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HISTORICAL
TABLES

BUDGET OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

Fiscal Year 

THE BUDGET DOCUMENTS
Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1998
contains the Budget Message of the President and information on
the President’s 1998 budget proposals. In addition, the Budget includes a descriptive discussion of Federal programs organized by function, i.e., by the primary purpose of the activity.
Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1998 contains analyses that are designed to highlight specified subject areas or provide other significant presentations
of budget data that place the budget in perspective.
The Analytical Perspectives volume includes economic and accounting analyses; information on Federal receipts and collections; analyses
of Federal spending; detailed information on Federal borrowing and
debt; the Budget Enforcement Act preview report; current services
estimates; and other technical presentations. It also includes information on the budget system and concepts and a listing of the Federal
programs by agency and account.
Historical Tables, Budget of the United States Government,
Fiscal Year 1998 provides data on budget receipts, outlays, surpluses or deficits, Federal debt, and Federal employment covering
an extended time period—in most cases beginning in fiscal year 1940
or earlier and ending in fiscal year 2002. These are much longer
time periods than those covered by similar tables in other budget
documents. As much as possible, the data in this volume and all
other historical data in the budget documents have been made consistent with the concepts and presentation used in the 1998 Budget,
so the data series are comparable over time.
Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1998—
Appendix contains detailed information on the various appropriations and funds that constitute the budget and is designed primarily
for the use of the Appropriations Committee. The Appendix contains
more detailed financial information on individual programs and appropriation accounts than any of the other budget documents. It

includes for each agency: the proposed text of appropriations language, budget schedules for each account, new legislative proposals,
explanations of the work to be performed and the funds needed,
and proposed general provisions applicable to the appropriations of
entire agencies or group of agencies. Supplemental and rescission
proposals for the current year are presented separately. Information
is also provided on certain activities whose outlays are not part
of the budget totals.
A Citizen’s Guide to the Federal Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1998 is an Office of Management and Budget (OMB) publication that provides general information about the budget and the budget process for the general public.
Budget System and Concepts, Fiscal Year 1998 contains an
explanation of the system and concepts used to formulate the President’s budget proposals.
AUTOMATED SOURCES OF BUDGET INFORMATION
The information contained in these documents is available in
electronic format from the following sources:
CD-ROM. The CD-ROM contains all of the budget documents and
software to support reading, printing, and searching the documents.
The CD-ROM also has many of the tables in the budget in
spreadsheet format.
Internet. All budget documents, including documents that are
released at a future date, will be available for downloading in several
formats from the Internet. To access documents through the World
Wide Web, use the following address:
http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/budget/index.html
For more information on access to the budget documents, call tollfree (888) 293–6498.

GENERAL NOTES
1.
2.

All years referred to are fiscal years, unless otherwise noted.
Detail in this document may not add to the totals due to rounding.

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON

1997

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402

1

Contents of the Historical Tables
Page

Introduction:
Structure, Coverage and Concepts ........................................................................................................................................

1

Section Notes ..........................................................................................................................................................................

5

Historical Trends ....................................................................................................................................................................

15

Section 1—Overview of Federal Government Finances .............................................................................................................
Table 1.1—Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–): 1789–2002 ....................................................
Table 1.2—Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) as Percentages of GDP: 1930–2002 .............
Table 1.3—Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) in Current Dollars, Constant (FY 1992)
Dollars, and as Percentages of GDP: 1940–2002 .............................................................................................................
Table 1.4—Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) by Fund Group: 1934–2002 ...............................................

19
19
21
23
25

Section 2—Composition of Federal Government Receipts .........................................................................................................
Table 2.1—Receipts by Source: 1934–2002 ..........................................................................................................................
Table 2.2—Percentage Composition of Receipts by Source: 1934–2002 ............................................................................
Table 2.3—Receipts by Source as Percentages of GDP: 1934–2002 ..................................................................................
Table 2.4—Composition of Social Insurance Taxes and Contributions and of Excise Taxes: 1940–2002 ......................
Table 2.5—Composition of ‘‘Other Receipts’’: 1940–2002 ....................................................................................................

27
27
29
31
33
40

Section 3—Federal Government Outlays by Function ...............................................................................................................
Table 3.1—Outlays by Superfunction and Function: 1940–2002 .......................................................................................
Table 3.2—Outlays by Function and Subfunction: 1962–2002 ...........................................................................................

42
42
50

Section 4—Federal Government Outlays by Agency ..................................................................................................................
Table 4.1—Outlays by Agency: 1962–2002 ..........................................................................................................................
Table 4.2—Percentage Distribution of Outlays by Agency: 1962–2002 .............................................................................

65
65
70

Section 5—Budget Authority (On-and Off-Budget) ....................................................................................................................
Table 5.1—Budget Authority by Function and Subfunction: 1976–2002 ..........................................................................
Table 5.2—Budget Authority by Agency: 1976–2002 ..........................................................................................................
Table 5.3—Percentage Distribution of Budget Authority by Agency: 1976–2002 ............................................................

75
75
87
91

Section 6—Composition of Federal Government Outlays ..........................................................................................................
Table 6.1—Composition of Outlays: 1940–2002 ..................................................................................................................

95
95

Section 7—Federal Debt ...............................................................................................................................................................
Table 7.1—Federal Debt at the End of Year: 1940–2002 ...................................................................................................
Table 7.2—Debt Subject to Statutory Limit: 1940–2002 ....................................................................................................
Table 7.3—Statutory Limits on Federal Debt: 1940–Current ............................................................................................

102
102
104
105

Section 8—Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category ........................................................................................................
Table 8.1—Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category: 1962–2002 .............................................................................
Table 8.2—Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category in Constant (FY 1992) Dollars: 1962–2002 .........................
Table 8.3—Percentage Distribution of Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category: 1962–2002 ...............................
Table 8.4—Outlays by Budget Enforcement Act Category as Percentages of GDP: 1962–2002 .....................................
Table 8.5—Outlays for Mandatory and Related Programs: 1962–2002 ............................................................................
Table 8.6—Outlays for Mandatory and Related Programs in Constant (FY 1992) Dollars: 1962–2002 ........................
Table 8.7—Outlays for Discretionary Programs: 1962–2002 ..............................................................................................
Table 8.8—Outlays for Discretionary Programs in Constant (FY 1992) Dollars: 1962–2002 ..........................................
Table 8.9—Budget Authority for Discretionary Programs: 1976–2002 .............................................................................

109
109
110
111
112
113
118
123
128
133

Section 9—Federal Government Outlays for Major Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Education and
Training ......................................................................................................................................................................................
Table 9.1—Total Investment Outlays for Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Education and Training: 1962–1998 ....................................................................................................................................................................
Table 9.2—Major Physical Capital Investment Outlays in Current and Constant (FY 1992) Dollars: 1940–1998 ......
Table 9.3—Major Public Physical Capital Investment Outlays in Percentage Terms: 1940–1998 .................................
Table 9.4—National Defense Outlays for Major Public Direct Physical Capital Investment: 1940–1998 .....................
Table 9.5—Nondefense Outlays for Major Public Direct Physical Capital Investment: 1940–1998 ...............................
Table 9.6—Composition of Outlays for Grants for Major Public Physical Capital Investment: 1941–1998 ..................

137
137
138
140
141
142
144

i

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THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Contents of the Historical Tables—Continued
Page

Section 9 (Continued).
Table 9.7—Summary of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949–1998 (In Current Dollars, as
Percentages of Total Outlays, as Percentages of GDP, and in Constant (FY 1992) Dollars) .......................................
Table 9.8—Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949–1998 ....................................
Table 9.9—Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Education and Training: 1962–1998 .........................................

150
151
157

Section 10—Gross Domestic Product and Implicit Outlay Deflators ........................................................................................
Table 10.1—Gross Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the Historical Tables: 1940–2002 .....................................

160
160

Section 11—Federal Government Payments for Individuals .....................................................................................................
Table 11.1—Summary Comparison of Outlays for Payments for Individuals: 1940–2002 (In Current Dollars, as
Percentages of Total Outlays, as Percentages of GDP, and in Constant (FY 1992) Dollars) .......................................
Table 11.2—Functional Composition of Outlays for Payments for Individuals: 1940–2002 ............................................
Table 11.3—Outlays for Payments for Individuals by Category and Major Program: 1940–2002 .................................

162

Section 12—Federal Grants To State and Local Governments .................................................................................................
Table 12.1—Summary Comparison of Total Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments: 1940–2002 (in
Current Dollars, as Percentages of Total Outlays, as Percentages of GDP, and in Constant (FY 1992) Dollars) .....
Table 12.2—Total Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments, by Function and Fund Group: 1940–2002 ...
Table 12.3—Total Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments, by Function, Agency, and Program:
1940–2002 ...........................................................................................................................................................................

194

202

Section 13—Social Security and Medicare ..................................................................................................................................
Table 13.1—Cash Income, Outgo, and Balances of the Social Security and Medicare Trust Funds: 1936–2002 ..........

244
244

Section 14—Federal Sector Transactions in the National Income and Product Accounts ......................................................
Table 14.1—Federal Transactions in the National Income and Product Accounts for Federal Fiscal Years:
1960–1998 ...........................................................................................................................................................................
Table 14.2—Federal Transactions in the National Income and Product Accounts as Percentages of GDP for Federal
Fiscal Years: 1960–1998 .....................................................................................................................................................

254

162
164
172

194
196

254
257

Section 15—Total (Federal and State and Local) Government Finances .................................................................................
Table 15.1—Total Government Receipts in Absolute Amounts and as Percentages of GDP: 1960–1996 ......................
Table 15.2—Total Government Expenditures: 1960–1996 .................................................................................................
Table 15.3—Total Government Expenditures as Percentages of GDP: 1960–1996 ..........................................................
Table 15.4—Total Government Expenditures by Major Category of Expenditure: 1960–1996 .......................................
Table 15.5—Total Government Expenditures by Major Category of Expenditure as Percentages of GDP: 1960–1996
Table 15.6—Total Government Surpluses or Deficits (–) in Absolute Amounts and as Percentages of GDP:
1960–1996 ...........................................................................................................................................................................

260
260
261
262
263
264
265

Section 16—Federal Health Spending .........................................................................................................................................
Table 16.1—Total Outlays for Health Programs: 1962–2002 .............................................................................................

266
266

Section 17—Government Employment ........................................................................................................................................
Table 17.1—Total Executive Branch Civilian Employees, 1940–1996 ..............................................................................
Table 17.2—Total Executive Branch Civilian Employees, 1940–1996 (as percentage of total) .......................................
Table 17.3—Total Executive Branch Civilian Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Employees, 1981–1999 ..............................
Table 17.4—Total Executive Branch Civilian Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Employees, 1981–1998 (as percentage of
total) .....................................................................................................................................................................................
Table 17.5—Government Employment and Population, 1962–1996 ..................................................................................

267
267
268
269
270
271

INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE, COVERAGE AND CONCEPTS
Historical Tables provides budget users with
a wide range of data on Federal Government
finances. Many of the data series begin
in 1940 and include estimates of the President’s budget for 1997–2002. Additionally,
Table 1.1 provides data on receipts, outlays,
and surpluses or deficits for 1901–1939 and
for earlier multi-year periods.
Note on GDP and Constant-Dollar Data
Many of the tables in this document show
receipts or outlays as percentages of Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) or show budget
data in constant-dollar (i.e., inflation-adjusted)
terms. These data are shown on what is
called a post-benchmark basis. The Bureau
of Economic Analysis of the Department of
Commerce has recently completed a benchmark revision to the National Income and
Product Accounts, which include GDP and
the components used to calculate various
deflators to construct constant-dollar time
series data. Unfortunately, their revision has
only been completed back to fiscal year
1960. To preserve the consistency of the
time series data contained in the Historical
Tables, many of which go back to 1940
or earlier, the GPD figures and the deflators
for constant-dollar data prior to FY 1960
are approximations of the anticipated postbenchmark revision values. The pre-benchmark
GDP data for years prior to FY 1960 have
been increased by 21⁄2 percent to approximate
the post-benchmark levels. The deflators for
FY 1960 and beyond were calculated using
the new chain-weighted constant dollar NIPA
data. The deflators for years prior to FY
1960 were calculated by applying the yearto-year percentage change in the pre-benchmark revision (fixed-weight) deflators to the
various 1960 deflator levels.
Structure
This document is composed of 17 sections,
each of which has one or more tables.

Each section covers a common theme. Section
1, for example, provides an overview of
the budget and off-budget totals; Section
2 provides tables on receipts by source;
and Section 3 shows outlays by function.
When a section contains several tables, the
general rule is to start with tables showing
the broadest overview data and then work
down to more detailed tables. The purpose
of these tables is to present a broad range
of historical budgetary data in one convenient
reference source and to provide relevant comparisons most likely to be of assistance.
The most common comparisons are in terms
of proportions (e.g., each major receipt category
as a percentage of total receipts and of
the gross domestic product).
Section notes explain the nature of the
activities covered by the tables in each section.
Additional descriptive information is also included where appropriate. Explanations are
generally not repeated, but there are occasional cross-references to related materials.
Because of the numerous changes in the
way budget data have been presented over
time, there are inevitable difficulties in trying
to produce comparable data to cover many
years. The general rule is to provide data
in as meaningful and comparable a fashion
as possible. To the extent feasible, the data
are presented on a basis consistent with
current budget concepts. When a structural
change is made, insofar as possible the data
are adjusted for all years.
One significant change in recent years
concerns the budgetary treatment of Federal
credit programs, which was changed by the
Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990. Previously
the budget recorded the cost of direct and
guaranteed loans on a cash basis. Under
credit reform, the budget only records budget
authority and outlays for the subsidy cost
of direct and guaranteed loans made in
1992 and subsequent years. The subsidy
is defined as the net estimated cash flows
1

2

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

to and from the Government over the life
of the loan, discounted to the present. The
cash transactions are recorded as means
of financing the deficit. Because it was impossible to convert the pre–1992 loans to a
credit reform basis, the data are on a cash
basis for pre–1992 loans and on a credit
reform basis for loans made in 1992 and
subsequent years.
Coverage
The Federal Government has used the
unified or consolidated budget concept as
the foundation for its budgetary analysis
and presentation since the 1969 budget. The
basic guidelines for the unified budget were
presented in the Report of the President’s
Commission on Budget Concepts (October
1967). The Commission recommended the
budget include all Federal fiscal activities
unless there were exceptionally persuasive
reasons for exclusion. Nevertheless, from the
very beginning some programs were perceived
as warranting special treatment. Indeed, the
Commission itself recommended a bifurcated
presentation: a ‘‘unified budget’’ composed
of an ‘‘expenditure account’’ and a ‘‘loan
account.’’ The distinction between the expenditure account and the loan account proved
to be confusing and caused considerable complication in the budget for little benefit.
As a result, this distinction was eliminated
starting with the 1974 budget. However,
even prior to the 1974 budget, the ExportImport Bank had been excluded by law
from the budget totals, and other exclusions
followed. The structure of the budget was
gradually revised to show the off-budget transactions in many locations along with the
on-budget transactions, and the off-budget
amounts were added to the on-budget amounts
in order to show total Federal spending.
The Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit
Control Act of 1985 (Public Law 99–177)
repealed the off-budget status of all then
existing off-budget entities, but it also included
a provision moving the Federal old-age, survivors, and disability insurance funds (collectively known as social security) off-budget.
To provide a consistent time series, the
budget historical data show social security
off-budget for all years since its inception,

and show all formerly off-budget entities
on-budget for all years. The Omnibus Budget
Reconciliation Act of 1989 (OBRA 1989) moved
the Postal Service fund off-budget, starting
in fiscal year 1989. Prior to that year,
the Postal Service fund is shown on-budget.
Though social security and the Postal Service are now off-budget, they continue to
be Federal programs. Indeed, social security
currently accounts for about one-fourth of
all Federal receipts and one-fifth of all Federal
spending. Hence, the budget documents include these funds and focus on the Federal
totals that combine the on-budget and offbudget amounts. Various budget tables and
charts show total Federal receipts, outlays,
and surpluses and deficits, and divide these
totals between the portions that are onbudget and off-budget.
Changes in Historical Budget Authority,
Outlays, Receipts and Deficits
Totals for 1984 through 1995 have changed
from those published in the 1997 Budget.
Budget authority, outlays and receipts for
the FCC Universal Service fund have been
added to the budget for the 1984-1994 period.
While the deficits are unchanged as a result
of this addition, budget authority, outlays
and receipts all increase by amounts ranging
from $42 million in 1984 up to $890 million
in 1994.
Correction of Maritime Administration outlays reported to the Treasury for 1992 reduces
outlays and the deficit by $1 million, and
corrections to the Farm Credit System Financial Assistance Corporation reduce 1993 outlays and the deficit by $127 million.
Various other adjustments by the Treasury
Department to 1995 actual receipts and outlays decrease outlays by $3,404 million, receipts by $3,383 million, and the deficit
by $21 million. Most of this change in
receipts and outlays results from a conceptual
change in the scoring of the FCC’s Universal
Service Fund. A substantially smaller portion
of the fund is now reflected in the budget
totals ($0.9 billion versus $3.4 billion in
1995).
For 1990 and beyond, budget authority
equal to the obligation limitation for adminis-

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

trative expenses for certain special and trust
funds has been reclassified as discretionary
rather than mandatory to conform to the
current treatment required for most other
such funds as a result of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 (see Notes on Section
5, below).

Note on the Fiscal Year
The Federal fiscal year begins on October
1 and ends on the subsequent September
30. It is designated by the year in which
it ends; for example, fiscal year 1995 began
on October 1, 1994, and ended on September
30, 1995. Prior to fiscal year 1977 the
Federal fiscal years began on July 1 and
ended on June 30. In calendar year 1976
the July-September period was a separate
accounting period (known as the transition
quarter or TQ) to bridge the period required
to shift to the new fiscal year.

Concepts Relevant to the Historical
Tables
Budget (or ‘‘on-budget’’) receipts constitute
the income side of the budget; they are
composed almost entirely of taxes or other
compulsory payments to the Government. Any
income from business-type activities (e.g., interest income or sale of electric power),
and any income by Government accounts
arising from payments by other Government
accounts is offset against outlays, so that
total budget outlays are reported net of
offsetting collections. This method of accounting permits users to easily identify the size
and trends in Federal taxes and other compulsory income, and in Federal spending financed
from taxes, other compulsory income, or borrowing. Budget surplus refers to any excess
of budget receipts over budget outlays, while
budget deficit refers to any excess of budget
outlays over budget receipts.
The terms off-budget receipts, off-budget
outlays, off-budget surpluses, and off-budget
deficits refer to similar categories for offbudget activities. The sum of the on-budget
and off-budget transactions constitute the
consolidated or total Federal Government
transactions.

3

The budget is divided between two fund
groups, Federal funds and trust funds. The
Federal funds grouping includes all receipts
and outlays not specified by law as being
trust funds. All Federal funds are on-budget
except for the Postal Service fund starting
with fiscal year 1989. All trust funds are
on-budget, except the two social security
retirement trust funds, which are shown
off-budget for all years.
The term trust fund as used in Federal
budget accounting is frequently misunderstood.
In the private sector, ‘‘trust’’ refers to funds
of one party held by a second party (the
trustee) in a fiduciary capacity. In the Federal
budget, the term ‘‘trust fund’’ means only
that the law requires the funds be accounted
for separately and used only for specified
purposes and that the account in which
the funds are deposited is designated as
a ‘‘trust fund.’’ A change in law may change
the future receipts and the terms under
which the fund’s resources are spent. The
determining factor as to whether a particular
fund is designated as a ‘‘Federal’’ fund or
‘‘trust’’ fund is the law governing the fund.
The largest trust funds are for retirement
and social insurance (e.g., civil service and
military retirement, social security, medicare,
and unemployment benefits). They are financed largely by social insurance taxes and
contributions and payments from the general
fund (the main component of Federal funds).
However, there are also major trust funds
for transportation (highway and airport and
airways) and for other programs financed
in whole or in part by user charges.
The budget documents do not separately
show user charges. Frequently there is confusion between the concept of user charges
and the concept of offsetting collections. User
charges are charges for services rendered.
Such charges may take the form of taxes
(budget receipts), such as highway excise
taxes used to finance the highway trust
fund. They may also take the form of businesstype charges, in which case they are offsetting
collections—offset against budget outlays rather than being recorded as budget receipts.
Examples of such charges are the proceeds
from the sale of electric power by the Tennessee Valley Authority and medical insurance

4

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

premiums paid to medicare’s supplementary
medical insurance trust fund. User charges
may go to the general fund of the Treasury
or they may be ‘‘earmarked’’. If the funds
are earmarked, it means the collections are
separately identified and used for a specified
purpose—they are not commingled (in an
accounting sense) with any other money.

This does not mean the money is actually
kept in a separate bank account. All money
in the Treasury is merged for efficient cash
management. However, any earmarked funds
are accounted for in such a way that the
balances are always identifiable and available
for the stipulated purposes.

