets 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority (On-budget) (Off-budget) N/A = Not available On-budget unless otherwise stated 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 575 9,964 214 744 26,875 362 10,481 114 803 27,169 366 10,836 1,497 798 29,362 303 11,523 792 842 29,863 219 12,168 561 872 30,499 790 13,194 744 983 33,221 563 14,256 831 994 34,076 638 15,235 1,196 963 36,178 991 16,187 203 980 36,983 1,047 16,555 628 1,050 38,131 972 16,812 226 994 38,734 3,897 2,190 595 265 6,946 4,908 2,680 867 502 8,957 5,319 2,926 1,059 316 9,620 4,965 3,288 1,553 424 10,230 5,398 3,827 2,578 774 12,577 6,169 4,614 1,728 853 13,364 6,919 5,130 2,101 872 15,021 6,989 5,486 1,937 1,006 15,419 7,021 5,884 2,222 905 16,031 7,785 6,099 2,557 2,638 19,079 8,286 6,060 2,881 4,198 21,425 1,412 110 4,032 418 136 5,847 757 -78 12,634 1,572 120 4,761 225 141 1,369 981 -623 8,546 1,602 128 5,159 63 145 1,963 1,803 -694 10,170 1,785 137 6,021 422 151 2,043 812 -893 10,479 1,811 296 6,032 2,249 161 2,033 719 -361 12,940 2,021 188 6,288 2,024 171 2,138 1,451 -718 13,563 2,137 212 7,037 432 179 1,893 1,694 -480 13,102 2,108 254 7,295 681 186 1,919 1,472 -739 13,177 2,106 210 7,707 719 185 2,213 924 -2,087 11,977 2,172 199 7,751 270 177 1,908 1,685 -1,077 13,085 1,926 206 7,640 275 154 2,073 837 -1,694 11,417 190,272 -26,628 -4,329 -23,285 -23,285 .......... .......... 136,030 140,359 -4,329 195,242 -29,614 -5,290 -21,732 -21,732 .......... .......... 138,606 143,897 -5,290 214,047 -34,406 -7,416 -20,426 -20,426 .......... .......... 151,799 159,215 -7,416 240,845 -40,467 -11,395 -19,857 -19,857 .......... .......... 169,127 180,522 -11,395 264,691 -46,321 -15,991 -17,542 -17,542 .......... .......... 184,837 200,828 -15,991 285,421 -50,426 -20,222 -20,757 -20,757 .......... .......... 194,016 214,238 -20,222 292,294 -54,193 -23,637 -15,084 -15,084 .......... .......... 199,380 223,017 -23,637 292,479 -55,537 -26,788 -11,431 -11,431 .......... .......... 198,724 225,512 -26,788 296,253 -56,494 -29,203 -7,618 -7,618 .......... .......... 202,937 232,141 -29,203 332,379 -59,871 -33,305 -7,055 -7,055 .......... .......... 232,148 265,453 -33,305 343,918 -60,869 -36,507 -5,488 -5,488 .......... .......... 241,054 277,561 -36,507 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... -25,434 -2,857 -4,716 .......... .......... -33,007 -30,150 -2,857 1,013,934 827,551 186,384 -27,259 -3,300 -4,021 -1,875 .......... -36,455 -33,155 -3,300 1,033,008 835,843 197,165 -29,037 -4,382 -3,548 .......... .......... -36,967 -32,585 -4,382 1,091,310 885,881 205,429 -29,425 -4,858 -2,929 .......... .......... -37,212 -32,354 -4,858 1,195,894 982,104 213,790 -28,044 -5,567 -3,004 .......... .......... -36,615 -31,048 -5,567 1,286,164 1,057,765 228,399 -30,402 -5,804 -3,150 .......... .......... -39,356 -33,553 -5,804 1,386,065 1,140,259 245,806 -30,680 -6,101 -2,498 .......... .......... -39,280 -33,179 -6,101 1,467,388 1,211,564 255,824 -28,186 -6,416 -2,785 .......... .......... -37,386 -30,970 -6,416 1,474,333 1,205,208 269,125 -28,361 -6,409 -3,001 .......... .......... -37,772 -31,362 -6,409 1,529,205 1,246,635 282,570 -27,961 -6,432 -2,418 .......... -7,644 -44,455 -38,023 -6,432 1,539,653 1,249,028 290,625 -27,259 -6,278 -3,741 .......... -342 -37,620 -31,342 -6,278 1,580,911 1,273,940 306,971 91 Table 5.1 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel Operation and Maintenance Procurement Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Military Construction Family Housing Other 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military 053 Atomic energy defense activities 054 Defense-related activities Total, National Defense 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance 152 International security assistance 153 Conduct of foreign affairs 154 Foreign information and exchange activities 155 International financial programs Total, International Affairs 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities Total, General Science, Space, and Technology 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply 272 Energy conservation 274 Emergency energy preparedness 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation Total, Energy 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources 302 Conservation and land management 303 Recreational resources 304 Pollution control and abatement 306 Other natural resources Total, Natural Resources and Environment 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization 352 Agricultural research and services Total, Agriculture 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit 372 Postal service (On-budget) (Off-budget) 373 Deposit insurance 376 Other advancement of commerce Total, Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation 402 Air transportation 403 Water transportation 407 Other transportation Total, Transportation 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development 452 Area and regional development 453 Disaster relief and insurance Total, Community and Regional Development 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education 502 Higher education 503 Research and general education aids 504 Training and employment 505 Other labor services 506 Social services Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services 550 Health: 551 Health care services 552 Health research and training 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety Total, Health 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social 602 Federal employee retirement and disability 603 Unemployment compensation 604 Housing assistance 605 Food and nutrition assistance 609 Other income security Total, Income Security 650 Social Security: 651 Social security (On-budget) (Off-budget) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 70,341 92,298 42,961 36,400 5,718 4,132 6,094 257,944 11,348 1,071 270,363 69,822 97,150 44,818 37,086 5,463 3,829 82 258,250 11,697 1,089 271,036 70,649 104,911 51,113 38,286 5,406 3,591 4,448 278,404 12,440 1,392 292,236 73,838 108,724 54,972 38,704 5,107 3,544 5,419 290,308 12,420 1,276 304,004 76,889 125,187 62,608 41,591 5,424 3,682 3,270 318,651 14,298 1,756 334,705 86,956 133,212 62,739 48,713 6,631 4,048 2,579 344,878 15,225 1,904 362,007 109,060 178,318 78,495 58,103 6,706 4,181 2,817 437,680 16,339 1,964 455,983 116,112 189,759 83,073 64,643 6,135 3,827 7,370 470,919 16,802 2,805 490,526 121,279 179,210 96,613 68,826 7,260 4,101 6,557 483,846 17,865 4,029 505,740 128,485 213,534 105,370 72,855 9,530 4,427 -1,299 532,902 17,433 5,931 556,266 131,754 240,243 133,776 77,549 13,974 4,005 1,649 602,950 17,181 5,692 625,823 5,954 5,159 3,890 1,117 -1,549 14,571 7,174 5,372 3,842 1,223 -2,897 14,714 8,974 5,869 5,889 1,209 15,930 37,871 6,739 7,763 5,614 770 1,756 22,642 8,124 6,659 6,411 898 -1,930 20,162 7,712 6,927 7,213 969 2,287 25,108 15,108 10,058 7,208 1,006 -1,691 31,689 30,495 7,680 8,437 999 -2,476 45,135 13,449 8,502 9,703 1,087 106 32,847 14,533 9,067 9,827 1,261 -1,976 32,712 16,269 10,581 9,537 1,266 30,727 68,380 4,184 12,456 16,640 5,627 12,321 17,948 6,356 12,460 18,816 6,707 12,541 19,248 7,662 13,327 20,989 8,077 13,901 21,978 8,626 14,386 23,012 9,046 14,321 23,367 9,086 15,243 24,329 9,260 15,765 25,025 9,799 15,581 25,380 978 533 -11 195 1,695 -739 584 208 243 296 -36 619 160 236 979 -2,302 737 158 222 -1,185 -1,100 807 149 261 117 -958 896 179 282 399 -732 881 180 245 574 1,864 868 176 295 3,203 -98 859 175 373 1,309 -948 781 155 316 304 -803 828 169 460 654 5,157 6,079 2,238 6,627 2,822 22,923 5,053 6,259 2,955 7,192 2,885 24,344 4,710 6,485 2,472 7,422 3,314 24,403 4,800 6,604 2,719 7,483 3,397 25,003 5,362 8,858 2,930 7,740 4,067 28,957 5,883 9,797 3,022 7,995 4,401 31,098 5,653 10,638 2,903 8,072 4,505 31,771 5,632 10,846 2,969 8,545 4,853 32,845 7,003 9,727 3,009 8,103 5,158 33,000 13,309 8,585 3,010 7,777 5,382 38,063 7,971 9,343 3,109 7,690 5,619 33,732 8,584 2,724 11,308 9,842 2,740 12,582 21,026 2,907 23,933 30,224 3,304 33,528 24,988 3,898 28,886 19,494 4,064 23,558 20,026 4,611 24,637 28,426 4,303 32,729 24,631 4,604 29,235 20,887 4,737 25,624 18,299 4,485 22,784 148 3,851 126 3,725 -25 4,083 8,057 4,332 3,725 -1,465 6,445 86 6,359 -33 9,376 14,323 7,964 6,359 792 5,636 29 5,607 1 7,916 14,345 8,738 5,607 1,000 3,812 100 3,712 .......... 10,617 15,429 11,717 3,712 1,937 4,332 268 4,064 -125 6,194 12,338 8,274 4,064 -384 3,754 683 3,071 -4 7,874 11,240 8,169 3,071 -286 5,462 76 5,386 -60 9,731 14,847 9,461 5,386 17 2,117 60 2,057 1 12,000 14,135 12,078 2,057 -490 1,573 568 1,005 423 12,721 14,227 13,222 1,005 207 3,797 104 3,693 401 9,896 14,301 10,608 3,693 -2,629 645 -8,254 8,899 406 11,612 10,034 1,135 8,899 27,402 9,827 3,499 344 41,072 31,099 10,394 3,637 207 45,337 35,856 11,368 4,139 222 51,585 38,609 12,006 4,527 233 55,375 44,011 18,543 4,560 240 67,354 45,863 17,304 5,444 238 68,849 40,333 21,478 6,624 295 68,730 45,229 18,330 7,200 301 71,060 49,507 18,971 7,384 373 76,235 49,625 18,105 7,608 353 75,691 50,598 19,399 8,315 370 78,682 5,187 2,920 5,458 13,565 5,492 2,575 2,557 10,624 5,486 2,705 3,097 11,288 5,395 2,836 3,028 11,259 6,553 3,314 4,658 14,525 8,066 3,458 11,497 23,021 5,718 2,956 8,025 16,699 5,780 2,535 9,821 18,136 5,724 2,636 76,135 84,495 21,641 2,474 6,985 31,100 4,722 2,390 10,529 17,641 17,044 13,521 2,350 7,620 1,007 12,073 53,615 18,794 13,829 2,244 8,382 1,041 12,387 56,677 16,859 13,679 2,602 8,732 1,128 12,491 55,491 17,136 11,877 2,645 4,862 1,242 11,715 49,477 26,037 10,472 3,106 7,797 1,441 14,656 63,509 32,927 19,543 2,852 7,623 1,531 15,406 79,882 36,396 23,573 2,962 7,385 1,587 15,749 87,652 38,254 25,602 3,085 7,255 1,610 16,210 92,016 38,845 32,294 3,213 7,432 1,634 16,560 99,978 39,688 57,011 3,178 7,210 1,636 17,079 125,802 38,109 26,718 3,164 7,320 1,650 16,675 93,636 114,741 13,392 2,040 130,173 118,709 14,270 2,112 135,091 123,638 16,305 2,230 142,173 140,537 18,563 2,370 161,470 157,657 21,488 2,531 181,676 178,787 24,377 2,866 206,030 200,807 28,052 2,793 231,652 219,528 28,932 2,941 251,401 219,113 29,562 3,071 251,746 262,668 29,343 3,154 295,165 210,534 30,174 3,520 244,228 189,999 193,667 190,625 200,588 217,096 234,428 249,947 271,656 303,410 365,371 385,008 5,950 72,743 22,968 11,877 41,019 77,522 232,079 5,841 75,233 22,130 17,643 37,840 77,370 236,057 2,573 76,783 23,725 20,593 35,552 84,417 243,643 6,128 79,010 23,023 18,351 35,925 87,324 249,761 6,869 82,531 32,694 25,357 35,030 91,025 273,506 6,738 85,180 53,551 27,192 38,880 98,367 309,908 6,449 86,830 57,464 28,986 43,349 106,602 329,680 6,480 90,556 45,596 29,804 48,582 113,350 334,368 5,303 95,116 35,150 30,120 53,428 129,923 349,040 7,229 100,764 33,791 31,489 60,249 117,572 351,094 7,418 106,092 35,298 34,008 58,382 126,828 368,026 366,050 6,895 359,155 380,464 9,142 371,322 391,098 10,830 380,268 412,032 13,262 398,770 440,370 11,700 428,670 461,930 13,978 447,952 476,571 13,291 463,280 496,047 14,348 481,699 531,657 16,527 515,130 552,225 16,066 536,159 588,962 19,335 569,627 20,688 21,544 22,965 22,677 24,469 27,153 30,053 30,925 33,464 34,992 39,684 92 Table 5.1 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans 704 Veterans housing 705 Other veterans benefits and services Total, Veterans Benefits and Services 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities 753 Federal correctional activities 754 Criminal justice assistance Total, Administration of Justice 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions 802 Executive direction and management 803 Central fiscal operations 804 General property and records management 805 Central personnel management 806 General purpose fiscal assistance 808 Other general government 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts Total, General Government 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds 908 Other interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 909 Other investment income Total, Net Interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) 923 Infrastructure Initiative 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) 926 Spectrum relocation 927 Disability insurance reforms Total, Allowances 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf 954 Sale of major assets 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority (On-budget) (Off-budget) N/A = Not available On-budget unless otherwise stated 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1,135 17,375 -276 984 39,906 1,125 17,959 1,161 963 42,752 938 18,032 1,107 1,058 44,100 1,255 19,584 796 1,108 45,420 1,608 20,931 -901 1,406 47,513 1,938 22,327 -878 1,500 52,040 2,040 24,754 520 1,666 59,033 2,412 27,453 -1,944 1,601 60,447 2,653 30,400 892 1,792 69,201 2,997 31,242 -1,218 2,958 70,971 2,523 35,038 -886 3,194 79,553 9,748 6,528 3,183 4,796 24,255 11,206 6,772 3,097 5,354 26,429 11,895 7,445 3,299 5,423 28,062 12,161 7,844 3,667 3,752 27,424 13,763 8,493 4,303 5,351 31,910 17,219 9,280 4,614 5,943 37,056 18,108 9,979 4,441 7,076 39,604 19,725 10,366 4,768 10,814 45,673 20,561 11,087 4,776 4,150 40,574 21,826 12,076 4,931 3,836 42,669 24,716 12,891 5,444 3,973 47,024 2,006 227 7,426 578 150 2,192 1,412 -1,497 12,494 2,073 437 10,873 34 149 2,192 980 -855 15,883 2,345 491 9,739 528 154 2,033 2,294 -884 16,700 2,240 448 8,466 -70 161 2,058 2,105 -2,383 13,025 2,725 583 9,330 501 170 2,473 2,077 -1,754 16,105 2,927 565 9,827 530 180 2,555 2,153 -812 17,925 3,149 537 11,692 913 212 7,676 2,774 -1,745 25,208 3,173 569 9,903 810 207 7,702 2,495 -1,068 23,791 3,280 620 10,171 625 237 3,419 1,357 -2,841 16,868 3,438 530 10,675 1,097 210 3,930 1,141 -1,359 19,662 3,548 533 10,651 486 203 3,847 1,699 -2,346 18,621 355,764 -63,776 -41,214 -6,788 -6,788 .......... .......... 243,986 285,200 -41,214 363,759 -67,208 -46,629 -8,799 -8,798 -1 -1 241,122 287,752 -46,630 353,463 -66,520 -52,070 -5,115 -5,114 -1 -1 229,757 281,828 -52,071 361,925 -69,290 -59,796 -9,886 -9,886 .......... -2 222,951 282,747 -59,796 359,476 -75,302 -68,811 -9,197 -9,197 .......... -2 206,164 274,975 -68,811 332,537 -76,494 -76,819 -8,277 -8,276 -1 .......... 170,947 247,767 -76,820 318,141 -72,523 -83,544 -6,464 -6,463 -1 -2,460 153,150 236,695 -83,545 321,679 -67,761 -86,228 -4,541 -4,541 .......... -2,972 160,177 246,405 -86,228 352,345 -69,153 -91,836 -3,957 -3,957 .......... -3,425 183,974 275,810 -91,836 405,866 -71,574 -97,722 -7,306 -7,306 .......... -2,661 226,603 324,325 -97,722 429,966 -71,964 -106,003 -10,102 -10,102 .......... -4,759 237,138 343,141 -106,003 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... -27,773 -6,483 -4,711 .......... -11,006 -49,973 -43,490 -6,483 1,642,778 1,327,595 315,183 -27,820 -7,052 -4,522 -5,158 -2,642 -47,194 -40,142 -7,052 1,692,152 1,368,153 323,999 -28,209 -7,385 -3,098 .......... -1,753 -40,445 -33,060 -7,385 1,776,660 1,450,241 326,419 -30,214 -7,637 -4,580 .......... -150 -42,581 -34,944 -7,637 1,824,870 1,489,821 335,049 -30,883 -7,910 -7,194 .......... -1,024 -47,011 -39,101 -7,910 1,958,871 1,602,858 356,013 -33,489 -8,878 -5,024 .......... -1 -47,392 -38,514 -8,878 2,090,012 1,724,687 365,325 -39,751 -9,602 -5,029 .......... .......... -54,382 -44,780 -9,602 2,266,057 1,890,538 375,519 -42,100 -11,331 -5,106 .......... .......... -58,537 -47,206 -11,331 2,408,175 2,021,978 386,197 -47,977 -10,941 -6,146 .......... -160 -65,224 -54,283 -10,941 2,582,641 2,169,283 413,358 -49,231 -11,625 -7,283 .......... -111 -68,250 -56,625 -11,625 2,780,398 2,349,893 430,505 -49,476 -12,299 -6,763 .......... -13,700 -82,238 -69,939 -12,299 2,863,068 2,402,844 460,224 93 Table 5.1 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel Operation and Maintenance Procurement Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Military Construction Family Housing Other 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military 053 Atomic energy defense activities 054 Defense-related activities Total, National Defense 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance 152 International security assistance 153 Conduct of foreign affairs 154 Foreign information and exchange activities 155 International financial programs Total, International Affairs 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities Total, General Science, Space, and Technology 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply 272 Energy conservation 274 Emergency energy preparedness 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation Total, Energy 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources 302 Conservation and land management 303 Recreational resources 304 Pollution control and abatement 306 Other natural resources Total, Natural Resources and Environment 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization 352 Agricultural research and services Total, Agriculture 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit 372 Postal service (On-budget) (Off-budget) 373 Deposit insurance 376 Other advancement of commerce Total, Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation 402 Air transportation 403 Water transportation 407 Other transportation Total, Transportation 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development 452 Area and regional development 453 Disaster relief and insurance Total, Community and Regional Development 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education 502 Higher education 503 Research and general education aids 504 Training and employment 505 Other labor services 506 Social services Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services 550 Health: 551 Health care services 552 Health research and training 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety Total, Health 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social 602 Federal employee retirement and disability 603 Unemployment compensation 604 Housing assistance 605 Food and nutrition assistance 609 Other income security Total, Income Security 650 Social Security: 651 Social security (On-budget) (Off-budget) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 139,031 256,217 164,992 79,568 22,064 2,917 9,902 674,691 16,630 4,912 696,233 149,290 271,562 135,439 80,004 26,814 3,853 552 667,514 22,985 7,063 697,562 157,102 293,632 135,822 80,232 22,578 2,268 4,012 695,646 18,228 7,314 721,188 158,389 305,237 131,899 76,688 15,991 1,832 1,435 691,471 18,529 7,035 717,035 158,352 286,775 118,321 72,033 11,368 1,690 6,858 655,397 18,305 7,721 681,423 153,531 258,277 97,757 63,347 8,069 1,483 2,775 585,239 17,485 7,433 610,157 150,188 262,459 100,412 63,483 8,394 1,416 9,371 595,723 18,404 8,157 622,284 145,858 246,575 102,108 63,872 5,654 1,140 5,636 570,843 19,018 8,530 598,391 145,447 245,147 118,894 69,544 6,927 1,254 8,502 595,715 20,118 8,284 624,117 146,144 258,708 124,339 74,129 6,893 1,316 14,701 626,230 21,367 8,742 656,339 150,854 274,088 147,487 91,957 10,372 1,424 18,343 694,525 23,329 8,992 726,846 17,652 10,549 12,073 1,256 6,380 47,910 25,262 11,162 14,352 1,431 11,169 63,376 25,222 14,095 15,820 1,580 3,878 60,595 21,658 12,466 14,029 1,552 3,884 53,589 22,312 14,124 16,298 1,546 39,059 93,339 23,625 12,598 15,118 1,445 -12,233 40,553 23,759 11,650 13,825 1,489 6,766 57,489 26,152 12,246 14,234 1,515 9,111 63,258 25,788 11,879 14,917 1,563 -3,683 50,464 28,779 12,451 16,153 1,640 7,663 66,686 28,206 11,717 14,417 1,667 24,243 80,250 10,213 16,580 26,793 15,969 18,134 34,103 11,860 18,228 30,088 11,740 17,913 29,653 12,027 17,200 29,227 11,614 16,350 27,964 12,362 17,081 29,443 12,552 17,370 29,922 12,953 18,651 31,604 13,022 19,182 32,204 14,244 20,129 34,373 2,218 1,233 199 578 4,228 18,216 23,678 215 696 42,805 5,776 1,105 255 601 7,737 5,908 232 135 437 6,712 7,739 -183 -297 486 7,745 7,747 96 100 502 8,445 6,350 1,043 -2,546 586 5,433 4,538 1,142 202 512 6,394 3,342 1,221 220 548 5,331 4,393 1,195 -219 523 5,892 4,512 1,435 -549 609 6,007 10,912 9,587 3,352 7,547 5,758 37,156 19,065 12,075 4,226 14,955 7,071 57,392 6,813 11,933 3,809 10,473 6,629 39,657 6,146 10,926 3,550 8,548 6,186 35,356 7,939 10,505 3,476 8,647 6,392 36,959 11,087 10,639 3,824 8,499 6,989 41,038 7,059 11,594 3,848 8,343 6,877 37,721 6,753 9,470 3,919 8,113 7,420 35,675 7,326 14,478 4,137 8,202 7,387 41,530 8,557 16,080 4,205 8,168 7,405 44,415 26,240 16,120 4,843 8,733 7,933 63,869 12,835 4,614 17,449 19,155 4,981 24,136 14,227 5,620 19,847 17,003 4,507 21,510 16,217 4,643 20,860 23,144 4,292 27,436 19,556 4,905 24,461 11,186 5,756 16,942 32,443 5,100 37,543 8,979 5,221 14,200 7,286 7,790 15,076 198,423 4,186 -5,491 9,677 1,222 14,402 218,233 208,556 9,677 197,364 5,296 -1,282 6,578 23,449 225,560 451,669 445,091 6,578 -22,500 -681 -5,381 4,700 -8,255 -87,556 -118,992 -123,692 4,700 -5,043 1,097 101 996 -6,600 -43,664 -54,210 -55,206 996 -28,078 2,329 74 2,255 51 38,104 12,406 10,151 2,255 -38,596 74 74 .......... 183 1,834 -36,505 -36,505 .......... -76,003 75 78 -3 1 8,269 -67,658 -67,655 -3 -22,592 100 100 .......... 2 20,298 -2,192 -2,192 .......... -9,681 360 96 264 516 15,805 7,000 6,736 264 -31,600 305 35 270 2 17,075 -14,218 -14,488 270 -12,941 318 58 260 2 24,095 11,474 11,214 260 52,574 19,771 8,788 357 81,490 91,430 23,370 9,793 402 124,995 67,858 21,693 10,142 396 100,089 53,692 21,901 10,527 391 86,511 56,266 21,998 9,958 406 88,628 66,815 20,744 9,886 415 97,860 55,563 21,344 9,706 426 87,039 55,468 19,922 9,614 432 85,436 58,589 20,512 10,696 451 90,248 61,109 20,655 10,097 469 92,330 68,778 22,377 12,975 493 104,623 18,502 3,119 19,890 41,511 8,289 8,061 7,599 23,949 6,121 3,156 11,937 21,214 5,888 2,760 6,607 15,255 4,652 3,149 10,703 18,504 19,543 2,343 29,180 51,066 4,271 2,972 9,289 16,532 4,212 2,876 10,364 17,452 5,019 2,631 10,313 17,963 13,842 3,333 25,975 43,150 32,653 5,373 62,497 100,523 37,218 24,626 3,342 7,310 1,534 17,314 91,344 115,195 12,092 3,899 11,840 1,749 22,780 167,555 50,520 12,558 3,812 8,528 1,872 17,865 95,155 39,889 5,939 3,567 7,307 1,896 17,941 76,539 39,421 20,383 3,511 8,110 1,918 18,310 91,653 38,189 2,464 3,349 7,331 1,813 18,024 71,170 39,287 17,194 3,447 7,369 1,856 18,644 87,797 39,215 49,438 3,486 6,900 1,887 18,691 119,617 40,494 37,814 3,627 7,170 1,926 19,521 110,552 40,285 75,324 3,725 7,431 1,899 19,718 148,382 44,593 27,891 3,910 7,733 1,921 21,544 107,592 251,630 30,199 3,435 285,264 327,095 42,496 4,025 373,616 369,259 32,268 4,685 406,212 322,458 32,797 4,468 359,723 324,586 32,655 4,656 361,897 303,786 31,116 4,072 338,974 379,795 32,020 4,767 416,582 458,954 32,503 4,620 496,077 476,766 34,459 4,822 516,047 514,177 36,459 5,328 555,964 550,445 39,286 4,536 594,267 406,561 436,987 452,618 502,275 484,282 507,813 527,580 547,592 604,450 607,068 606,339 7,545 110,902 45,630 35,295 60,791 166,009 426,172 14,583 119,515 127,635 106,393 83,561 158,884 610,571 7,921 122,102 166,191 53,778 95,415 178,635 624,042 7,988 122,868 119,282 44,166 105,049 184,319 583,672 8,061 128,418 93,602 40,128 115,139 163,512 548,860 8,521 133,610 70,817 39,503 112,049 169,129 533,629 8,612 136,821 44,194 42,842 115,485 178,034 525,988 8,816 140,226 34,853 42,801 111,319 177,621 515,636 9,008 141,549 35,429 44,718 110,922 182,855 524,481 9,289 142,989 32,724 45,821 108,438 174,907 514,168 9,113 146,631 30,594 50,069 105,702 171,095 513,204 619,667 17,841 601,826 689,801 35,002 654,799 706,829 22,921 683,908 731,730 101,909 629,821 777,604 140,363 637,241 816,453 55,865 760,588 854,238 25,819 828,419 892,006 30,939 861,067 920,079 32,469 887,610 946,159 37,396 908,763 989,656 35,753 953,903 42,305 44,747 62,282 55,019 52,256 62,524 72,424 79,966 77,699 86,897 90,899 94 Table 5.1 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans 704 Veterans housing 705 Other veterans benefits and services Total, Veterans Benefits and Services 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities 753 Federal correctional activities 754 Criminal justice assistance Total, Administration of Justice 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions 802 Executive direction and management 803 Central fiscal operations 804 General property and records management 805 Central personnel management 806 General purpose fiscal assistance 808 Other general government 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts Total, General Government 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds 908 Other interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 909 Other investment income Total, Net Interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) 923 Infrastructure Initiative 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) 926 Spectrum relocation 927 Disability insurance reforms Total, Allowances 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf 954 Sale of major assets 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority (On-budget) (Off-budget) N/A = Not available On-budget unless otherwise stated 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2,824 39,056 -414 4,540 88,311 2009 3,766 43,683 -556 5,308 96,948 8,593 47,057 570 5,942 124,444 10,396 50,343 1,285 6,081 123,124 12,195 52,553 1,414 6,106 124,524 11,274 54,629 1,336 6,789 136,552 13,310 71,191 2,145 7,162 166,232 15,147 57,719 745 7,392 160,969 14,423 63,053 808 7,873 163,856 16,441 68,178 -540 8,280 179,256 13,678 80,693 -1,261 8,383 192,392 27,786 12,972 5,660 3,516 49,934 29,257 14,239 6,177 7,863 57,536 30,436 14,913 6,205 4,601 56,155 28,380 15,065 6,381 3,753 53,579 27,734 17,677 6,597 3,319 55,327 27,217 14,930 6,525 2,987 51,659 27,824 17,769 6,859 3,231 55,683 34,126 14,405 6,915 4,937 60,383 27,146 14,704 7,479 7,234 56,563 30,991 15,780 7,136 11,805 65,712 35,551 15,975 7,326 7,540 66,392 3,639 508 11,438 701 195 4,050 1,463 -462 21,532 4,102 559 12,400 6,518 188 4,100 3,354 -1,012 30,209 4,237 590 12,697 698 203 5,224 1,717 -1,721 23,645 4,108 530 12,583 -612 198 7,657 2,839 -1,479 25,824 3,953 489 12,430 -471 199 7,908 4,043 -2,012 26,539 3,699 471 11,771 -871 194 7,807 5,613 -2,692 25,992 3,878 498 12,118 2,355 204 7,769 4,268 127 31,217 3,905 511 11,868 -75 205 7,124 2,995 -4,786 21,747 3,967 523 12,138 925 233 7,283 5,299 -4,046 26,322 4,052 541 12,210 -929 235 6,888 3,934 -3,538 23,393 4,322 520 12,625 -232 245 7,419 2,686 -1,845 25,740 451,143 -77,821 -113,718 -12,902 -12,902 .......... 6,027 252,729 366,447 -113,718 383,073 -63,600 -117,954 -14,964 -14,964 .......... 349 186,904 304,858 -117,954 413,934 -67,268 -118,502 -29,540 -29,540 .......... -2,431 196,193 314,695 -118,502 453,987 -72,030 -115,981 -35,363 -35,363 .......... -142 230,471 346,452 -115,981 359,219 -14,753 -112,393 -8,615 -8,615 .......... -3,537 219,921 332,314 -112,393 415,651 -51,015 -105,650 -35,043 -35,043 .......... -3,048 220,895 326,545 -105,650 429,538 -57,848 -100,266 -39,888 -39,888 .......... -2,568 228,968 329,234 -100,266 402,429 -45,823 -95,968 -37,766 -37,766 .......... 324 223,196 319,164 -95,968 429,950 -55,536 -90,575 -41,859 -41,859 .......... -1,947 240,033 330,608 -90,575 456,921 -60,543 -86,512 -44,029 -44,029 .......... -3,302 262,535 349,047 -86,512 521,553 -66,343 -83,809 -44,431 -44,431 .......... -1,985 324,985 408,794 -83,809 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... -53,033 -13,145 -18,285 .......... -1,779 -86,242 -73,097 -13,145 3,326,275 2,841,635 484,640 -56,431 -14,226 -5,292 .......... -16,690 -92,639 -78,413 -14,226 4,077,475 3,548,278 529,197 -62,100 -14,936 -4,883 .......... -197 -82,116 -67,180 -14,936 3,484,600 2,929,430 555,170 -64,581 -15,099 -6,383 -2,404 .......... -88,467 -73,368 -15,099 3,509,881 3,010,144 499,737 -68,347 -15,592 -6,605 -12,992 .......... -103,536 -87,944 -15,592 3,576,162 3,064,651 511,511 -65,155 -16,168 -8,874 -2,588 .......... -92,785 -76,617 -16,168 3,478,366 2,839,596 638,770 -63,612 -15,737 -7,474 .......... -1,221 -88,044 -72,307 -15,737 3,618,985 2,906,572 712,413 -65,112 -16,008 -4,555 .......... -30,128 -115,803 -99,795 -16,008 3,772,698 3,023,607 749,091 -67,096 -16,936 -2,783 .......... -8,436 -95,251 -78,315 -16,936 3,972,932 3,192,569 780,363 -67,471 -17,499 -3,106 .......... -1,750 -89,826 -72,327 -17,499 4,153,809 3,348,787 805,022 -69,188 -18,193 -4,592 .......... -5,896 -97,869 -79,676 -18,193 4,465,739 3,613,578 852,161 95 Table 5.1 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel Operation and Maintenance Procurement Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Military Construction Family Housing Other 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military 053 Atomic energy defense activities 054 Defense-related activities Total, National Defense 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance 152 International security assistance 153 Conduct of foreign affairs 154 Foreign information and exchange activities 155 International financial programs Total, International Affairs 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities Total, General Science, Space, and Technology 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply 272 Energy conservation 274 Emergency energy preparedness 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation Total, Energy 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources 302 Conservation and land management 303 Recreational resources 304 Pollution control and abatement 306 Other natural resources Total, Natural Resources and Environment 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization 352 Agricultural research and services Total, Agriculture 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit 372 Postal service (On-budget) (Off-budget) 373 Deposit insurance 376 Other advancement of commerce Total, Commerce and Housing Credit (On-budget) (Off-budget) 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation 402 Air transportation 403 Water transportation 407 Other transportation Total, Transportation 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development 452 Area and regional development 453 Disaster relief and insurance Total, Community and Regional Development 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education 502 Higher education 503 Research and general education aids 504 Training and employment 505 Other labor services 506 Social services Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services 550 Health: 551 Health care services 552 Health research and training 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety Total, Health 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social 602 Federal employee retirement and disability 603 Unemployment compensation 604 Housing assistance 605 Food and nutrition assistance 609 Other income security Total, Income Security 650 Social Security: 651 Social security (On-budget) (Off-budget) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate 158,640 279,707 147,555 95,507 9,689 1,605 369 693,072 24,023 9,128 726,223 165,127 293,816 143,377 104,508 19,763 1,325 54 727,970 24,802 9,010 761,782 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 723,818 25,380 9,295 758,493 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 737,232 25,792 9,326 772,350 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 751,674 26,117 12,388 790,179 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 756,927 26,605 12,706 796,238 27,978 11,590 14,382 1,665 19,792 75,407 17,555 11,635 12,704 1,013 8,078 50,985 17,544 11,628 12,703 1,012 8,100 50,987 17,673 11,653 12,703 1,013 5,756 48,798 17,675 11,653 12,703 1,013 5,024 48,068 17,688 11,653 12,703 1,013 5,920 48,977 14,401 20,052 34,453 12,708 20,353 33,061 12,678 20,353 33,031 12,678 20,353 33,031 12,678 20,353 33,031 12,678 20,353 33,031 4,675 1,468 -503 563 6,203 754 -4,140 -281 578 -3,089 -6,214 193 -444 578 -5,887 474 193 -1,076 583 174 364 193 -1,957 583 -817 -48 193 -2,584 583 -1,856 8,631 12,644 4,546 8,772 7,687 42,280 6,283 17,163 4,210 6,052 6,136 39,844 6,062 13,553 4,167 6,263 6,130 36,175 5,940 13,323 4,190 6,244 6,131 35,828 6,064 13,244 4,218 6,251 6,131 35,908 6,064 12,975 4,254 6,313 6,130 35,736 29,855 5,690 35,545 15,461 5,545 21,006 13,972 3,469 17,441 14,712 3,487 18,199 13,903 3,521 17,424 13,457 3,470 16,927 -26,176 318 58 260 1,690 26,519 2,351 2,091 260 -23,996 320 53 267 4,109 26,342 6,775 6,508 267 -24,354 -1,673 -1,940 267 6,712 18,229 -1,086 -1,353 267 -24,654 -1,673 -1,940 267 9,482 16,739 -106 -373 267 -24,865 -2,742 -3,009 267 12,402 15,218 13 -254 267 -24,480 -2,952 -3,219 267 15,467 14,696 2,731 2,464 267 68,203 22,110 12,408 492 103,213 57,841 20,386 11,229 477 89,933 65,674 19,090 11,298 477 96,539 65,674 18,650 11,386 477 96,187 65,674 18,545 11,472 477 96,168 65,674 18,440 11,566 477 96,157 6,335 5,041 12,269 23,645 971 3,298 23,716 27,985 961 3,381 11,822 16,164 961 3,392 11,845 16,198 961 3,403 11,829 16,193 961 3,406 11,805 16,172 42,517 66,126 3,925 7,420 1,910 21,032 142,930 37,712 36,238 2,916 6,349 1,867 17,662 102,744 37,713 35,574 2,830 6,379 1,864 17,454 101,814 37,713 32,624 2,800 6,421 1,864 17,539 98,961 37,713 29,474 2,801 6,424 1,864 17,626 95,902 37,713 26,827 2,799 6,428 1,864 17,714 93,345 552,001 41,211 5,097 598,309 560,680 34,975 5,462 601,117 623,049 34,005 5,456 662,510 604,739 33,820 5,436 643,995 624,915 34,389 5,437 664,741 630,126 33,729 5,436 669,291 695,294 705,797 717,738 806,536 828,813 846,888 9,242 150,411 29,438 50,072 103,834 197,399 540,396 9,497 155,626 30,769 44,646 81,560 195,439 517,537 9,778 161,373 32,314 44,678 83,834 191,616 523,593 9,687 166,648 34,606 44,678 84,949 200,310 540,878 9,841 171,947 37,008 44,678 87,063 201,101 551,638 10,003 177,598 39,017 44,678 88,197 199,325 558,818 1,052,541 36,326 1,016,215 1,112,651 39,764 1,072,887 1,176,542 43,528 1,133,014 1,245,423 47,421 1,198,002 1,318,855 51,503 1,267,352 1,396,553 55,929 1,340,624 101,451 109,647 116,734 125,069 133,667 142,428 96 Table 5.1 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans 704 Veterans housing 705 Other veterans benefits and services Total, Veterans Benefits and Services 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities 753 Federal correctional activities 754 Criminal justice assistance Total, Administration of Justice 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions 802 Executive direction and management 803 Central fiscal operations 804 General property and records management 805 Central personnel management 806 General purpose fiscal assistance 808 Other general government 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts Total, General Government 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds 908 Other interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 909 Other investment income Total, Net Interest (On-budget) (Off-budget) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) 923 Infrastructure Initiative 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) 926 Spectrum relocation 927 Disability insurance reforms Total, Allowances 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf 954 Sale of major assets 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority (On-budget) (Off-budget) N/A = Not available On-budget unless otherwise stated 2019 estimate 9,823 78,277 -3,104 8,391 194,838 2020 estimate 14,087 84,409 -272 8,651 216,522 2021 estimate 12,581 96,293 -250 8,648 234,006 2022 estimate 15,351 96,275 -243 8,648 245,100 2023 estimate 15,969 96,156 -239 8,649 254,202 2024 estimate 16,565 96,044 -239 8,648 263,446 33,565 15,189 7,276 7,308 63,338 41,127 16,254 6,656 4,637 68,674 42,647 16,475 7,161 4,724 71,007 43,924 16,490 7,161 4,724 72,299 45,555 16,506 7,161 4,724 73,946 46,962 16,523 7,161 4,724 75,370 4,381 519 12,578 -502 246 8,947 3,248 -1,594 27,823 4,788 414 13,144 10,633 241 8,696 2,881 -1,598 39,199 4,809 414 13,784 586 109 8,349 2,881 -1,641 29,291 4,810 414 14,411 586 108 9,108 2,883 -1,686 30,634 4,811 414 15,047 588 108 8,412 2,885 -1,654 30,611 4,811 414 15,701 588 109 8,404 2,650 -1,627 31,050 593,100 -66,138 -82,743 -49,858 -49,858 .......... -863 393,498 476,241 -82,743 679,707 -65,797 -81,619 -52,615 -52,615 .......... -864 478,812 560,431 -81,619 753,613 -69,601 -80,594 -55,044 -55,044 .......... -870 547,504 628,098 -80,594 825,437 -77,961 -78,040 -58,714 -58,714 .......... -839 609,883 687,923 -78,040 885,745 -82,628 -76,729 -61,892 -61,892 .......... -805 663,691 740,420 -76,729 932,220 -89,650 -74,754 -65,343 -65,343 .......... -779 701,694 776,448 -74,754 .......... .......... -998 164 .......... -834 -5,843 190,000 -1,052 164 100 183,369 -2,959 .......... -51,993 .......... -400 -55,352 -3,739 .......... -64,896 .......... -700 -69,335 -3,806 .......... -77,849 .......... -1,000 -82,655 -4,002 .......... -90,349 82 -1,000 -95,269 -72,332 -18,040 -5,429 .......... -1,140 -96,941 -78,901 -18,040 4,660,512 3,744,820 915,692 -83,709 -18,194 -5,351 .......... -3,120 -110,374 -92,180 -18,194 4,944,330 3,970,989 973,341 -77,185 -18,754 -5,286 .......... -600 -101,825 -83,071 -18,754 4,908,685 3,874,752 1,033,933 -76,797 -19,464 -6,193 .......... -1,080 -103,534 -84,070 -19,464 5,141,499 4,040,734 1,100,765 -75,361 -19,976 -5,890 .......... -570 -101,797 -81,821 -19,976 5,334,114 4,163,200 1,170,914 -75,140 -20,509 -6,154 .......... -625 -102,428 -81,919 -20,509 5,482,871 4,237,243 1,245,628 97 Table 5.2 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority 1976 936 346 20,690 1,732 95,503 9,314 4,970 40,368 2,423 29,200 2,733 2,066 22,933 1,251 9,977 45,880 19,653 2,177 7,390 772 70 251 10,907 3,552 717 8,870 621 6,044 74,019 17,692 .......... .......... -22,186 -18,411 -3,775 420,870 TQ 226 87 4,233 357 22,925 3,227 1,315 10,154 621 400 1,036 537 4,025 476 4,847 10,806 4,524 655 1,956 189 18 41 -736 932 169 2,406 31 1,506 20,019 4,105 .......... .......... -4,477 -4,135 -342 96,610 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1,057 431 21,841 7,814 107,906 10,568 7,021 47,035 2,881 33,818 3,741 2,204 31,194 1,530 8,456 49,491 19,043 2,479 8,273 2,764 79 312 5,334 3,876 783 10,255 1,068 6,612 84,909 8,692 .......... .......... -23,018 -19,390 -3,627 468,450 1,087 459 26,659 1,892 114,531 11,625 10,467 51,891 3,314 37,994 4,639 2,212 16,826 1,798 12,611 56,370 19,013 2,781 9,213 5,499 79 137 8,737 4,244 868 11,631 3,555 5,991 93,712 8,981 .......... .......... -24,250 -20,788 -3,463 504,565 1,131 521 37,250 2,086 123,595 13,996 9,805 59,726 3,969 31,142 4,766 2,317 24,715 2,075 16,370 63,622 20,471 2,780 10,319 5,403 83 333 7,272 4,743 914 13,314 2,081 6,266 104,233 10,957 .......... .......... -27,428 -24,089 -3,338 558,829 1,318 609 39,559 2,610 140,651 15,209 10,767 70,002 4,424 35,852 4,674 2,261 29,846 2,411 18,245 89,463 21,177 3,247 12,020 4,669 102 716 12,678 5,350 991 15,711 2,145 7,144 119,278 28,922 .......... .......... -31,988 -28,445 -3,543 670,062 1,251 656 47,410 2,072 176,100 16,752 11,241 80,788 3,971 34,220 4,403 2,096 30,999 2,583 23,486 91,193 23,136 3,089 13,898 3,026 104 1,121 16,514 5,634 1,031 18,595 1,355 7,899 140,404 17,122 .......... .......... -41,852 -38,134 -3,718 740,300 1,414 733 57,400 1,834 211,486 15,374 12,485 86,307 4,563 20,911 3,805 2,310 32,084 2,774 21,214 110,329 24,948 2,988 15,043 3,674 94 623 11,031 6,200 1,006 20,810 748 8,613 156,238 11,647 .......... .......... -42,165 -38,448 -3,717 806,522 1,687 823 69,831 1,923 238,834 15,267 11,892 91,478 4,981 16,561 4,952 2,679 38,286 2,952 23,855 116,212 25,324 3,406 16,218 3,688 102 812 6,589 7,065 1,104 22,302 1,278 30,451 150,984 9,183 200 .......... -51,078 -47,455 -3,623 869,841 1,768 904 46,734 2,015 258,108 15,336 10,952 103,715 5,231 18,148 4,906 3,096 32,013 3,193 25,821 140,445 26,464 2,674 16,587 4,064 110 641 18,945 7,458 1,323 23,530 971 17,831 171,710 10,100 919 .......... -52,329 -46,975 -5,354 923,384 98 1985 1,703 1,055 61,823 2,309 286,789 18,952 12,617 113,981 5,056 31,398 4,995 3,412 23,873 3,802 26,234 164,826 27,288 2,883 17,270 4,346 117 738 20,362 7,573 1,502 24,616 1,254 19,968 184,648 10,091 1,430 .......... -58,656 -52,029 -6,627 1,028,252 Table 5.2 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority 1986 1,720 1,045 59,154 1,980 281,398 17,750 10,558 123,589 5,139 15,928 4,574 3,446 24,589 4,311 25,775 178,401 27,062 2,722 17,519 3,446 109 779 10,707 7,807 1,458 26,294 714 15,931 191,782 11,495 1,788 .......... -65,036 -57,850 -7,186 1,013,934 1987 1,873 1,273 52,421 2,155 279,417 19,475 10,124 133,443 5,927 14,657 5,265 4,508 23,958 4,034 23,535 180,053 27,343 3,121 18,034 5,344 119 579 13,002 10,923 1,623 27,299 604 16,412 203,461 12,993 2,294 .......... -72,262 -63,672 -8,590 1,033,008 1988 2,123 1,344 55,134 2,449 283,710 20,098 11,162 142,396 6,152 14,949 5,237 4,818 23,070 4,160 24,639 202,112 29,414 3,226 19,121 4,968 126 244 11,655 9,061 1,717 30,164 418 18,330 216,285 20,873 941 .......... -78,789 -66,992 -11,798 1,091,310 99 1989 2,250 1,481 55,627 2,807 290,785 22,819 11,696 155,160 7,110 14,347 5,463 5,814 25,859 4,461 25,483 228,870 29,866 3,215 20,354 5,081 131 33 10,951 10,969 1,922 32,163 421 18,628 228,432 61,160 1,610 .......... -89,074 -72,822 -16,252 1,195,894 1990 2,248 1,752 55,214 3,683 292,936 24,549 13,983 184,673 7,292 17,315 6,669 7,891 27,377 4,728 26,971 257,597 30,438 3,165 21,802 5,380 179 2,871 12,408 12,324 2,084 35,224 928 17,425 246,875 56,032 3,083 .......... -98,930 -77,371 -21,558 1,286,164 1991 2,493 2,118 59,957 2,648 275,676 27,360 16,102 201,473 6,574 27,634 6,856 8,371 36,235 5,272 27,545 276,501 33,129 3,281 23,399 6,004 185 1,902 15,727 14,016 2,316 36,782 464 20,576 268,531 83,643 3,301 .......... -110,005 -83,979 -26,026 1,386,065 1992 2,632 2,445 66,170 3,022 281,827 28,685 17,197 251,439 11,158 24,966 7,077 9,326 48,887 6,171 32,761 293,647 33,907 3,667 24,795 6,461 202 304 13,436 14,317 2,573 35,765 1,891 23,986 283,365 50,221 2,198 .......... -117,111 -87,372 -29,739 1,467,388 1993 2,621 2,613 67,730 3,159 267,334 31,324 17,712 257,702 9,091 26,468 6,857 9,841 47,692 6,561 36,399 298,457 35,993 3,852 26,079 6,737 237 537 24,658 14,310 2,734 39,345 1,177 28,081 300,089 16,415 2,239 .......... -119,711 -86,507 -33,203 1,474,333 1994 2,612 2,832 65,458 3,811 251,294 26,881 17,159 307,700 12,476 26,322 7,453 9,519 39,003 7,050 38,662 307,256 36,804 3,925 27,050 6,436 237 546 9,543 14,570 3,018 40,380 2,058 32,376 315,450 32,061 2,732 .......... -123,469 -87,857 -35,612 1,529,205 1995 2,682 2,998 58,437 4,025 255,658 32,245 15,019 301,969 11,442 19,800 7,512 11,985 32,924 6,141 34,382 351,708 38,028 3,344 28,072 5,710 184 81 14,906 13,854 3,227 42,923 792 32,551 327,808 14,324 2,554 .......... -137,632 -97,895 -39,737 1,539,653 1996 2,454 3,174 58,592 3,612 254,525 29,097 14,128 318,434 11,667 20,821 7,202 13,964 34,099 5,852 32,012 363,815 38,690 3,336 29,094 6,268 204 77 10,178 13,886 3,219 43,814 1,089 30,349 346,315 12,500 3,441 .......... -134,997 -92,212 -42,785 1,580,911 Table 5.2 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority 1997 2,541 3,386 60,727 3,758 257,943 33,519 14,073 353,652 13,189 16,091 7,404 15,797 32,860 5,984 36,382 377,894 39,877 4,157 30,346 6,478 217 374 8,412 13,711 3,271 44,847 838 34,413 359,155 12,726 3,725 .......... -154,969 -107,272 -47,697 1,642,778 1998 2,627 3,543 58,134 4,100 258,250 35,298 14,371 359,307 11,243 20,976 8,146 16,597 33,757 6,074 40,412 391,348 42,717 4,145 31,321 7,022 246 1 7,056 13,637 3,431 47,352 243 36,022 371,321 18,130 6,359 .......... -161,034 -107,353 -53,681 1,692,152 1999 2,943 3,807 67,560 5,431 278,402 33,643 16,353 364,973 13,042 26,303 8,097 17,138 35,763 8,914 46,207 386,880 44,070 3,797 32,079 7,243 428 233 27,437 13,627 3,702 48,710 342 39,797 380,267 12,901 5,607 .......... -159,036 -99,581 -59,455 1,776,660 100 2000 2,800 4,067 75,162 8,733 290,307 31,816 15,291 392,122 13,840 24,277 8,363 15,751 31,258 8,113 49,965 391,649 45,462 4,028 32,924 7,313 272 -304 14,057 13,588 3,961 50,463 100 45,112 398,770 14,917 3,712 .......... -173,019 -105,586 -67,433 1,824,870 2001 3,149 4,459 73,082 5,167 318,651 39,734 17,666 434,443 16,400 32,296 9,584 19,196 44,437 8,371 61,570 389,999 47,410 4,619 34,339 7,601 3,826 161 11,399 14,254 4,519 53,144 -68 43,259 428,670 14,595 4,064 .......... -191,125 -114,404 -76,721 1,958,871 2002 3,613 4,970 71,209 5,545 344,878 55,838 18,447 478,236 30,570 34,481 10,768 21,381 65,209 9,859 60,336 371,204 51,894 4,730 35,383 7,841 330 237 14,438 14,868 4,884 55,306 604 43,913 447,951 18,724 3,071 .......... -200,706 -115,009 -85,697 2,090,012 2003 3,830 5,168 78,750 5,800 439,339 63,001 20,552 515,464 30,844 34,371 10,416 22,934 69,074 10,353 54,415 369,139 58,964 4,771 39,941 7,925 2,568 1,348 18,457 15,449 5,384 57,316 1,625 46,157 463,279 14,486 5,386 .......... -210,449 -117,303 -93,146 2,266,057 2004 3,937 5,440 93,037 5,877 471,796 67,161 21,988 556,305 31,650 35,077 10,137 28,092 56,923 11,951 60,854 376,958 60,279 4,554 41,846 8,390 18,804 21 15,603 15,342 5,589 59,932 4,222 49,939 481,699 15,241 2,057 .......... -212,526 -114,967 -97,559 2,408,175 2005 4,036 5,726 95,023 6,476 483,846 74,476 21,093 591,392 100,689 35,029 10,553 21,772 47,155 14,595 64,543 411,697 68,889 5,494 43,716 7,959 369 297 18,249 16,187 5,565 63,076 3,345 54,777 515,130 16,695 1,005 .......... -226,213 -123,436 -102,777 2,582,641 2006 4,219 5,993 97,339 6,638 532,926 100,019 21,085 684,554 32,285 52,405 9,940 23,052 45,896 15,438 64,444 466,551 70,937 11,944 44,672 7,583 341 722 18,695 16,570 5,690 66,756 1,755 53,360 536,159 16,285 3,693 .......... -237,548 -128,201 -109,347 2,780,398 2007 4,286 6,180 91,821 7,766 602,984 68,265 21,686 658,365 39,702 35,364 10,333 24,771 47,624 17,084 65,994 492,728 79,547 7,046 47,187 7,533 390 89 51,359 16,275 6,028 61,633 528 56,663 569,627 15,517 8,899 .......... -260,206 -141,904 -118,302 2,863,068 Table 5.2 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority 2008 4,447 6,518 92,950 9,585 674,694 65,399 22,739 721,693 50,624 50,930 10,556 26,354 57,973 23,124 67,974 751,174 88,401 9,093 45,430 7,393 289 340 24,008 17,209 6,197 65,951 1,317 58,500 601,826 31,701 9,677 .......... -277,791 -150,928 -126,863 3,326,275 2009 4,977 6,787 127,826 25,713 667,557 131,891 68,557 851,721 46,001 61,810 14,817 32,661 152,821 27,164 112,344 896,975 96,929 16,587 57,482 14,754 374 6,290 34,651 18,777 9,579 74,439 2,564 78,406 654,799 49,837 6,578 .......... -274,193 -142,013 -132,180 4,077,475 2010 4,893 7,214 130,983 13,679 695,646 62,911 23,026 889,608 45,423 45,075 12,843 30,171 179,228 30,285 84,342 392,169 124,305 5,665 54,786 10,165 432 261 28,127 18,719 6,963 72,434 6,472 70,198 683,908 17,855 4,700 .......... -267,886 -134,448 -133,438 3,484,600 101 2011 4,737 7,205 140,677 5,704 691,471 43,628 22,648 889,186 41,648 48,528 12,279 29,184 130,168 26,879 70,512 494,153 122,798 4,854 51,073 8,565 385 -1,009 25,564 18,432 6,910 79,435 5,454 154,714 629,821 19,760 996 .......... -276,478 -145,398 -131,080 3,509,881 2012 4,542 7,240 151,789 7,978 655,397 57,458 22,721 874,458 45,911 40,115 11,486 31,412 105,366 30,122 70,114 442,633 124,030 6,763 81,067 10,785 384 -977 63,185 17,773 7,159 83,630 2,724 188,759 637,241 23,324 2,255 .......... -230,682 -102,697 -127,985 3,576,162 2013 4,258 6,926 154,924 7,959 585,239 39,495 21,221 873,330 61,873 68,969 11,761 28,106 82,267 29,584 82,816 440,900 135,984 9,716 57,553 8,413 365 -1,255 10,775 16,868 6,997 86,973 952 109,001 760,588 25,258 .......... .......... -249,450 -127,632 -121,818 3,478,366 2014 4,462 7,284 157,510 10,113 595,723 55,200 22,174 960,955 44,146 42,676 11,898 32,753 55,782 28,586 71,311 442,972 165,657 5,612 57,514 9,124 378 1,932 27,987 17,644 7,296 89,745 139 83,745 828,419 26,409 -3 .......... -246,158 -130,155 -116,003 3,618,985 2015 4,506 7,404 142,471 13,817 570,843 87,258 25,393 1,045,165 45,269 44,115 12,538 29,371 45,953 29,118 71,898 485,987 160,466 5,477 62,584 7,846 3,508 -481 32,730 18,009 7,485 92,356 -734 89,340 861,067 29,533 .......... .......... -257,594 -145,618 -111,976 3,772,698 2016 4,570 7,596 168,801 10,351 595,715 76,977 27,335 1,119,006 46,021 48,843 13,969 32,114 46,991 29,828 75,727 519,865 163,330 6,042 60,139 8,208 396 555 20,768 19,280 7,597 93,745 -512 95,342 887,610 27,821 264 .......... -241,362 -133,851 -107,511 3,972,932 2017 4,686 7,760 136,547 9,486 626,230 114,844 27,501 1,144,013 62,277 60,734 13,888 37,048 44,850 31,512 78,251 548,859 178,777 7,089 58,655 8,186 432 -1,291 34,263 19,834 7,605 98,668 731 92,739 908,763 27,482 270 .......... -236,880 -132,869 -104,011 4,153,809 2018 4,981 7,908 142,537 18,269 694,525 72,114 31,454 1,176,362 102,988 81,310 14,985 36,606 43,208 29,927 88,063 633,499 191,825 24,220 60,054 8,825 412 -535 48,982 20,816 7,937 101,568 751 86,248 953,903 29,757 260 .......... -248,020 -146,018 -102,002 4,465,739 Table 5.2 - BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority 2019 estimate 5,070 7,981 160,739 12,370 693,071 107,974 33,671 1,273,901 53,372 53,026 13,030 34,329 41,673 29,840 87,655 708,738 194,414 6,933 62,204 8,704 419 -766 43,919 20,732 7,881 104,082 -32 94,160 1,016,215 31,507 260 -740 -245,820 -145,037 -100,783 4,660,512 102 2020 estimate 5,527 8,529 123,039 12,468 728,016 73,509 24,100 1,292,353 69,200 43,226 14,050 32,632 41,852 21,695 76,062 789,553 216,151 4,778 63,079 5,954 405 118,999 30,428 21,015 7,227 .......... 663 97,430 1,072,887 29,176 267 177,848 -257,788 -157,975 -99,813 4,944,330 2021 estimate 5,554 8,608 118,009 8,160 723,817 72,892 26,582 1,288,791 57,330 43,249 13,860 33,810 43,435 21,715 83,930 855,636 233,638 4,759 64,965 6,179 413 112,440 30,317 21,015 7,198 .......... 667 100,943 1,133,014 26,953 267 12,557 -252,018 -152,670 -99,348 4,908,685 2022 estimate 5,555 8,630 119,250 7,658 737,232 70,064 28,781 1,367,335 58,185 43,273 14,552 33,918 45,734 21,736 83,941 926,191 244,723 4,637 66,959 6,179 413 117,397 28,001 21,015 7,200 .......... 667 112,179 1,198,002 34,411 267 -13,053 -259,533 -162,029 -97,504 5,141,499 2023 estimate 5,557 8,647 120,637 7,545 751,674 67,018 28,255 1,409,212 59,806 43,293 13,808 34,002 48,148 21,757 83,951 986,229 253,830 4,761 68,836 6,180 413 120,933 27,261 21,015 7,202 .......... 667 113,763 1,267,352 37,393 267 -24,146 -261,152 -164,447 -96,705 5,334,114 2024 estimate 5,556 8,664 121,231 7,464 756,927 64,471 28,045 1,427,955 61,250 43,327 13,504 34,115 50,163 21,779 83,962 1,032,863 263,075 4,762 70,974 6,181 413 125,605 28,159 21,015 7,203 .......... 667 115,246 1,340,624 40,207 267 -35,973 -266,830 -171,567 -95,263 5,482,871 Table 5.3 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority * 0.05 percent or less 1976 0.2 0.1 4.9 0.4 22.7 2.2 1.2 9.6 0.6 6.9 0.6 0.5 5.4 0.3 2.4 10.9 4.7 0.5 1.8 0.2 * 0.1 2.6 0.8 0.2 2.1 0.1 1.4 17.6 4.2 .......... .......... -5.3 -4.4 -0.9 100.0 TQ 0.2 0.1 4.4 0.4 23.7 3.3 1.4 10.5 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.6 4.2 0.5 5.0 11.2 4.7 0.7 2.0 0.2 * * -0.8 1.0 0.2 2.5 * 1.6 20.7 4.2 .......... .......... -4.6 -4.3 -0.4 100.0 1977 1978 0.2 0.1 4.7 1.7 23.0 2.3 1.5 10.0 0.6 7.2 0.8 0.5 6.7 0.3 1.8 10.6 4.1 0.5 1.8 0.6 * 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.2 2.2 0.2 1.4 18.1 1.9 .......... .......... -4.9 -4.1 -0.8 100.0 103 0.2 0.1 5.3 0.4 22.7 2.3 2.1 10.3 0.7 7.5 0.9 0.4 3.3 0.4 2.5 11.2 3.8 0.6 1.8 1.1 * * 1.7 0.8 0.2 2.3 0.7 1.2 18.6 1.8 .......... .......... -4.8 -4.1 -0.7 100.0 1979 0.2 0.1 6.7 0.4 22.1 2.5 1.8 10.7 0.7 5.6 0.9 0.4 4.4 0.4 2.9 11.4 3.7 0.5 1.8 1.0 * 0.1 1.3 0.8 0.2 2.4 0.4 1.1 18.7 2.0 .......... .......... -4.9 -4.3 -0.6 100.0 1980 0.2 0.1 5.9 0.4 21.0 2.3 1.6 10.4 0.7 5.4 0.7 0.3 4.5 0.4 2.7 13.4 3.2 0.5 1.8 0.7 * 0.1 1.9 0.8 0.1 2.3 0.3 1.1 17.8 4.3 .......... .......... -4.8 -4.2 -0.5 100.0 1981 0.2 0.1 6.4 0.3 23.8 2.3 1.5 10.9 0.5 4.6 0.6 0.3 4.2 0.3 3.2 12.3 3.1 0.4 1.9 0.4 * 0.2 2.2 0.8 0.1 2.5 0.2 1.1 19.0 2.3 .......... .......... -5.7 -5.2 -0.5 100.0 1982 0.2 0.1 7.1 0.2 26.2 1.9 1.5 10.7 0.6 2.6 0.5 0.3 4.0 0.3 2.6 13.7 3.1 0.4 1.9 0.5 * 0.1 1.4 0.8 0.1 2.6 0.1 1.1 19.4 1.4 .......... .......... -5.2 -4.8 -0.5 100.0 1983 0.2 0.1 8.0 0.2 27.5 1.8 1.4 10.5 0.6 1.9 0.6 0.3 4.4 0.3 2.7 13.4 2.9 0.4 1.9 0.4 * 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.1 2.6 0.1 3.5 17.4 1.1 * .......... -5.9 -5.5 -0.4 100.0 1984 0.2 0.1 5.1 0.2 28.0 1.7 1.2 11.2 0.6 2.0 0.5 0.3 3.5 0.3 2.8 15.2 2.9 0.3 1.8 0.4 * 0.1 2.1 0.8 0.1 2.5 0.1 1.9 18.6 1.1 0.1 .......... -5.7 -5.1 -0.6 100.0 1985 0.2 0.1 6.0 0.2 27.9 1.8 1.2 11.1 0.5 3.1 0.5 0.3 2.3 0.4 2.6 16.0 2.7 0.3 1.7 0.4 * 0.1 2.0 0.7 0.1 2.4 0.1 1.9 18.0 1.0 0.1 .......... -5.7 -5.1 -0.6 100.0 Table 5.3 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority * 0.05 percent or less 1986 0.2 0.1 5.8 0.2 27.8 1.8 1.0 12.2 0.5 1.6 0.5 0.3 2.4 0.4 2.5 17.6 2.7 0.3 1.7 0.3 * 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.1 2.6 0.1 1.6 18.9 1.1 0.2 .......... -6.4 -5.7 -0.7 100.0 1987 0.2 0.1 5.1 0.2 27.0 1.9 1.0 12.9 0.6 1.4 0.5 0.4 2.3 0.4 2.3 17.4 2.6 0.3 1.7 0.5 * 0.1 1.3 1.1 0.2 2.6 0.1 1.6 19.7 1.3 0.2 .......... -7.0 -6.2 -0.8 100.0 1988 1989 0.2 0.1 5.1 0.2 26.0 1.8 1.0 13.0 0.6 1.4 0.5 0.4 2.1 0.4 2.3 18.5 2.7 0.3 1.8 0.5 * * 1.1 0.8 0.2 2.8 * 1.7 19.8 1.9 0.1 .......... -7.2 -6.1 -1.1 100.0 104 0.2 0.1 4.7 0.2 24.3 1.9 1.0 13.0 0.6 1.2 0.5 0.5 2.2 0.4 2.1 19.1 2.5 0.3 1.7 0.4 * * 0.9 0.9 0.2 2.7 * 1.6 19.1 5.1 0.1 .......... -7.4 -6.1 -1.4 100.0 1990 0.2 0.1 4.3 0.3 22.8 1.9 1.1 14.4 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.6 2.1 0.4 2.1 20.0 2.4 0.2 1.7 0.4 * 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.2 2.7 0.1 1.4 19.2 4.4 0.2 .......... -7.7 -6.0 -1.7 100.0 1991 0.2 0.2 4.3 0.2 19.9 2.0 1.2 14.5 0.5 2.0 0.5 0.6 2.6 0.4 2.0 19.9 2.4 0.2 1.7 0.4 * 0.1 1.1 1.0 0.2 2.7 * 1.5 19.4 6.0 0.2 .......... -7.9 -6.1 -1.9 100.0 1992 0.2 0.2 4.5 0.2 19.2 2.0 1.2 17.1 0.8 1.7 0.5 0.6 3.3 0.4 2.2 20.0 2.3 0.2 1.7 0.4 * * 0.9 1.0 0.2 2.4 0.1 1.6 19.3 3.4 0.1 .......... -8.0 -6.0 -2.0 100.0 1993 0.2 0.2 4.6 0.2 18.1 2.1 1.2 17.5 0.6 1.8 0.5 0.7 3.2 0.4 2.5 20.2 2.4 0.3 1.8 0.5 * * 1.7 1.0 0.2 2.7 0.1 1.9 20.4 1.1 0.2 .......... -8.1 -5.9 -2.3 100.0 1994 0.2 0.2 4.3 0.2 16.4 1.8 1.1 20.1 0.8 1.7 0.5 0.6 2.6 0.5 2.5 20.1 2.4 0.3 1.8 0.4 * * 0.6 1.0 0.2 2.6 0.1 2.1 20.6 2.1 0.2 .......... -8.1 -5.7 -2.3 100.0 1995 0.2 0.2 3.8 0.3 16.6 2.1 1.0 19.6 0.7 1.3 0.5 0.8 2.1 0.4 2.2 22.8 2.5 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 1.0 0.9 0.2 2.8 0.1 2.1 21.3 0.9 0.2 .......... -8.9 -6.4 -2.6 100.0 1996 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.2 16.1 1.8 0.9 20.1 0.7 1.3 0.5 0.9 2.2 0.4 2.0 23.0 2.4 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 0.6 0.9 0.2 2.8 0.1 1.9 21.9 0.8 0.2 .......... -8.5 -5.8 -2.7 100.0 Table 5.3 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority * 0.05 percent or less 1997 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.2 15.7 2.0 0.9 21.5 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.4 2.2 23.0 2.4 0.3 1.8 0.4 * * 0.5 0.8 0.2 2.7 0.1 2.1 21.9 0.8 0.2 .......... -9.4 -6.5 -2.9 100.0 1998 0.2 0.2 3.4 0.2 15.3 2.1 0.8 21.2 0.7 1.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.4 2.4 23.1 2.5 0.2 1.9 0.4 * * 0.4 0.8 0.2 2.8 * 2.1 21.9 1.1 0.4 .......... -9.5 -6.3 -3.2 100.0 1999 2000 0.2 0.2 3.8 0.3 15.7 1.9 0.9 20.5 0.7 1.5 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.5 2.6 21.8 2.5 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 1.5 0.8 0.2 2.7 * 2.2 21.4 0.7 0.3 .......... -9.0 -5.6 -3.3 100.0 105 0.2 0.2 4.1 0.5 15.9 1.7 0.8 21.5 0.8 1.3 0.5 0.9 1.7 0.4 2.7 21.5 2.5 0.2 1.8 0.4 * -* 0.8 0.7 0.2 2.8 * 2.5 21.9 0.8 0.2 .......... -9.5 -5.8 -3.7 100.0 2001 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.3 16.3 2.0 0.9 22.2 0.8 1.6 0.5 1.0 2.3 0.4 3.1 19.9 2.4 0.2 1.8 0.4 0.2 * 0.6 0.7 0.2 2.7 -* 2.2 21.9 0.7 0.2 .......... -9.8 -5.8 -3.9 100.0 2002 0.2 0.2 3.4 0.3 16.5 2.7 0.9 22.9 1.5 1.6 0.5 1.0 3.1 0.5 2.9 17.8 2.5 0.2 1.7 0.4 * * 0.7 0.7 0.2 2.6 * 2.1 21.4 0.9 0.1 .......... -9.6 -5.5 -4.1 100.0 2003 0.2 0.2 3.5 0.3 19.4 2.8 0.9 22.7 1.4 1.5 0.5 1.0 3.0 0.5 2.4 16.3 2.6 0.2 1.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.2 2.5 0.1 2.0 20.4 0.6 0.2 .......... -9.3 -5.2 -4.1 100.0 2004 0.2 0.2 3.9 0.2 19.6 2.8 0.9 23.1 1.3 1.5 0.4 1.2 2.4 0.5 2.5 15.7 2.5 0.2 1.7 0.3 0.8 * 0.6 0.6 0.2 2.5 0.2 2.1 20.0 0.6 0.1 .......... -8.8 -4.8 -4.1 100.0 2005 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.3 18.7 2.9 0.8 22.9 3.9 1.4 0.4 0.8 1.8 0.6 2.5 15.9 2.7 0.2 1.7 0.3 * * 0.7 0.6 0.2 2.4 0.1 2.1 19.9 0.6 * .......... -8.8 -4.8 -4.0 100.0 2006 0.2 0.2 3.5 0.2 19.2 3.6 0.8 24.6 1.2 1.9 0.4 0.8 1.7 0.6 2.3 16.8 2.6 0.4 1.6 0.3 * * 0.7 0.6 0.2 2.4 0.1 1.9 19.3 0.6 0.1 .......... -8.5 -4.6 -3.9 100.0 2007 0.1 0.2 3.2 0.3 21.1 2.4 0.8 23.0 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.9 1.7 0.6 2.3 17.2 2.8 0.2 1.6 0.3 * * 1.8 0.6 0.2 2.2 * 2.0 19.9 0.5 0.3 .......... -9.1 -5.0 -4.1 100.0 Table 5.3 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority * 0.05 percent or less 2008 0.1 0.2 2.8 0.3 20.3 2.0 0.7 21.7 1.5 1.5 0.3 0.8 1.7 0.7 2.0 22.6 2.7 0.3 1.4 0.2 * * 0.7 0.5 0.2 2.0 * 1.8 18.1 1.0 0.3 .......... -8.4 -4.5 -3.8 100.0 2009 0.1 0.2 3.1 0.6 16.4 3.2 1.7 20.9 1.1 1.5 0.4 0.8 3.7 0.7 2.8 22.0 2.4 0.4 1.4 0.4 * 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 1.8 0.1 1.9 16.1 1.2 0.2 .......... -6.7 -3.5 -3.2 100.0 2010 2011 0.1 0.2 3.8 0.4 20.0 1.8 0.7 25.5 1.3 1.3 0.4 0.9 5.1 0.9 2.4 11.3 3.6 0.2 1.6 0.3 * * 0.8 0.5 0.2 2.1 0.2 2.0 19.6 0.5 0.1 .......... -7.7 -3.9 -3.8 100.0 106 0.1 0.2 4.0 0.2 19.7 1.2 0.6 25.3 1.2 1.4 0.3 0.8 3.7 0.8 2.0 14.1 3.5 0.1 1.5 0.2 * -* 0.7 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.2 4.4 17.9 0.6 * .......... -7.9 -4.1 -3.7 100.0 2012 0.1 0.2 4.2 0.2 18.3 1.6 0.6 24.5 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.9 2.9 0.8 2.0 12.4 3.5 0.2 2.3 0.3 * -* 1.8 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.1 5.3 17.8 0.7 0.1 .......... -6.5 -2.9 -3.6 100.0 2013 0.1 0.2 4.5 0.2 16.8 1.1 0.6 25.1 1.8 2.0 0.3 0.8 2.4 0.9 2.4 12.7 3.9 0.3 1.7 0.2 * -* 0.3 0.5 0.2 2.5 * 3.1 21.9 0.7 .......... .......... -7.2 -3.7 -3.5 100.0 2014 0.1 0.2 4.4 0.3 16.5 1.5 0.6 26.6 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.9 1.5 0.8 2.0 12.2 4.6 0.2 1.6 0.3 * 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 2.5 * 2.3 22.9 0.7 -* .......... -6.8 -3.6 -3.2 100.0 2015 0.1 0.2 3.8 0.4 15.1 2.3 0.7 27.7 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.9 12.9 4.3 0.1 1.7 0.2 0.1 -* 0.9 0.5 0.2 2.4 -* 2.4 22.8 0.8 .......... .......... -6.8 -3.9 -3.0 100.0 2016 0.1 0.2 4.2 0.3 15.0 1.9 0.7 28.2 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.9 13.1 4.1 0.2 1.5 0.2 * * 0.5 0.5 0.2 2.4 -* 2.4 22.3 0.7 * .......... -6.1 -3.4 -2.7 100.0 2017 0.1 0.2 3.3 0.2 15.1 2.8 0.7 27.5 1.5 1.5 0.3 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.9 13.2 4.3 0.2 1.4 0.2 * -* 0.8 0.5 0.2 2.4 * 2.2 21.9 0.7 * .......... -5.7 -3.2 -2.5 100.0 2018 0.1 0.2 3.2 0.4 15.6 1.6 0.7 26.3 2.3 1.8 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.7 2.0 14.2 4.3 0.5 1.3 0.2 * -* 1.1 0.5 0.2 2.3 * 1.9 21.4 0.7 * .......... -5.6 -3.3 -2.3 100.0 Table 5.3 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (On-budget) (Off-budget) Total budget authority * 0.05 percent or less 2019 estimate 0.1 0.2 3.4 0.3 14.9 2.3 0.7 27.3 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.9 15.2 4.2 0.1 1.3 0.2 * -* 0.9 0.4 0.2 2.2 -* 2.0 21.8 0.7 * -* -5.3 -3.1 -2.2 100.0 107 2020 estimate 0.1 0.2 2.5 0.3 14.7 1.5 0.5 26.1 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.4 1.5 16.0 4.4 0.1 1.3 0.1 * 2.4 0.6 0.4 0.1 .......... * 2.0 21.7 0.6 * 3.6 -5.2 -3.2 -2.0 100.0 2021 estimate 0.1 0.2 2.4 0.2 14.7 1.5 0.5 26.3 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.4 1.7 17.4 4.8 0.1 1.3 0.1 * 2.3 0.6 0.4 0.1 .......... * 2.1 23.1 0.5 * 0.3 -5.1 -3.1 -2.0 100.0 2022 estimate 0.1 0.2 2.3 0.1 14.3 1.4 0.6 26.6 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.4 1.6 18.0 4.8 0.1 1.3 0.1 * 2.3 0.5 0.4 0.1 .......... * 2.2 23.3 0.7 * -0.3 -5.0 -3.2 -1.9 100.0 2023 estimate 0.1 0.2 2.3 0.1 14.1 1.3 0.5 26.4 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.4 1.6 18.5 4.8 0.1 1.3 0.1 * 2.3 0.5 0.4 0.1 .......... * 2.1 23.8 0.7 * -0.5 -4.9 -3.1 -1.8 100.0 2024 estimate 0.1 0.2 2.2 0.1 13.8 1.2 0.5 26.0 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.4 1.5 18.8 4.8 0.1 1.3 0.1 * 2.3 0.5 0.4 0.1 .......... * 2.1 24.5 0.7 * -0.7 -4.9 -3.1 -1.7 100.0 Table 5.4 - DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Total discretionary budget authority 1976 934 346 4,527 1,737 95,740 8,249 5,260 8,005 2,094 21,551 2,858 2,049 7,821 1,191 4,627 4,316 4,920 2,177 64 772 70 282 6,023 3,552 715 134 621 485 1,086 5,563 .......... .......... 197,766 TQ 226 87 1,026 358 22,965 3,015 1,400 1,664 529 167 1,006 532 1,103 456 783 1,903 1,213 659 13 189 18 55 938 932 168 34 31 126 279 2,707 .......... .......... 44,583 1977 1978 1,055 429 5,246 7,820 108,146 9,674 7,653 9,048 2,479 33,057 4,026 2,185 15,046 1,471 4,229 3,793 5,600 2,481 36 2,764 79 339 6,820 3,876 776 147 1,068 526 1,181 5,769 .......... .......... 246,819 108 1,077 453 5,781 1,897 114,688 10,097 11,274 10,274 3,000 37,320 4,837 2,192 5,934 1,725 4,880 4,480 6,237 2,778 35 5,499 78 168 8,314 4,244 863 152 3,555 573 1,292 6,243 .......... .......... 259,940 1979 1,114 514 6,132 2,092 124,052 11,650 10,867 11,023 3,133 30,218 5,019 2,291 13,054 1,982 7,201 3,157 6,743 2,782 38 5,403 83 361 10,461 4,743 911 159 2,081 603 1,365 6,780 .......... .......... 276,016 1980 1,297 600 6,693 2,619 141,346 11,717 6,778 13,640 3,977 33,326 4,950 2,234 11,220 2,282 8,367 16,289 7,026 3,249 57 4,669 101 326 9,623 5,350 987 164 2,145 658 1,451 8,096 .......... .......... 311,237 1981 1,226 647 7,504 2,080 176,598 11,409 13,437 14,206 3,665 31,543 4,781 2,063 10,830 2,449 11,260 2,032 7,568 3,093 61 3,026 104 394 13,799 5,634 1,022 170 1,355 719 1,635 6,649 .......... .......... 340,959 1982 1,379 723 6,955 1,840 212,203 10,689 12,985 13,896 4,229 18,839 4,499 2,278 6,479 2,631 11,197 3,202 8,464 2,990 60 3,676 93 306 10,489 6,200 996 139 748 780 1,905 4,697 .......... .......... 355,567 1983 1,634 811 8,008 1,984 238,854 11,265 12,638 14,697 4,399 15,802 5,240 2,643 8,065 2,789 8,972 3,614 9,508 3,412 68 3,689 102 445 12,065 7,065 1,094 140 1,278 846 2,120 5,035 .......... .......... 388,278 1984 1,629 891 8,234 2,048 258,622 12,046 12,667 15,555 4,764 16,702 5,116 3,058 11,222 3,025 8,091 3,894 9,927 2,681 79 4,067 110 344 20,597 7,458 1,323 149 971 905 2,080 5,393 .......... .......... 423,645 1985 1,550 1,040 9,095 2,323 287,090 14,057 14,104 16,601 4,714 17,026 5,459 3,309 7,709 3,636 8,598 4,457 10,764 2,891 89 4,354 116 370 18,232 7,573 1,502 149 1,254 939 2,110 5,481 .......... .......... 456,592 Table 5.4 - DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Total discretionary budget authority 1986 1,580 1,031 8,537 2,111 281,980 13,388 11,797 16,495 4,724 14,889 4,682 3,341 7,173 4,110 7,425 4,376 10,716 2,726 98 3,462 108 387 14,690 7,807 1,458 140 714 985 2,193 4,778 .......... .......... 437,903 1987 1,748 1,260 8,785 2,194 280,079 15,538 11,544 18,132 5,338 12,870 5,196 4,378 7,716 3,841 7,483 4,429 11,282 3,126 117 5,364 119 198 13,617 10,923 1,623 152 604 972 2,147 4,988 .......... .......... 445,764 1988 1989 1,776 1,330 9,096 2,465 284,334 16,235 12,982 19,349 5,393 12,700 5,321 4,686 7,906 3,909 7,614 5,685 11,611 3,247 97 5,027 126 37 12,873 9,061 1,717 160 418 1,119 2,257 4,719 .......... .......... 453,251 109 1,840 1,349 10,103 2,769 291,435 17,138 13,425 20,710 6,975 12,399 5,605 5,447 7,970 4,176 8,174 5,851 12,331 3,236 107 5,155 131 69 12,246 10,872 1,922 175 419 1,090 2,121 5,839 .......... .......... 471,081 1990 1,987 1,584 10,881 3,638 293,784 18,738 16,011 22,941 7,373 14,454 6,453 7,458 8,415 4,417 10,036 6,152 13,005 3,182 112 5,491 179 2,173 13,539 12,222 2,084 202 928 1,090 2,223 5,955 .......... .......... 496,704 1991 2,218 1,911 11,699 2,690 319,660 21,184 18,070 26,657 6,480 23,301 6,957 7,337 9,025 4,947 10,310 6,716 14,087 3,302 108 6,094 184 1,942 14,262 14,015 2,316 201 464 1,415 2,399 6,148 .......... .......... 546,099 1992 2,337 2,207 15,376 3,082 286,359 22,869 19,024 28,747 11,157 22,838 7,139 8,253 10,034 5,832 11,209 7,328 15,260 3,656 115 6,645 202 300 12,616 14,316 2,573 211 1,577 1,321 2,540 6,269 .......... .......... 531,392 1993 2,313 2,367 15,507 3,221 262,551 23,853 19,253 30,134 9,010 24,170 7,047 8,676 9,954 6,194 10,430 7,691 16,194 3,842 120 6,923 237 535 24,512 14,309 2,734 242 925 1,476 2,640 6,234 .......... .......... 523,297 1994 2,302 2,510 16,717 3,898 250,403 24,709 18,718 32,958 12,430 24,049 7,457 8,729 10,630 6,662 11,396 7,976 17,151 3,915 117 6,645 236 545 11,459 14,568 3,018 233 1,894 1,781 2,828 6,659 .......... .......... 512,592 1995 2,395 2,659 15,423 4,090 252,407 24,664 17,164 33,311 11,140 19,566 7,224 11,289 9,378 5,742 8,083 8,127 17,577 3,330 114 5,971 184 77 11,840 13,853 3,227 218 792 2,390 2,325 6,862 .......... .......... 501,422 1996 2,158 2,803 15,200 3,664 253,739 21,698 16,407 33,161 11,314 20,252 7,057 13,333 9,366 5,431 9,523 7,930 17,757 3,362 114 6,525 204 85 10,695 13,885 3,219 193 815 1,892 3,135 6,042 .......... .......... 500,959 Table 5.4 - DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Total discretionary budget authority 1997 2,246 3,004 15,553 3,821 253,987 26,637 16,521 34,398 13,369 15,042 7,326 14,800 10,250 5,530 10,361 7,735 18,865 4,110 113 6,800 217 366 10,598 13,709 3,271 194 854 2,147 3,451 5,933 .......... .......... 