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INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORICAL TABLES STRUCTURE, COVERAGE, AND CONCEPTS The Historical Tables provide a wide range of data on Federal Government finances. Many of the data series begin in 1940 and include estimates of the President’s Budget for 2017–2022. Additionally, Table 1.1 provides data on receipts, outlays, and surpluses or deficits for 1901–1939 and for earlier multiyear periods. Structure The Historical Tables are organized into 16 sections, each of which has one or more tables. Each section covers a common theme. Section 1, for example, provides an overview of the budget and off-budget totals; Section 2 provides tables on receipts by source; and Section 3 shows outlays by function. When a section contains several tables, the general rule is to start with tables showing the broadest overview data and then work down to more detailed tables. The purpose of these tables is to present a broad range of historical budgetary data in one convenient reference source and to provide relevant comparisons likely to be most useful. The most common comparisons are in terms of proportions (e.g., each major receipt category as a percentage of total receipts and of the gross domestic product). Section notes explain the nature of the activities covered by the tables in each section. Additional descriptive information is also included where appropriate. Explanations are generally not repeated, but there are occasional cross-references to related materials. Because of the numerous changes in the way budget data have been presented over time, there are inevitable difficulties in trying to produce comparable data to cover many years. The general rule is to provide data in as meaningful and comparable a fashion as possible. To the extent feasible, the data are presented on a basis consistent with current budget concepts. When a structural change is made, insofar as possible the data are adjusted for all years. One significant change made in the early 1990s concerns the budgetary treatment of Federal credit programs, which was changed by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990. Previously the budget recorded transactions related to direct and guaranteed loans on a cash basis. Under credit reform, the budget records budget authority and outlays for the subsidy cost of direct and guaranteed loans made in 1992 and subsequent years. The subsidy is defined as the net estimated cash flows to and from the Government over the life of the loan, discounted to the present. The remaining cash transactions of credit programs are recorded as a “means of financing” the deficit. Because it is impossible to convert the pre-1992 loans to a credit reform basis, the data are on a cash basis for pre-1992 loans and on a credit reform basis for loans made in 1992 and subsequent years. 1 Coverage The Federal Government has used the unified or consolidated budget concept as the foundation for its budgetary analysis and presentation since the 1969 Budget. The basic guidelines for the unified budget were presented in the Report of the President’s Commission on Budget Concepts (October 1967). The Commission recommended the budget include all Federal fiscal activities unless there were exceptionally persuasive reasons for exclusion. Nevertheless, from the very beginning some programs were perceived as warranting special treatment. For example, the Export-Import Bank was excluded by law from the budget totals beginning in the 1973 Budget, and other exclusions followed. These exclusions resulted in two new budget terms, on-budget and off-budget, to distinguish between these excluded entities and the rest of the budget. Although there is a legal distinction between on-budget and offbudget entities, there is no conceptual difference between the two. The off-budget Federal entities engage in the same kinds of governmental activities as the on-budget entities, and the programs of off-budget entities result in the same kind of outlays and receipts as on-budget entities. Like on-budget entities, off-budget entities are owned and controlled by the Government. The “unified budget” reflects the conceptual similarity between on-budget and off-budget entities by showing combined totals of outlays and receipts for both types of entities. The Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Public Law 99– 177) repealed the off-budget status of all then existing off-budget entities, but it also included a provision moving the Federal old-age, survivors, and disability insurance funds (collectively known as Social Security) off-budget. To provide a consistent time series, the historical tables show Social Security off-budget for all years since its inception, and show all formerly off-budget entities on-budget for all years. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 (OBRA 1989) moved the Postal Service fund off-budget, starting in 1989. Again to provide a consistent time series, transactions of the Postal Service fund are shown off-budget beginning with its inception in 1972. The transactions of its predecessor, the Post Office Department, remain on-budget. Though Social Security and the Postal Service are now off-budget, they continue to be Federal programs. Indeed, Social Security currently accounts for about one-fourth of all Federal receipts and nearly one-fourth of all Federal spending. Hence, the budget documents include these funds and focus on the Federal totals that combine the on-budget and offbudget amounts. Various budget tables and charts show total Federal receipts, outlays, and surpluses and deficits, and divide these totals between the portions that are on-budget and off-budget. Changes in Historical Budget Authority, Outlays, Receipts, and Deficits Adjustments have been made to the historical budget authority and outlay totals to reflect corrections in agency reporting provided to the Department of the Treasury. This year’s annual consultations with the Congress regarding reclassification of accounts or activities as to function or subfunction resulted in four reclassifications. None of these reclassifications affected years prior to 2016. 2 • As part of the realignment of the Transportation Security Administration’s accounts to the Common Appropriations Structure for the Department of Homeland Security, a small amount of funding in subfunction 401 (Ground transportation) was combined into accounts that were inadvertently classified as entirely subfunction 402 (Air transportation). These accounts have been reclassified to reflect the proper split between subfunctions 401 and 402. • As part of the realignment of Federal Emergency Management Agency accounts to the Common Appropriations Structure for the Department of Homeland Security, funding for the Emergency Food and Shelter program was included in an account that was inadvertently classified as entirely subfunction 453 (Disaster relief and insurance). This account has been revised to reflect the Emergency Food and Shelter program in its original subfunction of 605 (Food and nutrition assistance). • The transfer of balances of the Environmental Protection Agency’s Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund to the Department of Transportation’s Highway Trust Fund authorized by P.L. 114-94 was reclassified as subfunction 401 (Ground transportation) rather than subfunction 304 (Pollution control and abatement), the normal subfunction for this account, to properly reflect the effects of this transfer by subfunction. • The U.S. Postal Service’s lump-sum retirement liability payments to the Office of Personnel Management have been moved from subfunction 951 (On-budget employer share, employee retirement) to subfunction 372 (Postal Service) to properly reflect the effects of this transfer by subfunction. Historical data for lump-sum payments prior to 2016 have not yet been adjusted to reflect this reclassification. Note on the Fiscal Year The Federal fiscal year begins on October 1 and ends on the subsequent September 30. It is designated by the year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2016 began on October 1, 2015, and ended on September 30, 2016. Prior to fiscal year 1977 the Federal fiscal years began on July 1 and ended on June 30. In calendar year 1976 the JulySeptember period was a separate accounting period (known as the transition quarter or TQ) to bridge the period required to shift to the new fiscal year. Note on Revisions to Historical GDP The Bureau of Economic Analysis in the Department of Commerce completed its regular annual revisions of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) data in July 2016. These revisions resulted in changes to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). As a result of these changes, the fiscal year GDP figures shown in this publication for fiscal years 2013 through 2015 differ from the GDP figures shown in last year’s Historical Tables publication. The tables showing constant dollar amounts and the deflators shown in Table 10.1 have been correspondingly revised. 3 Concepts Relevant to the Historical Tables Budget receipts constitute the income side of the budget; they are composed almost entirely of taxes or other compulsory payments to the Government. In contrast, offsetting collections and offsetting receipts result from either of two kinds of transactions: businesslike activities with the public (e.g., interest income or the sale of electric power) and the receipt by one Government account of a payment from another account. Offsetting collections and offsetting receipts are offset against outlays, so that total budget outlays are reported net of these transactions. This method of accounting permits users to easily identify the size and trends in Federal taxes and other compulsory income, and in Federal spending financed from taxes, other compulsory income, and borrowing. See Chapter 11, “Governmental Receipts,” and Chapter 12, “Offsetting Collections and Offsetting Receipts,” of the Analytical Perspectives volume for more information. The budget surplus refers to any excess of budget receipts over budget outlays, while the budget deficit refers to any excess of budget outlays over budget receipts. The terms offbudget receipts, off-budget outlays, off-budget surpluses, and off-budget deficits refer to similar categories for off-budget activities. The sum of the on-budget and off-budget transactions is referred to as the consolidated, unified, or total Federal Government transactions. The budget is divided between two fund groups, Federal funds and trust funds. The Federal funds group includes all receipts and outlays not specified by law as being trust funds. All Federal funds are on-budget except for the Postal Service fund, which is shown as off-budget starting in 1972. All trust funds are on-budget, except the two Social Security retirement and disability trust funds, which are shown off-budget for all years. See Chapter 23, “Trust Funds and Federal Funds,” of the Analytical Perspectives volume for more information. Payments for individuals are Federal Government spending programs designed to transfer income (in cash or in kind) to individuals or families. To the extent feasible, this category does not include reimbursements for current services rendered to the Government (e.g., salaries and interest). See “Notes on Section 6” below for more information. Means-Tested Entitlements are entitlement programs that limit benefits or payments based on the beneficiary’s income and/or assets and payments from refundable tax credits that are phased out at certain income levels. See “Notes on Section 8” below for more information. 4 HISTORICAL TRENDS Because the Historical Tables publication provides a large volume and wide array of data on Federal Government finances, it is sometimes difficult to perceive the long- term patterns in various budget aggregates and components. To assist the reader in understanding some of these long-term patterns, this section provides a short summary of the trends in Federal deficits and surpluses, debt, receipts, outlays, and employment. Deficits and Debt.—As shown in Table 1.1, except for periods of war (when spending for defense increased sharply), depressions, or other economic downturns (when receipts fell precipitously), the Federal budget was generally in surplus throughout most of the Nation’s first 200 years. For our first 60 years as a Nation (through 1849), cumulative budget surpluses and deficits yielded a net surplus of $70 million. The Civil War, along with the Spanish-American War and the depression of the 1890s, resulted in a cumulative deficit totaling just under $1 billion during the 1850–1900 period. Between 1901 and 1916, the budget hovered very close to balance every year. World War I brought large deficits that totaled $23 billion over the 1917–1919 period. The budget was then in surplus throughout the 1920s. However, the combination of the Great Depression followed by World War II resulted in a long, unbroken string of deficits that were historically unprecedented in magnitude. As a result, Federal debt held by the public mushroomed from less than $3 billion in 1917 to $16 billion in 1930 and then to $242 billion by 1946. In relation to the size of the economy, debt held by the public grew from 16 percent of GDP in 1930 to 106 percent in 1946. During much of the postwar period, this same pattern persisted—large deficits were incurred only in time of war (e.g., Korea and Vietnam) or as a result of recessions. As shown in Table 1.2, prior to the 1980s, postwar deficits as a percent of GDP reached their highest during the 1975–76 recession at 4.1 percent in 1976. Debt held by the public had grown to $477 billion by 1976, but, because the economy had grown faster, debt as a percent of GDP had declined throughout the postwar period to a low of 23.1 percent in 1974. Following five years of deficits averaging only 2.3 percent of GDP between 1977 and 1981, debt held by the public stood at 25.2 percent of GDP by 1981—two percentage points higher than its postwar low. The traditional pattern of running large deficits only in times of war or economic downturns was broken during much of the 1980s. In 1982, large permanent tax cuts were enacted. Moreover, these were accompanied by substantial increases in defense spending. Although reductions were made to nondefense spending, they were not of sufficient size to offset the impact on the deficit. As a result, annual deficits averaging $206 billion were incurred between 1983 and 1992. These unprecedented peacetime deficits increased debt held by the public from $789 billion in 1981 to $3.0 trillion (46.6 percent of GDP) in 1992. After peaking at $290 billion in 1992, deficits declined each year through the 1990s, until 1998 when the Nation recorded its first budget surplus ($69.3 billion) since 1969. As a percent of GDP, the budget bottom line went from a deficit of 4.5 percent in 1992 to a surplus of 2.3 percent in 2000. 5 An economic slowdown began in 2001. The deterioration in the performance of the economy, together with large tax reductions as well as additional spending in response to the September 11th terrorist attacks, produced a return to deficit ($158 billion, 1.5 percent of GDP) in 2002. These factors and military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan also contributed to the increase in the deficit in the following two years, reaching $413 billion (3.4 percent of GDP) in 2004. Economic growth in 2005 and 2006 produced a sharp increase in revenues, helping to reduce the deficit to $161 billion (1.1 percent of GDP) by 2007. Debt held by the public, which had peaked at 47.8 percent of GDP in 1993, fell to 31.4 percent by 2001 and rose only slightly through 2007. In December 2007, the economy fell into recession, which was significantly deepened by the financial market crisis that began in September 2008. Lower revenue, due to both tax reductions and lower economic activity; recession-induced spending for unemployment assistance and other automatic stabilizers; a large stimulus package; and increased defense spending, due partly to renewed buildups of troops in Iraq and Afghanistan, produced deficits peaking at $1,413 billion (9.8 percent of GDP) in 2009. The deficit remained above $1 trillion until failing to $679.5 billion in 2013, partially due to a strengthening economy and the expiration of previously enacted tax reductions. The deficit in 2016 was $584.7 billion (3.2 percent of GDP). As a result of the continuing deficits throughout the 2010s, there were corresponding increases in debt held by the public from 39.3 percent of GDP in 2008 to 77.0 percent in 2016. Receipts.—From the beginning of the Republic until the start of the Civil War, our Nation relied on customs duties to finance the activities of the Federal Government. During the 19th Century, sales of public lands supplemented customs duties. While large amounts were occasionally obtained from the sale of lands, customs duties accounted for over 90 percent of Federal receipts in most years prior to the Civil War. Excise taxes became an important and growing source of Federal receipts starting in the 1860s. Estate and gift taxes were levied and collected sporadically from the 1860s through World War I, although never amounting to a significant source of receipts during that time. Prior to 1913, income taxes did not exist or were inconsequential, other than for a brief time during the Civil War period, when special tax legislation raised the income tax share of Federal receipts to as much as 13 percent in 1866. Subsequent to the enactment of income tax legislation in 1913, these taxes grew in importance as a source of Federal receipts during the following decade. By 1930, the Federal Government was relying on income taxes for 60 percent of its receipts, while customs duties and excise taxes each accounted for 15 percent of the receipts total. During the 1930s, total Federal receipts averaged about 5 percent of GDP. World War II brought a dramatic increase in receipts, with Federal receipts peaking at 20.5 percent of GDP in 1944. The percentage declined in the early post-war years to 14.1 by 1950. Since then receipts have fluctuated within a range of 15-20 percent of GDP. In recent years, the deepening recession and further tax reductions enacted in 2009 to help revive the economy reduced receipts as a percent of GDP to 14.6 in both 2009 and 2010, the lowest since 1950. Receipts have since increased to within the historical average and were 17.8 percent of GDP in 2016. 6 There have also been some significant shifts during the postwar period in the underlying sources or composition of receipts. The increase in taxes needed to support the war effort in the 1940s saw total (corporate and individual) income taxes rise to prominence as a source of Federal receipts, reaching 79 percent of total receipts in 1944. After the war, the total income tax share of receipts fell from a postwar high of 74 percent in 1952 to an average of 64 percent in the late 1960s. The growth in social insurance taxes (such as Social Security and Medicare) more than offset a postwar secular decline in excise and other nonincome tax shares. The combination of substantial reductions in income taxes enacted in the early 1980s and the continued growth in social insurance taxes resulted in a continued decline in the total income tax share of receipts. By 1983 the total income tax share had dropped to 54 percent of receipts, and it ranged from 52 percent to 60 percent through 2007. As a result of the recession and tax reductions enacted as part of the stimulus packages in February 2008 and again in the spring of 2009, the total income tax share dropped to 50 percent in 2009 and 2010. By 2016, the total income tax share of receipts had risen to 56.5 percent. Corporation income taxes accounted for a large part of this postwar decline in total income tax share, falling from over 30 percent of total Federal receipts in the early 1950s to 19 percent in 1968. During the same period, pretax corporate profits fell from about 13 percent of GDP in the early 1950s to 11 percent in 1968. By 1980 the corporation income tax share of total receipts had dropped to 12.5 percent. Pretax corporate profits also declined as a percent of GDP during the 1980s and, thus, the corporation income tax share of total receipts dropped to a low of 6.2 percent in 1983. By 1996, the share of corporation income taxes had climbed back to 11.8 percent. But, between 2001 and 2003, it averaged 7.7 percent, well below the 1980 share, before increasing to 14.7 percent by 2006. The December 2007 recession reduced the corporation income tax share of total receipts to just 6.6 percent in 2009. In 2010 the share rose to 8.9 percent and has remained relatively steady since. This postwar drop in corporation income taxes as a share of total receipts has been more than offset by the growth in social insurance taxes and retirement receipts, as both tax rates and the percentage of the workforce covered by these payroll taxes increased. This category of receipts increased from only 8 percent of total receipts during the mid-1940s to 38 percent by 1992. It has remained between 32 and 42 percent of GDP since then, with increases in the relative share of social insurance and retirement receipts coming at the expense of decreases in the relative share of income taxes (individual and corporate). Excise taxes also declined in relative importance during the postwar period, falling from a 19 percent share of total receipts in 1950 to 3 percent by 1990 and remaining relatively stable since then. Outlays and Executive Branch Civilian Employment.—Throughout most of the Nation’s history prior to the 1930s, the bulk of Federal spending went towards national defense, veterans’ benefits, and interest on the public debt. In 1929, for example, 71 percent of Federal outlays were in these three categories. The 1930s began with Federal outlays equaling just 3.4 percent of GDP. As shown in Table 1.2, the efforts to fight the Great Depression with public works and other nondefense Federal spending, when combined with the depressed GDP levels, caused outlays and their share of GDP to increase steadily during 7 most of that decade, with outlays rising to 10.1 percent of GDP by 1939 and to 11.7 percent by 1941 on the eve of U.S. involvement in World War II. Defense spending during World War II resulted in outlays as a percent of GDP rising sharply, to a peak of 42.7 percent by 1944. The end of the war brought total spending down to 14.0 percent of GDP by 1949, but the Korean War increased spending to 19.9 percent of GDP by 1953. Outlays as a percent of GDP dropped after the Korean War and stayed between 16.1 and 18.3 percent until U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War escalated sharply in the middle 1960s and remained high into the early 1970s. From 1967 through 1972, Federal outlays averaged 18.9 percent of GDP, with a peak occurring in 1968 at 19.8 percent of GDP. The decline in defense spending as a percent of GDP that began in 1973, as the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam was nearing completion, was more than offset by increased spending on human resources programs during the 1970s. The increase in human resources programs was due to the maturation of the Social Security program; increases in education and training, general and Federal employee retirement, and other income support programs, such as food stamps and unemployment assistance; as well as a takeoff in spending on the recently enacted Great Society programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. As a result, total spending increased as a percent of GDP, averaging 19.4 percent during the 1970s. Outlays as a percent of GDP reached 21.1 percent in 1980 and remained above 20 percent of GDP until 1996. A number of different factors contributed to this rise, including substantially increased defense spending through the 1980s, continued growth in human resource spending throughout this period, and large tax cuts and a deep recession (which increased deficits and therefore spending for interest on the public debt). Outlays as a percent of GDP fell below 20 percent of GDP in 1996 and continued to decline, falling to a low of 17.6 percent in both 2000 and 2001. The outlay share of GDP rose throughout the 2000s, first due, in part, to the increase in defense and homeland security spending in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, and in part to the weak growth of GDP resulting from the 2001 recession. Spending remained elevated through the middle half of the decade due, in part, to increased spending on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as the response to the devastating hurricanes that struck States along the Gulf Coast in late summer 2005. Spending reached a post-World War II high of 24.4 percent of GDP in 2009 as a result of both the recession and spending associated with the first stages of a Federal effort to restore financial markets to full functionality. Outlays as a percent of GDP have since fallen and were at 20.9 percent in 2016. Despite the growth in total Federal spending as a percent of GDP in recent decades, Executive Branch (full-time equivalent) civilian employment, as shown in Table 16.1, has remained roughly constant, ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 million civilian employees (excluding the Postal Service) since 1981. However, the composition of employment has shifted significantly between defense and civilian agencies during the postwar period, especially since the mid1980s. In 1986, for example, the 2.1 million total for civilian employees was split equally between defense and the civilian agencies, with each accounting for 1 million employees. During the 1990s and up through the current decade there has been a shift away from defense to civilian agency employment. In recent years, civilian agency employment has 8 been nearly twice that of the Department of Defense, accounting for over 1.3 million of the 2.1 million total in 2016. Although total spending has increased substantially as a percent of GDP since the 1950s, the growth in the various components of spending has not been even and, thus, the composition of spending has changed significantly during the same period. Outlays for discretionary programs (whose funding levels are determined by annual appropriations) totaled 12.3 percent of GDP in 1962, with nearly three-fourths going to defense. Discretionary spending for defense programs increased during the Vietnam War buildup in the late 1960s, causing total discretionary outlays to rise to 13.1 percent of GDP by 1968, after which a gradual decline began. By the middle 1970s, this category had dropped to slightly less than 10 percent of GDP and it generally stayed at that level until the late 1980s, when the defense buildup that started early in that decade came to an end. Discretionary spending, as a percent of GDP, fell substantially over the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s, from 9.3 percent in 1987 to 6.0 percent in 1999. Since then, discretionary spending has increased. Much of this growth occurred in 2002 and 2003, in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and the initiation of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Additional outlays in response to the Gulf Coast hurricanes in September 2005 brought the discretionary outlay share of GDP up to 7.5 percent in 2005. The recession that began in December 2007 caused GDP to drop from 2008 to 2009 and, in conjunction with additional program spending, increased discretionary spending to 9.1 percent of GDP by 2010. Discretionary outlays have fallen in the years since, in part due to the caps on discretionary spending instituted as part of the Budget Control Act of 2011, and were 6.4 percent of GDP in 2016. While total discretionary spending as a percent of GDP has generally followed a downward path over most of the past 25 years, its major components—defense and nondefense—have contrasting histories. As shown in Table 8.4, discretionary defense spending was at 9.0 percent of GDP in 1962. By 1965, spending in this category had declined to 7.2 percent of GDP. It then increased as a result of the Vietnam War, peaking at 9.1 percent of GDP in 1968, returning to the 1965 level by 1971. This decline continued throughout the 1970s, hitting a low point in that decade of 4.5 percent of GDP in 1979. The defense buildup starting in the early 1980s boosted its percentage of GDP back to 6.0 percent by 1986, after which it again began a gradual decline throughout the rest of that decade and the next. By 1999, defense discretionary spending had fallen to 2.9 percent of GDP, reflecting the end of the Cold War and the above-average economic growth during much of the 1990s. Spending in response to the September 11, 2001, attacks, followed by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, reversed this decline, with defense discretionary spending growing over the decade and (due in part to the drop in GDP) peaking at 4.7 percent of GDP in 2010. Defense discretionary spending has declined in the years since, to 3.2 percent of GDP in 2016, in part due to the caps on discretionary spending instituted as part of the Budget Control Act of 2011. Nondefense discretionary spending as a percent of GDP has followed a much different path. In 1962, it stood at 3.3 percent of GDP. During the next few years it quickly increased, reaching 4.1 percent of GDP by 1967. It dropped slightly after that year, but still averaged 9 about 3.8 percent of GDP until 1975, when it grew to 4.4 percent of GDP due, in part, to the recession and partly due to growth in spending on energy, the environment, and housing and other income support programs. Much of this growth was in the form of Federal grants to State and local governments. Additional spending arose from the creation of various antirecession grants at the end of the decade. Nondefense discretionary outlays peaked as a percent of GDP during the recession in 1980 at 5.1 percent. This category declined sharply as a percent of GDP starting in 1982, and then remained relatively steady for the next 20 years, averaging 3.4 percent during 1987–2008. The effects of the deepening recession and the anti-recession stimulus spending enacted in the spring of 2009 combined to increase the nondefense discretionary spending to 4.4 percent of GDP in 2010, before dropping in the subsequent years. Nondefense discretionary spending was 3.3 percent of GDP in 2016, the same percentage as in 1962. Programmatic mandatory spending (which excludes net interest and undistributed offsetting receipts) accounts for the largest part of the growth in total Federal spending as a percent of GDP since the 1950s. Major programs in this category include Social Security, Medicare, unemployment compensation, deposit insurance, and means-tested entitlements (Medicaid, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Supplemental Security Income, the refundable portions of a variety of tax credits, including the Earned Income and Child Tax Credits, and other programs subject to an income or asset test). Prior to the start of Medicare and Medicaid in 1966, programmatic mandatory spending averaged 5.5 percent of GDP between 1962 and 1965 (less than half the size of total discretionary spending), with Social Security accounting for nearly half. Within a decade, this category was comparable in size to total discretionary spending, nearly doubling as a percent of GDP to 10.3 percent by 1976 and remained between 9.4 percent of GDP and 11.4 percent of GDP for the next 30 years. Although part of the growth from 1966 to 1976 represented the impact of the 1975–76 recession on GDP levels and on outlays for unemployment compensation (unemployment compensation accounted for 1.1 percent of GDP in 1976) and other programs sensitive to unemployment, the largest part of the increase was due to Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. These three programs totaled 3.3 percent of GDP in 1968 and grew rapidly to 5.4 percent of GDP by 1976. By 1985, they reached 6.4 percent of GDP. While Social Security stabilized as a percent of GDP during 1984–1998, ranging from 4.1 percent to 4.5 percent, the growth in other programmatic mandatory spending continued to outpace the growth in GDP through this period (apart from recession recovery periods) due largely to Medicare and Medicaid. These two programs, which were 1.2 percent of GDP in 1975, have more than quadrupled as a percent of GDP since then, reaching 5.2 percent in 2016. Spending for means-tested entitlements other than Medicaid was at 1.3 percent of GDP from 2003 through 2006, nearly the same as it had been thirty years before (1.2 percent), in 1976. The impact of the 2007 recession helped increase this percentage to 2.0 percent by 2010 and 2011, before the percentage decreased slightly to 1.8 percent of GDP by 2016. By way of contrast, programmatic mandatory spending other than Social Security, Medicare, means-tested entitlements (which includes Medicaid), unemployment compensation, and deposit insurance had shrunk nearly in half as a percent of GDP between 1975 and 2008, falling from 3.1 percent in 1975 to no more than 1.7 percent during the 1989-2008 period. (Major programs in this grouping include Federal military and civilian employee and 10 railroad retirement, farm price supports and veterans’ compensation and readjustment benefits.) However, the large assistance provided to the financial sector in response to the financial crisis in the fall of 2008, along with the drop in GDP associated with the severe recession, caused this percentage to more than double in 2009, when it reached 3.1 percent of GDP, before dropping back to 1.1 percent of GDP in 2010. It subsequently increased to 2.0 percent by 2013, before dropping back to 1.1 percent by 2016. This assistance to the financial sector, along with the effects of the deepening recession, anti-recession spending enacted in the spring of 2009, and the spending from automatic stabilizers, such as unemployment assistance and other cyclically sensitive mandatory programs, combined to increase outlays for the entire programmatic mandatory category to 15.2 percent of GDP in 2009. This category has since fallen slightly and was 13.7 percent of GDP in 2016. By way of comparison, total discretionary spending in 2016 was 6.4 percent of GDP. Additional perspectives on spending trends available in this document include spending by agency, by function and subfunction, and by composition of outlays categories, which include payments for individuals and grants to State and local governments. 11 SECTION NOTES Notes on Section 1 (Overview of Federal Government Finances) This section provides an overall perspective on total receipts, outlays (spending), and surpluses or deficits. Off-budget transactions, which consist of the Social Security trust funds and the Postal Service fund, and on-budget transactions, which equal the total minus the off-budget transactions, are shown separately. Tables 1.1 and 1.2 have similar structures; 1.1 shows the data in millions of dollars, while 1.2 shows the same data as percentages of the gross domestic product (GDP). For all the tables using GDP, fiscal year GDP is used to calculate percentages of GDP. The fiscal year GDP data are shown in Table 1.2. Additionally, Table 1.1 shows budget totals annually back to 1901 and for multi-year periods back to 1789. Table 1.3 shows total Federal receipts, outlays, and surpluses or deficits in current and constant (Fiscal Year 2009) dollars, and as percentages of GDP. Section 6 provides a disaggregation of the constant dollar outlays. Table 1.4 shows receipts, outlays, and surpluses or deficits for the consolidated budget by fund group. The budget is composed of two principal fund groups—Federal funds and trust funds. Normally, whenever data are shown by fund group, any payments from programs in one fund group to accounts of the other are shown as outlays of the paying fund and receipts of the collecting fund. When the two fund groups are aggregated to arrive at budget totals these interfund transactions are deducted from both receipts and outlays in order to arrive at transactions with the public. Table 1.4 displays receipts and outlays on a gross basis. That is, in contrast to normal budget practice, collections of interfund payments are included in the receipts totals rather than as offsets to outlays. These interfund collections are grossed-up to more closely approximate cash income and outgo of the fund groups. Notes on Section 2 (Composition of Federal Government Receipts) Section 2 provides historical information on on-budget and off-budget governmental receipts. Table 2.1 shows total receipts divided into five major categories; it also shows the split between on-budget and off-budget receipts. Table 2.2 shows the receipts by major category as percentages of total receipts, while Table 2.3 shows the same categories of receipts as percentages of GDP. Table 2.4 disaggregates two of the major receipts categories, social insurance and retirement receipts and excise taxes, and Table 2.5 disaggregates the ‘‘other receipts’’ category. While the focus of the section is on total Federal receipts, auxiliary data show the amounts of trust fund receipts in each category, so it is readily possible to distinguish the Federal fund and trust fund portions. 12 Notes on Section 3 (Federal Government Outlays by Function) Section 3 displays Federal Government outlays (on-budget and off-budget) according to their functional classification. The functional structure divides the budget into 18 broad areas (functions) that provide a coherent and comprehensive basis for analysis. Each function, in turn, is divided into basic groupings of programs, called subfunctions. The structure has two categories—allowances and undistributed offsetting receipts—that are not truly functions but are required in order to cover the entire budget. Allowances are used to categorize amounts in estimated years that cannot yet be allocated to individual functions. Undistributed offsetting receipts are offsetting receipts that are not offset against outlays for any specific agency or programmatic function. In arraying data on a functional basis, budget authority and outlays are classified according to the primary purpose of the activity. To the extent feasible, this classification is made without regard to agency or organizational distinctions. Classifying each activity solely in the function defining its most important purpose—even though many activities serve more than one purpose— permits adding the budget authority and outlays of each function to obtain the budget totals. For example, Federal spending for Medicaid constitutes a health care program, but it also constitutes a form of income security benefits. However, the spending cannot be counted in both functions; since the main purpose of Medicaid is to finance the health care of the beneficiaries, this program is classified in the ‘‘health’’ function. Section 3 provides data on budget outlays by function, while Section 5 provides comparable data on budget authority. At times a more summary presentation of functional data is needed; the data are arrayed by ‘‘superfunction’’ to satisfy this need. Table 3.1 provides outlays by superfunction and function while Table 3.2 shows outlays by function and subfunction. Notes on Section 4 (Federal Government Outlays by Agency) Section 4 displays Federal Government outlays (on- and off-budget) by agency. Table 4.1 shows the dollar amounts of such outlays and Table 4.2 shows the percentage distribution. The outlays by agency are based on the agency structure currently in effect. For example, the Department of Homeland Security was established by legislation enacted in 2002. However, these data show spending by the Department of Homeland Security in previous years that consists of spending attributable to predecessor agencies in earlier years, but now attributable to the Department of Homeland Security. Notes on Section 5 (Budget Authority by Agency and by Subfunction) Section 5 provides data on budget authority (BA). BA is the authority provided by law for agencies to obligate the Government to spend. Table 5.1 shows BA by function and subfunction, starting with 1976. Table 5.2 provides the same information by agency, and Table 5.3 provides a percentage distribution of BA by agency. Tables 5.4 and 5.5 provide the same displays as Tables 5.2 and 5.3, but for discretionary budget authority rather than total budget authority. Budget authority data are also provided by function in Table 5.6 for various discretionary program groupings. (Discretionary refers to the Budget Enforcement 13 Act category that comprises programs subject to the annual appropriations process. See Chapter 8, “Budget Concepts,” of the Analytical Perspectives volume for more information.) The data in these tables were compiled using the same methods used for the historical tables for receipts and outlays (e.g., to the extent feasible, changes in classification are reflected retroactively so the data show the same stream of transactions in the same location for all years). However, BA is heterogeneous in nature, varying in type from one program to another. As a result, it is not strictly additive—either across programs or agencies for a year or, in many cases, for an agency or program across a series of years—in the same sense that budget receipts and budget outlays are additive. The following are examples of different kinds of BA and the manner in which BA results in outlays: • BA and outlays for each year may be exactly the same (e.g., interest on the public debt). • For each year, the Congress may appropriate a large quantity of BA that will be spent over a subsequent period of years (e.g., many defense procurement contracts and major construction programs). • Some BA (e.g., the salaries and expenses of an operating agency) is made available only for a year and any portion not obligated during that year lapses (i.e., it ceases to be available to be obligated). • Revolving funds may operate spending programs indefinitely with no new infusion of BA, other than the authority to spend offsetting collections. • BA may be enacted with the expectation it is unlikely ever to be used (e.g., standby borrowing authority). • As a result of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, the measurement of BA changed in most special and trust funds with legislatively imposed limitations or benefit formulas that constrain the use of BA. Where previously budget authority was the total income to the fund, BA in these funds for 1990 and subsequent years is now an estimate of the obligations to be incurred during the fiscal year for benefit payments, administration, and other expenses of the fund. In some, but not all, cases it was possible to adjust BA figures for these funds for years prior to 1990 to conform to the current concepts. • All income to a fund (e.g., certain revolving, special, and trust funds not subject to limitation or benefit formula) may be permanently appropriated as BA; as long as the fund has adequate resources, there is no further relationship between the BA and outlays. • Although major changes in the way BA is measured for credit programs (beginning in 1992) result from the Federal Credit Reform Act, these tables could not be reconstructed to show revised BA figures for 1991 and prior years on the new basis. (This distinction between pre-1992 credit transactions and later ones also exists for outlays, which otherwise do not suffer from differences in type.) • In its earliest years, the Federal Financing Bank (FFB) was conducted as a revolving fund, making direct loans to the public or purchasing loan assets from other funds or 14 accounts. Each new loan by the FFB required new BA. In many cases, if the same loan were made by the account being serviced by the FFB, the loan could be financed from offsetting collections and no new BA would be recorded. Under terms of the 1985 legislation moving the FFB on-budget, the FFB ceased to make direct loans to the public. Instead, it makes loans to the accounts it services, and these accounts, in turn, make the loans to the public. Such loans could be made from new BA or other obligational authority available to the parent account. These tables have not been reconstructed to shift BA previously scored in the FFB to the parent accounts, because there is no technical way to reconfigure the data. Despite these qualifications, there is a desire for historical data on BA, and this section has been developed to meet that desire. Notes on Section 6 (Composition of Federal Government Outlays) The ‘‘composition’’ categories in this section divide total outlays into national defense and nondefense components, and then disaggregate the nondefense spending into several parts: • Payments for individuals: These are Federal Government spending programs designed to transfer income (in cash or in kind) to individuals or families. To the extent feasible, this category does not include reimbursements for current services rendered to the Government (e.g., salaries and interest). The payments may be in the form of cash paid directly to individuals or they may take the form of the provision of services or the payment of bills for activities generally financed from personal income. They include outlays for the provision of medical care (in veterans’ hospitals, for example) and for the payment of medical bills (e.g., Medicare). They also include subsidies to reduce the cost of housing below market rates and food and nutrition assistance (such as SNAP – formerly food stamps). The data base, while not precise, provides a reasonable perspective of the size and composition of income support transfers within any particular year and trends over time. Section 11 disaggregates the components of this category. The data in Section 6 show a significant amount of payments for individuals takes the form of grants to State and local governments to finance benefits for the ultimate recipients. These grants include Medicaid, some food and nutrition assistance, and a significant portion of the housing assistance payments. Sections 11 and 12 provide a more detailed disaggregation of this spending. • All other grants to State and local governments: This category consists of the Federal nondefense grants to State and local governments other than grants defined as payments for individuals. Section 12 disaggregates this spending. • Net interest: Most spending for net interest is paid to the public as interest on the Federal debt. As shown in Table 3.2, net interest includes, as an offset, significant amounts of interest income. Spending in this category is equal to net outlays in the budget function of the same name. • All other: This category consists of all remaining Federal spending and offsetting receipts except for those included in the functional category ‘‘undistributed offsetting 15 receipts.’’ It includes most Federal loan activities and most Federal spending for foreign assistance, farm price supports, medical and other scientific research, and, in general, Federal direct program operations. • Undistributed offsetting receipts: These are offsetting receipts that are not offset against any specific agency or programmatic function. They are classified as function 950 in the functional tables. Additional details on their composition can be found at the end of Table 3.2. Table 6.1 shows these outlays in current and constant dollars, the percentage distribution of current dollar outlays, and the current dollar outlays as percentages of GDP. The term ‘‘constant dollars’’ means the amounts of money that would have had to be spent in each year if, on average, the unit cost of everything purchased within that category each year (including purchases financed by income transfers, interest, etc.) were the same as in the base year (Fiscal Year 2009). The adjustments to constant dollars are made by applying a series of chain-weighted price indexes to the current dollar data base. The composite total outlays deflator is used to deflate current dollar receipts to produce the constant dollar receipts in Table 1.3. The separate composite deflators used for the various outlay categories are shown in Table 10.1. Notes on Section 7 (Federal Debt) This section provides information about Federal debt. Table 7.1 contains data on gross Federal debt and its major components in terms of both the amount of debt outstanding at the end of each year and that amount as a percentage of fiscal year GDP. Gross Federal debt is composed both of Federal debt held (owned) by the public and Federal debt held by Federal Government accounts, which is mostly held by trust funds. Federal debt held by the public consists of all Federal debt held outside the Federal Government accounts. For example, it includes debt held by individuals, private banks and insurance companies, the Federal Reserve Banks, and foreign central banks. The sale (or repayment) of Federal debt to the public is the principal means of financing a Federal budget deficit (or disposing of a Federal budget surplus). Table 7.1 divides debt held by the public between the amount held by the Federal Reserve Banks and the remainder. The Federal Reserve System is the central bank for the Nation. Their holdings of Federal debt are shown separately because they do not have the same impact on private credit markets as does other debt held by the public. They accumulate Federal debt as a result of their role as the country’s central bank, and the size of these holdings has a major impact on the Nation’s money supply. Since the Federal budget does not forecast Federal Reserve monetary policy, it does not project future changes in the amounts of Federal debt that will be held by the Federal Reserve Banks. Hence, the split of debt held by the public into that portion held by the Federal Reserve Banks and the remainder is provided only for past years. Table 2.5 shows deposits of earnings by the Federal Reserve System. Most interest paid by Treasury on debt held by the Federal Reserve Banks is returned to the Treasury as deposits of earnings, which are recorded as budget receipts. 16 As a result of a conceptual revision in the quantification of Federal debt, the data on debt held by the public and gross Federal debt—but only a small part of debt held by Government accounts—were revised back to 1956 in the 1990 Budget. The total revision was relatively small—a change of less than one percent of the recorded value of the debt—but the revised basis is more consistent with the quantification of interest outlays, and provides a more meaningful measure of Federal debt. The change converted most debt held by the public from the par value to the sales price plus amortized discount. Most debt held by Government accounts is issued at par, and securities issued at a premium or discount were formerly recorded at par. That portion of debt held by Government accounts that was not revised back to 1956 in the 1990 Budget was first recorded with an adjustment for any initial discount starting with debt issued in 1989. Zerocoupon bonds, however, are recorded at estimated market or redemption price. Table 7.2 shows the end-of-year amounts of Federal debt subject to the general statutory limitation. It is recorded at par value (except for savings bonds) through 1988, but by law the basis was changed, in part, to accrual value for later years. Before World War I, each debt issue by the Government required specific authorization by the Congress. Starting in 1917, the nature of this limitation was modified in several steps until it developed into a limit on the total amount of Federal debt outstanding. The Treasury is free to borrow whatever amounts are needed up to the debt limit, which is changed from time to time to meet new requirements. Table 7.3 shows the ceiling at each point in time since 1940. It provides the specific legal citation, a short description of the change, and the amount of the limit specified by each Act. Most, but not all, of gross Federal debt is subject to the statutory limit. See Chapter 4, “Federal Borrowing and Debt,” of the Analytical Perspectives volume for more information. Notes on Section 8 (Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category and Budget Authority for Discretionary Programs) Section 8 is composed of eight tables that present outlays by the major categories used under the Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) and under previous budget agreements between Congress and previous Administrations. Table 8.1 shows Federal outlays within each of the categories and subcategories. The principal categories are outlays for mandatory and related programs and outlays for discretionary programs. (Discretionary budget authority is shown in Section 5; on an agency basis in Table 5.4 and Table 5.5 and on a functional basis in Table 5.6.) Mandatory and related programs include direct spending and offsetting receipts whose budget authority is determined by law other than appropriations acts. These include appropriated entitlements and SNAP (formerly the food stamp program), which receive pro forma appropriations. Discretionary programs are those whose budgetary resources (other than entitlement authority) are determined by annual appropriations acts. The table shows two major categories of discretionary programs: National Defense (Function 050) and Nondefense (all other discretionary programs). Table 8.2 has the same structure, but shows the data in constant (FY 2009) dollars. Table 8.3 shows the percentage distribution of outlays by BEA category and Table 8.4 shows outlays by BEA category as a percentage of GDP. 17 Tables 8.1 through 8.4 include a category called Other Means-Tested Entitlements. Means-tested entitlement programs include Medicaid and a number of other programs that limit benefits or payments based on the beneficiary’s income and/or assets. Also included in this category are payments from refundable tax credits that are phased out at certain income (generally, Adjusted Gross Income) levels. The programs currently categorized as Means-Tested Entitlements are: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Funds for Strengthening Markets, Income, and Supply (section 32) SNAP (formerly the Food Stamp Program), including nutrition assistance for Puerto Rico Child Nutrition Programs, including the special milk program Student Financial Assistance (mostly Pell Grants) Grants to States for Medicaid Children's Health Insurance Program Child Enrollment Contingency Fund Payments to States for Child Support Enforcement and Family Support Programs Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) TANF Contingency Fund Payment Where Adoption Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Payments to States for Foster Care and Adoption Assistance Child Care Entitlement to States Payment Where Recovery Rebate Exceeds Liability for Tax Payment Where Earned Income Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Health insurance supplement to earned income credit Payment Where Child Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Payment Where Credit to Aid First-Time Homebuyers Exceeds Liability for Tax Payment Where American Opportunity Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Payment Where Making Work Pay Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Supplemental Security Income Program (SSI) Recovery of Beneficiary Overpayments from SSI Program Veterans’ Pensions benefits Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Reduced Cost Sharing Reductions Payment Where COBRA Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax Table 8.5 provides additional detail by function or subfunction for mandatory and related programs. Table 8.6 shows the same data in constant dollars. Table 8.7 provides additional detail by function and subfunction on outlays for discretionary programs. Table 8.8 provides the same data in constant dollars. Notes on Section 9 (Federal Government Outlays for Major Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Education and Training) Tables in this section provide a broad perspective on Federal Government outlays for investment in public physical capital, the conduct of research and development (R&D), and 18 education and training. These data measure new Federal spending for major public physical assets, but they exclude major commodity inventories. In some cases it was necessary to use supplementary data sources to estimate missing data in order to develop a consistent historical data series. The data for the conduct of research and development exclude outlays for construction and major equipment because such spending is included in outlays for physical capital. Table 9.1 shows total investment outlays for major public physical capital, R&D, and education and training in current and constant (FY 2009) dollars, and shows the percentage distribution of outlays and outlays as a percentage of GDP. Table 9.2 focuses on direct Federal outlays and grants for major public physical capital investment in current and constant (FY 2009) dollars, disaggregating direct Federal outlays into national defense and nondefense capital investment. Table 9.3 retains the same structure as 9.2, but shows direct Federal outlay totals for physical capital investment as percentages of total outlays and as percentages of GDP. Table 9.4 disaggregates national defense direct outlays, while Table 9.5 disaggregates nondefense outlays for major public physical capital investment. Table 9.6 shows the composition of grant outlays for major public physical capital investment. Table 9.7 provides an overall perspective on Federal Government outlays for the conduct of R&D. It shows total R&D spending and the split between national defense and nondefense spending in four forms: in current dollars, in constant dollars, as percentages of total outlays, and as percentages of GDP. Table 9.8 shows outlays in current dollars by major function and program. Table 9.9 shows outlays for the conduct of education and training in current dollars for direct Federal programs and for grants to State and local governments. Total outlays for the conduct of education and training as a percentage of Federal outlays and in constant (FY 2009) dollars are also shown. As with the series on physical capital, several budget data sources have been used to develop a consistent data series extending back to 1962. A discontinuity occurs between 1991 and 1992 and affects primarily direct Federal higher education outlays. For 1991 and earlier, these data include net loan disbursements, repayments, and other transactions on a cash basis. Beginning in 1992, pursuant to changes in the treatment of loans as specified in the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this series includes outlays for loan repayments and defaults for loans originated in 1991 and earlier, but credit subsidy outlays for loans originated in 1992 and later years. Table 9.9 also excludes education and training outlays for physical capital (which are included in Table 9.7) and education and training outlays for the conduct of research and development (which are in Table 9.8). Also excluded are education and training programs for Federal civilian and military personnel. Notes on Section 10 (Implicit Outlay Deflators) Section 10 consists of Table 10.1, Gross Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the Historical Tables, which shows the various implicit deflators used to convert current dollar outlays to constant dollars. The constant dollar deflators are based on chain-weighted (FY 19 2009 chained-dollars) price indexes derived from the National Income and Product Accounts data. Notes on Section 11 (Federal Government Payments for Individuals) This section provides detail on outlays for Federal Government payments for individuals, which are also described in the notes on Section 6. The basic purpose of the payments for individuals aggregation is to provide a broad perspective on Federal cash or in-kind payments for which no current service is rendered, yet which constitutes income transfers to individuals and families. Table 11.1 provides an overview display of these data in four different forms. All four of these displays show the total payments for individuals, and the split of this total between grants to State and local governments for payments for individuals (such as Medicaid and grants for housing assistance) and all other (‘‘direct’’) payments for individuals. Table 11.2 shows the functional composition of payments for individuals (see notes on Section 3 for a description of the functional classification), and includes the same grants versus nongrants (‘‘direct’’) split provided in Table 11.1. The off-budget Social Security program finances a significant portion of the Federal payments for individuals. These tables do not distinguish between the on-budget and off-budget payments for individuals. However, all payments for individuals shown in Table 11.2 in function 650 (Social Security), except for minor payment amounts associated with the 2009 Recovery Act (ARRA), are off-budget outlays, and all other payments for individuals are on-budget. Table 11.3 displays the payments for individuals by major program category. Notes on Section 12 (Federal Grants To State and Local Governments) For many decades the Federal budget documents have provided data on Federal grants to State and local governments. The purpose of these data is to identify Federal Government outlays that constitute income to State and local governments to help finance their services and their income transfers (payments for individuals) to the public. Grants generally exclude Federal Government payments for services rendered directly to the Federal Government; for example, they exclude most Federal Government payments for research and development, and they exclude payments to State social service agencies for screening disability insurance beneficiaries for the Federal disability insurance trust fund. Table 12.1 provides an overall perspective on grants; its structure is similar to the structure of Table 11.1. Table 12.2 displays Federal grants by function (see notes on Section 3 for a description of the functional classification). The bulk of Federal grants are included in the Federal funds group. However, since the creation of the highway trust fund in 1957, significant amounts of grants have been financed from trust funds. All Federal grants are on-budget. Wherever trust fund outlays are included in those data, Table 12.2 not only identifies the total grants by function but also shows the split between Federal funds and trust funds. See “Concepts Relevant to the Historical Tables” above for more information on Federal funds and trust funds. 20 Table 12.3 provides data on grants at the account or program level, with an identification of the function, agency, and fund group of the payment. Notes on Section 13 (Social Security and Medicare) Table 13.1 displays the transactions of the Social Security and Medicare trust funds, including trust fund income, outgo, and balances, from their inception. Over the past several decades the Social Security programs (the Federal old-age and survivors insurance (OASI) and the Federal disability insurance (DI) trust funds) and the Medicare programs (the Federal hospital insurance (HI) and the Federal supplementary medical insurance (SMI) trust funds) have grown to be among the largest parts of the Federal budget. Because of the size, the rates of growth, and the specialized financing of these programs, policy analysts frequently wish to identify these activities separately from all other Federal taxes and spending. As discussed in the introductory notes, the two Social Security funds are off-budget, while the Medicare funds are on-budget. As Table 13.1 shows, the first of these funds (OASI) began in 1937. The table shows the annual transactions of that fund and of the other funds beginning with their points of origin. The table provides detailed information about Social Security and Medicare by fund. It shows total cash income (including offsetting receipts, but excluding any offsetting collections, which are offset within the expenditure accounts) by fund, separately identifying social insurance taxes and contributions, intragovernmental income, and proprietary receipts from the public. Virtually all of the proprietary receipts from the public, especially those for the SMI trust fund, are Medicare insurance premiums. The table shows the income, outgo, and surplus or deficit of each fund for each year, and also shows the balances of the funds available for future requirements. Most of these fund balances are invested in public debt securities and constitute a significant portion of the debt held by Government accounts (see Table 7.1). The SMI fund, which was established in 1967, is financed primarily by payments from Federal funds and secondarily by medical insurance premiums (proprietary receipts from the public). The other three trust funds are financed primarily by dedicated social insurance taxes. The law establishing the rate and base of these taxes allocates the tax receipts among the three funds. The table shows significant transfers by OASI and DI to the railroad retirement Social Security equivalent account. These transfers are equal to the additional amounts of money Social Security would have had to pay, less additional receipts it would have collected, if the rail labor force had been included directly under Social Security since the inception of the Social Security program. In 1983, when the OASI fund ran short of money, Congress passed legislation that (a) provided for a one-time acceleration of military service credit payments to these trust funds, (b) provided for a Federal fund payment to OASI and DI for the estimated value of checks issued in prior years and charged to the trust funds but never cashed, (c) required that the Treasury make payments to OASI, DI, and HI on the first day of the month for the 21 estimated amounts of their social insurance taxes to be collected over the course of each month (thereby increasing each affected trust fund’s balances at the beginning of the month), and (d) subjected some Social Security benefits to Federal income or other taxes and provided for payments by Federal funds to Social Security of amounts equal to these additional taxes. Additionally, in 1983 the OASI fund borrowed from the DI and HI funds (the tables show the amounts of such borrowing and repayments of borrowing). The large intragovernmental collections by OASI, DI, and HI in 1983 are a result of the transactions described under (a) and (b) above. Also starting in 1983, OASI began paying interest to DI and HI to reimburse them for the balances OASI borrowed from them; OASI, DI, and HI paid interest to Treasury to compensate it for the balances transferred to these funds on the first day of each month. The legal requirement for Treasury to make payments on the first day of the month, and the associated interest payment, ended in 1985 for HI and in 1991 for OASI and DI. Notes on Section 14 (Total (Federal and State and Local) Government Finances) Section 14 provides a perspective on the size and composition of total Government (Federal, State, and local) receipts and spending. Both the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Economic Analysis in the Commerce Department provide information (in the national income and product accounts (NIPA) data) on income and spending for all levels of government in the United States. The tables in this section include the NIPA State and local transactions with the Federal Government (deducting the amount of overlap due to Federal grants to State and local governments) to measure total Government receipts and spending on a fiscal year basis. The NIPA State and local government receipts and expenditures have been adjusted to be more comparable to the Federal unified budget receipts and outlays by using State and local government Total Expenditures, by including NIPA Capital Receipts from Estate and Gift taxes, and by displaying State and local interest receipts as an offset to State and local interest expenditures. Notes on Section 15 (Federal Health Spending) Section 15 consists of Table 15.1, Total Outlays for Health Programs. This table shows a broad definition of total Federal health spending by type of health program, including defense and veterans’ health programs, Medicare, Medicaid, Federal employees’ health benefits and other health spending. It also shows Federal health spending as percentages of total outlays and of GDP. The Health Insurance Assistance category includes outlays in the following accounts: • Payment Where Health Coverage Tax Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax • Payment Where COBRA Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax • Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions • Payment Where Small Business Health Insurance Tax Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax • Pre-Existing Condition Insurance Plan Program • Early Retiree Reinsurance Program 22 • Reinsurance and Risk Adjustment Program Payments The Other Health category consists of outlays in the health function (function 550) that are not shown in any other category on the table. Notes on Section 16 (Executive Branch Civilian Employment) Section 16 provides an overview of the size and scope of the Executive Branch Civilian work force. Federal employment in the Executive Branch is controlled on the basis of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) employment, which is the measure of the total number of regular (non-overtime) hours worked by an employee divided by the number of compensable hours applicable to each fiscal year. A typical FTE workyear is equal to 2,087 hours. For example, one full-time employee counts as one FTE, and two employees who work half-time count as one FTE. FTE data have been collected for Executive Branch agencies since 1981. The tables included in this section illustrate the size of the Executive Branch Civilian work force utilizing the FTE measures. Table 16.1 shows FTEs for the Executive Branch and selected agencies for 1981 and subsequent years; Table 16.2 shows these FTEs as a percentage of total Executive Branch FTEs. Tables showing end-strength employment are no longer included in the Historical Tables. However, these data are now available from the Office of Personnel Management’s web site at: http://www.opm.gov/feddata/HistoricalTables/index.asp. 23 Table 1.1—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS (–): 1789–2022 (in millions of dollars) Total Year 1789–1849 ...................................................................... 1850–1900 ...................................................................... Receipts On-Budget Outlays Surplus or Deficit (–) Receipts Outlays Off-Budget Surplus or Deficit (–) Receipts Outlays Surplus or Deficit (–) 1,160 14,462 1,090 15,453 70 -991 1,160 14,462 1,090 15,453 70 -991 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1901 1902 1903 1904 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 588 562 562 541 525 485 517 584 63 77 45 -43 588 562 562 541 525 485 517 584 63 77 45 -43 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 544 595 666 602 604 567 570 579 659 694 -23 25 87 -57 -89 544 595 666 602 604 567 570 579 659 694 -23 25 87 -57 -89 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 676 702 693 714 725 694 691 690 715 726 -18 11 3 -* -* 676 702 693 714 725 694 691 690 715 726 -18 11 3 -* -* .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 683 761 1,101 3,645 5,130 746 713 1,954 12,677 18,493 -63 48 -853 -9,032 -13,363 683 761 1,101 3,645 5,130 746 713 1,954 12,677 18,493 -63 48 -853 -9,032 -13,363 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 6,649 5,571 4,026 3,853 3,871 6,358 5,062 3,289 3,140 2,908 291 509 736 713 963 6,649 5,571 4,026 3,853 3,871 6,358 5,062 3,289 3,140 2,908 291 509 736 713 963 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 3,641 3,795 4,013 3,900 3,862 2,924 2,930 2,857 2,961 3,127 717 865 1,155 939 734 3,641 3,795 4,013 3,900 3,862 2,924 2,930 2,857 2,961 3,127 717 865 1,155 939 734 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 4,058 3,116 1,924 1,997 2,955 3,320 3,577 4,659 4,598 6,541 738 -462 -2,735 -2,602 -3,586 4,058 3,116 1,924 1,997 2,955 3,320 3,577 4,659 4,598 6,541 738 -462 -2,735 -2,602 -3,586 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 3,609 3,923 5,387 6,751 6,295 6,412 8,228 7,580 6,840 9,141 -2,803 -4,304 -2,193 -89 -2,846 3,609 3,923 5,122 6,364 5,792 6,412 8,228 7,582 6,850 9,154 -2,803 -4,304 -2,460 -486 -3,362 .......... .......... 265 387 503 .......... .......... -2 -10 -13 .......... .......... 267 397 516 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 6,548 8,712 14,634 24,001 43,747 9,468 13,653 35,137 78,555 91,304 -2,920 -4,941 -20,503 -54,554 -47,557 5,998 8,024 13,738 22,871 42,455 9,482 13,618 35,071 78,466 91,190 -3,484 -5,594 -21,333 -55,595 -48,735 550 688 896 1,130 1,292 -14 35 66 89 114 564 653 830 1,041 1,178 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 45,159 39,296 38,514 41,560 39,415 92,712 55,232 34,496 29,764 38,835 -47,553 -15,936 4,018 11,796 580 43,849 38,057 37,055 39,944 37,724 92,569 55,022 34,193 29,396 38,408 -48,720 -16,964 2,861 10,548 -684 1,310 1,238 1,459 1,616 1,690 143 210 303 368 427 1,167 1,028 1,157 1,248 1,263 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 39,443 51,616 66,167 69,608 69,701 42,562 45,514 67,686 76,101 70,855 -3,119 6,102 -1,519 -6,493 -1,154 37,336 48,496 62,573 65,511 65,112 42,038 44,237 65,956 73,771 67,943 -4,702 4,259 -3,383 -8,259 -2,831 2,106 3,120 3,594 4,097 4,589 524 1,277 1,730 2,330 2,912 1,583 1,843 1,864 1,766 1,677 See footnote at end of table. Table 1.1—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS (–): 1789–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Total Year Receipts Outlays On-Budget Surplus or Deficit (–) Receipts Outlays Off-Budget Surplus or Deficit (–) Receipts Outlays Surplus or Deficit (–) 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 65,451 74,587 79,990 79,636 79,249 68,444 70,640 76,578 82,405 92,098 -2,993 3,947 3,412 -2,769 -12,849 60,370 68,162 73,201 71,587 70,953 64,461 65,668 70,562 74,902 83,102 -4,091 2,494 2,639 -3,315 -12,149 5,081 6,425 6,789 8,049 8,296 3,983 4,972 6,016 7,503 8,996 1,098 1,452 773 546 -700 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 92,492 94,388 99,676 106,560 112,613 92,191 97,723 106,821 111,316 118,528 301 -3,335 -7,146 -4,756 -5,915 81,851 82,279 87,405 92,385 96,248 81,341 86,046 93,286 96,352 102,794 510 -3,766 -5,881 -3,966 -6,546 10,641 12,109 12,271 14,175 16,366 10,850 11,677 13,535 14,964 15,734 -209 431 -1,265 -789 632 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 116,817 130,835 148,822 152,973 186,882 118,228 134,532 157,464 178,134 183,640 -1,411 -3,698 -8,643 -25,161 3,242 100,094 111,749 124,420 128,056 157,928 101,699 114,817 137,040 155,798 158,436 -1,605 -3,068 -12,620 -27,742 -507 16,723 19,085 24,401 24,917 28,953 16,529 19,715 20,424 22,336 25,204 194 -630 3,978 2,581 3,749 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 192,807 187,139 207,309 230,799 263,224 195,649 210,172 230,681 245,707 269,359 -2,842 -23,033 -23,373 -14,908 -6,135 159,348 151,294 167,402 184,715 209,299 168,042 177,346 193,470 199,961 216,496 -8,694 -26,052 -26,068 -15,246 -7,198 33,459 35,845 39,907 46,084 53,925 27,607 32,826 37,212 45,746 52,862 5,852 3,019 2,695 338 1,063 1975 ................................................................................. 1976 ................................................................................. TQ .................................................................................... 1977 ................................................................................. 1978 ................................................................................. 1979 ................................................................................. 279,090 298,060 81,232 355,559 399,561 463,302 332,332 371,792 95,975 409,218 458,746 504,028 -53,242 -73,732 -14,744 -53,659 -59,185 -40,726 216,633 231,671 63,216 278,741 314,169 365,309 270,780 301,098 77,281 328,675 369,585 404,941 -54,148 -69,427 -14,065 -49,933 -55,416 -39,633 62,458 66,389 18,016 76,817 85,391 97,994 61,552 70,695 18,695 80,543 89,161 99,087 906 -4,306 -679 -3,726 -3,770 -1,093 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 517,112 599,272 617,766 600,562 666,438 590,941 678,241 745,743 808,364 851,805 -73,830 -78,968 -127,977 -207,802 -185,367 403,903 469,097 474,299 453,242 500,363 477,044 542,956 594,892 660,934 685,632 -73,141 -73,859 -120,593 -207,692 -185,269 113,209 130,176 143,467 147,320 166,075 113,898 135,285 150,851 147,430 166,173 -689 -5,109 -7,384 -110 -98 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 734,037 769,155 854,287 909,238 991,104 946,344 990,382 1,004,017 1,064,416 1,143,743 -212,308 -221,227 -149,730 -155,178 -152,639 547,866 568,927 640,886 667,747 727,439 769,396 806,842 809,243 860,012 932,832 -221,529 -237,915 -168,357 -192,265 -205,393 186,170 200,228 213,401 241,491 263,665 176,949 183,540 194,774 204,404 210,911 9,222 16,688 18,627 37,087 52,754 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 1,031,958 1,054,988 1,091,208 1,154,334 1,258,566 1,252,993 1,324,226 1,381,529 1,409,386 1,461,752 -221,036 -269,238 -290,321 -255,051 -203,186 750,302 761,103 788,783 842,401 923,541 1,027,928 1,082,539 1,129,191 1,142,799 1,182,380 -277,626 -321,435 -340,408 -300,398 -258,840 281,655 293,884 302,426 311,934 335,026 225,065 241,687 252,338 266,587 279,372 56,590 52,198 50,087 45,347 55,654 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 1,351,790 1,453,053 1,579,232 1,721,728 1,827,452 1,515,742 1,560,484 1,601,116 1,652,458 1,701,842 -163,952 -107,431 -21,884 69,270 125,610 1,000,711 1,085,561 1,187,242 1,305,929 1,382,984 1,227,078 1,259,580 1,290,490 1,335,854 1,381,064 -226,367 -174,019 -103,248 -29,925 1,920 351,079 367,492 391,990 415,799 444,468 288,664 300,904 310,626 316,604 320,778 62,415 66,588 81,364 99,195 123,690 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 2,025,191 1,991,082 1,853,136 1,782,314 1,880,114 1,788,950 1,862,846 2,010,894 2,159,899 2,292,841 236,241 128,236 -157,758 -377,585 -412,727 1,544,607 1,483,563 1,337,815 1,258,472 1,345,369 1,458,185 1,516,008 1,655,232 1,796,890 1,913,330 86,422 -32,445 -317,417 -538,418 -567,961 480,584 507,519 515,321 523,842 534,745 330,765 346,838 355,662 363,009 379,511 149,819 160,681 159,659 160,833 155,234 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 2,153,611 2,406,869 2,567,985 2,523,991 2,104,989 2,471,957 2,655,050 2,728,686 2,982,544 3,517,677 -318,346 -248,181 -160,701 -458,553 -1,412,688 1,576,135 1,798,487 1,932,896 1,865,945 1,450,980 2,069,746 2,232,981 2,275,049 2,507,793 3,000,661 -493,611 -434,494 -342,153 -641,848 -1,549,681 577,476 608,382 635,089 658,046 654,009 402,211 422,069 453,637 474,751 517,016 175,265 186,313 181,452 183,295 136,993 See footnote at end of table. Table 1.1—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS (–): 1789–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Total Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Receipts Outlays On-Budget Surplus or Deficit (–) Receipts Off-Budget Outlays Surplus or Deficit (–) Receipts Outlays Surplus or Deficit (–) ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 2,162,706 2,303,466 2,449,990 2,775,105 3,021,491 3,457,079 3,603,065 3,536,945 3,454,647 3,506,091 -1,294,373 -1,299,599 -1,086,955 -679,542 -484,600 1,531,019 1,737,678 1,880,489 2,101,831 2,285,926 2,902,397 3,104,459 3,029,357 2,820,836 2,800,038 -1,371,378 -1,366,781 -1,148,868 -719,005 -514,112 631,687 565,788 569,501 673,274 735,565 554,682 498,606 507,588 633,811 706,053 77,005 67,182 61,913 39,463 29,512 2015 ................................................................................. 2016 ................................................................................. 2017 estimate .................................................................. 2018 estimate .................................................................. 2019 estimate .................................................................. 3,249,887 3,267,961 3,459,708 3,654,292 3,813,661 3,688,383 3,852,612 4,062,223 4,094,450 4,339,564 -438,496 -584,651 -602,515 -440,158 -525,903 2,479,515 2,457,781 2,602,295 2,762,138 2,882,385 2,945,306 3,077,939 3,246,744 3,227,792 3,415,966 -465,791 -620,158 -644,449 -465,654 -533,581 770,372 810,180 857,413 892,154 931,276 743,077 774,673 815,479 866,658 923,598 27,295 35,507 41,934 25,496 7,678 2020 estimate .................................................................. 2021 estimate .................................................................. 2022 estimate .................................................................. 3,982,126 4,160,885 4,390,081 4,470,079 4,616,682 4,831,744 -487,953 -455,797 -441,663 3,010,308 3,134,084 3,308,822 3,482,316 3,564,720 3,708,130 -472,008 -430,636 -399,308 971,818 1,026,801 1,081,259 987,763 1,051,962 1,123,614 -15,945 -25,161 -42,355 * $500 thousand or less. Note: Budget figures prior to 1933 are based on the "Administrative Budget" concepts rather than the "Unified Budget" concepts. Table 1.2—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS (–) AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1930–2022 Year GDP (in billions of dollars) Total Receipts Outlays On-Budget Surplus or Deficit (–) Receipts Outlays Off-Budget Surplus or Deficit (–) Receipts Outlays Surplus or Deficit (–) 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 98.4 84.8 68.5 58.3 62.0 4.1 3.7 2.8 3.4 4.8 3.4 4.2 6.8 7.9 10.6 0.8 -0.5 -4.0 -4.5 -5.8 4.1 3.7 2.8 3.4 4.8 3.4 4.2 6.8 7.9 10.6 0.8 -0.5 -4.0 -4.5 -5.8 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 70.5 79.6 88.9 90.2 90.4 5.1 4.9 6.1 7.5 7.0 9.1 10.3 8.5 7.6 10.1 -4.0 -5.4 -2.5 -0.1 -3.1 5.1 4.9 5.8 7.1 6.4 9.1 10.3 8.5 7.6 10.1 -4.0 -5.4 -2.8 -0.5 -3.7 .......... .......... 0.3 0.4 0.6 .......... .......... -* -* -* .......... .......... 0.3 0.4 0.6 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 98.2 116.2 147.7 184.6 213.8 6.7 7.5 9.9 13.0 20.5 9.6 11.7 23.8 42.6 42.7 -3.0 -4.3 -13.9 -29.6 -22.2 6.1 6.9 9.3 12.4 19.9 9.7 11.7 23.7 42.5 42.7 -3.5 -4.8 -14.4 -30.1 -22.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 -* * * * 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 226.4 228.0 238.9 262.4 276.8 19.9 17.2 16.1 15.8 14.2 41.0 24.2 14.4 11.3 14.0 -21.0 -7.0 1.7 4.5 0.2 19.4 16.7 15.5 15.2 13.6 40.9 24.1 14.3 11.2 13.9 -21.5 -7.4 1.2 4.0 -0.2 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 279.0 327.4 357.5 382.5 387.7 14.1 15.8 18.5 18.2 18.0 15.3 13.9 18.9 19.9 18.3 -1.1 1.9 -0.4 -1.7 -0.3 13.4 14.8 17.5 17.1 16.8 15.1 13.5 18.4 19.3 17.5 -1.7 1.3 -0.9 -2.2 -0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 407.0 439.0 464.2 474.3 505.6 16.1 17.0 17.2 16.8 15.7 16.8 16.1 16.5 17.4 18.2 -0.7 0.9 0.7 -0.6 -2.5 14.8 15.5 15.8 15.1 14.0 15.8 15.0 15.2 15.8 16.4 -1.0 0.6 0.6 -0.7 -2.4 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.1 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 535.1 547.6 586.9 619.3 662.9 17.3 17.2 17.0 17.2 17.0 17.2 17.8 18.2 18.0 17.9 0.1 -0.6 -1.2 -0.8 -0.9 15.3 15.0 14.9 14.9 14.5 15.2 15.7 15.9 15.6 15.5 0.1 -0.7 -1.0 -0.6 -1.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4 -* 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 710.7 781.9 838.2 899.3 982.3 16.4 16.7 17.8 17.0 19.0 16.6 17.2 18.8 19.8 18.7 -0.2 -0.5 -1.0 -2.8 0.3 14.1 14.3 14.8 14.2 16.1 14.3 14.7 16.3 17.3 16.1 -0.2 -0.4 -1.5 -3.1 -0.1 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 * -0.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 1,049.1 1,119.3 1,219.5 1,356.0 1,486.2 18.4 16.7 17.0 17.0 17.7 18.6 18.8 18.9 18.1 18.1 -0.3 -2.1 -1.9 -1.1 -0.4 15.2 13.5 13.7 13.6 14.1 16.0 15.8 15.9 14.7 14.6 -0.8 -2.3 -2.1 -1.1 -0.5 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 * 0.1 1975 ................................................................................. 1976 ................................................................................. TQ .................................................................................... 1977 ................................................................................. 1978 ................................................................................. 1979 ................................................................................. 1,610.6 1,790.3 472.6 2,028.4 2,278.2 2,570.0 17.3 16.6 17.2 17.5 17.5 18.0 20.6 20.8 20.3 20.2 20.1 19.6 -3.3 -4.1 -3.1 -2.6 -2.6 -1.6 13.5 12.9 13.4 13.7 13.8 14.2 16.8 16.8 16.4 16.2 16.2 15.8 -3.4 -3.9 -3.0 -2.5 -2.4 -1.5 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -* 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 2,796.8 3,138.4 3,313.9 3,541.1 3,952.8 18.5 19.1 18.6 17.0 16.9 21.1 21.6 22.5 22.8 21.5 -2.6 -2.5 -3.9 -5.9 -4.7 14.4 14.9 14.3 12.8 12.7 17.1 17.3 18.0 18.7 17.3 -2.6 -2.4 -3.6 -5.9 -4.7 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.2 4.2 -* -0.2 -0.2 -* -* 1985 ................................................................................. 4,270.4 17.2 22.2 -5.0 12.8 18.0 -5.2 4.4 4.1 0.2 See footnote at end of table. Table 1.2—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS (–) AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1930–2022—Continued Year GDP (in billions of dollars) Total Receipts Outlays On-Budget Surplus or Deficit (–) Receipts Outlays Off-Budget Surplus or Deficit (–) Receipts Outlays Surplus or Deficit (–) 1986 1987 1988 1989 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 4,536.1 4,781.9 5,155.1 5,570.0 17.0 17.9 17.6 17.8 21.8 21.0 20.6 20.5 -4.9 -3.1 -3.0 -2.7 12.5 13.4 13.0 13.1 17.8 16.9 16.7 16.7 -5.2 -3.5 -3.7 -3.7 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 5,914.6 6,110.1 6,434.7 6,794.9 7,197.8 17.4 17.3 17.0 17.0 17.5 21.2 21.7 21.5 20.7 20.3 -3.7 -4.4 -4.5 -3.8 -2.8 12.7 12.5 12.3 12.4 12.8 17.4 17.7 17.5 16.8 16.4 -4.7 -5.3 -5.3 -4.4 -3.6 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.7 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 7,583.4 7,978.3 8,483.2 8,954.8 9,510.5 17.8 18.2 18.6 19.2 19.2 20.0 19.6 18.9 18.5 17.9 -2.2 -1.3 -0.3 0.8 1.3 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 14.5 16.2 15.8 15.2 14.9 14.5 -3.0 -2.2 -1.2 -0.3 * 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.4 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 10,148.2 10,564.6 10,876.9 11,332.4 12,088.6 20.0 18.8 17.0 15.7 15.6 17.6 17.6 18.5 19.1 19.0 2.3 1.2 -1.5 -3.3 -3.4 15.2 14.0 12.3 11.1 11.1 14.4 14.3 15.2 15.9 15.8 0.9 -0.3 -2.9 -4.8 -4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 12,888.9 13,684.7 14,322.9 14,752.4 14,414.6 16.7 17.6 17.9 17.1 14.6 19.2 19.4 19.1 20.2 24.4 -2.5 -1.8 -1.1 -3.1 -9.8 12.2 13.1 13.5 12.6 10.1 16.1 16.3 15.9 17.0 20.8 -3.8 -3.2 -2.4 -4.4 -10.8 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 14,798.5 15,379.2 16,027.2 16,515.9 17,220.0 14.6 15.0 15.3 16.8 17.5 23.4 23.4 22.1 20.9 20.4 -8.7 -8.5 -6.8 -4.1 -2.8 10.3 11.3 11.7 12.7 13.3 19.6 20.2 18.9 17.1 16.3 -9.3 -8.9 -7.2 -4.4 -3.0 4.3 3.7 3.6 4.1 4.3 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.8 4.1 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 2015 ................................................................................. 2016 ................................................................................. 2017 estimate .................................................................. 2018 estimate .................................................................. 2019 estimate .................................................................. 17,904.0 18,407.4 19,161.9 20,013.7 20,947.3 18.2 17.8 18.1 18.3 18.2 20.6 20.9 21.2 20.5 20.7 -2.4 -3.2 -3.1 -2.2 -2.5 13.8 13.4 13.6 13.8 13.8 16.5 16.7 16.9 16.1 16.3 -2.6 -3.4 -3.4 -2.3 -2.5 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 * 2020 estimate .................................................................. 2021 estimate .................................................................. 2022 estimate .................................................................. 21,980.6 23,092.7 24,261.3 18.1 18.0 18.1 20.3 20.0 19.9 -2.2 -2.0 -1.8 13.7 13.6 13.6 15.8 15.4 15.3 -2.1 -1.9 -1.6 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 * 0.05 percent or less. Note: Budget figures prior to 1933 are based on the "Administrative Budget" concepts rather than the "Unified Budget" concepts. Table 1.3—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS (–) IN CURRENT DOLLARS, CONSTANT (FY 2009) DOLLARS, AND AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1940–2022 (dollar amounts in billions) In Current Dollars Fiscal Year Receipts Outlays In Constant (FY 2009) Dollars Surplus or Deficit (–) Receipts Outlays Surplus or Deficit (–) Addendum: Composite Deflator As Percentages of GDP Receipts Outlays Surplus or Deficit (–) 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 6.5 8.7 14.6 24.0 43.7 9.5 13.7 35.1 78.6 91.3 -2.9 -4.9 -20.5 -54.6 -47.6 94.0 113.3 167.8 249.0 493.2 135.8 177.5 402.9 814.9 1,029.4 -41.9 -64.3 -235.1 -565.9 -536.2 0.0697 0.0769 0.0872 0.0964 0.0887 6.7 7.5 9.9 13.0 20.5 9.6 11.7 23.8 42.6 42.7 -3.0 -4.3 -13.9 -29.6 -22.2 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 45.2 39.3 38.5 41.6 39.4 92.7 55.2 34.5 29.8 38.8 -47.6 -15.9 4.0 11.8 0.6 541.5 466.7 402.9 418.1 411.4 1,111.7 656.0 360.8 299.4 405.4 -570.2 -189.3 42.0 118.7 6.1 0.0834 0.0842 0.0956 0.0994 0.0958 19.9 17.2 16.1 15.8 14.2 41.0 24.2 14.4 11.3 14.0 -21.0 -7.0 1.7 4.5 0.2 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 39.4 51.6 66.2 69.6 69.7 42.6 45.5 67.7 76.1 70.9 -3.1 6.1 -1.5 -6.5 -1.2 392.5 511.6 657.7 644.5 626.8 423.5 451.1 672.8 704.6 637.2 -31.0 60.5 -15.1 -60.1 -10.4 0.1005 0.1009 0.1006 0.1080 0.1112 14.1 15.8 18.5 18.2 18.0 15.3 13.9 18.9 19.9 18.3 -1.1 1.9 -0.4 -1.7 -0.3 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 65.5 74.6 80.0 79.6 79.2 68.4 70.6 76.6 82.4 92.1 -3.0 3.9 3.4 -2.8 -12.8 568.6 620.5 634.3 596.5 569.7 594.6 587.7 607.3 617.3 662.1 -26.0 32.8 27.1 -20.7 -92.4 0.1151 0.1202 0.1261 0.1335 0.1391 16.1 17.0 17.2 16.8 15.7 16.8 16.1 16.5 17.4 18.2 -0.7 0.9 0.7 -0.6 -2.5 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 92.5 94.4 99.7 106.6 112.6 92.2 97.7 106.8 111.3 118.5 0.3 -3.3 -7.1 -4.8 -5.9 655.5 654.1 689.8 707.1 735.6 653.4 677.2 739.2 738.7 774.2 2.1 -23.1 -49.5 -31.6 -38.6 0.1411 0.1443 0.1445 0.1507 0.1531 17.3 17.2 17.0 17.2 17.0 17.2 17.8 18.2 18.0 17.9 0.1 -0.6 -1.2 -0.8 -0.9 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 116.8 130.8 148.8 153.0 186.9 118.2 134.5 157.5 178.1 183.6 -1.4 -3.7 -8.6 -25.2 3.2 752.2 819.8 911.9 904.6 1,039.4 761.3 842.9 964.9 1,053.4 1,021.4 -9.1 -23.2 -53.0 -148.8 18.0 0.1553 0.1596 0.1632 0.1691 0.1798 16.4 16.7 17.8 17.0 19.0 16.6 17.2 18.8 19.8 18.7 -0.2 -0.5 -1.0 -2.8 0.3 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 192.8 187.1 207.3 230.8 263.2 195.6 210.2 230.7 245.7 269.4 -2.8 -23.0 -23.4 -14.9 -6.1 1,015.3 921.9 957.5 1,018.5 1,072.6 1,030.3 1,035.3 1,065.5 1,084.3 1,097.6 -15.0 -113.5 -108.0 -65.8 -25.0 0.1899 0.2030 0.2165 0.2266 0.2454 18.4 16.7 17.0 17.0 17.7 18.6 18.8 18.9 18.1 18.1 -0.3 -2.1 -1.9 -1.1 -0.4 1975 .................................................................................. 1976 .................................................................................. TQ ..................................................................................... 1977 .................................................................................. 1978 .................................................................................. 1979 .................................................................................. 279.1 298.1 81.2 355.6 399.6 463.3 332.3 371.8 96.0 409.2 458.7 504.0 -53.2 -73.7 -14.7 -53.7 -59.2 -40.7 1,035.6 1,032.1 274.3 1,147.7 1,213.7 1,295.6 1,233.1 1,287.4 324.1 1,320.9 1,393.5 1,409.5 -197.6 -255.3 -49.8 -173.2 -179.8 -113.9 0.2695 0.2888 0.2961 0.3098 0.3292 0.3576 17.3 16.6 17.2 17.5 17.5 18.0 20.6 20.8 20.3 20.2 20.1 19.6 -3.3 -4.1 -3.1 -2.6 -2.6 -1.6 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 517.1 599.3 617.8 600.6 666.4 590.9 678.2 745.7 808.4 851.8 -73.8 -79.0 -128.0 -207.8 -185.4 1,308.8 1,364.8 1,308.5 1,211.5 1,285.6 1,495.7 1,544.6 1,579.6 1,630.8 1,643.1 -186.9 -179.8 -271.1 -419.2 -357.6 0.3951 0.4391 0.4721 0.4957 0.5184 18.5 19.1 18.6 17.0 16.9 21.1 21.6 22.5 22.8 21.5 -2.6 -2.5 -3.9 -5.9 -4.7 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 734.0 769.2 854.3 909.2 991.1 946.3 990.4 1,004.0 1,064.4 1,143.7 -212.3 -221.2 -149.7 -155.2 -152.6 1,366.4 1,402.0 1,513.9 1,558.2 1,636.0 1,761.6 1,805.3 1,779.2 1,824.2 1,888.0 -395.2 -403.3 -265.3 -265.9 -252.0 0.5372 0.5486 0.5643 0.5835 0.6058 17.2 17.0 17.9 17.6 17.8 22.2 21.8 21.0 20.6 20.5 -5.0 -4.9 -3.1 -3.0 -2.7 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 1,032.0 1,055.0 1,091.2 1,154.3 1,258.6 1,253.0 1,324.2 1,381.5 1,409.4 1,461.8 -221.0 -269.2 -290.3 -255.1 -203.2 1,654.6 1,616.6 1,611.6 1,655.7 1,772.6 2,009.0 2,029.2 2,040.4 2,021.5 2,058.8 -354.4 -412.6 -428.8 -365.8 -286.2 0.6237 0.6526 0.6771 0.6972 0.7100 17.4 17.3 17.0 17.0 17.5 21.2 21.7 21.5 20.7 20.3 -3.7 -4.4 -4.5 -3.8 -2.8 Table 1.3—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS (–) IN CURRENT DOLLARS, CONSTANT (FY 2009) DOLLARS, AND AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1940–2022—Continued (dollar amounts in billions) In Current Dollars Fiscal Year Receipts Outlays In Constant (FY 2009) Dollars Surplus or Deficit (–) Receipts Outlays Surplus or Deficit (–) Addendum: Composite Deflator As Percentages of GDP Receipts Outlays Surplus or Deficit (–) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 1,351.8 1,453.1 1,579.2 1,721.7 1,827.5 1,515.7 1,560.5 1,601.1 1,652.5 1,701.8 -164.0 -107.4 -21.9 69.3 125.6 1,850.2 1,948.1 2,074.7 2,242.1 2,349.8 2,074.7 2,092.1 2,103.4 2,151.9 2,188.3 -224.4 -144.0 -28.7 90.2 161.5 0.7306 0.7459 0.7612 0.7679 0.7777 17.8 18.2 18.6 19.2 19.2 20.0 19.6 18.9 18.5 17.9 -2.2 -1.3 -0.3 0.8 1.3 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 2,025.2 1,991.1 1,853.1 1,782.3 1,880.1 1,789.0 1,862.8 2,010.9 2,159.9 2,292.8 236.2 128.2 -157.8 -377.6 -412.7 2,541.0 2,433.2 2,227.6 2,083.6 2,141.8 2,244.6 2,276.5 2,417.2 2,525.0 2,612.0 296.4 156.7 -189.6 -441.4 -470.2 0.7970 0.8183 0.8319 0.8554 0.8778 20.0 18.8 17.0 15.7 15.6 17.6 17.6 18.5 19.1 19.0 2.3 1.2 -1.5 -3.3 -3.4 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 2,153.6 2,406.9 2,568.0 2,524.0 2,105.0 2,472.0 2,655.0 2,728.7 2,982.5 3,517.7 -318.3 -248.2 -160.7 -458.6 -1,412.7 2,371.6 2,561.9 2,663.1 2,529.0 2,105.0 2,722.1 2,826.0 2,829.7 2,988.5 3,517.7 -350.6 -264.2 -166.7 -459.5 -1,412.7 0.9081 0.9395 0.9643 0.9980 1.0000 16.7 17.6 17.9 17.1 14.6 19.2 19.4 19.1 20.2 24.4 -2.5 -1.8 -1.1 -3.1 -9.8 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................................. 2,162.7 2,303.5 2,450.0 2,775.1 3,021.5 3,457.1 3,603.1 3,536.9 3,454.6 3,506.1 -1,294.4 -1,299.6 -1,087.0 -679.5 -484.6 2,129.3 2,215.9 2,310.7 2,583.9 2,770.5 3,403.6 3,466.2 3,335.8 3,216.6 3,214.8 -1,274.4 -1,250.2 -1,025.1 -632.7 -444.3 1.0157 1.0395 1.0603 1.0740 1.0906 14.6 15.0 15.3 16.8 17.5 23.4 23.4 22.1 20.9 20.4 -8.7 -8.5 -6.8 -4.1 -2.8 2015 .................................................................................. 2016 .................................................................................. 2017 estimate ................................................................... 2018 estimate ................................................................... 2019 estimate ................................................................... 3,249.9 3,268.0 3,459.7 3,654.3 3,813.7 3,688.4 3,852.6 4,062.2 4,094.4 4,339.6 -438.5 -584.7 -602.5 -440.2 -525.9 2,960.9 2,953.2 3,056.0 3,159.2 3,224.3 3,360.4 3,481.5 3,588.2 3,539.8 3,668.9 -399.5 -528.3 -532.2 -380.5 -444.6 1.0976 1.1066 1.1321 1.1567 1.1828 18.2 17.8 18.1 18.3 18.2 20.6 20.9 21.2 20.5 20.7 -2.4 -3.2 -3.1 -2.2 -2.5 2020 estimate ................................................................... 2021 estimate ................................................................... 2022 estimate ................................................................... 3,982.1 4,160.9 4,390.1 4,470.1 4,616.7 4,831.7 -488.0 -455.8 -441.7 3,292.4 3,364.0 3,471.2 3,695.8 3,732.5 3,820.5 -403.4 -368.5 -349.2 1.2095 1.2369 1.2647 18.1 18.0 18.1 20.3 20.0 19.9 -2.2 -2.0 -1.8 Table 1.4—RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS (–) BY FUND GROUP: 1934–2022 (in millions of dollars) Receipts Fiscal Year Total Federal Funds Outlays Trust Funds Interfund Transactions Total Federal Funds Surplus or Deficit (–) Trust Funds Interfund Transactions Total Federal Funds Trust Funds 1934 ............................... 2,955 2,926 72 -42 6,541 6,558 25 -42 -3,586 -3,633 47 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 3,609 3,923 5,387 6,751 6,295 3,578 3,871 4,794 5,477 4,822 76 168 691 1,474 1,657 -45 -116 -99 -201 -184 6,412 8,228 7,580 6,840 9,141 6,427 8,335 7,620 6,689 8,718 30 9 58 351 607 -45 -116 -99 -201 -184 -2,803 -4,304 -2,193 -89 -2,846 -2,849 -4,464 -2,826 -1,212 -3,896 46 159 633 1,124 1,051 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 6,548 8,712 14,634 24,001 43,747 4,929 6,900 12,336 21,117 40,466 1,845 2,090 2,613 3,279 3,896 -225 -277 -315 -395 -615 9,468 13,653 35,137 78,555 91,304 8,974 13,260 34,831 78,765 92,284 720 671 620 185 -365 -225 -277 -315 -395 -615 -2,920 -4,941 -20,503 -54,554 -47,557 -4,045 -6,360 -22,496 -57,648 -51,818 1,125 1,419 1,992 3,094 4,261 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 45,159 39,296 38,514 41,560 39,415 41,875 36,357 35,380 37,822 35,849 5,045 5,144 4,885 4,894 4,750 -1,760 -2,205 -1,751 -1,156 -1,184 92,712 55,232 34,496 29,764 38,835 94,846 56,204 34,803 28,988 37,686 -374 1,234 1,444 1,932 2,333 -1,760 -2,205 -1,751 -1,156 -1,184 -47,553 -15,936 4,018 11,796 580 -52,972 -19,847 577 8,834 -1,838 5,419 3,910 3,441 2,962 2,417 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 39,443 51,616 66,167 69,608 69,701 35,334 46,183 59,989 63,085 62,774 5,823 6,729 7,744 8,080 8,297 -1,715 -1,296 -1,566 -1,557 -1,370 42,562 45,514 67,686 76,101 70,855 38,389 43,732 64,994 73,006 65,924 5,888 3,078 4,257 4,652 6,301 -1,715 -1,296 -1,566 -1,557 -1,370 -3,119 6,102 -1,519 -6,493 -1,154 -3,055 2,451 -5,005 -9,921 -3,151 -65 3,651 3,486 3,427 1,997 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 65,451 74,587 79,990 79,636 79,249 58,168 65,594 68,847 66,720 65,800 8,627 10,745 13,210 15,082 15,770 -1,344 -1,753 -2,067 -2,166 -2,321 68,444 70,640 76,578 82,405 92,098 62,341 64,281 67,189 69,737 77,071 7,447 8,111 11,456 14,834 17,348 -1,344 -1,753 -2,067 -2,166 -2,321 -2,993 3,947 3,412 -2,769 -12,849 -4,173 1,313 1,657 -3,017 -11,271 1,180 2,634 1,755 248 -1,578 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 92,492 94,388 99,676 106,560 112,613 75,647 75,175 79,700 84,013 87,511 19,232 22,320 22,981 25,792 28,461 -2,387 -3,107 -3,005 -3,245 -3,358 92,191 97,723 106,821 111,316 118,528 74,856 79,368 86,546 90,643 96,098 19,722 21,462 23,280 23,918 25,788 -2,387 -3,107 -3,005 -3,245 -3,358 301 -3,335 -7,146 -4,756 -5,915 791 -4,193 -6,847 -6,630 -8,588 -490 858 -299 1,874 2,673 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 116,817 130,835 148,822 152,973 186,882 90,943 101,428 111,835 114,726 143,322 29,202 32,959 42,213 44,011 51,108 -3,328 -3,552 -5,227 -5,764 -7,549 118,228 134,532 157,464 178,134 183,640 94,853 106,592 127,544 143,100 148,192 26,703 31,492 35,147 40,799 42,996 -3,328 -3,552 -5,227 -5,764 -7,549 -1,411 -3,698 -8,643 -25,161 3,242 -3,910 -5,165 -15,709 -28,373 -4,871 2,499 1,467 7,066 3,212 8,112 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 192,807 187,139 207,309 230,799 263,224 143,159 133,785 148,846 161,357 181,228 58,425 64,937 71,619 90,767 103,789 -8,777 -11,583 -13,156 -21,325 -21,793 195,649 210,172 230,681 245,707 269,359 156,327 163,681 178,142 187,040 201,372 48,099 58,074 65,695 79,993 89,780 -8,777 -11,583 -13,156 -21,325 -21,793 -2,842 -23,033 -23,373 -14,908 -6,135 -13,168 -29,896 -29,296 -25,683 -20,144 10,326 6,863 5,924 10,774 14,009 1975 ............................... 