SECTION NOTES
Notes on Section 1 (Overview of Federal
Government Finances)
This section provides an overall perspective
on total receipts, outlays (spending), and
surpluses or deficits, the on-budget and offbudget amounts are also separately shown.
Tables 1.1 and 1.2 have similar structures;
1.1 shows the data in millions of dollars,
while 1.2 shows the same data as percentages
of the gross domestic product (GDP). For
all the historical tables, fiscal year GDP
is used to calculate percentages of GDP.
The fiscal year GDP data are shown in
Table 1.2. Additionally, Table 1.1 shows budget totals annually back to 1901 and for
multi-year periods back to 1789.
Table 1.3 shows total Federal receipts,
outlays, and surpluses or deficits in current
and constant dollars, and as percentages
of GDP. Section 6 provides a disaggregation
of the constant dollar outlays.
Table 1.4 shows receipts, outlays and surpluses or deficits for the consolidated budget
by fund group. The budget is composed
of two principal fund groups—Federal funds
and trust funds. Normally, whenever data
are shown by fund group, any payments
from programs in one fund group to accounts
of the other are shown as outlays of the
paying fund and receipts of the collecting
fund. When the two fund groups are aggregated to arrive at budget totals these interfund
transactions are deducted from both receipts
and outlays in order to arrive at transactions
with the public. Table 1.4 displays receipts
and outlays on a gross basis. That is, in
contrast to normal budget practice, collections
of interfund payments are included in the
receipts totals rather than as offsets to outlays.
These interfund collections are grossed-up
to more closely approximate cash income
and outgo of the fund groups.
Notes on Section 2 (Composition of
Federal Government Receipts)
Section 2 provides historical information
on on-budget and off-budget receipts. Table

2.1 shows total receipts divided into five
major categories; it also shows the split
between on-budget and off-budget receipts.
Table 2.2 shows the receipts by major category
as percentages of total receipts, while Table
2.3 shows the same categories of receipts
as
percentages
of
GDP.
Table
2.4
disaggregates two of the major receipts categories, social insurance taxes and contributions and excise taxes, and Table 2.5
disaggregates the ‘‘other receipts’’ category.
While the focus of the section is on total
Federal receipts, auxiliary data show the
amounts of trust fund receipts in each category, so it is possible to readily distinguish
the Federal fund and trust fund portions.
Notes on Section 3 (Federal Government
Outlays by Function)
Section 3 displays Federal Government outlays (on-budget and off-budget) according to
their functional classification. The functional
structure is divided into 18 broad areas
(functions) that provide a coherent and comprehensive basis for analyzing the budget.
Each function, in turn, is divided into basic
groupings of programs entitled subfunctions.
The structure has two categories—allowances
and undistributed offsetting receipts—that are
not truly functions but are required in order
to cover the entire budget. At times a more
summary presentation of functional data is
needed; the data by ‘‘superfunction’’ is produced to satisfy this need. Table 3.1 provides
outlays by superfunction and function while
Table 3.2 shows outlays by function and
subfunction.
In arraying data on a functional basis,
budget authority and outlays are classified
according to the primary purpose of the
activity. To the extent feasible, this classification is made without regard to agency or
organizational distinctions. Classifying each
activity solely in the function defining its
most important purpose—even though many
activities serve more than one purpose—
permits adding the budget authority and
outlays of each function to obtain the budget
5

6

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

totals. For example, Federal spending for
medicaid constitutes a health care program,
but it also constitutes a form of income
security benefits. However, the spending cannot be counted in both functions; since the
main purpose of medicaid is to finance the
health care of the beneficiaries, this program
is classified in the ‘‘health’’ function. Section
3 provides data on budget outlays by function,
while Section 5 provides comparable data
on budget authority.
Notes on Section 4 (Federal Government
Outlays by Agency)
Section 4 displays Federal Government outlays (on- and off-budget) by agency. Table
4.1 shows the dollar amounts of such outlays,
and Table 4.2 shows the percentage distribution. The outlays by agency are based on
the agency structure currently in effect. For
example, the Department of Education was
established by legislation enacted in 1979.
However, these data show spending by the
Department of Education in previous years
that consists of education spending attributable to other agencies in earlier years,
but now attributable to the Department of
Education.
Notes on Section 5 (Budget Authority—
On- and Off-Budget)
Section 5 provides data on budget authority
(BA). BA is the authority provided by law
for agencies to obligate the Government to
spend. Table 5.1 shows BA by function and
subfunction, starting with 1976. Table 5.2
provides the same information by agency,
and Table 5.3 provides a percentage distribution of BA by agency.
The data in these tables were compiled
using the same methods used for the budget
historical tables for receipts and outlays (e.g.,
to the extent feasible, changes in classification
are reflected retroactively so the data show
the same stream of transactions in the same
location for all years). However, BA is heterogeneous in nature, varying significantly from
one program to another. As a result, it
is not additive—either across programs or
agencies for a year or, in many cases, for
an agency or program across a series of

years—in the same sense that budget receipts
and budget outlays are additive. The following
are examples of different kinds of BA and
the manner in which there are large
divergences between the creation and use
of BA.
• BA and outlays for each year may be exactly the same (e.g., interest on the public
debt).
• For each year the Congress may appropriate a large quantity of BA that will
be spent over a subsequent period of years
(e.g., many defense procurement contracts
and major construction programs).
• Some BA (e.g., the salaries and expenses
of an operating agency) is made available
only for a year and any portion not obligated during that year lapses (i.e., it
ceases to be available to be obligated).
• Revolving funds may operate spending
programs indefinitely with no new infusion of BA, other than the authority to
spend offsetting collections.
• BA may be enacted with the expectation
it is unlikely ever to be used (e.g., standby
borrowing authority).
• All income to a fund (e.g., certain revolving, special, and trust funds) may be permanently appropriated as BA; as long as
the fund has adequate resources, there is
no further relationship between the BA
and outlays.
• As a result of the Budget Enforcement Act
of 1990, the measurement of BA changed
in most special and trust funds with legislatively imposed limitations or benefit formulas that constrain the use of BA. Where
previously budget authority was the total
income to the fund, BA in these funds for
1990 and subsequent years is now an estimate of the obligations to be incurred during the fiscal year for benefit payments,
administration and other expenses of the
fund. In some, but not all, cases it was
possible to adjust BA figures for these
funds for years prior to 1990 to conform
to the current concepts.
• Although major changes in the way BA
is measured for credit programs (beginning in 1992) result from the Budget En-

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

forcement Act, these tables could not be
reconstructed to show revised BA figures
for 1991 and prior years on the new basis.
• In its earliest years, the Federal Financing
Bank (FFB) was conducted as a revolving
fund, making direct loans to the public or
purchasing loan assets from other funds
or accounts. Each new loan by the FFB
required new BA. In many cases, if the
same loan were made by the account being
serviced by the FFB, the loan could be
financed from offsetting collections and no
new BA would be recorded. Under terms
of the 1985 legislation moving the FFB
on-budget, the FFB ceased to make direct
loans to the public. Instead, it makes loans
to the accounts it services, and these accounts, in turn, make the loans to the public. Such loans could be made from new
BA or other obligational authority available to the parent account. These tables
have not been reconstructed to shift BA
previously scored in the FFB to the parent
accounts, because there is no technical
way to reconfigure the data.
Despite these qualifications there is a desire
for historical data on BA, and this section
has been developed to meet that desire.
Budget authority data are also provided in
Table 8.9 for various discretionary program
groupings.
Notes on Section 6 (Composition of
Federal Government Outlays)
The ‘‘composition’’ categories in this section
divide total outlays (including social security)
into national defense and nondefense components, and then disaggregate the nondefense
spending into several parts:
• Payments for individuals: These are Federal Government spending programs designed to transfer income (in cash or in
kind) to individuals or families. To the extent feasible, this category does not include reimbursements for current services
rendered to the Government (e.g., salaries
and interest). The payments may be in the
form of cash paid directly to individuals
or they may take the form of the provision
of services or the payment of bills for activities largely financed from personal in-

7
come. They include outlays for the provision of medical care (in veterans hospitals,
for example) and for the payment of medical bills (e.g., medicare). They also include
subsidies to reduce the cost of housing
below market rates, and food and nutrition
assistance (such as food stamps). The data
base, while not precise, provides a reasonable perspective of the size and composition of income support transfers within
any particular year and trends over time.
Section 11 disaggregates the components
of this category. The data in Section 6
show a significant amount of payments for
individuals takes the form of grants to
State and local governments to finance
benefits for the ultimate recipients. These
grants include medicaid, some food and
nutrition assistance, and a significant portion of the housing assistance payments.
Sections 11 and 12 provide a more detailed
disaggregation of this spending.

• All other grants to State and local governments: This category consists of the Federal nondefense grants to State and local
governments other than grants defined as
payments for individuals. Section 12
disaggregates this spending.
• Net interest: This category consists all
spending (including offsetting receipts) included in the functional category ‘‘net interest.’’ Most spending for net interest is
paid to the public as interest on the Federal debt. As shown in Table 3.2, net interest includes, as an offset, significant
amounts of interest income.
• All other: This category consists of all remaining Federal spending and offsetting
receipts except for those included in the
category ‘‘undistributed offsetting receipts.’’ It includes most Federal loan activities and most Federal spending for foreign assistance, farm price supports, medical and other scientific research, and, in
general, Federal direct program operations.
• Undistributed offsetting receipts: These are
offsetting receipts that are not offset
against any specific agency or programmatic function. They are classified as
function 950 in the functional tables. Addi-

8

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

tional details on their composition can be
found at the end of Table 3.2.
Table 6.1 shows these outlays in current
and constant dollars, the percentage distribution of current dollar outlays, and the current
dollar outlays as percentages of GDP. The
term ‘‘constant dollars’’ means the amounts
of money that would have had to be spent
in each year if, on average, the unit cost
of everything purchased within that category
each year (including purchases financed by
income transfers, interest, etc.) were the
same as in the base year (1992). The adjustments to constant dollars are made by applying a series of chain-weighted price deflators
to the current dollar data base. The composite
deflator is used to produce estimates of
constant dollar receipts published in Table
1.3. The separate deflators used for these
calculations are shown in Table 10.1.
Notes on Section 7 (Federal Debt)
This section provides information about
Federal debt. Table 7.1 contains data on
gross Federal debt and its major components
in terms of both the amount of debt outstanding at the end of each year and that amount
as a percentage of fiscal year GDP.
Gross Federal debt is composed both of
Federal debt held (owned) by the public
and Federal debt held by Federal Government
accounts, which is mostly held by trust
funds. Federal debt held by the public consists
of all Federal debt held outside the Federal
Government accounts. For example, it includes
debt held by individuals, private banks and
insurance companies, the Federal Reserve
Banks, and foreign central banks. The sale
of Federal debt to the public is the principal
means of financing the Federal deficit.
The Federal Government accounts holding
the largest amount of Federal debt securities
are the civil service and military retirement,
social security, and medicare trust funds.
However, significant amounts are also held
by some other Government accounts, such
as the unemployment and highway trust
funds.
Table 7.1 divides debt held by the public
between the amount held by the Federal
Reserve Banks and the remainder. The Fed-

eral Reserve System is the central bank
for the Nation. Their holdings of Federal
debt are shown separately because they do
not have the same impact on private credit
markets as does other debt held by the
public. They accumulate Federal debt as
a result of their role as the country’s central
bank, and the size of these holdings has
a major impact on the Nation’s money supply.
Since the Federal budget does not forecast
Federal Reserve monetary policy, it does
not project future changes in the amounts
of Federal debt that will be held by the
Federal Reserve Banks. Hence, the split of
debt held by the public into that portion
held by the Federal Reserve Banks and
the remainder is provided only for past
years. Table 2.5 shows deposits of earnings
by the Federal Reserve System. Most interest
paid by Treasury on debt held by the Federal
Reserve Banks is returned to the Treasury
as deposits of earnings, which are recorded
as budget receipts.
As a result of a conceptual revision in
the quantification of Federal debt, the data
on debt held by the public and gross Federal
debt—but only a small part of debt held
by Government accounts—were revised back
to 1956 in the 1990 budget. The total revision
was relatively small—a change of under one
percent of the recorded value of the debt—
but the revised basis is more consistent
with the quantification of interest outlays,
and provides a more meaningful measure
of Federal debt. The change converted most
debt held by the public from the par value
to the sales price plus amortized discount.
Most debt held by Government accounts
is issued at par, and securities issued at
a premium or discount have traditionally
been recorded at par. However, zero-coupon
bonds are recorded at estimated market price.
Starting in 1989, total debt held by Government accounts is adjusted for any initial
discount on other securities.
Table 7.2 shows the end-of-year amounts
of Federal debt subject to the general statutory
limitation. It is recorded at par value (except
for savings bonds) through 1988, but by
law the basis was changed, in part, to
accrual value for later years. Before World
War I, each debt issue by the Government

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

required specific authorization by the Congress. Starting in 1917, the nature of this
limitation was modified in several steps until
it developed into a limit on the total amount
of Federal debt outstanding. The Treasury
is free to borrow whatever amounts are
needed up to the debt limit, which is changed
from time to time to meet new requirements.
Table 7.3 shows the ceiling at each point
in time since 1940. It provides the specific
legal citation, a short description of the
change, and the amount of the limit specified
by each Act. Most of gross Federal debt
is subject to the statutory limit. However,
there are some differences.

Notes on Section 8 (Outlays by Budget
Enforcement Act Category)
Section 8 is composed of nine tables that
present budget authority and outlays by the
major categories used under the Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) and under previous
budget agreements between Congress and
the current and previous Administrations.
Table 8.1 shows Federal outlays within each
of the categories and subcategories. The principal categories are outlays for mandatory
and related programs and outlays for discretionary programs. Mandatory and related programs include direct spending and offsetting
receipts whose budget authority is provided
by law other than appropriations acts. These
include appropriated entitlements and the
food stamp program, which receive pro forma
appropriations. Discretionary programs are
those whose budgetary resources (other than
entitlement authority) are provided in appropriations acts. The table shows three categories of discretionary programs: Defense
(Function 050), International (Function 150),
and Domestic (all other discretionary programs). Table 8.2 has the same structure,
but shows the data in constant (FY 1992)
dollars. Table 8.3 shows the percentage distribution of outlays by BEA category and
Table 8.4 shows outlays by BEA category
as a percentage of GDP.
Table 8.5 provides additional detail by
function and/or subfunction for mandatory
and related programs. Table 8.6 shows the
same data in constant dollars.

9

Table 8.7 provides additional detail by
function and/or subfunction on outlays for
discretionary programs. Table 8.8 provides
the same data in constant dollars. Table
8.9 provides function and/or subfunction detail
on budget authority for discretionary programs.
Notes on Section 9 (Federal Government
Outlays for Major Physical Capital,
Research and Development, and Education and Training)
Tables in this section provide a broad
perspective on Federal Government outlays
for public physical capital, the conduct of
research and development (R&D), and education and training. These data measure
new Federal spending for major public physical
assets, but they exclude major commodity
inventories. In some cases it was necessary
to use supplementary data sources to estimate
missing data in order to develop a consistent
historical data series. The data for the conduct
of research and development continue to
exclude outlays for construction and major
equipment because such spending is included
in outlays for physical capital.
Table 9.1 shows total investment outlays
for major public physical capital, R&D, and
education and training in current and constant
(FY 1992) dollars, and shows the percentage
distribution of outlays and outlays as a
percentage of GDP. Table 9.2 focuses on
direct Federal outlays and grants for major
public physical capital investment in current
and constant (FY 1992) dollars, disaggregating
direct Federal outlays into national defense
and nondefense capital investment. Table 9.3
retains the same structure as 9.2, but shows
direct Federal outlay totals for physical capital
investment as percentages of total outlays
and as percentages of GDP. Table 9.4
disaggregates national defense direct outlays,
while Table 9.5 disaggregates nondefense outlays for major public physical capital investment. Table 9.6 shows the composition of
grant outlays for major public physical capital
investment.
Table 9.7 provides an overall perspective
on Federal Government outlays for the conduct
of R&D. It shows total R&D spending and
the split between national defense and non-

10

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

defense spending in four forms: in current
dollars, in constant dollars, as percentages
of total outlays, and as percentages of GDP.
Table 9.8 shows outlays in current dollars
by major function and program.
Table 9.9 shows outlays for the conduct
of education and training in current dollars
for direct Federal programs and for grants
to State and local governments. Total outlays
for the conduct of education and training
as a percentage of Federal outlays and in
constant (FY 1992) dollars are also shown.
As with the series on physical capital, several
budget data sources have been used to develop
a consistent data series extending back to
1962. A discontinuity occurs between 1991
and 1992 and affects primarily direct Federal
higher education outlays. For 1991 and earlier,
these data include net loan outlays. Beginning
in 1992, pursuant to changes in the treatment
of loans as specified in the Credit Reform
Act of 1990, this series includes outlays
for loan repayments and defaults for loans
originated in 1991 and earlier and credit
subsidy outlays for loans originated in 1992
and later years.
Table 9.9 also excludes education and training outlays for physical capital (which are
included in Table 9.7) and education and
training outlays for the conduct of research
and development (which are in Table 9.8).
Also excluded are education and training
programs for Federal civilian and military
personnel.
Notes on Section 10 (Implicit Outlay
Deflators)
Section 10 consists of Table 10.1, Gross
Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the
Historical Tables, which shows the various
implicit deflators used to convert current
dollar outlays to constant dollars. The constant
dollar deflators are based on chain-weighted
(FY 1992 chained-dollars) deflators derived
from the National Income and Product Accounts data.
Notes on Section 11 (Federal
Government Payments for Individuals)
This section provides detail on outlays
for Federal Government payments for individ-

uals, which are also described in the notes
on Section 6. The basic purpose of the
payments for individuals aggregation is to
provide a broad perspective on Federal cash
or in-kind payments for which no current
service is rendered yet which constitutes
income transfers to individuals and families.
Table 11.1 provides an overview display of
these data in four different forms. All four
of these displays show the total payments
for individuals, and the split of this total
between grants to State and local governments
for payments for individuals (such as medicaid
and grants for housing assistance) and all
other (‘‘direct’’) payments for individuals.
Table 11.2 shows the functional composition
of payments for individuals (see notes on
Section 3 for a description of the functional
classification), and includes the same grants
versus nongrants (‘‘direct’’) split provided in
Table 11.1. The off-budget social security
program finances a significant portion of
the Federal payments for individuals. These
tables do not distinguish between the onbudget and off-budget payments for individuals. However, all payments for individuals
shown in Table 11.2 in function 650 (social
security) are off-budget outlays, and all other
payments for individuals are on-budget. Table
11.3 displays the payments for individuals
by major program category.

Notes on Section 12 (Federal Grants To
State and Local Governments)
For several decades the Federal budget
documents have provided data on Federal
grants to State and local governments. The
purpose of these data is to identify Federal
Government outlays that constitute income
to State and local governments to help finance
their services and their income transfers
(payments for individuals) to the public.
Grants generally exclude Federal Government
payments for services rendered directly to
the Federal Government; for example, they
exclude most Federal Government payments
for research and development, and they exclude payments to State social service agencies
for screening disability insurance beneficiaries
for the Federal disability insurance trust
fund.

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 12.1 provides an overall perspective
on grants; its structure is similar to the
structure of Table 11.1.
Table 12.2 displays Federal grants by function (see notes on Section 3 for a description
of the functional classification). The bulk
of Federal grants are included in the Federal
funds group; however, since the creation
of the highway trust fund in 1957, significant
amounts of grants have been financed from
trust funds (see notes to Section 1 for a
description of the difference between ‘‘Federal
funds’’ and ‘‘trust funds’’). All Federal grants
are on-budget. Wherever trust fund outlays
are included in those data, Table 12.2 not
only identifies the total grants by function
but also shows the split between Federal
funds and trust funds.
Table 12.3 provides data on grants at
the account or program level, with an identification of the function, agency, and fund
group of the payment.
Notes on Section 13 (Social Security and
Medicare)
Over the past several decades the social
security programs (the Federal old-age and
survivors insurance (OASI) and the Federal
disability insurance (DI) trust funds) and
the medicare programs (the Federal hospital
insurance (HI) and the Federal supplementary
medical insurance (SMI) trust funds) have
grown to be among the largest parts of
the Federal budget. Because of the size,
the rates of growth, and the specialized
financing of these programs, policy analysts
frequently wish to identify these activities
separately from all other Federal taxes and
spending. As discussed in the introductory
notes, the two social security funds are
off-budget, while the medicare funds are
on-budget. As Table 13.1 shows, the first
of these funds (OASI) began in 1937. The
table shows the annual transactions of that
fund and of the other funds beginning with
their points of origin.
The table provides detailed information
about social security and medicare by fund.
It shows total cash income (including offsetting
receipts) by fund, separately identifying social
insurance
taxes
and
contributions,

11

intragovernmental income, and proprietary
receipts from the public. Virtually all of
the proprietary receipts from the public, especially those for the supplementary medical
insurance trust fund, are medicare insurance
premiums. The table shows the income, outgo,
and surplus or deficit of each fund for
each year, and also shows the balances
of the funds available for future requirements.
Most of these fund balances are invested
in public debt securities and constitute a
significant portion of the debt held by Government accounts (see Table 7.1).
The SMI fund, which was established in
1967, is financed primarily by payments from
Federal funds and secondarily by medical
insurance premiums (proprietary receipts from
the public). The other three trust funds
are financed primarily by social insurance
taxes. The law establishing the rate and
base of these taxes allocates the tax receipts
among the three funds.
The table shows significant transfers by
OASI and DI to the railroad retirement
social security equivalent account. These transfers are equal to the additional amounts
of money social security would have had
to pay, less additional receipts it would
have collected, if the rail labor force had
been included directly under social security
since the inception of the social security
program.
In 1983, when the OASI fund ran short
of money, Congress passed legislation that
(a) provided for a one-time acceleration of
military service credit payments to these
trust funds, (b) provided for a Federal fund
payment to OASDI for the estimated value
of checks issued in prior years and charged
to the trust funds but never cashed, (c)
required that the Treasury make payments
to OASDHI on the first day of the month
for the estimated amounts of their social
insurance taxes to be collected over the
course of each month (thereby increasing
each affected trust fund’s balances at the
beginning of the month), and (d) subjected
some social security benefits to Federal income
or other taxes and provided for payments
by Federal funds to social security of amounts
equal to these additional taxes. Additionally,
in 1983 the OASI fund borrowed from the

12

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

DI and HI funds (the tables show the amounts
of such borrowing and repayments of borrowing). The large intragovernmental collections
by OASDHI in 1983 are a result of the
transactions described under (a) and (b) above.
Also starting in 1983, OASI began paying
interest to DI and HI to reimburse them
for the balances OASI borrowed from them;
OASDHI paid interest to Treasury to compensate it for the balances transferred to
these funds on the first day of each month.
The legal requirement for Treasury to make
payments on the first day of the month,
and the associated interest payment, ended
in 1985 for HI and in 1991 for OASI
and DI.
Notes on Section 14 (Federal Sector
Transactions in the National Income
and Product Accounts)
The principal system used in the United
States for measuring total economic activity
is the system of national income and product
accounts (NIPA), which provide calculations
of the GDP and related data series. These
data are produced by the Bureau of Economic
Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce. As part of this work the BEA staff
analyze the budget data base and estimate
transactions consistent with this measurement
system. The NIPA data are normally produced
for calendar years and quarters. Section 14
provides Federal Sector NIPA data on a
fiscal year basis.
The BEA recently completed a benchmark
revision to the NIPA data; however, the
data required to update years prior to FY
1960 for this section to the revised basis
are not yet available. Thus, the data are
presented on a post-benchmark basis from
FY 1960 through FY 1998.
Notes on Section 15 (Total (Federal and
State and Local) Government Finances)
Section 15 provides a perspective on the
size and composition of total Government
(Federal, State, and local) receipts and spending. Both the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Economic Analysis in the
Commerce Department provide information
(in the national income and product accounts

(NIPA) data) on income and spending for
all levels of government in the United States.
These tables include the NIPA State and
local transactions with the Federal Government (deducting the amount of overlap due
to Federal grants to State and local governments) to measure total Government receipts
and spending on a fiscal year basis from
1960 through 1996.
Notes on Section 16 (Federal Health
Spending)
Section 16 consists of Table 16.1, Total
Outlays for Health Programs. This table
shows a broad definition of total Federal
health spending by type of health program,
including defense and veterans health programs, medicare, medicaid, Federal employees’
health benefits and other health spending.
It also shows Federal health spending as
percentages of total outlays and of GDP.
Notes on Section 17 (Federal
Employment)
Section 17 provides an overview of the
size and scope of the Federal work force.
The measures of Federal employment currently in use are end-strength and fulltime equivalents (FTEs). End-strength is the
measure of total positions filled at the end
of the fiscal year, representing a ‘‘head count’’
of all paid employees.
Federal employment in the Executive
Branch, however, is controlled on the basis
of FTEs. Full-time equivalent (FTE) employment is the measure of the total number
of regular (non-overtime) hours worked by
an employee divided by the number of compensable hours applicable to each fiscal year.
A typical FTE workyear is equal to 2,080
hours. Put simply, one full-time employee
counts as one FTE, and two employees who
work half-time count as one FTE. FTE data
have been collected for Executive Branch
agencies since 1981.
The tables included in this section illustrate
the size of the governmental work forces
utilizing these measures. Table 17.1 shows
the end-strength of the Executive Branch
and selected agencies starting in 1940. Table
17.2 shows the end-strength of the Executive

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Branch and selected agencies as a percentage
of total Executive Branch employment starting
in 1940. Table 17.3 shows FTEs for the
Executive Branch and selected agencies for
1981 and subsequent years; Table 17.4 shows
these FTEs as a percentage of total Executive
Branch FTEs. In Table 17.3, the figure
shown for 1999 is the limitation for the

13

Executive Branch established by the Federal
Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994. Table
17.5 shows a comparison of the end-strengths
of Federal employment and State and local
government employment, and the total of
the two as a percentage of the U.S. population
in each year.