511,208 1998 2,320 3,195 15,665 4,167 259,826 29,752 16,793 37,112 11,096 19,744 8,064 15,681 10,705 5,584 9,648 8,614 18,895 4,171 131 7,366 246 -131 11,385 13,648 3,431 191 716 2,272 3,195 6,154 .......... .......... 529,636 1999 2000 2,626 3,397 16,316 5,381 274,680 28,766 17,759 41,436 13,241 22,163 7,964 16,217 10,979 8,320 10,449 9,372 19,213 4,093 135 7,590 428 298 30,956 13,654 3,675 188 830 2,333 3,144 6,236 .......... .......... 581,839 110 2,531 3,669 16,951 8,667 287,280 29,362 17,745 45,366 14,537 21,111 8,462 16,117 8,761 7,776 10,416 9,241 20,850 4,119 134 7,572 272 -284 13,628 13,601 3,912 198 892 2,458 3,195 5,809 .......... .......... 584,348 2001 2,849 3,991 19,226 5,097 316,289 40,103 20,030 54,152 16,048 28,357 10,268 18,400 11,958 7,774 14,682 10,342 22,375 4,687 141 7,835 3,826 198 12,590 14,253 4,431 206 1,000 2,600 3,430 6,683 .......... .......... 663,820 2002 3,311 4,422 20,132 5,442 344,407 49,505 21,318 61,098 30,003 31,419 10,539 19,677 12,320 9,385 15,684 10,545 23,940 4,649 154 8,080 330 260 13,649 14,892 4,823 229 912 2,878 3,504 7,273 .......... .......... 734,780 2003 3,553 4,628 22,388 5,641 437,495 53,112 22,195 65,825 30,759 30,092 10,579 19,484 11,834 9,689 13,501 10,678 26,506 4,699 161 8,084 2,569 1,329 18,675 15,390 5,323 239 761 2,880 3,798 7,580 .......... .......... 849,448 2004 3,580 4,837 21,492 5,775 468,475 55,650 23,353 69,151 31,228 32,034 10,796 19,622 11,790 11,359 13,864 10,670 29,113 4,563 164 8,368 18,763 64 16,796 15,378 5,590 269 787 3,040 4,133 7,750 .......... .......... 908,454 2005 3,689 5,090 22,448 6,371 478,911 57,179 24,341 69,445 99,081 33,503 10,883 20,717 12,037 14,180 15,510 10,989 32,193 5,450 175 8,029 406 340 18,180 16,197 5,482 278 1,539 3,042 4,436 7,383 .......... .......... 987,504 2006 3,865 5,358 22,518 6,626 534,514 58,429 23,560 74,804 14,874 51,147 11,200 21,425 11,472 14,708 18,074 11,418 34,098 11,926 405 7,640 344 755 18,756 16,658 5,590 284 2,234 2,821 4,595 6,595 .......... .......... 996,694 2007 3,920 5,590 25,306 6,580 600,941 57,843 23,744 70,763 39,445 37,044 11,024 22,975 11,682 16,400 15,750 11,479 38,148 6,996 153 7,726 336 164 20,149 16,284 5,923 295 573 2,997 4,683 7,132 234 .......... 1,072,278 Table 5.4 - DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Total discretionary budget authority 2008 4,047 5,838 26,118 7,882 665,965 57,227 24,085 72,233 50,005 47,149 11,634 23,564 11,768 22,113 16,572 12,189 43,636 9,013 166 7,463 292 328 18,420 17,213 6,094 300 1,635 3,064 5,015 8,383 237 .......... 1,179,648 2009 4,571 6,080 32,201 17,297 666,398 155,408 70,633 110,544 45,318 53,699 14,287 30,110 17,698 26,380 67,912 12,942 49,202 16,499 198 14,853 375 6,420 24,254 18,784 9,492 224 1,345 4,332 5,297 9,024 253 .......... 1,492,030 2010 2011 4,754 6,437 27,632 13,409 690,469 64,132 24,974 84,573 45,537 42,898 12,158 27,906 13,550 29,369 21,780 13,431 53,078 5,739 281 10,257 433 277 24,854 18,725 6,873 243 1,786 3,483 5,811 9,156 258 .......... 1,264,263 4,609 6,474 23,164 5,629 687,025 68,346 25,693 77,276 42,138 37,144 11,684 26,990 12,456 26,153 16,931 13,449 56,434 4,946 220 8,681 385 -990 22,032 18,447 6,806 203 729 3,471 5,638 8,294 258 .......... 1,220,715 111 2012 4,407 6,528 24,098 7,929 645,500 67,386 26,357 78,339 46,517 36,420 11,324 26,905 13,239 29,073 19,498 13,140 58,658 6,814 229 8,450 385 -807 24,059 17,769 7,032 238 918 3,650 5,815 7,511 255 .......... 1,197,636 2013 4,127 6,196 23,187 7,643 577,469 65,708 24,723 74,626 55,833 38,040 11,654 25,399 11,861 28,679 29,419 12,299 61,309 9,940 303 8,471 365 -1,215 22,399 16,880 6,884 227 1,754 3,637 5,385 6,764 255 .......... 1,140,221 2014 4,334 6,511 24,258 8,301 581,456 67,303 27,163 79,845 45,612 34,232 11,714 27,313 12,043 27,604 17,780 12,663 63,341 5,665 222 8,200 389 2,027 21,604 17,647 7,172 243 929 4,989 4,871 8,012 254 .......... 1,133,697 2015 4,369 6,690 25,029 8,584 560,442 66,947 27,388 83,421 46,535 30,384 12,173 26,294 11,946 28,305 17,905 12,215 65,100 5,567 217 8,140 401 -386 23,927 18,010 7,344 243 887 4,686 5,422 8,224 259 .......... 1,116,668 2016 4,440 6,773 25,798 9,280 580,290 68,307 29,705 85,849 47,893 36,483 13,238 28,750 12,171 28,663 18,573 12,635 70,871 6,102 274 8,139 397 631 23,963 19,285 7,463 274 871 4,776 5,674 8,876 264 .......... 1,166,708 2017 4,563 6,919 25,161 9,343 605,941 66,927 30,179 88,382 56,669 43,674 13,473 28,359 12,010 30,759 20,857 12,704 74,379 7,178 234 8,180 412 -1,229 25,874 19,838 7,472 292 1,282 5,110 5,720 9,056 270 .......... 1,219,988 2018 4,835 7,102 30,297 12,277 670,710 73,320 34,556 100,108 98,911 71,390 14,422 30,136 12,337 28,921 29,110 12,851 81,545 24,281 414 8,900 413 -474 24,422 20,819 7,784 292 2,357 4,534 6,028 9,971 260 .......... 1,422,829 Table 5.4 - DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Total discretionary budget authority 2019 estimate 4,922 7,102 26,137 12,140 684,991 70,498 35,534 101,688 55,480 45,122 14,487 22,848 12,077 28,872 27,280 11,932 86,614 6,999 306 8,823 412 -724 24,351 20,737 7,767 292 701 4,409 6,075 9,504 260 -904 1,336,732 112 2020 estimate 5,384 7,615 22,774 12,169 718,349 62,003 26,846 69,853 71,097 37,578 12,763 29,225 10,907 20,702 21,423 13,061 93,079 4,827 235 6,069 398 799 21,971 21,020 7,065 .......... 665 4,529 5,593 5,550 267 -1,042 1,312,774 2021 estimate 5,386 7,615 22,461 7,918 713,465 64,004 32,893 89,941 59,965 37,585 12,810 30,495 10,937 20,702 21,718 13,756 104,963 4,827 236 6,297 398 617 21,903 21,020 7,066 .......... 665 4,510 5,596 5,872 267 -51,583 1,284,305 2022 estimate 5,386 7,615 22,461 7,411 726,996 64,004 33,325 90,041 60,922 37,585 12,807 30,614 10,989 20,702 21,725 14,428 104,945 4,827 236 6,297 398 617 21,887 21,020 7,068 .......... 665 4,524 5,613 5,878 267 -64,637 1,286,616 2023 estimate 5,386 7,615 22,461 7,294 741,549 64,004 33,682 90,658 62,617 37,585 12,802 30,734 11,117 20,702 21,731 15,055 104,826 4,827 237 6,297 398 617 21,875 21,020 7,070 .......... 665 4,594 5,601 5,896 267 -74,670 1,294,512 2024 estimate 5,386 7,615 22,461 7,210 746,720 64,004 34,195 90,009 64,085 37,605 12,803 30,857 11,294 20,702 21,738 15,717 104,714 4,827 237 6,297 398 617 21,864 21,020 7,071 .......... 665 4,659 5,596 5,898 267 -87,002 1,289,529 Table 5.5 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Total discretionary budget authority * 0.05 percent or less 1976 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.9 48.4 4.2 2.7 4.0 1.1 10.9 1.4 1.0 4.0 0.6 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.1 * 0.4 * 0.1 3.0 1.8 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 2.8 .......... .......... 100.0 TQ 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.8 51.5 6.8 3.1 3.7 1.2 0.4 2.3 1.2 2.5 1.0 1.8 4.3 2.7 1.5 * 0.4 * 0.1 2.1 2.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 6.1 .......... .......... 100.0 1977 0.4 0.2 2.1 3.2 43.8 3.9 3.1 3.7 1.0 13.4 1.6 0.9 6.1 0.6 1.7 1.5 2.3 1.0 * 1.1 * 0.1 2.8 1.6 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 2.3 .......... .......... 100.0 113 1978 0.4 0.2 2.2 0.7 44.1 3.9 4.3 4.0 1.2 14.4 1.9 0.8 2.3 0.7 1.9 1.7 2.4 1.1 * 2.1 * 0.1 3.2 1.6 0.3 0.1 1.4 0.2 0.5 2.4 .......... .......... 100.0 1979 0.4 0.2 2.2 0.8 44.9 4.2 3.9 4.0 1.1 10.9 1.8 0.8 4.7 0.7 2.6 1.1 2.4 1.0 * 2.0 * 0.1 3.8 1.7 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.5 2.5 .......... .......... 100.0 1980 0.4 0.2 2.2 0.8 45.4 3.8 2.2 4.4 1.3 10.7 1.6 0.7 3.6 0.7 2.7 5.2 2.3 1.0 * 1.5 * 0.1 3.1 1.7 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.5 2.6 .......... .......... 100.0 1981 0.4 0.2 2.2 0.6 51.8 3.3 3.9 4.2 1.1 9.3 1.4 0.6 3.2 0.7 3.3 0.6 2.2 0.9 * 0.9 * 0.1 4.0 1.7 0.3 * 0.4 0.2 0.5 2.0 .......... .......... 100.0 1982 0.4 0.2 2.0 0.5 59.7 3.0 3.7 3.9 1.2 5.3 1.3 0.6 1.8 0.7 3.1 0.9 2.4 0.8 * 1.0 * 0.1 3.0 1.7 0.3 * 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.3 .......... .......... 100.0 1983 0.4 0.2 2.1 0.5 61.5 2.9 3.3 3.8 1.1 4.1 1.3 0.7 2.1 0.7 2.3 0.9 2.4 0.9 * 1.0 * 0.1 3.1 1.8 0.3 * 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.3 .......... .......... 100.0 1984 0.4 0.2 1.9 0.5 61.0 2.8 3.0 3.7 1.1 3.9 1.2 0.7 2.6 0.7 1.9 0.9 2.3 0.6 * 1.0 * 0.1 4.9 1.8 0.3 * 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.3 .......... .......... 100.0 1985 0.3 0.2 2.0 0.5 62.9 3.1 3.1 3.6 1.0 3.7 1.2 0.7 1.7 0.8 1.9 1.0 2.4 0.6 * 1.0 * 0.1 4.0 1.7 0.3 * 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.2 .......... .......... 100.0 Table 5.5 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Total discretionary budget authority * 0.05 percent or less 1986 0.4 0.2 1.9 0.5 64.4 3.1 2.7 3.8 1.1 3.4 1.1 0.8 1.6 0.9 1.7 1.0 2.4 0.6 * 0.8 * 0.1 3.4 1.8 0.3 * 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.1 .......... .......... 100.0 1987 0.4 0.3 2.0 0.5 62.8 3.5 2.6 4.1 1.2 2.9 1.2 1.0 1.7 0.9 1.7 1.0 2.5 0.7 * 1.2 * * 3.1 2.5 0.4 * 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.1 .......... .......... 100.0 1988 0.4 0.3 2.0 0.5 62.7 3.6 2.9 4.3 1.2 2.8 1.2 1.0 1.7 0.9 1.7 1.3 2.6 0.7 * 1.1 * * 2.8 2.0 0.4 * 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 .......... .......... 100.0 114 1989 0.4 0.3 2.1 0.6 61.9 3.6 2.8 4.4 1.5 2.6 1.2 1.2 1.7 0.9 1.7 1.2 2.6 0.7 * 1.1 * * 2.6 2.3 0.4 * 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.2 .......... .......... 100.0 1990 0.4 0.3 2.2 0.7 59.1 3.8 3.2 4.6 1.5 2.9 1.3 1.5 1.7 0.9 2.0 1.2 2.6 0.6 * 1.1 * 0.4 2.7 2.5 0.4 * 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.2 .......... .......... 100.0 1991 0.4 0.3 2.1 0.5 58.5 3.9 3.3 4.9 1.2 4.3 1.3 1.3 1.7 0.9 1.9 1.2 2.6 0.6 * 1.1 * 0.4 2.6 2.6 0.4 * 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.1 .......... .......... 100.0 1992 0.4 0.4 2.9 0.6 53.9 4.3 3.6 5.4 2.1 4.3 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.1 2.1 1.4 2.9 0.7 * 1.3 * 0.1 2.4 2.7 0.5 * 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.2 .......... .......... 100.0 1993 0.4 0.5 3.0 0.6 50.2 4.6 3.7 5.8 1.7 4.6 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.2 2.0 1.5 3.1 0.7 * 1.3 * 0.1 4.7 2.7 0.5 * 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.2 .......... .......... 100.0 1994 0.4 0.5 3.3 0.8 48.9 4.8 3.7 6.4 2.4 4.7 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.3 2.2 1.6 3.3 0.8 * 1.3 * 0.1 2.2 2.8 0.6 * 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.3 .......... .......... 100.0 1995 0.5 0.5 3.1 0.8 50.3 4.9 3.4 6.6 2.2 3.9 1.4 2.3 1.9 1.1 1.6 1.6 3.5 0.7 * 1.2 * * 2.4 2.8 0.6 * 0.2 0.5 0.5 1.4 .......... .......... 100.0 1996 0.4 0.6 3.0 0.7 50.7 4.3 3.3 6.6 2.3 4.0 1.4 2.7 1.9 1.1 1.9 1.6 3.5 0.7 * 1.3 * * 2.1 2.8 0.6 * 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.2 .......... .......... 100.0 Table 5.5 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Total discretionary budget authority * 0.05 percent or less 1997 0.4 0.6 3.0 0.7 49.7 5.2 3.2 6.7 2.6 2.9 1.4 2.9 2.0 1.1 2.0 1.5 3.7 0.8 * 1.3 * 0.1 2.1 2.7 0.6 * 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.2 .......... .......... 100.0 1998 0.4 0.6 3.0 0.8 49.1 5.6 3.2 7.0 2.1 3.7 1.5 3.0 2.0 1.1 1.8 1.6 3.6 0.8 * 1.4 * -* 2.1 2.6 0.6 * 0.1 0.4 0.6 1.2 .......... .......... 100.0 1999 0.5 0.6 2.8 0.9 47.2 4.9 3.1 7.1 2.3 3.8 1.4 2.8 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.6 3.3 0.7 * 1.3 0.1 0.1 5.3 2.3 0.6 * 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.1 .......... .......... 100.0 115 2000 0.4 0.6 2.9 1.5 49.2 5.0 3.0 7.8 2.5 3.6 1.4 2.8 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.6 3.6 0.7 * 1.3 * -* 2.3 2.3 0.7 * 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.0 .......... .......... 100.0 2001 0.4 0.6 2.9 0.8 47.6 6.0 3.0 8.2 2.4 4.3 1.5 2.8 1.8 1.2 2.2 1.6 3.4 0.7 * 1.2 0.6 * 1.9 2.1 0.7 * 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.0 .......... .......... 100.0 2002 0.5 0.6 2.7 0.7 46.9 6.7 2.9 8.3 4.1 4.3 1.4 2.7 1.7 1.3 2.1 1.4 3.3 0.6 * 1.1 * * 1.9 2.0 0.7 * 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.0 .......... .......... 100.0 2003 0.4 0.5 2.6 0.7 51.5 6.3 2.6 7.7 3.6 3.5 1.2 2.3 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.3 3.1 0.6 * 1.0 0.3 0.2 2.2 1.8 0.6 * 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.9 .......... .......... 100.0 2004 0.4 0.5 2.4 0.6 51.6 6.1 2.6 7.6 3.4 3.5 1.2 2.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 3.2 0.5 * 0.9 2.1 * 1.8 1.7 0.6 * 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.9 .......... .......... 100.0 2005 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.6 48.5 5.8 2.5 7.0 10.0 3.4 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.1 3.3 0.6 * 0.8 * * 1.8 1.6 0.6 * 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 .......... .......... 100.0 2006 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.7 53.6 5.9 2.4 7.5 1.5 5.1 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.1 3.4 1.2 * 0.8 * 0.1 1.9 1.7 0.6 * 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 .......... .......... 100.0 2007 0.4 0.5 2.4 0.6 56.0 5.4 2.2 6.6 3.7 3.5 1.0 2.1 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.1 3.6 0.7 * 0.7 * * 1.9 1.5 0.6 * 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.7 * .......... 100.0 Table 5.5 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Total discretionary budget authority * 0.05 percent or less 2008 0.3 0.5 2.2 0.7 56.5 4.9 2.0 6.1 4.2 4.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.9 1.4 1.0 3.7 0.8 * 0.6 * * 1.6 1.5 0.5 * 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.7 * .......... 100.0 2009 0.3 0.4 2.2 1.2 44.7 10.4 4.7 7.4 3.0 3.6 1.0 2.0 1.2 1.8 4.6 0.9 3.3 1.1 * 1.0 * 0.4 1.6 1.3 0.6 * 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 * .......... 100.0 2010 0.4 0.5 2.2 1.1 54.6 5.1 2.0 6.7 3.6 3.4 1.0 2.2 1.1 2.3 1.7 1.1 4.2 0.5 * 0.8 * * 2.0 1.5 0.5 * 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 * .......... 100.0 116 2011 0.4 0.5 1.9 0.5 56.3 5.6 2.1 6.3 3.5 3.0 1.0 2.2 1.0 2.1 1.4 1.1 4.6 0.4 * 0.7 * -0.1 1.8 1.5 0.6 * 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 * .......... 100.0 2012 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.7 53.9 5.6 2.2 6.5 3.9 3.0 0.9 2.2 1.1 2.4 1.6 1.1 4.9 0.6 * 0.7 * -0.1 2.0 1.5 0.6 * 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 * .......... 100.0 2013 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.7 50.6 5.8 2.2 6.5 4.9 3.3 1.0 2.2 1.0 2.5 2.6 1.1 5.4 0.9 * 0.7 * -0.1 2.0 1.5 0.6 * 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 * .......... 100.0 2014 0.4 0.6 2.1 0.7 51.3 5.9 2.4 7.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 2.4 1.1 2.4 1.6 1.1 5.6 0.5 * 0.7 * 0.2 1.9 1.6 0.6 * 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.7 * .......... 100.0 2015 0.4 0.6 2.2 0.8 50.2 6.0 2.5 7.5 4.2 2.7 1.1 2.4 1.1 2.5 1.6 1.1 5.8 0.5 * 0.7 * -* 2.1 1.6 0.7 * 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.7 * .......... 100.0 2016 0.4 0.6 2.2 0.8 49.7 5.9 2.5 7.4 4.1 3.1 1.1 2.5 1.0 2.5 1.6 1.1 6.1 0.5 * 0.7 * 0.1 2.1 1.7 0.6 * 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.8 * .......... 100.0 2017 0.4 0.6 2.1 0.8 49.7 5.5 2.5 7.2 4.6 3.6 1.1 2.3 1.0 2.5 1.7 1.0 6.1 0.6 * 0.7 * -0.1 2.1 1.6 0.6 * 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.7 * .......... 100.0 2018 0.3 0.5 2.1 0.9 47.1 5.2 2.4 7.0 7.0 5.0 1.0 2.1 0.9 2.0 2.0 0.9 5.7 1.7 * 0.6 * -* 1.7 1.5 0.5 * 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 * .......... 100.0 Table 5.5 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976 - 2024 Department or other unit Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense--Military Programs Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Corps of Engineers--Civil Works Other Defense Civil Programs Environmental Protection Agency Executive Office of the President General Services Administration International Assistance Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Office of Personnel Management Small Business Administration Social Security Administration (On-Budget) Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) Allowances Total discretionary budget authority * 0.05 percent or less 2019 estimate 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.9 51.2 5.3 2.7 7.6 4.2 3.4 1.1 1.7 0.9 2.2 2.0 0.9 6.5 0.5 * 0.7 * -0.1 1.8 1.6 0.6 * 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 * -0.1 100.0 117 2020 estimate 0.4 0.6 1.7 0.9 54.7 4.7 2.0 5.3 5.4 2.9 1.0 2.2 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.0 7.1 0.4 * 0.5 * 0.1 1.7 1.6 0.5 .......... 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 * -0.1 100.0 2021 estimate 0.4 0.6 1.7 0.6 55.6 5.0 2.6 7.0 4.7 2.9 1.0 2.4 0.9 1.6 1.7 1.1 8.2 0.4 * 0.5 * * 1.7 1.6 0.6 .......... 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 * -4.0 100.0 2022 estimate 0.4 0.6 1.7 0.6 56.5 5.0 2.6 7.0 4.7 2.9 1.0 2.4 0.9 1.6 1.7 1.1 8.2 0.4 * 0.5 * * 1.7 1.6 0.5 .......... 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 * -5.0 100.0 2023 estimate 0.4 0.6 1.7 0.6 57.3 4.9 2.6 7.0 4.8 2.9 1.0 2.4 0.9 1.6 1.7 1.2 8.1 0.4 * 0.5 * * 1.7 1.6 0.5 .......... 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 * -5.8 100.0 2024 estimate 0.4 0.6 1.7 0.6 57.9 5.0 2.7 7.0 5.0 2.9 1.0 2.4 0.9 1.6 1.7 1.2 8.1 0.4 * 0.5 * * 1.7 1.6 0.5 .......... 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 * -6.7 100.0 Table 5.6 - BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total National defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total Nondefense Total discretionary budget authority Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 108,146 2,216 110,362 114,688 2,661 117,349 124,052 2,828 126,880 141,346 3,156 144,502 176,598 3,846 180,443 212,203 4,976 217,179 238,854 6,118 244,972 258,622 6,963 265,584 287,090 7,763 294,853 281,980 7,645 289,625 280,079 7,881 287,960 284,334 8,163 292,497 95,740 1,828 97,567 22,965 491 23,455 8,410 1,557 9,514 11,033 13,303 12,874 17,555 14,222 16,017 25,170 24,057 20,279 18,800 18,079 1,037 3,227 4,264 3,597 6,856 1,131 3,581 244 850 1,094 943 2,081 296 1,109 1,129 3,498 4,627 5,586 10,620 1,197 4,543 1,270 3,807 5,076 9,015 14,650 1,401 4,178 1,344 4,223 5,567 8,446 14,662 1,574 4,325 1,456 4,790 6,246 17,445 14,613 1,535 6,162 1,526 5,108 6,634 8,970 12,857 1,737 4,324 1,524 5,683 7,208 8,280 13,121 1,684 3,259 1,627 6,517 8,145 6,928 14,585 1,907 3,556 1,957 6,858 8,815 6,029 13,967 2,003 3,775 2,223 6,925 9,148 6,527 15,082 2,066 4,023 2,107 7,165 9,272 4,299 13,355 1,948 2,937 2,324 10,198 12,522 3,211 16,185 2,116 2,937 2,521 8,322 10,843 4,726 16,238 2,168 2,912 2,970 2,270 1,304 6,545 4,166 1,277 524 301 2,102 460 2,110 2,454 1,306 5,869 12,245 2,886 2,692 1,564 7,141 9,838 5,164 3,048 1,689 9,900 8,967 6,250 3,181 1,766 11,197 9,804 8,716 3,397 2,099 14,212 7,715 8,450 3,223 2,432 14,105 6,267 5,466 3,939 2,380 11,785 7,602 4,267 4,316 2,679 11,262 6,611 4,056 5,063 2,471 11,591 6,232 3,385 4,565 2,165 10,115 5,766 3,417 4,685 2,432 10,534 5,657 3,020 5,209 2,362 10,590 5,451 8,835 9,260 18,096 6,220 775 3,317 1,339 4,656 1,230 222 10,508 16,328 26,836 6,856 836 11,030 7,428 18,458 7,703 914 12,607 15,039 27,646 8,317 985 12,660 12,632 25,292 8,812 1,078 12,421 12,155 24,576 8,729 1,207 11,698 7,305 19,003 8,205 1,221 12,338 8,580 20,918 8,795 1,369 13,092 11,864 24,956 9,343 1,553 15,167 8,805 23,972 10,310 1,656 14,438 8,147 22,586 10,344 1,719 16,717 8,823 25,540 12,141 1,724 17,397 9,320 26,717 12,958 2,206 18,621 2,169 20,790 1,086 4,931 3,389 6,363 .......... 100,199 197,766 111 529 641 279 1,216 879 2,363 .......... 21,127 44,583 28,632 2,518 31,150 1,181 5,612 3,714 6,071 .......... 136,457 246,819 32,305 2,755 35,060 1,292 6,249 3,971 6,614 .......... 142,591 259,940 24,789 3,363 28,152 1,365 6,756 4,337 4,834 .......... 149,136 276,016 27,663 5,680 33,344 1,451 7,043 4,493 5,347 .......... 166,736 311,237 26,078 6,537 32,615 1,635 7,583 4,518 5,648 .......... 160,515 340,959 13,879 6,822 20,701 1,905 8,479 4,844 5,884 .......... 138,388 355,567 10,028 7,915 17,943 2,120 9,526 5,468 6,644 .......... 143,306 388,278 11,401 8,083 19,484 2,080 9,946 6,152 6,915 .......... 158,061 423,645 12,617 7,712 20,329 2,110 10,783 6,781 7,072 .......... 161,739 456,592 10,751 7,840 18,591 2,193 10,742 6,828 7,305 .......... 148,278 437,903 8,568 7,772 16,339 2,147 11,313 8,657 7,981 .......... 157,804 445,764 8,650 7,679 16,329 2,257 11,631 9,180 8,469 .......... 160,754 453,251 118 Table 5.6 - BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total National defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total Nondefense Total discretionary budget authority Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 291,435 8,633 300,067 293,784 10,162 303,946 319,660 12,568 332,228 286,284 12,832 299,115 262,330 13,779 276,109 250,403 11,843 262,246 252,407 10,530 262,937 253,739 11,447 265,186 253,987 12,261 266,248 259,826 12,590 272,416 274,680 13,630 288,310 287,280 13,487 300,767 316,289 15,431 331,720 344,407 16,416 360,823 18,537 20,027 21,321 20,927 33,257 20,854 20,166 18,122 18,150 18,991 41,506 23,459 24,179 25,167 2,835 10,001 12,836 4,726 17,284 2,203 3,125 3,167 11,359 14,526 5,585 18,593 2,442 3,914 3,454 13,046 16,500 5,436 19,615 2,809 2,825 4,105 13,199 17,304 5,833 21,288 4,243 3,429 4,149 13,063 17,212 5,832 21,395 4,013 2,482 4,558 13,022 17,580 6,381 22,381 4,183 1,442 4,132 12,543 16,675 6,230 20,419 3,844 3,061 4,121 12,570 16,691 4,893 20,639 4,075 2,248 4,184 12,456 16,640 4,212 22,378 4,092 1,395 5,627 12,321 17,948 3,077 23,405 4,214 446 6,329 12,460 18,789 2,861 23,800 4,368 774 6,658 12,541 19,199 2,705 24,633 4,587 5,112 7,574 13,327 20,901 3,183 29,054 5,014 1,413 8,016 13,901 21,917 3,247 29,614 5,634 603 3,001 5,792 2,769 11,563 6,063 4,051 6,609 2,874 13,533 7,311 3,443 7,332 2,890 13,665 5,892 3,703 8,104 3,154 14,962 11,384 2,575 8,307 3,077 13,959 9,655 3,883 8,430 3,384 15,697 15,394 3,067 5,985 3,433 12,485 12,090 2,453 7,987 3,157 13,597 11,707 2,899 8,328 3,276 14,503 13,114 2,051 8,687 3,238 13,976 10,366 2,340 9,046 3,761 15,147 11,122 2,011 9,207 3,953 15,171 12,202 4,928 10,922 3,813 19,663 14,342 4,810 14,106 4,483 23,399 22,721 18,355 9,505 27,860 14,262 2,276 19,939 10,088 30,027 16,078 2,361 22,861 10,945 33,806 18,169 2,566 24,446 11,906 36,352 19,560 2,860 25,485 12,652 38,137 20,697 2,829 26,355 14,254 40,608 22,193 2,962 26,413 13,465 39,878 22,814 3,028 23,234 13,284 36,518 23,303 2,939 28,193 14,660 42,853 25,086 2,623 31,350 15,382 46,732 26,386 2,723 30,511 16,172 46,683 30,209 2,803 31,104 13,307 44,411 33,823 2,998 42,168 19,169 61,337 38,891 3,323 51,550 19,764 71,314 45,787 3,805 9,012 7,702 16,714 2,121 12,363 10,055 9,025 .......... 171,013 471,081 10,788 8,327 19,115 2,223 13,037 12,555 11,431 .......... 192,758 496,704 19,603 10,155 29,758 2,399 14,124 12,906 12,079 .......... 213,872 546,099 19,702 10,900 30,602 2,540 15,298 14,499 11,197 .......... 232,277 531,392 21,122 11,036 32,158 2,640 16,235 14,852 11,836 .......... 247,189 523,297 21,100 12,098 33,198 2,828 17,193 15,454 11,999 .......... 250,346 512,592 15,314 12,200 27,514 2,325 17,618 18,650 11,688 .......... 238,485 501,422 16,410 11,347 27,757 3,135 17,801 21,056 11,292 .......... 235,773 500,959 11,661 11,026 22,687 3,451 18,908 23,395 11,473 .......... 244,960 511,208 17,449 12,312 29,761 3,195 18,943 25,385 11,672 .......... 257,220 529,636 20,377 12,377 32,754 3,144 19,261 27,137 13,171 .......... 293,529 581,839 18,077 13,489 31,566 3,195 20,904 27,710 11,906 .......... 283,581 584,348 25,100 14,626 39,726 3,430 22,459 31,078 14,107 .......... 332,100 663,820 26,945 15,748 42,692 3,504 24,043 35,434 15,075 .......... 373,956 734,780 119 Table 5.6 - BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total National defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total Nondefense Total discretionary budget authority Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 437,495 17,487 454,982 467,598 18,059 485,657 478,911 20,908 499,819 534,490 22,004 556,494 600,906 21,448 622,354 665,962 19,934 685,896 666,355 28,421 694,776 690,469 23,589 714,058 687,025 23,111 710,136 645,500 24,089 669,589 577,469 22,902 600,371 581,456 24,734 606,190 560,442 25,444 585,886 580,290 26,555 606,845 33,483 49,333 34,727 35,882 39,108 43,219 53,433 57,028 50,360 54,341 51,886 50,902 54,180 55,027 8,561 14,386 22,947 3,243 30,139 6,180 -299 9,045 14,321 23,366 3,586 31,134 5,838 -13 9,002 15,243 24,245 3,831 31,885 5,916 2,620 9,156 15,765 24,921 3,787 38,031 6,147 1,863 9,692 15,580 25,272 4,135 32,849 8,715 1,832 10,109 16,580 26,689 5,010 37,024 6,597 3,200 15,880 18,134 34,014 42,773 55,562 6,509 15,714 11,769 18,228 29,997 3,719 36,773 7,329 7,050 11,635 17,913 29,548 4,639 33,104 5,805 -5,661 11,898 17,200 29,098 4,709 34,815 5,883 -2,050 11,498 16,350 27,848 4,117 38,969 5,552 -15,065 12,235 17,081 29,316 5,032 34,586 5,981 -6,340 12,408 17,368 29,776 4,490 34,610 6,946 -10,055 12,814 18,651 31,465 5,599 37,168 6,192 -5,693 2,958 17,790 5,836 26,584 16,402 2,894 14,890 5,770 23,554 17,435 4,450 15,194 5,823 25,467 82,402 6,673 15,645 6,485 28,803 14,048 4,188 15,833 7,328 27,349 17,866 4,681 16,314 7,759 28,754 37,773 50,976 19,556 8,662 79,194 23,398 8,584 18,522 8,950 36,056 21,458 3,825 18,346 9,208 31,379 14,915 6,295 18,598 8,881 33,774 18,548 16,819 17,316 8,772 42,907 44,593 4,629 18,139 8,587 31,355 16,808 4,727 17,782 8,566 31,075 17,489 4,854 18,306 9,367 32,527 18,502 55,309 19,809 75,118 49,395 3,795 57,965 20,214 78,179 51,713 5,350 59,594 20,622 80,216 54,516 4,000 60,898 20,057 80,955 56,489 4,912 60,253 20,221 80,474 52,434 4,869 59,824 20,205 80,029 53,403 4,939 157,576 30,331 187,907 83,148 5,680 67,163 22,318 89,481 58,537 6,246 71,143 20,655 91,798 54,593 6,003 70,195 21,425 91,620 56,153 6,312 68,396 20,271 88,667 53,249 5,983 70,106 21,624 91,730 56,455 6,200 69,975 21,729 91,704 59,378 6,553 71,536 22,679 94,215 60,603 6,605 28,771 15,484 44,256 3,797 26,614 35,741 17,071 .......... 394,466 849,448 29,576 15,634 45,210 4,133 29,231 37,882 16,866 .......... 422,798 908,454 29,108 16,666 45,774 4,436 32,324 39,417 15,908 .......... 487,684 987,504 31,170 16,526 47,696 4,633 34,205 41,118 16,710 .......... 440,200 996,694 34,329 16,560 50,888 4,683 38,270 44,551 16,629 .......... 449,924 1,072,278 35,040 18,194 53,234 5,015 43,778 47,737 17,351 .......... 493,752 1,179,648 48,570 26,324 74,894 6,387 49,381 54,731 24,529 .......... 797,254 1,492,030 42,271 23,409 65,680 5,764 53,274 52,975 18,838 .......... 550,205 1,264,263 41,647 21,883 63,530 5,638 56,633 51,063 17,232 .......... 510,579 1,220,715 39,769 22,104 61,873 5,815 58,865 51,424 16,867 .......... 528,047 1,197,636 39,177 20,743 59,920 5,385 61,610 48,862 15,367 .......... 539,850 1,140,221 42,556 23,106 65,662 4,871 63,547 52,213 19,189 .......... 527,507 1,133,697 42,483 22,661 65,144 5,422 65,309 52,021 16,740 .......... 530,782 1,116,668 44,383 22,939 67,322 5,674 71,128 55,170 18,359 .......... 559,863 1,166,708 120 Table 5.6 - BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total National defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total Nondefense Total discretionary budget authority Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate 2017 2018 605,941 28,113 634,054 670,710 30,219 700,929 684,991 31,009 716,000 718,349 31,651 750,000 713,465 32,535 746,000 726,996 33,004 760,000 741,549 36,451 778,000 746,720 37,280 784,000 59,547 56,154 55,875 42,689 42,727 42,712 42,700 42,689 12,884 19,182 32,066 4,930 38,200 6,358 -8,643 14,088 20,129 34,217 6,586 59,027 8,867 -1,973 14,281 20,052 34,333 6,707 39,845 6,542 -1,431 12,540 20,353 32,893 -1,851 33,059 6,587 2,629 12,540 20,353 32,893 3,606 33,384 5,142 -1,283 12,540 20,353 32,893 3,610 33,381 5,142 -1,793 12,540 20,353 32,893 3,620 33,376 5,142 -1,914 12,540 20,353 32,893 3,633 33,377 5,142 -1,978 7,031 18,463 8,891 34,385 35,532 13,044 20,213 11,871 45,128 94,338 11,345 19,975 11,078 42,398 23,036 6,702 18,268 9,835 34,805 27,457 6,966 17,026 9,849 33,841 15,686 6,966 16,622 9,864 33,452 15,686 6,966 16,553 9,879 33,398 15,686 6,966 16,484 9,896 33,346 15,686 70,259 23,096 93,355 62,664 6,551 76,926 25,014 101,940 69,201 7,346 74,061 24,254 98,315 71,081 7,443 64,617 20,779 85,396 44,649 7,053 66,528 20,726 87,254 65,094 7,081 66,498 20,726 87,224 65,184 7,106 66,498 20,726 87,224 65,789 7,132 66,498 20,726 87,224 65,129 7,159 45,434 22,369 67,803 5,720 74,602 56,185 16,679 .......... 585,934 1,219,988 49,688 24,562 74,250 6,028 81,956 61,081 17,754 .......... 721,900 1,422,829 49,689 24,339 74,028 6,075 86,919 52,497 18,067 -998 620,732 1,336,732 44,219 19,750 63,969 5,593 93,311 66,102 19,485 -1,052 562,774 1,312,774 44,266 20,761 65,027 5,596 105,195 69,138 19,917 -51,993 538,305 1,284,305 44,266 20,827 65,093 5,613 105,177 70,521 20,511 -64,896 526,616 1,286,616 44,266 21,025 65,291 5,601 105,058 72,252 21,113 -77,849 516,512 1,294,512 44,266 21,267 65,533 5,596 104,946 73,770 21,733 -90,349 505,529 1,289,529 121 Table 6.1 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940 - 2024 Category 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 In millions of current dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense As percentages of GDP: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense Addendum: GDP ($ billlions) As percentages of outlays: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense (1) Includes a small amount of grants to State and local governments and direct payments for individuals. (2) Includes some off-budget amounts; most of the off-budget amounts are direct payments for individuals (social security benefits). 9,468 1,660 13,653 6,435 35,137 25,658 78,555 66,699 91,304 79,143 92,712 82,965 55,232 42,681 34,496 12,808 29,764 9,105 38,835 13,150 2,071 1,774 298 574 899 4,581 -317 7,808 2,460 2,104 356 491 943 3,871 -547 7,218 2,456 2,046 410 482 1,052 6,383 -894 9,479 2,414 1,984 430 484 1,529 8,650 -1,221 11,856 2,331 1,822 509 401 2,219 8,530 -1,320 12,161 2,387 1,894 493 366 3,112 5,271 -1,389 9,747 5,828 5,309 518 300 4,111 3,780 -1,468 12,551 9,691 8,560 1,131 473 4,204 8,872 -1,552 21,688 8,982 8,101 881 731 4,341 8,249 -1,643 20,659 9,903 8,851 1,052 824 4,523 12,213 -1,779 25,685 145.0 27.0 188.6 85.1 426.9 277.4 861.3 671.7 1,090.8 910.7 1,175.1 1,050.2 696.5 566.1 384.6 157.5 319.4 119.3 433.4 173.3 28.0 23.9 4.0 12.4 11.7 73.1 -7.2 117.9 32.1 27.4 4.6 11.7 11.8 60.4 -12.5 103.6 29.3 24.4 4.9 11.7 12.2 115.4 -19.0 149.7 26.0 21.4 4.6 11.0 16.7 159.6 -23.7 189.7 23.4 18.3 5.1 8.7 23.4 147.6 -23.2 179.9 22.8 18.0 4.7 7.8 32.0 85.8 -23.2 125.3 52.7 48.0 4.7 5.8 39.3 56.7 -23.6 131.0 81.5 72.0 9.5 3.8 36.3 129.0 -23.5 227.1 69.1 62.4 6.8 10.4 34.2 109.0 -23.0 199.8 74.3 66.4 7.9 11.2 34.5 165.7 -25.6 260.0 9.6 1.7 11.7 5.5 23.8 17.4 42.6 36.1 42.7 37.0 41.0 36.6 24.2 18.7 14.4 5.4 11.4 3.5 14.0 4.8 2.1 1.8 0.3 0.6 0.9 4.7 -0.3 8.0 98.2 2.1 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.8 3.3 -0.5 6.2 116.2 1.7 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.7 4.3 -0.6 6.4 147.7 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 4.7 -0.7 6.4 184.6 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.2 1.0 4.0 -0.6 5.7 213.8 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.2 1.4 2.3 -0.6 4.3 226.4 2.6 2.3 0.2 0.1 1.8 1.7 -0.6 5.5 228.0 4.1 3.6 0.5 0.2 1.8 3.7 -0.6 9.1 238.9 3.4 3.1 0.3 0.3 1.7 3.1 -0.6 7.9 261.9 3.6 3.2 0.4 0.3 1.6 4.4 -0.6 9.3 276.5 100.0 17.5 100.0 47.1 100.0 73.0 100.0 84.9 100.0 86.7 100.0 89.5 100.0 77.3 100.0 37.1 100.0 30.6 100.0 33.9 21.9 18.7 3.1 6.1 9.5 48.4 -3.4 82.5 18.0 15.4 2.6 3.6 6.9 28.4 -4.0 52.9 7.0 5.8 1.2 1.4 3.0 18.2 -2.5 27.0 3.1 2.5 0.5 0.6 1.9 11.0 -1.6 15.1 2.6 2.0 0.6 0.4 2.4 9.3 -1.4 13.3 2.6 2.0 0.5 0.4 3.4 5.7 -1.5 10.5 10.6 9.6 0.9 0.5 7.4 6.8 -2.7 22.7 28.1 24.8 3.3 1.4 12.2 25.7 -4.5 62.9 30.2 27.2 3.0 2.5 14.6 27.7 -5.5 69.4 25.5 22.8 2.7 2.1 11.6 31.4 -4.6 66.1 122 Table 6.1 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940 - 2024 Category 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 In millions of current dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense As percentages of GDP: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense Addendum: GDP ($ billlions) As percentages of outlays: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense (1) Includes a small amount of grants to State and local governments and direct payments for individuals. (2) Includes some off-budget amounts; most of the off-budget amounts are direct payments for individuals (social security benefits). 42,562 13,724 45,514 23,566 67,686 46,089 76,101 52,802 70,855 49,266 68,444 42,729 70,640 42,523 76,578 45,430 82,405 46,815 92,098 49,015 13,508 12,192 1,316 937 4,812 11,397 -1,817 28,838 10,411 8,979 1,432 855 4,665 8,349 -2,332 21,948 11,098 9,648 1,450 982 4,701 8,192 -3,377 21,597 11,054 9,454 1,600 1,222 5,156 9,438 -3,571 23,299 12,259 10,557 1,702 1,340 4,811 6,576 -3,397 21,589 14,163 12,465 1,698 1,499 4,850 8,696 -3,493 25,715 15,216 13,485 1,731 1,820 5,079 9,590 -3,589 28,117 17,091 15,215 1,876 2,089 5,354 10,761 -4,146 31,148 20,959 18,728 2,232 2,659 5,604 10,753 -4,385 35,590 22,844 20,332 2,512 3,940 5,762 15,150 -4,613 43,083 451.8 178.9 480.6 289.9 717.0 545.4 749.8 565.9 676.7 519.1 633.2 436.0 625.1 409.3 645.7 415.6 656.1 409.2 704.1 400.8 102.6 92.6 10.0 13.4 37.2 144.6 -24.9 273.1 74.9 64.6 10.3 10.2 34.2 103.7 -32.3 190.7 76.8 66.7 10.1 11.7 33.2 93.4 -43.5 171.5 75.3 64.4 10.9 13.9 35.7 102.4 -43.5 183.7 82.5 71.0 11.5 15.9 32.9 66.6 -40.0 158.0 95.4 83.9 11.4 17.5 32.9 91.2 -40.0 196.9 101.2 89.7 11.5 20.9 33.6 100.8 -40.6 216.0 110.6 98.5 12.2 22.0 34.2 109.4 -45.9 230.2 131.7 117.7 14.0 25.3 34.7 100.6 -45.3 247.0 141.6 126.1 15.6 35.0 35.2 137.0 -45.5 303.4 15.3 4.9 13.9 7.2 19.0 12.9 19.9 13.8 18.3 12.7 16.8 10.5 16.1 9.7 16.5 9.8 17.4 9.9 18.3 9.7 4.8 4.4 0.5 0.3 1.7 4.1 -0.7 10.3 278.7 3.2 2.7 0.4 0.3 1.4 2.6 -0.7 6.7 327.1 3.1 2.7 0.4 0.3 1.3 2.3 -0.9 6.0 357.1 2.9 2.5 0.4 0.3 1.3 2.5 -0.9 6.1 382.1 3.2 2.7 0.4 0.3 1.2 1.7 -0.9 5.6 387.1 3.5 3.1 0.4 0.4 1.2 2.1 -0.9 6.3 406.3 3.5 3.1 0.4 0.4 1.2 2.2 -0.8 6.4 438.2 3.7 3.3 0.4 0.5 1.2 2.3 -0.9 6.7 463.4 4.4 4.0 0.5 0.6 1.2 2.3 -0.9 7.5 473.5 4.5 4.0 0.5 0.8 1.1 3.0 -0.9 8.5 504.6 100.0 32.2 100.0 51.8 100.0 68.1 100.0 69.4 100.0 69.5 100.0 62.4 100.0 60.2 100.0 59.3 100.0 56.8 100.0 53.2 31.7 28.6 3.1 2.2 11.3 26.8 -4.3 67.8 22.9 19.7 3.1 1.9 10.2 18.3 -5.1 48.2 16.4 14.3 2.1 1.5 6.9 12.1 -5.0 31.9 14.5 12.4 2.1 1.6 6.8 12.4 -4.7 30.6 17.3 14.9 2.4 1.9 6.8 9.3 -4.8 30.5 20.7 18.2 2.5 2.2 7.1 12.7 -5.1 37.6 21.5 19.1 2.5 2.6 7.2 13.6 -5.1 39.8 22.3 19.9 2.4 2.7 7.0 14.1 -5.4 40.7 25.4 22.7 2.7 3.2 6.8 13.0 -5.3 43.2 24.8 22.1 2.7 4.3 6.3 16.5 -5.0 46.8 123 Table 6.1 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940 - 2024 Category 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 In millions of current dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense As percentages of GDP: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense Addendum: GDP ($ billlions) As percentages of outlays: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense (1) Includes a small amount of grants to State and local governments and direct payments for individuals. (2) Includes some off-budget amounts; most of the off-budget amounts are direct payments for individuals (social security benefits). 92,191 48,130 97,723 49,601 106,821 52,345 111,316 53,400 118,528 54,757 118,228 50,620 134,532 58,111 157,464 71,417 178,134 81,926 183,640 82,497 24,258 21,632 2,625 4,389 6,947 13,287 -4,820 44,061 27,638 24,862 2,775 4,339 6,716 14,236 -4,807 48,122 29,426 26,311 3,114 4,795 6,889 18,641 -5,274 54,477 31,592 28,128 3,464 5,097 7,740 19,283 -5,797 57,915 32,821 29,072 3,748 6,381 8,199 22,078 -5,708 63,771 33,441 29,527 3,914 6,962 8,591 24,522 -5,908 67,608 37,629 33,126 4,503 8,359 9,386 27,590 -6,542 76,421 43,845 38,817 5,028 10,178 10,268 29,050 -7,294 86,047 50,498 44,152 6,346 12,177 11,090 30,488 -8,045 96,208 57,842 50,318 7,524 12,605 12,699 25,982 -7,986 101,143 694.2 397.8 719.6 402.3 786.0 424.2 785.0 414.0 822.5 419.0 809.2 388.5 896.3 425.7 1,026.5 506.9 1,120.3 555.1 1,086.0 528.8 147.6 131.6 16.0 38.8 41.8 116.3 -47.9 296.5 165.9 149.2 16.7 39.1 39.9 118.1 -45.5 317.4 175.0 156.4 18.5 43.0 40.5 152.3 -48.9 362.0 185.6 165.3 20.4 44.1 45.0 148.1 -52.1 370.8 190.2 168.4 21.7 54.3 47.1 161.6 -49.7 403.6 191.1 168.7 22.4 57.7 48.5 172.3 -48.7 421.0 211.3 186.0 25.3 71.2 51.9 188.5 -52.1 470.6 239.7 212.2 27.5 85.6 55.1 195.8 -56.7 519.6 267.8 234.1 33.7 98.9 57.5 201.1 -60.3 564.9 294.2 255.9 38.3 96.6 62.9 159.2 -56.0 557.0 17.3 9.0 17.9 9.1 18.2 8.9 18.0 8.6 17.9 8.3 16.7 7.1 17.2 7.4 18.8 8.5 19.8 9.1 18.7 8.4 4.5 4.0 0.5 0.8 1.3 2.5 -0.9 8.2 534.3 5.1 4.5 0.5 0.8 1.2 2.6 -0.9 8.8 546.6 5.0 4.5 0.5 0.8 1.2 3.2 -0.9 9.3 585.7 5.1 4.5 0.6 0.8 1.3 3.1 -0.9 9.4 618.2 5.0 4.4 0.6 1.0 1.2 3.3 -0.9 9.6 661.7 4.7 4.2 0.6 1.0 1.2 3.5 -0.8 9.5 709.3 4.8 4.2 0.6 1.1 1.2 3.5 -0.8 9.8 780.5 5.2 4.6 0.6 1.2 1.2 3.5 -0.9 10.3 836.5 5.6 4.9 0.7 1.4 1.2 3.4 -0.9 10.7 897.6 5.9 5.1 0.8 1.3 1.3 2.7 -0.8 10.3 980.3 100.0 52.2 100.0 50.8 100.0 49.0 100.0 48.0 100.0 46.2 100.0 42.8 100.0 43.2 100.0 45.4 100.0 46.0 100.0 44.9 26.3 23.5 2.8 4.8 7.5 14.4 -5.2 47.8 28.3 25.4 2.8 4.4 6.9 14.6 -4.9 49.2 27.5 24.6 2.9 4.5 6.4 17.5 -4.9 51.0 28.4 25.3 3.1 4.6 7.0 17.3 -5.2 52.0 27.7 24.5 3.2 5.4 6.9 18.6 -4.8 53.8 28.3 25.0 3.3 5.9 7.3 20.7 -5.0 57.2 28.0 24.6 3.3 6.2 7.0 20.5 -4.9 56.8 27.8 24.7 3.2 6.5 6.5 18.4 -4.6 54.6 28.3 24.8 3.6 6.8 6.2 17.1 -4.5 54.0 31.5 27.4 4.1 6.9 6.9 14.1 -4.3 55.1 124 Table 6.1 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940 - 2024 Category 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 195,649 81,692 210,172 78,872 230,681 79,174 245,707 76,681 269,359 79,347 332,332 86,509 371,792 89,619 65,372 56,299 9,074 14,954 14,380 27,883 -8,632 113,958 80,925 70,083 10,841 17,223 14,841 28,418 -10,107 131,300 93,281 79,022 14,259 20,070 15,478 32,261 -9,583 151,507 104,887 90,726 14,161 27,629 17,349 32,571 -13,409 169,026 121,020 105,891 15,129 28,164 21,449 36,128 -16,749 190,012 154,717 137,568 17,149 32,569 23,244 48,896 -13,602 245,824 1,096.1 498.1 1,101.0 452.8 1,134.7 415.0 1,155.7 375.5 1,169.1 363.8 317.5 273.4 44.1 107.4 67.6 160.9 -55.9 597.6 376.2 325.8 50.4 115.5 66.4 149.8 -59.4 648.4 417.8 353.9 63.9 128.6 66.1 159.6 -52.3 719.7 452.7 391.6 61.1 173.3 71.0 152.3 -69.2 780.4 18.7 7.8 18.8 7.1 19.0 6.5 6.2 5.4 0.9 1.4 1.4 2.7 -0.8 10.9 1,046.7 7.2 6.3 1.0 1.5 1.3 2.5 -0.9 11.8 1,116.6 100.0 41.8 33.4 28.8 4.6 7.6 7.4 14.3 -4.4 58.2 TQ 1977 1978 95,975 22,269 409,218 97,241 458,746 104,495 181,795 161,231 20,563 38,441 26,727 49,596 -14,386 282,173 45,781 40,569 5,212 10,693 6,949 14,491 -4,206 73,707 198,048 174,700 23,348 44,971 29,901 53,936 -14,879 311,977 213,026 187,738 25,288 52,541 35,458 68,945 -15,720 354,251 1,314.6 364.1 1,372.4 354.9 345.7 86.5 1,408.2 356.8 1,485.6 359.0 483.3 422.9 60.4 161.5 82.0 159.8 -81.4 805.1 560.2 498.1 62.1 168.4 80.5 202.9 -61.5 950.6 618.0 548.0 69.9 184.3 86.6 189.0 -60.1 1,017.6 150.9 133.7 17.2 49.4 21.9 54.0 -17.1 259.2 626.0 552.1 73.8 201.0 90.3 191.4 -57.6 1,051.1 631.0 556.1 75.0 220.9 100.4 231.7 -57.2 1,126.8 18.2 5.7 18.2 5.4 20.7 5.4 20.8 5.0 20.3 4.7 20.2 4.8 20.2 4.6 7.7 6.5 1.2 1.7 1.3 2.7 -0.8 12.5 1,216.2 7.8 6.7 1.0 2.0 1.3 2.4 -1.0 12.5 1,352.7 8.2 7.1 1.0 1.9 1.4 2.4 -1.1 12.8 1,482.8 9.6 8.6 1.1 2.0 1.4 3.0 -0.8 15.3 1,606.9 10.2 9.0 1.2 2.2 1.5 2.8 -0.8 15.8 1,786.1 9.7 8.6 1.1 2.3 1.5 3.1 -0.9 15.6 471.6 9.8 8.6 1.2 2.2 1.5 2.7 -0.7 15.4 2,024.3 9.4 8.3 1.1 2.3 1.6 3.0 -0.7 15.6 2,273.4 100.0 37.5 100.0 34.3 100.0 31.2 100.0 29.5 100.0 26.0 100.0 24.1 100.0 23.2 100.0 23.8 100.0 22.8 38.5 33.3 5.2 8.2 7.1 13.5 -4.8 62.5 40.4 34.3 6.2 8.7 6.7 14.0 -4.2 65.7 42.7 36.9 5.8 11.2 7.1 13.3 -5.5 68.8 44.9 39.3 5.6 10.5 8.0 13.4 -6.2 70.5 46.6 41.4 5.2 9.8 7.0 14.7 -4.1 74.0 48.9 43.4 5.5 10.3 7.2 13.3 -3.9 75.9 47.7 42.3 5.4 11.1 7.2 15.1 -4.4 76.8 48.4 42.7 5.7 11.0 7.3 13.2 -3.6 76.2 46.4 40.9 5.5 11.5 7.7 15.0 -3.4 77.2 In millions of current dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense As percentages of GDP: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense Addendum: GDP ($ billlions) As percentages of outlays: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense (1) Includes a small amount of grants to State and local governments and direct payments for individuals. (2) Includes some off-budget amounts; most of the off-budget amounts are direct payments for individuals (social security benefits). 125 Table 6.1 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940 - 2024 Category 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 504,028 116,342 590,941 133,995 678,241 157,513 745,743 185,309 808,364 209,903 851,805 227,411 946,344 252,743 990,382 273,373 1,004,017 281,996 1,064,416 290,360 236,125 208,059 28,066 55,191 42,633 71,213 -17,476 387,686 280,404 247,320 33,084 58,208 52,533 85,743 -19,942 456,946 328,516 289,497 39,019 55,610 68,766 95,877 -28,041 520,728 361,384 321,718 39,666 48,400 85,032 91,717 -26,099 560,434 401,567 358,076 43,491 48,871 89,808 92,192 -33,976 598,462 413,337 366,793 46,544 50,913 111,102 81,000 -31,957 624,394 452,028 401,304 50,723 54,972 129,478 89,823 -32,698 693,602 458,280 403,205 55,075 57,080 136,017 98,640 -33,007 717,009 479,078 420,493 58,585 49,622 138,611 91,166 -36,455 722,021 510,022 446,524 63,498 51,656 151,803 97,542 -36,967 774,057 1,501.9 369.5 1,592.4 384.5 1,645.4 407.5 1,680.0 440.2 1,735.8 475.2 1,745.5 489.5 1,870.6 523.6 1,917.5 553.9 1,889.4 563.1 1,936.4 565.6 645.9 569.1 76.8 212.5 111.7 221.9 -59.8 1,132.3 693.6 611.7 81.9 201.5 126.6 249.0 -62.9 1,207.9 740.6 652.6 88.0 172.2 150.8 255.5 -81.0 1,238.1 767.1 682.9 84.2 137.5 174.4 232.7 -71.8 1,239.9 815.2 726.9 88.3 132.0 176.5 227.4 -90.4 1,260.7 808.1 717.1 91.0 130.7 210.8 189.2 -82.8 1,256.1 853.9 758.0 95.9 135.4 237.7 201.2 -81.3 1,346.8 843.7 742.3 101.4 135.7 244.2 221.0 -81.1 1,363.7 859.9 754.7 105.2 112.2 243.4 199.9 -89.2 1,326.3 881.9 772.0 109.9 112.5 258.3 205.9 -87.7 1,371.0 19.6 4.5 21.2 4.8 21.6 5.0 22.5 5.6 22.9 5.9 21.6 5.8 22.2 5.9 21.9 6.0 21.1 5.9 20.7 5.7 9.2 8.1 1.1 2.2 1.7 2.8 -0.7 15.1 2,565.6 10.0 8.9 1.2 2.1 1.9 3.1 -0.7 16.4 2,791.9 10.5 9.2 1.2 1.8 2.2 3.1 -0.9 16.6 3,133.2 10.9 9.7 1.2 1.5 2.6 2.8 -0.8 16.9 3,313.3 11.4 10.1 1.2 1.4 2.5 2.6 -1.0 16.9 3,536.0 10.5 9.3 1.2 1.3 2.8 2.1 -0.8 15.8 3,949.2 10.6 9.4 1.2 1.3 3.0 2.1 -0.8 16.3 4,265.1 10.1 8.9 1.2 1.3 3.0 2.2 -0.7 15.8 4,526.2 10.0 8.8 1.2 1.0 2.9 1.9 -0.8 15.1 4,767.6 9.9 8.7 1.2 1.0 3.0 1.9 -0.7 15.1 5,138.6 100.0 23.1 100.0 22.7 100.0 23.2 100.0 24.8 100.0 26.0 100.0 26.7 100.0 26.7 100.0 27.6 100.0 28.1 100.0 27.3 46.8 41.3 5.6 11.0 8.5 14.1 -3.5 76.9 47.5 41.9 5.6 9.9 8.9 14.5 -3.4 77.3 48.4 42.7 5.8 8.2 10.1 14.1 -4.1 76.8 48.5 43.1 5.3 6.5 11.4 12.3 -3.5 75.2 49.7 44.3 5.4 6.0 11.1 11.4 -4.2 74.0 48.5 43.1 5.5 6.0 13.0 9.5 -3.8 73.3 47.8 42.4 5.4 5.8 13.7 9.5 -3.5 73.3 46.3 40.7 5.6 5.8 13.7 10.0 -3.3 72.4 47.7 41.9 5.8 4.9 13.8 9.1 -3.6 71.9 47.9 42.0 6.0 4.9 14.3 9.2 -3.5 72.7 In millions of current dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense As percentages of GDP: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense Addendum: GDP ($ billlions) As percentages of outlays: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense (1) Includes a small amount of grants to State and local governments and direct payments for individuals. (2) Includes some off-budget amounts; most of the off-budget amounts are direct payments for individuals (social security benefits). 126 Table 6.1 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940 - 2024 Category 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 In millions of current dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense As percentages of GDP: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense Addendum: GDP ($ billlions) As percentages of outlays: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense (1) Includes a small amount of grants to State and local governments and direct payments for individuals. (2) Includes some off-budget amounts; most of the off-budget amounts are direct payments for individuals (social security benefits). 1,143,743 303,555 1,252,993 299,321 1,324,226 273,285 1,381,529 298,346 1,409,386 291,084 1,461,752 281,640 1,515,742 272,063 1,560,484 265,748 1,601,116 270,502 1,652,458 268,194 545,753 476,898 68,855 52,820 168,981 109,846 -37,212 840,188 592,381 513,503 78,878 56,206 184,347 157,355 -36,615 953,673 659,399 564,614 94,786 59,548 194,448 176,901 -39,356 1,050,940 738,524 623,665 114,860 62,887 199,344 121,707 -39,280 1,083,183 795,321 668,018 127,303 66,157 198,713 95,496 -37,386 1,118,301 834,816 695,641 139,176 71,251 202,932 108,884 -37,772 1,180,113 888,403 738,141 150,262 74,661 232,134 92,936 -44,455 1,243,679 920,414 767,691 152,723 75,050 241,053 95,839 -37,620 1,294,736 964,085 808,002 156,083 78,077 243,984 94,441 -49,973 1,330,614 992,445 825,229 167,216 78,900 241,118 118,995 -47,194 1,384,264 2,001.7 569.3 2,130.9 542.7 2,155.7 472.2 2,161.0 507.4 2,141.3 490.1 2,182.4 469.8 2,197.7 445.2 2,216.0 425.7 2,226.9 426.7 2,279.3 415.2 903.6 789.4 114.2 110.5 276.3 228.0 -86.1 1,432.3 942.4 816.6 125.7 112.1 290.8 325.5 -82.4 1,588.4 1,009.0 863.6 145.4 114.0 296.1 348.0 -83.6 1,683.4 1,101.2 929.5 171.7 116.9 296.2 220.0 -80.6 1,653.7 1,156.1 970.4 185.7 119.3 288.5 160.2 -72.9 1,651.1 1,188.7 989.7 199.0 125.2 288.3 180.8 -70.5 1,712.5 1,238.3 1,027.9 210.4 126.9 322.9 144.6 -80.4 1,752.4 1,257.5 1,047.9 209.6 123.9 329.2 144.7 -64.9 1,790.3 1,291.0 1,081.1 209.9 126.5 327.4 139.5 -84.2 1,800.1 1,316.5 1,094.0 222.5 126.2 319.5 179.5 -77.9 1,864.1 20.6 5.5 21.2 5.1 21.7 4.5 21.5 4.6 20.8 4.3 20.4 3.9 20.0 3.6 19.6 3.3 18.9 3.2 18.5 3.0 9.8 8.6 1.2 1.0 3.0 2.0 -0.7 15.1 5,554.7 10.0 8.7 1.3 1.0 3.1 2.7 -0.6 16.2 5,898.8 10.8 9.3 1.6 1.0 3.2 2.9 -0.6 17.2 6,093.2 11.5 9.7 1.8 1.0 3.1 1.9 -0.6 16.9 6,416.2 11.7 9.9 1.9 1.0 2.9 1.4 -0.6 16.5 6,775.3 11.6 9.7 1.9 1.0 2.8 1.5 -0.5 16.4 7,176.9 11.8 9.8 2.0 1.0 3.1 1.2 -0.6 16.4 7,560.4 11.6 9.7 1.9 0.9 3.0 1.2 -0.5 16.3 7,951.3 11.4 9.6 1.8 0.9 2.9 1.1 -0.6 15.7 8,451.0 11.1 9.2 1.9 0.9 2.7 1.3 -0.5 15.5 8,930.8 100.0 26.5 100.0 23.9 100.0 20.6 100.0 21.6 100.0 20.7 100.0 19.3 100.0 17.9 100.0 17.0 100.0 16.9 100.0 16.2 47.7 41.7 6.0 4.6 14.8 9.6 -3.3 73.5 47.3 41.0 6.3 4.5 14.7 12.6 -2.9 76.1 49.8 42.6 7.2 4.5 14.7 13.4 -3.0 79.4 53.5 45.1 8.3 4.6 14.4 8.8 -2.8 78.4 56.4 47.4 9.0 4.7 14.1 6.8 -2.7 79.3 57.1 47.6 9.5 4.9 13.9 7.4 -2.6 80.7 58.6 48.7 9.9 4.9 15.3 6.1 -2.9 82.1 59.0 49.2 9.8 4.8 15.4 6.1 -2.4 83.0 60.2 50.5 9.7 4.9 15.2 5.9 -3.1 83.1 60.1 49.9 10.1 4.8 14.6 7.2 -2.9 83.8 127 Table 6.1 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940 - 2024 Category 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 In millions of current dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense As percentages of GDP: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense Addendum: GDP ($ billlions) As percentages of outlays: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense (1) Includes a small amount of grants to State and local governments and direct payments for individuals. (2) Includes some off-budget amounts; most of the off-budget amounts are direct payments for individuals (social security benefits). 1,701,842 274,769 1,788,950 294,363 1,862,846 304,732 2,010,894 348,456 2,159,899 404,733 2,292,841 455,813 2,471,957 495,294 2,655,050 521,820 2,728,686 551,258 2,982,544 616,066 1,013,371 833,929 179,442 88,443 229,755 135,949 -40,445 1,427,073 1,067,361 876,629 190,732 95,140 222,949 151,718 -42,581 1,494,587 1,141,399 929,273 212,126 106,369 206,167 151,190 -47,011 1,558,114 1,257,934 1,021,829 236,105 116,699 170,949 164,248 -47,392 1,662,438 1,365,932 1,110,460 255,472 133,070 153,073 157,473 -54,382 1,755,166 1,420,103 1,149,043 271,060 136,452 160,245 178,765 -58,537 1,837,028 1,511,901 1,228,961 282,940 145,076 183,986 200,924 -65,224 1,976,663 1,611,667 1,329,885 281,782 152,315 226,603 210,895 -68,250 2,133,230 1,701,188 1,407,719 293,469 150,328 237,109 171,041 -82,238 2,177,428 1,841,304 1,531,316 309,988 151,328 252,757 207,331 -86,242 2,366,478 2,318.9 417.0 2,377.3 431.6 2,412.4 432.0 2,564.6 478.4 2,678.4 521.9 2,771.1 566.4 2,888.5 587.5 2,998.7 593.5 2,998.9 607.0 3,168.2 653.2 1,328.5 1,092.7 235.9 138.1 300.6 199.4 -64.8 1,901.7 1,367.2 1,122.2 245.0 143.2 285.8 214.4 -64.8 1,945.8 1,430.3 1,163.8 266.5 155.1 258.2 207.1 -70.0 1,980.6 1,558.1 1,265.0 293.2 166.8 210.7 217.2 -66.8 2,086.1 1,659.2 1,348.1 311.1 184.9 185.3 199.7 -72.7 2,156.5 1,687.6 1,364.8 322.7 182.8 189.5 219.5 -74.7 2,204.8 1,747.6 1,420.1 327.5 183.6 211.1 238.1 -79.5 2,300.9 1,808.0 1,491.6 316.4 183.4 251.9 242.1 -80.3 2,405.0 1,867.7 1,545.4 322.3 171.7 256.6 189.4 -93.3 2,392.0 1,953.1 1,624.2 328.9 164.7 268.0 224.0 -94.8 2,515.1 18.0 2.9 17.7 2.9 17.7 2.9 18.6 3.2 19.1 3.6 19.1 3.8 19.3 3.9 19.5 3.8 19.1 3.9 20.2 4.2 10.7 8.8 1.9 0.9 2.4 1.4 -0.4 15.1 9,479.4 10.5 8.7 1.9 0.9 2.2 1.5 -0.4 14.8 10,117.5 10.8 8.8 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 -0.4 14.8 10,526.5 11.6 9.4 2.2 1.1 1.6 1.5 -0.4 15.3 10,833.6 12.1 9.8 2.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 -0.5 15.6 11,283.8 11.8 9.6 2.3 1.1 1.3 1.5 -0.5 15.3 12,025.5 11.8 9.6 2.2 1.1 1.4 1.6 -0.5 15.4 12,834.2 11.8 9.8 2.1 1.1 1.7 1.5 -0.5 15.6 13,638.4 11.9 9.9 2.1 1.1 1.7 1.2 -0.6 15.2 14,290.8 12.5 10.4 2.1 1.0 1.7 1.4 -0.6 16.1 14,743.3 100.0 16.1 100.0 16.5 100.0 16.4 100.0 17.3 100.0 18.7 100.0 19.9 100.0 20.0 100.0 19.7 100.0 20.2 100.0 20.7 59.5 49.0 10.5 5.2 13.5 8.0 -2.4 83.9 59.7 49.0 10.7 5.3 12.5 8.5 -2.4 83.5 61.3 49.9 11.4 5.7 11.1 8.1 -2.5 83.6 62.6 50.8 11.7 5.8 8.5 8.2 -2.4 82.7 63.2 51.4 11.8 6.2 7.1 7.3 -2.5 81.3 61.9 50.1 11.8 6.0 7.0 7.8 -2.6 80.1 61.2 49.7 11.4 5.9 7.4 8.1 -2.6 80.0 60.7 50.1 10.6 5.7 8.5 7.9 -2.6 80.3 62.3 51.6 10.8 5.5 8.7 6.3 -3.0 79.8 61.7 51.3 10.4 5.1 8.5 7.0 -2.9 79.3 128 Table 6.1 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940 - 2024 Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 In millions of current dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense As percentages of GDP: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense Addendum: GDP ($ billlions) As percentages of outlays: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense (1) Includes a small amount of grants to State and local governments and direct payments for individuals. (2) Includes some off-budget amounts; most of the off-budget amounts are direct payments for individuals (social security benefits). 3,517,677 661,012 3,457,079 693,485 3,603,065 705,554 3,526,563 677,852 3,454,881 633,446 3,506,284 603,457 3,691,847 589,659 3,852,612 593,372 3,981,628 598,722 4,109,042 631,161 2,111,962 1,745,901 366,061 171,930 186,902 478,510 -92,639 2,856,665 2,305,906 1,906,693 399,213 209,177 196,194 134,433 -82,116 2,763,594 2,366,734 1,966,473 400,261 206,509 229,962 182,773 -88,467 2,897,511 2,315,592 1,947,808 367,784 176,789 220,408 239,458 -103,536 2,848,711 2,404,994 2,023,537 381,457 164,721 220,885 123,620 -92,785 2,821,435 2,507,700 2,090,825 416,875 160,103 228,956 94,112 -88,044 2,902,827 2,653,822 2,186,330 467,492 156,865 223,181 184,123 -115,803 3,102,188 2,776,660 2,276,763 499,897 160,936 240,033 176,862 -95,251 3,259,240 2,871,674 2,360,015 511,659 163,053 262,551 175,454 -89,826 3,382,906 2,893,050 2,363,637 529,413 167,094 324,975 190,631 -97,869 3,477,881 3,737.0 702.3 3,608.3 723.7 3,674.7 715.3 3,526.6 677.9 3,406.5 629.0 3,403.5 589.9 3,564.2 574.1 3,693.8 575.8 3,753.8 572.5 3,779.5 591.0 2,242.0 1,853.4 388.6 184.4 195.9 512.2 -99.8 3,034.5 2,406.3 1,989.7 416.7 220.8 203.9 139.6 -86.0 2,884.5 2,417.3 2,008.4 408.9 212.0 234.3 185.2 -89.5 2,959.4 2,315.6 1,947.8 367.8 176.8 220.4 239.5 -103.5 2,848.7 2,369.9 1,994.0 375.9 160.5 216.9 122.1 -92.0 2,777.3 2,433.9 2,029.3 404.6 152.3 220.6 91.1 -84.4 2,813.6 2,563.7 2,112.2 451.6 147.8 212.4 175.3 -109.3 2,990.1 2,662.4 2,183.1 479.3 151.1 226.4 167.0 -88.9 3,118.0 2,707.3 2,225.0 482.3 150.0 243.2 162.2 -81.5 3,181.2 2,660.4 2,173.7 486.7 148.4 294.6 172.0 -86.9 3,188.4 24.4 4.6 23.3 4.7 23.4 4.6 22.0 4.2 20.8 3.8 20.2 3.5 20.4 3.3 20.8 3.2 20.7 3.1 20.3 3.1 14.6 12.1 2.5 1.2 1.3 3.3 -0.6 19.8 14,431.8 15.5 12.8 2.7 1.4 1.3 0.9 -0.6 18.6 14,838.8 15.4 12.8 2.6 1.3 1.5 1.2 -0.6 18.8 15,403.7 14.4 12.1 2.3 1.1 1.4 1.5 -0.6 17.7 16,056.5 14.5 12.2 2.3 1.0 1.3 0.7 -0.6 17.0 16,603.8 14.5 12.1 2.4 0.9 1.3 0.5 -0.5 16.7 17,332.9 14.7 12.1 2.6 0.9 1.2 1.0 -0.6 17.1 18,090.3 15.0 12.3 2.7 0.9 1.3 1.0 -0.5 17.6 18,551.0 14.9 12.2 2.7 0.8 1.4 0.9 -0.5 17.6 19,272.2 14.3 11.7 2.6 0.8 1.6 0.9 -0.5 17.2 20,235.9 100.0 18.8 100.0 20.1 100.0 19.6 100.0 19.2 100.0 18.3 100.0 17.2 100.0 16.0 100.0 15.4 100.0 15.0 100.0 15.4 60.0 49.6 10.4 4.9 5.3 13.6 -2.6 81.2 66.7 55.2 11.5 6.1 5.7 3.9 -2.4 79.9 65.7 54.6 11.1 5.7 6.4 5.1 -2.5 80.4 65.7 55.2 10.4 5.0 6.2 6.8 -2.9 80.8 69.6 58.6 11.0 4.8 6.4 3.6 -2.7 81.7 71.5 59.6 11.9 4.6 6.5 2.7 -2.5 82.8 71.9 59.2 12.7 4.2 6.0 5.0 -3.1 84.0 72.1 59.1 13.0 4.2 6.2 4.6 -2.5 84.6 72.1 59.3 12.9 4.1 6.6 4.4 -2.3 85.0 70.4 57.5 12.9 4.1 7.9 4.6 -2.4 84.6 129 Table 6.1 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940 - 2024 Category In millions of current dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense As percentages of GDP: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense Addendum: GDP ($ billlions) As percentages of outlays: Total outlays National defense (1) Nondefense: Payments for individuals Direct payments (2) Grants to State and local governments All other grants Net interest (2) All other (2) Undistributed offsetting receipts (2) Total nondefense (1) Includes a small amount of grants to State and local governments and direct payments for individuals. (2) Includes some off-budget amounts; most of the off-budget amounts are direct payments for individuals (social security benefits). 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate 4,529,188 684,568 4,745,573 737,886 4,945,201 762,379 5,177,477 770,030 5,330,085 777,528 5,452,986 784,944 3,150,845 2,582,378 568,467 181,087 393,498 216,131 -96,941 3,844,620 3,223,943 2,661,658 562,285 188,437 478,812 226,869 -110,374 4,007,687 3,386,832 2,876,127 510,705 195,761 547,504 154,550 -101,825 4,182,822 3,575,385 3,073,986 501,399 194,999 609,883 130,714 -103,534 4,407,447 3,700,760 3,182,092 518,668 197,206 663,691 92,697 -101,797 4,552,557 3,819,801 3,292,519 527,282 183,617 701,694 65,358 -102,428 4,668,042 4,076.3 628.2 4,178.5 663.9 4,260.2 672.4 4,362.9 665.8 4,393.8 659.1 4,397.9 652.2 2,835.3 2,324.0 511.4 156.1 349.7 191.4 -84.4 3,448.1 2,837.5 2,342.8 494.7 157.5 417.0 196.8 -94.2 3,514.6 2,915.2 2,475.8 439.4 159.0 467.5 131.5 -85.2 3,587.9 3,008.9 2,587.1 421.8 153.6 510.4 109.0 -84.9 3,696.9 3,045.5 2,618.8 426.7 150.7 544.5 75.8 -81.8 3,734.7 3,073.7 2,649.5 424.2 136.0 564.4 52.4 -80.7 3,745.8 21.3 3.2 21.2 3.3 21.0 3.2 20.9 3.1 20.5 3.0 20.0 2.9 14.8 12.1 2.7 0.9 1.8 1.0 -0.5 18.1 21,288.9 14.4 11.9 2.5 0.8 2.1 1.0 -0.5 17.9 22,409.7 14.4 12.2 2.2 0.8 2.3 0.7 -0.4 17.8 23,557.8 14.4 12.4 2.0 0.8 2.5 0.5 -0.4 17.8 24,753.3 14.2 12.2 2.0 0.8 2.6 0.4 -0.4 17.5 26,006.8 14.0 12.0 1.9 0.7 2.6 0.2 -0.4 17.1 27,325.7 100.0 15.1 100.0 15.5 100.0 15.4 100.0 14.9 100.0 14.6 100.0 14.4 69.6 57.0 12.6 4.0 8.7 4.8 -2.1 84.9 67.9 56.1 11.8 4.0 10.1 4.8 -2.3 84.5 68.5 58.2 10.3 4.0 11.1 3.1 -2.1 84.6 69.1 59.4 9.7 3.8 11.8 2.5 -2.0 85.1 69.4 59.7 9.7 3.7 12.5 1.7 -1.9 85.4 70.0 60.4 9.7 3.4 12.9 1.2 -1.9 85.6 130 Table 7.1 - FEDERAL DEBT AT THE END OF YEAR: 1940 - 2024 In Millions of Dollars End of Fiscal Year 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Less: Held by Gross Federal Federal Debt Government Accounts 50,696 57,531 79,200 142,648 204,079 260,123 270,991 257,149 252,031 252,610 256,853 255,288 259,097 265,963 270,812 274,366 272,693 272,252 279,666 287,465 290,525 292,648 302,928 310,324 316,059 322,318 328,498 340,445 368,685 365,769 380,921 408,176 435,936 466,291 483,893 541,925 628,970 643,561 706,398 776,602 829,467 909,041 994,828 1,137,315 1,371,660 1,564,586 1,817,423 2,120,501 2,345,956 2,601,104 2,867,800 3,206,290 3,598,178 4,001,787 4,351,044 4,643,307 4,920,586 5,181,465 5,369,206 5,478,189 5,605,523 5,628,700 5,769,881 6,198,401 6,760,014 7,354,657 7,905,300 8,451,350 8,950,744 9,986,082 7,924 9,308 11,447 14,882 19,283 24,941 29,130 32,810 35,761 38,288 37,830 40,962 44,339 47,580 46,313 47,751 50,537 52,931 53,329 52,764 53,686 54,291 54,918 56,345 59,210 61,540 64,784 73,819 79,140 87,661 97,723 105,140 113,559 125,381 140,194 147,225 151,566 148,052 157,294 169,476 189,161 197,118 205,418 212,740 234,392 257,611 310,163 379,878 456,203 549,487 677,084 794,733 909,179 1,002,050 1,102,647 1,210,242 1,316,208 1,447,392 1,596,862 1,757,090 1,973,160 2,218,896 2,450,266 2,657,974 2,846,570 3,059,113 3,313,088 3,622,378 3,915,615 4,183,032 As Percentages of GDP Equals: Held by the Public Total 42,772 48,223 67,753 127,766 184,796 235,182 241,861 224,339 216,270 214,322 219,023 214,326 214,758 218,383 224,499 226,616 222,156 219,320 226,336 234,701 236,840 238,357 248,010 253,978 256,849 260,778 263,714 266,626 289,545 278,108 283,198 303,037 322,377 340,910 343,699 394,700 477,404 495,509 549,104 607,126 640,306 711,923 789,410 924,575 1,137,268 1,306,975 1,507,260 1,740,623 1,889,753 2,051,616 2,190,716 2,411,558 2,688,999 2,999,737 3,248,396 3,433,065 3,604,378 3,734,073 3,772,344 3,721,099 3,632,363 3,409,804 3,319,615 3,540,427 3,913,443 4,295,544 4,592,212 4,828,972 5,035,129 5,803,050 Federal Reserve System 2,458 2,180 2,640 7,149 14,899 21,792 23,783 21,872 21,366 19,343 18,331 22,982 22,906 24,746 25,037 23,607 23,758 23,035 25,438 26,044 26,523 27,253 29,663 32,027 34,794 39,100 42,169 46,719 52,230 54,095 57,714 65,518 71,426 75,181 80,648 84,993 94,714 96,702 105,004 115,480 115,594 120,846 124,466 134,497 155,527 155,122 169,806 190,855 212,040 229,218 220,088 234,410 258,591 296,397 325,653 355,150 374,114 390,924 424,518 458,182 496,644 511,413 534,135 604,191 656,116 700,341 736,360 768,924 779,632 491,127 Other 40,314 46,043 65,113 120,617 169,897 213,390 218,078 202,467 194,904 194,979 200,692 191,344 191,852 193,637 199,462 203,009 198,398 196,285 200,898 208,657 210,317 211,104 218,347 221,951 222,055 221,678 221,545 219,907 237,315 224,013 225,484 237,519 250,951 265,729 263,051 309,707 382,690 398,807 444,100 491,646 524,712 591,077 664,944 790,078 981,741 1,151,853 1,337,454 1,549,767 1,677,713 1,822,398 1,970,628 2,177,147 2,430,408 2,703,341 2,922,744 3,077,915 3,230,264 3,343,149 3,347,826 3,262,917 3,135,719 2,898,391 2,785,480 2,936,235 3,257,327 3,595,203 3,855,852 4,060,048 4,255,497 5,311,923 131 Less: Held by Gross Federal Federal Debt Government Accounts 51.6 49.5 53.6 77.3 95.5 114.9 118.9 107.6 96.2 91.4 92.2 78.1 72.6 69.6 70.0 67.5 62.2 58.8 59.1 57.0 54.4 53.5 51.7 50.2 47.8 45.4 42.1 40.7 41.1 37.3 36.4 36.6 35.8 34.5 32.6 33.7 35.2 34.1 34.9 34.2 32.3 32.6 31.8 34.3 38.8 39.6 42.6 46.8 49.2 50.6 51.6 54.4 59.1 62.4 64.2 64.7 65.1 65.2 63.5 61.3 59.1 55.6 54.8 57.2 59.9 61.2 61.6 62.0 62.6 67.7 8.1 8.0 7.8 8.1 9.0 11.0 12.8 13.7 13.7 13.8 13.6 12.5 12.4 12.5 12.0 11.8 11.5 11.4 11.3 10.5 10.0 9.9 9.4 9.1 8.9 8.7 8.3 8.8 8.8 8.9 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.3 9.5 9.2 8.5 7.8 7.8 7.5 7.4 7.1 6.6 6.4 6.6 6.5 7.3 8.4 9.6 10.7 12.2 13.5 14.9 15.6 16.3 16.9 17.4 18.2 18.9 19.7 20.8 21.9 23.3 24.5 25.2 25.4 25.8 26.6 27.4 28.4 Equals: Held by the Public Total 43.6 41.5 45.9 69.2 86.4 103.9 106.1 93.9 82.6 77.5 78.6 65.5 60.1 57.2 58.0 55.8 50.7 47.3 47.8 46.5 44.3 43.6 42.3 41.1 38.8 36.8 33.8 31.9 32.3 28.4 27.1 27.1 26.5 25.2 23.2 24.6 26.7 26.3 27.1 26.7 25.0 25.5 25.2 27.9 32.2 33.1 35.3 38.5 39.6 39.9 39.4 40.9 44.1 46.8 47.9 47.8 47.7 47.0 44.6 41.7 38.3 33.7 31.5 32.7 34.7 35.7 35.8 35.4 35.2 39.4 Federal Reserve System 2.5 1.9 1.8 3.9 7.0 9.6 10.4 9.2 8.2 7.0 6.6 7.0 6.4 6.5 6.5 5.8 5.4 5.0 5.4 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.1 4.5 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.4 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 3.3 Other 41.1 39.6 44.1 65.3 79.5 94.3 95.6 84.7 74.4 70.5 72.0 58.5 53.7 50.7 51.5 50.0 45.3 42.4 42.4 41.4 39.4 38.6 37.3 35.9 33.6 31.3 28.4 26.3 26.4 22.9 21.5 21.3 20.6 19.6 17.7 19.3 21.4 21.1 21.9 21.6 20.5 21.2 21.2 23.8 27.8 29.2 31.4 34.2 35.2 35.5 35.5 36.9 39.9 42.1 43.1 42.9 42.7 42.0 39.6 36.5 33.1 28.6 26.5 27.1 28.9 29.9 30.0 29.8 29.8 36.0 Table 7.1 - FEDERAL DEBT AT THE END OF YEAR: 1940 - 2024 In Millions of Dollars End of Fiscal Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate N/A: Not available Less: Held by Gross Federal Federal Debt Government Accounts 11,875,851 13,528,807 14,764,222 16,050,921 16,719,434 17,794,483 18,120,106 19,539,450 20,205,704 21,462,277 22,775,547 24,057,463 25,333,037 26,544,250 27,644,619 28,581,547 4,331,144 4,509,926 4,636,035 4,769,790 4,736,721 5,014,584 5,003,414 5,371,826 5,540,265 5,712,692 5,856,940 5,970,595 6,110,927 6,210,285 6,340,926 6,517,422 As Percentages of GDP Equals: Held by the Public Total 7,544,707 9,018,882 10,128,187 11,281,131 11,982,713 12,779,899 13,116,692 14,167,624 14,665,439 15,749,585 16,918,607 18,086,868 19,222,109 20,333,966 21,303,694 22,064,124 Federal Reserve System 769,160 811,669 1,664,660 1,645,285 2,072,283 2,451,743 2,461,947 2,463,456 2,465,418 2,313,209 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Other 6,775,547 8,207,213 8,463,527 9,635,846 9,910,430 10,328,156 10,654,745 11,704,168 12,200,021 13,436,376 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 132 Less: Held by Gross Federal Federal Debt Government Accounts 82.3 91.2 95.8 100.0 100.7 102.7 100.2 105.3 104.8 106.1 107.0 107.4 107.5 107.2 106.3 104.6 30.0 30.4 30.1 29.7 28.5 28.9 27.7 29.0 28.7 28.2 27.5 26.6 25.9 25.1 24.4 23.9 Equals: Held by the Public Total 52.3 60.8 65.8 70.3 72.2 73.7 72.5 76.4 76.1 77.8 79.5 80.7 81.6 82.1 81.9 80.7 Federal Reserve System 5.3 5.5 10.8 10.2 12.5 14.1 13.6 13.3 12.8 11.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Other 46.9 55.3 54.9 60.0 59.7 59.6 58.9 63.1 63.3 66.