1976 ............................... TQ .................................. 1977 ............................... 1978 ............................... 1979 ............................... 279,090 298,060 81,232 355,559 399,561 463,302 187,505 201,099 54,085 241,312 270,490 316,366 117,647 132,509 31,625 151,503 166,468 188,072 -26,061 -35,548 -4,478 -37,256 -37,397 -41,136 332,332 371,792 95,975 409,218 458,746 504,028 248,169 277,236 66,878 304,467 342,366 375,427 110,225 130,104 33,576 142,007 153,777 169,737 -26,061 -35,548 -4,478 -37,256 -37,397 -41,136 -53,242 -73,732 -14,744 -53,659 -59,185 -40,726 -60,664 -76,138 -12,793 -63,155 -71,876 -59,061 7,422 2,405 -1,951 9,495 12,691 18,335 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 517,112 599,272 617,766 600,562 666,438 350,856 410,422 409,253 382,432 420,391 212,106 240,601 270,138 319,363 338,621 -45,850 -51,751 -61,625 -101,233 -92,574 590,941 678,241 745,743 808,364 851,805 433,487 496,213 543,473 613,306 638,663 203,304 233,778 263,894 296,291 305,716 -45,850 -51,751 -61,625 -101,233 -92,574 -73,830 -78,968 -127,977 -207,802 -185,367 -82,632 -85,791 -134,221 -230,874 -218,272 8,802 6,823 6,244 23,072 32,905 1985 1986 1987 1988 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 734,037 769,155 854,287 909,238 460,307 474,123 538,705 561,446 397,452 423,319 444,141 491,138 -123,723 -128,287 -128,559 -143,346 946,344 990,382 1,004,017 1,064,416 726,764 757,243 761,053 814,348 343,304 361,426 371,523 393,414 -123,723 -128,287 -128,559 -143,346 -212,308 -221,227 -149,730 -155,178 -266,457 -283,120 -222,348 -252,902 54,149 61,893 72,618 97,724 See note at end of table. Table 1.4—RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS (–) BY FUND GROUP: 1934–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Receipts Fiscal Year 1989 ............................... Total Federal Funds Outlays Trust Funds Interfund Transactions Total Federal Funds Surplus or Deficit (–) Trust Funds Interfund Transactions Total Federal Funds Trust Funds 991,104 615,320 535,858 -160,073 1,143,743 891,441 412,375 -160,073 -152,639 -276,122 123,483 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 1,031,958 1,054,988 1,091,208 1,154,334 1,258,566 635,937 641,618 656,339 705,523 775,095 566,820 603,813 636,010 671,382 693,888 -170,799 -190,443 -201,141 -222,571 -210,416 1,252,993 1,324,226 1,381,529 1,409,386 1,461,752 977,118 1,022,590 1,042,678 1,060,960 1,073,602 446,674 492,079 539,992 570,997 598,566 -170,799 -190,443 -201,141 -222,571 -210,416 -221,036 -269,238 -290,321 -255,051 -203,186 -341,181 -380,971 -386,338 -355,436 -298,508 120,145 111,733 96,018 100,385 95,322 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 1,351,790 1,453,053 1,579,232 1,721,728 1,827,452 838,922 917,242 1,010,435 1,113,614 1,164,569 728,897 775,631 818,167 870,750 937,411 -216,029 -239,820 -249,370 -262,636 -274,528 1,515,742 1,560,484 1,601,116 1,652,458 1,701,842 1,102,133 1,139,294 1,158,261 1,205,541 1,251,689 629,638 661,010 692,225 709,553 724,681 -216,029 -239,820 -249,370 -262,636 -274,528 -163,952 -107,431 -21,884 69,270 125,610 -263,211 -222,052 -147,826 -91,927 -87,120 99,259 114,621 125,942 161,197 212,730 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 2,025,191 1,991,082 1,853,136 1,782,314 1,880,114 1,325,979 1,256,733 1,109,164 1,025,357 1,101,077 994,930 1,049,170 1,087,208 1,101,632 1,146,806 -295,718 -314,821 -343,236 -344,675 -367,769 1,788,950 1,862,846 2,010,894 2,159,899 2,292,841 1,324,350 1,357,246 1,469,320 1,581,334 1,706,442 760,318 820,421 884,810 923,240 954,168 -295,718 -314,821 -343,236 -344,675 -367,769 236,241 128,236 -157,758 -377,585 -412,727 1,629 -100,513 -360,156 -555,977 -605,365 234,612 228,749 202,398 178,392 192,638 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 2,153,611 2,406,869 2,567,985 2,523,991 2,104,989 1,310,397 1,517,766 1,661,404 1,571,828 1,166,960 1,248,093 1,361,411 1,424,386 1,500,077 1,531,434 -404,879 -472,308 -517,805 -547,914 -593,405 2,471,957 2,655,050 2,728,686 2,982,544 3,517,677 1,865,490 2,055,037 2,070,799 2,296,449 2,706,938 1,011,346 1,072,321 1,175,692 1,234,009 1,404,144 -404,879 -472,308 -517,805 -547,914 -593,405 -318,346 -248,181 -160,701 -458,553 -1,412,688 -555,093 -537,271 -409,395 -724,621 -1,539,978 236,747 289,090 248,694 266,068 127,290 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... 2,162,706 2,303,466 2,449,990 2,775,105 3,021,491 1,248,560 1,431,513 1,545,686 1,769,333 1,937,314 1,610,887 1,623,196 1,621,949 1,672,939 1,745,463 -696,741 -751,243 -717,645 -667,167 -661,286 3,457,079 3,603,065 3,536,945 3,454,647 3,506,091 2,666,265 2,828,262 2,722,505 2,535,262 2,550,462 1,487,555 1,526,046 1,532,085 1,586,552 1,616,915 -696,741 -751,243 -717,645 -667,167 -661,286 -1,294,373 -1,299,599 -1,086,955 -679,542 -484,600 -1,417,705 -1,396,749 -1,176,819 -765,929 -613,148 123,332 97,150 89,864 86,387 128,548 2015 ............................... 2016 ............................... 2017 estimate ................ 2018 estimate ................ 2019 estimate ................ 3,249,887 3,267,961 3,459,708 3,654,292 3,813,661 2,122,606 2,089,886 2,219,501 2,363,572 2,470,100 1,783,741 1,944,157 1,964,550 2,032,711 2,112,097 -656,460 -766,082 -724,343 -741,991 -768,536 3,688,383 3,852,612 4,062,223 4,094,450 4,339,564 2,672,671 2,859,283 2,972,425 2,979,110 3,096,821 1,672,172 1,759,411 1,814,141 1,857,331 2,011,279 -656,460 -766,082 -724,343 -741,991 -768,536 -438,496 -584,651 -602,515 -440,158 -525,903 -550,065 -769,397 -752,924 -615,538 -626,721 111,569 184,746 150,409 175,380 100,818 2020 estimate ................ 2021 estimate ................ 2022 estimate ................ 3,982,126 4,160,885 4,390,081 2,579,889 2,693,816 2,847,185 2,210,014 2,318,323 2,439,120 -807,777 -851,254 -896,224 4,470,079 4,616,682 4,831,744 3,137,695 3,205,315 3,289,074 2,140,161 2,262,621 2,438,894 -807,777 -851,254 -896,224 -487,953 -455,797 -441,663 -557,806 -511,499 -441,889 69,853 55,702 226 Note: Receipts and outlays have been adjusted in this table by including interfund offsetting receipts of federal funds and trust funds in each fund's receipt totals and excluding them from the outlay totals. Table 2.1—RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934–2022 (in millions of dollars) Fiscal Year 1934 ........................................................ Individual Income Taxes Corporate Income 1 Taxes Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts 2 Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) Excise Taxes 2 Other Total Receipts 3 Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) 420 364 30 (30) .......... 1,354 788 2,955 (2,955) .......... 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 527 674 1,092 1,286 1,029 529 719 1,038 1,287 1,127 31 52 580 1,541 1,593 (31) (52) (315) (1,154) (1,090) .......... .......... (265) (387) (503) 1,439 1,631 1,876 1,863 1,871 1,084 847 801 773 675 3,609 3,923 5,387 6,751 6,295 (3,609) (3,923) (5,122) (6,364) (5,792) .......... .......... (265) (387) (503) 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 892 1,314 3,263 6,505 19,705 1,197 2,124 4,719 9,557 14,838 1,785 1,940 2,452 3,044 3,473 (1,235) (1,252) (1,557) (1,913) (2,181) (550) (688) (896) (1,130) (1,292) 1,977 2,552 3,399 4,096 4,759 698 781 801 800 972 6,548 8,712 14,634 24,001 43,747 (5,998) (8,024) (13,738) (22,871) (42,455) (550) (688) (896) (1,130) (1,292) 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 18,372 16,098 17,935 19,315 15,552 15,988 11,883 8,615 9,678 11,192 3,451 3,115 3,422 3,751 3,781 (2,141) (1,877) (1,963) (2,134) (2,091) (1,310) (1,238) (1,459) (1,616) (1,690) 6,265 6,998 7,211 7,356 7,502 1,083 1,202 1,331 1,461 1,388 45,159 39,296 38,514 41,560 39,415 (43,849) (38,057) (37,055) (39,944) (37,724) (1,310) (1,238) (1,459) (1,616) (1,690) 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 15,755 21,616 27,934 29,816 29,542 10,449 14,101 21,226 21,238 21,101 4,338 5,674 6,445 6,820 7,208 (2,232) (2,554) (2,851) (2,723) (2,619) (2,106) (3,120) (3,594) (4,097) (4,589) 7,550 8,648 8,852 9,877 9,945 1,351 1,578 1,710 1,857 1,905 39,443 51,616 66,167 69,608 69,701 (37,336) (48,496) (62,573) (65,511) (65,112) (2,106) (3,120) (3,594) (4,097) (4,589) 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 28,747 32,188 35,620 34,724 36,719 17,861 20,880 21,167 20,074 17,309 7,862 9,320 9,997 11,239 11,722 (2,781) (2,896) (3,208) (3,190) (3,427) (5,081) (6,425) (6,789) (8,049) (8,296) 9,131 9,929 10,534 10,638 10,578 1,850 2,270 2,672 2,961 2,921 65,451 74,587 79,990 79,636 79,249 (60,370) (68,162) (73,201) (71,587) (70,953) (5,081) (6,425) (6,789) (8,049) (8,296) 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 40,715 41,338 45,571 47,588 48,697 21,494 20,954 20,523 21,579 23,493 14,683 16,439 17,046 19,804 21,963 (4,042) (4,331) (4,776) (5,629) (5,597) (10,641) (12,109) (12,271) (14,175) (16,366) 11,676 11,860 12,534 13,194 13,731 3,923 3,796 4,001 4,395 4,731 92,492 94,388 99,676 106,560 112,613 (81,851) (82,279) (87,405) (92,385) (96,248) (10,641) (12,109) (12,271) (14,175) (16,366) 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 48,792 55,446 61,526 68,726 87,249 25,461 30,073 33,971 28,665 36,678 22,242 25,546 32,619 33,923 39,015 (5,519) (6,460) (8,217) (9,007) (10,062) (16,723) (19,085) (24,401) (24,917) (28,953) 14,570 13,062 13,719 14,079 15,222 5,753 6,708 6,987 7,580 8,718 116,817 130,835 148,822 152,973 186,882 (100,094) (111,749) (124,420) (128,056) (157,928) (16,723) (19,085) (24,401) (24,917) (28,953) 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 90,412 86,230 94,737 103,246 118,952 32,829 26,785 32,166 36,153 38,620 44,362 47,325 52,574 63,115 75,071 (10,903) (11,481) (12,667) (17,031) (21,146) (33,459) (35,845) (39,907) (46,084) (53,925) 15,705 16,614 15,477 16,260 16,844 9,499 10,185 12,355 12,026 13,737 192,807 187,139 207,309 230,799 263,224 (159,348) (151,294) (167,402) (184,715) (209,299) (33,459) (35,845) (39,907) (46,084) (53,925) 1975 ........................................................ 1976 ........................................................ TQ ........................................................... 1977 ........................................................ 1978 ........................................................ 1979 ........................................................ 122,386 131,603 38,801 157,626 180,988 217,841 40,621 41,409 8,460 54,892 59,952 65,677 84,534 90,769 25,219 106,485 120,967 138,939 (22,077) (24,381) (7,203) (29,668) (35,576) (40,945) (62,458) (66,389) (18,016) (76,817) (85,391) (97,994) 16,551 16,963 4,473 17,548 18,376 18,745 14,998 17,317 4,279 19,008 19,278 22,101 279,090 298,060 81,232 355,559 399,561 463,302 (216,633) (231,671) (63,216) (278,741) (314,169) (365,309) (62,458) (66,389) (18,016) (76,817) (85,391) (97,994) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 244,069 285,917 297,744 288,938 298,415 64,600 61,137 49,207 37,022 56,893 157,803 182,720 201,498 208,994 239,376 (44,594) (52,545) (58,031) (61,674) (73,301) (113,209) (130,176) (143,467) (147,320) (166,075) 24,329 40,839 36,311 35,300 37,361 26,311 28,659 33,006 30,309 34,392 517,112 599,272 617,766 600,562 666,438 (403,903) (469,097) (474,299) (453,242) (500,363) (113,209) (130,176) (143,467) (147,320) (166,075) 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 334,531 348,959 392,557 401,181 445,690 61,331 63,143 83,926 94,508 103,291 265,163 283,901 303,318 334,335 359,416 (78,992) (83,673) (89,916) (92,845) (95,751) (186,170) (200,228) (213,401) (241,491) (263,665) 35,992 32,919 32,457 35,227 34,386 37,020 40,233 42,029 43,987 48,321 734,037 769,155 854,287 909,238 991,104 (547,866) (568,927) (640,886) (667,747) (727,439) (186,170) (200,228) (213,401) (241,491) (263,665) See footnotes at end of table. Table 2.1—RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Fiscal Year Individual Income Taxes Corporate Income 1 Taxes Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts 2 Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) Excise Taxes 2 Other Total Receipts 3 Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 466,884 467,827 475,964 509,680 543,055 93,507 98,086 100,270 117,520 140,385 380,047 396,015 413,688 428,299 461,475 (98,392) (102,131) (111,263) (116,366) (126,450) (281,655) (293,884) (302,426) (311,934) (335,026) 35,345 42,402 45,569 48,057 55,225 56,174 50,657 55,717 50,778 58,427 1,031,958 1,054,988 1,091,208 1,154,334 1,258,566 (750,302) (761,103) (788,783) (842,401) (923,541) (281,655) (293,884) (302,426) (311,934) (335,026) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 590,244 656,417 737,466 828,586 879,480 157,004 171,824 182,293 188,677 184,680 484,473 509,414 539,371 571,831 611,833 (133,394) (141,922) (147,381) (156,032) (167,365) (351,079) (367,492) (391,990) (415,799) (444,468) 57,484 54,014 56,924 57,673 70,414 62,585 61,384 63,178 74,961 81,045 1,351,790 1,453,053 1,579,232 1,721,728 1,827,452 (1,000,711) (1,085,561) (1,187,242) (1,305,929) (1,382,984) (351,079) (367,492) (391,990) (415,799) (444,468) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 1,004,462 994,339 858,345 793,699 808,959 207,289 151,075 148,044 131,778 189,371 652,852 693,967 700,760 712,978 733,407 (172,268) (186,448) (185,439) (189,136) (198,662) (480,584) (507,519) (515,321) (523,842) (534,745) 68,865 66,232 66,989 67,524 69,855 91,723 85,469 78,998 76,335 78,522 2,025,191 1,991,082 1,853,136 1,782,314 1,880,114 (1,544,607) (1,483,563) (1,337,815) (1,258,472) (1,345,369) (480,584) (507,519) (515,321) (523,842) (534,745) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 927,222 1,043,908 1,163,472 1,145,747 915,308 278,282 353,915 370,243 304,346 138,229 794,125 837,821 869,607 900,155 890,917 (216,649) (229,439) (234,518) (242,109) (236,908) (577,476) (608,382) (635,089) (658,046) (654,009) 73,094 73,961 65,069 67,334 62,483 80,888 97,264 99,594 106,409 98,052 2,153,611 2,406,869 2,567,985 2,523,991 2,104,989 (1,576,135) (1,798,487) (1,932,896) (1,865,945) (1,450,980) (577,476) (608,382) (635,089) (658,046) (654,009) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 898,549 1,091,473 1,132,206 1,316,405 1,394,568 191,437 181,085 242,289 273,506 320,731 864,814 818,792 845,314 947,820 1,023,458 (233,127) (253,004) (275,813) (274,546) (287,893) (631,687) (565,788) (569,501) (673,274) (735,565) 66,909 72,381 79,061 84,007 93,368 140,997 139,735 151,120 153,367 189,366 2,162,706 2,303,466 2,449,990 2,775,105 3,021,491 (1,531,019) (1,737,678) (1,880,489) (2,101,831) (2,285,926) (631,687) (565,788) (569,501) (673,274) (735,565) 2015 ........................................................ 2016 ........................................................ 2017 estimate ......................................... 2018 estimate ......................................... 2019 estimate ......................................... 1,540,802 1,546,075 1,659,940 1,836,070 1,935,320 343,797 299,571 323,614 354,926 374,794 1,065,257 1,115,065 1,174,680 1,224,299 1,276,997 (294,885) (304,885) (317,267) (332,145) (345,721) (770,372) (810,180) (857,413) (892,154) (931,276) 98,279 95,026 86,981 106,181 107,293 201,752 212,224 214,493 132,816 119,257 3,249,887 3,267,961 3,459,708 3,654,292 3,813,661 (2,479,515) (2,457,781) (2,602,295) (2,762,138) (2,882,385) (770,372) (810,180) (857,413) (892,154) (931,276) 2020 estimate ......................................... 2021 estimate ......................................... 2022 estimate ......................................... 2,044,158 2,166,687 2,292,938 401,203 400,451 414,421 1,334,574 1,412,598 1,488,333 (362,756) (385,797) (407,074) (971,818) (1,026,801) (1,081,259) 109,766 99,290 101,338 92,425 81,859 93,051 3,982,126 4,160,885 4,390,081 (3,010,308) (3,134,084) (3,308,822) (971,818) (1,026,801) (1,081,259) 1 Beginning in 1987, includes trust fund receipts for the hazardous substance superfund. In 1989 and 1990, includes trust fund receipts for the supplementary medical insurance trust fund. 2 See Table 2.4 for additional details. 3 See Table 2.5 for additional details. Table 2.2—PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934–2022 Fiscal Year Individual Corporation Income Taxes Income Taxes Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) Excise Taxes Total Receipts Other Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) 1934 ........................................................ 14.2 12.3 1.0 (1.0) .......... 45.8 26.7 100.0 (100.0) .......... 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 14.6 17.2 20.3 19.1 16.3 14.7 18.3 19.3 19.1 17.9 0.9 1.3 10.8 22.8 25.3 (0.9) (1.3) (5.9) (17.1) (17.3) .......... .......... (4.9) (5.7) (8.0) 39.9 41.6 34.8 27.6 29.7 30.0 21.6 14.9 11.5 10.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (100.0) (100.0) (95.1) (94.3) (92.0) .......... .......... (4.9) (5.7) (8.0) 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 13.6 15.1 22.3 27.1 45.0 18.3 24.4 32.2 39.8 33.9 27.3 22.3 16.8 12.7 7.9 (18.9) (14.4) (10.6) (8.0) (5.0) (8.4) (7.9) (6.1) (4.7) (3.0) 30.2 29.3 23.2 17.1 10.9 10.7 9.0 5.5 3.3 2.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (91.6) (92.1) (93.9) (95.3) (97.0) (8.4) (7.9) (6.1) (4.7) (3.0) 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 40.7 41.0 46.6 46.5 39.5 35.4 30.2 22.4 23.3 28.4 7.6 7.9 8.9 9.0 9.6 (4.7) (4.8) (5.1) (5.1) (5.3) (2.9) (3.2) (3.8) (3.9) (4.3) 13.9 17.8 18.7 17.7 19.0 2.4 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (97.1) (96.8) (96.2) (96.1) (95.7) (2.9) (3.2) (3.8) (3.9) (4.3) 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 39.9 41.9 42.2 42.8 42.4 26.5 27.3 32.1 30.5 30.3 11.0 11.0 9.7 9.8 10.3 (5.7) (4.9) (4.3) (3.9) (3.8) (5.3) (6.0) (5.4) (5.9) (6.6) 19.1 16.8 13.4 14.2 14.3 3.4 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (94.7) (94.0) (94.6) (94.1) (93.4) (5.3) (6.0) (5.4) (5.9) (6.6) 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 43.9 43.2 44.5 43.6 46.3 27.3 28.0 26.5 25.2 21.8 12.0 12.5 12.5 14.1 14.8 (4.2) (3.9) (4.0) (4.0) (4.3) (7.8) (8.6) (8.5) (10.1) (10.5) 14.0 13.3 13.2 13.4 13.3 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (92.2) (91.4) (91.5) (89.9) (89.5) (7.8) (8.6) (8.5) (10.1) (10.5) 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 44.0 43.8 45.7 44.7 43.2 23.2 22.2 20.6 20.3 20.9 15.9 17.4 17.1 18.6 19.5 (4.4) (4.6) (4.8) (5.3) (5.0) (11.5) (12.8) (12.3) (13.3) (14.5) 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.4 12.2 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (88.5) (87.2) (87.7) (86.7) (85.5) (11.5) (12.8) (12.3) (13.3) (14.5) 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 41.8 42.4 41.3 44.9 46.7 21.8 23.0 22.8 18.7 19.6 19.0 19.5 21.9 22.2 20.9 (4.7) (4.9) (5.5) (5.9) (5.4) (14.3) (14.6) (16.4) (16.3) (15.5) 12.5 10.0 9.2 9.2 8.1 4.9 5.1 4.7 5.0 4.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (85.7) (85.4) (83.6) (83.7) (84.5) (14.3) (14.6) (16.4) (16.3) (15.5) 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 46.9 46.1 45.7 44.7 45.2 17.0 14.3 15.5 15.7 14.7 23.0 25.3 25.4 27.3 28.5 (5.7) (6.1) (6.1) (7.4) (8.0) (17.4) (19.2) (19.2) (20.0) (20.5) 8.1 8.9 7.5 7.0 6.4 4.9 5.4 6.0 5.2 5.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (82.6) (80.8) (80.8) (80.0) (79.5) (17.4) (19.2) (19.2) (20.0) (20.5) 1975 ........................................................ 1976 ........................................................ TQ ........................................................... 1977 ........................................................ 1978 ........................................................ 1979 ........................................................ 43.9 44.2 47.8 44.3 45.3 47.0 14.6 13.9 10.4 15.4 15.0 14.2 30.3 30.5 31.0 29.9 30.3 30.0 (7.9) (8.2) (8.9) (8.3) (8.9) (8.8) (22.4) (22.3) (22.2) (21.6) (21.4) (21.2) 5.9 5.7 5.5 4.9 4.6 4.0 5.4 5.8 5.3 5.3 4.8 4.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (77.6) (77.7) (77.8) (78.4) (78.6) (78.8) (22.4) (22.3) (22.2) (21.6) (21.4) (21.2) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 47.2 47.7 48.2 48.1 44.8 12.5 10.2 8.0 6.2 8.5 30.5 30.5 32.6 34.8 35.9 (8.6) (8.8) (9.4) (10.3) (11.0) (21.9) (21.7) (23.2) (24.5) (24.9) 4.7 6.8 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.1 4.8 5.3 5.0 5.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (78.1) (78.3) (76.8) (75.5) (75.1) (21.9) (21.7) (23.2) (24.5) (24.9) 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 45.6 45.4 46.0 44.1 45.0 8.4 8.2 9.8 10.4 10.4 36.1 36.9 35.5 36.8 36.3 (10.8) (10.9) (10.5) (10.2) (9.7) (25.4) (26.0) (25.0) (26.6) (26.6) 4.9 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.5 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (74.6) (74.0) (75.0) (73.4) (73.4) (25.4) (26.0) (25.0) (26.6) (26.6) 1990 ........................................................ 1991 ........................................................ 45.2 44.3 9.1 9.3 36.8 37.5 (9.5) (9.7) (27.3) (27.9) 3.4 4.0 5.4 4.8 100.0 100.0 (72.7) (72.1) (27.3) (27.9) Table 2.2—PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934–2022—Continued Fiscal Year Individual Corporation Income Taxes Income Taxes Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) Excise Taxes Total Receipts Other Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) 1992 ........................................................ 1993 ........................................................ 1994 ........................................................ 43.6 44.2 43.1 9.2 10.2 11.2 37.9 37.1 36.7 (10.2) (10.1) (10.0) (27.7) (27.0) (26.6) 4.2 4.2 4.4 5.1 4.4 4.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 (72.3) (73.0) (73.4) (27.7) (27.0) (26.6) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 43.7 45.2 46.7 48.1 48.1 11.6 11.8 11.5 11.0 10.1 35.8 35.1 34.2 33.2 33.5 (9.9) (9.8) (9.3) (9.1) (9.2) (26.0) (25.3) (24.8) (24.2) (24.3) 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.9 4.6 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (74.0) (74.7) (75.2) (75.8) (75.7) (26.0) (25.3) (24.8) (24.2) (24.3) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 49.6 49.9 46.3 44.5 43.0 10.2 7.6 8.0 7.4 10.1 32.2 34.9 37.8 40.0 39.0 (8.5) (9.4) (10.0) (10.6) (10.6) (23.7) (25.5) (27.8) (29.4) (28.4) 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.7 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (76.3) (74.5) (72.2) (70.6) (71.6) (23.7) (25.5) (27.8) (29.4) (28.4) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 43.1 43.4 45.3 45.4 43.5 12.9 14.7 14.4 12.1 6.6 36.9 34.8 33.9 35.7 42.3 (10.1) (9.5) (9.1) (9.6) (11.3) (26.8) (25.3) (24.7) (26.1) (31.1) 3.4 3.1 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (73.2) (74.7) (75.3) (73.9) (68.9) (26.8) (25.3) (24.7) (26.1) (31.1) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 41.5 47.4 46.2 47.4 46.2 8.9 7.9 9.9 9.9 10.6 40.0 35.5 34.5 34.2 33.9 (10.8) (11.0) (11.3) (9.9) (9.5) (29.2) (24.6) (23.2) (24.3) (24.3) 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1 6.5 6.1 6.2 5.5 6.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (70.8) (75.4) (76.8) (75.7) (75.7) (29.2) (24.6) (23.2) (24.3) (24.3) 2015 ........................................................ 2016 ........................................................ 2017 estimate ......................................... 2018 estimate ......................................... 2019 estimate ......................................... 47.4 47.3 48.0 50.2 50.7 10.6 9.2 9.4 9.7 9.8 32.8 34.1 34.0 33.5 33.5 (9.1) (9.3) (9.2) (9.1) (9.1) (23.7) (24.8) (24.8) (24.4) (24.4) 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.9 2.8 6.2 6.5 6.2 3.6 3.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (76.3) (75.2) (75.2) (75.6) (75.6) (23.7) (24.8) (24.8) (24.4) (24.4) 2020 estimate ......................................... 2021 estimate ......................................... 2022 estimate ......................................... 51.3 52.1 52.2 10.1 9.6 9.4 33.5 33.9 33.9 (9.1) (9.3) (9.3) (24.4) (24.7) (24.6) 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 (75.6) (75.3) (75.4) (24.4) (24.7) (24.6) Table 2.3—RECEIPTS BY SOURCE AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1934–2022 Fiscal Year Individual Corporation Income Taxes Income Taxes Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) Excise Taxes Total Receipts Other Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) 1934 ........................................................ 0.7 0.6 * (*) .......... 2.2 1.3 4.8 (4.8) .......... 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.2 * 0.1 0.7 1.7 1.8 (*) (0.1) (0.4) (1.3) (1.2) .......... .......... (0.3) (0.4) (0.6) 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.7 5.1 4.9 6.1 7.5 7.0 (5.1) (4.9) (5.8) (7.1) (6.4) .......... .......... (0.3) (0.4) (0.6) 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 0.9 1.1 2.2 3.5 9.2 1.2 1.8 3.2 5.2 6.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 (1.3) (1.1) (1.1) (1.0) (1.0) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6) 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 6.7 7.5 9.9 13.0 20.5 (6.1) (6.9) (9.3) (12.4) (19.9) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6) 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 8.1 7.1 7.5 7.4 5.6 7.1 5.2 3.6 3.7 4.0 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 (0.9) (0.8) (0.8) (0.8) (0.8) (0.6) (0.5) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6) 2.8 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 19.9 17.2 16.1 15.8 14.2 (19.4) (16.7) (15.5) (15.2) (13.6) (0.6) (0.5) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6) 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 5.6 6.6 7.8 7.8 7.6 3.7 4.3 5.9 5.6 5.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 (0.8) (0.8) (0.8) (0.7) (0.7) (0.8) (1.0) (1.0) (1.1) (1.2) 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 14.1 15.8 18.5 18.2 18.0 (13.4) (14.8) (17.5) (17.1) (16.8) (0.8) (1.0) (1.0) (1.1) (1.2) 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 7.1 7.3 7.7 7.3 7.3 4.4 4.8 4.6 4.2 3.4 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 (0.7) (0.7) (0.7) (0.7) (0.7) (1.2) (1.5) (1.5) (1.7) (1.6) 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 16.1 17.0 17.2 16.8 15.7 (14.8) (15.5) (15.8) (15.1) (14.0) (1.2) (1.5) (1.5) (1.7) (1.6) 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 7.6 7.5 7.8 7.7 7.3 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.3 (0.8) (0.8) (0.8) (0.9) (0.8) (2.0) (2.2) (2.1) (2.3) (2.5) 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 17.3 17.2 17.0 17.2 17.0 (15.3) (15.0) (14.9) (14.9) (14.5) (2.0) (2.2) (2.1) (2.3) (2.5) 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.6 8.9 3.6 3.8 4.1 3.2 3.7 3.1 3.3 3.9 3.8 4.0 (0.8) (0.8) (1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (2.4) (2.4) (2.9) (2.8) (2.9) 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 16.4 16.7 17.8 17.0 19.0 (14.1) (14.3) (14.8) (14.2) (16.1) (2.4) (2.4) (2.9) (2.8) (2.9) 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 8.6 7.7 7.8 7.6 8.0 3.1 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.6 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.7 5.1 (1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (1.3) (1.4) (3.2) (3.2) (3.3) (3.4) (3.6) 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 18.4 16.7 17.0 17.0 17.7 (15.2) (13.5) (13.7) (13.6) (14.1) (3.2) (3.2) (3.3) (3.4) (3.6) 1975 ........................................................ 1976 ........................................................ TQ ........................................................... 1977 ........................................................ 1978 ........................................................ 1979 ........................................................ 7.6 7.4 8.2 7.8 7.9 8.5 2.5 2.3 1.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.4 (1.4) (1.4) (1.5) (1.5) (1.6) (1.6) (3.9) (3.7) (3.8) (3.8) (3.7) (3.8) 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 17.3 16.6 17.2 17.5 17.5 18.0 (13.5) (12.9) (13.4) (13.7) (13.8) (14.2) (3.9) (3.7) (3.8) (3.8) (3.7) (3.8) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 8.7 9.1 9.0 8.2 7.5 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.0 1.4 5.6 5.8 6.1 5.9 6.1 (1.6) (1.7) (1.8) (1.7) (1.9) (4.0) (4.1) (4.3) (4.2) (4.2) 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 18.5 19.1 18.6 17.0 16.9 (14.4) (14.9) (14.3) (12.8) (12.7) (4.0) (4.1) (4.3) (4.2) (4.2) 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 7.8 7.7 8.2 7.8 8.0 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.9 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.5 (1.8) (1.8) (1.9) (1.8) (1.7) (4.4) (4.4) (4.5) (4.7) (4.7) 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 17.2 17.0 17.9 17.6 17.8 (12.8) (12.5) (13.4) (13.0) (13.1) (4.4) (4.4) (4.5) (4.7) (4.7) 1990 ........................................................ 1991 ........................................................ 7.9 7.7 1.6 1.6 6.4 6.5 (1.7) (1.7) (4.8) (4.8) 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8 17.4 17.3 (12.7) (12.5) (4.8) (4.8) See footnote at end of table. Table 2.3—RECEIPTS BY SOURCE AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1934–2022—Continued Fiscal Year Individual Corporation Income Taxes Income Taxes Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) Excise Taxes Total Receipts Other Total (On-Budget) (Off-Budget) 1992 ........................................................ 1993 ........................................................ 1994 ........................................................ 7.4 7.5 7.5 1.6 1.7 2.0 6.4 6.3 6.4 (1.7) (1.7) (1.8) (4.7) (4.6) (4.7) 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 17.0 17.0 17.5 (12.3) (12.4) (12.8) (4.7) (4.6) (4.7) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 7.8 8.2 8.7 9.3 9.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 (1.8) (1.8) (1.7) (1.7) (1.8) (4.6) (4.6) (4.6) (4.6) (4.7) 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 17.8 18.2 18.6 19.2 19.2 (13.2) (13.6) (14.0) (14.6) (14.5) (4.6) (4.6) (4.6) (4.6) (4.7) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 9.9 9.4 7.9 7.0 6.7 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.6 6.4 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.1 (1.7) (1.8) (1.7) (1.7) (1.6) (4.7) (4.8) (4.7) (4.6) (4.4) 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 20.0 18.8 17.0 15.7 15.6 (15.2) (14.0) (12.3) (11.1) (11.1) (4.7) (4.8) (4.7) (4.6) (4.4) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 7.2 7.6 8.1 7.8 6.3 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.1 1.0 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 (1.7) (1.7) (1.6) (1.6) (1.6) (4.5) (4.4) (4.4) (4.5) (4.5) 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 16.7 17.6 17.9 17.1 14.6 (12.2) (13.1) (13.5) (12.6) (10.1) (4.5) (4.4) (4.4) (4.5) (4.5) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ 6.1 7.1 7.1 8.0 8.1 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.9 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.7 5.9 (1.6) (1.6) (1.7) (1.7) (1.7) (4.3) (3.7) (3.6) (4.1) (4.3) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 14.6 15.0 15.3 16.8 17.5 (10.3) (11.3) (11.7) (12.7) (13.3) (4.3) (3.7) (3.6) (4.1) (4.3) 2015 ........................................................ 2016 ........................................................ 2017 estimate ......................................... 2018 estimate ......................................... 2019 estimate ......................................... 8.6 8.4 8.7 9.2 9.2 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 (1.6) (1.7) (1.7) (1.7) (1.7) (4.3) (4.4) (4.5) (4.5) (4.4) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.6 18.2 17.8 18.1 18.3 18.2 (13.8) (13.4) (13.6) (13.8) (13.8) (4.3) (4.4) (4.5) (4.5) (4.4) 2020 estimate ......................................... 2021 estimate ......................................... 2022 estimate ......................................... 9.3 9.4 9.5 1.8 1.7 1.7 6.1 6.1 6.1 (1.7) (1.7) (1.7) (4.4) (4.4) (4.5) 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 18.1 18.0 18.1 (13.7) (13.6) (13.6) (4.4) (4.4) (4.5) * 0.05 percent or less. Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2022 (in millions of dollars) 1940 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance: Federal funds .................................................................................... Trust funds (Off-Budget) ................................................................... Railroad retirement/pension fund: Federal funds .................................................................................... Trust funds ........................................................................................ 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 54 550 2 688 -1 896 -1 1,130 -2 1,292 -3 1,310 -3 1,238 -5 1,459 -5 1,616 1 120 23 114 29 141 -6 215 4 263 -24 309 -10 292 82 298 -201 758 .......................................................................................... 725 827 1,064 1,338 1,557 1,592 1,517 1,835 2,168 Unemployment insurance: Federal funds ......................................................................................... Trust funds ............................................................................................. 111 904 103 953 126 1,172 167 1,310 190 1,454 194 1,375 190 1,126 196 1,133 206 1,138 Total 1 Total ............................................................................................. 1,015 1,056 1,299 1,477 1,644 1,568 1,316 1,329 1,343 Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share ................................. Non-Federal employees retirement ....................................................... 44 1 56 1 88 1 227 2 270 2 289 2 280 2 256 3 236 3 Total ............................................................................................. 45 57 89 229 272 291 282 259 239 .................... 1,785 1,940 2,452 3,044 3,473 3,451 3,115 3,422 3,751 Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol ................................................................................................... Tobacco ................................................................................................. Other ...................................................................................................... 623 606 748 818 691 1,043 1,046 779 1,573 1,422 913 1,760 1,604 986 2,169 2,275 929 3,061 2,490 1,156 3,352 2,429 1,231 3,551 2,217 1,297 3,842 Total ............................................................................................. 1,977 2,552 3,399 4,096 4,759 6,265 6,998 7,211 7,356 Total, Excise Taxes ...................................................................... 1,977 2,552 3,399 4,096 4,759 6,265 6,998 7,211 7,356 Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts See footnotes at end of table. 1 Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) 1949 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance: Federal funds .................................................................................... Trust funds (Off-Budget) ................................................................... Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ........................................................... Railroad retirement/pension fund: Federal funds .................................................................................... Trust funds ........................................................................................ 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 -8 1,690 .......... -8 2,106 .......... -10 3,120 .......... -14 3,594 .......... .......... 4,097 .......... .......... 4,589 .......... 300 5,081 .......... .......... 6,425 .......... .......... 6,457 332 -11 574 -* 550 3 575 * 735 * 625 -* 603 * 600 * 634 .......... 616 .......................................................................................... 2,246 2,648 3,688 4,315 4,722 5,192 5,981 7,059 7,405 Unemployment insurance: Federal funds ......................................................................................... Trust funds ............................................................................................. 220 985 224 1,108 231 1,378 257 1,455 274 1,401 283 1,278 278 1,172 322 1,368 328 1,623 Total ............................................................................................. 1,205 1,332 1,609 1,712 1,675 1,561 1,449 1,690 1,950 Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share ................................. Non-Federal employees retirement ....................................................... 326 4 354 4 373 4 413 5 418 5 450 5 426 6 566 5 636 5 Total ............................................................................................. 330 358 377 418 423 455 431 571 642 .................... 3,781 4,338 5,674 6,445 6,820 7,208 7,862 9,320 9,997 Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol ................................................................................................... Tobacco ................................................................................................. Other ...................................................................................................... 2,168 1,319 4,015 2,180 1,326 4,044 2,508 1,378 4,761 2,515 1,562 4,775 2,723 1,652 5,501 2,738 1,578 5,630 2,689 1,568 4,874 2,866 1,607 5,455 2,915 1,669 4,472 Total ............................................................................................. 7,502 7,550 8,648 8,852 9,877 9,945 9,131 9,929 9,055 Trust funds: Transportation ........................................................................................ .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,479 Total ............................................................................................. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,479 Total, Excise Taxes ...................................................................... 7,502 7,550 8,648 8,852 9,877 9,945 9,131 9,929 10,534 Total 1 Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts See footnotes at end of table. 1 Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) 1958 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ...................................... Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ........................................................... Hospital insurance ................................................................................. Railroad retirement/pension fund .......................................................... 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 7,138 911 .......... 575 7,418 878 .......... 525 9,671 970 .......... 607 11,104 1,005 .......... 571 11,267 1,004 .......... 564 13,117 1,058 .......... 572 15,242 1,124 .......... 593 15,567 1,156 .......... 636 17,556 1,530 893 683 .......................................................................................... 8,624 8,821 11,248 12,679 12,835 14,746 16,959 17,358 20,662 Unemployment insurance: Federal funds ......................................................................................... Trust funds ............................................................................................. 333 1,601 321 1,810 339 2,329 .......... 2,903 .......... 3,337 .......... 4,112 .......... 3,997 .......... 3,803 .......... 3,755 Total ............................................................................................. 1,933 2,131 2,667 2,903 3,337 4,112 3,997 3,803 3,755 Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share ................................. Non-Federal employees retirement ....................................................... 673 9 760 10 758 10 845 12 863 12 933 13 992 15 1,064 16 1,111 18 Total ............................................................................................. 682 770 768 857 875 946 1,007 1,081 1,129 .................... 11,239 11,722 14,683 16,439 17,046 19,804 21,963 22,242 25,546 Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol ................................................................................................... Tobacco ................................................................................................. Other ...................................................................................................... 2,882 1,728 4,002 2,938 1,798 3,767 3,127 1,927 4,084 3,146 1,986 3,931 3,268 2,022 4,295 3,366 2,075 4,474 3,499 2,048 4,664 3,689 2,142 5,081 3,720 2,066 3,358 Total ............................................................................................. 8,612 8,504 9,137 9,063 9,585 9,915 10,211 10,911 9,145 Trust funds: Transportation ........................................................................................ 2,026 2,074 2,539 2,798 2,949 3,279 3,519 3,659 3,917 Total ............................................................................................. 2,026 2,074 2,539 2,798 2,949 3,279 3,519 3,659 3,917 Total, Excise Taxes ...................................................................... 10,638 10,578 11,676 11,860 12,534 13,194 13,731 14,570 13,062 Total 1 Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts See footnotes at end of table. 1 Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) 1967 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ...................................... Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ........................................................... Hospital insurance ................................................................................. Railroad retirement/pension fund .......................................................... 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 22,197 2,204 2,645 776 22,265 2,651 3,493 814 25,484 3,469 4,398 885 29,396 4,063 4,755 919 31,354 4,490 4,874 980 35,132 4,775 5,205 1,008 40,703 5,381 7,603 1,189 47,778 6,147 10,551 1,411 55,207 7,250 11,252 1,489 .......................................................................................... 27,823 29,224 34,236 39,133 41,699 46,120 54,876 65,888 75,199 Unemployment insurance: Trust funds ............................................................................................. 3,575 3,346 3,328 3,464 3,674 4,357 6,051 6,837 6,771 Total 1 Total ............................................................................................. 3,575 3,346 3,328 3,464 3,674 4,357 6,051 6,837 6,771 Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share ................................. Non-Federal employees retirement ....................................................... 1,202 19 1,334 20 1,426 24 1,735 29 1,916 37 2,058 39 2,146 41 2,302 45 2,513 52 Total ............................................................................................. 1,221 1,354 1,451 1,765 1,952 2,097 2,187 2,347 2,565 .................... 32,619 33,923 39,015 44,362 47,325 52,574 63,115 75,071 84,534 Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol ................................................................................................... Tobacco ................................................................................................. Other ...................................................................................................... 3,980 2,077 3,221 4,189 2,121 3,391 4,447 2,136 4,002 4,646 2,093 3,613 4,696 2,205 3,609 5,004 2,205 2,297 5,040 2,274 2,522 5,248 2,435 2,060 5,238 2,312 1,850 Total ............................................................................................. 9,278 9,700 10,585 10,352 10,510 9,506 9,836 9,743 9,400 Trust funds: Transportation ........................................................................................ Airport and airway .................................................................................. 4,441 .......... 4,379 .......... 4,637 .......... 5,354 .......... 5,542 563 5,322 649 5,665 758 6,260 840 6,188 962 Total ............................................................................................. 4,441 4,379 4,637 5,354 6,104 5,971 6,424 7,100 7,151 Total, Excise Taxes ...................................................................... 13,719 14,079 15,222 15,705 16,614 15,477 16,260 16,844 16,551 Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts See footnotes at end of table. 1 Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) 1976 Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ............................................................ Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ................................................................................. Hospital insurance ....................................................................................................... Railroad retirement/pension fund ................................................................................ TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 58,703 7,686 11,987 1,525 15,886 2,130 3,457 328 68,032 8,786 13,474 1,908 73,141 12,250 16,668 1,822 83,410 14,584 19,874 2,190 96,581 16,628 23,217 2,323 117,757 12,418 30,340 2,457 122,840 20,626 34,301 2,917 ................................................................................................................ 79,901 21,801 92,199 103,881 120,058 138,748 162,973 180,686 Unemployment insurance: Trust funds ................................................................................................................... 8,054 2,698 11,312 13,850 15,387 15,336 15,763 16,600 Total 1 Total ................................................................................................................... 8,054 2,698 11,312 13,850 15,387 15,336 15,763 16,600 Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share ....................................................... Non-Federal employees retirement ............................................................................. 2,760 54 707 13 2,915 59 3,174 62 3,428 66 3,660 59 3,908 76 4,140 72 Total ................................................................................................................... 2,814 720 2,974 3,237 3,494 3,719 3,984 4,212 .......................................... 90,769 25,219 106,485 120,967 138,939 157,803 182,720 201,498 Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol ......................................................................................................................... Tobacco ....................................................................................................................... Crude oil windfall profit ................................................................................................ Other ............................................................................................................................ 5,318 2,484 .......... 2,810 1,279 622 .......... 619 5,295 2,393 .......... 1,960 5,492 2,444 .......... 2,118 5,531 2,492 .......... 1,785 5,601 2,443 6,934 585 5,606 2,581 23,252 2,689 5,382 2,537 18,407 2,344 Total ................................................................................................................... 10,612 2,520 9,648 10,054 9,808 15,563 34,128 28,670 Trust funds: Transportation .............................................................................................................. Airport and airway ........................................................................................................ Black lung disability ..................................................................................................... Inland waterway ........................................................................................................... Hazardous substance superfund ................................................................................. 5,413 938 .......... .......... .......... 1,676 277 .......... .......... .......... 6,709 1,191 .......... .......... .......... 6,904 1,326 92 .......... .......... 7,189 1,526 222 .......... .......... 6,620 1,874 272 .......... .......... 6,305 21 237 20 128 6,744 133 491 30 244 Total ................................................................................................................... 6,351 1,953 7,900 8,323 8,937 8,766 6,711 7,641 Total, Excise Taxes ............................................................................................ 16,963 4,473 17,548 18,376 18,745 24,329 40,839 36,311 Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts See footnotes at end of table. 1 Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ............................................................ Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ................................................................................. Hospital insurance ....................................................................................................... Railroad retirement/pension fund ................................................................................ Railroad social security equivalent account ................................................................ Total 1 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 128,972 18,348 35,641 2,805 .......... 150,312 15,763 40,262 3,321 .......... 169,822 16,348 44,871 2,213 1,391 182,518 17,711 51,335 2,103 1,395 194,541 18,860 55,992 2,220 1,414 220,337 21,154 59,859 2,326 1,417 240,595 23,071 65,396 2,391 1,407 255,031 26,625 68,556 2,292 1,387 ................................................................................................................ 185,766 209,658 234,646 255,062 273,028 305,093 332,858 353,891 Unemployment insurance: Trust funds ................................................................................................................... 18,799 25,138 25,758 24,098 25,575 24,584 22,011 21,635 Total ................................................................................................................... 18,799 25,138 25,758 24,098 25,575 24,584 22,011 21,635 Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share ....................................................... Non-Federal employees retirement ............................................................................. 4,351 78 4,494 86 4,672 87 4,645 96 4,613 102 4,537 122 4,428 119 4,405 117 Total ................................................................................................................... 4,429 4,580 4,759 4,742 4,715 4,658 4,546 4,522 .......................................... 208,994 239,376 265,163 283,901 303,318 334,335 359,416 380,047 Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol ......................................................................................................................... Tobacco ....................................................................................................................... Crude oil windfall profit ................................................................................................ Telephone .................................................................................................................... Ozone depleting chemicals/products .......................................................................... Other ............................................................................................................................ 5,557 4,136 12,135 .......... .......... 2,258 5,315 4,660 8,906 2,035 .......... 1,363 5,562 4,779 6,348 2,147 .......... 261 5,828 4,589 2,251 2,339 .......... 1,046 5,971 4,763 .......... 2,522 .......... 1,588 5,709 4,616 .......... 2,610 .......... 3,250 5,661 4,378 .......... 2,791 .......... 317 5,695 4,081 .......... 2,995 360 2,460 Total ................................................................................................................... 24,086 22,279 19,097 16,053 14,844 16,185 13,147 15,591 Trust funds: Transportation .............................................................................................................. Airport and airway ........................................................................................................ Black lung disability ..................................................................................................... Inland waterway ........................................................................................................... Hazardous substance superfund ................................................................................. Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) ...................................................................... Oil spill liability ............................................................................................................. Aquatic resources ........................................................................................................ Leaking underground storage tank ............................................................................. Vaccine injury compensation ....................................................................................... 8,297 2,165 494 29 230 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 11,743 2,499 518 39 261 9 .......... 12 .......... .......... 13,015 2,851 581 40 273 7 .......... 126 .......... .......... 13,363 2,736 547 40 15 -* .......... 165 .......... .......... 13,032 3,060 572 48 635 -1 .......... 194 73 .......... 14,114 3,189 594 48 698 -9 .......... 208 125 74 15,628 3,664 563 47 883 -1 .......... 187 168 99 13,867 3,700 665 63 818 -1 143 218 122 159 Total ................................................................................................................... 11,214 15,082 16,894 16,866 17,613 19,042 21,239 19,754 Total, Excise Taxes ............................................................................................ 35,300 37,361 35,992 32,919 32,457 35,227 34,386 35,345 Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts See footnotes at end of table. 1 Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ............................................................ Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ................................................................................. Hospital insurance ....................................................................................................... Railroad retirement/pension fund ................................................................................ Railroad social security equivalent account ................................................................ Total 1 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 265,502 28,382 72,842 2,371 1,428 273,136 29,289 79,108 2,449 1,508 281,735 30,199 81,224 2,367 1,414 302,607 32,419 90,062 2,323 1,399 284,091 66,988 96,024 2,424 1,518 311,869 55,623 104,997 2,362 1,510 336,729 55,261 110,710 2,440 1,611 358,784 57,015 119,863 2,583 1,769 ................................................................................................................ 370,526 385,490 396,938 428,810 451,045 476,361 506,751 540,014 Unemployment insurance: Trust funds ................................................................................................................... 20,922 23,410 26,556 28,004 28,878 28,584 28,202 27,484 Total ................................................................................................................... 20,922 23,410 26,556 28,004 28,878 28,584 28,202 27,484 Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share ....................................................... Non-Federal employees retirement ............................................................................. 4,459 108 4,683 105 4,709 96 4,563 98 4,461 89 4,389 80 4,344 74 4,259 74 Total ................................................................................................................... 4,568 4,788 4,805 4,661 4,550 4,469 4,418 4,333 .......................................... 396,015 413,688 428,299 461,475 484,473 509,414 539,371 571,831 Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol ......................................................................................................................... Tobacco ....................................................................................................................... Telephone .................................................................................................................... Ozone depleting chemicals/products .......................................................................... Transportation fuels ..................................................................................................... Other ............................................................................................................................ 7,364 4,706 3,094 562 2,780 -231 8,011 5,049 3,146 637 3,512 1,481 7,583 5,875 3,320 854 3,340 3,550 7,539 5,691 3,526 761 9,402 4,307 7,216 5,878 3,794 616 8,491 946 7,220 5,795 4,234 320 7,468 410 7,257 5,873 4,543 130 7,107 2,921 7,215 5,657 4,910 98 589 3,196 Total ................................................................................................................... 18,275 21,836 24,522 31,226 26,941 25,447 27,831 21,665 Trust funds: Transportation .............................................................................................................. Airport and airway ........................................................................................................ Black lung disability ..................................................................................................... Inland waterway ........................................................................................................... Hazardous substance superfund ................................................................................. Oil spill liability ............................................................................................................. Aquatic resources ........................................................................................................ Leaking underground storage tank ............................................................................. Vaccine injury compensation ....................................................................................... 16,979 4,910 652 60 810 254 260 123 81 16,733 4,645 626 70 818 295 271 157 118 18,039 3,262 634 79 826 229 276 153 38 16,668 5,189 567 88 807 48 301 152 179 22,611 5,534 608 103 867 211 306 165 138 24,651 2,369 614 108 313 34 315 48 115 23,867 4,007 614 96 71 1 316 -2 123 26,628 8,111 636 91 .......... .......... 290 136 116 Total ................................................................................................................... 24,127 23,733 23,535 23,999 30,543 28,567 29,093 36,008 Total, Excise Taxes ............................................................................................ 42,402 45,569 48,057 55,225 57,484 54,014 56,924 57,673 Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts See footnotes at end of table. 1 Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ............................................................ Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ................................................................................. Hospital insurance ....................................................................................................... Railroad retirement/pension fund ................................................................................ Railroad social security equivalent account ................................................................ Total 1 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 383,559 60,909 132,268 2,629 1,515 411,677 68,907 135,529 2,688 1,650 434,057 73,462 149,651 2,658 1,614 440,541 74,780 149,049 2,525 1,652 447,806 76,036 147,186 2,333 1,620 457,120 77,625 150,589 2,297 1,729 493,646 83,830 166,068 2,284 1,836 520,069 88,313 177,429 2,338 1,894 ................................................................................................................ 580,880 620,451 661,442 668,547 674,981 689,360 747,664 790,043 Unemployment insurance: Trust funds ................................................................................................................... 26,480 27,640 27,812 27,619 33,366 39,453 42,002 43,420 Total ................................................................................................................... 26,480 27,640 27,812 27,619 33,366 39,453 42,002 43,420 Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share ....................................................... Non-Federal employees retirement ............................................................................. 4,400 73 4,691 70 4,647 66 4,533 61 4,578 53 4,543 51 4,409 50 4,308 50 Total ................................................................................................................... 4,473 4,761 4,713 4,594 4,631 4,594 4,459 4,358 .......................................... 611,833 652,852 693,967 700,760 712,978 733,407 794,125 837,821 Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol ......................................................................................................................... Tobacco ....................................................................................................................... Telephone .................................................................................................................... Ozone depleting chemicals/products .......................................................................... Transportation fuels ..................................................................................................... Other ............................................................................................................................ 7,386 5,400 5,185 105 849 368 8,140 7,221 5,670 125 819 717 7,624 7,396 5,769 32 1,150 2,315 7,764 8,274 5,829 .......... 814 1,336 7,893 7,934 5,788 .......... 920 1,269 8,105 7,926 5,997 .......... 1,381 1,157 8,111 7,920 6,047 .......... -770 1,239 8,484 7,710 4,897 .......... -2,386 3,755 Total ................................................................................................................... 19,293 22,692 24,286 24,017 23,804 24,566 22,547 22,460 Trust funds: Transportation .............................................................................................................. Airport and airway ........................................................................................................ Black lung disability ..................................................................................................... Inland waterway ........................................................................................................... Hazardous substance superfund ................................................................................. Oil spill liability ............................................................................................................. Aquatic resources ........................................................................................................ Leaking underground storage tank ............................................................................. Tobacco Assessments ................................................................................................. Vaccine injury compensation ....................................................................................... 39,299 10,391 596 104 11 .......... 374 216 .......... 130 34,972 9,739 518 101 2 182 342 184 .......... 133 31,469 9,191 522 113 2 .......... 358 179 .......... 112 32,603 9,031 567 95 .......... .......... 386 181 .......... 109 33,726 8,684 506 90 .......... .......... 392 184 .......... 138 34,711 9,174 566 91 .......... .......... 416 189 .......... 142 37,892 10,314 610 91 .......... .......... 429 189 899 123 38,542 10,426 607 81 .......... 54 519 197 891 184 Total ................................................................................................................... 51,121 46,173 41,946 42,972 43,720 45,289 50,547 51,501 Total, Excise Taxes ............................................................................................ 70,414 68,865 66,232 66,989 67,524 69,855 73,094 73,961 Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts See footnotes at end of table. 1 Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ............................................................ Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ................................................................................. Hospital insurance ....................................................................................................... Railroad retirement/pension fund ................................................................................ Railroad social security equivalent account ................................................................ Total 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 542,901 92,188 184,908 2,309 1,952 562,519 95,527 193,980 2,404 2,029 559,067 94,942 190,663 2,301 1,912 539,996 91,691 180,068 2,285 1,854 483,683 82,105 188,490 2,415 1,823 486,783 82,718 201,143 2,519 1,764 575,555 97,719 209,270 2,791 2,110 628,792 106,773 224,107 3,032 2,325 ................................................................................................................ 824,258 856,459 848,885 815,894 758,516 774,927 887,445 965,029 Unemployment insurance: Trust funds ................................................................................................................... 41,091 39,527 37,889 44,823 56,241 66,647 56,811 54,957 Total ................................................................................................................... 41,091 39,527 37,889 44,823 56,241 66,647 56,811 54,957 Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share ....................................................... Non-Federal employees retirement ............................................................................. 4,207 51 4,125 44 4,105 38 4,062 35 4,005 30 3,712 28 3,538 26 3,446 26 Total ................................................................................................................... 4,258 4,169 4,143 4,097 4,035 3,740 3,564 3,472 .......................................... 869,607 900,155 890,917 864,814 818,792 845,314 947,820 1,023,458 Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol ......................................................................................................................... Tobacco ....................................................................................................................... Telephone .................................................................................................................... Transportation fuels ..................................................................................................... Health insurance providers .......................................................................................... Indoor tanning services ............................................................................................... Medical devices ........................................................................................................... Other ............................................................................................................................ 8,648 7,556 -2,125 -3,291 .......... .......... .......... 288 9,283 7,639 1,048 -5,127 .......... .......... .......... 2,883 9,903 12,841 1,115 -10,324 .......... .......... .......... 319 9,229 17,160 993 -11,030 .......... .......... .......... 1,904 9,294 16,685 930 -8,644 .......... 99 .......... 540 9,765 16,351 757 -5,751 .......... 102 .......... -865 9,253 15,083 733 -2,681 .......... 92 1,343 4,507 9,815 15,562 611 -3,509 7,987 92 1,977 1,705 Total ................................................................................................................... 11,076 15,726 13,854 18,256 18,904 20,359 28,330 34,240 Trust funds: Transportation .............................................................................................................. Airport and airway ........................................................................................................ Black lung disability ..................................................................................................... Inland waterway ........................................................................................................... Oil spill liability ............................................................................................................. Aquatic resources ........................................................................................................ Leaking underground storage tank ............................................................................. Tobacco Assessments ................................................................................................. Vaccine injury compensation ....................................................................................... Supplementary medical insurance .............................................................................. Patient-centered outcomes research .......................................................................... 39,361 11,468 639 91 452 581 226 934 241 .......... .......... 36,385 11,992 653 88 333 595 171 1,140 251 .......... .......... 34,961 10,569 645 76 447 576 169 951 235 .......... .......... 34,992 10,612 595 74 476 580 169 937 218 .......... .......... 36,906 11,532 623 84 501 593 152 932 278 1,876 .......... 40,169 12,532 629 90 497 614 170 939 254 2,808 .......... 36,462 12,854 531 75 410 539 162 947 204 3,216 277 39,049 13,513 579 82 436 569 173 1,140 243 3,209 135 Total ................................................................................................................... 53,993 51,608 48,629 48,653 53,477 58,702 55,677 59,128 Total, Excise Taxes ............................................................................................ 65,069 67,334 62,483 66,909 72,381 79,061 84,007 93,368 Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts See footnotes at end of table. 1 Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts Employment and general retirement: Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ............................................................ Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ................................................................................. Hospital insurance ....................................................................................................... Railroad retirement/pension fund ................................................................................ Railroad social security equivalent account ................................................................ Total 1 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2015 2016 658,543 111,829 234,189 3,336 2,530 665,672 144,508 246,812 3,128 2,185 693,530 163,883 258,196 3,191 2,353 721,637 170,517 270,295 3,265 2,468 784,749 146,527 283,352 3,353 2,525 830,748 141,070 296,799 3,461 2,611 877,750 149,051 314,515 3,570 2,696 924,302 156,957 331,812 3,683 2,783 ................................................................................................................ 1,010,427 1,062,305 1,121,153 1,168,182 1,220,506 1,274,689 1,347,582 1,419,537 Unemployment insurance: Trust funds ................................................................................................................... 51,178 48,856 49,341 49,942 48,516 50,007 53,237 55,066 Total ................................................................................................................... 51,178 48,856 49,341 49,942 48,516 50,007 53,237 55,066 Other retirement: Federal employees retirement - employee share ....................................................... Non-Federal employees retirement ............................................................................. 3,629 23 3,875 29 4,165 21 6,155 20 7,956 19 9,860 18 11,763 16 13,715 15 Total ................................................................................................................... 3,652 3,904 4,186 6,175 7,975 9,878 11,779 13,730 .......................................... 1,065,257 1,115,065 1,174,680 1,224,299 1,276,997 1,334,574 1,412,598 1,488,333 Excise Taxes Federal funds: Alcohol ......................................................................................................................... Tobacco ....................................................................................................................... Telephone .................................................................................................................... Transportation fuels ..................................................................................................... High cost health insurance coverage .......................................................................... Health insurance providers .......................................................................................... Indoor tanning services ............................................................................................... Medical devices ........................................................................................................... Other ............................................................................................................................ 9,639 14,453 607 -3,394 .......... 11,261 85 1,987 3,121 9,799 14,103 548 -4,755 .......... 11,239 79 619 2,359 9,942 13,977 555 -3,456 .......... 68 78 -23 2,842 10,058 13,851 505 -987 .......... 14,281 76 1,551 2,802 10,142 13,725 455 -1,009 .......... 15,026 75 2,277 2,848 10,234 13,600 404 -1,022 809 15,684 73 2,458 2,894 10,322 13,474 352 -1,023 2,930 16,480 72 2,604 2,824 10,406 13,348 299 -1,021 3,795 17,374 71 2,785 2,887 Total ................................................................................................................... 37,759 33,991 23,983 42,137 43,539 45,134 48,035 49,944 Trust funds: Transportation .............................................................................................................. Airport and airway ........................................................................................................ Black lung disability ..................................................................................................... Inland waterway ........................................................................................................... Oil spill liability ............................................................................................................. Aquatic resources ........................................................................................................ Leaking underground storage tank ............................................................................. Tobacco Assessments ................................................................................................. Vaccine injury compensation ....................................................................................... Supplementary medical insurance .............................................................................. Patient-centered outcomes research .......................................................................... 40,813 14,268 552 98 496 574 179 49 275 2,991 225 41,344 14,406 440 111 508 561 202 4 291 2,853 315 41,622 14,874 413 107 563 549 216 .......... 293 4,067 294 41,981 15,452 423 105 589 552 215 .......... 300 4,098 329 42,371 16,156 271 103 601 556 216 .......... 308 2,826 346 42,603 16,855 211 102 605 560 218 .......... 316 2,800 362 42,698 3,350 214 100 613 563 217 .......... 322 2,800 378 42,671 3,484 210 98 623 568 215 .......... 329 2,800 396 Total ................................................................................................................... 60,520 61,035 62,998 64,044 63,754 64,632 51,255 51,394 Total, Excise Taxes ............................................................................................ 98,279 95,026 86,981 106,181 107,293 109,766 99,290 101,338 Total, Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts 1 * $500 thousand or less. 1 On-budget and off-budget. Note: Unless otherwise noted, all receipts shown in this table are trust funds and on-budget. Table 2.5—COMPOSITION OF “ OTHER RECEIPTS” : 1940–2022 (in millions of dollars) Fiscal Year Total “Other Receipts” Estate and Gift Taxes Customs Duties and Fees Miscellaneous Receipts Federal Reserve Deposits1 Total Legislative 2 Proposals All Other Memorandum: Trust Fund Amounts Included in “Other Receipts” Customs Duties and Fees All Other 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 698 781 801 800 972 353 403 420 441 507 331 365 369 308 417 14 14 11 50 48 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 14 14 11 50 48 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 1,083 1,202 1,331 1,461 1,388 637 668 771 890 780 341 424 477 403 367 105 109 84 168 241 .......... .......... 15 100 187 105 109 69 68 54 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 1,351 1,578 1,710 1,857 1,905 698 708 818 881 934 407 609 533 596 542 247 261 359 379 429 192 189 278 298 341 55 72 81 81 88 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 27 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 1,850 2,270 2,672 2,961 2,921 924 1,161 1,365 1,393 1,333 585 682 735 782 925 341 427 573 787 663 251 287 434 664 491 90 140 139 123 171 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 27 27 28 27 27 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 3,923 3,796 4,001 4,395 4,731 1,606 1,896 2,016 2,167 2,394 1,105 982 1,142 1,205 1,252 1,212 918 843 1,023 1,085 1,093 788 718 828 947 119 130 125 194 139 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 27 39 54 16 22 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 5,753 6,708 6,987 7,580 8,718 2,716 3,066 2,978 3,051 3,491 1,442 1,767 1,901 2,038 2,319 1,594 1,875 2,108 2,491 2,908 1,372 1,713 1,805 2,091 2,662 222 163 302 400 247 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 56 29 29 44 15 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 9,499 10,185 12,355 12,026 13,737 3,644 3,735 5,436 4,917 5,035 2,430 2,591 3,287 3,188 3,334 3,424 3,858 3,633 3,921 5,369 3,266 3,533 3,252 3,495 4,845 158 325 380 425 523 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 17 20 23 24 36 1975 ................................................................................. 1976 ................................................................................. TQ .................................................................................... 1977 ................................................................................. 1978 ................................................................................. 1979 ................................................................................. 14,998 17,317 4,279 19,008 19,278 22,101 4,611 5,216 1,455 7,327 5,285 5,411 3,676 4,074 1,212 5,150 6,573 7,439 6,711 8,026 1,612 6,531 7,420 9,252 5,777 5,451 1,500 5,908 6,641 8,327 935 2,576 111 623 778 925 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 40 33 8 42 39 43 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 26,311 28,659 33,006 30,309 34,392 6,389 6,787 7,991 6,053 6,010 7,174 8,083 8,854 8,655 11,370 12,748 13,790 16,161 15,601 17,012 11,767 12,834 15,186 14,492 15,684 981 956 975 1,108 1,328 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 60 30 30 30 54 75 100 109 86 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 37,020 40,233 42,029 43,987 48,321 6,422 6,958 7,493 7,594 8,745 12,079 13,327 15,085 16,198 16,334 18,519 19,948 19,452 20,194 23,243 17,059 18,374 16,817 17,163 19,604 1,460 1,574 2,635 3,031 3,639 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 30 30 70 174 243 98 99 116 101 139 1990 1991 1992 1993 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 56,174 50,657 55,717 50,778 11,500 11,138 11,143 12,577 16,707 15,949 17,359 18,802 27,967 23,570 27,214 19,399 24,319 19,158 22,920 14,908 3,647 4,412 4,293 4,491 .......... .......... .......... .......... 210 432 563 683 136 150 139 320 See footnotes at end of table. Table 2.5—COMPOSITION OF “ OTHER RECEIPTS” : 1940–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Fiscal Year Total “Other Receipts” Estate and Gift Taxes Customs Duties and Fees Miscellaneous Receipts Total Federal Reserve Deposits1 Legislative 2 Proposals All Other Memorandum: Trust Fund Amounts Included in “Other Receipts” Customs Duties and Fees All Other 1994 ................................................................................. 58,427 15,225 20,099 23,103 18,023 5,081 .......... 677 450 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 62,585 61,384 63,178 74,961 81,045 14,763 17,189 19,845 24,076 27,782 19,301 18,670 17,928 18,297 18,336 28,521 25,525 25,405 32,588 34,927 23,378 20,477 19,636 24,540 25,917 5,143 5,048 5,769 8,048 9,010 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 728 760 797 712 609 512 459 581 607 392 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 91,723 85,469 78,998 76,335 78,522 29,010 28,400 26,507 21,959 24,831 19,914 19,369 18,602 19,862 21,083 42,799 37,700 33,889 34,514 32,608 32,293 26,124 23,683 21,878 19,652 10,506 11,576 10,206 12,636 12,956 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 742 786 718 823 940 520 783 654 648 683 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 80,888 97,264 99,594 106,409 98,052 24,764 27,877 26,044 28,844 23,482 23,379 24,810 26,010 27,568 22,453 32,745 44,577 47,540 49,997 52,117 19,297 29,945 32,043 33,598 34,318 13,448 14,632 15,497 16,399 17,799 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,119 1,277 1,339 1,539 1,189 724 610 464 822 1,128 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 140,997 139,735 151,120 153,367 189,366 18,885 7,399 13,973 18,912 19,300 25,298 29,519 30,307 31,815 33,926 96,814 102,817 106,840 102,640 136,140 75,845 82,546 81,957 75,767 99,235 20,969 20,271 24,883 26,873 36,905 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1,288 1,537 1,611 1,599 1,589 1,392 867 961 2,593 1,723 2015 ................................................................................. 2016 ................................................................................. 2017 estimate .................................................................. 2018 estimate .................................................................. 2019 estimate .................................................................. 201,752 212,224 214,493 132,816 119,257 19,232 21,354 23,139 24,331 26,054 35,041 34,838 33,943 39,724 41,636 147,479 156,032 157,411 123,761 111,567 96,468 115,672 97,002 70,124 56,315 51,011 40,360 60,409 53,637 55,252 .......... .......... .......... -55,000 -60,000 1,514 1,397 1,499 1,581 1,651 1,446 1,708 2,143 1,845 2,122 2020 estimate .................................................................. 2021 estimate .................................................................. 2022 estimate .................................................................. 92,425 81,859 93,051 27,800 29,336 31,177 43,042 43,546 45,988 106,583 108,977 120,886 50,024 51,726 61,470 56,559 57,251 59,416 -85,000 -100,000 -105,000 1,704 1,779 1,880 2,322 2,493 2,376 1 2 Deposits of earnings by the Federal Reserve System. Undistributed allowance for repeal and replacement of the Affordable Care Act. Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2022 Superfunction and Function 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 In millions of dollars: National Defense ...................................................................................... Human resources ..................................................................................... Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ....................... Health .................................................................................................... Income Security ..................................................................................... Social Security (off-budget) ............................................................................................ Veterans Benefits and Services ............................................................ Physical resources ................................................................................... Energy ................................................................................................... Natural Resources and Environment .................................................... Commerce and Housing Credit ............................................................. Transportation ........................................................................................ Community and Regional Development ................................................ Net interest ................................................................................................ (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. Other functions ......................................................................................... International Affairs ................................................................................ General Science, Space, and Technology ............................................ Agriculture .............................................................................................. Administration of Justice ........................................................................ General Government ............................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ............................................................ 1,660 4,139 1,972 55 1,514 28 6,435 4,158 1,592 60 1,855 91 25,658 3,599 1,062 71 1,828 137 66,699 2,659 375 92 1,739 177 79,143 1,928 160 174 1,503 217 82,965 1,859 134 211 1,137 267 42,681 5,493 85 201 2,384 358 12,808 9,909 102 177 2,820 466 9,105 9,868 191 162 2,499 558 570 2,312 88 997 550 392 285 899 (941) (-42) 775 51 .......... 369 81 274 -317 560 1,782 91 817 398 353 123 943 (999) (-56) 882 145 .......... 339 92 306 -547 501 3,892 156 819 1,521 1,283 113 1,052 (1,123) (-71) 1,830 968 4 344 117 397 -894 276 6,433 116 726 2,151 3,220 219 1,529 (1,616) (-87) 2,457 1,286 1 343 154 673 -1,221 -126 5,471 65 642 624 3,901 238 2,219 (2,322) (-103) 3,864 1,449 48 1,275 192 900 -1,320 110 1,747 25 455 -2,630 3,654 243 3,112 (3,236) (-124) 4,418 1,913 111 1,635 178 581 -1,389 2,465 836 41 482 -1,857 1,970 200 4,111 (4,259) (-148) 3,580 1,935 34 610 176 825 -1,468 6,344 1,227 18 700 -923 1,130 302 4,204 (4,367) (-163) 7,900 5,791 5 814 176 1,114 -1,552 6,457 2,243 292 780 306 787 78 4,341 (4,532) (-191) 5,851 4,566 1 69 170 1,045 -1,643 Total, Federal outlays ............................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 9,468 (9,482) (-14) 13,653 (13,618) (35) 35,137 (35,071) (66) 78,555 (78,466) (89) 91,304 (91,190) (114) 92,712 (92,569) (143) 55,232 (55,022) (210) 34,496 (34,193) (303) 29,764 (29,396) (368) National defense ......................................................................................... Human resources ....................................................................................... Physical resources ..................................................................................... Net interest ................................................................................................. Other functions ........................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................. 17.5 43.7 24.4 9.5 8.2 -3.4 47.1 30.5 13.1 6.9 6.5 -4.0 73.0 10.2 11.1 3.0 5.2 -2.5 84.9 3.4 8.2 1.9 3.1 -1.6 86.7 2.1 6.0 2.4 4.2 -1.4 89.5 2.0 1.9 3.4 4.8 -1.5 77.3 9.9 1.5 7.4 6.5 -2.7 37.1 28.7 3.6 12.2 22.9 -4.5 30.6 33.2 7.5 14.6 19.7 -5.5 Total, Federal outlays ............................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 100.0 (100.2) (-0.2) 100.0 (99.7) (0.3) 100.0 (99.8) (0.2) 100.0 (99.9) (0.1) 100.0 (99.9) (0.1) 100.0 (99.8) (0.2) 100.0 (99.6) (0.4) 100.0 (99.1) (0.9) 100.0 (98.8) (1.2) National defense ......................................................................................... Human resources ....................................................................................... Physical resources ..................................................................................... Net interest ................................................................................................. Other functions ........................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................. 1.7 4.2 2.4 0.9 0.8 -0.3 5.5 3.6 1.5 0.8 0.8 -0.5 17.4 2.4 2.6 0.7 1.2 -0.6 36.1 1.4 3.5 0.8 1.3 -0.7 37.0 0.9 2.6 1.0 1.8 -0.6 36.6 0.8 0.8 1.4 2.0 -0.6 18.7 2.4 0.4 1.8 1.6 -0.6 5.4 4.1 0.5 1.8 3.3 -0.6 3.5 3.8 0.9 1.7 2.2 -0.6 Total, Federal outlays ............................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 9.6 (9.7) (-*) 11.7 (11.7) (*) 23.8 (23.7) (*) 42.6 (42.5) (*) 42.7 (42.7) (0.1) 41.0 (40.9) (0.1) 24.2 (24.1) (0.1) 14.4 (14.3) (0.1) 11.3 (11.2) (0.1) As percentages of outlays: As percentages of GDP: * 0.05 percent or less. Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2022—Continued Superfunction and Function 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 In millions of dollars: National Defense ...................................................................................... Human resources ..................................................................................... Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ....................... Health .................................................................................................... Income Security ..................................................................................... Social Security (off-budget) ............................................................................................ Veterans Benefits and Services ............................................................ Physical resources ................................................................................... Energy ................................................................................................... Natural Resources and Environment .................................................... Commerce and Housing Credit ............................................................. Transportation ........................................................................................ Community and Regional Development ................................................ Net interest ................................................................................................ (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. Other functions ......................................................................................... International Affairs ................................................................................ General Science, Space, and Technology ............................................ Agriculture .............................................................................................. Administration of Justice ........................................................................ General Government ............................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ............................................................ (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 13,150 10,805 178 197 3,174 657 13,724 14,221 241 268 4,097 781 23,566 11,001 235 323 3,352 1,565 46,089 11,745 339 347 3,655 2,063 52,802 11,836 441 336 3,823 2,717 49,266 13,076 370 307 4,434 3,352 42,729 14,908 445 291 5,071 4,427 42,523 16,052 591 359 4,734 5,478 45,430 18,161 590 479 5,427 6,661 6,599 3,104 341 1,080 800 916 -33 4,523 (4,753) (-230) 9,032 6,052 48 1,924 184 824 -1,779 (-1,779) .......... 8,834 3,667 327 1,308 1,035 967 30 4,812 (5,069) (-257) 7,955 4,673 55 2,049 193 986 -1,817 (-1,817) .......... 5,526 3,924 383 1,310 1,228 956 47 4,665 (4,952) (-287) 4,690 3,647 51 -323 218 1,097 -2,332 (-2,332) .......... 5,341 4,182 474 1,233 1,278 1,124 73 4,701 (5,035) (-334) 4,346 2,691 49 176 267 1,163 -3,377 (-3,377) .......... 4,519 4,005 425 1,289 910 1,264 117 5,156 (5,543) (-387) 5,873 2,119 49 2,253 243 1,209 -3,571 (-3,571) .......... 4,613 2,584 432 1,007 -184 1,229 100 4,811 (5,250) (-439) 4,515 1,596 46 1,817 257 799 -3,397 (-3,396) (-1) 4,675 2,732 325 940 92 1,246 129 4,850 (5,288) (-438) 6,718 2,223 74 3,514 256 651 -3,493 (-3,487) (-6) 4,891 3,092 174 870 506 1,450 92 5,079 (5,567) (-487) 7,482 2,414 79 3,486 302 1,201 -3,589 (-3,571) (-18) 5,005 4,559 240 1,098 1,424 1,662 135 5,354 (5,910) (-557) 7,220 3,147 122 2,288 303 1,360 -4,146 (-4,058) (-88) Total, Federal outlays ............................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 38,835 (38,408) (427) 42,562 (42,038) (524) 45,514 (44,237) (1,277) 67,686 (65,956) (1,730) 76,101 (73,771) (2,330) 70,855 (67,943) (2,912) 68,444 (64,461) (3,983) 70,640 (65,668) (4,972) 76,578 (70,562) (6,016) National defense ......................................................................................... Human resources ....................................................................................... Physical resources ..................................................................................... Net interest ................................................................................................. Other functions ........................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................. 33.9 27.8 8.0 11.6 23.3 -4.6 32.2 33.4 8.6 11.3 18.7 -4.3 51.8 24.2 8.6 10.2 10.3 -5.1 68.1 17.4 6.2 6.9 6.4 -5.0 69.4 15.6 5.3 6.8 7.7 -4.7 69.5 18.5 3.6 6.8 6.4 -4.8 62.4 21.8 4.0 7.1 9.8 -5.1 60.2 22.7 4.4 7.2 10.6 -5.1 59.3 23.7 6.0 7.0 9.4 -5.4 Total, Federal outlays ............................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 100.0 (98.9) (1.1) 100.0 (98.8) (1.2) 100.0 (97.2) (2.8) 100.0 (97.4) (2.6) 100.0 (96.9) (3.1) 100.0 (95.9) (4.1) 100.0 (94.2) (5.8) 100.0 (93.0) (7.0) 100.0 (92.1) (7.9) National defense ......................................................................................... Human resources ....................................................................................... Physical resources ..................................................................................... Net interest ................................................................................................. Other functions ........................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................. 4.8 3.9 1.1 1.6 3.3 -0.6 4.9 5.1 1.3 1.7 2.9 -0.7 7.2 3.4 1.2 1.4 1.4 -0.7 12.9 3.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 -0.9 13.8 3.1 1.0 1.3 1.5 -0.9 12.7 3.4 0.7 1.2 1.2 -0.9 10.5 3.7 0.7 1.2 1.7 -0.9 9.7 3.7 0.7 1.2 1.7 -0.8 9.8 3.9 1.0 1.2 1.6 -0.9 Total, Federal outlays ............................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 14.0 (13.9) (0.2) 15.3 (15.1) (0.2) 13.9 (13.5) (0.4) 18.9 (18.4) (0.5) 19.9 (19.3) (0.6) 18.3 (17.5) (0.8) 16.8 (15.8) (1.0) 16.1 (15.0) (1.1) 16.5 (15.2) (1.3) As percentages of outlays: As percentages of GDP: Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2022—Continued Superfunction and Function 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 In millions of dollars: National Defense ...................................................................................... Human resources ..................................................................................... Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ....................... Health .................................................................................................... Medicare ................................................................................................ Income Security ..................................................................................... Social Security (off-budget) ............................................................................................ Veterans Benefits and Services ............................................................ Physical resources ................................................................................... Energy ................................................................................................... Natural Resources and Environment .................................................... Commerce and Housing Credit ............................................................. Transportation ........................................................................................ Community and Regional Development ................................................ Net interest ................................................................................................ (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. Other functions ......................................................................................... International Affairs ................................................................................ General Science, Space, and Technology ............................................ Agriculture .............................................................................................. Administration of Justice ........................................................................ General Government ............................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ............................................................ (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 46,815 22,288 643 541 .......... 7,535 8,219 49,015 24,892 789 685 .......... 8,239 9,737 48,130 26,184 968 795 .......... 7,378 11,602 49,601 29,838 1,063 913 .......... 9,683 12,474 52,345 31,630 1,241 1,198 .......... 9,207 14,365 53,400 33,522 1,458 1,451 .......... 9,311 15,788 54,757 35,294 1,555 1,788 .......... 9,657 16,620 50,620 36,576 2,140 1,791 .......... 9,469 17,460 58,111 43,257 4,363 2,543 64 9,678 20,694 5,350 5,188 348 1,407 930 2,334 169 5,604 (6,175) (-571) 6,896 3,364 141 2,411 325 655 -4,385 (-4,240) (-145) 5,443 7,813 382 1,632 1,933 3,655 211 5,762 (6,338) (-576) 9,229 3,144 294 4,509 356 926 -4,613 (-4,449) (-164) 5,441 7,991 464 1,559 1,618 4,126 224 6,947 (7,511) (-563) 7,760 2,988 599 2,623 366 1,184 -4,820 (-4,632) (-188) 5,705 7,754 510 1,779 1,203 3,987 275 6,716 (7,307) (-591) 8,621 3,184 1,042 2,641 400 1,354 -4,807 (-4,601) (-206) 5,619 8,831 604 2,044 1,424 4,290 469 6,889 (7,498) (-609) 12,401 5,639 1,723 3,562 429 1,049 -5,274 (-5,053) (-221) 5,514 8,013 530 2,251 62 4,596 574 7,740 (8,322) (-582) 14,437 5,308 3,051 4,384 465 1,230 -5,797 (-5,555) (-242) 5,675 9,528 572 2,364 418 5,242 933 8,199 (8,805) (-607) 16,458 4,945 4,897 4,609 489 1,518 -5,708 (-5,429) (-279) 5,716 11,264 699 2,531 1,157 5,763 1,114 8,591 (9,239) (-648) 17,086 5,273 5,823 3,954 536 1,499 -5,908 (-5,626) (-282) 5,916 13,410 612 2,719 3,245 5,730 1,105 9,386 (10,028) (-642) 16,911 5,580 6,717 2,447 564 1,603 -6,542 (-6,205) (-337) Total, Federal outlays ............................