HISTORICAL TRENDS
Because the Historical Tables publication
provides a large volume and wide array
of data on Federal Government finances,
it is sometimes difficult to perceive the longer
term patterns in various budget aggregates
and components. To assist the reader in
understanding some of these longer term
patterns, this section provides a short summary of the trends in Federal deficits and
surpluses, debt, receipts, outlays and employment.

at 4.3% in 1976. Debt held by the public
had grown to $477 billion by 1976, but,
because the economy had grown faster, debt
as a percent of GDP had declined throughout
the postwar period to a low of 23.9% in
1974, climbing back to 27.6% in 1976. Following five years of deficits averaging 2.5%
of GDP between 1977-1981, debt held by
the public rose to 25.8% of GDP by 1981,
only two percentage points higher than its
postwar low.

Deficits and Debt.—As shown in Table
1.1, except for periods of war (when spending
for defense increased sharply), depressions
or other economic downturns (when receipts
fell precipitously), the Federal budget was
generally in surplus throughout most of the
Nation’s first 200 years. For our first 60
years as a Nation (through 1849), cumulative
budget surpluses and deficits yielded a net
surplus of $70 million. The Civil War, along
with the Spanish-American War and the
depression of the 1890s, resulted in a cumulative deficit totaling just under $1 billion
during the 1850–1900 period. Between 1901
and 1916, the budget hovered very close
to balance every year. World War I brought
large deficits that totaled $23 billion over
the 1917–1919 period. The budget was then
in surplus throughout the 1920s. However,
the combination of the Great Depression
followed by World War II resulted in a
long, unbroken string of deficits that were
historically unprecedented in magnitude. As
a result, Federal debt held by the public
mushroomed from less than $3 billion in
1917 to $16 billion in 1930 and then to
$242 billion by 1946. In relation to the
size of the economy, debt held by the public
grew from 16% of GDP in 1930 to 111%
in 1946.

The traditional pattern of running large
deficits only in times of war or economic
downturns was broken during the rest of
the 1980s. In 1982, large tax cuts were
enacted as were substantial increases in
defense spending. Reductions in nondefense
spending were not sufficient to offset the
impact on the deficit. As a result, deficits
averaging $207 billion were incurred between
1983 and 1992. As a result of these unprecedented peacetime deficits, debt held by the
public grew from $785 billion in 1981 to
$3.0 trillion in 1992.

During much of the postwar period, this
same pattern persisted—large deficits were
incurred only in time of war (e.g., Korea
and Vietnam) or as a result of recessions.
As shown in Table 1.2, prior to the 1980s,
postwar deficits as a percent of GDP reached
their highest during the 1975–76 recession

Since peaking at $290 billion in 1992,
deficits have declined each year, dropping
to a level of $107 billion in 1996. As a
percent of GDP, deficits were reduced by
more than two-thirds during those 4 years,
from 4.7% in 1992 to 1.4% in 1996.
Receipts.— From the beginning of the Republic until the start of the Civil War,
our Nation relied on customs duties to finance
the activities of the Federal Government.
During the 19th Century, sales of public
lands supplemented customs duties. While
large amounts were occasionally obtained from
the sale of lands, customs duties accounted
for over 90% of Federal receipts in most
years prior to the Civil War. Excise taxes
became an important and growing source
of Federal receipts starting in the 1860s.
Estate and gift taxes were levied and collected
sporadically from the 1860s through World
War I, although never amounting to a significant source of receipts during that time.
Prior to 1913, income taxes did not exist
or were inconsequential, other than for a
15

16

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

brief time during the Civil War period, when
special tax legislation raised the income tax
share of Federal receipts to as much as
13% in 1866. Subsequent to the enactment
of income tax legislation in 1913, these
taxes grew in importance as a Federal receipts
source during following decade. By 1930,
the Federal Government was relying on income taxes for 60% of its receipts, while
customs duties and excise taxes each accounted for 15% of the receipts total.
During the 1930s, total Federal receipts
averaged about 5% of GDP. World War
II brought a dramatic increase in receipts,
with the Federal receipts share of GDP
peaking at 21.2% in 1944. The share declined
somewhat after the war and has remained
fairly steady since the early 1950s, fluctuating
between 16–20% of GDP. Federal receipts
ranged from 17 to 19 percent of GDP in
the 1960s and 1970s and are currently at
19.4% of GDP. This relative stability in
the postwar receipts share of GDP masks
some significant shifts over time in the
underlying sources or composition of receipts.
The increase in taxes needed to support
the war effort in the 1940s saw the income
tax rise to prominence as a source of Federal
receipts, reaching nearly 80% of total receipts
in 1944. After the war, the income tax
share of total receipts fell from a postwar
high of 74% in 1952 to 63% in the late
1960s. The growth in social insurance taxes
(such as social security and medicare) more
than offset a postwar secular decline in
excise and other non-income tax shares. The
combination of substantial reductions in income taxes enacted in the early 1980s and
the continued growth in social insurance
taxes has resulted in a continued decline
in the income tax share of total receipts.
By 1983 income taxes had dropped to 54%
of total receipts and have remained between
53% and 57% since then.
Corporation income taxes accounted for a
large part of this postwar decline, falling
from 30% of total Federal receipts in the
early 1950s to 20% in 1969. During the
same period, pretax corporate profits fell
from about 12% of GDP in the early 1950s
to 10% in 1969. By 1980 the corporation
income tax share of total receipts had dropped

to 12.5%. During the 1980s, pretax corporate
profits declined as a percent of GDP and,
thus, the corporation income tax share dropped
to as low as 6.2%, but eventually climbed
back to 11.8% by 1996—still below the 1980
share. This sharp drop in corporation income
tax share of total receipts was more than
offset by the growth in social insurance
taxes, as both tax rates and percentage
of the workforce covered by these taxes
increased. Social insurance taxes increased
from only 8% of total receipts during the
mid-1940s to 38% by 1992, declining to
35% by 1996. Excise taxes have also declined
in relative importance during the postwar
period, falling from a 19% share in 1947
to slightly under 4% currently.
Outlays and Federal employment.—Throughout most of the Nation’s history prior to
the 1930s, the bulk of Federal spending
went towards national defense, veterans benefits and interest on the public debt. In
1929, for example, 71% of Federal outlays
were in these three categories. The 1930s
began with Federal outlays comprising just
3.3% of GDP. The efforts to fight the Great
Depression with public works and other nondefense Federal spending, when combined
with the depressed GDP levels, caused outlays
and their share of GDP to increase steadily
during most of that decade, with outlays
rising to 10.1% of GDP by 1939 and to
11.8% by 1941 on the eve of U.S. involvement
in World War II (as shown in Table 1.2).
Defense spending during World War II resulted in outlays as a percent of GDP rising
sharply, to a peak of 44.2% in 1944. The
end of the war brought total spending down
to 14.4% of GDP in 1949. The Korean
war increased spending to an average 19.5%
of GDP for a few years in the early 1950s,
but outlays as a percent of GDP then stabilized at around 17–19% until U.S. involvement in the Vietnam war escalated sharply
in the middle 1960s and early 1970s. From
1967 through 1972, Federal outlays averaged
19.7% of GDP. The decline in defense spending
as a percent of GDP that began in 1971,
as the Vietnam War came to a close, was
more than offset by increased spending on
human resources programs during the 1970s—
due to the maturation of the social security
program and other longstanding income sup-

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

port programs, as well as a takeoff in spending
on the recently enacted Great Society programs, such as medicare and medicaid—
so that total spending increased as a percent
of GDP to average more than 21% during
the last half of that decade. Also contributing
to the increase in Federal spending was
a substantial increase throughout the 1970s
in grants to State and local governments.
Since receipts stabilized at 17–18% of GDP
during most of the decade, chronic deficits
of nearly 2% of GDP were incurred (except
for the recession of 1975–76, which saw
deficits increase to an average of 4%).
The 1980s began with substantial momentum in the growth of Federal nondefense
spending in the areas of human resources,
grants to State and local governments, and,
as a result of the deficits incurred throughout
the 1970s, interest on the public debt. In
the early 1980s, a combination of substantially
increased defense spending, continued growth
in human resource spending, a tax cut and
recession caused the deficits to soar, which,
in turn, sharply increased spending for interest on the public debt. Federal spending
climbed to an average of nearly 23% of
GDP in the first half of the decade. Partial
reversals of the tax cut and rapid defense
buildup, along with a strong economy during
the second half of the decade, brought Federal
spending back down to 21.4% of GDP by
1989. In the early 1990s, another recession
in the face of continued rapid growth in
Federal health care spending and additional
spending necessitated by the Savings and
Loan crisis caused outlays to average over
22.5% of GDP in 1991 and 1992. During
the past four years, this outlay growth trend
was reversed. Outlays have begun to fall
as a percent of GDP, dropping to 20.8%
in 1996.
Despite the growth in total Federal spending
as a percent of GDP in the postwar period,
Federal employment, as shown in Table 17.1,
has remained roughly constant, ranging from
1.8 to 2.3 million civilian employees (excluding
the Postal Service) throughout this period.
The composition of employment has shifted
dramatically between defense and civilian
agencies over the last 35 years. In 1951,
for example, of the 2.0 million employees,
1.2 million worked for the Department of

17

Defense and 0.7 million worked for civilian
agencies. By 1974, Federal employment was
split equally between defense and civilian
agencies, with each accounting for 1.07 million
employees. The shift away from defense to
civilian
agency
employment
continued
throughout the next two decades so that
by 1996 civilian agency employment was
1.2 million and Department of Defense employment was 0.8 million, nearly the reverse
of the proportions in 1951. During the past
several years total Federal employment has
begun to decline. Since 1992, when there
were 2.2 million civilians employed by the
Federal Government, reductions of nearly 300
thousand employees have been achieved,
bringing Federal employment down to 1.9
million in 1996.
Although total spending has increased substantially as a percent of GDP since the
1950s, the growth in the various components
of spending has not been even and, thus,
the composition of spending has changed
significantly during the same period.
Discretionary spending totaled 12.7% of
GDP in 1962, with three-fourths going to
defense. Defense spending increased during
the Vietnam War buildup in the late 1960s
causing total discretionary outlays to rise
to 13.6% of GDP by 1968, after which
a secular decline began. By the middle 1970s,
this category had dropped to 10% of GDP.
It fluctuated between 91⁄2–101⁄2% of GDP
until the late 1980’s, when the defense buildup
that started early in that decade ended.
Total discretionary spending has fallen more
sharply over the past ten years, from 9.6%
in 1987 to 7.1% in 1996. Although total
discretionary spending has followed a path
of secular decline over the past 25 years,
its major components—defense and nondefense—have experienced contrasting histories.
Defense discretionary spending began the
1960s at 9.3% of GDP in 1962. As shown
in Table 8.4, spending in this category had
declined to 7.4% of GDP by 1965, then
increased as a result of the Vietnam War.
After peaking at 9.5% of GDP in 1968,
it returned to the 1965 level by 1971. The
decline continued throughout the 1970s, hitting a low point of 4.7% of GDP in 1979.

18

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

The defense buildup starting in the early
1980s boosted its percentage of GDP back
to 6.3% by 1986, after which it again began
a gradual decline throughout the rest of
that decade. By 1996, defense discretionary
spending stood at 3.6% of GDP, reflecting
the impact of the end of the Cold War
on our Nation’s defense requirements.
Nondefense discretionary spending as a
percent of GDP has followed a much different
path. In 1962, it stood at 3.4% of GDP.
During the next few years it quickly increased,
reaching 4.2% of GDP by 1967. It dropped
slightly after that year, but still averaged
about 4.0% of GDP until 1975, when it
surged to 4.5% of GDP due to the recession
and, in part, to growth in spending on
energy and the environment, housing and
other income support programs. Much of
this growth was in the form of Federal
grants to State and local governments. Additional grant spending arose from the creation
of General Revenue Sharing in 1972 and
various anti-recession grants at the end of
the decade. Nondefense discretionary outlays
peaked as a percent of GDP during the
recession in 1980 at 5.2%. They declined
sharply starting in 1982, falling to 3.9%
by 1985 and to 3.5% during the 1987–1990
period. Spending for these programs has
increased slightly since 1990, climbing to
3.8% by 1992 before falling back to 3.5%
in 1996.
Programmatic mandatory spending (which
excludes net interest and undistributed offsetting receipts) accounts for a large part of
the growth in total Federal spending as
a percent of GDP since the 1950s. Major
programs in this category include social security, medicare, deposit insurance and meanstested entitlements (medicaid, aid to dependent children, food stamps and other programs
subject to an income test). Prior to the
start of medicare and medicaid in 1966,
this category averaged 5.7% of GDP between
1962 and 1965 (less than half the size
of total discretionary spending), with social

security accounting for nearly half. Within
a decade, this category was comparable in
size to total discretionary spending, nearly
doubling as a percent of GDP to 10.6%
by 1976 (1.1% of which was for unemployment
compensation that year).
Although part of this growth represented
the impact of the 1975–76 recession on GDP
levels and outlays for unemployment compensation, the largest part was due to growth
in social security, medicare and medicaid.
These three programs totaled 3.4% of GDP
in 1968 and had nearly doubled to 5.8%
of GDP by 1976. While social security stabilized as a percent of GDP during 1985–1995,
ranging from 4.3% to 4.7%, the growth in
other programmatic mandatory spending has
continued to outpace the growth in GDP
since the mid-1970s (apart from the recessionary periods) due largely to medicare and
medicaid. These two programs, which were
1.4% of GDP in 1976, have more than
doubled as a percent of GDP since then,
reaching 3.5% in 1996. Excluding medicaid,
spending for means-tested entitlements in
1996 was at 1.3% percent of GDP, the
same as it was twenty years ago in 1976.
By way of contrast, programmatic mandatory
spending—other than medicare, unemployment compensation, social security, deposit
insurance and means-tested entitlements—
has been halved as a percent of GDP, falling
from 2.8% in 1976 to 1.4% of GDP in
1996. (Major programs in this grouping include
Federal employee and railroad retirement,
veterans’ benefits other than veterans’ pensions, and farm price supports.) Nevertheless,
total programmatic mandatory spending in
1996 had reached 11.0% of GDP compared
to 7.1% for total discretionary spending.
Additional perspectives on spending trends
available in this document include spending
by agency, by function and subfunction and
by composition of outlays categories, which
include payments for individuals and grants
to State and local governments.

1

2

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

19

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 1.1—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–): 1789–2002
(in millions of dollars)

Total
Year
Receipts
1789–1849 .......................................................................
1850–1900 .......................................................................

Outlays

On-Budget
Surplus or
Deficit (–)

Receipts

Outlays

Off-Budget
Surplus or
Deficit (–)

Receipts

Outlays

Surplus or
Deficit (–)

1,160
14,462

1,090
15,453

70
–991

1,160
14,462

1,090
15,453

70
–991

..................
..................

..................
..................

..................
..................

1901
1902
1903
1904

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

588
562
562
541

525
485
517
584

63
77
45
–43

588
562
562
541

525
485
517
584

63
77
45
–43

..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................

1905
1906
1907
1908
1909

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

544
595
666
602
604

567
570
579
659
694

–23
25
87
–57
–89

544
595
666
602
604

567
570
579
659
694

–23
25
87
–57
–89

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

1910
1911
1912
1913
1914

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

676
702
693
714
725

694
691
690
715
726

–18
11
3
–*
–*

676
702
693
714
725

694
691
690
715
726

–18
11
3
–*
–*

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

1915
1916
1917
1918
1919

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

683
761
1,101
3,645
5,130

746
713
1,954
12,677
18,493

–63
48
–853
–9,032
–13,363

683
761
1,101
3,645
5,130

746
713
1,954
12,677
18,493

–63
48
–853
–9,032
–13,363

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

1920
1921
1922
1923
1924

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

6,649
5,571
4,026
3,853
3,871

6,358
5,062
3,289
3,140
2,908

291
509
736
713
963

6,649
5,571
4,026
3,853
3,871

6,358
5,062
3,289
3,140
2,908

291
509
736
713
963

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

1925
1926
1927
1928
1929

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

3,641
3,795
4,013
3,900
3,862

2,924
2,930
2,857
2,961
3,127

717
865
1,155
939
734

3,641
3,795
4,013
3,900
3,862

2,924
2,930
2,857
2,961
3,127

717
865
1,155
939
734

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

1930
1931
1932
1933
1934

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

4,058
3,116
1,924
1,997
2,955

3,320
3,577
4,659
4,598
6,541

738
–462
–2,735
–2,602
–3,586

4,058
3,116
1,924
1,997
2,955

3,320
3,577
4,659
4,598
6,541

738
–462
–2,735
–2,602
–3,586

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

1935
1936
1937
1938
1939

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

3,609
3,923
5,387
6,751
6,295

6,412
8,228
7,580
6,840
9,141

–2,803
–4,304
–2,193
–89
–2,846

3,609
3,923
5,122
6,364
5,792

6,412
8,228
7,582
6,850
9,154

–2,803
–4,304
–2,460
–486
–3,362

..................
..................
265
387
503

..................
..................
–2
–10
–13

..................
..................
267
397
516

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

6,548
8,712
14,634
24,001
43,747

9,468
13,653
35,137
78,555
91,304

–2,920
–4,941
–20,503
–54,554
–47,557

5,998
8,024
13,738
22,871
42,455

9,482
13,618
35,071
78,466
91,190

–3,484
–5,594
–21,333
–55,595
–48,735

550
688
896
1,130
1,292

–14
35
66
89
114

564
653
830
1,041
1,178

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

45,159
39,296
38,514
41,560
39,415

92,712
55,232
34,496
29,764
38,835

–47,553
–15,936
4,018
11,796
580

43,849
38,057
37,055
39,944
37,724

92,569
55,022
34,193
29,396
38,408

–48,720
–16,964
2,861
10,548
–684

1,310
1,238
1,459
1,616
1,690

143
210
303
368
427

1,167
1,028
1,157
1,248
1,263

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

39,443
51,616
66,167
69,608
69,701

42,562
45,514
67,686
76,101
70,855

–3,119
6,102
–1,519
–6,493
–1,154

37,336
48,496
62,573
65,511
65,112

42,038
44,237
65,956
73,771
67,943

–4,702
4,259
–3,383
–8,259
–2,831

2,106
3,120
3,594
4,097
4,589

524
1,277
1,730
2,330
2,912

1,583
1,843
1,864
1,766
1,677

* $500 thousand or less.

20

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 1.1—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–): 1789–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Total
Year
Receipts

Outlays

On-Budget
Surplus or
Deficit (–)

Receipts

Outlays

Off-Budget
Surplus or
Deficit (–)

Receipts

Outlays

Surplus or
Deficit (–)

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

65,451
74,587
79,990
79,636
79,249

68,444
70,640
76,578
82,405
92,098

–2,993
3,947
3,412
–2,769
–12,849

60,370
68,162
73,201
71,587
70,953

64,461
65,668
70,562
74,902
83,102

–4,091
2,494
2,639
–3,315
–12,149

5,081
6,425
6,789
8,049
8,296

3,983
4,972
6,016
7,503
8,996

1,098
1,452
773
546
–700

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

92,492
94,388
99,676
106,560
112,613

92,191
97,723
106,821
111,316
118,528

301
–3,335
–7,146
–4,756
–5,915

81,851
82,279
87,405
92,385
96,248

81,341
86,046
93,286
96,352
102,794

510
–3,766
–5,881
–3,966
–6,546

10,641
12,109
12,271
14,175
16,366

10,850
11,677
13,535
14,964
15,734

–209
431
–1,265
–789
632

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

116,817
130,835
148,822
152,973
186,882

118,228
134,532
157,464
178,134
183,640

–1,411
–3,698
–8,643
–25,161
3,242

100,094
111,749
124,420
128,056
157,928

101,699
114,817
137,040
155,798
158,436

–1,605
–3,068
–12,620
–27,742
–507

16,723
19,085
24,401
24,917
28,953

16,529
19,715
20,424
22,336
25,204

194
–630
3,978
2,581
3,749

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

192,807
187,139
207,309
230,799
263,224

195,649
210,172
230,681
245,707
269,359

–2,842
–23,033
–23,373
–14,908
–6,135

159,348
151,294
167,402
184,715
209,299

168,042
177,346
193,824
200,118
217,270

–8,694
–26,052
–26,423
–15,403
–7,971

33,459
35,845
39,907
46,084
53,925

27,607
32,826
36,857
45,589
52,089

5,852
3,019
3,050
495
1,836

1975 .................................................................................
1976 .................................................................................
TQ ....................................................................................
1977 .................................................................................
1978 .................................................................................
1979 .................................................................................

279,090
298,060
81,232
355,559
399,561
463,302

332,332
371,792
95,975
409,218
458,746
504,032

–53,242
–73,732
–14,744
–53,659
–59,186
–40,729

216,633
231,671
63,216
278,741
314,169
365,309

271,892
302,183
76,555
328,502
369,089
404,054

–55,260
–70,512
–13,339
–49,760
–54,920
–38,745

62,458
66,389
18,016
76,817
85,391
97,994

60,440
69,609
19,421
80,716
89,657
99,978

2,018
–3,220
–1,405
–3,899
–4,266
–1,984

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

517,112
599,272
617,766
600,562
666,499

590,947
678,249
745,755
808,380
851,888

–73,835
–78,976
–127,989
–207,818
–185,388

403,903
469,097
474,299
453,242
500,424

476,618
543,053
594,351
661,272
686,074

–72,715
–73,956
–120,052
–208,030
–185,650

113,209
130,176
143,467
147,320
166,075

114,329
135,196
151,404
147,108
165,813

–1,120
–5,020
–7,937
212
262

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

734,165
769,260
854,396
909,303
991,190

946,499
990,505
1,004,164
1,064,489
1,143,671

–212,334
–221,245
–149,769
–155,187
–152,481

547,994
569,031
640,994
667,812
727,525

769,692
807,007
810,332
861,798
932,760

–221,698
–237,976
–169,339
–193,986
–205,235

186,171
200,228
213,402
241,491
263,666

176,807
183,498
193,832
202,691
210,911

9,363
16,731
19,570
38,800
52,754

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

1,031,969
1,055,041
1,091,279
1,154,401
1,258,627

1,253,163
1,324,400
1,381,681
1,409,414
1,461,731

–221,194
–269,359
–290,402
–255,013
–203,104

750,314
761,157
788,853
842,467
923,601

1,028,098
1,082,713
1,129,343
1,142,827
1,182,359

–277,784
–321,557
–340,489
–300,360
–258,758

281,656
293,885
302,426
311,934
335,026

225,065
241,687
252,339
266,587
279,372

56,590
52,198
50,087
45,347
55,654

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

.................................................................................
.................................................................................
estimate ..................................................................
estimate ..................................................................
estimate ..................................................................