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Table 7.2 - DEBT SUBJECT TO STATUTORY LIMIT: 1940 - 2024 End of Fiscal Year 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Debt Subject to Limit 43,219 49,494 74,154 140,469 208,077 268,671 268,932 255,767 250,381 250,965 255,382 253,284 257,233 264,220 269,379 272,348 270,619 269,120 275,395 282,419 283,827 286,308 End of Fiscal Year 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 (in millions of dollars) Debt End of Fiscal Subject to Year Limit 295,374 1983 302,923 1984 308,583 1985 314,126 1986 316,293 1987 323,143 1988 348,534 1989 356,107 1990 372,600 1991 398,650 1992 427,751 1993 458,264 1994 475,181 1995 534,207 1996 621,556 1997 635,822 1998 699,963 1999 772,691 2000 827,615 2001 908,723 2002 998,818 2003 1,142,913 133 Debt Subject to Limit 1,377,953 1,572,975 1,823,775 2,110,975 2,336,014 2,586,869 2,829,770 3,161,223 3,569,300 3,972,578 4,315,571 4,605,338 4,884,605 5,137,195 5,327,624 5,439,447 5,567,694 5,591,625 5,732,802 6,161,431 6,737,642 End of Fiscal Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate Debt Subject to Limit 7,333,350 7,871,040 8,420,278 8,921,343 9,959,850 11,853,142 13,510,840 14,746,553 16,027,021 16,699,396 17,781,107 18,112,975 19,538,456 20,208,638 21,474,848 22,790,416 24,075,124 25,353,050 26,566,412 27,669,105 28,608,455 Table 7.3 - STATUTORY LIMITS ON FEDERAL DEBT: 1940 - CURRENT Statute 54 Stat. 526 55 Stat. 7 56 Stat. 189 57 Stat. 63 58 Stat. 272 Date June 25, 1940 February 19, 1941 March 28, 1942 April 11, 1943 June 9, 1944 59 Stat. 47 60 Stat. 316 68 Stat. 895 69 Stat. 241 70 Stat. 519 April 3, 1945 June 26, 1946 August 28, 1954 June 30, 1955 July 9, 1956 72 Stat. 27 72 Stat. 1758 73 Stat. 156 74 Stat. 290 75 Stat. 148 76 Stat. 23 76 Stat. 124 77 Stat. 50 77 Stat. 131 77 Stat. 342 78 Stat. 225 79 Stat. 172 80 Stat. 221 81 Stat. 4 81 Stat. 99 (Dollar amounts in billions) Description Amended sec. 21, adding new authority for issuance of $4 billion National Defense Series obligations outstanding Amended sec. 21, eliminating authority for $4 billion of National Defense Series obligations and increasing limitation to Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to Amended sec. 21, including obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States and increasing limitation to Amended sec. 21, defining face amount of savings bonds to be current redemption value and decreasing limitation to Increasing sec. 21 limitation by $6 billion during period beginning August 28, 1954, and ending June 30, 1955 Amended act of August 28, 1954, extending increase in limitation until June 30, 1956 Increased sec. 21 limitation by $3 billion during period beginning July 1, 1956, and ending June 30, 1957 Temporary increase terminated July 1, 1957, and limitation reverted to February 26, 1958 Increased sec. 21 limitation by $5 billion during period beginning February 26, 1958, and ending June 30, 1959 September 2, 1958 Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $283 billion, which with temporary increase of February 26, 1958 made limitation Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $285 billion and increased sec. 21 limitation by $10 billion during period beginning June 30, 1959 July 1, 1959, and ending June 30, 1960 June 30, 1960 Increased sec. 21 limitation by $8 billion during period beginning July 1, 1960, and ending June 30, 1961 June 30, 1961 Increased sec. 21 limitation by $13 billion during period beginning July 1, 1961, and ending June 30, 1962 Increased sec. 21 limitation by $2 billion (in addition to temporary increase of $13 billion in act of June 30, 1961) during March 13, 1962 period beginning March 13, 1962, and ending June 30, 1962 July 1, 1962 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods: (1) beginning July 1, 1962, and ending March 31, 1963, to (2) beginning April 1, 1963, and ending June 24, 1963, to (3) beginning June 25, 1963, and ending June 30, 1963, to May 29, 1963 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods: (1) beginning May 29, 1963, and ending June 30, 1963, to (2) beginning July 1, 1963, and ending August 31, 1963, to August 27, 1963 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning September 1, 1963, and ending November 30, 1963, to November 26, 1963 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods: (1) beginning December 1, 1963, and ending June 29, 1964, to (2) ending June 30, 1964, to June 29, 1964 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning June 29, 1964, and ending June 30, 1965, to June 24, 1965 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning July 1, 1965, and ending June 30, 1966, to June 24, 1966 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning July 1, 1966, and ending June 30, 1967, to March 2, 1967 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning March 2, 1967, and ending June 30, 1967, to June 30, 1967 Sec. 21 amended to increase limitation on aggregate outstanding at any time to 93 Stat. 8 93 Stat. 589 94 Stat. 421 94 Stat. 439 94 Stat. 598 94 Stat. 3261 Sec. 21 amended also to increase the limitation temporarily, beginning July 1, 1968, and each July 1 thereafter for the period beginning July 1 and ending June 29 of each succeeding calendar year by $7 billion, providing an operating limitation of Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $365 billion, and increased sec. 21 limitation by $12 billion during period beginning April 7, 1969 April 7, 1969, and ending June 30, 1970 Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $380 billion, and increased sec. 21 limitation by $15 billion during period beginning June 30, 1970 July 1, 1970, and ending June 30, 1971 Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $400 billion, and increased sec. 21 limitation by $30 billion during period beginning March 17, 1971 March 17, 1971, and ending June 30, 1972 Amended sec. 21, to further increase the limitation temporarily by $20 billion during period beginning March 15, 1972, and March 15, 1972 ending June 30, 1972 July 1, 1972 Amended act of March 15, 1972, striking out June 30, 1972, and inserting in lieu thereof October 31, 1972 October 27, 1972 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning November 1, 1972, and ending June 30, 1973 July 1, 1973 Amended act of October 27, 1972, striking out June 30, 1973, and inserting in lieu thereof November 30, 1973 December 3, 1973 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning December 3, 1973, and ending June 30, 1974 June 30, 1974 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning June 30, 1974, and ending March 31, 1975 February 19, 1975 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning February 19, 1975, and ending June 30, 1975 June 30, 1975 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning June 30, 1975, and ending November 15, 1975 November 14, 1975 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning November 14, 1975, and ending March 15, 1976 March 15, 1976 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning March 15, 1976, and ending June 30, 1976 June 30, 1976 Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods: (1) beginning July 1, 1976, and ending September 30, 1976, to (2) beginning October 1, 1976, and ending March 31, 1977, to (3) beginning April 1, 1977, and ending September 30, 1977, to Temporary increase terminated October 1, 1977, and limitation reverted to October 4, 1977 Increased sec. 21 limitation by $352 billion during the period beginning October 4, 1977, and ending March 31, 1978 March 27, 1978 Amended act of October 4, 1977, striking out March 31, 1978, and inserting in lieu thereof July 31, 1978 Temporary increase terminated August 1, 1978, and limitation reverted to August 3, 1978 Increased sec. 21 limitation by $398 billion during the period beginning August 3, 1978, and ending March 31, 1979 Temporary increase terminated April 1, 1979, and limitation reverted to April 2, 1979 Increased sec. 21 limitation by $430 billion during the period beginning April 2, 1979, and ending September 30, 1979 September 29, 1979 Increased sec. 21 limitation by $479 billion during the period beginning September 29, 1979, and ending May 31, 1980 May 30, 1980 Amended act of September 29, 1979, striking out May 31, 1980, and inserting in lieu thereof June 5, 1980 June 6, 1980 Amended act of September 29, 1979, striking out June 5, 1980, and inserting in lieu thereof June 30, 1980 June 28, 1980 Increased sec. 21 limitation by $525 billion during the period beginning June 28, 1980, and ending February 28, 1981 December 19, 1980 Increased the total debt limit (composed of $400.0 billion of permanent ceiling, $535.1 billion of temporary ceiling) to 95 Stat. 4 95 Stat. 955 95 Stat. 956 96 Stat. 130 96 Stat. 1156 February 7, 1981 September 30, 1981 September 30, 1981 June 28, 1982 September 30, 1982 83 Stat. 7 84 Stat. 368 85 Stat. 5 86 Stat. 63 86 Stat. 406 86 Stat. 1324 87 Stat. 134 87 Stat. 691 88 Stat. 285 89 Stat. 5 89 Stat. 246 89 Stat. 693 90 Stat. 217 90 Stat. 793 91 Stat. 1090 92 Stat. 185 92 Stat. 419 97 Stat. 196 97 Stat. 1012 98 Stat. 217 98 Stat. 313 98 Stat. 2206 99 Stat. 814 99 Stat. 1037 100 Stat. 818 100 Stat. 1968 101 Stat. 308 101 Stat. 542 101 Stat. 550 101 Stat. 754 Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $585.0 billion through September 30, 1980, raising the total debt ceiling to Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $599.8 billion for one day -- September 30, 1981 Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $679.8 billion through September 30, 1982 Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $743.1 billion through September 30, 1982 Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $890.2 billion through September 30, 1983 Eliminated the distinction between permanent and temporary limit with the enactment of a single permanent limit. Raised the May 26, 1983 debt limit to November 21, 1983 Increased the debt limit to May 25, 1984 Increased the debt limit to July 6, 1984 Increased the debt limit to October 13, 1984 Increased the debt limit to November 14, 1985 Increased the debt limit temporarily through December 6, 1985, to December 12, 1985 Increased the debt limit to August 21, 1986 Increased the debt limit to October 21, 1986 Increased the debt limit temporarily through May 15, 1987, to May 15, 1987 Increased the debt limit temporarily through July 17, 1987, to July 30, 1987 Increased the debt limit temporarily through August 6, 1987, to August 10, 1987 Increased the debt limit temporarily through September 23, 1987, to September 29, 1987 Increased the debt limit to 134 Limit 49.0 65.0 125.0 210.0 260.0 300.0 275.0 281.0 281.0 278.0 275.0 280.0 288.0 295.0 293.0 298.0 300.0 308.0 305.0 300.0 307.0 309.0 309.0 315.0 309.0 324.0 328.0 330.0 336.0 358.0 365.0 377.0 395.0 430.0 450.0 450.0 465.0 465.0 475.7 495.0 577.0 577.0 595.0 627.0 636.0 682.0 700.0 400.0 752.0 752.0 400.0 798.0 400.0 830.0 879.0 879.0 879.0 925.0 935.1 985.0 999.8 1,079.8 1,143.1 1,290.2 1,389.0 1,490.0 1,520.0 1,573.0 1,823.8 1,903.8 2,078.7 2,111.0 2,300.0 2,320.0 2,320.0 2,352.0 2,800.0 Table 7.3 - STATUTORY LIMITS ON FEDERAL DEBT: 1940 - CURRENT Statute 103 Stat. 182 103 Stat. 830 104 Stat. 403 104 Stat. 878 104 Stat. 897 104 Stat. 1033 104 Stat. 1078 104 Stat. 1087 104 Stat. 1388-560 107 Stat. 42 107 Stat. 565 110 Stat. 55 110 Stat. 825 110 Stat. 875 111 Stat. 648 116 Stat. 734 117 Stat. 710 118 Stat. 2337 120 Stat. 289 121 Stat. 988 122 Stat. 2908 122 Stat. 3790 123 Stat. 366 123 Stat.3483 124 Stat.8 125 Stat.251 127 Stat. 51 127 Stat. 566 128 Stat. 1011 129 Stat. 620 131 Stat. 1139 132 Stat. 132 Date August 7, 1989 November 8, 1989 August 9, 1990 October 2, 1990 October 9, 1990 October 19, 1990 October 25, 1990 October 28, 1990 November 5, 1990 April 6, 1993 August 10, 1993 (Dollar amounts in billions) Description Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 31, 1989, to Increased the debt limit to Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 2, 1990, to Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 6, 1990, to Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 19, 1990, to Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 24, 1990, to Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 27, 1990, to Increased the debt limit temporarily through November 5, 1990, to Increased the debt limit to Increased the debt limit temporarily through September 30, 1993, to Increased the debt limit to Temporarily exempted from limit obligations in an amount equal to the monthly insurance benefits payable under Title II of th Social Security Act in March 1996, the exemption to expire on the earlier of an increase in the limit or March 15, 1996. Temporarily exempted from limit (a) obligations in an amount equal to the monthly insurance benefits payable under Title II o the Social Security Act in March 1996 and (b) certain obligations issued to trust funds and other Federal Government accounts both exemptions to expire on the earlier of an increase in the limit or March 30, 1996. March 12, 1996 March 29, 1996 Increased the debt limit to August 5, 1997 Increased the debt limit to June 28, 2002 Increased the debt limit to May 27, 2003 Increased the debt limit to November 19, 2004 Increased the debt limit to March 20, 2006 Increased the debt limit to September 29, 2007 Increased the debt limit to July 30, 2008 Increased the debt limit to October 3, 2008 Increased the debt limit to February 17, 2009 Increased the debt limit to December 28, 2009 Increased the debt limit to February 12, 2010 Increased the debt limit to August 2, 2011 Increased the debt limit to Effective after September 21, 2011, increased the debt limit to Effective after January 27, 2012, increased the debt limit to Suspended the existing debt limit from February 4, 2013, through May 18, 2013, and prospectively increased the limit to February 4, 2013 accommodate the increase in such debt outstanding as of May 19, 2013. Effective May 19, 2013, reestablished the debt limit at Suspended the existing debt limit from October 17, 2013, through February 7, 2014, and prospectively increased the limit to October 17, 2013 accommodate the increase in such debt outstanding as of February 8, 2014. Effective February 8, 2014, reestablished the debt limit at Suspended the existing debt limit from February 15, 2014, through March 15, 2015, and prospectively increased the limit to February 15, 2014 accommodate the increase in such debt outstanding as of March 16, 2015. Effective March 16, 2015, reestablished the debt limit at Suspended the existing debt limit from November 2, 2015, through March 15, 2017, and prospectively increased the limit to November 2, 2015 accommodate the increase in such debt outstanding as of March 16, 2017. Effective March 16, 2017, reestablished the debt limit at Suspended the existing debt limit from September 8, 2017, through December 8, 2017, and prospectively increased the limit to September 8, 2017 accommodate the increase in such debt outstanding as of December 9, 2017. Effective December 9, 2017, reestablished the debt limit at Suspended the existing debt limit from February 9, 2018, through March 1, 2019, and prospectively increased the limit to February 9, 2018 accommodate the increase in such debt outstanding as of March 1, 2019. Limit 2,870.0 3,122.7 3,195.0 3,195.0 3,195.0 3,195.0 3,195.0 3,230.0 4,145.0 4,370.0 4,900.0 February 8, 1996 135 5,500.0 5,950.0 6,400.0 7,384.0 8,184.0 8,965.0 9,815.0 10,615.0 11,315.0 12,104.0 12,394.0 14,294.0 14,694.0 15,194.0 16,394.0 16,699.4 17,211.6 18,113.0 19,808.8 20,456.0 Table 8.1 - OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Programmatic Fiscal Year Total Outlays(1) Total National NonDefense defense Total Total Total 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 106.8 111.3 118.5 118.2 134.5 157.5 178.1 183.6 195.6 210.2 230.7 245.7 269.4 332.3 371.8 96.0 409.2 458.7 504.0 590.9 678.2 745.7 808.4 851.8 946.3 990.4 1,004.0 1,064.4 1,143.7 1,253.0 1,324.2 1,381.5 1,409.4 1,461.8 1,515.7 1,560.5 1,601.1 1,652.5 1,701.8 1,789.0 1,862.8 2,010.9 2,159.9 2,292.8 2,472.0 2,655.0 2,728.7 2,982.5 3,517.7 3,457.1 3,603.1 3,526.6 3,454.9 3,506.3 3,691.8 3,852.6 3,981.6 72.1 75.3 79.1 77.8 90.1 106.5 118.0 117.3 120.3 122.5 128.5 130.4 138.2 158.0 175.6 48.1 197.1 218.7 240.0 276.3 307.9 326.0 353.3 379.4 415.8 438.5 444.2 464.4 488.8 500.6 533.3 533.8 539.8 541.3 544.8 532.7 547.0 552.0 572.1 614.6 649.0 734.0 824.3 895.1 968.5 1,016.6 1,041.6 1,134.9 1,237.5 1,347.2 1,347.1 1,275.7 1,202.4 1,178.9 1,172.1 1,185.2 1,200.3 52.6 53.7 55.0 51.0 59.0 72.0 82.2 82.7 81.9 79.0 79.3 77.1 80.7 87.6 89.9 22.3 97.5 104.6 116.8 134.6 158.0 185.9 209.9 228.0 253.1 273.8 282.5 290.9 304.0 300.1 319.7 302.6 292.4 282.3 273.6 266.0 271.7 270.2 275.5 295.0 306.1 349.0 404.9 454.1 493.6 520.0 547.9 612.4 656.7 688.9 699.4 670.5 625.8 596.4 583.4 584.8 590.2 19.5 21.6 24.1 26.8 31.1 34.5 35.8 34.6 38.3 43.5 49.2 53.3 57.5 70.3 85.7 25.7 99.6 114.1 123.2 141.7 149.9 140.0 143.4 151.4 162.7 164.7 161.6 173.5 184.8 200.4 213.6 231.2 247.3 259.1 271.2 266.8 275.4 281.7 296.6 319.7 343.0 385.0 419.4 441.0 474.9 496.7 493.7 522.4 580.8 658.3 647.7 605.2 576.6 582.4 588.8 600.4 610.1 34.7 36.0 39.4 40.4 44.4 51.0 60.2 66.3 75.4 87.6 102.1 115.3 131.2 174.4 196.2 47.9 212.1 240.0 264.0 314.6 370.3 419.8 455.1 472.4 530.6 551.9 559.9 600.0 654.9 752.4 790.9 847.7 869.6 920.4 971.0 1,027.8 1,054.1 1,100.5 1,129.7 1,174.3 1,213.8 1,276.9 1,335.6 1,397.8 1,503.4 1,638.4 1,687.1 1,847.7 2,280.1 2,109.9 2,255.9 2,250.9 2,252.5 2,327.4 2,519.7 2,667.4 2,781.3 27.9 28.3 31.2 31.8 35.0 40.7 49.1 53.6 61.0 72.8 86.7 98.0 109.7 151.1 169.5 41.0 182.2 204.6 221.4 262.1 301.6 334.8 365.2 361.3 401.1 415.8 421.2 448.2 485.9 568.1 596.5 648.4 670.9 717.5 738.8 786.7 810.1 859.3 900.0 951.4 1,007.6 1,106.0 1,182.5 1,237.5 1,319.4 1,411.8 1,450.0 1,594.9 2,093.2 1,913.7 2,026.0 2,030.4 2,031.6 2,098.5 2,296.5 2,427.3 2,518.8 33.1 34.1 36.9 37.8 41.5 48.0 57.1 61.6 69.6 82.9 96.2 111.4 126.5 164.7 183.9 45.2 197.1 220.3 238.9 282.0 329.6 360.9 399.2 393.2 433.8 448.9 463.6 492.9 530.2 604.8 635.9 687.7 708.3 755.3 783.3 824.3 860.1 906.5 940.4 994.0 1,054.6 1,153.4 1,236.9 1,296.1 1,384.7 1,480.1 1,532.2 1,681.1 2,185.9 1,995.8 2,114.4 2,134.0 2,124.4 2,186.5 2,412.3 2,522.6 2,608.6 136 Social Medicare Medicaid Security 14.0 15.5 16.2 17.1 20.3 21.3 23.3 26.7 29.6 35.1 39.4 48.2 55.0 63.6 72.7 19.5 83.7 92.4 102.6 117.1 137.9 153.9 168.5 176.1 186.4 196.5 205.1 216.8 230.4 246.5 266.8 285.2 302.0 316.9 333.3 347.1 362.3 376.1 387.0 406.0 429.4 452.1 470.5 491.5 518.7 543.9 581.4 612.1 677.7 700.8 724.9 767.7 807.8 844.9 881.9 910.3 939.2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2.5 4.4 5.4 5.8 6.2 7.0 7.6 9.0 12.2 15.0 4.0 18.6 21.8 25.5 31.0 37.9 45.3 51.2 56.0 64.1 68.4 73.4 76.9 82.7 95.8 102.0 116.2 127.9 141.8 156.9 171.3 187.4 190.2 187.7 194.1 214.1 227.7 245.7 264.9 294.3 324.9 370.8 385.8 425.1 446.5 479.9 466.0 491.8 505.3 539.9 588.4 591.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.4 4.6 4.6 5.8 6.8 8.6 2.2 9.9 10.7 12.4 14.0 16.8 17.4 19.0 20.1 22.7 25.0 27.4 30.5 34.6 41.1 52.5 67.8 75.8 82.0 89.1 92.0 95.6 101.2 108.0 117.9 129.4 147.5 160.7 176.2 181.7 180.6 190.6 201.4 250.9 272.8 275.0 250.5 265.4 301.5 349.8 368.3 374.7 Undistrib Net uted Other Offsetting Interest Means Tested Other Receipts (2) Entitleme nts (1) 4.2 14.7 -5.3 6.9 4.6 13.9 -5.8 7.7 4.8 15.7 -5.7 8.2 5.0 15.5 -5.9 8.6 5.0 15.5 -6.5 9.4 5.0 18.0 -7.3 10.3 5.7 21.9 -8.0 11.1 6.4 20.9 -8.0 12.7 7.4 24.1 -8.6 14.4 10.0 28.2 -10.1 14.8 12.3 32.9 -9.6 15.5 12.1 38.9 -13.4 17.3 14.3 42.3 -16.7 21.4 18.8 63.3 -13.6 23.2 21.9 65.7 -14.4 26.7 5.4 14.1 -4.2 6.9 23.4 61.6 -14.9 29.9 24.5 70.9 -15.7 35.5 25.9 72.5 -17.5 42.6 31.0 89.0 -19.9 52.5 35.4 101.6 -28.0 68.8 34.8 109.4 -26.1 85.0 38.3 122.2 -34.0 89.8 38.6 102.5 -32.0 111.1 40.3 120.3 -32.7 129.5 41.9 116.9 -33.0 136.0 43.3 114.3 -42.3 138.6 47.6 121.1 -44.7 151.8 50.8 131.7 -44.3 169.0 54.6 166.8 -36.7 184.3 64.8 149.7 -39.4 194.4 75.8 142.7 -39.3 199.3 83.3 119.3 -37.4 198.7 91.3 123.1 -37.8 202.9 95.8 108.2 -44.5 232.1 99.2 114.8 -37.6 241.1 102.6 112.2 -50.0 244.0 103.7 135.2 -47.2 241.1 109.1 148.6 -40.4 229.8 114.8 161.0 -42.6 222.9 118.9 162.9 -47.0 206.2 133.5 192.6 -47.4 170.9 146.1 213.9 -54.4 153.1 152.6 210.8 -58.5 160.2 169.4 220.5 -65.2 184.0 173.9 256.8 -68.2 226.6 176.1 213.3 -82.2 237.1 225.1 256.7 -86.2 252.8 239.6 592.5 -92.6 186.9 289.9 286.0 -82.1 196.2 308.8 325.8 -88.5 230.0 283.5 366.3 -103.5 220.4 298.2 261.2 -92.8 220.9 300.2 234.6 -88.0 229.0 317.1 323.7 -115.8 223.2 325.0 330.6 -95.3 240.0 326.1 377.2 -89.8 262.6 Table 8.1 - OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Programmatic Undistrib Net uted Other Total Total Total Offsetting Interest Means Social Total Medicare Medicaid Tested Other Receipts Security (2) Entitleme nts (1) 2018 4,109.0 1,261.6 622.7 638.9 2,847.4 2,522.5 2,620.3 982.0 581.8 389.2 326.1 341.2 -97.9 325.0 2019 est. 4,529.2 1,359.1 674.3 684.8 3,170.1 2,776.6 2,873.5 1,041.2 644.9 418.7 361.3 407.5 -96.9 393.5 2020 est. 4,745.6 1,425.9 726.1 699.9 3,319.7 2,840.8 2,951.2 1,101.7 678.6 418.2 340.1 412.7 -110.4 478.8 2021 est. 4,945.2 1,400.3 749.8 650.5 3,544.9 2,997.4 3,099.3 1,165.5 711.1 368.4 337.4 516.9 -101.8 547.5 2022 est. 5,177.5 1,372.5 756.9 615.7 3,804.9 3,195.0 3,298.6 1,234.0 799.9 357.3 350.0 557.4 -103.5 609.9 2023 est. 5,330.1 1,356.3 764.8 591.5 3,973.8 3,310.1 3,411.9 1,306.9 821.8 373.5 354.5 555.2 -101.8 663.7 2024 est. 5,453.0 1,346.5 772.6 573.9 4,106.5 3,404.8 3,507.2 1,384.3 839.8 380.7 356.2 546.2 -102.4 701.7 (1) See the Section Notes for Section 8 in the Historical Tables Introduction for a list of mandatory accounts classified as means-tested entitlements. (2) Including asset sales. Fiscal Year Total Outlays(1) National NonDefense defense 137 Table 8.2 - OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Programmatic Fiscal Year Total Outlays Total National NonDefense defense Total Total Total 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 785.9 784.9 822.3 809.0 896.1 1,026.7 1,120.1 1,085.7 1,095.8 1,101.1 1,134.8 1,155.7 1,169.3 1,314.5 1,372.5 345.8 1,408.1 1,485.4 1,501.8 1,592.3 1,645.3 1,679.9 1,735.9 1,745.5 1,870.5 1,917.5 1,889.3 1,936.3 2,001.6 2,131.0 2,155.6 2,161.0 2,141.3 2,182.4 2,197.6 2,216.0 2,226.8 2,279.3 2,318.8 2,377.4 2,412.3 2,564.6 2,678.4 2,771.1 2,888.5 2,998.6 2,998.9 3,168.2 3,737.1 3,608.3 3,674.8 3,526.6 3,406.5 3,403.5 3,564.2 3,693.8 3,753.7 582.9 580.4 597.0 579.9 648.7 748.6 799.2 749.2 729.5 695.1 674.3 645.7 640.4 674.0 705.0 188.4 736.8 770.9 779.4 813.8 817.3 797.8 825.3 841.9 886.8 916.5 907.9 921.8 938.0 935.1 949.5 919.2 901.8 892.3 868.0 828.6 835.7 837.0 849.5 881.9 902.7 992.1 1,063.3 1,115.2 1,156.1 1,166.5 1,153.7 1,212.5 1,318.6 1,406.4 1,369.0 1,275.7 1,188.6 1,145.1 1,129.4 1,136.0 1,130.7 425.9 416.4 421.1 391.6 432.2 510.9 556.6 530.2 499.5 453.6 415.8 377.5 370.1 368.8 355.9 86.7 357.9 359.5 370.8 386.3 408.7 441.6 475.2 490.8 524.4 554.9 564.1 566.7 570.2 544.2 552.4 514.6 492.4 470.8 447.7 426.0 428.5 418.3 418.1 432.4 433.9 479.1 522.2 564.3 585.5 591.4 603.3 649.4 697.8 718.8 709.0 670.5 621.4 583.1 568.0 567.5 564.3 157.0 163.9 175.9 188.3 216.4 237.6 242.7 219.0 230.1 241.6 258.5 268.1 270.3 305.3 349.0 101.8 378.9 411.4 408.6 427.5 408.6 356.2 350.1 351.1 362.4 361.6 343.8 355.2 367.8 390.9 397.2 404.5 409.4 421.5 420.4 402.6 407.2 418.6 431.5 449.5 468.8 513.0 541.1 551.0 570.6 575.1 550.4 563.1 620.8 687.6 660.0 605.2 567.2 562.0 561.4 568.4 566.4 203.2 204.4 225.5 229.5 247.7 277.8 320.8 336.6 366.1 406.2 460.5 510.1 528.6 640.5 667.7 157.3 671.2 714.8 722.2 778.4 828.2 882.3 910.6 903.5 983.7 1,001.0 981.5 1,014.7 1,063.6 1,196.0 1,206.1 1,242.0 1,239.6 1,290.1 1,329.4 1,387.4 1,391.1 1,442.1 1,469.4 1,495.3 1,509.9 1,572.3 1,615.1 1,655.8 1,732.4 1,832.1 1,845.4 1,955.7 2,418.4 2,201.9 2,305.6 2,250.9 2,217.8 2,258.4 2,434.7 2,557.8 2,623.0 162.6 159.4 178.4 181.0 195.9 222.7 263.3 273.7 298.5 339.8 394.3 439.0 446.6 560.0 581.1 135.4 580.9 614.4 610.5 651.9 677.4 707.9 734.2 692.7 746.0 756.8 738.0 756.4 787.3 905.2 910.0 945.8 951.1 1,001.7 1,006.5 1,058.2 1,063.7 1,122.6 1,168.8 1,209.5 1,251.7 1,361.6 1,429.7 1,466.3 1,521.3 1,580.2 1,588.8 1,687.7 2,222.5 1,998.0 2,071.3 2,030.4 2,000.9 2,037.9 2,222.3 2,331.4 2,379.8 Social Medicare Medicaid Security 211.6 211.5 228.1 229.7 248.0 279.4 323.6 329.7 354.4 399.2 446.6 508.2 528.0 621.5 641.2 152.5 638.5 671.6 670.3 714.8 758.4 779.6 824.6 775.5 827.3 837.8 840.1 860.4 888.0 987.8 993.5 1,026.3 1,024.0 1,072.2 1,086.9 1,123.2 1,147.9 1,200.5 1,233.5 1,274.3 1,321.7 1,428.4 1,502.5 1,541.0 1,600.8 1,660.5 1,682.2 1,782.5 2,322.3 2,084.0 2,160.8 2,134.0 2,092.9 2,122.3 2,331.6 2,420.3 2,461.3 138 83.5 90.8 94.1 97.6 113.7 116.4 123.5 135.8 144.0 163.3 176.3 207.9 219.6 230.1 247.1 64.1 264.5 273.8 280.6 289.5 310.8 326.7 342.1 344.2 352.2 361.8 368.0 374.8 381.5 392.0 408.1 425.1 438.8 450.9 464.2 473.8 484.8 498.7 507.1 519.8 537.7 559.7 571.2 583.9 599.4 609.9 638.3 649.3 719.5 731.2 740.4 767.7 796.1 820.0 852.0 872.8 885.4 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 13.0 22.6 26.5 27.5 28.2 30.8 32.3 35.1 43.2 50.2 13.1 57.9 63.7 68.8 75.4 84.1 94.6 102.2 107.6 119.1 123.7 129.1 129.6 132.0 146.8 150.8 168.9 182.4 197.6 215.2 230.9 248.0 248.5 242.7 245.7 265.4 279.8 296.8 313.4 339.0 363.1 406.5 408.0 450.7 466.3 490.7 466.0 484.5 490.6 522.7 565.5 559.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.6 4.3 6.4 9.6 11.6 13.2 15.6 20.6 19.9 23.2 24.8 29.1 7.3 31.2 31.7 34.0 34.5 38.0 36.9 38.6 39.2 42.8 46.0 49.3 52.7 57.4 65.5 80.6 101.4 110.5 117.3 124.7 126.2 128.5 134.7 142.0 151.5 162.5 183.2 195.7 209.8 210.3 202.8 209.4 213.7 266.3 284.7 280.9 250.5 261.5 292.6 337.8 353.1 353.2 Undistribu Net ted Other Offsetting Interest Means Tested Other Receipts (2) Entitlements (1) 25.2 102.2 -48.9 40.5 26.8 93.0 -52.1 45.0 27.7 105.0 -49.7 47.1 28.3 102.2 -48.7 48.5 28.3 101.7 -52.1 51.9 27.5 116.1 -56.7 55.1 30.3 137.6 -60.3 57.5 32.3 123.4 -56.0 62.9 35.7 133.8 -55.9 67.6 46.5 145.6 -59.4 66.4 55.1 163.8 -52.3 66.1 52.4 195.7 -69.2 71.0 57.3 192.8 -81.4 82.0 68.2 255.3 -61.5 80.5 74.4 240.4 -60.1 86.6 17.7 50.2 -17.1 21.9 73.9 211.0 -57.6 90.3 72.5 229.9 -57.2 100.4 70.8 216.2 -59.8 111.7 76.7 238.6 -62.9 126.6 79.7 245.8 -81.0 150.8 73.9 247.5 -71.8 174.4 77.8 264.0 -90.4 176.5 75.4 209.1 -82.8 210.8 76.0 237.2 -81.3 237.7 77.2 229.0 -81.1 244.2 77.8 215.9 -102.0 243.4 82.3 220.9 -103.9 258.3 84.1 233.0 -100.8 276.3 86.9 296.6 -82.6 290.8 99.2 254.9 -83.6 296.1 113.1 217.9 -80.6 296.2 121.2 171.2 -72.9 288.5 130.2 176.2 -70.5 288.3 133.7 149.2 -80.4 322.9 135.6 156.7 -64.9 329.2 137.5 149.1 -84.2 327.4 137.7 180.9 -77.9 319.5 143.2 198.6 -64.8 300.6 147.2 210.2 -64.8 285.8 149.1 206.9 -70.0 258.2 165.4 240.4 -66.8 210.7 177.6 261.3 -72.7 185.3 181.4 252.6 -74.7 189.5 195.8 256.2 -79.5 211.1 195.1 289.5 -80.3 251.9 193.4 234.6 -93.3 256.6 238.8 272.8 -94.8 268.0 254.4 631.4 -99.8 195.9 302.5 299.3 -86.0 203.9 315.4 333.4 -89.5 234.3 283.5 366.3 -103.5 220.4 293.8 257.1 -92.0 216.9 291.4 227.7 -84.4 220.6 306.3 312.8 -109.3 212.4 311.6 317.2 -88.9 226.4 307.4 355.8 -81.5 243.2 Table 8.2 - OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Programmatic Undistribu Net ted Other Total Total Total Offsetting Interest Means Social Total Medicare Medicaid Tested Other Receipts Security (2) Entitlements (1) 2018 3,779.4 1,160.5 583.0 577.5 2,619.0 2,324.4 2,411.3 903.1 537.0 357.8 299.9 313.6 -86.9 294.6 2019 est. 4,076.3 1,224.1 618.8 605.3 2,852.2 2,502.5 2,586.9 937.0 582.0 376.6 325.1 366.1 -84.4 349.7 2020 est. 4,178.6 1,257.6 653.2 604.4 2,921.0 2,504.0 2,598.1 969.7 598.9 367.9 299.3 362.3 -94.2 417.0 2021 est. 4,260.2 1,210.6 661.3 549.3 3,049.8 2,582.3 2,667.4 1,003.3 613.6 317.0 290.4 443.2 -85.2 467.5 2022 est. 4,362.9 1,162.8 654.4 508.4 3,200.1 2,689.6 2,774.5 1,038.5 674.5 300.6 294.5 466.4 -84.9 510.4 2023 est. 4,393.8 1,125.7 648.3 477.4 3,268.1 2,723.6 2,805.4 1,075.6 677.3 307.3 291.7 453.5 -81.8 544.5 2024 est. 4,397.9 1,094.6 642.0 452.6 3,303.3 2,739.0 2,819.7 1,114.0 676.5 306.3 286.6 436.3 -80.7 564.4 (1) See the Section Notes for Section 8 in the Historical Tables Introduction for a list of mandatory accounts classified as means-tested entitlements. (2) Including asset sales. Fiscal Year Total Outlays National NonDefense defense 139 Table 8.3 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY: 1962 - 2024 Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Programmatic Fiscal Year Total National NonOutlays Total Total Defense defense Total Total 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 67.5 67.6 66.8 65.8 67.0 67.6 66.2 63.9 61.5 58.3 55.7 53.1 51.3 47.5 47.2 50.1 48.2 47.7 47.6 46.8 45.4 43.7 43.7 44.5 43.9 44.3 44.2 43.6 42.7 40.0 40.3 38.6 38.3 37.0 35.9 34.1 34.2 33.4 33.6 34.4 34.8 36.5 38.2 39.0 39.2 38.3 38.2 38.1 35.2 39.0 37.4 36.2 34.8 49.2 48.3 46.4 43.2 43.9 45.7 46.1 45.0 41.9 37.6 34.4 31.4 30.0 26.4 24.2 23.2 23.8 22.8 23.2 22.8 23.3 24.9 26.0 26.8 26.7 27.6 28.1 27.3 26.6 24.0 24.1 21.9 20.7 19.3 18.0 17.0 17.0 16.4 16.2 16.5 16.4 17.4 18.7 19.8 20.0 19.6 20.1 20.5 18.7 19.9 19.4 19.0 18.1 18.3 19.4 20.3 22.6 23.2 21.9 20.1 18.8 19.6 20.7 21.3 21.7 21.3 21.2 23.1 26.8 24.3 24.9 24.4 24.0 22.1 18.8 17.7 17.8 17.2 16.6 16.1 16.3 16.2 16.0 16.1 16.7 17.5 17.7 17.9 17.1 17.2 17.1 17.4 17.9 18.4 19.1 19.4 19.2 19.2 18.7 18.1 17.5 16.5 19.0 18.0 17.2 16.7 32.5 32.4 33.2 34.2 33.0 32.4 33.8 36.1 38.5 41.7 44.3 46.9 48.7 52.5 52.8 49.9 51.8 52.3 52.4 53.2 54.6 56.3 56.3 55.5 56.1 55.7 55.8 56.4 57.3 60.0 59.7 61.4 61.7 63.0 64.1 65.9 65.8 66.6 66.4 65.6 65.2 63.5 61.8 61.0 60.8 61.7 61.8 61.9 64.8 61.0 62.6 63.8 65.2 26.1 25.4 26.3 26.9 26.0 25.9 27.5 29.2 31.2 34.6 37.6 39.9 40.7 45.5 45.6 42.7 44.5 44.6 43.9 44.4 44.5 44.9 45.2 42.4 42.4 42.0 42.0 42.1 42.5 45.3 45.0 46.9 47.6 49.1 48.7 50.4 50.6 52.0 52.9 53.2 54.1 55.0 54.7 54.0 53.4 53.2 53.1 53.5 59.5 55.4 56.2 57.6 58.8 Social Medicare Medicaid Security 31.0 30.6 31.1 31.9 30.9 30.5 32.1 33.5 35.6 39.4 41.7 45.3 46.9 49.6 49.5 47.1 48.2 48.0 47.4 47.7 48.6 48.4 49.4 46.2 45.8 45.3 46.2 46.3 46.4 48.3 48.0 49.8 50.3 51.7 51.7 52.8 53.7 54.9 55.3 55.6 56.6 57.4 57.3 56.5 56.0 55.7 56.2 56.4 62.1 57.7 58.7 60.5 61.5 13.2 13.9 13.7 14.4 15.1 13.5 13.1 14.5 15.2 16.7 17.1 19.6 20.4 19.1 19.6 20.3 20.5 20.2 20.4 19.8 20.3 20.6 20.8 20.7 19.7 19.8 20.4 20.4 20.1 19.7 20.1 20.6 21.4 21.7 22.0 22.2 22.6 22.8 22.7 22.7 23.0 22.5 21.8 21.4 21.0 20.5 21.3 20.5 19.3 20.3 20.1 21.8 23.4 140 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1.6 2.5 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.7 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.6 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.8 6.9 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.6 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.7 10.4 11.0 11.7 11.5 11.0 10.9 11.5 11.3 11.4 11.6 11.9 12.2 13.6 12.9 12.1 12.9 13.3 13.2 14.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.3 4.0 4.9 5.4 5.6 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.3 7.4 7.7 7.4 6.8 7.0 6.8 7.1 7.9 7.6 7.1 7.7 Undistrib Net uted Other Offsetting Interest Means Tested Other Receipts (2) Entitleme nts (1) 4.0 13.8 -4.9 6.4 4.1 12.5 -5.2 7.0 4.0 13.2 -4.8 6.9 4.2 13.1 -5.0 7.3 3.7 11.5 -4.9 7.0 3.2 11.4 -4.6 6.5 3.2 12.3 -4.5 6.2 3.5 11.4 -4.3 6.9 3.8 12.3 -4.4 7.4 4.8 13.4 -4.8 7.1 5.3 14.3 -4.2 6.7 4.9 15.8 -5.5 7.1 5.3 15.7 -6.2 8.0 5.7 19.0 -4.1 7.0 5.9 17.7 -3.9 7.2 5.6 14.7 -4.4 7.2 5.7 15.1 -3.6 7.3 5.3 15.4 -3.4 7.7 5.1 14.4 -3.5 8.5 5.2 15.1 -3.4 8.9 5.2 15.0 -4.1 10.1 4.7 14.7 -3.5 11.4 4.7 15.1 -4.2 11.1 4.5 12.0 -3.8 13.0 4.3 12.7 -3.5 13.7 4.2 11.8 -3.3 13.7 4.3 11.4 -4.2 13.8 4.5 11.4 -4.2 14.3 4.4 11.5 -3.9 14.8 4.4 13.3 -2.9 14.7 4.9 11.3 -3.0 14.7 5.5 10.3 -2.8 14.4 5.9 8.5 -2.7 14.1 6.2 8.4 -2.6 13.9 6.3 7.1 -2.9 15.3 6.4 7.4 -2.4 15.4 6.4 7.0 -3.1 15.2 6.3 8.2 -2.9 14.6 6.4 8.7 -2.4 13.5 6.4 9.0 -2.4 12.5 6.4 8.7 -2.5 11.1 6.6 9.6 -2.4 8.5 6.8 9.9 -2.5 7.1 6.7 9.2 -2.6 7.0 6.9 8.9 -2.6 7.4 6.5 9.7 -2.6 8.5 6.5 7.8 -3.0 8.7 7.5 8.6 -2.9 8.5 6.8 16.8 -2.6 5.3 8.4 8.3 -2.4 5.7 8.6 9.0 -2.5 6.4 8.0 10.4 -2.9 6.2 8.6 7.6 -2.7 6.4 Table 8.3 - PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY: 1962 - 2024 Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Programmatic Undistrib Net uted Other Offsetting Interest Means Social Total Medicare Medicaid Tested Other Receipts Security (2) Entitleme nts (1) 2014 100.0 33.6 17.0 16.6 66.4 59.8 62.4 24.1 14.4 8.6 8.6 6.7 -2.5 6.5 2015 100.0 31.7 15.8 15.9 68.3 62.2 65.3 23.9 14.6 9.5 8.6 8.8 -3.1 6.0 2016 100.0 30.8 15.2 15.6 69.2 63.0 65.5 23.6 15.3 9.6 8.4 8.6 -2.5 6.2 2017 100.0 30.1 14.8 15.3 69.9 63.3 65.5 23.6 14.9 9.4 8.2 9.5 -2.3 6.6 2018 100.0 30.7 15.2 15.5 69.3 61.4 63.8 23.9 14.2 9.5 7.9 8.3 -2.4 7.9 2019 est. 100.0 30.0 14.9 15.1 70.0 61.3 63.4 23.0 14.2 9.2 8.0 9.0 -2.1 8.7 2020 est. 100.0 30.0 15.3 14.7 70.0 59.9 62.2 23.2 14.3 8.8 7.2 8.7 -2.3 10.1 2021 est. 100.0 28.3 15.2 13.2 71.7 60.6 62.7 23.6 14.4 7.4 6.8 10.5 -2.1 11.1 2022 est. 100.0 26.5 14.6 11.9 73.5 61.7 63.7 23.8 15.5 6.9 6.8 10.8 -2.0 11.8 2023 est. 100.0 25.4 14.3 11.1 74.6 62.1 64.0 24.5 15.4 7.0 6.7 10.4 -1.9 12.5 2024 est. 100.0 24.7 14.2 10.5 75.3 62.4 64.3 25.4 15.4 7.0 6.5 10.0 -1.9 12.9 (1) See the Section Notes for Section 8 in the Historical Tables Introduction for a list of mandatory accounts classified as means-tested entitlements. (2) Including asset sales. Fiscal Year Total National NonOutlays Total Total Defense defense Total 141 Table 8.4 - OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1962 - 2024 Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Programmatic Fiscal Year Total National NonOutlays Total Total Defense defense Total Total 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 18.2 18.0 17.9 16.7 17.2 18.8 19.8 18.7 18.7 18.8 19.0 18.2 18.2 20.7 20.8 20.3 20.2 20.2 19.6 21.2 21.6 22.5 22.9 21.6 22.2 21.9 21.1 20.7 20.6 21.2 21.7 21.5 20.8 20.4 20.0 19.6 18.9 18.5 18.0 17.7 17.7 18.6 19.1 19.1 19.3 19.5 19.1 20.2 24.4 23.3 23.4 22.0 20.8 12.3 12.2 12.0 11.0 11.5 12.7 13.1 12.0 11.5 11.0 10.6 9.6 9.3 9.8 9.8 10.2 9.7 9.6 9.4 9.9 9.8 9.8 10.0 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.3 9.0 8.8 8.5 8.8 8.3 8.0 7.5 7.2 6.7 6.5 6.2 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.8 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.7 8.6 9.1 8.7 7.9 7.2 9.0 8.7 8.3 7.2 7.6 8.6 9.2 8.4 7.8 7.1 6.5 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.6 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.1 5.2 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.4 4.8 5.5 4.9 5.0 4.8 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.4 4.2 3.8 3.5 5.9 5.8 6.0 5.7 5.7 6.1 6.7 6.8 7.2 7.8 8.4 8.5 8.8 10.9 11.0 10.2 10.5 10.6 10.3 11.3 11.8 12.7 12.9 12.0 12.4 12.2 11.7 11.7 11.8 12.8 13.0 13.2 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.9 12.5 12.3 11.9 11.6 11.5 11.8 11.8 11.6 11.7 12.0 11.8 12.5 15.8 14.2 14.6 14.0 13.6 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.9 5.5 5.5 5.8 6.5 7.1 7.2 7.4 9.4 9.5 8.7 9.0 9.0 8.6 9.4 9.6 10.1 10.3 9.1 9.4 9.2 8.8 8.7 8.7 9.6 9.8 10.1 9.9 10.0 9.8 9.9 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.4 9.6 10.2 10.5 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.1 10.8 14.5 12.9 13.2 12.6 12.2 Social Medicare Medicaid Security 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.7 6.4 6.3 6.7 7.4 7.9 8.2 8.5 10.3 10.3 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.3 10.1 10.5 10.9 11.3 10.0 10.2 9.9 9.7 9.6 9.5 10.3 10.4 10.7 10.5 10.5 10.4 10.4 10.2 10.2 9.9 9.8 10.0 10.6 11.0 10.8 10.8 10.9 10.7 11.4 15.1 13.5 13.7 13.3 12.8 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.9 142 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.0 * * * * 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 Undistrib Net uted Other Offsetting Interest Means Tested Other Receipts (2) Entitleme nts (1) 0.7 2.5 -0.9 1.2 0.7 2.3 -0.9 1.3 0.7 2.4 -0.9 1.2 0.7 2.2 -0.8 1.2 0.6 2.0 -0.8 1.2 0.6 2.2 -0.9 1.2 0.6 2.4 -0.9 1.2 0.6 2.1 -0.8 1.3 0.7 2.3 -0.8 1.4 0.9 2.5 -0.9 1.3 1.0 2.7 -0.8 1.3 0.9 2.9 -1.0 1.3 1.0 2.9 -1.1 1.4 1.2 3.9 -0.8 1.4 1.2 3.7 -0.8 1.5 1.1 3.0 -0.9 1.5 1.2 3.0 -0.7 1.5 1.1 3.1 -0.7 1.6 1.0 2.8 -0.7 1.7 1.1 3.2 -0.7 1.9 1.1 3.2 -0.9 2.2 1.1 3.3 -0.8 2.6 1.1 3.5 -1.0 2.5 1.0 2.6 -0.8 2.8 0.9 2.8 -0.8 3.0 0.9 2.6 -0.7 3.0 0.9 2.4 -0.9 2.9 0.9 2.4 -0.9 3.0 0.9 2.4 -0.8 3.0 0.9 2.8 -0.6 3.1 1.1 2.5 -0.6 3.2 1.2 2.2 -0.6 3.1 1.2 1.8 -0.6 2.9 1.3 1.7 -0.5 2.8 1.3 1.4 -0.6 3.1 1.2 1.4 -0.5 3.0 1.2 1.3 -0.6 2.9 1.2 1.5 -0.5 2.7 1.2 1.6 -0.4 2.4 1.1 1.6 -0.4 2.2 1.1 1.5 -0.4 2.0 1.2 1.8 -0.4 1.6 1.3 1.9 -0.5 1.4 1.3 1.8 -0.5 1.3 1.3 1.7 -0.5 1.4 1.3 1.9 -0.5 1.7 1.2 1.5 -0.6 1.7 1.5 1.7 -0.6 1.7 1.7 4.1 -0.6 1.3 2.0 1.9 -0.6 1.3 2.0 2.1 -0.6 1.5 1.8 2.3 -0.6 1.4 1.8 1.6 -0.6 1.3 Table 8.4 - OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1962 - 2024 Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Programmatic Fiscal Year Total National NonOutlays Total Total Defense defense Total Total Social Medicare Medicaid Security Undistrib Net uted Other Offsetting Interest Means Tested Other Receipts (2) Entitleme nts (1) 1.7 1.4 -0.5 1.3 1.8 1.8 -0.6 1.2 1.8 1.8 -0.5 1.3 1.7 2.0 -0.5 1.4 1.6 1.7 -0.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 -0.5 1.8 1.5 1.8 -0.5 2.1 1.4 2.2 -0.4 2.3 1.4 2.3 -0.4 2.5 1.4 2.1 -0.4 2.6 1.3 2.0 -0.4 2.6 2014 20.2 6.8 3.4 3.4 13.4 12.1 12.6 4.9 2.9 1.7 2015 20.4 6.5 3.2 3.3 13.9 12.7 13.3 4.9 3.0 1.9 2016 20.8 6.4 3.2 3.2 14.4 13.1 13.6 4.9 3.2 2.0 2017 20.7 6.2 3.1 3.2 14.4 13.1 13.5 4.9 3.1 1.9 2018 20.3 6.2 3.1 3.2 14.1 12.5 12.9 4.9 2.9 1.9 2019 est. 21.3 6.4 3.2 3.2 14.9 13.0 13.5 4.9 3.0 2.0 2020 est. 21.2 6.4 3.2 3.1 14.8 12.7 13.2 4.9 3.0 1.9 2021 est. 21.0 5.9 3.2 2.8 15.0 12.7 13.2 4.9 3.0 1.6 2022 est. 20.9 5.5 3.1 2.5 15.4 12.9 13.3 5.0 3.2 1.4 2023 est. 20.5 5.2 2.9 2.3 15.3 12.7 13.1 5.0 3.2 1.4 2024 est. 20.0 4.9 2.8 2.1 15.0 12.5 12.8 5.1 3.1 1.4 * 0.05 percent or less (1) See the Section Notes for Section 8 in the Historical Tables Introduction for a list of mandatory accounts classified as means-tested entitlements. (2) Including asset sales. 143 Table 8.5 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $500 thousand or less. 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 310 382 334 356 504 882 1,017 943 1,281 1,420 103 .......... .......... 8 110 .......... 157 .......... .......... 12 169 .......... 210 .......... .......... 15 225 .......... 272 .......... .......... 24 296 .......... 770 .......... .......... 38 808 .......... 1,173 .......... .......... 26 1,199 2,525 1,806 .......... .......... 24 1,830 4,427 2,285 .......... .......... 35 2,319 5,396 2,727 .......... .......... 38 2,765 5,848 3,362 .......... .......... 64 3,426 6,225 652 1,951 3,499 275 .......... 2,329 .......... .......... .......... .......... -2 8,704 14,047 622 2,233 3,127 284 .......... 2,572 .......... .......... .......... .......... -3 8,835 15,456 671 2,546 2,912 308 .......... 2,734 .......... .......... .......... .......... -43 9,129 16,247 643 2,858 2,342 299 .......... 2,787 .......... .......... .......... .......... 13 8,943 17,077 708 3,319 1,964 363 .......... 2,758 .......... .......... .......... .......... -* 9,112 20,257 702 3,789 1,994 418 .......... 2,720 .......... .......... .......... .......... 14 9,638 21,292 912 4,271 2,266 505 .......... 3,166 .......... .......... .......... .......... 13 11,133 23,293 1,002 4,767 2,293 587 .......... 3,618 .......... .......... .......... .......... 21 12,287 26,700 997 5,528 3,074 960 .......... 4,142 .......... .......... .......... .......... -5 14,696 29,647 1,574 6,567 5,749 2,179 .......... 5,486 .......... .......... .......... .......... -2 21,553 35,131 3,970 393 4,363 27,535 4,208 -10 4,198 29,040 4,148 123 4,271 30,206 4,216 55 4,271 30,944 4,185 237 4,422 35,103 4,547 605 5,151 40,688 4,668 687 5,355 47,055 5,041 801 5,842 53,486 5,552 1,060 6,612 60,848 5,973 1,481 7,454 75,209 -206 132 -50 3,192 -394 .......... 477 37 -218 .......... .......... -5,274 2,626 322 27,857 -318 62 -113 3,930 -423 .......... -879 47 -127 .......... .......... -5,797 2,860 -757 28,283 -281 341 -114 4,118 -436 .......... -323 39 -129 .......... .......... -5,708 3,481 988 31,193 -403 569 -131 3,433 -389 .......... -87 68 -96 .......... .......... -5,908 3,844 900 31,844 -887 518 -132 1,851 -486 .......... 1,880 96 -99 .......... .......... -6,542 3,701 -101 35,002 -573 218 -54 2,327 -401 .......... 2,137 107 -144 .......... .......... -7,294 3,712 35 40,723 -226 430 -3 3,783 -522 .......... 2,700 101 -140 .......... .......... -8,045 3,933 2,011 49,066 -218 519 -10 5,062 -603 .......... -554 76 -1 .......... .......... -7,986 3,852 137 53,623 -220 367 12 4,340 -501 .......... 513 101 29 .......... .......... -8,632 4,159 166 61,015 -137 389 148 3,406 -383 .......... 63 266 -5 .......... .......... -10,107 3,952 -2,409 72,800 9,120 9,895 10,666 11,346 12,014 13,391 14,573 16,588 19,304 20,959 -824 -609 -797 6,889 34,746 -895 -582 -678 7,740 36,022 -1,006 -607 -855 8,199 39,392 -1,121 -648 -986 8,591 40,435 -1,259 -642 -727 9,386 44,389 -1,492 -792 -839 10,268 50,991 -1,689 -979 -816 11,090 60,156 -1,953 -1,149 -788 12,699 66,322 -2,367 -1,568 -989 14,380 75,395 -2,820 -1,942 -1,356 14,841 87,641 144 Table 8.5 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $500 thousand or less. 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 2,536 2,196 2,240 2,955 3,159 835 3,443 4,298 5,275 6,048 4,601 .......... .......... 75 4,677 7,024 4,600 .......... .......... 189 4,789 7,613 5,818 .......... .......... 166 5,984 8,972 6,840 .......... .......... 269 7,109 12,214 8,568 .......... .......... 450 9,019 14,997 2,229 .......... .......... 115 2,343 4,043 9,876 .......... .......... 491 10,367 18,576 10,680 .......... .......... 550 11,230 21,832 12,407 .......... .......... 574 12,981 25,507 13,957 .......... .......... 741 14,698 31,010 1,771 7,665 6,640 3,218 .......... 6,559 .......... .......... .......... .......... -31 25,822 39,364 2,554 8,880 4,887 3,641 .......... 5,922 .......... .......... .......... .......... -20 25,864 48,176 2,706 10,762 5,589 4,433 1,954 5,423 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 30,868 54,990 4,661 13,199 12,806 6,643 4,320 5,121 .......... .......... .......... .......... -69 46,680 63,557 2,971 15,452 18,565 7,809 4,573 5,849 808 .......... .......... .......... -2 56,025 72,699 1,158 4,262 3,789 1,782 1,165 1,606 86 .......... .......... .......... 7 13,855 19,458 3,277 17,700 14,331 8,233 4,772 6,351 901 .......... .......... .......... -39 55,525 83,690 3,082 19,814 10,886 8,437 5,280 6,639 881 .......... .......... .......... -1 55,018 92,447 4,025 22,631 9,837 10,109 4,865 6,610 773 .......... .......... .......... 63 58,914 102,594 4,731 26,565 16,889 13,114 5,716 7,308 1,275 .......... .......... .......... 153 75,752 117,053 6,354 1,632 7,987 87,409 6,540 2,413 8,953 97,592 6,794 3,221 10,016 113,068 7,877 4,585 12,462 144,979 8,369 5,514 13,883 169,782 2,085 718 2,803 43,338 9,229 3,550 12,779 184,380 9,759 3,345 13,104 197,929 10,793 2,888 13,680 218,951 11,700 2,303 14,004 258,564 -164 200 203 4,315 -597 .......... 912 376 -1 .......... .......... -9,583 3,588 -750 86,660 -414 -681 163 3,886 -808 .......... -231 1,041 6,489 .......... .......... -13,409 4,336 373 97,964 -1,373 -487 614 1,249 -613 .......... 2,901 772 6,260 .......... .......... -16,749 4,061 -3,366 109,703 -1,107 -1,058 1,179 1,950 508 .......... 6,588 644 6,653 .......... .......... -13,602 4,389 6,144 151,123 -257 -1,026 1,615 2,050 -573 .......... 5,428 793 6,161 .......... .......... -14,386 -98 -294 169,488 -44 -857 404 701 -63 .......... -159 227 1,789 .......... .......... -4,206 -159 -2,367 40,971 -276 -1,660 1,985 5,541 -2,788 .......... 2,426 964 6,895 .......... .......... -14,879 -342 -2,136 182,244 -153 -1,060 2,697 9,998 -988 .......... 3,872 996 7,324 .......... .......... -15,720 -316 6,650 204,578 -434 -1,683 3,070 9,658 -1,745 .......... 2,630 1,233 7,516 .......... .......... -17,476 -320 2,447 221,398 -634 -61 4,008 7,240 -375 .......... 4,686 1,816 7,762 .......... .......... -19,942 -979 3,520 262,085 21,849 24,167 29,319 32,665 37,076 8,104 41,915 48,712 59,855 74,803 -2,983 -2,106 -1,282 15,478 102,137 -3,156 -2,280 -1,382 17,349 115,313 -4,064 -2,520 -1,286 21,449 131,152 -4,861 -2,803 -1,756 23,244 174,368 -4,988 -2,812 -2,549 26,727 196,215 -177 -93 -885 6,949 47,919 -5,488 -2,650 -3,875 29,901 212,145 -6,128 -2,403 -4,724 35,458 240,036 -7,727 -2,224 -7,271 42,633 264,030 -9,707 -2,339 -10,224 52,533 314,618 145 Table 8.5 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $500 thousand or less. 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 7,820 7,066 5,868 7,044 6,786 6,981 6,253 6,632 8,211 9,297 16,833 .......... .......... 931 17,764 37,927 17,391 .......... .......... 1,071 18,462 45,312 18,985 .......... .......... 1,119 20,104 51,245 20,061 .......... .......... 1,426 21,487 56,009 22,655 .......... .......... 1,284 23,939 64,087 24,995 .......... .......... 706 25,702 68,445 27,435 .......... .......... 1,875 29,311 73,393 30,462 .......... .......... 1,870 32,332 76,906 34,604 .......... .......... 721 35,325 82,710 41,103 .......... .......... 1,733 42,836 95,803 5,053 31,243 18,319 15,085 6,467 8,175 1,318 .......... .......... 557 891 87,109 137,881 5,149 34,289 22,278 14,442 6,864 7,990 1,201 .......... .......... 418 675 93,306 153,916 5,101 36,456 29,568 16,493 7,894 8,391 1,213 .......... .......... 410 550 106,075 168,513 4,984 38,006 17,019 16,345 7,633 8,854 1,193 .......... .......... 659 1,222 95,915 176,052 5,168 38,541 15,844 16,683 8,654 9,224 1,100 .......... .......... 749 13,861 109,824 186,432 4,899 41,310 16,135 16,638 9,323 9,877 1,415 .......... .......... 808 942 101,347 196,547 5,133 43,692 15,475 16,859 9,933 10,540 1,410 .......... .......... 802 1,378 105,221 205,072 4,882 46,813 13,641 17,832 11,370 10,764 2,698 .......... .......... 1,004 1,180 110,183 216,808 5,179 49,102 13,940 18,914 11,503 11,166 4,002 .......... .......... 1,344 736 115,886 230,395 4,673 51,916 17,128 21,338 11,493 12,246 4,354 .......... .......... 1,579 424 125,151 246,495 12,921 2,446 15,367 303,869 13,723 2,037 15,760 333,822 14,263 1,603 15,867 367,672 14,412 1,569 15,981 372,489 14,728 1,171 15,899 406,966 15,047 614 15,662 414,684 14,978 713 15,692 434,940 15,980 1,710 17,690 460,550 16,562 1,295 17,857 490,384 15,261 777 16,038 535,620 -452 -544 4,831 9,559 -1,383 .......... 5,316 1,509 6,087 .......... .......... -28,041 810 -2,307 301,562 -625 -582 4,914 14,174 -2,085 .......... 4,759 1,670 5,202 .......... .......... -26,099 -391 937 334,759 21 -1,755 2,870 21,189 -1,156 .......... 4,321 1,477 5,230 .......... .......... -33,976 -646 -2,425 365,247 -635 -398 58 11,653 -841 42 4,084 1,356 5,311 .......... .......... -31,957 94 -11,232 361,257 -366 -1,221 -893 23,446 -2,151 108 2,698 1,008 4,872 .......... .......... -32,698 -694 -5,892 401,074 -459 -3,562 -331 29,414 1,512 169 508 1,101 5,314 .......... .......... -33,007 502 1,161 415,845 -521 -1,679 -369 24,493 3,099 253 2,401 617 257 .......... -7,736 -34,581 70 -13,695 421,245 -559 -1,482 -671 15,053 10,013 349 6,546 1,373 1,420 .......... -7,714 -36,967 284 -12,355 448,195 -479 -1,025 -2,175 14,454 22,003 499 3,898 1,254 1,098 .......... -7,096 -37,212 326 -4,454 485,930 -821 -5,212 -1,420 9,288 57,946 648 5,172 1,197 1,545 .......... -85 -36,615 806 32,448 568,068 95,535 117,227 128,653 153,866 178,871 190,272 195,242 214,047 240,845 264,691 -11,523 -2,288 -12,958 68,766 370,328 -13,995 -2,071 -16,129 85,032 419,790 -15,257 -1,845 -21,743 89,808 455,054 -17,044 -3,310 -22,410 111,102 472,358 -21,838 -4,118 -23,438 129,478 530,552 -26,628 -4,329 -23,298 136,017 551,862 -29,614 -5,290 -21,727 138,611 559,856 -34,406 -7,416 -20,422 151,803 599,998 -40,467 -11,395 -20,003 168,981 654,911 -46,321 -15,991 -18,032 184,347 752,415 146 Table 8.5 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $500 thousand or less. 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 10,634 8,720 10,911 5,713 12,081 9,840 9,300 7,943 5,442 4,788 52,533 .......... .......... 2,471 55,004 102,045 67,827 .......... .......... 3,694 71,521 116,178 75,774 .......... .......... 3,975 79,750 127,903 82,034 .......... .......... 4,561 86,595 141,834 89,070 .......... .......... 4,304 93,374 156,884 91,990 .......... .......... 4,783 96,773 171,272 95,552 .......... .......... 5,321 100,873 187,441 101,234 .......... 5 5,292 106,531 190,233 108,042 .......... 565 5,464 114,071 187,694 117,921 .......... 1,220 5,441 124,582 194,115 4,439 56,035 25,112 25,690 14,668 13,520 4,885 .......... .......... 2,120 238 146,706 266,765 4,986 57,492 36,999 29,502 17,239 15,103 7,345 .......... .......... 2,505 164 171,335 285,167 3,888 59,963 35,461 31,739 20,343 15,628 8,781 .......... .......... 2,628 180 178,612 301,985 5,272 62,396 26,440 33,038 23,700 16,508 10,950 .......... .......... 2,985 132 181,421 316,913 4,697 65,741 21,305 33,515 23,583 17,133 15,244 .......... .......... 3,226 145 184,589 333,273 4,847 67,934 22,583 33,747 22,938 16,670 19,159 .......... .......... 3,691 167 191,736 347,051 4,328 71,389 20,595 31,664 25,367 16,467 21,856 .......... .......... 4,047 -123 195,590 362,296 4,247 73,343 19,586 29,208 26,111 17,485 23,239 .......... .......... 4,451 -830 196,840 376,119 1,492 74,982 21,356 28,700 26,698 19,171 25,632 445 .......... 4,707 -663 202,520 386,991 4,817 77,003 20,742 28,021 29,511 20,607 26,099 809 .......... 5,453 -764 212,298 406,048 16,981 535 17,516 598,670 17,318 1,608 18,925 671,846 17,781 2,038 19,819 718,979 19,638 1,201 20,840 753,315 18,993 1,437 20,430 800,631 18,228 1,121 19,349 836,021 20,435 252 20,687 876,187 21,350 1,909 23,259 900,925 22,184 1,599 23,783 920,501 24,906 1,343 26,249 968,080 -46,419 -3,852 -1,973 12,372 66,168 769 5,987 649 1,331 .......... .......... -39,356 2,153 -2,170 596,499 -4,256 -3,070 -897 11,030 2,612 826 4,856 433 1,975 .......... .......... -39,280 2,306 -23,465 648,382 -1,346 -4,352 -1,240 16,109 -27,988 866 3,166 684 1,185 .......... .......... -37,386 2,242 -48,060 670,919 -626 -3,745 -1,184 10,648 -7,601 890 1,630 -246 -391 .......... .......... -37,772 2,562 -35,835 717,480 -1,499 -3,672 -1,829 5,782 -17,859 929 -3,725 548 1,609 .......... -7,644 -36,811 2,387 -61,784 738,847 -213 -4,856 -3,122 5,026 -8,405 957 -4,710 308 244 .......... -342 -37,278 3,068 -49,323 786,698 -1,172 -3,736 -3,431 4,946 -14,386 1,001 -2,827 281 817 .......... -11,006 -38,967 2,388 -66,092 810,095 -2,056 -5,097 -2,440 7,880 -4,372 1,769 3,203 -424 4,020 .......... -7,800 -39,394 3,131 -41,580 859,345 -694 -4,237 -2,217 18,448 -5,282 3,293 4,218 -97 3,376 .......... -1,753 -38,692 3,110 -20,527 899,974 -602 -4,019 -3,719 31,943 -3,054 4,074 -2,221 -840 1,154 .......... -150 -42,431 3,160 -16,705 951,375 285,421 292,294 292,479 296,253 332,379 343,918 355,764 363,759 353,463 361,925 -50,426 -20,222 -20,325 194,448 790,948 -54,193 -23,637 -15,120 199,344 847,726 -55,537 -26,788 -11,442 198,713 869,632 -56,494 -29,203 -7,623 202,932 920,412 -59,871 -33,305 -7,069 232,134 970,981 -60,869 -36,507 -5,489 241,053 1,027,751 -63,776 -41,214 -6,790 243,984 1,054,079 -67,208 -46,629 -8,804 241,118 1,100,463 -66,520 -52,070 -5,118 229,755 1,129,729 -69,290 -59,796 -9,890 222,949 1,174,324 147 Table 8.5 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $500 thousand or less. 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2,798 7,785 11,324 12,755 18,430 37,770 11,851 9,324 -21,765 -5,735 129,374 .......... 3,699 6,003 139,076 214,061 147,512 .......... 3,682 5,889 157,083 227,699 160,693 .......... 4,355 10,250 175,298 245,709 176,231 .......... 4,607 11,548 192,386 264,890 181,720 .......... 5,129 13,218 200,067 294,334 180,625 .......... 5,451 15,316 201,392 324,879 190,624 .......... 6,000 17,378 214,002 370,775 201,426 .......... 6,900 18,224 226,550 385,817 250,924 .......... 7,547 19,263 277,734 425,095 272,771 .......... 7,887 23,024 303,682 446,477 5,395 80,821 27,909 29,428 25,875 24,205 26,123 982 .......... 5,711 -636 225,813 429,368 5,373 83,193 50,663 33,240 29,378 25,112 27,826 5,060 .......... 5,885 -998 264,732 452,073 6,677 84,994 54,403 37,435 30,445 26,023 31,961 6,435 .......... 6,124 -845 283,652 470,453 6,225 88,540 42,384 40,699 31,228 24,235 33,134 8,857 .......... 6,340 -846 280,796 491,537 6,637 93,189 32,312 45,375 35,284 24,167 34,559 14,624 .......... 6,427 -961 291,613 518,712 4,250 98,096 31,048 48,385 34,327 24,035 36,166 15,473 .......... 6,352 -15 298,117 543,911 7,496 103,711 32,454 48,664 32,799 24,164 38,274 16,159 .......... 6,563 -674 309,610 581,442 8,584 108,713 42,703 53,973 38,020 25,072 40,600 34,019 .......... 6,750 14,626 373,060 612,110 7,903 117,863 119,114 71,754 41,365 26,237 42,418 24,284 663 6,859 11,278 469,738 677,726 6,243 119,664 157,011 87,820 43,878 27,566 54,712 22,659 13,694 6,972 12,387 552,606 700,752 22,497 85 22,582 1,033,698 26,718 126 26,844 1,136,216 29,091 2,167 31,258 1,217,694 30,849 308 31,157 1,273,521 35,767 3,871 39,638 1,362,794 35,770 1,637 37,407 1,443,476 35,683 1,834 37,517 1,525,197 41,338 2,126 43,464 1,650,325 45,870 2,749 48,619 1,877,147 49,050 8,416 57,466 2,055,248 -1,343 -5,994 -2,888 21,294 -1,568 4,947 962 -556 1,719 .......... -1,024 -45,987 4,378 -26,060 1,007,638 -496 -3,879 -2,500 16,800 -1,026 5,108 -5,460 -1,075 2,838 .......... -1 -47,391 6,861 -30,221 1,105,995 -209 -6,632 -3,797 16,854 -1,431 8,403 -5,626 -648 7,860 .......... .......... -54,382 4,401 -35,207 1,182,487 1,756 -6,885 -3,553 9,685 -1,979 12,790 -5,687 156 6,275 .......... .......... -58,537 9,989 -35,990 1,237,531 1,691 -4,455 -3,366 20,591 -1,372 7,726 -862 1,343 501 .......... -160 -65,064 63 -43,364 1,319,430 1,853 -6,358 -2,479 20,011 -1,111 7,562 -2,092 16,137 2,150 .......... -111 -68,139 924 -31,653 1,411,823 3,390 -6,466 -4,482 11,632 -1,493 7,478 -7,239 -43 1,570 .......... -13,700 -68,538 2,681 -75,210 1,449,987 3,632 -8,512 -3,236 9,968 18,736 7,882 -1,794 -160 3,466 .......... -1,779 -84,463 838 -55,422 1,594,903 4,288 -5,476 -1,024 15,988 22,546 8,091 253,192 2,526 4,269 .......... -16,690 -75,949 4,331 216,092 2,093,239 4,631 -418 1,497 14,585 -32,066 8,857 -65,627 549 3,564 .......... -197 -81,919 5,015 -141,529 1,913,719 359,476 332,537 318,141 321,679 352,345 405,866 429,966 451,143 383,073 413,934 -75,302 -68,811 -9,196 206,167 1,213,805 -76,494 -76,819 -8,275 170,949 1,276,944 -72,523 -83,544 -9,001 153,073 1,335,560 -67,761 -86,228 -7,445 160,245 1,397,776 -69,153 -91,836 -7,370 183,986 1,503,416 -71,574 -97,722 -9,967 226,603 1,638,426 -71,964 -106,003 -14,890 237,109 1,687,096 -77,821 -113,718 -6,847 252,757 1,847,660 -63,600 -117,954 -14,617 186,902 2,280,141 -67,268 -118,502 -31,970 196,194 2,109,913 148 Table 8.5 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $500 thousand or less. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 estimate 2020 estimate -15,144 -4,588 -15,108 -1,485 32,636 17,961 52,116 2,508 43,265 17,300 274,964 .......... 8,629 26,165 309,758 479,923 250,534 .......... 9,065 26,830 286,429 466,018 265,392 .......... 9,469 26,384 301,245 491,809 301,472 13,068 9,314 29,868 353,722 505,303 349,762 27,213 9,233 40,162 426,370 539,873 368,280 30,827 14,305 41,510 454,922 588,361 374,682 39,144 16,224 42,753 472,803 591,401 389,157 45,964 17,282 37,468 489,871 581,848 418,681 48,857 18,434 46,316 532,288 644,879 418,151 41,854 16,882 69,006 545,893 678,560 6,374 124,255 117,226 95,676 49,553 26,354 55,652 22,691 13,905 6,860 7,716 526,262 724,923 7,451 122,177 90,705 99,454 44,052 23,599 54,890 22,106 253 6,847 4,393 475,927 767,714 6,649 131,512 67,252 102,615 50,164 24,744 57,513 21,608 -11 6,770 3,828 472,644 807,841 8,472 134,445 42,623 96,231 51,356 23,837 60,087 21,490 .......... 6,868 4,025 449,434 844,876 7,486 139,006 31,572 97,778 52,175 23,533 60,084 20,592 .......... 7,314 3,908 443,448 881,891 3,468 144,597 32,175 95,797 56,557 23,063 60,580 20,188 .......... 7,700 3,848 447,973 910,282 4,213 142,039 30,446 93,367 51,851 23,521 59,749 19,408 .......... 7,712 3,713 436,019 939,204 5,980 140,555 28,066 91,988 47,798 23,576 58,640 18,597 .......... 8,581 2,053 425,834 982,015 5,656 148,511 26,779 95,877 52,962 24,187 60,666 35,506 .......... 7,876 1,644 459,664 1,041,165 6,113 151,756 28,082 73,524 53,342 23,123 62,551 35,595 .......... 8,435 1,637 444,158 1,101,737 58,737 11,742 70,479 2,096,201 55,897 11,678 67,575 2,059,075 65,889 14,088 79,977 2,138,408 70,905 15,580 86,485 2,238,335 76,360 15,760 92,120 2,416,338 86,796 19,415 106,211 2,525,710 86,093 18,634 104,727 2,596,270 85,535 15,452 100,987 2,583,063 101,157 15,080 116,237 2,837,498 109,792 16,198 125,990 2,913,638 6,162 -3,084 -1,972 14,267 -8,728 8,898 -10,695 -62 7,696 .......... -2,404 -86,063 5,750 -70,235 2,025,966 7,329 -2,705 1,981 11,789 6,636 9,391 24,812 909 8,500 .......... -12,992 -90,544 6,269 -28,625 2,030,450 7,696 -695 3,735 24,019 4,260 9,145 -82,630 5,397 10,133 .......... -2,588 -90,197 4,951 -106,774 2,031,634 7,008 -2,915 -157 18,846 -13,853 9,301 -83,477 -1,374 11,149 .......... -1,221 -86,823 3,642 -139,874 2,098,461 6,274 -3,302 2,027 12,197 -12,843 9,194 -24,297 -861 4,838 .......... -30,128 -85,675 2,766 -119,810 2,296,528 8,541 -6,449 -1,572 12,225 -13,087 10,064 -25,111 -716 6,379 .......... -8,436 -86,815 6,597 -98,380 2,427,330 8,530 -5,019 -556 13,070 -12,135 10,178 -16,096 2,457 6,418 .......... -1,750 -88,076 5,478 -77,501 2,518,769 8,467 -1,463 -2,749 15,676 -15,889 9,844 761 6,484 6,956 .......... -5,896 -91,973 9,177 -60,605 2,522,458 10,240 -748 -3,325 29,904 -6,618 10,341 -28,481 2,444 7,639 164 -1,140 -95,801 14,462 -60,919 2,776,579 11,835 -1,092 -1,959 12,507 -4,435 10,573 -14,950 743 11,413 1,394 -3,120 -107,254 11,549 -72,796 2,840,842 453,987 359,219 415,651 429,538 402,429 429,950 456,921 521,553 593,100 679,707 -72,030 -115,981 -36,014 229,962 2,255,928 -14,753 -112,393 -11,665 220,408 2,250,858 -51,015 -105,650 -38,101 220,885 2,252,519 -57,848 -100,266 -42,468 228,956 2,327,417 -45,823 -95,968 -37,457 223,181 2,519,709 -55,536 -90,575 -43,806 240,033 2,667,363 -60,543 -86,512 -47,315 262,551 2,781,320 -66,343 -83,809 -46,426 324,975 2,847,433 -66,138 -82,743 -50,721 393,498 3,170,077 -65,797 -81,619 -53,479 478,812 3,319,654 149 Table 8.5 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) 2021 estimate Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $500 thousand or less. 150 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate 14,402 11,371 8,254 5,702 368,390 41,884 15,191 161,195 586,660 711,071 357,307 43,264 15,932 152,650 569,153 799,939 373,545 44,275 16,709 152,435 586,964 821,791 380,725 45,324 17,553 156,746 600,348 839,817 4,653 156,063 29,597 73,429 54,119 23,481 62,953 32,847 .......... 8,873 1,130 447,145 1,165,492 5,283 164,934 31,837 74,951 60,437 23,563 64,281 32,717 .......... 9,123 743 467,869 1,233,983 5,795 163,369 34,112 77,093 57,663 23,629 65,635 33,701 .......... 9,752 373 471,122 1,306,913 5,992 162,282 35,944 78,244 54,434 23,538 67,039 33,692 .......... 10,007 -57 471,115 1,384,314 116,599 15,096 131,695 3,056,465 133,461 15,618 149,079 3,231,394 132,620 15,384 148,004 3,343,048 130,835 15,090 145,925 3,447,221 12,620 -1,160 -9,824 11,957 -2,391 10,363 -21,028 990 11,154 20,218 -600 -101,225 9,890 -59,036 2,997,429 13,159 2,066 -3,730 12,707 1,119 10,135 -22,881 1,093 11,851 33,633 -1,080 -102,454 8,033 -36,349 3,195,045 12,775 90 -4,720 11,908 4,726 10,123 -27,112 873 11,316 42,342 -570 -101,227 6,564 -32,912 3,310,136 12,340 139 -5,735 11,457 7,658 10,150 -27,355 1,079 11,008 33,203 -625 -101,803 6,074 -42,410 3,404,811 753,613 825,437 885,745 932,220 -69,601 -80,594 -55,914 547,504 3,544,933 -77,961 -78,040 -59,553 609,883 3,804,928 -82,628 -76,729 -62,697 663,691 3,973,827 -89,650 -74,754 -66,122 701,694 4,106,505 Table 8.6 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $50 million or less. 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 2.6 3.0 2.5 2.6 3.7 6.8 7.6 6.8 8.7 9.2 0.6 .......... .......... * 0.6 .......... 0.9 .......... .......... * 1.0 .......... 1.2 .......... .......... 0.1 1.3 .......... 1.6 .......... .......... 0.1 1.7 .......... 4.3 .......... .......... 0.2 4.5 .......... 6.4 .......... .......... 0.1 6.5 13.0 9.6 .......... .......... 0.1 9.7 22.6 11.6 .......... .......... 0.2 11.8 26.5 13.2 .......... .......... 0.2 13.4 27.5 15.6 .......... .......... 0.3 15.9 28.2 3.9 11.4 20.8 1.6 .......... 13.9 .......... .......... .......... .......... -* 51.6 83.5 3.7 13.1 17.3 1.7 .......... 15.1 .......... .......... .......... .......... -* 50.8 90.8 3.9 14.7 16.2 1.8 .......... 15.9 .......... .......... .......... .......... -0.2 52.2 94.1 3.7 16.3 13.1 1.7 .......... 15.9 .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.1 50.8 97.6 4.0 18.6 10.9 2.0 .......... 15.5 .......... .......... .......... .......... -* 51.0 113.7 3.8 20.6 10.8 2.3 .......... 14.9 .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.1 52.5 116.4 4.8 22.6 12.0 2.7 .......... 16.8 .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.1 59.0 123.5 5.1 24.1 11.7 3.0 .......... 18.4 .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.1 62.3 135.8 4.8 26.7 14.9 4.7 .......... 20.1 .......... .......... .......... .......... -* 71.2 144.0 7.3 30.4 26.7 10.1 .......... 25.5 .......... .......... .......... .......... -* 100.1 163.3 22.6 2.3 24.9 163.3 23.8 -0.1 23.8 169.4 23.3 0.7 24.0 174.1 23.4 0.3 23.7 176.4 22.8 1.3 24.1 197.1 24.2 3.3 27.5 222.7 24.0 3.6 27.7 250.0 25.1 4.0 29.1 272.3 26.5 5.1 31.6 296.5 27.4 6.9 34.3 351.0 -1.7 1.1 -0.4 26.4 -3.2 .......... 3.9 0.3 -1.7 .......... .......... -48.9 23.6 -.6 162.6 -2.5 0.5 -0.9 30.5 -3.2 .......... -6.8 0.4 -0.8 .......... .......... -52.1 24.8 -10.0 159.4 -2.1 2.5 -0.8 30.7 -3.2 .......... -2.4 0.3 -0.8 .......... .......... -49.7 29.7 4.3 178.4 -3.1 4.0 -0.9 24.6 -2.7 .......... -0.6 0.5 -0.5 .......... .......... -48.7 32.0 4.6 181.0 -6.5 3.5 -0.9 13.0 -3.3 .......... 12.8 0.7 -0.4 .......... .......... -52.1 31.9 -1.2 195.9 -4.1 1.5 -0.3 16.1 -2.7 .......... 14.4 0.7 -0.6 .......... .......... -56.7 31.7 -* 222.7 -1.5 2.8 * 25.6 -3.4 .......... 17.8 0.7 -0.6 .......... .......... -60.3 32.3 13.3 263.3 -1.4 3.2 -* 32.0 -3.7 .......... -3.4 0.5 0.4 .......... .......... -56.0 29.9 1.4 273.7 -1.3 2.1 0.1 25.7 -2.9 .......... 3.0 0.6 0.6 .......... .......... -55.9 30.1 2.0 298.5 -0.8 2.1 0.8 18.5 -2.0 .......... 0.3 1.4 0.4 .......... .......... -59.4 27.5 -11.2 339.8 53.6 57.5 61.2 64.0 66.4 71.8 75.5 82.2 90.8 93.8 -4.8 -3.6 -4.7 40.5 203.2 -5.2 -3.4 -3.9 45.0 204.4 -5.8 -3.5 -4.9 47.1 225.5 -6.3 -3.7 -5.6 48.5 229.5 -7.0 -3.5 -4.0 51.9 247.7 -8.0 -4.2 -4.5 55.1 277.8 -8.7 -5.1 -4.2 57.5 320.8 -9.7 -5.7 -3.9 62.9 336.6 -11.1 -7.4 -4.7 67.6 366.1 -12.6 -8.7 -6.1 66.4 406.2 151 Table 8.6 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $50 million or less. 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 16.1 13.7 12.6 15.0 14.8 3.7 15.2 17.2 18.9 19.0 20.6 .......... .......... 0.3 20.9 30.8 19.9 .......... .......... 0.8 20.7 32.3 23.2 .......... .......... 0.6 23.9 35.1 24.8 .......... .......... 1.0 25.7 43.2 29.1 .......... .......... 1.6 30.7 50.2 7.3 .......... .......... 0.4 7.7 13.1 31.2 .......... .......... 1.6 32.8 57.9 31.7 .......... .......... 1.6 33.3 63.7 34.0 .......... .......... 1.6 35.5 68.8 34.5 .......... .......... 1.8 36.4 75.4 7.9 34.3 29.7 14.4 .......... 29.4 .......... .......... .......... .......... -0.1 115.6 176.3 11.0 38.3 21.1 15.7 .......... 25.6 .......... .......... .......... .......... -0.1 111.6 207.9 10.8 42.9 22.3 17.7 7.8 21.7 .......... .......... .......... .......... * 123.2 219.6 16.9 47.6 46.4 24.1 15.6 18.5 .......... .......... .......... .......... -0.2 168.8 230.1 10.1 52.4 63.1 26.5 15.5 19.9 2.7 .......... .......... .......... -* 190.3 247.1 3.8 14.0 12.7 5.9 3.8 5.3 0.3 .......... .......... .......... * 45.9 64.1 10.4 55.8 45.3 26.0 15.1 20.1 2.8 .......... .......... .......... -0.1 175.3 264.5 9.1 58.5 32.2 25.0 15.6 19.7 2.6 .......... .......... .......... -* 162.8 273.8 11.0 61.8 26.6 27.7 13.3 18.1 2.1 .......... .......... .......... 0.2 160.7 280.6 11.7 65.5 41.7 32.4 14.1 18.1 3.2 .......... .......... .......... 0.4 187.1 289.5 28.2 7.3 35.5 395.2 28.0 10.4 38.4 424.6 26.9 12.9 39.8 454.1 28.2 16.6 44.8 527.7 28.2 18.8 47.0 580.1 6.8 2.4 9.2 143.7 29.0 11.2 40.2 585.8 28.7 9.9 38.6 589.4 29.3 7.9 37.2 601.7 28.7 5.7 34.4 641.7 -0.9 1.0 1.0 21.7 -3.0 .......... 4.5 1.9 0.5 .......... .......... -52.3 24.6 -.9 394.3 -2.0 -3.2 0.8 18.6 -3.8 .......... -1.1 4.9 41.6 .......... .......... -69.2 27.8 14.4 439.0 -6.3 -2.2 2.8 5.8 -2.7 .......... 12.8 3.4 36.3 .......... .......... -81.4 23.9 -7.5 446.6 -4.7 -4.4 4.9 8.2 2.1 .......... 27.3 2.7 34.5 .......... .......... -61.5 23.1 32.3 560.0 -1.0 -3.9 6.2 8.0 -2.2 .......... 20.7 3.1 30.2 .......... .......... -60.1 0.1 1.1 581.1 -0.2 -3.2 1.5 2.7 -0.2 .......... -0.6 0.9 8.4 .......... .......... -17.1 -0.5 -8.3 135.4 -1.0 -5.9 7.1 19.7 -9.9 .......... 8.6 3.5 31.3 .......... .......... -57.6 -0.7 -5.0 580.9 -0.5 -3.6 9.1 33.7 -3.3 .......... 13.0 3.4 31.2 .......... .......... -57.2 -0.7 25.0 614.4 -1.4 -5.2 9.6 30.2 -5.4 .......... 8.2 3.9 29.2 .......... .......... -59.8 -0.4 8.8 610.5 -1.8 -0.2 11.7 21.1 -1.1 .......... 13.6 5.3 27.0 .......... .......... -62.9 -2.6 10.2 651.9 93.4 99.0 112.1 113.2 120.1 25.5 126.6 137.9 156.8 180.2 -12.7 -9.0 -5.5 66.1 460.5 -12.9 -9.3 -5.7 71.0 510.1 -15.5 -9.6 -4.9 82.0 528.6 -16.8 -9.7 -6.1 80.5 640.5 -16.2 -9.1 -8.3 86.6 667.7 -0.6 -0.3 -2.8 21.9 157.3 -16.6 -8.0 -11.7 90.3 671.2 -17.3 -6.8 -13.4 100.4 714.8 -20.2 -5.8 -19.0 111.7 722.2 -23.4 -5.6 -24.6 126.6 778.4 152 Table 8.6 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $50 million or less. 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 21.4 17.7 14.1 16.2 14.7 14.8 13.0 13.2 15.5 16.8 38.0 .......... .......... 2.1 40.1 84.1 36.9 .......... .......... 2.3 39.2 94.6 38.6 .......... .......... 2.2 40.8 102.2 39.2 .......... .......... 2.8 42.0 107.6 42.8 .......... .......... 2.3 45.1 119.1 46.0 .......... .......... 1.2 47.2 123.7 49.3 .......... .......... 3.4 52.7 129.1 52.7 .......... .......... 3.1 55.8 129.6 57.4 .......... .......... 0.4 57.8 132.0 65.5 .......... .......... 2.2 67.7 146.8 11.4 70.2 41.0 34.0 14.6 18.4 3.0 .......... .......... 1.3 2.0 195.9 310.8 10.8 72.6 47.2 30.7 14.6 17.0 2.6 .......... .......... 0.9 1.4 197.6 326.7 9.8 73.8 59.6 33.5 16.0 17.0 2.5 .......... .......... 0.8 1.1 214.1 342.1 9.4 74.0 30.7 32.0 14.9 17.3 2.3 .......... .......... 1.3 2.4 184.4 344.2 8.9 72.6 28.0 31.5 16.3 17.4 2.1 .......... .......... 1.4 26.2 204.5 352.2 8.1 75.7 28.4 30.6 17.2 18.2 2.6 .......... .......... 1.5 1.7 184.2 361.8 8.2 78.2 26.7 30.3 17.8 18.9 2.5 .......... .......... 1.4 2.5 186.6 368.0 7.4 80.6 22.6 30.8 19.7 18.6 4.7 .......... .......... 1.7 2.0 188.2 374.8 7.4 80.9 22.2 31.3 19.0 18.5 6.6 .......... .......... 2.2 1.2 189.5 381.5 5.7 82.1 27.1 34.0 18.3 19.5 6.9 .......... .......... 2.5 0.7 196.8 392.0 28.9 5.5 34.4 686.8 28.9 4.2 33.1 708.9 28.7 3.1 31.8 745.1 28.0 3.0 30.9 725.3 27.6 2.1 29.7 765.4 27.5 0.9 28.4 760.1 26.7 1.0 27.7 777.1 27.4 2.8 30.2 791.9 27.2 1.9 29.1 805.3 24.0 1.0 25.0 845.1 -1.2 -1.4 12.9 25.6 -3.7 .......... 14.2 4.0 18.9 .......... .......... -81.0 2.3 -9.4 677.4 -1.5 -1.5 12.5 36.1 -5.3 .......... 12.1 4.2 15.0 .......... .......... -71.8 -0.9 -1.0 707.9 * -4.3 7.1 52.6 -2.9 .......... 10.7 3.6 14.3 .......... .......... -90.4 -1.6 -10.9 734.2 -1.4 -0.9 0.2 27.5 -2.0 0.1 9.5 3.2 13.8 .......... .......... -82.8 0.2 -32.6 692.7 -0.8 -2.7 -2.0 52.9 -4.8 0.2 6.0 2.3 12.3 .......... .......... -81.3 -1.5 -19.3 746.0 -0.9 -8.0 -0.7 66.1 3.4 0.4 1.1 2.5 12.8 .......... .......... -81.1 1.1 -3.4 756.8 -1.0 -3.7 -0.8 53.8 6.8 0.6 5.3 1.4 0.6 .......... -17.4 -84.6 0.1 -39.0 738.0 -1.1 -3.1 -1.4 31.9 21.1 0.7 13.8 2.9 3.1 .......... -16.3 -87.7 0.5 -35.5 756.4 -0.9 -2.1 -4.5 30.0 45.7 1.0 8.1 2.6 2.3 .......... -14.7 -86.1 0.5 -18.1 787.3 -1.5 -10.8 -3.0 19.2 119.9 1.3 10.7 2.5 3.1 .......... -0.2 -82.4 1.3 60.1 905.2 209.6 240.4 252.8 291.9 328.4 341.7 342.9 364.1 393.8 417.5 -25.3 -5.0 -28.4 150.8 828.2 -28.7 -4.2 -33.1 174.4 882.3 -30.0 -3.6 -42.7 176.5 910.6 -32.3 -6.3 -42.5 210.8 903.5 -40.1 -7.6 -43.0 237.7 983.7 -47.8 -7.8 -41.8 244.2 1,001.0 -52.0 -9.3 -38.2 243.4 981.5 -58.5 -12.6 -34.7 258.3 1,014.7 -66.2 -18.6 -32.7 276.3 1,063.6 -73.1 -25.2 -28.4 290.8 1,196.0 153 Table 8.6 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $50 million or less. 