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 82,405 (74,902) (7,503) 92,098 (83,102) (8,996) 92,191 (81,341) (10,850) 97,723 (86,046) (11,677) 106,821 (93,286) (13,535) 111,316 (96,352) (14,964) 118,528 (102,794) (15,734) 118,228 (101,699) (16,529) 134,532 (114,817) (19,715) National defense ......................................................................................... Human resources ....................................................................................... Physical resources ..................................................................................... Net interest ................................................................................................. Other functions ........................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................. 56.8 27.0 6.3 6.8 8.4 -5.3 53.2 27.0 8.5 6.3 10.0 -5.0 52.2 28.4 8.7 7.5 8.4 -5.2 50.8 30.5 7.9 6.9 8.8 -4.9 49.0 29.6 8.3 6.4 11.6 -4.9 48.0 30.1 7.2 7.0 13.0 -5.2 46.2 29.8 8.0 6.9 13.9 -4.8 42.8 30.9 9.5 7.3 14.5 -5.0 43.2 32.2 10.0 7.0 12.6 -4.9 Total, Federal outlays ............................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 100.0 (90.9) (9.1) 100.0 (90.2) (9.8) 100.0 (88.2) (11.8) 100.0 (88.1) (11.9) 100.0 (87.3) (12.7) 100.0 (86.6) (13.4) 100.0 (86.7) (13.3) 100.0 (86.0) (14.0) 100.0 (85.3) (14.7) National defense ......................................................................................... Human resources ....................................................................................... Physical resources ..................................................................................... Net interest ................................................................................................. Other functions ........................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................. 9.9 4.7 1.1 1.2 1.5 -0.9 9.7 4.9 1.5 1.1 1.8 -0.9 9.0 4.9 1.5 1.3 1.5 -0.9 9.1 5.4 1.4 1.2 1.6 -0.9 8.9 5.4 1.5 1.2 2.1 -0.9 8.6 5.4 1.3 1.2 2.3 -0.9 8.3 5.3 1.4 1.2 2.5 -0.9 7.1 5.1 1.6 1.2 2.4 -0.8 7.4 5.5 1.7 1.2 2.2 -0.8 Total, Federal outlays ............................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 17.4 (15.8) (1.6) 18.2 (16.4) (1.8) 17.2 (15.2) (2.0) 17.8 (15.7) (2.1) 18.2 (15.9) (2.3) 18.0 (15.6) (2.4) 17.9 (15.5) (2.4) 16.6 (14.3) (2.3) 17.2 (14.7) (2.5) As percentages of outlays: As percentages of GDP: Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2022—Continued Superfunction and Function 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 National Defense ...................................................................................... Human resources ..................................................................................... Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ....................... Health .................................................................................................... Medicare ................................................................................................ Income Security ..................................................................................... Social Security ....................................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. Veterans Benefits and Services ............................................................ Physical resources ................................................................................... Energy ................................................................................................... Natural Resources and Environment .................................................... Commerce and Housing Credit ............................................................. (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. Transportation ........................................................................................ Community and Regional Development ................................................ Net interest ................................................................................................ (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. Other functions ......................................................................................... International Affairs ................................................................................ General Science, Space, and Technology ............................................ Agriculture .............................................................................................. Administration of Justice ........................................................................ General Government ............................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ............................................................ (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 71,417 51,272 6,453 3,351 2,748 10,261 21,725 (94) (21,631) 6,735 14,674 782 2,869 3,979 (3,979) .......... 5,936 1,108 10,268 (11,060) (-792) 17,126 5,566 6,233 2,990 618 1,719 -7,294 (-6,879) (-415) 81,926 59,375 7,634 4,390 4,649 11,816 23,854 (94) (23,760) 7,032 16,002 1,037 2,988 4,280 (4,280) .......... 6,316 1,382 11,090 (12,069) (-979) 17,786 5,301 5,524 4,544 659 1,757 -8,045 (-7,600) (-445) 82,497 66,410 7,548 5,162 5,695 13,076 27,298 (414) (26,885) 7,631 11,869 1,010 2,900 -119 (-119) .......... 6,526 1,552 12,699 (13,848) (-1,149) 18,151 4,600 5,020 5,826 766 1,939 -7,986 (-7,454) (-532) 81,692 75,349 8,634 5,907 6,213 15,655 30,270 (458) (29,812) 8,669 15,574 997 3,065 2,112 (2,112) .......... 7,008 2,392 14,380 (15,948) (-1,568) 17,286 4,330 4,511 5,166 959 2,320 -8,632 (-7,995) (-637) 78,872 91,901 9,849 6,843 6,622 22,946 35,872 (465) (35,408) 9,768 18,286 1,035 3,915 2,366 (2,366) .......... 8,052 2,917 14,841 (16,783) (-1,942) 16,379 4,159 4,182 4,290 1,307 2,442 -10,107 (-9,467) (-640) 79,174 107,211 12,529 8,674 7,479 27,650 40,157 (538) (39,620) 10,720 19,574 1,296 4,241 2,222 (1,867) (355) 8,392 3,423 15,478 (17,584) (-2,106) 18,828 4,781 4,175 5,227 1,684 2,960 -9,583 (-8,926) (-657) 76,681 119,522 12,744 9,356 8,052 28,278 49,090 (526) (48,565) 12,003 20,614 1,237 4,775 931 (774) (157) 9,066 4,605 17,349 (19,629) (-2,280) 24,950 4,149 4,032 4,821 2,174 9,774 -13,409 (-12,714) (-695) 79,347 135,783 12,455 10,733 9,639 33,714 55,867 (494) (55,373) 13,374 25,106 1,303 5,697 4,705 (3,932) (773) 9,172 4,229 21,449 (23,969) (-2,520) 24,423 5,710 3,980 2,194 2,505 10,032 -16,749 (-15,985) (-764) 86,509 173,245 16,022 12,930 12,875 50,176 64,658 (499) (64,159) 16,584 35,449 2,916 7,346 9,947 (8,835) (1,112) 10,918 4,322 23,244 (26,047) (-2,803) 27,487 7,097 3,991 2,997 3,028 10,374 -13,602 (-12,686) (-916) Total, Federal outlays ............................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 157,464 (137,040) (20,424) 178,134 (155,798) (22,336) 183,640 (158,436) (25,204) 195,649 (168,042) (27,607) 210,172 (177,346) (32,826) 230,681 (193,470) (37,212) 245,707 (199,961) (45,746) 269,359 (216,496) (52,862) 332,332 (270,780) (61,552) National defense ......................................................................................... Human resources ....................................................................................... Physical resources ..................................................................................... Net interest ................................................................................................. Other functions ........................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................. 45.4 32.6 9.3 6.5 10.9 -4.6 46.0 33.3 9.0 6.2 10.0 -4.5 44.9 36.2 6.5 6.9 9.9 -4.3 41.8 38.5 8.0 7.4 8.8 -4.4 37.5 43.7 8.7 7.1 7.8 -4.8 34.3 46.5 8.5 6.7 8.2 -4.2 31.2 48.6 8.4 7.1 10.2 -5.5 29.5 50.4 9.3 8.0 9.1 -6.2 26.0 52.1 10.7 7.0 8.3 -4.1 Total, Federal outlays ............................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 100.0 (87.0) (13.0) 100.0 (87.5) (12.5) 100.0 (86.3) (13.7) 100.0 (85.9) (14.1) 100.0 (84.4) (15.6) 100.0 (83.9) (16.1) 100.0 (81.4) (18.6) 100.0 (80.4) (19.6) 100.0 (81.5) (18.5) National defense ......................................................................................... Human resources ....................................................................................... Physical resources ..................................................................................... Net interest ................................................................................................. Other functions ........................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................. 8.5 6.1 1.8 1.2 2.0 -0.9 9.1 6.6 1.8 1.2 2.0 -0.9 8.4 6.8 1.2 1.3 1.8 -0.8 7.8 7.2 1.5 1.4 1.6 -0.8 7.0 8.2 1.6 1.3 1.5 -0.9 6.5 8.8 1.6 1.3 1.5 -0.8 5.7 8.8 1.5 1.3 1.8 -1.0 5.3 9.1 1.7 1.4 1.6 -1.1 5.4 10.8 2.2 1.4 1.7 -0.8 Total, Federal outlays ............................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................. 18.8 (16.3) (2.4) 19.8 (17.3) (2.5) 18.7 (16.1) (2.6) 18.6 (16.0) (2.6) 18.8 (15.8) (2.9) 18.9 (15.9) (3.1) 18.1 (14.7) (3.4) 18.1 (14.6) (3.6) 20.6 (16.8) (3.8) In millions of dollars: As percentages of outlays: As percentages of GDP: Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2022—Continued Superfunction and Function 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 National Defense ............................................................................................................ Human resources ........................................................................................................... Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ............................................. Health .......................................................................................................................... Medicare ...................................................................................................................... Income Security ........................................................................................................... Social Security ............................................................................................................. (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Veterans Benefits and Services .................................................................................. Physical resources ......................................................................................................... Energy ......................................................................................................................... Natural Resources and Environment .......................................................................... Commerce and Housing Credit ................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Transportation .............................................................................................................. Community and Regional Development ...................................................................... Net interest ...................................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Other functions ............................................................................................................... International Affairs ...................................................................................................... General Science, Space, and Technology .................................................................. Agriculture .................................................................................................................... Administration of Justice ............................................................................................. General Government ................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts .................................................................................. (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 89,619 203,594 18,910 15,734 15,834 60,799 73,899 (515) (73,384) 18,419 39,188 4,204 8,184 7,619 (6,534) (1,085) 13,739 5,442 26,727 (29,539) (-2,812) 27,050 6,433 4,373 3,109 3,430 9,706 -14,386 (-13,423) (-963) 22,269 52,065 5,169 3,924 4,264 14,985 19,763 .......... (19,763) 3,960 9,512 1,129 2,524 931 (1,657) (-726) 3,358 1,569 6,949 (7,042) (-93) 9,388 2,458 1,162 972 918 3,878 -4,206 (-3,957) (-249) 97,241 221,895 21,104 17,302 19,345 61,060 85,061 (717) (84,344) 18,022 40,746 5,770 10,032 3,093 (3,266) (-173) 14,829 7,021 29,901 (32,551) (-2,650) 34,315 6,353 4,736 6,734 3,701 12,791 -14,879 (-13,902) (-977) 104,495 242,329 26,706 18,524 22,768 61,509 93,861 (741) (93,120) 18,961 52,590 7,991 10,983 6,254 (6,750) (-496) 15,521 11,841 35,458 (37,860) (-2,403) 39,594 7,482 4,926 11,301 3,923 11,961 -15,720 (-14,660) (-1,060) 116,342 267,574 30,218 20,494 26,495 66,382 104,073 (757) (103,316) 19,914 54,559 9,179 12,135 4,686 (5,577) (-891) 18,079 10,480 42,633 (44,857) (-2,224) 40,396 7,459 5,234 11,176 4,286 12,241 -17,476 (-16,362) (-1,114) 133,995 313,374 31,835 23,169 32,090 86,565 118,547 (675) (117,872) 21,169 65,985 10,156 13,858 9,390 (9,821) (-431) 21,329 11,252 52,533 (54,872) (-2,339) 44,996 12,714 5,831 8,774 4,702 12,975 -19,942 (-18,738) (-1,204) 157,513 362,022 33,146 26,866 39,149 100,304 139,584 (670) (138,914) 22,973 70,886 15,166 13,568 8,206 (8,117) (89) 23,379 10,568 68,766 (71,054) (-2,288) 47,095 13,104 6,468 11,241 4,908 11,373 -28,041 (-26,611) (-1,430) 185,309 388,681 26,609 27,445 46,567 108,158 155,964 (844) (155,120) 23,938 61,752 13,527 12,998 6,256 (6,809) (-553) 20,625 8,347 85,032 (87,102) (-2,071) 51,068 12,300 7,199 15,866 4,842 10,861 -26,099 (-24,453) (-1,646) Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 371,792 (301,098) (70,695) 95,975 (77,281) (18,695) 409,218 (328,675) (80,543) 458,746 (369,585) (89,161) 504,028 (404,941) (99,087) 590,941 (477,044) (113,898) 678,241 (542,956) (135,285) 745,743 (594,892) (150,851) National defense ............................................................................................................... Human resources ............................................................................................................. Physical resources ........................................................................................................... Net interest ....................................................................................................................... Other functions ................................................................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................... 24.1 54.8 10.5 7.2 7.3 -3.9 23.2 54.2 9.9 7.2 9.8 -4.4 23.8 54.2 10.0 7.3 8.4 -3.6 22.8 52.8 11.5 7.7 8.6 -3.4 23.1 53.1 10.8 8.5 8.0 -3.5 22.7 53.0 11.2 8.9 7.6 -3.4 23.2 53.4 10.5 10.1 6.9 -4.1 24.8 52.1 8.3 11.4 6.8 -3.5 Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 100.0 (81.0) (19.0) 100.0 (80.5) (19.5) 100.0 (80.3) (19.7) 100.0 (80.6) (19.4) 100.0 (80.3) (19.7) 100.0 (80.7) (19.3) 100.0 (80.1) (19.9) 100.0 (79.8) (20.2) National defense ............................................................................................................... Human resources ............................................................................................................. Physical resources ........................................................................................................... Net interest ....................................................................................................................... Other functions ................................................................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................... 5.0 11.4 2.2 1.5 1.5 -0.8 4.7 11.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 -0.9 4.8 10.9 2.0 1.5 1.7 -0.7 4.6 10.6 2.3 1.6 1.7 -0.7 4.5 10.4 2.1 1.7 1.6 -0.7 4.8 11.2 2.4 1.9 1.6 -0.7 5.0 11.5 2.3 2.2 1.5 -0.9 5.6 11.7 1.9 2.6 1.5 -0.8 Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 20.8 (16.8) (3.9) 20.3 (16.4) (4.0) 20.2 (16.2) (4.0) 20.1 (16.2) (3.9) 19.6 (15.8) (3.9) 21.1 (17.1) (4.1) 21.6 (17.3) (4.3) 22.5 (18.0) (4.6) In millions of dollars: As percentages of outlays: As percentages of GDP: Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2022—Continued Superfunction and Function 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 In millions of dollars: National Defense ............................................................................................................ Human resources ........................................................................................................... Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ............................................. Health .......................................................................................................................... Medicare ...................................................................................................................... Income Security ........................................................................................................... Social Security ............................................................................................................. (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Veterans Benefits and Services .................................................................................. Physical resources ......................................................................................................... Energy ......................................................................................................................... Natural Resources and Environment .......................................................................... Commerce and Housing Credit ................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Transportation .............................................................................................................. Community and Regional Development ...................................................................... Net interest ...................................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Other functions ............................................................................................................... International Affairs ...................................................................................................... General Science, Space, and Technology .................................................................. Agriculture .................................................................................................................... Administration of Justice ............................................................................................. General Government ................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts .................................................................................. (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 209,903 426,011 26,194 28,641 52,588 123,041 170,724 (19,993) (150,731) 24,824 57,603 9,353 12,672 6,681 (6,359) (322) 21,334 7,564 89,808 (91,653) (-1,845) 59,015 11,848 7,934 22,807 5,246 11,181 -33,976 (-32,198) (-1,778) 227,411 432,076 26,916 30,417 57,540 113,405 178,223 (7,056) (171,167) 25,575 57,960 7,073 12,586 6,959 (6,599) (360) 23,669 7,673 111,102 (114,411) (-3,310) 55,214 15,869 8,311 13,477 5,811 11,746 -31,957 (-29,913) (-2,044) 252,743 471,859 28,589 33,541 65,822 129,032 188,623 (5,189) (183,434) 26,251 56,804 5,608 13,345 4,337 (4,195) (142) 25,838 7,676 129,478 (133,595) (-4,118) 68,160 16,169 8,622 25,427 6,426 11,515 -32,698 (-30,189) (-2,509) 273,373 481,625 29,773 35,933 70,164 120,685 198,756 (8,072) (190,684) 26,314 58,722 4,690 13,628 5,058 (5,016) (42) 28,113 7,233 136,017 (140,346) (-4,329) 73,652 14,146 8,962 31,319 6,735 12,491 -33,007 (-30,150) (-2,857) 281,996 502,220 28,918 39,964 75,120 124,137 207,352 (4,930) (202,422) 26,729 55,132 4,072 13,355 6,434 (5,492) (943) 26,222 5,049 138,611 (143,901) (-5,290) 62,513 11,645 9,200 26,466 7,715 7,487 -36,455 (-33,155) (-3,300) 290,360 533,426 30,928 44,483 78,878 130,430 219,341 (4,852) (214,489) 29,367 68,625 2,296 14,601 19,163 (17,451) (1,712) 27,272 5,293 151,803 (159,219) (-7,416) 57,169 10,466 10,820 17,088 9,397 9,399 -36,967 (-32,585) (-4,382) Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 808,364 (660,934) (147,430) 851,805 (685,632) (166,173) 946,344 (769,396) (176,949) 990,382 (806,842) (183,540) 1,004,017 (809,243) (194,774) 1,064,416 (860,012) (204,404) National defense ............................................................................................................... Human resources ............................................................................................................. Physical resources ........................................................................................................... Net interest ....................................................................................................................... Other functions ................................................................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................... 26.0 52.7 7.1 11.1 7.3 -4.2 26.7 50.7 6.8 13.0 6.5 -3.8 26.7 49.9 6.0 13.7 7.2 -3.5 27.6 48.6 5.9 13.7 7.4 -3.3 28.1 50.0 5.5 13.8 6.2 -3.6 27.3 50.1 6.4 14.3 5.4 -3.5 26.5 49.7 7.1 14.8 5.1 -3.3 23.9 49.4 10.1 14.7 4.8 -2.9 Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 100.0 (81.8) (18.2) 100.0 (80.5) (19.5) 100.0 (81.3) (18.7) 100.0 (81.5) (18.5) 100.0 (80.6) (19.4) 100.0 (80.8) (19.2) 100.0 (81.6) (18.4) 100.0 (82.0) (18.0) National defense ............................................................................................................... Human resources ............................................................................................................. Physical resources ........................................................................................................... Net interest ....................................................................................................................... Other functions ................................................................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................... 5.9 12.0 1.6 2.5 1.7 -1.0 5.8 10.9 1.5 2.8 1.4 -0.8 5.9 11.0 1.3 3.0 1.6 -0.8 6.0 10.6 1.3 3.0 1.6 -0.7 5.9 10.5 1.2 2.9 1.3 -0.8 5.6 10.3 1.3 2.9 1.1 -0.7 5.4 10.2 1.5 3.0 1.0 -0.7 5.1 10.5 2.1 3.1 1.0 -0.6 Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 22.8 (18.7) (4.2) 21.5 (17.3) (4.2) 22.2 (18.0) (4.1) 21.8 (17.8) (4.0) 21.0 (16.9) (4.1) 20.6 (16.7) (4.0) 20.5 (16.7) (3.8) 21.2 (17.4) (3.8) 303,555 568,803 35,325 48,380 84,964 137,589 232,542 (5,069) (227,473) 30,003 81,553 2,705 16,169 29,709 (30,019) (-310) 27,608 5,362 168,981 (180,376) (-11,395) 58,063 9,583 12,821 16,698 9,644 9,317 -37,212 (-32,354) (-4,858) 299,321 619,463 37,167 57,699 98,102 148,838 248,623 (3,625) (244,998) 29,034 126,011 3,341 17,055 67,599 (65,973) (1,626) 29,485 8,531 184,347 (200,338) (-15,991) 60,468 13,758 14,426 11,637 10,185 10,462 -36,615 (-31,048) (-5,567) 1,143,743 1,252,993 (932,832) (1,027,928) (210,911) (225,065) As percentages of outlays: As percentages of GDP: Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2022—Continued Superfunction and Function 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 In millions of dollars: National Defense ............................................................................................................ Human resources ........................................................................................................... Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ............................................. Health .......................................................................................................................... Medicare ...................................................................................................................... Income Security ........................................................................................................... Social Security ............................................................................................................. (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Veterans Benefits and Services .................................................................................. Physical resources ......................................................................................................... Energy ......................................................................................................................... Natural Resources and Environment .......................................................................... Commerce and Housing Credit ................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Transportation .............................................................................................................. Community and Regional Development ...................................................................... Net interest ...................................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Other functions ............................................................................................................... International Affairs ...................................................................................................... General Science, Space, and Technology .................................................................. Agriculture .................................................................................................................... Administration of Justice ............................................................................................. General Government ................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts .................................................................................. (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 273,285 689,810 41,231 71,168 104,489 172,633 269,014 (2,619) (266,395) 31,275 135,159 2,436 18,544 76,270 (74,953) (1,317) 31,099 6,810 194,448 (214,670) (-20,222) 70,879 15,846 16,092 14,886 12,486 11,568 -39,356 (-33,553) (-5,804) 298,346 772,599 42,735 89,486 119,024 199,732 287,584 (6,166) (281,418) 34,037 75,586 4,499 20,001 10,918 (10,260) (659) 33,332 6,836 199,344 (222,981) (-23,637) 74,934 16,090 16,389 14,922 14,650 12,883 -39,280 (-33,179) (-6,101) 291,084 827,691 47,374 99,401 130,552 210,137 304,585 (6,236) (298,349) 35,642 46,841 4,319 20,224 -21,853 (-23,294) (1,441) 35,004 9,146 198,713 (225,501) (-26,788) 82,443 17,218 17,006 20,081 15,193 12,944 -37,386 (-30,970) (-6,416) 281,640 869,550 43,281 107,107 144,747 217,290 319,565 (5,683) (313,881) 37,559 70,677 5,218 21,000 -4,228 (-5,331) (1,103) 38,066 10,620 202,932 (232,135) (-29,203) 74,725 17,067 16,189 14,795 15,516 11,159 -37,772 (-31,362) (-6,409) 272,063 923,788 51,020 115,399 159,855 223,806 335,846 (5,476) (330,370) 37,862 59,113 4,936 21,889 -17,808 (-15,839) (-1,969) 39,350 10,746 232,134 (265,439) (-33,305) 73,099 16,429 16,692 9,671 16,508 13,799 -44,455 (-38,023) (-6,432) 265,748 958,274 48,311 119,365 174,225 229,746 349,671 (5,802) (343,869) 36,956 64,170 2,839 21,503 -10,478 (-10,298) (-180) 39,565 10,741 241,053 (277,560) (-36,507) 68,859 13,487 16,684 9,035 17,898 11,755 -37,620 (-31,342) (-6,278) 270,502 1,002,389 48,972 123,832 190,016 235,035 365,251 (6,879) (358,372) 39,283 59,852 1,475 21,201 -14,640 (-14,591) (-49) 40,767 11,049 243,984 (285,198) (-41,214) 74,362 15,173 17,136 8,889 20,617 12,547 -49,973 (-43,490) (-6,483) 268,194 1,033,465 50,512 131,425 192,822 237,750 379,215 (9,146) (370,069) 41,741 74,669 1,270 22,278 1,007 (790) (217) 40,343 9,771 241,118 (287,748) (-46,630) 82,206 13,054 18,172 12,077 23,359 15,544 -47,194 (-40,142) (-7,052) 1,324,226 1,381,529 1,409,386 1,461,752 1,515,742 1,560,484 1,601,116 1,652,458 (1,082,539) (1,129,191) (1,142,799) (1,182,380) (1,227,078) (1,259,580) (1,290,490) (1,335,854) (241,687) (252,338) (266,587) (279,372) (288,664) (300,904) (310,626) (316,604) As percentages of outlays: National defense ............................................................................................................... Human resources ............................................................................................................. Physical resources ........................................................................................................... Net interest ....................................................................................................................... Other functions ................................................................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................... 20.6 52.1 10.2 14.7 5.4 -3.0 21.6 55.9 5.5 14.4 5.4 -2.8 20.7 58.7 3.3 14.1 5.8 -2.7 19.3 59.5 4.8 13.9 5.1 -2.6 17.9 60.9 3.9 15.3 4.8 -2.9 17.0 61.4 4.1 15.4 4.4 -2.4 16.9 62.6 3.7 15.2 4.6 -3.1 16.2 62.5 4.5 14.6 5.0 -2.9 Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 100.0 (81.7) (18.3) 100.0 (81.7) (18.3) 100.0 (81.1) (18.9) 100.0 (80.9) (19.1) 100.0 (81.0) (19.0) 100.0 (80.7) (19.3) 100.0 (80.6) (19.4) 100.0 (80.8) (19.2) National defense ............................................................................................................... Human resources ............................................................................................................. Physical resources ........................................................................................................... Net interest ....................................................................................................................... Other functions ................................................................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................... 4.5 11.3 2.2 3.2 1.2 -0.6 4.6 12.0 1.2 3.1 1.2 -0.6 4.3 12.2 0.7 2.9 1.2 -0.6 3.9 12.1 1.0 2.8 1.0 -0.5 3.6 12.2 0.8 3.1 1.0 -0.6 3.3 12.0 0.8 3.0 0.9 -0.5 3.2 11.8 0.7 2.9 0.9 -0.6 3.0 11.5 0.8 2.7 0.9 -0.5 Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 21.7 (17.7) (4.0) 21.5 (17.5) (3.9) 20.7 (16.8) (3.9) 20.3 (16.4) (3.9) 20.0 (16.2) (3.8) 19.6 (15.8) (3.8) 18.9 (15.2) (3.7) 18.5 (14.9) (3.5) As percentages of GDP: Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2022—Continued Superfunction and Function 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 In millions of dollars: National Defense ............................................................................................................ Human resources ........................................................................................................... Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ............................................. Health .......................................................................................................................... Medicare ...................................................................................................................... Income Security ........................................................................................................... Social Security ............................................................................................................. (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Veterans Benefits and Services .................................................................................. Physical resources ......................................................................................................... Energy ......................................................................................................................... Natural Resources and Environment .......................................................................... Commerce and Housing Credit ................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Transportation .............................................................................................................. Community and Regional Development ...................................................................... Net interest ...................................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Other functions ............................................................................................................... International Affairs ...................................................................................................... General Science, Space, and Technology .................................................................. Agriculture .................................................................................................................... Administration of Justice ............................................................................................. General Government ................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts .................................................................................. (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 274,769 1,057,770 50,605 141,048 190,447 242,478 390,037 (10,824) (379,213) 43,155 81,892 911 23,943 2,641 (1,620) (1,021) 42,532 11,865 229,755 (281,826) (-52,071) 98,101 15,239 18,084 22,879 26,536 15,363 -40,445 (-33,060) (-7,385) 294,363 1,115,517 53,764 154,504 197,113 253,724 409,423 (13,254) (396,169) 46,989 84,925 -761 25,003 3,207 (1,178) (2,029) 46,853 10,623 222,949 (282,745) (-59,796) 113,777 17,213 18,594 36,458 28,499 13,013 -42,581 (-34,944) (-7,637) 304,732 1,194,417 57,094 172,233 217,384 269,774 432,958 (11,701) (421,257) 44,974 97,492 9 25,532 5,731 (3,429) (2,302) 54,447 11,773 206,167 (274,978) (-68,811) 107,049 16,485 19,753 26,252 30,201 14,358 -47,011 (-39,101) (-7,910) 348,456 1,317,547 70,566 196,497 230,855 312,720 455,980 (13,969) (442,011) 50,929 104,308 475 29,426 -407 (244) (-651) 61,833 12,981 170,949 (247,769) (-76,820) 117,026 22,315 20,734 21,965 35,061 16,951 -47,392 (-38,514) (-8,878) 404,733 1,417,857 82,587 219,541 249,433 334,632 474,680 (13,279) (461,401) 56,984 115,588 -725 29,667 727 (5,972) (-5,245) 67,069 18,850 153,073 (236,618) (-83,545) 123,030 21,199 20,831 22,496 35,340 23,164 -54,382 (-44,780) (-9,602) 455,813 1,485,809 87,974 240,122 269,360 333,059 495,548 (14,348) (481,200) 59,746 116,259 -147 30,694 5,265 (9,395) (-4,130) 64,627 15,820 160,245 (246,473) (-86,228) 133,252 26,870 23,029 15,439 45,576 22,338 -58,537 (-47,206) (-11,331) 495,294 1,586,013 97,555 250,548 298,638 345,847 523,305 (16,526) (506,779) 70,120 130,145 440 27,983 7,566 (9,357) (-1,791) 67,894 26,262 183,986 (275,822) (-91,836) 141,743 34,565 23,597 26,565 40,019 16,997 -65,224 (-54,283) (-10,941) 521,820 1,671,926 118,482 252,739 329,868 352,477 548,549 (16,058) (532,491) 69,811 164,706 785 33,025 6,187 (7,262) (-1,075) 70,244 54,465 226,603 (324,325) (-97,722) 138,245 29,499 23,584 25,969 41,016 18,177 -68,250 (-56,625) (-11,625) 1,701,842 1,788,950 1,862,846 2,010,894 2,159,899 2,292,841 2,471,957 2,655,050 (1,381,064) (1,458,185) (1,516,008) (1,655,232) (1,796,890) (1,913,330) (2,069,746) (2,232,981) (320,778) (330,765) (346,838) (355,662) (363,009) (379,511) (402,211) (422,069) As percentages of outlays: National defense ............................................................................................................... Human resources ............................................................................................................. Physical resources ........................................................................................................... Net interest ....................................................................................................................... Other functions ................................................................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................... 16.1 62.2 4.8 13.5 5.8 -2.4 16.5 62.4 4.7 12.5 6.4 -2.4 16.4 64.1 5.2 11.1 5.7 -2.5 17.3 65.5 5.2 8.5 5.8 -2.4 18.7 65.6 5.4 7.1 5.7 -2.5 19.9 64.8 5.1 7.0 5.8 -2.6 20.0 64.2 5.3 7.4 5.7 -2.6 19.7 63.0 6.2 8.5 5.2 -2.6 Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 100.0 (81.2) (18.8) 100.0 (81.5) (18.5) 100.0 (81.4) (18.6) 100.0 (82.3) (17.7) 100.0 (83.2) (16.8) 100.0 (83.4) (16.6) 100.0 (83.7) (16.3) 100.0 (84.1) (15.9) National defense ............................................................................................................... Human resources ............................................................................................................. Physical resources ........................................................................................................... Net interest ....................................................................................................................... Other functions ................................................................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................... 2.9 11.1 0.9 2.4 1.0 -0.4 2.9 11.0 0.8 2.2 1.1 -0.4 2.9 11.3 0.9 2.0 1.0 -0.4 3.2 12.1 1.0 1.6 1.1 -0.4 3.6 12.5 1.0 1.4 1.1 -0.5 3.8 12.3 1.0 1.3 1.1 -0.5 3.8 12.3 1.0 1.4 1.1 -0.5 3.8 12.2 1.2 1.7 1.0 -0.5 Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 17.9 (14.5) (3.4) 17.6 (14.4) (3.3) 17.6 (14.3) (3.3) 18.5 (15.2) (3.3) 19.1 (15.9) (3.2) 19.0 (15.8) (3.1) 19.2 (16.1) (3.1) 19.4 (16.3) (3.1) As percentages of GDP: Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2022—Continued Superfunction and Function 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 In millions of dollars: National Defense ............................................................................................................ Human resources ........................................................................................................... Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ............................................. Health .......................................................................................................................... Medicare ...................................................................................................................... Income Security ........................................................................................................... Social Security ............................................................................................................. (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Veterans Benefits and Services .................................................................................. Physical resources ......................................................................................................... Energy ......................................................................................................................... Natural Resources and Environment .......................................................................... Commerce and Housing Credit ................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Transportation .............................................................................................................. Community and Regional Development ...................................................................... Net interest ...................................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Other functions ............................................................................................................... International Affairs ...................................................................................................... General Science, Space, and Technology .................................................................. Agriculture .................................................................................................................... Administration of Justice ............................................................................................. General Government ................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts .................................................................................. (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 551,258 1,758,391 91,656 266,382 375,407 365,975 586,153 (19,307) (566,846) 72,818 133,828 -852 31,721 487 (-4,606) (5,093) 72,905 29,567 237,109 (343,112) (-106,003) 130,338 28,482 24,407 17,662 42,362 17,425 -82,238 (-69,939) (-12,299) 616,066 1,895,637 91,287 280,599 390,758 431,313 617,027 (17,830) (599,197) 84,653 161,889 631 31,820 27,870 (25,453) (2,417) 77,616 23,952 252,757 (366,475) (-113,718) 142,437 28,857 26,773 18,387 48,097 20,323 -86,242 (-73,097) (-13,145) 661,012 2,155,793 79,749 334,335 430,093 533,224 682,963 (34,071) (648,892) 95,429 443,828 4,755 35,573 291,535 (291,231) (304) 84,289 27,676 186,902 (304,856) (-117,954) 162,781 37,529 28,417 22,237 52,581 22,017 -92,639 (-78,413) (-14,226) 693,485 2,386,633 128,598 369,068 451,636 622,210 706,737 (23,317) (683,420) 108,384 88,835 11,618 43,667 -82,316 (-87,016) (4,700) 91,972 23,894 196,194 (314,696) (-118,502) 174,048 45,195 30,100 21,356 54,383 23,014 -82,116 (-67,180) (-14,936) 705,554 2,414,739 101,233 372,504 485,653 597,349 730,811 (101,933) (628,878) 127,189 161,932 12,174 45,473 -12,564 (-13,372) (808) 92,966 23,883 229,962 (345,943) (-115,981) 179,345 45,685 29,466 20,662 56,056 27,476 -88,467 (-73,368) (-15,099) 677,852 2,348,587 90,823 346,742 471,793 541,344 773,290 (140,387) (632,903) 124,595 215,287 14,858 41,631 40,647 (37,977) (2,670) 93,019 25,132 220,408 (332,801) (-112,393) 178,347 47,184 29,060 17,791 56,277 28,035 -103,536 (-87,944) (-15,592) 633,446 2,417,949 72,808 358,315 497,826 536,511 813,551 (56,009) (757,542) 138,938 89,997 11,042 38,145 -83,199 (-81,286) (-1,913) 91,673 32,336 220,885 (326,535) (-105,650) 185,155 46,231 28,908 29,678 52,601 27,737 -92,785 (-76,617) (-16,168) 603,457 2,525,545 90,615 409,449 511,688 513,644 850,533 (25,946) (824,587) 149,616 59,165 5,270 36,171 -94,861 (-92,330) (-2,531) 91,915 20,670 228,956 (329,222) (-100,266) 177,012 46,686 28,570 24,386 50,457 26,913 -88,044 (-72,307) (-15,737) 2,728,686 2,982,544 3,517,677 3,457,079 3,603,065 3,536,945 3,454,647 3,506,091 (2,275,049) (2,507,793) (3,000,661) (2,902,397) (3,104,459) (3,029,357) (2,820,836) (2,800,038) (453,637) (474,751) (517,016) (554,682) (498,606) (507,588) (633,811) (706,053) As percentages of outlays: National defense ............................................................................................................... Human resources ............................................................................................................. Physical resources ........................................................................................................... Net interest ....................................................................................................................... Other functions ................................................................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................... 20.2 64.4 4.9 8.7 4.8 -3.0 20.7 63.6 5.4 8.5 4.8 -2.9 18.8 61.3 12.6 5.3 4.6 -2.6 20.1 69.0 2.6 5.7 5.0 -2.4 19.6 67.0 4.5 6.4 5.0 -2.5 19.2 66.4 6.1 6.2 5.0 -2.9 18.3 70.0 2.6 6.4 5.4 -2.7 17.2 72.0 1.7 6.5 5.0 -2.5 Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 100.0 (83.4) (16.6) 100.0 (84.1) (15.9) 100.0 (85.3) (14.7) 100.0 (84.0) (16.0) 100.0 (86.2) (13.8) 100.0 (85.6) (14.4) 100.0 (81.7) (18.3) 100.0 (79.9) (20.1) National defense ............................................................................................................... Human resources ............................................................................................................. Physical resources ........................................................................................................... Net interest ....................................................................................................................... Other functions ................................................................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................... 3.8 12.3 0.9 1.7 0.9 -0.6 4.2 12.8 1.1 1.7 1.0 -0.6 4.6 15.0 3.1 1.3 1.1 -0.6 4.7 16.1 0.6 1.3 1.2 -0.6 4.6 15.7 1.1 1.5 1.2 -0.6 4.2 14.7 1.3 1.4 1.1 -0.6 3.8 14.6 0.5 1.3 1.1 -0.6 3.5 14.7 0.3 1.3 1.0 -0.5 Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 19.1 (15.9) (3.2) 20.2 (17.0) (3.2) 24.4 (20.8) (3.6) 23.4 (19.6) (3.7) 23.4 (20.2) (3.2) 22.1 (18.9) (3.2) 20.9 (17.1) (3.8) 20.4 (16.3) (4.1) As percentages of GDP: Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2022—Continued Superfunction and Function 2015 2016 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 602,783 2,933,059 146,996 545,665 599,677 513,910 951,854 (37,580) (914,274) 174,957 144,807 6,020 40,615 -17,675 (-22,885) (5,210) 93,780 22,067 276,215 (362,721) (-86,506) 198,754 56,413 31,101 21,100 67,808 26,254 -3,922 -93,395 (-75,896) (-17,499) 652,570 675,117 679,832 677,802 672,853 2,901,101 3,073,171 3,157,797 3,275,291 3,479,382 96,464 94,678 91,217 90,612 88,549 532,052 550,396 506,746 484,259 485,392 588,411 652,362 706,368 762,248 858,033 495,889 506,071 509,116 518,451 536,771 1,010,388 1,075,081 1,142,437 1,210,446 1,284,389 (41,055) (45,035) (49,208) (53,758) (58,384) (969,333) (1,030,046) (1,093,229) (1,156,688) (1,226,005) 177,897 194,583 201,913 209,275 226,248 130,386 130,414 129,720 114,092 106,964 2,731 -1,054 442 -631 -670 37,546 35,984 36,623 36,172 35,115 -24,845 -20,575 -17,745 -21,026 -17,883 (-25,040) (-17,670) (-15,305) (-18,989) (-16,155) (195) (-2,905) (-2,440) (-2,037) (-1,728) 91,827 91,676 90,477 81,529 75,822 23,127 24,383 19,923 18,048 14,580 314,885 371,071 428,059 481,241 528,173 (399,645) (455,813) (511,672) (563,883) (608,023) (-84,760) (-84,742) (-83,613) (-82,642) (-79,850) 199,908 176,979 163,298 155,824 132,637 55,473 45,958 38,495 33,789 30,664 30,645 30,497 30,373 30,220 30,067 26,632 19,204 16,849 19,624 18,081 64,984 64,030 64,251 64,896 65,597 27,173 27,502 27,460 25,844 26,105 -4,999 -10,212 -14,130 -18,549 -37,877 -104,400 -87,188 -88,627 -87,568 -88,265 (-86,290) (-68,387) (-69,214) (-67,521) (-67,452) (-18,110) (-18,801) (-19,413) (-20,047) (-20,813) In millions of dollars: National Defense ............................................................................................................ Human resources ........................................................................................................... Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ............................................. Health .......................................................................................................................... Medicare ...................................................................................................................... Income Security ........................................................................................................... Social Security ............................................................................................................. (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Veterans Benefits and Services .................................................................................. Physical resources ......................................................................................................... Energy ......................................................................................................................... Natural Resources and Environment .......................................................................... Commerce and Housing Credit ................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Transportation .............................................................................................................. Community and Regional Development ...................................................................... Net interest ...................................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Other functions ............................................................................................................... International Affairs ...................................................................................................... General Science, Space, and Technology .................................................................. Agriculture .................................................................................................................... Administration of Justice ............................................................................................. General Government ................................................................................................... Allowances ................................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts .................................................................................. (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 589,659 2,706,827 122,061 482,230 546,202 508,843 887,753 (30,990) (856,763) 159,738 115,169 6,838 36,034 -37,905 (-36,195) (-1,710) 89,533 20,669 223,181 (319,149) (-95,968) 169,350 48,576 29,412 18,500 51,906 20,956 .......... -115,803 (-99,795) (-16,008) 593,372 2,820,312 109,737 511,317 594,536 514,139 916,067 (32,522) (883,545) 174,516 121,882 3,719 39,534 -34,077 (-32,716) (-1,361) 92,566 20,140 240,033 (330,608) (-90,575) 172,264 45,306 30,174 18,342 55,768 22,674 .......... -95,251 (-78,315) (-16,936) 3,688,383 3,852,612 4,062,223 4,094,450 4,339,564 4,470,079 4,616,682 4,831,744 (2,945,306) (3,077,939) (3,246,744) (3,227,792) (3,415,966) (3,482,316) (3,564,720) (3,708,130) (743,077) (774,673) (815,479) (866,658) (923,598) (987,763) (1,051,962) (1,123,614) As percentages of outlays: National defense ............................................................................................................... Human resources ............................................................................................................. Physical resources ........................................................................................................... Net interest ....................................................................................................................... Other functions ................................................................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................... 16.0 73.4 3.1 6.1 4.6 -3.1 15.4 73.2 3.2 6.2 4.5 -2.5 14.8 72.2 3.6 6.8 4.9 -2.3 15.9 70.9 3.2 7.7 4.9 -2.5 15.6 70.8 3.0 8.6 4.1 -2.0 15.2 70.6 2.9 9.6 3.7 -2.0 14.7 70.9 2.5 10.4 3.4 -1.9 13.9 72.0 2.2 10.9 2.7 -1.8 Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 100.0 (79.9) (20.1) 100.0 (79.9) (20.1) 100.0 (79.9) (20.1) 100.0 (78.8) (21.2) 100.0 (78.7) (21.3) 100.0 (77.9) (22.1) 100.0 (77.2) (22.8) 100.0 (76.7) (23.3) National defense ............................................................................................................... Human resources ............................................................................................................. Physical resources ........................................................................................................... Net interest ....................................................................................................................... Other functions ................................................................................................................. Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................... 3.3 15.1 0.6 1.2 0.9 -0.6 3.2 15.3 0.7 1.3 0.9 -0.5 3.1 15.3 0.8 1.4 1.0 -0.5 3.3 14.5 0.7 1.6 1.0 -0.5 3.2 14.7 0.6 1.8 0.8 -0.4 3.1 14.4 0.6 1.9 0.7 -0.4 2.9 14.2 0.5 2.1 0.7 -0.4 2.8 14.3 0.4 2.2 0.5 -0.4 Total, Federal outlays ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 20.6 (16.5) (4.2) 20.9 (16.7) (4.2) 21.2 (16.9) (4.3) 20.5 (16.1) (4.3) 20.7 (16.3) (4.4) 20.3 (15.8) (4.5) 20.0 (15.4) (4.6) 19.9 (15.3) (4.6) As percentages of GDP: Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel ........................................................................... Operation and Maintenance ........................................................... Procurement ................................................................................... Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .............................. Military Construction ....................................................................... Family Housing ............................................................................... Other ............................................................................................... 16,331 11,594 14,532 6,319 1,347 259 -271 16,256 11,874 16,632 6,376 1,144 563 -1,696 17,422 11,932 15,351 7,021 1,026 550 -717 17,913 12,349 11,839 6,236 1,007 563 -1,127 20,009 14,710 14,339 6,259 1,334 569 -590 22,952 19,000 19,012 7,160 1,536 485 -76 25,118 20,578 23,283 7,747 1,281 495 1,853 26,914 22,227 23,988 7,457 1,389 574 -1,777 29,032 21,609 21,584 7,166 1,168 614 -1,050 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military .................................... 053 Atomic energy defense activities .................................................. 054 Defense-related activities ............................................................. 50,111 2,074 160 51,147 2,041 212 52,585 1,902 270 48,780 1,620 220 56,629 1,466 16 70,069 1,277 71 80,355 1,336 235 80,771 1,389 337 80,123 1,415 154 Total, National Defense ....................................................................... 52,345 53,400 54,757 50,620 58,111 71,417 81,926 82,497 81,692 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance ............. 152 International security assistance .................................................. 153 Conduct of foreign affairs ............................................................. 154 Foreign information and exchange activities ................................ 155 International financial programs ................................................... 2,883 1,958 249 197 353 3,079 2,185 346 201 -503 3,367 1,830 231 207 -690 3,357 1,599 336 224 -242 3,478 1,590 354 228 -69 3,085 1,530 369 245 338 2,879 1,051 354 253 765 2,484 1,102 370 237 407 2,341 1,094 398 235 261 Total, International Affairs .................................................................... 5,639 5,308 4,945 5,273 5,580 5,566 5,301 4,600 4,330 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research ............................................ 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities .......................... 497 1,226 534 2,516 766 4,131 789 5,034 858 5,858 897 5,336 930 4,594 938 4,082 947 3,564 Total, General Science, Space, and Technology ................................ 1,723 3,051 4,897 5,823 6,717 6,233 5,524 5,020 4,511 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply ............................................................................... 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ................................... 533 71 451 80 485 87 602 97 510 101 673 109 918 118 887 122 856 142 Total, Energy ........................................................................................ 604 530 572 699 612 782 1,037 1,010 997 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources ........................................................................... 302 Conservation and land management ........................................... 303 Recreational resources ................................................................ 304 Pollution control and abatement ................................................... 306 Other natural resources ................................................................ 1,290 376 123 70 186 1,448 357 148 87 212 1,461 364 167 117 255 1,546 384 175 134 292 1,704 351 189 158 317 1,685 417 222 190 354 1,644 457 269 249 370 1,591 323 315 303 368 1,514 436 303 384 428 Total, Natural Resources and Environment ......................................... 2,044 2,251 2,364 2,531 2,719 2,869 2,988 2,900 3,065 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization ............................................................. 352 Agricultural research and services ............................................... 3,222 340 4,047 337 4,241 368 3,551 404 2,004 444 2,515 475 4,032 512 5,304 521 4,589 577 Total, Agriculture .................................................................................. 3,562 4,384 4,609 3,954 2,447 2,990 4,544 5,826 5,166 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit ............................................................................. 372 Postal service ............................................................................... 373 Deposit insurance ......................................................................... 376 Other advancement of commerce ................................................ 650 797 -394 371 -592 770 -423 307 -54 578 -436 331 277 805 -389 465 2,494 888 -486 348 2,846 1,141 -401 394 3,261 1,080 -522 462 -720 920 -603 284 590 1,510 -501 513 Total, Commerce and Housing Credit ................................................. 1,424 62 418 1,157 3,245 3,979 4,280 -119 2,112 See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation .................................................................. 402 Air transportation .......................................................................... 403 Water transportation ..................................................................... 407 Other transportation ..................................................................... 2,855 818 617 .......... 3,090 851 655 .......... 3,715 882 646 .......... 4,105 941 717 .......... 4,072 961 695 3 4,139 1,042 749 6 4,378 1,084 841 13 4,443 1,206 857 21 4,678 1,408 895 26 Total, Transportation ............................................................................ 4,290 4,596 5,242 5,763 5,730 5,936 6,316 6,526 7,008 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development .............................................................. 452 Area and regional development ................................................... 453 Disaster relief and insurance ........................................................ 266 179 23 233 307 34 316 592 25 413 648 53 423 448 234 580 450 78 649 613 120 833 679 40 1,449 685 257 Total, Community and Regional Development .................................... 469 574 933 1,114 1,105 1,108 1,382 1,552 2,392 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ....................... 502 Higher education .......................................................................... 503 Research and general education aids .......................................... 504 Training and employment ............................................................. 505 Other labor services ..................................................................... 506 Social services .............................................................................. 482 328 58 189 74 110 553 426 55 203 84 137 579 382 62 291 72 169 719 413 92 528 97 291 1,627 706 122 983 101 823 2,310 1,161 156 1,233 107 1,486 2,516 1,394 240 1,582 112 1,791 2,470 1,234 210 1,560 122 1,952 2,893 1,387 355 1,602 135 2,263 Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ............ 1,241 1,458 1,555 2,140 4,363 6,453 7,634 7,548 8,634 550 Health: 551 Health care services ..................................................................... 552 Health research and training ........................................................ 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety ............................ 528 580 89 623 722 106 740 925 123 881 780 130 1,486 918 138 2,004 1,184 163 2,694 1,517 179 3,360 1,599 203 3,993 1,688 226 Total, Health ......................................................................................... 1,198 1,451 1,788 1,791 2,543 3,351 4,390 5,162 5,907 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare ....................................................................................... .......... .......... .......... .......... 64 2,748 4,649 5,695 6,213 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............................................................................................... 602 Federal employee retirement and disability ................................. 603 Unemployment compensation ...................................................... 604 Housing assistance ...................................................................... 605 Food and nutrition assistance ...................................................... 609 Other income security .................................................................. 661 632 682 668 736 731 944 1,035 1,032 1,959 3,809 165 275 2,338 2,240 3,344 179 284 2,633 2,554 3,178 150 308 2,785 2,865 2,577 231 299 2,828 3,326 2,215 238 363 2,799 3,802 2,263 271 418 2,776 4,285 2,527 312 505 3,243 4,782 2,577 383 587 3,712 5,545 3,359 499 960 4,260 Total, Income Security ......................................................................... 9,207 9,311 9,657 9,469 9,678 10,261 11,816 13,076 15,655 650 Social Security: 651 Social security .............................................................................. (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... 14,365 .......... (14,365) 15,788 .......... (15,788) 16,620 .......... (16,620) 17,460 .......... (17,460) 20,694 .......... (20,694) 21,725 (94) (21,631) 23,854 (94) (23,760) 27,298 (414) (26,885) 30,270 (458) (29,812) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans ........................................................ 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ........................... 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans ........................................ 704 Veterans housing .......................................................................... 705 Other veterans benefits and services ........................................... 3,970 151 1,084 242 172 4,208 95 1,145 -104 171 4,148 71 1,229 49 179 4,216 52 1,269 5 173 4,185 51 1,318 173 188 4,547 300 1,390 308 190 4,668 470 1,468 215 212 5,041 691 1,562 107 230 5,552 1,002 1,798 62 255 Total, Veterans Benefits and Services ................................................. 5,619 5,514 5,675 5,716 5,916 6,735 7,032 7,631 8,669 See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities ............................................... 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ......................................... 753 Federal correctional activities ....................................................... 754 Criminal justice assistance ........................................................... 269 111 49 .......... 288 124 53 .......... 306 131 53 .......... 333 146 57 .......... 355 153 55 1 389 165 58 6 409 178 63 8 470 202 65 29 571 245 79 65 Total, Administration of Justice ............................................................ 429 465 489 536 564 618 659 766 959 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions ..................................................................... 802 Executive direction and management .......................................... 803 Central fiscal operations ............................................................... 804 General property and records management ................................ 805 Central personnel management ................................................... 806 General purpose fiscal assistance ............................................... 808 Other general government ........................................................... 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ................................................. 178 12 492 403 22 212 28 -299 176 13 542 439 22 232 63 -257 174 15 607 532 23 241 150 -224 189 17 636 624 23 238 39 -266 208 17 671 575 25 268 79 -241 218 19 725 646 19 305 101 -314 237 21 745 497 37 339 126 -245 254 25 790 543 38 430 40 -181 303 30 914 551 44 535 121 -177 Total, General Government ................................................................. 1,049 1,230 1,518 1,499 1,603 1,719 1,757 1,939 2,320 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ................................. 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ................................... 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ................................... 908 Other interest ................................................................................ 9,120 -824 -609 -797 9,895 -895 -582 -678 10,666 -1,006 -607 -855 11,346 -1,121 -648 -986 12,014 -1,259 -642 -727 13,391 -1,492 -792 -839 14,573 -1,689 -979 -816 16,588 -1,953 -1,149 -788 19,304 -2,367 -1,568 -989 Total, Net Interest ................................................................................ 6,889 7,740 8,199 8,591 9,386 10,268 11,090 12,699 14,380 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (7,498) (-609) (8,322) (-582) (8,805) (-607) (9,239) (-648) (10,028) (-642) (11,060) (-792) (12,069) (-979) (13,848) (-1,149) (15,948) (-1,568) 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ..................... 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ..................... 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ..................... -5,042 -221 -12 -5,188 -242 -367 -5,413 -279 -16 -5,572 -282 -53 -5,957 -337 -248 -6,242 -415 -637 -6,639 -445 -961 -7,026 -532 -428 -7,808 -637 -187 Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts .............................................. -5,274 -5,797 -5,708 -5,908 -6,542 -7,294 -8,045 -7,986 -8,632 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (-5,053) (-221) (-5,555) (-242) (-5,429) (-279) (-5,626) (-282) (-6,205) (-337) (-6,879) (-415) (-7,600) (-445) (-7,454) (-532) (-7,995) (-637) Total outlays ............................................................................................ 106,821 111,316 118,528 118,228 134,532 157,464 178,134 183,640 195,649 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (93,286) (13,535) (96,352) (14,964) (102,794) (15,734) (101,699) (16,529) (114,817) (19,715) (137,040) (20,424) (155,798) (22,336) (158,436) (25,204) (168,042) (27,607) See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel ........................................................................... Operation and Maintenance ........................................................... Procurement ................................................................................... Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .............................. Military Construction ....................................................................... Family Housing ............................................................................... Other ............................................................................................... 29,079 20,941 18,858 7,303 1,095 598 -376 29,571 21,675 17,131 7,881 1,108 688 -409 29,773 21,069 15,654 8,157 1,119 729 -1,468 30,409 22,478 15,241 8,582 1,407 884 -1,137 32,162 26,297 16,042 8,866 1,462 1,124 -1,101 32,546 27,837 15,964 8,923 2,019 1,192 -563 8,268 7,232 3,766 2,206 376 296 -338 33,672 30,587 18,178 9,795 1,914 1,358 -357 35,553 33,580 19,976 10,508 1,932 1,405 -694 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military .................................... 053 Atomic energy defense activities .................................................. 054 Defense-related activities ............................................................. 77,497 1,385 -10 77,645 1,373 156 75,033 1,409 240 77,864 1,486 -3 84,852 1,506 151 87,917 1,565 137 21,807 435 27 95,147 1,936 158 102,259 2,070 166 Total, National Defense ....................................................................... 78,872 79,174 76,681 79,347 86,509 89,619 22,269 97,241 104,495 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance ............. 152 International security assistance .................................................. 153 Conduct of foreign affairs ............................................................. 154 Foreign information and exchange activities ................................ 155 International financial programs ................................................... 2,296 1,367 405 241 -150 2,394 1,446 452 274 215 1,741 1,427 476 295 211 2,430 1,824 609 320 527 3,134 2,535 659 348 421 2,636 2,683 727 382 4 1,119 1,470 263 115 -509 2,823 3,075 982 386 -913 2,647 3,926 1,128 423 -642 Total, International Affairs .................................................................... 4,159 4,781 4,149 5,710 7,097 6,433 2,458 6,353 7,482 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research ............................................ 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities .......................... 1,009 3,172 979 3,196 961 3,071 1,017 2,963 1,038 2,953 1,034 3,338 292 871 1,078 3,657 1,160 3,766 Total, General Science, Space, and Technology ................................ 4,182 4,175 4,032 3,980 3,991 4,373 1,162 4,736 4,926 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply ............................................................................... 272 Energy conservation ..................................................................... 274 Emergency energy preparedness ................................................ 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ................................... 880 .......... .......... 155 1,089 .......... .......... 207 1,007 .......... .......... 231 969 3 .......... 331 2,446 48 33 389 3,530 51 65 558 913 38 32 146 4,841 143 123 664 6,075 221 897 798 Total, Energy ........................................................................................ 1,035 1,296 1,237 1,303 2,916 4,204 1,129 5,770 7,991 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources ........................................................................... 302 Conservation and land management ........................................... 303 Recreational resources ................................................................ 304 Pollution control and abatement ................................................... 306 Other natural resources ................................................................ 1,768 553 397 702 495 1,948 522 439 764 567 2,221 403 464 1,122 565 2,200 243 551 2,035 668 2,608 761 696 2,523 757 2,742 744 739 3,067 891 805 193 207 1,091 228 3,213 736 838 4,279 966 3,431 1,229 1,207 3,965 1,151 Total, Natural Resources and Environment ......................................... 3,915 4,241 4,775 5,697 7,346 8,184 2,524 10,032 10,983 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization ............................................................. 352 Agricultural research and services ............................................... 3,651 639 4,553 675 4,099 722 1,458 736 2,160 837 2,249 860 743 229 5,735 998 10,228 1,073 Total, Agriculture .................................................................................. 4,290 5,227 4,821 2,194 2,997 3,109 972 6,734 11,301 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit ............................................................................. 372 Postal service ............................................................................... (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... 373 Deposit insurance ......................................................................... 376 Other advancement of commerce ................................................ 74 2,183 (2,183) .......... -383 492 550 1,772 (1,418) (355) -597 497 -399 1,567 (1,410) (157) -805 568 2,119 2,471 (1,698) (773) -611 726 5,463 2,989 (1,877) (1,112) 511 984 4,336 2,805 (1,720) (1,085) -573 1,051 562 212 (938) (-726) -63 221 2,609 2,094 (2,267) (-173) -2,788 1,178 4,553 1,282 (1,778) (-496) -988 1,406 Total, Commerce and Housing Credit ................................................. 2,366 2,222 931 4,705 9,947 7,619 931 3,093 6,254 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (2,366) .......... (1,867) (355) (774) (157) (3,932) (773) (8,835) (1,112) (6,534) (1,085) (1,657) (-726) (3,266) (-173) (6,750) (-496) See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation .................................................................. 402 Air transportation .......................................................................... 403 Water transportation ..................................................................... 407 Other transportation ..................................................................... 5,182 1,807 1,027 37 5,356 1,907 1,094 36 5,641 2,159 1,211 56 5,583 2,216 1,316 57 7,027 2,387 1,430 74 9,602 2,531 1,542 65 2,336 578 415 28 10,226 2,786 1,741 76 10,431 3,243 1,787 61 Total, Transportation ............................................................................ 8,052 8,392 9,066 9,172 10,918 13,739 3,358 14,829 15,521 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development .............................................................. 452 Area and regional development ................................................... 453 Disaster relief and insurance ........................................................ 1,728 835 353 2,100 928 396 2,044 981 1,580 2,108 1,339 782 2,318 1,607 398 2,772 2,149 522 896 563 111 3,411 2,961 649 3,298 5,672 2,871 Total, Community and Regional Development .................................... 2,917 3,423 4,605 4,229 4,322 5,442 1,569 7,021 11,841 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ....................... 502 Higher education .......................................................................... 503 Research and general education aids .......................................... 504 Training and employment ............................................................. 505 Other labor services ..................................................................... 506 Social services .............................................................................. 3,333 1,435 295 1,952 157 2,677 3,686 1,448 319 2,894 184 3,998 3,573 1,534 429 3,283 202 3,723 3,573 1,451 621 2,910 219 3,682 4,349 2,182 790 4,063 259 4,380 4,200 2,813 783 6,288 301 4,526 1,074 744 180 1,912 83 1,176 4,638 3,200 894 6,877 374 5,121 5,186 3,710 1,033 10,784 410 5,584 Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ............ 9,849 12,529 12,744 12,455 16,022 18,910 5,169 21,104 26,706 550 Health: 551 Health care services ..................................................................... 552 Health research and training ........................................................ 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety ............................ 4,766 1,801 277 6,205 2,085 383 6,527 2,423 406 7,707 2,497 529 9,519 2,779 632 11,725 3,323 686 2,945 811 168 13,031 3,524 747 13,928 3,752 844 Total, Health ......................................................................................... 6,843 8,674 9,356 10,733 12,930 15,734 3,924 17,302 18,524 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare ....................................................................................... 6,622 7,479 8,052 9,639 12,875 15,834 4,264 19,345 22,768 1,613 1,812 2,596 2,750 4,689 3,248 1,166 3,558 3,365 6,585 6,166 764 2,179 5,640 7,684 7,072 1,125 3,218 6,740 8,902 5,354 1,633 3,641 6,153 10,783 6,065 1,826 4,433 7,856 13,238 13,459 2,059 6,643 10,088 15,484 19,453 2,499 7,959 12,156 4,269 4,004 662 1,824 3,060 17,735 15,315 2,968 8,527 12,957 19,853 11,847 3,682 8,926 13,837 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............................................................................................... 602 Federal employee retirement and disability ................................. 603 Unemployment compensation ...................................................... 604 Housing assistance ...................................................................... 605 Food and nutrition assistance ...................................................... 609 Other income security .................................................................. Total, Income Security ......................................................................... 22,946 27,650 28,278 33,714 50,176 60,799 14,985 61,060 61,509 650 Social Security: 651 Social security .............................................................................. (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... 35,872 (465) (35,408) 40,157 (538) (39,620) 49,090 (526) (48,565) 55,867 (494) (55,373) 64,658 (499) (64,159) 73,899 (515) (73,384) 19,763 .......... (19,763) 85,061 (717) (84,344) 93,861 (741) (93,120) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans ........................................................ 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ........................... 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans ........................................ 704 Veterans housing .......................................................................... 705 Other veterans benefits and services ........................................... 5,973 1,644 2,034 -171 287 6,354 1,942 2,423 -310 310 6,540 2,781 2,710 -368 340 6,794 3,233 3,004 -4 347 7,877 4,561 3,663 39 444 8,369 5,498 4,044 -58 565 2,085 777 1,038 -47 107 9,229 3,683 4,706 -131 536 9,759 3,337 5,252 43 571 Total, Veterans Benefits and Services ................................................. 9,768 10,720 12,003 13,374 16,584 18,419 3,960 18,022 18,961 See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities ............................................... 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ......................................... 753 Federal correctional activities ....................................................... 754 Criminal justice assistance ........................................................... 693 287 94 233 843 347 115 380 1,020 390 140 624 1,129 426 179 770 1,426 550 200 853 1,604 697 208 921 436 213 57 213 1,772 842 240 847 1,944 943 307 729 Total, Administration of Justice ............................................................ 1,307 1,684 2,174 2,505 3,028 3,430 918 3,701 3,923 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions ..................................................................... 802 Executive direction and management .......................................... 803 Central fiscal operations ............................................................... 804 General property and records management ................................ 805 Central personnel management ................................................... 806 General purpose fiscal assistance ............................................... 808 Other general government ........................................................... 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ................................................. 342 38 991 573 51 535 126 -214 404 59 1,155 680 57 672 173 -241 438 71 1,182 818 66 7,350 157 -309 521 117 1,299 968 74 6,888 363 -198 593 63 1,888 395 88 7,184 424 -261 678 68 1,504 46 107 7,232 393 -322 183 16 360 46 25 3,173 227 -150 849 76 1,869 136 100 9,569 448 -256 909 73 1,988 261 129 8,442 448 -289 Total, General Government ................................................................. 2,442 2,960 9,774 10,032 10,374 9,706 3,878 12,791 11,961 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ................................. 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ................................... 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ................................... 908 Other interest ................................................................................ 20,959 -2,820 -1,942 -1,356 21,849 -2,983 -2,106 -1,282 24,167 -3,156 -2,280 -1,382 29,319 -4,064 -2,520 -1,286 32,665 -4,861 -2,803 -1,756 37,076 -4,988 -2,812 -2,549 8,104 -177 -93 -885 41,915 -5,488 -2,650 -3,875 48,712 -6,128 -2,403 -4,724 Total, Net Interest ................................................................................ 14,841 15,478 17,349 21,449 23,244 26,727 6,949 29,901 35,458 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (16,783) (-1,942) (17,584) (-2,106) (19,629) (-2,280) (23,969) (-2,520) (26,047) (-2,803) (29,539) (-2,812) (7,042) (-93) (32,551) (-2,650) (37,860) (-2,403) 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ..................... 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ..................... 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ..................... -8,417 -640 -1,051 -8,646 -657 -279 -8,759 -695 -3,956 -9,236 -764 -6,748 -10,258 -916 -2,428 -10,761 -963 -2,662 -2,646 -249 -1,311 -11,528 -977 -2,374 -12,401 -1,060 -2,259 Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts .............................................. -10,107 -9,583 -13,409 -16,749 -13,602 -14,386 -4,206 -14,879 -15,720 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (-9,467) (-640) (-8,926) (-657) (-12,714) (-695) (-15,985) (-764) (-12,686) (-916) (-13,423) (-963) (-3,957) (-249) (-13,902) (-977) (-14,660) (-1,060) Total outlays ............................................................................................ 210,172 230,681 245,707 269,359 332,332 371,792 95,975 409,218 458,746 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (177,346) (32,826) (193,470) (37,212) (199,961) (45,746) (216,496) (52,862) (270,780) (61,552) (301,098) (70,695) (77,281) (18,695) (328,675) (80,543) (369,585) (89,161) See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel ........................................................................... Operation and Maintenance ........................................................... Procurement ................................................................................... Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .............................. Military Construction ....................................................................... Family Housing ............................................................................... Other ............................................................................................... 37,345 36,440 25,404 11,152 2,080 1,468 -284 40,897 44,788 29,021 13,127 2,450 1,680 -1,050 47,941 51,878 35,191 15,278 2,458 1,721 -605 55,170 59,673 43,271 17,729 2,922 1,993 -65 60,886 64,881 53,624 20,552 3,524 2,126 -1,236 64,158 67,329 61,879 23,113 3,705 2,413 -1,734 67,842 72,336 70,381 27,099 4,260 2,642 548 71,511 75,255 76,517 32,279 5,067 2,819 1,993 72,020 76,167 80,743 33,592 5,853 2,908 2,637 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military .................................... 053 Atomic energy defense activities .................................................. 054 Defense-related activities ............................................................. 113,605 2,541 196 130,912 2,878 206 153,861 3,398 253 180,693 4,309 307 204,356 5,171 375 220,863 6,120 428 245,109 7,098 535 265,440 7,445 487 273,919 7,451 626 Total, National Defense ....................................................................... 116,342 133,995 157,513 185,309 209,903 227,411 252,743 273,373 281,996 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance ............. 152 International security assistance .................................................. 153 Conduct of foreign affairs ............................................................. 154 Foreign information and exchange activities ................................ 155 International financial programs ................................................... 2,910 3,655 1,310 465 -881 3,626 4,763 1,366 534 2,425 4,131 5,095 1,343 528 2,007 3,772 5,416 1,625 575 911 3,955 6,613 1,761 607 -1,089 4,478 7,924 1,869 688 910 5,408 9,391 2,038 802 -1,471 4,967 10,499 2,266 915 -4,501 4,319 7,106 2,206 998 -2,985 Total, International Affairs .................................................................... 7,459 12,714 13,104 12,300 11,848 15,869 16,169 14,146 11,645 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research ............................................ 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities .......................... 1,297 3,937 1,381 4,451 1,476 4,992 1,606 5,593 1,644 6,290 1,842 6,469 2,015 6,607 2,207 6,756 2,243 6,957 Total, General Science, Space, and Technology ................................ 5,234 5,831 6,468 7,199 7,934 8,311 8,622 8,962 9,200 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply ............................................................................... 272 Energy conservation ..................................................................... 274 Emergency energy preparedness ................................................ 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ................................... 7,165 252 1,021 742 8,367 569 342 877 10,202 730 3,280 954 8,263 516 3,877 871 6,143 477 1,855 878 3,255 527 2,518 773 2,615 491 1,838 664 2,839 515 597 739 2,318 281 788 684 Total, Energy ........................................................................................ 9,179 10,156 15,166 13,527 9,353 7,073 5,608 4,690 4,072 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources ........................................................................... 302 Conservation and land management ........................................... 303 Recreational resources ................................................................ 304 Pollution control and abatement ................................................... 306 Other natural resources ................................................................ 3,853 1,070 1,239 4,707 1,266 4,223 1,348 1,372 5,510 1,405 4,132 1,490 1,297 5,170 1,478 3,948 1,365 1,154 5,012 1,519 3,904 1,787 1,170 4,263 1,548 4,070 1,615 1,263 4,044 1,595 4,122 1,860 1,230 4,465 1,668 4,041 1,749 1,141 4,831 1,866 3,783 1,822 1,206 4,869 1,675 Total, Natural Resources and Environment ......................................... 12,135 13,858 13,568 12,998 12,672 12,586 13,345 13,628 13,355 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization ............................................................. 352 Agricultural research and services ............................................... 9,895 1,281 7,441 1,333 9,783 1,458 14,344 1,522 21,316 1,491 11,828 1,649 23,702 1,725 29,570 1,749 24,697 1,770 Total, Agriculture .................................................................................. 11,176 8,774 11,241 15,866 22,807 13,477 25,427 31,319 26,466 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit ............................................................................. 372 Postal service ............................................................................... (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... 373 Deposit insurance ......................................................................... 376 Other advancement of commerce ................................................ 3,991 896 (1,787) (-891) -1,745 1,545 5,887 1,246 (1,677) (-431) -285 2,542 6,063 1,432 (1,343) (89) -1,371 2,083 6,056 154 (707) (-553) -2,056 2,101 5,135 1,111 (789) (322) -1,253 1,688 4,382 1,239 (879) (360) -616 1,954 3,054 1,351 (1,210) (142) -2,198 2,130 934 758 (716) (42) 1,394 1,973 -67 1,593 (650) (943) 3,106 1,802 Total, Commerce and Housing Credit ................................................. 4,686 9,390 8,206 6,256 6,681 6,959 4,337 5,058 6,434 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (5,577) (-891) (9,821) (-431) (8,117) (89) (6,809) (-553) (6,359) (322) (6,599) (360) (4,195) (142) (5,016) (42) (5,492) (943) See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation .................................................................. 402 Air transportation .......................................................................... 403 Water transportation ..................................................................... 407 Other transportation ..................................................................... 12,662 3,355 1,969 93 15,274 3,723 2,229 104 17,074 3,814 2,381 110 14,321 3,526 2,687 90 14,265 4,000 2,969 99 16,158 4,415 3,010 85 17,606 4,895 3,201 137 18,725 5,287 3,964 136 17,150 5,520 3,461 91 Total, Transportation ............................................................................ 18,079 21,329 23,379 20,625 21,334 23,669 25,838 28,113 26,222 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development .............................................................. 452 Area and regional development ................................................... 453 Disaster relief and insurance ........................................................ 4,000 4,868 1,611 4,907 4,303 2,043 5,070 3,818 1,680 4,608 3,841 -102 4,353 3,212 -1 4,520 3,034 119 4,598 3,113 -35 4,094 2,723 416 3,679 1,599 -229 Total, Community and Regional Development .................................... 10,480 11,252 10,568 8,347 7,564 7,673 7,676 7,233 5,049 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ....................... 502 Higher education .......................................................................... 503 Research and general education aids .......................................... 504 Training and employment ............................................................. 505 Other labor services ..................................................................... 506 Social services .............................................................................. 6,123 5,030 1,157 10,833 488 6,588 6,893 6,723 1,212 10,345 551 6,111 7,099 8,767 1,171 9,241 587 6,281 6,722 7,116 1,211 5,464 589 5,508 6,258 7,184 1,155 5,295 599 5,703 6,483 7,318 1,330 4,644 639 6,503 7,598 8,156 1,228 4,972 678 5,957 7,802 8,359 1,265 5,257 672 6,418 7,869 7,361 1,358 5,084 675 6,572 Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ............ 30,218 31,835 33,146 26,609 26,194 26,916 28,589 29,773 28,918 550 Health: 551 Health care services ..................................................................... 552 Health research and training ........................................................ 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety ............................ 15,988 3,607 899 18,003 4,161 1,006 21,205 4,615 1,047 21,786 4,618 1,041 23,008 4,552 1,081 24,522 4,767 1,129 26,984 5,375 1,182 28,848 5,920 1,165 32,614 6,153 1,197 Total, Health ......................................................................................... 20,494 23,169 26,866 27,445 28,641 30,417 33,541 35,933 39,964 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare ....................................................................................... 26,495 32,090 39,149 46,567 52,588 57,540 65,822 70,164 75,120 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............................................................................................... 602 Federal employee retirement and disability ................................. 603 Unemployment compensation ...................................................... 604 Housing assistance ...................................................................... 605 Food and nutrition assistance ...................................................... 609 Other income security .................................................................. 4,373 5,083 5,439 5,571 5,581 5,441 5,617 5,330 5,565 22,676 10,813 4,372 10,787 13,361 26,611 18,051 5,640 14,016 17,163 31,296 19,656 7,757 16,205 19,951 34,345 23,728 8,741 15,581 20,192 36,530 31,464 10,001 17,959 21,506 38,080 18,421 11,273 18,103 22,085 38,621 17,475 25,266 18,590 23,464 41,392 17,753 12,386 18,652 25,173 43,782 17,080 12,658 18,987 26,065 Total, Income Security ......................................................................... 66,382 86,565 100,304 108,158 123,041 113,405 129,032 120,685 124,137 650 Social Security: 651 Social security .............................................................................. (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... 104,073 (757) (103,316) 118,547 (675) (117,872) 139,584 (670) (138,914) 155,964 (844) (155,120) 170,724 (19,993) (150,731) 178,223 (7,056) (171,167) 188,623 (5,189) (183,434) 198,756 (8,072) (190,684) 207,352 (4,930) (202,422) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans ........................................................ 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ........................... 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans ........................................ 704 Veterans housing .......................................................................... 705 Other veterans benefits and services ........................................... 10,793 2,725 5,611 176 609 11,700 2,310 6,513 -4 649 12,921 2,226 6,964 217 645 13,723 1,917 7,517 120 662 14,263 1,598 8,272 17 673 14,412 1,333 8,860 257 712 14,728 1,029 9,546 230 718 15,047 496 9,871 128 772 14,978 424 10,266 344 717 Total, Veterans Benefits and Services ................................................. 19,914 21,169 22,973 23,938 24,824 25,575 26,251 26,314 26,729 See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities ............................................... 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ......................................... 753 Federal correctional activities ....................................................... 754 Criminal justice assistance ........................................................... 2,109 1,130 337 710 2,357 1,347 342 656 2,582 1,491 361 473 2,667 1,517 364 294 3,033 1,627 418 167 3,356 1,825 494 136 3,675 2,064 537 150 3,764 2,176 614 181 4,272 2,482 711 250 Total, Administration of Justice ............................................................ 4,286 4,702 4,908 4,842 5,246 5,811 6,426 6,735 7,715 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions ..................................................................... 802 Executive direction and management .......................................... 803 Central fiscal operations ............................................................... 804 General property and records management ................................ 805 Central personnel management ................................................... 806 General purpose fiscal assistance ............................................... 808 Other general government ........................................................... 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ................................................. 921 81 2,163 255 127 8,369 523 -198 1,038 97 2,603 283 154 8,582 569 -351 1,041 100 2,601 97 159 6,854 745 -222 1,181 96 2,577 194 136 6,390 503 -216 1,196 96 3,039 152 115 6,452 767 -636 1,319 97 3,238 150 139 6,768 548 -513 1,355 113 3,480 39 164 6,353 517 -506 1,383 109 3,625 416 126 6,431 479 -78 1,444 111 3,894 90 143 1,621 806 -623 Total, General Government ................................................................. 12,241 12,975 11,373 10,861 11,181 11,746 11,515 12,491 7,487 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ................................. 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ................................... 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ................................... 908 Other interest ................................................................................ 59,855 -7,727 -2,224 -7,271 74,803 -9,707 -2,339 -10,224 95,535 -11,523 -2,288 -12,958 117,227 -13,995 -2,071 -16,129 128,653 -15,257 -1,845 -21,743 153,866 -17,044 -3,310 -22,410 178,871 -21,838 -4,118 -23,438 190,272 -26,628 -4,329 -23,298 195,242 -29,614 -5,290 -21,727 Total, Net Interest ................................................................................ 42,633 52,533 68,766 85,032 89,808 111,102 129,478 136,017 138,611 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (44,857) (-2,224) (54,872) (-2,339) (71,054) (-2,288) (87,102) (-2,071) (91,653) (-1,845) (114,411) (-3,310) (133,595) (-4,118) (140,346) (-4,329) (143,901) (-5,290) 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ..................... 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ..................... 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ..................... 954 Sale of major assets ..................................................................... -13,095 -1,114 -3,267 .......... -14,638 -1,204 -4,101 .......... -16,473 -1,430 -10,138 .......... -18,203 -1,646 -6,250 .......... -21,706 -1,778 -10,491 .......... -23,219 -2,044 -6,694 .......... -24,648 -2,509 -5,542 .......... -25,434 -2,857 -4,716 .......... -27,259 -3,300 -4,021 -1,875 Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts .............................................. -17,476 -19,942 -28,041 -26,099 -33,976 -31,957 -32,698 -33,007 -36,455 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (-16,362) (-1,114) (-18,738) (-1,204) (-26,611) (-1,430) (-24,453) (-1,646) (-32,198) (-1,778) (-29,913) (-2,044) (-30,189) (-2,509) (-30,150) (-2,857) (-33,155) (-3,300) Total outlays ............................................................................................ 504,028 590,941 678,241 745,743 808,364 851,805 946,344 990,382 1,004,017 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (404,941) (99,087) (477,044) (113,898) (542,956) (135,285) (594,892) (150,851) (660,934) (147,430) (685,632) (166,173) (769,396) (176,949) (806,842) (183,540) (809,243) (194,774) See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel ........................................................................... Operation and Maintenance ........................................................... Procurement ................................................................................... Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .............................. Military Construction ....................................................................... Family Housing ............................................................................... Other ............................................................................................... 76,337 84,436 77,164 34,788 5,874 3,082 209 80,676 86,960 81,619 36,997 5,275 3,257 46 75,622 88,294 80,972 37,454 5,080 3,501 -1,228 83,439 101,715 82,028 34,585 3,497 3,296 -46,236 81,171 91,939 74,880 34,628 4,262 3,271 -3,317 75,904 94,036 69,935 36,964 4,831 3,255 -6,429 73,137 87,868 61,768 34,759 4,979 3,316 2,727 70,809 91,017 54,981 34,590 6,823 3,571 -2,418 66,669 88,711 48,913 36,490 6,683 3,828 1,836 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military .................................... 053 Atomic energy defense activities .................................................. 054 Defense-related activities ............................................................. 281,889 7,913 557 294,829 8,119 606 289,694 8,988 639 262,324 9,998 964 286,834 10,613 899 278,497 11,011 1,577 268,553 11,884 1,202 259,373 11,769 921 253,130 11,637 981 Total, National Defense ....................................................................... 290,360 303,555 299,321 273,285 298,346 291,084 281,640 272,063 265,748 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance ............. 152 International security assistance .................................................. 153 Conduct of foreign affairs ............................................................. 154 Foreign information and exchange activities ................................ 155 International financial programs ................................................... 