1,351,830
1,453,062
1,505,425
1,566,842
1,643,320

1,515,729
1,560,330
1,631,016
1,687,475
1,760,700

–163,899
–107,268
–125,591
–120,633
–117,380

1,000,751
1,085,570
1,116,522
1,161,898
1,218,124

1,227,065
1,259,872
1,316,014
1,358,896
1,422,832

–226,314
–174,302
–199,492
–196,998
–204,708

351,079
367,492
388,903
404,944
425,196

288,664
300,458
315,002
328,579
337,868

62,415
67,034
73,901
76,365
87,328

2000 estimate ..................................................................
2001 estimate ..................................................................
2002 estimate ..................................................................

1,727,304
1,808,347
1,896,686

1,814,427
1,844,488
1,879,717

–87,123
–36,141
16,969

1,280,408
1,340,730
1,406,821

1,463,751
1,479,969
1,499,370

–183,343
–139,239
–92,549

446,896
467,617
489,865

350,676
364,519
380,347

96,220
103,098
109,518

21

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 1.2—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–) AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1930–2002

Year

GDP
(in billions of
dollars)

Total

On-Budget

Off-Budget

Receipts

Outlays

Surplus
or
Deficit (–)

Receipts

Outlays

Surplus
or
Deficit (–)

Receipts

Outlays

Surplus
or
Deficit (–)

1930
1931
1932
1933
1934

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

99.2
85.2
68.6
58.2
61.9

4.1
3.7
2.8
3.4
4.8

3.3
4.2
6.8
7.9
10.6

0.7
–0.5
–4.0
–4.5
–5.8

4.1
3.7
2.8
3.4
4.8

3.3
4.2
6.8
7.9
10.6

0.7
–0.5
–4.0
–4.5
–5.8

..............
..............
..............
..............
..............

..............
..............
..............
..............
..............

................
................
................
................
................

1935
1936
1937
1938
1939

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

70.4
79.4
88.9
90.0
90.1

5.1
4.9
6.1
7.5
7.0

9.1
10.4
8.5
7.6
10.1

–4.0
–5.4
–2.5
–0.1
–3.2

5.1
4.9
5.8
7.1
6.4

9.1
10.4
8.5
7.6
10.2

–4.0
–5.4
–2.8
–0.5
–3.7

..............
..............
0.3
0.4
0.6

..............
..............
–*
–*
–*

................
................
0.3
0.4
0.6

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

97.8
115.4
145.3
179.8
206.7

6.7
7.5
10.1
13.3
21.2

9.7
11.8
24.2
43.7
44.2

–3.0
–4.3
–14.1
–30.3
–23.0

6.1
7.0
9.5
12.7
20.5

9.7
11.8
24.1
43.6
44.1

–3.6
–4.8
–14.7
–30.9
–23.6

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

–*
*
*
*
0.1

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

217.4
217.8
228.5
253.5
269.5

20.8
18.0
16.9
16.4
14.6

42.6
25.4
15.1
11.7
14.4

–21.9
–7.3
1.8
4.7
0.2

20.2
17.5
16.2
15.8
14.0

42.6
25.3
15.0
11.6
14.3

–22.4
–7.8
1.3
4.2
–0.3

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

272.6
321.0
349.2
372.4
377.1

14.5
16.1
18.9
18.7
18.5

15.6
14.2
19.4
20.4
18.8

–1.1
1.9
–0.4
–1.7
–0.3

13.7
15.1
17.9
17.6
17.3

15.4
13.8
18.9
19.8
18.0

–1.7
1.3
–1.0
–2.2
–0.8

0.8
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2

0.2
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8

0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

395.5
426.6
449.9
458.8
489.7

16.5
17.5
17.8
17.4
16.2

17.3
16.6
17.0
18.0
18.8

–0.8
0.9
0.8
–0.6
–2.6

15.3
16.0
16.3
15.6
14.5

16.3
15.4
15.7
16.3
17.0

–1.0
0.6
0.6
–0.7
–2.5

1.3
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.7

1.0
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.8

0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
–0.1

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

518.3
530.4
567.3
599.0
639.8

17.8
17.8
17.6
17.8
17.6

17.8
18.4
18.8
18.6
18.5

0.1
–0.6
–1.3
–0.8
–0.9

15.8
15.5
15.4
15.4
15.0

15.7
16.2
16.4
16.1
16.1

0.1
–0.7
–1.0
–0.7
–1.0

2.1
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.6

2.1
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.5

–*
0.1
–0.2
–0.1
0.1

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

686.8
752.7
811.9
868.0
948.1

17.0
17.4
18.3
17.6
19.7

17.2
17.9
19.4
20.5
19.4

–0.2
–0.5
–1.1
–2.9
0.3

14.6
14.8
15.3
14.8
16.7

14.8
15.3
16.9
17.9
16.7

–0.2
–0.4
–1.6
–3.2
–0.1

2.4
2.5
3.0
2.9
3.1

2.4
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.7

*
–0.1
0.5
0.3
0.4

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

1,009.4
1,077.4
1,177.0
1,306.8
1,438.1

19.1
17.4
17.6
17.7
18.3

19.4
19.5
19.6
18.8
18.7

–0.3
–2.1
–2.0
–1.1
–0.4

15.8
14.0
14.2
14.1
14.6

16.6
16.5
16.5
15.3
15.1

–0.9
–2.4
–2.2
–1.2
–0.6

3.3
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.7

2.7
3.0
3.1
3.5
3.6

0.6
0.3
0.3
*
0.1

1975 ..........................................................................................
1976 ..........................................................................................
TQ .............................................................................................
1977 ..........................................................................................
1978 ..........................................................................................
1979 ..........................................................................................

1,554.5
1,730.4
454.8
1,971.4
2,212.6
2,495.9

18.0
17.2
17.9
18.0
18.1
18.6

21.4
21.5
21.1
20.8
20.7
20.2

–3.4
–4.3
–3.2
–2.7
–2.7
–1.6

13.9
13.4
13.9
14.1
14.2
14.6

17.5
17.5
16.8
16.7
16.7
16.2

–3.6
–4.1
–2.9
–2.5
–2.5
–1.6

4.0
3.8
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.9

3.9
4.0
4.3
4.1
4.1
4.0

0.1
–0.2
–0.3
–0.2
–0.2
–0.1

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

2,718.9
3,049.1
3,211.3
3,421.9
3,812.0

19.0
19.7
19.2
17.6
17.5

21.7
22.2
23.2
23.6
22.3

–2.7
–2.6
–4.0
–6.1
–4.9

14.9
15.4
14.8
13.2
13.1

17.5
17.8
18.5
19.3
18.0

–2.7
–2.4
–3.7
–6.1
–4.9

4.2
4.3
4.5
4.3
4.4

4.2
4.4
4.7
4.3
4.3

–*
–0.2
–0.2
*
*

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

* 0.05 percent or less.
Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

22

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 1.2—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–) AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1930–2002—Continued

Year

GDP
(in billions of
dollars)

Total

On-Budget

Off-Budget

Receipts

Outlays

Surplus
or
Deficit (–)

Receipts

Outlays

Surplus
or
Deficit (–)

Receipts

Outlays

Surplus
or
Deficit (–)

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

4,102.1
4,374.3
4,605.1
4,953.5
5,351.8

17.9
17.6
18.6
18.4
18.5

23.1
22.6
21.8
21.5
21.4

–5.2
–5.1
–3.3
–3.1
–2.8

13.4
13.0
13.9
13.5
13.6

18.8
18.4
17.6
17.4
17.4

–5.4
–5.4
–3.7
–3.9
–3.8

4.5
4.6
4.6
4.9
4.9

4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
3.9

0.2
0.4
0.4
0.8
1.0

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................

5,684.5
5,858.8
6,143.2
6,470.8
6,830.4

18.2
18.0
17.8
17.8
18.4

22.0
22.6
22.5
21.8
21.4

–3.9
–4.6
–4.7
–3.9
–3.0

13.2
13.0
12.8
13.0
13.5

18.1
18.5
18.4
17.7
17.3

–4.9
–5.5
–5.5
–4.6
–3.8

5.0
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.9

4.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.8

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
estimate ...........................................................................
estimate ...........................................................................
estimate ...........................................................................

7,186.9
7,484.7
7,853.8
8,218.6
8,611.8

18.8
19.4
19.2
19.1
19.1

21.1
20.8
20.8
20.5
20.4

–2.3
–1.4
–1.6
–1.5
–1.4

13.9
14.5
14.2
14.1
14.1

17.1
16.8
16.8
16.5
16.5

–3.1
–2.3
–2.5
–2.4
–2.4

4.9
4.9
5.0
4.9
4.9

4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.9

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0

2000 estimate ...........................................................................
2001 estimate ...........................................................................
2002 estimate ...........................................................................

9,042.9
9,493.5
9,965.4

19.1
19.0
19.0

20.1
19.4
18.9

–1.0
–0.4
0.2

14.2
14.1
14.1

16.2
15.6
15.0

–2.0
–1.5
–0.9

4.9
4.9
4.9

3.9
3.8
3.8

1.1
1.1
1.1

Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

23

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 1.3—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–) IN CURRENT DOLLARS, CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS, AND
AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1940–2002
(dollar amounts in billions)

In Current Dollars
Fiscal Year
Receipts

Outlays

In Constant (FY 1992 Dollars)
Surplus or
Deficit (–)

Receipts

Outlays

Surplus or
Deficit (–)

Addendum:
Composite
Deflator

As Percentages of GDP
Receipts

Outlays

Surplus or
Deficit (–)

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

6.5
8.7
14.6
24.0
43.7

9.5
13.7
35.1
78.6
91.3

–2.9
–4.9
–20.5
–54.6
–47.6

75.5
95.8
139.1
204.4
395.5

109.2
150.2
334.0
669.1
825.5

–33.7
–54.4
–194.9
–464.7
–430.0

0.0867
0.0909
0.1052
0.1174
0.1106

6.7
7.5
10.1
13.3
21.2

9.7
11.8
24.2
43.7
44.2

–3.0
–4.3
–14.1
–30.3
–23.0

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

45.2
39.3
38.5
41.6
39.4

92.7
55.2
34.5
29.8
38.8

–47.6
–15.9
4.0
11.8
0.6

420.1
376.4
308.4
324.7
306.5

862.4
529.0
276.2
232.5
302.0

–442.4
–152.6
32.2
92.2
4.5

0.1075
0.1044
0.1249
0.1280
0.1286

20.8
18.0
16.9
16.4
14.6

42.6
25.4
15.1
11.7
14.4

–21.9
–7.3
1.8
4.7
0.2

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

39.4
51.6
66.2
69.6
69.7

42.6
45.5
67.7
76.1
70.9

–3.1
6.1
–1.5
–6.5
–1.2

295.9
397.7
495.6
483.4
466.9

319.3
350.6
507.0
528.5
474.6

–23.4
47.0
–11.4
–45.1
–7.7

0.1333
0.1298
0.1335
0.1440
0.1493

14.5
16.1
18.9
18.7
18.5

15.6
14.2
19.4
20.4
18.8

–1.1
1.9
–0.4
–1.7
–0.3

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

65.5
74.6
80.0
79.6
79.2

68.4
70.6
76.6
82.4
92.1

–3.0
3.9
3.4
–2.8
–12.8

431.2
465.6
470.0
442.7
413.4

450.9
440.9
449.9
458.1
480.4

–19.7
24.6
20.0
–15.4
–67.0

0.1518
0.1602
0.1702
0.1799
0.1917

16.5
17.5
17.8
17.4
16.2

17.3
16.6
17.0
18.0
18.8

–0.8
0.9
0.8
–0.6
–2.6

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

92.5
94.4
99.7
106.6
112.6

92.2
97.7
106.8
111.3
118.5

0.3
–3.3
–7.1
–4.8
–5.9

459.7
457.8
477.6
492.4
512.1

458.2
473.9
511.8
514.4
539.0

1.5
–16.2
–34.2
–22.0
–26.9

0.2012
0.2062
0.2087
0.2164
0.2199

17.8
17.8
17.6
17.8
17.6

17.8
18.4
18.8
18.6
18.5

0.1
–0.6
–1.3
–0.8
–0.9

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

116.8
130.8
148.8
153.0
186.9

118.2
134.5
157.5
178.1
183.6

–1.4
–3.7
–8.6
–25.2
3.2

524.5
570.1
628.5
619.6
717.1

530.9
586.2
665.0
721.5
704.7

–6.3
–16.1
–36.5
–101.9
12.4

0.2227
0.2295
0.2368
0.2469
0.2606

17.0
17.4
18.3
17.6
19.7

17.2
17.9
19.4
20.5
19.4

–0.2
–0.5
–1.1
–2.9
0.3

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

192.8
187.1
207.3
230.8
263.2

195.6
210.2
230.7
245.7
269.4

–2.8
–23.0
–23.4
–14.9
–6.1

697.3
636.7
663.8
703.7
742.1

707.6
715.1
738.7
749.1
759.4

–10.3
–78.4
–74.8
–45.5
–17.3

0.2765
0.2939
0.3123
0.3280
0.3547

19.1
17.4
17.6
17.7
18.3

19.4
19.5
19.6
18.8
18.7

–0.3
–2.1
–2.0
–1.1
–0.4

1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
TQ .......................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................

279.1
298.1
81.2
355.6
399.6
463.3

332.3
371.8
96.0
409.2
458.7
504.0

–53.2
–73.7
–14.7
–53.7
–59.2
–40.7

711.8
709.8
187.1
783.2
822.6
879.6

847.6
885.4
221.0
901.4
944.5
957.0

–135.8
–175.6
–34.0
–118.2
–121.9
–77.3

0.3921
0.4199
0.4342
0.4540
0.4857
0.5267

18.0
17.2
17.9
18.0
18.1
18.6

21.4
21.5
21.1
20.8
20.7
20.2

–3.4
–4.3
–3.2
–2.7
–2.7
–1.6

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

517.1
599.3
617.8
600.6
666.5

590.9
678.2
745.8
808.4
851.9

–73.8
–79.0
–128.0
–207.8
–185.4

888.7
933.3
899.9
834.7
883.4

1,015.5
1,056.3
1,086.3
1,123.5
1,129.1

–126.9
–123.0
–186.4
–288.8
–245.7

0.5819
0.6421
0.6865
0.7195
0.7545

19.0
19.7
19.2
17.6
17.5

21.7
22.2
23.2
23.6
22.3

–2.7
–2.6
–4.0
–6.1
–4.9

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

734.2
769.3
854.4
909.3
991.2

946.5
990.5
1,004.2
1,064.5
1,143.7

–212.3
–221.2
–149.8
–155.2
–152.5

937.8
955.6
1,032.8
1,064.0
1,113.4

1,209.0
1,230.4
1,213.8
1,245.6
1,284.7

–271.2
–274.8
–181.0
–181.6
–171.3

0.7829
0.8050
0.8273
0.8546
0.8902

17.9
17.6
18.6
18.4
18.5

23.1
22.6
21.8
21.5
21.4

–5.2
–5.1
–3.3
–3.1
–2.8

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

1,032.0
1,055.0
1,091.3
1,154.4
1,258.6

1,253.2
1,324.4
1,381.7
1,409.4
1,461.7

–221.2
–269.4
–290.4
–255.0
–203.1

1,114.8
1,088.2
1,091.3
1,126.0
1,199.6

1,353.7
1,366.1
1,381.7
1,374.8
1,393.2

–238.9
–277.8
–290.4
–248.7
–193.6

0.9257
0.9695
1.0000
1.0252
1.0492

18.2
18.0
17.8
17.8
18.4

22.0
22.6
22.5
21.8
21.4

–3.9
–4.6
–4.7
–3.9
–3.0

24

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 1.3—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–) IN CURRENT DOLLARS, CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS, AND
AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1940–2002—Continued
(dollar amounts in billions)

In Current Dollars
Fiscal Year
Receipts
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

Outlays

In Constant (FY 1992 Dollars)
Surplus or
Deficit (–)

Receipts

Outlays

Surplus or
Deficit (–)

Addendum:
Composite
Deflator

As Percentages of GDP
Receipts

Outlays

Surplus or
Deficit (–)

....................................
....................................
estimate .....................
estimate .....................
estimate .....................

1,351.8
1,453.1
1,505.4
1,566.8
1,643.3

1,515.7
1,560.3
1,631.0
1,687.5
1,760.7

–163.9
–107.3
–125.6
–120.6
–117.4

1,258.1
1,322.0
1,334.2
1,352.0
1,380.9

1,410.6
1,419.6
1,445.6
1,456.1
1,479.6

–152.5
–97.6
–111.3
–104.1
–98.6

1.0745
1.0991
1.1283
1.1589
1.1900

18.8
19.4
19.2
19.1
19.1

21.1
20.8
20.8
20.5
20.4

–2.3
–1.4
–1.6
–1.5
–1.4

2000 estimate .....................
2001 estimate .....................
2002 estimate .....................

1,727.3
1,808.3
1,896.7

1,814.4
1,844.5
1,879.7

–87.1
–36.1
17.0

1,413.3
1,441.6
1,474.5

1,484.6
1,470.4
1,461.3

–71.3
–28.8
13.2

1.2222
1.2544
1.2863

19.1
19.0
19.0

20.1
19.4
18.9

–1.0
–0.4
0.2

Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

25

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 1.4—RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–) BY FUND GROUP: 1934–2002
(in millions of dollars)

Receipts
Fiscal Year
Total

Federal
Funds

Outlays

Trust
Funds

Interfund
Transactions

Total

Federal
Funds

Surplus or Deficit (–)

Trust
Funds

Interfund
Transactions

Total

Federal
Funds

Trust
Funds

1934 .......................................................................

2,955

2,926

72

–42

6,541

6,558

25

–42

–3,586

–3,633

47

1935
1936
1937
1938
1939

.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................

3,609
3,923
5,387
6,751
6,295

3,578
3,871
4,794
5,477
4,822

76
168
691
1,474
1,657

–45
–116
–99
–201
–184

6,412
8,228
7,580
6,840
9,141

6,427
8,335
7,620
6,689
8,718

30
9
58
351
607

–45
–116
–99
–201
–184

–2,803
–4,304
–2,193
–89
–2,846

–2,849
–4,464
–2,826
–1,212
–3,896

46
159
633
1,124
1,051

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................

6,548
8,712
14,634
24,001
43,747

4,929
6,900
12,336
21,117
40,466

1,845
2,090
2,613
3,279
3,896

–225
–277
–315
–395
–615

9,468
13,653
35,137
78,555
91,304

8,974
13,260
34,831
78,765
92,284

720
671
620
185
–365

–225
–277
–315
–395
–615

–2,920
–4,941
–20,503
–54,554
–47,557

–4,045
–6,360
–22,496
–57,648
–51,818

1,125
1,419
1,992
3,094
4,261

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................

45,159
39,296
38,514
41,560
39,415

41,875
36,357
35,380
37,822
35,849

5,045
5,144
4,885
4,894
4,750

–1,760
–2,205
–1,751
–1,156
–1,184

92,712
55,232
34,496
29,764
38,835

94,846
56,204
34,803
28,988
37,686

–374
1,234
1,444
1,932
2,333

–1,760
–2,205
–1,751
–1,156
–1,184

–47,553
–15,936
4,018
11,796
580

–52,972
–19,847
577
8,834
–1,838

5,419
3,910
3,441
2,962
2,417

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................

39,443
51,616
66,167
69,608
69,701

35,334
46,183
59,989
63,085
62,774

5,823
6,729
7,744
8,080
8,297

–1,715
–1,296
–1,566
–1,557
–1,370

42,562
45,514
67,686
76,101
70,855

38,389
43,732
64,994
73,006
65,924

5,888
3,078
4,257
4,652
6,301

–1,715
–1,296
–1,566
–1,557
–1,370

–3,119
6,102
–1,519
–6,493
–1,154

–3,055
2,451
–5,005
–9,921
–3,151

–65
3,651
3,486
3,427
1,997

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................

65,451
74,587
79,990
79,636
79,249

58,168
65,594
68,847
66,720
65,800

8,627
10,745
13,210
15,082
15,770

–1,344
–1,753
–2,067
–2,166
–2,321

68,444
70,640
76,578
82,405
92,098

62,341
64,281
67,189
69,737
77,071

7,447
8,111
11,456
14,834
17,348

–1,344
–1,753
–2,067
–2,166
–2,321

–2,993
3,947
3,412
–2,769
–12,849

–4,173
1,313
1,657
–3,017
–11,271

1,180
2,634
1,755
248
–1,578

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................

92,492
94,388
99,676
106,560
112,613

75,647
75,175
79,700
84,013
87,511

19,232
22,320
22,981
25,792
28,461

–2,387
–3,107
–3,005
–3,245
–3,358

92,191
97,723
106,821
111,316
118,528

74,856
79,368
86,546
90,643
96,098

19,722
21,462
23,281
23,918
25,788

–2,387
–3,107
–3,005
–3,245
–3,358

301
–3,335
–7,146
–4,756
–5,915

791
–4,193
–6,847
–6,630
–8,588

–490
858
–299
1,874
2,673

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................

116,817
130,835
148,822
152,973
186,882

90,943
101,428
111,835
114,726
143,322

29,202
32,959
42,213
44,011
51,108

–3,328
–3,552
–5,227
–5,764
–7,549

118,228
134,532
157,464
178,134
183,640

94,853
106,590
127,544
143,100
148,192

26,703
31,495
35,147
40,799
42,996

–3,328
–3,552
–5,227
–5,764
–7,549

–1,411
–3,698
–8,643
–25,161
3,242

–3,910
–5,162
–15,709
–28,373
–4,871

2,499
1,464
7,066
3,212
8,112

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................