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 18.5 15.0 17.8 10.1 18.7 15.1 14.0 11.9 8.4 7.3 80.6 .......... .......... 3.4 83.9 150.8 101.4 .......... .......... 5.4 106.8 168.9 110.5 .......... .......... 5.6 116.1 182.4 117.3 .......... .......... 6.3 123.7 197.6 124.7 .......... .......... 5.9 130.6 215.2 126.2 .......... .......... 6.6 132.8 230.9 128.5 .......... .......... 7.2 135.7 248.0 134.7 .......... * 7.1 141.8 248.5 142.0 .......... 0.7 7.2 150.0 242.7 151.5 .......... 1.6 6.9 160.0 245.7 5.0 85.3 38.3 39.3 22.4 20.7 7.5 .......... .......... 3.3 0.4 222.2 408.1 6.1 85.3 54.9 44.0 25.7 22.6 10.9 .......... .......... 3.7 0.2 253.6 425.1 4.5 86.8 51.4 46.2 29.6 22.8 12.8 .......... .......... 3.8 0.3 258.0 438.8 6.6 88.5 37.4 47.1 33.7 23.6 15.6 .......... .......... 4.3 0.2 256.9 450.9 5.9 91.4 29.6 46.8 32.8 24.0 21.2 .......... .......... 4.5 0.2 256.3 464.2 6.4 92.6 30.8 46.1 31.3 22.9 26.2 .......... .......... 5.1 0.2 261.5 473.8 5.5 95.4 27.5 42.4 33.9 22.1 29.2 .......... .......... 5.4 -0.2 261.4 484.8 5.3 97.0 25.9 38.8 34.6 23.3 30.8 .......... .......... 5.9 -1.3 260.2 498.7 1.7 98.0 27.9 37.7 35.0 25.2 33.6 0.6 .......... 6.2 -1.0 264.8 507.1 5.9 98.4 26.5 35.9 37.8 26.5 33.4 1.0 .......... 7.0 -1.1 271.3 519.8 25.8 0.6 26.4 910.0 25.7 2.3 28.0 997.4 25.7 2.9 28.6 1,041.6 27.9 1.6 29.5 1,068.7 26.4 2.0 28.4 1,113.4 24.8 1.5 26.3 1,140.3 27.3 0.1 27.4 1,171.3 28.3 2.4 30.7 1,191.8 29.0 1.9 31.0 1,204.0 31.9 1.5 33.4 1,237.4 -80.2 -7.6 -3.9 24.3 130.1 1.5 11.8 1.3 2.3 .......... .......... -83.6 3.9 * 910.0 -7.2 -5.5 -1.6 20.0 4.7 1.5 8.8 0.8 3.5 .......... .......... -80.6 4.1 -51.6 945.8 -2.3 -7.3 -2.1 27.1 -47.0 1.5 5.3 1.1 2.0 .......... .......... -72.9 3.9 -90.5 951.1 -1.0 -6.2 -1.9 17.7 -12.6 1.5 2.7 -0.4 -0.6 .......... .......... -70.5 4.4 -67.0 1,001.7 -2.5 -5.7 -2.8 9.0 -27.8 1.4 -5.8 0.9 2.7 .......... -13.8 -66.6 4.0 -106.9 1,006.5 -0.3 -7.3 -4.7 7.6 -12.7 1.4 -7.1 0.5 0.6 .......... -0.6 -64.3 4.9 -82.1 1,058.2 -1.8 -5.5 -5.0 7.3 -21.2 1.5 -4.2 0.4 1.4 .......... -18.5 -65.6 3.8 -107.5 1,063.7 -3.2 -7.7 -3.7 11.9 -6.6 2.7 4.8 -0.6 6.2 .......... -12.9 -65.0 4.8 -69.3 1,122.6 -1.1 -6.2 -3.2 27.1 -7.7 4.9 6.2 -0.1 5.1 .......... -2.8 -62.0 4.7 -35.2 1,168.8 -0.9 -5.7 -5.2 45.1 -4.3 5.9 -3.1 -1.2 1.8 .......... -0.2 -64.6 4.6 -27.9 1,209.5 434.7 434.3 424.6 420.9 462.4 469.6 477.3 482.1 462.5 464.0 -76.8 -30.8 -31.0 296.1 1,206.1 -80.5 -35.1 -22.5 296.2 1,242.0 -80.6 -38.9 -16.6 288.5 1,239.6 -80.3 -41.5 -10.8 288.3 1,290.1 -83.3 -46.3 -9.8 322.9 1,329.4 -83.1 -49.9 -7.5 329.2 1,387.4 -85.6 -55.3 -9.1 327.4 1,391.1 -89.1 -61.8 -11.7 319.5 1,442.1 -87.0 -68.1 -6.7 300.6 1,469.4 -88.8 -76.7 -12.7 285.8 1,495.3 154 Table 8.6 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $50 million or less. 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 4.6 10.6 14.6 15.9 21.8 42.8 13.2 9.9 -23.3 -5.7 162.5 .......... 4.6 7.4 174.6 265.4 183.2 .......... 4.6 7.2 194.9 279.8 195.7 .......... 5.3 12.4 213.3 296.8 209.8 .......... 5.5 13.7 229.0 313.4 210.3 .......... 5.9 15.2 231.5 339.0 202.8 .......... 6.1 17.2 226.2 363.1 209.4 .......... 6.6 19.1 235.1 406.5 213.7 .......... 7.3 19.3 240.4 408.0 266.3 .......... 8.0 20.5 294.8 450.7 284.7 .......... 8.2 24.0 317.0 466.3 6.5 101.1 34.9 36.9 32.4 30.4 32.7 1.2 .......... 7.2 -0.9 282.4 537.7 6.4 102.9 62.7 41.2 36.4 31.2 34.4 6.3 .......... 7.3 -1.3 327.3 559.7 7.0 103.1 66.0 45.5 37.0 31.7 38.8 7.8 .......... 7.5 -1.1 343.3 571.2 7.3 105.1 50.3 48.4 37.1 28.9 39.4 10.5 .......... 7.5 -1.0 333.5 583.9 7.6 107.6 37.3 52.5 40.8 28.0 39.9 16.9 .......... 7.4 -1.1 336.9 599.4 4.7 110.0 34.8 54.3 38.5 27.0 40.6 17.4 .......... 7.1 -* 334.2 609.9 8.2 113.8 35.6 53.4 36.0 26.5 42.0 17.7 .......... 7.2 -0.7 339.9 638.3 9.1 115.3 45.3 57.3 40.3 26.6 43.1 36.1 .......... 7.2 15.5 395.6 649.3 8.4 125.1 126.4 76.2 43.9 27.8 45.0 25.8 0.7 7.3 12.0 498.6 719.5 6.5 124.9 163.9 91.6 45.8 28.8 57.1 23.6 14.3 7.3 12.9 576.7 731.2 28.2 -0.1 28.0 1,292.8 33.1 -0.1 33.0 1,405.3 35.3 2.5 37.9 1,477.0 36.6 0.3 36.9 1,512.4 41.3 4.4 45.8 1,574.4 40.1 1.8 41.9 1,618.1 39.2 2.0 41.2 1,674.2 43.8 2.2 46.1 1,749.3 48.7 2.9 51.6 1,991.9 51.2 8.8 60.0 2,145.4 -1.9 -8.2 -3.9 29.2 -2.1 6.9 1.3 -0.8 2.5 .......... -1.5 -68.5 6.0 -41.1 1,251.7 -0.7 -5.1 -3.3 22.2 -1.4 6.9 -7.2 -1.4 3.9 .......... -* -66.8 9.2 -43.7 1,361.6 -0.3 -8.4 -4.8 21.4 -1.8 10.8 -7.1 -0.8 10.8 .......... .......... -72.7 5.7 -47.3 1,429.7 2.2 -8.5 -4.3 11.9 -2.4 15.8 -7.0 0.2 8.5 .......... .......... -74.7 12.2 -46.1 1,466.3 2.0 -5.3 -4.0 24.4 -1.6 9.3 -1.0 1.6 0.8 .......... -0.2 -79.3 0.2 -53.1 1,521.3 2.1 -7.3 -2.8 23.0 -1.3 8.8 -2.4 18.5 2.7 .......... -0.1 -80.1 1.1 -37.9 1,580.2 3.7 -7.2 -4.9 12.9 -1.7 8.3 -8.0 -* 1.8 .......... -15.5 -77.8 3.0 -85.3 1,588.8 3.9 -9.2 -3.5 10.8 20.2 8.5 -1.9 -0.2 3.8 .......... -2.0 -92.8 0.9 -61.5 1,687.7 4.6 -5.9 -1.1 17.1 24.1 8.7 271.0 2.7 4.6 .......... -18.0 -81.8 4.6 230.6 2,222.5 4.8 -0.4 1.6 15.1 -33.3 9.2 -68.1 0.6 3.8 .......... -0.2 -85.8 5.3 -147.4 1,998.0 450.2 409.9 385.2 380.3 404.3 451.2 465.3 478.4 401.5 430.2 -94.3 -86.2 -11.5 258.2 1,509.9 -94.3 -94.7 -10.2 210.7 1,572.3 -87.8 -101.1 -10.9 185.3 1,615.1 -80.1 -101.9 -8.8 189.5 1,655.8 -79.3 -105.4 -8.5 211.1 1,732.4 -79.6 -108.6 -11.1 251.9 1,832.1 -77.9 -114.7 -16.1 256.6 1,845.4 -82.5 -120.6 -7.3 268.0 1,955.7 -66.7 -123.6 -15.3 195.9 2,418.4 -69.9 -123.2 -33.2 203.9 2,201.9 155 Table 8.6 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $50 million or less. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2019 estimate 2018 2020 estimate -15.0 -4.6 -15.1 -1.5 31.6 17.2 49.3 2.6 38.9 15.1 280.9 .......... 8.8 26.7 316.4 490.7 250.5 .......... 9.1 26.8 286.4 466.0 261.5 .......... 9.3 26.0 296.8 484.5 292.6 12.7 9.0 28.9 343.2 490.6 337.8 26.3 8.9 38.6 411.6 522.7 353.1 29.6 13.7 39.6 436.0 565.5 353.2 36.9 15.3 40.1 445.5 559.3 357.8 42.3 15.9 34.4 450.3 537.0 376.6 44.0 16.6 41.5 478.7 582.0 367.9 36.8 14.9 60.4 480.0 598.9 6.5 126.9 119.8 97.7 50.6 26.9 56.8 23.2 14.2 7.0 7.9 537.6 740.4 7.5 122.2 90.7 99.5 44.1 23.6 54.9 22.1 0.3 6.8 4.4 475.9 767.7 6.5 129.6 66.3 101.1 49.4 24.4 56.7 21.3 -* 6.7 3.8 465.7 796.1 8.2 130.5 41.4 93.4 49.8 23.1 58.3 20.9 .......... 6.7 3.9 436.2 820.0 7.3 134.3 30.5 94.5 50.4 22.7 58.0 19.9 .......... 7.1 3.8 428.5 852.0 3.4 138.7 30.9 91.9 54.2 22.1 58.1 19.4 .......... 7.4 3.7 429.7 872.8 4.1 133.9 28.7 88.0 48.9 22.2 56.3 18.3 .......... 7.3 3.5 411.2 885.4 5.6 129.3 25.8 84.6 44.0 21.7 53.9 17.1 .......... 7.9 1.9 391.7 903.1 5.2 133.7 24.1 86.3 47.7 21.8 54.6 32.0 .......... 7.1 1.5 413.8 937.0 5.4 133.6 24.7 64.7 47.0 20.3 55.1 31.3 .......... 7.4 1.4 391.0 969.7 60.0 12.0 72.0 2,142.1 55.9 11.7 67.6 2,059.1 64.9 13.9 78.8 2,106.9 68.8 15.1 83.9 2,172.6 73.8 15.2 89.0 2,335.4 83.2 18.6 101.8 2,423.0 81.2 17.5 98.7 2,449.6 78.7 14.2 92.8 2,377.5 91.0 13.6 104.6 2,555.0 96.6 14.2 110.9 2,565.7 6.2 -3.1 -2.0 14.5 -8.8 9.0 -10.8 -* 7.9 .......... -2.4 -87.0 5.9 -70.8 2,071.3 7.3 -2.7 2.0 11.8 6.6 9.4 24.8 0.9 8.5 .......... -13.0 -90.5 6.3 -28.6 2,030.4 7.6 -0.7 3.7 23.7 4.2 9.0 -81.6 5.3 10.0 .......... -2.6 -89.5 4.8 -106.0 2,000.9 6.9 -2.8 -0.2 18.2 -13.4 9.0 -80.8 -1.3 10.7 .......... -1.2 -83.2 3.5 -134.7 2,037.9 6.1 -3.1 1.9 11.6 -12.2 8.7 -23.1 -0.8 4.6 .......... -28.4 -80.9 2.6 -113.0 2,222.3 8.3 -6.1 -1.5 11.5 -12.4 9.5 -23.7 -0.7 6.0 .......... -7.9 -81.0 6.3 -91.6 2,331.4 8.2 -4.6 -0.5 12.1 -11.2 9.4 -14.9 2.3 5.9 .......... -1.6 -79.9 5.1 -69.8 2,379.8 7.9 -1.3 -2.5 14.1 -14.3 8.9 0.7 5.8 6.2 .......... -5.2 -81.7 8.3 -53.1 2,324.4 9.4 -0.7 -3.0 26.5 -5.9 9.1 -25.2 2.2 6.7 0.1 -1.0 -83.4 12.7 -52.4 2,502.5 10.6 -0.9 -1.7 10.8 -3.8 9.1 -13.0 0.6 9.8 1.1 -2.7 -91.5 9.8 -61.7 2,504.0 462.6 359.2 408.1 413.8 383.0 405.5 423.2 472.8 527.0 591.9 -73.4 -118.2 -36.7 234.3 2,305.6 -14.8 -112.4 -11.7 220.4 2,250.9 -50.1 -103.7 -37.4 216.9 2,217.8 -55.7 -96.6 -40.9 220.6 2,258.4 -43.6 -91.3 -35.6 212.4 2,434.7 -52.4 -85.4 -41.3 226.4 2,557.8 -56.1 -80.1 -43.8 243.2 2,623.0 -60.1 -76.0 -42.1 294.6 2,619.0 -58.8 -73.5 -45.1 349.7 2,852.2 -57.3 -71.1 -46.6 417.0 2,921.0 156 Table 8.6 - OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) 2021 estimate Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services Health: Medicaid Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Childrens Health Insurance Other Total health Medicare Income security: General retirement and disability Federal employee retirement and disability Unemployment compensation Food and nutrition assistance Supplemental Security Income Family and Other Support Assistance Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Making Work Pay Tax Credit Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) Total income security Social Security Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans Other Total veterans benefits and services Total mandatory human resource programs Other mandatory programs: National defense International affairs Energy Agriculture Deposit insurance Universal service fund Other commerce and housing credit Community and regional development General government Allowances Spectrum auctions and major asset sales Other undistributed offsetting receipts All other Total other mandatory programs Total mandatory programs Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) Interest received by: On-budget trust funds Off-budget trust funds Other Total net interest Total outlays for mandatory and related programs * $50 million or less. 157 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate 12.3 9.4 6.6 4.3 317.0 36.1 13.1 138.4 504.5 613.6 300.6 36.4 13.4 128.2 478.6 674.5 307.3 36.4 13.7 125.3 482.8 677.3 306.3 36.5 14.1 126.0 482.9 676.5 4.1 134.4 25.5 63.2 46.6 20.2 54.2 28.3 .......... 7.6 1.0 385.0 1,003.3 4.5 138.8 26.8 63.1 50.9 19.8 54.1 27.5 .......... 7.7 0.6 393.8 1,038.5 4.8 134.5 28.1 63.4 47.5 19.4 54.0 27.7 .......... 8.0 0.3 387.8 1,075.6 4.8 130.6 28.9 63.0 43.8 18.9 53.9 27.1 .......... 8.1 -* 379.1 1,114.0 100.4 13.0 113.4 2,632.0 112.3 13.1 125.5 2,720.4 109.1 12.7 121.8 2,751.8 105.3 12.1 117.4 2,774.2 11.1 -1.0 -8.4 10.2 -2.0 8.7 -17.9 0.8 9.3 16.3 -0.5 -84.7 8.2 -49.7 2,582.3 11.4 1.7 -3.1 10.6 0.9 8.4 -19.1 0.9 9.7 26.3 -0.9 -84.0 6.5 -30.7 2,689.6 10.8 0.1 -3.9 9.7 3.9 8.2 -22.2 0.7 9.0 32.1 -0.5 -81.4 5.1 -28.2 2,723.6 10.3 0.1 -4.6 9.2 6.1 8.0 -21.9 0.8 8.6 24.3 -0.5 -80.2 4.6 -35.2 2,739.0 643.5 690.9 726.7 749.8 -59.4 -68.8 -47.7 467.5 3,049.8 -65.3 -65.3 -49.8 510.4 3,200.1 -67.8 -63.0 -51.4 544.5 3,268.1 -72.1 -60.1 -53.2 564.4 3,303.3 Table 8.7 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 50,316 2,234 52,550 51,465 2,253 53,718 52,866 2,172 55,038 49,183 1,840 51,023 57,516 1,482 58,998 70,642 1,348 71,990 80,582 1,571 82,152 80,990 1,726 82,715 80,343 1,569 81,912 77,634 1,375 79,009 5,507 5,246 4,603 4,705 5,063 5,348 4,871 4,081 3,964 3,770 497 1,226 1,723 654 2,286 369 1,342 534 2,516 3,051 643 2,522 454 1,364 766 4,131 4,897 686 2,643 492 1,177 789 5,035 5,824 830 2,825 521 1,634 858 5,858 6,716 744 3,105 596 1,850 897 5,337 6,234 835 3,250 662 2,243 930 4,596 5,525 1,040 3,361 761 2,102 938 4,083 5,021 1,019 3,375 764 1,039 947 3,565 4,512 985 3,488 827 2,100 1,009 3,172 4,182 887 4,249 884 2,687 70 737 617 1,425 432 65 772 633 1,469 527 64 801 620 1,485 894 67 864 698 1,628 1,045 86 890 671 1,647 1,009 121 983 743 1,847 1,001 154 1,033 826 2,013 1,280 287 1,176 847 2,310 1,476 288 1,386 887 2,561 2,291 495 2,390 1,033 3,918 2,651 640 291 931 1,087 .......... 749 327 1,075 1,283 .......... 803 418 1,221 1,563 .......... 1,002 781 1,784 1,495 .......... 2,143 1,716 3,858 1,735 64 3,253 2,318 5,571 2,152 223 3,778 2,840 6,618 2,560 221 3,654 2,951 6,605 2,843 299 4,317 3,037 7,354 3,143 366 4,877 3,552 8,429 3,417 397 167 336 503 318 1,256 426 1,266 .......... 19,525 72,075 182 295 476 332 1,316 461 1,356 .......... 21,575 75,294 193 335 528 373 1,404 486 1,647 .......... 24,098 79,136 219 307 526 382 1,445 532 1,596 .......... 26,771 77,793 239 327 566 437 1,493 560 1,702 .......... 31,145 90,143 257 365 623 433 1,584 614 1,863 .......... 34,483 106,473 299 383 682 561 1,677 654 1,898 .......... 35,826 117,978 362 427 789 599 1,790 653 1,940 .......... 34,602 117,318 504 455 959 623 2,057 823 2,292 .......... 38,342 120,254 766 627 1,393 742 2,314 1,156 2,447 .......... 43,522 122,531 158 Table 8.7 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 77,809 1,529 79,338 75,446 1,649 77,095 79,238 1,483 80,720 85,959 1,657 87,615 88,174 1,703 89,876 21,850 462 22,312 95,452 2,065 97,517 102,448 2,201 104,649 114,083 2,694 116,777 131,597 3,032 134,629 4,581 4,830 6,197 8,155 7,459 3,315 8,013 8,542 9,143 12,775 979 3,196 4,175 1,092 4,758 912 1,907 961 3,074 4,034 1,075 5,463 936 1,969 1,017 2,964 3,982 689 6,491 945 2,418 1,036 2,951 3,987 1,738 8,115 1,047 2,851 1,032 3,336 4,368 2,589 8,931 1,059 2,764 291 869 1,160 725 2,859 271 1,154 1,072 3,658 4,730 3,786 11,279 1,193 3,455 1,154 3,766 4,919 5,295 12,016 1,304 3,369 1,295 3,937 5,232 6,110 13,674 1,519 3,801 1,380 4,450 5,829 6,148 15,485 1,533 5,079 615 2,764 1,086 4,465 3,047 836 2,179 1,220 4,235 3,565 948 2,162 1,339 4,450 3,458 2,128 2,345 1,443 5,916 3,678 9,106 2,485 1,523 13,114 4,649 2,202 569 417 3,189 1,342 9,467 2,736 1,716 13,919 6,058 9,943 3,200 1,692 14,835 10,845 11,650 3,320 1,923 16,894 9,247 14,761 3,673 2,281 20,715 9,437 5,357 4,636 9,993 3,997 455 5,470 5,078 10,548 4,567 439 5,469 4,747 10,216 4,749 667 7,098 5,969 13,067 5,821 661 7,554 8,196 15,751 6,715 836 1,878 2,456 4,334 1,581 220 8,549 9,112 17,660 6,935 770 9,170 13,237 22,408 7,294 936 10,876 14,067 24,943 7,513 988 12,366 13,421 25,787 8,471 1,080 1,156 672 1,829 794 2,734 1,507 2,961 .......... 49,206 128,544 1,652 762 2,414 914 3,050 1,978 3,284 .......... 53,300 130,394 1,825 1,022 2,847 878 3,358 2,371 3,773 .......... 57,487 138,207 2,128 1,368 3,496 1,101 4,121 2,877 3,720 .......... 70,349 157,965 2,504 2,270 4,774 1,200 4,535 3,411 3,545 .......... 85,701 175,577 656 474 1,130 304 1,157 913 2,090 .......... 25,744 48,056 3,007 2,529 5,536 1,370 5,243 3,713 5,896 .......... 99,556 197,073 3,683 2,808 6,491 1,413 5,857 3,899 4,637 .......... 114,061 218,710 4,309 3,159 7,468 1,479 6,234 4,254 4,724 .......... 123,221 239,998 5,488 5,325 10,813 1,494 7,165 4,671 5,213 .......... 141,694 276,324 159 Table 8.7 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 154,368 3,596 157,964 181,402 4,531 185,933 204,426 5,455 209,882 221,584 6,461 228,045 245,575 7,534 253,109 266,000 7,831 273,832 274,566 7,951 282,517 282,583 8,336 290,918 295,453 8,581 304,034 290,669 9,472 300,141 13,648 12,881 13,603 16,267 17,390 17,708 15,224 15,743 16,596 19,056 1,469 4,992 6,461 10,335 15,356 1,682 4,273 1,591 5,593 7,184 8,612 14,839 1,693 3,582 1,638 6,290 7,928 6,483 14,153 1,618 3,516 1,839 6,469 8,308 7,015 14,380 1,824 3,674 2,022 6,607 8,629 6,502 15,072 1,981 3,681 2,212 6,756 8,968 5,021 15,444 1,905 2,869 2,243 6,957 9,200 5,021 15,250 1,974 2,409 2,408 8,413 10,821 4,968 16,012 2,035 2,368 2,628 10,196 12,824 4,881 17,068 2,244 3,334 2,815 11,609 14,423 4,761 17,791 2,349 3,834 14,765 3,731 2,334 20,831 9,058 13,163 3,480 2,592 19,235 6,677 13,883 3,911 2,754 20,548 6,087 14,603 4,436 2,792 21,830 6,316 17,076 4,934 2,829 24,839 6,668 17,899 5,341 2,609 25,849 6,132 16,199 5,556 2,747 24,502 5,509 17,391 5,888 2,801 26,079 5,282 16,950 6,621 2,806 26,377 5,190 17,611 7,233 3,011 27,855 7,333 12,784 12,543 25,326 9,102 1,222 11,257 8,286 19,542 8,983 1,256 12,062 8,265 20,327 8,537 1,342 12,147 7,726 19,873 8,930 1,531 13,651 8,152 21,803 9,602 1,735 14,262 8,530 22,792 10,231 1,718 14,811 8,430 23,242 10,653 1,727 15,657 8,930 24,587 12,151 1,972 17,446 9,667 27,113 13,055 2,254 18,352 9,519 27,870 14,863 2,299 6,867 6,328 13,195 1,703 7,605 4,865 5,286 .......... 149,949 307,913 8,067 6,786 14,852 2,048 8,179 4,797 5,659 .......... 140,019 325,952 9,452 7,514 16,966 2,211 8,957 5,202 5,951 .......... 143,428 353,310 10,052 7,438 17,489 2,171 9,594 5,765 6,435 .......... 151,402 379,447 11,406 7,803 19,209 2,191 10,352 6,385 6,643 .......... 162,683 415,793 11,444 7,894 19,338 2,209 10,653 6,674 7,177 .......... 164,688 438,520 11,281 7,635 18,916 2,280 11,037 7,470 7,230 .......... 161,644 444,161 12,730 7,516 20,246 2,533 11,677 9,046 7,979 .......... 173,499 464,418 13,982 7,722 21,703 2,147 12,145 9,647 8,219 .......... 184,798 488,832 15,483 8,203 23,687 2,127 12,996 10,276 8,916 .......... 200,437 500,578 160 Table 8.7 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 308,907 10,797 319,704 291,253 11,348 302,602 280,012 12,419 292,430 269,362 12,904 282,266 261,070 12,492 273,562 253,552 12,409 265,961 259,581 12,093 271,674 258,045 12,205 270,250 262,094 13,369 275,463 281,840 13,125 294,965 19,698 19,160 21,570 20,812 20,101 18,343 18,909 18,151 19,476 21,232 3,134 12,957 16,091 4,409 18,588 2,513 3,346 3,545 12,838 16,383 5,396 20,010 3,892 2,625 3,927 13,092 17,019 5,560 20,030 3,972 2,103 3,820 12,363 16,183 6,402 20,741 4,147 853 4,108 12,593 16,701 6,765 21,888 3,889 2,847 3,987 12,693 16,680 5,961 20,928 4,009 1,680 4,092 13,056 17,148 4,906 21,264 3,943 1,572 5,307 12,866 18,173 3,710 21,932 4,197 407 5,633 12,446 18,079 3,128 23,610 4,431 412 6,170 12,427 18,597 2,958 24,880 4,515 4,408 18,028 8,187 3,045 29,260 6,161 18,869 9,316 3,281 31,465 6,403 19,862 10,049 3,322 33,233 8,462 22,283 10,146 3,568 35,997 10,866 23,451 10,020 3,563 37,034 10,198 23,591 10,135 3,319 37,045 10,433 24,955 10,138 3,294 38,387 10,768 24,525 10,594 3,134 38,253 10,195 26,626 10,720 3,217 40,563 11,962 30,602 10,571 3,580 44,753 11,463 20,364 10,233 30,597 16,164 2,444 22,528 11,488 34,016 17,966 2,846 24,722 11,741 36,463 19,652 2,650 24,642 12,926 37,568 20,512 2,914 25,164 13,775 38,939 22,025 2,971 25,162 13,309 38,471 22,592 2,953 25,708 13,964 39,672 22,959 2,575 27,977 14,592 42,569 24,894 2,589 30,306 14,857 45,163 26,977 2,753 33,663 15,313 48,976 29,922 2,998 16,961 8,966 25,927 2,250 13,759 12,129 10,237 .......... 213,574 533,278 18,780 9,617 28,397 2,417 15,112 14,208 10,908 .......... 231,202 533,803 21,401 10,123 31,525 2,600 15,823 14,903 11,759 .......... 247,323 539,753 23,809 12,060 35,869 2,651 16,720 15,288 11,550 .......... 259,074 541,340 27,445 11,772 39,217 2,573 17,432 16,429 12,190 .......... 271,199 544,761 26,670 11,340 38,010 2,620 17,607 17,929 11,511 .......... 266,772 532,733 27,696 11,749 39,445 2,955 18,596 20,534 11,730 .......... 275,363 547,037 28,686 12,224 40,910 3,096 18,482 22,663 11,524 .......... 281,745 551,995 27,645 12,313 39,958 3,046 19,372 25,733 11,987 .......... 296,650 572,113 28,788 12,638 41,426 3,375 20,740 27,559 11,859 .......... 319,661 614,626 161 Table 8.7 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 291,749 14,326 306,075 333,235 15,717 348,952 388,101 16,841 404,942 436,339 17,718 454,057 473,414 20,189 493,603 498,752 21,215 519,967 526,638 21,230 547,868 592,565 19,869 612,434 634,002 22,722 656,724 663,671 25,183 688,854 22,479 26,194 27,831 33,755 39,020 35,857 34,948 37,369 43,005 45,613 6,509 13,236 19,745 2,897 25,816 4,958 1,390 7,237 13,473 20,710 2,975 28,397 5,165 971 7,935 12,880 20,815 3,072 29,358 5,642 -619 8,326 14,637 22,963 3,406 30,058 5,754 141 8,787 14,778 23,565 3,806 30,378 5,974 2,074 9,006 14,491 23,497 3,264 34,276 5,958 1,828 9,128 15,258 24,386 3,630 31,411 6,030 1,741 9,525 17,200 26,725 3,867 33,007 8,419 3,046 9,921 18,397 28,318 5,779 35,021 6,249 7,706 11,617 18,370 29,987 10,121 42,539 6,771 6,520 34,595 11,617 3,929 50,141 12,329 39,031 14,147 4,101 57,279 14,056 35,813 23,086 5,283 64,182 19,498 39,930 17,123 5,734 62,787 15,664 41,583 18,937 5,555 66,075 24,919 44,212 18,803 5,848 68,863 38,328 45,877 18,589 6,695 71,161 29,610 49,165 19,816 7,066 76,047 24,112 53,575 20,893 7,827 82,295 25,150 59,984 21,656 8,260 89,900 23,345 37,689 16,607 54,296 33,157 3,323 43,333 19,448 62,781 39,414 3,156 50,920 20,343 71,263 44,243 3,724 54,822 20,397 75,219 47,736 4,470 59,410 19,715 79,125 50,481 4,304 60,655 20,057 80,712 51,347 4,989 59,821 19,984 79,805 52,380 4,632 61,759 20,204 81,963 54,049 4,941 80,604 20,910 101,514 56,601 4,998 109,253 25,080 134,333 65,386 5,159 30,067 13,894 43,961 3,590 22,392 29,853 12,639 .......... 342,966 649,041 33,046 14,942 47,988 3,907 24,085 33,807 14,113 .......... 384,998 733,950 35,306 15,674 50,980 4,227 25,726 34,151 15,304 .......... 419,397 824,339 36,574 15,689 52,263 4,011 28,589 38,129 16,063 .......... 441,008 895,065 37,710 16,524 54,234 4,593 30,482 39,412 16,496 .......... 474,938 968,541 38,002 16,358 54,360 4,638 32,404 40,309 16,027 .......... 496,657 1,016,624 39,436 16,929 56,365 4,711 35,301 41,756 15,855 .......... 493,722 1,041,590 40,245 18,008 58,253 4,917 41,189 47,689 16,857 .......... 522,450 1,134,884 41,405 22,081 63,486 5,237 46,810 50,895 17,748 .......... 580,812 1,237,536 46,628 22,976 69,604 5,985 50,918 52,681 19,450 .......... 658,312 1,347,166 162 Table 8.7 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 673,838 25,554 699,392 645,435 25,088 670,523 602,118 23,632 625,750 572,708 23,741 596,449 557,995 25,390 583,385 558,769 26,062 584,831 562,402 27,790 590,192 594,536 28,158 622,694 644,203 30,125 674,328 694,600 31,451 726,051 48,769 39,507 47,159 49,794 55,342 51,755 51,328 50,435 55,085 54,217 12,337 17,032 29,369 14,146 43,598 6,395 -2,039 12,345 16,602 28,947 12,877 39,595 6,002 -192 12,357 16,429 28,786 7,307 36,555 5,659 -13,973 11,911 16,559 28,470 5,427 35,603 5,540 -6,832 11,660 17,693 29,353 4,811 36,222 6,303 -9,959 11,851 18,223 30,074 5,291 36,373 6,117 -5,943 12,216 18,073 30,289 4,412 36,766 5,800 -8,632 12,287 19,108 31,395 4,918 35,803 6,111 -4,186 13,405 20,265 33,670 6,519 40,359 8,164 -1,636 13,227 21,171 34,398 5,495 41,477 6,967 3,686 60,180 21,707 9,063 90,950 23,945 60,490 22,039 8,575 91,104 24,223 59,384 21,707 8,594 89,685 26,938 59,975 21,425 8,585 89,985 22,044 58,547 21,148 8,810 88,505 21,530 61,316 21,151 8,647 91,114 20,856 62,269 21,458 8,834 92,561 22,450 61,411 21,317 9,224 91,952 35,675 63,068 24,082 10,553 97,703 30,557 65,444 22,925 10,969 99,338 34,921 91,917 24,460 116,377 62,746 5,730 73,456 21,955 95,411 60,313 5,775 66,784 21,132 87,916 57,071 6,017 71,834 20,266 92,100 55,727 6,385 68,441 20,984 89,425 55,861 6,329 70,180 21,596 91,776 56,375 6,175 70,050 21,810 91,860 60,326 5,906 70,794 22,214 93,008 61,345 6,858 75,508 23,754 99,262 68,678 6,320 71,974 23,094 95,068 70,057 6,670 47,743 23,344 71,087 5,888 56,710 54,294 19,780 .......... 647,745 1,347,137 43,801 21,616 65,417 5,576 57,020 54,072 19,535 .......... 605,182 1,275,705 42,376 21,491 63,867 5,710 58,961 51,350 17,604 .......... 576,612 1,202,362 43,020 21,190 64,210 5,657 63,131 49,413 15,764 .......... 582,418 1,178,867 43,295 22,100 65,395 5,862 67,618 50,038 16,118 .......... 588,753 1,172,138 44,629 21,537 66,166 5,785 68,305 53,432 16,767 .......... 600,418 1,185,249 45,711 21,754 67,465 5,674 71,816 54,692 17,403 .......... 610,116 1,200,308 47,128 22,356 69,484 5,776 77,869 55,550 16,922 .......... 638,915 1,261,609 49,409 24,155 73,564 5,790 84,221 58,173 19,195 -841 684,783 1,359,111 48,481 21,602 70,083 5,395 91,531 61,429 20,215 -1,079 699,868 1,425,919 163 Table 8.7 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) 2021 estimate Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 164 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate 717,309 32,450 749,759 723,774 33,097 756,871 729,455 35,298 764,753 735,986 36,618 772,604 50,956 47,419 46,273 44,963 13,480 20,648 34,128 4,802 39,597 6,302 28 13,793 20,342 34,135 4,108 39,285 5,777 -1,235 13,140 20,342 33,482 3,674 37,572 5,564 -1,708 13,287 20,353 33,640 3,630 38,082 5,390 -1,952 66,764 21,146 10,785 98,695 26,564 55,369 20,357 10,285 86,011 26,794 51,709 20,221 10,075 82,005 24,997 51,535 19,829 9,991 81,355 21,397 66,077 21,432 87,509 66,504 7,160 67,115 21,071 88,186 66,395 7,217 66,526 20,936 87,462 65,786 7,027 66,473 20,847 87,320 65,544 7,050 47,821 21,507 69,328 5,484 102,605 66,610 19,884 -35,647 650,509 1,400,268 47,062 21,192 68,254 5,525 103,968 69,131 20,161 -55,453 615,678 1,372,549 45,366 21,327 66,693 5,561 104,149 72,046 21,006 -70,084 591,505 1,356,258 44,625 21,531 66,156 5,540 103,827 73,566 21,478 -83,109 573,877 1,346,481 Table 8.8 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 407.7 18.1 425.9 399.0 17.5 416.4 404.5 16.6 421.1 377.5 14.1 391.6 421.4 10.9 432.2 501.4 9.6 510.9 545.9 10.6 556.6 519.2 11.1 530.2 489.9 9.6 499.5 445.7 7.9 453.6 45.0 40.3 33.7 33.1 34.6 36.1 32.1 25.0 22.9 19.9 4.1 10.0 14.1 5.3 18.8 3.1 11.0 4.1 19.3 23.4 4.9 19.5 3.6 10.5 5.6 30.2 35.8 5.0 19.5 3.7 8.6 5.5 35.4 40.9 5.8 20.1 3.8 11.5 5.9 40.0 45.9 5.1 21.6 4.3 12.6 6.0 36.0 42.0 5.6 22.3 4.7 15.1 6.1 30.3 36.4 6.9 22.7 5.2 13.9 5.7 25.0 30.8 6.3 21.2 4.9 6.4 5.5 20.6 26.0 5.7 20.6 5.0 12.1 5.3 16.7 22.0 4.7 23.4 5.0 14.2 0.6 6.1 5.0 11.7 3.7 0.5 6.0 4.9 11.4 4.3 0.5 5.9 4.5 11.0 7.2 0.5 6.2 4.9 11.6 8.2 0.7 6.2 4.6 11.4 7.9 0.9 6.7 5.0 12.7 7.7 1.1 6.9 5.4 13.5 9.8 2.1 7.4 5.2 14.6 10.7 1.9 8.1 5.1 15.2 15.7 3.0 12.7 5.4 21.1 17.0 5.6 2.5 8.1 8.0 .......... 6.2 2.7 8.9 9.1 .......... 6.5 3.4 9.8 10.8 .......... 7.8 5.9 13.7 9.8 .......... 17.2 13.3 30.4 11.1 0.4 25.5 17.9 43.4 13.6 1.5 28.5 21.6 50.0 16.3 1.5 25.7 20.9 46.6 16.8 1.8 28.6 21.0 49.7 17.5 2.1 29.9 22.7 52.6 17.7 2.1 1.0 3.0 4.0 2.6 7.9 3.5 10.4 .......... 157.0 582.9 1.1 2.4 3.4 2.5 8.0 3.5 10.5 .......... 163.9 580.4 1.1 2.7 3.8 2.7 8.4 3.6 12.2 .......... 175.9 597.0 1.3 2.4 3.6 2.7 8.5 3.7 11.3 .......... 188.3 579.9 1.3 2.6 3.9 3.0 8.6 3.8 11.8 .......... 216.4 648.7 1.4 2.8 4.2 2.9 8.9 4.1 12.7 .......... 237.6 748.6 1.6 2.8 4.4 3.7 9.2 4.3 12.7 .......... 242.7 799.2 1.9 2.9 4.8 3.7 9.3 4.0 12.1 .......... 219.0 749.2 2.5 2.9 5.4 3.6 10.2 4.8 13.5 .......... 230.1 729.5 3.6 3.8 7.4 3.9 10.9 6.4 13.2 .......... 241.6 695.1 165 Table 8.8 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 407.8 8.0 415.8 369.5 8.1 377.5 363.3 6.8 370.1 361.8 7.0 368.8 349.2 6.7 355.9 84.9 1.8 86.7 350.3 7.6 357.9 351.9 7.6 359.5 362.3 8.6 370.8 377.6 8.7 386.3 22.7 22.6 27.4 33.8 28.4 12.4 28.4 28.7 28.5 37.1 4.8 15.8 20.7 5.4 24.6 4.8 9.4 4.5 14.4 18.9 5.0 27.2 4.8 9.2 4.5 13.1 17.6 3.1 31.3 4.5 10.7 4.3 12.2 16.5 7.2 36.1 4.6 11.8 3.9 12.7 16.6 9.9 36.9 4.3 10.5 1.1 3.2 4.3 2.7 11.6 1.1 4.3 3.8 13.0 16.8 13.4 43.8 4.5 12.3 3.9 12.7 16.5 17.9 43.6 4.7 11.3 4.0 12.3 16.3 19.1 45.9 5.0 11.9 4.0 12.9 16.9 18.1 47.9 4.7 14.8 3.5 13.8 5.4 22.7 18.7 4.6 10.6 5.7 20.9 20.8 4.8 9.9 5.9 20.7 18.8 9.7 10.0 6.0 25.7 18.1 41.8 9.7 5.8 57.4 21.1 9.9 2.1 1.6 13.6 5.9 40.4 10.0 6.1 56.5 25.6 40.0 11.2 5.7 56.9 42.4 43.3 10.8 6.0 60.0 33.7 49.6 11.0 6.6 67.2 31.0 31.2 28.0 59.2 19.7 2.3 30.7 30.0 60.7 21.2 2.1 28.4 26.0 54.3 20.8 3.0 33.0 30.0 63.0 23.4 2.7 31.8 38.3 70.1 25.1 3.2 7.7 11.1 18.8 5.8 0.8 33.5 39.7 73.1 24.2 2.7 34.1 54.5 88.6 23.9 3.1 37.3 52.8 90.1 22.6 3.1 38.1 45.3 83.4 23.4 3.1 5.2 3.9 9.1 3.9 12.4 7.9 15.0 .......... 258.5 674.3 7.1 4.2 11.4 4.3 13.3 10.1 15.8 .......... 268.1 645.7 7.3 5.1 12.4 3.9 13.6 11.3 17.1 .......... 270.3 640.4 7.7 6.3 14.0 4.6 15.2 12.7 15.8 .......... 305.3 674.0 8.5 9.2 17.7 4.6 15.6 13.7 13.8 .......... 349.0 705.0 2.2 1.9 4.1 1.1 3.9 3.5 7.9 .......... 101.8 188.4 9.5 9.5 19.1 4.9 16.8 13.8 23.0 .......... 378.9 736.8 10.9 9.8 20.8 4.7 17.6 13.5 17.2 .......... 411.4 770.9 11.8 10.1 21.9 4.6 17.3 13.5 15.1 .......... 408.6 779.4 13.6 14.8 28.4 4.3 18.0 13.7 15.5 .......... 427.5 813.8 166 Table 8.8 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 399.4 9.3 408.7 430.9 10.8 441.6 462.8 12.4 475.2 476.9 13.9 490.8 508.8 15.6 524.4 539.0 15.9 554.9 548.3 15.9 564.1 550.4 16.2 566.7 554.1 16.1 570.2 527.1 17.2 544.2 36.4 32.7 33.6 38.0 38.9 39.6 33.3 33.2 34.4 39.4 3.9 13.3 17.2 27.7 43.0 4.7 11.4 4.0 14.2 18.2 22.0 39.1 4.4 9.1 4.0 15.5 19.6 16.1 35.8 4.1 8.7 4.3 15.1 19.4 16.5 34.4 4.4 8.6 4.5 14.8 19.3 14.6 34.6 4.5 8.2 5.0 15.1 20.1 11.3 35.2 4.3 6.4 4.9 15.3 20.2 11.0 33.7 4.4 5.3 5.1 17.8 22.8 10.5 34.0 4.3 5.0 5.5 21.2 26.6 10.1 35.5 4.7 6.9 5.8 24.0 29.8 9.8 36.5 4.8 7.9 44.7 10.1 6.2 61.1 26.8 36.9 8.9 6.6 52.4 18.6 37.2 9.8 6.8 53.7 16.2 37.3 10.5 6.5 54.4 15.9 41.8 11.2 6.3 59.3 16.1 42.4 12.1 5.8 60.3 14.4 36.6 12.2 6.0 54.8 12.4 37.8 12.5 5.9 56.2 11.4 35.4 13.8 5.8 55.0 10.8 35.2 14.9 6.2 56.3 14.8 35.4 37.9 73.3 23.2 3.3 29.4 22.9 52.4 21.6 3.2 29.4 21.9 51.3 20.1 3.3 28.4 19.4 47.7 19.9 3.6 30.8 19.6 50.4 20.6 3.9 31.2 20.0 51.2 21.9 3.8 31.1 18.9 50.0 22.3 3.8 31.6 19.3 50.9 24.5 4.2 33.9 20.2 54.1 25.9 4.7 34.4 19.2 53.6 28.9 4.8 15.5 15.8 31.4 4.5 17.4 13.0 14.4 .......... 408.6 817.3 17.2 15.9 33.1 5.2 17.6 12.1 14.6 .......... 356.2 797.8 19.2 17.0 36.3 5.5 18.5 12.8 14.9 .......... 350.1 825.3 19.7 15.9 35.6 5.1 19.0 13.4 15.2 .......... 351.1 841.9 21.6 16.1 37.8 4.9 19.8 14.2 15.1 .......... 362.4 886.8 21.1 16.0 37.1 4.9 19.9 14.8 16.2 .......... 361.6 916.5 20.3 15.0 35.3 5.0 20.1 16.3 15.9 .......... 343.8 907.9 22.1 14.3 36.3 5.3 20.5 19.0 16.9 .......... 355.2 921.8 23.2 14.2 37.4 4.5 20.4 19.9 17.1 .......... 367.8 938.0 24.7 14.5 39.2 4.5 21.0 21.1 18.4 .......... 390.9 935.1 167 Table 8.8 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 533.7 18.7 552.4 495.3 19.3 514.6 471.5 20.9 492.4 449.3 21.5 470.8 427.2 20.4 447.7 406.1 19.9 426.0 409.4 19.1 428.5 399.5 18.9 418.3 397.8 20.3 418.1 413.2 19.2 432.4 38.7 34.6 36.1 34.5 31.2 27.7 27.9 27.3 28.5 30.0 6.2 25.5 31.7 8.7 36.4 4.9 6.6 6.4 23.2 29.6 9.8 36.4 7.1 4.7 6.6 22.0 28.6 9.4 34.0 6.7 3.5 6.3 20.5 26.9 10.6 34.8 6.9 1.4 6.4 19.6 26.0 10.6 34.6 6.1 4.4 6.0 19.2 25.2 9.0 32.1 6.1 2.5 6.0 19.3 25.3 7.3 31.9 5.9 2.3 8.0 19.4 27.4 5.6 33.4 6.4 0.6 8.3 18.3 26.5 4.6 35.0 6.6 0.6 8.7 17.6 26.3 4.2 35.5 6.4 6.2 34.6 16.0 6.0 56.6 11.9 35.0 16.9 5.9 57.9 11.8 35.7 17.1 5.6 58.4 14.9 39.0 17.0 5.9 61.9 18.8 39.6 15.9 5.6 61.1 16.9 38.8 15.5 5.0 59.3 16.9 40.2 15.2 4.9 60.3 17.1 39.1 16.1 4.7 60.0 16.1 41.5 15.9 4.7 62.1 18.4 45.9 15.1 5.1 66.1 17.0 36.7 19.7 56.4 29.8 4.8 39.1 21.2 60.3 30.9 5.1 41.4 20.6 62.0 31.8 4.4 40.5 22.1 62.7 32.7 4.8 40.0 22.7 62.7 33.3 4.6 39.0 21.3 60.3 33.2 4.5 39.0 21.9 61.0 33.1 3.8 42.2 22.8 65.0 36.3 3.9 44.6 22.6 67.3 38.5 4.0 48.2 22.5 70.7 41.3 4.2 26.0 15.3 41.3 4.4 21.3 23.7 20.1 .......... 397.2 949.5 28.1 15.9 44.0 4.4 22.7 25.6 19.8 .......... 404.5 919.2 31.2 16.0 47.2 4.4 23.1 25.0 19.8 .......... 409.4 901.8 34.0 18.5 52.6 4.4 23.9 25.3 19.3 .......... 421.5 892.3 38.4 17.5 55.9 4.0 24.3 25.6 19.1 .......... 420.4 868.0 36.6 16.5 53.1 4.0 24.1 27.2 17.5 .......... 402.6 828.6 37.2 16.8 54.0 4.4 25.0 30.6 17.4 .......... 407.2 835.7 38.2 17.4 55.6 4.7 24.5 34.4 17.5 .......... 418.6 837.0 36.5 17.2 53.7 4.5 25.5 38.1 17.6 .......... 431.5 849.5 37.0 17.1 54.1 4.8 26.6 39.3 16.8 .......... 449.5 881.9 168 Table 8.8 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 413.6 20.3 433.9 457.5 21.6 479.1 500.5 21.7 522.2 542.2 22.0 564.3 561.5 23.9 585.5 567.3 24.1 591.4 579.9 23.4 603.3 628.3 21.1 649.4 673.6 24.1 697.8 692.6 26.3 718.8 30.7 34.6 35.3 41.4 46.2 41.2 38.7 40.4 46.0 47.4 8.9 18.1 27.0 4.0 35.7 6.9 1.9 9.6 17.8 27.4 4.0 38.0 6.9 1.3 10.1 16.3 26.4 3.9 37.8 7.2 -0.8 10.2 18.0 28.2 4.2 37.5 7.1 0.2 10.4 17.5 27.9 4.5 36.4 7.1 2.5 10.3 16.6 27.0 3.8 39.6 6.9 2.1 10.1 16.9 27.0 4.0 35.0 6.7 1.9 10.3 18.6 28.9 4.2 35.7 9.1 3.3 10.6 19.7 30.3 6.2 37.5 6.7 8.2 12.1 19.1 31.1 10.5 44.3 7.0 6.8 50.4 16.1 5.4 71.9 17.7 55.7 19.0 5.4 80.1 19.7 50.1 29.6 6.7 86.4 26.6 53.3 21.4 7.0 81.7 20.6 52.5 22.7 6.6 81.8 31.2 53.2 21.8 6.7 81.7 45.2 52.3 20.7 7.4 80.5 33.5 53.5 21.4 7.6 82.6 26.2 57.5 22.4 8.4 88.2 27.0 63.3 22.5 8.6 94.4 24.5 52.4 23.7 76.0 44.5 4.6 58.9 27.1 86.0 51.5 4.2 67.6 27.5 95.1 56.0 4.7 70.5 26.6 97.1 58.6 5.5 73.0 24.4 97.4 59.8 5.1 71.4 23.8 95.2 58.8 5.7 67.4 22.6 90.0 58.0 5.1 66.7 21.9 88.6 58.2 5.3 86.2 22.4 108.6 60.5 5.3 114.8 26.4 141.2 68.0 5.4 37.8 18.2 56.0 4.9 28.1 41.4 17.4 .......... 468.8 902.7 41.0 19.3 60.3 5.2 29.9 45.2 18.7 .......... 513.0 992.1 43.0 19.7 62.7 5.4 31.2 43.7 19.5 .......... 541.1 1,063.3 43.5 19.2 62.7 4.9 34.0 47.3 19.9 .......... 551.0 1,115.2 43.6 19.6 63.2 5.4 35.2 47.0 19.7 .......... 570.6 1,156.1 42.7 18.7 61.3 5.3 36.4 46.5 18.4 .......... 575.1 1,166.5 43.3 18.7 62.0 5.2 38.8 46.3 17.6 .......... 550.4 1,153.7 42.7 19.2 62.0 5.3 43.7 51.5 18.2 .......... 563.1 1,212.5 44.0 23.5 67.5 5.6 49.7 54.5 19.0 .......... 620.8 1,318.6 48.7 24.0 72.7 6.2 53.1 54.8 20.2 .......... 687.6 1,406.4 169 Table 8.8 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 683.1 25.9 709.0 645.4 25.1 670.5 597.9 23.5 621.4 559.9 23.2 583.1 543.3 24.7 568.0 542.2 25.3 567.5 537.8 26.6 564.3 556.7 26.4 583.0 591.1 27.6 618.8 624.9 28.3 653.2 49.4 39.5 46.6 48.2 52.7 48.9 47.5 45.5 48.8 47.0 12.5 17.3 29.8 14.4 44.3 6.5 -2.1 12.3 16.6 28.9 12.9 39.6 6.0 -0.2 12.2 16.2 28.4 7.2 36.0 5.6 -13.8 11.5 16.0 27.6 5.3 34.4 5.4 -6.6 11.1 16.8 27.9 4.6 34.4 6.0 -9.5 11.2 17.2 28.4 5.0 34.3 5.8 -5.6 11.3 16.7 28.0 4.1 34.0 5.4 -8.0 11.1 17.2 28.3 4.4 32.2 5.5 -3.8 11.9 17.9 29.8 5.8 35.6 7.2 -1.5 11.5 18.4 29.8 4.8 35.9 6.0 3.2 61.7 22.0 9.2 93.0 24.5 60.5 22.0 8.6 91.1 24.2 57.9 21.4 8.5 87.8 26.4 57.1 20.7 8.3 86.1 21.1 55.2 20.1 8.4 83.7 20.4 57.6 20.0 8.2 85.7 19.6 57.3 19.8 8.2 85.3 20.7 54.6 19.2 8.3 82.1 31.9 54.4 21.2 9.3 85.0 26.5 54.8 19.8 9.5 84.0 29.5 94.1 25.0 119.2 63.7 5.8 73.5 22.0 95.4 60.3 5.8 65.4 20.7 86.0 56.3 5.9 68.9 19.4 88.3 54.0 6.2 65.1 19.9 85.0 53.3 6.0 66.4 20.3 86.7 53.4 5.8 65.0 20.1 85.1 56.0 5.5 63.8 19.9 83.6 55.6 6.2 66.2 20.7 86.9 61.0 5.6 61.5 19.6 81.0 60.9 5.8 48.8 23.8 72.6 6.0 57.9 55.1 20.0 .......... 660.0 1,369.0 43.8 21.6 65.4 5.6 57.0 54.1 19.5 .......... 605.2 1,275.7 41.8 21.1 62.9 5.6 58.1 50.7 17.4 .......... 567.2 1,188.6 41.7 20.5 62.2 5.5 61.3 47.8 15.3 .......... 562.0 1,145.1 41.8 21.2 63.0 5.6 65.3 47.6 15.3 .......... 561.4 1,129.4 42.8 20.5 63.3 5.5 65.4 50.4 15.8 .......... 568.4 1,136.0 43.1 20.4 63.4 5.2 67.6 50.6 16.1 .......... 566.4 1,130.7 43.3 20.4 63.7 5.2 71.5 50.1 15.3 .......... 577.5 1,160.5 44.4 21.6 66.0 5.1 75.7 51.5 17.0 -0.7 605.3 1,224.1 42.6 18.8 61.5 4.7 80.5 53.2 17.5 -0.9 604.4 1,257.6 170 Table 8.8 - OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1962 - 2024 (in billions of dollars) 2021 estimate Category and Program National defense: DoD-Military (051) Other Defense Total national defense Nondefense: International affairs General science, space and technology: General science and basic research Space and other technology Total general science, space and technology Energy Natural resources and environment Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation: Ground transportation Air transportation Water and other transportation Total transportation Community and regional development Education, training, employment and social services: Education Training, employment and social services Total education, training, employment and social services Health Medicare Income security: Housing assistance Other Total income security Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Allowances Total nondefense Total outlays for discretionary programs Note: Discretionary BA for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to BA for later years because of conceptual changes for credit programs and obligation limitations in special funds and trust funds. See the introduction for more detail. 171 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate 632.7 28.6 661.3 625.8 28.6 654.4 618.3 29.9 648.3 611.5 30.4 642.0 43.3 39.5 37.8 36.0 11.5 17.6 29.0 4.1 33.5 5.3 .......... 11.5 17.0 28.5 3.4 32.6 4.8 -1.0 10.7 16.6 27.4 3.0 30.5 4.5 -1.4 10.6 16.3 27.0 2.9 30.3 4.3 -1.6 54.3 17.8 9.2 81.3 21.8 43.7 16.8 8.6 69.1 21.4 39.6 16.3 8.2 64.2 19.4 38.3 15.7 8.0 62.0 16.2 55.0 17.7 72.6 56.6 6.1 54.5 16.9 71.3 55.4 6.0 52.6 16.3 68.9 53.7 5.7 51.2 15.8 67.0 52.4 5.6 41.1 18.3 59.4 4.7 88.3 56.6 16.9 -30.3 549.3 1,210.6 39.6 17.6 57.2 4.6 87.4 57.6 16.8 -46.2 508.4 1,162.8 37.3 17.3 54.7 4.5 85.7 58.8 17.1 -57.3 477.4 1,125.7 35.9 17.1 53.0 4.4 83.5 58.9 17.2 -66.6 452.6 1,094.6 Table 9.1 - TOTAL INVESTMENT OUTLAYS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, AND EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962 - 2020 In Billions of Constant (FY 2012) As Percentages of Total Outlays As Percentages of GDP In Millions of Dollars Dollars Fiscal Year National National National National Total Nondefense Total Nondefense Total Nondefense Total Nondefense Defense Defense Defense Defense 1962 34,495 24,891 9,604 174.3 113.1 61.2 32.3 23.3 9.0 5.9 4.2 1.6 1963 38,425 26,571 11,854 191.9 118.2 73.7 34.5 23.9 10.6 6.2 4.3 1.9 1964 40,784 25,857 14,927 207.2 116.1 91.1 34.4 21.8 12.6 6.2 3.9 2.3 1965 38,062 21,327 16,735 196.9 96.0 100.9 32.2 18.0 14.2 5.4 3.0 2.4 1966 43,440 23,959 19,481 222.3 105.0 117.4 32.3 17.8 14.5 5.6 3.1 2.5 1967 51,135 29,455 21,680 256.9 125.5 131.4 32.5 18.7 13.8 6.1 3.5 2.6 1968 57,109 33,992 23,117 279.0 140.1 138.8 32.1 19.1 13.0 6.4 3.8 2.6 1969 57,565 34,565 23,000 268.6 136.5 132.1 31.3 18.8 12.5 5.9 3.5 2.3 1970 56,466 31,625 24,841 255.5 119.2 136.3 28.9 16.2 12.7 5.4 3.0 2.4 1971 56,724 28,823 27,901 246.9 103.6 143.3 27.0 13.7 13.3 5.1 2.6 2.5 1972 58,467 27,955 30,512 243.5 95.2 148.3 25.3 12.1 13.2 4.8 2.3 2.5 1973 59,158 26,794 32,364 236.8 86.9 149.9 24.1 10.9 13.2 4.4 2.0 2.4 1974 61,076 26,830 34,246 228.3 82.2 146.1 22.7 10.0 12.7 4.1 1.8 2.3 1975 69,407 28,421 40,986 237.2 79.5 157.7 20.9 8.6 12.3 4.3 1.8 2.6 1976 76,469 29,126 47,343 246.0 76.3 169.7 20.6 7.8 12.7 4.3 1.6 2.7 TQ 19,405 6,929 12,476 61.3 17.7 43.6 20.2 7.2 13.0 4.1 1.5 2.6 1977 82,789 32,499 50,290 248.0 79.0 169.0 20.2 7.9 12.3 4.1 1.6 2.5 1978 92,598 35,328 57,270 262.1 80.6 181.4 20.2 7.7 12.5 4.1 1.6 2.5 1979 105,873 40,874 64,999 275.6 85.6 190.0 21.0 8.1 12.9 4.1 1.6 2.5 1980 118,943 47,185 71,758 284.0 92.2 191.8 20.1 8.0 12.1 4.3 1.7 2.6 1981 132,141 56,079 76,061 283.7 100.1 183.6 19.5 8.3 11.2 4.2 1.8 2.4 1982 135,565 67,805 67,760 264.0 112.3 151.7 18.2 9.1 9.1 4.1 2.0 2.0 1983 146,848 81,568 65,280 268.4 127.3 141.2 18.2 10.1 8.1 4.2 2.3 1.8 1984 165,006 94,052 70,954 288.1 141.0 147.1 19.4 11.0 8.3 4.2 2.4 1.8 1985 186,631 108,394 78,236 316.9 160.2 156.7 19.7 11.5 8.3 4.4 2.5 1.8 1986 200,206 120,428 79,777 336.2 178.8 157.4 20.2 12.2 8.1 4.4 2.7 1.8 1987 204,295 126,749 77,546 335.5 188.1 147.4 20.3 12.6 7.7 4.3 2.7 1.6 1988 208,400 123,858 84,542 337.7 182.6 155.1 19.6 11.6 7.9 4.1 2.4 1.6 1989 220,895 131,033 89,862 348.8 188.0 160.7 19.3 11.5 7.9 4.0 2.4 1.6 1990 227,704 130,960 96,744 351.6 183.8 167.8 18.2 10.5 7.7 3.9 2.2 1.6 1991 231,246 127,319 103,926 347.7 173.5 174.2 17.5 9.6 7.8 3.8 2.1 1.7 1992 233,833 120,836 112,997 345.3 162.0 183.2 16.9 8.7 8.2 3.6 1.9 1.8 1993 236,715 116,636 120,078 343.3 153.2 190.1 16.8 8.3 8.5 3.5 1.7 1.8 1994 223,194 104,815 118,379 319.4 134.8 184.6 15.3 7.2 8.1 3.1 1.5 1.6 1995 233,180 97,583 135,597 327.7 123.1 204.6 15.4 6.4 8.9 3.1 1.3 1.8 1996 228,043 94,414 133,629 314.9 117.8 197.2 14.6 6.1 8.6 2.9 1.2 1.7 1997 228,756 92,587 136,169 313.1 115.1 198.0 14.3 5.8 8.5 2.7 1.1 1.6 1998 228,042 93,699 134,343 311.0 115.7 195.3 13.8 5.7 8.1 2.6 1.0 1.5 1999 239,874 94,162 145,712 321.9 114.8 207.1 14.1 5.5 8.6 2.5 1.0 1.5 2000 254,787 97,114 157,673 334.3 116.5 217.8 14.2 5.4 8.8 2.5 1.0 1.6 2001 284,950 105,193 179,757 367.3 124.7 242.7 15.3 5.6 9.6 2.7 1.0 1.7 2002 313,793 116,588 197,205 399.7 137.7 262.0 15.6 5.8 9.8 2.9 1.1 1.8 2003 346,329 132,044 214,285 433.1 154.1 279.0 16.0 6.1 9.9 3.1 1.2 1.9 2004 369,594 148,966 220,628 450.4 170.8 279.6 16.1 6.5 9.6 3.1 1.2 1.8 2005 393,596 160,131 233,465 461.6 179.3 282.3 15.9 6.5 9.4 3.1 1.2 1.8 2006 430,400 170,318 260,082 488.0 186.2 301.8 16.2 6.4 9.8 3.2 1.2 1.9 2007 429,813 184,905 244,908 470.1 198.1 272.0 15.8 6.8 9.0 3.0 1.3 1.7 2008 459,716 205,912 253,804 488.9 216.4 272.5 15.4 6.9 8.5 3.1 1.4 1.7 2009 482,246 222,650 259,596 505.5 231.6 273.9 13.7 6.3 7.4 3.3 1.5 1.8 2010 562,205 228,412 333,793 585.7 236.2 349.5 16.3 6.6 9.7 3.8 1.5 2.2 2011 537,905 221,235 316,670 548.5 224.4 324.1 14.9 6.1 8.8 3.5 1.4 2.1 2012 503,313 213,198 290,115 503.3 213.2 290.1 14.3 6.0 8.2 3.1 1.3 1.8 2013 464,917 198,019 266,898 458.6 196.3 262.3 13.5 5.7 7.7 2.8 1.2 1.6 2014 464,296 187,643 276,653 449.7 183.3 266.4 13.2 5.4 7.9 2.7 1.1 1.6 2015 489,156 179,628 309,528 469.2 174.4 294.8 13.2 4.9 8.4 2.7 1.0 1.7 2016 480,805 181,212 299,593 459.3 175.7 283.7 12.5 4.7 7.8 2.6 1.0 1.6 2017 528,091 185,321 342,770 497.5 179.0 318.4 13.3 4.7 8.6 2.7 1.0 1.8 2018 485,419 195,121 290,298 447.1 184.7 262.3 11.8 4.7 7.1 2.4 1.0 1.4 2019 estimate 579,914 221,534 358,380 521.8 205.3 316.5 12.8 4.9 7.9 2.7 1.0 1.7 2020 estimate 586,702 247,720 338,982 517.1 225.2 291.9 12.4 5.2 7.1 2.6 1.1 1.5 172 Table 9.2 - MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT OUTLAYS IN CURRENT AND CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1940 - 2020 In Millions of Current Dollars In Billions of Constant (FY 2012) Dollars Direct Federal Direct Federal Fiscal Year Total Grants Total Grants National National Total Nondefense Total Nondefense Defense Defense 1940 3,297 2,855 850 2,005 442 28.5 20.7 5.9 14.8 7.8 1941 6,356 6,066 4,300 1,766 290 45.7 40.8 28.4 12.4 4.9 1942 21,486 21,264 19,900 1,364 222 140.0 136.7 127.8 8.9 3.3 1943 55,539 55,321 54,700 621 218 365.6 362.8 358.7 4.0 2.9 1944 60,000 59,817 59,600 217 183 406.5 403.9 402.7 1.3 2.4 1945 56,674 56,520 56,300 220 154 411.3 409.3 408.0 1.3 2.0 1946 20,680 20,538 20,100 438 142 148.4 146.5 143.8 2.7 1.8 1947 4,693 4,094 3,483 611 599 33.0 26.2 22.4 3.9 6.8 1948 3,919 3,479 2,704 775 440 24.3 20.0 15.8 4.2 4.3 1949 3,847 3,385 2,345 1,040 462 22.8 18.6 13.0 5.5 4.2 1950 3,873 3,389 2,052 1,337 484 23.5 18.8 11.4 7.3 4.7 1951 7,400 6,834 5,486 1,348 566 40.6 35.5 28.4 7.1 5.1 1952 16,224 15,649 14,197 1,452 575 82.3 77.5 70.4 7.2 4.8 1953 22,958 22,202 20,594 1,608 756 114.7 108.6 100.9 7.7 6.2 1954 21,442 20,698 19,303 1,395 744 108.4 102.2 95.4 6.7 6.3 1955 18,004 17,184 16,094 1,090 820 89.5 82.5 77.2 5.4 7.0 1956 17,387 16,472 15,556 916 915 82.4 75.1 70.8 4.3 7.3 1957 19,613 18,465 17,324 1,141 1,148 88.3 79.8 74.6 5.2 8.6 1958 20,770 18,982 17,639 1,343 1,788 92.9 79.5 73.6 5.9 13.4 1959 22,899 19,943 18,329 1,614 2,956 104.1 82.1 75.1 7.0 22.0 1960 22,405 19,084 17,157 1,927 3,321 103.1 78.0 69.8 8.2 25.1 1961 21,860 18,807 16,791 2,016 3,053 99.5 76.4 67.9 8.5 23.1 1962 23,352 20,113 17,785 2,328 3,239 105.4 81.1 71.3 9.8 24.3 1963 25,548 21,948 19,399 2,549 3,600 113.6 87.1 76.5 10.6 26.6 1964 25,381 20,899 17,970 2,929 4,482 115.4 82.8 70.8 12.0 32.6 1965 22,263 17,278 14,231 3,047 4,985 104.0 68.3 55.9 12.3 35.7 1966 25,028 20,116 16,851 3,265 4,912 112.9 78.8 65.7 13.2 34.1 1967 29,647 24,416 21,377 3,039 5,231 129.2 94.3 82.2 12.1 34.9 1968 34,200 28,304 25,437 2,867 5,896 144.9 106.9 95.8 11.1 37.9 1969 34,952 28,787 26,235 2,552 6,165 142.5 104.8 95.2 9.5 37.7 1970 33,186 26,130 23,588 2,542 7,056 130.5 90.4 81.4 9.0 40.1 1971 31,534 23,662 20,701 2,961 7,872 118.3 77.1 67.2 9.9 41.2 1972 31,084 22,667 19,094 3,573 8,417 110.2 68.6 57.3 11.4 41.6 1973 30,183 21,318 17,624 3,694 8,865 102.0 60.6 49.4 11.3 41.3 1974 31,180 21,335 17,385 3,950 9,845 98.6 57.3 46.1 11.2 41.3 1975 34,374 23,494 18,665 4,829 10,880 96.3 58.0 45.7 12.3 38.3 1976 37,981 24,464 19,247 5,217 13,517 102.7 56.9 44.3 12.5 45.8 TQ 9,782 5,846 4,465 1,381 3,936 26.3 13.2 9.9 3.2 13.1 1977 43,484 27,320 21,556 5,764 16,164 111.6 59.0 45.9 13.1 52.6 1978 48,292 29,964 23,227 6,737 18,328 117.5 60.9 46.4 14.5 56.5 1979 57,260 36,621 28,689 7,932 20,639 128.4 69.7 53.6 16.0 58.7 1980 63,112 40,542 32,486 8,056 22,570 129.3 71.7 56.8 14.9 57.6 1981 70,104 47,881 39,101 8,780 22,222 128.5 77.8 62.8 15.0 50.7 1982 77,012 56,504 47,960 8,544 20,508 128.7 85.1 71.6 13.6 43.5 1983 87,921 67,408 59,221 8,187 20,513 138.4 95.9 83.3 12.6 42.5 1984 100,916 78,223 68,229 9,994 22,693 153.7 106.9 92.0 14.9 46.8 1985 114,873 89,973 77,956 12,017 24,901 172.5 121.9 104.3 17.6 50.6 1986 122,465 96,197 84,663 11,534 26,268 183.4 131.2 114.6 16.7 52.1 1987 126,368 102,519 89,526 12,993 23,849 187.0 141.2 122.7 18.5 45.7 1988 125,495 100,607 85,698 14,909 24,888 184.7 138.3 117.7 20.7 46.4 1989 130,100 104,805 90,490 14,315 25,296 186.9 140.9 121.7 19.2 45.9 1990 132,330 105,145 89,700 15,445 27,185 186.9 138.9 118.7 20.2 48.0 1991 134,421 106,184 89,222 16,962 28,237 185.8 137.0 115.4 21.6 48.8 1992 131,927 102,629 82,359 20,271 29,297 180.8 130.4 104.8 25.6 50.4 1993 126,412 95,242 76,141 19,101 31,170 171.0 118.2 94.4 23.8 52.8 1994 119,165 83,892 66,730 17,161 35,274 160.3 101.7 80.7 21.0 58.7 1995 118,918 79,339 59,865 19,474 39,579 157.7 93.8 70.6 23.2 63.9 1996 116,045 75,690 54,961 20,729 40,355 153.4 88.4 63.9 24.5 63.9 1997 113,635 72,150 52,403 19,747 41,485 150.1 84.4 61.1 23.3 64.7 1998 109,774 68,669 53,545 15,124 41,105 143.5 80.2 62.5 17.8 63.3 1999 118,643 74,705 53,880 20,825 43,938 153.0 86.4 62.1 24.3 66.6 2000 130,199 81,544 56,056 25,488 48,655 164.9 93.0 63.8 29.2 71.9 2001 142,207 88,804 61,039 27,765 53,403 178.0 100.8 69.4 31.5 77.2 173 Table 9.2 - MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT OUTLAYS IN CURRENT AND CONSTANT (FY 2012) DOLLARS: 1940 - 2020 In Millions of Current Dollars In Billions of Constant (FY 2012) Dollars Direct Federal Direct Federal Fiscal Year Total Grants Total Grants National National Total Nondefense Total Nondefense Defense Defense 2002 156,530 97,869 68,342 29,527 58,661 195.3 111.7 78.2 33.5 83.6 2003 164,065 104,222 74,707 29,515 59,843 202.2 118.0 84.7 33.3 84.2 2004 170,417 111,006 83,610 27,396 59,411 205.5 124.0 93.5 30.5 81.5 2005 177,671 116,823 89,474 27,349 60,848 205.9 128.1 98.2 29.9 77.8 2006 190,426 126,312 97,268 29,044 64,114 213.8 136.3 105.0 31.3 77.5 2007 209,423 138,661 107,826 30,835 70,762 227.5 147.6 114.7 32.9 79.9 2008 233,805 161,087 126,311 34,776 72,718 247.1 168.3 132.0 36.4 78.8 2009 261,818 186,606 139,713 46,893 75,212 272.5 193.5 144.7 48.8 79.0 2010 288,554 195,280 147,215 48,065 93,274 299.9 201.4 151.8 49.5 98.5 2011 287,177 190,627 141,560 49,067 96,550 292.5 192.6 143.2 49.5 99.8 2012 267,685 182,469 138,077 44,392 85,216 267.7 182.5 138.1 44.4 85.2 2013 251,471 173,033 126,904 46,129 78,438 249.4 172.3 126.5 45.8 77.0 2014 233,501 154,552 117,067 37,485 78,949 227.9 152.0 115.3 36.7 75.9 2015 226,444 149,196 108,900 40,296 77,248 219.7 146.3 107.1 39.2 73.4 2016 225,942 146,229 108,558 37,671 79,713 219.1 143.9 107.2 36.7 75.3 2017 251,873 172,410 133,976 38,434 79,463 242.1 168.4 131.5 36.9 73.8 2018 260,496 180,623 145,976 34,647 79,873 244.4 172.8 140.2 32.6 71.6 2019 estimate 291,437 207,216 161,268 45,948 84,221 267.4 194.2 151.8 42.4 73.3 2020 estimate 323,324 229,697 183,422 46,275 93,627 290.0 211.0 169.2 41.8 79.0 174 Table 9.3 - MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT OUTLAYS IN PERCENTAGE TERMS: 1940 - 2020 As Percentages of Total Outlays As Percentages of GDP Direct Federal Direct Federal Fiscal Year Total Grants Total National National Total Nondefense Total Nondefense Defense Defense 1940 34.8 30.2 9.0 21.2 4.7 3.4 2.9 0.9 2.0 1941 46.6 44.4 31.5 12.9 2.1 5.5 5.2 3.7 1.5 1942 61.1 60.5 56.6 3.9 0.6 14.5 14.4 13.5 0.9 1943 70.7 70.4 69.6 0.8 0.3 30.1 30.0 29.6 0.3 1944 65.7 65.5 65.3 0.2 0.2 28.1 28.0 27.9 0.1 1945 61.1 61.0 60.7 0.2 0.2 25.0 25.0 24.9 0.1 1946 37.4 37.2 36.4 0.8 0.3 9.1 9.0 8.8 0.2 1947 13.6 11.9 10.1 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.5 0.3 1948 13.2 11.7 9.1 2.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.3 1949 9.9 8.7 6.0 2.7 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.4 1950 9.1 8.0 4.8 3.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.5 1951 16.3 15.0 12.1 3.0 1.2 2.3 2.1 1.7 0.4 1952 24.0 23.1 21.0 2.1 0.8 4.5 4.4 4.0 0.4 1953 30.2 29.2 27.1 2.1 1.0 6.0 5.8 5.4 0.4 1954 30.3 29.2 27.2 2.0 1.1 5.5 5.3 5.0 0.4 1955 26.3 25.1 23.5 1.6 1.2 4.4 4.2 4.0 0.3 1956 24.6 23.3 22.0 1.3 1.3 4.0 3.8 3.5 0.2 1957 25.6 24.1 22.6 1.5 1.5 4.2 4.0 3.7 0.2 1958 25.2 23.0 21.4 1.6 2.2 4.4 4.0 3.7 0.3 1959 24.9 21.7 19.9 1.8 3.2 4.5 4.0 3.6 0.3 1960 24.3 20.7 18.6 2.1 3.6 4.2 3.6 3.2 0.4 1961 22.4 19.2 17.2 2.1 3.1 4.0 3.4 3.1 0.4 1962 21.9 18.8 16.6 2.2 3.0 4.0 3.4 3.0 0.4 1963 23.0 19.7 17.4 2.3 3.2 4.1 3.6 3.1 0.4 1964 21.4 17.6 15.2 2.5 3.8 3.8 3.2 2.7 0.4 1965 18.8 14.6 12.0 2.6 4.2 3.1 2.4 2.0 0.4 1966 18.6 15.0 12.5 2.4 3.7 3.2 2.6 2.2 0.4 1967 18.8 15.5 13.6 1.9 3.3 3.5 2.9 2.6 0.4 1968 19.2 15.9 14.3 1.6 3.3 3.8 3.2 2.8 0.3 1969 19.0 15.7 14.3 1.4 3.4 3.6 2.9 2.7 0.3 1970 17.0 13.4 12.1 1.3 3.6 3.2 2.5 2.3 0.2 1971 15.0 11.3 9.8 1.4 3.7 2.8 2.1 1.9 0.3 1972 13.5 9.8 8.3 1.5 3.6 2.6 1.9 1.6 0.3 1973 12.3 8.7 7.2 1.5 3.6 2.2 1.6 1.3 0.3 1974 11.6 7.9 6.5 1.5 3.7 2.1 1.4 1.2 0.3 1975 10.3 7.1 5.6 1.5 3.3 2.1 1.5 1.2 0.3 1976 10.2 6.6 5.2 1.4 3.6 2.1 1.4 1.1 0.3 TQ 10.2 6.1 4.7 1.4 4.1 2.1 1.2 0.9 0.3 1977 10.6 6.7 5.3 1.4 3.9 2.1 1.3 1.1 0.3 1978 10.5 6.5 5.1 1.5 4.0 2.1 1.3 1.0 0.3 1979 11.4 7.3 5.7 1.6 4.1 2.2 1.4 1.1 0.3 1980 10.7 6.9 5.5 1.4 3.8 2.3 1.5 1.2 0.3 1981 10.3 7.1 5.8 1.3 3.3 2.2 1.5 1.2 0.3 1982 10.3 7.6 6.4 1.1 2.8 2.3 1.7 1.4 0.3 1983 10.9 8.3 7.3 1.0 2.5 2.5 1.9 1.7 0.2 1984 11.8 9.2 8.0 1.2 2.7 2.6 2.0 1.7 0.3 1985 12.1 9.5 8.2 1.3 2.6 2.7 2.1 1.8 0.3 1986 12.4 9.7 8.5 1.2 2.7 2.7 2.1 1.9 0.3 1987 12.6 10.2 8.9 1.3 2.4 2.7 2.2 1.9 0.3 1988 11.8 9.5 8.1 1.4 2.3 2.4 2.0 1.7 0.3 1989 11.4 9.2 7.9 1.3 2.2 2.3 1.9 1.6 0.3 1990 10.6 8.4 7.2 1.2 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.5 0.3 1991 10.2 8.0 6.7 1.3 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.5 0.3 1992 9.5 7.4 6.0 1.5 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.3 0.3 1993 9.0 6.8 5.4 1.4 2.2 1.9 1.4 1.1 0.3 1994 8.2 5.7 4.6 1.2 2.4 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.2 1995 7.8 5.2 3.9 1.3 2.6 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.3 1996 7.4 4.9 3.5 1.3 2.6 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.3 1997 7.1 4.5 3.3 1.2 2.6 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.2 1998 6.6 4.2 3.2 0.9 2.5 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.2 1999 7.0 4.4 3.2 1.2 2.6 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.2 2000 7.3 4.6 3.1 1.4 2.7 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.3 2001 7.6 4.8 3.3 1.5 2.9 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.3 2002 7.8 4.9 3.4 1.5 2.9 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.3 175 Grants 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Table 9.3 - MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT OUTLAYS IN PERCENTAGE TERMS: 1940 - 2020 As Percentages of Total Outlays As Percentages of GDP Direct Federal Direct Federal Fiscal Year Total Grants Total National National Total Nondefense Total Nondefense Defense Defense 2003 7.6 4.8 3.5 1.4 2.8 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.3 2004 7.4 4.8 3.6 1.2 2.6 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.2 2005 7.2 4.7 3.6 1.1 2.5 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.2 2006 7.2 4.8 3.7 1.1 2.4 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.2 2007 7.7 5.1 4.0 1.1 2.6 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.2 2008 7.8 5.4 4.2 1.2 2.4 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.2 2009 7.4 5.3 4.0 1.3 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.0 0.3 2010 8.3 5.6 4.3 1.4 2.7 1.9 1.3 1.0 0.3 2011 8.0 5.3 3.9 1.4 2.7 1.9 1.2 0.9 0.3 2012 7.6 5.2 3.9 1.3 2.4 1.7 1.1 0.9 0.3 2013 7.3 5.0 3.7 1.3 2.3 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.3 2014 6.7 4.4 3.3 1.1 2.3 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.2 2015 6.1 4.0 2.9 1.1 2.1 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.2 2016 5.9 3.8 2.8 1.0 2.1 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.2 2017 6.3 4.3 3.4 1.0 2.0 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.2 2018 6.3 4.4 3.6 0.8 1.9 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.2 2019 estimate 6.4 4.6 3.6 1.0 1.9 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.2 2020 estimate 6.8 4.8 3.9 1.0 2.0 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.2 176 Grants 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Table 9.4 - NATIONAL DEFENSE OUTLAYS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC DIRECT PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1940 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Department of Defense - Military Atomic Energy and Other Defense Construction and Fiscal Year Total Major Military Family Total Procurement Total Rehabilitation of Equipment Construction Housing Physical Assets 1940 850 850 N/A N/A .......... .......... .......... .......... 1941 4,300 4,300 2,100 2,200 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1942 19,900 19,900 12,300 7,600 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1943 54,700 54,700 42,000 12,700 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1944 59,600 59,600 55,000 4,600 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1945 56,300 56,300 53,800 2,500 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1946 20,100 20,100 19,100 1,000 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1947 3,483 3,432 3,000 432 .......... 51 51 .......... 1948 2,704 2,395 2,000 395 .......... 309 209 100 1949 2,345 1,874 1,723 151 .......... 471 312 159 1950 2,052 1,650 1,500 150 .......... 402 240 162 1951 5,486 4,741 4,300 441 .......... 745 479 266 1952 14,197 12,751 11,000 1,751 .......... 1,446 1,071 375 1953 20,594 19,057 17,144 1,913 .......... 1,537 1,054 483 1954 19,303 17,701 15,957 1,744 .......... 1,602 1,069 533 1955 16,094 14,553 12,838 1,715 .......... 1,541 771 770 1956 15,556 14,313 12,227 2,079 7 1,243 217 1,026 1957 17,324 15,831 13,488 1,968 375 1,493 233 1,260 1958 17,639 16,002 14,083 1,753 166 1,637 182 1,455 1959 18,329 16,605 14,409 1,948 248 1,724 171 1,553 1960 17,157 15,471 13,334 1,626 511 1,686 176 1,510 1961 16,791 15,109 13,095 1,605 409 1,682 228 1,454 1962 17,785 16,238 14,532 1,347 359 1,547 203 1,344 1963 19,399 17,922 16,632 1,144 146 1,477 184 1,293 1964 17,970 16,643 15,351 1,026 266 1,327 139 1,188 1965 14,231 13,139 11,839 1,007 293 1,092 127 965 1966 16,851 15,940 14,339 1,536 65 911 109 802 1967 21,377 20,613 19,012 1,535 66 764 73 691 1968 25,437 24,625 23,283 1,281 61 812 91 721 1969 26,235 25,513 23,988 1,389 136 722 137 585 1970 23,588 22,901 21,584 1,168 149 687 153 534 1971 20,701 20,061 18,858 1,095 108 640 146 494 1972 19,094 18,389 17,131 1,108 150 705 127 578 1973 17,624 16,981 15,654 1,119 208 643 154 489 1974 17,385 16,857 15,241 1,407 209 528 124 404 1975 18,665 17,803 16,042 1,462 299 862 179 683 1976 19,247 18,295 15,964 2,019 312 952 180 772 TQ 4,465 4,206 3,766 376 64 259 45 214 1977 21,556 20,378 18,178 1,914 286 1,178 218 960 1978 23,227 22,284 19,976 1,932 376 943 274 669 1979 28,689 27,606 25,519 1,965 122 1,083 618 465 1980 32,486 31,470 29,146 2,237 87 1,016 563 453 1981 39,101 37,587 35,310 2,175 102 1,514 848 666 1982 47,960 46,190 43,234 2,782 174 1,770 880 890 1983 59,221 57,000 53,513 3,280 207 2,221 1,057 1,164 1984 68,229 65,518 61,761 3,524 233 2,712 1,323 1,389 1985 77,956 74,729 70,325 4,083 321 3,227 1,424 1,803 1986 84,663 81,635 76,500 4,792 343 3,028 1,490 1,538 1987 89,526 86,771 80,761 5,523 487 2,755 1,108 1,647 1988 85,698 83,114 77,109 5,442 563 2,584 906 1,678 1989 90,490 87,175 81,711 4,843 622 3,315 849 2,465 1990 89,700 85,890 80,858 4,425 607 3,809 1,264 2,545 1991 89,222 85,328 82,058 2,867 402 3,894 1,277 2,617 1992 82,359 78,278 74,617 3,362 298 4,081 1,424 2,657 1993 76,141 74,156 70,101 3,635 421 1,985 1,204 781 1994 66,730 65,582 61,820 3,162 600 1,148 777 371 1995 59,865 59,418 54,926 3,574 918 447 245 202 1996 54,961 53,635 49,274 3,283 1,078 1,326 933 393 1997 52,403 51,677 47,595 3,070 1,012 726 511 215 1998 53,545 52,545 48,229 3,433 883 1,000 688 312 177 Table 9.4 - NATIONAL DEFENSE OUTLAYS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC DIRECT PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1940 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Department of Defense - Military Atomic Energy and Other Defense Construction and Fiscal Year Total Major Military Family Total Procurement Total Rehabilitation of Equipment Construction Housing Physical Assets 1999 53,880 52,893 48,861 3,301 731 987 771 216 2000 56,056 55,429 51,294 3,442 693 627 511 116 2001 61,039 60,358 56,145 3,522 691 681 575 106 2002 68,342 67,532 62,587 4,058 887 810 707 103 2003 74,707 73,784 67,891 5,112 781 923 795 128 2004 83,610 82,560 76,193 5,516 851 1,050 754 296 2005 89,474 88,423 82,261 5,368 794 1,051 663 388 2006 97,268 96,170 89,711 5,588 871 1,098 654 444 2007 107,826 106,915 99,629 6,145 1,141 911 630 281 2008 126,311 125,603 117,346 6,974 1,283 708 381 327 2009 139,713 139,209 129,202 9,109 898 504 222 282 2010 147,215 146,465 133,583 11,790 1,092 750 130 620 2011 141,560 141,021 127,987 11,845 1,189 539 69 470 2012 138,077 137,570 124,701 11,967 902 507 65 442 2013 126,904 126,535 114,885 11,166 484 369 51 318 2014 117,067 116,658 107,274 9,152 232 409 27 382 2015 108,900 108,713 101,056 7,494 163 187 3 184 2016 108,558 108,120 101,922 6,031 167 438 109 329 2017 133,976 133,154 126,963 6,044 147 822 390 432 2018 145,976 144,788 138,347 6,293 148 1,188 754 434 2019 estimate 161,268 159,305 152,059 6,953 293 1,963 1,534 429 2020 estimate 183,422 181,236 172,827 8,090 319 2,186 1,721 465 N/A: Not available. Note: The increase in outlays for defense physical investment from 2016 to 2017 is due in part to a redefinition of categories, as certain defense outlays for acquisition of major equipment were formerly classified as research and development prior to 2017. The amounts reclassified were $27.0 billion in budget authority and $24.5 billion in outlays. 178 Table 9.5 - NONDEFENSE OUTLAYS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC DIRECT PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1940 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Investments in Physical Capital Construction and Rehabilitation of Physical Assets Water and Power Projects Acquisition of Bonneville Fiscal Year Total Major and Other Tennessee Total Other Nuclear and Corps of Bureau of Equipment Valley Total Power Other Engineers Reclamation Marketing Authority Agencies 1940 2,005 2,005 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A .......... N/A .......... 1941 1,766 1,766 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A .......... N/A .......... 1942 1,364 1,364 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A .......... N/A .......... 1943 621 621 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A .......... N/A .......... 1944 217 217 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A .......... N/A .......... 1945 220 220 152 68 37 5 42 .......... 68 .......... 1946 438 438 248 172 48 9 20 .......... 190 .......... 1947 611 611 408 266 93 16 33 .......... 203 .......... 1948 775 775 577 360 151 18 48 .......... 198 .......... 1949 1,040 995 732 448 212 25 47 .......... 263 45 1950 1,337 1,320 915 540 292 32 51 .......... 405 17 1951 1,348 1,317 933 514 260 38 121 .......... 384 31 1952 1,452 1,312 975 486 208 51 230 .......... 337 140 1953 1,608 1,423 1,022 561 192 57 212 .......... 401 185 1954 1,395 1,289 923 400 163 45 299 16 366 106 1955 1,090 1,040 788 393 128 34 217 16 252 50 1956 916 893 646 406 124 28 62 26 247 23 1957 1,141 1,105 742 473 130 28 81 30 363 36 1958 1,343 1,279 910 554 183 26 120 27 369 64 1959 1,614 1,542 976 620 197 19 104 36 566 72 1960 1,927 1,803 1,002 711 128 17 104 42 801 124 1961 2,016 1,939 1,210 759 202 25 159 65 729 77 1962 2,328 2,156 1,321 774 261 17 199 70 835 172 1963 2,549 2,386 1,361 876 270 15 135 65 1,025 163 1964 2,929 2,754 1,408 904 262 30 149 63 1,346 175 1965 3,047 2,879 1,429 931 246 38 135 79 1,450 168 1966 3,265 3,081 1,551 997 278 53 156 67 1,530 184 1967 3,039 2,809 1,634 1,057 231 106 183 57 1,175 230 1968 2,867 2,536 1,641 978 211 144 232 76 895 331 1969 2,552 2,292 1,535 841 201 109 278 106 757 260 1970 2,542 2,306 1,495 765 174 102 348 106 811 236 1971 2,961 2,714 1,855 952 223 102 481 97 859 247 1972 3,573 3,389 2,096 1,084 241 96 580 95 1,293 184 1973 3,694 3,433 1,980 1,018 311 82 461 108 1,453 261 1974 3,950 3,599 2,260 1,088 312 94 510 256 1,339 351 1975 4,829 4,394 3,022 1,325 320 133 913 331 1,372 435 1976 5,217 4,869 3,284 1,331 385 119 1,045 404 1,585 348 TQ 1,381 1,291 881 377 155 24 247 78 410 90 1977 5,764 5,396 3,796 1,442 603 30 1,204 517 1,600 368 1978 6,737 6,306 4,213 1,540 500 50 1,570 553 2,093 431 1979 7,932 7,236 4,814 1,684 518 18 1,813 781 2,422 696 1980 8,056 7,390 4,642 1,751 559 27 1,592 713 2,749 666 1981 8,780 7,735 4,891 1,634 555 59 1,912 731 2,844 1,045 1982 8,544 7,238 4,368 1,611 567 75 1,700 415 2,870 1,306 1983 8,187 7,369 4,632 1,419 582 100 1,361 1,171 2,736 819 1984 9,994 7,374 3,899 1,429 608 233 492 1,138 3,475 2,619 1985 12,017 8,410 4,620 1,307 657 186 1,479 992 3,790 3,607 1986 11,534 8,219 4,251 1,180 738 262 1,327 744 3,968 3,315 1987 12,993 8,803 4,584 1,305 678 248 1,619 734 4,219 4,190 1988 14,909 9,540 4,801 1,608 662 266 1,529 737 4,738 5,369 1989 14,315 9,101 4,384 1,712 717 199 1,086 669 4,717 5,214 1990 15,445 10,280 5,104 1,832 666 200 1,701 705 5,176 5,165 1991 16,962 11,483 4,712 1,687 674 184 1,309 858 6,771 5,479 1992 20,271 14,110 6,134 1,723 604 350 2,520 937 7,976 6,161 1993 19,101 13,016 4,907 1,468 505 434 1,589 911 8,109 6,085 1994 17,161 11,663 3,900 1,456 470 302 675 998 7,763 5,498 1995 19,474 13,324 4,970 1,591 429 154 1,972 824 8,354 6,150 1996 20,729 13,310 4,008 1,550 474 120 1,322 542 9,302 7,419 1997 19,747 12,909 3,032 1,479 344 135 686 388 9,877 6,838 1998 15,124 8,561 3,065 1,776 434 172 601 82 5,496 6,563 1999 20,825 13,559 3,748 2,389 301 156 793 109 9,811 7,266 2000 25,488 16,445 4,729 3,104 364 151 997 113 11,716 9,043 2001 27,765 17,885 5,912 3,744 636 164 1,269 99 11,973 9,880 179 Table 9.5 - NONDEFENSE OUTLAYS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC DIRECT PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1940 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Investments in Physical Capital Construction and Rehabilitation of Physical Assets Water and Power Projects Acquisition of Bonneville Fiscal Year Total Major and Other Tennessee Total Other Nuclear and Corps of Bureau of Equipment Valley Total Power Other Engineers Reclamation Marketing Authority Agencies 2002 29,527 18,264 5,227 3,233 451 135 1,322 86 13,037 11,263 2003 29,515 18,046 4,788 2,568 488 77 1,605 50 13,258 11,469 2004 27,396 14,693 4,346 2,238 522 77 1,451 58 10,347 12,703 2005 27,349 15,316 4,056 2,389 260 74 1,221 112 11,260 12,033 2006 29,044 16,306 4,515 2,500 515 76 1,247 177 11,791 12,738 2007 30,835 16,618 4,649 2,613 569 107 1,195 165 11,969 14,217 2008 34,776 19,203 5,101 2,330 478 104 1,996 193 14,102 15,573 2009 46,893 29,613 6,610 2,816 690 101 1,789 1,214 23,003 17,280 2010 48,065 31,650 10,722 4,437 746 189 2,015 3,335 20,928 16,415 2011 49,067 32,468 13,896 4,583 538 512 2,554 5,709 18,572 16,599 2012 44,392 28,416 13,745 3,298 850 416 2,028 7,153 14,671 15,976 2013 46,129 30,287 11,819 2,551 509 680 2,051 6,028 18,468 15,842 2014 37,485 21,714 9,958 2,632 573 674 2,496 3,583 11,756 15,771 2015 40,296 24,093 9,468 2,842 455 640 3,331 2,200 14,625 16,203 2016 37,671 20,964 6,091 2,416 485 313 2,710 167 14,873 16,707 2017 38,434 22,477 6,651 2,601 504 313 2,154 1,079 15,826 15,957 2018 34,647 18,496 4,015 1,333 525 223 1,692 242 14,481 16,151 2019 estimate 45,948 26,121 7,527 4,172 674 629 1,907 145 18,594 19,827 2020 estimate 46,275 26,106 8,145 5,138 744 271 1,872 120 17,961 20,169 N/A: Not available. 180 Table 9.6 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Nondefense: Transportation: Highways Urban mass transportation (1) Airports Other Total transportation Community and regional development: Block grants Urban renewal Public works acceleration/local public works Other Total community and regional development Natural resources and environment: Pollution control facilities Other Total natural resources and environment Other nondefense: Education, training, employment, and social services Health Veterans Housing assistance Other Total other nondefense Total nondefense National defense (2) Total * $500 thousand or less. (1) Includes relatively small amounts for railroads. (2) National Guard shelters and civil defense. Note: Grants for 1940 totaled $442 million, composed of $165 million for highways and $277 million for public works. 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 172 .......... .......... .......... 172 152 .......... .......... .......... 152 88 .......... .......... .......... 88 48 .......... .......... .......... 48 33 .......... .......... .......... 33 44 .......... .......... .......... 44 183 .......... .......... .......... 183 327 .......... 6 .......... 333 403 .......... 