4,703 4,500 2,726 1,049 -2,513 4,836 1,467 2,885 1,105 -710 5,498 8,652 3,045 1,102 -4,539 5,141 9,823 3,279 1,252 -3,648 6,132 7,490 3,879 1,279 -2,689 5,825 7,639 4,298 1,351 -1,896 7,048 6,642 4,544 1,397 -2,564 7,598 5,252 4,189 1,416 -2,026 6,160 4,565 3,753 1,186 -2,177 Total, International Affairs .................................................................... 10,466 9,583 13,758 15,846 16,090 17,218 17,067 16,429 13,487 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research ............................................ 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities .......................... 2,407 8,413 2,626 10,196 2,818 11,609 3,136 12,957 3,551 12,838 3,914 13,092 3,825 12,363 4,099 12,593 3,991 12,693 Total, General Science, Space, and Technology ................................ 10,820 12,821 14,426 16,092 16,389 17,006 16,189 16,692 16,684 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply ............................................................................... 272 Energy conservation ..................................................................... 274 Emergency energy preparedness ................................................ 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ................................... 746 342 568 640 1,230 333 621 521 1,976 365 442 558 1,945 386 -235 340 3,226 468 319 486 3,286 521 336 176 3,899 582 275 462 3,584 671 223 458 1,649 624 141 425 Total, Energy ........................................................................................ 2,296 2,705 3,341 2,436 4,499 4,319 5,218 4,936 2,839 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources ........................................................................... 302 Conservation and land management ........................................... 303 Recreational resources ................................................................ 304 Pollution control and abatement ................................................... 306 Other natural resources ................................................................ 4,034 2,589 1,268 4,832 1,878 4,271 3,792 1,336 4,878 1,890 4,401 4,030 1,388 5,156 2,080 4,366 4,646 1,531 5,854 2,148 4,559 5,268 1,681 6,073 2,420 4,258 5,498 1,890 6,066 2,512 4,488 5,789 1,871 6,042 2,811 4,625 5,958 1,998 6,502 2,806 4,536 5,980 1,933 6,180 2,874 Total, Natural Resources and Environment ......................................... 14,601 16,169 17,055 18,544 20,001 20,224 21,000 21,889 21,503 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization ............................................................. 352 Agricultural research and services ............................................... 15,223 1,865 14,699 1,999 9,550 2,087 12,743 2,143 12,499 2,423 17,557 2,524 12,219 2,575 7,037 2,634 6,478 2,557 Total, Agriculture .................................................................................. 17,088 16,698 11,637 14,886 14,922 20,081 14,795 9,671 9,035 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit ............................................................................. 372 Postal service ............................................................................... (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... 373 Deposit insurance ......................................................................... 376 Other advancement of commerce ................................................ 4,992 2,229 (517) (1,712) 10,020 1,922 4,978 127 (436) (-310) 21,996 2,608 3,845 2,116 (490) (1,626) 57,891 3,747 5,362 1,828 (511) (1,317) 66,232 2,848 4,320 1,169 (511) (659) 2,518 2,911 1,554 1,602 (161) (1,441) -27,957 2,949 -501 1,233 (130) (1,103) -7,570 2,609 -1,038 -1,839 (130) (-1,969) -17,827 2,896 -5,025 -58 (122) (-180) -8,394 2,999 Total, Commerce and Housing Credit ................................................. 19,163 29,709 67,599 76,270 10,918 -21,853 -4,228 -17,808 -10,478 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (17,451) (1,712) (30,019) (-310) (65,973) (1,626) (74,953) (1,317) (10,260) (659) (-23,294) (1,441) (-5,331) (1,103) (-15,839) (-1,969) (-10,298) (-180) See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation .................................................................. 402 Air transportation .......................................................................... 403 Water transportation ..................................................................... 407 Other transportation ..................................................................... 18,148 5,897 3,111 116 17,946 6,622 2,916 124 18,954 7,234 3,151 146 19,545 8,184 3,148 223 20,347 9,313 3,429 244 21,251 10,049 3,423 281 23,940 10,146 3,648 333 25,297 10,020 3,732 301 25,650 10,135 3,460 320 Total, Transportation ............................................................................ 27,272 27,608 29,485 31,099 33,332 35,004 38,066 39,350 39,565 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development .............................................................. 452 Area and regional development ................................................... 453 Disaster relief and insurance ........................................................ 3,448 2,075 -230 3,693 1,894 -226 3,530 2,902 2,098 3,543 2,745 522 3,643 2,317 876 3,681 2,541 2,924 4,133 2,337 4,150 4,744 2,723 3,279 4,860 2,727 3,154 Total, Community and Regional Development .................................... 5,293 5,362 8,531 6,810 6,836 9,146 10,620 10,746 10,741 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ....................... 502 Higher education .......................................................................... 503 Research and general education aids .......................................... 504 Training and employment ............................................................. 505 Other labor services ..................................................................... 506 Social services .............................................................................. 8,377 8,244 1,368 5,215 739 6,984 9,150 10,584 1,507 5,292 786 8,007 9,918 11,107 1,572 5,619 810 8,141 11,372 11,961 1,775 5,934 788 9,401 12,402 11,268 1,995 6,479 884 9,708 13,481 14,474 2,053 6,700 948 9,718 14,258 7,875 2,098 7,097 958 10,994 14,694 14,172 2,128 7,430 965 11,631 14,871 12,191 2,228 7,030 925 11,066 Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ............ 30,928 35,325 37,167 41,231 42,735 47,374 43,281 51,020 48,311 550 Health: 551 Health care services ..................................................................... 552 Health research and training ........................................................ 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety ............................ 36,016 7,182 1,285 39,158 7,865 1,356 47,641 8,596 1,462 60,722 8,886 1,560 77,717 10,012 1,757 86,858 10,781 1,762 94,259 10,986 1,863 101,912 11,569 1,918 106,609 10,827 1,929 Total, Health ......................................................................................... 44,483 48,380 57,699 71,168 89,486 99,401 107,107 115,399 119,365 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare ....................................................................................... 78,878 84,964 98,102 104,489 119,024 130,552 144,747 159,855 174,225 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............................................................................................... 602 Federal employee retirement and disability ................................. 603 Unemployment compensation ...................................................... 604 Housing assistance ...................................................................... 605 Food and nutrition assistance ...................................................... 609 Other income security .................................................................. 5,294 5,650 5,148 4,945 5,483 4,347 5,720 5,106 5,234 46,920 15,271 13,909 20,132 28,903 49,202 15,616 14,717 21,353 31,050 52,037 18,889 15,907 24,131 32,725 56,151 27,084 17,198 28,649 38,605 57,646 39,466 18,944 32,787 45,406 60,093 37,802 21,582 35,312 51,002 62,540 28,729 23,941 36,892 59,468 65,882 23,638 27,590 37,594 63,996 68,071 24,898 26,837 37,933 66,773 Total, Income Security ......................................................................... 130,430 137,589 148,838 172,633 199,732 210,137 217,290 223,806 229,746 650 Social Security: 651 Social security .............................................................................. (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... 219,341 (4,852) (214,489) 232,542 (5,069) (227,473) 248,623 (3,625) (244,998) 269,014 (2,619) (266,395) 287,584 (6,166) (281,418) 304,585 (6,236) (298,349) 319,565 (5,683) (313,881) 335,846 (5,476) (330,370) 349,671 (5,802) (343,869) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans ........................................................ 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ........................... 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans ........................................ 704 Veterans housing .......................................................................... 705 Other veterans benefits and services ........................................... 15,980 424 10,841 1,305 816 16,562 426 11,342 892 780 15,261 245 12,133 530 865 16,981 393 12,889 100 913 17,318 746 14,091 917 966 17,781 788 14,812 1,314 947 19,638 1,075 15,677 212 957 18,993 1,082 16,428 344 1,015 18,228 1,073 16,586 80 989 Total, Veterans Benefits and Services ................................................. 29,367 30,003 29,034 31,275 34,037 35,642 37,559 37,862 36,956 See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities ............................................... 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ......................................... 753 Federal correctional activities ....................................................... 754 Criminal justice assistance ........................................................... 5,235 2,880 930 352 4,889 3,255 1,044 455 4,840 3,577 1,291 477 5,872 4,352 1,600 663 6,687 5,054 2,114 795 6,912 5,336 2,124 822 6,873 5,469 2,315 859 6,646 6,115 2,749 998 7,324 6,067 3,013 1,494 Total, Administration of Justice ............................................................ 9,397 9,644 10,185 12,486 14,650 15,193 15,516 16,508 17,898 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions ..................................................................... 802 Executive direction and management .......................................... 803 Central fiscal operations ............................................................... 804 General property and records management ................................ 805 Central personnel management ................................................... 806 General purpose fiscal assistance ............................................... 808 Other general government ........................................................... 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ................................................. 1,599 123 4,783 -232 113 1,816 1,891 -694 1,776 129 5,734 -432 139 2,061 803 -893 1,759 160 5,824 -33 184 2,161 767 -361 1,871 190 6,132 587 141 2,100 1,266 -718 2,084 188 6,628 616 214 1,865 1,767 -480 2,120 196 7,017 924 190 1,935 1,300 -739 2,032 232 7,370 498 210 1,937 968 -2,087 1,996 217 7,900 815 134 2,220 1,594 -1,077 1,967 204 7,445 682 103 2,059 989 -1,694 Total, General Government ................................................................. 9,399 9,317 10,462 11,568 12,883 12,944 11,159 13,799 11,755 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ................................. 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ................................... 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ................................... 908 Other interest ................................................................................ 214,047 -34,406 -7,416 -20,422 240,845 -40,467 -11,395 -20,003 264,691 -46,321 -15,991 -18,032 285,421 -50,426 -20,222 -20,325 292,294 -54,193 -23,637 -15,120 292,479 -55,537 -26,788 -11,442 296,253 -56,494 -29,203 -7,623 332,379 -59,871 -33,305 -7,069 343,918 -60,869 -36,507 -5,489 Total, Net Interest ................................................................................ 151,803 168,981 184,347 194,448 199,344 198,713 202,932 232,134 241,053 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (159,219) (-7,416) (180,376) (-11,395) (200,338) (-15,991) (214,670) (-20,222) (222,981) (-23,637) (225,501) (-26,788) (232,135) (-29,203) (265,439) (-33,305) (277,560) (-36,507) 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ..................... 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ..................... 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ..................... 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ......................................... -29,037 -4,382 -3,548 .......... -29,425 -4,858 -2,929 .......... -28,044 -5,567 -3,004 .......... -30,402 -5,804 -3,150 .......... -30,680 -6,101 -2,498 .......... -28,186 -6,416 -2,785 .......... -28,361 -6,409 -3,001 .......... -27,961 -6,432 -2,418 -7,644 -27,259 -6,278 -3,741 -342 Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts .............................................. -36,967 -37,212 -36,615 -39,356 -39,280 -37,386 -37,772 -44,455 -37,620 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (-32,585) (-4,382) (-32,354) (-4,858) (-31,048) (-5,567) (-33,553) (-5,804) (-33,179) (-6,101) (-30,970) (-6,416) (-31,362) (-6,409) (-38,023) (-6,432) (-31,342) (-6,278) Total outlays ............................................................................................ 1,064,416 1,143,743 1,252,993 1,324,226 1,381,529 1,409,386 1,461,752 1,515,742 1,560,484 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (860,012) (204,404) See footnotes at end of table. (932,832) (1,027,928) (1,082,539) (1,129,191) (1,142,799) (1,182,380) (1,227,078) (1,259,580) (210,911) (225,065) (241,687) (252,338) (266,587) (279,372) (288,664) (300,904) Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel ........................................................................... Operation and Maintenance ........................................................... Procurement ................................................................................... Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .............................. Military Construction ....................................................................... Family Housing ............................................................................... Other ............................................................................................... 69,724 92,408 47,690 37,011 6,187 4,003 1,228 68,976 93,412 48,206 37,416 6,044 3,871 -2,132 69,503 96,344 48,826 37,359 5,521 3,692 -47 75,950 105,812 51,696 37,602 5,109 3,413 1,447 73,977 111,964 54,986 40,455 4,977 3,516 310 86,799 130,005 62,515 44,389 5,052 3,736 -651 106,744 151,408 67,926 53,098 5,851 3,784 -1,675 113,576 174,045 76,216 60,759 6,312 3,905 1,626 127,463 188,118 82,294 65,694 5,331 3,720 1,451 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military .................................... 053 Atomic energy defense activities .................................................. 054 Defense-related activities ............................................................. 258,251 11,267 984 255,793 11,262 1,139 261,198 12,221 1,350 281,029 12,138 1,196 290,185 12,931 1,616 331,845 14,795 1,816 387,136 16,018 1,579 436,439 16,605 2,769 474,071 18,031 3,192 Total, National Defense ....................................................................... 270,502 268,194 274,769 294,363 304,732 348,456 404,733 455,813 495,294 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance ............. 152 International security assistance .................................................. 153 Conduct of foreign affairs ............................................................. 154 Foreign information and exchange activities ................................ 155 International financial programs ................................................... 6,003 4,632 3,917 1,171 -550 5,395 5,135 3,259 1,158 -1,893 5,653 5,531 4,160 1,226 -1,331 6,516 6,387 4,708 817 -1,215 7,185 6,560 5,048 804 -3,112 7,812 7,907 7,035 906 -1,345 10,324 8,620 6,681 959 -5,385 13,807 8,369 7,895 1,140 -4,341 17,696 7,895 9,148 1,129 -1,303 Total, International Affairs .................................................................... 15,173 13,054 15,239 17,213 16,485 22,315 21,199 26,870 34,565 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research ............................................ 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities .......................... 4,080 13,056 5,306 12,866 5,638 12,446 6,167 12,427 6,520 13,233 7,261 13,473 7,951 12,880 8,392 14,637 8,819 14,778 Total, General Science, Space, and Technology ................................ 17,136 18,172 18,084 18,594 19,753 20,734 20,831 23,029 23,597 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply ............................................................................... 272 Energy conservation ..................................................................... 274 Emergency energy preparedness ................................................ 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ................................... 626 572 23 254 181 621 233 235 -118 586 225 218 -1,818 666 162 229 -1,145 760 159 235 -803 878 169 231 -2,051 897 182 247 -1,536 926 158 305 -929 883 162 324 Total, Energy ........................................................................................ 1,475 1,270 911 -761 9 475 -725 -147 440 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources ........................................................................... 302 Conservation and land management ........................................... 303 Recreational resources ................................................................ 304 Pollution control and abatement ................................................... 306 Other natural resources ................................................................ 4,411 5,669 2,029 6,284 2,808 4,647 6,204 2,092 6,417 2,918 4,725 6,367 2,657 6,891 3,303 5,078 6,762 2,540 7,395 3,228 5,237 7,109 2,311 7,502 3,373 5,570 9,797 2,735 7,602 3,722 5,492 9,739 2,843 8,201 3,392 5,571 9,758 2,944 8,473 3,948 5,726 6,226 2,990 8,065 4,976 Total, Natural Resources and Environment ......................................... 21,201 22,278 23,943 25,003 25,532 29,426 29,667 30,694 27,983 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization ............................................................. 352 Agricultural research and services ............................................... 6,261 2,628 9,313 2,764 20,039 2,840 33,442 3,016 22,746 3,506 18,371 3,594 18,302 4,194 11,182 4,257 22,043 4,522 Total, Agriculture .................................................................................. 8,889 12,077 22,879 36,458 26,252 21,965 22,496 15,439 26,565 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit ............................................................................. 372 Postal service ............................................................................... (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... 373 Deposit insurance ......................................................................... 376 Other advancement of commerce ................................................ -4,006 77 (126) (-49) -14,384 3,673 -2,934 303 (86) (217) -4,371 8,009 364 1,050 (29) (1,021) -5,280 6,507 -3,335 2,129 (100) (2,029) -3,053 7,466 -1,164 2,395 (93) (2,302) -1,569 6,069 -7,015 207 (858) (-651) -1,026 7,427 -4,591 -5,169 (76) (-5,245) -1,430 11,917 2,659 -4,070 (60) (-4,130) -1,976 8,652 -862 -1,223 (568) (-1,791) -1,371 11,022 Total, Commerce and Housing Credit ................................................. -14,640 1,007 2,641 3,207 5,731 -407 727 5,265 7,566 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (-14,591) (-49) (790) (217) (1,620) (1,021) (1,178) (2,029) (3,429) (2,302) (244) (-651) (5,972) (-5,245) (9,395) (-4,130) (9,357) (-1,791) See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation .................................................................. 402 Air transportation .......................................................................... 403 Water transportation ..................................................................... 407 Other transportation ..................................................................... 26,795 10,138 3,554 280 26,004 10,622 3,518 199 28,052 10,720 3,546 214 31,697 10,571 4,394 191 35,804 13,975 4,401 267 40,158 16,538 5,041 96 37,491 23,343 5,907 328 40,744 16,743 6,898 242 42,317 18,807 6,439 331 Total, Transportation ............................................................................ 40,767 40,343 42,532 46,853 54,447 61,833 67,069 64,627 67,894 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development .............................................................. 452 Area and regional development ................................................... 453 Disaster relief and insurance ........................................................ 4,962 2,741 3,346 5,118 2,512 2,141 5,116 2,327 4,422 5,480 2,538 2,605 5,313 2,634 3,826 5,998 2,633 4,350 6,346 2,397 10,107 6,167 2,351 7,302 5,861 2,745 17,656 Total, Community and Regional Development .................................... 11,049 9,771 11,865 10,623 11,773 12,981 18,850 15,820 26,262 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ....................... 502 Higher education .......................................................................... 503 Research and general education aids .......................................... 504 Training and employment ............................................................. 505 Other labor services ..................................................................... 506 Social services .............................................................................. 15,073 12,298 2,150 6,681 1,009 11,761 16,606 12,070 2,280 6,636 1,036 11,884 17,589 10,672 2,333 6,783 1,076 12,152 20,578 10,115 2,543 6,777 1,194 12,557 22,858 9,568 2,728 7,192 1,268 13,480 25,879 17,049 2,950 8,354 1,433 14,901 31,473 22,697 2,992 8,379 1,473 15,573 34,360 25,264 3,031 7,918 1,546 15,855 38,271 31,442 3,124 6,852 1,615 16,251 Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ............ 48,972 50,512 50,605 53,764 57,094 70,566 82,587 87,974 97,555 550 Health: 551 Health care services ..................................................................... 552 Health research and training ........................................................ 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety ............................ 109,962 11,847 2,023 116,321 13,073 2,031 124,494 14,383 2,171 136,201 15,979 2,324 151,874 17,926 2,433 172,550 21,356 2,591 192,573 24,044 2,924 210,080 27,099 2,943 219,559 28,050 2,939 Total, Health ......................................................................................... 123,832 131,425 141,048 154,504 172,233 196,497 219,541 240,122 250,548 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare ....................................................................................... 190,016 192,822 190,447 197,113 217,384 230,855 249,433 269,360 298,638 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............................................................................................... 602 Federal employee retirement and disability ................................. 603 Unemployment compensation ...................................................... 604 Housing assistance ...................................................................... 605 Food and nutrition assistance ...................................................... 609 Other income security .................................................................. 4,721 4,632 1,878 5,189 5,761 5,741 7,047 6,573 6,976 71,539 22,888 27,881 36,061 71,945 73,485 22,070 28,828 33,585 75,150 75,146 23,631 27,799 33,147 80,877 77,152 23,012 28,949 32,483 86,939 80,972 30,242 30,250 34,053 88,496 83,361 53,267 33,251 38,150 98,950 85,154 57,054 35,525 42,526 107,326 88,729 44,994 36,790 46,012 109,961 93,351 35,435 37,899 50,833 121,353 Total, Income Security ......................................................................... 235,035 237,750 242,478 253,724 269,774 312,720 334,632 333,059 345,847 650 Social Security: 651 Social security .............................................................................. (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... 365,251 (6,879) (358,372) 379,215 (9,146) (370,069) 390,037 (10,824) (379,213) 409,423 (13,254) (396,169) 432,958 (11,701) (421,257) 455,980 (13,969) (442,011) 474,680 (13,279) (461,401) 495,548 (14,348) (481,200) 523,305 (16,526) (506,779) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans ........................................................ 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ........................... 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans ........................................ 704 Veterans housing .......................................................................... 705 Other veterans benefits and services ........................................... 20,435 1,113 17,093 -327 969 21,350 1,058 17,545 853 935 22,184 1,222 18,168 580 1,001 24,907 1,285 19,516 364 917 22,498 1,193 20,959 -904 1,228 26,720 1,726 22,290 -1,006 1,199 29,091 2,106 24,082 505 1,200 30,849 2,562 26,859 -1,982 1,458 35,767 2,790 28,754 860 1,949 Total, Veterans Benefits and Services ................................................. 39,283 41,741 43,155 46,989 44,974 50,929 56,984 59,746 70,120 See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities ............................................... 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ......................................... 753 Federal correctional activities ....................................................... 754 Criminal justice assistance ........................................................... 8,528 6,317 2,939 2,833 10,420 6,682 2,682 3,575 11,459 7,427 3,204 4,446 12,121 7,762 3,707 4,909 12,542 8,298 4,206 5,155 15,408 9,139 4,746 5,768 15,745 9,889 4,580 5,126 19,131 10,444 4,750 11,251 19,912 10,658 4,845 4,604 Total, Administration of Justice ............................................................ 20,617 23,359 26,536 28,499 30,201 35,061 35,340 45,576 40,019 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions ..................................................................... 802 Executive direction and management .......................................... 803 Central fiscal operations ............................................................... 804 General property and records management ................................ 805 Central personnel management ................................................... 806 General purpose fiscal assistance ............................................... 808 Other general government ........................................................... 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ................................................. 1,925 223 7,383 925 137 2,189 1,262 -1,497 2,007 272 10,064 801 116 2,188 951 -855 2,095 446 9,434 -67 156 1,958 2,225 -884 2,227 456 8,285 -32 184 2,084 2,192 -2,383 2,315 457 9,144 -73 184 2,308 1,777 -1,754 2,639 639 10,215 -423 47 2,403 2,243 -812 2,847 706 11,455 200 203 7,464 2,034 -1,745 3,195 503 9,301 224 217 7,675 2,291 -1,068 3,460 569 9,515 472 101 3,333 2,388 -2,841 Total, General Government ................................................................. 12,547 15,544 15,363 13,013 14,358 16,951 23,164 22,338 16,997 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ................................. 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ................................... 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ................................... 908 Other interest ................................................................................ (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... 909 Other investment income ............................................................. 355,764 -63,776 -41,214 -6,790 (-6,790) .......... .......... 363,759 -67,208 -46,629 -8,803 (-8,802) (-1) -1 353,463 -66,520 -52,070 -5,117 (-5,116) (-1) -1 361,925 -69,290 -59,796 -9,888 (-9,888) .......... -2 359,476 -75,302 -68,811 -9,194 (-9,194) .......... -2 332,537 -76,494 -76,819 -8,275 (-8,274) (-1) .......... 318,141 -72,523 -83,544 -6,541 (-6,540) (-1) -2,460 321,679 -67,761 -86,228 -4,473 (-4,473) .......... -2,972 352,345 -69,153 -91,836 -3,945 (-3,945) .......... -3,425 Total, Net Interest ................................................................................ 243,984 241,118 229,755 222,949 206,167 170,949 153,073 160,245 183,986 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (285,198) (-41,214) (287,748) (-46,630) (281,826) (-52,071) (282,745) (-59,796) (274,978) (-68,811) (247,769) (-76,820) (236,618) (-83,545) (246,473) (-86,228) (275,822) (-91,836) 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ..................... 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ..................... 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ..................... 954 Sale of major assets ..................................................................... 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ......................................... -27,773 -6,483 -4,711 .......... -11,006 -27,820 -7,052 -4,522 -5,158 -2,642 -28,209 -7,385 -3,098 .......... -1,753 -30,214 -7,637 -4,580 .......... -150 -30,883 -7,910 -7,194 .......... -1,024 -33,489 -8,878 -5,024 .......... -1 -39,751 -9,602 -5,029 .......... .......... -42,100 -11,331 -5,106 .......... .......... -47,977 -10,941 -6,146 .......... -160 Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts .............................................. -49,973 -47,194 -40,445 -42,581 -47,011 -47,392 -54,382 -58,537 -65,224 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (-43,490) (-6,483) (-40,142) (-7,052) (-33,060) (-7,385) (-34,944) (-7,637) (-39,101) (-7,910) (-38,514) (-8,878) (-44,780) (-9,602) (-47,206) (-11,331) (-54,283) (-10,941) 1,601,116 1,652,458 1,701,842 1,788,950 1,862,846 2,010,894 2,159,899 2,292,841 2,471,957 Total outlays ............................................................................................ (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. (1,290,490) (1,335,854) (1,381,064) (1,458,185) (1,516,008) (1,655,232) (1,796,890) (1,913,330) (2,069,746) (310,626) (316,604) (320,778) (330,765) (346,838) (355,662) (363,009) (379,511) (402,211) Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel ........................................................................... Operation and Maintenance ........................................................... Procurement ................................................................................... Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .............................. Military Construction ....................................................................... Family Housing ............................................................................... Other ............................................................................................... 127,543 203,789 89,757 68,629 6,245 3,717 -383 127,544 216,631 99,647 73,136 7,899 3,473 218 138,940 244,836 117,398 75,120 11,563 3,590 3,185 147,348 259,312 129,218 79,030 17,614 2,721 1,499 155,690 275,988 133,603 76,990 21,169 3,173 90 161,608 291,038 128,003 74,871 19,917 3,432 -805 152,266 282,297 124,712 70,396 14,553 2,331 4,296 150,825 259,662 114,912 66,892 12,318 1,829 1,357 148,923 244,481 107,485 64,928 9,823 1,354 903 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military .................................... 053 Atomic energy defense activities .................................................. 054 Defense-related activities ............................................................. 499,297 17,465 5,058 528,548 17,042 5,668 594,632 17,122 4,312 636,742 17,546 6,724 666,703 19,308 7,474 678,064 20,410 7,080 650,851 19,246 7,755 607,795 17,634 8,017 577,897 17,416 8,144 Total, National Defense ....................................................................... 521,820 551,258 616,066 661,012 693,485 705,554 677,852 633,446 603,457 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance ............. 152 International security assistance .................................................. 153 Conduct of foreign affairs ............................................................. 154 Foreign information and exchange activities ................................ 155 International financial programs ................................................... 16,693 7,811 8,559 1,162 -4,726 15,524 7,982 8,379 1,220 -4,623 14,074 9,480 10,388 1,330 -6,415 22,095 6,247 12,152 1,330 -4,295 19,014 11,363 13,557 1,485 -224 21,255 12,042 12,486 1,575 -1,673 21,882 11,464 13,548 1,556 -1,266 22,551 9,954 13,038 1,519 -831 23,534 11,381 12,859 1,464 -2,552 Total, International Affairs .................................................................... 29,499 28,482 28,857 37,529 45,195 45,685 47,184 46,231 46,686 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research ............................................ 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities .......................... 9,093 14,491 9,149 15,258 9,573 17,200 10,020 18,397 11,730 18,370 12,434 17,032 12,458 16,602 12,479 16,429 12,011 16,559 Total, General Science, Space, and Technology ................................ 23,584 24,407 26,773 28,417 30,100 29,466 29,060 28,908 28,570 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply ............................................................................... 272 Energy conservation ..................................................................... 274 Emergency energy preparedness ................................................ 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ................................... 234 747 -441 245 -1,983 580 195 356 -413 409 179 456 2,051 1,432 754 518 5,801 4,997 199 621 8,084 6,736 -3,263 617 9,017 4,941 375 525 9,038 1,240 217 547 4,056 910 -140 444 Total, Energy ........................................................................................ 785 -852 631 4,755 11,618 12,174 14,858 11,042 5,270 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources ........................................................................... 302 Conservation and land management ........................................... 303 Recreational resources ................................................................ 304 Pollution control and abatement ................................................... 306 Other natural resources ................................................................ 8,030 7,813 3,042 8,565 5,575 5,104 9,646 2,956 8,410 5,605 6,074 8,718 3,208 8,079 5,741 8,068 9,813 3,550 8,270 5,872 11,662 10,783 3,911 10,841 6,470 11,621 11,955 4,157 10,946 6,794 9,178 11,101 3,752 10,813 6,787 7,675 10,723 3,506 9,624 6,617 7,912 9,707 3,362 8,634 6,556 Total, Natural Resources and Environment ......................................... 33,025 31,721 31,820 35,573 43,667 45,473 41,631 38,145 36,171 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization ............................................................. 352 Agricultural research and services ............................................... 21,405 4,564 13,089 4,573 13,756 4,631 17,628 4,609 16,478 4,878 15,876 4,786 13,061 4,730 25,213 4,465 20,012 4,374 Total, Agriculture .................................................................................. 25,969 17,662 18,387 22,237 21,356 20,662 17,791 29,678 24,386 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit ............................................................................. 372 Postal service ............................................................................... (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... 373 Deposit insurance ......................................................................... 376 Other advancement of commerce ................................................ -619 -971 (104) (-1,075) -1,110 8,887 -4,986 -3,161 (-8,254) (5,093) -1,492 10,126 17 -3,074 (-5,491) (2,417) 18,760 12,167 99,760 -978 (-1,282) (304) 22,573 170,180 35,804 -682 (-5,382) (4,700) -32,033 -85,405 14,158 909 (101) (808) -8,697 -18,934 -8,143 2,744 (74) (2,670) 6,666 39,380 -87,854 -1,839 (74) (-1,913) 4,292 2,202 -84,300 -2,453 (78) (-2,531) -13,823 5,715 Total, Commerce and Housing Credit ................................................. 6,187 487 27,870 291,535 -82,316 -12,564 40,647 -83,199 -94,861 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (7,262) (-1,075) (-4,606) (5,093) (25,453) (2,417) (291,231) (304) (-87,016) (4,700) (-13,372) (808) (37,977) (2,670) (-81,286) (-1,913) (-92,330) (-2,531) See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation .................................................................. 402 Air transportation .......................................................................... 403 Water transportation ..................................................................... 407 Other transportation ..................................................................... 45,209 18,005 6,688 342 46,818 18,096 7,695 296 49,978 19,399 8,121 118 54,103 20,799 9,093 294 60,784 21,431 9,351 406 60,902 21,353 10,359 352 61,308 21,725 9,650 336 60,005 21,464 9,774 430 60,827 20,923 9,759 406 Total, Transportation ............................................................................ 70,244 72,905 77,616 84,289 91,972 92,966 93,019 91,673 91,915 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development .............................................................. 452 Area and regional development ................................................... 453 Disaster relief and insurance ........................................................ 5,845 2,580 46,040 11,834 2,514 15,219 10,198 2,584 11,170 7,719 3,221 16,736 9,901 3,249 10,744 9,605 4,050 10,228 8,769 4,424 11,939 7,814 1,540 22,982 7,896 3,027 9,747 Total, Community and Regional Development .................................... 54,465 29,567 23,952 27,676 23,894 23,883 25,132 32,336 20,670 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ....................... 502 Higher education .......................................................................... 503 Research and general education aids .......................................... 504 Training and employment ............................................................. 505 Other labor services ..................................................................... 506 Social services .............................................................................. 39,710 50,471 2,998 7,199 1,631 16,473 38,427 24,637 3,153 7,080 1,635 16,724 38,918 23,566 3,194 7,181 1,623 16,805 53,206 -3,258 3,456 7,652 1,646 17,047 73,261 20,908 3,631 9,854 1,765 19,179 66,476 1,108 3,710 9,139 1,869 18,931 47,492 12,113 3,704 7,779 1,868 17,867 42,407 -525 3,705 7,271 1,888 18,062 40,813 20,104 3,552 7,013 1,834 17,299 Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services ............ 118,482 91,656 91,287 79,749 128,598 101,233 90,823 72,808 90,615 550 Health: 551 Health care services ..................................................................... 552 Health research and training ........................................................ 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety ............................ 220,800 28,828 3,111 233,878 29,279 3,225 247,739 29,883 2,977 300,013 30,570 3,752 330,710 34,214 4,144 332,210 36,198 4,096 308,160 34,502 4,080 321,849 32,881 3,585 374,581 30,911 3,957 Total, Health ......................................................................................... 252,739 266,382 280,599 334,335 369,068 372,504 346,742 358,315 409,449 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare ....................................................................................... 329,868 375,407 390,758 430,093 451,636 485,653 471,793 497,826 511,688 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............................................................................................... 602 Federal employee retirement and disability ................................. 603 Unemployment compensation ...................................................... 604 Housing assistance ...................................................................... 605 Food and nutrition assistance ...................................................... 609 Other income security .................................................................. 4,592 7,829 8,899 8,218 6,564 6,697 7,760 6,969 8,776 98,296 33,814 38,295 53,928 123,552 103,916 35,107 39,715 54,458 124,950 108,998 45,340 40,556 60,673 166,847 118,119 122,537 50,913 79,080 154,357 119,867 160,145 58,651 95,110 181,873 124,447 120,556 55,440 103,199 187,010 122,388 93,771 47,948 106,871 162,606 131,739 70,729 46,687 109,706 170,681 134,613 45,717 47,615 102,936 173,987 Total, Income Security ......................................................................... 352,477 365,975 431,313 533,224 622,210 597,349 541,344 536,511 513,644 650 Social Security: 651 Social security .............................................................................. (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... 548,549 (16,058) (532,491) 586,153 (19,307) (566,846) 617,027 (17,830) (599,197) 682,963 (34,071) (648,892) 706,737 (23,317) (683,420) 730,811 (101,933) (628,878) 773,290 (140,387) (632,903) 813,551 (56,009) (757,542) 850,533 (25,946) (824,587) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans ........................................................ 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ........................... 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans ........................................ 704 Veterans housing .......................................................................... 705 Other veterans benefits and services ........................................... 35,771 2,638 29,888 -1,242 2,756 35,684 2,713 32,294 -868 2,995 41,338 2,730 36,974 -419 4,030 45,952 3,495 41,882 -578 4,678 49,163 8,089 45,714 540 4,878 58,747 10,683 50,062 1,262 6,435 55,899 10,402 50,558 1,413 6,323 65,890 12,893 52,521 1,328 6,306 70,906 13,506 56,205 2,143 6,856 Total, Veterans Benefits and Services ................................................. 69,811 72,818 84,653 95,429 108,384 127,189 124,595 138,938 149,616 See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities ............................................... 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ......................................... 753 Federal correctional activities ....................................................... 754 Criminal justice assistance ........................................................... 20,039 11,157 5,052 4,768 20,735 12,110 5,172 4,345 25,574 13,014 5,655 3,854 28,584 13,372 6,009 4,616 28,713 14,494 6,327 4,849 29,802 15,076 6,546 4,632 28,977 16,211 6,753 4,336 27,295 14,764 6,761 3,781 26,106 14,224 6,751 3,376 Total, Administration of Justice ............................................................ 41,016 42,362 48,097 52,581 54,383 56,056 56,277 52,601 50,457 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions ..................................................................... 802 Executive direction and management .......................................... 803 Central fiscal operations ............................................................... 804 General property and records management ................................ 805 Central personnel management ................................................... 806 General purpose fiscal assistance ............................................... 808 Other general government ........................................................... 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ................................................. 3,455 522 10,163 327 151 3,798 1,120 -1,359 3,553 490 10,298 285 -20 3,556 1,609 -2,346 3,667 525 10,553 570 -12 4,089 1,393 -462 3,823 535 10,752 554 102 4,097 3,166 -1,012 4,100 528 11,906 1,194 338 5,082 1,587 -1,721 3,974 446 11,631 2,304 124 7,475 3,001 -1,479 3,908 628 11,985 2,247 67 7,787 3,425 -2,012 3,729 478 12,051 -10 372 7,852 5,957 -2,692 3,568 484 11,695 -386 268 7,643 3,514 127 Total, General Government ................................................................. 18,177 17,425 20,323 22,017 23,014 27,476 28,035 27,737 26,913 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ................................. 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ................................... 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ................................... 908 Other interest ................................................................................ 909 Other investment income ............................................................. 405,866 -71,574 -97,722 -7,306 -2,661 429,966 -71,964 -106,003 -10,131 -4,759 451,143 -77,821 -113,718 -12,874 6,027 383,073 -63,600 -117,954 -14,966 349 413,934 -67,268 -118,502 -29,539 -2,431 453,987 -72,030 -115,981 -35,872 -142 359,219 -14,753 -112,393 -8,128 -3,537 415,651 -51,015 -105,650 -35,053 -3,048 429,538 -57,848 -100,266 -39,900 -2,568 Total, Net Interest ................................................................................ 226,603 237,109 252,757 186,902 196,194 229,962 220,408 220,885 228,956 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (324,325) (-97,722) (343,112) (-106,003) (366,475) (-113,718) (304,856) (-117,954) (314,696) (-118,502) (345,943) (-115,981) (332,801) (-112,393) (326,535) (-105,650) (329,222) (-100,266) 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ..................... 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ..................... 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ..................... 954 Sale of major assets ..................................................................... 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ......................................... -49,231 -11,625 -7,283 .......... -111 -49,476 -12,299 -6,763 .......... -13,700 -53,033 -13,145 -18,285 .......... -1,779 -56,431 -14,226 -5,292 .......... -16,690 -62,100 -14,936 -4,883 .......... -197 -64,581 -15,099 -6,383 -2,404 .......... -68,347 -15,592 -6,605 -12,992 .......... -65,155 -16,168 -8,874 -2,588 .......... -63,612 -15,737 -7,474 .......... -1,221 Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts .............................................. -68,250 -82,238 -86,242 -92,639 -82,116 -88,467 -103,536 -92,785 -88,044 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... (-56,625) (-11,625) (-69,939) (-12,299) (-73,097) (-13,145) (-78,413) (-14,226) (-67,180) (-14,936) (-73,368) (-15,099) (-87,944) (-15,592) (-76,617) (-16,168) (-72,307) (-15,737) Total outlays ............................................................................................ 2,655,050 2,728,686 2,982,544 3,517,677 3,457,079 3,603,065 3,536,945 3,454,647 3,506,091 (On-budget) .................................................................................... (Off-budget) .................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. (2,232,981) (2,275,049) (2,507,793) (3,000,661) (2,902,397) (3,104,459) (3,029,357) (2,820,836) (2,800,038) (422,069) (453,637) (474,751) (517,016) (554,682) (498,606) (507,588) (633,811) (706,053) Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2015 2016 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel ................................................................................................. Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................. Procurement ......................................................................................................... Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .................................................... Military Construction ............................................................................................. Family Housing ..................................................................................................... Other ..................................................................................................................... 145,206 247,239 101,342 64,124 8,114 1,198 -4,724 147,905 243,198 102,656 64,873 6,677 1,304 -1,243 145,728 244,629 105,046 66,426 7,172 1,236 2,773 152,493 253,006 113,456 76,492 8,231 1,244 16,759 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military .......................................................... 053 Atomic energy defense activities ........................................................................ 054 Defense-related activities ................................................................................... 562,499 18,692 8,468 565,370 19,387 8,615 573,010 19,986 9,787 621,681 22,779 8,110 642,965 23,377 8,775 647,534 23,283 9,015 645,692 23,026 9,084 640,439 23,483 8,931 Total, National Defense .............................................................................................. 589,659 593,372 602,783 652,570 675,117 679,832 677,802 672,853 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance ................................... 152 International security assistance ........................................................................ 153 Conduct of foreign affairs ................................................................................... 154 Foreign information and exchange activities ...................................................... 155 International financial programs ......................................................................... 24,087 12,907 13,246 1,531 -3,195 24,129 11,305 13,874 1,546 -5,548 25,663 13,289 14,747 1,648 1,066 23,893 14,940 12,981 1,392 2,267 19,342 12,009 11,763 1,180 1,664 16,773 10,211 9,514 1,076 921 15,238 9,008 8,419 1,076 48 13,815 8,468 7,880 1,076 -575 Total, International Affairs .......................................................................................... 48,576 45,306 56,413 55,473 45,958 38,495 33,789 30,664 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research .................................................................. 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ................................................ 11,719 17,693 11,950 18,224 12,558 18,543 11,829 18,816 11,984 18,513 11,789 18,584 11,623 18,597 11,470 18,597 Total, General Science, Space, and Technology ....................................................... 29,412 30,174 31,101 30,645 30,497 30,373 30,220 30,067 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply ..................................................................................................... 272 Energy conservation ........................................................................................... 274 Emergency energy preparedness ...................................................................... 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ......................................................... 4,707 1,187 449 495 2,019 967 234 499 4,906 927 -579 766 2,326 996 -1,258 667 -1,601 849 -845 543 -275 660 -485 542 -231 380 -1,322 542 31 380 -1,623 542 Total, Energy .............................................................................................................. 6,838 3,719 6,020 2,731 -1,054 442 -631 -670 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources .................................................................................................. 302 Conservation and land management ................................................................. 303 Recreational resources ....................................................................................... 304 Pollution control and abatement ......................................................................... 306 Other natural resources ...................................................................................... 7,760 10,519 3,501 7,241 7,013 7,379 12,305 3,688 8,619 7,543 8,574 12,013 3,997 8,674 7,357 8,104 11,836 4,105 6,631 6,870 7,848 11,825 4,053 5,682 6,576 7,884 12,173 4,185 5,743 6,638 7,740 11,999 4,090 5,792 6,551 7,393 11,376 4,062 5,859 6,425 Total, Natural Resources and Environment ............................................................... 36,034 39,534 40,615 37,546 35,984 36,623 36,172 35,115 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization ................................................................................... 352 Agricultural research and services ..................................................................... 13,424 5,076 13,418 4,924 15,766 5,334 21,552 5,080 14,905 4,299 12,665 4,184 15,541 4,083 14,120 3,961 Total, Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 18,500 18,342 21,100 26,632 19,204 16,849 19,624 18,081 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit ................................................................................................... 372 Postal service ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 373 Deposit insurance ............................................................................................... 376 Other advancement of commerce ...................................................................... -35,658 -1,610 (100) (-1,710) -12,812 12,175 -34,721 -1,265 (96) (-1,361) -13,052 14,961 -27,321 1,315 (-3,895) (5,210) -11,444 19,775 -30,784 -1,787 (-1,982) (195) -11,717 19,443 -28,557 -3,588 (-683) (-2,905) -6,403 17,973 -28,867 -2,616 (-176) (-2,440) -6,521 20,259 -27,815 -1,979 (58) (-2,037) -5,938 14,706 -27,011 -1,670 (58) (-1,728) -1,571 12,369 Total, Commerce and Housing Credit ....................................................................... -37,905 -34,077 -17,675 -24,845 -20,575 -17,745 -21,026 -17,883 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (-36,195) (-1,710) (-32,716) (-1,361) (-22,885) (5,210) (-25,040) (195) (-17,670) (-2,905) (-15,305) (-2,440) (-18,989) (-2,037) (-16,155) (-1,728) See footnotes at end of table. Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 2015 2016 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation ......................................................................................... 402 Air transportation ................................................................................................. 403 Water transportation ........................................................................................... 407 Other transportation ............................................................................................ 59,126 20,033 9,994 380 62,136 20,028 10,064 338 62,045 21,537 9,643 555 59,985 20,506 10,841 495 60,936 19,304 10,993 443 59,961 19,173 10,881 462 60,068 10,183 10,809 469 55,741 8,836 10,790 455 Total, Transportation .................................................................................................. 89,533 92,566 93,780 91,827 91,676 90,477 81,529 75,822 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development .................................................................................... 452 Area and regional development .......................................................................... 453 Disaster relief and insurance .............................................................................. 7,817 3,861 8,991 7,095 2,451 10,594 7,778 2,992 11,297 8,028 3,353 11,746 6,208 2,760 15,415 3,284 2,467 14,172 2,284 1,940 13,824 2,101 2,083 10,396 Total, Community and Regional Development .......................................................... 20,669 20,140 22,067 23,127 24,383 19,923 18,048 14,580 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ............................................. 502 Higher education ................................................................................................. 503 Research and general education aids ................................................................ 504 Training and employment ................................................................................... 505 Other labor services ............................................................................................ 506 Social services .................................................................................................... 40,022 51,341 3,493 7,103 1,799 18,303 39,779 38,764 3,529 7,027 1,878 18,760 40,995 72,001 3,529 7,573 1,963 20,935 40,450 26,455 3,034 7,088 1,862 17,575 37,755 29,768 2,859 5,680 1,818 16,798 37,041 27,651 2,810 5,250 1,797 16,668 36,654 27,769 2,795 5,155 1,802 16,437 36,654 25,939 2,790 5,048 1,790 16,328 Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services .................................. 122,061 109,737 146,996 96,464 94,678 91,217 90,612 88,549 550 Health: 551 Health care services ........................................................................................... 552 Health research and training .............................................................................. 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .................................................. 446,367 31,400 4,463 474,779 31,851 4,687 504,744 36,143 4,778 494,890 32,977 4,185 516,065 30,212 4,119 474,303 28,387 4,056 452,243 27,992 4,024 454,088 27,319 3,985 Total, Health ............................................................................................................... 482,230 511,317 545,665 532,052 550,396 506,746 484,259 485,392 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare ............................................................................................................. 546,202 594,536 599,677 588,411 652,362 706,368 762,248 858,033 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............ 602 Federal employee retirement and disability ....................................................... 603 Unemployment compensation ............................................................................ 604 Housing assistance ............................................................................................. 605 Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................................. 609 Other income security ......................................................................................... 7,805 139,166 34,978 47,823 104,797 174,274 3,777 144,757 35,159 49,076 102,300 179,070 7,333 140,802 35,857 49,051 102,784 178,083 2,760 139,659 37,514 47,887 97,813 170,256 2,977 148,210 37,913 46,014 97,966 172,991 3,257 152,025 41,202 43,588 92,826 176,218 4,430 155,708 42,939 42,784 92,257 180,333 5,326 165,265 44,688 42,081 90,517 188,894 Total, Income Security ............................................................................................... 508,843 514,139 513,910 495,889 506,071 509,116 518,451 536,771 650 Social Security: 651 Social security ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 887,753 (30,990) (856,763) 916,067 (32,522) (883,545) 951,854 (37,580) (914,274) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans .............................................................................. 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ................................................. 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .............................................................. 704 Veterans housing ................................................................................................ 705 Other veterans benefits and services ................................................................. 76,360 13,383 61,897 743 7,355 86,796 14,354 65,248 804 7,314 85,256 14,568 68,004 -715 7,844 81,928 14,539 72,837 440 8,153 94,203 15,382 76,459 494 8,045 99,955 16,132 77,263 590 7,973 106,681 16,828 77,223 636 7,907 122,507 17,596 77,574 672 7,899 Total, Veterans Benefits and Services ....................................................................... 159,738 174,516 174,957 177,897 194,583 201,913 209,275 226,248 See footnotes at end of table. 1,010,388 1,075,081 1,142,437 1,210,446 1,284,389 (41,055) (45,035) (49,208) (53,758) (58,384) (969,333) (1,030,046) (1,093,229) (1,156,688) (1,226,005) Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 2015 2016 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities ..................................................................... 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ............................................................... 753 Federal correctional activities ............................................................................. 754 Criminal justice assistance ................................................................................. 26,937 14,717 7,049 3,203 28,886 14,892 6,952 5,038 34,006 18,444 6,953 8,405 34,293 16,993 7,175 6,523 34,768 15,678 7,185 6,399 35,641 15,580 7,191 5,839 37,097 15,315 7,197 5,287 37,968 15,338 7,197 5,094 Total, Administration of Justice .................................................................................. 51,906 55,768 67,808 64,984 64,030 64,251 64,896 65,597 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions ........................................................................................... 802 Executive direction and management ................................................................ 803 Central fiscal operations ..................................................................................... 804 General property and records management ...................................................... 805 Central personnel management ......................................................................... 806 General purpose fiscal assistance ..................................................................... 808 Other general government .................................................................................. 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ....................................................................... 3,751 510 11,096 -490 81 7,266 3,528 -4,786 3,831 418 11,795 -325 -362 6,640 4,743 -4,066 4,555 618 12,229 299 275 6,548 3,449 -1,719 4,414 529 11,710 1,632 286 7,385 2,937 -1,720 4,481 511 11,364 2,449 262 7,203 2,989 -1,757 4,502 511 11,426 2,069 263 7,263 3,228 -1,802 4,487 510 11,394 738 264 7,237 3,024 -1,810 4,499 510 11,428 505 263 7,701 3,018 -1,819 Total, General Government ....................................................................................... 20,956 22,674 26,254 27,173 27,502 27,460 25,844 26,105 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ....................................................... 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ......................................................... 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ......................................................... 908 Other interest ...................................................................................................... 909 Other investment income .................................................................................... 402,429 -45,823 -95,968 -37,781 324 429,950 -55,536 -90,575 -41,859 -1,947 474,506 -63,435 -86,506 -47,221 -1,129 505,578 -58,784 -84,760 -46,427 -722 566,831 -62,873 -84,742 -47,412 -733 629,514 -66,264 -83,613 -50,812 -766 689,534 -70,311 -82,642 -54,594 -746 741,589 -75,400 -79,850 -57,456 -710 Total, Net Interest ....................................................................................................... 223,181 240,033 276,215 314,885 371,071 428,059 481,241 528,173 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (319,149) (-95,968) (330,608) (-90,575) (362,721) (-86,506) (399,645) (-84,760) (455,813) (-84,742) (511,672) (-83,613) (563,883) (-82,642) (608,023) (-79,850) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) ............................. 923 Infrastructure Initiative ........................................................................................ 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) ................................... 925 Adjustment to Reflect Additional 2017 Request ................................................. 926 Spectrum relocation ............................................................................................ 927 Disability insurance reforms ............................................................................... 928 Reducing Improper Payments Government-wide .............................................. 929 Placeholder for Outyear OCO Costs .................................................................. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,298 -6,300 80 .......... .......... .......... -3,201 5,000 102 -7,200 200 100 .......... .......... -2,025 25,000 -33,758 -2,160 150 100 -719 3,200 -2,660 40,000 -52,898 -1,080 50 100 -1,482 3,840 -2,949 50,000 -66,217 -540 .......... 100 -2,383 3,440 -3,034 40,000 -73,215 -360 .......... 100 -4,288 2,920 Total, Allowances ....................................................................................................... .......... .......... -3,922 -4,999 -10,212 -14,130 -18,549 -37,877 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ............................................ 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ............................................ 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ........................................... 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................ -65,112 -16,008 -4,555 -30,128 -67,096 -16,936 -2,783 -8,436 -69,955 -17,499 -4,191 -1,750 -72,857 -18,110 -4,643 -8,790 -61,788 -18,801 -4,774 -1,825 -61,876 -19,413 -4,968 -2,370 -61,552 -20,047 -5,124 -845 -61,343 -20,813 -5,609 -500 Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts .................................................................... -115,803 -95,251 -93,395 -104,400 -87,188 -88,627 -87,568 -88,265 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (-99,795) (-16,008) (-78,315) (-16,936) (-75,896) (-17,499) (-86,290) (-18,110) (-68,387) (-18,801) (-69,214) (-19,413) (-67,521) (-20,047) (-67,452) (-20,813) 3,688,383 3,852,612 4,062,223 4,094,450 4,339,564 4,470,079 4,616,682 4,831,744 Total outlays .................................................................................................................. (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... N/A = Not available. On-budget unless otherwise stated. (2,945,306) (3,077,939) (3,246,744) (3,227,792) (3,415,966) (3,482,316) (3,564,720) (3,708,130) (743,077) (774,673) (815,479) (866,658) (923,598) (987,763) (1,051,962) (1,123,614) Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 Legislative Branch ...................................................................................... Judicial Branch ........................................................................................... Department of Agriculture ........................................................................... Department of Commerce .......................................................................... Department of Defense--Military Programs ................................................ Department of Education ............................................................................ Department of Energy ................................................................................ Department of Health and Human Services ............................................... Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................... Department of the Interior .......................................................................... Department of Justice ................................................................................. Department of Labor ................................................................................... Department of State ................................................................................... Department of Transportation ..................................................................... Department of the Treasury ........................................................................ Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................................. Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ................................................................ Other Defense Civil Programs .................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................. Executive Office of the President ............................................................... General Services Administration ................................................................ International Assistance Programs ............................................................. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................ National Science Foundation ..................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ............................................................... Small Business Administration ................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ............................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ............................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ................................................. Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ............................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................... 196 57 6,437 215 50,111 816 2,755 3,529 566 826 606 236 3,914 457 3,854 8,474 5,608 944 956 70 12 382 3,171 1,257 183 1,017 230 .......... 14,365 2,283 -6,707 (-5,878) (-830) 192 62 7,414 354 51,147 985 2,700 4,110 642 -609 730 256 3,523 572 4,145 9,553 5,501 1,065 1,077 87 13 425 3,169 2,552 206 1,175 142 .......... 15,788 1,615 -7,274 (-6,450) (-824) 199 66 7,569 702 52,585 973 2,726 4,610 747 73 755 275 3,454 455 4,736 10,289 5,662 1,091 1,287 117 15 520 3,226 4,171 310 1,304 133 .......... 16,620 1,178 -7,321 (-6,435) (-886) 212 75 6,940 736 48,780 1,152 2,579 4,700 774 492 745 327 3,121 552 5,201 10,791 5,710 1,171 1,465 134 16 612 3,248 5,092 309 1,454 243 .......... 17,460 1,815 -7,677 (-6,746) (-931) 234 80 5,633 485 56,629 2,416 2,343 5,715 705 2,482 866 305 3,239 629 5,145 11,761 5,962 1,245 1,681 158 16 561 3,260 5,933 368 1,726 210 .......... 20,694 2,494 -8,443 (-7,464) (-979) 252 88 5,952 477 70,069 3,596 2,253 9,639 782 3,093 863 336 3,562 655 5,242 12,737 6,691 1,273 1,937 190 19 629 3,375 5,425 415 1,934 151 94 21,631 3,683 -9,578 (-8,371) (-1,207) 269 94 7,430 582 80,355 4,072 2,474 13,074 973 3,727 973 359 4,180 645 5,555 14,290 7,018 1,252 2,206 249 21 482 2,814 4,722 449 2,154 284 94 23,760 4,290 -10,712 (-9,289) (-1,424) 289 110 8,446 607 80,771 3,990 2,393 15,411 1,055 713 1,073 423 4,161 631 5,724 16,473 7,670 1,222 2,557 303 24 526 2,803 4,251 490 2,284 110 414 26,885 2,918 -11,087 (-9,407) (-1,681) 353 133 8,412 778 80,123 4,594 2,393 17,397 1,089 2,432 1,087 537 4,976 661 6,136 19,070 8,652 1,168 2,974 384 29 530 2,655 3,752 464 2,652 253 458 29,812 4,263 -12,567 (-10,362) (-2,205) Total outlays ................................................................................. 106,821 111,316 118,528 118,228 134,532 157,464 178,134 183,640 195,649 Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 Legislative Branch ...................................................................................... Judicial Branch ........................................................................................... Department of Agriculture ........................................................................... Department of Commerce .......................................................................... Department of Defense--Military Programs ................................................ Department of Education ............................................................................ Department of Energy ................................................................................ Department of Health and Human Services ............................................... Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................... Department of the Interior .......................................................................... Department of Justice ................................................................................. Department of Labor ................................................................................... Department of State ................................................................................... Department of Transportation ..................................................................... Department of the Treasury ........................................................................ Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................................. Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ................................................................ Other Defense Civil Programs .................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................. Executive Office of the President ............................................................... General Services Administration ................................................................ International Assistance Programs ............................................................. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................ National Science Foundation ..................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ............................................................... Small Business Administration ................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ............................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ............................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ................................................. Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ................................................. Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ............................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................... 395 145 8,673 783 77,497 5,099 2,200 20,391 1,011 2,796 1,345 801 8,456 680 7,039 20,452 9,758 1,337 3,510 701 38 546 2,888 3,382 522 3,167 333 465 35,408 5,223 .......... -14,869 (-12,288) (-2,582) 499 173 11,021 850 77,645 5,537 2,299 25,309 1,340 3,600 1,609 1,053 10,426 747 7,244 21,539 10,713 1,490 4,002 763 47 655 2,980 3,423 567 3,776 452 538 39,620 5,082 355 -14,672 (-11,909) (-2,763) 553 188 10,167 934 75,033 5,709 2,304 25,578 1,833 3,580 1,780 1,460 9,561 807 7,834 30,201 11,970 1,676 4,505 1,114 50 795 2,317 3,312 585 4,607 1,317 567 48,565 5,497 157 -18,846 (-15,870) (-2,975) 638 207 10,302 992 77,864 5,747 2,233 28,062 1,661 4,781 1,854 1,728 9,964 955 7,724 35,369 13,339 1,664 5,216 2,030 67 929 3,029 3,255 647 5,708 753 2,750 55,373 7,076 773 -23,333 (-20,048) (-3,284) 739 284 15,518 1,077 84,852 7,331 3,230 33,751 2,099 7,512 2,221 1,985 18,578 1,075 9,144 41,843 16,577 2,031 6,319 2,531 93 341 3,665 3,269 662 7,062 666 5,279 64,159 8,595 1,112 -21,267 (-17,547) (-3,719) 788 325 17,682 1,484 87,917 7,897 3,841 40,261 2,455 7,026 2,433 2,140 26,524 1,393 11,709 43,407 18,416 2,112 7,358 3,118 80 -13 3,742 3,671 733 8,323 624 5,576 73,384 8,490 1,085 -22,186 (-18,411) (-3,775) 226 85 5,009 396 21,807 2,035 1,048 10,530 648 1,361 855 548 6,109 407 2,902 10,272 3,959 581 1,958 1,108 16 30 1,329 953 207 2,354 94 1,290 19,763 3,297 -726 -4,477 (-4,135) (-342) 990 393 23,287 2,010 95,147 8,717 5,049 46,493 2,755 5,808 3,220 2,220 23,225 1,449 11,978 48,061 18,020 2,271 8,251 4,365 74 70 3,616 4,002 753 9,633 758 6,014 84,344 9,433 -173 -23,018 (-19,390) (-3,627) 1,064 437 30,179 4,720 102,259 9,828 6,412 51,752 3,217 7,650 3,874 2,248 23,694 1,658 12,791 54,010 18,965 2,564 9,203 4,072 75 213 5,123 4,164 803 10,962 2,820 6,595 93,120 9,022 -496 -24,250 (-20,788) (-3,463) Total outlays ................................................................................. 210,172 230,681 245,707 269,359 332,332 371,792 95,975 409,218 458,746 Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Legislative Branch ...................................................................................... Judicial Branch ........................................................................................... Department of Agriculture ........................................................................... Department of Commerce .......................................................................... Department of Defense--Military Programs ................................................ Department of Education ............................................................................ Department of Energy ................................................................................ Department of Health and Human Services ............................................... Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................... Department of the Interior .......................................................................... Department of Justice ................................................................................. Department of Labor ................................................................................... Department of State ................................................................................... Department of Transportation ..................................................................... Department of the Treasury ........................................................................ Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................................. Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ................................................................ Other Defense Civil Programs .................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................. Executive Office of the President ............................................................... General Services Administration ................................................................ International Assistance Programs ............................................................. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................ National Science Foundation ..................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ............................................................... Small Business Administration ................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ............................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ............................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ................................................. Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ................................................. Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ............................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................... 1,099 481 31,698 3,538 113,605 12,167 7,441 57,820 3,415 9,220 4,168 2,353 23,448 1,987 14,642 63,830 19,891 2,898 10,315 4,800 81 211 3,757 4,380 870 12,663 1,699 6,228 103,316 10,324 -891 -27,428 (-24,089) (-3,338) 1,224 567 34,721 3,129 130,912 14,612 7,260 68,255 4,296 12,735 4,472 2,438 30,542 2,382 18,166 75,451 21,137 3,218 11,961 5,603 96 573 7,747 4,959 912 15,056 2,026 7,087 117,872 13,953 -431 -31,988 (-28,445) (-3,543) 1,214 641 41,541 2,296 153,861 16,973 11,756 80,821 3,943 14,880 4,456 2,438 30,911 2,347 20,922 91,691 22,907 3,139 13,788 5,242 96 795 8,127 5,537 976 18,096 2,032 7,862 138,914 11,802 89 -41,852 (-38,134) (-3,718) 1,367 710 45,623 2,054 180,693 14,707 11,656 88,408 3,847 15,232 3,944 2,325 31,479 2,684 17,931 109,418 23,941 2,962 14,997 5,081 95 550 7,922 6,155 1,099 19,983 773 8,520 155,120 9,184 -553 -42,165 (-38,448) (-3,717) 1,437 787 52,317 1,925 204,356 14,433 10,590 95,008 4,689 15,814 4,552 2,493 38,683 2,793 18,239 115,366 24,827 2,918 16,004 4,312 94 528 7,878 6,853 1,055 21,278 661 29,854 150,731 8,644 322 -51,078 (-47,455) (-3,623) 1,577 866 41,928 1,894 220,863 15,424 10,990 102,374 5,060 16,663 4,936 2,816 25,348 2,982 20,507 139,911 25,580 3,036 16,536 4,076 96 463 10,835 7,055 1,193 22,590 510 17,651 171,167 8,846 360 -52,329 (-46,975) (-5,354) 1,607 966 55,435 2,139 245,109 16,596 10,586 114,270 5,007 28,720 4,804 3,182 24,738 3,303 22,510 163,688 26,322 2,998 15,809 4,490 111 364 11,858 7,251 1,309 23,727 680 16,793 183,434 7,051 142 -58,656 (-52,029) (-6,627) 1,662 1,071 58,599 2,083 265,440 17,577 11,025 122,940 5,383 14,139 4,774 3,336 24,934 3,590 24,885 178,076 26,523 2,806 17,483 4,867 108 713 11,040 7,403 1,536 23,955 557 19,316 190,684 8,871 42 -65,036 (-57,850) (-7,186) 1,810 1,180 49,507 2,127 273,919 16,670 10,692 131,410 5,383 15,484 5,037 3,807 24,208 3,572 22,851 178,684 26,932 2,757 17,962 4,904 110 462 10,406 7,591 1,547 26,966 -65 16,524 202,422 10,475 943 -72,262 (-63,672) (-8,590) Total outlays ................................................................................. 504,028 590,941 678,241 745,743 808,364 851,805 946,344 990,382 1,004,017 Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Legislative Branch ...................................................................................... Judicial Branch ........................................................................................... Department of Agriculture ........................................................................... Department of Commerce .......................................................................... Department of Defense--Military Programs ................................................ Department of Education ............................................................................ Department of Energy ................................................................................ Department of Health and Human Services ............................................... Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................... Department of the Interior .......................................................................... Department of Justice ................................................................................. Department of Labor ................................................................................... Department of State ................................................................................... Department of Transportation ..................................................................... Department of the Treasury ........................................................................ Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................................. Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ................................................................ Other Defense Civil Programs .................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................. Executive Office of the President ............................................................... General Services Administration ................................................................ International Assistance Programs ............................................................. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................ National Science Foundation ..................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ............................................................... Small Business Administration ................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ............................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ............................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ................................................. Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ................................................. Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ............................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................... 1,848 1,342 43,930 2,278 281,889 18,145 11,165 140,035 6,180 18,938 5,138 4,656 22,662 4,217 23,698 200,406 29,253 3,028 19,039 4,871 122 -95 7,252 9,092 1,644 29,191 -54 18,113 214,489 19,020 1,712 -78,789 (-66,992) (-11,798) 2,216 1,499 48,256 2,570 294,829 21,468 11,386 152,689 5,671 19,680 5,194 5,275 25,374 4,576 23,828 227,402 30,014 3,256 20,230 4,906 124 -444 4,291 11,036 1,736 29,073 85 18,709 227,473 30,727 -310 -89,074 (-72,822) (-16,252) 2,231 1,646 45,858 3,734 289,694 22,972 12,083 175,515 7,219 20,167 5,814 5,886 26,087 4,796 25,642 253,915 28,976 3,324 21,690 5,108 158 -170 10,085 12,429 1,821 31,949 692 17,276 244,998 68,704 1,626 -98,930 (-77,371) (-21,558) 2,245 1,997 53,990 2,585 261,860 25,196 12,472 198,095 6,654 22,751 6,082 7,670 34,790 5,149 27,237 274,606 31,191 3,341 23,238 5,769 193 445 11,723 13,878 2,064 34,808 613 19,008 266,395 76,870 1,317 -110,005 (-83,979) (-26,026) 2,629 2,308 56,320 2,566 286,574 25,832 15,515 231,550 7,577 24,470 6,531 9,208 47,889 5,927 29,098 291,005 33,872 3,565 24,746 5,950 186 457 11,107 13,961 2,230 35,596 546 24,943 281,418 14,405 659 -117,111 (-87,372) (-29,739) 2,394 2,628 63,019 2,797 278,510 30,109 16,933 253,821 9,653 25,181 6,879 9,485 45,452 6,385 30,958 296,825 35,461 3,354 25,957 5,930 194 721 11,524 14,305 2,429 36,794 785 28,143 298,349 -17,321 1,441 -119,711 (-86,507) (-33,203) 2,537 2,677 60,615 2,915 268,577 24,557 17,830 278,887 10,708 25,845 7,064 9,369 37,819 6,784 33,563 305,550 37,377 3,483 26,969 5,855 231 332 10,497 13,694 2,605 38,596 779 31,164 313,881 3,356 1,103 -123,469 (-87,857) (-35,612) 2,609 2,903 56,550 3,401 259,487 31,205 17,608 303,060 9,376 29,044 7,479 10,149 32,808 6,263 35,132 346,875 37,748 3,745 27,972 6,351 215 679 11,128 13,378 2,814 41,276 677 31,037 330,370 -5,996 -1,969 -137,632 (-97,895) (-39,737) 2,263 3,059 54,218 3,702 253,196 29,727 16,195 319,788 9,692 25,236 6,776 11,049 33,163 5,730 35,144 362,862 36,896 3,627 28,947 6,046 202 560 9,665 13,881 2,988 42,870 873 30,694 343,869 2,743 -180 -134,997 (-92,212) (-42,785) Total outlays ................................................................................. 1,064,416 1,143,743 1,252,993 1,324,226 1,381,529 1,409,386 1,461,752 1,515,742 1,560,484 1994 1995 1996 Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Legislative Branch ...................................................................................... Judicial Branch ........................................................................................... Department of Agriculture ........................................................................... Department of Commerce .......................................................................... Department of Defense--Military Programs ................................................ Department of Education ............................................................................ Department of Energy ................................................................................ Department of Health and Human Services ............................................... Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................... Department of the Interior .......................................................................... Department of Justice ................................................................................. Department of Labor ................................................................................... Department of State ................................................................................... Department of Transportation ..................................................................... Department of the Treasury ........................................................................ Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................................. Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ................................................................ Other Defense Civil Programs .................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................. Executive Office of the President ............................................................... General Services Administration ................................................................ International Assistance Programs ............................................................. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................ National Science Foundation ..................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ............................................................... Small Business Administration ................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ............................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ............................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ................................................. Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ................................................. Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ............................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................... 2,348 3,259 52,393 3,782 258,262 30,009 14,458 339,514 10,533 27,527 6,763 13,076 31,088 6,029 36,072 377,491 39,253 3,598 30,279 6,164 221 882 10,075 14,360 3,093 45,404 333 34,309 358,372 -2,813 -49 -154,969 (-107,272) (-47,697) 2,572 3,459 53,800 4,036 255,793 31,294 14,414 350,341 10,617 30,181 7,222 14,045 30,580 5,396 35,554 389,005 41,724 3,775 31,204 6,269 237 826 8,886 14,194 3,143 46,297 -77 37,542 370,068 10,878 217 -161,034 (-107,353) (-53,681) 2,592 3,789 62,690 5,020 261,196 31,285 15,879 359,429 13,321 32,693 7,783 16,181 32,995 6,554 37,672 385,045 43,125 3,934 31,987 6,733 417 -413 10,070 13,636 3,246 47,519 57 40,021 379,212 6,189 1,021 -159,036 (-99,581) (-59,455) 2,871 4,057 75,071 7,788 281,028 33,476 14,971 382,311 13,159 30,781 7,998 16,846 31,873 6,687 41,555 390,524 47,044 4,229 32,801 7,223 283 74 12,087 13,428 3,448 48,655 -421 45,121 396,169 8,803 2,029 -173,019 (-105,586) (-67,433) 2,959 4,381 68,071 5,003 290,185 35,523 16,319 425,885 14,980 33,865 7,743 18,443 39,707 7,487 49,231 388,268 45,012 4,640 34,131 7,367 246 -309 11,804 14,092 3,662 50,894 -570 40,007 421,257 11,386 2,302 -191,125 (-114,404) (-76,721) 3,187 4,828 68,622 5,312 331,845 46,373 17,669 465,326 17,570 31,788 9,739 21,178 64,686 9,327 56,252 371,187 50,868 4,727 35,136 7,451 451 -684 13,289 14,405 4,155 52,540 493 45,816 442,010 16,705 -651 -200,706 (-115,009) (-85,697) 3,396 5,127 72,737 5,665 388,686 57,145 19,379 504,922 31,970 37,410 9,193 20,790 69,563 9,343 50,764 368,256 56,921 4,682 39,874 8,041 386 589 13,449 14,610 4,690 54,135 1,558 46,333 461,400 14,579 -5,245 -210,449 (-117,303) (-93,146) 3,890 5,389 71,560 5,829 437,034 62,780 19,892 542,982 26,575 44,984 8,606 29,601 56,687 10,915 54,879 375,844 59,554 4,728 41,726 8,328 3,349 -451 13,639 15,152 5,092 56,547 4,075 49,008 481,200 10,103 -4,130 -212,526 (-114,967) (-97,559) 3,984 5,547 85,308 6,147 474,354 72,858 21,271 581,390 38,697 42,453 9,292 22,361 46,949 12,748 56,596 410,240 69,815 4,719 43,481 7,913 7,686 20 15,024 15,602 5,403 59,500 2,502 54,556 506,779 16,766 -1,791 -226,213 (-123,436) (-102,777) Total outlays ................................................................................. 1,601,116 1,652,458 1,701,842 1,788,950 1,862,846 2,010,894 2,159,899 2,292,841 2,471,957 Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Legislative Branch ...................................................................................... Judicial Branch ........................................................................................... Department of Agriculture ........................................................................... Department of Commerce .......................................................................... Department of Defense--Military Programs ................................................ Department of Education ............................................................................ Department of Energy ................................................................................ Department of Health and Human Services ............................................... Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................... Department of the Interior .......................................................................... Department of Justice ................................................................................. Department of Labor ................................................................................... Department of State ................................................................................... Department of Transportation ..................................................................... Department of the Treasury ........................................................................ Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................................. Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ................................................................ Other Defense Civil Programs .................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................. Executive Office of the President ............................................................... General Services Administration ................................................................ International Assistance Programs ............................................................. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................ National Science Foundation ..................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ............................................................... Small Business Administration ................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ............................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ............................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ................................................. Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ................................................. Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ............................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................... 4,101 5,823 93,533 6,372 499,344 93,368 19,649 614,274 69,025 42,435 9,037 23,324 43,138 12,953 60,139 464,675 69,777 6,944 44,435 8,321 5,379 24 13,917 15,125 5,510 62,400 905 53,252 532,491 14,003 -1,075 -237,548 (-128,201) (-109,347) 4,294 6,006 84,427 6,475 528,578 66,372 20,116 671,982 39,156 45,561 10,469 23,349 47,544 13,737 61,697 490,589 72,792 3,918 47,112 8,259 2,956 27 12,752 15,861 5,488 58,431 1,175 54,917 566,846 12,913 5,093 -260,206 (-141,904) (-118,302) 4,408 6,347 90,795 7,721 594,662 65,963 21,400 700,442 40,676 49,088 9,817 26,545 58,838 17,493 64,944 548,797 84,749 5,075 45,785 7,939 1,173 343 11,359 17,833 5,785 64,393 528 58,602 599,197 47,221 2,417 -277,791 (-150,928) (-126,863) 4,704 6,645 114,440 10,718 636,775 53,389 23,683 796,267 51,719 61,019 11,775 27,711 138,157 21,427 73,004 701,775 95,457 6,842 57,276 8,070 743 319 14,797 19,168 5,958 72,302 2,246 78,657 648,892 47,631 304 -274,193 (-142,013) (-132,180) 5,839 7,181 129,459 13,236 666,715 93,743 30,778 854,059 44,457 60,141 13,164 29,556 173,053 23,802 77,750 444,338 108,274 9,876 54,032 11,007 582 861 20,041 18,906 6,719 69,915 6,128 70,758 683,420 -7,525 4,700 -267,886 (-134,448) (-133,438) 4,582 7,293 139,397 9,930 678,074 65,484 31,371 891,247 45,741 57,004 13,519 30,519 131,975 24,354 77,302 538,707 126,918 10,138 54,775 10,772 484 1,889 20,583 17,618 7,146 74,090 6,163 155,316 628,878 17,466 808 -276,478 (-145,398) (-131,080) 4,440 7,227 139,717 10,267 650,867 57,249 32,484 848,056 47,422 49,600 12,891 31,159 104,588 26,947 75,149 464,714 124,124 7,777 77,313 12,796 405 1,753 20,009 17,190 7,255 79,457 2,936 188,241 632,903 30,021 2,670 -230,682 (-102,697) (-127,985) 4,316 7,063 155,895 9,140 607,800 40,910 24,731 886,291 57,217 56,577 9,607 29,745 80,307 25,972 76,322 399,068 138,464 6,299 56,811 9,484 380 -368 19,672 16,975 7,417 83,867 477 109,849 757,542 28,180 -1,913 -249,450 (-127,632) (-121,818) 4,164 6,893 141,808 7,895 577,898 59,610 23,638 936,012 43,263 38,527 11,279 28,620 56,774 27,481 76,174 446,897 149,074 6,535 57,370 9,399 375 -767 18,742 17,095 7,053 87,917 194 81,184 824,587 9,089 -2,531 -246,158 (-130,155) (-116,003) Total outlays ................................................................................. 2,655,050 2,728,686 2,982,544 3,517,677 3,457,079 3,603,065 3,536,945 3,454,647 3,506,091 Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 2015 2016 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Allowances ........................................................................................................................ Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................................................. 4,321 7,137 139,115 8,956 562,499 90,029 25,424 1,027,514 42,572 35,527 12,340 26,906 45,217 26,498 75,425 485,623 159,216 6,685 62,966 7,008 397 -890 20,950 18,268 6,837 91,734 -746 87,359 856,763 16,037 -1,710 .......... -257,594 (-145,618) (-111,976) 4,347 7,499 138,161 9,165 565,370 76,978 25,860 1,102,965 45,196 26,388 12,583 29,523 41,364 29,449 78,423 526,116 174,019 6,388 64,508 8,725 397 -735 16,240 18,828 6,902 91,318 -445 93,240 883,545 13,018 -1,361 .......... -241,362 (-133,851) (-107,511) 5,153 8,099 132,967 10,742 573,009 111,781 26,986 1,130,733 51,394 56,816 13,471 38,244 45,084 30,101 79,397 567,015 174,354 6,921 58,011 8,597 427 -243 26,307 19,131 7,025 93,615 415 94,585 914,274 19,495 5,210 -3,557 -243,336 (-139,331) (-104,005) 5,081 8,017 139,674 10,065 621,696 65,626 27,751 1,131,161 51,284 40,874 13,067 35,374 42,494 27,469 77,021 603,188 177,518 6,586 56,342 6,480 404 1,344 28,120 19,435 6,922 97,182 999 94,454 969,333 16,917 195 -39,679 -247,944 (-145,074) (-102,870) 5,175 8,003 131,747 11,491 613,587 66,475 25,214 1,216,483 55,182 38,459 12,362 34,515 41,408 24,235 77,556 663,789 194,191 6,476 63,325 5,552 402 2,201 22,210 19,124 7,313 101,867 838 104,024 1,030,046 20,419 -2,905 -26,397 -234,803 (-131,260) (-103,543) 5,178 8,031 124,208 14,639 611,090 63,736 26,413 1,285,160 54,802 33,849 12,701 33,642 44,423 20,900 76,590 727,055 201,544 6,347 64,585 5,665 402 1,963 18,295 19,194 7,181 105,195 836 109,699 1,093,229 19,561 -2,440 -85,090 -238,504 (-135,478) (-103,026) 5,160 8,062 126,000 10,218 616,388 63,561 24,797 1,354,623 55,739 32,323 12,385 32,904 47,029 19,230 67,839 790,093 208,926 6,297 66,516 5,704 401 644 15,463 19,207 7,042 107,877 833 115,853 1,156,688 19,733 -2,037 -138,295 -240,521 (-137,832) (-102,689) 5,167 8,096 122,800 8,821 622,617 61,808 24,902 1,458,308 53,055 31,565 12,131 32,816 49,566 17,816 62,259 845,351 225,888 6,119 74,744 5,789 401 411 13,834 19,207 6,884 110,421 829 126,981 1,226,005 24,200 -1,728 -181,804 -243,515 (-142,852) (-100,663) Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 3,688,383 3,852,612 4,062,223 4,094,450 4,339,564 4,470,079 4,616,682 4,831,744 Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022 Department or other unit 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 Legislative Branch ...................................................................................... Judicial Branch ........................................................................................... Department of Agriculture ........................................................................... Department of Commerce .......................................................................... Department of Defense--Military Programs ................................................ Department of Education ............................................................................ Department of Energy ................................................................................ Department of Health and Human Services ............................................... Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................... Department of the Interior .......................................................................... Department of Justice ................................................................................. Department of Labor ................................................................................... Department of State ................................................................................... Department of Transportation ..................................................................... Department of the Treasury ........................................................................ Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................................. Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ................................................................ Other Defense Civil Programs .................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................. Executive Office of the President ............................................................... General Services Administration ................................................................ International Assistance Programs ............................................................. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................ National Science Foundation ..................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ............................................................... Small Business Administration ................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ............................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ............................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ................................................. Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ............................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................... 0.2 0.1 6.0 0.2 46.9 0.8 2.6 3.3 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 3.7 0.4 3.6 7.9 5.2 0.9 0.9 0.1 * 0.4 3.0 1.2 0.2 1.0 0.2 .......... 13.4 2.1 -6.3 (-5.5) (-0.8) 0.2 0.1 6.7 0.3 45.9 0.9 2.4 3.7 0.6 -0.5 0.7 0.2 3.2 0.5 3.7 8.6 4.9 1.0 1.0 0.1 * 0.4 2.8 2.3 0.2 1.1 0.1 .......... 14.2 1.5 -6.5 (-5.8) (-0.7) 0.2 0.1 6.4 0.6 44.4 0.8 2.3 3.9 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.2 2.9 0.4 4.0 8.7 4.8 0.9 1.1 0.1 * 0.4 2.7 3.5 0.3 1.1 0.1 .......... 14.0 1.0 -6.2 (-5.4) (-0.7) 0.2 0.1 5.9 0.6 41.3 1.0 2.2 4.0 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.3 2.6 0.5 4.4 9.1 4.8 1.0 1.2 0.1 * 0.5 2.7 4.3 0.3 1.2 0.2 .......... 14.8 1.5 -6.5 (-5.7) (-0.8) 0.2 0.1 4.2 0.4 42.1 1.8 1.7 4.2 0.5 1.8 0.6 0.2 2.4 0.5 3.8 8.7 4.4 0.9 1.2 0.1 * 0.4 2.4 4.4 0.3 1.3 0.2 .......... 15.4 1.9 -6.3 (-5.5) (-0.7) 0.2 0.1 3.8 0.3 44.5 2.3 1.4 6.1 0.5 2.0 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.4 3.3 8.1 4.2 0.8 1.2 0.1 * 0.4 2.1 3.4 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 13.7 2.3 -6.1 (-5.3) (-0.8) 0.2 0.1 4.2 0.3 45.1 2.3 1.4 7.3 0.5 2.1 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.4 3.1 8.0 3.9 0.7 1.2 0.1 * 0.3 1.6 2.7 0.3 1.2 0.2 0.1 13.3 2.4 -6.0 (-5.2) (-0.8) 0.2 0.1 4.6 0.3 44.0 2.2 1.3 8.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.2 2.3 0.3 3.1 9.0 4.2 0.7 1.4 0.2 * 0.3 1.5 2.3 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.2 14.6 1.6 -6.0 (-5.1) (-0.9) 0.2 0.1 4.3 0.4 41.0 2.3 1.2 8.9 0.6 1.2 0.6 0.3 2.5 0.3 3.1 9.7 4.4 0.6 1.5 0.2 * 0.3 1.4 1.9 0.2 1.4 0.1 0.2 15.2 2.2 -6.4 (-5.3) (-1.1) Total outlays ................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022—Continued Department or other unit 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 Legislative Branch ...................................................................................... Judicial Branch ........................................................................................... Department of Agriculture ........................................................................... Department of Commerce .......................................................................... Department of Defense--Military Programs ................................................ Department of Education ............................................................................ Department of Energy ................................................................................ Department of Health and Human Services ............................................... Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................... Department of the Interior .......................................................................... Department of Justice ................................................................................. Department of Labor ................................................................................... Department of State ................................................................................... Department of Transportation ..................................................................... Department of the Treasury ........................................................................ Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................................. Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ................................................................ Other Defense Civil Programs .................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................. Executive Office of the President ............................................................... General Services Administration ................................................................ International Assistance Programs ............................................................. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................ National Science Foundation ..................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ............................................................... Small Business Administration ................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ............................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ............................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ................................................. Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ................................................. Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ............................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................... 0.2 0.1 4.1 0.4 36.9 2.4 1.0 9.7 0.5 1.3 0.6 0.4 4.0 0.3 3.3 9.7 4.6 0.6 1.7 0.3 * 0.3 1.4 1.6 0.2 1.5 0.2 0.2 16.8 2.5 .......... -7.1 (-5.8) (-1.2) 0.2 0.1 4.8 0.4 33.7 2.4 1.0 11.0 0.6 1.6 0.7 0.5 4.5 0.3 3.1 9.3 4.6 0.6 1.7 0.3 * 0.3 1.3 1.5 0.2 1.6 0.2 0.2 17.2 2.2 0.2 -6.4 (-5.2) (-1.2) 0.2 0.1 4.1 0.4 30.5 2.3 0.9 10.4 0.7 1.5 0.7 0.6 3.9 0.3 3.2 12.3 4.9 0.7 1.8 0.5 * 0.3 0.9 1.3 0.2 1.9 0.5 0.2 19.8 2.2 0.1 -7.7 (-6.5) (-1.2) 0.2 0.1 3.8 0.4 28.9 2.1 0.8 10.4 0.6 1.8 0.7 0.6 3.7 0.4 2.9 13.1 5.0 0.6 1.9 0.8 * 0.3 1.1 1.2 0.2 2.1 0.3 1.0 20.6 2.6 0.3 -8.7 (-7.4) (-1.2) 0.2 0.1 4.7 0.3 25.5 2.2 1.0 10.2 0.6 2.3 0.7 0.6 5.6 0.3 2.8 12.6 5.0 0.6 1.9 0.8 * 0.1 1.1 1.0 0.2 2.1 0.2 1.6 19.3 2.6 0.3 -6.4 (-5.3) (-1.1) 0.2 0.1 4.8 0.4 23.6 2.1 1.0 10.8 0.7 1.9 0.7 0.6 7.1 0.4 3.1 11.7 5.0 0.6 2.0 0.8 * -* 1.0 1.0 0.2 2.2 0.2 1.5 19.7 2.3 0.3 -6.0 (-5.0) (-1.0) 0.2 0.1 5.2 0.4 22.7 2.1 1.1 11.0 0.7 1.4 0.9 0.6 6.4 0.4 3.0 10.7 4.1 0.6 2.0 1.2 * * 1.4 1.0 0.2 2.5 0.1 1.3 20.6 3.4 -0.8 -4.7 (-4.3) (-0.4) 0.2 0.1 5.7 0.5 23.3 2.1 1.2 11.4 0.7 1.4 0.8 0.5 5.7 0.4 2.9 11.7 4.4 0.6 2.0 1.1 * * 0.9 1.0 0.2 2.4 0.2 1.5 20.6 2.3 -* -5.6 (-4.7) (-0.9) 0.2 0.1 6.6 1.0 22.3 2.1 1.4 11.3 0.7 1.7 0.8 0.5 5.2 0.4 2.8 11.8 4.1 0.6 2.0 0.9 * * 1.1 0.9 0.2 2.4 0.6 1.4 20.3 2.0 -0.1 -5.3 (-4.5) (-0.8) Total outlays ................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022—Continued Department or other unit 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Legislative Branch ...................................................................................... Judicial Branch ........................................................................................... Department of Agriculture ........................................................................... Department of Commerce .......................................................................... Department of Defense--Military Programs ................................................ Department of Education ............................................................................ Department of Energy ................................................................................ Department of Health and Human Services ............................................... Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................... Department of the Interior .......................................................................... Department of Justice ................................................................................. Department of Labor ................................................................................... Department of State ................................................................................... Department of Transportation ..................................................................... Department of the Treasury ........................................................................ Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................................. Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ................................................................ Other Defense Civil Programs .................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................. Executive Office of the President ............................................................... General Services Administration ................................................................ International Assistance Programs ............................................................. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................ National Science Foundation ..................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ............................................................... Small Business Administration ................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ............................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ............................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ................................................. Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ................................................. Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ............................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................... 0.2 0.1 6.3 0.7 22.5 2.4 1.5 11.5 0.7 1.8 0.8 0.5 4.7 0.4 2.9 12.7 3.9 0.6 2.0 1.0 * * 0.7 0.9 0.2 2.5 0.3 1.2 20.5 2.0 -0.2 -5.4 (-4.8) (-0.7) 0.2 0.1 5.9 0.5 22.2 2.5 1.2 11.6 0.7 2.2 0.8 0.4 5.2 0.4 3.1 12.8 3.6 0.5 2.0 0.9 * 0.1 1.3 0.8 0.2 2.5 0.3 1.2 19.9 2.4 -0.1 -5.4 (-4.8) (-0.6) 0.2 0.1 6.1 0.3 22.7 2.5 1.7 11.9 0.6 2.2 0.7 0.4 4.6 0.3 3.1 13.5 3.4 0.5 2.0 0.8 * 0.1 1.2 0.8 0.1 2.7 0.3 1.2 20.5 1.7 * -6.2 (-5.6) (-0.5) 0.2 0.1 6.1 0.3 24.2 2.0 1.6 11.9 0.5 2.0 0.5 0.3 4.2 0.4 2.4 14.7 3.2 0.4 2.0 0.7 * 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.1 2.7 0.1 1.1 20.8 1.2 -0.1 -5.7 (-5.2) (-0.5) 0.2 0.1 6.5 0.2 25.3 1.8 1.3 11.8 0.6 2.0 0.6 0.3 4.8 0.3 2.3 14.3 3.1 0.4 2.0 0.5 * 0.1 1.0 0.8 0.1 2.6 0.1 3.7 18.6 1.1 * -6.3 (-5.9) (-0.4) 0.2 0.1 4.9 0.2 25.9 1.8 1.3 12.0 0.6 2.0 0.6 0.3 3.0 0.4 2.4 16.4 3.0 0.4 1.9 0.5 * 0.1 1.3 0.8 0.1 2.7 0.1 2.1 20.1 1.0 * -6.1 (-5.5) (-0.6) 0.2 0.1 5.9 0.2 25.9 1.8 1.1 12.1 0.5 3.0 0.5 0.3 2.6 0.3 2.4 17.3 2.8 0.3 1.7 0.5 * * 1.3 0.8 0.1 2.5 0.1 1.8 19.4 0.7 * -6.2 (-5.5) (-0.7) 0.2 0.1 5.9 0.2 26.8 1.8 1.1 12.4 0.5 1.4 0.5 0.3 2.5 0.4 2.5 18.0 2.7 0.3 1.8 0.5 * 0.1 1.1 0.7 0.2 2.4 0.1 2.0 19.3 0.9 * -6.6 (-5.8) (-0.7) 0.2 0.1 4.9 0.2 27.3 1.7 1.1 13.1 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.4 2.4 0.4 2.3 17.8 2.7 0.3 1.8 0.5 * * 1.0 0.8 0.2 2.7 -* 1.6 20.2 1.0 0.1 -7.2 (-6.3) (-0.9) Total outlays ................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022—Continued Department or other unit 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Legislative Branch ...................................................................................... Judicial Branch ........................................................................................... Department of Agriculture ........................................................................... Department of Commerce .......................................................................... Department of Defense--Military Programs ................................................ Department of Education ............................................................................ Department of Energy ................................................................................ Department of Health and Human Services ............................................... Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................... Department of the Interior .......................................................................... Department of Justice ................................................................................. Department of Labor ................................................................................... Department of State ................................................................................... Department of Transportation ..................................................................... Department of the Treasury ........................................................................ Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................................. Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ................................................................ Other Defense Civil Programs .................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................. Executive Office of the President ............................................................... General Services Administration ................................................................ International Assistance Programs ............................................................. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................ National Science Foundation ..................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ............................................................... Small Business Administration ................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ............................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ............................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ................................................. Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ................................................. Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ............................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................... 0.2 0.1 4.1 0.2 26.5 1.7 1.0 13.2 0.6 1.8 0.5 0.4 2.1 0.4 2.2 18.8 2.7 0.3 1.8 0.5 * -* 0.7 0.9 0.2 2.7 -* 1.7 20.2 1.8 0.2 -7.4 (-6.3) (-1.1) 0.2 0.1 4.2 0.2 25.8 1.9 1.0 13.3 0.5 1.7 0.5 0.5 2.2 0.4 2.1 19.9 2.6 0.3 1.8 0.4 * -* 0.4 1.0 0.2 2.5 * 1.6 19.9 2.7 -* -7.8 (-6.4) (-1.4) 0.2 0.1 3.7 0.3 23.1 1.8 1.0 14.0 0.6 1.6 0.5 0.5 2.1 0.4 2.0 20.3 2.3 0.3 1.7 0.4 * -* 0.8 1.0 0.1 2.5 0.1 1.4 19.6 5.5 0.1 -7.9 (-6.2) (-1.7) 0.2 0.2 4.1 0.2 19.8 1.9 0.9 15.0 0.5 1.7 0.5 0.6 2.6 0.4 2.1 20.7 2.4 0.3 1.8 0.4 * * 0.9 1.0 0.2 2.6 * 1.4 20.1 5.8 0.1 -8.3 (-6.3) (-2.0) 0.2 0.2 4.1 0.2 20.7 1.9 1.1 16.8 0.5 1.8 0.5 0.7 3.5 0.4 2.1 21.1 2.5 0.3 1.8 0.4 * * 0.8 1.0 0.2 2.6 * 1.8 20.4 1.0 * -8.5 (-6.3) (-2.2) 0.2 0.2 4.5 0.2 19.8 2.1 1.2 18.0 0.7 1.8 0.5 0.7 3.2 0.5 2.2 21.1 2.5 0.2 1.8 0.4 * 0.1 0.8 1.0 0.2 2.6 0.1 2.0 21.2 -1.2 0.1 -8.5 (-6.1) (-2.4) 0.2 0.2 4.1 0.2 18.4 1.7 1.2 19.1 0.7 1.8 0.5 0.6 2.6 0.5 2.3 20.9 2.6 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 0.7 0.9 0.2 2.6 0.1 2.1 21.5 0.2 0.1 -8.4 (-6.0) (-2.4) 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.2 17.1 2.1 1.2 20.0 0.6 1.9 0.5 0.7 2.2 0.4 2.3 22.9 2.5 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 0.7 0.9 0.2 2.7 * 2.0 21.8 -0.4 -0.1 -9.1 (-6.5) (-2.6) 0.1 0.2 3.5 0.2 16.2 1.9 1.0 20.5 0.6 1.6 0.4 0.7 2.1 0.4 2.3 23.3 2.4 0.2 1.9 0.4 * * 0.6 0.9 0.2 2.7 0.1 2.0 22.0 0.2 -* -8.7 (-5.9) (-2.7) Total outlays ................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022—Continued Department or other unit 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Legislative Branch ...................................................................................... Judicial Branch ........................................................................................... Department of Agriculture ........................................................................... Department of Commerce .......................................................................... Department of Defense--Military Programs ................................................ Department of Education ............................................................................ Department of Energy ................................................................................ Department of Health and Human Services ............................................... Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................... Department of the Interior .......................................................................... Department of Justice ................................................................................. Department of Labor ................................................................................... Department of State ................................................................................... Department of Transportation ..................................................................... Department of the Treasury ........................................................................ Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................................. Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ................................................................ Other Defense Civil Programs .................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................. Executive Office of the President ............................................................... General Services Administration ................................................................ International Assistance Programs ............................................................. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................ National Science Foundation ..................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ............................................................... Small Business Administration ................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ............................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ............................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ................................................. Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ................................................. Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ............................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................... 0.1 0.2 3.3 0.2 16.1 1.9 0.9 21.2 0.7 1.7 0.4 0.8 1.9 0.4 2.3 23.6 2.5 0.2 1.9 0.4 * 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.2 2.8 * 2.1 22.4 -0.2 -* -9.7 (-6.7) (-3.0) 0.2 0.2 3.3 0.2 15.5 1.9 0.9 21.2 0.6 1.8 0.4 0.8 1.9 0.3 2.2 23.5 2.5 0.2 1.9 0.4 * * 0.5 0.9 0.2 2.8 -* 2.3 22.4 0.7 * -9.7 (-6.5) (-3.2) 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.3 15.3 1.8 0.9 21.1 0.8 1.9 0.5 1.0 1.9 0.4 2.2 22.6 2.5 0.2 1.9 0.4 * -* 0.6 0.8 0.2 2.8 * 2.4 22.3 0.4 0.1 -9.3 (-5.9) (-3.5) 0.2 0.2 4.2 0.4 15.7 1.9 0.8 21.4 0.7 1.7 0.4 0.9 1.8 0.4 2.3 21.8 2.6 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 0.7 0.8 0.2 2.7 -* 2.5 22.1 0.5 0.1 -9.7 (-5.9) (-3.8) 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.3 15.6 1.9 0.9 22.9 0.8 1.8 0.4 1.0 2.1 0.4 2.6 20.8 2.4 0.2 1.8 0.4 * -* 0.6 0.8 0.2 2.7 -* 2.1 22.6 0.6 0.1 -10.3 (-6.1) (-4.1) 0.2 0.2 3.4 0.3 16.5 2.3 0.9 23.1 0.9 1.6 0.5 1.1 3.2 0.5 2.8 18.5 2.5 0.2 1.7 0.4 * -* 0.7 0.7 0.2 2.6 * 2.3 22.0 0.8 -* -10.0 (-5.7) (-4.3) 0.2 0.2 3.4 0.3 18.0 2.6 0.9 23.4 1.5 1.7 0.4 1.0 3.2 0.4 2.4 17.0 2.6 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 0.6 0.7 0.2 2.5 0.1 2.1 21.4 0.7 -0.2 -9.7 (-5.4) (-4.3) 0.2 0.2 3.1 0.3 19.1 2.7 0.9 23.7 1.2 2.0 0.4 1.3 2.5 0.5 2.4 16.4 2.6 0.2 1.8 0.4 0.1 -* 0.6 0.7 0.2 2.5 0.2 2.1 21.0 0.4 -0.2 -9.3 (-5.0) (-4.3) 0.2 0.2 3.5 0.2 19.2 2.9 0.9 23.5 1.6 1.7 0.4 0.9 1.9 0.5 2.3 16.6 2.8 0.2 1.8 0.3 0.3 * 0.6 0.6 0.2 2.4 0.1 2.2 20.5 0.7 -0.1 -9.2 (-5.0) (-4.2) Total outlays ................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022—Continued Department or other unit 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Legislative Branch ...................................................................................... Judicial Branch ........................................................................................... Department of Agriculture ........................................................................... Department of Commerce .......................................................................... Department of Defense--Military Programs ................................................ Department of Education ............................................................................ Department of Energy ................................................................................ Department of Health and Human Services ............................................... Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................... Department of the Interior .......................................................................... Department of Justice ................................................................................. Department of Labor ................................................................................... Department of State ................................................................................... Department of Transportation ..................................................................... Department of the Treasury ........................................................................ Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................................. Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ................................................................ Other Defense Civil Programs .................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................. Executive Office of the President ............................................................... General Services Administration ................................................................ International Assistance Programs ............................................................. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................ National Science Foundation ..................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ............................................................... Small Business Administration ................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ............................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ............................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ................................................. Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ................................................. Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ............................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................... 0.2 0.2 3.5 0.2 18.8 3.5 0.7 23.1 2.6 1.6 0.3 0.9 1.6 0.5 2.3 17.5 2.6 0.3 1.7 0.3 0.2 * 0.5 0.6 0.2 2.4 * 2.0 20.1 0.5 -* -8.9 (-4.8) (-4.1) 0.2 0.2 3.1 0.2 19.4 2.4 0.7 24.6 1.4 1.7 0.4 0.9 1.7 0.5 2.3 18.0 2.7 0.1 1.7 0.3 0.1 * 0.5 0.6 0.2 2.1 * 2.0 20.8 0.5 0.2 -9.5 (-5.2) (-4.3) 0.1 0.2 3.0 0.3 19.9 2.2 0.7 23.5 1.4 1.6 0.3 0.9 2.0 0.6 2.2 18.4 2.8 0.2 1.5 0.3 * * 0.4 0.6 0.2 2.2 * 2.0 20.1 1.6 0.1 -9.3 (-5.1) (-4.3) 0.1 0.2 3.3 0.3 18.1 1.5 0.7 22.6 1.5 1.7 0.3 0.8 3.9 0.6 2.1 19.9 2.7 0.2 1.6 0.2 * * 0.4 0.5 0.2 2.1 0.1 2.2 18.4 1.4 * -7.8 (-4.0) (-3.8) 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.4 19.3 2.7 0.9 24.7 1.3 1.7 0.4 0.9 5.0 0.7 2.2 12.9 3.1 0.3 1.6 0.3 * * 0.6 0.5 0.2 2.0 0.2 2.0 19.8 -0.2 0.1 -7.7 (-3.9) (-3.9) 0.1 0.2 3.9 0.3 18.8 1.8 0.9 24.7 1.3 1.6 0.4 0.8 3.7 0.7 2.1 15.0 3.5 0.3 1.5 0.3 * 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.2 2.1 0.2 4.3 17.5 0.5 * -7.7 (-4.0) (-3.6) 0.1 0.2 4.0 0.3 18.4 1.6 0.9 24.0 1.3 1.4 0.4 0.9 3.0 0.8 2.1 13.1 3.5 0.2 2.2 0.4 * * 0.6 0.5 0.2 2.2 0.1 5.3 17.9 0.8 0.1 -6.5 (-2.9) (-3.6) 0.1 0.2 4.5 0.3 17.6 1.2 0.7 25.7 1.7 1.6 0.3 0.9 2.3 0.8 2.2 11.6 4.0 0.2 1.6 0.3 * -* 0.6 0.5 0.2 2.4 * 3.2 21.9 0.8 -0.1 -7.2 (-3.7) (-3.5) 0.1 0.2 4.0 0.2 16.5 1.7 0.7 26.7 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.8 1.6 0.8 2.2 12.7 4.3 0.2 1.6 0.3 * -* 0.5 0.5 0.2 2.5 * 2.3 23.5 0.3 -0.1 -7.0 (-3.7) (-3.3) Total outlays ................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2022—Continued Department or other unit 2015 2016 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Allowances ........................................................................................................................ Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................................................. 0.1 0.2 3.8 0.2 15.3 2.4 0.7 27.9 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.7 1.2 0.7 2.0 13.2 4.3 0.2 1.7 0.2 * -* 0.6 0.5 0.2 2.5 -* 2.4 23.2 0.4 -* .......... -7.0 (-3.9) (-3.0) 0.1 0.2 3.6 0.2 14.7 2.0 0.7 28.6 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.8 1.1 0.8 2.0 13.7 4.5 0.2 1.7 0.2 * -* 0.4 0.5 0.2 2.4 -* 2.4 22.9 0.3 -* .......... -6.3 (-3.5) (-2.8) 0.1 0.2 3.3 0.3 14.1 2.8 0.7 27.8 1.3 1.4 0.3 0.9 1.1 0.7 2.0 14.0 4.3 0.2 1.4 0.2 * -* 0.6 0.5 0.2 2.3 * 2.3 22.5 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -6.0 (-3.4) (-2.6) 0.1 0.2 3.4 0.2 15.2 1.6 0.7 27.6 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.9 14.7 4.3 0.2 1.4 0.2 * * 0.7 0.5 0.2 2.4 * 2.3 23.7 0.4 * -1.0 -6.1 (-3.5) (-2.5) 0.1 0.2 3.0 0.3 14.1 1.5 0.6 28.0 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.8 15.3 4.5 0.1 1.5 0.1 * 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 2.3 * 2.4 23.7 0.5 -0.1 -0.6 -5.4 (-3.0) (-2.4) 0.1 0.2 2.8 0.3 13.7 1.4 0.6 28.8 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.7 16.3 4.5 0.1 1.4 0.1 * * 0.4 0.4 0.2 2.4 * 2.5 24.5 0.4 -0.1 -1.9 -5.3 (-3.0) (-2.3) 0.1 0.2 2.7 0.2 13.4 1.4 0.5 29.3 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.4 1.5 17.1 4.5 0.1 1.4 0.1 * * 0.3 0.4 0.2 2.3 * 2.5 25.1 0.4 -* -3.0 -5.2 (-3.0) (-2.2) 0.1 0.2 2.5 0.2 12.9 1.3 0.5 30.2 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.4 1.3 17.5 4.7 0.1 1.5 0.1 * * 0.3 0.4 0.1 2.3 * 2.6 25.4 0.5 -* -3.8 -5.0 (-3.0) (-2.1) Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022 (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel ................................................................................................. Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................. Procurement ......................................................................................................... Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .................................................... Military Construction ............................................................................................. Family Housing ..................................................................................................... Other ..................................................................................................................... 32,912 28,731 20,991 9,451 2,360 1,229 -170 8,495 7,591 4,135 2,406 76 278 -55 34,075 32,108 27,922 10,439 2,204 1,258 -99 35,724 34,734 29,529 11,371 1,641 1,346 186 37,641 38,042 31,428 12,437 2,319 1,563 166 41,069 46,386 35,283 13,561 2,293 1,526 533 48,462 55,479 48,025 16,609 3,380 2,004 2,141 55,704 62,461 64,462 20,060 4,916 2,203 1,680 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military .......................................................... 053 Atomic energy defense activities ........................................................................ 054 Defense-related activities ................................................................................... 95,503 1,682 146 22,925 459 31 107,906 2,089 156 114,531 2,514 182 123,595 2,668 204 140,651 2,991 217 176,100 3,651 251 211,486 4,737 323 Total, National Defense .............................................................................................. 97,331 23,416 110,150 117,227 126,467 143,859 180,001 216,547 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance ................................... 152 International security assistance ........................................................................ 153 Conduct of foreign affairs ................................................................................... 154 Foreign information and exchange activities ...................................................... 155 International financial programs ......................................................................... 3,076 3,712 782 423 6,063 319 589 362 103 -1,043 3,550 3,954 1,054 400 -744 4,183 4,577 1,241 451 1,124 5,084 5,772 1,318 506 -2,298 5,264 5,066 1,343 518 5,761 4,420 5,068 1,465 555 15,844 4,474 6,863 1,688 587 4,612 Total, International Affairs .......................................................................................... 14,057 331 8,214 11,575 10,382 17,952 27,352 18,224 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research .................................................................. 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ................................................ 1,039 3,227 246 850 1,136 3,498 1,274 3,807 1,347 4,223 1,460 4,790 1,535 5,108 1,535 5,684 Total, General Science, Space, and Technology ....................................................... 4,266 1,095 4,634 5,081 5,570 6,250 6,643 7,218 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply ..................................................................................................... 272 Energy conservation ........................................................................................... 274 Emergency energy preparedness ...................................................................... 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ......................................................... 14,008 79 431 651 993 39 48 179 4,934 242 445 711 6,123 527 3,175 841 5,448 611 3,008 777 40,640 738 -2,000 943 7,165 700 2,791 1,098 7,856 168 3,875 871 Total, Energy .............................................................................................................. 15,169 1,259 6,332 10,665 9,843 40,320 11,753 12,770 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources .................................................................................................. 302 Conservation and land management ................................................................. 303 Recreational resources ....................................................................................... 304 Pollution control and abatement ......................................................................... 306 Other natural resources ...................................................................................... 3,036 714 706 684 916 1,079 137 146 168 243 3,635 1,051 1,032 2,691 1,080 3,781 1,742 1,546 5,376 1,206 3,577 1,504 1,507 5,306 1,357 4,085 1,572 1,373 4,672 1,395 4,079 1,631 986 2,982 1,494 3,913 1,154 968 3,645 1,583 Total, Natural Resources and Environment ............................................................... 6,055 1,773 9,489 13,651 13,251 13,096 11,171 11,263 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization ................................................................................... 352 Agricultural research and services ..................................................................... 3,833 927 463 234 2,601 1,028 4,977 1,161 13,294 1,335 8,894 1,333 11,864 1,473 22,571 1,505 Total, Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 4,760 697 3,629 6,139 14,630 10,227 13,336 24,075 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit ................................................................................................... 372 Postal service ..................................................................................................... 373 Deposit insurance ............................................................................................... 376 Other advancement of commerce ...................................................................... 9,737 1,708 .......... 1,082 468 934 .......... 174 5,149 2,266 .......... 1,403 5,338 1,787 -10 1,643 6,409 1,785 .......... 1,758 9,962 1,677 1,200 2,495 9,208 1,343 15 2,187 9,188 707 36 1,837 Total, Commerce and Housing Credit ....................................................................... 12,528 1,576 8,818 8,759 9,953 15,333 12,754 11,769 See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation ......................................................................................... 402 Air transportation ................................................................................................. 403 Water transportation ........................................................................................... 407 Other transportation ............................................................................................ 6,904 2,311 1,615 74 4,777 1,048 390 19 5,732 3,017 1,675 83 9,872 3,287 1,854 85 14,021 3,728 2,057 91 15,278 3,915 2,192 97 20,249 4,046 2,552 109 17,697 3,747 2,931 88 Total, Transportation .................................................................................................. 10,905 6,234 10,507 15,098 19,897 21,483 26,957 24,464 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development .................................................................................... 452 Area and regional development .......................................................................... 453 Disaster relief and insurance .............................................................................. 2,764 2,604 335 81 649 60 3,689 9,235 684 4,403 3,524 3,246 4,775 4,082 2,266 4,972 4,331 2,426 4,783 4,373 810 4,328 3,644 417 Total, Community and Regional Development .......................................................... 5,703 790 13,608 11,173 11,123 11,728 9,966 8,390 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ............................................. 502 Higher education ................................................................................................. 503 Research and general education aids ................................................................ 504 Training and employment ................................................................................... 505 Other labor services ............................................................................................ 506 Social services .................................................................................................... 4,624 3,828 748 7,264 329 5,221 2,826 185 339 839 82 1,207 5,825 3,858 1,011 13,969 383 5,446 6,146 4,523 1,140 4,802 440 5,561 7,047 5,854 1,249 11,739 522 6,684 7,404 6,775 1,170 9,623 572 6,143 6,808 8,895 1,225 9,109 606 5,693 6,341 8,012 1,173 4,386 600 5,581 Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services .................................. 22,013 5,480 30,493 22,613 33,095 31,689 32,336 26,093 550 Health: 551 Health care services ........................................................................................... 552 Health research and training .............................................................................. 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .................................................. 11,395 3,111 684 2,794 601 181 13,403 3,502 773 14,225 3,857 864 17,028 4,200 949 18,480 4,565 1,000 21,520 4,422 1,082 22,097 4,338 1,044 Total, Health ............................................................................................................... 15,190 3,576 17,678 18,945 22,177 24,045 27,024 27,479 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare ............................................................................................................. 15,785 4,280 19,416 22,826 26,657 32,237 39,148 46,562 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............ 602 Federal employee retirement and disability ....................................................... 603 Unemployment compensation ............................................................................ 604 Housing assistance ............................................................................................. 605 Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................................. 609 Other income security ......................................................................................... 3,534 16,092 15,006 19,421 7,737 12,434 1,165 4,317 2,907 111 1,966 3,217 3,717 18,349 16,036 28,632 8,875 13,515 3,723 20,577 10,749 32,305 9,017 13,027 5,326 23,215 10,848 24,789 10,566 13,592 5,446 27,340 17,927 27,941 13,775 17,915 5,557 32,007 19,748 26,934 16,576 20,206 5,537 35,146 25,153 14,612 15,785 18,259 Total, Income Security ............................................................................................... 74,224 13,684 89,124 89,398 88,335 110,344 121,028 114,492 650 Social Security: 651 Social security ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 74,535 (515) (74,019) 20,019 .......... (20,019) 85,626 (717) (84,909) 94,453 (741) (93,712) 104,994 (761) (104,233) 119,955 (677) (119,278) 141,076 (672) (140,404) 157,081 (844) (156,238) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans .............................................................................. 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ................................................. 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .............................................................. 704 Veterans housing ................................................................................................ 705 Other veterans benefits and services ................................................................. 8,704 5,981 4,436 15 528 2,154 1,153 1,092 3 125 9,467 3,956 5,074 14 542 10,146 2,607 5,638 14 618 11,224 2,474 6,112 23 649 11,783 2,342 6,409 19 641 13,222 2,323 6,919 16 671 14,522 1,934 7,802 17 687 Total, Veterans Benefits and Services ....................................................................... 19,664 4,527 19,053 19,023 20,481 21,194 23,150 24,963 See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities ..................................................................... 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ............................................................... 753 Federal correctional activities ............................................................................. 754 Criminal justice assistance ................................................................................. 1,668 726 208 810 438 187 55 205 1,789 863 297 758 2,008 1,029 308 654 2,189 1,190 339 656 2,342 1,370 320 498 2,561 1,484 352 169 2,801 1,530 423 140 Total, Administration of Justice .................................................................................. 3,411 884 3,706 3,999 4,374 4,530 4,566 4,894 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions ........................................................................................... 802 Executive direction and management ................................................................ 803 Central fiscal operations ..................................................................................... 804 General property and records management ...................................................... 805 Central personnel management ......................................................................... 806 General purpose fiscal assistance ..................................................................... 808 Other general government .................................................................................. 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ....................................................................... 780 71 1,768 316 99 9,751 470 -322 188 18 462 58 25 3,470 177 -150 878 83 1,912 350 109 9,342 531 -256 913 79 2,118 181 126 10,454 618 -289 932 84 2,375 344 133 8,282 493 -198 1,111 102 2,667 293 145 8,664 592 -351 1,036 108 2,809 409 162 6,249 763 -222 1,175 95 2,928 251 141 6,389 542 -216 Total, General Government ....................................................................................... 12,932 4,248 12,948 14,200 12,445 13,226 11,313 11,305 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ....................................................... 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ......................................................... 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ......................................................... 908 Other interest ...................................................................................................... 37,076 -4,988 -2,812 -2,547 8,104 -177 -93 -887 41,915 -5,488 -2,650 -3,875 48,712 -6,128 -2,403 -4,723 59,855 -7,727 -2,224 -7,273 74,803 -9,707 -2,339 -10,220 95,535 -11,523 -2,288 -12,958 117,227 -13,995 -2,071 -16,130 Total, Net Interest ....................................................................................................... 26,729 6,948 29,901 35,459 42,630 52,538 68,767 85,032 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (29,541) (-2,812) (7,040) (-93) (32,551) (-2,650) (37,861) (-2,403) (44,855) (-2,224) (54,877) (-2,339) (71,055) (-2,288) (87,102) (-2,071) 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ............................................ 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ............................................ 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ........................................... -10,761 -963 -2,662 -2,646 -249 -1,311 -11,528 -977 -2,374 -12,401 -1,060 -2,259 -13,095 -1,114 -3,267 -14,638 -1,204 -4,101 -16,473 -1,430 -10,138 -18,203 -1,646 -6,250 Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts .................................................................... -14,386 -4,206 -14,879 -15,720 -17,476 -19,942 -28,041 -26,099 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (-13,423) (-963) (-3,957) (-249) (-13,902) (-977) (-14,660) (-1,060) (-16,362) (-1,114) (-18,738) (-1,204) (-26,611) (-1,430) (-24,453) (-1,646) Total budget authority .................................................................................................. 420,870 96,610 468,450 504,565 558,829 670,062 740,300 806,522 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (350,626) (70,244) (76,933) (19,677) (387,168) (81,282) (414,316) (90,250) (457,934) (100,895) (554,327) (115,735) (603,614) (136,686) (654,001) (152,521) See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel ................................................................................................. Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................. Procurement ......................................................................................................... Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .................................................... Military Construction ............................................................................................. Family Housing ..................................................................................................... Other ..................................................................................................................... 61,050 66,500 80,355 22,794 4,512 2,712 912 64,866 70,912 86,161 26,864 4,510 2,669 2,127 67,773 77,800 96,841 31,323 5,517 2,890 4,645 67,794 74,883 92,506 33,605 5,281 2,803 4,525 74,010 79,566 80,231 35,639 5,093 3,075 1,802 76,584 81,589 80,053 36,517 5,349 3,199 418 78,477 86,179 79,390 37,526 5,738 3,276 200 78,876 88,361 81,375 36,455 5,130 3,143 -403 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military .......................................................... 053 Atomic energy defense activities ........................................................................ 054 Defense-related activities ................................................................................... 238,834 5,718 491 258,108 6,555 494 286,789 7,325 537 281,398 7,287 460 279,417 7,478 529 283,710 7,749 548 290,785 8,100 677 292,936 9,656 661 Total, National Defense .............................................................................................. 245,043 265,157 294,651 289,144 287,424 292,007 299,563 303,253 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance ................................... 152 International security assistance ........................................................................ 153 Conduct of foreign affairs ................................................................................... 154 Foreign information and exchange activities ...................................................... 155 International financial programs ......................................................................... 4,711 8,142 1,830 688 -4,632 5,069 8,943 2,011 805 7,718 6,496 13,730 2,496 947 2,776 4,759 9,543 2,988 969 -1,607 4,902 8,213 2,580 1,029 1,997 5,022 8,598 2,628 1,054 -123 5,295 7,666 2,773 1,126 390 5,695 8,393 2,928 1,315 473 Total, International Affairs .......................................................................................... 10,739 24,547 26,446 16,652 18,721 17,179 17,250 18,805 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research .................................................................. 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ................................................ 1,637 6,517 1,957 6,858 2,223 6,925 2,107 7,165 2,324 10,198 2,521 8,322 2,835 10,097 3,167 11,460 Total, General Science, Space, and Technology ....................................................... 8,155 8,815 9,148 9,272 12,522 10,843 12,932 14,627 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply ..................................................................................................... 272 Energy conservation ........................................................................................... 274 Emergency energy preparedness ...................................................................... 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ......................................................... 7,046 449 2,316 871 5,348 455 1,268 780 5,511 472 2,056 642 4,745 426 113 717 2,280 234 153 721 3,807 310 609 620 2,789 314 422 537 3,394 366 571 595 Total, Energy .............................................................................................................. 10,683 7,851 8,681 6,002 3,388 5,347 4,061 4,925 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources .................................................................................................. 302 Conservation and land management ................................................................. 303 Recreational resources ....................................................................................... 304 Pollution control and abatement ......................................................................... 306 Other natural resources ...................................................................................... 4,608 2,199 1,265 3,677 1,547 3,781 1,749 1,086 4,037 1,622 4,087 1,852 1,156 4,303 1,934 3,678 1,776 1,099 3,399 1,761 4,107 2,152 1,245 5,296 1,770 4,295 3,062 1,229 4,932 1,852 4,312 4,178 1,409 5,068 2,005 4,332 4,362 1,804 5,545 2,077 Total, Natural Resources and Environment ............................................................... 13,297 12,276 13,332 11,713 14,570 15,370 16,973 18,121 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization ................................................................................... 352 Agricultural research and services ..................................................................... 33,440 1,607 9,895 1,753 25,512 1,818 28,015 1,741 23,344 1,910 16,267 1,973 18,878 2,006 12,144 2,117 Total, Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 35,048 11,648 27,330 29,756 25,254 18,241 20,884 14,261 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit ................................................................................................... 372 Postal service ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 373 Deposit insurance ............................................................................................... 376 Other advancement of commerce ...................................................................... 7,227 989 (789) (200) .......... 1,955 8,349 1,798 (879) (919) 1,081 2,078 6,881 2,639 (1,209) (1,430) 200 2,496 3,666 2,504 (716) (1,788) 3,000 1,958 3,449 2,944 (650) (2,294) 2,699 2,045 8,361 1,458 (517) (941) 10,835 2,411 6,614 2,046 (436) (1,610) 51,020 2,745 9,847 3,573 (490) (3,083) 45,624 3,946 Total, Commerce and Housing Credit ....................................................................... 10,171 13,306 12,217 11,129 11,137 23,066 62,425 62,989 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (9,971) (200) (12,387) (919) (10,787) (1,430) (9,340) (1,788) (8,843) (2,294) (22,124) (941) (60,815) (1,610) (59,906) (3,083) See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation ......................................................................................... 402 Air transportation ................................................................................................. 403 Water transportation ........................................................................................... 407 Other transportation ............................................................................................ 19,208 4,850 2,912 110 20,685 5,266 3,244 114 20,318 6,011 3,105 126 19,349 5,484 3,915 111 18,244 5,518 3,120 115 18,267 6,906 2,861 107 18,605 7,494 3,112 132 19,369 8,260 3,168 143 Total, Transportation .................................................................................................. 27,080 29,309 29,559 28,859 26,996 28,141 29,342 30,940 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development .................................................................................... 452 Area and regional development .......................................................................... 453 Disaster relief and insurance .............................................................................. 5,398 4,104 480 4,818 3,824 257 4,262 3,660 239 3,725 2,684 475 3,818 2,620 210 3,546 5,080 205 3,061 3,512 1,308 4,060 4,033 1,725 Total, Community and Regional Development .......................................................... 9,983 8,899 8,162 6,884 6,647 8,830 7,881 9,817 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ............................................. 502 Higher education ................................................................................................. 503 Research and general education aids ................................................................ 504 Training and employment ................................................................................... 505 Other labor services ............................................................................................ 506 Social services .................................................................................................... 6,816 7,364 1,259 5,515 640 6,009 7,207 6,900 1,244 8,688 685 6,228 7,926 9,705 1,337 5,422 716 6,492 7,644 8,723 1,289 4,875 679 6,322 8,965 9,001 1,413 5,226 730 6,849 9,502 8,932 1,470 5,327 778 8,224 10,125 10,934 1,547 5,392 802 8,396 11,293 11,311 1,628 6,093 817 8,349 Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services .................................. 27,602 30,952 31,597 29,533 32,183 34,233 37,195 39,491 550 Health: 551 Health care services ........................................................................................... 552 Health research and training .............................................................................. 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .................................................. 19,228 4,743 1,083 25,240 5,233 1,156 26,454 5,950 1,196 29,416 6,057 1,157 32,880 7,187 1,250 36,749 7,565 1,313 42,011 8,277 1,397 50,425 8,972 1,503 Total, Health ............................................................................................................... 25,053 31,629 33,600 36,631 41,317 45,627 51,684 60,901 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare ............................................................................................................. 52,591 57,835 65,579 71,202 75,105 78,806 85,395 105,882 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............ 602 Federal employee retirement and disability ....................................................... 603 Unemployment compensation ............................................................................ 604 Housing assistance ............................................................................................. 605 Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................................. 609 Other income security ......................................................................................... 5,520 37,578 30,576 10,502 18,204 21,561 5,334 38,898 20,669 12,675 18,285 22,274 5,473 40,881 16,372 26,882 18,712 23,269 5,711 42,865 17,030 11,646 18,853 24,931 5,373 44,545 16,980 9,868 19,618 26,147 5,681 47,936 15,217 9,700 20,700 29,263 5,760 50,667 15,761 9,570 21,432 31,128 5,672 53,631 18,960 11,263 25,223 32,523 Total, Income Security ............................................................................................... 123,941 118,134 131,589 121,037 122,531 128,498 134,318 147,273 650 Social Security: 651 Social security ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 171,737 (20,753) (150,984) 178,793 (7,083) (171,710) 193,176 (8,527) (184,648) 196,642 (4,861) (191,782) 208,392 (4,930) (203,461) 221,137 (4,852) (216,285) 233,501 (5,069) (228,432) 250,641 (3,766) (246,875) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans .............................................................................. 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ................................................. 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .............................................................. 704 Veterans housing ................................................................................................ 705 Other veterans benefits and services ................................................................. 14,229 1,640 8,816 -63 721 14,896 1,556 9,078 214 738 15,104 1,036 10,005 322 779 15,378 575 9,964 214 744 15,408 362 10,481 114 803 15,865 366 10,836 1,497 798 16,403 303 11,523 792 842 16,680 219 12,168 561 872 Total, Veterans Benefits and Services ....................................................................... 25,341 26,483 27,246 26,875 27,169 29,362 29,863 30,499 See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities ..................................................................... 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ............................................................... 753 Federal correctional activities ............................................................................. 754 Criminal justice assistance ................................................................................. 3,212 1,702 468 137 3,590 1,905 495 215 3,879 2,204 599 220 3,897 2,190 595 265 4,908 2,680 867 502 5,319 2,926 1,059 316 4,965 3,288 1,553 424 5,398 3,827 2,578 774 Total, Administration of Justice .................................................................................. 5,518 6,205 6,902 6,946 8,957 9,620 10,230 12,577 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions ........................................................................................... 802 Executive direction and management ................................................................ 803 Central fiscal operations ..................................................................................... 804 General property and records management ...................................................... 805 Central personnel management ......................................................................... 806 General purpose fiscal assistance ..................................................................... 808 Other general government .................................................................................. 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ....................................................................... 1,418 103 3,395 450 142 6,361 793 -636 1,443 111 3,621 303 148 6,795 489 -513 1,358 118 3,854 400 149 6,322 561 -506 1,412 110 4,032 418 136 5,847 757 -78 1,572 120 4,761 225 141 1,369 981 -623 1,602 128 5,159 63 145 1,963 1,803 -694 1,785 137 6,021 422 151 2,043 812 -893 1,811 296 6,032 2,249 161 2,033 719 -361 Total, General Government ....................................................................................... 12,026 12,399 12,258 12,634 8,546 10,170 10,479 12,940 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ....................................................... 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ......................................................... 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ......................................................... 908 Other interest ...................................................................................................... 128,653 -15,257 -1,845 -21,742 153,866 -17,044 -3,310 -22,410 178,871 -21,838 -4,118 -23,437 190,272 -26,628 -4,329 -23,285 195,242 -29,614 -5,290 -21,732 214,047 -34,406 -7,416 -20,426 240,845 -40,467 -11,395 -19,857 264,691 -46,321 -15,991 -17,542 Total, Net Interest ....................................................................................................... 89,808 111,102 129,479 136,030 138,606 151,799 169,127 184,837 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (91,653) (-1,845) (114,412) (-3,310) (133,597) (-4,118) (140,359) (-4,329) (143,897) (-5,290) (159,215) (-7,416) (180,522) (-11,395) (200,828) (-15,991) 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ............................................ 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ............................................ 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ........................................... 954 Sale of major assets ........................................................................................... -21,706 -1,778 -10,491 .......... -23,219 -2,044 -6,694 .......... -24,648 -2,509 -5,542 .......... -25,434 -2,857 -4,716 .......... -27,259 -3,300 -4,021 -1,875 -29,037 -4,382 -3,548 .......... -29,425 -4,858 -2,929 .......... -28,044 -5,567 -3,004 .......... Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts .................................................................... -33,976 -31,957 -32,698 -33,007 -36,455 -36,967 -37,212 -36,615 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (-32,198) (-1,778) (-29,913) (-2,044) (-30,189) (-2,509) (-30,150) (-2,857) (-33,155) (-3,300) (-32,585) (-4,382) (-32,354) (-4,858) (-31,048) (-5,567) 1,195,894 1,286,164 Total budget authority .................................................................................................. 869,841 923,384 1,028,252 1,013,934 1,033,008 1,091,310 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (722,279) (147,562) (756,109) (167,275) (848,801) (179,452) (827,551) (186,384) (835,843) (197,165) (885,881) (205,429) See footnotes at end of table. (982,104) (1,057,765) (213,790) (228,399) Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel ................................................................................................. Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................. Procurement ......................................................................................................... Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .................................................... Military Construction ............................................................................................. Family Housing ..................................................................................................... Other ..................................................................................................................... 84,213 117,176 71,739 36,189 5,188 3,296 -41,663 81,221 93,668 62,952 36,619 5,254 3,738 -1,382 75,974 89,100 52,787 37,761 4,554 3,941 3,010 71,365 88,577 44,141 34,563 6,009 3,501 3,138 71,557 93,690 43,646 34,517 5,428 3,392 3,428 69,776 93,609 42,589 34,968 6,891 4,259 2,433 70,341 92,298 42,961 36,400 5,718 4,132 6,094 69,822 97,150 44,818 37,086 5,463 3,829 82 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military .......................................................... 053 Atomic energy defense activities ........................................................................ 054 Defense-related activities ................................................................................... 276,140 11,571 1,161 282,070 11,972 1,023 267,126 12,051 1,897 251,294 10,890 1,135 255,658 10,098 630 254,525 10,690 966 257,944 11,348 1,071 258,250 11,697 1,089 Total, National Defense .............................................................................................. 288,872 295,066 281,075 263,319 266,386 266,181 270,363 271,036 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance ................................... 152 International security assistance ........................................................................ 153 Conduct of foreign affairs ................................................................................... 154 Foreign information and exchange activities ...................................................... 155 International financial programs ......................................................................... 6,777 9,061 3,236 1,242 2,369 6,654 6,682 4,048 1,302 2,523 6,989 5,491 4,300 1,247 14,275 7,698 4,531 4,617 1,494 -647 7,660 4,626 4,060 1,420 7,855 6,084 5,038 3,825 1,130 310 5,954 5,159 3,890 1,117 -1,549 7,174 5,372 3,842 1,223 -2,897 Total, International Affairs .......................................................................................... 22,685 21,209 32,303 17,693 25,621 16,387 14,571 14,714 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research .................................................................. 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ................................................ 3,454 13,046 4,105 13,199 4,149 13,063 4,558 13,022 4,132 12,543 4,121 12,570 4,184 12,456 5,627 12,321 Total, General Science, Space, and Technology ....................................................... 16,500 17,304 17,212 17,580 16,675 16,691 16,640 17,948 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply ..................................................................................................... 272 Energy conservation ........................................................................................... 274 Emergency energy preparedness ...................................................................... 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ......................................................... 4,220 461 336 369 4,789 511 282 513 7,404 561 60 240 3,386 669 216 454 3,757 715 144 411 1,777 533 .......... 330 978 533 -11 195 -739 584 208 243 Total, Energy .............................................................................................................. 5,386 6,095 8,264 4,725 5,027 2,640 1,695 296 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources .................................................................................................. 302 Conservation and land management ................................................................. 303 Recreational resources ....................................................................................... 304 Pollution control and abatement ......................................................................... 306 Other natural resources ...................................................................................... 4,370 4,593 1,794 6,151 2,309 4,768 5,411 1,921 6,595 2,571 4,801 5,535 1,835 6,908 2,542 5,253 5,860 1,949 6,584 2,933 4,128 5,975 1,964 5,874 2,978 4,172 5,980 2,095 6,431 2,814 5,157 6,079 2,238 6,627 2,822 5,053 6,259 2,955 7,192 2,885 Total, Natural Resources and Environment ............................................................... 19,216 21,266 21,621 22,578 20,919 21,492 22,923 24,344 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization ................................................................................... 352 Agricultural research and services ..................................................................... 14,564 2,379 19,486 2,607 16,299 2,540 14,145 2,666 5,779 2,650 6,893 2,602 8,584 2,724 9,842 2,740 Total, Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 16,943 22,093 18,838 16,811 8,429 9,495 11,308 12,582 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit ................................................................................................... 372 Postal service ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 373 Deposit insurance ............................................................................................... 376 Other advancement of commerce ...................................................................... 7,816 3,812 (511) (3,301) 72,789 2,926 4,514 2,709 (511) (2,198) 36,961 3,412 2,302 2,400 (161) (2,239) 2,462 3,615 1,486 2,863 (130) (2,732) 19,520 3,465 1,350 2,684 (130) (2,554) 859 3,535 1,017 3,563 (122) (3,441) 11 3,471 148 3,851 (126) (3,725) -25 4,083 -1,465 6,445 (86) (6,359) -33 9,376 Total, Commerce and Housing Credit ....................................................................... 87,342 47,595 10,779 27,334 8,428 8,062 8,057 14,323 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (84,041) (3,301) (45,397) (2,198) (8,539) (2,239) (24,601) (2,732) (5,874) (2,554) (4,621) (3,441) (4,332) (3,725) (7,964) (6,359) See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation ......................................................................................... 402 Air transportation ................................................................................................. 403 Water transportation ........................................................................................... 407 Other transportation ............................................................................................ 19,096 8,932 3,122 251 23,290 10,043 3,320 277 26,446 10,396 3,287 299 28,081 11,439 3,604 321 27,112 8,185 3,684 319 23,346 9,576 3,379 312 27,402 9,827 3,499 344 31,099 10,394 3,637 207 Total, Transportation .................................................................................................. 31,401 36,929 40,428 43,445 39,300 36,613 41,072 45,337 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development .................................................................................... 452 Area and regional development .......................................................................... 453 Disaster relief and insurance .............................................................................. 3,694 4,061 -2 3,788 3,284 5,218 4,848 2,919 2,383 5,461 3,219 6,910 5,193 3,301 4,501 5,083 2,767 4,688 5,187 2,920 5,458 5,492 2,575 2,557 Total, Community and Regional Development .......................................................... 7,753 12,290 10,150 15,591 12,995 12,538 13,565 10,624 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ............................................. 502 Higher education ................................................................................................. 503 Research and general education aids ................................................................ 504 Training and employment ................................................................................... 505 Other labor services ............................................................................................ 506 Social services .................................................................................................... 13,130 12,374 1,916 6,771 808 9,143 14,230 12,166 2,083 7,252 894 9,420 14,214 14,750 2,132 7,347 933 10,457 14,782 9,595 2,188 7,981 957 13,147 15,224 14,438 2,281 7,093 993 11,985 13,697 12,725 2,118 6,911 957 11,269 17,044 13,521 2,350 7,620 1,007 12,073 18,794 13,829 2,244 8,382 1,041 12,387 Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services .................................. 44,141 46,045 49,834 48,651 52,014 47,677 53,615 56,677 550 Health: 551 Health care services ........................................................................................... 552 Health research and training .............................................................................. 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .................................................. 63,879 9,863 1,646 80,086 10,693 1,764 95,637 11,148 1,817 102,938 11,599 1,935 103,099 11,887 1,981 95,446 12,434 1,976 114,741 13,392 2,040 118,709 14,270 2,112 Total, Health ............................................................................................................... 75,387 92,543 108,602 116,472 116,967 109,856 130,173 135,091 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare ............................................................................................................. 103,208 133,598 124,757 162,677 156,540 179,652 189,999 193,667 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............ 602 Federal employee retirement and disability ....................................................... 603 Unemployment compensation ............................................................................ 604 Housing assistance ............................................................................................. 605 Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................................. 609 Other income security ......................................................................................... 5,911 57,150 27,179 19,779 29,605 41,547 5,989 58,351 39,534 19,790 33,624 46,232 5,678 61,675 38,164 21,245 39,181 52,078 6,244 64,062 28,696 21,214 40,085 60,732 5,540 67,309 23,750 15,436 40,818 66,224 6,185 69,754 24,964 16,545 40,434 68,604 5,950 72,743 22,968 11,877 41,019 77,522 5,841 75,233 22,130 17,643 37,840 77,370 Total, Income Security ............................................................................................... 181,172 203,521 218,023 221,033 219,077 226,486 232,079 236,057 650 Social Security: 651 Social security ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 271,253 (2,722) (268,531) 289,532 (6,167) (283,365) 306,337 (6,248) (300,089) 321,138 (5,687) (315,450) 333,287 (5,479) (327,808) 352,131 (5,816) (346,315) 366,050 (6,895) (359,155) 380,464 (9,142) (371,322) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans .............................................................................. 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ................................................. 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .............................................................. 704 Veterans housing ................................................................................................ 705 Other veterans benefits and services ................................................................. 17,509 790 13,194 744 983 17,433 563 14,256 831 994 18,146 638 15,235 1,196 963 18,622 991 16,187 203 980 18,851 1,047 16,555 628 1,050 19,730 972 16,812 226 994 20,688 1,135 17,375 -276 984 21,544 1,125 17,959 1,161 963 Total, Veterans Benefits and Services ....................................................................... 33,221 34,076 36,178 36,983 38,131 38,734 39,906 42,752 See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities ..................................................................... 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ............................................................... 753 Federal correctional activities ............................................................................. 754 Criminal justice assistance ................................................................................. 6,169 4,614 1,728 853 6,919 5,130 2,101 872 6,989 5,486 1,937 1,006 7,021 5,884 2,222 905 7,785 6,099 2,557 2,638 8,286 6,060 2,881 4,198 9,748 6,528 3,183 4,796 11,206 6,772 3,097 5,354 Total, Administration of Justice .................................................................................. 13,364 15,021 15,419 16,031 19,079 21,425 24,255 26,429 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions ........................................................................................... 802 Executive direction and management ................................................................ 803 Central fiscal operations ..................................................................................... 804 General property and records management ...................................................... 805 Central personnel management ......................................................................... 806 General purpose fiscal assistance ..................................................................... 808 Other general government .................................................................................. 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ....................................................................... 2,021 188 6,288 2,024 171 2,138 1,451 -718 2,137 212 7,037 432 179 1,893 1,694 -480 2,108 254 7,295 681 186 1,919 1,472 -739 2,106 210 7,707 719 185 2,213 924 -2,087 2,172 199 7,751 270 177 1,908 1,685 -1,077 1,926 206 7,640 275 154 2,073 837 -1,694 2,006 227 7,426 578 150 2,192 1,412 -1,497 2,073 437 10,873 34 149 2,192 980 -855 Total, General Government ....................................................................................... 13,563 13,102 13,177 11,977 13,085 11,417 12,494 15,883 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ....................................................... 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ......................................................... 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ......................................................... 908 Other interest ...................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 909 Other investment income .................................................................................... 285,421 -50,426 -20,222 -20,757 (-20,757) .......... .......... 292,294 -54,193 -23,637 -15,084 (-15,084) .......... .......... 292,479 -55,537 -26,788 -11,431 (-11,431) .......... .......... 296,253 -56,494 -29,203 -7,618 (-7,618) .......... .......... 332,379 -59,871 -33,305 -7,055 (-7,055) .......... .......... 343,918 -60,869 -36,507 -5,488 (-5,488) .......... .......... 355,764 -63,776 -41,214 -6,788 (-6,788) .......... .......... 363,759 -67,208 -46,629 -8,799 (-8,798) (-1) -1 Total, Net Interest ....................................................................................................... 194,016 199,380 198,724 202,937 232,148 241,054 243,986 241,122 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (214,238) (-20,222) (223,017) (-23,637) (225,512) (-26,788) (232,141) (-29,203) (265,453) (-33,305) (277,561) (-36,507) (285,200) (-41,214) (287,752) (-46,630) 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ............................................ 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ............................................ 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ........................................... 954 Sale of major assets ........................................................................................... 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................ -30,402 -5,804 -3,150 .......... .......... -30,680 -6,101 -2,498 .......... .......... -28,186 -6,416 -2,785 .......... .......... -28,361 -6,409 -3,001 .......... .......... -27,961 -6,432 -2,418 .......... -7,644 -27,259 -6,278 -3,741 .......... -342 -27,773 -6,483 -4,711 .......... -11,006 -27,820 -7,052 -4,522 -5,158 -2,642 Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts .................................................................... -39,356 -39,280 -37,386 -37,772 -44,455 -37,620 -49,973 -47,194 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (-33,553) (-5,804) (-33,179) (-6,101) (-30,970) (-6,416) (-31,362) (-6,409) (-38,023) (-6,432) (-31,342) (-6,278) (-43,490) (-6,483) (-40,142) (-7,052) 1,386,065 1,467,388 1,474,333 1,529,205 1,539,653 1,580,911 1,642,778 1,692,152 Total budget authority .................................................................................................. (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. (1,140,259) (1,211,564) (1,205,208) (1,246,635) (1,249,028) (1,273,940) (1,327,595) (1,368,153) (245,806) (255,824) (269,125) (282,570) (290,625) (306,971) (315,183) (323,999) Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel ................................................................................................. Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................. Procurement ......................................................................................................... Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .................................................... Military Construction ............................................................................................. Family Housing ..................................................................................................... Other ..................................................................................................................... 70,649 104,911 51,113 38,286 5,406 3,591 4,448 73,838 108,724 54,972 38,704 5,107 3,544 5,419 76,889 125,187 62,608 41,591 5,424 3,682 3,270 86,956 133,212 62,739 48,713 6,631 4,048 2,579 109,060 178,318 78,495 58,103 6,706 4,181 2,817 116,112 189,759 83,073 64,643 6,135 3,827 7,370 121,279 179,210 96,613 68,826 7,260 4,101 6,557 128,485 213,534 105,370 72,855 9,530 4,427 -1,299 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military .......................................................... 053 Atomic energy defense activities ........................................................................ 054 Defense-related activities ................................................................................... 278,404 12,440 1,392 290,308 12,420 1,276 318,651 14,298 1,756 344,878 15,225 1,904 437,680 16,339 1,964 470,919 16,802 2,805 483,846 17,865 4,029 532,902 17,433 5,931 Total, National Defense .............................................................................................. 292,236 304,004 334,705 362,007 455,983 490,526 505,740 556,266 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance ................................... 152 International security assistance ........................................................................ 153 Conduct of foreign affairs ................................................................................... 154 Foreign information and exchange activities ...................................................... 155 International financial programs ......................................................................... 8,974 5,869 5,889 1,209 15,930 6,739 7,763 5,614 770 1,756 8,124 6,659 6,411 898 -1,930 7,712 6,927 7,213 969 2,287 15,108 10,058 7,208 1,006 -1,691 30,495 7,680 8,437 999 -2,476 13,449 8,502 9,703 1,087 106 14,533 9,067 9,827 1,261 -1,976 Total, International Affairs .......................................................................................... 37,871 22,642 20,162 25,108 31,689 45,135 32,847 32,712 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research .................................................................. 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ................................................ 6,356 12,460 6,707 12,541 7,662 13,327 8,077 13,901 8,626 14,386 9,046 14,321 9,086 15,243 9,260 15,765 Total, General Science, Space, and Technology ....................................................... 18,816 19,248 20,989 21,978 23,012 23,367 24,329 25,025 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply ..................................................................................................... 272 Energy conservation ........................................................................................... 274 Emergency energy preparedness ...................................................................... 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ......................................................... -36 619 160 236 -2,302 737 158 222 -1,100 807 149 261 -958 896 179 282 -732 881 180 245 1,864 868 176 295 -98 859 175 373 -948 781 155 316 Total, Energy .............................................................................................................. 979 -1,185 117 399 574 3,203 1,309 304 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources .................................................................................................. 302 Conservation and land management ................................................................. 303 Recreational resources ....................................................................................... 304 Pollution control and abatement ......................................................................... 306 Other natural resources ...................................................................................... 4,710 6,485 2,472 7,422 3,314 4,800 6,604 2,719 7,483 3,397 5,362 8,858 2,930 7,740 4,067 5,883 9,797 3,022 7,995 4,401 5,653 10,638 2,903 8,072 4,505 5,632 10,846 2,969 8,545 4,853 7,003 9,727 3,009 8,103 5,158 13,309 8,585 3,010 7,777 5,382 Total, Natural Resources and Environment ............................................................... 24,403 25,003 28,957 31,098 31,771 32,845 33,000 38,063 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization ................................................................................... 352 Agricultural research and services ..................................................................... 21,026 2,907 30,224 3,304 24,988 3,898 19,494 4,064 20,026 4,611 28,426 4,303 24,631 4,604 20,887 4,737 Total, Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 23,933 33,528 28,886 23,558 24,637 32,729 29,235 25,624 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit ................................................................................................... 372 Postal service ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 373 Deposit insurance ............................................................................................... 376 Other advancement of commerce ...................................................................... 792 5,636 (29) (5,607) 1 7,916 1,000 3,812 (100) (3,712) .......... 10,617 1,937 4,332 (268) (4,064) -125 6,194 -384 3,754 (683) (3,071) -4 7,874 -286 5,462 (76) (5,386) -60 9,731 17 2,117 (60) (2,057) 1 12,000 -490 1,573 (568) (1,005) 423 12,721 207 3,797 (104) (3,693) 401 9,896 Total, Commerce and Housing Credit ....................................................................... 14,345 15,429 12,338 11,240 14,847 14,135 14,227 14,301 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (8,738) (5,607) (11,717) (3,712) (8,274) (4,064) (8,169) (3,071) (9,461) (5,386) (12,078) (2,057) (13,222) (1,005) (10,608) (3,693) See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation ......................................................................................... 402 Air transportation ................................................................................................. 403 Water transportation ........................................................................................... 407 Other transportation ............................................................................................ 35,856 11,368 4,139 222 38,609 12,006 4,527 233 44,011 18,543 4,560 240 45,863 17,304 5,444 238 40,333 21,478 6,624 295 45,229 18,330 7,200 301 49,507 18,971 7,384 373 49,625 18,105 7,608 353 Total, Transportation .................................................................................................. 51,585 55,375 67,354 68,849 68,730 71,060 76,235 75,691 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development .................................................................................... 452 Area and regional development .......................................................................... 453 Disaster relief and insurance .............................................................................. 5,486 2,705 3,097 5,395 2,836 3,028 6,553 3,314 4,658 8,066 3,458 11,497 5,718 2,956 8,025 5,780 2,535 9,821 5,724 2,636 76,135 21,641 2,474 6,985 Total, Community and Regional Development .......................................................... 11,288 11,259 14,525 23,021 16,699 18,136 84,495 31,100 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ............................................. 502 Higher education ................................................................................................. 503 Research and general education aids ................................................................ 504 Training and employment ................................................................................... 505 Other labor services ............................................................................................ 506 Social services .................................................................................................... 16,859 13,679 2,602 8,732 1,128 12,491 17,136 11,877 2,645 4,862 1,242 11,715 26,037 10,472 3,106 7,797 1,441 14,656 32,927 19,543 2,852 7,623 1,531 15,406 36,396 23,573 2,962 7,385 1,587 15,749 38,254 25,602 3,085 7,255 1,610 16,210 38,845 32,294 3,213 7,432 1,634 16,560 39,688 57,011 3,178 7,210 1,636 17,079 Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services .................................. 55,491 49,477 63,509 79,882 87,652 92,016 99,978 125,802 550 Health: 551 Health care services ........................................................................................... 552 Health research and training .............................................................................. 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .................................................. 123,638 16,305 2,230 140,537 18,563 2,370 157,657 21,488 2,531 178,787 24,377 2,866 200,807 28,052 2,793 219,528 28,932 2,941 219,113 29,562 3,071 262,668 29,343 3,154 Total, Health ............................................................................................................... 142,173 161,470 181,676 206,030 231,652 251,401 251,746 295,165 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare ............................................................................................................. 190,625 200,588 217,096 234,428 249,947 271,656 303,410 365,371 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............ 602 Federal employee retirement and disability ....................................................... 603 Unemployment compensation ............................................................................ 604 Housing assistance ............................................................................................. 605 Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................................. 609 Other income security ......................................................................................... 2,573 76,783 23,725 20,593 35,552 84,417 6,128 79,010 23,023 18,351 35,925 87,324 6,869 82,531 32,694 25,357 35,030 91,025 6,738 85,180 53,551 27,192 38,880 98,367 6,449 86,830 57,464 28,986 43,349 106,602 6,480 90,556 45,596 29,804 48,582 113,350 5,303 95,116 35,150 30,120 53,428 129,923 7,229 100,764 33,791 31,489 60,249 117,572 Total, Income Security ............................................................................................... 243,643 249,761 273,506 309,908 329,680 334,368 349,040 351,094 650 Social Security: 651 Social security ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 391,098 (10,830) (380,268) 412,032 (13,262) (398,770) 440,370 (11,700) (428,670) 461,930 (13,978) (447,952) 476,571 (13,291) (463,280) 496,047 (14,348) (481,699) 531,657 (16,527) (515,130) 552,225 (16,066) (536,159) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans .............................................................................. 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ................................................. 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .............................................................. 704 Veterans housing ................................................................................................ 705 Other veterans benefits and services ................................................................. 22,965 938 18,032 1,107 1,058 22,677 1,255 19,584 796 1,108 24,469 1,608 20,931 -901 1,406 27,153 1,938 22,327 -878 1,500 30,053 2,040 24,754 520 1,666 30,925 2,412 27,453 -1,944 1,601 33,464 2,653 30,400 892 1,792 34,992 2,997 31,242 -1,218 2,958 Total, Veterans Benefits and Services ....................................................................... 44,100 45,420 47,513 52,040 59,033 60,447 69,201 70,971 See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities ..................................................................... 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ............................................................... 753 Federal correctional activities ............................................................................. 754 Criminal justice assistance ................................................................................. 11,895 7,445 3,299 5,423 12,161 7,844 3,667 3,752 13,763 8,493 4,303 5,351 17,219 9,280 4,614 5,943 18,108 9,979 4,441 7,076 19,725 10,366 4,768 10,814 20,561 11,087 4,776 4,150 21,826 12,076 4,931 3,836 Total, Administration of Justice .................................................................................. 28,062 27,424 31,910 37,056 39,604 45,673 40,574 42,669 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions ........................................................................................... 802 Executive direction and management ................................................................ 803 Central fiscal operations ..................................................................................... 804 General property and records management ...................................................... 805 Central personnel management ......................................................................... 806 General purpose fiscal assistance ..................................................................... 808 Other general government .................................................................................. 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ....................................................................... 2,345 491 9,739 528 154 2,033 2,294 -884 2,240 448 8,466 -70 161 2,058 2,105 -2,383 2,725 583 9,330 501 170 2,473 2,077 -1,754 2,927 565 9,827 530 180 2,555 2,153 -812 3,149 537 11,692 913 212 7,676 2,774 -1,745 3,173 569 9,903 810 207 7,702 2,495 -1,068 3,280 620 10,171 625 237 3,419 1,357 -2,841 3,438 530 10,675 1,097 210 3,930 1,141 -1,359 Total, General Government ....................................................................................... 16,700 13,025 16,105 17,925 25,208 23,791 16,868 19,662 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ....................................................... 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ......................................................... 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ......................................................... 908 Other interest ...................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 909 Other investment income .................................................................................... 353,463 -66,520 -52,070 -5,115 (-5,114) (-1) -1 361,925 -69,290 -59,796 -9,886 (-9,886) .......... -2 359,476 -75,302 -68,811 -9,197 (-9,197) .......... -2 332,537 -76,494 -76,819 -8,277 (-8,276) (-1) .......... 318,141 -72,523 -83,544 -6,464 (-6,463) (-1) -2,460 321,679 -67,761 -86,228 -4,541 (-4,541) .......... -2,972 352,345 -69,153 -91,836 -3,957 (-3,957) .......... -3,425 405,866 -71,574 -97,722 -7,306 (-7,306) .......... -2,661 Total, Net Interest ....................................................................................................... 229,757 222,951 206,164 170,947 153,150 160,177 183,974 226,603 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (281,828) (-52,071) (282,747) (-59,796) (274,975) (-68,811) (247,767) (-76,820) (236,695) (-83,545) (246,405) (-86,228) (275,810) (-91,836) (324,325) (-97,722) 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ............................................ 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ............................................ 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ........................................... 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................ -28,209 -7,385 -3,098 -1,753 -30,214 -7,637 -4,580 -150 -30,883 -7,910 -7,194 -1,024 -33,489 -8,878 -5,024 -1 -39,751 -9,602 -5,029 .......... -42,100 -11,331 -5,106 .......... -47,977 -10,941 -6,146 -160 -49,231 -11,625 -7,283 -111 Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts .................................................................... -40,445 -42,581 -47,011 -47,392 -54,382 -58,537 -65,224 -68,250 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (-33,060) (-7,385) (-34,944) (-7,637) (-39,101) (-7,910) (-38,514) (-8,878) (-44,780) (-9,602) (-47,206) (-11,331) (-54,283) (-10,941) (-56,625) (-11,625) Total budget authority .................................................................................................. 1,776,660 1,824,870 1,958,871 2,090,012 2,266,057 2,408,175 2,582,641 2,780,398 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. (1,450,241) (1,489,821) (1,602,858) (1,724,687) (1,890,538) (2,021,978) (2,169,283) (2,349,893) (326,419) (335,049) (356,013) (365,325) (375,519) (386,197) (413,358) (430,505) Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel ................................................................................................. Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................. Procurement ......................................................................................................... Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .................................................... Military Construction ............................................................................................. Family Housing ..................................................................................................... Other ..................................................................................................................... 131,754 240,243 133,776 77,549 13,974 4,005 1,649 139,031 256,217 164,992 79,568 22,064 2,917 9,902 149,290 271,562 135,439 80,004 26,814 3,853 552 157,102 293,632 135,822 80,232 22,578 2,268 4,012 158,389 305,237 131,899 76,688 15,991 1,832 1,435 158,352 286,775 118,321 72,033 11,368 1,690 6,858 153,531 258,277 97,757 63,347 8,069 1,483 2,775 150,188 262,459 100,412 63,483 8,394 1,416 9,371 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military .......................................................... 053 Atomic energy defense activities ........................................................................ 054 Defense-related activities ................................................................................... 602,950 17,181 5,692 674,691 16,630 4,912 667,514 22,985 7,063 695,646 18,228 7,314 691,471 18,529 7,035 655,397 18,305 7,721 585,239 17,485 7,433 595,723 18,404 8,157 Total, National Defense .............................................................................................. 625,823 696,233 697,562 721,188 717,035 681,423 610,157 622,284 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance ................................... 152 International security assistance ........................................................................ 153 Conduct of foreign affairs ................................................................................... 154 Foreign information and exchange activities ...................................................... 