192,807
187,139
207,309
230,799
263,224

143,159
133,785
148,846
161,357
181,228

58,425
64,937
71,619
90,767
103,789

–8,777
–11,583
–13,156
–21,325
–21,793

195,649
210,172
230,681
245,707
269,359

156,327
163,681
178,144
187,044
201,376

48,099
58,074
65,693
79,988
89,776

–8,777
–11,583
–13,156
–21,325
–21,793

–2,842
–23,033
–23,373
–14,908
–6,135

–13,168
–29,896
–29,299
–25,687
–20,148

10,326
6,863
5,926
10,779
14,013

1975 .......................................................................
1976 .......................................................................
TQ ..........................................................................
1977 .......................................................................
1978 .......................................................................
1979 .......................................................................

279,090
298,060
81,232
355,559
399,561
463,302

187,505
201,099
54,085
241,312
270,490
316,366

117,647
132,509
31,625
151,503
166,468
188,072

–26,061
–35,548
–4,478
–37,256
–37,397
–41,136

332,332
371,792
95,975
409,218
458,746
504,032

248,174
277,242
66,878
304,474
342,372
375,435

110,220
130,099
33,575
142,000
153,771
169,733

–26,061
–35,548
–4,478
–37,256
–37,397
–41,136

–53,242
–73,732
–14,744
–53,659
–59,186
–40,729

–60,669
–76,143
–12,794
–63,162
–71,882
–59,069

7,427
2,410
–1,950
9,502
12,697
18,339

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................

517,112
599,272
617,766
600,562
666,499

350,856
410,422
409,253
382,432
420,412

212,106
240,601
270,138
319,363
338,661

–45,850
–51,751
–61,625
–101,233
–92,574

590,947
678,249
745,755
808,380
851,888

433,494
496,222
543,486
613,331
638,705

203,302
233,778
263,894
296,282
305,757

–45,850
–51,751
–61,625
–101,233
–92,574

–73,835
–78,976
–127,989
–207,818
–185,388

–82,639
–85,799
–134,233
–230,899
–218,293

8,804
6,823
6,244
23,081
32,905

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................

734,165
769,260
854,396
909,303
991,190

460,388
474,170
538,752
561,447
615,322

397,500
423,377
444,203
491,202
535,941

–123,723 946,499
–128,287 990,505
–128,559 1,004,164
–143,346 1,064,489
–160,073 1,143,671

726,871
757,308
761,138
814,358
891,286

343,351
361,484
371,585
393,478
412,458

–123,723
–128,287
–128,559
–143,346
–160,073

–212,334
–221,245
–149,769
–155,187
–152,481

–266,483
–283,138
–222,387
–252,910
–275,964

54,149
61,893
72,618
97,724
123,483

See note at end of table.

26

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 1.4—RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(–) BY FUND GROUP: 1934–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Receipts
Fiscal Year
Total

Outlays

Federal
Funds

Trust
Funds

Interfund
Transactions

Total

Federal
Funds

Surplus or Deficit (–)

Trust
Funds

Interfund
Transactions

Total

Federal
Funds

Trust
Funds

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................

1,031,969
1,055,041
1,091,279
1,154,401
1,258,627

635,838
641,572
656,296
705,457
775,027

566,931
603,913
636,126
671,517
694,017

–170,799
–190,444
–201,142
–222,573
–210,417

1,253,163
1,324,400
1,381,681
1,409,414
1,461,731

977,212
1,022,668
1,042,718
1,060,876
1,073,533

446,750
492,177
540,105
571,110
598,615

–170,799
–190,444
–201,142
–222,573
–210,417

–221,194
–269,359
–290,402
–255,013
–203,104

–341,374
–381,095
–386,423
–355,420
–298,506

120,180
111,736
96,021
100,407
95,402

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

.......................................................................
.......................................................................
estimate ........................................................
estimate ........................................................
estimate ........................................................

1,351,830 838,831
1,453,062 917,134
1,505,425 938,126
1,566,842 973,677
1,643,320 1,028,821

729,029
775,749
816,239
868,272
903,771

–216,030
–239,821
–248,940
–275,107
–289,272

1,515,729
1,560,330
1,631,016
1,687,475
1,760,700

1,102,025
1,139,061
1,180,369
1,228,219
1,284,587

629,734
661,090
699,587
734,363
765,385

–216,030
–239,821
–248,940
–275,107
–289,272

–163,899
–107,268
–125,591
–120,633
–117,380

–263,194
–221,927
–242,243
–254,542
–255,766

99,295
114,659
116,652
133,909
138,386

–303,535 1,814,427 1,319,986
–321,142 1,844,488 1,326,336
–339,824 1,879,717 1,337,429

797,976
839,294
882,112

–303,535
–321,142
–339,824

–87,123
–36,141
16,969

–236,979
–190,347
–145,192

149,856
154,206
162,161

2000 estimate ........................................................ 1,727,304 1,083,007 947,832
2001 estimate ........................................................ 1,808,347 1,135,989 993,500
2002 estimate ........................................................ 1,896,686 1,192,237 1,044,273

Note: Receipts and outlays have been adjusted in this table by including interfund offsetting receipts of federal funds and trust funds in each fund’s receipt totals and excluding
them from the outlay totals.

27

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.1—RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934–2002
(in millions of dollars)

Fiscal Year

Individual Income Taxes

Corporation
Income
Taxes 1

1934 ....................................

Social Insurance Taxes and Contributions 2
Total

(On-Budget)

(Off-Budget)

Excise
Taxes 2

Total Receipts
Other 3
Total

(On-Budget)

(Off-Budget)

420

364

30

(30) .......................

1,354

788

2,955

(2,955) .......................

1935
1936
1937
1938
1939

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

527
674
1,092
1,286
1,029

529
719
1,038
1,287
1,127

31
52
580
1,541
1,593

(31) .......................
(52) .......................
(315)
(265)
(1,154)
(387)
(1,090)
(503)

1,439
1,631
1,876
1,863
1,871

1,084
847
801
773
675

3,609
3,923
5,387
6,751
6,295

(3,609) .......................
(3,923) .......................
(5,122)
(265)
(6,364)
(387)
(5,792)
(503)

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

892
1,314
3,263
6,505
19,705

1,197
2,124
4,719
9,557
14,838

1,785
1,940
2,452
3,044
3,473

(1,235)
(1,252)
(1,557)
(1,913)
(2,181)

(550)
(688)
(896)
(1,130)
(1,292)

1,977
2,552
3,399
4,096
4,759

698
781
801
800
972

6,548
8,712
14,634
24,001
43,747

(5,998)
(8,024)
(13,738)
(22,871)
(42,455)

(550)
(688)
(896)
(1,130)
(1,292)

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

18,372
16,098
17,935
19,315
15,552

15,988
11,883
8,615
9,678
11,192

3,451
3,115
3,422
3,751
3,781

(2,141)
(1,877)
(1,963)
(2,134)
(2,091)

(1,310)
(1,238)
(1,459)
(1,616)
(1,690)

6,265
6,998
7,211
7,356
7,502

1,083
1,202
1,331
1,461
1,388

45,159
39,296
38,514
41,560
39,415

(43,849)
(38,057)
(37,055)
(39,944)
(37,724)

(1,310)
(1,238)
(1,459)
(1,616)
(1,690)

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

15,755
21,616
27,934
29,816
29,542

10,449
14,101
21,226
21,238
21,101

4,338
5,674
6,445
6,820
7,208

(2,232)
(2,554)
(2,851)
(2,723)
(2,619)

(2,106)
(3,120)
(3,594)
(4,097)
(4,589)

7,550
8,648
8,852
9,877
9,945

1,351
1,578
1,710
1,857
1,905

39,443
51,616
66,167
69,608
69,701

(37,336)
(48,496)
(62,573)
(65,511)
(65,112)

(2,106)
(3,120)
(3,594)
(4,097)
(4,589)

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

28,747
32,188
35,620
34,724
36,719

17,861
20,880
21,167
20,074
17,309

7,862
9,320
9,997
11,239
11,722

(2,781)
(2,896)
(3,208)
(3,190)
(3,427)

(5,081)
(6,425)
(6,789)
(8,049)
(8,296)

9,131
9,929
10,534
10,638
10,578

1,850
2,270
2,672
2,961
2,921

65,451
74,587
79,990
79,636
79,249

(60,370)
(68,162)
(73,201)
(71,587)
(70,953)

(5,081)
(6,425)
(6,789)
(8,049)
(8,296)

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

40,715
41,338
45,571
47,588
48,697

21,494
20,954
20,523
21,579
23,493

14,683
16,439
17,046
19,804
21,963

(4,042)
(4,331)
(4,776)
(5,629)
(5,597)

(10,641)
(12,109)
(12,271)
(14,175)
(16,366)

11,676
11,860
12,534
13,194
13,731

3,923
3,796
4,001
4,395
4,731

92,492
94,388
99,676
106,560
112,613

(81,851)
(82,279)
(87,405)
(92,385)
(96,248)

(10,641)
(12,109)
(12,271)
(14,175)
(16,366)

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

48,792
55,446
61,526
68,726
87,249

25,461
30,073
33,971
28,665
36,678

22,242
25,546
32,619
33,923
39,015

(5,519)
(6,460)
(8,217)
(9,007)
(10,062)

(16,723)
(19,085)
(24,401)
(24,917)
(28,953)

14,570
13,062
13,719
14,079
15,222

5,753
6,708
6,987
7,580
8,718

116,817
130,835
148,822
152,973
186,882

(100,094)
(111,749)
(124,420)
(128,056)
(157,928)

(16,723)
(19,085)
(24,401)
(24,917)
(28,953)

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

90,412
86,230
94,737
103,246
118,952

32,829
26,785
32,166
36,153
38,620

44,362
47,325
52,574
63,115
75,071

(10,903)
(11,481)
(12,667)
(17,031)
(21,146)

(33,459)
(35,845)
(39,907)
(46,084)
(53,925)

15,705
16,614
15,477
16,260
16,844

9,499
10,185
12,355
12,026
13,737

192,807
187,139
207,309
230,799
263,224

(159,348)
(151,294)
(167,402)
(184,715)
(209,299)

(33,459)
(35,845)
(39,907)
(46,084)
(53,925)

1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
TQ .......................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................

122,386
131,603
38,801
157,626
180,988
217,841

40,621
41,409
8,460
54,892
59,952
65,677

84,534
90,769
25,219
106,485
120,967
138,939

(22,077)
(24,381)
(7,203)
(29,668)
(35,576)
(40,945)

(62,458)
(66,389)
(18,016)
(76,817)
(85,391)
(97,994)

16,551
16,963
4,473
17,548
18,376
18,745

14,998
17,317
4,279
19,008
19,278
22,101

279,090
298,060
81,232
355,559
399,561
463,302

(216,633)
(231,671)
(63,216)
(278,741)
(314,169)
(365,309)

(62,458)
(66,389)
(18,016)
(76,817)
(85,391)
(97,994)

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

244,069
285,917
297,744
288,938
298,415

64,600
61,137
49,207
37,022
56,893

157,803
182,720
201,498
208,994
239,376

(44,594)
(52,545)
(58,031)
(61,674)
(73,301)

(113,209)
(130,176)
(143,467)
(147,320)
(166,075)

24,329
40,839
36,311
35,300
37,361

26,311
28,659
33,006
30,309
34,454

517,112
599,272
617,766
600,562
666,499

(403,903)
(469,097)
(474,299)
(453,242)
(500,424)

(113,209)
(130,176)
(143,467)
(147,320)
(166,075)

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

334,531
348,959
392,557
401,181
445,690

61,331
63,143
83,926
94,508
103,291

265,163
283,901
303,318
334,335
359,416

(78,992)
(83,673)
(89,916)
(92,845)
(95,751)

(186,171)
(200,228)
(213,402)
(241,491)
(263,666)

35,992
32,919
32,457
35,227
34,386

37,148
40,337
42,137
44,051
48,407

734,165
769,260
854,396
909,303
991,190

(547,994)
(569,031)
(640,994)
(667,812)
(727,525)

(186,171)
(200,228)
(213,402)
(241,491)
(263,666)

See footnotes at end of table.

28

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.1—RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Fiscal Year

Individual Income Taxes

Corporation
Income
Taxes 1

Social Insurance Taxes and Contributions 2
Total

(On-Budget)

(Off-Budget)

Excise
Taxes 2

Total Receipts
Other 3
Total

(On-Budget)

(Off-Budget)

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

466,884
467,827
475,964
509,680
543,055

93,507
98,086
100,270
117,520
140,385

380,047
396,016
413,689
428,300
461,475

(98,392)
(102,131)
(111,263)
(116,366)
(126,450)

(281,656)
(293,885)
(302,426)
(311,934)
(335,026)

35,345
42,402
45,569
48,057
55,225

56,186
50,710
55,787
50,844
58,487

1,031,969
1,055,041
1,091,279
1,154,401
1,258,627

(750,314)
(761,157)
(788,853)
(842,467)
(923,601)

(281,656)
(293,885)
(302,426)
(311,934)
(335,026)

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

....................................
....................................
estimate .....................
estimate .....................
estimate .....................

590,244
656,417
672,683
691,199
721,554

157,004
171,824
176,199
189,662
199,555

484,473
509,414
535,766
557,783
585,229

(133,394)
(141,922)
(146,863)
(152,839)
(160,033)

(351,079)
(367,492)
(388,903)
(404,944)
(425,196)

57,484
54,014
57,247
61,239
64,496

62,625
61,393
63,530
66,959
72,486

1,351,830
1,453,062
1,505,425
1,566,842
1,643,320

(1,000,751)
(1,085,570)
(1,116,522)
(1,161,898)
(1,218,124)

(351,079)
(367,492)
(388,903)
(404,944)
(425,196)

2000 estimate .....................
2001 estimate .....................
2002 estimate .....................

755,558
795,223
839,850

212,046
220,521
227,844

614,395
642,161
673,075

(167,499)
(174,544)
(183,210)

(446,896)
(467,617)
(489,865)

64,934
66,194
67,363

80,371
84,248
88,554

1,727,304
1,808,347
1,896,686

(1,280,408)
(1,340,730)
(1,406,821)

(446,896)
(467,617)
(489,865)

1 Beginning in 1987, includes trust fund receipts for the hazardous substance superfund. The trust fund amounts are as follows (in millions of dollars): 1987: 196; 1988: 313;
1989: 292; 1990: 461; 1991: 591; 1992: 380; 1993: 886; 1994: 653; 1995: 612; 1996: 323; 1997: 4; 1998: 1,369; 1999: 915; 2000: 959; 2001: 981; 2002: 1,004. In 1989 and
1990, includes trust fund receipts for the supplementary medical insurance trust fund. The trust fund amounts are (in millions of dollars): 527 in 1989 and –527 in 1990.
2 See Table 2.4 for additional details.
3 See Table 2.5 for additional details.

29

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.2—PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934–2002
Fiscal Year

Individual
Corporation Social Insurance Taxes and Contributions
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Total
(On-Budget) (Off-Budget)

Total Receipts

Excise
Taxes

Other
Total

(On-Budget)

(Off-Budget)

1934 ....................................

14.2

12.3

1.0

(1.0) .......................

45.8

26.7

100.0

(100.0) .......................

1935
1936
1937
1938
1939

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

14.6
17.2
20.3
19.1
16.3

14.7
18.3
19.3
19.1
17.9

0.9
1.3
10.8
22.8
25.3

(0.9) .......................
(1.3) .......................
(5.9)
(4.9)
(17.1)
(5.7)
(17.3)
(8.0)

39.9
41.6
34.8
27.6
29.7

30.0
21.6
14.9
11.5
10.7

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

(100.0) .......................
(100.0) .......................
(95.1)
(4.9)
(94.3)
(5.7)
(92.0)
(8.0)

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

13.6
15.1
22.3
27.1
45.0

18.3
24.4
32.2
39.8
33.9

27.3
22.3
16.8
12.7
7.9

(18.9)
(14.4)
(10.6)
(8.0)
(5.0)

(8.4)
(7.9)
(6.1)
(4.7)
(3.0)

30.2
29.3
23.2
17.1
10.9

10.7
9.0
5.5
3.3
2.2

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

(91.6)
(92.1)
(93.9)
(95.3)
(97.0)

(8.4)
(7.9)
(6.1)
(4.7)
(3.0)

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

40.7
41.0
46.6
46.5
39.5

35.4
30.2
22.4
23.3
28.4

7.6
7.9
8.9
9.0
9.6

(4.7)
(4.8)
(5.1)
(5.1)
(5.3)

(2.9)
(3.2)
(3.8)
(3.9)
(4.3)

13.9
17.8
18.7
17.7
19.0

2.4
3.1
3.5
3.5
3.5

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

(97.1)
(96.8)
(96.2)
(96.1)
(95.7)

(2.9)
(3.2)
(3.8)
(3.9)
(4.3)

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

39.9
41.9
42.2
42.8
42.4

26.5
27.3
32.1
30.5
30.3

11.0
11.0
9.7
9.8
10.3

(5.7)
(4.9)
(4.3)
(3.9)
(3.8)

(5.3)
(6.0)
(5.4)
(5.9)
(6.6)

19.1
16.8
13.4
14.2
14.3

3.4
3.1
2.6
2.7
2.7

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

(94.7)
(94.0)
(94.6)
(94.1)
(93.4)

(5.3)
(6.0)
(5.4)
(5.9)
(6.6)

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

43.9
43.2
44.5
43.6
46.3

27.3
28.0
26.5
25.2
21.8

12.0
12.5
12.5
14.1
14.8

(4.2)
(3.9)
(4.0)
(4.0)
(4.3)

(7.8)
(8.6)
(8.5)
(10.1)
(10.5)

14.0
13.3
13.2
13.4
13.3

2.8
3.0
3.3
3.7
3.7

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

(92.2)
(91.4)
(91.5)
(89.9)
(89.5)

(7.8)
(8.6)
(8.5)
(10.1)
(10.5)

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

44.0
43.8
45.7
44.7
43.2

23.2
22.2
20.6
20.3
20.9

15.9
17.4
17.1
18.6
19.5

(4.4)
(4.6)
(4.8)
(5.3)
(5.0)

(11.5)
(12.8)
(12.3)
(13.3)
(14.5)

12.6
12.6
12.6
12.4
12.2

4.2
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.2

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

(88.5)
(87.2)
(87.7)
(86.7)
(85.5)

(11.5)
(12.8)
(12.3)
(13.3)
(14.5)

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

41.8
42.4
41.3
44.9
46.7

21.8
23.0
22.8
18.7
19.6

19.0
19.5
21.9
22.2
20.9

(4.7)
(4.9)
(5.5)
(5.9)
(5.4)

(14.3)
(14.6)
(16.4)
(16.3)
(15.5)

12.5
10.0
9.2
9.2
8.1

4.9
5.1
4.7
5.0
4.7

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

(85.7)
(85.4)
(83.6)
(83.7)
(84.5)

(14.3)
(14.6)
(16.4)
(16.3)
(15.5)

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

46.9
46.1
45.7
44.7
45.2

17.0
14.3
15.5
15.7
14.7

23.0
25.3
25.4
27.3
28.5

(5.7)
(6.1)
(6.1)
(7.4)
(8.0)

(17.4)
(19.2)
(19.2)
(20.0)
(20.5)

8.1
8.9
7.5
7.0
6.4

4.9
5.4
6.0
5.2
5.2

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

(82.6)
(80.8)
(80.7)
(80.0)
(79.5)

(17.4)
(19.2)
(19.2)
(20.0)
(20.5)

1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
TQ .......................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................

43.9
44.2
47.8
44.3
45.3
47.0

14.6
13.9
10.4
15.4
15.0
14.2

30.3
30.5
31.0
29.9
30.3
30.0

(7.9)
(8.2)
(8.9)
(8.3)
(8.9)
(8.8)

(22.4)
(22.3)
(22.2)
(21.6)
(21.4)
(21.2)

5.9
5.7
5.5
4.9
4.6
4.0

5.4
5.8
5.3
5.3
4.8
4.8

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

(77.6)
(77.7)
(77.8)
(78.4)
(78.6)
(78.8)

(22.4)
(22.3)
(22.2)
(21.6)
(21.4)
(21.2)

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

47.2
47.7
48.2
48.1
44.8

12.5
10.2
8.0
6.2
8.5

30.5
30.5
32.6
34.8
35.9

(8.6)
(8.8)
(9.4)
(10.3)
(11.0)

(21.9)
(21.7)
(23.2)
(24.5)
(24.9)

4.7
6.8
5.9
5.9
5.6

5.1
4.8
5.3
5.0
5.2

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

(78.1)
(78.3)
(76.8)
(75.5)
(75.1)

(21.9)
(21.7)
(23.2)
(24.5)
(24.9)

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

45.6
45.4
45.9
44.1
45.0

8.4
8.2
9.8
10.4
10.4

36.1
36.9
35.5
36.8
36.3

(10.8)
(10.9)
(10.5)
(10.2)
(9.7)

(25.4)
(26.0)
(25.0)
(26.6)
(26.6)

4.9
4.3
3.8
3.9
3.5

5.1
5.2
4.9
4.8
4.9

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

(74.6)
(74.0)
(75.0)
(73.4)
(73.4)

(25.4)
(26.0)
(25.0)
(26.6)
(26.6)

30

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.2—PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF RECEIPTS BY SOURCE: 1934–2002—Continued
Fiscal Year

Individual
Corporation Social Insurance Taxes and Contributions
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Total
(On-Budget) (Off-Budget)

Total Receipts

Excise
Taxes

Other
Total

(On-Budget)

(Off-Budget)

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

45.2
44.3
43.6
44.2
43.1

9.1
9.3
9.2
10.2
11.2

36.8
37.5
37.9
37.1
36.7

(9.5)
(9.7)
(10.2)
(10.1)
(10.0)

(27.3)
(27.9)
(27.7)
(27.0)
(26.6)

3.4
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.4

5.4
4.8
5.1
4.4
4.6

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

(72.7)
(72.1)
(72.3)
(73.0)
(73.4)

(27.3)
(27.9)
(27.7)
(27.0)
(26.6)

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

....................................
....................................
estimate .....................
estimate .....................
estimate .....................

43.7
45.2
44.7
44.1
43.9

11.6
11.8
11.7
12.1
12.1

35.8
35.1
35.6
35.6
35.6

(9.9)
(9.8)
(9.8)
(9.8)
(9.7)

(26.0)
(25.3)
(25.8)
(25.8)
(25.9)

4.3
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.9

4.6
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.4

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

(74.0)
(74.7)
(74.2)
(74.2)
(74.1)

(26.0)
(25.3)
(25.8)
(25.8)
(25.9)

2000 estimate .....................
2001 estimate .....................
2002 estimate .....................