30 .......... 433 432 .......... 33 .......... 465 .......... .......... 117 .......... 117 .......... .......... 68 .......... 68 .......... .......... 130 .......... 130 .......... .......... 134 .......... 134 .......... .......... 119 .......... 119 .......... .......... 68 .......... 68 .......... .......... 31 .......... 31 .......... .......... 8 .......... 8 .......... .......... 8 .......... 8 .......... .......... 1 .......... 1 .......... 1 1 .......... 1 1 .......... 1 1 .......... 1 1 .......... 1 1 .......... 1 1 .......... 1 1 .......... 2 2 .......... 3 3 1 5 6 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 290 .......... 290 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 222 .......... 222 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 218 .......... 218 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 183 .......... 183 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 154 .......... 154 .......... .......... 29 .......... .......... 29 142 .......... 142 .......... .......... 384 .......... .......... 384 599 .......... 599 .......... 1 96 .......... .......... 97 440 .......... 440 .......... 10 7 .......... .......... 17 462 .......... 462 .......... 9 3 .......... .......... 12 484 .......... 484 181 Table 9.6 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Nondefense: Transportation: Highways Urban mass transportation (1) Airports Other Total transportation Community and regional development: Block grants Urban renewal Public works acceleration/local public works Other Total community and regional development Natural resources and environment: Pollution control facilities Other Total natural resources and environment Other nondefense: Education, training, employment, and social services Health Veterans Housing assistance Other Total other nondefense Total nondefense National defense (2) Total * $500 thousand or less. (1) Includes relatively small amounts for railroads. (2) National Guard shelters and civil defense. Note: Grants for 1940 totaled $442 million, composed of $165 million for highways and $277 million for public works. 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 396 .......... 30 .......... 426 415 .......... 33 .......... 448 501 .......... 27 .......... 528 522 .......... 18 .......... 540 586 .......... 8 .......... 594 729 .......... 17 .......... 746 950 .......... 21 .......... 971 1,511 .......... 43 .......... 1,554 2,601 .......... 57 .......... 2,658 2,927 .......... 57 .......... 2,984 .......... .......... * .......... * .......... .......... 4 .......... 4 .......... 8 .......... 5 13 .......... 12 .......... 5 17 .......... 34 .......... 6 40 .......... 14 .......... 7 21 .......... 30 .......... 4 34 .......... 37 .......... 4 41 .......... 77 .......... 3 80 .......... 104 .......... 2 106 1 5 6 1 6 7 .......... 8 8 .......... 16 16 .......... 21 21 .......... 25 25 2 24 26 19 29 49 36 36 72 40 47 88 62 70 1 .......... .......... 133 566 .......... 566 55 61 .......... .......... .......... 116 575 .......... 575 134 60 .......... .......... .......... 194 743 13 756 105 52 .......... .......... .......... 157 730 14 744 121 34 .......... .......... .......... 155 810 10 820 89 24 .......... .......... .......... 113 905 10 915 67 32 .......... .......... 9 108 1,139 9 1,148 74 50 .......... .......... 13 137 1,780 8 1,788 66 69 .......... .......... 3 138 2,948 8 2,956 71 64 .......... .......... 3 138 3,316 5 3,321 182 Table 9.6 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Nondefense: Transportation: Highways Urban mass transportation (1) Airports Other Total transportation Community and regional development: Block grants Urban renewal Public works acceleration/local public works Other Total community and regional development Natural resources and environment: Pollution control facilities Other Total natural resources and environment Other nondefense: Education, training, employment, and social services Health Veterans Housing assistance Other Total other nondefense Total nondefense National defense (2) Total * $500 thousand or less. (1) Includes relatively small amounts for railroads. (2) National Guard shelters and civil defense. Note: Grants for 1940 totaled $442 million, composed of $165 million for highways and $277 million for public works. 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 2,610 .......... 65 .......... 2,674 2,769 .......... 58 .......... 2,827 3,008 .......... 52 .......... 3,059 3,626 .......... 65 .......... 3,691 3,998 11 71 .......... 4,079 3,979 16 54 .......... 4,049 3,984 42 64 .......... 4,090 4,138 66 75 .......... 4,279 4,121 141 104 .......... 4,366 4,311 119 83 .......... 4,514 .......... 144 .......... 1 145 .......... 169 .......... * 170 .......... 199 15 2 217 .......... 212 257 14 484 .......... 281 288 13 582 .......... 313 85 22 420 .......... 370 19 105 495 .......... 475 5 294 774 .......... 534 2 428 964 .......... 1,054 1 570 1,624 44 46 90 42 52 94 52 88 140 66 78 144 75 84 159 88 105 193 99 121 220 133 176 308 161 145 306 176 189 365 59 68 .......... .......... 5 132 3,042 11 3,053 42 72 .......... .......... 18 132 3,223 16 3,239 53 72 .......... .......... 32 157 3,572 28 3,600 39 64 .......... .......... 38 141 4,460 22 4,482 50 69 .......... .......... 27 146 4,966 19 4,985 119 96 .......... .......... 24 239 4,901 11 4,912 236 142 .......... .......... 38 416 5,221 10 5,231 297 200 .......... .......... 27 524 5,885 11 5,896 293 171 .......... .......... 49 513 6,149 16 6,165 257 230 .......... .......... 50 537 7,040 16 7,056 183 Table 9.6 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Nondefense: Transportation: Highways Urban mass transportation (1) Airports Other Total transportation Community and regional development: Block grants Urban renewal Public works acceleration/local public works Other Total community and regional development Natural resources and environment: Pollution control facilities Other Total natural resources and environment Other nondefense: Education, training, employment, and social services Health Veterans Housing assistance Other Total other nondefense Total nondefense National defense (2) Total * $500 thousand or less. (1) Includes relatively small amounts for railroads. (2) National Guard shelters and civil defense. Note: Grants for 1940 totaled $442 million, composed of $165 million for highways and $277 million for public works. 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 4,570 187 62 .......... 4,818 4,601 259 106 .......... 4,966 4,644 358 232 .......... 5,235 4,378 503 243 .......... 5,123 4,589 687 292 .......... 5,568 6,144 946 269 .......... 7,360 1,605 265 26 .......... 1,896 5,884 1,307 335 .......... 7,526 5,940 1,358 562 .......... 7,860 7,119 2,278 556 .......... 9,953 .......... 1,026 * 900 1,927 .......... 1,218 * 1,104 2,322 .......... 1,010 .......... 1,279 2,289 .......... 1,205 .......... 1,180 2,386 38 1,374 .......... 1,082 2,494 983 1,166 .......... 667 2,816 439 295 .......... 159 894 2,089 899 577 604 4,169 2,464 392 3,057 628 6,542 3,161 298 1,741 895 6,095 478 169 648 413 214 627 684 230 915 1,553 299 1,852 1,938 338 2,276 2,429 360 2,788 920 97 1,016 3,530 376 3,906 3,187 410 3,597 3,756 513 4,269 222 221 .......... .......... 22 465 7,858 14 7,872 146 294 .......... .......... 38 478 8,393 24 8,417 124 211 .......... .......... 60 395 8,834 31 8,865 74 256 .......... .......... 114 444 9,806 39 9,845 86 306 .......... .......... 111 502 10,840 41 10,880 44 361 .......... .......... 89 494 13,458 60 13,517 29 64 .......... .......... 28 121 3,927 9 3,936 66 330 .......... .......... 98 494 16,095 69 16,164 12 212 .......... .......... 80 305 18,304 24 18,328 27 132 .......... 11 96 265 20,582 57 20,639 184 Table 9.6 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Nondefense: Transportation: Highways Urban mass transportation (1) Airports Other Total transportation Community and regional development: Block grants Urban renewal Public works acceleration/local public works Other Total community and regional development Natural resources and environment: Pollution control facilities Other Total natural resources and environment Other nondefense: Education, training, employment, and social services Health Veterans Housing assistance Other Total other nondefense Total nondefense National defense (2) Total * $500 thousand or less. (1) Includes relatively small amounts for railroads. (2) National Guard shelters and civil defense. Note: Grants for 1940 totaled $442 million, composed of $165 million for highways and $277 million for public works. 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 8,952 2,072 590 .......... 11,614 8,832 2,599 469 .......... 11,900 7,730 2,593 339 .......... 10,662 8,759 2,785 453 .......... 11,997 10,372 3,146 694 .......... 14,212 12,685 2,473 789 .......... 15,947 13,939 2,754 853 .......... 17,547 12,478 2,577 917 .......... 15,971 13,714 2,425 825 .......... 16,965 13,240 2,686 1,135 .......... 17,061 4,126 206 416 1,098 5,846 4,042 167 83 1,301 5,593 3,792 101 40 1,239 5,170 4,005 38 .......... 679 4,722 4,273 24 1 598 4,896 4,314 28 .......... 655 4,997 3,787 13 .......... 731 4,531 3,322 .......... .......... 676 3,998 3,266 .......... .......... 780 4,046 2,948 .......... .......... 946 3,894 4,343 556 4,899 3,881 616 4,498 3,756 643 4,399 2,983 572 3,555 2,619 666 3,285 2,936 666 3,602 3,158 654 3,812 2,961 606 3,567 2,600 657 3,257 2,498 600 3,098 25 10 .......... 18 102 155 22,514 56 22,570 14 32 .......... 24 128 198 22,189 33 22,222 37 11 .......... 28 170 246 20,477 31 20,508 36 55 .......... 23 80 194 20,468 45 20,513 42 .......... .......... 19 193 254 22,647 46 22,693 59 .......... .......... 10 224 293 24,838 62 24,901 51 .......... .......... 25 204 280 26,170 98 26,268 42 .......... .......... 25 136 203 23,740 109 23,849 55 .......... .......... 294 162 511 24,779 109 24,888 77 .......... .......... 788 211 1,077 25,130 166 25,296 185 Table 9.6 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Nondefense: Transportation: Highways Urban mass transportation (1) Airports Other Total transportation Community and regional development: Block grants Urban renewal Public works acceleration/local public works Other Total community and regional development Natural resources and environment: Pollution control facilities Other Total natural resources and environment Other nondefense: Education, training, employment, and social services Health Veterans Housing assistance Other Total other nondefense Total nondefense National defense (2) Total * $500 thousand or less. (1) Includes relatively small amounts for railroads. (2) National Guard shelters and civil defense. Note: Grants for 1940 totaled $442 million, composed of $165 million for highways and $277 million for public works. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 13,961 3,165 1,220 .......... 18,346 14,197 3,230 1,541 .......... 18,967 15,038 2,778 1,672 * 19,488 16,177 3,078 1,931 * 21,187 18,419 2,563 1,620 1 22,603 19,200 3,581 1,826 1 24,608 19,644 3,723 1,655 1 25,023 20,498 4,079 1,489 .......... 26,066 20,036 3,945 1,511 .......... 25,492 22,722 4,067 1,565 .......... 28,354 2,818 .......... .......... 921 3,739 2,976 .......... .......... 760 3,736 3,090 .......... .......... 738 3,828 3,198 .......... .......... 526 3,724 3,651 .......... .......... 811 4,462 4,333 .......... .......... 989 5,322 4,545 .......... .......... 1,183 5,728 4,517 .......... .......... 1,235 5,752 4,621 .......... .......... 1,068 5,689 4,804 .......... .......... 1,027 5,831 2,533 734 3,267 2,714 761 3,475 2,631 773 3,404 2,358 816 3,174 2,219 877 3,096 2,671 999 3,670 2,368 929 3,297 2,319 985 3,304 2,084 832 2,916 2,180 922 3,102 58 .......... .......... 1,408 213 1,679 27,031 154 27,185 25 .......... .......... 1,701 223 1,949 28,127 110 28,237 48 .......... .......... 2,132 172 2,352 29,073 225 29,297 -44 .......... .......... 2,929 140 3,025 31,110 60 31,170 76 .......... .......... 4,855 167 5,097 35,258 15 35,274 40 .......... .......... 5,762 170 5,972 39,572 7 39,579 143 .......... .......... 6,007 141 6,291 40,339 16 40,355 73 .......... .......... 6,015 275 6,363 41,485 .......... 41,485 38 .......... .......... 6,388 577 7,003 41,100 5 41,105 17 .......... .......... 6,368 266 6,651 43,938 .......... 43,938 186 Table 9.6 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Nondefense: Transportation: Highways Urban mass transportation (1) Airports Other Total transportation Community and regional development: Block grants Urban renewal Public works acceleration/local public works Other Total community and regional development Natural resources and environment: Pollution control facilities Other Total natural resources and environment Other nondefense: Education, training, employment, and social services Health Veterans Housing assistance Other Total other nondefense Total nondefense National defense (2) Total * $500 thousand or less. (1) Includes relatively small amounts for railroads. (2) National Guard shelters and civil defense. Note: Grants for 1940 totaled $442 million, composed of $165 million for highways and $277 million for public works. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 24,909 5,118 1,578 .......... 31,605 27,206 6,795 2,020 .......... 36,021 30,115 7,384 2,860 .......... 40,359 30,379 7,356 2,681 .......... 40,416 30,188 7,587 3,131 .......... 40,906 31,433 7,861 3,530 .......... 42,824 33,975 8,450 3,841 .......... 46,266 34,373 8,987 3,874 .......... 47,234 36,747 9,847 3,808 .......... 50,402 39,358 11,188 3,938 .......... 54,484 4,955 .......... .......... 1,084 6,039 4,939 .......... .......... 1,330 6,269 5,429 .......... .......... 1,287 6,716 5,569 .......... .......... 1,401 6,970 5,388 .......... .......... 1,414 6,802 4,985 .......... .......... 1,428 6,413 5,012 .......... .......... 1,312 6,324 10,867 .......... .......... 1,256 12,123 8,935 .......... .......... 1,330 10,265 6,408 .......... .......... 1,675 8,083 2,700 921 3,621 2,720 988 3,708 2,538 974 3,512 2,883 1,020 3,903 2,066 1,426 3,492 2,021 1,567 3,588 1,740 1,689 3,429 1,837 1,646 3,483 2,484 1,662 4,146 2,355 1,718 4,073 19 .......... .......... 7,160 211 7,390 48,655 .......... 48,655 24 .......... .......... 7,198 183 7,405 53,403 .......... 53,403 233 .......... .......... 7,720 121 8,074 58,661 .......... 58,661 613 .......... .......... 7,827 114 8,554 59,843 .......... 59,843 441 .......... .......... 7,659 111 8,211 59,411 .......... 59,411 118 .......... .......... 7,687 218 8,023 60,848 .......... 60,848 73 .......... .......... 7,750 272 8,095 64,114 .......... 64,114 54 .......... .......... 7,632 236 7,922 70,762 .......... 70,762 33 .......... .......... 7,629 243 7,905 72,718 .......... 72,718 81 .......... .......... 7,771 720 8,572 75,212 .......... 75,212 187 Table 9.6 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Nondefense: Transportation: Highways Urban mass transportation (1) Airports Other Total transportation Community and regional development: Block grants Urban renewal Public works acceleration/local public works Other Total community and regional development Natural resources and environment: Pollution control facilities Other Total natural resources and environment Other nondefense: Education, training, employment, and social services Health Veterans Housing assistance Other Total other nondefense Total nondefense National defense (2) Total * $500 thousand or less. (1) Includes relatively small amounts for railroads. (2) National Guard shelters and civil defense. Note: Grants for 1940 totaled $442 million, composed of $165 million for highways and $277 million for public works. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 estimate 43,040 12,973 3,882 .......... 59,895 44,323 12,102 3,259 240 59,924 43,896 12,630 3,012 211 59,749 43,427 12,286 3,519 212 59,444 42,952 14,633 3,100 416 61,101 42,002 14,199 2,988 470 59,659 43,416 15,776 2,963 417 62,572 43,644 16,449 3,129 369 63,591 44,449 14,718 4,036 449 63,652 44,977 15,412 4,987 564 65,940 7,043 .......... .......... 3,137 10,180 7,037 .......... .......... 3,207 10,244 6,794 .......... .......... 3,015 9,809 5,768 .......... .......... 2,983 8,751 6,369 .......... .......... 1,879 8,248 6,548 .......... .......... 1,637 8,185 6,013 .......... .......... 1,091 7,104 5,616 .......... .......... 1,174 6,790 5,889 .......... .......... 981 6,870 6,818 .......... .......... 1,513 8,331 5,091 1,638 6,729 5,050 1,691 6,741 4,100 1,569 5,669 3,393 1,679 5,072 3,179 1,638 4,817 3,310 1,755 5,065 3,490 1,866 5,356 3,055 1,891 4,946 3,147 2,126 5,273 2,532 2,602 5,134 46 .......... .......... 12,612 3,812 16,470 93,274 .......... 93,274 71 .......... .......... 11,143 8,427 19,641 96,550 .......... 96,550 27 .......... .......... 6,031 3,931 9,989 85,216 .......... 85,216 12 .......... .......... 4,512 647 5,171 78,438 .......... 78,438 20 .......... .......... 4,314 449 4,783 78,949 .......... 78,949 11 .......... .......... 4,036 292 4,339 77,248 .......... 77,248 29 .......... .......... 4,150 502 4,681 79,713 .......... 79,713 8 .......... .......... 3,582 546 4,136 79,463 .......... 79,463 6 .......... .......... 3,556 516 4,078 79,873 .......... 79,873 15 .......... .......... 4,154 647 4,816 84,221 .......... 84,221 188 Table 9.6 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Nondefense: Transportation: Highways Urban mass transportation (1) Airports Other Total transportation Community and regional development: Block grants Urban renewal Public works acceleration/local public works Other Total community and regional development Natural resources and environment: Pollution control facilities Other Total natural resources and environment Other nondefense: Education, training, employment, and social services Health Veterans Housing assistance Other Total other nondefense Total nondefense National defense (2) Total * $500 thousand or less. (1) Includes relatively small amounts for railroads. (2) National Guard shelters and civil defense. Note: Grants for 1940 totaled $442 million, composed of $165 million for highways and $277 million for public works. 189 2020 estimate 46,354 15,338 4,137 850 66,679 9,434 .......... .......... 2,390 11,824 2,745 2,605 5,350 15 .......... .......... 4,146 5,613 9,774 93,627 .......... 93,627 Table 9.7 - SUMMARY OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949 - 2020 Fiscal Year 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 In Millions of Dollars National Nondefense Defense 762 178 772 282 846 279 1,204 291 1,553 295 1,551 297 1,550 345 1,898 428 2,134 577 2,459 729 5,364 1,020 5,937 1,385 6,922 1,864 7,090 2,747 7,144 4,221 7,865 5,931 7,077 6,763 7,097 7,821 8,068 7,894 8,544 7,628 8,314 7,346 8,021 7,132 8,108 7,301 8,837 7,466 9,139 7,896 9,406 8,028 9,715 8,821 9,819 10,169 2,455 2,745 10,874 10,569 12,077 12,455 12,129 14,196 14,643 15,592 16,937 17,231 19,809 14,850 22,298 13,602 25,765 15,221 30,360 16,856 35,656 16,485 37,097 16,159 38,032 18,068 40,366 20,394 41,078 22,732 37,887 24,296 38,170 26,558 40,396 27,982 38,055 28,397 37,699 30,733 39,428 29,011 40,177 30,896 40,141 32,662 40,276 33,860 41,050 32,897 44,147 35,942 48,238 39,673 57,328 44,112 65,345 48,034 70,646 49,200 73,043 49,752 Total 940 1,054 1,125 1,495 1,848 1,848 1,895 2,326 2,711 3,188 6,384 7,322 8,786 9,837 11,365 13,796 13,840 14,918 15,962 16,172 15,660 15,153 15,409 16,303 17,035 17,434 18,536 19,988 5,200 21,443 24,532 26,325 30,235 34,168 34,660 35,900 40,986 47,216 52,141 53,256 56,100 60,760 63,810 62,183 64,728 68,378 66,453 68,432 68,439 71,073 72,803 74,136 73,947 80,089 87,911 101,440 113,379 119,846 122,795 In Billions of Constant (FY 2012) As Percentages of Total Outlays As Percentages of GDP Dollars National National National Nondefense Total Nondefense Total Nondefense Total Defense Defense Defense 5.8 1.4 7.2 2.0 0.5 2.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 6.0 2.2 8.1 1.8 0.7 2.5 0.3 0.1 0.4 6.2 2.0 8.3 1.9 0.6 2.5 0.3 0.1 0.3 8.5 2.1 10.5 1.8 0.4 2.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 10.8 2.0 12.8 2.0 0.4 2.4 0.4 0.1 0.5 10.6 2.0 12.6 2.2 0.4 2.6 0.4 0.1 0.5 10.5 2.3 12.9 2.3 0.5 2.8 0.4 0.1 0.5 12.6 2.8 15.4 2.7 0.6 3.3 0.4 0.1 0.5 13.6 3.7 17.3 2.8 0.8 3.5 0.5 0.1 0.6 15.2 4.5 19.8 3.0 0.9 3.9 0.5 0.2 0.7 32.7 6.2 39.0 5.8 1.1 6.9 1.1 0.2 1.3 35.7 8.3 44.1 6.4 1.5 7.9 1.1 0.3 1.4 41.1 11.1 52.2 7.1 1.9 9.0 1.3 0.3 1.6 41.7 16.2 57.9 6.6 2.6 9.2 1.2 0.5 1.7 41.5 24.5 66.1 6.4 3.8 10.2 1.2 0.7 1.8 45.1 34.0 79.2 6.6 5.0 11.6 1.2 0.9 2.1 39.9 38.2 78.1 6.0 5.7 11.7 1.0 1.0 2.0 39.2 43.2 82.4 5.3 5.8 11.1 0.9 1.0 1.9 43.3 42.3 85.6 5.1 5.0 10.1 1.0 0.9 1.9 44.3 39.5 83.8 4.8 4.3 9.1 1.0 0.8 1.8 41.2 36.4 77.6 4.5 4.0 8.5 0.8 0.7 1.6 37.7 33.5 71.3 4.1 3.6 7.7 0.8 0.7 1.4 36.3 32.7 69.0 3.9 3.5 7.3 0.7 0.7 1.4 37.8 31.9 69.7 3.8 3.2 7.1 0.7 0.6 1.3 37.4 32.3 69.8 3.7 3.2 6.9 0.7 0.6 1.3 36.0 30.7 66.6 3.5 3.0 6.5 0.6 0.5 1.2 33.7 30.6 64.2 2.9 2.7 5.6 0.6 0.5 1.2 31.8 32.9 64.7 2.6 2.7 5.4 0.5 0.6 1.1 7.7 8.6 16.4 2.6 2.9 5.4 0.5 0.6 1.1 32.9 31.9 64.8 2.7 2.6 5.2 0.5 0.5 1.1 34.2 35.3 69.4 2.6 2.7 5.3 0.5 0.5 1.1 31.8 37.2 68.9 2.4 2.8 5.2 0.5 0.6 1.0 35.3 37.6 72.8 2.5 2.6 5.1 0.5 0.6 1.1 37.2 37.8 74.9 2.5 2.5 5.0 0.5 0.5 1.1 40.6 30.5 71.1 2.7 2.0 4.6 0.6 0.4 1.0 43.8 26.7 70.5 2.8 1.7 4.4 0.6 0.4 1.0 48.9 28.9 77.8 3.0 1.8 4.8 0.7 0.4 1.0 55.7 30.9 86.7 3.2 1.8 5.0 0.7 0.4 1.1 64.0 29.6 93.6 3.6 1.7 5.3 0.8 0.4 1.2 65.2 28.4 93.5 3.7 1.6 5.3 0.8 0.3 1.1 64.7 30.7 95.4 3.6 1.7 5.3 0.7 0.4 1.1 66.0 33.3 99.3 3.5 1.8 5.3 0.7 0.4 1.1 64.8 35.9 100.6 3.3 1.8 5.1 0.7 0.4 1.1 57.7 37.0 94.7 2.9 1.8 4.7 0.6 0.4 1.0 56.7 39.5 96.2 2.8 1.9 4.7 0.6 0.4 1.0 58.6 40.6 99.3 2.9 2.0 4.9 0.6 0.4 1.0 54.1 40.3 94.4 2.6 1.9 4.5 0.5 0.4 0.9 52.4 42.8 95.2 2.5 2.0 4.5 0.5 0.4 0.9 53.8 39.6 93.5 2.5 1.9 4.4 0.5 0.4 0.9 53.9 41.5 95.4 2.5 1.9 4.4 0.5 0.4 0.8 53.2 43.3 96.5 2.4 2.0 4.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 52.7 44.3 97.0 2.4 2.0 4.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 52.6 42.2 94.8 2.3 1.8 4.1 0.4 0.3 0.7 55.3 45.0 100.3 2.4 1.9 4.3 0.4 0.3 0.8 59.5 48.9 108.4 2.4 2.0 4.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 69.4 53.4 122.8 2.7 2.0 4.7 0.5 0.4 0.9 77.3 56.8 134.0 2.8 2.1 4.9 0.5 0.4 0.9 81.1 56.4 137.5 2.9 2.0 4.8 0.6 0.4 0.9 81.2 55.3 136.5 2.8 1.9 4.6 0.5 0.4 0.9 190 Table 9.7 - SUMMARY OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949 - 2020 In Billions of Constant (FY 2012) As Percentages of Total Outlays As Percentages of GDP Dollars National National National National Nondefense Total Nondefense Total Nondefense Total Nondefense Total Defense Defense Defense Defense 2007 77,078 52,611 129,689 83.4 56.9 140.4 2.8 1.9 4.8 0.5 0.4 0.9 2008 79,601 55,346 134,947 84.4 58.7 143.1 2.7 1.9 4.5 0.5 0.4 0.9 2009 82,918 56,911 139,829 86.9 59.7 146.6 2.4 1.6 4.0 0.6 0.4 1.0 2010 81,090 59,836 140,926 84.3 62.2 146.5 2.3 1.7 4.1 0.5 0.4 0.9 2011 79,675 63,950 143,625 81.2 65.2 146.3 2.2 1.8 4.0 0.5 0.4 0.9 2012 75,121 63,654 138,775 75.1 63.7 138.8 2.1 1.8 3.9 0.5 0.4 0.9 2013 71,115 61,365 132,480 69.8 60.3 130.1 2.1 1.8 3.8 0.4 0.4 0.8 2014 70,576 60,730 131,306 68.0 58.5 126.5 2.0 1.7 3.7 0.4 0.4 0.8 2015 70,728 61,330 132,058 67.3 58.4 125.7 1.9 1.7 3.6 0.4 0.3 0.7 2016 72,654 62,396 135,050 68.5 58.8 127.4 1.9 1.6 3.5 0.4 0.3 0.7 2017 51,344 64,302 115,646 47.6 59.6 107.1 1.3 1.6 2.9 0.3 0.3 0.6 2018 49,144 65,195 114,339 44.6 59.1 103.7 1.2 1.6 2.8 0.2 0.3 0.6 2019 est. 60,266 69,605 129,871 53.6 61.8 115.4 1.3 1.5 2.9 0.3 0.3 0.6 2020 est. 64,298 70,338 134,636 56.0 61.3 117.2 1.4 1.5 2.8 0.3 0.3 0.6 Note: The reduction in outlays for defense research and development from 2016 to 2017 is due in part to a redefinition of categories, as certain defense outlays formerly classified as research and development were reclassified as acquisition of major equipment as of 2017. The amounts reclassified were $27.0 billion in budget authority and $24.5 billion in outlays. Fiscal Year In Millions of Dollars 191 Table 9.8 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category National defense: Department of Defense Other national defense Total national defense Nondefense: General science, space, and technology: NASA NSF Atomic energy general science Subtotal Energy Transportation: NASA DOT and Other Subtotal Health: NIH Other Subtotal Agriculture Natural resources and environment All other Total nondefense Total conduct of research and development Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants (all nondefense) N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals. Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983. Note: The reduction in outlays for defense research and development from 2016 to 2017 is due in part to a redefinition of categories, as certain defense outlays formerly classified as research and development were reclassified as acquisition of major equipment as of 2017. The amounts reclassified were $27.0 billion in budget authority and $24.5 billion in outlays. 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 688 74 762 700 72 772 775 71 846 1,100 104 1,204 1,412 141 1,553 1,385 166 1,551 1,397 153 1,550 1,683 215 1,898 1,882 252 2,134 2,178 281 2,459 42 .......... 40 82 N/A 43 .......... 49 92 N/A 44 .......... 50 94 N/A 51 .......... 60 111 N/A 50 .......... 63 113 N/A 48 4 64 116 N/A 43 8 73 124 27 50 15 78 143 42 55 28 91 174 77 72 31 126 229 109 N/A .......... N/A N/A .......... N/A N/A .......... N/A N/A .......... N/A N/A .......... N/A N/A .......... N/A N/A .......... N/A N/A .......... N/A .......... 13 13 .......... 26 26 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 178 940 11 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 282 1,054 14 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 279 1,125 14 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 291 1,495 14 N/A N/A 45 49 38 50 295 1,848 14 N/A N/A 51 53 38 39 297 1,848 13 N/A N/A 69 62 32 31 345 1,895 21 N/A N/A 81 82 38 42 428 2,326 31 N/A N/A 134 86 45 48 577 2,711 40 N/A N/A 157 97 54 57 729 3,188 46 192 Table 9.8 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category National defense: Department of Defense Other national defense Total national defense Nondefense: General science, space, and technology: NASA NSF Atomic energy general science Subtotal Energy Transportation: NASA DOT and Other Subtotal Health: NIH Other Subtotal Agriculture Natural resources and environment All other Total nondefense Total conduct of research and development Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants (all nondefense) N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals. Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983. Note: The reduction in outlays for defense research and development from 2016 to 2017 is due in part to a redefinition of categories, as certain defense outlays formerly classified as research and development were reclassified as acquisition of major equipment as of 2017. The amounts reclassified were $27.0 billion in budget authority and $24.5 billion in outlays. 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 4,950 414 5,364 5,517 420 5,937 6,466 456 6,922 6,689 401 7,090 6,792 352 7,144 7,419 446 7,865 6,623 454 7,077 6,675 422 7,097 7,649 419 8,068 8,071 473 8,544 115 47 157 319 129 330 57 183 570 159 646 70 214 930 173 1,112 84 231 1,427 397 2,291 100 264 2,655 462 3,693 147 288 4,128 502 4,497 147 309 4,953 478 5,275 176 339 5,790 452 5,042 209 359 5,610 478 4,462 248 281 4,991 515 .......... 53 53 .......... 77 77 .......... 89 89 31 83 114 36 111 147 40 107 147 58 159 217 75 117 192 89 69 158 128 107 235 N/A N/A 216 104 88 111 1,020 6,384 55 247 30 277 107 68 127 1,385 7,322 57 295 35 330 117 106 119 1,864 8,786 58 398 36 434 129 100 146 2,747 9,837 66 511 40 551 142 118 146 4,221 11,365 75 637 66 703 154 120 177 5,931 13,796 85 523 67 590 179 140 206 6,763 13,840 100 536 202 738 205 160 284 7,821 14,918 110 795 110 905 215 181 347 7,894 15,962 125 784 199 983 231 207 466 7,628 16,172 140 193 Table 9.8 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category National defense: Department of Defense Other national defense Total national defense Nondefense: General science, space, and technology: NASA NSF Atomic energy general science Subtotal Energy Transportation: NASA DOT and Other Subtotal Health: NIH Other Subtotal Agriculture Natural resources and environment All other Total nondefense Total conduct of research and development Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants (all nondefense) N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals. Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983. Note: The reduction in outlays for defense research and development from 2016 to 2017 is due in part to a redefinition of categories, as certain defense outlays formerly classified as research and development were reclassified as acquisition of major equipment as of 2017. The amounts reclassified were $27.0 billion in budget authority and $24.5 billion in outlays. 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 7,762 552 8,314 7,519 502 8,021 7,639 469 8,108 8,238 599 8,837 8,529 610 9,139 8,960 446 9,406 9,284 431 9,715 9,341 478 9,819 2,312 143 2,455 10,210 664 10,874 4,025 280 385 4,690 469 3,518 292 393 4,203 451 3,143 334 380 3,857 454 3,059 407 370 3,836 329 3,045 432 372 3,849 379 2,900 539 292 3,731 525 2,876 571 310 3,757 933 3,227 623 257 4,107 1,424 846 194 72 1,112 521 3,506 668 267 4,441 2,197 162 96 258 183 224 407 205 444 649 221 291 512 235 299 534 283 322 605 309 307 616 324 329 653 82 100 182 336 315 651 859 214 1,073 232 232 392 7,346 15,660 152 879 194 1,073 246 301 451 7,132 15,153 167 912 211 1,123 268 351 599 7,301 15,409 182 1,096 279 1,375 296 507 611 7,466 16,303 206 1,318 341 1,659 293 539 643 7,896 17,035 224 1,413 245 1,658 315 511 683 8,028 17,434 238 1,631 258 1,889 352 647 627 8,821 18,536 249 2,098 194 2,292 416 646 631 10,169 19,988 285 548 130 678 100 166 -14 2,745 5,200 80 1,314 335 1,649 469 585 577 10,569 21,443 272 194 Table 9.8 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category National defense: Department of Defense Other national defense Total national defense Nondefense: General science, space, and technology: NASA NSF Atomic energy general science Subtotal Energy Transportation: NASA DOT and Other Subtotal Health: NIH Other Subtotal Agriculture Natural resources and environment All other Total nondefense Total conduct of research and development Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants (all nondefense) N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals. Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983. Note: The reduction in outlays for defense research and development from 2016 to 2017 is due in part to a redefinition of categories, as certain defense outlays formerly classified as research and development were reclassified as acquisition of major equipment as of 2017. The amounts reclassified were $27.0 billion in budget authority and $24.5 billion in outlays. 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 10,726 1,351 12,077 11,045 1,083 12,129 13,469 1,174 14,643 15,739 1,199 16,937 18,363 1,447 19,809 20,566 1,732 22,298 23,850 1,915 25,765 28,165 2,195 30,360 33,396 2,260 35,656 34,732 2,365 37,097 3,454 701 274 4,429 2,542 3,655 775 305 4,735 3,304 4,262 838 345 5,445 3,289 4,798 900 501 6,199 3,681 2,697 1,020 401 4,118 3,330 1,999 998 464 3,461 2,728 3,023 1,127 505 4,656 2,762 2,410 1,182 510 4,102 4,249 2,863 1,399 510 4,772 2,622 2,693 1,426 576 4,695 2,321 379 326 705 408 350 758 449 412 861 481 409 890 523 341 864 539 270 809 515 342 857 559 467 1,027 568 489 1,057 557 347 905 2,439 325 2,764 499 675 841 12,455 24,532 252 2,626 614 3,240 549 895 715 14,196 26,325 256 2,898 784 3,682 563 951 801 15,592 30,235 288 3,352 732 4,084 643 912 822 17,231 34,168 251 3,435 906 4,341 696 838 664 14,850 34,660 290 3,532 929 4,461 717 856 570 13,602 35,900 197 3,942 617 4,560 754 846 787 15,221 40,986 223 4,412 719 5,131 775 884 689 16,856 47,216 215 4,837 738 5,574 798 924 738 16,485 52,141 319 4,942 869 5,811 796 886 745 16,159 53,256 464 195 Table 9.8 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category National defense: Department of Defense Other national defense Total national defense Nondefense: General science, space, and technology: NASA NSF Atomic energy general science Subtotal Energy Transportation: NASA DOT and Other Subtotal Health: NIH Other Subtotal Agriculture Natural resources and environment All other Total nondefense Total conduct of research and development Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants (all nondefense) N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals. Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983. Note: The reduction in outlays for defense research and development from 2016 to 2017 is due in part to a redefinition of categories, as certain defense outlays formerly classified as research and development were reclassified as acquisition of major equipment as of 2017. The amounts reclassified were $27.0 billion in budget authority and $24.5 billion in outlays. 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 35,605 2,427 38,032 37,819 2,547 40,366 38,247 2,831 41,078 35,330 2,557 37,887 35,504 2,666 38,170 37,666 2,730 40,396 35,474 2,581 38,055 35,356 2,343 37,699 36,936 2,492 39,428 37,702 2,475 40,177 3,252 1,513 618 5,383 2,287 4,220 1,570 680 6,470 2,454 5,624 1,520 784 7,927 2,342 6,277 1,631 834 8,741 2,501 6,641 1,733 784 9,157 2,593 7,004 1,753 789 9,546 2,517 6,663 1,873 669 9,205 2,654 8,243 1,894 700 10,837 3,152 6,963 2,077 705 9,745 2,938 8,137 2,015 703 10,855 2,641 580 323 903 755 322 1,077 701 272 973 795 333 1,127 976 373 1,348 1,084 420 1,504 1,215 519 1,734 749 604 1,353 1,120 534 1,654 1,237 545 1,782 6,022 849 6,872 838 1,052 732 18,068 56,100 478 6,634 912 7,546 908 1,056 883 20,394 60,760 412 7,092 1,162 8,253 937 1,220 1,081 22,732 63,810 345 7,257 1,272 8,528 990 1,323 1,085 24,296 62,183 401 7,936 1,721 9,656 1,070 1,593 1,141 26,558 64,728 296 9,063 1,311 10,374 1,129 1,762 1,150 27,982 68,378 344 9,620 1,008 10,628 1,158 1,747 1,271 28,397 66,453 376 10,299 961 11,260 1,186 1,662 1,283 30,733 68,432 348 9,642 856 10,498 1,168 1,610 1,398 29,011 68,439 303 10,599 859 11,458 1,178 1,590 1,392 30,896 71,073 290 196 Table 9.8 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category National defense: Department of Defense Other national defense Total national defense Nondefense: General science, space, and technology: NASA NSF Atomic energy general science Subtotal Energy Transportation: NASA DOT and Other Subtotal Health: NIH Other Subtotal Agriculture Natural resources and environment All other Total nondefense Total conduct of research and development Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants (all nondefense) N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals. Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983. Note: The reduction in outlays for defense research and development from 2016 to 2017 is due in part to a redefinition of categories, as certain defense outlays formerly classified as research and development were reclassified as acquisition of major equipment as of 2017. The amounts reclassified were $27.0 billion in budget authority and $24.5 billion in outlays. 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 37,558 2,583 40,141 37,571 2,705 40,276 38,279 2,771 41,050 41,157 2,990 44,147 44,903 3,335 48,238 53,778 3,550 57,328 61,510 3,835 65,345 66,467 4,179 70,646 69,323 3,720 73,043 73,716 3,362 77,078 8,631 2,010 1,862 12,503 1,526 8,316 2,144 2,087 12,547 1,285 5,411 2,446 2,246 10,103 1,265 5,611 2,566 2,287 10,464 1,336 5,816 2,803 2,298 10,917 1,197 6,002 3,235 2,480 11,717 1,325 8,037 3,439 2,701 14,177 1,387 6,880 3,638 2,809 13,327 1,272 6,807 3,707 2,966 13,480 1,156 8,508 3,569 3,114 15,191 1,249 1,250 528 1,778 1,117 465 1,582 958 482 1,440 862 514 1,376 956 621 1,577 1,663 634 2,297 551 571 1,122 834 472 1,306 722 588 1,310 614 775 1,389 11,853 865 12,718 1,200 1,653 1,284 32,662 72,803 302 13,027 1,306 14,333 1,200 1,732 1,181 33,860 74,136 308 14,568 1,310 15,878 1,294 1,687 1,230 32,897 73,947 405 16,387 1,804 18,191 1,519 1,749 1,307 35,942 80,089 382 19,374 1,802 21,176 1,493 1,856 1,457 39,673 87,911 554 21,835 1,817 23,652 1,628 1,919 1,574 44,112 101,440 570 24,498 1,726 26,224 1,694 1,612 1,818 48,034 113,379 596 26,039 1,541 27,580 1,758 1,878 2,079 49,200 119,846 486 26,695 1,570 28,265 1,779 1,529 2,233 49,752 122,795 441 27,058 1,797 28,855 1,765 1,657 2,505 52,611 129,689 593 197 Table 9.8 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category National defense: Department of Defense Other national defense Total national defense Nondefense: General science, space, and technology: NASA NSF Atomic energy general science Subtotal Energy Transportation: NASA DOT and Other Subtotal Health: NIH Other Subtotal Agriculture Natural resources and environment All other Total nondefense Total conduct of research and development Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants (all nondefense) N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals. Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983. Note: The reduction in outlays for defense research and development from 2016 to 2017 is due in part to a redefinition of categories, as certain defense outlays formerly classified as research and development were reclassified as acquisition of major equipment as of 2017. The amounts reclassified were $27.0 billion in budget authority and $24.5 billion in outlays. 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 75,783 3,818 79,601 79,708 3,210 82,918 77,591 3,499 81,090 75,576 4,099 79,675 71,146 3,975 75,121 67,288 3,827 71,115 66,534 4,042 70,576 65,666 5,062 70,728 66,609 6,045 72,654 45,431 5,913 51,344 10,245 3,781 3,001 17,027 1,215 9,160 3,936 3,347 16,443 1,846 7,962 4,772 3,437 16,171 1,966 7,825 5,233 4,042 17,100 3,679 10,027 5,124 4,012 19,163 3,019 10,620 5,269 3,966 19,855 2,033 10,776 5,198 4,108 20,082 2,363 11,170 5,059 4,159 20,388 2,785 11,416 5,120 4,344 20,880 2,776 10,066 5,279 4,338 19,683 2,911 637 620 1,257 777 653 1,430 510 771 1,281 498 881 1,379 566 834 1,400 494 807 1,301 481 819 1,300 555 779 1,334 581 857 1,438 462 784 1,246 28,185 1,474 29,659 1,853 1,898 2,437 55,346 134,947 599 28,663 2,156 30,819 1,829 1,934 2,610 56,911 139,829 658 32,122 2,352 34,474 1,854 1,853 2,237 59,836 140,926 688 33,249 2,411 35,660 1,933 1,875 2,324 63,950 143,625 453 31,671 2,362 34,033 1,904 2,056 2,079 63,654 138,775 256 30,003 2,363 32,366 1,841 1,902 2,067 61,365 132,480 423 28,429 2,358 30,787 1,823 1,941 2,434 60,730 131,306 413 28,358 2,557 30,915 1,870 2,080 1,958 61,330 132,058 411 28,358 2,702 31,060 1,962 2,222 2,058 62,396 135,050 482 30,021 3,825 33,846 1,954 2,384 2,278 64,302 115,646 416 198 Table 9.8 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category 2018 National defense: Department of Defense Other national defense Total national defense Nondefense: General science, space, and technology: NASA NSF Atomic energy general science Subtotal Energy Transportation: NASA DOT and Other Subtotal Health: NIH Other Subtotal Agriculture Natural resources and environment All other Total nondefense Total conduct of research and development Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants (all nondefense) N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals. Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983. Note: The reduction in outlays for defense research and development from 2016 to 2017 is due in part to a redefinition of categories, as certain defense outlays formerly classified as research and development were reclassified as acquisition of major equipment as of 2017. The amounts reclassified were $27.0 billion in budget authority and $24.5 billion in outlays. 199 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 44,185 4,959 49,144 53,976 6,290 60,266 57,303 6,995 64,298 10,121 5,207 4,350 19,678 3,008 9,889 5,298 4,838 20,025 3,612 10,772 5,274 4,768 20,814 3,057 507 853 1,360 558 1,000 1,558 581 1,014 1,595 31,667 2,772 34,439 1,919 2,315 2,476 65,195 114,339 423 34,430 2,722 37,152 2,164 2,508 2,586 69,605 129,871 423 35,588 2,280 37,868 2,397 2,134 2,473 70,338 134,636 441 Table 9.9 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Federal outlays: Elementary, secondary, and vocational education Higher education Training and employment Health Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation All other Total, direct Grants to State and local governments: Elementary, secondary, and vocational education Higher education Research and general education aids Training and employment Social services All other Total, grants Total conduct of education and training Memorandum: Conduct of education and training As a percentage of total outlays In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 100 313 12 132 159 53 768 110 411 64 165 101 50 901 122 367 42 219 77 55 882 154 396 255 209 58 66 1,138 206 648 398 233 54 80 1,619 272 972 657 278 305 111 2,595 291 1,005 710 210 478 153 2,847 349 883 682 354 701 150 3,119 383 1,043 196 367 1,015 249 3,253 419 1,125 341 391 1,659 239 4,175 382 15 8 .......... 65 68 538 1,306 442 15 7 .......... 73 72 610 1,511 457 15 9 80 88 77 726 1,607 565 17 29 23 106 82 821 1,959 1,421 58 45 22 234 93 1,874 3,494 2,038 188 70 34 480 121 2,931 5,526 2,224 389 103 260 605 309 3,889 6,737 2,121 351 77 317 692 276 3,833 6,953 2,510 343 124 757 767 373 4,874 8,127 2,914 310 99 1,013 846 424 5,606 9,781 1.2 11.1 1.4 12.2 1.4 12.6 1.7 14.8 2.6 27.0 3.5 42.1 3.8 50.4 3.8 48.5 4.2 53.8 4.7 59.6 200 Table 9.9 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Federal outlays: Elementary, secondary, and vocational education Higher education Training and employment Health Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation All other Total, direct Grants to State and local governments: Elementary, secondary, and vocational education Higher education Research and general education aids Training and employment Social services All other Total, grants Total conduct of education and training Memorandum: Conduct of education and training As a percentage of total outlays In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 464 1,231 621 437 1,960 348 5,060 420 1,345 554 655 2,801 401 6,176 332 1,380 378 564 3,249 506 6,409 404 2,096 360 564 4,593 459 8,476 388 2,770 377 602 5,531 568 10,236 132 736 88 192 784 130 2,062 438 3,117 439 519 3,713 662 8,888 407 3,648 601 648 3,396 719 9,419 416 4,898 807 443 2,789 1,005 10,359 403 6,576 930 644 2,418 1,090 12,060 3,221 217 109 1,156 859 457 6,019 11,080 3,153 189 126 987 949 361 5,765 11,941 3,241 70 192 1,137 971 443 6,053 12,462 3,945 85 286 1,985 1,244 476 8,021 16,496 3,812 43 224 2,355 1,269 561 8,264 18,500 942 8 47 856 376 130 2,360 4,422 4,200 83 283 2,444 1,302 661 8,973 17,862 4,779 62 347 3,256 1,379 534 10,356 19,775 5,542 84 484 3,643 1,707 469 11,929 22,288 6,277 98 491 4,295 1,848 525 13,535 25,596 4.8 63.6 4.9 65.1 4.6 63.1 5.0 76.6 5.0 78.6 4.6 18.6 4.4 71.7 4.3 75.2 4.4 78.2 4.3 81.9 201 Table 9.9 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Federal outlays: Elementary, secondary, and vocational education Higher education Training and employment Health Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation All other Total, direct Grants to State and local governments: Elementary, secondary, and vocational education Higher education Research and general education aids Training and employment Social services All other Total, grants Total conduct of education and training Memorandum: Conduct of education and training As a percentage of total outlays In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 395 8,638 977 681 2,367 1,011 14,068 490 7,003 861 644 2,083 802 11,884 561 7,070 740 459 1,827 868 11,524 564 7,233 706 370 1,556 1,153 11,582 521 8,056 688 438 1,390 980 12,071 356 8,261 689 489 1,176 1,021 11,993 634 7,238 726 533 1,113 1,084 11,327 502 8,129 793 527 1,055 1,127 12,134 581 10,474 793 591 1,018 1,254 14,712 521 10,996 848 532 786 1,442 15,124 6,617 89 282 4,391 1,834 588 13,801 27,869 6,214 60 309 3,225 1,655 548 12,010 23,893 5,663 54 314 3,188 1,777 507 11,503 23,028 5,869 70 255 2,556 2,258 514 11,521 23,103 7,031 82 260 2,775 1,779 543 12,470 24,541 7,408 83 296 3,019 2,292 510 13,607 25,599 7,204 91 366 2,930 2,321 431 13,343 24,671 7,813 89 360 2,958 3,029 422 14,671 26,805 8,499 89 386 3,020 2,875 453 15,322 30,034 9,281 98 396 3,300 2,891 474 16,440 31,564 4.1 80.2 3.2 64.3 2.8 59.5 2.7 56.6 2.6 57.7 2.6 59.2 2.5 55.0 2.5 57.6 2.6 62.6 2.5 64.1 202 Table 9.9 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Federal outlays: Elementary, secondary, and vocational education Higher education Training and employment Health Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation All other Total, direct Grants to State and local governments: Elementary, secondary, and vocational education Higher education Research and general education aids Training and employment Social services All other Total, grants Total conduct of education and training Memorandum: Conduct of education and training As a percentage of total outlays In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 857 11,862 879 608 803 1,571 16,579 706 11,156 912 748 995 2,287 16,803 760 14,339 1,024 775 1,091 2,393 20,382 806 7,753 1,085 759 1,358 2,488 14,249 958 14,034 1,126 766 1,374 2,857 21,115 809 12,064 1,013 760 1,373 2,845 18,864 813 12,215 1,000 880 1,477 2,636 19,021 821 11,970 1,106 808 1,502 2,754 18,961 846 10,598 1,178 877 1,643 2,763 17,905 1,172 9,918 1,274 948 1,694 2,956 17,962 10,444 79 478 3,530 3,045 487 18,063 34,642 11,627 96 292 3,982 3,878 501 20,376 37,179 12,763 119 315 3,982 3,862 502 21,543 41,925 13,314 111 289 4,149 4,936 527 23,327 37,576 13,677 117 268 4,573 5,584 496 24,715 45,830 13,930 108 288 4,162 5,702 505 24,695 43,559 14,212 75 277 3,769 6,185 509 25,027 44,048 15,721 90 378 3,463 6,354 498 26,504 45,465 16,684 65 389 3,712 7,027 1,313 29,190 47,095 19,352 193 546 3,484 7,359 1,745 32,679 50,641 2.6 67.2 2.7 68.3 3.0 73.0 2.6 64.7 3.0 74.8 2.8 69.3 2.8 68.6 2.8 71.0 2.8 71.8 2.8 74.6 203 Table 9.9 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Federal outlays: Elementary, secondary, and vocational education Higher education Training and employment Health Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation All other Total, direct Grants to State and local governments: Elementary, secondary, and vocational education Higher education Research and general education aids Training and employment Social services All other Total, grants Total conduct of education and training Memorandum: Conduct of education and training As a percentage of total outlays In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 1,667 16,842 1,338 1,143 2,221 3,303 26,514 2,142 17,960 1,507 1,368 2,396 3,466 28,839 1,858 23,875 1,514 1,500 2,295 3,443 34,485 1,691 25,201 1,552 1,858 2,707 3,771 36,780 1,706 31,482 1,652 1,465 2,970 3,889 43,164 1,656 50,716 469 1,334 2,980 3,852 61,007 1,460 24,538 2,102 1,404 3,456 4,051 37,011 1,429 23,758 1,990 1,461 3,634 4,126 36,398 1,521 -3,171 2,245 1,645 4,328 4,336 10,904 1,501 20,710 2,283 1,864 8,774 5,033 40,165 21,326 360 670 3,791 7,960 2,033 36,140 62,654 23,459 444 702 4,706 9,183 2,019 40,513 69,352 29,004 487 782 4,603 9,607 1,856 46,339 80,824 32,194 499 714 4,064 9,746 1,801 49,018 85,798 36,393 522 753 3,378 9,861 2,008 52,915 96,079 37,984 540 727 4,801 10,015 2,105 56,172 117,179 36,910 504 760 3,223 10,160 2,133 53,690 90,701 37,453 519 757 3,293 10,354 2,190 54,566 90,964 51,589 483 794 4,044 10,453 2,332 69,695 80,599 71,694 510 854 5,082 12,010 2,410 92,560 132,725 3.4 89.0 3.4 96.0 3.7 108.1 3.7 110.8 3.9 118.1 4.4 137.7 3.3 102.3 3.0 98.7 2.3 86.4 3.8 139.4 204 Table 9.9 - COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Federal outlays: Elementary, secondary, and vocational education Higher education Training and employment Health Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation All other Total, direct Grants to State and local governments: Elementary, secondary, and vocational education Higher education Research and general education aids Training and employment Social services All other Total, grants Total conduct of education and training Memorandum: Conduct of education and training As a percentage of total outlays In billions of constant (FY 2012) dollars 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Estimate 2020 Estimate 1,516 1,019 2,511 1,768 11,112 4,770 22,696 1,276 12,108 2,456 1,644 10,734 4,784 33,002 1,361 -661 2,176 1,676 13,220 4,573 22,345 1,186 19,986 2,032 1,597 13,729 4,319 42,849 1,271 51,335 2,111 1,677 13,605 4,716 74,715 1,370 38,899 2,111 1,669 14,579 4,461 63,089 1,436 79,673 2,099 1,735 13,520 4,605 103,068 1,200 32,083 2,116 1,841 12,703 4,507 54,450 1,431 70,997 2,636 1,832 14,154 4,765 95,815 1,086 44,849 2,343 1,686 14,478 4,575 69,017 64,514 520 832 4,059 11,891 2,591 84,407 107,103 45,489 432 830 3,449 11,074 2,577 63,851 96,853 40,260 448 832 3,361 11,071 2,649 58,621 80,966 38,906 402 797 3,270 10,540 2,725 56,640 99,489 38,021 373 741 3,309 11,099 2,396 55,939 130,654 37,552 377 768 3,261 12,042 2,724 56,724 119,813 38,427 342 776 3,269 11,854 2,836 57,504 160,572 37,506 355 743 3,050 11,994 2,486 56,134 110,584 43,072 477 829 3,096 12,671 2,646 62,791 158,606 40,718 278 267 3,041 12,975 2,446 59,725 128,742 3.0 109.7 2.7 96.9 2.3 79.2 2.8 95.4 3.5 123.9 3.1 112.8 4.0 148.2 2.7 99.0 3.5 139.0 2.7 109.8 205 Table 10.1 - GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND DEFLATORS USED IN THE HISTORICAL TABLES: 1940 - 2024 (Fiscal Year 2012 = 1.000) Composite Outlay Deflators GDP (in GDP Fiscal Year billions of (Chained) dollars) Price Index 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 98.2 116.2 147.7 184.6 213.8 226.4 228.0 238.9 261.9 276.5 278.7 327.1 357.1 382.1 387.2 406.3 438.3 463.4 473.5 504.6 534.3 546.6 585.7 618.2 661.7 709.3 780.5 836.5 897.6 980.3 1,046.7 1,116.6 1,216.3 1,352.7 1,482.9 1,606.9 1,786.1 471.7 2,024.3 2,273.5 2,565.6 2,791.9 3,133.2 3,313.4 3,536.0 3,949.2 4,265.1 4,526.3 4,767.7 5,138.6 5,554.7 5,898.8 6,093.2 6,416.3 6,775.3 7,176.9 7,560.4 7,951.3 8,451.0 8,930.8 9,479.4 10,117.5 10,526.5 10,833.7 11,283.8 12,025.5 12,834.2 0.0771 0.0800 0.0860 0.0915 0.0948 0.0971 0.1045 0.1159 0.1269 0.1312 0.1294 0.1363 0.1418 0.1444 0.1461 0.1472 0.1510 0.1566 0.1613 0.1638 0.1661 0.1683 0.1700 0.1720 0.1742 0.1772 0.1810 0.1865 0.1930 0.2018 0.2126 0.2234 0.2340 0.2442 0.2616 0.2886 0.3087 0.3180 0.3310 0.3533 0.3818 0.4151 0.4559 0.4876 0.5089 0.5271 0.5447 0.5569 0.5694 0.5878 0.6116 0.6340 0.6566 0.6730 0.6888 0.7038 0.7188 0.7323 0.7453 0.7546 0.7643 0.7800 0.7984 0.8112 0.8260 0.8458 0.8716 Total 0.0653 0.0724 0.0823 0.0912 0.0837 0.0789 0.0793 0.0897 0.0932 0.0896 0.0942 0.0947 0.0944 0.1015 0.1047 0.1081 0.1130 0.1186 0.1256 0.1308 0.1328 0.1358 0.1359 0.1418 0.1441 0.1461 0.1501 0.1534 0.1590 0.1691 0.1785 0.1909 0.2033 0.2126 0.2304 0.2528 0.2709 0.2776 0.2906 0.3088 0.3356 0.3711 0.4122 0.4439 0.4657 0.4880 0.5059 0.5165 0.5314 0.5497 0.5714 0.5880 0.6143 0.6393 0.6582 0.6698 0.6897 0.7042 0.7190 0.7250 0.7339 0.7525 0.7722 0.7841 0.8064 0.8274 0.8558 Total Total Defense Nondefense 0.0614 0.0756 0.0925 0.0993 0.0869 0.0790 0.0754 0.0813 0.0763 0.0759 0.0767 0.0813 0.0845 0.0933 0.0949 0.0980 0.1039 0.1093 0.1144 0.1223 0.1210 0.1233 0.1234 0.1290 0.1307 0.1303 0.1365 0.1409 0.1476 0.1560 0.1640 0.1742 0.1908 0.2042 0.2181 0.2376 0.2525 0.2574 0.2725 0.2911 0.3149 0.3485 0.3865 0.4210 0.4417 0.4646 0.4827 0.4935 0.5008 0.5134 0.5332 0.5515 0.5788 0.5880 0.5939 0.5995 0.6111 0.6243 0.6340 0.6460 0.6589 0.6821 0.7054 0.7284 0.7755 0.8047 0.8431 0.0662 0.0697 0.0633 0.0625 0.0676 0.0778 0.0958 0.0955 0.1034 0.0988 0.1056 0.1151 0.1259 0.1268 0.1366 0.1306 0.1302 0.1353 0.1441 0.1420 0.1486 0.1516 0.1505 0.1562 0.1580 0.1606 0.1624 0.1656 0.1703 0.1816 0.1907 0.2025 0.2105 0.2166 0.2360 0.2586 0.2773 0.2844 0.2968 0.3144 0.3424 0.3783 0.4206 0.4520 0.4747 0.4971 0.5150 0.5258 0.5444 0.5646 0.5866 0.6004 0.6243 0.6550 0.6773 0.6891 0.7097 0.7232 0.7392 0.7426 0.7504 0.7681 0.7867 0.7969 0.8139 0.8332 0.8591 UndisOther Net tributed All Other Grants Interest Offsetting Grants Receipts Payment for Individuals Addendum: Direct Capital Total Total 0.0741 0.0767 0.0839 0.0929 0.0998 0.1050 0.1106 0.1189 0.1299 0.1333 0.1316 0.1390 0.1446 0.1467 0.1486 0.1485 0.1503 0.1545 0.1591 0.1613 0.1643 0.1666 0.1682 0.1702 0.1726 0.1749 0.1781 0.1829 0.1886 0.1966 0.2059 0.2151 0.2233 0.2317 0.2504 0.2762 0.2942 0.3034 0.3163 0.3375 0.3655 0.4042 0.4436 0.4711 0.4926 0.5115 0.5294 0.5432 0.5571 0.5783 0.6040 0.6286 0.6536 0.6707 0.6879 0.7023 0.7174 0.7320 0.7468 0.7538 0.7628 0.7807 0.7981 0.8073 0.8232 0.8415 0.8652 Direct 0.0741 0.0767 0.0839 0.0929 0.0998 0.1050 0.1106 0.1189 0.1299 0.1333 0.1317 0.1391 0.1446 0.1468 0.1486 0.1485 0.1503 0.1545 0.1591 0.1613 0.1644 0.1666 0.1682 0.1702 0.1726 0.1750 0.1781 0.1829 0.1886 0.1966 0.2059 0.2151 0.2233 0.2317 0.2504 0.2762 0.2942 0.3034 0.3164 0.3376 0.3656 0.4043 0.4436 0.4711 0.4926 0.5115 0.5294 0.5432 0.5572 0.5784 0.6041 0.6288 0.6538 0.6710 0.6884 0.7029 0.7181 0.7326 0.7474 0.7543 0.7632 0.7812 0.7985 0.8078 0.8237 0.8419 0.8654 206 0.0741 0.0767 0.0839 0.0929 0.0998 0.1047 0.1104 0.1188 0.1298 0.1332 0.1312 0.1385 0.1441 0.1463 0.1484 0.1484 0.1502 0.1544 0.1590 0.1612 0.1642 0.1665 0.1681 0.1701 0.1725 0.1748 0.1780 0.1828 0.1885 0.1965 0.2058 0.2150 0.2232 0.2316 0.2503 0.2761 0.2941 0.3033 0.3162 0.3374 0.3654 0.4041 0.4434 0.4709 0.4924 0.5113 0.5291 0.5429 0.5569 0.5779 0.6031 0.6273 0.6520 0.6689 0.6856 0.6992 0.7143 0.7288 0.7435 0.7515 0.7608 0.7784 0.7960 0.8054 0.8213 0.8399 0.8640 0.0463 0.0419 0.0411 0.0438 0.0461 0.0466 0.0514 0.1246 0.0700 0.0737 0.0699 0.0836 0.0839 0.0879 0.0842 0.0858 0.0871 0.0950 0.1053 0.1126 0.1132 0.1111 0.1115 0.1155 0.1175 0.1207 0.1174 0.1189 0.1231 0.1305 0.1393 0.1491 0.1561 0.1594 0.1744 0.1934 0.2086 0.2163 0.2237 0.2379 0.2597 0.2889 0.3230 0.3520 0.3702 0.3895 0.4060 0.4206 0.4421 0.4590 0.4782 0.5014 0.5224 0.5378 0.5546 0.5689 0.5884 0.6056 0.6173 0.6251 0.6403 0.6646 0.6859 0.6996 0.7195 0.7463 0.7900 0.0771 0.0800 0.0860 0.0915 0.0948 0.0971 0.1045 0.1159 0.1269 0.1312 0.1294 0.1363 0.1418 0.1444 0.1461 0.1472 0.1510 0.1566 0.1613 0.1638 0.1661 0.1683 0.1700 0.1720 0.1742 0.1772 0.1810 0.1865 0.1930 0.2018 0.2126 0.2234 0.2340 0.2442 0.2616 0.2886 0.3087 0.3180 0.3310 0.3533 0.3818 0.4151 0.4559 0.4876 0.5089 0.5271 0.5447 0.5569 0.5694 0.5878 0.6116 0.6340 0.6566 0.6730 0.6888 0.7038 0.7188 0.7323 0.7453 0.7546 0.7643 0.7800 0.7984 0.8112 0.8260 0.8458 0.8716 0.0442 0.0439 0.0471 0.0516 0.0568 0.0599 0.0623 0.0661 0.0714 0.0694 0.0731 0.0721 0.0776 0.0821 0.0850 0.0873 0.0883 0.0904 0.0967 0.1015 0.1007 0.1057 0.1078 0.1113 0.1149 0.1214 0.1255 0.1287 0.1334 0.1427 0.1545 0.1701 0.1832 0.1938 0.2057 0.2211 0.2395 0.2467 0.2582 0.2746 0.2922 0.3172 0.3460 0.3637 0.3757 0.3858 0.4023 0.4072 0.4088 0.4217 0.4324 0.4442 0.4709 0.4876 0.5130 0.5361 0.5531 0.5794 0.5937 0.6060 0.6245 0.6568 0.6714 0.7092 0.7476 0.7837 0.8203 0.0627 0.0641 0.0553 0.0542 0.0578 0.0614 0.0667 0.0688 0.0757 0.0737 0.0788 0.0805 0.0877 0.0922 0.0987 0.0954 0.0951 0.0984 0.1069 0.1106 0.1143 0.1205 0.1224 0.1302 0.1366 0.1423 0.1464 0.1484 0.1516 0.1632 0.1733 0.1897 0.2021 0.2138 0.2261 0.2410 0.2624 0.2681 0.2818 0.2976 0.3209 0.3443 0.3753 0.3942 0.4054 0.4282 0.4465 0.4464 0.4560 0.4737 0.4818 0.4834 0.5084 0.5532 0.5960 0.6024 0.6429 0.6622 0.6771 0.6629 0.6818 0.7077 0.7302 0.7562 0.7885 0.8146 0.8437 0.1378 0.1487 0.1555 0.1525 0.1481 0.1381 0.1402 0.1561 0.1736 0.1823 0.1804 0.1924 0.2019 0.2045 0.2026 0.2083 0.2193 0.2315 0.2388 0.2430 0.2447 0.2461 0.2481 0.2521 0.2525 0.2531 0.2552 0.2590 0.2647 0.2748 0.2890 0.3069 0.3302 0.3515 0.3725 0.4049 0.4302 0.4442 0.4632 0.4918 0.5257 0.5652 0.6155 0.6637 0.7028 0.7314 0.7382 0.7330 0.7258 0.7272 0.7437 0.7570 0.7749 0.7868 0.8057 0.8250 0.8460 0.8567 0.8550 0.8557 0.8643 0.8765 0.8807 0.8762 0.8831 0.8950 0.9117 Defense Nondefense 0.1430 0.1516 0.1557 0.1525 0.1480 0.1380 0.1398 0.1557 0.1708 0.1800 0.1793 0.1930 0.2018 0.2042 0.2023 0.2086 0.2198 0.2322 0.2397 0.2440 0.2459 0.2473 0.2494 0.2536 0.2538 0.2545 0.2566 0.2600 0.2655 0.2755 0.2897 0.3079 0.3333 0.3569 0.3771 0.4083 0.4342 0.4497 0.4696 0.5007 0.5350 0.5721 0.6223 0.6703 0.7106 0.7415 0.7474 0.7389 0.7295 0.7282 0.7434 0.7557 0.7732 0.7859 0.8063 0.8270 0.8479 0.8603 0.8572 0.8572 0.8675 0.8782 0.8800 0.8739 0.8822 0.8943 0.9108 0.1357 0.1421 0.1533 0.1562 0.1633 0.1690 0.1596 0.1581 0.1840 0.1877 0.1821 0.1898 0.2025 0.2089 0.2073 0.2033 0.2107 0.2212 0.2280 0.2317 0.2348 0.2366 0.2387 0.2410 0.2446 0.2468 0.2482 0.2520 0.2577 0.2677 0.2826 0.3002 0.3147 0.3280 0.3533 0.3924 0.4162 0.4274 0.4409 0.4634 0.4944 0.5392 0.5871 0.6292 0.6510 0.6689 0.6838 0.6921 0.7016 0.7216 0.7455 0.7646 0.7842 0.7907 0.8035 0.8174 0.8404 0.8472 0.8492 0.8505 0.8562 0.8728 0.8821 0.8814 0.8854 0.8971 0.9147 Table 10.1 - GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND DEFLATORS USED IN THE HISTORICAL TABLES: 1940 - 2024 (Fiscal Year 2012 = 1.000) Composite Outlay Deflators GDP (in GDP Fiscal Year billions of (Chained) dollars) Price Index Total Total Total Defense Nondefense UndisOther Net tributed All Other Grants Interest Offsetting Grants Receipts Payment for Individuals Addendum: Direct Capital Total Total Direct 2006 13,638.4 0.8995 0.8854 0.8792 0.8870 0.8915 0.8916 0.8906 2007 14,290.8 0.9240 0.9099 0.9081 0.9103 0.9109 0.9109 0.9105 2008 14,743.3 0.9431 0.9414 0.9431 0.9409 0.9428 0.9428 0.9426 2009 14,431.8 0.9540 0.9413 0.9412 0.9414 0.9420 0.9420 0.9421 2010 14,838.9 0.9622 0.9581 0.9583 0.9581 0.9583 0.9583 0.9581 2011 15,403.7 0.9814 0.9805 0.9864 0.9791 0.9791 0.9791 0.9789 2012 16,056.5 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 2013 16,603.8 1.0184 1.0142 1.0070 1.0159 1.0148 1.0148 1.0148 2014 17,332.9 1.0381 1.0302 1.0229 1.0317 1.0303 1.0303 1.0304 2015 18,090.3 1.0507 1.0358 1.0271 1.0375 1.0351 1.0351 1.0353 2016 18,551.0 1.0604 1.0430 1.0305 1.0453 1.0429 1.0429 1.0430 2017 19,272.3 1.0796 1.0607 1.0458 1.0634 1.0607 1.0607 1.0608 2018 20,235.9 1.1030 1.0872 1.0680 1.0908 1.0875 1.0874 1.0877 2019 est. 21,288.9 1.1254 1.1111 1.0898 1.1150 1.1113 1.1112 1.1116 2020 est. 22,409.7 1.1483 1.1357 1.1115 1.1403 1.1362 1.1361 1.1366 2021 est. 23,557.8 1.1712 1.1608 1.1338 1.1658 1.1618 1.1617 1.1622 2022 est. 24,753.3 1.1948 1.1867 1.1566 1.1922 1.1883 1.1882 1.1886 2023 est. 26,006.8 1.2188 1.2131 1.1797 1.2190 1.2152 1.2151 1.2154 2024 est. 27,325.7 1.2433 1.2399 1.2035 1.2462 1.2427 1.2427 1.2430 Note: Constant dollar research and development outlays are based on the GDP (chained) price index. 207 0.8306 0.8755 0.9188 0.9323 0.9473 0.9740 1.0000 1.0264 1.0509 1.0610 1.0652 1.0873 1.1257 1.1603 1.1961 1.2315 1.2697 1.3089 1.3505 0.8995 0.9240 0.9431 0.9540 0.9622 0.9814 1.0000 1.0184 1.0381 1.0507 1.0604 1.0796 1.1030 1.1254 1.1483 1.1712 1.1948 1.2188 1.2433 0.8504 0.8812 0.9097 0.9284 0.9551 0.9888 1.0000 1.0082 1.0432 1.0595 1.0720 1.1022 1.1261 1.1489 1.1723 1.1958 1.2199 1.2443 1.2693 0.8711 0.9033 0.9255 0.9343 0.9633 0.9869 1.0000 1.0126 1.0327 1.0504 1.0593 1.0815 1.1081 1.1290 1.1527 1.1757 1.1994 1.2235 1.2480 0.9266 0.9396 0.9569 0.9643 0.9698 0.9895 1.0000 1.0040 1.0170 1.0198 1.0165 1.0239 1.0454 1.0672 1.0884 1.1091 1.1311 1.1531 1.1758 Defense Nondefense 0.9264 0.9401 0.9571 0.9655 0.9697 0.9887 1.0000 1.0031 1.0152 1.0169 1.0131 1.0192 1.0413 1.0624 1.0840 1.1057 1.1280 1.1506 1.1737 0.9274 0.9381 0.9560 0.9608 0.9703 0.9917 1.0000 1.0065 1.0225 1.0278 1.0266 1.0405 1.0628 1.0843 1.1064 1.1285 1.1513 1.1744 1.1980 Table 11.1 - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940 - 2024 In Millions of Dollars As Percentages of Total Outlays In Billions of Constant (FY 2012) Dollars As Percentages of GDP Fiscal Year Total 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2,071 2,460 2,456 2,414 2,331 2,387 5,828 9,691 8,982 9,903 13,508 10,411 11,098 11,054 12,259 14,163 15,216 17,091 20,959 22,844 24,258 27,638 29,426 31,592 32,821 33,441 37,629 43,845 50,498 57,842 65,372 80,925 93,281 104,887 121,020 154,717 181,795 45,781 198,048 213,026 236,125 280,404 328,516 361,384 401,567 413,337 452,028 458,280 479,078 510,022 545,753 592,381 659,399 738,568 795,409 834,908 888,447 920,444 964,107 992,466 1,013,390 1,067,379 1,141,451 1,258,483 1,366,413 1,420,535 1,512,621 1,612,580 1,702,222 1,842,427 2,113,057 2,307,040 Direct 1,774 2,104 2,046 1,984 1,822 1,894 5,309 8,560 8,101 8,851 12,192 8,979 9,648 9,454 10,557 12,465 13,485 15,215 18,728 20,332 21,632 24,862 26,311 28,128 29,072 29,527 33,126 38,817 44,152 50,318 56,299 70,083 79,022 90,726 105,891 137,568 161,231 40,569 174,700 187,738 208,059 247,320 289,497 321,718 358,076 366,793 401,304 403,205 420,493 446,524 476,898 513,503 564,614 623,708 668,106 695,732 738,185 767,721 808,024 825,250 833,948 876,647 929,325 1,022,378 1,110,941 1,149,475 1,229,681 1,330,798 1,408,753 1,532,439 1,746,996 1,907,827 Grants 298 356 410 430 509 493 518 1,131 881 1,052 1,316 1,432 1,450 1,600 1,702 1,698 1,731 1,876 2,232 2,512 2,625 2,775 3,114 3,464 3,748 3,914 4,503 5,028 6,346 7,524 9,074 10,841 14,259 14,161 15,129 17,149 20,563 5,212 23,348 25,288 28,066 33,084 39,019 39,666 43,491 46,544 50,723 55,075 58,585 63,498 68,855 78,878 94,786 114,860 127,303 139,176 150,262 152,723 156,083 167,216 179,442 190,732 212,126 236,105 255,472 271,060 282,940 281,782 293,469 309,988 366,061 399,213 Total 21.9 18.0 7.0 3.1 2.6 2.6 10.6 28.1 30.2 25.5 31.7 22.9 16.4 14.5 17.3 20.7 21.5 22.3 25.4 24.8 26.3 28.3 27.5 28.4 27.7 28.3 28.0 27.8 28.3 31.5 33.4 38.5 40.4 42.7 44.9 46.6 48.9 47.7 48.4 46.4 46.8 47.5 48.4 48.5 49.7 48.5 47.8 46.3 47.7 47.9 47.7 47.3 49.8 53.5 56.4 57.1 58.6 59.0 60.2 60.1 59.5 59.7 61.3 62.6 63.3 62.0 61.2 60.7 62.4 61.8 60.1 66.7 Direct Grants 18.7 15.4 5.8 2.5 2.0 2.0 9.6 24.8 27.2 22.8 28.6 19.7 14.3 12.4 14.9 18.2 19.1 19.9 22.7 22.1 23.5 25.4 24.6 25.3 24.5 25.0 24.6 24.7 24.8 27.4 28.8 33.3 34.3 36.9 39.3 41.4 43.4 42.3 42.7 40.9 41.3 41.9 42.7 43.1 44.3 43.1 42.4 40.7 41.9 42.0 41.7 41.0 42.6 45.1 47.4 47.6 48.7 49.2 50.5 49.9 49.0 49.0 49.9 50.8 51.4 50.1 49.7 50.1 51.6 51.4 49.7 55.2 3.1 2.6 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 3.3 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.1 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.6 4.1 4.6 5.2 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.3 7.2 8.3 9.0 9.5 9.9 9.8 9.7 10.1 10.5 10.7 11.4 11.7 11.8 11.8 11.4 10.6 10.8 10.4 10.4 11.5 208 Total 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.1 2.6 4.1 3.4 3.6 4.8 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.7 4.4 4.5 4.5 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.8 5.2 5.6 5.9 6.2 7.2 7.7 7.8 8.2 9.6 10.2 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.2 10.0 10.5 10.9 11.4 10.5 10.6 10.1 10.0 9.9 9.8 10.0 10.8 11.5 11.7 11.6 11.8 11.6 11.4 11.1 10.7 10.5 10.8 11.6 12.1 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.9 12.5 14.6 15.5 Direct 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.8 2.3 3.6 3.1 3.2 4.4 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.4 6.3 6.5 6.7 7.1 8.6 9.0 8.6 8.6 8.3 8.1 8.9 9.2 9.7 10.1 9.3 9.4 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.7 9.3 9.7 9.9 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.6 9.2 8.8 8.7 8.8 9.4 9.8 9.6 9.6 9.8 9.9 10.4 12.1 12.9 Grants 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.7 Total 28.0 32.1 29.3 26.0 23.4 22.8 52.7 81.5 69.1 74.3 102.6 74.9 76.8 75.3 82.5 95.4 101.2 110.6 131.7 141.6 147.6 165.9 175.0 185.6 190.2 191.1 211.3 239.7 267.8 294.2 317.5 376.2 417.8 452.7 483.3 560.2 618.0 150.9 626.0 631.0 645.9 693.6 740.6 767.1 815.2 808.1 853.9 843.7 859.9 881.9 903.6 942.4 1,009.0 1,101.2 1,156.2 1,188.9 1,238.3 1,257.5 1,291.0 1,316.6 1,328.6 1,367.2 1,430.3 1,558.8 1,659.8 1,688.1 1,748.4 1,809.0 1,868.9 1,954.3 2,243.1 2,407.5 Direct 23.9 27.4 24.4 21.4 18.3 18.0 48.0 72.0 62.4 66.4 92.6 64.6 66.7 64.4 71.0 83.9 89.7 98.5 117.7 126.1 131.6 149.2 156.4 165.3 168.4 168.7 186.0 212.2 234.1 255.9 273.4 325.8 353.9 391.6 422.9 498.1 548.0 133.7 552.1 556.1 569.1 611.7 652.6 682.9 726.9 717.1 758.0 742.3 754.7 772.0 789.4 816.6 863.6 929.5 970.5 989.8 1,028.0 1,047.9 1,081.1 1,094.1 1,092.7 1,122.2 1,163.8 1,265.6 1,348.7 1,365.3 1,420.9 1,492.6 1,546.6 1,625.4 1,854.6 1,990.8 Grants 4.0 4.6 4.9 4.6 5.1 4.7 4.7 9.5 6.8 7.9 10.0 10.3 10.1 10.9 11.5 11.4 11.5 12.2 14.0 15.6 16.0 16.7 18.5 20.4 21.7 22.4 25.3 27.5 33.7 38.3 44.1 50.4 63.9 61.1 60.4 62.1 69.9 17.2 73.8 75.0 76.8 81.9 88.0 84.2 88.3 91.0 95.9 101.4 105.2 109.9 114.2 125.7 145.4 171.7 185.7 199.0 210.4 209.6 209.9 222.5 235.9 245.0 266.5 293.2 311.1 322.7 327.5 316.4 322.3 328.9 388.6 416.7 Table 11.1 - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940 - 2024 In Millions of Dollars As Percentages of Total Outlays As Percentages of GDP Fiscal Year Total Direct Grants Total Direct Grants Total Direct Grants 2011 2,368,043 1,967,782 400,261 65.7 54.6 11.1 15.4 12.8 2.6 2012 2,316,838 1,949,054 367,784 65.7 55.3 10.4 14.4 12.1 2.3 2013 2,406,322 2,024,865 381,457 69.6 58.6 11.0 14.5 12.2 2.3 2014 2,508,842 2,091,967 416,875 71.6 59.7 11.9 14.5 12.1 2.4 2015 2,654,914 2,187,422 467,492 71.9 59.3 12.7 14.7 12.1 2.6 2016 2,777,823 2,277,926 499,897 72.1 59.1 13.0 15.0 12.3 2.7 2017 2,872,979 2,361,320 511,659 72.2 59.3 12.9 14.9 12.3 2.7 2018 2,894,470 2,365,057 529,413 70.4 57.6 12.9 14.3 11.7 2.6 2019 estimate 3,152,290 2,583,823 568,467 69.6 57.0 12.6 14.8 12.1 2.7 2020 estimate 3,225,401 2,663,116 562,285 68.0 56.1 11.8 14.4 11.9 2.5 2021 estimate 3,388,288 2,877,583 510,705 68.5 58.2 10.3 14.4 12.2 2.2 2022 estimate 3,576,811 3,075,412 501,399 69.1 59.4 9.7 14.4 12.4 2.0 2023 estimate 3,702,134 3,183,466 518,668 69.5 59.7 9.7 14.2 12.2 2.0 2024 estimate 3,821,136 3,293,854 527,282 70.1 60.4 9.7 14.0 12.1 1.9 Note: Includes both on and off-budget Federal outlays. Off-budget social security payments for individuals are shown separately in Table 11.2. 