155 International financial programs ......................................................................... 16,269 10,581 9,537 1,266 30,727 17,652 10,549 12,073 1,256 6,380 25,262 11,162 14,352 1,431 11,169 25,222 14,095 15,820 1,580 3,878 21,658 12,466 14,029 1,552 3,884 22,312 14,124 16,298 1,546 39,059 23,625 12,598 15,118 1,445 -12,233 23,759 11,650 13,825 1,489 6,766 Total, International Affairs .......................................................................................... 68,380 47,910 63,376 60,595 53,589 93,339 40,553 57,489 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research .................................................................. 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ................................................ 9,799 15,581 10,213 16,580 15,969 18,134 11,860 18,228 11,740 17,913 12,027 17,200 11,614 16,350 12,362 17,081 Total, General Science, Space, and Technology ....................................................... 25,380 26,793 34,103 30,088 29,653 29,227 27,964 29,443 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply ..................................................................................................... 272 Energy conservation ........................................................................................... 274 Emergency energy preparedness ...................................................................... 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ......................................................... -803 828 169 460 2,218 1,233 199 578 18,216 23,678 215 696 5,776 1,105 255 601 5,908 232 135 437 7,739 -183 -297 486 7,747 96 100 502 6,350 1,043 -2,546 586 Total, Energy .............................................................................................................. 654 4,228 42,805 7,737 6,712 7,745 8,445 5,433 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources .................................................................................................. 302 Conservation and land management ................................................................. 303 Recreational resources ....................................................................................... 304 Pollution control and abatement ......................................................................... 306 Other natural resources ...................................................................................... 7,971 9,343 3,109 7,690 5,619 10,912 9,587 3,352 7,547 5,758 19,065 12,075 4,226 14,955 7,071 6,813 11,933 3,809 10,473 6,629 6,146 10,926 3,550 8,548 6,186 7,939 10,505 3,476 8,647 6,392 11,087 10,639 3,824 8,499 6,989 7,059 11,594 3,848 8,343 6,877 Total, Natural Resources and Environment ............................................................... 33,732 37,156 57,392 39,657 35,356 36,959 41,038 37,721 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization ................................................................................... 352 Agricultural research and services ..................................................................... 18,299 4,485 12,835 4,614 19,155 4,981 14,227 5,620 17,003 4,507 16,217 4,643 23,144 4,292 19,556 4,905 Total, Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 22,784 17,449 24,136 19,847 21,510 20,860 27,436 24,461 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit ................................................................................................... 372 Postal service ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 373 Deposit insurance ............................................................................................... 376 Other advancement of commerce ...................................................................... -2,629 645 (-8,254) (8,899) 406 11,612 198,423 4,186 (-5,491) (9,677) 1,222 14,402 197,364 5,296 (-1,282) (6,578) 23,449 225,560 -22,500 -681 (-5,381) (4,700) -8,255 -87,556 -5,043 1,097 (101) (996) -6,600 -43,664 -28,078 2,329 (74) (2,255) 51 38,104 -38,596 74 (74) .......... 183 1,834 -76,003 75 (78) (-3) 1 8,269 Total, Commerce and Housing Credit ....................................................................... 10,034 218,233 451,669 -118,992 -54,210 12,406 -36,505 -67,658 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (1,135) (8,899) (208,556) (9,677) (445,091) (6,578) (-123,692) (4,700) (-55,206) (996) (10,151) (2,255) (-36,505) .......... (-67,655) (-3) See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation ......................................................................................... 402 Air transportation ................................................................................................. 403 Water transportation ........................................................................................... 407 Other transportation ............................................................................................ 50,598 19,399 8,315 370 52,574 19,771 8,788 357 91,430 23,370 9,793 402 67,858 21,693 10,142 396 53,692 21,901 10,527 391 56,266 21,998 9,958 406 66,815 20,744 9,886 415 55,563 21,344 9,706 426 Total, Transportation .................................................................................................. 78,682 81,490 124,995 100,089 86,511 88,628 97,860 87,039 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development .................................................................................... 452 Area and regional development .......................................................................... 453 Disaster relief and insurance .............................................................................. 4,722 2,390 10,529 18,502 3,119 19,890 8,289 8,061 7,599 6,121 3,156 11,937 5,888 2,760 6,607 4,652 3,149 10,703 19,543 2,343 29,180 4,271 2,972 9,289 Total, Community and Regional Development .......................................................... 17,641 41,511 23,949 21,214 15,255 18,504 51,066 16,532 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ............................................. 502 Higher education ................................................................................................. 503 Research and general education aids ................................................................ 504 Training and employment ................................................................................... 505 Other labor services ............................................................................................ 506 Social services .................................................................................................... 38,109 26,718 3,164 7,320 1,650 16,675 37,218 24,626 3,342 7,310 1,534 17,314 115,195 12,092 3,899 11,840 1,749 22,780 50,520 12,558 3,812 8,528 1,872 17,865 39,889 5,939 3,567 7,307 1,896 17,941 39,421 20,383 3,511 8,110 1,918 18,310 38,189 2,464 3,349 7,331 1,813 18,024 39,287 17,194 3,447 7,369 1,856 18,644 Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services .................................. 93,636 91,344 167,555 95,155 76,539 91,653 71,170 87,797 550 Health: 551 Health care services ........................................................................................... 552 Health research and training .............................................................................. 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .................................................. 210,534 30,174 3,520 251,630 30,199 3,435 327,095 42,496 4,025 369,259 32,268 4,685 322,458 32,797 4,468 324,586 32,655 4,656 303,786 31,116 4,072 379,795 32,020 4,767 Total, Health ............................................................................................................... 244,228 285,264 373,616 406,212 359,723 361,897 338,974 416,582 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare ............................................................................................................. 385,008 406,561 436,987 452,618 502,275 484,282 507,813 527,580 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............ 602 Federal employee retirement and disability ....................................................... 603 Unemployment compensation ............................................................................ 604 Housing assistance ............................................................................................. 605 Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................................. 609 Other income security ......................................................................................... 7,418 106,092 35,298 34,008 58,382 126,828 7,545 110,902 45,630 35,295 60,791 166,009 14,583 119,515 127,635 106,393 83,561 158,884 7,921 122,102 166,191 53,778 95,415 178,635 7,988 122,868 119,282 44,166 105,049 184,319 8,061 128,418 93,602 40,128 115,139 163,512 8,521 133,610 70,817 39,503 112,049 169,129 8,612 136,821 44,194 42,842 115,485 178,034 Total, Income Security ............................................................................................... 368,026 426,172 610,571 624,042 583,672 548,860 533,629 525,988 650 Social Security: 651 Social security ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 588,962 (19,335) (569,627) 619,667 (17,841) (601,826) 689,801 (35,002) (654,799) 706,829 (22,921) (683,908) 731,730 (101,909) (629,821) 777,604 (140,363) (637,241) 816,453 (55,865) (760,588) 854,238 (25,819) (828,419) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans .............................................................................. 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ................................................. 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .............................................................. 704 Veterans housing ................................................................................................ 705 Other veterans benefits and services ................................................................. 39,684 2,523 35,038 -886 3,194 42,305 2,824 39,056 -414 4,540 44,747 3,766 43,683 -556 5,308 62,282 8,593 47,057 570 5,942 55,019 10,396 50,343 1,285 6,081 52,256 12,195 52,553 1,414 6,106 62,524 11,274 54,629 1,336 6,789 72,424 13,310 71,191 2,145 7,162 Total, Veterans Benefits and Services ....................................................................... 79,553 88,311 96,948 124,444 123,124 124,524 136,552 166,232 See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities ..................................................................... 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ............................................................... 753 Federal correctional activities ............................................................................. 754 Criminal justice assistance ................................................................................. 24,716 12,891 5,444 3,973 27,786 12,972 5,660 3,516 29,257 14,239 6,177 7,863 30,436 14,913 6,205 4,601 28,380 15,065 6,381 3,753 27,734 17,677 6,597 3,319 27,217 14,930 6,525 2,987 27,824 17,769 6,859 3,231 Total, Administration of Justice .................................................................................. 47,024 49,934 57,536 56,155 53,579 55,327 51,659 55,683 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions ........................................................................................... 802 Executive direction and management ................................................................ 803 Central fiscal operations ..................................................................................... 804 General property and records management ...................................................... 805 Central personnel management ......................................................................... 806 General purpose fiscal assistance ..................................................................... 808 Other general government .................................................................................. 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ....................................................................... 3,548 533 10,651 486 203 3,847 1,699 -2,346 3,639 508 11,438 701 195 4,050 1,463 -462 4,102 559 12,400 6,518 188 4,100 3,354 -1,012 4,237 590 12,697 698 203 5,224 1,717 -1,721 4,108 530 12,583 -612 198 7,657 2,839 -1,479 3,953 489 12,430 -471 199 7,908 4,043 -2,012 3,699 471 11,771 -871 194 7,807 5,613 -2,692 3,878 498 12,118 2,355 204 7,769 4,268 127 Total, General Government ....................................................................................... 18,621 21,532 30,209 23,645 25,824 26,539 25,992 31,217 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ....................................................... 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ......................................................... 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ......................................................... 908 Other interest ...................................................................................................... 909 Other investment income .................................................................................... 429,966 -71,964 -106,003 -10,102 -4,759 451,143 -77,821 -113,718 -12,902 6,027 383,073 -63,600 -117,954 -14,964 349 413,934 -67,268 -118,502 -29,540 -2,431 453,987 -72,030 -115,981 -35,363 -142 359,219 -14,753 -112,393 -8,615 -3,537 415,651 -51,015 -105,650 -35,043 -3,048 429,538 -57,848 -100,266 -39,888 -2,568 Total, Net Interest ....................................................................................................... 237,138 252,729 186,904 196,193 230,471 219,921 220,895 228,968 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (343,141) (-106,003) (366,447) (-113,718) (304,858) (-117,954) (314,695) (-118,502) (346,452) (-115,981) (332,314) (-112,393) (326,545) (-105,650) (329,234) (-100,266) 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ............................................ 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ............................................ 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ........................................... 954 Sale of major assets ........................................................................................... 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................ -49,476 -12,299 -6,763 .......... -13,700 -53,033 -13,145 -18,285 .......... -1,779 -56,431 -14,226 -5,292 .......... -16,690 -62,100 -14,936 -4,883 .......... -197 -64,581 -15,099 -6,383 -2,404 .......... -68,347 -15,592 -6,605 -12,992 .......... -65,155 -16,168 -8,874 -2,588 .......... -63,612 -15,737 -7,474 .......... -1,221 Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts .................................................................... -82,238 -86,242 -92,639 -82,116 -88,467 -103,536 -92,785 -88,044 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (-69,939) (-12,299) (-73,097) (-13,145) (-78,413) (-14,226) (-67,180) (-14,936) (-73,368) (-15,099) (-87,944) (-15,592) (-76,617) (-16,168) (-72,307) (-15,737) Total budget authority .................................................................................................. 2,863,068 3,326,275 4,077,475 3,484,600 3,509,881 3,576,162 3,478,366 3,618,985 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. (2,402,844) (2,841,635) (3,548,278) (2,929,430) (3,010,144) (3,064,651) (2,839,596) (2,906,572) (460,224) (484,640) (529,197) (555,170) (499,737) (511,511) (638,770) (712,413) Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2015 2016 050 National Defense: 051 Department of Defense-Military: Military Personnel ................................................................................................. Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................. Procurement ......................................................................................................... Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .................................................... Military Construction ............................................................................................. Family Housing ..................................................................................................... Other ..................................................................................................................... 145,858 246,575 102,108 63,872 5,654 1,140 5,654 145,447 245,147 118,894 69,544 6,927 1,254 8,502 145,674 249,920 119,714 70,481 6,646 1,330 32,465 153,476 272,965 125,412 83,655 9,015 1,408 998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 051 Subtotal, Department of Defense-Military .......................................................... 053 Atomic energy defense activities ........................................................................ 054 Defense-related activities ................................................................................... 570,861 19,018 8,530 595,715 20,118 8,284 626,230 20,117 8,777 646,929 21,800 8,419 646,543 22,294 8,879 646,134 22,750 9,117 643,908 23,217 9,094 642,618 23,689 8,780 Total, National Defense .............................................................................................. 598,409 624,117 655,124 677,148 677,716 678,001 676,219 675,087 150 International Affairs: 151 International development and humanitarian assistance ................................... 152 International security assistance ........................................................................ 153 Conduct of foreign affairs ................................................................................... 154 Foreign information and exchange activities ...................................................... 155 International financial programs ......................................................................... 26,152 12,246 14,234 1,515 9,111 25,788 11,879 14,917 1,563 -3,683 27,778 13,063 16,313 1,551 -3,921 16,236 11,061 11,967 1,082 1,195 12,181 7,355 7,880 1,080 -8,708 12,273 7,357 7,878 1,080 -6,308 12,320 7,375 7,877 1,080 -4,302 12,470 7,375 7,877 1,081 -2,646 Total, International Affairs .......................................................................................... 63,258 50,464 54,784 41,541 19,788 22,280 24,350 26,157 250 General Science, Space, and Technology: 251 General science and basic research .................................................................. 252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ................................................ 12,552 17,370 12,953 18,651 12,818 18,684 11,163 18,468 11,156 18,468 11,156 18,468 11,156 18,468 11,156 18,468 Total, General Science, Space, and Technology ....................................................... 29,922 31,604 31,502 29,631 29,624 29,624 29,624 29,624 270 Energy: 271 Energy supply ..................................................................................................... 272 Energy conservation ........................................................................................... 274 Emergency energy preparedness ...................................................................... 276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ......................................................... 4,538 1,142 202 512 3,342 1,221 220 548 5,883 1,186 -305 541 975 -3,932 -1,145 542 -2,242 380 -910 542 -224 380 -633 542 -31 380 -1,473 542 138 380 -1,687 542 Total, Energy .............................................................................................................. 6,394 5,331 7,305 -3,560 -2,230 65 -582 -627 300 Natural Resources and Environment: 301 Water resources .................................................................................................. 302 Conservation and land management ................................................................. 303 Recreational resources ....................................................................................... 304 Pollution control and abatement ......................................................................... 306 Other natural resources ...................................................................................... 6,753 9,470 3,919 8,113 7,420 7,326 14,478 4,137 8,202 7,839 8,244 13,711 4,137 8,272 7,911 5,990 12,144 4,019 5,666 6,349 5,970 12,405 3,931 6,019 6,344 6,146 12,451 3,931 6,013 6,344 6,105 12,446 3,960 6,019 6,344 6,084 11,991 3,994 6,005 6,344 Total, Natural Resources and Environment ............................................................... 35,675 41,982 42,275 34,168 34,669 34,885 34,874 34,418 350 Agriculture: 351 Farm income stabilization ................................................................................... 352 Agricultural research and services ..................................................................... 11,186 5,756 32,443 5,100 14,674 5,046 15,833 4,205 13,054 3,733 16,146 3,738 14,632 3,742 14,746 3,748 Total, Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 16,942 37,543 19,720 20,038 16,787 19,884 18,374 18,494 370 Commerce and Housing Credit: 371 Mortgage credit ................................................................................................... 372 Postal service ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 373 Deposit insurance ............................................................................................... 376 Other advancement of commerce ...................................................................... -22,592 100 (100) .......... 2 20,298 -9,681 360 (96) (264) 516 15,805 -29,866 -3,631 (-3,895) (264) 774 17,622 -21,569 -1,733 (-1,982) (249) 1,867 16,917 -19,181 -434 (-683) (249) 3,044 15,753 -19,223 73 (-176) (249) 4,305 18,553 -18,025 307 (58) (249) 5,653 12,361 -17,169 307 (58) (249) 7,079 10,970 Total, Commerce and Housing Credit ....................................................................... -2,192 7,000 -15,101 -4,518 -818 3,708 296 1,187 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (-2,192) .......... (6,736) (264) (-15,365) (264) (-4,767) (249) (-1,067) (249) (3,459) (249) (47) (249) (938) (249) See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 2015 2016 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 400 Transportation: 401 Ground transportation ......................................................................................... 402 Air transportation ................................................................................................. 403 Water transportation ........................................................................................... 407 Other transportation ............................................................................................ 55,468 19,922 9,614 432 58,589 20,512 10,696 451 60,634 20,465 10,591 447 59,391 19,201 10,354 447 60,643 19,007 10,464 447 54,419 18,956 10,541 447 61,988 8,366 10,629 447 61,988 8,311 10,730 447 Total, Transportation .................................................................................................. 85,436 90,248 92,137 89,393 90,561 84,363 81,430 81,476 450 Community and Regional Development: 451 Community development .................................................................................... 452 Area and regional development .......................................................................... 453 Disaster relief and insurance .............................................................................. 4,212 2,876 10,364 5,019 2,631 10,313 6,006 3,102 12,123 791 1,632 10,192 756 2,026 10,778 756 2,031 10,779 756 2,036 10,780 756 2,205 10,780 Total, Community and Regional Development .......................................................... 17,452 17,963 21,231 12,615 13,560 13,566 13,572 13,741 500 Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services: 501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ............................................. 502 Higher education ................................................................................................. 503 Research and general education aids ................................................................ 504 Training and employment ................................................................................... 505 Other labor services ............................................................................................ 506 Social services .................................................................................................... 39,215 49,438 3,486 6,900 1,887 18,691 40,494 37,814 3,627 7,170 1,926 19,521 40,402 75,726 3,623 7,284 1,906 19,487 36,632 25,384 2,927 5,148 1,792 16,258 36,633 30,297 2,808 5,152 1,790 16,334 36,633 28,035 2,807 5,193 1,790 16,180 36,633 28,000 2,808 5,153 1,790 16,263 36,633 26,420 2,808 5,022 1,790 16,356 Total, Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services .................................. 119,617 110,552 148,428 88,141 93,014 90,638 90,647 89,029 550 Health: 551 Health care services ........................................................................................... 552 Health research and training .............................................................................. 554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .................................................. 458,954 32,503 4,620 476,766 34,459 4,822 499,084 34,596 4,833 484,243 27,977 3,997 514,649 28,177 4,005 480,234 27,253 4,010 450,965 27,163 4,005 454,396 27,256 3,985 Total, Health ............................................................................................................... 496,077 516,047 538,513 516,217 546,831 511,497 482,133 485,637 570 Medicare: 571 Medicare ............................................................................................................. 547,592 604,450 602,563 586,399 652,213 706,179 762,041 857,769 600 Income Security: 601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ............ 602 Federal employee retirement and disability ....................................................... 603 Unemployment compensation ............................................................................ 604 Housing assistance ............................................................................................. 605 Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................................. 609 Other income security ......................................................................................... 8,816 140,226 34,853 42,801 111,319 177,621 9,008 141,549 35,429 44,718 110,922 182,855 9,339 142,267 35,592 44,629 109,333 176,892 9,453 146,108 36,161 41,385 99,601 166,251 9,634 150,187 37,313 41,385 99,840 172,892 9,796 154,112 40,702 41,385 96,222 176,085 10,066 158,013 42,539 41,385 95,618 180,255 10,069 162,022 44,688 41,385 93,889 188,762 Total, Income Security ............................................................................................... 515,636 524,481 518,052 498,959 511,251 518,302 527,876 540,815 650 Social Security: 651 Social security ..................................................................................................... (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... 892,006 (30,939) (861,067) 920,079 (32,469) (887,610) 955,230 (37,560) (917,670) 700 Veterans Benefits and Services: 701 Income security for veterans .............................................................................. 702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ................................................. 703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .............................................................. 704 Veterans housing ................................................................................................ 705 Other veterans benefits and services ................................................................. 79,966 15,147 57,719 745 7,392 77,699 14,423 63,053 808 7,873 86,916 16,477 66,193 -716 8,270 87,653 13,679 73,628 440 8,082 92,981 11,816 78,574 494 8,099 100,966 16,189 78,573 590 8,099 107,732 16,902 78,574 636 8,099 114,655 17,673 78,574 672 8,099 Total, Veterans Benefits and Services ....................................................................... 160,969 163,856 177,140 183,482 191,964 204,417 211,943 219,673 See footnotes at end of table. 1,015,904 1,080,539 1,148,211 1,216,214 1,290,750 (41,055) (45,035) (49,208) (53,758) (58,384) (974,849) (1,035,504) (1,099,003) (1,162,456) (1,232,366) Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Function and Subfunction 2015 2016 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 750 Administration of Justice: 751 Federal law enforcement activities ..................................................................... 752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ............................................................... 753 Federal correctional activities ............................................................................. 754 Criminal justice assistance ................................................................................. 34,126 14,405 6,915 4,937 27,146 14,704 7,479 7,234 33,221 15,097 7,465 12,085 34,457 15,611 6,759 4,852 35,574 15,252 7,198 4,412 36,610 15,263 7,198 4,407 37,852 15,283 7,198 4,407 38,183 15,305 7,198 4,407 Total, Administration of Justice .................................................................................. 60,383 56,563 67,868 61,679 62,436 63,478 64,740 65,093 800 General Government: 801 Legislative functions ........................................................................................... 802 Executive direction and management ................................................................ 803 Central fiscal operations ..................................................................................... 804 General property and records management ...................................................... 805 Central personnel management ......................................................................... 806 General purpose fiscal assistance ..................................................................... 808 Other general government .................................................................................. 809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ....................................................................... 3,905 511 11,868 -75 205 7,124 2,995 -4,786 3,967 523 12,138 925 233 6,831 5,299 -4,066 3,967 528 12,426 546 233 6,491 2,812 -1,719 4,478 515 12,217 559 266 7,369 3,161 -1,720 4,498 515 12,233 559 266 7,159 3,047 -1,757 4,500 515 12,254 560 266 7,132 3,050 -1,802 4,502 515 12,270 558 267 7,208 3,053 -1,810 4,510 515 12,295 558 266 7,677 3,056 -1,819 Total, General Government ....................................................................................... 21,747 25,850 25,284 26,845 26,520 26,475 26,563 27,058 900 Net Interest: 901 Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ....................................................... 902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ......................................................... 903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ......................................................... 908 Other interest ...................................................................................................... 909 Other investment income .................................................................................... 402,429 -45,823 -95,968 -37,766 324 429,950 -55,536 -90,575 -41,859 -1,947 474,506 -63,435 -86,506 -47,292 -1,129 505,578 -58,784 -84,760 -46,427 -722 566,831 -62,873 -84,742 -47,412 -733 629,514 -66,264 -83,613 -50,812 -766 689,534 -70,311 -82,642 -54,594 -746 741,589 -75,400 -79,850 -57,456 -710 Total, Net Interest ....................................................................................................... 223,196 240,033 276,144 314,885 371,071 428,059 481,241 528,173 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (319,164) (-95,968) (330,608) (-90,575) (362,650) (-86,506) (399,645) (-84,760) (455,813) (-84,742) (511,672) (-83,613) (563,883) (-82,642) (608,023) (-79,850) 920 Allowances: 922 Reductions for Joint Committee Enforcement (Nondefense) ............................. 923 Infrastructure Initiative ........................................................................................ 924 Adjustment for Budget Control Act Caps (Non-Security) ................................... 925 Adjustment to Reflect Additional 2017 Request ................................................. 926 Spectrum relocation ............................................................................................ 927 Disability insurance reforms ............................................................................... 928 Reducing Improper Payments Government-wide .............................................. 929 Placeholder for Outyear OCO Costs .................................................................. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 3,826 -18,000 80 .......... .......... .......... -4,313 200,000 -1,065 .......... 200 100 .......... .......... -2,206 .......... -48,897 .......... 150 100 -719 8,000 -2,968 .......... -63,104 .......... 50 100 -1,482 4,000 -2,878 .......... -68,736 .......... .......... 100 -2,383 2,000 -3,055 .......... -78,248 .......... .......... 100 -4,288 2,000 Total, Allowances ....................................................................................................... .......... .......... -14,094 194,922 -43,572 -63,404 -71,897 -83,491 950 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts: 951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ............................................ 952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ............................................ 953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ........................................... 959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................ -65,112 -16,008 -4,555 -30,128 -67,096 -16,936 -2,783 -8,436 -69,955 -17,499 -4,191 -1,750 -72,857 -18,110 -4,643 -8,790 -61,788 -18,801 -4,774 -1,825 -61,876 -19,413 -4,968 -2,370 -61,552 -20,047 -5,124 -845 -61,343 -20,813 -5,609 -500 Total, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts .................................................................... -115,803 -95,251 -93,395 -104,400 -87,188 -88,627 -87,568 -88,265 (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... (-99,795) (-16,008) (-78,315) (-16,936) (-75,896) (-17,499) (-86,290) (-18,110) (-68,387) (-18,801) (-69,214) (-19,413) (-67,521) (-20,047) (-67,452) (-20,813) 3,772,716 3,972,912 4,110,710 4,279,489 4,284,736 4,431,601 4,582,090 4,811,798 Total budget authority .................................................................................................. (On-budget) ........................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ........................................................................................................... N/A = Not available. On-budget unless otherwise stated. (3,023,625) (3,192,549) (3,296,781) (3,407,261) (3,352,526) (3,435,375) (3,522,074) (3,679,846) (749,091) (780,363) (813,929) (872,228) (932,210) (996,226) (1,060,016) (1,131,952) Table 5.2—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 936 346 20,690 1,732 95,503 9,314 4,970 40,368 2,423 29,200 2,733 2,066 22,933 1,251 9,977 45,880 19,653 2,177 7,390 772 70 251 10,907 3,552 717 8,870 621 6,044 74,019 17,692 -22,186 (-18,411) (-3,775) 226 87 4,233 357 22,925 3,227 1,315 10,154 621 400 1,036 537 4,025 476 4,847 10,806 4,524 655 1,956 189 18 41 -736 932 169 2,406 31 1,506 20,019 4,105 -4,477 (-4,135) (-342) 1,057 431 21,841 7,814 107,906 10,568 7,021 47,035 2,881 33,818 3,741 2,204 31,194 1,530 8,456 49,491 19,043 2,479 8,273 2,764 79 312 5,334 3,876 783 10,255 1,068 6,612 84,909 8,692 -23,018 (-19,390) (-3,627) 1,087 459 26,659 1,892 114,531 11,625 10,467 51,891 3,314 37,994 4,639 2,212 16,826 1,798 12,611 56,370 19,013 2,781 9,213 5,499 79 137 8,737 4,244 868 11,631 3,555 5,991 93,712 8,981 -24,250 (-20,788) (-3,463) 1,131 521 37,250 2,086 123,595 13,996 9,805 59,726 3,969 31,142 4,766 2,317 24,715 2,075 16,370 63,622 20,471 2,780 10,319 5,403 83 333 7,272 4,743 914 13,314 2,081 6,266 104,233 10,957 -27,428 (-24,089) (-3,338) 1,318 609 39,559 2,610 140,651 15,209 10,767 70,002 4,424 35,852 4,674 2,261 29,846 2,411 18,245 89,463 21,177 3,247 12,020 4,669 102 716 12,678 5,350 991 15,711 2,145 7,144 119,278 28,922 -31,988 (-28,445) (-3,543) 1,251 656 47,410 2,072 176,100 16,752 11,241 80,788 3,971 34,220 4,403 2,096 30,999 2,583 23,486 91,193 23,136 3,089 13,898 3,026 104 1,121 16,514 5,634 1,031 18,595 1,355 7,899 140,404 17,122 -41,852 (-38,134) (-3,718) 1,414 733 57,400 1,834 211,486 15,374 12,485 86,307 4,563 20,911 3,805 2,310 32,084 2,774 21,214 110,329 24,948 2,988 15,043 3,674 94 623 11,031 6,200 1,006 20,810 748 8,613 156,238 11,647 -42,165 (-38,448) (-3,717) Total budget authority ......................................................................... 420,870 96,610 468,450 504,565 558,829 670,062 740,300 806,522 Table 5.2—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 1,687 823 69,831 1,923 238,834 15,267 11,892 91,478 4,981 16,561 4,952 2,679 38,286 2,952 23,855 116,212 25,324 3,406 16,218 3,688 102 812 6,589 7,065 1,104 22,302 1,278 30,451 150,984 9,183 200 -51,078 (-47,455) (-3,623) 1,768 904 46,734 2,015 258,108 15,336 10,952 103,715 5,231 18,148 4,906 3,096 32,013 3,193 25,821 140,445 26,464 2,674 16,587 4,064 110 641 18,945 7,458 1,323 23,530 971 17,831 171,710 10,100 919 -52,329 (-46,975) (-5,354) 1,703 1,055 61,823 2,309 286,789 18,952 12,617 113,981 5,056 31,398 4,995 3,412 23,873 3,802 26,234 164,826 27,288 2,883 17,270 4,346 117 738 20,362 7,573 1,502 24,616 1,254 19,968 184,648 10,091 1,430 -58,656 (-52,029) (-6,627) 1,720 1,045 59,154 1,980 281,398 17,750 10,558 123,589 5,139 15,928 4,574 3,446 24,589 4,311 25,775 178,401 27,062 2,722 17,519 3,446 109 779 10,707 7,807 1,458 26,294 714 15,931 191,782 11,495 1,788 -65,036 (-57,850) (-7,186) 1,873 1,273 52,421 2,155 279,417 19,475 10,124 133,443 5,927 14,657 5,265 4,508 23,958 4,034 23,535 180,053 27,343 3,121 18,034 5,344 119 579 13,002 10,923 1,623 27,299 604 16,412 203,461 12,993 2,294 -72,262 (-63,672) (-8,590) 2,123 1,344 55,134 2,449 283,710 20,098 11,162 142,396 6,152 14,949 5,237 4,818 23,070 4,160 24,639 202,112 29,414 3,226 19,121 4,968 126 244 11,655 9,061 1,717 30,164 418 18,330 216,285 20,873 941 -78,789 (-66,992) (-11,798) 2,250 1,481 55,627 2,807 290,785 22,819 11,696 155,160 7,110 14,347 5,463 5,814 25,859 4,461 25,483 228,870 29,866 3,215 20,354 5,081 131 33 10,951 10,969 1,922 32,163 421 18,628 228,432 61,160 1,610 -89,074 (-72,822) (-16,252) 2,248 1,752 55,214 3,683 292,936 24,549 13,983 184,673 7,292 17,315 6,669 7,891 27,377 4,728 26,971 257,597 30,438 3,165 21,802 5,380 179 2,871 12,408 12,324 2,084 35,224 928 17,425 246,875 56,032 3,083 -98,930 (-77,371) (-21,558) Total budget authority ......................................................................... 869,841 923,384 1,028,252 1,013,934 1,033,008 1,091,310 1,195,894 1,286,164 Table 5.2—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 1991 1992 1993 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 2,493 2,118 59,957 2,648 275,676 27,360 16,102 201,473 6,574 27,634 6,856 8,371 36,235 5,272 27,545 276,501 33,129 3,281 23,399 6,004 185 1,902 15,727 14,016 2,316 36,782 464 20,576 268,531 83,643 3,301 -110,005 (-83,979) (-26,026) 2,632 2,445 66,170 3,022 281,827 28,685 17,197 251,439 11,158 24,966 7,077 9,326 48,887 6,171 32,761 293,647 33,907 3,667 24,795 6,461 202 304 13,436 14,317 2,573 35,765 1,891 23,986 283,365 50,221 2,198 -117,111 (-87,372) (-29,739) 2,621 2,613 67,730 3,159 267,334 31,324 17,712 257,702 9,091 26,468 6,857 9,841 47,692 6,561 36,399 298,457 35,993 3,852 26,079 6,737 237 537 24,658 14,310 2,734 39,345 1,177 28,081 300,089 16,415 2,239 -119,711 (-86,507) (-33,203) 2,612 2,832 65,458 3,811 251,294 26,881 17,159 307,700 12,476 26,322 7,453 9,519 39,003 7,050 38,662 307,256 36,804 3,925 27,050 6,436 237 546 9,543 14,570 3,018 40,380 2,058 32,376 315,450 32,061 2,732 -123,469 (-87,857) (-35,612) 2,682 2,998 58,437 4,025 255,658 32,245 15,019 301,969 11,442 19,800 7,512 11,985 32,924 6,141 34,382 351,708 38,028 3,344 28,072 5,710 184 81 14,906 13,854 3,227 42,923 792 32,551 327,808 14,324 2,554 -137,632 (-97,895) (-39,737) 2,454 3,174 58,592 3,612 254,525 29,097 14,128 318,434 11,667 20,821 7,202 13,964 34,099 5,852 32,012 363,815 38,690 3,336 29,094 6,268 204 77 10,178 13,886 3,219 43,814 1,089 30,349 346,315 12,500 3,441 -134,997 (-92,212) (-42,785) 2,541 3,386 60,727 3,758 257,943 33,519 14,073 353,652 13,189 16,091 7,404 15,797 32,860 5,984 36,382 377,894 39,877 4,157 30,346 6,478 217 374 8,412 13,711 3,271 44,847 838 34,413 359,155 12,726 3,725 -154,969 (-107,272) (-47,697) 2,627 3,543 58,134 4,100 258,250 35,298 14,371 359,307 11,243 20,976 8,146 16,597 33,757 6,074 40,412 391,348 42,717 4,145 31,321 7,022 246 1 7,056 13,637 3,431 47,352 243 36,022 371,321 18,130 6,359 -161,034 (-107,353) (-53,681) Total budget authority ......................................................................... 1,386,065 1,467,388 1,474,333 1,529,205 1,539,653 1,580,911 1,642,778 1,692,152 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Table 5.2—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 2,943 3,807 67,560 5,431 278,402 33,643 16,353 364,973 13,042 26,303 8,097 17,138 35,763 8,914 46,207 386,880 44,070 3,797 32,079 7,243 428 233 27,437 13,627 3,702 48,710 342 39,797 380,267 12,901 5,607 -159,036 (-99,581) (-59,455) 2,800 4,067 75,162 8,733 290,307 31,816 15,291 392,122 13,840 24,277 8,363 15,751 31,258 8,113 49,965 391,649 45,462 4,028 32,924 7,313 272 -304 14,057 13,588 3,961 50,463 100 45,112 398,770 14,917 3,712 -173,019 (-105,586) (-67,433) 3,149 4,459 73,082 5,167 318,651 39,734 17,666 434,443 16,400 32,296 9,584 19,196 44,437 8,371 61,570 389,999 47,410 4,619 34,339 7,601 3,826 161 11,399 14,254 4,519 53,144 -68 43,259 428,670 14,595 4,064 -191,125 (-114,404) (-76,721) 3,613 4,970 71,209 5,545 344,878 55,838 18,447 478,236 30,570 34,481 10,768 21,381 65,209 9,859 60,336 371,204 51,894 4,730 35,383 7,841 330 237 14,438 14,868 4,884 55,306 604 43,913 447,951 18,724 3,071 -200,706 (-115,009) (-85,697) 3,830 5,168 78,750 5,800 439,339 63,001 20,552 515,464 30,844 34,371 10,416 22,934 69,074 10,353 54,415 369,139 58,964 4,771 39,941 7,925 2,568 1,348 18,457 15,449 5,384 57,316 1,625 46,157 463,279 14,486 5,386 -210,449 (-117,303) (-93,146) 3,937 5,440 93,037 5,877 471,796 67,161 21,988 556,305 31,650 35,077 10,137 28,092 56,923 11,951 60,854 376,958 60,279 4,554 41,846 8,390 18,804 21 15,603 15,342 5,589 59,932 4,222 49,939 481,699 15,241 2,057 -212,526 (-114,967) (-97,559) 4,036 5,726 95,023 6,476 483,846 74,476 21,093 591,392 100,689 35,029 10,553 21,772 47,155 14,595 64,543 411,697 68,889 5,494 43,716 7,959 369 297 18,249 16,187 5,565 63,076 3,345 54,777 515,130 16,695 1,005 -226,213 (-123,436) (-102,777) 4,219 5,993 97,339 6,638 532,926 100,019 21,085 684,554 32,285 52,405 9,940 23,052 45,896 15,438 64,444 466,551 70,937 11,944 44,672 7,583 341 722 18,695 16,570 5,690 66,756 1,755 53,360 536,159 16,285 3,693 -237,548 (-128,201) (-109,347) Total budget authority ......................................................................... 1,776,660 1,824,870 1,958,871 2,090,012 2,266,057 2,408,175 2,582,641 2,780,398 Table 5.2—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 4,286 6,180 91,821 7,766 602,984 68,265 21,686 658,365 39,702 35,364 10,333 24,771 47,624 17,084 65,994 492,728 79,547 7,046 47,187 7,533 390 89 51,359 16,275 6,028 61,633 528 56,663 569,627 15,517 8,899 -260,206 (-141,904) (-118,302) 4,447 6,518 92,950 9,585 674,694 65,399 22,739 721,693 50,624 50,930 10,556 26,354 57,973 23,124 67,974 751,174 88,401 9,093 45,430 7,393 289 340 24,008 17,209 6,197 65,951 1,317 58,500 601,826 31,701 9,677 -277,791 (-150,928) (-126,863) 4,977 6,787 127,826 25,713 667,557 131,891 68,557 851,721 46,001 61,810 14,817 32,661 152,821 27,164 112,344 896,975 96,929 16,587 57,482 14,754 374 6,290 34,651 18,777 9,579 74,439 2,564 78,406 654,799 49,837 6,578 -274,193 (-142,013) (-132,180) 4,893 7,214 130,983 13,679 695,646 62,911 23,026 889,608 45,423 45,075 12,843 30,171 179,228 30,285 84,342 392,169 124,305 5,665 54,786 10,165 432 261 28,127 18,719 6,963 72,434 6,472 70,198 683,908 17,855 4,700 -267,886 (-134,448) (-133,438) 4,737 7,205 140,677 5,704 691,471 43,628 22,648 889,186 41,648 48,528 12,279 29,184 130,168 26,879 70,512 494,153 122,798 4,854 51,073 8,565 385 -1,009 25,564 18,432 6,910 79,435 5,454 154,714 629,821 19,760 996 -276,478 (-145,398) (-131,080) 4,542 7,240 151,789 7,978 655,397 57,458 22,721 874,458 45,911 40,115 11,486 31,412 105,366 30,122 70,114 442,633 124,030 6,763 81,067 10,785 384 -977 63,185 17,773 7,159 83,630 2,724 188,759 637,241 23,324 2,255 -230,682 (-102,697) (-127,985) 4,258 6,926 154,924 7,959 585,239 39,495 21,221 873,330 61,873 68,969 11,761 28,106 82,267 29,584 82,816 440,900 135,984 9,716 57,553 8,413 365 -1,255 10,775 16,868 6,997 86,973 952 109,001 760,588 25,258 .......... -249,450 (-127,632) (-121,818) 4,462 7,284 157,510 10,113 595,723 55,200 22,174 960,955 44,146 42,676 11,898 32,753 55,782 28,586 71,311 442,972 165,657 5,612 57,514 9,124 378 1,932 27,987 17,644 7,296 89,745 139 83,745 828,419 26,409 -3 -246,158 (-130,155) (-116,003) Total budget authority ......................................................................... 2,863,068 3,326,275 4,077,475 3,484,600 3,509,881 3,576,162 3,478,366 3,618,985 Table 5.2—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 2015 2016 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Allowances ........................................................................................................................ Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ....................................................................................................... (Off-budget) ....................................................................................................... 4,506 7,404 142,471 13,817 570,861 87,258 25,393 1,045,165 45,269 44,115 12,538 29,371 45,953 29,118 71,898 485,987 160,466 5,477 62,584 7,846 3,508 -481 32,730 18,009 7,485 92,356 -734 89,340 861,067 29,533 .......... .......... -257,594 (-145,618) (-111,976) 4,570 7,596 168,801 10,351 595,715 76,977 27,335 1,118,986 46,021 48,843 13,969 32,114 46,991 29,828 75,727 519,865 163,330 6,042 60,139 8,208 396 555 20,768 19,280 7,597 93,745 -512 95,342 887,610 27,821 264 .......... -241,362 (-133,851) (-107,511) 4,570 7,613 139,269 9,490 626,229 114,800 28,013 1,126,687 51,026 51,544 13,718 39,133 47,340 31,373 77,456 562,976 176,630 6,907 57,572 8,233 425 200 23,045 19,309 7,546 95,659 317 93,010 917,670 29,529 264 -13,507 -243,336 (-139,331) (-104,005) 5,173 8,115 132,267 8,029 646,977 60,971 20,067 1,112,443 49,386 39,715 12,461 31,642 45,778 23,454 75,715 600,874 183,108 4,906 61,060 5,659 406 465 19,265 19,078 6,758 99,481 826 91,289 974,849 28,492 249 158,475 -247,944 (-145,074) (-102,870) 5,195 8,082 129,792 10,150 594,543 65,952 22,728 1,212,309 50,886 39,739 12,105 31,787 46,822 17,169 77,108 663,266 191,599 4,908 63,533 5,927 406 465 3,644 19,078 6,752 103,909 831 104,031 1,035,504 28,353 249 -37,283 -234,803 (-131,260) (-103,543) 5,195 8,116 129,518 13,568 607,132 63,758 25,327 1,289,034 51,982 39,771 12,191 31,893 50,275 17,187 70,892 727,169 204,063 4,792 64,809 5,926 406 466 6,120 19,078 6,754 107,323 831 109,706 1,099,003 29,479 249 -131,908 -238,504 (-135,478) (-103,026) 5,198 8,160 127,657 8,156 619,906 63,818 24,882 1,351,437 53,303 39,793 12,024 32,013 52,114 17,207 67,931 790,906 211,592 4,915 66,753 5,930 406 464 8,181 19,078 6,756 110,605 831 115,861 1,162,456 31,195 249 -197,166 -240,521 (-137,832) (-102,689) 5,206 8,181 126,499 7,744 632,617 62,320 24,975 1,457,442 53,702 39,817 11,931 32,120 54,172 17,227 67,935 846,302 219,311 4,918 69,149 5,935 406 464 9,859 19,078 6,757 113,839 831 126,744 1,232,366 32,903 249 -235,686 -243,515 (-142,852) (-100,663) Total budget authority ......................................................................... 3,772,716 3,972,912 4,110,710 4,279,489 4,284,736 4,431,601 4,582,090 4,811,798 Table 5.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022 Department or other unit 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................................................. 0.2 0.1 4.9 0.4 22.7 2.2 1.2 9.6 0.6 6.9 0.6 0.5 5.4 0.3 2.4 10.9 4.7 0.5 1.8 0.2 * 0.1 2.6 0.8 0.2 2.1 0.1 1.4 17.6 4.2 -5.3 (-4.4) (-0.9) 0.2 0.1 4.4 0.4 23.7 3.3 1.4 10.5 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.6 4.2 0.5 5.0 11.2 4.7 0.7 2.0 0.2 * * -0.8 1.0 0.2 2.5 * 1.6 20.7 4.2 -4.6 (-4.3) (-0.4) 0.2 0.1 4.7 1.7 23.0 2.3 1.5 10.0 0.6 7.2 0.8 0.5 6.7 0.3 1.8 10.6 4.1 0.5 1.8 0.6 * 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.2 2.2 0.2 1.4 18.1 1.9 -4.9 (-4.1) (-0.8) 0.2 0.1 5.3 0.4 22.7 2.3 2.1 10.3 0.7 7.5 0.9 0.4 3.3 0.4 2.5 11.2 3.8 0.6 1.8 1.1 * * 1.7 0.8 0.2 2.3 0.7 1.2 18.6 1.8 -4.8 (-4.1) (-0.7) 0.2 0.1 6.7 0.4 22.1 2.5 1.8 10.7 0.7 5.6 0.9 0.4 4.4 0.4 2.9 11.4 3.7 0.5 1.8 1.0 * 0.1 1.3 0.8 0.2 2.4 0.4 1.1 18.7 2.0 -4.9 (-4.3) (-0.6) 0.2 0.1 5.9 0.4 21.0 2.3 1.6 10.4 0.7 5.4 0.7 0.3 4.5 0.4 2.7 13.4 3.2 0.5 1.8 0.7 * 0.1 1.9 0.8 0.1 2.3 0.3 1.1 17.8 4.3 -4.8 (-4.2) (-0.5) 0.2 0.1 6.4 0.3 23.8 2.3 1.5 10.9 0.5 4.6 0.6 0.3 4.2 0.3 3.2 12.3 3.1 0.4 1.9 0.4 * 0.2 2.2 0.8 0.1 2.5 0.2 1.1 19.0 2.3 -5.7 (-5.2) (-0.5) 0.2 0.1 7.1 0.2 26.2 1.9 1.5 10.7 0.6 2.6 0.5 0.3 4.0 0.3 2.6 13.7 3.1 0.4 1.9 0.5 * 0.1 1.4 0.8 0.1 2.6 0.1 1.1 19.4 1.4 -5.2 (-4.8) (-0.5) Total budget authority ........................................................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 5.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued Department or other unit 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................................................. 0.2 0.1 8.0 0.2 27.5 1.8 1.4 10.5 0.6 1.9 0.6 0.3 4.4 0.3 2.7 13.4 2.9 0.4 1.9 0.4 * 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.1 2.6 0.1 3.5 17.4 1.1 * -5.9 (-5.5) (-0.4) 0.2 0.1 5.1 0.2 28.0 1.7 1.2 11.2 0.6 2.0 0.5 0.3 3.5 0.3 2.8 15.2 2.9 0.3 1.8 0.4 * 0.1 2.1 0.8 0.1 2.5 0.1 1.9 18.6 1.1 0.1 -5.7 (-5.1) (-0.6) 0.2 0.1 6.0 0.2 27.9 1.8 1.2 11.1 0.5 3.1 0.5 0.3 2.3 0.4 2.6 16.0 2.7 0.3 1.7 0.4 * 0.1 2.0 0.7 0.1 2.4 0.1 1.9 18.0 1.0 0.1 -5.7 (-5.1) (-0.6) 0.2 0.1 5.8 0.2 27.8 1.8 1.0 12.2 0.5 1.6 0.5 0.3 2.4 0.4 2.5 17.6 2.7 0.3 1.7 0.3 * 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.1 2.6 0.1 1.6 18.9 1.1 0.2 -6.4 (-5.7) (-0.7) 0.2 0.1 5.1 0.2 27.0 1.9 1.0 12.9 0.6 1.4 0.5 0.4 2.3 0.4 2.3 17.4 2.6 0.3 1.7 0.5 * 0.1 1.3 1.1 0.2 2.6 0.1 1.6 19.7 1.3 0.2 -7.0 (-6.2) (-0.8) 0.2 0.1 5.1 0.2 26.0 1.8 1.0 13.0 0.6 1.4 0.5 0.4 2.1 0.4 2.3 18.5 2.7 0.3 1.8 0.5 * * 1.1 0.8 0.2 2.8 * 1.7 19.8 1.9 0.1 -7.2 (-6.1) (-1.1) 0.2 0.1 4.7 0.2 24.3 1.9 1.0 13.0 0.6 1.2 0.5 0.5 2.2 0.4 2.1 19.1 2.5 0.3 1.7 0.4 * * 0.9 0.9 0.2 2.7 * 1.6 19.1 5.1 0.1 -7.4 (-6.1) (-1.4) 0.2 0.1 4.3 0.3 22.8 1.9 1.1 14.4 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.6 2.1 0.4 2.1 20.0 2.4 0.2 1.7 0.4 * 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.2 2.7 0.1 1.4 19.2 4.4 0.2 -7.7 (-6.0) (-1.7) Total budget authority ........................................................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 5.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued Department or other unit 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................................................. 0.2 0.2 4.3 0.2 19.9 2.0 1.2 14.5 0.5 2.0 0.5 0.6 2.6 0.4 2.0 19.9 2.4 0.2 1.7 0.4 * 0.1 1.1 1.0 0.2 2.7 * 1.5 19.4 6.0 0.2 -7.9 (-6.1) (-1.9) 0.2 0.2 4.5 0.2 19.2 2.0 1.2 17.1 0.8 1.7 0.5 0.6 3.3 0.4 2.2 20.0 2.3 0.2 1.7 0.4 * * 0.9 1.0 0.2 2.4 0.1 1.6 19.3 3.4 0.1 -8.0 (-6.0) (-2.0) 0.2 0.2 4.6 0.2 18.1 2.1 1.2 17.5 0.6 1.8 0.5 0.7 3.2 0.4 2.5 20.2 2.4 0.3 1.8 0.5 * * 1.7 1.0 0.2 2.7 0.1 1.9 20.4 1.1 0.2 -8.1 (-5.9) (-2.3) 0.2 0.2 4.3 0.2 16.4 1.8 1.1 20.1 0.8 1.7 0.5 0.6 2.6 0.5 2.5 20.1 2.4 0.3 1.8 0.4 * * 0.6 1.0 0.2 2.6 0.1 2.1 20.6 2.1 0.2 -8.1 (-5.7) (-2.3) 0.2 0.2 3.8 0.3 16.6 2.1 1.0 19.6 0.7 1.3 0.5 0.8 2.1 0.4 2.2 22.8 2.5 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 1.0 0.9 0.2 2.8 0.1 2.1 21.3 0.9 0.2 -8.9 (-6.4) (-2.6) 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.2 16.1 1.8 0.9 20.1 0.7 1.3 0.5 0.9 2.2 0.4 2.0 23.0 2.4 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 0.6 0.9 0.2 2.8 0.1 1.9 21.9 0.8 0.2 -8.5 (-5.8) (-2.7) 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.2 15.7 2.0 0.9 21.5 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.4 2.2 23.0 2.4 0.3 1.8 0.4 * * 0.5 0.8 0.2 2.7 0.1 2.1 21.9 0.8 0.2 -9.4 (-6.5) (-2.9) 0.2 0.2 3.4 0.2 15.3 2.1 0.8 21.2 0.7 1.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.4 2.4 23.1 2.5 0.2 1.9 0.4 * * 0.4 0.8 0.2 2.8 * 2.1 21.9 1.1 0.4 -9.5 (-6.3) (-3.2) Total budget authority ........................................................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 5.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued Department or other unit 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................................................. 0.2 0.2 3.8 0.3 15.7 1.9 0.9 20.5 0.7 1.5 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.5 2.6 21.8 2.5 0.2 1.8 0.4 * * 1.5 0.8 0.2 2.7 * 2.2 21.4 0.7 0.3 -9.0 (-5.6) (-3.3) 0.2 0.2 4.1 0.5 15.9 1.7 0.8 21.5 0.8 1.3 0.5 0.9 1.7 0.4 2.7 21.5 2.5 0.2 1.8 0.4 * -* 0.8 0.7 0.2 2.8 * 2.5 21.9 0.8 0.2 -9.5 (-5.8) (-3.7) 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.3 16.3 2.0 0.9 22.2 0.8 1.6 0.5 1.0 2.3 0.4 3.1 19.9 2.4 0.2 1.8 0.4 0.2 * 0.6 0.7 0.2 2.7 -* 2.2 21.9 0.7 0.2 -9.8 (-5.8) (-3.9) 0.2 0.2 3.4 0.3 16.5 2.7 0.9 22.9 1.5 1.6 0.5 1.0 3.1 0.5 2.9 17.8 2.5 0.2 1.7 0.4 * * 0.7 0.7 0.2 2.6 * 2.1 21.4 0.9 0.1 -9.6 (-5.5) (-4.1) 0.2 0.2 3.5 0.3 19.4 2.8 0.9 22.7 1.4 1.5 0.5 1.0 3.0 0.5 2.4 16.3 2.6 0.2 1.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.2 2.5 0.1 2.0 20.4 0.6 0.2 -9.3 (-5.2) (-4.1) 0.2 0.2 3.9 0.2 19.6 2.8 0.9 23.1 1.3 1.5 0.4 1.2 2.4 0.5 2.5 15.7 2.5 0.2 1.7 0.3 0.8 * 0.6 0.6 0.2 2.5 0.2 2.1 20.0 0.6 0.1 -8.8 (-4.8) (-4.1) 0.2 0.2 3.7 0.3 18.7 2.9 0.8 22.9 3.9 1.4 0.4 0.8 1.8 0.6 2.5 15.9 2.7 0.2 1.7 0.3 * * 0.7 0.6 0.2 2.4 0.1 2.1 19.9 0.6 * -8.8 (-4.8) (-4.0) 0.2 0.2 3.5 0.2 19.2 3.6 0.8 24.6 1.2 1.9 0.4 0.8 1.7 0.6 2.3 16.8 2.6 0.4 1.6 0.3 * * 0.7 0.6 0.2 2.4 0.1 1.9 19.3 0.6 0.1 -8.5 (-4.6) (-3.9) Total budget authority ........................................................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 5.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued Department or other unit 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................................................. 0.1 0.2 3.2 0.3 21.1 2.4 0.8 23.0 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.9 1.7 0.6 2.3 17.2 2.8 0.2 1.6 0.3 * * 1.8 0.6 0.2 2.2 * 2.0 19.9 0.5 0.3 -9.1 (-5.0) (-4.1) 0.1 0.2 2.8 0.3 20.3 2.0 0.7 21.7 1.5 1.5 0.3 0.8 1.7 0.7 2.0 22.6 2.7 0.3 1.4 0.2 * * 0.7 0.5 0.2 2.0 * 1.8 18.1 1.0 0.3 -8.4 (-4.5) (-3.8) 0.1 0.2 3.1 0.6 16.4 3.2 1.7 20.9 1.1 1.5 0.4 0.8 3.7 0.7 2.8 22.0 2.4 0.4 1.4 0.4 * 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 1.8 0.1 1.9 16.1 1.2 0.2 -6.7 (-3.5) (-3.2) 0.1 0.2 3.8 0.4 20.0 1.8 0.7 25.5 1.3 1.3 0.4 0.9 5.1 0.9 2.4 11.3 3.6 0.2 1.6 0.3 * * 0.8 0.5 0.2 2.1 0.2 2.0 19.6 0.5 0.1 -7.7 (-3.9) (-3.8) 0.1 0.2 4.0 0.2 19.7 1.2 0.6 25.3 1.2 1.4 0.3 0.8 3.7 0.8 2.0 14.1 3.5 0.1 1.5 0.2 * -* 0.7 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.2 4.4 17.9 0.6 * -7.9 (-4.1) (-3.7) 0.1 0.2 4.2 0.2 18.3 1.6 0.6 24.5 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.9 2.9 0.8 2.0 12.4 3.5 0.2 2.3 0.3 * -* 1.8 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.1 5.3 17.8 0.7 0.1 -6.5 (-2.9) (-3.6) 0.1 0.2 4.5 0.2 16.8 1.1 0.6 25.1 1.8 2.0 0.3 0.8 2.4 0.9 2.4 12.7 3.9 0.3 1.7 0.2 * -* 0.3 0.5 0.2 2.5 * 3.1 21.9 0.7 .......... -7.2 (-3.7) (-3.5) 0.1 0.2 4.4 0.3 16.5 1.5 0.6 26.6 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.9 1.5 0.8 2.0 12.2 4.6 0.2 1.6 0.3 * 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 2.5 * 2.3 22.9 0.7 -* -6.8 (-3.6) (-3.2) Total budget authority ........................................................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 5.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued Department or other unit 2015 2016 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Allowances ........................................................................................................................ Undistributed Offsetting Receipts ..................................................................................... (On-budget) ................................................................................................................. (Off-budget) ................................................................................................................. 0.1 0.2 3.8 0.4 15.1 2.3 0.7 27.7 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.9 12.9 4.3 0.1 1.7 0.2 0.1 -* 0.9 0.5 0.2 2.4 -* 2.4 22.8 0.8 .......... .......... -6.8 (-3.9) (-3.0) 0.1 0.2 4.2 0.3 15.0 1.9 0.7 28.2 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.9 13.1 4.1 0.2 1.5 0.2 * * 0.5 0.5 0.2 2.4 -* 2.4 22.3 0.7 * .......... -6.1 (-3.4) (-2.7) 0.1 0.2 3.4 0.2 15.2 2.8 0.7 27.4 1.2 1.3 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.9 13.7 4.3 0.2 1.4 0.2 * * 0.6 0.5 0.2 2.3 * 2.3 22.3 0.7 * -0.3 -5.9 (-3.4) (-2.5) 0.1 0.2 3.1 0.2 15.1 1.4 0.5 26.0 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.8 14.0 4.3 0.1 1.4 0.1 * * 0.5 0.4 0.2 2.3 * 2.1 22.8 0.7 * 3.7 -5.8 (-3.4) (-2.4) 0.1 0.2 3.0 0.2 13.9 1.5 0.5 28.3 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.7 1.1 0.4 1.8 15.5 4.5 0.1 1.5 0.1 * * 0.1 0.4 0.2 2.4 * 2.4 24.2 0.7 * -0.9 -5.5 (-3.1) (-2.4) 0.1 0.2 2.9 0.3 13.7 1.4 0.6 29.1 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.7 1.1 0.4 1.6 16.4 4.6 0.1 1.5 0.1 * * 0.1 0.4 0.2 2.4 * 2.5 24.8 0.7 * -3.0 -5.4 (-3.1) (-2.3) 0.1 0.2 2.8 0.2 13.5 1.4 0.5 29.5 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.7 1.1 0.4 1.5 17.3 4.6 0.1 1.5 0.1 * * 0.2 0.4 0.1 2.4 * 2.5 25.4 0.7 * -4.3 -5.2 (-3.0) (-2.2) 0.1 0.2 2.6 0.2 13.1 1.3 0.5 30.3 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.7 1.1 0.4 1.4 17.6 4.6 0.1 1.4 0.1 * * 0.2 0.4 0.1 2.4 * 2.6 25.6 0.7 * -4.9 -5.1 (-3.0) (-2.1) Total budget authority ........................................................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 5.4—DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022 (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... 934 346 4,527 1,737 95,740 8,249 5,260 8,005 2,094 21,551 2,858 2,049 7,821 1,191 4,627 4,316 4,920 2,177 64 772 70 282 6,023 3,552 715 134 621 485 1,086 5,563 226 87 1,026 358 22,965 3,015 1,400 1,664 529 167 1,006 532 1,103 456 783 1,903 1,213 659 13 189 18 55 938 932 168 34 31 126 279 2,707 1,055 429 5,246 7,820 108,146 9,674 7,653 9,048 2,479 33,057 4,026 2,185 15,046 1,471 4,229 3,793 5,600 2,481 36 2,764 79 339 6,820 3,876 776 147 1,068 526 1,181 5,769 1,077 453 5,781 1,897 114,688 10,097 11,274 10,274 3,000 37,320 4,837 2,192 5,934 1,725 4,880 4,480 6,237 2,778 35 5,499 78 168 8,314 4,244 863 152 3,555 573 1,292 6,243 1,114 514 6,132 2,092 124,052 11,650 10,867 11,023 3,133 30,218 5,019 2,291 13,054 1,982 7,201 3,157 6,743 2,782 38 5,403 83 361 10,461 4,743 911 159 2,081 603 1,365 6,780 1,297 600 6,693 2,619 141,346 11,717 6,778 13,640 3,977 33,326 4,950 2,234 11,220 2,282 8,367 16,289 7,026 3,249 57 4,669 101 326 9,623 5,350 987 164 2,145 658 1,451 8,096 1,226 647 7,504 2,080 176,598 11,409 13,437 14,206 3,665 31,543 4,781 2,063 10,830 2,449 11,260 2,032 7,568 3,093 61 3,026 104 394 13,799 5,634 1,022 170 1,355 719 1,635 6,649 1,379 723 6,955 1,840 212,203 10,689 12,985 13,896 4,229 18,839 4,499 2,278 6,479 2,631 11,197 3,202 8,464 2,990 60 3,676 93 306 10,489 6,200 996 139 748 780 1,905 4,697 Total discretionary budget authority ................................................... 197,766 44,583 246,819 259,940 276,016 311,237 340,959 355,567 Table 5.4—DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... 1,634 811 8,008 1,984 238,854 11,265 12,638 14,697 4,399 15,802 5,240 2,643 8,065 2,789 8,972 3,614 9,508 3,412 68 3,689 102 445 12,065 7,065 1,094 140 1,278 846 2,120 5,035 1,629 891 8,234 2,048 258,622 12,046 12,667 15,555 4,764 16,702 5,116 3,058 11,222 3,025 8,091 3,894 9,927 2,681 79 4,067 110 344 20,597 7,458 1,323 149 971 905 2,080 5,393 1,550 1,040 9,095 2,323 287,090 14,057 14,104 16,601 4,714 17,026 5,459 3,309 7,709 3,636 8,598 4,457 10,764 2,891 89 4,354 116 370 18,232 7,573 1,502 149 1,254 939 2,110 5,481 1,580 1,031 8,537 2,111 281,980 13,388 11,797 16,495 4,724 14,889 4,682 3,341 7,173 4,110 7,425 4,376 10,716 2,726 98 3,462 108 387 14,690 7,807 1,458 140 714 985 2,193 4,778 1,748 1,260 8,785 2,194 280,079 15,538 11,544 18,132 5,338 12,870 5,196 4,378 7,716 3,841 7,483 4,429 11,282 3,126 117 5,364 119 198 13,617 10,923 1,623 152 604 972 2,147 4,988 1,776 1,330 9,096 2,465 284,334 16,235 12,982 19,349 5,393 12,700 5,321 4,686 7,906 3,909 7,614 5,685 11,611 3,247 97 5,027 126 37 12,873 9,061 1,717 160 418 1,119 2,257 4,719 1,840 1,349 10,103 2,769 291,435 17,138 13,425 20,710 6,975 12,399 5,605 5,447 7,970 4,176 8,174 5,851 12,331 3,236 107 5,155 131 69 12,246 10,872 1,922 175 419 1,090 2,121 5,839 1,987 1,584 10,881 3,638 293,784 18,738 16,011 22,941 7,373 14,454 6,453 7,458 8,415 4,417 10,036 6,152 13,005 3,182 112 5,491 179 2,173 13,539 12,222 2,084 202 928 1,090 2,223 5,955 Total discretionary budget authority ................................................... 388,278 423,645 456,592 437,903 445,764 453,251 471,081 496,704 Table 5.4—DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... 2,218 1,911 11,699 2,690 319,660 21,184 18,070 26,657 6,480 23,301 6,957 7,337 9,025 4,947 10,310 6,716 14,087 3,302 108 6,094 184 1,942 14,262 14,015 2,316 201 464 1,415 2,399 6,148 2,337 2,207 15,376 3,082 286,359 22,869 19,024 28,747 11,157 22,838 7,139 8,253 10,034 5,832 11,209 7,328 15,260 3,656 115 6,645 202 300 12,616 14,316 2,573 211 1,577 1,321 2,540 6,269 2,313 2,367 15,507 3,221 262,551 23,853 19,253 30,134 9,010 24,170 7,047 8,676 9,954 6,194 10,430 7,691 16,194 3,842 120 6,923 237 535 24,512 14,309 2,734 242 925 1,476 2,640 6,234 2,302 2,510 16,717 3,898 250,403 24,709 18,718 32,958 12,430 24,049 7,457 8,729 10,630 6,662 11,396 7,976 17,151 3,915 117 6,645 236 545 11,459 14,568 3,018 233 1,894 1,781 2,828 6,659 2,395 2,659 15,423 4,090 252,407 24,664 17,164 33,311 11,140 19,566 7,224 11,289 9,378 5,742 8,083 8,127 17,577 3,330 114 5,971 184 77 11,840 13,853 3,227 218 792 2,390 2,325 6,862 2,158 2,803 15,200 3,664 253,739 21,698 16,407 33,161 11,314 20,252 7,057 13,333 9,366 5,431 9,523 7,930 17,757 3,362 114 6,525 204 85 10,695 13,885 3,219 193 815 1,892 3,135 6,042 2,246 3,004 15,553 3,821 253,987 26,637 16,521 34,398 13,369 15,042 7,326 14,800 10,250 5,530 10,361 7,735 18,865 4,110 113 6,800 217 366 10,598 13,709 3,271 194 854 2,147 3,451 5,933 2,320 3,195 15,665 4,167 259,826 29,752 16,793 37,112 11,096 19,744 8,064 15,681 10,705 5,584 9,648 8,614 18,895 4,171 131 7,366 246 -131 11,385 13,648 3,431 191 716 2,272 3,195 6,154 Total discretionary budget authority ................................................... 546,099 531,392 523,297 512,592 501,422 500,959 511,208 529,636 Table 5.4—DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... 2,626 3,397 16,316 5,381 274,680 28,766 17,759 41,436 13,241 22,163 7,964 16,217 10,979 8,320 10,449 9,372 19,213 4,093 135 7,590 428 298 30,956 13,654 3,675 188 830 2,333 3,144 6,236 2,531 3,669 16,951 8,667 287,280 29,362 17,745 45,366 14,537 21,111 8,462 16,117 8,761 7,776 10,416 9,241 20,850 4,119 134 7,572 272 -284 13,628 13,601 3,912 198 892 2,458 3,195 5,809 2,849 3,991 19,226 5,097 316,289 40,103 20,030 54,152 16,048 28,357 10,268 18,400 11,958 7,774 14,682 10,342 22,375 4,687 141 7,835 3,826 198 12,590 14,253 4,431 206 1,000 2,600 3,430 6,683 3,311 4,422 20,132 5,442 344,407 49,505 21,318 61,098 30,003 31,419 10,539 19,677 12,320 9,385 15,684 10,545 23,940 4,649 154 8,080 330 260 13,649 14,892 4,823 229 912 2,878 3,504 7,273 3,553 4,628 22,388 5,641 437,495 53,112 22,195 65,825 30,759 30,092 10,579 19,484 11,834 9,689 13,501 10,678 26,506 4,699 161 8,084 2,569 1,329 18,675 15,390 5,323 239 761 2,880 3,798 7,580 3,580 4,837 21,492 5,775 468,475 55,650 23,353 69,151 31,228 32,034 10,796 19,622 11,790 11,359 13,864 10,670 29,113 4,563 164 8,368 18,763 64 16,796 15,378 5,590 269 787 3,040 4,133 7,750 3,689 5,090 22,448 6,371 478,911 57,179 24,341 69,445 99,081 33,503 10,883 20,717 12,037 14,180 15,510 10,989 32,193 5,450 175 8,029 406 340 18,180 16,197 5,482 278 1,539 3,042 4,436 7,383 3,865 5,358 22,518 6,626 534,514 58,429 23,560 74,804 14,874 51,147 11,200 21,425 11,472 14,708 18,074 11,418 34,098 11,926 405 7,640 344 755 18,756 16,658 5,590 284 2,234 2,821 4,595 6,595 Total discretionary budget authority ................................................... 581,839 584,348 663,820 734,780 849,448 908,454 987,504 996,694 Table 5.4—DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... 3,920 5,590 25,306 6,580 600,941 57,843 23,744 70,763 39,445 37,044 11,024 22,975 11,682 16,400 15,750 11,479 38,148 6,996 153 7,726 336 164 20,149 16,284 5,923 295 573 2,997 4,683 7,132 234 4,047 5,838 26,118 7,882 665,965 57,227 24,085 72,233 50,005 47,149 11,634 23,564 11,768 22,113 16,572 12,189 43,636 9,013 166 7,463 292 328 18,420 17,213 6,094 300 1,635 3,064 5,015 8,383 237 4,571 6,080 32,201 17,297 666,398 155,408 70,633 110,544 45,318 53,699 14,287 30,110 17,698 26,380 67,912 12,942 49,202 16,499 198 14,853 375 6,420 24,254 18,784 9,492 224 1,345 4,332 5,297 9,024 253 4,754 6,437 27,632 13,409 690,469 64,132 24,974 84,573 45,537 42,898 12,158 27,906 13,550 29,369 21,780 13,431 53,078 5,739 281 10,257 433 277 24,854 18,725 6,873 243 1,786 3,483 5,811 9,156 258 4,609 6,474 23,164 5,629 687,025 68,346 25,693 77,276 42,138 37,144 11,684 26,990 12,456 26,153 16,931 13,449 56,434 4,946 220 8,681 385 -990 22,032 18,447 6,806 203 729 3,471 5,638 8,294 258 4,407 6,528 24,098 7,929 645,500 67,386 26,357 78,339 46,517 36,420 11,324 26,905 13,239 29,073 19,498 13,140 58,658 6,814 229 8,450 385 -807 24,059 17,769 7,032 238 918 3,650 5,815 7,511 255 4,127 6,196 23,187 7,643 577,469 65,708 24,723 74,626 55,833 38,040 11,654 25,399 11,861 28,679 29,419 12,299 61,309 9,940 303 8,471 365 -1,215 22,399 16,880 6,884 227 1,754 3,637 5,385 6,764 255 4,334 6,511 24,258 8,301 581,456 67,303 27,163 79,845 45,612 34,232 11,714 27,313 12,043 27,604 17,780 12,663 63,341 5,665 222 8,200 389 2,027 21,604 17,647 7,172 243 929 4,989 4,871 8,012 254 Total discretionary budget authority ................................................... 1,072,278 1,179,648 1,492,030 1,264,263 1,220,715 1,197,636 1,140,221 1,133,697 Table 5.4—DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Department or other unit 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2015 2016 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Allowances ........................................................................................................................ 4,369 6,690 25,029 8,584 560,442 66,947 27,388 83,421 46,535 30,384 12,173 26,294 11,946 28,305 17,905 12,215 65,100 5,567 217 8,140 401 -386 23,927 18,010 7,344 243 887 4,686 5,422 8,224 259 .......... 4,440 6,773 25,798 9,280 580,290 68,307 29,705 85,849 47,893 36,483 13,238 28,750 12,171 28,663 18,573 12,635 70,871 6,102 274 8,139 397 631 23,963 19,285 7,463 274 871 4,776 5,674 8,876 264 .......... 4,432 6,760 24,575 9,237 618,758 68,177 29,720 79,224 51,143 35,515 13,177 16,986 12,147 30,521 19,605 11,741 74,492 7,005 233 8,245 405 248 25,947 19,323 7,449 273 868 4,908 5,284 8,760 264 -13,587 5,037 7,220 18,019 7,776 639,114 58,989 23,348 66,820 50,858 31,211 11,740 16,402 9,742 22,450 16,236 11,221 78,841 5,002 233 5,653 406 510 17,582 19,092 6,654 312 826 5,185 5,341 5,621 249 -1,065 5,038 7,220 20,310 9,893 586,606 62,890 28,664 71,607 52,637 31,212 11,598 28,070 9,743 16,155 16,271 12,096 83,161 5,004 233 6,022 406 510 11,971 19,092 6,655 312 829 5,195 5,273 5,577 249 11,282 5,038 7,220 20,290 13,312 598,925 62,890 29,113 71,422 53,872 31,212 11,598 28,181 9,743 16,154 16,276 12,096 83,160 5,007 234 6,020 406 511 11,998 19,092 6,657 312 829 5,137 5,232 5,589 249 -19,861 5,038 7,220 20,280 7,900 611,503 62,890 29,564 71,357 55,339 31,212 11,613 28,294 9,743 16,152 5,874 12,094 83,161 5,010 234 6,020 406 510 12,007 19,092 6,659 312 829 5,125 5,242 5,601 249 -42,698 5,038 7,220 20,270 7,490 624,344 62,890 30,025 71,457 55,894 31,212 11,593 28,411 9,743 16,151 5,878 12,096 83,161 5,012 235 6,022 406 510 12,002 19,092 6,660 312 829 5,176 5,229 5,615 249 -66,691 Total discretionary budget authority ................................................... 1,116,668 1,166,708 1,181,835 1,146,625 1,131,781 1,117,914 1,093,832 1,083,531 Table 5.5—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022 Department or other unit 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.9 48.4 4.2 2.7 4.0 1.1 10.9 1.4 1.0 4.0 0.6 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.1 * 0.4 * 0.1 3.0 1.8 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 2.8 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.8 51.5 6.8 3.1 3.7 1.2 0.4 2.3 1.2 2.5 1.0 1.8 4.3 2.7 1.5 * 0.4 * 0.1 2.1 2.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 6.1 0.4 0.2 2.1 3.2 43.8 3.9 3.1 3.7 1.0 13.4 1.6 0.9 6.1 0.6 1.7 1.5 2.3 1.0 * 1.1 * 0.1 2.8 1.6 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 2.3 0.4 0.2 2.2 0.7 44.1 3.9 4.3 4.0 1.2 14.4 1.9 0.8 2.3 0.7 1.9 1.7 2.4 1.1 * 2.1 * 0.1 3.2 1.6 0.3 0.1 1.4 0.2 0.5 2.4 0.4 0.2 2.2 0.8 44.9 4.2 3.9 4.0 1.1 10.9 1.8 0.8 4.7 0.7 2.6 1.1 2.4 1.0 * 2.0 * 0.1 3.8 1.7 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.5 2.5 0.4 0.2 2.2 0.8 45.4 3.8 2.2 4.4 1.3 10.7 1.6 0.7 3.6 0.7 2.7 5.2 2.3 1.0 * 1.5 * 0.1 3.1 1.7 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.5 2.6 0.4 0.2 2.2 0.6 51.8 3.3 3.9 4.2 1.1 9.3 1.4 0.6 3.2 0.7 3.3 0.6 2.2 0.9 * 0.9 * 0.1 4.0 1.7 0.3 * 0.4 0.2 0.5 2.0 0.4 0.2 2.0 0.5 59.7 3.0 3.7 3.9 1.2 5.3 1.3 0.6 1.8 0.7 3.1 0.9 2.4 0.8 * 1.0 * 0.1 3.0 1.7 0.3 * 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.3 Total discretionary budget authority .................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 5.5—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued Department or other unit 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... 0.4 0.2 2.1 0.5 61.5 2.9 3.3 3.8 1.1 4.1 1.3 0.7 2.1 0.7 2.3 0.9 2.4 0.9 * 1.0 * 0.1 3.1 1.8 0.3 * 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.3 0.4 0.2 1.9 0.5 61.0 2.8 3.0 3.7 1.1 3.9 1.2 0.7 2.6 0.7 1.9 0.9 2.3 0.6 * 1.0 * 0.1 4.9 1.8 0.3 * 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.3 0.3 0.2 2.0 0.5 62.9 3.1 3.1 3.6 1.0 3.7 1.2 0.7 1.7 0.8 1.9 1.0 2.4 0.6 * 1.0 * 0.1 4.0 1.7 0.3 * 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.2 1.9 0.5 64.4 3.1 2.7 3.8 1.1 3.4 1.1 0.8 1.6 0.9 1.7 1.0 2.4 0.6 * 0.8 * 0.1 3.4 1.8 0.3 * 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.1 0.4 0.3 2.0 0.5 62.8 3.5 2.6 4.1 1.2 2.9 1.2 1.0 1.7 0.9 1.7 1.0 2.5 0.7 * 1.2 * * 3.1 2.5 0.4 * 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.1 0.4 0.3 2.0 0.5 62.7 3.6 2.9 4.3 1.2 2.8 1.2 1.0 1.7 0.9 1.7 1.3 2.6 0.7 * 1.1 * * 2.8 2.0 0.4 * 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.3 2.1 0.6 61.9 3.6 2.8 4.4 1.5 2.6 1.2 1.2 1.7 0.9 1.7 1.2 2.6 0.7 * 1.1 * * 2.6 2.3 0.4 * 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.3 2.2 0.7 59.1 3.8 3.2 4.6 1.5 2.9 1.3 1.5 1.7 0.9 2.0 1.2 2.6 0.6 * 1.1 * 0.4 2.7 2.5 0.4 * 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.2 Total discretionary budget authority .................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 5.5—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued Department or other unit 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... 0.4 0.3 2.1 0.5 58.5 3.9 3.3 4.9 1.2 4.3 1.3 1.3 1.7 0.9 1.9 1.2 2.6 0.6 * 1.1 * 0.4 2.6 2.6 0.4 * 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.4 0.4 2.9 0.6 53.9 4.3 3.6 5.4 2.1 4.3 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.1 2.1 1.4 2.9 0.7 * 1.3 * 0.1 2.4 2.7 0.5 * 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.5 3.0 0.6 50.2 4.6 3.7 5.8 1.7 4.6 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.2 2.0 1.5 3.1 0.7 * 1.3 * 0.1 4.7 2.7 0.5 * 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.5 3.3 0.8 48.9 4.8 3.7 6.4 2.4 4.7 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.3 2.2 1.6 3.3 0.8 * 1.3 * 0.1 2.2 2.8 0.6 * 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.5 3.1 0.8 50.3 4.9 3.4 6.6 2.2 3.9 1.4 2.3 1.9 1.1 1.6 1.6 3.5 0.7 * 1.2 * * 2.4 2.8 0.6 * 0.2 0.5 0.5 1.4 0.4 0.6 3.0 0.7 50.7 4.3 3.3 6.6 2.3 4.0 1.4 2.7 1.9 1.1 1.9 1.6 3.5 0.7 * 1.3 * * 2.1 2.8 0.6 * 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.6 3.0 0.7 49.7 5.2 3.2 6.7 2.6 2.9 1.4 2.9 2.0 1.1 2.0 1.5 3.7 0.8 * 1.3 * 0.1 2.1 2.7 0.6 * 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.2 0.4 0.6 3.0 0.8 49.1 5.6 3.2 7.0 2.1 3.7 1.5 3.0 2.0 1.1 1.8 1.6 3.6 0.8 * 1.4 * -* 2.1 2.6 0.6 * 0.1 0.4 0.6 1.2 Total discretionary budget authority .................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 5.5—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued Department or other unit 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... 0.5 0.6 2.8 0.9 47.2 4.9 3.1 7.1 2.3 3.8 1.4 2.8 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.6 3.3 0.7 * 1.3 0.1 0.1 5.3 2.3 0.6 * 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.4 0.6 2.9 1.5 49.2 5.0 3.0 7.8 2.5 3.6 1.4 2.8 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.6 3.6 0.7 * 1.3 * -* 2.3 2.3 0.7 * 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.6 2.9 0.8 47.6 6.0 3.0 8.2 2.4 4.3 1.5 2.8 1.8 1.2 2.2 1.6 3.4 0.7 * 1.2 0.6 * 1.9 2.1 0.7 * 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.6 2.7 0.7 46.9 6.7 2.9 8.3 4.1 4.3 1.4 2.7 1.7 1.3 2.1 1.4 3.3 0.6 * 1.1 * * 1.9 2.0 0.7 * 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.5 2.6 0.7 51.5 6.3 2.6 7.7 3.6 3.5 1.2 2.3 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.3 3.1 0.6 * 1.0 0.3 0.2 2.2 1.8 0.6 * 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.4 0.5 2.4 0.6 51.6 6.1 2.6 7.6 3.4 3.5 1.2 2.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 3.2 0.5 * 0.9 2.1 * 1.8 1.7 0.6 * 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.6 48.5 5.8 2.5 7.0 10.0 3.4 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.1 3.3 0.6 * 0.8 * * 1.8 1.6 0.6 * 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.7 53.6 5.9 2.4 7.5 1.5 5.1 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.1 3.4 1.2 * 0.8 * 0.1 1.9 1.7 0.6 * 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 Total discretionary budget authority .................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 5.5—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued Department or other unit 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... 0.4 0.5 2.4 0.6 56.0 5.4 2.2 6.6 3.7 3.5 1.0 2.1 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.1 3.6 0.7 * 0.7 * * 1.9 1.5 0.6 * 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.7 * 0.3 0.5 2.2 0.7 56.5 4.9 2.0 6.1 4.2 4.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.9 1.4 1.0 3.7 0.8 * 0.6 * * 1.6 1.5 0.5 * 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.7 * 0.3 0.4 2.2 1.2 44.7 10.4 4.7 7.4 3.0 3.6 1.0 2.0 1.2 1.8 4.6 0.9 3.3 1.1 * 1.0 * 0.4 1.6 1.3 0.6 * 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 * 0.4 0.5 2.2 1.1 54.6 5.1 2.0 6.7 3.6 3.4 1.0 2.2 1.1 2.3 1.7 1.1 4.2 0.5 * 0.8 * * 2.0 1.5 0.5 * 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 * 0.4 0.5 1.9 0.5 56.3 5.6 2.1 6.3 3.5 3.0 1.0 2.2 1.0 2.1 1.4 1.1 4.6 0.4 * 0.7 * -0.1 1.8 1.5 0.6 * 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 * 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.7 53.9 5.6 2.2 6.5 3.9 3.0 0.9 2.2 1.1 2.4 1.6 1.1 4.9 0.6 * 0.7 * -0.1 2.0 1.5 0.6 * 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 * 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.7 50.6 5.8 2.2 6.5 4.9 3.3 1.0 2.2 1.0 2.5 2.6 1.1 5.4 0.9 * 0.7 * -0.1 2.0 1.5 0.6 * 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 * 0.4 0.6 2.1 0.7 51.3 5.9 2.4 7.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 2.4 1.1 2.4 1.6 1.1 5.6 0.5 * 0.7 * 0.2 1.9 1.6 0.6 * 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.7 * Total discretionary budget authority .................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 5.5—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2022—Continued Department or other unit 2015 2016 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate Legislative Branch ............................................................................................................ Judicial Branch ................................................................................................................. Department of Agriculture ................................................................................................. Department of Commerce ................................................................................................ Department of Defense--Military Programs ...................................................................... Department of Education .................................................................................................. Department of Energy ...................................................................................................... Department of Health and Human Services .................................................................... Department of Homeland Security ................................................................................... Department of Housing and Urban Development ............................................................ Department of the Interior ................................................................................................ Department of Justice ....................................................................................................... Department of Labor ......................................................................................................... Department of State ......................................................................................................... Department of Transportation ........................................................................................... Department of the Treasury .............................................................................................. Department of Veterans Affairs ........................................................................................ Corps of Engineers--Civil Works ...................................................................................... Other Defense Civil Programs .......................................................................................... Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... Executive Office of the President ..................................................................................... General Services Administration ...................................................................................... International Assistance Programs ................................................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration .............................................................. National Science Foundation ........................................................................................... Office of Personnel Management ..................................................................................... Small Business Administration ......................................................................................... Social Security Administration (On-Budget) ..................................................................... Social Security Administration (Off-Budget) ..................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (On-Budget) ....................................................................... Other Independent Agencies (Off-Budget) ....................................................................... Allowances ........................................................................................................................ 0.4 0.6 2.2 0.8 50.2 6.0 2.5 7.5 4.2 2.7 1.1 2.4 1.1 2.5 1.6 1.1 5.8 0.5 * 0.7 * -* 2.1 1.6 0.7 * 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.7 * .......... 0.4 0.6 2.2 0.8 49.7 5.9 2.5 7.4 4.1 3.1 1.1 2.5 1.0 2.5 1.6 1.1 6.1 0.5 * 0.7 * 0.1 2.1 1.7 0.6 * 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.8 * .......... 0.4 0.6 2.1 0.8 52.4 5.8 2.5 6.7 4.3 3.0 1.1 1.4 1.0 2.6 1.7 1.0 6.3 0.6 * 0.7 * * 2.2 1.6 0.6 * 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.7 * -1.1 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.7 55.7 5.1 2.0 5.8 4.4 2.7 1.0 1.4 0.8 2.0 1.4 1.0 6.9 0.4 * 0.5 * * 1.5 1.7 0.6 * 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 * -0.1 0.4 0.6 1.8 0.9 51.8 5.6 2.5 6.3 4.7 2.8 1.0 2.5 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.1 7.3 0.4 * 0.5 * * 1.1 1.7 0.6 * 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 * 1.0 0.5 0.6 1.8 1.2 53.6 5.6 2.6 6.4 4.8 2.8 1.0 2.5 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.1 7.4 0.4 * 0.5 * * 1.1 1.7 0.6 * 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 * -1.8 0.5 0.7 1.9 0.7 55.9 5.7 2.7 6.5 5.1 2.9 1.1 2.6 0.9 1.5 0.5 1.1 7.6 0.5 * 0.6 * * 1.1 1.7 0.6 * 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 * -3.9 0.5 0.7 1.9 0.7 57.6 5.8 2.8 6.6 5.2 2.9 1.1 2.6 0.9 1.5 0.5 1.1 7.7 0.5 * 0.6 * * 1.1 1.8 0.6 * 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 * -6.2 Total discretionary budget authority .................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 0.05 percent or less. Table 5.6—BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976–2022 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 National defense: DoD-Military (051) ............................................................................................................... Other Defense .................................................................................................................... 95,740 1,828 22,965 491 108,146 2,216 114,688 2,661 124,052 2,828 141,346 3,156 176,598 3,846 212,203 4,976 Total national defense .......................................................................................... 97,567 23,455 110,362 117,349 126,880 144,502 180,443 217,179 8,410 1,557 9,514 11,033 13,303 12,874 17,555 14,222 1,037 3,227 244 850 1,129 3,498 1,270 3,807 1,344 4,223 1,456 4,790 1,526 5,108 1,524 5,683 Total general science, space and technology .......................................................... 4,264 1,094 4,627 5,076 5,567 6,246 6,634 7,208 Energy ................................................................................................................................. Natural resources and environment ................................................................................... Agriculture ........................................................................................................................... Commerce and housing credit ........................................................................................... Transportation: Ground transportation .................................................................................................... Air transportation ........................................................................................................... Water and other transportation ...................................................................................... 3,597 6,856 1,131 3,581 943 2,081 296 1,109 5,586 10,620 1,197 4,543 9,015 14,650 1,401 4,178 8,446 14,662 1,574 4,325 17,445 14,613 1,535 6,162 8,970 12,857 1,737 4,324 8,280 13,121 1,684 3,259 2,970 2,270 1,304 1,277 524 301 2,110 2,454 1,306 2,886 2,692 1,564 5,164 3,048 1,689 6,250 3,181 1,766 8,716 3,397 2,099 8,450 3,223 2,432 Nondefense: International affairs ............................................................................................................. General science, space and technology: General science and basic research ............................................................................. Space and other technology .......................................................................................... Total transportation ................................................................................................... 6,545 2,102 5,869 7,141 9,900 11,197 14,212 14,105 Community and regional development ............................................................................... Education, training, employment and social services: Education ....................................................................................................................... Training, employment and social services .................................................................... 4,166 460 12,245 9,838 8,967 9,804 7,715 6,267 8,835 9,260 3,317 1,339 10,508 16,328 11,030 7,428 12,607 15,039 12,660 12,632 12,421 12,155 11,698 7,305 Total education, training, employment and social services ...................................... 18,096 4,656 26,836 18,458 27,646 25,292 24,576 19,003 Health .................................................................................................................................. Medicare ............................................................................................................................. Income security: Housing assistance ....................................................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................................. 6,220 775 1,230 222 6,856 836 7,703 914 8,317 985 8,812 1,078 8,729 1,207 8,205 1,221 18,621 2,169 111 529 28,632 2,518 32,305 2,755 24,789 3,363 27,663 5,680 26,078 6,537 13,879 6,822 Total income security ................................................................................................ 20,790 641 31,150 35,060 28,152 33,344 32,615 20,701 Social security ..................................................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................................... Administration of justice ...................................................................................................... General government ........................................................................................................... 1,086 4,931 3,389 6,363 279 1,216 879 2,363 1,181 5,612 3,714 6,071 1,292 6,249 3,971 6,614 1,365 6,756 4,337 4,834 1,451 7,043 4,493 5,347 1,635 7,583 4,518 5,648 1,905 8,479 4,844 5,884 Total nondefense ................................................................................................. 100,199 21,127 136,457 142,591 149,136 166,736 160,515 138,388 Total discretionary budget authority ................................................................................... 197,766 44,583 246,819 259,940 276,016 311,237 340,959 355,567 See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.6—BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Category and Program 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 National defense: DoD-Military (051) ............................................................................................................... Other Defense .................................................................................................................... 238,854 6,118 258,622 6,963 287,090 7,763 281,980 7,645 280,079 7,881 284,334 8,163 291,435 8,633 293,784 10,162 Total national defense .......................................................................................... 244,972 265,584 294,853 289,625 287,960 292,497 300,067 303,946 16,017 25,170 24,057 20,279 18,800 18,079 18,537 20,027 1,627 6,517 1,957 6,858 2,223 6,925 2,107 7,165 2,324 10,198 2,521 8,322 2,835 10,001 3,167 11,359 Nondefense: International affairs ............................................................................................................. General science, space and technology: General science and basic research ............................................................................. Space and other technology .......................................................................................... Total general science, space and technology .......................................................... 8,145 8,815 9,148 9,272 12,522 10,843 12,836 14,526 Energy ................................................................................................................................. Natural resources and environment ................................................................................... Agriculture ........................................................................................................................... Commerce and housing credit ........................................................................................... Transportation: Ground transportation .................................................................................................... Air transportation ........................................................................................................... Water and other transportation ...................................................................................... 6,928 14,585 1,907 3,556 6,029 13,967 2,003 3,775 6,527 15,082 2,066 4,023 4,299 13,355 1,948 2,937 3,211 16,185 2,116 2,937 4,726 16,238 2,168 2,912 4,726 17,284 2,203 3,125 5,585 18,593 2,442 3,914 5,466 3,939 2,380 4,267 4,316 2,679 4,056 5,063 2,471 3,385 4,565 2,165 3,417 4,685 2,432 3,020 5,209 2,362 3,001 5,792 2,769 4,051 6,609 2,874 Total transportation ................................................................................................... 11,785 11,262 11,591 10,115 10,534 10,590 11,563 13,533 Community and regional development ............................................................................... Education, training, employment and social services: Education ....................................................................................................................... Training, employment and social services .................................................................... 7,602 6,611 6,232 5,766 5,657 5,451 6,063 7,311 12,338 8,580 13,092 11,864 15,167 8,805 14,438 8,147 16,717 8,823 17,397 9,320 18,355 9,505 19,939 10,088 Total education, training, employment and social services ...................................... 20,918 24,956 23,972 22,586 25,540 26,717 27,860 30,027 Health .................................................................................................................................. Medicare ............................................................................................................................. Income security: Housing assistance ....................................................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................................. 8,795 1,369 9,343 1,553 10,310 1,656 10,344 1,719 12,141 1,724 12,958 2,206 14,262 2,276 16,078 2,361 10,028 7,915 11,401 8,083 12,617 7,712 10,751 7,840 8,568 7,772 8,650 7,679 9,012 7,702 10,788 8,327 Total income security ................................................................................................ 17,943 19,484 20,329 18,591 16,339 16,329 16,714 19,115 Social security ..................................................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................................... Administration of justice ...................................................................................................... General government ........................................................................................................... 2,120 9,526 5,468 6,644 2,080 9,946 6,152 6,915 2,110 10,783 6,781 7,072 2,193 10,742 6,828 7,305 2,147 11,313 8,657 7,981 2,257 11,631 9,180 8,469 2,121 12,363 10,055 9,025 2,223 13,037 12,555 11,431 Total nondefense ................................................................................................. 143,306 158,061 161,739 148,278 157,804 160,754 171,013 192,758 Total discretionary budget authority ................................................................................... 388,278 423,645 456,592 437,903 445,764 453,251 471,081 496,704 See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.6—BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Category and Program 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 National defense: DoD-Military (051) ............................................................................................................... Other Defense .................................................................................................................... 319,660 12,568 286,284 12,832 262,330 13,779 250,403 11,843 252,407 10,530 253,739 11,447 253,987 12,261 259,826 12,590 Total national defense .......................................................................................... 332,228 299,115 276,109 262,246 262,937 265,186 266,248 272,416 Nondefense: International affairs ............................................................................................................. General science, space and technology: General science and basic research ............................................................................. Space and other technology .......................................................................................... 21,321 20,927 33,257 20,854 20,166 18,122 18,150 18,991 3,454 13,046 4,105 13,199 4,149 13,063 4,558 13,022 4,132 12,543 4,121 12,570 4,184 12,456 5,627 12,321 Total general science, space and technology .......................................................... 16,500 17,304 17,212 17,580 16,675 16,691 16,640 17,948 Energy ................................................................................................................................. Natural resources and environment ................................................................................... Agriculture ........................................................................................................................... Commerce and housing credit ........................................................................................... Transportation: Ground transportation .................................................................................................... Air transportation ........................................................................................................... Water and other transportation ...................................................................................... 5,436 19,615 2,809 2,825 5,833 21,288 4,243 3,429 5,832 21,395 4,013 2,482 6,381 22,381 4,183 1,442 6,230 20,419 3,844 3,061 4,893 20,639 4,075 2,248 4,212 22,378 4,092 1,395 3,077 23,405 4,214 446 3,443 7,332 2,890 3,703 8,104 3,154 2,575 8,307 3,077 3,883 8,430 3,384 3,067 5,985 3,433 2,453 7,987 3,157 2,899 8,328 3,276 2,051 8,687 3,238 Total transportation ................................................................................................... 13,665 14,962 13,959 15,697 12,485 13,597 14,503 13,976 Community and regional development ............................................................................... Education, training, employment and social services: Education ....................................................................................................................... Training, employment and social services .................................................................... 5,892 11,384 9,655 15,394 12,090 11,707 13,114 10,366 22,861 10,945 24,446 11,906 25,485 12,652 26,355 14,254 26,413 13,465 23,234 13,284 28,193 14,660 31,350 15,382 Total education, training, employment and social services ...................................... 33,806 36,352 38,137 40,608 39,878 36,518 42,853 46,732 Health .................................................................................................................................. Medicare ............................................................................................................................. Income security: Housing assistance ....................................................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................................. 18,169 2,566 19,560 2,860 20,697 2,829 22,193 2,962 22,814 3,028 23,303 2,939 25,086 2,623 26,386 2,723 19,603 10,155 19,702 10,900 21,122 11,036 21,100 12,098 15,314 12,200 16,410 11,347 11,661 11,026 17,449 12,312 Total income security ................................................................................................ 29,758 30,602 32,158 33,198 27,514 27,757 22,687 29,761 Social security ..................................................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................................... Administration of justice ...................................................................................................... General government ........................................................................................................... 2,399 14,124 12,906 12,079 2,540 15,298 14,499 11,197 2,640 16,235 14,852 11,836 2,828 17,193 15,454 11,999 2,325 17,618 18,650 11,688 3,135 17,801 21,056 11,292 3,451 18,908 23,395 11,473 3,195 18,943 25,385 11,672 Total nondefense ................................................................................................. 213,872 232,277 247,189 250,346 238,485 235,773 244,960 257,220 Total discretionary budget authority ................................................................................... 546,099 531,392 523,297 512,592 501,422 500,959 511,208 529,636 See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.6—BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Category and Program 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 National defense: DoD-Military (051) ............................................................................................................... Other Defense .................................................................................................................... 274,680 13,630 287,280 13,487 316,289 15,431 344,407 16,416 437,495 17,487 467,598 18,059 478,911 20,908 534,490 22,004 Total national defense .......................................................................................... 288,310 300,767 331,720 360,823 454,982 485,657 499,819 556,494 Nondefense: International affairs ............................................................................................................. General science, space and technology: General science and basic research ............................................................................. Space and other technology .......................................................................................... 41,506 23,459 24,179 25,167 33,483 49,333 34,727 35,882 6,329 12,460 6,658 12,541 7,574 13,327 8,016 13,901 8,561 14,386 9,045 14,321 9,002 15,243 9,156 15,765 Total general science, space and technology .......................................................... 