43.7
44.0
44.3

12.3
12.2
12.0

35.6
35.5
35.5

(9.7)
(9.7)
(9.7)

(25.9)
(25.9)
(25.8)

3.8
3.7
3.6

4.7
4.7
4.7

100.0
100.0
100.0

(74.1)
(74.1)
(74.2)

(25.9)
(25.9)
(25.8)

31

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.3—RECEIPTS BY SOURCE AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1934–2002
Fiscal Year

Individual
Corporation Social Insurance Taxes and Contributions
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Total
(On-Budget) (Off-Budget)

Total Receipts

Excise
Taxes

Other
Total

(On-Budget)

(Off-Budget)

1934 ....................................

0.7

0.6

*

(*) .......................

2.2

1.3

4.8

(4.8) .......................

1935
1936
1937
1938
1939

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

0.7
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.1

0.8
0.9
1.2
1.4
1.3

*
0.1
0.7
1.7
1.8

(*) .......................
(0.1) .......................
(0.4)
(0.3)
(1.3)
(0.4)
(1.2)
(0.6)

2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1

1.5
1.1
0.9
0.9
0.7

5.1
4.9
6.1
7.5
7.0

(5.1) .......................
(4.9) .......................
(5.8)
(0.3)
(7.1)
(0.4)
(6.4)
(0.6)

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

0.9
1.1
2.2
3.6
9.5

1.2
1.8
3.2
5.3
7.2

1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7

(1.3)
(1.1)
(1.1)
(1.1)
(1.1)

(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)

2.0
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3

0.7
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.5

6.7
7.5
10.1
13.3
21.2

(6.1)
(7.0)
(9.5)
(12.7)
(20.5)

(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

8.5
7.4
7.8
7.6
5.8

7.4
5.5
3.8
3.8
4.2

1.6
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.4

(1.0)
(0.9)
(0.9)
(0.8)
(0.8)

(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)

2.9
3.2
3.2
2.9
2.8

0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5

20.8
18.0
16.9
16.4
14.6

(20.2)
(17.5)
(16.2)
(15.8)
(14.0)

(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)
(0.6)

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

5.8
6.7
8.0
8.0
7.8

3.8
4.4
6.1
5.7
5.6

1.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9

(0.8)
(0.8)
(0.8)
(0.7)
(0.7)

(0.8)
(1.0)
(1.0)
(1.1)
(1.2)

2.8
2.7
2.5
2.7
2.6

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

14.5
16.1
18.9
18.7
18.5

(13.7)
(15.1)
(17.9)
(17.6)
(17.3)

(0.8)
(1.0)
(1.0)
(1.1)
(1.2)

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

7.3
7.5
7.9
7.6
7.5

4.5
4.9
4.7
4.4
3.5

2.0
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.4

(0.7)
(0.7)
(0.7)
(0.7)
(0.7)

(1.3)
(1.5)
(1.5)
(1.8)
(1.7)

2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2

0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6

16.5
17.5
17.8
17.4
16.2

(15.3)
(16.0)
(16.3)
(15.6)
(14.5)

(1.3)
(1.5)
(1.5)
(1.8)
(1.7)

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

7.9
7.8
8.0
7.9
7.6

4.1
4.0
3.6
3.6
3.7

2.8
3.1
3.0
3.3
3.4

(0.8)
(0.8)
(0.8)
(0.9)
(0.9)

(2.1)
(2.3)
(2.2)
(2.4)
(2.6)

2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.1

0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

17.8
17.8
17.6
17.8
17.6

(15.8)
(15.5)
(15.4)
(15.4)
(15.0)

(2.1)
(2.3)
(2.2)
(2.4)
(2.6)

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

7.1
7.4
7.6
7.9
9.2

3.7
4.0
4.2
3.3
3.9

3.2
3.4
4.0
3.9
4.1

(0.8)
(0.9)
(1.0)
(1.0)
(1.1)

(2.4)
(2.5)
(3.0)
(2.9)
(3.1)

2.1
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6

0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9

17.0
17.4
18.3
17.6
19.7

(14.6)
(14.8)
(15.3)
(14.8)
(16.7)

(2.4)
(2.5)
(3.0)
(2.9)
(3.1)

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

9.0
8.0
8.0
7.9
8.3

3.3
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.7

4.4
4.4
4.5
4.8
5.2

(1.1)
(1.1)
(1.1)
(1.3)
(1.5)

(3.3)
(3.3)
(3.4)
(3.5)
(3.7)

1.6
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.2

0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.0

19.1
17.4
17.6
17.7
18.3

(15.8)
(14.0)
(14.2)
(14.1)
(14.6)

(3.3)
(3.3)
(3.4)
(3.5)
(3.7)

1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
TQ .......................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................

7.9
7.6
8.5
8.0
8.2
8.7

2.6
2.4
1.9
2.8
2.7
2.6

5.4
5.2
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.6

(1.4)
(1.4)
(1.6)
(1.5)
(1.6)
(1.6)

(4.0)
(3.8)
(4.0)
(3.9)
(3.9)
(3.9)

1.1
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8

1.0
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9

18.0
17.2
17.9
18.0
18.1
18.6

(13.9)
(13.4)
(13.9)
(14.1)
(14.2)
(14.6)

(4.0)
(3.8)
(4.0)
(3.9)
(3.9)
(3.9)

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

9.0
9.4
9.3
8.4
7.8

2.4
2.0
1.5
1.1
1.5

5.8
6.0
6.3
6.1
6.3

(1.6)
(1.7)
(1.8)
(1.8)
(1.9)

(4.2)
(4.3)
(4.5)
(4.3)
(4.4)

0.9
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.0

1.0
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9

19.0
19.7
19.2
17.6
17.5

(14.9)
(15.4)
(14.8)
(13.2)
(13.1)

(4.2)
(4.3)
(4.5)
(4.3)
(4.4)

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

8.2
8.0
8.5
8.1
8.3

1.5
1.4
1.8
1.9
1.9

6.5
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.7

(1.9)
(1.9)
(2.0)
(1.9)
(1.8)

(4.5)
(4.6)
(4.6)
(4.9)
(4.9)

0.9
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9

17.9
17.6
18.6
18.4
18.5

(13.4)
(13.0)
(13.9)
(13.5)
(13.6)

(4.5)
(4.6)
(4.6)
(4.9)
(4.9)

* 0.05 percent or less.
Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

32

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.3—RECEIPTS BY SOURCE AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1934–2002—Continued
Fiscal Year

Individual
Corporation Social Insurance Taxes and Contributions
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Total
(On-Budget) (Off-Budget)

Total Receipts

Excise
Taxes

Other
Total

(On-Budget)

(Off-Budget)

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

8.2
8.0
7.7
7.9
8.0

1.6
1.7
1.6
1.8
2.1

6.7
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.8

(1.7)
(1.7)
(1.8)
(1.8)
(1.9)

(5.0)
(5.0)
(4.9)
(4.8)
(4.9)

0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8

1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.9

18.2
18.0
17.8
17.8
18.4

(13.2)
(13.0)
(12.8)
(13.0)
(13.5)

(5.0)
(5.0)
(4.9)
(4.8)
(4.9)

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

....................................
....................................
estimate .....................
estimate .....................
estimate .....................

8.2
8.8
8.6
8.4
8.4

2.2
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.3

6.7
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8

(1.9)
(1.9)
(1.9)
(1.9)
(1.9)

(4.9)
(4.9)
(5.0)
(4.9)
(4.9)

0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8

18.8
19.4
19.2
19.1
19.1

(13.9)
(14.5)
(14.2)
(14.1)
(14.1)

(4.9)
(4.9)
(5.0)
(4.9)
(4.9)

2000 estimate .....................
2001 estimate .....................
2002 estimate .....................

8.4
8.4
8.4

2.3
2.3
2.3

6.8
6.8
6.8

(1.9)
(1.8)
(1.8)

(4.9)
(4.9)
(4.9)

0.7
0.7
0.7

0.9
0.9
0.9

19.1
19.0
19.0

(14.2)
(14.1)
(14.1)

(4.9)
(4.9)
(4.9)

Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

33

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE TAXES AND CONTRIBUTIONS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2002
(in millions of dollars)

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

Social Insurance
Employment taxes and contributions:
Old-age and survivors insurance:
Federal funds ............................................................................
Trust funds (Off-Budget) ..........................................................
Railroad retirement/pension fund:
Federal funds ............................................................................
Trust funds ................................................................................

54
550

2
688

–1
896

–1
1,130

–2
1,292

–3
1,310

–3
1,238

–5
1,459

–5
1,616

–8
1,690

1
120

23
114

29
141

–6
215

4
263

–24
309

–10
292

82
298

–201
758

–11
574

Total 1 ...................................................................................

725

827

1,064

1,338

1,557

1,592

1,517

1,835

2,168

2,246

Unemployment insurance:
Federal funds ................................................................................
Trust funds ....................................................................................

111
904

103
953

126
1,172

167
1,310

190
1,454

194
1,375

190
1,126

196
1,133

206
1,138

220
985

Total ......................................................................................

1,015

1,056

1,299

1,477

1,644

1,568

1,316

1,329

1,343

1,205

Other retirement contributions:
Employees retirement—employee contributions ..........................
Contributions for non-Federal employees ....................................

44
1

56
1

88
1

227
2

270
2

289
2

280
2

256
3

236
3

326
4

Total ......................................................................................

45

57

89

229

272

291

282

259

239

330

Total social insurance taxes and contributions 1 ................

1,785

1,940

2,452

3,044

3,473

3,451

3,115

3,422

3,751

3,781

Excise Taxes
Federal funds:
Alcohol ...........................................................................................
Tobacco .........................................................................................
Other .............................................................................................

623
606
748

818
691
1,043

1,046
779
1,573

1,422
913
1,760

1,604
986
2,169

2,275
929
3,061

2,490
1,156
3,352

2,429
1,231
3,551

2,217
1,297
3,842

2,168
1,319
4,015

Total ......................................................................................

1,977

2,552

3,399

4,096

4,759

6,265

6,998

7,211

7,356

7,502

Total excise taxes ................................................................

1,977

2,552

3,399

4,096

4,759

6,265

6,998

7,211

7,356

7,502

See footnotes at end of table.

34

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE TAXES AND CONTRIBUTIONS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

Social Insurance
Employment taxes and contributions:
Old-age and survivors insurance:
Federal funds ..............................................................................................
Trust funds (Off-Budget) .............................................................................
Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ....................................................................
Railroad retirement/pension fund:
Federal funds ..............................................................................................
Trust funds ..................................................................................................

–8
2,106
..............

–10
3,120
..............

–14
3,594
..............

..............
4,097
..............

..............
4,589
..............

300
5,081
..............

..............
6,425
..............

..............
6,457
332

..............
7,138
911

–*
550

3
575

*
735

*
625

–*
603

*
600

*
634

..............
616

..............
575

Total 1 ......................................................................................................

2,648

3,688

4,315

4,722

5,192

5,981

7,059

7,405

8,624

Unemployment insurance:
Federal funds ...................................................................................................
Trust funds .......................................................................................................

224
1,108

231
1,378

257
1,455

274
1,401

283
1,278

278
1,172

322
1,368

328
1,623

333
1,601

Total ........................................................................................................

1,332

1,609

1,712

1,675

1,561

1,449

1,690

1,950

1,933

Other retirement contributions:
Employees retirement—employee contributions .............................................
Contributions for non-Federal employees .......................................................

354
4

373
4

413
5

418
5

450
5

426
6

566
5

636
5

673
9

Total ........................................................................................................

358

377

418

423

455

431

571

642

682

Total social insurance taxes and contributions 1 ...................................

4,338

5,674

6,445

6,820

7,208

7,862

9,320

9,997

11,239

Excise Taxes
Federal funds:
Alcohol .............................................................................................................
Tobacco ...........................................................................................................
Other ................................................................................................................

2,180
1,326
4,044

2,508
1,378
4,761

2,515
1,562
4,775

2,723
1,652
5,501

2,738
1,578
5,630

2,689
1,568
4,874

2,866
1,607
5,455

2,915
1,669
4,472

2,882
1,728
4,002

Total ........................................................................................................

7,550

8,648

8,852

9,877

9,945

9,131

9,929

9,055

8,612

Trust funds:
Highway ...........................................................................................................

..............

..............

..............

..............

..............

..............

..............

1,479

2,026

Total ........................................................................................................

..............

..............

..............

..............

..............

..............

..............

1,479

2,026

Total excise taxes ...................................................................................

7,550

8,648

8,852

9,877

9,945

9,131

9,929

10,534

10,638

See footnotes at end of table.

35

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE TAXES AND CONTRIBUTIONS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

Social Insurance
Employment taxes and contributions:
Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ...............................................
Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ....................................................................
Hospital insurance ...........................................................................................
Railroad retirement/pension fund ....................................................................

7,418
878
..............
525

9,671
970
..............
607

11,104
1,005
..............
571

11,267
1,004
..............
564

13,117
1,058
..............
572

15,242
1,124
..............
593

15,567
1,156
..............
636

17,556
1,530
893
683

22,197
2,204
2,645
776

Total 1 ......................................................................................................

8,821

11,248

12,679

12,835

14,746

16,959

17,358

20,662

27,823

Unemployment insurance:
Federal funds ...................................................................................................
Trust funds .......................................................................................................

321
1,810

339
2,329

..............
2,903

..............
3,337

..............
4,112

..............
3,997

..............
3,803

..............
3,755

..............
3,575

Total ........................................................................................................

2,131

2,667

2,903

3,337

4,112

3,997

3,803

3,755

3,575

Other retirement contributions:
Employees retirement—employee contributions .............................................
Contributions for non-Federal employees .......................................................

760
10

758
10

845
12

863
12

933
13

992
15

1,064
16

1,111
18

1,202
19

Total ........................................................................................................

770

768

857

875

946

1,007

1,081

1,129

1,221

Total social insurance taxes and contributions 1 ...................................

11,722

14,683

16,439

17,046

19,804

21,963

22,242

25,546

32,619

Excise Taxes
Federal funds:
Alcohol .............................................................................................................
Tobacco ...........................................................................................................
Other ................................................................................................................

2,938
1,798
3,767

3,127
1,927
4,084

3,146
1,986
3,931

3,268
2,022
4,295

3,366
2,075
4,474

3,499
2,048
4,664

3,689
2,142
5,081

3,720
2,066
3,358

3,980
2,077
3,221

Total ........................................................................................................

8,504

9,137

9,063

9,585

9,915

10,211

10,911

9,145

9,278

Trust funds:
Highway ...........................................................................................................

2,074

2,539

2,798

2,949

3,279

3,519

3,659

3,917

4,441

Total ........................................................................................................

2,074

2,539

2,798

2,949

3,279

3,519

3,659

3,917

4,441

Total excise taxes ...................................................................................

10,578

11,676

11,860

12,534

13,194

13,731

14,570

13,062

13,719

See footnotes at end of table.

36

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE TAXES AND CONTRIBUTIONS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

Social Insurance
Employment taxes and contributions:
Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ...............................................
Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ....................................................................
Hospital insurance ...........................................................................................
Railroad retirement/pension fund ....................................................................

22,265
2,651
3,493
814

25,484
3,469
4,398
885

29,396
4,063
4,755
919

31,354
4,490
4,874
980

35,132
4,775
5,205
1,008

40,703
5,381
7,603
1,189

47,778
6,147
10,551
1,411

55,207
7,250
11,252
1,489

58,703
7,686
11,987
1,525

Total 1 ......................................................................................................

29,224

34,236

39,133

41,699

46,120

54,876

65,888

75,199

79,901

Unemployment insurance:
Trust funds .......................................................................................................

3,346

3,328

3,464

3,674

4,357

6,051

6,837

6,771

8,054

Total ........................................................................................................

3,346

3,328

3,464

3,674

4,357

6,051

6,837

6,771

8,054

Other retirement contributions:
Employees retirement—employee contributions .............................................
Contributions for non-Federal employees .......................................................

1,334
20

1,426
24

1,735
29

1,916
37

2,058
39

2,146
41

2,302
45

2,513
52

2,760
54

Total ........................................................................................................

1,354

1,451

1,765

1,952

2,097

2,187

2,347

2,565

2,814

Total social insurance taxes and contributions 1 ...................................

33,923

39,015

44,362

47,325

52,574

63,115

75,071

84,534

90,769

Excise Taxes
Federal funds:
Alcohol .............................................................................................................
Tobacco ...........................................................................................................
Other ................................................................................................................

4,189
2,121
3,391

4,447
2,136
4,002

4,646
2,093
3,613

4,696
2,205
3,609

5,004
2,205
2,297

5,040
2,274
2,522

5,248
2,435
2,060

5,238
2,312
1,850

5,318
2,484
2,810

Total ........................................................................................................

9,700

10,585

10,352

10,510

9,506

9,836

9,743

9,400

10,612

Trust funds:
Highway ...........................................................................................................
Airport and airway ...........................................................................................

4,379
..............

4,637
..............

5,354
..............

5,542
563

5,322
649

5,665
758

6,260
840

6,188
962

5,413
938

Total ........................................................................................................

4,379

4,637

5,354

6,104

5,971

6,424

7,100

7,151

6,351

Total excise taxes ...................................................................................

14,079

15,222

15,705

16,614

15,477

16,260

16,844

16,551

16,963

See footnotes at end of table.

37

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE TAXES AND CONTRIBUTIONS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

TQ

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

Social Insurance
Employment taxes and contributions:
Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ...............................................
Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ....................................................................
Hospital insurance ...........................................................................................
Railroad retirement/pension fund ....................................................................

15,886
2,130
3,457
328

68,032
8,786
13,474
1,908

73,141
12,250
16,668
1,822

83,410
14,584
19,874
2,190

96,581
16,628
23,217
2,323

117,757
12,418
30,340
2,457

122,840
20,626
34,301
2,917

128,972
18,348
35,641
2,805

150,312
15,763
40,262
3,321

Total 1 ......................................................................................................

21,801

92,199

103,881

120,058

138,748

162,973

180,686

185,766

209,658

Unemployment insurance:
Trust funds .......................................................................................................

2,698

11,312

13,850

15,387

15,336

15,763

16,600

18,799

25,138

Total ........................................................................................................

2,698

11,312

13,850

15,387

15,336

15,763

16,600

18,799

25,138

Other retirement contributions:
Employees retirement—employee contributions .............................................
Contributions for non-Federal employees .......................................................

707
13

2,915
59

3,174
62

3,428
66

3,660
59

3,908
76

4,140
72

4,351
78

4,494
86

Total ........................................................................................................

720

2,974

3,237

3,494

3,719

3,984

4,212

4,429

4,580

Total social insurance taxes and contributions 1 ...................................

25,219

106,485

120,967

138,939

157,803

182,720

201,498

208,994

239,376

Excise Taxes
Federal funds:
Alcohol .............................................................................................................
Tobacco ...........................................................................................................
Crude oil windfall profit ...................................................................................
Telephone ........................................................................................................
Other ................................................................................................................

1,279
622
..............
..............
619

5,295
2,393
..............
..............
1,960

5,492
2,444
..............
..............
2,118

5,531
2,492
..............
..............
1,785

5,601
2,443
6,934
..............
585

5,606
2,581
23,252
..............
2,689

5,382
2,537
18,407
..............
2,344

5,557
4,136
12,135
..............
2,258

5,315
4,660
8,906
2,035
1,363

Total ........................................................................................................

2,520

9,648

10,054

9,808

15,563

34,128

28,670

24,086

22,279

Trust funds:
Highway ...........................................................................................................
Airport and airway ...........................................................................................
Black lung disability .........................................................................................
Inland waterway ...............................................................................................
Hazardous substance superfund ....................................................................
Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) .........................................................
Aquatic resources ............................................................................................

1,676
277
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............

6,709
1,191
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............

6,904
1,326
92
..............
..............
..............
..............

7,189
1,526
222
..............
..............
..............
..............

6,620
1,874
272
..............
..............
..............
..............

6,305
21
237
20
128
..............
..............

6,744
133
491
30
244
..............
..............

8,297
2,165
494
29
230
..............
..............

11,743
2,499
518
39
261
9
12

Total ........................................................................................................

1,953

7,900

8,323

8,937

8,766

6,711

7,641

11,214

15,082

Total excise taxes ...................................................................................

4,473

17,548

18,376

18,745

24,329

40,839

36,311

35,300

37,361

See footnotes at end of table.

38

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE TAXES AND CONTRIBUTIONS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

Social Insurance
Employment taxes and contributions:
Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ...............................................
Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ....................................................................
Hospital insurance ...........................................................................................
Railroad retirement/pension fund ....................................................................
Railroad social security equivalent account ...................................................

169,822
16,348
44,871
2,213
1,391

182,518
17,711
51,335
2,103
1,395

194,541
18,860
55,992
2,220
1,414

220,337
21,154
59,859
2,326
1,417

240,595
23,071
65,396
2,391
1,407

255,031
26,625
68,556
2,292
1,387

265,503
28,382
72,842
2,371
1,428

273,137
29,289
79,108
2,449
1,508

281,735
30,199
81,224
2,367
1,414

Total 1 ......................................................................................................

234,646

255,062

273,028

305,093

332,859

353,891

370,526

385,491

396,939

Unemployment insurance:
Trust funds .......................................................................................................

25,758

24,098

25,575

24,584

22,011

21,635

20,922

23,410

26,556

Total ........................................................................................................

25,758

24,098

25,575

24,584

22,011

21,635

20,922

23,410

26,556

Other retirement contributions:
Employees retirement—employee contributions .............................................
Contributions for non-Federal employees .......................................................

4,672
87

4,645
96

4,613
102

4,537
122

4,428
119

4,405
117

4,459
108

4,683
105

4,709
96

Total ........................................................................................................

4,759

4,742

4,715

4,658

4,546

4,522

4,568

4,788

4,805

Total social insurance taxes and contributions 1 ...................................

265,163

283,901

303,318

334,335

359,416

380,047

396,016

413,689

428,300

Excise Taxes
Federal funds:
Alcohol .............................................................................................................
Tobacco ...........................................................................................................
Crude oil windfall profit ...................................................................................
Telephone ........................................................................................................
Ozone depleting chemicals/products ..............................................................
Transportation fuels .........................................................................................
Other ................................................................................................................

5,562
4,779
6,348
2,147
..............
..............
261

5,828
4,589
2,251
2,339
..............
..............
1,046

5,971
4,763
..............
2,522
..............
..............
1,588

5,709
4,616
..............
2,610
..............
..............
3,250

5,661
4,378
..............
2,791
..............
..............
317

5,695
4,081
..............
2,995
360
..............
2,460

7,364
4,706
..............
3,094
562
2,780
–231

8,011
5,049
..............
3,146
637
3,512
1,481

7,583
5,875
..............
3,320
854
3,340
3,550

Total ........................................................................................................

19,097

16,053

14,844

16,185

13,147

15,591

18,275

21,836

24,522

Trust funds:
Highway ...........................................................................................................
Airport and airway ...........................................................................................
Black lung disability .........................................................................................
Inland waterway ...............................................................................................
Hazardous substance superfund ....................................................................
Post-closure liability (hazardous waste) .........................................................
Oil spill liability .................................................................................................
Aquatic resources ............................................................................................
Leaking underground storage tank .................................................................
Vaccine injury compensation ..........................................................................