209 In Billions of Constant (FY 2012) Dollars Total 2,418.7 2,316.8 2,371.2 2,435.0 2,564.8 2,663.5 2,708.5 2,661.7 2,836.6 2,838.8 2,916.5 3,010.1 3,046.7 3,074.8 Direct 2,009.8 1,949.1 1,995.3 2,030.4 2,113.2 2,184.2 2,226.2 2,175.0 2,325.3 2,344.1 2,477.0 2,588.3 2,619.9 2,650.6 Grants 408.9 367.8 375.9 404.6 451.6 479.3 482.3 486.7 511.4 494.7 439.4 421.8 426.7 424.2 Table 11.2 - FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total direct payments for individuals Grants to States for Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total grants for payments for individuals Total Payments for Individuals: 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Note: Includes both on and off-budget outlays. All social security payments for individuals are off-budget 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 .......... .......... .......... .......... 3 .......... 10 .......... 1,171 16 574 .......... .......... .......... 1,774 .......... .......... .......... .......... 3 .......... 10 .......... 1,458 64 568 .......... .......... .......... 2,104 .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 .......... 11 .......... 1,365 110 556 .......... .......... .......... 2,046 .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 .......... 14 .......... 1,252 149 565 .......... .......... .......... 1,984 .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 .......... 18 .......... 959 185 656 .......... .......... .......... 1,822 .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 .......... 20 .......... 616 240 1,014 .......... .......... .......... 1,894 .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 .......... 22 .......... 1,821 321 3,140 .......... .......... .......... 5,309 .......... .......... .......... .......... 9 .......... 22 .......... 1,942 426 6,161 * .......... .......... 8,560 .......... .......... .......... .......... 11 .......... 24 .......... 1,626 512 5,928 * .......... .......... 8,101 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 18 .......... 279 .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... 298 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 20 .......... 334 .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... 356 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 22 .......... 386 .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... 410 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 23 .......... 405 .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... 430 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 68 .......... 440 .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... 509 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 82 .......... 410 .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... 493 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 60 .......... 428 .......... 30 .......... .......... .......... 518 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 46 .......... 726 .......... 359 .......... .......... .......... 1,131 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 33 .......... 804 .......... 44 .......... .......... .......... 881 .......... .......... .......... .......... 3 .......... 27 .......... 1,450 16 575 .......... .......... .......... 2,071 .......... .......... .......... .......... 3 .......... 30 .......... 1,792 64 569 .......... .......... .......... 2,460 .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 .......... 33 .......... 1,751 110 558 .......... .......... .......... 2,456 .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 .......... 38 .......... 1,657 149 566 .......... .......... .......... 2,414 .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 .......... 86 .......... 1,399 185 657 .......... .......... .......... 2,331 .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 .......... 102 .......... 1,026 240 1,015 .......... .......... .......... 2,387 .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 .......... 82 .......... 2,250 321 3,171 .......... .......... .......... 5,828 .......... .......... .......... .......... 9 .......... 68 .......... 2,668 426 6,520 * .......... .......... 9,691 .......... .......... .......... .......... 11 .......... 58 .......... 2,429 512 5,972 * .......... .......... 8,982 210 Table 11.2 - FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total direct payments for individuals Grants to States for Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total grants for payments for individuals Total Payments for Individuals: 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Note: Includes both on and off-budget outlays. All social security payments for individuals are off-budget 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 .......... .......... .......... .......... 12 .......... 37 .......... 2,087 607 6,108 * .......... .......... 8,851 .......... .......... .......... .......... 13 .......... 45 .......... 2,797 727 8,610 * .......... .......... 12,192 .......... .......... .......... .......... 16 .......... 50 .......... 1,995 1,498 5,420 * .......... .......... 8,979 .......... .......... .......... .......... 16 .......... 54 .......... 2,300 1,982 5,295 * .......... .......... 9,648 .......... .......... .......... .......... 18 .......... 61 .......... 2,296 2,627 4,453 * .......... .......... 9,454 .......... .......... .......... .......... 18 .......... 65 .......... 2,764 3,275 4,434 * .......... .......... 10,557 .......... .......... .......... .......... 20 .......... 66 .......... 3,416 4,333 4,630 * .......... .......... 12,465 .......... .......... .......... .......... 24 .......... 75 .......... 3,137 5,361 4,889 * .......... .......... 13,485 .......... .......... .......... .......... 25 .......... 89 .......... 3,598 6,515 4,988 * .......... .......... 15,215 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 45 .......... 999 .......... 8 .......... .......... .......... 1,052 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 96 .......... 1,214 .......... 6 .......... .......... .......... 1,316 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 152 .......... 1,275 .......... 4 .......... .......... .......... 1,432 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 172 .......... 1,274 .......... 4 .......... .......... .......... 1,450 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 157 .......... 1,439 .......... 4 .......... .......... .......... 1,600 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 133 .......... 1,566 .......... 4 .......... .......... .......... 1,702 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 116 .......... 1,576 .......... 5 .......... .......... .......... 1,698 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 107 .......... 1,619 .......... 6 .......... .......... .......... 1,731 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 129 .......... 1,741 .......... 6 .......... .......... .......... 1,876 .......... .......... .......... .......... 12 .......... 82 .......... 3,086 607 6,116 * .......... .......... 9,903 .......... .......... .......... .......... 13 .......... 141 .......... 4,010 727 8,616 * .......... .......... 13,508 .......... .......... .......... .......... 16 .......... 202 .......... 3,270 1,498 5,425 * .......... .......... 10,411 .......... .......... .......... .......... 16 .......... 226 .......... 3,574 1,982 5,300 * .......... .......... 11,098 .......... .......... .......... .......... 18 .......... 218 .......... 3,734 2,627 4,457 * .......... .......... 11,054 .......... .......... .......... .......... 18 .......... 198 .......... 4,330 3,275 4,437 * .......... .......... 12,259 .......... .......... .......... .......... 20 .......... 182 .......... 4,993 4,333 4,635 * .......... .......... 14,163 .......... .......... .......... .......... 24 .......... 181 .......... 4,756 5,361 4,895 * .......... .......... 15,216 .......... .......... .......... .......... 25 .......... 218 .......... 5,339 6,515 4,994 * .......... .......... 17,091 211 Table 11.2 - FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total direct payments for individuals Grants to States for Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total grants for payments for individuals Total Payments for Individuals: 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Note: Includes both on and off-budget outlays. All social security payments for individuals are off-budget 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 .......... .......... .......... .......... 26 .......... 102 .......... 5,296 8,043 5,260 * .......... .......... 18,728 .......... .......... .......... .......... 28 .......... 113 .......... 5,343 9,510 5,338 * .......... .......... 20,332 .......... .......... .......... .......... 29 .......... 119 .......... 4,794 11,395 5,295 * .......... .......... 21,632 .......... .......... .......... .......... 30 .......... 127 .......... 6,900 12,203 5,602 * .......... .......... 24,862 .......... .......... .......... .......... 31 .......... 152 .......... 6,187 14,050 5,892 * .......... .......... 26,311 .......... .......... .......... .......... 32 .......... 161 .......... 6,655 15,459 5,821 * .......... .......... 28,128 .......... .......... .......... .......... 34 .......... 188 .......... 6,622 16,250 5,978 * .......... .......... 29,072 .......... .......... .......... .......... 37 .......... 205 .......... 6,160 17,081 6,044 * .......... .......... 29,527 .......... .......... .......... .......... 41 45 249 .......... 6,198 20,264 6,328 1 .......... .......... 33,126 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 172 .......... 2,054 .......... 6 .......... .......... .......... 2,232 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 212 .......... 2,294 .......... 6 .......... .......... .......... 2,512 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 201 .......... 2,418 .......... 6 .......... .......... .......... 2,625 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 245 .......... 2,523 .......... 8 .......... .......... .......... 2,775 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 351 .......... 2,756 .......... 7 .......... .......... .......... 3,114 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 433 .......... 3,024 .......... 7 .......... .......... .......... 3,464 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 518 .......... 3,222 .......... 8 .......... .......... .......... 3,748 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 617 .......... 3,290 .......... 8 .......... .......... .......... 3,914 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,154 .......... 3,340 .......... 9 .......... .......... .......... 4,503 .......... .......... .......... .......... 26 .......... 274 .......... 7,350 8,043 5,266 * .......... .......... 20,959 .......... .......... .......... .......... 28 .......... 326 .......... 7,637 9,510 5,344 * .......... .......... 22,844 .......... .......... .......... .......... 29 .......... 320 .......... 7,213 11,395 5,301 * .......... .......... 24,258 .......... .......... .......... .......... 30 .......... 372 .......... 9,423 12,203 5,610 * .......... .......... 27,638 .......... .......... .......... .......... 31 .......... 503 .......... 8,943 14,050 5,899 * .......... .......... 29,426 .......... .......... .......... .......... 32 .......... 594 .......... 9,679 15,459 5,829 * .......... .......... 31,592 .......... .......... .......... .......... 34 .......... 707 .......... 9,844 16,250 5,986 * .......... .......... 32,821 .......... .......... .......... .......... 37 .......... 822 .......... 9,449 17,081 6,052 * .......... .......... 33,441 .......... .......... .......... .......... 41 45 1,403 .......... 9,538 20,264 6,337 1 .......... .......... 37,629 212 Table 11.2 - FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total direct payments for individuals Grants to States for Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total grants for payments for individuals Total Payments for Individuals: 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Note: Includes both on and off-budget outlays. All social security payments for individuals are off-budget 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 .......... .......... .......... .......... 45 226 309 3,172 6,710 21,293 7,061 1 .......... .......... 38,817 .......... .......... .......... .......... 48 460 255 5,126 7,602 23,299 7,360 1 .......... .......... 44,152 .......... .......... .......... .......... 53 570 332 6,299 8,363 26,705 7,996 1 .......... .......... 50,318 .......... .......... .......... .......... 59 503 420 6,784 9,945 29,651 8,935 1 .......... .......... 56,299 .......... .......... .......... .......... 65 904 556 7,478 15,937 35,132 10,010 1 .......... .......... 70,083 .......... .......... .......... .......... 71 1,067 571 8,364 18,618 39,364 10,967 1 .......... .......... 79,022 .......... .......... .......... .......... 76 1,199 658 9,040 19,394 48,176 12,180 2 .......... .......... 90,726 .......... .......... .......... .......... 86 1,054 686 10,680 24,867 54,990 13,526 1 .......... .......... 105,891 .......... .......... .......... .......... 105 1,582 1,015 14,121 40,534 63,558 16,650 4 .......... .......... 137,568 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,638 .......... 3,379 .......... 10 .......... .......... .......... 5,028 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,393 .......... 3,940 .......... 13 .......... .......... .......... 6,346 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,975 .......... 4,535 .......... 14 .......... .......... .......... 7,524 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,533 .......... 5,523 .......... 18 .......... .......... .......... 9,074 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,150 .......... 6,672 .......... 19 .......... .......... .......... 10,841 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,617 .......... 8,624 .......... 19 .......... .......... .......... 14,259 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,720 .......... 8,421 .......... 20 .......... .......... .......... 14,161 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,928 .......... 8,175 .......... 26 .......... .......... .......... 15,129 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 22 8,378 .......... 8,716 .......... 32 .......... .......... .......... 17,149 .......... .......... .......... .......... 45 226 1,948 3,172 10,089 21,293 7,071 1 .......... .......... 43,845 .......... .......... .......... .......... 48 460 2,649 5,126 11,542 23,299 7,373 1 .......... .......... 50,498 .......... .......... .......... .......... 53 570 3,307 6,299 12,897 26,705 8,010 1 .......... .......... 57,842 .......... .......... .......... .......... 59 503 3,953 6,784 15,468 29,651 8,953 1 .......... .......... 65,372 .......... .......... .......... .......... 65 904 4,706 7,478 22,610 35,132 10,029 1 .......... .......... 80,925 .......... .......... .......... .......... 71 1,067 6,188 8,364 27,241 39,364 10,986 1 .......... .......... 93,281 .......... .......... .......... .......... 76 1,199 6,379 9,040 27,814 48,176 12,201 2 .......... .......... 104,887 .......... .......... .......... .......... 86 1,054 7,614 10,680 33,043 54,990 13,552 1 .......... .......... 121,020 .......... .......... .......... .......... 105 1,604 9,393 14,121 49,251 63,558 16,683 4 .......... .......... 154,717 213 Table 11.2 - FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total direct payments for individuals Grants to States for Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total grants for payments for individuals Total Payments for Individuals: 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Note: Includes both on and off-budget outlays. All social security payments for individuals are off-budget 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 .......... .......... .......... .......... 122 2,349 1,098 16,942 49,590 72,702 18,341 88 .......... .......... 161,231 .......... .......... .......... .......... 33 590 289 4,584 11,564 19,458 3,997 53 .......... .......... 40,569 .......... .......... .......... .......... 140 2,637 1,289 20,779 48,057 83,698 17,972 128 .......... .......... 174,700 .......... .......... .......... .......... 156 3,004 1,416 24,275 47,355 92,447 18,922 162 .......... .......... 187,738 .......... .......... .......... .......... 174 3,706 1,575 28,160 51,796 102,594 19,795 259 .......... .......... 208,059 .......... .......... .......... .......... 207 5,011 2,075 33,954 67,638 117,065 21,043 326 .......... .......... 247,320 .......... .......... .......... .......... 239 6,087 2,075 41,267 78,754 137,881 22,860 332 .......... .......... 289,497 .......... .......... .......... .......... 258 5,701 2,746 49,167 85,695 153,917 23,969 267 .......... .......... 321,718 .......... .......... .......... .......... 292 6,550 2,817 55,499 99,197 168,513 24,965 244 .......... .......... 358,076 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 35 10,397 .......... 10,080 .......... 52 .......... .......... .......... 20,563 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 2,612 .......... 2,582 .......... 13 .......... .......... .......... 5,212 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 62 11,508 .......... 11,699 .......... 79 .......... .......... .......... 23,348 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 56 12,314 .......... 12,843 .......... 76 .......... .......... .......... 25,288 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 62 14,130 .......... 13,788 .......... 86 .......... .......... .......... 28,066 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 78 15,558 .......... 17,357 .......... 90 .......... .......... .......... 33,084 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 78 18,614 .......... 20,253 .......... 73 .......... .......... .......... 39,019 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 57 18,638 .......... 20,910 .......... 62 .......... .......... .......... 39,666 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 51 19,921 .......... 23,455 .......... 64 .......... .......... .......... 43,491 .......... .......... .......... .......... 122 2,384 11,495 16,942 59,669 72,702 18,393 88 .......... .......... 181,795 .......... .......... .......... .......... 33 595 2,901 4,584 14,146 19,458 4,010 53 .......... .......... 45,781 .......... .......... .......... .......... 140 2,699 12,797 20,779 59,757 83,698 18,050 128 .......... .......... 198,048 .......... .......... .......... .......... 156 3,059 13,730 24,275 60,198 92,447 18,997 162 .......... .......... 213,026 .......... .......... .......... .......... 174 3,767 15,705 28,160 65,584 102,594 19,882 259 .......... .......... 236,125 .......... .......... .......... .......... 207 5,089 17,633 33,954 84,996 117,065 21,134 326 .......... .......... 280,404 .......... .......... .......... .......... 239 6,166 20,689 41,267 99,007 137,881 22,934 332 .......... .......... 328,516 .......... .......... .......... .......... 258 5,758 21,383 49,167 106,604 153,917 24,031 267 .......... .......... 361,384 .......... .......... .......... .......... 292 6,601 22,737 55,499 122,652 168,513 25,030 244 .......... .......... 401,567 214 Table 11.2 - FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total direct payments for individuals Grants to States for Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total grants for payments for individuals Total Payments for Individuals: 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Note: Includes both on and off-budget outlays. All social security payments for individuals are off-budget 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 .......... 46 .......... .......... 311 6,921 2,538 60,951 94,079 176,053 25,615 279 * .......... 366,793 .......... 102 .......... .......... 299 7,623 2,669 69,649 107,977 186,432 26,243 311 * .......... 401,304 .......... 125 .......... .......... 336 7,828 2,058 74,184 95,220 196,547 26,589 316 .......... .......... 403,205 .......... 138 .......... .......... 350 7,264 2,682 79,913 97,565 205,105 27,147 329 * .......... 420,493 .......... 137 .......... .......... 360 7,935 3,425 85,704 102,314 216,808 29,520 323 * .......... 446,524 .......... 143 .......... .......... 386 9,695 3,821 94,299 107,783 230,138 30,306 325 * .......... 476,898 .......... 145 .......... .......... 402 10,223 4,316 107,410 115,127 246,350 29,201 329 * .......... 513,503 .......... 150 .......... .......... 457 11,061 5,093 114,219 134,856 266,482 31,397 399 500 .......... 564,614 44 169 .......... .......... 461 10,258 6,130 129,411 157,358 284,918 34,077 384 500 .......... 623,708 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 70 21,587 .......... 24,822 .......... 65 .......... .......... .......... 46,544 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 76 24,193 .......... 26,364 .......... 91 .......... .......... .......... 50,723 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 82 26,567 .......... 28,338 .......... 87 .......... .......... .......... 55,075 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 66 29,186 .......... 29,239 .......... 94 .......... .......... .......... 58,585 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 68 32,287 .......... 31,037 .......... 106 .......... .......... .......... 63,498 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 68 36,358 .......... 32,304 .......... 125 .......... .......... .......... 68,855 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 73 43,485 .......... 35,189 .......... 131 .......... .......... .......... 78,878 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 60 55,389 .......... 39,198 .......... 138 .......... .......... .......... 94,786 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 73 70,964 .......... 43,668 .......... 155 .......... .......... .......... 114,860 .......... 46 .......... .......... 311 6,990 24,125 60,951 118,901 176,053 25,680 279 * .......... 413,337 .......... 102 .......... .......... 299 7,699 26,862 69,649 134,341 186,432 26,333 311 * .......... 452,028 .......... 125 .......... .......... 336 7,910 28,625 74,184 123,558 196,547 26,676 316 .......... .......... 458,280 .......... 138 .......... .......... 350 7,331 31,867 79,913 126,804 205,105 27,241 329 * .......... 479,078 .......... 137 .......... .......... 360 8,003 35,712 85,704 133,350 216,808 29,626 323 * .......... 510,022 .......... 143 .......... .......... 386 9,763 40,180 94,299 140,087 230,138 30,431 325 * .......... 545,753 .......... 145 .......... .......... 402 10,297 47,801 107,410 150,316 246,350 29,331 329 * .......... 592,381 .......... 150 .......... .......... 457 11,121 60,482 114,219 174,054 266,482 31,535 399 500 .......... 659,399 44 169 .......... .......... 461 10,331 77,094 129,411 201,026 284,918 34,231 384 500 .......... 738,568 215 Table 11.2 - FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total direct payments for individuals Grants to States for Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total grants for payments for individuals Total Payments for Individuals: 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Note: Includes both on and off-budget outlays. All social security payments for individuals are off-budget 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 89 212 .......... .......... 505 13,161 7,186 143,147 165,441 301,643 35,771 451 500 .......... 668,106 91 239 .......... .......... 512 6,912 7,868 159,542 165,894 316,676 37,454 457 87 .......... 695,732 44 302 .......... .......... 547 13,003 7,441 177,074 168,562 332,985 37,722 495 10 .......... 738,185 30 280 .......... .......... 569 11,050 7,156 191,265 173,399 346,820 36,798 348 6 .......... 767,721 22 248 .......... .......... 623 11,192 8,764 207,308 177,313 362,058 40,104 385 7 .......... 808,024 21 252 5 3 647 11,040 8,381 210,327 176,419 375,830 41,888 402 35 .......... 825,250 19 273 11 7 669 9,719 9,220 208,470 174,852 386,686 43,612 404 6 .......... 833,948 18 304 8 2 713 8,901 10,467 215,145 186,930 405,867 47,841 451 .......... .......... 876,647 52 300 7 1 770 7,987 11,978 236,882 195,102 429,181 46,315 518 232 .......... 929,325 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 656 79,207 .......... 47,255 .......... 185 .......... .......... .......... 127,303 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 940 85,630 .......... 52,408 .......... 197 .......... .......... .......... 139,176 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,033 92,949 .......... 56,030 .......... 250 .......... .......... .......... 150,262 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 897 96,835 .......... 54,727 .......... 264 .......... .......... .......... 152,723 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 871 98,254 .......... 56,687 .......... 271 .......... .......... .......... 156,083 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 881 105,066 .......... 60,984 .......... 285 .......... .......... .......... 167,216 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 902 112,269 .......... 65,958 .......... 313 .......... .......... .......... 179,442 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 925 123,100 .......... 66,285 .......... 422 .......... .......... .......... 190,732 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,008 137,047 .......... 73,683 .......... 388 .......... .......... .......... 212,126 89 212 .......... .......... 505 13,818 86,393 143,147 212,696 301,643 35,955 451 500 .......... 795,409 91 239 .......... .......... 512 7,852 93,498 159,542 218,303 316,676 37,652 457 87 .......... 834,908 44 302 .......... .......... 547 14,036 100,390 177,074 224,592 332,985 37,972 495 10 .......... 888,447 30 280 .......... .......... 569 11,947 103,991 191,265 228,126 346,820 37,062 348 6 .......... 920,444 22 248 .......... .......... 623 12,063 107,018 207,308 234,000 362,058 40,375 385 7 .......... 964,107 21 252 5 3 647 11,921 113,447 210,327 237,403 375,830 42,173 402 35 .......... 992,466 19 273 11 7 669 10,621 121,489 208,470 240,810 386,686 43,925 404 6 .......... 1,013,390 18 304 8 2 713 9,826 133,567 215,145 253,215 405,867 48,263 451 .......... .......... 1,067,379 52 300 7 1 770 8,995 149,025 236,882 268,785 429,181 46,703 518 232 .......... 1,141,451 216 Table 11.2 - FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total direct payments for individuals Grants to States for Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total grants for payments for individuals Total Payments for Individuals: 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Note: Includes both on and off-budget outlays. All social security payments for individuals are off-budget 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 549 362 6 .......... 808 14,759 12,658 252,674 234,825 451,886 53,053 652 146 .......... 1,022,378 481 371 5 .......... 812 20,265 18,229 273,060 267,864 470,191 58,395 1,247 21 .......... 1,110,941 432 405 2 .......... 862 22,870 19,777 295,920 248,692 491,263 62,393 6,859 .......... .......... 1,149,475 720 402 1 1 939 28,402 20,578 331,280 257,413 518,106 71,258 581 .......... .......... 1,229,681 913 420 1 1 985 47,867 22,083 372,375 266,009 548,880 70,678 586 .......... .......... 1,330,798 1,034 449 1 .......... 1,076 27,012 22,871 426,893 274,703 580,811 73,295 608 .......... .......... 1,408,753 1,123 502 .......... 2,316 1,153 26,886 24,086 445,830 333,765 611,349 84,744 685 .......... .......... 1,532,439 1,095 504 .......... 116 1,263 25,683 26,109 488,349 431,874 676,858 94,663 482 .......... .......... 1,746,996 1,134 582 .......... 266 1,287 46,132 31,809 510,467 508,798 700,050 106,593 709 .......... .......... 1,907,827 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,184 155,878 .......... 78,682 1 360 .......... .......... .......... 236,105 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,391 169,844 .......... 83,832 2 403 .......... .......... .......... 255,472 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,402 185,894 .......... 83,307 3 454 .......... .......... .......... 271,060 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,465 193,279 .......... 87,663 2 531 .......... .......... .......... 282,940 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,459 192,599 .......... 87,127 9 588 .......... .......... .......... 281,782 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,432 202,986 .......... 88,422 16 613 .......... .......... .......... 293,469 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,484 214,283 .......... 93,534 23 664 .......... .......... .......... 309,988 .......... .......... .......... 50 .......... 1,531 264,419 .......... 99,237 45 779 .......... .......... .......... 366,061 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,571 286,495 .......... 110,319 28 800 .......... .......... .......... 399,213 549 362 6 .......... 808 15,943 168,536 252,674 313,507 451,887 53,413 652 146 .......... 1,258,483 481 371 5 .......... 812 21,656 188,073 273,060 351,696 470,193 58,798 1,247 21 .......... 1,366,413 432 405 2 .......... 862 24,272 205,671 295,920 331,999 491,266 62,847 6,859 .......... .......... 1,420,535 720 402 1 1 939 29,867 213,857 331,280 345,076 518,108 71,789 581 .......... .......... 1,512,621 913 420 1 1 985 49,326 214,682 372,375 353,136 548,889 71,266 586 .......... .......... 1,612,580 1,034 449 1 .......... 1,076 28,444 225,857 426,893 363,125 580,827 73,908 608 .......... .......... 1,702,222 1,123 502 .......... 2,316 1,153 28,370 238,369 445,830 427,299 611,372 85,408 685 .......... .......... 1,842,427 1,095 504 .......... 166 1,263 27,214 290,528 488,349 531,111 676,903 95,442 482 .......... .......... 2,113,057 1,134 582 .......... 266 1,287 47,703 318,304 510,467 619,117 700,078 107,393 709 .......... .......... 2,307,040 217 Table 11.2 - FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total direct payments for individuals Grants to States for Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total grants for payments for individuals Total Payments for Individuals: 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Note: Includes both on and off-budget outlays. All social security payments for individuals are off-budget 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 estimate 1,309 642 .......... 22 1,399 46,792 34,943 548,466 486,223 724,151 123,104 731 .......... .......... 1,967,782 1,246 643 .......... 2 1,301 48,417 34,391 537,624 437,454 767,069 120,213 694 .......... .......... 1,949,054 1,328 633 .......... 2 1,441 44,228 32,814 567,947 433,981 807,249 134,571 671 .......... .......... 2,024,865 1,142 606 .......... 2 1,493 55,738 46,456 584,999 411,945 844,342 144,522 722 .......... .......... 2,091,967 1,092 629 .......... 2 1,546 60,473 61,233 622,084 405,333 881,365 152,833 832 .......... .......... 2,187,422 1,163 612 .......... 2 1,681 44,962 60,805 677,505 412,403 909,865 166,477 2,451 .......... .......... 2,277,926 1,305 635 .......... 2 1,628 87,822 72,536 690,117 399,104 938,649 166,735 2,787 .......... .......... 2,361,320 1,420 662 .......... 2 1,568 47,671 81,860 692,193 385,853 981,466 170,253 2,109 .......... .......... 2,365,057 1,445 706 .......... 2 1,725 72,927 87,941 762,593 421,525 1,040,588 191,189 3,182 .......... .......... 2,583,823 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,595 289,444 .......... 108,249 27 946 .......... .......... .......... 400,261 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,520 265,136 .......... 100,046 29 1,053 .......... .......... .......... 367,784 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,446 280,509 .......... 98,448 22 1,032 .......... .......... .......... 381,457 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,459 316,332 .......... 97,885 16 1,183 .......... .......... .......... 416,875 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,683 364,557 .......... 99,460 15 1,777 .......... .......... .......... 467,492 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,984 393,694 .......... 102,420 10 1,789 .......... .......... .......... 499,897 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,909 403,443 .......... 104,346 10 1,951 .......... .......... .......... 511,659 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,085 417,698 .......... 107,597 18 2,015 .......... .......... .......... 529,413 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,906 450,836 .......... 111,466 14 2,245 .......... .......... .......... 568,467 1,309 642 .......... 22 1,399 48,387 324,387 548,466 594,472 724,178 124,050 731 .......... .......... 2,368,043 1,246 643 .......... 2 1,301 49,937 299,527 537,624 537,500 767,098 121,266 694 .......... .......... 2,316,838 1,328 633 .......... 2 1,441 45,674 313,323 567,947 532,429 807,271 135,603 671 .......... .......... 2,406,322 1,142 606 .......... 2 1,493 57,197 362,788 584,999 509,830 844,358 145,705 722 .......... .......... 2,508,842 1,092 629 .......... 2 1,546 62,156 425,790 622,084 504,793 881,380 154,610 832 .......... .......... 2,654,914 1,163 612 .......... 2 1,681 46,946 454,499 677,505 514,823 909,875 168,266 2,451 .......... .......... 2,777,823 1,305 635 .......... 2 1,628 89,731 475,979 690,117 503,450 938,659 168,686 2,787 .......... .......... 2,872,979 1,420 662 .......... 2 1,568 49,756 499,558 692,193 493,450 981,484 172,268 2,109 .......... .......... 2,894,470 1,445 706 .......... 2 1,725 76,833 538,777 762,593 532,991 1,040,602 193,434 3,182 .......... .......... 3,152,290 218 Table 11.2 - FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Category Direct Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total direct payments for individuals Grants to States for Payments for Individuals 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total grants for payments for individuals Total Payments for Individuals: 050 National Defense 150 International affairs 300 Natural resources and environment 350 Agriculture 400 Transportation 500 Education, training, employment, and social services 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income security 650 Social security 700 Veterans benefits and services 750 Administration of justice 800 General government 920 Allowances Total payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Note: Includes both on and off-budget outlays. All social security payments for individuals are off-budget 219 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2023 estimate 2024 estimate 1,458 613 .......... 2 1,799 44,126 91,430 808,340 405,114 1,101,086 207,223 1,825 .......... 100 2,663,116 1,456 444 .......... .......... 1,863 41,330 174,702 859,317 408,329 1,164,915 224,487 1,140 .......... -400 2,877,583 1,426 310 .......... .......... 1,934 40,847 166,348 960,017 426,800 1,233,412 244,243 775 .......... -700 3,075,412 1,374 310 .......... .......... 2,007 38,052 167,730 996,918 427,643 1,306,352 243,505 575 .......... -1,000 3,183,466 1,335 310 .......... .......... 2,083 35,962 172,449 1,030,663 426,466 1,383,754 241,257 575 .......... -1,000 3,293,854 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,770 449,730 .......... 107,274 24 2,487 .......... .......... .......... 562,285 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,889 398,065 .......... 107,577 20 3,154 .......... .......... .......... 510,705 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,892 387,857 .......... 108,487 13 3,150 .......... .......... .......... 501,399 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,907 404,981 .......... 108,609 1 3,170 .......... .......... .......... 518,668 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,899 413,103 .......... 109,130 .......... 3,150 .......... .......... .......... 527,282 1,458 613 .......... 2 1,799 46,896 541,160 808,340 512,388 1,101,110 209,710 1,825 .......... 100 3,225,401 1,456 444 .......... .......... 1,863 43,219 572,767 859,317 515,906 1,164,935 227,641 1,140 .......... -400 3,388,288 1,426 310 .......... .......... 1,934 42,739 554,205 960,017 535,287 1,233,425 247,393 775 .......... -700 3,576,811 1,374 310 .......... .......... 2,007 39,959 572,711 996,918 536,252 1,306,353 246,675 575 .......... -1,000 3,702,134 1,335 310 .......... .......... 2,083 37,861 585,552 1,030,663 535,596 1,383,754 244,407 575 .......... -1,000 3,821,136 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Total 1940 Direct Grants Total 1941 Direct Grants Total 1942 Direct Grants Total 1943 Direct Grants Total 1944 Direct Grants Total 16 .......... 113 129 16 .......... 113 129 .......... .......... .......... .......... 64 .......... 121 186 64 .......... 121 186 .......... .......... .......... .......... 110 .......... 126 237 110 .......... 126 237 .......... .......... .......... .......... 149 .......... 130 280 149 .......... 130 280 .......... .......... .......... .......... 185 .......... 134 319 185 .......... 134 319 .......... .......... .......... .......... 240 .......... 141 381 60 68 244 17 389 498 60 68 244 17 389 498 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 65 74 247 16 402 451 65 74 247 16 402 451 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 70 78 246 16 410 377 70 78 246 16 410 377 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 75 85 251 16 428 176 75 85 251 16 428 176 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 80 105 365 17 567 61 80 105 365 17 567 61 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 85 154 497 18 754 71 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 69 21 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 97 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 68 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 78 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 18 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 18 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 73 24 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 104 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 72 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 82 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 20 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 21 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 81 26 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 114 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 79 4 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 90 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 22 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 24 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 87 30 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 124 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 85 7 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 100 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 23 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 24 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 97 78 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 184 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 96 10 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 114 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 68 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 70 .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 131 94 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 232 .......... .......... .......... 19 .......... .......... .......... 19 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 324 .......... .......... .......... 319 .......... .......... .......... 5 .......... .......... .......... 395 .......... .......... .......... 385 .......... .......... .......... 10 .......... .......... .......... 677 .......... .......... .......... 667 .......... .......... .......... 10 .......... .......... .......... 535 .......... .......... .......... 525 .......... .......... .......... 10 .......... .......... .......... 112 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 279 .......... .......... .......... 185 .......... .......... 399 863 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 185 .......... .......... 399 584 .......... 279 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 279 .......... 330 .......... .......... .......... 186 .......... .......... 415 931 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 186 .......... .......... 415 601 .......... 330 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 330 .......... 376 .......... .......... .......... 185 .......... .......... 316 878 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 185 .......... .......... 316 501 .......... 376 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 376 .......... 395 .......... .......... .......... 191 .......... .......... 106 692 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 191 .......... .......... 106 297 .......... 395 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 395 .......... 430 .......... .......... .......... 130 .......... .......... 42 601 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 130 .......... .......... 42 172 .......... 430 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 430 .......... 401 .......... .......... .......... 235 .......... .......... 48 684 .......... 76 .......... .......... .......... .......... 76 2,071 .......... 76 .......... .......... .......... .......... 76 1,774 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 298 .......... 63 .......... .......... .......... .......... 63 2,460 .......... 63 .......... .......... .......... .......... 63 2,104 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 356 .......... 46 .......... .......... .......... .......... 46 2,456 .......... 46 .......... .......... .......... .......... 46 2,046 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 410 .......... 37 .......... .......... .......... .......... 37 2,414 .......... 37 .......... .......... .......... .......... 37 1,984 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 430 .......... 65 .......... .......... .......... .......... 65 2,331 .......... 65 .......... .......... .......... .......... 65 1,822 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 509 .......... 153 .......... .......... .......... .......... 153 2,387 220 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. 1945 Direct Grants Total 1946 Direct Grants Total 1947 Direct Grants Total 1948 Direct Grants Total 1949 Direct Grants Total 1950 Direct 240 .......... 141 381 .......... .......... .......... .......... 321 .......... 152 472 321 .......... 152 472 .......... .......... .......... .......... 426 .......... 173 599 426 .......... 173 599 .......... .......... .......... .......... 512 .......... 222 734 512 .......... 222 734 .......... .......... .......... .......... 607 .......... 278 885 607 .......... 278 885 .......... .......... .......... .......... 727 .......... 300 1,027 727 .......... 300 1,027 85 154 497 18 754 71 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 93 287 942 17 1,340 1,145 93 287 942 17 1,340 1,145 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 122 296 1,400 25 1,844 869 122 296 1,400 25 1,844 869 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 136 243 1,434 26 1,839 858 136 243 1,434 26 1,839 858 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 162 220 1,467 27 1,877 1,327 162 220 1,467 27 1,877 1,327 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 195 267 1,533 38 2,032 2,013 195 267 1,533 38 2,032 2,013 .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 129 12 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 149 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 82 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 83 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 253 72 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3 334 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 252 12 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3 274 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 60 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 61 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 516 60 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 584 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 515 14 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 536 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 46 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 47 .......... .......... .......... .......... 7 559 48 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 616 .......... .......... .......... .......... 7 557 15 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 581 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 33 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 35 .......... .......... .......... .......... 11 620 66 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 701 .......... .......... .......... .......... 11 617 24 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 653 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3 42 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 48 .......... .......... .......... .......... 12 764 120 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 904 .......... .......... .......... .......... 12 761 27 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 805 .......... .......... .......... 103 .......... .......... .......... 9 1,342 .......... 1,342 77 1,342 .......... 1,342 70 .......... .......... .......... 7 3,566 .......... 3,566 413 3,566 .......... 3,566 407 .......... .......... .......... 6 3,174 .......... 3,174 98 3,174 .......... 3,174 95 .......... .......... .......... 3 3,207 .......... 3,207 42 3,207 .......... 3,207 39 .......... .......... .......... 3 2,739 .......... 2,739 -37 2,739 .......... 2,739 -44 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 76 .......... .......... 76 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 76 .......... .......... 76 .......... 68 .......... .......... 68 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 68 .......... .......... 68 .......... 75 .......... .......... 75 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 75 .......... .......... 75 .......... 83 .......... .......... 83 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 235 .......... .......... 48 283 .......... 401 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 401 .......... 421 .......... .......... .......... 275 .......... .......... 62 758 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 275 .......... .......... 62 337 .......... 421 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 421 .......... 644 .......... .......... .......... 332 .......... .......... 59 1,035 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 332 .......... .......... 59 391 .......... 644 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 644 .......... 732 .......... .......... .......... 386 .......... .......... 58 1,176 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 386 .......... .......... 58 444 .......... 732 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 732 .......... 921 .......... .......... .......... 424 .......... .......... 46 1,391 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 424 .......... .......... 46 470 .......... 921 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 921 .......... 1,123 .......... .......... .......... 476 .......... .......... 43 1,642 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 476 .......... .......... 43 519 .......... 153 .......... .......... .......... .......... 153 1,894 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 493 .......... 330 .......... .......... .......... 29 359 5,828 .......... 330 .......... .......... .......... .......... 330 5,309 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 29 29 518 .......... 349 .......... .......... .......... 358 707 9,691 .......... 349 .......... .......... .......... .......... 349 8,560 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 358 358 1,131 .......... 377 .......... .......... .......... 42 419 8,982 .......... 377 .......... .......... .......... .......... 377 8,101 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 42 42 881 .......... 393 .......... .......... .......... 5 398 9,903 .......... 393 .......... .......... .......... .......... 393 8,851 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 5 1,052 .......... 3,101 .......... .......... .......... 2 3,104 13,508 .......... 3,101 .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,101 12,192 221 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Grants Total 1951 Direct Grants Total 1952 Direct Grants Total 1953 Direct Grants Total 1954 Direct Grants Total 1955 Direct Grants .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,498 .......... 317 1,815 1,498 .......... 317 1,815 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,982 .......... 385 2,367 1,982 .......... 385 2,367 .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,627 .......... 459 3,087 2,627 .......... 459 3,087 .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,275 .......... 496 3,771 3,275 .......... 496 3,771 .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,333 .......... 579 4,912 4,333 .......... 579 4,912 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 324 269 1,516 44 2,153 898 324 269 1,516 44 2,153 898 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 329 299 1,545 52 2,225 1,057 329 299 1,545 52 2,225 1,057 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 358 361 1,713 61 2,493 1,034 358 361 1,713 61 2,493 1,034 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 386 409 1,731 63 2,589 1,836 386 409 1,731 63 2,589 1,836 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 419 428 1,828 71 2,746 2,099 419 428 1,828 71 2,746 2,099 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3 93 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 100 .......... .......... .......... .......... 15 744 180 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 946 .......... .......... .......... .......... 15 741 31 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 790 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 149 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 156 .......... .......... .......... .......... 16 783 203 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3 1,008 .......... .......... .......... .......... 16 779 34 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3 832 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 169 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 176 .......... .......... .......... .......... 20 755 191 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3 972 .......... .......... .......... .......... 20 752 37 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3 812 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 154 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 161 .......... .......... .......... .......... 21 675 168 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 872 .......... .......... .......... .......... 21 672 37 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 736 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 130 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 136 .......... .......... .......... .......... 25 706 150 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 886 .......... .......... .......... .......... 25 700 36 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 765 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 114 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 122 .......... .......... .......... 7 1,953 .......... 1,953 124 1,953 .......... 1,953 117 .......... .......... .......... 7 1,326 .......... 1,326 148 1,326 .......... 1,326 136 .......... .......... .......... 12 668 .......... 668 29 668 .......... 668 3 .......... .......... .......... 26 546 .......... 546 -401 546 .......... 546 -446 .......... .......... .......... 44 678 .......... 678 -116 678 .......... 678 -183 .......... .......... .......... 67 .......... 83 .......... .......... 83 .......... 83 .......... .......... 83 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 83 .......... .......... 83 .......... 84 .......... .......... 84 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 84 .......... .......... 84 .......... 83 .......... .......... 83 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 83 .......... .......... 83 .......... 84 .......... .......... 84 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 84 .......... .......... 84 .......... 83 .......... .......... 83 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 83 .......... .......... 83 .......... 1,123 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,123 .......... 1,186 .......... .......... .......... 520 .......... .......... 42 1,748 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 520 .......... .......... 42 562 .......... 1,186 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,186 .......... 1,178 .......... .......... .......... 558 .......... .......... 60 1,795 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 558 .......... .......... 60 618 .......... 1,178 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,178 .......... 1,330 .......... .......... .......... 660 .......... .......... 38 2,028 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 660 .......... .......... 38 698 .......... 1,330 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,330 .......... 1,438 .......... .......... .......... 716 .......... .......... 38 2,192 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 716 .......... .......... 38 754 .......... 1,438 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,438 .......... 1,427 .......... .......... .......... 800 .......... .......... 26 2,253 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 800 .......... .......... 26 827 .......... 1,427 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,427 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 2 1,316 .......... 691 .......... .......... .......... 1 691 10,411 .......... 691 .......... .......... .......... .......... 691 8,979 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 1 1,432 .......... 1,088 .......... .......... .......... 1 1,088 11,098 .......... 1,088 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,088 9,648 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 1 1,450 .......... 660 .......... .......... .......... * 660 11,054 .......... 660 .......... .......... .......... .......... 660 9,454 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... * * 1,600 .......... 769 .......... .......... .......... .......... 769 12,259 .......... 769 .......... .......... .......... .......... 769 10,557 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,702 .......... 622 .......... .......... .......... .......... 622 14,163 .......... 622 .......... .......... .......... .......... 622 12,465 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,698 222 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Total 1956 Direct Grants Total 1957 Direct Grants Total 1958 Direct Grants Total 1959 Direct Grants Total 1960 Direct Grants Total 5,361 .......... 604 5,965 5,361 .......... 604 5,965 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,515 .......... 675 7,190 6,515 .......... 675 7,190 .......... .......... .......... .......... 7,875 168 721 8,764 7,875 168 721 8,764 .......... .......... .......... .......... 9,171 339 644 10,153 9,171 339 644 10,153 .......... .......... .......... .......... 10,867 528 343 11,738 10,867 528 343 11,738 .......... .......... .......... .......... 11,494 709 645 12,848 477 504 1,864 77 2,922 1,498 477 504 1,864 77 2,922 1,498 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 511 588 1,876 84 3,059 1,729 511 588 1,876 84 3,059 1,729 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 562 696 2,024 90 3,372 3,288 562 696 2,024 90 3,372 3,288 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 641 783 2,071 103 3,597 3,206 641 783 2,071 103 3,597 3,206 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 694 893 2,049 95 3,730 2,783 694 893 2,049 95 3,730 2,783 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 786 951 2,034 99 3,871 4,427 .......... .......... .......... .......... 32 768 141 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 948 .......... .......... .......... .......... 32 762 38 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 836 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 104 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 112 .......... .......... .......... .......... 39 780 168 4 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 996 .......... .......... .......... .......... 39 774 43 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 861 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 125 4 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 135 .......... .......... .......... .......... 41 832 218 6 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8 1,104 .......... .......... .......... .......... 41 826 52 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8 926 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 166 6 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 178 .......... .......... .......... .......... 47 894 267 6 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 1,218 .......... .......... .......... .......... 47 887 60 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 999 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 207 6 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 218 .......... .......... .......... .......... 55 931 254 5 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 1,250 .......... .......... .......... .......... 55 925 58 * .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 1,043 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 196 5 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 207 .......... .......... .......... 23 58 996 276 8 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 1,366 781 .......... 781 31 781 .......... 781 -51 .......... .......... .......... 82 787 .......... 787 60 787 .......... 787 -27 .......... .......... .......... 87 711 .......... 711 51 711 .......... 711 -44 .......... .......... .......... 95 585 .......... 585 97 585 .......... 585 -14 .......... .......... .......... 111 392 .......... 392 134 392 .......... 392 7 .......... .......... .......... 127 246 .......... 246 150 .......... 82 .......... .......... 82 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 82 .......... .......... 82 .......... 98 .......... .......... 98 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 98 .......... .......... 98 .......... 165 .......... .......... 165 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 165 .......... .......... 165 .......... 216 .......... .......... 216 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 216 .......... .......... 216 .......... 232 .......... .......... 232 .......... * .......... .......... * .......... 232 .......... .......... 232 .......... 239 .......... .......... 239 .......... 1,455 .......... .......... .......... 883 .......... .......... 53 2,391 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 883 .......... .......... 53 936 .......... 1,455 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,455 .......... 1,556 .......... .......... .......... 950 .......... .......... 64 2,571 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 950 .......... .......... 64 1,014 .......... 1,556 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,556 .......... 1,795 .......... .......... .......... 1,036 .......... .......... 9 2,840 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,036 .......... .......... 9 1,046 .......... 1,795 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,795 .......... 1,966 .......... .......... .......... 1,153 .......... .......... 10 3,130 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,153 .......... .......... 10 1,163 .......... 1,966 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,966 .......... 2,059 .......... .......... .......... 1,263 .......... .......... 11 3,333 .......... * .......... .......... .......... 1,263 .......... .......... 11 1,275 .......... 2,059 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,059 .......... 2,144 .......... .......... .......... 1,532 .......... .......... 14 3,690 .......... 599 .......... .......... .......... .......... 599 15,216 .......... 599 .......... .......... .......... .......... 599 13,485 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,731 .......... 601 .......... .......... .......... .......... 601 17,091 .......... 601 .......... .......... .......... .......... 601 15,215 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,876 .......... 664 .......... .......... .......... .......... 664 20,959 .......... 664 .......... .......... .......... .......... 664 18,728 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,232 .......... 642 .......... .......... .......... .......... 642 22,844 .......... 642 .......... .......... .......... .......... 642 20,332 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,512 .......... 665 .......... .......... .......... .......... 665 24,258 .......... 665 .......... .......... .......... .......... 665 21,632 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,625 .......... 801 .......... .......... .......... .......... 801 27,638 223 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. 1961 Direct Grants Total 1962 Direct Grants Total 1963 Direct Grants Total 1964 Direct Grants Total 1965 Direct Grants Total 1966 Direct 11,494 709 645 12,848 .......... .......... .......... .......... 13,027 1,022 652 14,702 13,027 1,022 652 14,702 .......... .......... .......... .......... 14,268 1,190 622 16,080 14,268 1,190 622 16,080 .......... .......... .......... .......... 14,981 1,269 671 16,920 14,981 1,269 671 16,920 .......... .......... .......... .......... 15,665 1,416 657 17,738 15,665 1,416 657 17,738 .......... .......... .......... .......... 18,516 1,748 725 20,989 18,516 1,748 725 20,989 786 951 2,034 99 3,871 4,427 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 903 1,060 2,019 103 4,085 3,489 903 1,060 2,019 103 4,085 3,489 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,022 1,178 2,118 110 4,427 3,697 1,022 1,178 2,118 110 4,427 3,697 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,217 1,320 2,159 108 4,803 3,334 1,217 1,320 2,159 108 4,803 3,334 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,391 1,440 2,177 106 5,114 2,549 1,391 1,440 2,177 106 5,114 2,549 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,598 1,687 2,222 107 5,615 2,079 1,598 1,687 2,222 107 5,615 2,079 .......... .......... .......... .......... 58 988 62 -* .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 1,114 .......... .......... .......... 23 .......... 8 214 8 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 252 .......... .......... .......... 103 62 1,084 301 11 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 24 1,584 .......... .......... .......... .......... 62 1,076 62 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 24 1,225 .......... .......... .......... 103 .......... 7 239 10 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 359 .......... .......... .......... 157 62 1,145 331 12 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 27 1,734 .......... .......... .......... .......... 62 1,137 63 4 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 27 1,294 .......... .......... .......... 157 .......... 7 268 7 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 440 .......... .......... .......... 