18,789 19,199 20,901 21,917 22,947 23,366 24,245 24,921 Energy ................................................................................................................................. Natural resources and environment ................................................................................... Agriculture ........................................................................................................................... Commerce and housing credit ........................................................................................... Transportation: Ground transportation .................................................................................................... Air transportation ........................................................................................................... Water and other transportation ...................................................................................... 2,861 23,800 4,368 774 2,705 24,633 4,587 5,112 3,183 29,054 5,014 1,413 3,247 29,614 5,634 603 3,243 30,139 6,180 -299 3,586 31,134 5,838 -13 3,831 31,885 5,916 2,620 3,787 38,031 6,147 1,863 2,340 9,046 3,761 2,011 9,207 3,953 4,928 10,922 3,813 4,810 14,106 4,483 2,958 17,790 5,836 2,894 14,890 5,770 4,450 15,194 5,823 6,673 15,645 6,485 Total transportation ................................................................................................... 15,147 15,171 19,663 23,399 26,584 23,554 25,467 28,803 Community and regional development ............................................................................... Education, training, employment and social services: Education ....................................................................................................................... Training, employment and social services .................................................................... 11,122 12,202 14,342 22,721 16,402 17,435 82,402 14,048 30,511 16,172 31,104 13,307 42,168 19,169 51,550 19,764 55,309 19,809 57,965 20,214 59,594 20,622 60,898 20,057 Total education, training, employment and social services ...................................... 46,683 44,411 61,337 71,314 75,118 78,179 80,216 80,955 Health .................................................................................................................................. Medicare ............................................................................................................................. Income security: Housing assistance ....................................................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................................. 30,209 2,803 33,823 2,998 38,891 3,323 45,787 3,805 49,395 3,795 51,713 5,350 54,516 4,000 56,489 4,912 20,377 12,377 18,077 13,489 25,100 14,626 26,945 15,748 28,771 15,484 29,576 15,634 29,108 16,666 31,170 16,526 Total income security ................................................................................................ 32,754 31,566 39,726 42,692 44,256 45,210 45,774 47,696 Social security ..................................................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................................... Administration of justice ...................................................................................................... General government ........................................................................................................... 3,144 19,261 27,137 13,171 3,195 20,904 27,710 11,906 3,430 22,459 31,078 14,107 3,504 24,043 35,434 15,075 3,797 26,614 35,741 17,071 4,133 29,231 37,882 16,866 4,436 32,324 39,417 15,908 4,633 34,205 41,118 16,710 Total nondefense ................................................................................................. 293,529 283,581 332,100 373,956 394,466 422,798 487,684 440,200 Total discretionary budget authority ................................................................................... 581,839 584,348 663,820 734,780 849,448 908,454 987,504 996,694 See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.6—BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Category and Program 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 National defense: DoD-Military (051) ............................................................................................................... Other Defense .................................................................................................................... 600,906 21,448 665,962 19,934 666,355 28,421 690,469 23,589 687,025 23,111 645,500 24,089 577,469 22,902 581,456 24,734 Total national defense .......................................................................................... 622,354 685,896 694,776 714,058 710,136 669,589 600,371 606,190 Nondefense: International affairs ............................................................................................................. General science, space and technology: General science and basic research ............................................................................. Space and other technology .......................................................................................... 39,108 43,219 53,433 57,028 50,360 54,341 51,886 50,902 9,692 15,580 10,109 16,580 15,880 18,134 11,769 18,228 11,635 17,913 11,898 17,200 11,498 16,350 12,235 17,081 Total general science, space and technology .......................................................... 25,272 26,689 34,014 29,997 29,548 29,098 27,848 29,316 Energy ................................................................................................................................. Natural resources and environment ................................................................................... Agriculture ........................................................................................................................... Commerce and housing credit ........................................................................................... Transportation: Ground transportation .................................................................................................... Air transportation ........................................................................................................... Water and other transportation ...................................................................................... 4,135 32,849 8,715 1,832 5,010 37,024 6,597 3,200 42,773 55,562 6,509 15,714 3,719 36,773 7,329 7,050 4,639 33,104 5,805 -5,661 4,709 34,815 5,883 -2,050 4,117 38,969 5,552 -15,065 5,032 34,586 5,981 -6,340 4,188 15,833 7,328 4,681 16,314 7,759 50,976 19,556 8,662 8,584 18,522 8,950 3,825 18,346 9,208 6,295 18,598 8,881 16,819 17,316 8,772 4,629 18,139 8,587 Total transportation ................................................................................................... 27,349 28,754 79,194 36,056 31,379 33,774 42,907 31,355 Community and regional development ............................................................................... Education, training, employment and social services: Education ....................................................................................................................... Training, employment and social services .................................................................... 17,866 37,773 23,398 21,458 14,915 18,548 44,593 16,808 60,253 20,221 59,824 20,205 157,576 30,331 67,163 22,318 71,143 20,655 70,195 21,425 68,396 20,271 70,106 21,624 Total education, training, employment and social services ...................................... 80,474 80,029 187,907 89,481 91,798 91,620 88,667 91,730 Health .................................................................................................................................. Medicare ............................................................................................................................. Income security: Housing assistance ....................................................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................................. 52,434 4,869 53,403 4,939 83,148 5,680 58,537 6,246 54,593 6,003 56,153 6,312 53,249 5,983 56,455 6,200 34,329 16,560 35,040 18,194 48,570 26,324 42,271 23,409 41,647 21,883 39,769 22,104 39,177 20,743 42,556 23,106 Total income security ................................................................................................ 50,888 53,234 74,894 65,680 63,530 61,873 59,920 65,662 Social security ..................................................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................................... Administration of justice ...................................................................................................... General government ........................................................................................................... 4,683 38,270 44,551 16,629 5,015 43,778 47,737 17,351 6,387 49,381 54,731 24,529 5,764 53,274 52,975 18,838 5,638 56,633 51,063 17,232 5,815 58,865 51,424 16,867 5,385 61,610 48,862 15,367 4,871 63,547 52,213 19,189 Total nondefense ................................................................................................. 449,924 493,752 797,254 550,205 510,579 528,047 539,850 527,507 Total discretionary budget authority ................................................................................... 1,072,278 1,179,648 1,492,030 1,264,263 1,220,715 1,197,636 1,140,221 1,133,697 See footnotes at end of table. Table 5.6—BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Category and Program 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 2015 2016 National defense: DoD-Military (051) ............................................................................................................... Other Defense .................................................................................................................... 560,442 25,444 580,290 26,555 618,758 27,123 639,114 28,451 638,606 29,394 637,925 30,075 635,503 30,497 634,344 30,656 Total national defense .......................................................................................... 585,886 606,845 645,881 667,565 668,000 668,000 666,000 665,000 Nondefense: International affairs ............................................................................................................. General science, space and technology: General science and basic research ............................................................................. Space and other technology .......................................................................................... 54,180 55,027 58,968 40,061 28,301 28,327 28,334 28,329 12,408 17,368 12,814 18,651 12,718 18,684 11,056 18,468 11,056 18,468 11,056 18,468 11,056 18,468 11,056 18,468 Total general science, space and technology .......................................................... 29,776 31,465 31,402 29,524 29,524 29,524 29,524 29,524 Energy ................................................................................................................................. Natural resources and environment ................................................................................... Agriculture ........................................................................................................................... Commerce and housing credit ........................................................................................... Transportation: Ground transportation .................................................................................................... Air transportation ........................................................................................................... Water and other transportation ...................................................................................... 4,490 34,610 6,946 -10,055 5,599 37,620 6,192 -5,693 5,680 37,964 6,156 -8,081 -1,614 29,619 5,303 -4,939 3,168 30,249 5,541 -2,861 3,166 30,246 5,539 547 3,160 30,262 5,538 -4,865 3,152 30,243 5,539 -5,277 4,727 17,782 8,566 4,854 18,306 9,367 6,104 18,282 9,414 3,280 17,052 9,033 3,280 16,892 9,064 3,280 16,878 9,076 3,280 6,456 9,091 3,280 6,441 9,111 Total transportation ................................................................................................... 31,075 32,527 33,800 29,365 29,236 29,234 18,827 18,832 Community and regional development ............................................................................... Education, training, employment and social services: Education ....................................................................................................................... Training, employment and social services .................................................................... 17,489 18,502 19,317 12,466 13,472 13,472 13,472 13,472 69,975 21,729 71,536 22,679 71,389 22,747 61,452 18,490 65,229 18,494 65,229 18,494 65,229 18,494 65,229 18,494 Total education, training, employment and social services ...................................... 91,704 94,215 94,136 79,942 83,723 83,723 83,723 83,723 Health .................................................................................................................................. Medicare ............................................................................................................................. Income security: Housing assistance ....................................................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................................. 59,378 6,553 60,603 6,605 53,341 6,812 46,143 6,480 50,902 6,507 50,690 6,534 50,597 6,562 50,673 6,586 42,483 22,661 44,383 22,939 44,305 23,261 41,010 17,801 41,025 19,194 41,025 19,140 41,025 19,126 41,025 19,177 Total income security ................................................................................................ 65,144 67,322 67,566 58,811 60,219 60,165 60,151 60,202 Social security ..................................................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................................... Administration of justice ...................................................................................................... General government ........................................................................................................... Allowances .......................................................................................................................... 5,422 65,309 52,021 16,740 .......... 5,674 71,128 55,170 17,907 .......... 5,284 74,708 45,568 17,507 -14,174 5,341 79,067 46,108 18,448 -1,065 5,273 83,387 59,713 18,324 -40,897 5,232 83,386 60,908 18,325 -59,104 5,242 83,387 62,332 18,322 -66,736 5,229 83,387 62,841 18,324 -76,248 Total nondefense ................................................................................................. 530,782 559,863 535,954 479,060 463,781 449,914 427,832 418,531 Total discretionary budget authority ................................................................................... 1,116,668 1,166,708 1,181,835 1,146,625 1,131,781 1,117,914 1,093,832 1,083,531 Note: Due to the effects of the Credit Reform Act of 1990 on the measurement and classification of Federal credit activities, the discretionary budget authority for these programs for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to that for 1992 and beyond. Due to the effects of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 and subsequent comparable redefinitions on the measurement and classification as budget authority of the obligation limitations of certain special and trust funds, the discretionary budget authority for these programs for years prior to 1990 is not strictly comparable to that for 1990 and beyond. Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2022 Category 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 In millions of current dollars: Total outlays .................................................................................. 9,468 13,653 35,137 78,555 91,304 92,712 55,232 34,496 29,764 38,835 National defense ....................................................................... Nondefense: Payments for individuals .......................................................... Direct payments 2 .............................................................. Grants to State and local governments .............................. All other grants ......................................................................... Net Interest 2 ........................................................................... All other 2 ................................................................................ Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................... 1,660 6,435 25,658 66,699 79,143 82,965 42,681 12,808 9,105 13,150 2,071 (1,774) (298) 574 899 4,581 -317 2,460 (2,104) (356) 491 943 3,871 -547 2,456 (2,046) (410) 482 1,052 6,383 -894 2,414 (1,984) (430) 484 1,529 8,650 -1,221 2,331 (1,822) (509) 401 2,219 8,530 -1,320 2,387 (1,894) (493) 366 3,112 5,271 -1,389 5,828 (5,309) (518) 300 4,111 3,780 -1,468 9,691 (8,560) (1,131) 473 4,204 8,872 -1,552 8,982 (8,101) (881) 731 4,341 8,249 -1,643 9,903 (8,851) (1,052) 824 4,523 12,213 -1,779 Total nondefense ................................................................ 7,808 7,218 9,479 11,856 12,161 9,747 12,551 21,688 20,659 25,685 Total outlays .................................................................................. 135.8 177.5 402.9 814.9 1,029.4 1,111.7 656.0 360.8 299.4 405.4 National defense ....................................................................... Nondefense: Payments for individuals .......................................................... Direct payments 2 .............................................................. Grants to State and local governments .............................. All other grants ......................................................................... Net Interest 2 ........................................................................... All other 2 ................................................................................ Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................... 25.5 80.3 262.9 638.3 862.1 993.6 532.8 147.9 112.1 162.3 26.3 (22.5) (3.8) 11.6 11.1 68.0 -6.6 30.2 (25.8) (4.4) 11.0 11.2 56.3 -11.5 27.5 (22.9) (4.6) 11.0 11.7 107.3 -17.6 24.4 (20.1) (4.3) 10.3 15.9 148.1 -21.9 22.0 (17.2) (4.8) 8.1 22.3 136.7 -21.5 21.4 (17.0) (4.4) 7.3 30.5 79.5 -21.5 49.6 (45.1) (4.4) 5.4 37.5 52.6 -21.8 76.7 (67.7) (9.0) 3.6 34.6 119.7 -21.8 65.1 (58.7) (6.4) 9.7 32.6 101.1 -21.3 69.8 (62.4) (7.4) 10.4 32.9 153.6 -23.7 Total nondefense ................................................................ 110.4 97.1 139.8 176.7 167.5 117.3 123.2 212.8 187.3 243.2 Total outlays .................................................................................. 9.6 11.7 23.8 42.6 42.7 41.0 24.2 14.4 11.3 14.0 National defense ....................................................................... Nondefense: Payments for individuals .......................................................... Direct payments 2 .............................................................. Grants to State and local governments .............................. All other grants ......................................................................... Net Interest 2 ........................................................................... All other 2 ................................................................................ Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................... 1.7 5.5 17.4 36.1 37.0 36.6 18.7 5.4 3.5 4.8 2.1 1.8 0.3 0.6 0.9 4.7 -0.3 2.1 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.8 3.3 -0.5 1.7 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.7 4.3 -0.6 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 4.7 -0.7 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.2 1.0 4.0 -0.6 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.2 1.4 2.3 -0.6 2.6 2.3 0.2 0.1 1.8 1.7 -0.6 4.1 3.6 0.5 0.2 1.8 3.7 -0.6 3.4 3.1 0.3 0.3 1.7 3.1 -0.6 3.6 3.2 0.4 0.3 1.6 4.4 -0.6 Total nondefense ................................................................ 8.0 6.2 6.4 6.4 5.7 4.3 5.5 9.1 7.9 9.3 Addendum: GDP ($ billions) ......................................................... 98.2 116.2 147.7 184.6 213.8 226.4 228.0 238.9 262.4 276.8 Total outlays .................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 National defense 1 ....................................................................... Nondefense: Payments for individuals .......................................................... Direct payments 2 .............................................................. Grants to State and local governments .............................. All other grants ......................................................................... Net Interest 2 ........................................................................... All other 2 ................................................................................ Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................... 17.5 47.1 73.0 84.9 86.7 89.5 77.3 37.1 30.6 33.9 21.9 18.7 3.1 6.1 9.5 48.4 -3.4 18.0 15.4 2.6 3.6 6.9 28.4 -4.0 7.0 5.8 1.2 1.4 3.0 18.2 -2.5 3.1 2.5 0.5 0.6 1.9 11.0 -1.6 2.6 2.0 0.6 0.4 2.4 9.3 -1.4 2.6 2.0 0.5 0.4 3.4 5.7 -1.5 10.6 9.6 0.9 0.5 7.4 6.8 -2.7 28.1 24.8 3.3 1.4 12.2 25.7 -4.5 30.2 27.2 3.0 2.5 14.6 27.7 -5.5 25.5 22.8 2.7 2.1 11.6 31.4 -4.6 Total nondefense ................................................................ 82.5 52.9 27.0 15.1 13.3 10.5 22.7 62.9 69.4 66.1 1 In billions of constant (FY 2009) dollars: 1 As percentages of GDP: 1 As percentages of outlays: See footnotes at end of table. Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2022—Continued Category 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 In millions of current dollars: Total outlays .................................................................................. 42,562 45,514 67,686 76,101 70,855 68,444 70,640 76,578 82,405 92,098 National defense ....................................................................... Nondefense: Payments for individuals .......................................................... Direct payments 2 .............................................................. Grants to State and local governments .............................. All other grants ......................................................................... Net Interest 2 ........................................................................... All other 2 ................................................................................ Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................... 13,724 23,566 46,089 52,802 49,266 42,729 42,523 45,430 46,815 49,015 13,508 (12,192) (1,316) 937 4,812 11,397 -1,817 10,411 (8,979) (1,432) 855 4,665 8,349 -2,332 11,098 (9,648) (1,450) 982 4,701 8,192 -3,377 11,054 (9,454) (1,600) 1,222 5,156 9,438 -3,571 12,259 (10,557) (1,702) 1,340 4,811 6,576 -3,397 14,163 (12,465) (1,698) 1,499 4,850 8,696 -3,493 15,216 (13,485) (1,731) 1,820 5,079 9,590 -3,589 17,091 (15,215) (1,876) 2,089 5,354 10,761 -4,146 20,959 (18,728) (2,232) 2,659 5,604 10,753 -4,385 22,844 (20,332) (2,512) 3,940 5,762 15,150 -4,613 Total nondefense ................................................................ 28,838 21,948 21,597 23,299 21,589 25,715 28,117 31,148 35,590 43,083 Total outlays .................................................................................. 423.5 451.1 672.8 704.6 637.2 594.6 587.7 607.3 617.3 662.1 National defense ....................................................................... Nondefense: Payments for individuals .......................................................... Direct payments 2 .............................................................. Grants to State and local governments .............................. All other grants ......................................................................... Net Interest 2 ........................................................................... All other 2 ................................................................................ Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................... 167.8 272.1 511.5 531.7 488.3 409.7 384.8 391.3 385.0 377.6 96.5 (87.1) (9.4) 12.5 35.5 134.4 -23.0 70.4 (60.7) (9.7) 9.6 32.7 96.4 -30.0 72.2 (62.8) (9.5) 10.9 31.7 86.8 -40.3 70.9 (60.6) (10.3) 13.0 34.1 95.0 -40.3 77.6 (66.8) (10.8) 14.8 31.4 62.0 -37.0 89.7 (78.9) (10.8) 16.3 31.5 84.6 -37.0 95.2 (84.4) (10.8) 19.4 32.1 93.7 -37.6 104.0 (92.5) (11.4) 20.5 32.6 101.5 -42.5 123.9 (110.7) (13.2) 23.6 33.1 93.5 -42.0 133.1 (118.5) (14.6) 32.9 33.6 127.2 -42.1 Total nondefense ................................................................ 255.9 179.0 161.3 172.7 148.9 185.0 202.9 216.2 232.2 284.8 Total outlays .................................................................................. 15.3 13.9 18.9 19.9 18.3 16.8 16.1 16.5 17.4 18.2 National defense ....................................................................... Nondefense: Payments for individuals .......................................................... Direct payments 2 .............................................................. Grants to State and local governments .............................. All other grants ......................................................................... Net Interest 2 ........................................................................... All other 2 ................................................................................ Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................... 4.9 7.2 12.9 13.8 12.7 10.5 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.7 4.8 4.4 0.5 0.3 1.7 4.1 -0.7 3.2 2.7 0.4 0.3 1.4 2.6 -0.7 3.1 2.7 0.4 0.3 1.3 2.3 -0.9 2.9 2.5 0.4 0.3 1.3 2.5 -0.9 3.2 2.7 0.4 0.3 1.2 1.7 -0.9 3.5 3.1 0.4 0.4 1.2 2.1 -0.9 3.5 3.1 0.4 0.4 1.2 2.2 -0.8 3.7 3.3 0.4 0.5 1.2 2.3 -0.9 4.4 3.9 0.5 0.6 1.2 2.3 -0.9 4.5 4.0 0.5 0.8 1.1 3.0 -0.9 Total nondefense ................................................................ 10.3 6.7 6.0 6.1 5.6 6.3 6.4 6.7 7.5 8.5 Addendum: GDP ($ billions) ......................................................... 279.0 327.4 357.5 382.5 387.7 407.0 439.0 464.2 474.3 505.6 Total outlays .................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 National defense 1 ....................................................................... Nondefense: Payments for individuals .......................................................... Direct payments 2 .............................................................. Grants to State and local governments .............................. All other grants ......................................................................... Net Interest 2 ........................................................................... All other 2 ................................................................................ Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................... 32.2 51.8 68.1 69.4 69.5 62.4 60.2 59.3 56.8 53.2 31.7 28.6 3.1 2.2 11.3 26.8 -4.3 22.9 19.7 3.1 1.9 10.2 18.3 -5.1 16.4 14.3 2.1 1.5 6.9 12.1 -5.0 14.5 12.4 2.1 1.6 6.8 12.4 -4.7 17.3 14.9 2.4 1.9 6.8 9.3 -4.8 20.7 18.2 2.5 2.2 7.1 12.7 -5.1 21.5 19.1 2.5 2.6 7.2 13.6 -5.1 22.3 19.9 2.4 2.7 7.0 14.1 -5.4 25.4 22.7 2.7 3.2 6.8 13.0 -5.3 24.8 22.1 2.7 4.3 6.3 16.5 -5.0 Total nondefense ................................................................ 67.8 48.2 31.9 30.6 30.5 37.6 39.8 40.7 43.2 46.8 1 In billions of constant (FY 2009) dollars: 1 As percentages of GDP: 1 As percentages of outlays: See footnotes at end of table. Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2022—Continued Category 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 In millions of current dollars: Total outlays .................................................................................. 92,191 97,723 106,821 111,316 118,528 118,228 134,532 157,464 178,134 183,640 National defense ....................................................................... Nondefense: Payments for individuals .......................................................... Direct payments 2 .............................................................. Grants to State and local governments .............................. All other grants ......................................................................... Net Interest 2 ........................................................................... All other 2 ................................................................................ Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................... 48,130 49,601 52,345 53,400 54,757 50,620 58,111 71,417 81,926 82,497 24,258 (21,632) (2,625) 4,389 6,947 13,287 -4,820 27,638 (24,862) (2,775) 4,339 6,716 14,236 -4,807 29,426 (26,311) (3,114) 4,795 6,889 18,641 -5,274 31,592 (28,128) (3,464) 5,097 7,740 19,283 -5,797 32,821 (29,072) (3,748) 6,381 8,199 22,078 -5,708 33,441 (29,527) (3,914) 6,962 8,591 24,522 -5,908 37,629 (33,126) (4,503) 8,359 9,386 27,590 -6,542 43,845 (38,817) (5,028) 10,178 10,268 29,050 -7,294 50,498 (44,152) (6,346) 12,177 11,090 30,488 -8,045 57,842 (50,318) (7,524) 12,605 12,699 25,982 -7,986 Total nondefense ................................................................ 44,061 48,122 54,477 57,915 63,771 67,608 76,421 86,047 96,208 101,143 Total outlays .................................................................................. 653.4 677.2 739.2 738.7 774.2 761.3 842.9 964.9 1,053.4 1,021.4 National defense ....................................................................... Nondefense: Payments for individuals .......................................................... Direct payments 2 .............................................................. Grants to State and local governments .............................. All other grants ......................................................................... Net Interest 2 ........................................................................... All other 2 ................................................................................ Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................... 374.3 378.9 399.0 390.1 394.5 365.2 400.5 476.7 522.5 497.9 138.8 (123.8) (15.0) 36.5 39.9 108.1 -44.3 156.0 (140.3) (15.7) 36.7 38.1 109.9 -42.1 164.5 (147.1) (17.4) 40.3 38.6 141.8 -45.3 174.6 (155.4) (19.2) 41.4 42.9 138.1 -48.2 178.9 (158.4) (20.4) 51.0 44.9 151.0 -46.0 179.6 (158.6) (21.0) 54.1 46.2 161.0 -45.1 198.6 (174.8) (23.8) 66.6 49.4 176.2 -48.2 225.3 (199.5) (25.8) 79.9 52.5 182.8 -52.5 251.7 (220.1) (31.7) 92.3 54.8 187.6 -55.8 276.6 (240.6) (36.0) 90.0 60.0 148.7 -51.8 Total nondefense ................................................................ 279.0 298.5 339.8 348.7 379.8 396.1 442.5 488.1 530.7 523.5 Total outlays .................................................................................. 17.2 17.8 18.2 18.0 17.9 16.6 17.2 18.8 19.8 18.7 National defense ....................................................................... Nondefense: Payments for individuals .......................................................... Direct payments 2 .............................................................. Grants to State and local governments .............................. All other grants ......................................................................... Net Interest 2 ........................................................................... All other 2 ................................................................................ Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................... 9.0 9.1 8.9 8.6 8.3 7.1 7.4 8.5 9.1 8.4 4.5 4.0 0.5 0.8 1.3 2.5 -0.9 5.0 4.5 0.5 0.8 1.2 2.6 -0.9 5.0 4.5 0.5 0.8 1.2 3.2 -0.9 5.1 4.5 0.6 0.8 1.2 3.1 -0.9 5.0 4.4 0.6 1.0 1.2 3.3 -0.9 4.7 4.2 0.6 1.0 1.2 3.5 -0.8 4.8 4.2 0.6 1.1 1.2 3.5 -0.8 5.2 4.6 0.6 1.2 1.2 3.5 -0.9 5.6 4.9 0.7 1.4 1.2 3.4 -0.9 5.9 5.1 0.8 1.3 1.3 2.6 -0.8 Total nondefense ................................................................ 8.2 8.8 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.5 9.8 10.3 10.7 10.3 Addendum: GDP ($ billions) ......................................................... 535.1 547.6 586.9 619.3 662.9 710.7 781.9 838.2 899.3 982.3 Total outlays .................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 National defense 1 ....................................................................... Nondefense: Payments for individuals .......................................................... Direct payments 2 .............................................................. Grants to State and local governments .............................. All other grants ......................................................................... Net Interest 2 ........................................................................... All other 2 ................................................................................ Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................... 52.2 50.8 49.0 48.0 46.2 42.8 43.2 45.4 46.0 44.9 26.3 23.5 2.8 4.8 7.5 14.4 -5.2 28.3 25.4 2.8 4.4 6.9 14.6 -4.9 27.5 24.6 2.9 4.5 6.4 17.5 -4.9 28.4 25.3 3.1 4.6 7.0 17.3 -5.2 27.7 24.5 3.2 5.4 6.9 18.6 -4.8 28.3 25.0 3.3 5.9 7.3 20.7 -5.0 28.0 24.6 3.3 6.2 7.0 20.5 -4.9 27.8 24.7 3.2 6.5 6.5 18.4 -4.6 28.3 24.8 3.6 6.8 6.2 17.1 -4.5 31.5 27.4 4.1 6.9 6.9 14.1 -4.3 Total nondefense ................................................................ 47.8 49.2 51.0 52.0 53.8 57.2 56.8 54.6 54.0 55.1 1 In billions of constant (FY 2009) dollars: 1 As percentages of GDP: 1 As percentages of outlays: See footnotes at end of table. Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2022—Continued Category 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 195,649 210,172 230,681 245,707 269,359 332,332 371,792 95,975 409,218 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 81,692 78,872 79,174 76,681 79,347 86,509 89,619 22,269 97,241 65,372 (56,299) (9,074) 14,954 14,380 27,883 -8,632 80,925 (70,083) (10,841) 17,223 14,841 28,418 -10,107 93,281 (79,022) (14,259) 20,070 15,478 32,261 -9,583 104,887 (90,726) (14,161) 27,629 17,349 32,571 -13,409 121,020 (105,891) (15,129) 28,164 21,449 36,128 -16,749 154,717 (137,568) (17,149) 32,569 23,244 48,896 -13,602 181,795 (161,231) (20,563) 38,441 26,727 49,596 -14,386 45,781 (40,569) (5,212) 10,693 6,949 14,491 -4,206 198,048 (174,700) (23,348) 44,971 29,901 53,936 -14,879 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 113,958 131,300 151,507 169,026 190,012 245,824 282,173 73,707 311,977 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 1,030.3 1,035.3 1,065.5 1,084.3 1,097.6 1,233.1 1,287.4 324.1 1,320.9 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 469.0 425.6 389.8 352.4 341.3 341.5 332.4 81.0 334.6 298.4 (257.0) (41.4) 100.1 64.5 150.3 -51.8 353.6 (306.2) (47.4) 107.6 63.3 139.9 -55.0 392.5 (332.4) (60.0) 119.5 63.0 149.1 -48.4 425.4 (367.9) (57.4) 160.7 67.7 142.3 -64.0 454.3 (397.5) (56.8) 150.0 78.2 149.2 -75.4 526.3 (467.9) (58.3) 156.3 76.8 189.1 -56.9 580.5 (514.8) (65.7) 171.2 82.6 176.2 -55.6 141.7 (125.6) (16.1) 46.0 20.8 50.4 -15.8 588.2 (518.9) (69.4) 186.8 86.2 178.4 -53.3 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 561.4 609.3 675.8 732.0 756.4 891.3 954.9 243.1 986.3 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 18.6 18.8 18.9 18.1 18.1 20.6 20.8 20.3 20.2 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 7.8 7.0 6.5 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.8 6.2 5.4 0.9 1.4 1.4 2.7 -0.8 7.2 6.3 1.0 1.5 1.3 2.5 -0.9 7.6 6.5 1.2 1.6 1.3 2.6 -0.8 7.7 6.7 1.0 2.0 1.3 2.4 -1.0 8.1 7.1 1.0 1.9 1.4 2.4 -1.1 9.6 8.5 1.1 2.0 1.4 3.0 -0.8 10.2 9.0 1.1 2.1 1.5 2.8 -0.8 9.7 8.6 1.1 2.3 1.5 3.1 -0.9 9.8 8.6 1.2 2.2 1.5 2.7 -0.7 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 10.9 11.7 12.4 12.5 12.8 15.3 15.8 15.6 15.4 Addendum: GDP ($ billions) .............................................................................. 1,049.1 1,119.3 1,219.5 1,356.0 1,486.2 1,610.6 1,790.3 472.6 2,028.4 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 National defense 1 ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 41.8 37.5 34.3 31.2 29.5 26.0 24.1 23.2 23.8 33.4 28.8 4.6 7.6 7.3 14.3 -4.4 38.5 33.3 5.2 8.2 7.1 13.5 -4.8 40.4 34.3 6.2 8.7 6.7 14.0 -4.2 42.7 36.9 5.8 11.2 7.1 13.3 -5.5 44.9 39.3 5.6 10.5 8.0 13.4 -6.2 46.6 41.4 5.2 9.8 7.0 14.7 -4.1 48.9 43.4 5.5 10.3 7.2 13.3 -3.9 47.7 42.3 5.4 11.1 7.2 15.1 -4.4 48.4 42.7 5.7 11.0 7.3 13.2 -3.6 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 58.2 62.5 65.7 68.8 70.5 74.0 75.9 76.8 76.2 In millions of current dollars: 1 In billions of constant (FY 2009) dollars: 1 As percentages of GDP: 1 As percentages of outlays: See footnotes at end of table. Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2022—Continued Category 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 458,746 504,028 590,941 678,241 745,743 808,364 851,805 946,344 990,382 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 104,495 116,342 133,995 157,513 185,309 209,903 227,411 252,743 273,373 213,026 (187,738) (25,288) 52,541 35,458 68,945 -15,720 236,125 (208,059) (28,066) 55,191 42,633 71,213 -17,476 280,404 (247,320) (33,084) 58,208 52,533 85,743 -19,942 328,516 (289,497) (39,019) 55,610 68,766 95,877 -28,041 361,384 (321,718) (39,666) 48,400 85,032 91,717 -26,099 401,567 (358,076) (43,491) 48,871 89,808 92,192 -33,976 413,337 (366,793) (46,544) 50,913 111,102 81,000 -31,957 452,028 (401,304) (50,723) 54,972 129,478 89,823 -32,698 458,280 (403,205) (55,075) 57,080 136,017 98,640 -33,007 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 354,251 387,686 456,946 520,728 560,434 598,462 624,394 693,602 717,009 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 1,393.5 1,409.5 1,495.7 1,544.6 1,579.6 1,630.8 1,643.1 1,761.6 1,805.3 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 336.9 346.8 361.3 381.1 412.6 444.7 460.0 492.9 521.5 592.6 (522.2) (70.4) 205.1 95.8 216.0 -53.0 606.6 (534.4) (72.1) 197.5 106.6 207.3 -55.4 651.7 (574.8) (76.9) 187.3 120.8 232.8 -58.4 696.0 (613.3) (82.7) 160.6 144.0 237.4 -74.8 721.2 (642.0) (79.2) 128.8 166.6 216.7 -66.4 766.2 (683.2) (83.0) 123.7 168.6 210.9 -83.3 759.3 (673.8) (85.5) 122.5 201.5 176.4 -76.6 801.9 (711.9) (90.0) 126.9 227.2 187.8 -75.3 792.4 (697.1) (95.3) 127.2 233.4 205.7 -74.9 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 1,056.5 1,062.4 1,134.4 1,163.4 1,166.8 1,186.2 1,183.0 1,268.7 1,283.8 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 20.1 19.6 21.1 21.6 22.5 22.8 21.5 22.2 21.8 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 4.6 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.6 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.0 9.4 8.2 1.1 2.3 1.6 3.0 -0.7 9.2 8.1 1.1 2.1 1.7 2.8 -0.7 10.0 8.8 1.2 2.1 1.9 3.1 -0.7 10.5 9.2 1.2 1.8 2.2 3.1 -0.9 10.9 9.7 1.2 1.5 2.6 2.8 -0.8 11.3 10.1 1.2 1.4 2.5 2.6 -1.0 10.5 9.3 1.2 1.3 2.8 2.0 -0.8 10.6 9.4 1.2 1.3 3.0 2.1 -0.8 10.1 8.9 1.2 1.3 3.0 2.2 -0.7 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 15.5 15.1 16.3 16.6 16.9 16.9 15.8 16.2 15.8 Addendum: GDP ($ billions) .............................................................................. 2,278.2 2,570.0 2,796.8 3,138.4 3,313.9 3,541.1 3,952.8 4,270.4 4,536.1 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 National defense 1 ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 22.8 23.1 22.7 23.2 24.8 26.0 26.7 26.7 27.6 46.4 40.9 5.5 11.5 7.7 15.0 -3.4 46.8 41.3 5.6 11.0 8.5 14.1 -3.5 47.5 41.9 5.6 9.9 8.9 14.5 -3.4 48.4 42.7 5.8 8.2 10.1 14.1 -4.1 48.5 43.1 5.3 6.5 11.4 12.3 -3.5 49.7 44.3 5.4 6.0 11.1 11.4 -4.2 48.5 43.1 5.5 6.0 13.0 9.5 -3.8 47.8 42.4 5.4 5.8 13.7 9.5 -3.5 46.3 40.7 5.6 5.8 13.7 10.0 -3.3 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 77.2 76.9 77.3 76.8 75.2 74.0 73.3 73.3 72.4 In millions of current dollars: 1 In billions of constant (FY 2009) dollars: 1 As percentages of GDP: 1 As percentages of outlays: See footnotes at end of table. Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2022—Continued Category 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 1,004,017 1,064,416 1,143,743 1,252,993 1,324,226 1,381,529 1,409,386 1,461,752 1,515,742 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 281,996 290,360 303,555 299,321 273,285 298,346 291,084 281,640 272,063 479,078 (420,493) (58,585) 49,622 138,611 91,166 -36,455 510,022 (446,524) (63,498) 51,656 151,803 97,542 -36,967 545,753 (476,898) (68,855) 52,820 168,981 109,846 -37,212 592,381 (513,503) (78,878) 56,206 184,347 157,355 -36,615 659,399 (564,614) (94,786) 59,548 194,448 176,901 -39,356 738,524 (623,665) (114,860) 62,887 199,344 121,707 -39,280 795,321 (668,018) (127,303) 66,157 198,713 95,496 -37,386 834,816 (695,641) (139,176) 71,251 202,932 108,884 -37,772 888,403 (738,141) (150,262) 74,661 232,134 92,936 -44,455 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 722,021 774,057 840,188 953,673 1,050,940 1,083,183 1,118,301 1,180,113 1,243,679 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 1,779.2 1,824.2 1,888.0 2,009.0 2,029.2 2,040.4 2,021.5 2,058.8 2,074.7 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 529.6 532.3 537.6 512.2 443.7 478.8 461.9 442.4 418.7 807.8 (709.0) (98.8) 105.3 232.6 186.3 -82.4 828.6 (725.3) (103.2) 105.6 246.8 191.9 -81.0 849.5 (742.1) (107.3) 103.6 264.2 212.8 -79.7 886.6 (768.3) (118.3) 105.2 278.2 303.2 -76.3 949.7 (812.9) (136.9) 107.2 283.4 322.0 -76.8 1,036.9 (875.2) (161.7) 109.8 283.6 206.1 -74.7 1,088.7 (913.8) (174.9) 112.0 276.1 150.1 -67.2 1,119.2 (931.7) (187.4) 117.5 275.9 168.8 -65.0 1,166.1 (967.9) (198.1) 119.1 309.1 135.7 -74.1 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 1,249.8 1,292.0 1,350.4 1,496.9 1,585.4 1,561.7 1,559.5 1,616.4 1,655.8 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 21.0 20.6 20.5 21.2 21.7 21.5 20.7 20.3 20.0 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.1 4.5 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.6 10.0 8.8 1.2 1.0 2.9 1.9 -0.8 9.9 8.7 1.2 1.0 2.9 1.9 -0.7 9.8 8.6 1.2 0.9 3.0 2.0 -0.7 10.0 8.7 1.3 1.0 3.1 2.7 -0.6 10.8 9.2 1.6 1.0 3.2 2.9 -0.6 11.5 9.7 1.8 1.0 3.1 1.9 -0.6 11.7 9.8 1.9 1.0 2.9 1.4 -0.6 11.6 9.7 1.9 1.0 2.8 1.5 -0.5 11.7 9.7 2.0 1.0 3.1 1.2 -0.6 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 15.1 15.0 15.1 16.1 17.2 16.8 16.5 16.4 16.4 Addendum: GDP ($ billions) .............................................................................. 4,781.9 5,155.1 5,570.0 5,914.6 6,110.1 6,434.7 6,794.9 7,197.8 7,583.4 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 National defense 1 ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 28.1 27.3 26.5 23.9 20.6 21.6 20.7 19.3 17.9 47.7 41.9 5.8 4.9 13.8 9.1 -3.6 47.9 42.0 6.0 4.9 14.3 9.2 -3.5 47.7 41.7 6.0 4.6 14.8 9.6 -3.3 47.3 41.0 6.3 4.5 14.7 12.6 -2.9 49.8 42.6 7.2 4.5 14.7 13.4 -3.0 53.5 45.1 8.3 4.6 14.4 8.8 -2.8 56.4 47.4 9.0 4.7 14.1 6.8 -2.7 57.1 47.6 9.5 4.9 13.9 7.4 -2.6 58.6 48.7 9.9 4.9 15.3 6.1 -2.9 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 71.9 72.7 73.5 76.1 79.4 78.4 79.3 80.7 82.1 In millions of current dollars: 1 In billions of constant (FY 2009) dollars: 1 As percentages of GDP: 1 As percentages of outlays: See footnotes at end of table. Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2022—Continued Category 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 1,560,484 1,601,116 1,652,458 1,701,842 1,788,950 1,862,846 2,010,894 2,159,899 2,292,841 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 265,748 270,502 268,194 274,769 294,363 304,732 348,456 404,733 455,813 920,414 (767,691) (152,723) 75,050 241,053 95,839 -37,620 964,085 (808,002) (156,083) 78,077 243,984 94,441 -49,973 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 1,294,736 1,330,614 1,384,264 1,427,073 1,494,587 1,558,114 1,662,438 1,755,166 1,837,028 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 2,092.1 2,103.4 2,151.9 2,188.3 2,244.6 2,276.5 2,417.2 2,525.0 2,612.0 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 400.2 401.3 390.6 391.7 406.9 406.6 449.0 491.2 533.0 1,184.4 (987.0) (197.4) 116.5 315.1 135.8 -59.9 1,216.2 (1,018.4) (197.8) 119.0 313.4 131.1 -77.7 1,240.6 (1,030.9) (209.7) 118.6 305.9 167.6 -71.7 1,252.3 (1,029.9) (222.4) 129.8 287.9 186.4 -59.7 1,288.6 (1,057.6) (231.0) 134.5 273.7 200.9 -60.0 1,348.0 (1,096.7) (251.2) 145.7 247.1 193.4 -64.3 1,468.2 (1,191.9) (276.2) 156.8 201.7 203.2 -61.5 1,562.8 (1,269.8) (293.0) 173.4 177.2 187.9 -67.5 1,590.3 (1,286.1) (304.2) 171.0 181.0 206.0 -69.1 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 1,692.0 1,702.2 1,761.2 1,796.6 1,837.7 1,869.8 1,968.3 2,033.8 2,079.0 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 19.6 18.9 18.5 17.9 17.6 17.6 18.5 19.1 19.0 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.6 3.8 11.5 9.6 1.9 0.9 3.0 1.2 -0.5 11.4 9.5 1.8 0.9 2.9 1.1 -0.6 11.1 9.2 1.9 0.9 2.7 1.3 -0.5 10.7 8.8 1.9 0.9 2.4 1.4 -0.4 10.5 8.6 1.9 0.9 2.2 1.5 -0.4 10.8 8.8 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 -0.4 11.6 9.4 2.2 1.1 1.6 1.5 -0.4 12.1 9.8 2.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 -0.5 11.7 9.5 2.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 -0.5 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 16.2 15.7 15.5 15.0 14.7 14.7 15.3 15.5 15.2 Addendum: GDP ($ billions) .............................................................................. 7,978.3 8,483.2 8,954.8 9,510.5 10,148.2 10,564.6 10,876.9 11,332.4 12,088.6 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 National defense 1 ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 17.0 16.9 16.2 16.1 16.5 16.4 17.3 18.7 19.9 59.0 49.2 9.8 4.8 15.4 6.1 -2.4 60.2 50.5 9.7 4.9 15.2 5.9 -3.1 60.1 49.9 10.1 4.8 14.6 7.2 -2.9 59.5 49.0 10.5 5.2 13.5 8.0 -2.4 59.7 49.0 10.7 5.3 12.5 8.5 -2.4 61.3 49.9 11.4 5.7 11.1 8.1 -2.5 62.6 50.8 11.7 5.8 8.5 8.2 -2.4 63.2 51.4 11.8 6.2 7.1 7.3 -2.5 61.9 50.1 11.8 6.0 7.0 7.8 -2.6 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 83.0 83.1 83.8 83.9 83.5 83.6 82.7 81.3 80.1 In millions of current dollars: 1 992,445 1,013,371 1,067,361 1,141,399 1,257,934 1,365,932 1,420,103 (825,229) (833,929) (876,629) (929,273) (1,021,829) (1,110,460) (1,149,043) (167,216) (179,442) (190,732) (212,126) (236,105) (255,472) (271,060) 78,900 88,443 95,140 106,369 116,699 133,070 136,452 241,118 229,755 222,949 206,167 170,949 153,073 160,245 118,995 135,949 151,718 151,190 164,248 157,473 178,765 -47,194 -40,445 -42,581 -47,011 -47,392 -54,382 -58,537 In billions of constant (FY 2009) dollars: 1 As percentages of GDP: 1 As percentages of outlays: See footnotes at end of table. Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2022—Continued Category 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 2,471,957 2,655,050 2,728,686 2,982,544 3,517,677 3,457,079 3,603,065 3,536,945 3,454,647 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 495,294 521,820 551,258 616,066 661,012 693,485 705,554 677,852 633,446 In millions of current dollars: 1 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 1,511,901 1,611,667 1,701,188 1,841,304 2,111,962 2,305,906 2,366,734 2,315,592 2,404,994 (1,228,961) (1,329,885) (1,407,719) (1,531,316) (1,745,901) (1,906,693) (1,966,473) (1,947,808) (2,023,537) (282,940) (281,782) (293,469) (309,988) (366,061) (399,213) (400,261) (367,784) (381,457) 145,076 152,315 150,328 151,328 171,930 209,177 206,505 176,785 164,714 183,986 226,603 237,109 252,757 186,902 196,194 229,962 220,408 220,885 200,924 210,895 171,041 207,331 478,510 134,433 182,777 249,844 123,393 -68,250 -82,238 -86,242 -92,639 -82,116 -88,467 -103,536 -92,785 -65,224 1,976,663 2,133,230 2,177,428 2,366,478 2,856,665 2,763,594 2,897,511 2,859,093 2,821,201 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 2,722.1 2,826.0 2,829.7 2,988.5 3,517.7 3,403.6 3,466.2 3,335.8 3,216.6 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 552.6 558.1 571.4 614.9 661.0 681.0 672.2 636.7 591.1 1,647.0 (1,338.3) (308.7) 171.5 201.5 223.1 -73.6 1,704.3 (1,405.9) (298.3) 171.3 240.4 226.1 -74.0 1,761.2 (1,457.3) (304.0) 160.7 244.8 177.6 -86.0 1,841.4 (1,531.3) (310.1) 154.2 255.7 209.6 -87.3 2,112.0 (1,745.9) (366.1) 171.9 186.9 478.5 -92.6 2,269.1 (1,876.1) (393.0) 206.1 194.5 132.4 -79.6 2,280.7 (1,894.8) (385.8) 198.0 223.4 174.6 -82.8 2,185.2 (1,838.1) (347.1) 165.3 210.3 233.9 -95.5 2,236.6 (1,881.8) (354.7) 150.9 207.2 115.7 -85.0 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 2,169.5 2,267.9 2,258.3 2,373.6 2,856.7 2,722.5 2,793.9 2,699.3 2,625.6 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 19.2 19.4 19.1 20.2 24.4 23.4 23.4 22.1 20.9 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.2 3.8 11.7 9.5 2.2 1.1 1.4 1.6 -0.5 11.8 9.7 2.1 1.1 1.7 1.5 -0.5 11.9 9.8 2.0 1.0 1.7 1.2 -0.6 12.5 10.4 2.1 1.0 1.7 1.4 -0.6 14.7 12.1 2.5 1.2 1.3 3.3 -0.6 15.6 12.9 2.7 1.4 1.3 0.9 -0.6 15.4 12.8 2.6 1.3 1.5 1.2 -0.6 14.4 12.2 2.3 1.1 1.4 1.6 -0.6 14.6 12.3 2.3 1.0 1.3 0.7 -0.6 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 15.3 15.6 15.2 16.0 19.8 18.7 18.8 17.8 17.1 Addendum: GDP ($ billions) .............................................................................. 12,888.9 13,684.7 14,322.9 14,752.4 14,414.6 14,798.5 15,379.2 16,027.2 16,515.9 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 National defense 1 ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 20.0 19.7 20.2 20.7 18.8 20.1 19.6 19.2 18.3 61.2 49.7 11.4 5.9 7.4 8.1 -2.6 60.7 50.1 10.6 5.7 8.5 7.9 -2.6 62.3 51.6 10.8 5.5 8.7 6.3 -3.0 61.7 51.3 10.4 5.1 8.5 7.0 -2.9 60.0 49.6 10.4 4.9 5.3 13.6 -2.6 66.7 55.2 11.5 6.1 5.7 3.9 -2.4 65.7 54.6 11.1 5.7 6.4 5.1 -2.5 65.5 55.1 10.4 5.0 6.2 7.1 -2.9 69.6 58.6 11.0 4.8 6.4 3.6 -2.7 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 80.0 80.3 79.8 79.3 81.2 79.9 80.4 80.8 81.7 In billions of constant (FY 2009) dollars: 1 As percentages of GDP: 1 As percentages of outlays: See footnotes at end of table. Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2022—Continued 2014 2015 2016 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 3,506,091 3,688,383 3,852,612 4,062,223 4,094,450 4,339,564 4,470,079 4,616,682 4,831,744 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 603,457 589,659 593,372 602,783 652,570 675,117 679,832 677,802 672,853 Category In millions of current dollars: 1 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 2,507,705 2,653,825 2,776,660 2,886,947 2,885,322 3,083,038 3,182,867 3,312,981 3,531,402 (2,090,830) (2,186,333) (2,276,763) (2,367,613) (2,348,336) (2,528,088) (2,611,421) (2,725,485) (2,935,724) (416,875) (467,492) (499,897) (519,334) (536,986) (554,950) (571,446) (587,496) (595,678) 160,092 156,862 160,921 166,969 166,406 186,720 206,026 213,366 197,860 228,956 223,181 240,033 276,215 314,885 371,071 428,059 481,241 528,173 93,925 180,659 176,877 222,704 179,667 110,806 61,922 18,860 -10,279 -115,803 -95,251 -93,395 -104,400 -87,188 -88,627 -87,568 -88,265 -88,044 2,902,634 3,098,724 3,259,240 3,459,440 3,441,880 3,664,447 3,790,247 3,938,880 4,158,891 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 3,214.8 3,360.4 3,481.5 3,588.2 3,539.8 3,668.9 3,695.8 3,732.5 3,820.5 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 553.7 539.1 540.0 538.6 572.7 580.9 573.5 560.6 545.6 2,297.7 (1,915.7) (382.0) 143.5 211.0 86.8 -77.8 2,418.2 (1,992.3) (426.0) 139.2 203.2 161.9 -101.3 2,509.1 (2,057.4) (451.7) 141.8 216.0 156.8 -82.3 2,547.8 (2,089.5) (458.3) 143.5 244.1 193.4 -79.2 2,489.2 (2,026.0) (463.2) 138.8 272.7 153.1 -86.8 2,600.1 (2,132.1) (468.0) 151.4 315.1 92.5 -71.1 2,623.9 (2,152.9) (471.0) 162.0 356.4 50.7 -70.8 2,669.7 (2,196.4) (473.4) 162.9 392.8 15.1 -68.6 2,781.9 (2,312.7) (469.2) 146.4 422.7 -8.1 -67.8 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 2,661.3 2,821.4 2,941.6 3,049.6 2,966.9 3,087.9 3,122.1 3,171.9 3,275.0 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 20.4 20.6 20.9 21.2 20.5 20.7 20.3 20.0 19.9 National defense ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 14.6 12.1 2.4 0.9 1.3 0.5 -0.5 14.8 12.2 2.6 0.9 1.2 1.0 -0.6 15.1 12.4 2.7 0.9 1.3 1.0 -0.5 15.1 12.4 2.7 0.9 1.4 1.2 -0.5 14.4 11.7 2.7 0.8 1.6 0.9 -0.5 14.7 12.1 2.6 0.9 1.8 0.5 -0.4 14.5 11.9 2.6 0.9 1.9 0.3 -0.4 14.3 11.8 2.5 0.9 2.1 0.1 -0.4 14.6 12.1 2.5 0.8 2.2 -* -0.4 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 16.9 17.3 17.7 18.1 17.2 17.5 17.2 17.1 17.1 Addendum: GDP ($ billions) .............................................................................. 17,220.0 17,904.0 18,407.4 19,161.9 20,013.7 20,947.3 21,980.6 23,092.7 24,261.3 Total outlays ....................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 National defense 1 ............................................................................................. Nondefense: Payments for individuals ............................................................................... Direct payments 2 .................................................................................... Grants to State and local governments ................................................... All other grants .............................................................................................. Net Interest 2 ................................................................................................ All other 2 ..................................................................................................... Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ................................................................ 17.2 16.0 15.4 14.8 15.9 15.6 15.2 14.7 13.9 71.5 59.6 11.9 4.6 6.5 2.7 -2.5 72.0 59.3 12.7 4.3 6.1 4.9 -3.1 72.1 59.1 13.0 4.2 6.2 4.6 -2.5 71.1 58.3 12.8 4.1 6.8 5.5 -2.3 70.5 57.4 13.1 4.1 7.7 4.4 -2.5 71.0 58.3 12.8 4.3 8.6 2.6 -2.0 71.2 58.4 12.8 4.6 9.6 1.4 -2.0 71.8 59.0 12.7 4.6 10.4 0.4 -1.9 73.1 60.8 12.3 4.1 10.9 -0.2 -1.8 Total nondefense ..................................................................................... 82.8 84.0 84.6 85.2 84.1 84.4 84.8 85.3 86.1 In billions of constant (FY 2009) dollars: 1 As percentages of GDP: 1 As percentages of outlays: Includes a small amount of grants to State and local governments and direct payments for individuals. Includes some off-budget amounts; most of the off-budget amounts are direct payments for individuals (social security benefits). 1 2 Table 7.1—FEDERAL DEBT AT THE END OF YEAR: 1940–2022 In Millions of Dollars End of Fiscal Year Gross Federal Debt Less: Held by Federal Government Accounts As Percentages of GDP Equals: Held by the Public Total Federal Reserve System Other Gross Federal Debt Less: Held by Federal Government Accounts Equals: Held by the Public Total Federal Reserve System Other 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 50,696 57,531 79,200 142,648 204,079 7,924 9,308 11,447 14,882 19,283 42,772 48,223 67,753 127,766 184,796 2,458 2,180 2,640 7,149 14,899 40,314 46,043 65,113 120,617 169,897 51.6 49.5 53.6 77.3 95.5 8.1 8.0 7.8 8.1 9.0 43.6 41.5 45.9 69.2 86.4 2.5 1.9 1.8 3.9 7.0 41.1 39.6 44.1 65.3 79.5 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 260,123 270,991 257,149 252,031 252,610 24,941 29,130 32,810 35,761 38,288 235,182 241,861 224,339 216,270 214,322 21,792 23,783 21,872 21,366 19,343 213,390 218,078 202,467 194,904 194,979 114.9 118.9 107.6 96.0 91.3 11.0 12.8 13.7 13.6 13.8 103.9 106.1 93.9 82.4 77.4 9.6 10.4 9.2 8.1 7.0 94.3 95.6 84.7 74.3 70.4 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 256,853 255,288 259,097 265,963 270,812 37,830 40,962 44,339 47,580 46,313 219,023 214,326 214,758 218,383 224,499 18,331 22,982 22,906 24,746 25,037 200,692 191,344 191,852 193,637 199,462 92.1 78.0 72.5 69.5 69.9 13.6 12.5 12.4 12.4 11.9 78.5 65.5 60.1 57.1 57.9 6.6 7.0 6.4 6.5 6.5 71.9 58.4 53.7 50.6 51.4 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 274,366 272,693 272,252 279,666 287,465 47,751 50,537 52,931 53,329 52,764 226,616 222,156 219,320 226,336 234,701 23,607 23,758 23,035 25,438 26,044 203,009 198,398 196,285 200,898 208,657 67.4 62.1 58.6 59.0 56.9 11.7 11.5 11.4 11.2 10.4 55.7 50.6 47.2 47.7 46.4 5.8 5.4 5.0 5.4 5.2 49.9 45.2 42.3 42.4 41.3 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 290,525 292,648 302,928 310,324 316,059 53,686 54,291 54,918 56,345 59,210 236,840 238,357 248,010 253,978 256,849 26,523 27,253 29,663 32,027 34,794 210,317 211,104 218,347 221,951 222,055 54.3 53.4 51.6 50.1 47.7 10.0 9.9 9.4 9.1 8.9 44.3 43.5 42.3 41.0 38.7 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.2 39.3 38.6 37.2 35.8 33.5 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 322,318 328,498 340,445 368,685 365,769 61,540 64,784 73,819 79,140 87,661 260,778 263,714 266,626 289,545 278,108 39,100 42,169 46,719 52,230 54,095 221,678 221,545 219,907 237,315 224,013 45.4 42.0 40.6 41.0 37.2 8.7 8.3 8.8 8.8 8.9 36.7 33.7 31.8 32.2 28.3 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.5 31.2 28.3 26.2 26.4 22.8 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 380,921 408,176 435,936 466,291 483,893 97,723 105,140 113,559 125,381 140,194 283,198 303,037 322,377 340,910 343,699 57,714 65,518 71,426 75,181 80,648 225,484 237,519 250,951 265,729 263,051 36.3 36.5 35.7 34.4 32.6 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.2 9.4 27.0 27.1 26.4 25.1 23.1 5.5 5.9 5.9 5.5 5.4 21.5 21.2 20.6 19.6 17.7 1975 ................................................................................. 1976 ................................................................................. TQ .................................................................................... 1977 ................................................................................. 1978 ................................................................................. 1979 ................................................................................. 541,925 628,970 643,561 706,398 776,602 829,467 147,225 151,566 148,052 157,294 169,476 189,161 394,700 477,404 495,509 549,104 607,126 640,306 84,993 94,714 96,702 105,004 115,480 115,594 309,707 382,690 398,807 444,100 491,646 524,712 33.6 35.1 34.0 34.8 34.1 32.3 9.1 8.5 7.8 7.8 7.4 7.4 24.5 26.7 26.2 27.1 26.6 24.9 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.1 4.5 19.2 21.4 21.1 21.9 21.6 20.4 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 909,041 994,828 1,137,315 1,371,660 1,564,586 197,118 205,418 212,740 234,392 257,611 711,923 789,410 924,575 1,137,268 1,306,975 120,846 124,466 134,497 155,527 155,122 591,077 664,944 790,078 981,741 1,151,853 32.5 31.7 34.3 38.7 39.6 7.0 6.5 6.4 6.6 6.5 25.5 25.2 27.9 32.1 33.1 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.4 3.9 21.1 21.2 23.8 27.7 29.1 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 1,817,423 2,120,501 2,345,956 2,601,104 2,867,800 310,163 379,878 456,203 549,487 677,084 1,507,260 1,740,623 1,889,753 2,051,616 2,190,716 169,806 190,855 212,040 229,218 220,088 1,337,454 1,549,767 1,677,713 1,822,398 1,970,628 42.6 46.7 49.1 50.5 51.5 7.3 8.4 9.5 10.7 12.2 35.3 38.4 39.5 39.8 39.3 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.0 31.3 34.2 35.1 35.4 35.4 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 3,206,290 3,598,178 4,001,787 4,351,044 4,643,307 794,733 909,179 1,002,050 1,102,647 1,210,242 2,411,558 2,688,999 2,999,737 3,248,396 3,433,065 234,410 258,591 296,397 325,653 355,150 2,177,147 2,430,408 2,703,341 2,922,744 3,077,915 54.2 58.9 62.2 64.0 64.5 13.4 14.9 15.6 16.2 16.8 40.8 44.0 46.6 47.8 47.7 4.0 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.9 36.8 39.8 42.0 43.0 42.8 Table 7.1—FEDERAL DEBT AT THE END OF YEAR: 1940–2022—Continued In Millions of Dollars End of Fiscal Year Gross Federal Debt Less: Held by Federal Government Accounts As Percentages of GDP Equals: Held by the Public Total Federal Reserve System Other Gross Federal Debt Less: Held by Federal Government Accounts Equals: Held by the Public Total Federal Reserve System Other 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 4,920,586 5,181,465 5,369,206 5,478,189 5,605,523 1,316,208 1,447,392 1,596,862 1,757,090 1,973,160 3,604,378 3,734,073 3,772,344 3,721,099 3,632,363 374,114 390,924 424,518 458,182 496,644 3,230,264 3,343,149 3,347,826 3,262,917 3,135,719 64.9 64.9 63.3 61.2 58.9 17.4 18.1 18.8 19.6 20.7 47.5 46.8 44.5 41.6 38.2 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 42.6 41.9 39.5 36.4 33.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 5,628,700 5,769,881 6,198,401 6,760,014 7,354,657 2,218,896 2,450,266 2,657,974 2,846,570 3,059,113 3,409,804 3,319,615 3,540,427 3,913,443 4,295,544 511,413 534,135 604,191 656,116 700,341 2,898,391 2,785,480 2,936,235 3,257,327 3,595,203 55.5 54.6 57.0 59.7 60.8 21.9 23.2 24.4 25.1 25.3 33.6 31.4 32.5 34.5 35.5 5.0 5.1 5.6 5.8 5.8 28.6 26.4 27.0 28.7 29.7 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 7,905,300 8,451,350 8,950,744 9,986,082 11,875,851 3,313,088 3,622,378 3,915,615 4,183,032 4,331,144 4,592,212 4,828,972 5,035,129 5,803,050 7,544,707 736,360 768,924 779,632 491,127 769,160 3,855,852 4,060,048 4,255,497 5,311,923 6,775,547 61.3 61.8 62.5 67.7 82.4 25.7 26.5 27.3 28.4 30.0 35.6 35.3 35.2 39.3 52.3 5.7 5.6 5.4 3.3 5.3 29.9 29.7 29.7 36.0 47.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 13,528,807 14,764,222 16,050,921 16,719,434 17,794,483 4,509,926 9,018,882 4,636,035 10,128,187 4,769,790 11,281,131 4,736,721 11,982,713 5,014,584 12,779,899 811,669 8,207,213 1,664,660 8,463,527 1,645,285 9,635,846 2,072,283 9,910,430 2,451,743 10,328,156 91.4 96.0 100.1 101.2 103.3 30.5 30.1 29.8 28.7 29.1 60.9 65.9 70.4 72.6 74.2 5.5 10.8 10.3 12.5 14.2 55.5 55.0 60.1 60.0 60.0 2015 ................................................................................. 2016 ................................................................................. 2017 estimate .................................................................. 2018 estimate .................................................................. 2019 estimate .................................................................. 18,120,106 19,539,445 20,354,398 21,093,276 21,839,988 5,003,414 5,371,720 5,530,582 5,740,229 5,882,625 2,461,947 10,654,745 2,463,456 11,704,269 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 101.2 106.1 106.2 105.4 104.3 27.9 29.2 28.9 28.7 28.1 73.3 77.0 77.4 76.7 76.2 13.8 13.4 N/A N/A N/A 59.5 63.6 N/A N/A N/A 2020 estimate .................................................................. 2021 estimate .................................................................. 2022 estimate .................................................................. 22,503,321 23,114,088 23,647,368 5,994,296 16,509,025 6,090,473 17,023,615 6,129,898 17,517,470 102.4 100.1 97.5 27.3 26.4 25.3 75.1 73.7 72.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A: Not available. 13,116,692 14,167,725 14,823,815 15,353,047 15,957,363 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Table 7.2—DEBT SUBJECT TO STATUTORY LIMIT: 1940–2022 (in millions of dollars) End of Fiscal Year Debt Subject to Limit End of Fiscal Year Debt Subject to Limit End of Fiscal Year Debt Subject to Limit End of Fiscal Year Debt Subject to Limit 1940 1941 1942 1943 ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... 43,219 49,494 74,154 140,469 1961 1962 1963 1964 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 286,308 295,374 302,923 308,583 1981 1982 1983 1984 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 998,818 1,142,913 1,377,953 1,572,975 2002 2003 2004 2005 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 6,161,431 6,737,642 7,333,350 7,871,040 1944 1945 1946 1947 ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... 208,077 268,671 268,932 255,767 1965 1966 1967 1968 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 314,126 316,293 323,143 348,534 1985 1986 1987 1988 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 1,823,775 2,110,975 2,336,014 2,586,869 2006 2007 2008 2009 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 8,420,278 8,921,343 9,959,850 11,853,142 1948 1949 1950 1951 ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... 250,381 250,965 255,382 253,284 1969 1970 1971 1972 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 356,107 372,600 398,650 427,751 1989 1990 1991 1992 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 2,829,770 3,161,223 3,569,300 3,972,578 2010 2011 2012 2013 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 13,510,840 14,746,553 16,027,021 16,699,396 1952 1953 1954 1955 ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... 257,233 264,220 269,379 272,348 1973 1974 1975 1976 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 458,264 475,181 534,207 621,556 1993 1994 1995 1996 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 4,315,571 4,605,338 4,884,605 5,137,195 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2017 estimate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,781,107 18,112,975 19,538,456 20,354,634 1956 1957 1958 1959 ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... 270,619 269,120 275,395 282,419 TQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635,822 699,963 772,691 827,615 1997 1998 1999 2000 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 5,327,624 5,439,447 5,567,694 5,591,625 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate .............. .............. .............. .............. 21,095,075 21,844,415 22,510,291 23,123,214 5,732,802 2022 estimate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,658,420 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283,827 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908,723 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 7.3—STATUTORY LIMITS ON FEDERAL DEBT: 1940–CURRENT (Dollar amounts in billions) Statute Date 54 Stat. 526 June 25, 1940 55 Stat. 7 February 19, 1941 56 Stat. 189 57 Stat. 63 58 Stat. 272 59 Stat. 47 March 28, 1942 April 11, 1943 June 9, 1944 April 3, 1945 60 Stat. 316 June 26, 1946 68 Stat. 895 August 28, 1954 69 Stat. 241 70 Stat. 519 June 30, 1955 July 9, 1956 72 Stat. 27 February 26, 1958 72 Stat. 1758 September 2, 1958 73 Stat. 156 June 30, 1959 74 Stat. 290 June 30, 1960 75 Stat. 148 June 30, 1961 76 Stat. 23 March 13, 1962 76 Stat. 124 July 1, 1962 77 Stat. 50 May 29, 1963 77 Stat. 131 August 27, 1963 77 Stat. 342 November 26, 1963 78 Stat. 225 June 29, 1964 79 Stat. 172 June 24, 1965 80 Stat. 221 June 24, 1966 81 Stat. 4 March 2, 1967 81 Stat. 99 June 30, 1967 83 Stat. 7 April 7, 1969 84 Stat. 368 June 30, 1970 85 Stat. 5 March 17, 1971 86 Stat. 63 March 15, 1972 86 Stat. 406 July 1, 1972 Description Amended sec. 21, adding new authority for issuance of $4 billion National Defense Series obligations outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended sec. 21, eliminating authority for $4 billion of National Defense Series obligations and increasing limitation to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended sec. 21, including obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States and increasing limitation to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended sec. 21, defining face amount of savings bonds to be current redemption value and decreasing limitation to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increasing sec. 21 limitation by $6 billion during period beginning August 28, 1954, and ending June 30, 1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended act of August 28, 1954, extending increase in limitation until June 30, 1956. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation by $3 billion during period beginning July 1, 1956, and ending June 30, 1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary increase terminated July 1, 1957, and limitation reverted to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation by $5 billion during period beginning February 26, 1958, and ending June 30, 1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $283 billion, which with temporary increase of February 26, 1958 made limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $285 billion and increased sec. 21 limitation by $10 billion during period beginning July 1, 1959, and ending June 30, 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation by $8 billion during period beginning July 1, 1960, and ending June 30, 1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation by $13 billion during period beginning July 1, 1961, and ending June 30, 1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation by $2 billion (in addition to temporary increase of $13 billion in act of June 30, 1961) during period beginning March 13, 1962, and ending June 30, 1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods: (1) beginning July 1, 1962, and ending March 31, 1963, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) beginning April 1, 1963, and ending June 24, 1963, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3) beginning June 25, 1963, and ending June 30, 1963, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods: (1) beginning May 29, 1963, and ending June 30, 1963, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) beginning July 1, 1963, and ending August 31, 1963, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning September 1, 1963, and ending November 30, 1963, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods: (1) beginning December 1, 1963, and ending June 29, 1964, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) ending June 30, 1964, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning June 29, 1964, and ending June 30, 1965, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning July 1, 1965, and ending June 30, 1966, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning July 1, 1966, and ending June 30, 1967, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning March 2, 1967, and ending June 30, 1967, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sec. 21 amended to increase limitation on aggregate outstanding at any time to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sec. 21 amended also to increase the limitation temporarily, beginning July 1, 1968, and each July 1 thereafter for the period beginning July 1 and ending June 29 of each succeeding calendar year by $7 billion, providing an operating limitation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $365 billion, and increased sec. 21 limitation by $12 billion during period beginning April 7, 1969, and ending June 30, 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $380 billion, and increased sec. 21 limitation by $15 billion during period beginning July 1, 1970, and ending June 30, 1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $400 billion, and increased sec. 21 limitation by $30 billion during period beginning March 17, 1971, and ending June 30, 1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended sec. 21, to further increase the limitation temporarily by $20 billion during period beginning March 15, 1972, and ending June 30, 1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended act of March 15, 1972, striking out June 30, 1972, and inserting in lieu thereof October 31, 1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limit 49.0 65.0 125.0 210.0 260.0 300.0 275.0 281.0 281.0 278.0 275.0 280.0 288.0 295.0 293.0 298.0 300.0 308.0 305.0 300.0 307.0 309.0 309.0 315.0 309.0 324.0 328.0 330.0 336.0 358.0 365.0 377.0 395.0 430.0 450.0 450.0 Table 7.3—STATUTORY LIMITS ON FEDERAL DEBT: 1940–CURRENT—Continued (Dollar amounts in billions) Statute Date 86 Stat. 1324 October 27, 1972 87 Stat. 134 July 1, 1973 87 Stat. 691 December 3, 1973 88 Stat. 285 June 30, 1974 89 Stat. 5 February 19, 1975 89 Stat. 246 June 30, 1975 89 Stat. 693 November 14, 1975 90 Stat. 217 March 15, 1976 90 Stat. 793 June 30, 1976 91 Stat. 1090 October 4, 1977 92 Stat. 185 March 27, 1978 92 Stat. 419 August 3, 1978 93 Stat. 8 April 2, 1979 93 Stat. 589 September 29, 1979 94 Stat. 421 May 30, 1980 94 Stat. 439 June 6, 1980 94 Stat. 598 June 28, 1980 94 Stat. 3261 December 19, 1980 95 Stat. 4 February 7, 1981 95 Stat. 955 September 30, 1981 95 Stat. 956 96 Stat. 130 96 Stat. 1156 97 Stat. 196 September 30, 1981 June 28, 1982 September 30, 1982 May 26, 1983 97 Stat. 1012 98 Stat. 217 98 Stat. 313 98 Stat. 2206 99 Stat. 814 99 Stat. 1037 100 Stat. 818 100 Stat. 1968 101 Stat. 308 101 Stat. 542 101 Stat. 550 101 Stat. 754 103 Stat. 182 103 Stat. 830 November 21, 1983 May 25, 1984 July 6, 1984 October 13, 1984 November 14, 1985 December 12, 1985 August 21, 1986 October 21, 1986 May 15, 1987 July 30, 1987 August 10, 1987 September 29, 1987 August 7, 1989 November 8, 1989 Description Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning November 1, 1972, and ending June 30, 1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended act of October 27, 1972, striking out June 30, 1973, and inserting in lieu thereof November 30, 1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning December 3, 1973, and ending June 30, 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning June 30, 1974, and ending March 31, 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning February 19, 1975, and ending June 30, 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning June 30, 1975, and ending November 15, 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning November 14, 1975, and ending March 15, 1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning March 15, 1976, and ending June 30, 1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods: (1) beginning July 1, 1976, and ending September 30, 1976, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) beginning October 1, 1976, and ending March 31, 1977, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3) beginning April 1, 1977, and ending September 30, 1977, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary increase terminated October 1, 1977, and limitation reverted to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation by $352 billion during the period beginning October 4, 1977, and ending March 31, 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended act of October 4, 1977, striking out March 31, 1978, and inserting in lieu thereof July 31, 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary increase terminated August 1, 1978, and limitation reverted to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation by $398 billion during the period beginning August 3, 1978, and ending March 31, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary increase terminated April 1, 1979, and limitation reverted to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation by $430 billion during the period beginning April 2, 1979, and ending September 30, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation by $479 billion during the period beginning September 29, 1979, and ending May 31, 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended act of September 29, 1979, striking out May 31, 1980, and inserting in lieu thereof June 5, 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amended act of September 29, 1979, striking out June 5, 1980, and inserting in lieu thereof June 30, 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased sec. 21 limitation by $525 billion during the period beginning June 28, 1980, and ending February 28, 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the total debt limit (composed of $400.0 billion of permanent ceiling, $535.1 billion of temporary ceiling) to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $585.0 billion through September 30, 1980, raising the total debt ceiling to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $599.8 billion for one day -- September 30, 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $679.8 billion through September 30, 1982. . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $743.1 billion through September 30, 1982. . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $890.2 billion through September 30, 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . Eliminated the distinction between permanent and temporary limit with the enactment of a single permanent limit. Raised the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit temporarily through December 6, 1985, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit temporarily through May 15, 1987, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit temporarily through July 17, 1987, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit temporarily through August 6, 1987, to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit temporarily through September 23, 1987, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 31, 1989, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limit 465.0 465.0 475.7 495.0 577.0 577.0 595.0 627.0 636.0 682.0 700.0 400.0 752.0 752.0 400.0 798.0 400.0 830.0 879.0 879.0 879.0 925.0 935.1 985.0 999.8 1,079.8 1,143.1 1,290.2 1,389.0 1,490.0 1,520.0 1,573.0 1,823.8 1,903.8 2,078.7 2,111.0 2,300.0 2,320.0 2,320.0 2,352.0 2,800.0 2,870.0 3,122.7 Table 7.3—STATUTORY LIMITS ON FEDERAL DEBT: 1940–CURRENT—Continued (Dollar amounts in billions) Statute Date 104 Stat. 403 104 Stat. 878 104 Stat. 897 104 Stat. 1033 104 Stat. 1078 104 Stat. 1087 104 Stat. 1388-560 107 Stat. 42 107 Stat. 565 110 Stat. 55 August 9, 1990 October 2, 1990 October 9, 1990 October 19, 1990 October 25, 1990 October 28, 1990 November 5, 1990 April 6, 1993 August 10, 1993 February 8, 1996 110 Stat. 825 March 12, 1996 110 Stat. 875 111 Stat. 648 116 Stat. 734 117 Stat. 710 118 Stat. 2337 120 Stat. 289 121 Stat. 988 122 Stat. 2908 122 Stat. 3790 123 Stat. 366 123 Stat.3483 124 Stat.8 125 Stat.251 March 29, 1996 August 5, 1997 June 28, 2002 May 27, 2003 November 19, 2004 March 20, 2006 September 29, 2007 July 30, 2008 October 3, 2008 February 17, 2009 December 28, 2009 February 12, 2010 August 2, 2011 127 Stat. 51 February 4, 2013 127 Stat. 566 October 17, 2013 128 Stat. 1011 February 15, 2014 129 Stat. 620 November 2, 2015 Description Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 2, 1990, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 6, 1990, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 19, 1990, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 24, 1990, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 27, 1990, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit temporarily through November 5, 1990, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit temporarily through September 30, 1993, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporarily exempted from limit obligations in an amount equal to the monthly insurance benefits payable under Title II of the Social Security Act in March 1996, the exemption to expire on the earlier of an increase in the limit or March 15, 1996. Temporarily exempted from limit (a) obligations in an amount equal to the monthly insurance benefits payable under Title II of the Social Security Act in March 1996 and (b) certain obligations issued to trust funds and other Federal Government accounts, both exemptions to expire on the earlier of an increase in the limit or March 30, 1996. Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effective after September 21, 2011, increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effective after January 27, 2012, increased the debt limit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suspended the existing debt limit from February 4, 2013, through May 18, 2013, and prospectively increased the limit to accommodate the increase in such debt outstanding as of May 19, 2013. Effective May 19, 2013, reestablished the debt limit at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suspended the existing debt limit from October 17, 2013, through February 7, 2014, and prospectively increased the limit to accommodate the increase in such debt outstanding as of February 8, 2014. Effective February 8, 2014, reestablished the debt limit at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suspended the existing debt limit from February 15, 2014, through March 15, 2015, and prospectively increased the limit to accommodate the increase in such debt outstanding as of March 16, 2015. Effective March 16, 2015, reestablished the debt limit at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suspended the existing debt limit from November 2, 2015, through March 15, 2017, and prospectively increased the limit to accommodate the increase in such debt outstanding as of March 16, 2017. Effective March 16, 2017, reestablished the debt limit at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limit 3,195.0 3,195.0 3,195.0 3,195.0 3,195.0 3,230.0 4,145.0 4,370.0 4,900.0 5,500.0 5,950.0 6,400.0 7,384.0 8,184.0 8,965.0 9,815.0 10,615.0 11,315.0 12,104.0 12,394.0 14,294.0 14,694.0 15,194.0 16,394.0 16,699.4 17,211.6 18,113.0 19,808.8 Table 8.1—OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY: 1962–2022 (in billions of dollars) Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Fiscal Year Total Outlays Total National Defense Nondefense Total Programmatic Total Total Social Security Medicare Other Means Medicaid Tested 1 Entitlements Other Undistribute Net Interest d Offsetting Receipts 2 1962 ................ 1963 ................ 1964 ................ 106.8 111.3 118.5 72.1 75.3 79.1 52.6 53.7 55.0 19.5 21.6 24.1 34.7 36.0 39.4 27.9 28.3 31.2 33.1 34.1 36.9 14.0 15.5 16.2 .......... .......... .......... 0.1 0.2 0.2 4.2 4.6 4.8 14.7 13.9 15.7 -5.3 -5.8 -5.7 6.9 7.7 8.2 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 118.2 134.5 157.5 178.1 183.6 77.8 90.1 106.5 118.0 117.3 51.0 59.0 72.0 82.2 82.7 26.8 31.1 34.5 35.8 34.6 40.4 44.4 51.0 60.2 66.3 31.8 35.0 40.7 49.1 53.6 37.8 41.5 48.0 57.1 61.6 17.1 20.3 21.3 23.3 26.7 .......... .......... 2.5 4.4 5.4 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.7 6.4 15.5 15.5 18.0 21.9 20.9 -5.9 -6.5 -7.3 -8.0 -8.0 8.6 9.4 10.3 11.1 12.7 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 195.6 210.2 230.7 245.7 269.4 120.3 122.5 128.5 130.4 138.2 81.9 79.0 79.3 77.1 80.7 38.3 43.5 49.2 53.3 57.5 75.4 87.6 102.1 115.3 131.2 61.0 72.8 86.7 98.0 109.7 69.6 82.9 96.2 111.4 126.5 29.6 35.1 39.4 48.2 55.0 5.8 6.2 7.0 7.6 9.0 2.7 3.4 4.6 4.6 5.8 7.4 10.0 12.3 12.1 14.3 24.1 28.2 32.9 38.9 42.3 -8.6 -10.1 -9.6 -13.4 -16.7 14.4 14.8 15.5 17.3 21.4 1975 ................ 1976 ................ TQ ................... 1977 ................ 1978 ................ 1979 ................ 332.3 371.8 96.0 409.2 458.7 504.0 158.0 175.6 48.1 197.1 218.7 240.0 87.6 89.9 22.3 97.5 104.6 116.8 70.3 85.7 25.7 99.6 114.1 123.2 174.4 196.2 47.9 212.1 240.0 264.0 151.1 169.5 41.0 182.2 204.6 221.4 164.7 183.9 45.2 197.1 220.3 238.9 63.6 72.7 19.5 83.7 92.4 102.6 12.2 15.0 4.0 18.6 21.8 25.5 6.8 8.6 2.2 9.9 10.7 12.4 18.8 21.9 5.4 23.4 24.5 25.9 63.3 65.7 14.1 61.6 70.9 72.5 -13.6 -14.4 -4.2 -14.9 -15.7 -17.5 23.2 26.7 6.9 29.9 35.5 42.6 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 590.9 678.2 745.7 808.4 851.8 276.3 307.9 326.0 353.3 379.4 134.6 158.0 185.9 209.9 228.0 141.7 149.9 140.0 143.4 151.4 314.6 370.3 419.8 455.1 472.4 262.1 301.6 334.8 365.2 361.3 282.0 329.6 360.9 399.2 393.2 117.1 137.9 153.9 168.5 176.1 31.0 37.9 45.3 51.2 56.0 14.0 16.8 17.4 19.0 20.1 31.0 35.4 34.8 38.3 38.6 89.0 101.6 109.4 122.2 102.5 -19.9 -28.0 -26.1 -34.0 -32.0 52.5 68.8 85.0 89.8 111.1 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 946.3 990.4 1,004.0 1,064.4 1,143.7 415.8 438.5 444.2 464.4 488.8 253.1 273.8 282.5 290.9 304.0 162.7 164.7 161.6 173.5 184.8 530.6 551.9 559.9 600.0 654.9 401.1 415.8 421.2 448.2 485.9 433.8 448.9 463.6 492.9 530.2 186.4 196.5 205.1 216.8 230.4 64.1 68.4 73.4 76.9 82.7 22.7 25.0 27.4 30.5 34.6 40.3 41.9 43.3 47.6 50.8 120.3 116.9 114.3 121.1 131.7 -32.7 -33.0 -42.3 -44.7 -44.3 129.5 136.0 138.6 151.8 169.0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1,253.0 1,324.2 1,381.5 1,409.4 1,461.8 500.6 533.3 533.8 539.8 541.3 300.1 319.7 302.6 292.4 282.3 200.4 213.6 231.2 247.3 259.1 752.4 790.9 847.7 869.6 920.4 568.1 596.5 648.4 670.9 717.5 604.8 635.9 687.7 708.3 755.3 246.5 266.8 285.2 302.0 316.9 95.8 102.0 116.2 127.9 141.8 41.1 52.5 67.8 75.8 82.0 54.6 64.8 75.8 83.3 91.3 166.8 149.7 142.7 119.3 123.1 -36.7 -39.4 -39.3 -37.4 -37.8 184.3 194.4 199.3 198.7 202.9 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1,515.7 1,560.5 1,601.1 1,652.5 1,701.8 544.8 532.7 547.0 552.0 572.1 273.6 266.0 271.7 270.2 275.5 271.2 266.8 275.4 281.7 296.6 971.0 1,027.8 1,054.1 1,100.5 1,129.7 738.8 786.7 810.1 859.3 900.0 783.3 824.3 860.1 906.5 940.4 333.3 347.1 362.3 376.1 387.0 156.9 171.3 187.4 190.2 187.7 89.1 92.0 95.6 101.2 108.0 95.8 99.2 102.6 103.7 109.1 108.2 114.8 112.2 135.2 148.6 -44.5 -37.6 -50.0 -47.2 -40.4 232.1 241.1 244.0 241.1 229.8 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1,789.0 1,862.8 2,010.9 2,159.9 2,292.8 614.6 649.0 734.0 824.3 895.1 295.0 306.1 349.0 404.9 454.1 319.7 343.0 385.0 419.4 441.0 1,174.3 1,213.8 1,276.9 1,335.6 1,397.8 951.4 1,007.6 1,106.0 1,182.5 1,237.5 994.0 1,054.6 1,153.4 1,236.9 1,296.1 406.0 429.4 452.1 470.5 491.5 194.1 214.1 227.7 245.7 264.9 117.9 129.4 147.5 160.7 176.2 114.8 118.9 133.5 146.1 152.6 161.0 162.9 192.6 213.9 210.8 -42.6 -47.0 -47.4 -54.4 -58.5 222.9 206.2 170.9 153.1 160.2 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2,472.0 2,655.0 2,728.7 2,982.5 3,517.7 968.5 1,016.6 1,041.6 1,134.9 1,237.5 493.6 520.0 547.9 612.4 656.7 474.9 496.7 493.7 522.4 580.8 1,503.4 1,638.4 1,687.1 1,847.7 2,280.1 1,319.4 1,411.8 1,450.0 1,594.9 2,093.2 1,384.7 1,480.1 1,532.2 1,681.1 2,185.9 518.7 543.9 581.4 612.1 677.7 294.3 324.9 370.8 385.8 425.1 181.7 180.6 190.6 201.4 250.9 169.4 173.9 176.1 225.1 239.6 220.5 256.8 213.3 256.7 592.5 -65.2 -68.2 -82.2 -86.2 -92.6 184.0 226.6 237.1 252.8 186.9 2010 2011 2012 2013 ................ ................ ................ ................ 3,457.1 3,603.1 3,536.9 3,454.6 1,347.2 1,347.1 1,286.1 1,202.1 688.9 699.4 670.5 625.8 658.3 647.7 615.6 576.4 2,109.9 2,255.9 2,250.9 2,252.5 1,913.7 2,026.0 2,030.4 2,031.6 1,995.8 2,114.4 2,134.0 2,124.4 700.8 724.9 767.7 807.8 446.5 479.9 466.0 491.8 272.8 275.0 250.5 265.4 289.9 308.8 283.5 298.2 286.0 325.8 366.3 261.2 -82.1 -88.5 -103.5 -92.8 196.2 230.0 220.4 220.9 Table 8.1—OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY: 1962–2022—Continued (in billions of dollars) Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Fiscal Year Total Outlays Total National Defense Nondefense Total Programmatic Total Total Social Security Medicare Other Means Medicaid Tested 1 Entitlements Other Undistribute Net Interest d Offsetting Receipts 2 2014 ................ 3,506.1 1,178.7 596.4 582.2 2,327.4 2,098.5 2,186.5 844.9 505.3 301.5 300.2 234.6 -88.0 229.0 2015 ................ 2016 ................ 2017 estimate . 2018 estimate . 2019 estimate . 3,688.4 3,852.6 4,062.2 4,094.4 4,339.6 1,168.7 1,185.3 1,212.7 1,244.1 1,232.0 583.4 584.8 593.8 643.0 665.2 585.3 600.4 618.9 601.1 566.8 2,519.7 2,667.3 2,849.5 2,850.4 3,107.6 2,296.5 2,427.3 2,573.3 2,535.5 2,736.5 2,412.3 2,522.6 2,666.7 2,639.9 2,823.7 881.9 910.3 946.4 1,005.0 1,069.8 539.9 588.4 592.6 581.9 646.1 349.8 368.3 378.5 403.7 422.7 317.1 325.0 335.5 324.4 329.7 323.7 330.6 413.8 324.8 355.4 -115.8 -95.3 -93.4 -104.4 -87.2 223.2 240.0 276.2 314.9 371.1 2020 estimate . 2021 estimate . 2022 estimate . 4,470.1 4,616.7 4,831.7 1,206.6 1,172.8 1,147.7 669.7 667.2 662.3 536.9 505.6 485.4 3,263.5 3,443.9 3,684.0 2,835.5 2,962.6 3,155.8 2,924.1 3,050.2 3,244.1 1,137.2 1,205.2 1,279.2 700.0 755.7 851.4 439.2 460.0 467.2 330.5 332.3 343.2 317.2 296.9 303.2 -88.6 -87.6 -88.3 428.1 481.2 528.2 1 2 See the Section Notes for Section 8 in the Historical Tables Introduction for a list of mandatory accounts classified as means-tested entitlements. Including asset sales. Table 8.2—OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY IN CONSTANT (FY 2009) DOLLARS: 1962–2022 (in billions of dollars) Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Fiscal Year 1962 ................ 1963 ................ 1964 ................ Total Outlays Total National Defense Nondefense Total Programmatic Total Total Social Security Medicare Other Means Medicaid Tested Entitlements1 Other Undistribute Net Interest d Offsetting Receipts 2 739.1 738.6 774.0 546.9 545.5 561.0 400.5 392.4 396.5 146.3 153.1 164.5 192.0 193.4 213.3 153.3 150.5 168.4 198.6 198.7 214.4 78.5 85.4 88.5 .......... .......... .......... 0.6 0.9 1.1 23.7 25.2 26.1 95.8 87.3 98.6 -45.3 -48.2 -46.0 38.6 42.9 44.9 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 761.1 842.7 965.1 1,053.2 1,021.1 544.3 609.0 702.6 750.5 703.7 368.1 406.6 480.6 523.9 499.2 176.1 202.4 222.0 226.5 204.6 216.9 234.0 262.2 302.7 317.7 170.7 184.6 209.8 247.9 257.7 215.7 232.8 262.2 303.7 309.5 91.7 106.9 109.4 116.1 127.7 .......... .......... 12.2 21.3 25.0 1.5 4.1 6.0 9.0 10.9 26.6 26.6 25.9 28.5 30.4 96.0 95.3 108.7 128.8 115.6 -45.1 -48.2 -52.5 -55.8 -51.8 46.2 49.4 52.5 54.8 60.0 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1,030.0 1,035.5 1,065.6 1,084.3 1,097.8 685.1 651.9 631.9 604.4 599.3 470.2 426.4 390.6 354.3 347.2 214.9 225.6 241.2 250.1 252.1 345.3 383.1 433.7 480.1 498.2 280.9 319.7 370.6 412.4 420.0 332.6 374.8 419.0 476.4 495.4 135.3 153.5 165.6 195.4 206.4 25.9 26.5 29.0 30.4 33.0 12.5 14.7 19.4 18.7 21.8 33.6 43.7 51.8 49.2 53.8 125.4 136.4 153.3 182.8 180.3 -51.8 -55.0 -48.4 -64.0 -75.4 64.5 63.3 63.0 67.7 78.2 1975 ................ 1976 ................ TQ ................... 1977 ................ 1978 ................ 1979 ................ 1,233.0 1,287.4 324.2 1,320.9 1,393.4 1,409.4 630.3 658.6 176.0 688.6 720.6 729.1 345.9 333.4 81.2 335.6 337.4 348.1 284.4 325.2 94.8 353.1 383.2 381.1 602.7 628.7 148.2 632.3 672.7 680.1 525.9 546.1 127.3 546.1 576.9 573.5 582.8 601.7 143.1 599.4 629.9 628.9 216.2 232.1 60.2 248.6 257.2 263.5 40.7 47.2 12.3 54.4 59.9 64.6 23.3 27.4 6.9 29.3 29.7 31.9 64.0 69.9 16.6 69.4 68.1 66.5 238.7 225.1 47.0 197.6 215.1 202.4 -56.9 -55.6 -15.8 -53.3 -53.0 -55.4 76.8 82.6 20.8 86.2 95.8 106.6 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1,495.6 1,544.5 1,579.5 1,630.8 1,643.1 762.1 763.1 746.8 771.1 789.5 363.0 382.2 414.0 444.7 461.3 399.1 380.9 332.8 326.4 328.3 733.4 781.4 832.7 859.8 853.5 612.6 637.4 666.1 691.2 652.0 671.0 712.2 732.5 774.5 728.6 272.0 292.1 307.2 321.5 323.4 70.9 79.2 89.0 96.2 101.2 32.4 35.7 34.7 36.2 36.9 72.1 74.9 69.4 73.1 70.8 223.5 230.3 232.2 247.5 196.3 -58.4 -74.8 -66.4 -83.3 -76.6 120.8 144.0 166.6 168.6 201.5 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 1,761.5 1,805.3 1,779.2 1,824.2 1,887.9 832.7 860.2 851.9 865.5 882.6 493.6 522.4 530.5 533.3 538.4 339.1 337.8 321.4 332.2 344.2 928.8 945.1 927.3 958.8 1,005.3 701.6 711.7 694.7 712.0 741.1 776.9 786.6 789.0 808.2 834.6 330.7 339.8 345.8 352.2 358.6 111.9 116.3 121.4 121.9 124.3 40.2 43.2 46.3 49.5 53.9 71.4 72.5 73.1 77.4 79.1 222.6 214.7 202.5 207.2 218.6 -75.3 -74.9 -94.4 -96.1 -93.4 227.2 233.4 232.6 246.8 264.2 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2,009.0 2,029.1 2,040.3 2,021.5 2,058.9 879.0 889.2 865.2 848.1 838.2 513.6 519.1 485.6 464.0 443.4 365.4 370.1 379.6 384.1 394.8 1,130.1 1,140.0 1,175.3 1,173.4 1,220.7 851.9 856.6 891.7 897.3 944.8 928.4 933.5 966.4 964.6 1,009.7 368.8 384.2 400.3 413.2 424.5 138.3 142.3 159.2 171.9 186.2 61.7 75.8 95.5 104.1 110.5 81.7 93.3 106.5 114.1 122.6 277.9 237.8 205.0 161.3 165.9 -76.5 -76.8 -74.7 -67.2 -65.0 278.2 283.4 283.6 276.1 275.9 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2,074.6 2,092.1 2,103.4 2,152.0 2,188.2 815.8 778.8 786.2 786.0 797.4 421.0 400.5 403.1 393.6 392.7 394.8 378.3 383.1 392.4 404.7 1,258.7 1,313.3 1,317.2 1,365.7 1,391.0 949.6 998.2 1,003.8 1,059.8 1,103.1 1,023.7 1,058.1 1,081.5 1,131.5 1,162.8 437.1 446.2 456.7 469.9 478.0 202.7 217.6 233.7 234.4 229.0 117.4 118.9 121.1 127.0 133.9 125.9 127.8 129.5 129.7 135.0 140.5 147.6 140.5 170.4 187.0 -74.1 -59.9 -77.7 -71.7 -59.7 309.1 315.1 313.4 305.9 287.9 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2,244.7 2,276.4 2,417.2 2,525.0 2,612.0 829.8 848.0 931.0 1,000.2 1,048.0 407.7 408.4 449.6 491.5 530.9 422.1 439.6 481.3 508.7 517.1 1,414.7 1,428.6 1,486.3 1,524.9 1,564.1 1,141.1 1,181.4 1,284.6 1,347.7 1,383.1 1,201.1 1,245.7 1,346.1 1,415.2 1,452.3 489.9 506.8 527.3 538.0 550.2 231.7 250.4 263.8 279.6 295.5 142.8 153.2 172.6 184.3 197.7 138.7 140.6 155.9 167.3 170.9 197.9 194.8 226.5 246.0 237.9 -60.0 -64.3 -61.5 -67.5 -69.1 273.7 247.1 201.7 177.2 181.0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 2,722.2 2,826.0 2,829.7 2,988.5 3,517.7 1,085.5 1,094.4 1,084.3 1,139.2 1,237.5 550.7 556.1 567.9 611.3 656.7 534.8 538.2 516.5 527.9 580.8 1,636.6 1,731.8 1,745.4 1,849.3 2,280.1 1,435.1 1,491.5 1,500.5 1,593.6 2,093.2 1,508.7 1,565.4 1,586.5 1,680.9 2,185.9 564.9 574.9 601.9 612.1 677.7 319.7 342.7 383.7 385.2 425.1 198.2 191.2 197.4 201.5 250.9 184.5 183.9 182.3 225.1 239.6 241.3 272.6 221.2 257.0 592.5 -73.6 -74.0 -86.0 -87.3 -92.6 201.5 240.4 244.8 255.7 186.9 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 3,403.7 3,466.2 3,335.8 3,216.6 3,214.8 1,324.8 1,287.1 1,207.0 1,120.2 1,080.2 676.5 666.3 629.8 583.9 547.3 648.3 620.7 577.2 536.2 532.9 2,078.7 2,179.0 2,128.8 2,096.5 2,134.7 1,884.2 1,955.6 1,918.5 1,889.2 1,923.7 1,963.8 2,038.4 2,014.0 1,974.2 2,001.6 689.5 698.5 724.5 751.3 774.1 439.2 463.0 440.3 456.8 462.4 268.5 265.1 236.4 246.8 276.2 285.2 297.6 267.5 277.3 275.1 281.3 314.3 345.3 242.0 213.7 -79.6 -82.8 -95.5 -85.0 -77.8 194.5 223.4 210.3 207.2 211.0 Table 8.2—OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY IN CONSTANT (FY 2009) DOLLARS: 1962–2022—Continued (in billions of dollars) Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Fiscal Year Total Outlays Total National Defense Nondefense Total Programmatic Total Total Social Security Medicare Other Means Medicaid Tested Entitlements1 Other Undistribute Net Interest d Offsetting Receipts 2 2015 ................ 2016 ................ 2017 estimate . 2018 estimate . 2019 estimate . 3,360.4 3,481.5 3,588.2 3,539.7 3,668.9 1,059.0 1,066.5 1,069.1 1,075.6 1,043.7 533.3 532.2 530.6 564.3 572.3 525.6 534.3 538.4 511.3 471.3 2,301.4 2,415.0 2,519.2 2,464.1 2,625.3 2,098.2 2,199.0 2,275.1 2,191.4 2,310.2 2,199.5 2,281.2 2,354.3 2,278.2 2,381.2 803.6 822.6 835.3 867.1 902.3 493.2 533.2 524.3 503.3 546.0 318.7 332.8 334.0 348.2 356.4 288.9 293.7 296.0 279.8 278.0 295.0 299.0 364.7 279.7 298.5 -101.3 -82.3 -79.2 -86.8 -71.1 203.2 216.0 244.1 272.7 315.1 2020 estimate . 2021 estimate . 2022 estimate . 3,695.8 3,732.5 3,820.4 1,001.1 953.0 913.3 565.0 551.8 537.0 436.2 401.2 376.3 2,694.6 2,779.6 2,907.3 2,338.2 2,386.7 2,484.6 2,409.0 2,455.3 2,552.4 937.5 971.2 1,007.7 577.9 609.5 670.9 362.0 370.6 368.0 272.5 267.8 270.4 259.1 236.2 235.5 -70.8 -68.6 -67.8 356.4 392.8 422.7 1 2 See the Section Notes for Section 8 in the Historical Tables Introduction for a list of mandatory accounts classified as means-tested entitlements. Including asset sales. Table 8.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY: 1962–2022 Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Fiscal Year Total Outlays Total National Defense Nondefense Total Programmatic Total Total Social Security Medicare Other Means Medicaid Tested Entitlements1 Other Undistribute Net Interest d Offsetting Receipts 2 1962 ................ 1963 ................ 1964 ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 67.5 67.6 66.8 49.2 48.3 46.4 18.3 19.4 20.3 32.5 32.4 33.2 26.1 25.4 26.3 31.0 30.6 31.1 13.2 13.9 13.7 .......... .......... .......... 0.1 0.1 0.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 13.8 12.5 13.2 -4.9 -5.2 -4.8 6.4 7.0 6.9 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 65.8 67.0 67.6 66.2 63.9 43.2 43.9 45.7 46.1 45.0 22.6 23.2 21.9 20.1 18.8 34.2 33.0 32.4 33.8 36.1 26.9 26.0 25.9 27.5 29.2 31.9 30.9 30.5 32.1 33.5 14.4 15.1 13.5 13.1 14.5 .......... .......... 1.6 2.5 2.9 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.2 4.2 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.5 13.1 11.5 11.4 12.3 11.4 -5.0 -4.9 -4.6 -4.5 -4.3 7.3 7.0 6.5 6.2 6.9 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 61.5 58.3 55.7 53.1 51.3 41.9 37.6 34.4 31.4 30.0 19.6 20.7 21.3 21.7 21.3 38.5 41.7 44.3 46.9 48.7 31.2 34.6 37.6 39.9 40.7 35.6 39.4 41.7 45.3 46.9 15.2 16.7 17.1 19.6 20.4 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 1.4 1.6 2.0 1.9 2.2 3.8 4.8 5.3 4.9 5.3 12.3 13.4 14.3 15.8 15.7 -4.4 -4.8 -4.2 -5.5 -6.2 7.4 7.1 6.7 7.1 8.0 1975 ................ 1976 ................ TQ ................... 1977 ................ 1978 ................ 1979 ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 47.5 47.2 50.1 48.2 47.7 47.6 26.4 24.2 23.2 23.8 22.8 23.2 21.2 23.1 26.8 24.3 24.9 24.4 52.5 52.8 49.9 51.8 52.3 52.4 45.5 45.6 42.7 44.5 44.6 43.9 49.6 49.5 47.1 48.2 48.0 47.4 19.1 19.6 20.3 20.5 20.2 20.4 3.7 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.1 19.0 17.7 14.7 15.1 15.4 14.4 -4.1 -3.9 -4.4 -3.6 -3.4 -3.5 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.7 8.5 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 46.8 45.4 43.7 43.7 44.5 22.8 23.3 24.9 26.0 26.8 24.0 22.1 18.8 17.7 17.8 53.2 54.6 56.3 56.3 55.5 44.4 44.5 44.9 45.2 42.4 47.7 48.6 48.4 49.4 46.2 19.8 20.3 20.6 20.8 20.7 5.2 5.6 6.1 6.3 6.6 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.4 5.2 5.2 4.7 4.7 4.5 15.1 15.0 14.7 15.1 12.0 -3.4 -4.1 -3.5 -4.2 -3.8 8.9 10.1 11.4 11.1 13.0 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 43.9 44.3 44.2 43.6 42.7 26.7 27.6 28.1 27.3 26.6 17.2 16.6 16.1 16.3 16.2 56.1 55.7 55.8 56.4 57.3 42.4 42.0 42.0 42.1 42.5 45.8 45.3 46.2 46.3 46.4 19.7 19.8 20.4 20.4 20.1 6.8 6.9 7.3 7.2 7.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.0 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 12.7 11.8 11.4 11.4 11.5 -3.5 -3.3 -4.2 -4.2 -3.9 13.7 13.7 13.8 14.3 14.8 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 40.0 40.3 38.6 38.3 37.0 24.0 24.1 21.9 20.7 19.3 16.0 16.1 16.7 17.5 17.7 60.0 59.7 61.4 61.7 63.0 45.3 45.0 46.9 47.6 49.1 48.3 48.0 49.8 50.3 51.7 19.7 20.1 20.6 21.4 21.7 7.6 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.7 3.3 4.0 4.9 5.4 5.6 4.4 4.9 5.5 5.9 6.2 13.3 11.3 10.3 8.5 8.4 -2.9 -3.0 -2.8 -2.7 -2.6 14.7 14.7 14.4 14.1 13.9 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 35.9 34.1 34.2 33.4 33.6 18.0 17.0 17.0 16.4 16.2 17.9 17.1 17.2 17.1 17.4 64.1 65.9 65.8 66.6 66.4 48.7 50.4 50.6 52.0 52.9 51.7 52.8 53.7 54.9 55.3 22.0 22.2 22.6 22.8 22.7 10.4 11.0 11.7 11.5 11.0 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.4 7.1 7.4 7.0 8.2 8.7 -2.9 -2.4 -3.1 -2.9 -2.4 15.3 15.4 15.2 14.6 13.5 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 34.4 34.8 36.5 38.2 39.0 16.5 16.4 17.4 18.7 19.8 17.9 18.4 19.1 19.4 19.2 65.6 65.2 63.5 61.8 61.0 53.2 54.1 55.0 54.7 54.0 55.6 56.6 57.4 57.3 56.5 22.7 23.0 22.5 21.8 21.4 10.9 11.5 11.3 11.4 11.6 6.6 6.9 7.3 7.4 7.7 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.7 9.0 8.7 9.6 9.9 9.2 -2.4 -2.5 -2.4 -2.5 -2.6 12.5 11.1 8.5 7.1 7.0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 39.2 38.3 38.2 38.1 35.2 20.0 19.6 20.1 20.5 18.7 19.2 18.7 18.1 17.5 16.5 60.8 61.7 61.8 61.9 64.8 53.4 53.2 53.1 53.5 59.5 56.0 55.7 56.2 56.4 62.1 21.0 20.5 21.3 20.5 19.3 11.9 12.2 13.6 12.9 12.1 7.4 6.8 7.0 6.8 7.1 6.9 6.5 6.5 7.5 6.8 8.9 9.7 7.8 8.6 16.8 -2.6 -2.6 -3.0 -2.9 -2.6 7.4 8.5 8.7 8.5 5.3 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 39.0 37.4 36.4 34.8 33.6 19.9 19.4 19.0 18.1 17.0 19.0 18.0 17.4 16.7 16.6 61.0 62.6 63.6 65.2 66.4 55.4 56.2 57.4 58.8 59.9 57.7 58.7 60.3 61.5 62.4 20.3 20.1 21.7 23.4 24.1 12.9 13.3 13.2 14.2 14.4 7.9 7.6 7.1 7.7 8.6 8.4 8.6 8.0 8.6 8.6 8.3 9.0 10.4 7.6 6.7 -2.4 -2.5 -2.9 -2.7 -2.5 5.7 6.4 6.2 6.4 6.5 2015 ................ 100.0 31.7 15.8 15.9 68.3 62.3 65.4 23.9 14.6 9.5 8.6 8.8 -3.1 6.1 Table 8.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY: 1962–2022—Continued Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Fiscal Year Total Outlays Total National Defense Nondefense Total Programmatic Total Total Social Security Medicare Other Means Medicaid Tested Entitlements1 Other Undistribute Net Interest d Offsetting Receipts 2 2016 ................ 2017 estimate . 2018 estimate . 2019 estimate . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 30.8 29.9 30.4 28.4 15.2 14.6 15.7 15.3 15.6 15.2 14.7 13.1 69.2 70.1 69.6 71.6 63.0 63.3 61.9 63.1 65.5 65.6 64.5 65.1 23.6 23.3 24.5 24.7 15.3 14.6 14.2 14.9 9.6 9.3 9.9 9.7 8.4 8.3 7.9 7.6 8.6 10.2 7.9 8.2 -2.5 -2.3 -2.5 -2.0 6.2 6.8 7.7 8.6 2020 estimate . 2021 estimate . 2022 estimate . 100.0 100.0 100.0 27.0 25.4 23.8 15.0 14.5 13.7 12.0 11.0 10.0 73.0 74.6 76.2 63.4 64.2 65.3 65.4 66.1 67.1 25.4 26.1 26.5 15.7 16.4 17.6 9.8 10.0 9.7 7.4 7.2 7.1 7.1 6.4 6.3 -2.0 -1.9 -1.8 9.6 10.4 10.9 * 0.05 percent or less. 1 See the Section Notes for Section 8 in the Historical Tables Introduction for a list of mandatory accounts classified as means-tested entitlements. 2 Including asset sales. Table 8.4—OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1962–2022 Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Fiscal Year Total Outlays Total National Defense Nondefense Total Programmatic Total Total Social Security Medicare Other Means Medicaid Tested Entitlements1 Other Undistribute Net Interest d Offsetting Receipts 2 1962 ................ 1963 ................ 1964 ................ 18.2 18.0 17.9 12.3 12.2 11.9 9.0 8.7 8.3 3.3 3.5 3.6 5.9 5.8 5.9 4.7 4.6 4.7 5.6 5.5 5.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 .......... .......... .......... * * * 0.7 0.7 0.7 2.5 2.2 2.4 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 16.6 17.2 18.8 19.8 18.7 10.9 11.5 12.7 13.1 11.9 7.2 7.5 8.6 9.1 8.4 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.5 5.7 5.7 6.1 6.7 6.8 4.5 4.5 4.9 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.7 6.4 6.3 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 .......... .......... 0.3 0.5 0.5 * 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.1 -0.8 -0.8 -0.9 -0.9 -0.8 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 18.6 18.8 18.9 18.1 18.1 11.5 10.9 10.5 9.6 9.3 7.8 7.1 6.5 5.7 5.4 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 7.2 7.8 8.4 8.5 8.8 5.8 6.5 7.1 7.2 7.4 6.6 7.4 7.9 8.2 8.5 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.8 -0.8 -0.9 -0.8 -1.0 -1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1975 ................ 1976 ................ TQ ................... 1977 ................ 1978 ................ 1979 ................ 20.6 20.8 20.3 20.2 20.1 19.6 9.8 9.8 10.2 9.7 9.6 9.3 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.8 5.4 4.9 5.0 4.8 10.8 11.0 10.1 10.5 10.5 10.3 9.4 9.5 8.7 9.0 9.0 8.6 10.2 10.3 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.3 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 3.9 3.7 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.8 -0.8 -0.8 -0.9 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 21.1 21.6 22.5 22.8 21.5 9.9 9.8 9.8 10.0 9.6 4.8 5.0 5.6 5.9 5.8 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.1 3.8 11.2 11.8 12.7 12.9 11.9 9.4 9.6 10.1 10.3 9.1 10.1 10.5 10.9 11.3 9.9 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.5 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 2.6 -0.7 -0.9 -0.8 -1.0 -0.8 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.8 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 22.2 21.8 21.0 20.6 20.5 9.7 9.7 9.3 9.0 8.8 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.6 5.5 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.3 12.4 12.2 11.7 11.6 11.8 9.4 9.2 8.8 8.7 8.7 10.2 9.9 9.7 9.6 9.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 -0.8 -0.7 -0.9 -0.9 -0.8 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 21.2 21.7 21.5 20.7 20.3 8.5 8.7 8.3 7.9 7.5 5.1 5.2 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 12.7 12.9 13.2 12.8 12.8 9.6 9.8 10.1 9.9 10.0 10.2 10.4 10.7 10.4 10.5 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.8 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.7 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 20.0 19.6 18.9 18.5 17.9 7.2 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.0 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 12.8 12.9 12.4 12.3 11.9 9.7 9.9 9.5 9.6 9.5 10.3 10.3 10.1 10.1 9.9 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.4 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 17.6 17.6 18.5 19.1 19.0 6.1 6.1 6.7 7.3 7.4 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.6 3.8 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.6 11.6 11.5 11.7 11.8 11.6 9.4 9.5 10.2 10.4 10.2 9.8 10.0 10.6 10.9 10.7 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.7 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 2.2 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.3 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 19.2 19.4 19.1 20.2 24.4 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.7 8.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.6 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.5 4.0 11.7 12.0 11.8 12.5 15.8 10.2 10.3 10.1 10.8 14.5 10.7 10.8 10.7 11.4 15.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.7 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.9 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.7 4.1 -0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.3 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ 23.4 23.4 22.1 20.9 20.4 9.1 8.8 8.0 7.3 6.8 4.7 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.5 4.4 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.4 14.3 14.7 14.0 13.6 13.5 12.9 13.2 12.7 12.3 12.2 13.5 13.7 13.3 12.9 12.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 1.6 1.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 2015 ................ 20.6 6.5 3.3 3.3 14.1 12.8 13.5 4.9 3.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 -0.6 1.2 Table 8.4—OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1962–2022—Continued Discretionary Mandatory and Net Interest Mandatory Fiscal Year Total Outlays Total National Defense Nondefense Total Programmatic Total Total Social Security Medicare Other Means Medicaid Tested Entitlements1 Other Undistribute Net Interest d Offsetting Receipts 2 2016 ................ 2017 estimate . 2018 estimate . 2019 estimate . 20.9 21.2 20.5 20.7 6.4 6.3 6.2 5.9 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.7 14.5 14.9 14.2 14.8 13.2 13.4 12.7 13.1 13.7 13.9 13.2 13.5 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.7 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 2020 estimate . 2021 estimate . 2022 estimate . 20.3 20.0 19.9 5.5 5.1 4.7 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.0 14.8 14.9 15.2 12.9 12.8 13.0 13.3 13.2 13.4 5.2 5.2 5.3 3.2 3.3 3.5 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 1.9 2.1 2.2 * 0.05 percent or less. 1 See the Section Notes for Section 8 in the Historical Tables Introduction for a list of mandatory accounts classified as means-tested entitlements. 2 Including asset sales. Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2022 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services ............................. Health: Medicaid .............................................................................................. Other .................................................................................................... Total health ..................................................................................... 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 310 382 334 356 504 882 1,017 943 1,281 103 8 110 157 12 169 210 15 225 272 24 296 770 38 808 1,173 26 1,199 1,806 24 1,830 2,285 35 2,319 2,727 38 2,765 Medicare ................................................................................................... Income security: General retirement and disability ......................................................... Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................ Unemployment compensation ............................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................. Family and Other Support Assistance ................................................. Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) ............. Total income security ...................................................................... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 2,525 4,427 5,396 5,848 652 1,951 3,499 275 2,329 -2 622 2,233 3,127 284 2,572 -3 671 2,546 2,912 308 2,734 -43 643 2,858 2,342 299 2,787 13 708 3,319 1,964 363 2,758 -* 702 3,789 1,994 418 2,720 14 912 4,271 2,266 505 3,166 13 1,002 4,767 2,293 587 3,618 21 997 5,528 3,074 960 4,142 -5 8,704 8,835 9,129 8,943 9,112 9,638 11,133 12,287 14,696 Social Security .......................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans ............................................................... Other .................................................................................................... Total veterans benefits and services .............................................. 14,047 15,456 16,247 17,077 20,257 21,292 23,293 26,700 29,647 3,970 393 4,363 4,208 -10 4,198 4,148 123 4,271 4,216 55 4,271 4,185 237 4,422 4,547 605 5,151 4,668 687 5,355 5,041 801 5,842 5,552 1,060 6,612 Total mandatory human resource programs ............................. 27,535 29,040 30,206 30,944 35,103 40,688 47,055 53,486 60,848 Other mandatory programs: National defense ....................................................................................... International affairs ................................................................................... Energy ...................................................................................................... Agriculture ................................................................................................. Deposit insurance ..................................................................................... Other commerce and housing credit ........................................................ Community and regional development ..................................................... General government ................................................................................. Other undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................... All other ..................................................................................................... -206 132 -50 3,192 -394 477 37 -218 -5,274 2,626 -318 62 -113 3,930 -423 -879 47 -127 -5,797 2,860 -281 341 -114 4,118 -436 -323 39 -129 -5,708 3,481 -403 569 -131 3,433 -389 -87 68 -96 -5,908 3,844 -887 518 -132 1,851 -486 1,880 96 -99 -6,542 3,701 -573 218 -54 2,327 -401 2,137 107 -144 -7,294 3,712 -226 430 -3 3,783 -522 2,700 101 -140 -8,045 3,933 -218 519 -10 5,062 -603 -554 76 -1 -7,986 3,852 -220 367 12 4,340 -501 513 101 29 -8,632 4,159 Total other mandatory programs ............................................... 322 -757 988 900 -101 35 2,011 137 166 Total mandatory programs ..................................................... 27,857 28,283 31,193 31,844 35,002 40,723 49,066 53,623 61,015 9,120 9,895 10,666 11,346 12,014 13,391 14,573 16,588 19,304 -824 -609 -797 -895 -582 -678 -1,006 -607 -855 -1,121 -648 -986 -1,259 -642 -727 -1,492 -792 -839 -1,689 -979 -816 -1,953 -1,149 -788 -2,367 -1,568 -989 Total net interest ...................................................................... 6,889 7,740 8,199 8,591 9,386 10,268 11,090 12,699 14,380 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ...................................... 34,746 36,022 39,392 40,435 44,389 50,991 60,156 66,322 75,395 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) .................................................. Interest received by: On-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Off-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. * $500 thousand or less. Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services ............................. Health: Medicaid .............................................................................................. Other .................................................................................................... Total health ..................................................................................... 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1,420 2,536 2,196 2,240 2,955 3,159 835 3,443 4,298 3,362 64 3,426 4,601 75 4,677 4,600 189 4,789 5,818 166 5,984 6,840 269 7,109 8,568 450 9,019 2,229 115 2,343 9,876 491 10,367 10,680 550 11,230 6,225 7,024 7,613 8,972 12,214 14,997 4,043 18,576 21,832 1,574 6,567 5,749 2,179 .......... 5,486 .......... -2 21,553 1,771 7,665 6,640 3,218 .......... 6,559 .......... -31 25,822 2,554 8,880 4,887 3,641 .......... 5,922 .......... -20 25,864 2,706 10,762 5,589 4,433 1,954 5,423 .......... 1 30,868 4,661 13,199 12,806 6,643 4,320 5,121 .......... -69 46,680 2,971 15,452 18,565 7,809 4,573 5,849 808 -2 56,025 1,158 4,262 3,789 1,782 1,165 1,606 86 7 13,855 3,277 17,700 14,331 8,233 4,772 6,351 901 -39 55,525 3,082 19,814 10,886 8,437 5,280 6,639 881 -1 55,018 Social Security .......................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans ............................................................... Other .................................................................................................... Total veterans benefits and services .............................................. 35,131 39,364 48,176 54,990 63,557 72,699 19,458 83,690 92,447 5,973 1,481 6,354 1,632 6,540 2,413 6,794 3,221 7,877 4,585 8,369 5,514 2,085 718 9,229 3,550 9,759 3,345 7,454 7,987 8,953 10,016 12,462 13,883 2,803 12,779 13,104 Medicare ................................................................................................... Income security: General retirement and disability ......................................................... Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................ Unemployment compensation ............................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................. Supplemental Security Income ............................................................ Family and Other Support Assistance ................................................. Earned Income Tax Credit ................................................................... Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) ............. Total income security ...................................................................... Total mandatory human resource programs ............................. 75,209 87,409 97,592 113,068 144,979 169,782 43,338 184,380 197,929 Other mandatory programs: National defense ....................................................................................... International affairs ................................................................................... Energy ...................................................................................................... Agriculture ................................................................................................. Deposit insurance ..................................................................................... Other commerce and housing credit ........................................................ Community and regional development ..................................................... General government ................................................................................. Other undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................... All other ..................................................................................................... -137 389 148 3,406 -383 63 266 -5 -10,107 3,952 -164 200 203 4,315 -597 912 376 -1 -9,583 3,588 -414 -681 163 3,886 -808 -231 1,041 6,489 -13,409 4,336 -1,373 -487 614 1,249 -613 2,901 772 6,260 -16,749 4,061 -1,107 -1,058 1,179 1,950 508 6,588 644 6,653 -13,602 4,389 -257 -1,026 1,615 2,050 -573 5,428 793 6,161 -14,386 -98 -44 -857 404 701 -63 -159 227 1,789 -4,206 -159 -276 -1,660 1,985 5,541 -2,788 2,426 964 6,895 -14,879 -342 -153 -1,060 2,697 9,998 -988 3,872 996 7,324 -15,720 -316 Total other mandatory programs ............................................... -2,409 -750 373 -3,366 6,144 -294 -2,367 -2,136 6,650 Total mandatory programs ..................................................... 72,800 86,660 97,964 109,703 151,123 169,488 40,971 182,244 204,578 20,959 21,849 24,167 29,319 32,665 37,076 8,104 41,915 48,712 -2,820 -1,942 -1,356 -2,983 -2,106 -1,282 -3,156 -2,280 -1,382 -4,064 -2,520 -1,286 -4,861 -2,803 -1,756 -4,988 -2,812 -2,549 -177 -93 -885 -5,488 -2,650 -3,875 -6,128 -2,403 -4,724 Total net interest ...................................................................... 14,841 15,478 17,349 21,449 23,244 26,727 6,949 29,901 35,458 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ...................................... 87,641 102,137 115,313 131,152 174,368 196,215 47,919 212,145 240,036 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) .................................................. Interest received by: On-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Off-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services ............................. Health: Medicaid .............................................................................................. Other .................................................................................................... Total health ..................................................................................... 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 5,275 6,048 7,820 7,066 5,868 7,044 6,786 6,981 6,253 12,407 574 12,981 13,957 741 14,698 16,833 931 17,764 17,391 1,071 18,462 18,985 1,119 20,104 20,061 1,426 21,487 22,655 1,284 23,939 24,995 706 25,702 27,435 1,875 29,311 Medicare ................................................................................................... Income security: General retirement and disability ......................................................... Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................ Unemployment compensation ............................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................. Supplemental Security Income ............................................................ Family and Other Support Assistance ................................................. Earned Income Tax Credit ................................................................... Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance ..................... Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) ............. Total income security ...................................................................... 25,507 31,010 37,927 45,312 51,245 56,009 64,087 68,445 73,393 4,025 22,631 9,837 10,109 4,865 6,610 773 .......... 63 58,914 4,731 26,565 16,889 13,114 5,716 7,308 1,275 .......... 153 75,752 5,053 31,243 18,319 15,085 6,467 8,175 1,318 557 891 87,109 5,149 34,289 22,278 14,442 6,864 7,990 1,201 418 675 93,306 5,101 36,456 29,568 16,493 7,894 8,391 1,213 410 550 106,075 4,984 38,006 17,019 16,345 7,633 8,854 1,193 659 1,222 95,915 5,168 38,541 15,844 16,683 8,654 9,224 1,100 749 13,861 109,824 4,899 41,310 16,135 16,638 9,323 9,877 1,415 808 942 101,347 5,133 43,692 15,475 16,859 9,933 10,540 1,410 802 1,378 105,221 Social Security .......................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans ............................................................... Other .................................................................................................... Total veterans benefits and services .............................................. 102,594 117,053 137,881 153,916 168,513 176,052 186,432 196,547 205,072 10,793 2,888 13,680 11,700 2,303 14,004 12,921 2,446 15,367 13,723 2,037 15,760 14,263 1,603 15,867 14,412 1,569 15,981 14,728 1,171 15,899 15,047 614 15,662 14,978 713 15,692 Total mandatory human resource programs ............................. 218,951 258,564 303,869 333,822 367,672 372,489 406,966 414,684 434,940 Other mandatory programs: National defense ....................................................................................... International affairs ................................................................................... Energy ...................................................................................................... Agriculture ................................................................................................. Deposit insurance ..................................................................................... Universal service fund .............................................................................. Other commerce and housing credit ........................................................ Community and regional development ..................................................... General government ................................................................................. Spectrum auctions and major asset sales ............................................... Other undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................... All other ..................................................................................................... -434 -1,683 3,070 9,658 -1,745 .......... 2,630 1,233 7,516 .......... -17,476 -320 -634 -61 4,008 7,240 -375 .......... 4,686 1,816 7,762 .......... -19,942 -979 -452 -544 4,831 9,559 -1,383 .......... 5,316 1,509 6,087 .......... -28,041 810 -625 -582 4,914 14,174 -2,085 .......... 4,759 1,670 5,202 .......... -26,099 -391 21 -1,755 2,870 21,189 -1,156 .......... 4,321 1,477 5,230 .......... -33,976 -646 -635 -398 58 11,653 -841 42 4,084 1,356 5,311 .......... -31,957 94 -366 -1,221 -893 23,446 -2,151 108 2,698 1,008 4,872 .......... -32,698 -694 -459 -3,562 -331 29,414 1,512 169 508 1,101 5,314 .......... -33,007 502 -521 -1,679 -369 24,493 3,099 253 2,401 617 257 -7,736 -34,581 70 Total other mandatory programs ............................................... 2,447 3,520 -2,307 937 -2,425 -11,232 -5,892 1,161 -13,695 Total mandatory programs ..................................................... 221,398 262,085 301,562 334,759 365,247 361,257 401,074 415,845 421,245 59,855 74,803 95,535 117,227 128,653 153,866 178,871 190,272 195,242 -7,727 -2,224 -7,271 -9,707 -2,339 -10,224 -11,523 -2,288 -12,958 -13,995 -2,071 -16,129 -15,257 -1,845 -21,743 -17,044 -3,310 -22,410 -21,838 -4,118 -23,438 -26,628 -4,329 -23,298 -29,614 -5,290 -21,727 Total net interest ...................................................................... 42,633 52,533 68,766 85,032 89,808 111,102 129,478 136,017 138,611 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ...................................... 264,030 314,618 370,328 419,790 455,054 472,358 530,552 551,862 559,856 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) .................................................. Interest received by: On-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Off-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services ............................. Health: Medicaid .............................................................................................. Other .................................................................................................... Total health ..................................................................................... 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 6,632 8,211 9,297 10,634 8,720 10,911 5,713 12,081 9,840 30,462 1,870 32,332 34,604 721 35,325 41,103 1,733 42,836 52,533 2,471 55,004 67,827 3,694 71,521 75,774 3,975 79,750 82,034 4,561 86,595 89,070 4,304 93,374 91,990 4,783 96,773 76,906 82,710 95,803 102,045 116,178 127,903 141,834 156,884 171,272 4,882 46,813 13,641 17,832 11,370 10,764 2,698 1,004 1,180 110,183 5,179 49,102 13,940 18,914 11,503 11,166 4,002 1,344 736 115,886 4,673 51,916 17,128 21,338 11,493 12,246 4,354 1,579 424 125,151 4,439 56,035 25,112 25,690 14,668 13,520 4,885 2,120 238 146,706 4,986 57,492 36,999 29,502 17,239 15,103 7,345 2,505 164 171,335 3,888 59,963 35,461 31,739 20,343 15,628 8,781 2,628 180 178,612 5,272 62,396 26,440 33,038 23,700 16,508 10,950 2,985 132 181,421 4,697 65,741 21,305 33,515 23,583 17,133 15,244 3,226 145 184,589 4,847 67,934 22,583 33,747 22,938 16,670 19,159 3,691 167 191,736 Social Security .......................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans ............................................................... Other .................................................................................................... Total veterans benefits and services .............................................. 216,808 230,395 246,495 266,765 285,167 301,985 316,913 333,273 347,051 15,980 1,710 17,690 16,562 1,295 17,857 15,261 777 16,038 16,981 535 17,516 17,318 1,608 18,925 17,781 2,038 19,819 19,638 1,201 20,840 18,993 1,437 20,430 18,228 1,121 19,349 Total mandatory human resource programs ............................. 460,550 490,384 535,620 598,670 671,846 718,979 753,315 800,631 836,021 Other mandatory programs: National defense ....................................................................................... International affairs ................................................................................... Energy ...................................................................................................... Agriculture ................................................................................................. Deposit insurance ..................................................................................... Universal service fund .............................................................................. Other commerce and housing credit ........................................................ Community and regional development ..................................................... General government ................................................................................. Spectrum auctions and major asset sales ............................................... Other undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................... All other ..................................................................................................... -559 -1,482 -671 15,053 10,013 349 6,546 1,373 1,420 -7,714 -36,967 284 -479 -1,025 -2,175 14,454 22,003 499 3,898 1,254 1,098 -7,096 -37,212 326 -821 -5,212 -1,420 9,288 57,946 648 5,172 1,197 1,545 -85 -36,615 806 -46,419 -3,852 -1,973 12,372 66,168 769 5,987 649 1,331 .......... -39,356 2,153 -4,256 -3,070 -897 11,030 2,612 826 4,856 433 1,975 .......... -39,280 2,306 -1,346 -4,352 -1,240 16,109 -27,988 866 3,166 684 1,185 .......... -37,386 2,242 -626 -3,745 -1,184 10,648 -7,601 890 1,630 -246 -391 .......... -37,772 2,562 -1,499 -3,672 -1,829 5,782 -17,859 929 -3,725 548 1,609 -7,644 -36,811 2,387 -213 -4,856 -3,122 5,026 -8,405 957 -4,710 308 244 -342 -37,278 3,068 Medicare ................................................................................................... Income security: General retirement and disability ......................................................... Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................ Unemployment compensation ............................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................. Supplemental Security Income ............................................................ Family and Other Support Assistance ................................................. Earned Income Tax Credit ................................................................... Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance ..................... Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) ............. Total income security ...................................................................... Total other mandatory programs ............................................... -12,355 -4,454 32,448 -2,170 -23,465 -48,060 -35,835 -61,784 -49,323 Total mandatory programs ..................................................... 448,195 485,930 568,068 596,499 648,382 670,919 717,480 738,847 786,698 214,047 240,845 264,691 285,421 292,294 292,479 296,253 332,379 343,918 -34,406 -7,416 -20,422 -40,467 -11,395 -20,003 -46,321 -15,991 -18,032 -50,426 -20,222 -20,325 -54,193 -23,637 -15,120 -55,537 -26,788 -11,442 -56,494 -29,203 -7,623 -59,871 -33,305 -7,069 -60,869 -36,507 -5,489 Total net interest ...................................................................... 151,803 168,981 184,347 194,448 199,344 198,713 202,932 232,134 241,053 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ...................................... 599,998 654,911 752,415 790,948 847,726 869,632 920,412 970,981 1,027,751 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) .................................................. Interest received by: On-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Off-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services ............................. Health: Medicaid .............................................................................................. Childrens Health Insurance ................................................................. Other .................................................................................................... Total health ..................................................................................... 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 9,300 7,943 5,442 4,788 2,798 7,785 11,324 12,755 18,430 95,552 .......... 5,321 100,873 101,234 5 5,292 106,531 108,042 565 5,464 114,071 117,921 1,220 5,441 124,582 129,374 3,699 6,003 139,076 147,512 3,682 5,889 157,083 160,693 4,355 10,250 175,298 176,231 4,607 11,548 192,386 181,720 5,129 13,218 200,067 187,441 190,233 187,694 194,115 214,061 227,699 245,709 264,890 294,334 4,328 71,389 20,595 31,664 25,367 16,467 21,856 .......... 4,047 -123 195,590 4,247 73,343 19,586 29,208 26,111 17,485 23,239 .......... 4,451 -830 196,840 1,492 74,982 21,356 28,700 26,698 19,171 25,632 445 4,707 -663 202,520 4,817 77,003 20,742 28,021 29,511 20,607 26,099 809 5,453 -764 212,298 5,395 80,821 27,909 29,428 25,875 24,205 26,123 982 5,711 -636 225,813 5,373 83,193 50,663 33,240 29,378 25,112 27,826 5,060 5,885 -998 264,732 6,677 84,994 54,403 37,435 30,445 26,023 31,961 6,435 6,124 -845 283,652 6,225 88,540 42,384 40,699 31,228 24,235 33,134 8,857 6,340 -846 280,796 6,637 93,189 32,312 45,375 35,284 24,167 34,559 14,624 6,427 -961 291,613 Social Security .......................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans ............................................................... Other .................................................................................................... Total veterans benefits and services .............................................. 362,296 376,119 386,991 406,048 429,368 452,073 470,453 491,537 518,712 20,435 252 20,687 21,350 1,909 23,259 22,184 1,599 23,783 24,906 1,343 26,249 22,497 85 22,582 26,718 126 26,844 29,091 2,167 31,258 30,849 308 31,157 35,767 3,871 39,638 Medicare ................................................................................................... Income security: General retirement and disability ......................................................... Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................ Unemployment compensation ............................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................. Supplemental Security Income ............................................................ Family and Other Support Assistance ................................................. Earned Income Tax Credit ................................................................... Child Tax Credit ................................................................................... Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance ..................... Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) ............. Total income security ...................................................................... Total mandatory human resource programs ............................. 876,187 900,925 920,501 968,080 1,033,698 1,136,216 1,217,694 1,273,521 1,362,794 Other mandatory programs: National defense ....................................................................................... International affairs ................................................................................... Energy ...................................................................................................... Agriculture ................................................................................................. Deposit insurance ..................................................................................... Universal service fund .............................................................................. Other commerce and housing credit ........................................................ Community and regional development ..................................................... General government ................................................................................. Spectrum auctions and major asset sales ............................................... Other undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................... All other ..................................................................................................... -1,172 -3,736 -3,431 4,946 -14,386 1,001 -2,827 281 817 -11,006 -38,967 2,388 -2,056 -5,097 -2,440 7,880 -4,372 1,769 3,203 -424 4,020 -7,800 -39,394 3,131 -694 -4,237 -2,217 18,448 -5,282 3,293 4,218 -97 3,376 -1,753 -38,692 3,110 -602 -4,019 -3,719 31,943 -3,054 4,074 -2,221 -840 1,154 -150 -42,431 3,160 -1,343 -5,994 -2,888 21,294 -1,568 4,947 962 -556 1,719 -1,024 -45,987 4,378 -496 -3,879 -2,500 16,800 -1,026 5,108 -5,460 -1,075 2,838 -1 -47,391 6,861 -209 -6,632 -3,797 16,854 -1,431 8,403 -5,626 -648 7,860 .......... -54,382 4,401 1,756 -6,885 -3,553 9,685 -1,979 12,790 -5,687 156 6,275 .......... -58,537 9,989 1,691 -4,455 -3,366 20,591 -1,372 7,726 -862 1,343 501 -160 -65,064 63 Total other mandatory programs ............................................... -66,092 -41,580 -20,527 -16,705 -26,060 -30,221 -35,207 -35,990 -43,364 Total mandatory programs ..................................................... 810,095 859,345 899,974 951,375 1,007,638 1,105,995 1,182,487 1,237,531 1,319,430 355,764 363,759 353,463 361,925 359,476 332,537 318,141 321,679 352,345 -63,776 -41,214 -6,790 -67,208 -46,629 -8,804 -66,520 -52,070 -5,118 -69,290 -59,796 -9,890 -75,302 -68,811 -9,196 -76,494 -76,819 -8,275 -72,523 -83,544 -9,001 -67,761 -86,228 -7,445 -69,153 -91,836 -7,370 Total net interest ...................................................................... 243,984 241,118 229,755 222,949 206,167 170,949 153,073 160,245 183,986 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ...................................... 1,054,079 1,100,463 1,129,729 1,174,324 1,213,805 1,276,944 1,335,560 1,397,776 1,503,416 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) .................................................. Interest received by: On-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Off-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services ............................. Health: Medicaid .............................................................................................. Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions ......... Childrens Health Insurance ................................................................. Other .................................................................................................... Total health ..................................................................................... 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 37,770 11,851 9,324 -21,765 -5,735 -15,144 -4,588 -15,108 -1,485 180,625 .......... 5,451 15,316 201,426 .......... 6,900 18,224 226,550 250,924 .......... 7,547 19,263 277,734 272,771 .......... 7,887 23,024 303,682 274,964 .......... 8,629 26,165 309,758 250,534 .......... 9,065 26,830 286,429 265,392 .......... 9,469 26,384 301,245 301,472 13,068 9,314 29,868 353,722 201,392 190,624 .......... 6,000 17,378 214,002 Medicare ................................................................................................... Income security: General retirement and disability ......................................................... Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................ Unemployment compensation ............................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................. Supplemental Security Income ............................................................ Family and Other Support Assistance ................................................. Earned Income Tax Credit ................................................................... Child Tax Credit ................................................................................... Making Work Pay Tax Credit ............................................................... Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance ..................... Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) ............. Total income security ...................................................................... 324,879 370,775 385,817 425,095 446,477 479,923 466,018 491,809 505,303 4,250 98,096 31,048 48,385 34,327 24,035 36,166 15,473 .......... 6,352 -15 298,117 7,496 103,711 32,454 48,664 32,799 24,164 38,274 16,159 .......... 6,563 -674 309,610 8,584 108,713 42,703 53,973 38,020 25,072 40,600 34,019 .......... 6,750 14,626 373,060 7,903 117,863 119,114 71,754 41,365 26,237 42,418 24,284 663 6,859 11,278 469,738 6,243 119,664 157,011 87,820 43,878 27,566 54,712 22,659 13,694 6,972 12,387 552,606 6,374 124,255 117,226 95,676 49,553 26,354 55,652 22,691 13,905 6,860 7,716 526,262 7,451 122,177 90,705 99,454 44,052 23,599 54,890 22,106 253 6,847 4,393 475,927 6,649 131,512 67,252 102,615 50,164 24,744 57,513 21,608 -11 6,770 3,828 472,644 8,472 134,445 42,623 96,231 51,356 23,837 60,087 21,490 .......... 6,868 4,025 449,434 Social Security .......................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans ............................................................... Other .................................................................................................... Total veterans benefits and services .............................................. 543,911 581,442 612,110 677,726 700,752 724,923 767,714 807,841 844,876 35,770 1,637 35,683 1,834 41,338 2,126 45,870 2,749 49,050 8,416 58,737 11,742 55,897 11,678 65,889 14,088 70,905 15,580 37,407 37,517 43,464 48,619 57,466 70,479 67,575 79,977 86,485 Total mandatory human resource programs ............................. 1,443,476 1,525,197 1,650,325 1,877,147 2,055,248 2,096,201 2,059,075 2,138,408 2,238,335 Other mandatory programs: National defense ....................................................................................... International affairs ................................................................................... Energy ...................................................................................................... Agriculture ................................................................................................. Deposit insurance ..................................................................................... Universal service fund .............................................................................. Other commerce and housing credit ........................................................ Community and regional development ..................................................... General government ................................................................................. Spectrum auctions and major asset sales ............................................... Other undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................... All other ..................................................................................................... 1,853 -6,358 -2,479 20,011 -1,111 7,562 -2,092 16,137 2,150 -111 -68,139 924 3,390 -6,466 -4,482 11,632 -1,493 7,478 -7,239 -43 1,570 -13,700 -68,538 2,681 3,632 -8,512 -3,236 9,968 18,736 7,882 -1,794 -160 3,466 -1,779 -84,463 838 4,288 -5,476 -1,024 15,988 22,546 8,091 253,192 2,526 4,269 -16,690 -75,949 4,331 4,631 -418 1,497 14,585 -32,066 8,857 -65,627 549 3,564 -197 -81,919 5,015 6,162 -3,084 -1,972 14,267 -8,728 8,898 -10,695 -62 7,696 -2,404 -86,063 5,750 7,329 -2,705 1,981 11,789 6,636 9,391 24,812 909 8,500 -12,992 -90,544 6,269 7,696 -695 3,735 24,019 4,260 9,145 -82,630 5,397 10,133 -2,588 -90,197 4,951 7,008 -2,915 -157 18,846 -13,853 9,301 -83,477 -1,374 11,149 -1,221 -86,823 3,642 Total other mandatory programs ............................................... -31,653 -75,210 -55,422 216,092 -141,529 -70,235 -28,625 -106,774 -139,874 Total mandatory programs ..................................................... 1,411,823 1,449,987 1,594,903 2,093,239 1,913,719 2,025,966 2,030,450 2,031,634 2,098,461 405,866 429,966 451,143 383,073 413,934 453,987 359,219 415,651 429,538 -71,574 -97,722 -9,967 -71,964 -106,003 -14,890 -77,821 -113,718 -6,847 -63,600 -117,954 -14,617 -67,268 -118,502 -31,970 -72,030 -115,981 -36,014 -14,753 -112,393 -11,665 -51,015 -105,650 -38,101 -57,848 -100,266 -42,468 Total net interest ...................................................................... 226,603 237,109 252,757 186,902 196,194 229,962 220,408 220,885 228,956 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ...................................... 1,638,426 1,687,096 1,847,660 2,280,141 2,109,913 2,255,928 2,250,858 2,252,519 2,327,417 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) .................................................. Interest received by: On-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Off-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services .................................................. Health: Medicaid .................................................................................................................... Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions .............................. Childrens Health Insurance ...................................................................................... Other ......................................................................................................................... Total health .......................................................................................................... 2015 2016 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate 32,636 17,961 53,717 7,658 8,620 6,698 6,752 4,836 349,762 27,213 9,233 40,162 378,455 40,129 16,655 46,339 481,578 403,713 42,930 13,417 14,974 475,034 422,688 45,036 12,010 17,228 496,962 439,160 47,257 11,905 -43,297 455,025 460,000 51,136 5,700 -83,921 432,915 467,161 54,329 5,700 -92,461 434,729 426,370 368,280 30,827 14,305 41,510 454,922 Medicare ........................................................................................................................ Income security: General retirement and disability .............................................................................. Federal employee retirement and disability ............................................................. Unemployment compensation .................................................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ................................................................................... Supplemental Security Income ................................................................................. Family and Other Support Assistance ...................................................................... Earned Income Tax Credit ........................................................................................ Child Tax Credit ........................................................................................................ Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance .......................................... Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) .................................. Total income security ........................................................................................... 539,873 588,361 592,592 581,897 646,112 700,004 755,748 851,422 7,486 139,006 31,572 97,778 52,175 23,533 60,084 20,592 7,314 3,908 3,468 144,597 32,175 95,797 56,557 23,063 60,580 20,188 7,700 3,848 7,037 140,640 32,809 96,711 52,053 24,354 60,943 20,193 8,025 3,248 2,445 139,489 33,489 91,487 48,167 22,684 61,083 19,894 8,457 2,478 2,661 148,040 34,643 91,278 53,793 22,541 61,948 16,821 8,830 1,663 2,944 151,853 38,032 86,184 55,353 22,563 63,233 16,842 9,280 835 4,119 155,538 39,869 85,626 56,969 22,662 65,193 16,956 9,712 434 5,015 165,094 42,018 83,886 63,420 22,603 66,880 16,997 10,162 254 443,448 447,973 446,013 429,673 442,218 447,119 457,078 476,329 Social Security ............................................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans .................................................................................... Other ......................................................................................................................... Total veterans benefits and services ................................................................... 881,891 910,282 946,449 1,005,044 1,069,817 1,137,209 1,205,206 1,279,160 76,360 15,760 92,120 86,796 19,415 106,211 85,255 16,532 101,787 81,927 18,099 100,026 94,202 18,605 112,807 99,954 19,620 119,574 106,680 20,347 127,027 122,506 21,531 144,037 Total mandatory human resource programs .................................................. 2,416,338 2,525,710 2,622,136 2,599,332 2,776,536 2,865,629 2,984,726 3,190,513 Other mandatory programs: National defense ............................................................................................................ International affairs ........................................................................................................ Energy ............................................................................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................................................................... Deposit insurance .......................................................................................................... Universal service fund ................................................................................................... Other commerce and housing credit ............................................................................. Community and regional development .......................................................................... General government ...................................................................................................... Allowances ..................................................................................................................... Spectrum auctions and major asset sales .................................................................... Other undistributed offsetting receipts ........................................................................... All other .......................................................................................................................... 6,292 -3,302 2,027 12,197 -12,843 9,194 -24,297 -861 4,838 .......... -30,128 -85,675 2,766 8,541 -6,449 -1,572 12,225 -13,087 10,064 -25,111 -716 6,359 .......... -8,436 -86,815 6,597 8,974 907 665 14,543 -11,446 10,764 -9,520 2,859 7,970 80 -1,750 -91,645 18,777 9,619 2,167 -2,262 20,534 -11,717 11,131 -19,231 988 7,591 2,099 -8,790 -95,610 19,627 9,957 1,629 -5,372 13,237 -6,403 10,878 -22,066 183 7,168 22,506 -1,825 -85,363 15,431 10,140 991 -3,366 10,949 -6,521 10,801 -22,165 -138 7,607 36,008 -2,370 -86,257 14,150 10,598 152 -3,913 13,753 -5,938 10,762 -21,926 -463 7,041 44,768 -845 -86,723 10,624 10,544 -315 -3,944 12,326 -1,571 10,793 -22,107 -346 7,542 32,778 -500 -87,765 7,901 Total other mandatory programs .................................................................... -119,792 -98,400 -48,822 -63,854 -40,040 -30,171 -22,110 -34,664 Total mandatory programs .......................................................................... 2,296,546 2,427,310 2,573,314 2,535,478 2,736,496 2,835,458 2,962,616 3,155,849 402,429 429,950 474,506 505,578 566,831 629,514 689,534 741,589 -45,823 -95,968 -37,457 -55,536 -90,575 -43,806 -63,435 -86,506 -48,350 -58,784 -84,760 -47,149 -62,873 -84,742 -48,145 -66,264 -83,613 -51,578 -70,311 -82,642 -55,340 -75,400 -79,850 -58,166 Total net interest ........................................................................................... 223,181 240,033 276,215 314,885 371,071 428,059 481,241 528,173 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ........................................................... 2,519,727 2,667,343 2,849,529 2,850,363 3,107,567 3,263,517 3,443,857 3,684,022 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ....................................................................... Interest received by: On-budget trust funds .................................................................................................... Off-budget trust funds .................................................................................................... Other ................................................................................................................................... Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2009) DOLLARS: 1962–2022 (in billions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services ............................. Health: Medicaid .............................................................................................. Other .................................................................................................... 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.5 3.5 6.3 7.1 6.4 8.2 0.6 * 0.9 * 1.1 0.1 1.5 0.1 4.1 0.2 6.0 0.1 9.0 0.1 10.9 0.1 12.5 0.2 Total health ..................................................................................... 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.6 4.3 6.1 9.1 11.1 12.6 Medicare ................................................................................................... Income security: General retirement and disability ......................................................... Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................ Unemployment compensation ............................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................. Family and Other Support Assistance ................................................. Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) ............. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 12.2 21.3 25.0 25.9 3.6 10.8 19.6 1.5 13.0 -* 3.4 12.3 16.3 1.6 14.2 -* 3.7 13.8 15.3 1.7 14.9 -0.2 3.4 15.3 12.3 1.6 15.0 0.1 3.7 17.5 10.2 1.9 14.6 -* 3.6 19.4 10.2 2.2 14.0 0.1 4.5 21.3 11.3 2.5 15.8 0.1 4.8 22.6 11.0 2.8 17.3 0.1 4.5 25.1 14.0 4.4 18.9 -* Total income security ...................................................................... 48.5 47.8 49.1 47.8 47.9 49.4 55.4 58.6 66.9 Social Security .......................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans ............................................................... Other .................................................................................................... 78.5 85.4 88.5 91.7 106.9 109.4 116.1 127.7 135.3 21.3 2.2 22.5 -0.1 21.9 0.7 22.0 0.3 21.5 1.2 22.7 3.1 22.6 3.4 23.6 3.8 24.9 4.8 Total veterans benefits and services .............................................. 23.5 22.4 22.6 22.3 22.7 25.9 26.1 27.4 29.7 Total mandatory human resource programs ............................. 153.5 159.3 163.8 165.8 185.2 209.3 235.0 256.0 278.6 Other mandatory programs: National defense ....................................................................................... International affairs ................................................................................... Energy ...................................................................................................... Agriculture ................................................................................................. Deposit insurance ..................................................................................... Other commerce and housing credit ........................................................ Community and regional development ..................................................... General government ................................................................................. Other undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................... All other ..................................................................................................... -1.6 1.0 -0.4 24.6 -3.0 3.6 0.3 -1.6 -45.3 22.1 -2.3 0.4 -0.8 28.5 -3.0 -6.3 0.3 -0.8 -48.2 23.3 -2.0 2.3 -0.8 28.7 -3.0 -2.2 0.3 -0.7 -46.0 27.9 -2.9 3.7 -0.8 23.0 -2.6 -0.6 0.4 -0.4 -45.1 30.0 -6.1 3.3 -0.8 12.2 -3.1 12.0 0.6 -0.3 -48.2 29.9 -3.8 1.4 -0.3 15.1 -2.5 13.4 0.7 -0.6 -52.5 29.5 -1.4 2.6 * 23.9 -3.2 16.6 0.6 -0.5 -55.8 30.1 -1.3 3.0 -* 29.8 -3.5 -3.2 0.4 0.4 -51.8 27.9 -1.3 2.0 0.1 24.0 -2.7 2.8 0.5 0.6 -51.8 28.0 Total other mandatory programs ............................................... -0.2 -8.9 4.6 4.9 -0.6 0.4 12.8 1.7 2.2 Total mandatory programs ..................................................... 153.3 150.5 168.4 170.7 184.6 209.8 247.9 257.7 280.9 51.1 54.8 58.4 61.0 63.3 68.4 72.0 78.4 86.5 -4.6 -3.4 -4.5 -5.0 -3.2 -3.8 -5.5 -3.3 -4.7 -6.0 -3.5 -5.3 -6.6 -3.4 -3.8 -7.6 -4.0 -4.3 -8.3 -4.8 -4.0 -9.2 -5.4 -3.7 -10.6 -7.0 -4.4 Total net interest ...................................................................... 38.6 42.9 44.9 46.2 49.4 52.5 54.8 60.0 64.5 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ...................................... 192.0 193.4 213.3 216.9 234.0 262.2 302.7 317.7 345.3 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) .................................................. Interest received by: On-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Off-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. * $50 million or less. Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2009) DOLLARS: 1962–2022—Continued (in billions of dollars) Category and Program 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services ............................. Health: Medicaid .............................................................................................. Other .................................................................................................... 8.6 15.0 12.7 11.7 13.9 13.8 3.5 14.1 16.0 14.7 0.3 19.4 0.3 18.7 0.8 21.8 0.6 23.3 0.9 27.4 1.5 6.9 0.4 29.3 1.5 29.7 1.5 Total health ..................................................................................... 15.0 19.7 19.4 22.5 24.2 28.8 7.3 30.8 31.3 Medicare ................................................................................................... Income security: General retirement and disability ......................................................... Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................ Unemployment compensation ............................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................. Supplemental Security Income ............................................................ Family and Other Support Assistance ................................................. Earned Income Tax Credit ................................................................... Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) ............. 26.5 29.0 30.4 33.0 40.7 47.2 12.3 54.4 59.9 6.9 28.6 25.1 9.5 .......... 24.0 .......... -* 7.4 32.2 27.9 13.5 .......... 27.6 .......... -0.1 10.3 36.0 19.8 14.8 .......... 24.0 .......... -0.1 10.1 40.3 21.0 16.6 7.3 20.4 .......... * 15.8 44.7 43.6 22.6 14.7 17.4 .......... -0.2 9.5 49.2 59.3 24.9 14.6 18.7 2.6 -* 3.6 13.2 11.9 5.5 3.6 5.0 0.3 * 9.7 52.4 42.6 24.5 14.2 18.9 2.7 -0.1 8.6 54.9 30.3 23.5 14.7 18.5 2.5 -* Total income security ...................................................................... 94.1 108.6 104.8 115.8 158.6 178.7 43.1 164.8 152.9 Social Security .......................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans ............................................................... Other .................................................................................................... 153.5 165.6 195.4 206.4 216.2 232.1 60.2 248.6 257.2 25.8 6.5 26.5 6.9 26.4 9.8 25.3 12.1 26.5 15.6 26.5 17.6 6.4 2.2 27.2 10.5 26.9 9.3 Total veterans benefits and services .............................................. 32.3 33.4 36.1 37.4 42.1 44.2 8.6 37.8 36.2 Total mandatory human resource programs ............................. 329.9 371.2 398.9 426.8 495.7 544.8 135.0 550.4 553.4 Other mandatory programs: National defense ....................................................................................... International affairs ................................................................................... Energy ...................................................................................................... Agriculture ................................................................................................. Deposit insurance ..................................................................................... Other commerce and housing credit ........................................................ Community and regional development ..................................................... General government ................................................................................. Other undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................... All other ..................................................................................................... -0.7 1.9 0.8 17.3 -1.9 0.3 1.3 0.4 -55.0 25.6 -0.8 0.9 1.0 20.3 -2.8 4.2 1.8 0.5 -48.4 22.8 -1.9 -3.0 0.7 17.3 -3.5 -1.0 4.6 38.5 -64.0 25.8 -5.9 -2.0 2.6 5.4 -2.5 12.0 3.2 33.7 -75.4 22.2 -4.4 -4.1 4.6 7.7 2.0 25.5 2.5 32.0 -56.9 21.4 -1.0 -3.6 5.8 7.4 -2.0 19.3 2.9 28.1 -55.6 0.1 -0.2 -3.0 1.4 2.5 -0.2 -0.6 0.8 7.8 -15.8 -0.4 -1.0 -5.5 6.6 18.4 -9.2 8.0 3.2 29.0 -53.3 -0.7 -0.5 -3.3 8.5 31.4 -3.1 12.1 3.2 28.9 -53.0 -0.7 Total other mandatory programs ............................................... -10.1 -0.5 13.5 -6.7 30.2 1.3 -7.7 -4.3 23.6 Total mandatory programs ..................................................... 319.7 370.6 412.4 420.0 525.9 546.1 127.3 546.1 576.9 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) .................................................. Interest received by: On-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Off-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. 89.4 89.0 94.3 106.9 107.9 114.5 24.3 120.8 131.5 -12.0 -8.3 -5.8 -12.2 -8.6 -5.2 -12.3 -8.9 -5.4 -14.8 -9.2 -4.7 -16.1 -9.3 -5.8 -15.4 -8.7 -7.9 -0.5 -0.3 -2.7 -15.8 -7.6 -11.2 -16.5 -6.5 -12.8 Total net interest ...................................................................... 63.3 63.0 67.7 78.2 76.8 82.6 20.8 86.2 95.8 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ...................................... 383.1 433.7 480.1 498.2 602.7 628.7 148.2 632.3 672.7 * $50 million or less. Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2009) DOLLARS: 1962–2022—Continued (in billions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services ............................. Health: Medicaid .............................................................................................. Other .................................................................................................... 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 17.6 17.7 20.0 16.6 13.3 15.2 13.8 13.9 12.2 31.9 1.5 32.4 1.7 35.7 2.0 34.7 2.1 36.2 2.1 36.9 2.6 40.2 2.2 43.2 1.1 46.3 3.2 Total health ..................................................................................... 33.3 34.2 37.7 36.9 38.3 39.5 42.4 44.4 49.5 Medicare ................................................................................................... Income security: General retirement and disability ......................................................... Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................ Unemployment compensation ............................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................. Supplemental Security Income ............................................................ Family and Other Support Assistance ................................................. Earned Income Tax Credit ................................................................... Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance ..................... Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) ............. 64.6 70.9 79.2 89.0 96.2 101.2 111.9 116.3 121.4 10.3 58.0 25.0 26.0 12.5 17.0 2.0 .......... 0.2 11.0 61.6 39.2 30.5 13.3 17.0 3.0 .......... 0.4 10.7 66.0 38.6 32.0 13.7 17.3 2.8 1.2 1.9 10.1 68.2 44.4 28.8 13.7 16.0 2.4 0.8 1.3 9.2 69.3 56.1 31.5 15.1 16.0 2.3 0.8 1.0 8.9 69.6 29.0 30.0 14.0 16.3 2.2 1.2 2.2 8.4 68.2 26.4 29.6 15.4 16.4 2.0 1.3 24.6 7.7 71.1 26.8 28.8 16.1 17.1 2.4 1.4 1.6 7.8 73.5 25.2 28.4 16.7 17.8 2.4 1.4 2.3 Total income security ...................................................................... 150.9 175.8 184.1 185.8 201.3 173.4 192.2 173.1 175.4 Social Security .......................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans ............................................................... Other .................................................................................................... 263.5 272.0 292.1 307.2 321.5 323.4 330.7 339.8 345.8 27.5 7.4 27.0 5.3 27.2 5.2 27.2 4.0 27.0 2.9 26.3 2.8 26.0 1.9 25.8 0.8 25.1 0.9 Total veterans benefits and services .............................................. 34.9 32.3 32.3 31.2 29.9 29.1 27.9 26.7 26.0 Total mandatory human resource programs ............................. 565.0 602.9 645.5 666.5 700.5 681.7 719.0 714.1 730.3 Other mandatory programs: National defense ....................................................................................... International affairs ................................................................................... Energy ...................................................................................................... Agriculture ................................................................................................. Deposit insurance ..................................................................................... Universal service fund .............................................................................. Other commerce and housing credit ........................................................ Community and regional development ..................................................... General government ................................................................................. Spectrum auctions and major asset sales ............................................... Other undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................... All other ..................................................................................................... -1.3 -4.9 9.0 28.2 -5.1 .......... 7.7 3.6 27.1 .......... -55.4 -0.3 -1.7 -0.2 10.9 19.7 -1.0 .......... 12.7 5.0 25.1 .......... -58.4 -2.5 -1.1 -1.3 12.0 23.8 -3.4 .......... 13.2 3.8 17.6 .......... -74.8 2.1 -1.4 -1.4 11.7 33.6 -4.9 .......... 11.2 4.0 14.0 .......... -66.4 -0.9 * -4.0 6.6 48.8 -2.6 .......... 9.9 3.4 13.4 .......... -83.3 -1.5 -1.3 -0.9 0.2 25.7 -1.8 0.1 8.9 3.0 13.0 .......... -76.6 0.2 -0.7 -2.6 -1.8 49.4 -4.5 0.2 5.6 2.1 11.5 .......... -75.3 -1.4 -0.9 -7.4 -0.7 61.5 3.2 0.4 1.1 2.3 12.0 .......... -74.9 1.1 -1.0 -3.4 -0.7 50.2 6.3 0.5 4.9 1.3 0.6 -16.2 -78.1 0.1 Total other mandatory programs ............................................... 8.5 9.7 -8.1 -0.4 -9.4 -29.6 -17.4 -2.4 -35.6 Total mandatory programs ..................................................... 573.5 612.6 637.4 666.1 691.2 652.0 701.6 711.7 694.7 149.6 172.0 200.1 229.7 241.5 279.0 313.9 326.5 327.7 -19.3 -5.6 -18.2 -22.3 -5.4 -23.5 -24.1 -4.8 -27.1 -27.4 -4.1 -31.6 -28.6 -3.5 -40.8 -30.9 -6.0 -40.6 -38.3 -7.2 -41.1 -45.7 -7.4 -40.0 -49.7 -8.9 -36.5 Total net interest ...................................................................... 106.6 120.8 144.0 166.6 168.6 201.5 227.2 233.4 232.6 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ...................................... 680.1 733.4 781.4 832.7 859.8 853.5 928.8 945.1 927.3 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) .................................................. Interest received by: On-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Off-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. * $50 million or less. Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2009) DOLLARS: 1962–2022—Continued (in billions of dollars) Category and Program Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services ............................. Health: Medicaid .............................................................................................. Other .................................................................................................... 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 12.4 14.5 15.8 17.4 14.1 16.7 9.5 17.6 14.2 49.5 2.9 53.9 0.4 61.7 2.1 75.8 3.2 95.5 5.1 104.1 5.3 110.5 6.0 117.4 5.6 118.9 6.2 Total health ..................................................................................... 52.5 54.3 63.7 79.0 100.6 109.3 116.4 123.0 125.1 Medicare ................................................................................................... Income security: General retirement and disability ......................................................... Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................ Unemployment compensation ............................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................. Supplemental Security Income ............................................................ Family and Other Support Assistance ................................................. Earned Income Tax Credit ................................................................... Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance ..................... Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) ............. 121.9 124.3 138.3 142.3 159.2 171.9 186.2 202.7 217.6 7.0 75.8 21.3 29.0 18.5 17.5 4.4 1.6 1.9 7.0 76.1 20.9 29.5 17.9 17.4 6.2 2.1 1.1 5.5 77.3 25.5 32.0 17.2 18.4 6.5 2.4 0.6 4.9 80.3 36.0 37.0 21.1 19.5 7.0 3.1 0.3 5.8 80.3 51.7 41.4 24.2 21.3 10.3 3.5 0.2 4.2 81.8 48.4 43.5 27.8 21.5 12.0 3.6 0.2 6.2 83.3 35.3 44.3 31.7 22.2 14.7 4.0 0.2 5.5 86.1 27.8 44.0 30.9 22.6 20.0 4.3 0.2 6.0 87.2 29.0 43.5 29.5 21.6 24.6 4.8 0.2 Total income security ...................................................................... 177.0 178.2 185.2 209.3 238.8 243.1 242.0 241.4 246.3 Social Security .......................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans ............................................................... Other .................................................................................................... 352.2 358.6 368.8 384.2 400.3 413.2 424.5 437.1 446.2 25.8 2.6 25.6 1.8 22.6 0.9 24.3 0.6 24.2 2.2 24.2 2.7 26.2 1.5 24.9 1.8 23.4 1.4 Total veterans benefits and services .............................................. 28.4 27.4 23.6 24.9 26.3 27.0 27.8 26.7 24.8 Total mandatory human resource programs ............................. 744.3 757.4 795.4 857.1 939.3 981.1 1,006.5 1,048.6 1,074.2 Other mandatory programs: National defense ....................................................................................... International affairs ................................................................................... Energy ...................................................................................................... Agriculture ................................................................................................. Deposit insurance ..................................................................................... Universal service fund .............................................................................. Other commerce and housing credit ........................................................ Community and regional development ..................................................... General government ................................................................................. Spectrum auctions and major asset sales ............................................... Other undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................... All other ..................................................................................................... -1.0 -2.9 -1.3 29.7 19.7 0.7 12.9 2.7 2.9 -15.2 -81.0 0.5 -0.8 -2.0 -4.2 28.0 42.6 1.0 7.5 2.4 2.2 -13.7 -79.7 0.5 -1.4 -10.0 -2.8 17.9 111.7 1.2 10.0 2.3 2.9 -0.2 -76.3 1.3 -75.4 -7.0 -3.6 22.5 120.5 1.4 10.9 1.2 2.2 .......... -76.8 3.7 -6.8 -5.2 -1.5 18.7 4.4 1.4 8.2 0.7 3.3 .......... -74.7 3.9 -2.1 -6.8 -1.9 25.4 -44.0 1.4 5.0 1.1 1.9 .......... -67.2 3.7 -1.0 -5.8 -1.8 16.5 -11.8 1.4 2.5 -0.4 -0.5 .......... -65.0 4.1 -2.3 -5.4 -2.6 8.5 -26.1 1.4 -5.4 0.8 2.5 -12.7 -61.3 3.8 -0.3 -6.9 -4.4 7.1 -11.9 1.4 -6.7 0.4 0.5 -0.5 -59.3 4.7 Total other mandatory programs ............................................... -32.3 -16.2 56.5 -0.4 -47.6 -83.8 -61.7 -99.0 -76.0 Total mandatory programs ..................................................... 712.0 741.1 851.9 856.6 891.7 897.3 944.8 949.6 998.2 348.0 376.6 399.4 415.9 415.8 406.4 402.8 442.6 449.6 -55.9 -12.1 -33.2 -63.3 -17.8 -31.3 -69.9 -24.1 -27.2 -73.5 -29.5 -29.6 -77.1 -33.6 -21.5 -77.2 -37.2 -15.9 -76.8 -39.7 -10.4 -79.7 -44.3 -9.4 -79.6 -47.7 -7.2 Total net interest ...................................................................... 246.8 264.2 278.2 283.4 283.6 276.1 275.9 309.1 315.1 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ...................................... 958.8 1,005.3 1,130.1 1,140.0 1,175.3 1,173.4 1,220.7 1,258.7 1,313.3 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) .................................................. Interest received by: On-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Off-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2009) DOLLARS: 1962–2022—Continued (in billions of dollars) Category and Program 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services ............................. Health: Medicaid .............................................................................................. Childrens Health Insurance ................................................................. Other .................................................................................................... 13.2 11.2 7.9 6.8 4.3 10.0 13.7 14.9 20.5 121.1 .......... 6.8 127.0 * 6.7 133.9 0.7 6.8 142.8 1.5 6.5 153.2 4.4 7.0 172.6 4.3 6.8 184.3 5.0 11.6 197.7 5.2 12.9 198.2 5.6 14.4 Total health ..................................................................................... 127.9 133.7 141.4 150.8 164.6 183.7 200.9 215.8 218.2 Medicare ................................................................................................... Income security: General retirement and disability ......................................................... Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................ Unemployment compensation ............................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................. Supplemental Security Income ............................................................ Family and Other Support Assistance ................................................. Earned Income Tax Credit ................................................................... Child Tax Credit ................................................................................... Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance ..................... Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) ............. 233.7 234.4 229.0 231.7 250.4 263.8 279.6 295.5 319.7 5.2 89.8 25.9 40.0 32.0 20.9 27.5 .......... 5.1 -0.2 5.0 91.4 24.4 36.6 32.6 21.9 29.0 .......... 5.6 -1.2 1.6 92.4 26.3 35.5 33.0 23.8 31.7 0.5 5.8 -0.9 5.6 92.7 25.0 33.9 35.6 25.0 31.5 1.0 6.6 -1.0 6.2 95.3 32.9 34.8 30.5 28.7 30.8 1.2 6.8 -0.8 6.0 96.9 59.1 38.8 34.3 29.4 32.5 5.9 6.9 -1.2 6.7 97.1 62.2 42.9 34.8 29.8 36.5 7.4 7.0 -1.0 6.9 99.1 47.4 45.6 34.9 27.2 37.1 9.9 7.1 -1.0 7.2 101.4 35.2 49.4 38.4 26.4 37.6 15.9 7.0 -1.1 Total income security ...................................................................... 246.2 245.3 249.7 255.7 266.2 308.5 323.4 314.3 317.5 Social Security .......................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans ............................................................... Other .................................................................................................... 456.7 469.9 478.0 489.9 506.8 527.3 538.0 550.2 564.9 25.7 0.1 26.6 2.3 27.4 1.8 30.0 1.4 26.5 -0.1 31.2 -* 33.3 2.4 34.5 0.3 38.9 4.2 Total veterans benefits and services .............................................. 25.8 29.0 29.2 31.5 26.4 31.1 35.7 34.8 43.1 Total mandatory human resource programs ............................. 1,103.5 1,123.4 1,135.1 1,166.4 1,218.7 1,324.5 1,391.3 1,425.4 1,484.0 Other mandatory programs: National defense ....................................................................................... International affairs ................................................................................... Energy ...................................................................................................... Agriculture ................................................................................................. Deposit insurance ..................................................................................... Universal service fund .............................................................................. Other commerce and housing credit ........................................................ Community and regional development ..................................................... General government ................................................................................. Spectrum auctions and major asset sales ............................................... Other undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................... All other ..................................................................................................... -1.7 -5.2 -4.7 6.9 -20.0 1.4 -3.9 0.4 1.3 -17.1 -60.6 3.6 -3.0 -7.2 -3.4 11.1 -6.2 2.5 4.5 -0.6 5.8 -11.8 -59.8 4.5 -1.0 -5.8 -3.0 25.3 -7.2 4.6 5.8 -0.1 4.8 -2.6 -57.1 4.4 -0.8 -5.3 -4.9 42.3 -4.0 5.5 -2.9 -1.1 1.7 -0.2 -59.8 4.3 -1.8 -7.7 -3.7 27.3 -2.0 6.4 1.2 -0.7 2.3 -1.4 -62.9 5.6 -0.6 -4.8 -3.1 20.8 -1.3 6.5 -6.8 -1.3 3.7 -* -61.5 8.6 -0.3 -7.9 -4.5 20.1 -1.7 10.2 -6.7 -0.8 10.1 .......... -67.5 5.4 2.1 -7.9 -4.1 11.2 -2.3 14.9 -6.5 0.2 8.0 .......... -69.1 11.4 1.9 -4.9 -3.7 22.9 -1.5 8.7 -1.0 1.5 0.8 -0.2 -73.4 0.2 Total other mandatory programs ............................................... -99.7 -63.6 -32.0 -25.4 -37.3 -39.9 -43.6 -42.3 -48.8 Total mandatory programs ..................................................... 1,003.8 1,059.8 1,103.1 1,141.1 1,181.4 1,284.6 1,347.7 1,383.1 1,435.1 457.0 461.6 442.9 444.2 430.9 392.3 368.3 363.4 385.9 -81.9 -52.9 -8.7 -85.3 -59.2 -11.2 -83.3 -65.2 -6.4 -85.0 -73.4 -12.1 -90.3 -82.5 -11.0 -90.2 -90.6 -9.8 -83.9 -96.7 -10.4 -76.5 -97.4 -8.4 -75.7 -100.6 -8.1 Total net interest ...................................................................... 313.4 305.9 287.9 273.7 247.1 201.7 177.2 181.0 201.5 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ...................................... 1,317.2 1,365.7 1,391.0 1,414.7 1,428.6 1,486.3 1,524.9 1,564.1 1,636.6 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) .................................................. Interest received by: On-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Off-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. * $50 million or less. Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2009) DOLLARS: 1962–2022—Continued (in billions of dollars) Category and Program 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services ............................. Health: Medicaid .............................................................................................. Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions ......... Childrens Health Insurance ................................................................. Other .................................................................................................... 40.3 12.4 9.4 -21.8 -5.7 -14.2 -4.1 -14.5 -1.8 191.2 .......... 5.8 16.2 197.4 .......... 6.2 18.0 201.5 .......... 6.9 18.2 250.9 .......... 7.5 19.3 268.5 .......... 7.8 22.7 265.1 .......... 8.3 25.2 236.4 .......... 8.6 25.3 246.8 .......... 8.8 24.5 276.2 12.0 8.5 27.3 Total health ..................................................................................... 213.2 221.7 226.6 277.7 298.9 298.6 270.3 280.1 324.1 Medicare ................................................................................................... Income security: General retirement and disability ......................................................... Federal employee retirement and disability ........................................ Unemployment compensation ............................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ............................................................. Supplemental Security Income ............................................................ Family and Other Support Assistance ................................................. Earned Income Tax Credit ................................................................... Child Tax Credit ................................................................................... Making Work Pay Tax Credit ............................................................... Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance ..................... Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) ............. 342.7 383.7 385.2 425.1 439.2 463.0 440.3 456.8 462.4 4.4 103.7 32.8 51.2 36.3 25.4 38.2 16.4 .......... 6.7 -* 7.8 107.4 33.6 50.4 34.0 25.0 39.6 16.7 .......... 6.8 -0.7 8.6 108.7 42.7 54.0 38.0 25.1 40.6 34.0 .......... 6.8 14.6 7.9 117.9 119.1 71.8 41.4 26.2 42.4 24.3 0.7 6.9 11.3 6.1 117.7 154.5 86.4 43.2 27.1 53.8 22.3 13.5 6.9 12.2 6.2 119.7 113.0 92.2 47.7 25.4 53.6 21.9 13.4 6.6 7.4 7.0 115.3 85.6 93.9 41.6 22.3 51.8 20.9 0.2 6.5 4.2 6.2 122.3 62.5 95.4 46.7 23.0 53.5 20.1 -* 6.3 3.6 7.8 123.2 39.0 88.2 47.1 21.8 55.1 19.7 .......... 6.3 3.7 Total income security ...................................................................... 315.1 320.5 373.1 469.7 543.8 507.2 449.2 439.5 411.8 Social Security .......................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans ............................................................... Other .................................................................................................... 574.9 601.9 612.1 677.7 689.5 698.5 724.5 751.3 774.1 37.8 1.7 36.9 1.9 41.3 2.1 45.9 2.7 48.3 8.3 56.6 11.3 52.7 11.0 61.3 13.1 65.0 14.3 Total veterans benefits and services .............................................. 39.5 38.8 43.4 48.6 56.5 67.9 63.8 74.4 79.2 Total mandatory human resource programs ............................. 1,525.8 1,579.0 1,649.8 1,877.1 2,022.3 2,020.9 1,943.9 1,987.6 2,049.8 Other mandatory programs: National defense ....................................................................................... International affairs ................................................................................... Energy ...................................................................................................... Agriculture ................................................................................................. Deposit insurance ..................................................................................... Universal service fund .............................................................................. Other commerce and housing credit ........................................................ Community and regional development ..................................................... General government ................................................................................. Spectrum auctions and major asset sales ............................................... Other undistributed offsetting receipts ..................................................... All other ..................................................................................................... 2.0 -6.8 -2.6 21.5 -1.2 8.2 -2.2 17.3 2.5 -0.1 -73.8 1.1 3.5 -6.7 -4.6 12.1 -1.5 7.8 -7.5 -* 1.7 -14.3 -71.7 2.8 3.6 -8.6 -3.3 10.1 18.9 8.0 -1.8 -0.2 3.5 -1.8 -85.5 0.8 4.3 -5.5 -1.0 16.0 22.5 8.1 253.2 2.5 4.3 -16.7 -75.9 4.3 4.5 -0.4 1.5 14.4 -31.6 8.7 -64.6 0.5 3.5 -0.2 -79.4 4.9 5.9 -2.9 -1.9 13.6 -8.3 8.5 -10.2 -0.1 7.4 -2.2 -80.5 5.5 6.9 -2.5 1.9 11.0 6.2 8.8 23.2 0.9 8.0 -12.0 -83.5 5.9 7.2 -0.7 3.5 22.5 4.0 8.5 -77.5 5.0 9.4 -2.4 -82.6 4.5 6.4 -2.7 -0.2 17.4 -12.8 8.5 -77.1 -1.3 10.2 -1.1 -76.8 3.2 Total other mandatory programs ............................................... -34.4 -78.5 -56.1 216.1 -138.1 -65.3 -25.4 -98.4 -126.1 Total mandatory programs ..................................................... 1,491.5 1,500.5 1,593.6 2,093.2 1,884.2 1,955.6 1,918.5 1,889.2 1,923.7 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) .................................................. Interest received by: On-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Off-budget trust funds ............................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. 430.5 444.0 456.4 383.1 410.3 441.1 342.7 390.0 395.8 -75.9 -103.7 -10.6 -74.3 -109.5 -15.4 -78.7 -115.0 -6.9 -63.6 -118.0 -14.6 -66.7 -117.5 -31.7 -70.0 -112.7 -35.0 -14.1 -107.2 -11.1 -47.9 -99.1 -35.7 -53.3 -92.4 -39.1 Total net interest ...................................................................... 240.4 244.8 255.7 186.9 194.5 223.4 210.3 207.2 211.0 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ...................................... 1,731.8 1,745.4 1,849.3 2,280.1 2,078.7 2,179.0 2,128.8 2,096.5 2,134.7 * $50 million or less. Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 2009) DOLLARS: 1962–2022—Continued (in billions of dollars) Category and Program 2015 2016 2017 estimate 2018 estimate 2019 estimate 2020 estimate 2021 estimate 2022 estimate Mandatory Programs: Human resource programs: Education, training, employment, and social services .................................................. Health: Medicaid .................................................................................................................... Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions .............................. Childrens Health Insurance ...................................................................................... Other ......................................................................................................................... 29.8 16.3 47.4 6.6 7.2 5.4 5.3 3.6 318.7 24.8 8.4 36.4 332.8 27.9 12.9 37.3 334.0 35.4 14.7 40.7 348.2 37.0 11.6 12.8 356.4 38.0 10.1 14.4 362.0 39.0 9.8 -35.8 370.6 41.2 4.6 -67.7 368.0 42.8 4.5 -72.8 Total health .......................................................................................................... 388.3 410.8 424.8 409.7 419.0 375.0 348.8 342.4 Medicare ........................................................................................................................ Income security: General retirement and disability .............................................................................. Federal employee retirement and disability ............................................................. Unemployment compensation .................................................................................. Food and nutrition assistance ................................................................................... Supplemental Security Income ................................................................................. Family and Other Support Assistance ...................................................................... Earned Income Tax Credit ........................................................................................ Child Tax Credit ........................................................................................................ Payments to States for foster care/adoption assistance .......................................... Housing Assistance and Other (including offsetting receipts) .................................. 493.2 533.2 524.3 503.3 546.0 577.9 609.5 670.9 6.9 126.7 28.8 89.1 47.5 21.4 54.8 18.8 6.7 3.6 3.3 130.7 29.1 86.6 51.1 20.8 54.7 18.2 7.0 3.5 6.3 124.1 29.0 85.3 45.9 21.5 53.8 17.8 7.1 2.9 2.2 120.4 28.9 78.9 41.6 19.6 52.7 17.2 7.3 2.1 2.3 124.9 29.2 77.0 45.4 19.0 52.2 14.2 7.4 1.4 2.5 125.2 31.4 71.0 45.6 18.6 52.1 13.9 7.6 0.7 3.3 125.3 32.1 69.0 45.9 18.3 52.5 13.7 7.8 0.4 4.0 130.1 33.1 66.1 50.0 17.8 52.7 13.4 8.0 0.2 Total income security ........................................................................................... 404.2 405.0 393.7 370.8 373.0 368.7 368.4 375.2 Social Security ............................................................................................................... Veterans benefits and services: Income security for veterans .................................................................................... Other ......................................................................................................................... 803.6 822.6 835.3 867.1 902.3 937.5 971.2 1,007.7 69.6 14.4 78.4 17.5 75.2 14.6 70.7 15.6 79.4 15.7 82.4 16.2 86.0 16.4 96.5 17.0 Total veterans benefits and services ................................................................... 83.9 95.9 89.8 86.3 95.1 98.6 102.4 113.5 Total mandatory human resource programs .................................................. 2,203.0 2,283.8 2,315.4 2,243.7 2,342.6 2,363.0 2,405.5 2,513.3 Other mandatory programs: National defense ............................................................................................................ International affairs ........................................................................................................ Energy ............................................................................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................................................................... Deposit insurance .......................................................................................................... Universal service fund ................................................................................................... Other commerce and housing credit ............................................................................. Community and regional development .......................................................................... General government ...................................................................................................... Allowances ..................................................................................................................... Spectrum auctions and major asset sales .................................................................... Other undistributed offsetting receipts ........................................................................... All other .......................................................................................................................... 5.8 -3.0 1.8 10.9 -11.5 8.2 -21.8 -0.8 4.3 .......... -26.4 -74.9 2.5 7.8 -5.7 -1.4 10.8 -11.6 8.9 -22.3 -0.6 5.6 .......... -7.3 -75.0 5.9 8.0 0.8 0.6 12.6 -9.9 9.3 -8.3 2.5 6.9 0.1 -1.5 -77.7 16.3 8.4 1.8 -1.9 17.5 -10.0 9.4 -16.4 0.8 6.4 1.7 -7.3 -79.5 16.7 8.6 1.4 -4.5 11.1 -5.3 9.0 -18.4 * 5.9 18.2 -1.5 -69.6 12.8 8.6 0.8 -2.8 9.0 -5.3 8.8 -18.1 -0.6 6.1 28.2 -1.9 -68.9 11.5 8.8 0.1 -3.2 11.0 -4.8 8.5 -17.6 -1.0 5.6 34.0 -0.7 -67.9 8.4 8.5 -0.2 -3.1 9.7 -1.2 8.4 -17.4 -1.2 5.8 23.9 -0.4 -67.4 6.1 Total other mandatory programs .................................................................... -104.8 -84.8 -40.3 -52.3 -32.4 -24.9 -18.8 -28.6 Total mandatory programs .......................................................................... 2,098.2 2,199.0 2,275.1 2,191.4 2,310.2 2,338.2 2,386.7 2,484.6 366.5 386.9 419.3 437.9 481.4 524.1 562.8 593.5 -41.7 -87.4 -34.1 -50.0 -81.5 -39.4 -56.1 -76.4 -42.7 -50.9 -73.4 -40.8 -53.4 -72.0 -40.9 -55.2 -69.6 -42.9 -57.4 -67.5 -45.2 -60.3 -63.9 -46.5 Total net interest ........................................................................................... 203.2 216.0 244.1 272.7 315.1 356.4 392.8 422.7 Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ........................................................... 2,301.4 2,415.0 2,519.2 2,464.1 2,625.3 2,694.6 2,779.6 2,907.3 Net interest: Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross) ....................................................................... Interest received by: On-budget trust funds .................................................................................................... Off-budget trust funds .................................................................................................... Other ................................................................................................................................... * $50 million or less. Table 8.7—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962–2022 (in millions of dollars) Category and Program 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 National defense: DoD-Military (051) ......................................................................................... Other Defense ............................................................................................... 50,316 2,234 51,465 2,253 52,866 2,172 49,183 1,840 57,516 1,482 70,642 1,348 80,582 1,571 80,990 1,726 80,343 1,569 Total national defense .......................................................................... 52,550 53,718 55,038 51,023 58,998 71,990 82,152 82,715 81,912 5,507 5,246 4,603 4,705 5,063 5,348 4,871 4,081 3,964 497 1,226 534 2,516 766 4,131 789 5,035 858 5,858 897 5,337 930 4,596 938 4,083 947 3,565 Nondefense: International affairs ........................................................................................ General science, space and technology: General science and basic research ........................................................ Space and other technology ..................................................................... Total general science, space and technology ..................................... 1,723 3,051 4,897 5,824 6,716 6,234 5,525 5,021 4,512 Energy ........................................................................................................... Natural resources and environment .............................................................. Agriculture ...................................................................................................... Commerce and housing credit ...................................................................... Transportation: Ground transportation ............................................................................... Air transportation ...................................................................................... Water and other transportation ................................................................. 654 2,286 369 1,342 643 2,522 454 1,364 686 2,643 492 1,177 830 2,825 521 1,634 744 3,105 596 1,850 835 3,250 662 2,243 1,040 3,361 761 2,102 1,019 3,375 764 1,039 985 3,488 827 2,100 70 737 617 65 772 633 64 801 620 67 864 698 86 890 671 121 983 743 154 1,033 826 287 1,176 847 288 1,386 887 Total transportation .............................................................................. 1,425 1,469 1,485 1,628 1,647 1,847 2,013 2,310 2,561 Community and regional development .......................................................... Education, training, employment and social services: Education .................................................................................................. Training, employment and social services ............................................... 432 527 894 1,045 1,009 1,001 1,280 1,476 2,291 640 291 749 327 803 418 1,002 781 2,143 1,716 3,253 2,318 3,778 2,840 3,654 2,951 4,317 3,037 Total education, training, employment and social services ................. 931 1,075 1,221 1,784 3,858 5,571 6,618 6,605 7,354 Health ............................................................................................................ Medicare ........................................................................................................ Income security: Housing assistance .................................................................................. Other ......................................................................................................... 1,087 .......... 1,283 .......... 1,563 .......... 1,495 .......... 1,735 64 2,152 223 2,560 221 2,843 299 3,143 366 167 336 182 295 193 335 219 307 239 327 257 365 299 383 362 427 504 455 Total income security ........................................................................... 503 476 528 526 566 623 682 789 959 Social security ................................................................................................ Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................... Administration of justice ................................................................................. General government ...................................................................................... 318 1,256 426 1,266 332 1,316 461 1,356 373 1,404 486 1,647 382 1,445 532 1,596 437 1,493 560 1,702 433 1,584 614 1,863 561 1,677 654 1,898 599 1,790 653 1,940 623 2,057 823 2,292 Total nondefense ............................................................................ 19,525 21,575 24,098 26,771 31,145 34,483 35,826 34,602 38,342 Total outlays for discretionary programs ...................................................... 72,075 75,294 79,136 77,793 90,143 106,473 117,978 117,318 120,254 See footnotes at end of table. Table 8.7—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Category and Program 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 National defense: DoD-Military (051) ......................................................................................... Other Defense ............................................................................................... 77,634 1,375 77,809 1,529 75,446 1,649 79,238 1,483 85,959 1,657 88,174 1,703 21,850 462 95,452 2,065 102,448 2,201 Total national defense .......................................................................... 79,009 79,338 77,095 80,720 87,615 89,876 22,312 97,517 104,649 3,770 4,581 4,830 6,197 8,155 7,459 3,315 8,013 8,542 1,009 3,172 979 3,196 961 3,074 1,017 2,964 1,036 2,951 1,032 3,336 291 869 1,072 3,658 1,154 3,766 Nondefense: International affairs ........................................................................................ General science, space and technology: General science and basic research ........................................................ Space and other technology ..................................................................... Total general science, space and technology ..................................... 4,182 4,175 4,034 3,982 3,987 4,368 1,160 4,730 4,919 Energy ........................................................................................................... Natural resources and environment .............................................................. Agriculture ...................................................................................................... Commerce and housing credit ...................................................................... Transportation: Ground transportation ............................................................................... Air transportation ...................................................................................... Water and other transportation ................................................................. 887 4,249 884 2,687 1,092 4,758 912 1,907 1,075 5,463 936 1,969 689 6,491 945 2,418 1,738 8,115 1,047 2,851 2,589 8,931 1,059 2,764 725 2,859 271 1,154 3,786 11,279 1,193 3,455 5,295 12,016 1,304 3,369 495 2,390 1,033 615 2,764 1,086 836 2,179 1,220 948 2,162 1,339 2,128 2,345 1,443 9,106 2,485 1,523 2,202 569 417 9,467 2,736 1,716 9,943 3,200 1,692 Total transportation .............................................................................. 3,918 4,465 4,235 4,450 5,916 13,114 3,189 13,919 14,835 Community and regional development .......................................................... Education, training, employment and social services: Education .................................................................................................. Training, employment and social services ............................................... 2,651 3,047 3,565 3,458 3,678 4,649 1,342 6,058 10,845 4,877 3,552 5,357 4,636 5,470 5,078 5,469 4,747 7,098 5,969 7,554 8,196 1,878 2,456 8,549 9,112 9,170 13,237 Total education, training, employment and social services ................. 8,429 9,993 10,548 10,216 13,067 15,751 4,334 17,660 22,408 Health ............................................................................................................ Medicare ........................................................................................................ Income security: Housing assistance .................................................................................. Other ......................................................................................................... 3,417 397 3,997 455 4,567 439 4,749 667 5,821 661 6,715 836 1,581 220 6,935 770 7,294 936 766 627 1,156 672 1,652 762 1,825 1,022 2,128 1,368 2,504 2,270 656 474 3,007 2,529 3,683 2,808 Total income security ........................................................................... 1,393 1,829 2,414 2,847 3,496 4,774 1,130 5,536 6,491 Social security ................................................................................................ Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................... Administration of justice ................................................................................. General government ...................................................................................... 742 2,314 1,156 2,447 794 2,734 1,507 2,961 914 3,050 1,978 3,284 878 3,358 2,371 3,773 1,101 4,121 2,877 3,720 1,200 4,535 3,411 3,545 304 1,157 913 2,090 1,370 5,243 3,713 5,896 1,413 5,857 3,899 4,637 Total nondefense ............................................................................ 43,522 49,206 53,300 57,487 70,349 85,701 25,744 99,556 114,061 Total outlays for discretionary programs ...................................................... 122,531 128,544 130,394 138,207 157,965 175,577 48,056 197,073 218,710 See footnotes at end of table. Table 8.7—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962–2022—Continued (in millions of dollars) Category and Program 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 National defense: DoD-Military (051) ........................................
@FedFRASER