13,015
2,851
581
40
273
7
..............
126
..............
..............

13,363
2,736
547
40
15
–*
..............
165
..............
..............

13,032
3,060
572
48
635
–1
..............
194
73
..............

14,114
3,189
594
48
698
–9
..............
208
125
74

15,628
3,664
563
47
883
–1
..............
187
168
99

13,867
3,700
665
63
818
–1
143
218
122
159

16,979
4,910
652
60
810
..............
254
260
123
81

16,733
4,645
626
70
818
..............
295
271
157
118

18,039
3,262
634
79
826
..............
229
276
153
38

Total ........................................................................................................

16,894

16,866

17,613

19,042

21,239

19,754

24,127

23,733

23,535

Total excise taxes ...................................................................................

35,992

32,919

32,457

35,227

34,386

35,345

42,402

45,569

48,057

See footnotes at end of table.

39

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.4—COMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INSURANCE TAXES AND CONTRIBUTIONS AND OF EXCISE TAXES: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1994

1995

1996

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

Social Insurance
Employment taxes and contributions:
Old-age and survivors insurance (Off-Budget) ...............................................
Disability insurance (Off-Budget) ....................................................................
Hospital insurance ...........................................................................................
Railroad retirement/pension fund ....................................................................
Railroad social security equivalent account ...................................................

302,607
32,419
90,062
2,323
1,399

284,091
66,988
96,024
2,424
1,518

311,869
55,623
104,997
2,362
1,510

334,139
54,764
109,180
2,384
1,496

349,435
55,509
114,167
2,375
1,486

366,905
58,291
119,975
2,365
1,486

382,988
63,908
126,291
2,353
1,483

399,730
67,887
132,381
2,338
1,480

418,751
71,114
138,908
2,321
1,477

Total 1 ......................................................................................................

428,810

451,045

476,361

501,963

522,972

549,022

577,023

603,816

632,571

Unemployment insurance:
Trust funds .......................................................................................................

28,004

28,878

28,584

29,465

30,539

31,806

32,826

33,697

35,841

Total ........................................................................................................

28,004

28,878

28,584

29,465

30,539

31,806

32,826

33,697

35,841

Other retirement contributions:
Employees retirement—employee contributions .............................................
Contributions for non-Federal employees .......................................................

4,563
98

4,461
89

4,389
80

4,266
72

4,206
66

4,340
61

4,490
56

4,597
51

4,616
47

Total ........................................................................................................

4,661

4,550

4,469

4,338

4,272

4,401

4,546

4,648

4,663

Total social insurance taxes and contributions 1 ...................................

461,475

484,473

509,414

535,766

557,783

585,229

614,395

642,161

673,075

Excise Taxes
Federal funds:
Alcohol .............................................................................................................
Tobacco ...........................................................................................................
Telephone ........................................................................................................
Ozone depleting chemicals/products ..............................................................
Transportation fuels .........................................................................................
Aviation user fees ............................................................................................
Other ................................................................................................................

7,539
5,691
3,526
761
9,402
..............
4,307

7,216
5,878
3,794
616
8,491
..............
946

7,220
5,795
4,234
320
7,468
..............
410

7,171
5,694
4,485
113
7,669
..............
1,036

7,119
5,661
4,746
47
7,835
300
1,969

7,058
5,626
5,007
25
8,025
8,904
1,950

6,996
5,594
5,276
9
7,856
8,862
1,881

6,933
5,563
5,576
..............
8,054
9,099
1,721

6,875
5,535
5,901
..............
8,209
9,342
1,717

Total ........................................................................................................

31,226

26,941

25,447

26,168

27,677

36,595

36,474

36,946

37,579

Trust funds:
Highway ...........................................................................................................
Airport and airway ...........................................................................................
Black lung disability .........................................................................................
Inland waterway ...............................................................................................
Hazardous substance superfund ....................................................................
Oil spill liability .................................................................................................
Aquatic resources ............................................................................................
Leaking underground storage tank .................................................................
Vaccine injury compensation ..........................................................................

16,668
5,189
567
88
807
48
301
152
179

22,611
5,534
608
103
867
211
306
165
138

24,651
2,369
614
108
313
34
315
48
115

24,882
4,823
604
117
147
34
324
23
125

24,715
6,391
613
121
881
296
331
162
52

25,317
..............
626
125
900
299
338
171
125

25,829
..............
639
130
915
303
345
174
125

26,570
..............
652
135
929
306
353
178
125

27,061
..............
665
140
943
309
360
181
125

Total ........................................................................................................

23,999

30,543

28,567

31,079

33,562

27,901

28,460

29,248

29,784

Total excise taxes ...................................................................................

55,225

57,484

54,014

57,247

61,239

64,496

64,934

66,194

67,363

* $500 thousand or less.
1 On-budget and off-budget.
Note: Unless otherwise noted, all receipts shown in this table are trust funds and on-budget.

40

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.5—COMPOSITION OF ‘‘OTHER RECEIPTS’’: 1940–2002
(in millions of dollars)

Miscellaneous Receipts
Fiscal Year

Total
‘‘Other
Receipts’’

Estate and
Gift Taxes

Customs
Duties and
Fees

Federal
Reserve
Deposits 1

Memorandum: Trust Fund
Amounts Included in ‘‘Other
Receipts’’

All Other 2

Customs
Duties and
Fees

All Other

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................

698
781
801
800
972

353
403
420
441
507

331
365
369
308
417

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

14
14
11
50
48

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................

1,083
1,202
1,331
1,461
1,388

637
668
771
890
780

341
424
477
403
367

......................
......................
15
100
187

105
109
69
68
54

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................

1,351
1,578
1,710
1,857
1,905

698
708
818
881
934

407
609
533
596
542

192
189
278
298
341

55
72
81
81
88

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

......................
......................
......................
......................
27

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................

1,850
2,270
2,672
2,961
2,921

924
1,161
1,365
1,393
1,333

585
682
735
782
925

251
287
434
664
491

90
140
139
123
171

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

27
27
28
27
27

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................

3,923
3,796
4,001
4,395
4,731

1,606
1,896
2,016
2,167
2,394

1,105
982
1,142
1,205
1,252

1,093
788
718
828
947

119
130
125
194
139

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

27
39
54
16
22

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................

5,753
6,708
6,987
7,580
8,718

2,716
3,066
2,978
3,051
3,491

1,442
1,767
1,901
2,038
2,319

1,372
1,713
1,805
2,091
2,662

222
163
302
400
247

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

56
29
29
44
15

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................

9,499
10,185
12,355
12,026
13,737

3,644
3,735
5,436
4,917
5,035

2,430
2,591
3,287
3,188
3,334

3,266
3,533
3,252
3,495
4,845

158
325
380
425
523

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

17
20
23
24
36

1975 ...................................................................................................
1976 ...................................................................................................
TQ ......................................................................................................
1977 ...................................................................................................
1978 ...................................................................................................
1979 ...................................................................................................

14,998
17,317
4,279
19,008
19,278
22,101

4,611
5,216
1,455
7,327
5,285
5,411

3,676
4,074
1,212
5,150
6,573
7,439

5,777
5,451
1,500
5,908
6,641
8,327

935
2,576
111
623
778
925

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

40
33
8
42
39
43

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................

26,311
28,659
33,006
30,309
34,454

6,389
6,787
7,991
6,053
6,010

7,174
8,083
8,854
8,655
11,370

11,767
12,834
15,186
14,492
15,684

981
956
975
1,108
1,389

......................
60
30
30
30

54
75
100
109
126

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................

37,148
40,337
42,137
44,051
48,407

6,422
6,958
7,493
7,594
8,745

12,079
13,327
15,085
16,198
16,334

17,059
18,374
16,817
17,163
19,604

1,588
1,679
2,743
3,096
3,724

30
30
70
174
243

145
156
177
165
222

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................

56,186
50,710
55,787
50,844
58,487

11,500
11,138
11,143
12,577
15,225

16,707
15,949
17,359
18,802
20,099

24,319
19,158
22,920
14,908
18,023

3,659
4,465
4,364
4,557
5,141

210
432
563
683
677

247
249
254
453
578

See footnote at end of table.

41

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 2.5—COMPOSITION OF ‘‘OTHER RECEIPTS’’: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Miscellaneous Receipts
Fiscal Year

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

Total
‘‘Other
Receipts’’

Estate and
Gift Taxes

Customs
Duties and
Fees

Federal
Reserve
Deposits 1

All Other 2

Memorandum: Trust Fund
Amounts Included in ‘‘Other
Receipts’’
Customs
Duties and
Fees

All Other

...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
estimate ....................................................................................
estimate ....................................................................................
estimate ....................................................................................

62,625
61,393
63,530
66,959
72,486

14,763
17,189
17,588
18,817
19,969

19,301
18,670
17,328
18,307
18,469

23,378
20,477
23,184
23,006
22,977

5,183
5,057
5,430
6,829
11,071

728
760
783
835
890

643
576
680
704
676

2000 estimate ....................................................................................
2001 estimate ....................................................................................
2002 estimate ....................................................................................

80,371
84,248
88,554

21,390
22,926
24,573

19,617
20,523
21,988

23,252
23,729
24,162

16,112
17,070
17,831

950
1,014
1,082

655
648
660

1 Deposits

of earnings by the Federal Reserve System.
in 1984, includes universal service fund receipts.

2 Beginning

42

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2002
Superfunction and Function

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

In millions of dollars
National defense ............................................................................................

1,660

6,435

25,658

66,699

79,143

82,965

42,681

12,808

Human resources ..........................................................................................

4,139

4,158

3,599

2,659

1,928

1,859

5,493

9,909

Education, training, employment, and social services ..............................
Health ..........................................................................................................
Income security ...........................................................................................
Social security .............................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................

1,972
55
1,514
28
570

1,592
60
1,855
91
560

1,062
71
1,828
137
501

375
92
1,739
177
276

160
174
1,503
217
–126

134
211
1,137
267
110

85
201
2,384
358
2,465

102
177
2,820
466
6,344

Physical resources ........................................................................................

2,312

1,782

3,892

6,433

5,471

1,747

836

1,227

Energy .........................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ...........................................................
Commerce and housing credit ...................................................................
Transportation .............................................................................................
Community and regional development ......................................................

88
997
550
392
285

91
817
398
353
123

156
819
1,521
1,283
113

116
726
2,151
3,220
219

65
642
624
3,901
238

25
455
–2,630
3,654
243

41
482
–1,857
1,970
200

18
700
–923
1,130
302

Net interest .....................................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

899
(941)
(–42)

943
(999)
(–56)

1,052
(1,123)
(–71)

1,529
(1,616)
(–87)

2,219
(2,322)
(–103)

3,112
(3,236)
(–124)

4,111
(4,259)
(–148)

4,204
(4,367)
(–163)

Other functions ..............................................................................................

775

882

1,830

2,457

3,864

4,418

3,580

7,900

International affairs .....................................................................................
51
145
General science, space and technology .................................................... .................... ....................
Agriculture ...................................................................................................
369
339
Administration of justice .............................................................................
81
92
General government ...................................................................................
274
306

968
4
344
117
397

1,286
1
343
154
673

1,449
48
1,275
192
900

1,913
111
1,635
178
581

1,935
34
610
176
825

5,791
5
814
176
1,114

Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................

–317

–547

–894

–1,221

–1,320

–1,389

–1,468

–1,552

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

9,468
(9,482)
(–14)

13,653
(13,618)
(35)

35,137
(35,071)
(66)

78,555
(78,466)
(89)

91,304
(91,190)
(114)

92,712
(92,569)
(143)

55,232
(55,022)
(210)

34,496
(34,193)
(303)

As percentages of outlays
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

17.5
43.7
24.4
9.5
8.2
–3.4

47.1
30.5
13.1
6.9
6.5
–4.0

73.0
10.2
11.1
3.0
5.2
–2.5

84.9
3.4
8.2
1.9
3.1
–1.6

86.7
2.1
6.0
2.4
4.2
–1.4

89.5
2.0
1.9
3.4
4.8
–1.5

77.3
9.9
1.5
7.4
6.5
–2.7

37.1
28.7
3.6
12.2
22.9
–4.5

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

100.0
(100.2)
(–0.2)

100.0
(99.7)
(0.3)

100.0
(99.8)
(0.2)

100.0
(99.9)
(0.1)

100.0
(99.9)
(0.1)

100.0
(99.8)
(0.2)

100.0
(99.6)
(0.4)

100.0
(99.1)
(0.9)

As percentages of GDP
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

1.7
4.2
2.4
0.9
0.8
–0.3

5.6
3.6
1.5
0.8
0.8
–0.5

17.7
2.5
2.7
0.7
1.3
–0.6

37.1
1.5
3.6
0.9
1.4
–0.7

38.3
0.9
2.6
1.1
1.9
–0.6

38.2
0.9
0.8
1.4
2.0
–0.6

19.6
2.5
0.4
1.9
1.6
–0.7

5.6
4.3
0.5
1.8
3.5
–0.7

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

9.7
(9.7)
(–*)

11.8
(11.8)
(*)

24.2
(24.1)
(*)

43.7
(43.6)
(*)

44.2
(44.1)
(0.1)

42.6
(42.6)
(0.1)

25.4
(25.3)
(0.1)

15.1
(15.0)
(0.1)

* 0.05 percent or less.
Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

43

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2002—Continued
Superfunction and Function

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

In millions of dollars
National defense ............................................................................................

9,105

13,150

13,724

23,566

46,089

52,802

49,266

42,729

Human resources ..........................................................................................

9,868

10,805

14,221

11,001

11,745

11,836

13,076

14,908

Education, training, employment, and social services ..............................
Health ..........................................................................................................
Income security ...........................................................................................
Social security .............................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................

191
162
2,499
558
6,457

178
197
3,174
657
6,599

241
268
4,097
781
8,834

235
323
3,352
1,565
5,526

339
347
3,655
2,063
5,341

441
336
3,823
2,717
4,519

370
307
4,434
3,352
4,613

445
291
5,071
4,427
4,675

Physical resources ........................................................................................

2,243

3,104

3,667

3,924

4,182

4,005

2,584

2,732

Energy .........................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ...........................................................
Commerce and housing credit ...................................................................
Transportation .............................................................................................
Community and regional development ......................................................

292
780
306
787
78

341
1,080
800
916
–33

327
1,308
1,035
967
30

383
1,310
1,228
956
47

474
1,233
1,278
1,124
73

425
1,289
910
1,264
117

432
1,007
–184
1,229
100

325
940
92
1,246
129

Net interest .....................................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

4,341
(4,532)
(–191)

4,523
(4,753)
(–230)

4,812
(5,069)
(–257)

4,665
(4,952)
(–287)

4,701
(5,035)
(–334)

5,156
(5,543)
(–387)

4,811
(5,250)
(–439)

4,850
(5,288)
(–438)

Other functions ..............................................................................................

5,851

9,032

7,955

4,690

4,346

5,873

4,515

6,718

International affairs .....................................................................................
General science, space and technology ....................................................
Agriculture ...................................................................................................
Administration of justice .............................................................................
General government ...................................................................................

4,566
1
69
170
1,045

6,052
48
1,924
184
824

4,673
55
2,049
193
986

3,647
51
–323
218
1,097

2,691
49
176
267
1,163

2,119
49
2,253
243
1,209

1,596
46
1,817
257
799

2,223
74
3,514
256
651

Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................
–1,643
–1,779
–1,817
–2,332
–3,377
–3,571
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(–1,643)
(–1,779)
(–1,817)
(–2,332)
(–3,377)
(–3,571)
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

–3,397
(–3,396)
(–1)

–3,493
(–3,487)
(–6)

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

29,764
(29,396)
(368)

38,835
(38,408)
(427)

42,562
(42,038)
(524)

45,514
(44,237)
(1,277)

67,686
(65,956)
(1,730)

76,101
(73,771)
(2,330)

70,855
(67,943)
(2,912)

68,444
(64,461)
(3,983)

As percentages of outlays
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

30.6
33.2
7.5
14.6
19.7
–5.5

33.9
27.8
8.0
11.6
23.3
–4.6

32.2
33.4
8.6
11.3
18.7
–4.3

51.8
24.2
8.6
10.2
10.3
–5.1

68.1
17.4
6.2
6.9
6.4
–5.0

69.4
15.6
5.3
6.8
7.7
–4.7

69.5
18.5
3.6
6.8
6.4
–4.8

62.4
21.8
4.0
7.1
9.8
–5.1

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

100.0
(98.8)
(1.2)

100.0
(98.9)
(1.1)

100.0
(98.8)
(1.2)

100.0
(97.2)
(2.8)

100.0
(97.4)
(2.6)

100.0
(96.9)
(3.1)

100.0
(95.9)
(4.1)

100.0
(94.2)
(5.8)

As percentages of GDP
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

3.6
3.9
0.9
1.7
2.3
–0.6

4.9
4.0
1.2
1.7
3.4
–0.7

5.0
5.2
1.3
1.8
2.9
–0.7

7.3
3.4
1.2
1.5
1.5
–0.7

13.2
3.4
1.2
1.3
1.2
–1.0

14.2
3.2
1.1
1.4
1.6
–1.0

13.1
3.5
0.7
1.3
1.2
–0.9

10.8
3.8
0.7
1.2
1.7
–0.9

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

11.7
(11.6)
(0.1)

14.4
(14.3)
(0.2)

15.6
(15.4)
(0.2)

14.2
(13.8)
(0.4)

19.4
(18.9)
(0.5)

20.4
(19.8)
(0.6)

18.8
(18.0)
(0.8)

17.3
(16.3)
(1.0)

Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

44

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2002—Continued
Superfunction and Function

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

In millions of dollars
National defense ............................................................................................

42,523

45,430

46,815

49,015

48,130

49,601

52,345

53,400

Human resources ..........................................................................................

16,052

18,161

22,288

24,892

26,184

29,838

31,630

33,522

Education, training, employment, and social services ..............................
Health ..........................................................................................................
Income security ...........................................................................................
Social security .............................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................

591
359
4,734
5,478
4,891

590
479
5,427
6,661
5,005

643
541
7,535
8,219
5,350

789
685
8,239
9,737
5,443

968
795
7,378
11,602
5,441

1,063
913
9,683
12,474
5,705

1,241
1,198
9,207
14,365
5,619

1,458
1,451
9,311
15,788
5,514

Physical resources ........................................................................................

3,092

4,559

5,188

7,813

7,991

7,754

8,831

8,013

Energy .........................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ...........................................................
Commerce and housing credit ...................................................................
Transportation .............................................................................................
Community and regional development ......................................................

174
870
506
1,450
92

240
1,098
1,424
1,662
135

348
1,407
930
2,334
169

382
1,632
1,933
3,655
211

464
1,559
1,618
4,126
224

510
1,779
1,203
3,987
275

604
2,044
1,424
4,290
469

530
2,251
62
4,596
574

Net interest .....................................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

5,079
(5,567)
(–487)

5,354
(5,910)
(–557)

5,604
(6,175)
(–571)

5,762
(6,338)
(–576)

6,947
(7,511)
(–563)

6,716
(7,307)
(–591)

6,889
(7,498)
(–609)

7,740
(8,322)
(–582)

Other functions ..............................................................................................

7,482

7,220

6,896

9,229

7,760

8,621

12,401

14,437

International affairs .....................................................................................
General science, space and technology ....................................................
Agriculture ...................................................................................................
Administration of justice .............................................................................
General government ...................................................................................

2,414
79
3,486
302
1,201

3,147
122
2,288
303
1,360

3,364
141
2,411
325
655

3,144
294
4,509
356
926

2,988
599
2,623
366
1,184

3,184
1,042
2,641
400
1,354

5,639
1,723
3,562
429
1,049

5,308
3,051
4,384
465
1,230

Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

–3,589
(–3,571)
(–18)

–4,146
(–4,058)
(–88)

–4,385
(–4,240)
(–145)

–4,613
(–4,449)
(–164)

–4,820
(–4,632)
(–188)

–4,807
(–4,601)
(–206)

–5,274
(–5,053)
(–221)

–5,797
(–5,555)
(–242)

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

70,640
(65,668)
(4,972)

76,578
(70,562)
(6,016)

82,405
(74,902)
(7,503)

92,098
(83,102)
(8,996)

92,191
(81,341)
(10,850)

97,723
(86,046)
(11,677)

106,821
(93,286)
(13,535)

111,316
(96,352)
(14,964)

As percentages of outlays
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

60.2
22.7
4.4
7.2
10.6
–5.1

59.3
23.7
6.0
7.0
9.4
–5.4

56.8
27.0
6.3
6.8
8.4
–5.3

53.2
27.0
8.5
6.3
10.0
–5.0

52.2
28.4
8.7
7.5
8.4
–5.2

50.8
30.5
7.9
6.9
8.8
–4.9

49.0
29.6
8.3
6.4
11.6
–4.9

48.0
30.1
7.2
7.0
13.0
–5.2

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

100.0
(93.0)
(7.0)

100.0
(92.1)
(7.9)

100.0
(90.9)
(9.1)

100.0
(90.2)
(9.8)

100.0
(88.2)
(11.8)

100.0
(88.1)
(11.9)

100.0
(87.3)
(12.7)

100.0
(86.6)
(13.4)

As percentages of GDP
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

10.0
3.8
0.7
1.2
1.8
–0.8

10.1
4.0
1.0
1.2
1.6
–0.9

10.2
4.9
1.1
1.2
1.5
–1.0

10.0
5.1
1.6
1.2
1.9
–0.9

9.3
5.1
1.5
1.3
1.5
–0.9

9.4
5.6
1.5
1.3
1.6
–0.9

9.2
5.6
1.6
1.2
2.2
–0.9

8.9
5.6
1.3
1.3
2.4
–1.0

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

16.6
(15.4)
(1.2)

17.0
(15.7)
(1.3)

18.0
(16.3)
(1.6)

18.8
(17.0)
(1.8)

17.8
(15.7)
(2.1)

18.4
(16.2)
(2.2)

18.8
(16.4)
(2.4)

18.6
(16.1)
(2.5)

Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

45

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2002—Continued
Superfunction and Function

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

In millions of dollars
National defense ............................................................................................

54,757

50,620

58,111

71,417

81,926

82,497

81,692

78,872

Human resources ..........................................................................................

35,294

36,576

43,257

51,272

59,375

66,410

75,349

91,901

Education, training, employment, and social services ..............................
1,555
2,140
4,363
Health ..........................................................................................................
1,788
1,791
2,543
Medicare ...................................................................................................... .................... ....................
64
Income security ...........................................................................................
9,657
9,469
9,678
Social security .............................................................................................
16,620
17,460
20,694
(On-budget) ........................................................................................ .................... .................... ....................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................
(16,620)
(17,460)
(20,694)
Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
5,675
5,716
5,916

6,453
3,351
2,748
10,261
21,725
(94)
(21,631)
6,735

7,634
4,390
4,649
11,816
23,854
(94)
(23,760)
7,032

7,548
5,162
5,695
13,076
27,298
(414)
(26,885)
7,631

8,634
5,907
6,213
15,655
30,270
(458)
(29,812)
8,669

9,849
6,843
6,622
22,946
35,872
(465)
(35,408)
9,768

Physical resources ........................................................................................