210 66 1,229 379 13 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 34 1,929 .......... .......... .......... .......... 66 1,221 80 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 34 1,404 .......... .......... .......... 210 .......... 8 299 10 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 526 .......... .......... .......... 272 71 1,269 425 9 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 37 2,084 .......... .......... .......... .......... 71 1,261 92 -2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 37 1,459 .......... .......... .......... 272 .......... 8 333 11 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 625 .......... .......... .......... 770 75 1,318 495 15 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 40 2,714 .......... .......... .......... .......... 75 1,309 124 3 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 40 1,551 246 .......... 246 10 .......... .......... .......... 140 151 .......... 151 165 151 .......... 151 11 .......... .......... .......... 154 95 .......... 95 179 95 .......... 95 9 .......... .......... .......... 170 71 .......... 71 150 71 .......... 71 -33 .......... .......... .......... 183 52 .......... 52 231 52 .......... 52 24 .......... .......... .......... 208 51 45 96 238 51 45 96 13 .......... * .......... .......... * .......... 239 .......... .......... 239 14 261 .......... .......... 275 .......... 3 .......... .......... 3 14 258 .......... .......... 272 20 263 .......... .......... 284 1 1 .......... .......... 2 19 262 .......... .......... 281 30 278 .......... .......... 308 1 2 .......... .......... 3 29 276 .......... .......... 305 34 265 .......... .......... 299 3 2 .......... .......... 5 32 263 .......... .......... 295 69 294 .......... .......... 363 4 2 .......... .......... 6 .......... * .......... .......... .......... 1,532 .......... .......... 14 1,546 .......... 2,144 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,144 .......... 2,329 .......... .......... .......... 1,635 .......... .......... .......... 3,964 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,635 .......... .......... .......... 1,635 .......... 2,329 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,329 .......... 2,572 .......... .......... .......... 1,698 .......... .......... .......... 4,271 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,698 .......... .......... .......... 1,698 .......... 2,572 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,572 .......... 2,734 .......... .......... .......... 1,743 .......... .......... .......... 4,477 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,743 .......... .......... .......... 1,743 .......... 2,734 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,734 .......... 2,787 .......... .......... .......... 1,864 .......... .......... .......... 4,651 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,864 .......... .......... .......... 1,864 .......... 2,787 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,787 .......... 2,758 .......... .......... .......... 1,910 .......... .......... .......... 4,668 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,910 .......... .......... .......... 1,910 .......... 801 .......... .......... .......... .......... 801 24,862 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,775 .......... 768 .......... .......... .......... 242 1,010 29,426 .......... 768 .......... .......... .......... 242 1,010 26,311 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,114 .......... 877 .......... .......... .......... -51 826 31,592 .......... 877 .......... .......... .......... -51 826 28,128 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,464 .......... 735 .......... .......... .......... 92 827 32,821 .......... 735 .......... .......... .......... 92 827 29,072 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,748 .......... 676 .......... .......... .......... 46 722 33,441 .......... 676 .......... .......... .......... 46 722 29,527 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,914 .......... 599 .......... .......... .......... 267 866 37,629 .......... 599 .......... .......... .......... 267 866 33,126 224 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Grants Total 1967 Direct Grants Total 1968 Direct Grants Total 1969 Direct Grants Total 1970 Direct Grants Total 1971 Direct Grants .......... .......... .......... .......... 19,395 1,898 719 22,011 19,395 1,898 719 22,011 .......... .......... .......... .......... 21,175 2,124 930 24,229 21,175 2,124 930 24,229 .......... .......... .......... .......... 24,225 2,480 1,020 27,725 24,225 2,480 1,020 27,725 .......... .......... .......... .......... 26,846 2,805 1,002 30,654 26,846 2,805 1,002 30,654 .......... .......... .......... .......... 31,716 3,416 1,272 36,404 31,716 3,416 1,272 36,404 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,838 1,962 2,311 121 6,232 2,052 1,838 1,962 2,311 121 6,232 2,052 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,105 2,136 2,469 134 6,844 2,277 2,105 2,136 2,469 134 6,844 2,277 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,454 2,403 2,663 149 7,670 2,302 2,454 2,403 2,663 149 7,670 2,302 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,859 2,746 2,980 172 8,757 3,088 2,859 2,746 2,980 172 8,757 3,088 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,396 3,228 3,360 203 10,188 5,764 3,396 3,228 3,360 203 10,188 5,764 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 770 .......... 9 372 12 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,162 2,508 664 .......... 1,173 83 1,390 613 23 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 47 6,502 2,508 664 .......... .......... 83 1,380 159 12 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 47 4,853 .......... .......... .......... 1,173 .......... 10 454 11 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,648 3,736 1,390 .......... 1,806 94 1,468 648 39 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 51 9,232 3,736 1,390 .......... * 94 1,455 81 18 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 51 6,826 .......... .......... .......... 1,806 .......... 13 567 21 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,406 4,654 1,645 .......... 2,285 107 1,562 798 52 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 52 11,155 4,654 1,645 .......... .......... 107 1,548 138 22 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 52 8,166 .......... .......... .......... 2,285 .......... 14 660 30 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,989 4,804 1,979 .......... 2,727 120 1,798 923 110 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 58 12,520 4,804 1,979 .......... .......... 120 1,781 197 30 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 58 8,969 .......... .......... .......... 2,727 .......... 18 726 80 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,551 5,443 2,035 .......... 3,362 143 2,034 935 151 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 96 14,198 5,443 2,035 .......... .......... 143 2,015 263 35 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 96 10,030 .......... .......... .......... 3,362 .......... 19 672 116 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,169 .......... .......... .......... 226 300 226 526 271 300 226 526 20 .......... .......... .......... 251 470 460 930 294 470 460 930 9 .......... .......... .......... 284 691 570 1,261 363 691 570 1,261 16 .......... .......... .......... 346 1,002 503 1,505 476 1,002 503 1,505 34 .......... .......... .......... 442 1,644 904 2,548 735 1,644 904 2,548 173 .......... .......... .......... 562 65 291 .......... .......... 357 114 304 .......... .......... 418 8 2 .......... .......... 10 106 302 .......... .......... 408 185 321 .......... .......... 505 14 3 .......... .......... 16 171 318 .......... .......... 489 248 339 .......... .......... 587 13 3 .......... .......... 16 234 336 .......... .......... 570 577 383 .......... .......... 960 18 4 .......... .......... 22 559 379 .......... .......... 938 1,568 611 .......... .......... 2,179 1,548 8 .......... .......... 1,556 20 603 .......... .......... 623 .......... 2,758 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,758 .......... 2,720 .......... .......... .......... 1,893 .......... .......... .......... 4,613 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,893 .......... .......... .......... 1,893 .......... 2,720 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,720 .......... 3,166 .......... .......... .......... 2,048 .......... .......... .......... 5,215 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,048 .......... .......... .......... 2,048 .......... 3,166 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,166 .......... 3,618 .......... .......... .......... 2,149 .......... .......... .......... 5,767 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,149 .......... .......... .......... 2,149 .......... 3,618 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,618 .......... 4,142 .......... .......... .......... 2,255 .......... .......... .......... 6,397 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,255 .......... .......... .......... 2,255 .......... 4,142 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,142 .......... 5,486 .......... .......... .......... 2,330 .......... .......... .......... 7,816 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,330 .......... .......... .......... 2,330 .......... 5,486 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,486 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,503 .......... 897 .......... .......... .......... 322 1,219 43,845 .......... 897 .......... .......... .......... 322 1,219 38,817 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,028 .......... 691 .......... .......... .......... 282 973 50,498 .......... 691 .......... .......... .......... 282 973 44,152 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,346 .......... 775 .......... .......... .......... 238 1,013 57,842 .......... 775 .......... .......... .......... 238 1,013 50,318 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 7,524 10 848 .......... .......... .......... 157 1,016 65,372 10 848 .......... .......... .......... 157 1,016 56,299 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 9,074 319 820 .......... .......... .......... -47 1,092 80,925 318 820 .......... .......... .......... -47 1,091 70,083 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 10,841 225 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Total 1972 Direct Grants Total 1973 Direct Grants Total 1974 Direct Grants Total 1975 Direct Grants Total 1976 Direct Grants Total 35,266 4,098 1,371 40,735 35,266 4,098 1,371 40,735 .......... .......... .......... .......... 42,956 5,221 1,622 49,799 42,956 5,221 1,622 49,799 .......... .......... .......... .......... 48,760 6,230 1,723 56,712 48,760 6,230 1,723 56,712 .......... .......... .......... .......... 55,828 7,729 3,720 67,277 55,828 7,729 3,720 67,277 .......... .......... .......... .......... 63,361 9,341 2,226 74,929 63,361 9,341 2,226 74,929 .......... .......... .......... .......... 16,876 2,582 912 20,371 3,897 3,772 3,496 221 11,386 6,656 3,897 3,772 3,496 221 11,386 6,656 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,402 4,515 3,843 240 12,999 4,895 4,402 4,515 3,843 240 12,999 4,895 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,142 5,661 3,990 263 15,056 5,652 5,142 5,661 3,990 263 15,056 5,652 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,258 7,048 4,697 385 18,388 12,806 6,258 7,048 4,697 385 18,388 12,806 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 7,310 8,267 5,173 463 21,214 18,560 7,310 8,267 5,173 463 21,214 18,560 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,951 2,261 1,325 129 5,665 3,304 6,109 2,255 .......... 4,601 170 2,423 1,030 232 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 133 16,954 6,109 2,255 .......... .......... 170 2,405 202 45 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 133 11,319 .......... .......... .......... 4,601 .......... 19 828 187 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,635 6,649 2,391 .......... 4,600 198 2,710 982 395 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 175 18,099 6,649 2,391 .......... .......... 198 2,689 180 76 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 175 12,358 .......... .......... .......... 4,600 .......... 20 802 319 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,741 7,807 2,874 .......... 5,818 216 3,004 986 358 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 204 21,267 7,807 2,874 .......... .......... 216 2,978 178 56 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 204 14,313 .......... .......... .......... 5,818 .......... 26 808 302 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,954 10,355 3,765 .......... 6,840 283 3,663 1,298 639 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 296 27,140 10,355 3,765 .......... .......... 283 3,630 351 49 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 296 18,730 .......... .......... .......... 6,840 .......... 32 947 590 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,410 12,270 4,672 .......... 8,568 332 4,044 1,541 604 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 406 32,438 12,270 4,672 .......... .......... 332 3,992 248 69 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 406 21,989 .......... .......... .......... 8,568 .......... 52 1,293 535 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 10,449 3,315 1,269 .......... 2,229 91 1,038 284 172 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 114 8,513 1,942 1,067 3,009 1,090 1,942 1,067 3,009 340 .......... .......... .......... 751 2,781 1,199 3,980 1,596 2,781 1,199 3,980 541 .......... .......... .......... 1,055 3,233 1,054 4,287 1,797 3,233 1,054 4,287 675 .......... .......... .......... 1,122 4,561 1,604 6,165 2,025 4,561 1,582 6,143 692 .......... 22 22 1,333 5,498 2,384 7,881 2,462 5,498 2,349 7,847 868 .......... 35 35 1,594 777 595 1,372 654 1,909 716 .......... 593 3,218 1,882 8 .......... 13 1,904 27 707 .......... 580 1,314 2,208 693 .......... 740 3,641 2,177 8 .......... 12 2,197 31 685 .......... 728 1,444 2,845 802 .......... 787 4,433 2,797 8 .......... 44 2,850 48 793 .......... 743 1,583 4,599 1,575 .......... 469 6,643 4,463 10 .......... 18 4,491 136 1,565 .......... 451 2,152 5,632 1,890 143 294 7,959 5,365 12 1 10 5,389 267 1,878 141 284 2,570 1,325 393 41 64 1,824 .......... 6,559 .......... .......... .......... 2,531 .......... .......... .......... 9,089 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,531 .......... .......... .......... 2,531 .......... 6,559 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,559 .......... 5,922 .......... .......... .......... 2,565 .......... .......... .......... 8,487 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,565 .......... .......... .......... 2,565 .......... 5,922 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,922 1,954 5,423 .......... .......... .......... 2,530 .......... .......... .......... 9,907 1,907 .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,530 .......... .......... .......... 4,437 47 5,423 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,470 4,320 5,121 .......... .......... .......... 2,739 .......... .......... 3 12,183 4,209 .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,739 .......... .......... 3 6,952 110 5,121 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,231 4,573 5,849 .......... 808 .......... 2,859 .......... .......... 290 14,379 4,507 .......... .......... 808 .......... 2,859 .......... .......... 290 8,464 67 5,849 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,916 1,165 1,606 .......... 86 .......... 719 .......... .......... 69 3,645 418 887 .......... .......... .......... -160 1,145 93,281 418 887 .......... .......... .......... -160 1,144 79,022 * .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... * 14,259 952 680 .......... .......... .......... -239 1,393 104,887 952 680 .......... .......... .......... -239 1,393 90,726 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 14,161 1,000 819 .......... .......... .......... 90 1,910 121,020 1,000 819 .......... .......... .......... 90 1,909 105,891 * .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... * 15,129 968 978 .......... .......... .......... 143 2,089 154,717 968 978 .......... .......... .......... 143 2,089 137,568 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 17,149 998 869 .......... .......... .......... 106 1,973 181,795 998 869 .......... .......... .......... 106 1,973 161,231 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 20,563 240 196 .......... .......... .......... -4 433 45,781 226 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. TQ Direct Grants Total 1977 Direct Grants Total 1978 Direct Grants Total 1979 Direct Grants Total 1980 Direct Grants Total 1981 Direct 16,876 2,582 912 20,371 .......... .......... .......... .......... 72,486 11,212 2,560 86,258 72,486 11,212 2,560 86,258 .......... .......... .......... .......... 80,119 12,328 2,332 94,779 80,119 12,328 2,332 94,779 .......... .......... .......... .......... 89,052 13,542 2,767 105,361 89,052 13,542 2,767 105,361 .......... .......... .......... .......... 102,067 14,998 3,268 120,333 102,067 14,998 3,268 120,333 .......... .......... .......... .......... 121,003 16,879 3,643 141,524 121,003 16,879 3,643 141,524 1,951 2,261 1,325 129 5,665 3,304 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,232 9,531 5,735 553 24,051 14,321 8,232 9,531 5,735 553 24,051 14,321 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 9,188 10,867 6,173 483 26,711 10,888 9,188 10,867 6,173 483 26,711 10,888 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 10,297 12,369 6,756 538 29,960 10,637 10,297 12,369 6,756 538 29,960 10,637 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 11,939 14,662 7,446 661 34,709 17,139 11,939 14,662 7,446 661 34,709 17,139 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 13,750 17,597 8,438 735 40,521 19,006 13,750 17,597 8,438 735 40,521 19,006 3,315 1,269 .......... .......... 91 1,025 57 16 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 114 5,888 .......... .......... .......... 2,229 .......... 13 227 156 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,624 14,912 5,867 .......... 9,876 395 4,706 1,460 516 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 504 38,237 14,912 5,867 .......... .......... 395 4,628 299 45 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 504 26,651 .......... .......... .......... 9,876 .......... 79 1,161 471 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 11,586 17,419 6,856 .......... 10,680 467 5,252 1,308 642 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 581 43,205 17,419 6,856 .......... .......... 467 5,177 279 37 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 581 30,815 .......... .......... .......... 10,680 .......... 76 1,029 605 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 12,390 19,900 8,260 .......... 12,407 555 5,611 1,417 632 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 637 49,419 19,900 8,260 .......... .......... 555 5,524 288 38 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 637 35,202 .......... .......... .......... 12,407 .......... 86 1,129 594 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 14,217 23,802 10,152 .......... 13,957 637 6,513 1,500 730 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 737 58,029 23,802 10,152 .......... .......... 637 6,423 578 51 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 737 42,380 .......... .......... .......... 13,957 .......... 90 922 679 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 15,648 28,916 12,351 .......... 16,833 679 6,964 1,470 712 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 914 68,840 28,916 12,351 .......... .......... 679 6,891 353 48 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 914 50,153 777 590 1,366 241 .......... 6 6 413 3,686 2,699 6,385 2,925 3,686 2,637 6,323 1,101 .......... 62 62 1,825 3,368 3,059 6,428 3,634 3,368 3,004 6,372 1,211 .......... 56 56 2,423 2,796 3,767 6,563 4,299 2,796 3,706 6,501 1,515 .......... 62 62 2,784 2,421 5,089 7,510 5,579 2,421 5,011 7,432 2,126 .......... 78 78 3,453 2,368 6,166 8,534 7,670 2,368 6,087 8,455 3,612 1,260 3 1 2 1,266 65 390 41 62 558 5,399 2,792 245 91 8,527 5,128 17 3 5 5,153 271 2,775 242 86 3,375 5,499 2,665 371 325 8,859 5,200 139 .......... 4 5,343 299 2,526 371 321 3,516 6,822 3,014 542 338 10,716 6,498 152 .......... 4 6,654 324 2,862 542 334 4,061 9,117 3,536 717 562 13,932 8,705 148 1 5 8,858 412 3,388 716 557 5,074 11,253 3,543 930 394 16,119 10,764 183 2 5 10,954 1,159 .......... .......... 86 .......... 719 .......... .......... 69 2,033 5 1,606 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,611 4,772 6,351 110 901 .......... 3,113 .......... .......... 132 15,378 4,732 .......... .......... 901 .......... 3,113 .......... .......... 132 8,878 39 6,351 110 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,500 5,280 6,639 193 881 .......... 3,239 .......... .......... 153 16,386 5,241 23 .......... 881 .......... 3,239 .......... .......... 153 9,538 39 6,616 193 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,848 4,865 6,610 186 773 .......... 3,522 .......... .......... 255 16,210 4,824 27 .......... 773 .......... 3,522 .......... .......... 255 9,400 41 6,584 186 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,810 5,716 7,308 1,577 1,275 .......... 3,585 .......... .......... 320 19,783 5,677 36 398 1,275 .......... 3,585 .......... .......... 320 11,291 39 7,273 1,180 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,492 6,467 8,175 1,780 1,318 .......... 3,755 557 .......... 324 22,377 6,422 42 126 1,318 .......... 3,755 1 .......... 324 11,988 240 196 .......... .......... .......... -4 433 40,569 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,212 956 933 .......... .......... .......... 75 1,964 198,048 956 933 .......... .......... .......... 75 1,964 174,700 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 23,348 1,005 909 .......... .......... .......... 221 2,136 213,026 1,005 909 .......... .......... .......... 166 2,080 187,738 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 56 56 25,288 1,611 1,033 .......... .......... .......... 316 2,960 236,125 1,611 1,033 .......... .......... .......... 184 2,828 208,059 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 132 132 28,066 1,840 1,188 .......... .......... .......... 363 3,391 280,404 1,840 1,188 .......... .......... .......... 24 3,053 247,320 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 338 338 33,084 1,770 1,243 .......... .......... .......... 911 3,924 328,516 1,770 1,243 .......... .......... .......... 270 3,283 289,497 227 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Grants Total 1982 Direct Grants Total 1983 Direct Grants Total 1984 Direct Grants Total 1985 Direct Grants Total 1986 Direct Grants .......... .......... .......... .......... 136,454 17,463 3,907 157,823 136,454 17,463 3,907 157,823 .......... .......... .......... .......... 150,893 17,620 4,924 173,437 150,893 17,620 4,924 173,437 .......... .......... .......... .......... 158,256 17,797 4,230 180,283 158,256 17,797 4,230 180,283 .......... .......... .......... .......... 167,732 18,700 5,892 192,324 167,732 18,700 5,892 192,324 .......... .......... .......... .......... 176,949 19,598 5,799 202,347 176,949 19,598 5,799 202,347 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 14,961 19,405 9,289 816 44,472 22,570 14,961 19,405 9,289 816 44,472 22,570 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 15,972 20,717 9,857 759 47,304 30,464 15,972 20,717 9,857 759 47,304 30,464 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 16,501 21,813 9,973 825 49,113 23,808 16,501 21,813 9,973 825 49,113 23,808 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 15,835 23,012 10,243 790 49,880 21,312 15,835 23,012 10,243 790 49,880 21,312 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 17,654 23,942 10,442 942 52,979 19,281 17,654 23,942 10,442 942 52,979 19,281 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 16,833 .......... 73 1,117 664 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 18,687 34,354 14,813 .......... 17,391 654 7,517 1,546 656 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,039 77,968 34,354 14,813 .......... .......... 654 7,455 955 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,039 59,269 .......... .......... .......... 17,391 .......... 62 591 656 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 18,700 38,005 17,493 .......... 18,985 692 8,272 1,174 506 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,305 86,433 38,005 17,493 .......... .......... 692 8,208 745 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,305 66,448 .......... .......... .......... 18,985 .......... 64 429 506 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 19,985 41,476 19,475 .......... 20,061 790 8,860 1,203 501 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,498 93,865 41,476 19,475 .......... .......... 790 8,795 178 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,498 72,213 .......... .......... .......... 20,061 .......... 65 1,025 501 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 21,652 47,841 21,808 .......... 22,655 872 9,546 1,224 501 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,540 105,987 47,841 21,808 .......... .......... 872 9,456 186 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,540 81,703 .......... .......... .......... 22,655 .......... 91 1,037 501 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 24,284 49,018 25,166 .......... 24,995 870 9,871 1,249 494 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 937 112,601 49,018 25,166 .......... .......... 870 9,785 171 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 937 85,947 .......... .......... .......... 24,995 .......... 87 1,078 494 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 26,654 .......... 78 78 4,059 2,078 5,758 7,835 8,638 2,078 5,701 7,779 3,716 .......... 57 57 4,922 1,820 6,601 8,421 9,918 1,820 6,550 8,371 4,200 .......... 51 51 5,718 1,532 7,036 8,568 11,157 1,532 6,966 8,498 5,388 .......... 70 70 5,769 1,314 7,800 9,115 25,064 1,314 7,724 9,039 18,647 .......... 76 76 6,417 1,135 8,036 9,171 12,212 1,135 7,954 9,089 4,769 .......... 82 82 7,443 489 3,359 928 389 5,165 11,014 3,043 930 506 15,493 10,262 167 1 6 10,436 752 2,875 928 500 5,056 12,653 3,293 1,126 803 17,876 11,210 178 3 5 11,396 1,444 3,115 1,123 798 6,480 12,375 3,552 1,367 726 18,021 10,829 192 2 9 11,032 1,547 3,361 1,365 717 6,989 12,526 3,681 1,495 805 18,506 10,815 201 * 9 11,025 1,710 3,480 1,495 796 7,481 12,443 3,835 1,578 718 18,574 10,651 157 * 9 10,817 1,792 3,678 1,577 710 7,756 45 8,134 1,653 .......... .......... .......... 557 .......... .......... 10,389 6,864 7,990 1,687 1,201 .......... 3,879 418 .......... 259 22,298 6,844 42 2 1,201 .......... 3,879 16 .......... 259 12,244 20 7,947 1,685 .......... .......... .......... 402 .......... .......... 10,054 7,894 8,391 1,993 1,213 .......... 3,894 410 .......... 234 24,030 7,881 50 3 1,213 .......... 3,894 2 .......... 234 13,277 13 8,341 1,991 .......... .......... .......... 408 .......... .......... 10,753 7,633 8,854 2,026 1,193 .......... 3,874 659 .......... 271 24,509 7,625 56 2 1,193 .......... 3,874 10 .......... 271 13,031 8 8,799 2,024 .......... .......... .......... 648 .......... .......... 11,478 8,654 9,224 2,141 1,100 .......... 3,842 749 .......... 300 26,010 8,654 55 2 1,100 .......... 3,842 11 .......... 300 13,964 .......... 9,169 2,139 .......... .......... .......... 738 .......... .......... 12,046 9,323 9,877 2,046 1,415 .......... 3,874 808 .......... 305 27,648 9,323 .......... .......... 1,415 .......... 3,874 14 .......... 305 14,931 .......... 9,877 2,046 .......... .......... .......... 794 .......... .......... 12,717 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 641 641 39,019 1,976 1,130 .......... .......... .......... 1,181 4,287 361,384 1,976 1,130 .......... .......... .......... 304 3,409 321,718 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 878 878 39,666 1,930 1,073 .......... .......... .......... 680 3,683 401,567 1,930 1,073 .......... .......... .......... 176 3,179 358,076 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 504 504 43,491 1,922 1,102 .......... .......... .......... 988 4,013 413,337 1,922 1,102 .......... .......... .......... 403 3,427 366,793 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 585 585 46,544 1,938 1,134 .......... .......... .......... 757 3,829 452,028 1,938 1,134 .......... .......... .......... 337 3,409 401,304 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 420 420 50,723 1,612 1,204 .......... .......... .......... 652 3,468 458,280 1,612 1,204 .......... .......... .......... 230 3,046 403,205 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 422 422 55,075 228 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Total 1987 Direct Grants Total 1988 Direct Grants Total 1989 Direct Grants Total 1990 Direct Grants Total 1991 Direct Grants Total 184,612 20,492 6,321 211,426 184,612 20,492 6,321 211,426 .......... .......... .......... .......... 195,331 21,477 6,412 223,219 195,331 21,477 6,412 223,219 .......... .......... .......... .......... 207,493 22,644 6,755 236,893 207,493 22,644 6,755 236,893 .......... .......... .......... .......... 221,926 24,423 6,972 253,322 221,926 24,423 6,972 253,322 .......... .......... .......... .......... 239,495 26,987 6,887 273,369 239,495 26,987 6,887 273,369 .......... .......... .......... .......... 254,466 30,452 7,448 292,366 18,117 25,713 10,516 907 55,253 18,102 18,117 25,713 10,516 907 55,253 18,102 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 19,058 28,047 11,268 970 59,343 16,090 19,058 28,047 11,268 970 59,343 16,090 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 20,223 29,134 11,669 1,132 62,158 16,057 20,223 29,134 11,669 1,132 62,158 16,057 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 21,604 31,036 10,735 804 64,179 17,511 21,604 31,036 10,735 804 64,179 17,511 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 23,142 33,195 12,153 1,229 69,720 25,451 23,142 33,195 12,153 1,229 69,720 25,451 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 24,573 33,550 12,658 1,236 72,018 37,701 49,976 29,937 .......... 27,435 866 10,299 1,235 622 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,626 121,995 49,976 29,937 .......... .......... 866 10,205 107 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,626 92,716 .......... .......... .......... 27,435 .......... 94 1,128 622 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 29,279 52,022 33,682 .......... 30,462 951 10,960 1,308 720 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,181 132,286 52,022 33,682 .......... .......... 951 10,854 229 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,155 99,893 .......... .......... .......... 30,462 .......... 106 1,079 720 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 27 32,393 57,433 36,867 .......... 34,604 1,050 11,488 1,230 666 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,526 145,864 57,433 36,867 .......... .......... 1,050 11,364 145 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,523 109,381 .......... .......... .......... 34,604 .......... 125 1,085 666 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3 36,483 65,912 41,498 .......... 41,103 1,117 12,281 1,371 1,241 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,861 167,385 65,912 41,498 .......... .......... 1,117 12,151 230 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,861 123,769 .......... .......... .......... 41,103 .......... 131 1,141 1,241 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 43,616 68,705 45,514 .......... 52,533 1,310 13,158 1,467 1,744 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,308 187,740 68,705 45,514 .......... .......... 1,310 13,020 355 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,308 132,213 .......... .......... .......... 52,533 .......... 138 1,112 1,744 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 55,527 80,784 48,627 .......... 67,827 1,558 14,526 1,832 1,778 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,937 220,868 1,065 7,469 8,534 12,613 1,065 7,403 8,468 5,213 .......... 66 66 7,400 1,035 8,139 9,175 13,813 1,035 8,071 9,106 5,162 .......... 68 68 8,651 1,008 9,906 10,914 14,627 1,008 9,838 10,846 6,074 .......... 68 68 8,553 791 10,442 11,234 15,870 791 10,369 11,160 6,318 .......... 73 73 9,552 811 11,272 12,083 17,107 811 11,211 12,023 6,640 .......... 60 60 10,466 1,003 10,500 11,504 18,829 12,407 4,060 1,670 772 18,909 10,448 138 * 10 10,596 1,959 3,922 1,669 762 8,313 13,145 4,305 1,804 794 20,047 11,152 146 3 9 11,310 1,993 4,158 1,801 785 8,737 13,725 4,574 1,942 1,022 21,263 11,650 119 2 9 11,780 2,075 4,455 1,940 1,013 9,484 15,923 4,996 2,121 999 24,039 13,793 125 3 11 13,932 2,130 4,871 2,119 987 10,107 19,649 5,557 2,280 1,070 28,556 17,278 139 5 13 17,435 2,371 5,418 2,275 1,057 11,121 22,800 6,146 2,545 1,196 32,686 9,933 10,540 1,829 1,410 .......... 3,793 802 .......... 309 28,616 9,933 .......... .......... 1,410 .......... 3,793 19 .......... 309 15,464 .......... 10,540 1,829 .......... .......... .......... 783 .......... .......... 13,152 11,370 10,764 1,585 2,698 .......... 3,935 1,004 .......... 306 31,663 11,370 .......... .......... 2,698 .......... 3,935 16 .......... 306 18,325 .......... 10,764 1,585 .......... .......... .......... 988 .......... .......... 13,337 11,503 11,166 1,393 4,002 .......... 4,024 1,344 .......... 307 33,739 11,503 .......... .......... 4,002 .......... 4,024 6 .......... 307 19,842 .......... 11,166 1,393 .......... .......... .......... 1,338 .......... .......... 13,897 11,493 12,246 1,314 4,354 .......... 3,594 1,579 .......... 291 34,872 11,493 .......... .......... 4,354 .......... 3,594 .......... .......... 291 19,733 .......... 12,246 1,314 .......... .......... .......... 1,579 .......... .......... 15,139 14,668 13,520 1,742 4,885 .......... 3,917 2,120 .......... 344 41,196 14,668 .......... .......... 4,885 .......... 3,917 .......... .......... 344 23,814 .......... 13,520 1,742 .......... .......... .......... 2,120 .......... .......... 17,382 17,239 15,103 1,142 7,345 .......... 3,666 2,505 .......... 329 47,330 1,598 1,205 .......... .......... .......... 827 3,630 479,078 1,598 1,205 .......... .......... .......... 453 3,256 420,493 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 374 374 58,585 1,558 1,275 .......... .......... .......... 1,552 4,386 510,022 1,558 1,275 .......... .......... .......... 1,240 4,074 446,524 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 312 312 63,498 1,520 1,350 .......... .......... .......... 1,368 4,237 545,753 1,520 1,350 .......... .......... .......... 997 3,867 476,898 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 370 370 68,855 1,482 1,400 .......... .......... .......... 1,088 3,970 592,381 1,482 1,400 .......... .......... .......... 697 3,578 513,503 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 391 391 78,878 1,786 1,395 .......... .......... .......... 997 4,177 659,399 1,786 1,395 .......... .......... .......... 769 3,949 564,614 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 228 228 94,786 1,796 1,460 .......... .......... .......... 2,010 5,265 738,568 229 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. 1992 Direct Grants Total 1993 Direct Grants Total 1994 Direct Grants Total 1995 Direct Grants Total 1996 Direct Grants Total 1997 Direct 254,466 30,452 7,448 292,366 .......... .......... .......... .......... 267,934 33,709 7,535 309,178 267,934 33,709 7,535 309,178 .......... .......... .......... .......... 279,710 36,966 7,621 324,297 279,710 36,966 7,621 324,297 .......... .......... .......... .......... 292,669 40,316 7,225 340,210 292,669 40,316 7,225 340,210 .......... .......... .......... .......... 303,539 43,281 4,846 351,666 303,539 43,281 4,846 351,666 .......... .......... .......... .......... 316,568 45,490 4,702 366,760 316,568 45,490 4,702 366,760 24,573 33,550 12,658 1,236 72,018 37,701 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 25,765 34,804 13,399 1,325 75,293 36,209 25,765 34,804 13,399 1,325 75,293 36,209 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 26,784 36,268 15,117 1,300 79,470 27,145 26,784 36,268 15,117 1,300 79,470 27,145 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 27,854 38,341 14,842 1,299 82,336 21,919 27,854 38,341 14,842 1,299 82,336 21,919 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 28,887 39,694 14,247 1,345 84,173 22,958 28,887 39,694 14,247 1,345 84,173 22,958 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 30,247 41,632 16,242 1,511 89,632 21,145 30,247 41,632 16,242 1,511 89,632 21,145 80,784 48,627 .......... .......... 1,558 14,371 473 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,937 149,750 .......... .......... .......... 67,827 .......... 155 1,359 1,778 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 71,118 90,738 52,409 .......... 75,774 1,742 15,318 1,994 1,994 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,723 244,692 90,738 52,409 .......... .......... 1,742 15,133 555 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,723 165,300 .......... .......... .......... 75,774 .......... 185 1,438 1,994 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 79,391 101,535 58,006 .......... 82,034 1,822 16,223 2,258 2,132 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,080 269,090 101,535 58,006 .......... .......... 1,822 16,026 793 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,080 183,262 .......... .......... .......... 82,034 .......... 197 1,465 2,132 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 85,827 113,583 63,491 .......... 89,070 2,012 17,001 2,213 2,444 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,473 294,287 113,583 63,491 .......... .......... 2,012 16,751 778 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,473 201,088 .......... .......... .......... 89,070 .......... 250 1,435 2,444 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 93,199 124,089 67,176 .......... 91,990 2,031 17,144 3,537 2,084 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,176 312,227 124,089 67,176 .......... .......... 2,031 16,880 775 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,176 215,128 .......... .......... .......... 91,990 .......... 264 2,762 2,083 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 97,099 136,175 71,133 .......... 95,552 2,174 17,613 3,023 1,622 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,463 331,755 136,175 71,133 .......... .......... 2,174 17,342 1,943 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,463 233,230 1,003 10,427 11,430 6,540 .......... 73 73 12,290 1,102 13,463 14,564 21,406 1,102 13,373 14,475 7,281 .......... 89 89 14,126 1,369 7,232 8,601 23,774 1,369 7,151 8,521 7,965 .......... 81 81 15,809 1,387 13,386 14,773 27,324 1,387 13,304 14,691 8,910 .......... 82 82 18,414 1,388 11,409 12,797 26,592 1,388 11,330 12,718 9,844 .......... 79 79 16,748 1,490 11,483 12,973 27,583 1,490 11,440 12,930 9,898 20,193 154 3 13 20,363 2,607 5,993 2,542 1,183 12,323 24,602 6,612 2,846 1,143 35,204 21,991 23 4 125 22,143 2,611 6,589 2,842 1,018 13,061 25,441 7,044 3,160 1,103 36,747 22,752 106 5 67 22,930 2,688 6,938 3,155 1,035 13,816 25,554 7,499 3,404 1,029 37,486 22,814 112 3 16 22,945 2,740 7,387 3,401 1,013 14,541 25,422 7,875 3,678 851 37,826 22,392 118 2 15 22,527 3,030 7,757 3,676 836 15,299 22,857 8,265 3,866 968 35,956 19,735 124 3 15 19,877 17,239 .......... * 7,345 .......... 3,666 .......... .......... 329 28,580 .......... 15,103 1,142 .......... .......... .......... 2,505 .......... .......... 18,751 20,343 15,628 1,068 8,781 411 3,529 2,636 .......... 389 52,784 20,343 .......... * 8,781 .......... 3,529 .......... .......... 389 33,042 .......... 15,628 1,067 .......... 411 .......... 2,636 .......... .......... 19,743 23,700 16,508 2,126 10,950 786 3,427 3,030 .......... 375 60,902 23,700 .......... * 10,950 .......... 3,427 .......... .......... 375 38,453 .......... 16,508 2,125 .......... 786 .......... 3,030 .......... .......... 22,450 23,685 17,133 1,419 15,244 933 3,024 3,243 .......... 429 65,110 23,685 .......... .......... 15,244 .......... 3,024 -1 .......... 429 42,381 .......... 17,133 1,419 .......... 933 .......... 3,244 .......... .......... 22,729 23,088 16,670 1,067 19,159 933 2,834 3,691 .......... 282 67,724 23,088 .......... .......... 19,159 .......... 2,834 .......... .......... 282 45,363 .......... 16,670 1,067 .......... 933 .......... 3,691 .......... .......... 22,361 25,512 15,069 1,221 21,856 2,307 3,055 4,047 .......... 282 73,349 25,512 -2 .......... 21,856 .......... 3,055 .......... .......... 282 50,703 1,796 1,460 .......... .......... .......... 1,705 4,961 623,708 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 304 304 114,860 1,779 1,247 567 .......... .......... 2,486 6,079 795,409 1,779 1,247 .......... .......... .......... 2,160 5,185 668,106 .......... .......... 567 .......... .......... 327 894 127,303 1,759 1,349 859 .......... .......... 914 4,882 834,908 1,759 1,349 .......... .......... .......... 582 3,690 695,732 .......... .......... 859 .......... .......... 333 1,192 139,176 1,703 1,374 952 .......... .......... 973 5,002 888,447 1,703 1,374 1 .......... .......... 627 3,705 738,185 .......... .......... 951 .......... .......... 346 1,297 150,262 1,657 1,369 818 .......... .......... 637 4,481 920,444 1,657 1,369 .......... .......... .......... 318 3,344 767,721 .......... .......... 818 .......... .......... 319 1,137 152,723 1,625 1,355 828 .......... .......... 1,146 4,954 964,107 1,625 1,355 .......... .......... .......... 869 3,849 808,024 230 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Grants Total 1998 Direct Grants Total 1999 Direct Grants Total 2000 Direct Grants Total 2001 Direct Grants Total 2002 Direct Grants .......... .......... .......... .......... 327,936 47,894 4,686 380,516 327,936 47,894 4,686 380,516 .......... .......... .......... .......... 336,064 50,622 4,668 391,354 336,064 50,622 4,668 391,354 .......... .......... .......... .......... 351,432 54,435 4,818 410,685 351,432 54,435 4,818 410,685 .......... .......... .......... .......... 370,950 58,231 5,346 434,527 370,950 58,231 5,346 434,527 .......... .......... .......... .......... 387,463 64,424 6,722 458,609 387,463 64,423 6,722 458,608 .......... 1 .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 31,204 42,973 17,151 1,517 92,845 20,094 31,204 42,973 17,151 1,517 92,845 20,094 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 31,962 43,859 17,994 1,674 95,489 21,736 31,962 43,859 17,994 1,674 95,489 21,736 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 32,872 45,099 20,777 1,683 100,431 21,139 32,872 45,099 20,777 1,683 100,431 21,139 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 34,159 47,276 18,587 1,950 101,972 28,341 34,159 47,276 18,587 1,950 101,972 28,341 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 35,123 48,872 22,429 2,037 108,461 51,207 35,123 48,872 22,429 2,037 108,461 51,207 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 95,552 .......... 271 1,080 1,622 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 98,525 135,486 74,841 5 101,234 2,151 18,107 3,042 2,234 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,591 341,691 135,486 74,841 .......... .......... 2,151 17,822 1,451 -2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,591 236,340 .......... .......... 5 101,234 .......... 285 1,591 2,236 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 105,351 129,462 79,008 565 108,042 2,201 18,742 3,481 2,215 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,780 348,496 129,462 79,008 .......... .......... 2,201 18,429 2,033 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4,780 235,914 .......... .......... 565 108,042 .......... 313 1,448 2,214 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 112,582 127,933 87,212 1,220 117,921 2,379 20,090 3,884 2,499 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,443 368,581 127,933 87,212 .......... .......... 2,379 19,668 1,856 568 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5,443 245,059 .......... .......... 1,220 117,921 .......... 422 2,028 1,931 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 123,522 139,356 97,526 3,699 129,374 2,561 21,730 4,065 2,737 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,344 407,392 139,356 97,526 .......... -60 2,561 21,342 2,245 643 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,344 269,957 .......... .......... 3,699 129,434 .......... 388 1,820 2,094 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 137,435 145,566 107,108 3,682 147,512 2,817 23,465 5,012 2,885 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,353 444,400 145,566 107,108 .......... -138 2,817 23,105 2,659 692 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,353 288,162 .......... .......... 3,682 147,650 .......... 360 2,353 2,193 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 156,238 .......... 43 43 17,685 1,458 11,343 12,801 28,638 1,458 11,292 12,750 8,979 .......... 51 51 19,659 1,593 10,015 11,608 27,039 1,593 9,992 11,585 4,640 .......... 23 23 22,399 1,636 9,245 10,881 28,622 1,636 9,204 10,840 8,657 .......... 41 41 19,965 1,763 8,343 10,106 29,844 1,763 8,283 10,046 8,722 .......... 60 60 21,122 2,241 15,200 17,441 32,789 2,241 15,121 17,362 9,150 .......... 79 79 23,639 3,122 8,141 3,863 953 16,079 20,141 8,564 3,902 876 33,483 16,468 128 1 15 16,612 3,673 8,436 3,901 861 16,871 19,005 8,878 3,942 1,212 33,037 15,643 138 .......... 16 15,797 3,362 8,740 3,942 1,196 17,240 18,295 9,203 3,950 921 32,369 14,787 143 .......... 19 14,949 3,508 9,060 3,950 902 17,420 19,096 9,560 4,077 1,203 33,936 15,432 144 -8 17 15,585 3,664 9,416 4,085 1,186 18,351 22,069 10,254 4,330 1,370 38,023 18,120 154 .......... -2 18,272 3,949 10,100 4,330 1,372 19,751 .......... 15,071 1,221 .......... 2,307 .......... 4,047 .......... .......... 22,646 26,257 15,455 1,132 23,239 3,122 3,059 4,451 .......... 286 77,001 26,257 .......... .......... 23,239 2 3,059 .......... .......... 284 52,841 .......... 15,455 1,132 .......... 3,120 .......... 4,451 .......... 2 24,160 26,845 16,917 1,176 25,632 3,286 3,076 4,707 445 298 82,382 26,845 .......... .......... 25,632 3 3,076 .......... 445 298 56,299 .......... 16,917 1,176 .......... 3,283 .......... 4,707 .......... .......... 26,083 29,660 18,370 1,495 26,099 3,307 2,969 5,453 809 303 88,465 29,660 .......... .......... 26,099 5 2,969 .......... 809 303 59,845 .......... 18,370 1,495 .......... 3,302 .......... 5,453 .......... .......... 28,620 26,027 21,864 2,161 26,123 3,717 2,760 5,711 982 319 89,664 26,027 -425 .......... 26,123 12 2,760 1 982 319 55,799 .......... 22,289 2,161 .......... 3,705 .......... 5,710 .......... .......... 33,865 29,530 22,747 1,773 27,826 4,539 3,166 5,885 5,060 333 100,859 29,530 .......... .......... 27,826 14 3,166 .......... 5,060 333 65,929 .......... 22,747 1,773 .......... 4,525 .......... 5,885 .......... .......... 34,930 .......... .......... 828 .......... .......... 277 1,105 156,083 1,585 1,339 830 .......... .......... 1,643 5,397 992,466 1,585 1,339 .......... .......... .......... 1,349 4,273 825,250 .......... .......... 830 .......... .......... 294 1,124 167,216 1,554 1,321 879 .......... .......... -1,505 2,249 1,013,390 1,554 1,321 .......... .......... .......... -1,741 1,134 833,948 .......... .......... 879 .......... .......... 236 1,115 179,442 1,529 1,363 885 .......... .......... 2,429 6,206 1,067,379 1,529 1,363 1 .......... .......... 2,149 5,042 876,647 .......... .......... 884 .......... .......... 280 1,164 190,732 1,499 1,347 952 .......... .......... 1,871 5,669 1,141,451 1,499 1,347 4 .......... .......... 1,526 4,376 929,325 .......... .......... 948 .......... .......... 345 1,293 212,126 1,484 1,320 1,105 347 20 2,418 6,694 1,258,483 1,484 1,320 .......... 347 20 2,056 5,227 1,022,378 .......... .......... 1,105 .......... .......... 362 1,467 236,105 231 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Total 2003 Direct Grants Total 2004 Direct Grants Total 2005 Direct Grants Total 2006 Direct Grants Total 2007 Direct Grants Total 400,179 70,014 24,498 494,691 400,179 70,012 24,498 494,689 .......... 2 .......... 2 414,788 76,478 5,929 497,195 414,788 76,475 5,929 497,192 .......... 3 .......... 3 433,956 84,152 5,417 523,525 433,956 84,150 5,417 523,523 .......... 2 .......... 2 457,726 91,163 5,763 554,652 457,726 91,154 5,763 554,643 .......... 9 .......... 9 483,320 97,507 5,955 586,782 483,320 97,491 5,955 586,766 .......... 16 .......... 16 506,625 104,747 6,169 617,541 35,640 50,282 24,705 1,917 112,544 55,049 35,640 50,282 24,705 1,917 112,544 55,049 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 37,063 52,157 26,307 2,198 117,725 43,128 37,063 52,157 26,307 2,198 117,725 43,128 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 39,026 54,695 30,888 2,431 127,040 33,085 39,026 54,695 30,888 2,431 127,040 33,085 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 41,209 57,855 31,000 2,374 132,438 31,876 41,209 57,855 31,000 2,374 132,438 31,876 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 43,566 60,899 31,064 2,631 138,160 33,208 43,566 60,899 31,064 2,631 138,160 33,208 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 45,934 63,526 36,266 2,711 148,437 43,424 151,250 121,810 4,355 160,693 2,945 25,568 5,323 3,038 4,315 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,953 486,250 151,250 121,810 .......... -112 2,945 25,165 2,810 867 4,315 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6,953 316,003 .......... .......... 4,355 160,805 .......... 403 2,513 2,171 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 170,247 164,078 131,842 4,607 176,231 3,063 28,556 5,482 3,112 5,202 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 7,624 529,797 164,078 131,842 .......... .......... 3,063 28,102 2,667 871 5,202 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 7,624 343,449 .......... .......... 4,607 176,231 .......... 454 2,815 2,241 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 186,348 181,291 149,989 5,129 181,720 3,117 30,650 5,884 3,203 6,273 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,180 575,436 181,291 149,989 .......... .......... 3,117 30,119 2,657 .......... 6,273 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,180 381,626 .......... .......... 5,129 181,720 .......... 531 3,227 3,203 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 193,810 181,815 190,560 5,451 180,625 3,253 31,888 6,087 3,183 7,067 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,670 618,599 181,815 190,560 .......... .......... 3,253 31,300 2,747 .......... 7,067 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,670 425,412 .......... .......... 5,451 180,625 .......... 588 3,340 3,183 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 193,187 200,191 226,702 6,000 190,624 3,273 34,485 5,886 3,180 7,604 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,923 686,868 200,191 226,702 .......... .......... 3,273 33,872 2,703 1 7,604 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8,923 483,269 .......... .......... 6,000 190,624 .......... 613 3,183 3,179 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 203,599 218,525 227,305 6,900 201,426 3,250 39,409 6,268 3,129 7,915 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 9,059 723,186 2,574 20,718 23,292 35,152 2,574 20,636 23,210 9,197 .......... 82 82 25,955 2,978 23,335 26,313 36,436 2,978 23,253 26,231 9,421 .......... 82 82 27,015 3,254 28,868 32,122 37,528 3,254 28,782 32,036 7,349 .......... 86 86 30,179 3,354 48,367 51,721 37,942 3,354 48,266 51,620 10,006 .......... 101 101 27,936 3,456 27,534 30,990 38,958 3,456 27,441 30,897 10,095 .......... 93 93 28,863 3,634 27,475 31,109 39,594 25,325 10,826 4,547 1,693 42,391 21,163 162 -1 25 21,349 4,162 10,664 4,548 1,668 21,042 28,621 11,206 4,858 1,195 45,880 24,417 171 -2 24 24,610 4,204 11,035 4,860 1,171 21,270 32,614 11,899 4,985 1,195 50,693 28,229 173 .......... 24 28,426 4,385 11,726 4,985 1,171 22,267 34,620 12,437 5,056 1,674 53,787 30,012 174 .......... 45 30,231 4,608 12,263 5,056 1,629 23,556 34,885 13,045 5,309 1,080 54,319 30,283 174 .......... 45 30,502 4,602 12,871 5,309 1,035 23,817 39,319 13,932 6,160 1,124 60,535 30,594 23,140 2,030 31,961 5,203 3,229 6,124 6,435 337 109,053 30,594 .......... .......... 31,961 14 3,229 .......... 6,435 337 72,570 .......... 23,140 2,030 .......... 5,189 .......... 6,124 .......... .......... 36,483 31,384 21,540 1,891 33,134 4,833 3,334 6,340 8,857 335 111,648 31,384 .......... .......... 33,134 7 3,334 .......... 8,857 335 77,051 .......... 21,540 1,891 .......... 4,826 .......... 6,340 .......... .......... 34,597 35,436 21,340 2,095 34,559 4,901 3,663 6,427 14,624 374 123,419 35,436 1 .......... 34,559 7 3,663 .......... 14,624 331 88,621 .......... 21,339 2,095 .......... 4,894 .......... 6,427 .......... 43 34,798 34,466 20,898 2,637 36,166 5,252 3,547 6,352 15,473 404 125,195 34,466 .......... .......... 36,166 7 3,547 -1 15,473 327 89,985 .......... 20,898 2,637 .......... 5,245 .......... 6,353 .......... 77 35,210 32,930 21,114 2,498 38,274 5,129 3,376 6,563 16,159 405 126,448 32,930 .......... .......... 38,274 7 3,376 .......... 16,159 349 91,095 .......... 21,114 2,498 .......... 5,122 .......... 6,563 .......... 56 35,353 38,166 21,815 2,663 40,600 4,983 3,790 6,750 34,019 15,975 168,761 1,462 1,331 1,309 321 709 2,859 7,991 1,366,413 1,462 1,331 .......... 321 709 2,507 6,330 1,110,941 .......... .......... 1,309 .......... .......... 352 1,661 255,472 1,433 1,392 1,342 274 6,309 1,663 12,413 1,420,535 1,433 1,392 22 274 6,309 1,238 10,668 1,149,475 .......... .......... 1,320 .......... .......... 425 1,745 271,060 1,412 1,369 1,401 615 12 4,964 9,773 1,512,621 1,412 1,369 22 615 12 4,545 7,975 1,229,681 .......... .......... 1,379 .......... .......... 419 1,798 282,940 1,377 1,350 1,379 863 1 1,400 6,370 1,612,580 1,377 1,350 21 863 1 975 4,587 1,330,798 .......... .......... 1,358 .......... .......... 425 1,783 281,782 1,355 1,345 1,359 954 .......... 1,476 6,489 1,702,222 1,355 1,345 20 954 .......... 1,087 4,761 1,408,753 .......... .......... 1,339 .......... .......... 389 1,728 293,469 1,330 1,364 1,398 1,068 .......... 4,680 9,840 1,842,427 232 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. 2008 Direct Grants Total 2009 Direct Grants Total 2010 Direct Grants Total 2011 Direct Grants Total 2012 Direct Grants Total 2013 Direct 506,625 104,724 6,169 617,518 .......... 23 .......... 23 561,370 115,533 6,661 683,564 561,370 115,488 6,661 683,519 .......... 45 .......... 45 576,578 123,500 6,537 706,615 576,578 123,472 6,537 706,587 .......... 28 .......... 28 595,619 128,559 6,506 730,684 595,619 128,532 6,506 730,657 .......... 27 .......... 27 631,362 135,736 6,810 773,908 631,362 135,707 6,810 773,879 .......... 29 .......... 29 667,165 140,106 7,259 814,530 667,165 140,084 7,259 814,508 45,934 63,526 36,266 2,711 148,437 43,424 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 50,120 67,568 40,490 3,856 162,034 119,766 50,120 67,568 40,490 3,856 162,034 119,766 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 50,700 69,450 43,498 3,154 166,802 158,263 50,700 69,450 43,498 3,154 166,802 158,263 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 54,955 70,426 52,780 3,281 181,442 118,609 54,955 70,426 52,780 3,281 181,442 118,609 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 48,896 73,953 50,058 3,104 176,011 92,282 48,896 73,953 50,058 3,104 176,011 92,282 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 54,390 77,243 59,393 3,207 194,233 68,260 54,390 77,243 59,393 3,207 194,233 68,260 218,525 227,305 .......... .......... 3,250 38,745 3,158 282 7,915 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 9,059 508,239 .......... .......... 6,900 201,426 .......... 664 3,110 2,847 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 214,947 234,659 253,690 7,547 250,924 3,644 44,637 6,465 3,372 8,358 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 9,774 823,070 234,659 253,690 .......... .......... 3,644 43,858 3,405 484 8,358 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 9,774 557,872 .......... .......... 7,547 250,924 .......... 779 3,060 2,888 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 265,198 245,585 264,882 7,887 272,771 4,359 48,506 7,078 3,325 8,429 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 14,005 876,827 245,585 264,882 .......... .......... 4,359 47,706 4,091 479 8,429 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 14,001 589,532 .......... .......... 7,887 272,771 .......... 800 2,987 2,846 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 287,295 255,718 292,748 8,633 274,964 4,176 52,681 7,544 3,413 8,600 11 .......... .......... .......... .......... 16,520 925,008 255,718 292,748 .......... .......... 4,176 51,735 4,704 449 8,600 11 .......... .......... .......... .......... 16,477 634,618 .......... .......... 8,633 274,964 .......... 946 2,840 2,964 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 43 290,390 254,459 283,165 9,065 250,534 4,524 52,972 7,755 3,016 8,668 218 .......... .......... .......... .......... 15,291 889,667 254,459 283,165 .......... .......... 4,524 51,919 5,107 275 8,668 218 .......... .......... .......... .......... 15,143 623,478 .......... .......... 9,065 250,534 .......... 1,053 2,648 2,741 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 148 266,189 262,436 305,511 9,483 265,392 4,274 55,067 7,303 3,226 8,215 656 .......... .......... .......... .......... 14,218 935,781 262,436 305,511 .......... .......... 4,274 54,035 4,831 335 8,215 656 .......... .......... .......... .......... 13,947 654,240 3,634 27,374 31,008 10,427 .......... 101 101 29,167 4,328 26,273 30,601 49,891 4,328 26,177 30,505 19,941 .......... 96 96 29,950 8,773 46,771 55,544 57,607 8,773 46,673 55,446 20,116 .......... 98 98 37,491 11,112 47,479 58,591 54,369 11,112 47,397 58,509 18,533 .......... 82 82 35,836 10,734 49,119 59,853 46,884 10,734 49,083 59,817 17,020 .......... 36 36 29,864 13,220 44,863 58,083 45,604 13,220 44,835 58,055 17,675 34,384 171 .......... 50 34,605 4,935 13,761 6,160 1,074 25,930 55,604 15,252 6,480 1,601 78,937 49,980 169 .......... 19 50,168 5,624 15,083 6,480 1,582 28,769 70,492 16,430 6,469 1,569 94,960 64,753 171 .......... 42 64,966 5,739 16,259 6,469 1,527 29,994 77,637 17,284 6,787 1,342 103,050 71,664 172 .......... 40 71,876 5,973 17,112 6,787 1,302 31,174 80,401 18,309 6,837 1,186 106,733 73,569 22 .......... 46 73,637 6,832 18,287 6,837 1,140 33,096 82,548 19,325 6,557 1,137 109,567 76,476 21 2 51 76,550 38,166 .......... .......... 40,600 6 3,790 .......... 34,019 14,214 130,795 .......... 21,815 2,663 .......... 4,977 .......... 6,750 .......... 1,761 37,966 41,525 22,213 4,533 42,418 5,305 4,161 6,859 24,284 4,856 156,154 41,525 .......... .......... 42,418 7 4,161 1 24,284 3,784 116,180 .......... 22,213 4,533 .......... 5,298 .......... 6,858 .......... 1,072 39,974 44,018 21,936 4,598 54,712 5,859 4,359 6,972 22,659 18,132 183,245 44,018 .......... .......... 54,712 7 4,359 .......... 22,659 15,227 140,982 .......... 21,936 4,598 .......... 5,852 .......... 6,972 .......... 2,905 42,263 49,719 21,298 4,419 55,652 6,084 4,664 6,860 22,691 17,175 188,562 49,719 .......... .......... 55,652 9 4,664 1 22,691 15,219 147,955 .......... 21,298 4,419 .......... 6,075 .......... 6,859 .......... 1,956 40,607 44,188 20,093 3,817 54,890 5,028 4,537 6,847 22,106 2,266 163,772 44,188 .......... .......... 54,890 9 4,537 1 22,106 1,588 127,319 .......... 20,093 3,817 .......... 5,019 .......... 6,846 .......... 678 36,453 50,308 21,173 3,532 57,513 5,049 5,173 6,770 21,608 1,379 172,505 50,308 .......... .......... 57,513 9 5,173 .......... 21,608 680 135,291 1,330 1,364 15 1,068 .......... 4,209 7,986 1,532,439 .......... .......... 1,383 .......... .......... 471 1,854 309,988 3,060 1,369 1,453 1,035 .......... 2,123 9,040 2,113,057 3,060 1,369 18 1,035 .......... 1,529 7,011 1,746,996 .......... .......... 1,435 .......... .......... 594 2,029 366,061 517 1,318 1,513 1,074 .......... 2,755 7,177 2,307,040 517 1,318 40 1,074 .......... 2,184 5,133 1,907,827 .......... .......... 1,473 .......... .......... 571 2,044 399,213 490 1,287 1,555 1,249 .......... 3,147 7,728 2,368,043 490 1,287 42 1,249 .......... 2,515 5,583 1,967,782 .......... .......... 1,513 .......... .......... 632 2,145 400,261 464 1,243 1,465 1,163 6 3,387 7,728 2,316,838 464 1,243 -19 1,163 6 2,754 5,611 1,949,054 .......... .......... 1,484 .......... .......... 633 2,117 367,784 437 1,230 1,440 1,245 8 3,399 7,759 2,406,322 437 1,230 22 1,245 8 3,111 6,053 2,024,865 233 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Grants Total 2014 Direct Grants Total 2015 Direct Grants Total 2016 Direct Grants Total 2017 Direct Grants Total 2018 Direct Grants .......... 22 .......... 22 702,494 141,864 8,803 853,161 702,494 141,848 8,803 853,145 .......... 16 .......... 16 737,955 143,425 8,854 890,234 737,955 143,410 8,854 890,219 .......... 15 .......... 15 766,376 143,499 9,256 919,131 766,376 143,489 9,256 919,121 .......... 10 .......... 10 795,483 143,176 9,930 948,589 795,483 143,166 9,930 948,579 .......... 10 .......... 10 837,611 143,873 9,738 991,222 837,611 143,855 9,738 991,204 .......... 18 .......... 18 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 55,417 79,543 64,360 3,417 202,737 43,504 55,417 79,543 64,360 3,417 202,737 43,504 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 56,788 81,800 69,725 3,665 211,978 32,671 56,788 81,800 69,725 3,665 211,978 32,671 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 61,648 82,859 79,907 3,878 228,292 32,851 61,648 82,859 79,907 3,878 228,292 32,851 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 57,793 83,676 79,839 3,650 224,958 30,915 57,793 83,676 79,839 3,650 224,958 30,915 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 54,533 85,854 79,986 3,643 224,016 28,490 54,533 85,854 79,986 3,643 224,016 28,490 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 9,483 265,392 .......... 1,032 2,472 2,891 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 271 281,541 262,569 322,430 9,317 301,472 4,510 58,906 7,604 3,193 9,255 997 .......... 13,068 .......... .......... 12,834 1,006,155 262,569 322,430 .......... .......... 4,510 57,723 5,114 480 9,255 997 .......... 13,068 .......... .......... 12,494 688,640 .......... .......... 9,317 301,472 .......... 1,183 2,490 2,713 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 340 317,515 273,472 348,612 9,242 349,762 4,551 63,652 7,670 3,141 9,963 971 .......... 27,213 .......... .......... 12,718 1,110,967 273,472 348,612 .......... .......... 4,551 61,875 5,176 470 9,963 971 .......... 27,213 .......... .......... 12,330 744,633 .......... .......... 9,242 349,762 .......... 1,777 2,494 2,671 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 388 366,334 286,009 391,496 14,358 368,280 4,052 65,810 8,760 3,443 9,765 1,156 .......... 30,827 .......... .......... 13,266 1,197,222 286,009 391,496 .......... .......... 4,052 64,021 3,870 516 9,765 1,156 .......... 28,003 .......... .......... 12,851 801,739 .......... .......... 14,358 368,280 .......... 1,789 4,890 2,927 .......... .......... .......... 2,824 .......... .......... 415 395,483 290,323 399,794 16,251 374,682 4,059 67,949 9,295 3,414 9,941 1,136 .......... 39,144 3,450 .......... 14,037 1,233,475 290,323 399,794 .......... .......... 4,059 65,998 4,457 511 9,941 1,136 .......... 34,814 3,450 .......... 13,598 828,081 .......... .......... 16,251 374,682 .......... 1,951 4,838 2,903 .......... .......... .......... 4,330 .......... .......... 439 405,394 292,139 400,054 17,282 389,157 4,249 72,899 9,497 3,833 10,066 1,012 .......... 45,964 3,689 .......... 14,253 1,264,094 292,139 400,054 .......... .......... 4,249 70,884 6,676 575 10,066 1,012 .......... 41,171 3,689 .......... 13,866 844,381 .......... .......... 17,282 389,157 .......... 2,015 2,821 3,258 .......... .......... .......... 4,793 .......... .......... 387 419,713 .......... 28 28 27,929 13,729 56,337 70,066 46,600 13,729 56,307 70,036 18,141 .......... 30 30 28,459 13,605 61,103 74,708 46,745 13,605 61,071 74,676 18,215 .......... 32 32 28,530 14,579 45,584 60,163 48,003 14,579 45,544 60,123 18,442 .......... 40 40 29,561 13,520 88,467 101,987 48,920 13,520 88,427 101,947 18,706 .......... 40 40 30,214 12,703 48,240 60,943 48,425 12,703 48,199 60,902 17,370 .......... 41 41 31,055 6,072 19,304 6,555 1,086 33,017 76,237 19,490 6,266 823 102,816 70,446 22 1 51 70,520 5,791 19,468 6,265 772 32,296 76,141 21,023 6,349 1,126 104,639 71,041 24 .......... 39 71,104 5,100 20,999 6,349 1,087 33,535 73,081 21,978 5,964 1,126 102,149 66,675 26 1 51 66,753 6,406 21,952 5,963 1,075 35,396 70,147 22,471 5,699 1,233 99,550 63,193 26 1 55 63,275 6,954 22,445 5,698 1,178 36,275 68,493 22,828 5,433 1,122 97,876 61,008 25 1 55 61,089 7,485 22,803 5,432 1,067 36,787 .......... 21,173 3,532 .......... 5,040 .......... 6,770 .......... 699 37,214 51,499 20,378 3,537 60,087 5,064 5,251 6,868 21,490 1,071 175,245 51,499 .......... .......... 60,087 9 5,251 1 21,490 450 138,787 .......... 20,378 3,537 .......... 5,055 .......... 6,867 .......... 621 36,458 52,276 19,982 3,437 60,084 5,134 5,299 7,314 20,592 1,154 175,272 52,276 2 .......... 60,084 12 5,299 .......... 20,592 424 138,689 .......... 19,980 3,437 .......... 5,122 .......... 7,314 .......... 730 36,583 56,665 19,703 3,262 60,580 5,306 5,824 7,700 20,188 952 180,180 56,665 4 .......... 60,580 15 5,824 .......... 20,188 380 143,656 .......... 19,699 3,262 .......... 5,291 .......... 7,700 .......... 572 36,524 51,949 20,049 3,183 59,749 5,706 5,505 7,712 19,408 916 174,177 51,949 2 .......... 59,749 20 5,505 .......... 19,408 349 136,982 .......... 20,047 3,183 .......... 5,686 .......... 7,712 .......... 567 37,195 47,889 20,552 3,425 58,640 5,897 4,796 8,581 18,597 1,358 169,735 47,889 1 .......... 58,640 13 4,796 .......... 18,597 692 130,628 .......... 20,551 3,425 .......... 5,884 .......... 8,581 .......... 666 39,107 .......... .......... 1,418 .......... .......... 288 1,706 381,457 426 1,166 1,462 1,052 49 4,403 8,558 2,508,842 426 1,166 35 1,052 49 3,729 6,457 2,091,967 .......... .......... 1,427 .......... .......... 674 2,101 416,875 437 1,225 1,680 1,010 121 3,227 7,700 2,654,914 437 1,225 29 1,010 121 2,415 5,237 2,187,422 .......... .......... 1,651 .......... .......... 812 2,463 467,492 416 926 1,972 1,100 1,697 3,721 9,832 2,777,823 416 926 28 1,100 1,697 2,782 6,949 2,277,926 .......... .......... 1,944 .......... .......... 939 2,883 499,897 474 586 1,896 1,244 13 6,195 10,408 2,872,979 474 586 27 1,244 13 5,533 7,877 2,361,320 .......... .......... 1,869 .......... .......... 662 2,531 511,659 481 565 1,942 1,359 1 5,321 9,669 2,894,470 481 565 130 1,359 1 4,441 6,977 2,365,057 .......... .......... 1,812 .......... .......... 880 2,692 529,413 234 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. Total 2019 estimate Direct Grants Total 2020 estimate Direct Grants Total 2021 estimate Direct Grants Total 2022 estimate Direct Grants Total 2023 estimate Direct Grants 2 Total 893,905 146,697 10,929 1,051,531 893,905 146,683 10,929 1,051,517 .......... 14 .......... 14 952,560 148,550 9,879 1,110,989 952,560 148,526 9,879 1,110,965 .......... 24 .......... 24 1,013,850 151,085 10,370 1,175,305 1,013,850 151,065 10,370 1,175,285 .......... 20 .......... 20 1,078,789 154,636 10,388 1,243,813 1,078,789 154,623 10,388 1,243,800 .......... 13 .......... 13 1,146,860 159,493 10,129 1,316,482 1,146,860 159,492 10,129 1,316,481 .......... 1 .......... 1 1,218,371 165,383 10,257 1,394,011 60,415 87,934 94,712 4,091 247,152 27,176 60,415 87,934 94,712 4,091 247,152 27,176 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 62,193 89,524 103,234 4,124 259,075 28,517 62,193 89,524 103,234 4,124 259,075 28,517 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 63,969 91,651 109,868 3,710 269,198 30,209 63,969 91,651 109,868 3,710 269,198 30,209 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 70,987 93,680 126,225 3,799 294,691 32,382 70,987 93,680 126,225 3,799 294,691 32,382 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 67,715 95,561 125,568 3,920 292,764 34,585 67,715 95,561 125,568 3,920 292,764 34,585 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 64,812 97,465 124,047 4,035 290,359 36,420 320,398 442,195 18,634 418,681 5,476 77,802 9,830 4,912 10,961 1,089 1,274 48,857 3,603 .......... 14,786 1,378,498 320,398 442,195 .......... .......... 5,476 75,557 6,978 745 10,961 1,089 1,193 42,848 3,603 .......... 14,374 925,417 .......... .......... 18,634 418,681 .......... 2,245 2,852 4,167 .......... .......... 81 6,009 .......... .......... 412 453,081 325,479 482,861 16,882 418,151 5,115 85,292 10,360 5,684 11,308 1,226 8,454 41,854 3,661 2,190 15,652 1,434,169 325,479 482,861 .......... .......... 5,115 82,805 7,645 762 11,308 1,226 6,998 36,652 3,661 2,190 15,250 981,952 .......... .......... 16,882 418,151 .......... 2,487 2,715 4,922 .......... .......... 1,456 5,202 .......... .......... 402 452,217 333,800 525,517 15,191 368,390 5,261 96,051 9,942 5,712 11,935 1,230 8,107 41,884 3,909 83,504 17,601 1,528,034 333,800 525,517 .......... .......... 5,261 92,897 7,396 761 11,935 1,230 6,710 36,700 3,909 83,504 17,195 1,126,815 .......... .......... 15,191 368,390 .......... 3,154 2,546 4,951 .......... .......... 1,397 5,184 .......... .......... 406 401,219 368,858 591,159 15,932 357,307 5,115 97,668 8,050 5,625 12,379 1,185 8,507 43,264 4,091 73,695 18,954 1,611,789 368,858 591,159 .......... .......... 5,115 94,518 5,532 749 12,379 1,185 7,041 37,921 4,091 73,695 18,539 1,220,782 .......... .......... 15,932 357,307 .......... 3,150 2,518 4,876 .......... .......... 1,466 5,343 .......... .......... 415 391,007 383,886 613,032 16,709 373,545 5,099 97,951 5,790 5,538 13,062 1,105 8,934 44,275 4,325 74,449 19,779 1,667,479 383,886 613,032 .......... .......... 5,099 94,781 3,255 737 13,062 1,105 7,395 38,807 4,325 74,449 19,395 1,259,328 .......... .......... 16,709 373,545 .......... 3,170 2,535 4,801 .......... .......... 1,539 5,468 .......... .......... 384 408,151 397,076 633,587 17,553 380,725 5,099 97,744 5,700 5,536 13,691 1,089 9,381 45,324 4,618 75,949 20,785 1,713,857 14,154 73,629 87,783 50,161 14,154 73,467 87,621 17,498 .......... 162 162 32,663 14,478 44,654 59,132 48,928 14,478 44,603 59,081 17,047 .......... 51 51 31,881 14,904 41,663 56,567 47,994 14,904 41,663 56,567 17,066 .......... .......... .......... 30,928 16,184 41,030 57,214 47,021 16,184 41,030 57,214 16,786 .......... .......... .......... 30,235 16,026 38,255 54,281 45,060 16,026 38,255 54,281 16,348 .......... .......... .......... 28,712 15,749 36,172 51,921 43,922 71,200 23,880 5,385 1,184 101,649 63,853 26 1 23 63,903 7,347 23,854 5,384 1,161 37,746 48,603 24,862 4,864 326 78,655 41,625 25 1 58 41,709 6,978 24,837 4,863 268 36,946 47,865 25,247 5,751 404 79,267 40,740 -33 1 70 40,778 7,125 25,280 5,750 334 38,489 48,232 26,387 5,751 419 80,789 40,919 -36 1 73 40,957 7,313 26,423 5,750 346 39,832 49,574 27,180 5,751 426 82,931 42,058 -37 1 74 42,096 7,516 27,217 5,750 352 40,835 49,911 28,003 5,751 417 84,082 53,060 20,771 3,692 60,666 7,623 5,189 7,876 35,506 1,208 195,591 53,060 3 .......... 60,666 12 5,189 2 35,506 611 155,049 .......... 20,768 3,692 .......... 7,611 .......... 7,874 .......... 597 40,542 53,440 19,498 1,396 62,551 8,575 5,353 8,435 35,595 113 194,956 53,440 2 .......... 62,551 12 5,353 2 35,595 50 157,005 .......... 19,496 1,396 .......... 8,563 .......... 8,433 .......... 63 37,951 54,217 19,665 154 62,953 9,051 5,529 8,873 32,847 2 193,291 54,217 2 .......... 62,953 13 5,529 2 32,847 2 155,565 .......... 19,663 154 .......... 9,038 .......... 8,871 .......... .......... 37,726 60,542 19,899 48 64,281 8,939 6,198 9,123 32,717 .......... 201,747 60,542 2 .......... 64,281 13 6,198 2 32,717 .......... 163,755 .......... 19,897 48 .......... 8,926 .......... 9,121 .......... .......... 37,992 57,761 20,066 .......... 65,635 8,839 6,034 9,752 33,701 .......... 201,788 57,761 2 .......... 65,635 13 6,034 3 33,701 .......... 163,149 .......... 20,064 .......... .......... 8,826 .......... 9,749 .......... .......... 38,639 54,525 20,254 .......... 67,039 8,560 5,859 10,007 33,692 .......... 199,936 360 1,047 2,223 1,398 .......... 7,721 12,749 3,152,290 360 1,047 148 1,398 .......... 5,537 8,490 2,583,823 .......... .......... 2,075 .......... .......... 2,184 4,259 568,467 401 1,005 2,238 1,401 .......... 5,935 10,980 3,225,401 401 1,005 136 1,401 .......... 4,822 7,765 2,663,116 .......... .......... 2,102 .......... .......... 1,113 3,215 562,285 459 937 2,000 1,396 .......... 3,631 8,423 3,388,288 459 937 111 1,396 .......... 3,197 6,100 2,877,583 .......... .......... 1,889 .......... .......... 434 2,323 510,705 482 768 2,019 1,375 .......... 2,721 7,365 3,576,811 482 768 127 1,375 .......... 2,293 5,045 3,075,412 .......... .......... 1,892 .......... .......... 428 2,320 501,399 502 746 2,014 1,349 .......... 2,153 6,764 3,702,134 502 746 107 1,349 .......... 1,730 4,434 3,183,466 .......... .......... 1,907 .......... .......... 423 2,330 518,668 520 654 1,999 1,331 .......... 2,124 6,628 3,821,136 235 Table 11.3 - OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Program Social security and railroad retirement: Social security: old age and survivors insurance Social security: disability insurance Railroad retirement (excl. social security) Total, Social security and railroad retirement Federal employees retirement and insurance: Military retirement Civil service retirement Veterans service-connected compensation Other Total, Federal employees retirement and insurance Unemployment Assistance Medical care: Medicare: hospital insurance Medicare: supplementary medical insurance Children's health insurance Medicaid Indian health Hospital and medical care for veterans Health resources and services Substance abuse and mental health services Uniformed Services retiree health care fund Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Reduced cost sharing for individuals enrolling in QHPs Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund Empowering States and consumers to reform healthcare Other Total, Medical care Assistance to students: Veterans education benefits Student assistance--Department of Education and other Total, Assistance to students Housing assistance Food and nutrition assistance: SNAP (formerly Food stamps)(including Puerto Rico) Child nutrition and special milk programs Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) Commodity donations and other Total, Food and nutrition assistance Public assistance and related programs: Supplemental security income program Family support payments to States and TANF Low income home energy assistance Earned income tax credit Payments to States for daycare assistance Veterans non-service connected pensions Payments to States--Foster Care/Adoption Assist. Payment where child credit exceeds tax liability Other public assistance Total, Public assistance and related programs All other payments for individuals: Coal miners and black lung benefits Veterans insurance and burial benefits Aging services programs Energy employees compensation fund September 11th victim compensation Refugee assistance and other Total, All other payments for individuals Total, payments for individuals * $500 thousand or less. 2024 estimate Direct Grants 1,218,371 165,383 10,257 1,394,011 .......... .......... .......... .......... 64,812 97,465 124,047 4,035 290,359 36,420 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 397,076 633,587 5,099 94,594 3,167 737 13,691 1,089 7,765 39,727 4,618 75,949 20,505 1,297,604 .......... .......... 17,553 380,725 .......... 3,150 2,533 4,799 .......... .......... 1,616 5,597 .......... .......... 280 416,253 15,749 36,172 51,921 15,766 .......... .......... .......... 28,156 42,296 -39 1 76 42,334 7,615 28,042 5,750 341 41,748 54,525 2 .......... 67,039 13 5,859 3 33,692 .......... 161,133 .......... 20,252 .......... .......... 8,547 .......... 10,004 .......... .......... 38,803 520 654 100 1,331 .......... 1,701 4,306 3,293,854 .......... .......... 1,899 .......... .......... 423 2,322 527,282 236 Fiscal Year 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Table 12.1 - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: 1940 - 2024 In Millions of Dollars In Billions of Constant (FY 2012) As Percentages of Federal Outlays As Percentages of GDP Dollars Payments Payments Payments Capital Capital Capital Payments Remaind Remaind for Remaind for Capital for Investme Investme Total Investme Total Total for Remainder Total er er Inder IndInvestment Indnt nt nt Individuals ividuals ividuals ividuals 872 298 442 132 16.4 4.0 7.8 4.6 9.2 3.1 4.7 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.1 847 356 290 201 16.4 4.6 4.9 6.8 6.2 2.6 2.1 1.5 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 892 410 222 260 16.6 4.9 3.3 8.4 2.5 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 914 430 218 266 15.7 4.6 2.9 8.1 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 911 509 183 218 13.8 5.1 2.4 6.3 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 859 493 154 212 12.6 4.7 2.0 5.8 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 819 518 142 158 10.5 4.7 1.8 4.0 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 1,603 1,131 599 -126 13.3 9.5 6.8 -3.0 4.6 3.3 1.7 -0.4 0.7 0.5 0.3 -0.1 1,612 881 440 291 17.2 6.8 4.3 6.2 5.4 3.0 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 1,876 1,052 462 362 19.1 7.9 4.2 7.0 4.8 2.7 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 2,253 1,316 484 453 23.4 10.0 4.7 8.7 5.3 3.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 2,287 1,432 566 289 20.6 10.3 5.1 5.2 5.0 3.1 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 2,433 1,450 575 408 21.8 10.1 4.8 7.0 3.6 2.1 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 2,835 1,600 756 479 25.0 10.9 6.2 7.9 3.7 2.1 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 3,056 1,702 744 610 27.5 11.5 6.3 9.8 4.3 2.4 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 3,207 1,698 820 689 29.0 11.4 7.0 10.6 4.7 2.5 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 3,561 1,731 915 915 32.5 11.5 7.3 13.7 5.0 2.5 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 3,974 1,876 1,148 950 34.2 12.2 8.6 13.5 5.2 2.4 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 4,905 2,232 1,788 885 39.4 14.0 13.4 11.9 6.0 2.7 2.2 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.2 6,463 2,512 2,956 995 50.7 15.6 22.0 13.0 7.0 2.7 3.2 1.1 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.2 7,019 2,625 3,321 1,073 54.8 16.0 25.1 13.7 7.6 2.8 3.6 1.2 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.2 7,126 2,775 3,053 1,298 55.8 16.7 23.1 16.0 7.3 2.8 3.1 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.2 7,926 3,114 3,239 1,573 61.7 18.5 24.3 18.8 7.4 2.9 3.0 1.5 1.4 0.5 0.6 0.3 8,602 3,464 3,600 1,537 64.8 20.4 26.6 17.9 7.7 3.1 3.2 1.4 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.2 10,164 3,748 4,482 1,934 76.3 21.7 32.6 22.0 8.6 3.2 3.8 1.6 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.3 10,910 3,914 4,985 2,010 80.4 22.4 35.7 22.2 9.2 3.3 4.2 1.7 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.3 12,887 4,503 4,912 3,472 96.7 25.3 34.1 37.4 9.6 3.3 3.7 2.6 1.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 15,233 5,027 5,231 4,974 113.3 27.5 34.9 50.9 9.7 3.2 3.3 3.2 1.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 18,551 6,343 5,896 6,312 132.8 33.6 37.9 61.3 10.4 3.6 3.3 3.5 2.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 20,164 7,520 6,165 6,479 135.2 38.3 37.7 59.2 11.0 4.1 3.4 3.5 2.1 0.8 0.6 0.7 24,065 9,064 7,056 7,945 151.7 44.0 40.1 67.6 12.3 4.6 3.6 4.1 2.3 0.9 0.7 0.8 28,099 10,835 7,872 9,392 166.2 50.4 41.2 74.6 13.4 5.2 3.7 4.5 2.5 1.0 0.7 0.8 34,375 14,256 8,417 11,702 192.8 63.9 41.6 87.3 14.9 6.2 3.6 5.1 2.8 1.2 0.7 1.0 41,847 14,153 8,865 18,829 234.8 61.1 41.3 132.4 17.0 5.8 3.6 7.7 3.1 1.0 0.7 1.4 43,357 15,120 9,845 18,393 222.3 60.4 41.3 120.6 16.1 5.6 3.7 6.8 2.9 1.0 0.7 1.2 49,791 17,139 10,880 21,772 230.9 62.1 38.3 130.5 15.0 5.2 3.3 6.6 3.1 1.1 0.7 1.4 59,094 20,548 13,517 25,028 254.7 69.9 45.8 139.0 15.9 5.5 3.6 6.7 3.3 1.2 0.8 1.4 15,920 5,208 3,936 6,776 66.7 17.2 13.1 36.4 16.6 5.4 4.1 7.1 3.4 1.1 0.8 1.4 68,415 23,330 16,164 28,921 275.3 73.8 52.6 148.9 16.7 5.7 3.9 7.1 3.4 1.2 0.8 1.4 77,889 25,271 18,328 34,291 296.1 74.9 56.5 164.6 17.0 5.5 4.0 7.5 3.4 1.1 0.8 1.5 83,351 28,041 20,639 34,671 289.7 76.7 58.7 154.2 16.5 5.6 4.1 6.9 3.2 1.1 0.8 1.4 91,385 33,052 22,570 35,764 283.7 81.8 57.6 144.4 15.5 5.6 3.8 6.1 3.3 1.2 0.8 1.3 94,704 38,986 22,222 33,495 260.4 87.9 50.7 121.8 14.0 5.7 3.3 4.9 3.0 1.2 0.7 1.1 88,134 39,623 20,508 28,003 222.0 84.1 43.5 94.3 11.8 5.3 2.8 3.8 2.7 1.2 0.6 0.8 92,448 43,455 20,513 28,480 220.6 88.3 42.5 89.9 11.4 5.4 2.5 3.5 2.6 1.2 0.6 0.8 97,553 46,520 22,693 28,339 222.0 91.0 46.8 84.3 11.5 5.5 2.7 3.3 2.5 1.2 0.6 0.7 105,852 50,692 24,901 30,259 231.7 95.8 50.6 85.3 11.2 5.4 2.6 3.2 2.5 1.2 0.6 0.7 112,331 55,033 26,268 31,029 237.6 101.4 52.1 84.1 11.3 5.6 2.7 3.1 2.5 1.2 0.6 0.7 108,400 58,533 23,849 26,018 217.9 105.1 45.7 67.1 10.8 5.8 2.4 2.6 2.3 1.2 0.5 0.5 115,342 63,177 24,888 27,277 223.0 109.3 46.4 67.3 10.8 5.9 2.3 2.6 2.2 1.2 0.5 0.5 121,928 68,025 25,296 28,607 225.5 112.8 45.9 66.8 10.7 5.9 2.2 2.5 2.2 1.2 0.5 0.5 135,325 77,431 27,185 30,708 238.9 123.4 48.0 67.5 10.8 6.2 2.2 2.5 2.3 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 154,519 93,033 28,237 33,249 260.4 142.7 48.8 68.9 11.7 7.0 2.1 2.5 2.5 1.5 178,065 112,691 29,297 36,078 290.0 168.5 50.4 71.2 12.9 8.2 2.1 2.6 2.8 1.8 0.5 0.6 193,612 124,533 31,170 37,909 306.2 181.6 52.8 71.8 13.7 8.8 2.2 2.7 2.9 1.8 0.5 0.6 210,596 135,067 35,274 40,256 325.9 193.2 58.7 74.1 14.4 9.2 2.4 2.8 2.9 1.9 0.5 0.6 224,991 145,652 39,579 39,760 338.7 203.9 63.9 70.9 14.8 9.6 2.6 2.6 3.0 1.9 0.5 0.5 227,811 147,927 40,355 39,529 334.9 203.0 63.9 68.0 14.6 9.5 2.6 2.5 2.9 1.9 0.5 0.5 234,160 151,425 41,485 41,250 337.7 203.7 64.7 69.4 14.6 9.5 2.6 2.6 2.8 1.8 0.5 0.5 246,128 163,579 41,105 41,444 349.7 217.7 63.3 68.8 14.9 9.9 2.5 2.5 2.8 1.8 0.5 0.5 267,886 175,983 43,938 47,965 374.8 231.3 66.6 76.9 15.7 10.3 2.6 2.8 2.8 1.9 0.5 0.5 285,874 186,534 48,655 50,685 389.1 239.6 71.9 77.6 16.0 10.4 2.7 2.8 2.8 1.8 0.5 0.5 318,542 208,008 53,403 57,131 422.5 261.3 77.2 84.0 17.1 11.2 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 352,895 231,854 58,661 62,380 460.9 287.9 83.6 89.5 17.5 11.5 2.9 3.1 3.3 2.1 0.5 0.6 388,542 251,235 59,843 77,464 496.7 305.9 84.2 106.7 18.0 11.6 2.8 3.6 3.4 2.2 0.5 0.7 407,512 267,046 59,411 81,055 506.2 317.9 81.5 106.7 17.8 11.6 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.2 0.5 0.7 428,018 278,764 60,848 88,406 511.6 322.6 77.8 111.1 17.3 11.3 2.5 3.6 3.3 2.2 0.5 0.7 237 Table 12.1 - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: 1940 - 2024 In Millions of Dollars In Billions of Constant (FY 2012) As Percentages of Federal Outlays As Percentages of GDP Dollars Fiscal Payments Payments Payments Capital Capital Capital Payments Year Remaind Remaind for Remaind for Capital for Investme Investme Total Investme Total Total for Remainder Total er er Inder IndInvestment Indnt nt nt Individuals ividuals ividuals ividuals 2006 434,099 277,559 64,114 92,426 500.1 311.7 77.5 111.0 16.3 10.5 2.4 3.5 3.2 2.0 0.5 0.7 2007 443,797 289,460 70,762 83,575 494.2 317.9 79.9 96.4 16.3 10.6 2.6 3.1 3.1 2.0 0.5 0.6 2008 461,317 306,123 72,718 82,476 493.7 324.8 78.8 90.1 15.5 10.3 2.4 2.8 3.1 2.1 0.5 0.6 2009 537,991 362,031 75,212 100,748 573.0 384.3 79.0 109.7 15.3 10.3 2.1 2.9 3.7 2.5 0.5 0.7 2010 608,390 391,427 93,274 123,689 637.6 408.5 98.5 130.5 17.6 11.3 2.7 3.6 4.1 2.6 0.6 0.8 2011 606,770 392,713 96,550 117,507 620.9 401.2 99.8 119.9 16.8 10.9 2.7 3.3 3.9 2.5 0.6 0.8 2012 544,573 364,095 85,216 95,262 544.6 364.1 85.2 95.3 15.4 10.3 2.4 2.7 3.4 2.3 0.5 0.6 2013 546,178 379,008 78,438 88,732 536.4 373.5 77.0 85.8 15.8 11.0 2.3 2.6 3.3 2.3 0.5 0.5 2014 576,978 412,466 78,949 85,563 556.8 400.3 75.9 80.7 16.5 11.8 2.3 2.4 3.3 2.4 0.5 0.5 2015 624,357 463,392 77,248 83,717 599.3 447.6 73.4 78.3 16.9 12.6 2.1 2.3 3.5 2.6 0.4 0.5 2016 660,833 495,711 79,713 85,409 630.3 475.3 75.3 79.7 17.2 12.9 2.1 2.2 3.6 2.7 0.4 0.5 2017 674,712 507,976 79,463 87,273 632.2 478.9 73.8 79.6 16.9 12.8 2.0 2.2 3.5 2.6 0.4 0.5 2018 696,507 525,813 79,873 90,821 635.1 483.4 71.6 80.0 17.0 12.8 1.9 2.2 3.4 2.6 0.4 0.4 2019 est. 749,554 564,299 84,221 101,034 667.3 507.6 73.3 86.4 16.5 12.5 1.9 2.2 3.5 2.7 0.4 0.5 2020 est. 750,722 557,940 93,627 99,155 652.1 490.9 79.0 82.2 15.8 11.8 2.0 2.1 3.3 2.5 0.4 0.4 2021 est. 706,466 507,049 112,170 87,247 598.2 436.3 91.8 70.2 14.3 10.3 2.3 1.8 3.0 2.2 0.5 0.4 2022 est. 696,398 499,148 112,424 84,826 575.3 419.9 89.2 66.1 13.5 9.6 2.2 1.6 2.8 2.0 0.5 0.3 2023 est. 715,874 517,151 115,145 83,578 577.3 425.5 88.6 63.2 13.4 9.7 2.2 1.6 2.8 2.0 0.4 0.3 2024 est. 710,899 526,334 100,827 83,738 560.1 423.4 75.2 61.4 13.0 9.7 1.8 1.5 2.6 1.9 0.4 0.3 Note: Total outlays include off-budget outlays; however, all grant outlays are from on-budget accounts. Grants that are both payments for individuals and capital investment are shown under capital investment. In this table, capital investment is used as shorthand for Major Public Physical Capital Investment as shown on Table 9.2. 238 Table 12.2 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION AND FUND GROUP: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Fund Group National defense International affairs Energy Natural resources and environment Federal funds Trust funds Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation Federal funds Trust funds Community and regional development Federal funds Trust funds Education, training, employment, and social services Federal funds Trust funds Health Income security Federal funds Trust funds Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Federal funds Trust funds Allowances Total outlays for grants to State and local governments Memorandum: Federal funds Trust funds * $500 thousand or less. Note: Federal funds unless otherwise stated 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 .......... .......... .......... 2 2 .......... 25 .......... 165 165 .......... 277 277 .......... 28 28 .......... 22 341 341 .......... .......... 1 .......... 10 10 .......... .......... 872 .......... .......... .......... 5 5 .......... 25 .......... 172 172 .......... 117 117 .......... 89 89 .......... 26 401 401 .......... .......... 1 .......... 11 11 .......... .......... 847 .......... .......... .......... 4 4 .......... 26 .......... 152 152 .......... 68 68 .......... 141 141 .......... 30 458 458 .......... .......... 1 .......... 11 11 .......... .......... 892 .......... .......... .......... 3 3 .......... 26 .......... 88 88 .......... 130 130 .......... 163 163 .......... 32 460 460 .......... .......... 1 .......... 11 11 .......... .......... 914 .......... .......... .......... 3 3 .......... 26 .......... 48 48 .......... 134 134 .......... 134 134 .......... 78 476 476 .......... .......... 1 .......... 11 11 .......... .......... 911 .......... .......... .......... 8 8 .......... 26 .......... 34 34 .......... 119 119 .......... 123 123 .......... 91 444 444 .......... .......... 1 .......... 12 12 .......... .......... 859 .......... .......... .......... 7 7 .......... 30 .......... 45 45 .......... 68 68 .......... 69 69 .......... 68 484 484 .......... .......... 30 .......... 16 16 .......... .......... 819 .......... .......... .......... 10 10 .......... 34 .......... 183 183 .......... 31 31 .......... 56 56 .......... 58 828 828 .......... .......... 385 .......... 18 18 .......... .......... 1,603 .......... .......... .......... 12 12 .......... 64 .......... 334 334 .......... 8 8 .......... 117 117 .......... 40 884 884 .......... .......... 128 .......... 26 26 .......... .......... 1,612 872 .......... 847 .......... 892 .......... 914 .......... 911 .......... 859 .......... 819 .......... 1,603 .......... 1,612 .......... 239 Table 12.2 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION AND FUND GROUP: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Fund Group National defense International affairs Energy Natural resources and environment Federal funds Trust funds Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation Federal funds Trust funds Community and regional development Federal funds Trust funds Education, training, employment, and social services Federal funds Trust funds Health Income security Federal funds Trust funds Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Federal funds Trust funds Allowances Total outlays for grants to State and local governments Memorandum: Federal funds Trust funds * $500 thousand or less. Note: Federal funds unless otherwise stated 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 .......... .......... 2 14 14 .......... 87 .......... 434 434 .......... 8 8 .......... 99 99 .......... 70 1,096 1,096 .......... .......... 36 .......... 31 31 .......... .......... 1,876 .......... .......... 2 18 18 .......... 106 .......... 465 465 .......... 1 1 .......... 150 150 .......... 122 1,335 1,335 .......... .......... 18 .......... 36 36 .......... .......... 2,253 .......... .......... 2 19 19 .......... 98 .......... 426 426 .......... * (*) .......... 132 132 .......... 174 1,386 1,386 .......... .......... 10 .......... 40 40 .......... .......... 2,287 * .......... 3 21 21 .......... 84 .......... 448 448 .......... 20 20 .......... 217 217 .......... 192 1,387 1,387 .......... .......... 7 .......... 54 54 .......... .......... 2,433 13 .......... 3 23 23 .......... 97 .......... 528 528 .......... 25 25 .......... 343 343 .......... 173 1,555 1,555 .......... .......... 7 .......... 68 68 .......... .......... 2,835 14 .......... 4 31 31 .......... 207 .......... 540 540 .......... 19 19 .......... 309 309 .......... 144 1,698 1,698 .......... .......... 6 .......... 84 84 .......... .......... 3,056 10 .......... 4 36 36 .......... 237 .......... 594 594 .......... 48 48 .......... 324 324 .......... 125 1,715 1,715 .......... .......... 8 .......... 105 105 .......... .......... 3,207 10 .......... 4 41 41 .......... 374 .......... 746 746 .......... 36 36 .......... 332 332 .......... 138 1,763 1,763 .......... .......... 8 .......... 109 109 .......... .......... 3,561 9 .......... 5 42 42 .......... 369 .......... 976 23 953 44 44 .......... 331 331 .......... 169 1,898 1,898 .......... .......... 8 .......... 123 123 .......... .......... 3,974 1,876 .......... 2,253 .......... 2,287 .......... 2,433 .......... 2,835 .......... 3,056 .......... 3,207 .......... 3,561 .......... 3,021 953 240 Table 12.2 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION AND FUND GROUP: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Fund Group National defense International affairs Energy Natural resources and environment Federal funds Trust funds Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation Federal funds Trust funds Community and regional development Federal funds Trust funds Education, training, employment, and social services Federal funds Trust funds Health Income security Federal funds Trust funds Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Federal funds Trust funds Allowances Total outlays for grants to State and local governments Memorandum: Federal funds Trust funds * $500 thousand or less. Note: Federal funds unless otherwise stated 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 14 .......... 5 67 67 .......... 262 .......... 1,562 69 1,493 53 53 .......... 370 370 .......... 182 2,253 2,253 .......... .......... 8 .......... 128 128 .......... .......... 4,905 11 .......... 6 94 94 .......... 300 .......... 2,671 82 2,589 85 85 .......... 436 436 .......... 222 2,497 2,497 .......... .......... 8 .......... 133 133 .......... .......... 6,463 5 .......... 6 108 108 .......... 243 2 2,999 86 2,913 109 109 .......... 525 525 .......... 214 2,635 2,635 .......... .......... 8 .......... 165 165 .......... .......... 7,019 11 1 6 109 109 .......... 365 1 2,688 97 2,591 153 153 .......... 567 447 120 262 2,780 2,525 255 .......... 9 .......... 172 172 .......... .......... 7,126 17 7 7 116 116 .......... 485 * 2,841 89 2,752 185 185 .......... 658 488 170 365 3,054 2,756 298 .......... 8 .......... 184 184 .......... .......... 7,926 40 7 7 163 163 .......... 464 * 3,077 93 2,984 246 246 .......... 693 562 131 450 3,230 3,024 205 .......... 8 .......... 216 216 .......... .......... 8,602 35 4 8 168 168 .......... 599 * 3,716 109 3,607 517 517 .......... 844 684 160 539 3,475 3,222 253 .......... 8 .......... 251 251 .......... .......... 10,164 33 4 9 183 183 .......... 517 * 4,100 120 3,980 643 643 .......... 1,050 873 177 624 3,512 3,290 223 .......... 8 .......... 226 226 .......... .......... 10,910 25 6 10 227 227 .......... 368 2 4,072 113 3,959 575 575 .......... 2,583 2,346 237 1,165 3,580 3,340 239 .......... 9 1 264 264 .......... .......... 12,887 3,412 1,493 3,875 2,589 4,106 2,913 4,161 2,966 4,707 3,220 5,282 3,320 6,144 4,020 6,531 4,379 8,452 4,435 241 Table 12.2 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION AND FUND GROUP: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Fund Group National defense International affairs Energy Natural resources and environment Federal funds Trust funds Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation Federal funds Trust funds Community and regional development Federal funds Trust funds Education, training, employment, and social services Federal funds Trust funds Health Income security Federal funds Trust funds Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Federal funds Trust funds Allowances Total outlays for grants to State and local governments Memorandum: Federal funds Trust funds * $500 thousand or less. Note: Federal funds unless otherwise stated 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 27 7 12 254 254 .......... 427 4 4,135 170 3,966 582 582 .......... 4,165 3,882 283 1,672 3,636 3,379 257 .......... 10 3 299 299 .......... .......... 15,233 27 6 18 320 320 .......... 542 9 4,340 222 4,117 862 862 .......... 5,170 4,867 303 2,706 4,188 3,940 248 .......... 13 12 338 338 .......... .......... 18,551 34 6 20 351 351 .......... 752 10 4,408 323 4,085 1,049 1,049 .......... 5,085 4,768 317 3,203 4,806 4,535 271 .......... 14 28 396 396 .......... .......... 20,164 37 5 25 411 411 .......... 604 4 4,599 299 4,300 1,780 1,779 1 6,417 6,065 351 3,849 5,795 5,523 273 .......... 18 42 479 479 .......... .......... 24,065 34 5 28 755 755 .......... 591 2 4,919 295 4,624 2,138 2,137 1 7,326 6,969 357 4,494 7,074 6,672 402 .......... 19 197 516 516 .......... .......... 28,099 45 5 31 758 758 .......... 496 * 5,065 385 4,680 2,523 2,513 10 9,478 9,117 360 6,010 9,040 8,624 416 .......... 19 322 584 584 .......... .......... 34,375 57 6 33 1,066 1,066 .......... 484 2 5,349 468 4,881 2,623 2,606 17 9,497 9,134 363 6,009 8,872 8,421 452 .......... 20 528 7,302 665 6,636 .......... 41,847 64 7 36 1,995 1,995 .......... 481 3 5,279 596 4,683 2,702 2,685 17 9,345 8,971 374 7,322 8,633 8,175 458 .......... 26 639 6,824 719 6,106 .......... 43,357 74 .......... 43 2,437 2,437 .......... 404 2 5,864 911 4,952 2,842 2,820 23 12,133 11,652 481 8,810 9,352 8,716 636 .......... 32 725 7,072 942 6,130 .......... 49,791 10,727 4,506 13,882 4,669 15,491 4,673 19,141 4,925 22,715 5,384 28,907 5,467 29,499 12,348 31,720 11,638 37,569 12,222 242 Table 12.2 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION AND FUND GROUP: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Fund Group National defense International affairs Energy Natural resources and environment Federal funds Trust funds Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation Federal funds Trust funds Community and regional development Federal funds Trust funds Education, training, employment, and social services Federal funds Trust funds Health Income security Federal funds Trust funds Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Federal funds Trust funds Allowances Total outlays for grants to State and local governments Memorandum: Federal funds Trust funds * $500 thousand or less. Note: Federal funds unless otherwise stated 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 89 .......... 56 3,027 3,027 .......... 425 4 7,980 1,492 6,488 3,445 3,391 54 14,141 13,797 344 10,914 10,948 10,080 868 .......... 52 795 7,218 975 6,243 .......... 59,094 15 .......... 27 1,064 1,064 .......... 123 2 2,007 347 1,660 1,024 1,007 17 3,921 3,751 170 2,721 2,791 2,582 209 .......... 13 169 2,043 455 1,588 .......... 15,920 96 .......... 74 4,189 4,189 .......... 371 8 8,299 2,031 6,268 4,496 4,448 48 15,753 15,202 551 12,104 12,663 11,699 964 .......... 79 713 9,571 2,814 6,758 .......... 68,415 60 .......... 180 3,898 3,898 .......... 426 13 8,837 2,305 6,532 7,078 7,034 43 20,557 19,975 582 12,725 13,782 12,843 939 .......... 76 572 9,687 2,864 6,823 .......... 77,889 94 .......... 183 4,631 4,631 .......... 456 12 10,931 3,307 7,624 6,641 6,596 45 22,249 21,639 610 14,377 14,740 13,788 952 .......... 86 517 8,434 1,587 6,848 .......... 83,351 93 .......... 499 5,363 5,363 .......... 569 3 13,022 3,450 9,571 6,486 6,442 44 21,862 21,152 710 15,758 18,495 17,357 1,138 .......... 90 529 8,616 1,787 6,829 .......... 91,385 75 .......... 617 4,944 4,944 .......... 829 4 13,404 3,983 9,421 6,124 6,081 43 20,917 20,187 730 18,895 21,569 20,254 1,315 .......... 74 332 6,918 1,782 5,137 .......... 94,704 68 .......... 509 4,872 4,869 3 986 3 12,110 3,974 8,136 5,379 5,364 16 16,187 15,502 685 18,839 22,332 20,915 1,417 .......... 63 187 6,599 2,031 4,569 .......... 88,134 86 .......... 482 4,018 4,005 13 1,816 62 13,200 4,074 9,126 4,962 4,960 3 15,717 14,993 724 20,224 25,173 23,471 1,702 .......... 66 101 6,541 1,927 4,614 .......... 92,448 45,096 13,997 12,276 3,644 53,827 14,588 62,970 14,920 67,272 16,079 73,093 18,292 78,057 16,646 73,310 14,825 76,266 16,182 243 Table 12.2 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION AND FUND GROUP: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Fund Group National defense International affairs Energy Natural resources and environment Federal funds Trust funds Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation Federal funds Trust funds Community and regional development Federal funds Trust funds Education, training, employment, and social services Federal funds Trust funds Health Income security Federal funds Trust funds Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Federal funds Trust funds Allowances Total outlays for grants to State and local governments Memorandum: Federal funds Trust funds * $500 thousand or less. Note: Federal funds unless otherwise stated 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 95 .......... 534 3,779 3,722 57 1,783 2 14,988 3,835 11,153 5,157 5,155 2 16,020 15,257 763 21,837 26,375 24,827 1,548 .......... 66 69 6,849 2,282 4,567 .......... 97,553 157 .......... 529 4,069 4,022 47 2,371 2 17,009 3,115 13,894 5,221 5,221 (*) 17,080 16,162 918 24,451 27,940 26,364 1,576 .......... 91 95 6,838 2,254 4,584 .......... 105,852 177 .......... 538 4,255 4,167 88 1,882 2 18,318 2,852 15,465 4,861 4,861 (-*) 18,158 17,226 932 26,823 29,914 28,345 1,570 .......... 90 155 7,159 2,044 5,114 .......... 112,331 193 .......... 455 4,073 3,945 128 2,046 1 16,873 2,691 14,182 4,235 4,235 (*) 17,874 16,973 901 29,466 30,802 29,242 1,560 .......... 95 288 2,000 1,924 76 .......... 108,400 188 .......... 457 3,747 3,540 208 2,020 1 18,043 2,629 15,414 4,266 4,266 .......... 18,894 17,944 950 32,586 32,657 31,048 1,610 .......... 106 427 1,950 1,950 (-*) .......... 115,342 253 .......... 420 3,606 3,316 290 1,198 .......... 18,176 2,746 15,430 4,074 4,074 (-*) 20,649 19,654 995 36,679 34,022 32,308 1,714 .......... 127 520 2,204 2,204 (*) .......... 121,928 241 .......... 461 3,745 3,323 422 1,118 .......... 19,174 2,940 16,233 4,965 4,965 (-*) 21,780 20,771 1,009 43,890 36,935 35,194 1,742 .......... 134 574 2,309 2,309 .......... .......... 135,325 185 .......... 457 4,040 3,514 526 1,052 .......... 19,826 2,827 16,999 4,273 4,273 (-*) 24,445 23,400 1,045 55,783 41,152 39,198 1,954 .......... 141 940 2,224 2,224 .......... .......... 154,519 318 .......... 448 3,929 3,484 445 976 11 20,556 2,448 18,109 4,539 4,539 .......... 26,289 25,266 1,023 71,416 46,157 43,668 2,488 .......... 164 987 2,274 2,274 .......... .......... 178,065 79,463 18,089 84,833 21,019 89,161 23,170 91,553 16,846 97,160 18,181 103,500 18,428 115,919 19,406 133,995 20,524 156,001 22,064 244 Table 12.2 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION AND FUND GROUP: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Fund Group National defense International affairs Energy Natural resources and environment Federal funds Trust funds Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation Federal funds Trust funds Community and regional development Federal funds Trust funds Education, training, employment, and social services Federal funds Trust funds Health Income security Federal funds Trust funds Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Federal funds Trust funds Allowances Total outlays for grants to State and local governments Memorandum: Federal funds Trust funds * $500 thousand or less. Note: Federal funds unless otherwise stated 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 152 .......... 460 3,796 3,318 477 954 6 22,292 2,851 19,440 5,666 5,665 (*) 27,524 26,447 1,077 79,665 49,791 47,255 2,536 .......... 189 987 2,131 2,131 .......... .......... 193,612 169 .......... 466 3,727 3,255 473 817 8 23,633 1,887 21,747 7,789 7,789 .......... 29,714 28,678 1,036 86,265 54,681 52,409 2,273 .......... 199 992 2,135 2,135 .......... .......... 210,596 68 .......... 492 3,985 3,532 453 780 5 25,787 2,564 23,223 7,230 7,230 .......... 30,881 29,801 1,080 93,587 58,366 56,050 2,316 .......... 253 1,222 2,335 2,335 .......... .......... 224,991 38 .......... 481 3,822 3,401 421 641 8 25,957 2,363 23,594 7,850 7,850 .......... 30,343 29,261 1,082 97,650 57,066 54,768 2,298 .......... 266 1,547 2,142 2,142 .......... .......... 227,811 .......... .......... 440 3,998 3,580 418 634 9 26,846 2,740 24,106 8,161 8,161 .......... 30,688 29,656 1,032 98,974 59,012 56,719 2,293 .......... 277 2,845 2,276 2,276 .......... .......... 234,160 12 .......... 424 3,758 3,358 400 668 9 26,144 2,667 23,477 7,653 7,653 .......... 32,051 31,093 958 105,833 63,321 60,994 2,327 .......... 288 3,658 2,309 2,309 .......... .......... 246,128 1 .......... 462 4,103 3,631 472 659 810 28,904 2,896 26,008 9,332 9,332 .......... 33,510 32,484 1,026 113,969 68,885 66,389 2,496 .......... 317 4,923 2,011 2,011 .......... .......... 267,886 2 .......... 433 4,595 4,012 583 724 1,218 32,222 4,355 27,867 8,665 8,665 .......... 36,672 35,711 961 124,843 68,653 66,294 2,359 6 434 5,263 2,144 2,144 .......... .......... 285,874 47 .......... 492 4,882 4,389 493 755 1,337 36,647 6,446 30,201 9,485 9,485 .......... 40,133 39,033 1,100 139,295 76,064 73,700 2,364 .......... 405 6,612 2,388 2,388 .......... .......... 318,542 170,082 23,531 185,068 25,528 197,919 27,072 200,416 27,395 206,311 27,849 218,966 27,162 237,884 30,002 254,098 31,776 284,384 34,158 245 Table 12.2 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION AND FUND GROUP: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Fund Group National defense International affairs Energy Natural resources and environment Federal funds Trust funds Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation Federal funds Trust funds Community and regional development Federal funds Trust funds Education, training, employment, and social services Federal funds Trust funds Health Income security Federal funds Trust funds Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Federal funds Trust funds Allowances Total outlays for grants to State and local governments Memorandum: Federal funds Trust funds * $500 thousand or less. Note: Federal funds unless otherwise stated 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 91 .......... 528 5,085 4,559 526 750 1,319 40,998 7,135 33,863 10,501 10,501 .......... 44,827 43,787 1,040 158,677 81,506 78,713 2,793 1 388 5,736 2,488 2,488 .......... .......... 352,895 .......... .......... 589 5,593 5,040 553 800 1,154 41,029 7,390 33,639 15,082 15,082 .......... 51,543 50,472 1,071 173,814 86,476 83,849 2,627 2 428 4,498 7,534 7,534 .......... .......... 388,542 .......... .......... 608 6,009 5,578 431 995 1,166 41,471 8,066 33,405 12,604 12,604 .......... 54,201 53,091 1,110 189,883 85,983 83,333 2,650 7 493 5,084 9,008 9,008 .......... .......... 407,512 2 .......... 636 5,858 5,376 482 933 1,364 43,370 8,373 34,997 20,167 20,167 .......... 57,247 56,778 469 197,848 90,885 87,687 3,198 2 552 4,784 4,370 4,370 .......... .......... 428,018 2 .......... 651 6,062 5,605 457 749 1,474 46,683 7,702 38,981 21,285 21,285 .......... 60,512 59,709 803 197,347 89,816 87,148 2,668 9 625 4,961 3,923 3,923 .......... .......... 434,099 .......... .......... 667 6,047 5,597 450 803 1,448 47,945 5,873 42,072 20,653 20,653 .......... 58,077 57,155 922 208,311 90,971 88,442 2,529 16 639 4,603 3,617 3,617 .......... .......... 443,797 1 .......... 524 5,902 5,389 513 862 1,496 51,216 5,124 46,092 19,221 19,221 .......... 58,904 57,908 996 218,025 96,102 93,551 2,551 23 695 4,201 4,145 4,145 .......... .......... 461,317 .......... .......... 999 6,285 5,705 580 937 1,608 55,438 7,422 48,016 17,394 17,394 .......... 73,986 73,033 953 268,320 103,169 99,252 3,917 45 809 4,810 4,191 4,191 .......... .......... 537,991 .......... .......... 2,656 9,132 8,212 920 843 1,792 60,981 19,087 41,894 18,908 18,908 .......... 97,586 96,430 1,156 290,168 115,156 110,333 4,823 28 836 5,086 5,218 5,218 .......... .......... 608,390 314,672 38,223 350,650 37,892 369,909 37,603 388,870 39,148 391,181 42,918 397,808 45,989 411,142 50,175 484,480 53,511 559,569 48,821 246 Table 12.2 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION AND FUND GROUP: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Fund Group National defense International affairs Energy Natural resources and environment Federal funds Trust funds Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation Federal funds Trust funds Community and regional development Federal funds Trust funds Education, training, employment, and social services Federal funds Trust funds Health Income security Federal funds Trust funds Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Federal funds Trust funds Allowances Total outlays for grants to State and local governments Memorandum: Federal funds Trust funds * $500 thousand or less. Note: Federal funds unless otherwise stated 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 .......... .......... 5,128 8,259 7,370 889 938 2,322 60,990 13,974 47,016 20,002 20,002 .......... 89,147 87,881 1,266 292,847 113,625 108,263 5,362 27 996 4,876 7,613 7,613 .......... .......... 606,770 .......... .......... 4,223 7,777 6,993 784 635 2,063 60,753 9,004 51,749 20,258 20,258 .......... 68,126 67,175 951 268,277 102,574 100,057 2,517 29 1,081 4,690 4,087 4,087 .......... .......... 544,573 .......... .......... 936 7,298 6,541 757 670 2,381 60,525 6,577 53,948 16,781 16,781 .......... 62,690 61,750 940 283,036 102,190 98,460 3,730 22 1,087 4,550 4,012 4,012 .......... .......... 546,178 .......... .......... 759 6,700 5,983 717 701 2,339 62,271 7,400 54,871 13,232 13,231 1 60,485 59,509 976 320,022 100,869 97,900 2,969 16 1,223 4,262 4,099 4,099 .......... .......... 576,978 .......... .......... 577 7,043 6,333 710 707 1,875 60,835 6,761 54,074 14,357 14,352 5 60,527 59,619 908 368,026 101,082 99,491 1,591 15 1,821 3,664 3,828 3,828 .......... .......... 624,357 .......... .......... 764 6,702 5,951 751 806 2,172 63,876 7,350 56,526 15,298 15,284 14 60,867 59,430 1,437 396,666 104,769 102,461 2,308 10 1,829 3,536 3,538 3,538 .......... .......... 660,833 .......... .......... 774 6,155 5,412 743 763 2,255 64,795 7,946 56,849 14,797 14,748 49 61,553 60,633 920 406,946 107,400 104,384 3,016 10 1,992 3,973 3,299 3,299 .......... .......... 674,712 .......... .......... 771 6,394 5,671 723 815 1,866 64,836 7,328 57,508 19,089 19,011 78 60,591 59,541 1,050 421,117 110,649 107,698 2,951 18 2,061 4,195 4,105 4,105 .......... .......... 696,507 2019 estimate .......... .......... 805 6,168 5,442 726 934 2,033 67,211 7,801 59,410 21,917 21,748 169 67,500 66,425 1,075 453,862 114,169 111,738 2,431 14 2,292 7,303 5,346 5,346 .......... .......... 749,554 552,210 54,560 488,543 56,030 486,781 59,397 517,428 59,550 567,054 57,303 599,787 61,046 613,125 61,587 634,179 62,328 685,729 63,825 247 Table 12.2 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION AND FUND GROUP: 1940 - 2024 (in millions of dollars) Function and Fund Group National defense International affairs Energy Natural resources and environment Federal funds Trust funds Agriculture Commerce and housing credit Transportation Federal funds Trust funds Community and regional development Federal funds Trust funds Education, training, employment, and social services Federal funds Trust funds Health Income security Federal funds Trust funds Social security Veterans benefits and services Administration of justice General government Federal funds Trust funds Allowances Total outlays for grants to State and local governments Memorandum: Federal funds Trust funds * $500 thousand or less. Note: Federal funds unless otherwise stated 248 2020 estimate .......... .......... 842 6,134 5,363 771 888 1,914 68,600 7,606 60,994 26,442 26,287 155 63,617 62,525 1,092 452,820 110,130 107,528 2,602 24 2,581 7,033 4,947 4,947 .......... 4,750 750,722 2021 estimate .......... .......... 711 6,059 5,288 771 592 1,800 69,390 8,222 61,168 20,444 20,292 152 59,071 57,970 1,101 400,548 110,719 107,746 2,973 20 3,212 5,650 4,500 4,500 .......... 23,750 706,466 2022 estimate .......... .......... 562 5,823 5,060 763 415 1,743 57,560 7,861 49,699 20,583 20,410 173 57,884 56,782 1,102 390,248 111,495 108,600 2,895 13 3,195 4,355 4,522 4,522 .......... 38,000 696,398 2023 estimate .......... .......... 535 5,713 4,956 757 321 1,739 53,659 7,370 46,289 18,866 18,660 206 57,362 56,260 1,102 407,329 111,860 108,680 3,180 1 3,215 3,184 4,590 4,590 .......... 47,500 715,874 2024 estimate .......... .......... 673 5,728 4,971 757 207 1,730 52,939 6,958 45,981 15,313 15,070 243 57,335 56,233 1,102 415,431 112,483 109,163 3,320 .......... 3,194 3,240 4,626 4,626 .......... 38,000 710,899 685,084 65,638 640,281 66,185 641,753 54,645 664,339 51,535 659,496 51,403 Table 12.3 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION, AGENCY, AND PROGRAM: 1940 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) 1940 050 NATIONAL DEFENSE Defense--Military: Operation and Maintenance, Defense-wide Operation and Maintenance, Navy Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, Navy Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, Army Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, Air Force Military construction, Army National Guard National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund Subtotal, Defense--Military Homeland Security: Operations and Support, FEMA Total, 050 150 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS State: East-West Center Total, 150 270 ENERGY Energy: Energy supply and conservation Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Subtotal, Energy Housing and Urban Development: Assistance for solar and conservation improvements Other Independent Agencies: Tennessee Valley Authority Fund Total, 270 300 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT Agriculture: Grassroots Source Water Protection Program Watershed Rehabilitation Program Resource conservation and development Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations Rural Community Advancement Program Forest and Rangeland Research State and Private Forestry Management of National Forest Lands for Subsistence Uses Subtotal, Agriculture Commerce: NOAA: Operations, research, and facilities Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Science, Observation, Monitorin Procurement, Acquisition and Construction NOAA: Coastal zone management Subtotal, Commerce Environmental Protection Agency: State and Tribal Assistance Grants Environmental programs and management (incl loans) Hazardous Substance Superfund Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Subtotal, Environmental Protection Agency Interior: Miscellaneous Permanent Payment Accounts (BLM) Coastal Impact Assistance Mines and minerals Payments to States in Lieu of Coal Fee Receipts Water and Related Resources Bureau of Reclamation Loan Program Account Colorado River Dam Fund, Boulder Canyon Project Miscellaneous permanent appropriations Water resources and research Fish and Wildlife Service Fish and Wildlife Service (Sport fish restoration) Parks and recreation Land acquisition (land and water conservation fund) Historic Preservation Fund Youth conservation corps Everglades Watershed Protection Everglades Restoration Account National Forests Fund, Payment to States Leases of lands for flood control, navigation, etc. States Share from Certain Gulf of Mexico Leases Miscellaneous expiring appropriations Subtotal, Interior Other Defense--Civil: Corps of Engineers: Flood Control South Dakota Terrestrial Wildlife Habitat Restoration Trust Fund Subtotal, Other Defense--Civil Other Independent Agencies: Water resources planning Treasury: Payment to terrestrial wildlife habitat restoration trust fund Total, 300 350 AGRICULTURE Agriculture: Fund for Rural America Departmental Administration Salaries and Expenses Extension Activities National Institute of Food and Agriculture TF TF TF TF 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 .......... 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 .......... 4 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 .......... 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 .......... 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 .......... 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 7 .......... 7 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 .......... 6 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 9 .......... 9 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 9 .......... 9 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2 .......... 5 .......... 4 .......... 3 .......... 3 .......... 8 .......... 7 .......... 10 .......... 12 .......... .......... .......... 18 .......... .......... .......... .......... 18 .......... .......... .......... .......... 19 .......... .......... .......... .......... 19 .......... .......... .......... .......... 19 .......... .......... .......... .......... 19 .......... .......... .......... .......... 23 .......... .......... .......... .......... 27 .......... .......... .......... .......... 26 .......... 249 Table 12.3 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION, AGENCY, AND PROGRAM: 1940 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) 1940 Outreach for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers Cooperative State Research Service Integrated Activities AMS payments to States and possessions State Mediation Grants Price support and related programs: CCC Agricultural Resource Conservation Demonstration Program Account P.L. 102-552 Temporary Assistance ***Aquaculture Assistance, Recovery Act Total, 350 370 COMMERCE AND HOUSING CREDIT Agriculture: Miscellaneous expiring appropriations Commerce: Miscellaneous appropriations Minority Business Development USTS: Tourism marketing programs Fisheries Disaster Assistance Promote, develop American fishery products and research Scientific and Technical Research and Services Industrial Technology Services State and Local Implementation Fund Digital Television Transition and Public Safety Fund Subtotal, Commerce Other Independent Agencies: Universal Service Fund Small Business Administration: Small business assistance Treasury: State Small Business Credit Initiative Financial Research Fund Emergency assistance to Rhode Island program account Subtotal, Treasury Total, 370 400 TRANSPORTATION Homeland Security: Surface Transportation Security Port safety development Procurement, Construction, and Improvements, CG Boat Safety Subtotal, Homeland Security Other Independent Agencies: WMATA Contribution to United States-Canada Alaska Rail Commission Subtotal, Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) Transportation: Supp Disc Grants for Natl Surface Transport System, Recovery Act National Infrastructure Investments Grants-in-aid for Airports, Recovery Act Payment to Grants-in-aid for Airports Grants for airports (Airport and airway trust fund) Grants for airports (federal funds) Federal-aid highways (trust fund) Other Federal fund aid for highways Other Trust fund aid for highways National Motor Carrier Safety Program Motor Carrier Safety Motor Carrier Safety Grants Border Enforcement Program Highway safety grants Operating Subsidy Grants to the National Railroad Passenger Corp Northeast Corridor Improvement Program Emergency Railroad Rehabilitation and Repair Capital and Debt Service Grants to the National Railroad Passeng Restoration and Enhancement Grants Alameda corridor direct loan financing program Rail service assistance Rail Safety Technology Program Railroad Safety Grants Grants to the National Railroad Passenger Corporation Local rail freight assistance Intercity Passenger Rail Grant Program Rail Line Relocation and Improvement Program Capital Assistance for High Speed Rail Corridors and Intercity P Next Generation High-speed Rail Pennsylvania Station Redevelopment Project Alaska Railroad Rehabilitation Railroad Research and Development Conrail commuter transition assistance Northeast Corridor Grants to the National Railroad Passenger Cor National Network Grants to the National Railroad Passenger Corpo Federal-State Partnership for State of Good Repair Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements Northeast corridor improvement program Urban mass transportation grants Urban mass transportation grants Research and special programs (pipeline safety and other) Emergency Preparedness Grants Trust Fund Share of Pipeline Safety Merchant Marine Schools TF TF TF TF TF TF TF TF TF TF TF 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 .......... 7 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 25 .......... 7 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 25 .......... 7 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 26 .......... 7 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 26 .......... 7 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 26 .......... 7 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 26 .......... 7 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 30 .......... 7 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 34 .......... 7 .......... 2 .......... 28 .......... .......... .......... 64 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 165 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... * .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 172 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... * .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 152 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... * .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 88 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... * .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 48 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... * .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 33 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... * .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 44 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... * .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 183 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... * .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 .......... 327 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... * 250 Table 12.3 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION, AGENCY, AND PROGRAM: 1940 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) 1940 Subtotal, Transportation Total, 400 450 COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Agriculture: Rural Community Advancement Program Distance Learning, Telemedicine, and Broadband Program Rural Water and Waste Disposal Program Account Rural Development Insurance Fund Program Account Rural Community Facilities Program Account Rural Community Fire Protection Grants Rural Cooperative Development Grants Rural Business Program Account Rural development planning grants Rural Development Loan Fund Liquidating Account Southeast Alaska economic disaster fund Subtotal, Agriculture Commerce: Economic Development Assistance Programs Local public works and drought assistance programs Regional development programs Regional development commissions Coastal energy impact fund Subtotal, Commerce Energy: Energy Conservation Homeland Security: Federal Assistance, FEMA State and Local Programs Firefighter Assistance Grants United States Fire Administration Operations and Support, FEMA National Predisaster Mitigation Grants Disaster Relief Fund National Flood Insurance Fund Subtotal, Homeland Security Housing and Urban Development: Subsidized housing programs Moving to work Public works planning and facilities Planning assistance Community Development Fund Urban Development Action Grants Rental rehabilitation grants Supplemental assistance for facilities for the homeless Community Development Loan Guarantees Program Account National cities in schools development program Brownfields Redevelopment Empowerment Zones/enterprise Communities/renewal Communities Neighborhood Stabilization Program Urban renewal programs Miscellaneous appropriations Other Assisted Housing Programs Public facilities (including Model cities, water and sewers) Lead Hazard Reduction New community assistance grants Subtotal, Housing and Urban Development Interior: Operation of Indian programs (Area and regional development) Payment to White Earth economic development fund Indian direct loan program account Indian Guaranteed Loan Program Account King Cove Road and Airstrip Subtotal, Interior Other Independent Agencies: Appalachian regional development programs Alaska and Virgin Islands land use planning and public works Alaska land use planning: cooperative funds Payment to the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation Denali Commission Delta Regional Authority Subtotal, Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) Treasury: United States Community Adjustment and Investment Program Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund Subtotal, Treasury Total, 450 500 EDUCATION, TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT, AND SOCIAL SERVICES Commerce: Job opportunities program Public telecommunications facilities, planning and construction Information Infrastructure Grants Subtotal, Commerce Education: Reading Excellence Education Jobs Fund Indian Education Impact Aid Safe Schools and Citizenship Education Chicago Litigation Settlement Education Reform TF TF TF 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 165 165 172 172 152 152 88 88 48 48 34 34 45 45 183 183 334 334 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 277 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 277 .......... .......... 117 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 117 .......... .......... 68 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 68 .......... .......... 130 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 130 .......... .......... 134 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 134 .......... .......... 119 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 119 .......... .......... 68 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 68 .......... .......... 31 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 31 .......... .......... 8 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 8 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 277 .......... .......... .......... 117 .......... .......... .......... 68 .......... .......... .......... 130 .......... .......... .......... 134 .......... .......... .......... 119 .......... .......... .......... 68 .......... .......... .......... 31 .......... .......... .......... 8 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 .......... .......... .......... 251 Table 12.3 - TOTAL OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY FUNCTION, AGENCY, AND PROGRAM: 1940 - 2020 (in millions of dollars) 1940 Education for the Disadvantaged School Improvement Programs State Fiscal Stabilization Fund, Recovery Act Innovation and Improvement English Language Acquisition Special Education Rehabilitation Services Special institutions for the handicapped Promotion of education for the blind Career, Technical and Adult Education Career and Technical Education State Grants, H-1B Funded Higher education (including college housing loans) Institute of Education Sciences Hurricane Education Recovery ***Student Financial Assistance ***Hurricane Education Recovery Subtotal, Education Health and Human Services: State Legalization Impact Assistance Grants Job opportunities and basic skills training program Promoting Safe and Stable Families Social Services Block Grant Children and Families Services Programs ***Aging and Disability Services Programs Subtotal, Health and Human Services Interior: Indian education Operation of Indian Education Programs Subtotal, Interior Labor: Temporary employment assistance Training and Employment Services Community Service Employment for Older Americans Welfare to Work Jobs State Unemployment Insurance and Employment Service Operations TAA Community College and Career Training Grant Fund Unemployment assistance (Training and employment--Federal funds) Federal Unemployment Benefits and Allowances Unemployment Trust Fund Salaries and Expenses Subtotal, Labor Other Defense--Civil: Payment to the Henry M. Jackson Foundation Other Independent Agencies: Community services program (Social services) Corporation for Public Broadcasting Federal Payment to the Mayor of the District of Columbia Federal Payment to Jump Start Public School Reform Federal Payment for School Improvement Payment to the Institute National Endowments for the Arts: grants Challenge America arts fund Office of Museum and Library Services: Grants and Administration Domestic Volunteer Service Programs, Operating Expenses Operating Expense, Corp. for Nat. and Comm. Svc. VISTA Advance Payments Revolving Fund ***Federal Payment for Resident Tuition Support Subtotal, Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) Treasury: Social services claims Total, 500 550 HEALTH Agriculture: Food safety and inspection Executive Office of the President: Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention Health and Human Services: Salaries and Expenses Health Resources and Services Contract Support Costs Disease control (Preventive health) National Institutes of Health Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Rate Review Grants Affordable Insurance Exchange Grants State Grants and Demonstrations Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund Prevention and Wellness Fund, Recovery Act Payment to the State Response to the Opioid Abuse Crisis Account General Departmental Management ***Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Programs ***Health Resources and Services ***Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services ***Cost-sharing Reductions ***Grants to States for Medicaid ***Children's Health Insurance Fund ***Child Enrollment Contingency Fund ***Pregnancy Assistance Fund ***Health Activities Funds Subtotal, Health and Human Services TF TF 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 * .......... 19 .......... 5 .......... .......... .......... .......... 28 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 * .......... 80 .......... 5 .......... .......... .......... .......... 89 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4 * .......... 132 .......... 5 .......... .......... .......... .......... 141 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 5 * .......... 152 .......... 5 .......... .......... .......... .......... 163 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 36 * .......... 93 .......... 5 .......... .......... .......... .......... 134 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 54 * .......... 64 .......... 5 .......... .......... .......... .......... 123 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 48 * .......... 16 .......... 5 .......... .......... .......... .......... 69 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 25 * .......... 20 .......... 5 .......... .......... .......... .......... 56 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 27 * .......... 26 .......... 5 .......... .......... .......... .......... 64 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .....
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