9,528

11,264

13,410

14,674

16,002

11,869

15,574

18,286

Energy .........................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ...........................................................
Commerce and housing credit ...................................................................
Transportation .............................................................................................
Community and regional development ......................................................

572
2,364
418
5,242
933

699
2,531
1,157
5,763
1,114

612
2,719
3,245
5,730
1,105

782
2,869
3,979
5,936
1,108

1,037
2,988
4,280
6,316
1,382

1,010
2,900
–119
6,526
1,552

997
3,065
2,112
7,008
2,392

1,035
3,915
2,366
8,052
2,917

Net interest .....................................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

8,199
(8,805)
(–607)

8,591
(9,239)
(–648)

9,386
(10,028)
(–642)

10,268
(11,060)
(–792)

11,090
(12,069)
(–979)

12,699
(13,848)
(–1,149)

14,380
(15,948)
(–1,568)

14,841
(16,783)
(–1,942)

Other functions ..............................................................................................

16,458

17,086

16,911

17,126

17,786

18,151

17,286

16,379

International affairs .....................................................................................
General science, space and technology ....................................................
Agriculture ...................................................................................................
Administration of justice .............................................................................
General government ...................................................................................

4,945
4,897
4,609
489
1,518

5,273
5,823
3,955
535
1,499

5,580
6,717
2,447
563
1,603

5,566
6,233
2,990
618
1,719

5,301
5,524
4,545
659
1,757

4,600
5,020
5,826
766
1,939

4,330
4,511
5,166
959
2,320

4,159
4,182
4,290
1,306
2,442

Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

–5,708
(–5,429)
(–279)

–5,908
(–5,626)
(–282)

–6,542
(–6,205)
(–337)

–7,294
(–6,879)
(–415)

–8,045
(–7,600)
(–445)

–7,986
(–7,454)
(–532)

–8,632
(–7,995)
(–637)

–10,107
(–9,467)
(–640)

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

118,528
(102,794)
(15,734)

118,228
(101,699)
(16,529)

134,532
(114,817)
(19,715)

157,464
(137,040)
(20,424)

178,134
(155,798)
(22,336)

183,640
(158,436)
(25,204)

195,649
(168,042)
(27,607)

210,172
(177,346)
(32,826)

As percentages of outlays
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

46.2
29.8
8.0
6.9
13.9
–4.8

42.8
30.9
9.5
7.3
14.5
–5.0

43.2
32.2
10.0
7.0
12.6
–4.9

45.4
32.6
9.3
6.5
10.9
–4.6

46.0
33.3
9.0
6.2
10.0
–4.5

44.9
36.2
6.5
6.9
9.9
–4.3

41.8
38.5
8.0
7.4
8.8
–4.4

37.5
43.7
8.7
7.1
7.8
–4.8

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

100.0
(86.7)
(13.3)

100.0
(86.0)
(14.0)

100.0
(85.3)
(14.7)

100.0
(87.0)
(13.0)

100.0
(87.5)
(12.5)

100.0
(86.3)
(13.7)

100.0
(85.9)
(14.1)

100.0
(84.4)
(15.6)

As percentages of GDP
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

8.6
5.5
1.5
1.3
2.6
–0.9

7.4
5.3
1.6
1.3
2.5
–0.9

7.7
5.7
1.8
1.2
2.2
–0.9

8.8
6.3
1.8
1.3
2.1
–0.9

9.4
6.8
1.8
1.3
2.0
–0.9

8.7
7.0
1.3
1.3
1.9
–0.8

8.1
7.5
1.5
1.4
1.7
–0.9

7.3
8.5
1.7
1.4
1.5
–0.9

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

18.5
(16.1)
(2.5)

17.2
(14.8)
(2.4)

17.9
(15.3)
(2.6)

19.4
(16.9)
(2.5)

20.5
(17.9)
(2.6)

19.4
(16.7)
(2.7)

19.4
(16.6)
(2.7)

19.5
(16.5)
(3.0)

Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

46

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2002—Continued
Superfunction and Function

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

TQ

1977

1978

In millions of dollars
National defense ............................................................................................

79,174

76,681

79,347

86,509

89,619

22,269

97,241

104,495

Human resources ..........................................................................................

107,211

119,522

135,783

173,245

203,594

52,065

221,895

242,329

Education, training, employment, and social services ..............................
Health ..........................................................................................................
Medicare ......................................................................................................
Income security ...........................................................................................
Social security .............................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................

12,529
8,674
7,479
27,650
40,157
(538)
(39,620)
10,720

12,745
9,356
8,052
28,276
49,090
(526)
(48,565)
12,003

12,457
10,733
9,639
33,713
55,867
(494)
(55,373)
13,374

16,022
12,930
12,875
50,176
64,658
(499)
(64,159)
16,584

18,910
5,169
15,734
3,924
15,834
4,264
60,799
14,985
73,899
19,763
(515) ....................
(73,384)
(19,763)
18,419
3,960

21,104
17,302
19,345
61,060
85,061
(717)
(84,344)
18,022

26,710
18,524
22,768
61,505
93,861
(741)
(93,120)
18,961

Physical resources ........................................................................................

19,574

20,614

25,106

35,449

39,188

9,512

40,746

52,591

Energy .........................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ...........................................................
Commerce and housing credit ...................................................................
Transportation .............................................................................................
Community and regional development ......................................................

1,296
4,241
2,222
8,392
3,423

1,237
4,775
931
9,066
4,605

1,303
5,697
4,705
9,172
4,229

2,916
7,346
9,947
10,918
4,322

4,204
8,184
7,619
13,739
5,442

1,129
2,524
931
3,358
1,569

5,770
10,032
3,093
14,829
7,021

7,992
10,983
6,254
15,521
11,841

Net interest .....................................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

15,478
(17,584)
(–2,106)

17,349
(19,629)
(–2,280)

21,449
(23,969)
(–2,520)

23,244
(26,047)
(–2,803)

26,727
(29,539)
(–2,812)

6,949
(7,042)
(–93)

29,901
(32,551)
(–2,650)

35,458
(37,861)
(–2,403)

Other functions ..............................................................................................

18,828

24,950

24,423

27,487

27,050

9,388

34,315

39,594

International affairs .....................................................................................
General science, space and technology ....................................................
Agriculture ...................................................................................................
Administration of justice .............................................................................
General government ...................................................................................

4,781
4,175
5,259
1,653
2,960

4,149
4,032
4,854
2,141
9,774

5,710
3,980
2,230
2,470
10,032

7,097
3,991
3,036
2,955
10,408

6,433
4,373
3,170
3,328
9,747

2,458
1,162
983
891
3,895

6,353
4,736
6,787
3,605
12,833

7,482
4,926
11,357
3,813
12,015

Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

–9,583
(–8,926)
(–657)

–13,409
(–12,714)
(–695)

–16,749
(–15,985)
(–764)

–13,602
(–12,686)
(–916)

–14,386
(–13,423)
(–963)

–4,206
(–3,957)
(–249)

–14,879
(–13,902)
(–977)

–15,720
(–14,660)
(–1,060)

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

230,681
(193,824)
(36,857)

245,707
(200,118)
(45,589)

269,359
(217,270)
(52,089)

332,332
(271,892)
(60,440)

371,792
(302,183)
(69,609)

95,975
(76,555)
(19,421)

409,218
(328,502)
(80,716)

458,746
(369,089)
(89,657)

As percentages of outlays
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

34.3
46.5
8.5
6.7
8.2
–4.2

31.2
48.6
8.4
7.1
10.2
–5.5

29.5
50.4
9.3
8.0
9.1
–6.2

26.0
52.1
10.7
7.0
8.3
–4.1

24.1
54.8
10.5
7.2
7.3
–3.9

23.2
54.2
9.9
7.2
9.8
–4.4

23.8
54.2
10.0
7.3
8.4
–3.6

22.8
52.8
11.5
7.7
8.6
–3.4

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

100.0
(84.0)
(16.0)

100.0
(81.4)
(18.6)

100.0
(80.7)
(19.3)

100.0
(81.8)
(18.2)

100.0
(81.3)
(18.7)

100.0
(79.8)
(20.2)

100.0
(80.3)
(19.7)

100.0
(80.5)
(19.5)

As percentages of GDP
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

6.7
9.1
1.7
1.3
1.6
–0.8

5.9
9.1
1.6
1.3
1.9
–1.0

5.5
9.4
1.7
1.5
1.7
–1.2

5.6
11.1
2.3
1.5
1.8
–0.9

5.2
11.8
2.3
1.5
1.6
–0.8

4.9
11.4
2.1
1.5
2.1
–0.9

4.9
11.3
2.1
1.5
1.7
–0.8

4.7
11.0
2.4
1.6
1.8
–0.7

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

19.6
(16.5)
(3.1)

18.8
(15.3)
(3.5)

18.7
(15.1)
(3.6)

21.4
(17.5)
(3.9)

21.5
(17.5)
(4.0)

21.1
(16.8)
(4.3)

20.8
(16.7)
(4.1)

20.7
(16.7)
(4.1)

Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

47

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2002—Continued
Superfunction and Function

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

In millions of dollars
National defense ............................................................................................

116,342

133,995

157,513

185,309

209,903

227,413

252,748

273,375

Human resources ..........................................................................................

267,574

313,374

362,022

388,681

426,003

432,042

471,822

481,594

Education, training, employment, and social services ..............................
Health ..........................................................................................................
Medicare ......................................................................................................
Income security ...........................................................................................
Social security .............................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................

30,223
20,494
26,495
66,376
104,073
(757)
(103,316)
19,914

31,843
23,169
32,090
86,557
118,547
(675)
(117,872)
21,169

33,709
26,866
39,149
99,742
139,584
(670)
(138,914)
22,973

27,029
27,445
46,567
107,737
155,964
(844)
(155,120)
23,938

26,606
28,641
52,588
122,621
170,724
(19,993)
(150,731)
24,824

27,579
30,417
57,540
112,694
178,223
(7,056)
(171,167)
25,588

29,342
33,542
65,822
128,230
188,623
(5,189)
(183,434)
26,262

30,585
35,936
70,164
119,824
198,757
(8,072)
(190,684)
26,327

Physical resources ........................................................................................

54,559

65,985

70,886

61,752

57,600

57,980

56,897

58,783

Energy .........................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ...........................................................
Commerce and housing credit ...................................................................
Transportation .............................................................................................
Community and regional development ......................................................

9,180
12,135
4,686
18,079
10,480

10,156
13,858
9,390
21,329
11,252

15,166
13,568
8,206
23,379
10,568

13,527
12,998
6,256
20,625
8,347

9,353
12,672
6,681
21,334
7,560

7,086
12,593
6,959
23,669
7,673

5,685
13,357
4,337
25,838
7,680

4,735
13,639
5,059
28,117
7,233

Net interest .....................................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

42,636
(44,860)
(–2,224)

52,538
(54,877)
(–2,339)

68,774
(71,062)
(–2,288)

85,044
(87,114)
(–2,071)

89,828
(91,673)
(–1,845)

111,123
(114,432)
(–3,310)

129,504
(133,622)
(–4,118)

136,047
(140,377)
(–4,329)

Other functions ..............................................................................................

40,396

44,996

47,095

51,069

59,023

55,287

68,227

73,713

International affairs .....................................................................................
General science, space and technology ....................................................
Agriculture ...................................................................................................
Administration of justice .............................................................................
General government ...................................................................................

7,459
5,235
11,236
4,173
12,293

12,714
5,832
8,839
4,584
13,028

13,104
6,469
11,323
4,769
11,429

12,300
7,200
15,944
4,712
10,914

11,848
7,935
22,901
5,105
11,235

15,876
8,317
13,613
5,663
11,817

16,176
8,627
25,565
6,270
11,588

14,152
8,976
31,449
6,572
12,564

Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

–17,476
(–16,362)
(–1,114)

–19,942
(–18,738)
(–1,204)

–28,041
(–26,611)
(–1,430)

–26,099
(–24,453)
(–1,646)

–33,976
(–32,198)
(–1,778)

–31,957
(–29,913)
(–2,044)

–32,698
(–30,189)
(–2,509)

–33,007
(–30,150)
(–2,857)

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

504,032
(404,054)
(99,978)

590,947
(476,618)
(114,329)

678,249
(543,053)
(135,196)

745,755
(594,351)
(151,404)

808,380
(661,272)
(147,108)

851,888
(686,074)
(165,813)

946,499
(769,692)
(176,807)

990,505
(807,007)
(183,498)

As percentages of outlays
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

23.1
53.1
10.8
8.5
8.0
–3.5

22.7
53.0
11.2
8.9
7.6
–3.4

23.2
53.4
10.5
10.1
6.9
–4.1

24.8
52.1
8.3
11.4
6.8
–3.5

26.0
52.7
7.1
11.1
7.3
–4.2

26.7
50.7
6.8
13.0
6.5
–3.8

26.7
49.8
6.0
13.7
7.2
–3.5

27.6
48.6
5.9
13.7
7.4
–3.3

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

100.0
(80.2)
(19.8)

100.0
(80.7)
(19.3)

100.0
(80.1)
(19.9)

100.0
(79.7)
(20.3)

100.0
(81.8)
(18.2)

100.0
(80.5)
(19.5)

100.0
(81.3)
(18.7)

100.0
(81.5)
(18.5)

As percentages of GDP
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

4.7
10.7
2.2
1.7
1.6
–0.7

4.9
11.5
2.4
1.9
1.7
–0.7

5.2
11.9
2.3
2.3
1.5
–0.9

5.8
12.1
1.9
2.6
1.6
–0.8

6.1
12.4
1.7
2.6
1.7
–1.0

6.0
11.3
1.5
2.9
1.5
–0.8

6.2
11.5
1.4
3.2
1.7
–0.8

6.2
11.0
1.3
3.1
1.7
–0.8

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

20.2
(16.2)
(4.0)

21.7
(17.5)
(4.2)

22.2
(17.8)
(4.4)

23.2
(18.5)
(4.7)

23.6
(19.3)
(4.3)

22.3
(18.0)
(4.3)

23.1
(18.8)
(4.3)

22.6
(18.4)
(4.2)

Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

48

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2002—Continued
Superfunction and Function

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

In millions of dollars
National defense ............................................................................................

281,999

290,361

303,559

299,331

273,292

298,350

291,086

281,642

Human resources ..........................................................................................

502,196

533,404

568,668

619,329

689,666

772,440

827,535

869,414

Education, training, employment, and social services ..............................
Health ..........................................................................................................
Medicare ......................................................................................................
Income security ...........................................................................................
Social security .............................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................

29,724
39,967
75,120
123,282
207,353
(4,930)
(202,422)
26,750

31,938
44,487
78,878
129,374
219,341
(4,852)
(214,489)
29,386

36,674
48,390
84,964
136,066
232,542
(5,069)
(227,473)
30,031

38,755
57,716
98,102
147,076
248,623
(3,625)
(244,998)
29,058

43,354
71,183
104,489
170,320
269,015
(2,619)
(266,395)
31,305

45,248
89,497
119,024
197,022
287,585
(6,166)
(281,418)
34,064

50,012
99,415
130,552
207,299
304,585
(6,236)
(298,349)
35,671

46,307
107,122
144,747
214,089
319,565
(5,683)
(313,881)
37,585

Physical resources ........................................................................................

55,185

68,632

81,568

126,004

135,176

75,613

46,762

70,575

Energy .........................................................................................................
4,115
2,297
Natural resources and environment ...........................................................
13,363
14,606
Commerce and housing credit ...................................................................
6,435
19,164
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(6,435)
(19,164)
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................ .................... ....................
Transportation .............................................................................................
26,222
27,272
Community and regional development ......................................................
5,051
5,294

2,706
16,182
29,710
(30,019)
(–310)
27,608
5,362

3,341
17,080
67,600
(65,974)
(1,626)
29,485
8,498

2,436
18,559
76,271
(74,953)
(1,317)
31,099
6,811

4,500
20,025
10,919
(10,260)
(659)
33,332
6,838

4,319
20,239
–21,853
(–23,294)
(1,441)
35,004
9,052

5,219
21,064
–4,228
(–5,331)
(1,103)
38,066
10,454

Net interest .....................................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

138,652
(143,942)
(–5,290)

151,838
(159,253)
(–7,416)

169,266
(180,661)
(–11,395)

184,221
(200,212)
(–15,991)

194,541
(214,763)
(–20,222)

199,421
(223,059)
(–23,637)

198,811
(225,599)
(–26,788)

202,957
(232,160)
(–29,203)

Other functions ..............................................................................................

62,588

57,222

57,822

60,893

71,081

75,136

82,606

74,914

International affairs .....................................................................................
General science, space and technology ....................................................
Agriculture ...................................................................................................
Administration of justice .............................................................................
General government ...................................................................................

11,649
9,216
26,606
7,553
7,565

10,471
10,841
17,210
9,236
9,464

9,573
12,838
16,919
9,474
9,017

13,764
14,444
11,958
9,993
10,734

15,851
16,111
15,183
12,276
11,661

16,107
16,409
15,205
14,426
12,990

17,248
17,030
20,363
14,955
13,009

17,083
16,227
15,046
15,256
11,303

Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

–36,455
(–33,155)
(–3,300)

–36,967
(–32,585)
(–4,382)

–37,212
(–32,354)
(–4,858)

–36,615
(–31,048)
(–5,567)

–39,356
(–33,553)
(–5,804)

–39,280
(–33,179)
(–6,101)

–37,386
(–30,970)
(–6,416)

–37,772
(–31,362)
(–6,409)

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

1,004,164 1,064,489 1,143,671 1,253,163 1,324,400 1,381,681 1,409,414 1,461,731
(810,332) (861,798) (932,760) (1,028,098) (1,082,713) (1,129,343) (1,142,827) (1,182,359)
(193,832) (202,691) (210,911) (225,065) (241,687) (252,339) (266,587) (279,372)
As percentages of outlays

National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

28.1
50.0
5.5
13.8
6.2
–3.6

27.3
50.1
6.4
14.3
5.4
–3.5

26.5
49.7
7.1
14.8
5.1
–3.3

23.9
49.4
10.1
14.7
4.9
–2.9

20.6
52.1
10.2
14.7
5.4
–3.0

21.6
55.9
5.5
14.4
5.4
–2.8

20.7
58.7
3.3
14.1
5.9
–2.7

19.3
59.5
4.8
13.9
5.1
–2.6

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

100.0
(80.7)
(19.3)

100.0
(81.0)
(19.0)

100.0
(81.6)
(18.4)

100.0
(82.0)
(18.0)

100.0
(81.8)
(18.2)

100.0
(81.7)
(18.3)

100.0
(81.1)
(18.9)

100.0
(80.9)
(19.1)

As percentages of GDP
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

6.1
10.9
1.2
3.0
1.4
–0.8

5.9
10.8
1.4
3.1
1.2
–0.7

5.7
10.6
1.5
3.2
1.1
–0.7

5.3
10.9
2.2
3.2
1.1
–0.6

4.7
11.8
2.3
3.3
1.2
–0.7

4.9
12.6
1.2
3.2
1.2
–0.6

4.5
12.8
0.7
3.1
1.3
–0.6

4.1
12.7
1.0
3.0
1.1
–0.6

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

21.8
(17.6)
(4.2)

21.5
(17.4)
(4.1)

21.4
(17.4)
(3.9)

22.0
(18.1)
(4.0)

22.6
(18.5)
(4.1)

22.5
(18.4)
(4.1)

21.8
(17.7)
(4.1)

21.4
(17.3)
(4.1)

Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

49

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.1—OUTLAYS BY SUPERFUNCTION AND FUNCTION: 1940–2002—Continued
Superfunction and Function

1995

1996

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

In millions of dollars
National defense ............................................................................................

272,066

265,748

267,176

259,388

261,419

267,194

268,041

273,194

Human resources ..........................................................................................

923,765

958,254

1,019,395

1,074,337

1,126,660

1,175,677

1,221,235

1,277,605

Education, training, employment, and social services ..............................
Health ..........................................................................................................
Medicare ......................................................................................................
Income security ...........................................................................................
Social security .............................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................

54,263
115,418
159,855
220,493
335,846
(5,476)
(330,370)
37,890

52,001
119,378
174,225
225,989
349,676
(5,807)
(343,869)
36,985

51,291
127,630
194,256
238,855
367,713
(6,944)
(360,769)
39,650

56,204
138,241
207,084
247,499
384,338
(7,626)
(376,712)
40,971

61,692
145,095
219,552
256,397
401,989
(8,112)
(393,877)
41,935

63,243
151,994
229,321
266,154
421,061
(8,677)
(412,384)
43,904

63,855
159,605
245,981
269,327
441,223
(8,730)
(432,493)
41,244

62,753
165,278
263,237
279,972
462,957
(9,932)
(453,025)
43,408

Physical resources ........................................................................................

59,197

64,054

68,032

78,646

81,040

86,694

79,845

77,722

Energy .........................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ...........................................................
Commerce and housing credit ...................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................
Transportation .............................................................................................
Community and regional development ......................................................

4,936
22,078
–17,808
(–15,839)
(–1,969)
39,350
10,641

2,836
21,614
–10,646
(–10,020)
(–626)
39,565
10,685

2,053
22,773
–8,808
(–10,784)
(1,976)
39,262
12,752

2,279
22,314
3,359
(–735)
(4,094)
39,259
11,435

1,299
22,634
6,323
(5,471)
(852)
39,384
11,400

2,045
23,086
12,600
(12,771)
(–171)
39,317
9,646

1,633
23,175
7,307
(9,067)
(–1,760)
39,365
8,365

–403
22,956
8,055
(9,398)
(–1,343)
39,164
7,950

Net interest .....................................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

232,169
(265,474)
(–33,305)

241,090
(277,597)
(–36,507)

247,382
(288,620)
(–41,238)

249,859
(295,058)
(–45,199)

251,843
(301,071)
(–49,228)

248,203
(301,384)
(–53,181)

244,963
(302,235)
(–57,272)

238,762
(300,316)
(–61,554)

Other functions ..............................................................................................

72,987

68,804

75,518

80,835

83,269

82,657

80,455

80,384

International affairs .....................................................................................
General science, space and technology ....................................................
Agriculture ...................................................................................................
Administration of justice .............................................................................
General government ...................................................................................

16,434
16,724
9,778
16,216
13,835

13,496
16,709
9,159
17,548
11,892

14,822
16,551
10,252
20,784
13,109

14,905
16,488
12,341
24,228
12,873

15,903
16,422
11,770
25,936
13,238

15,233
16,186
11,192
26,433
13,613

15,273
16,082
10,021
26,050
13,029

15,496
16,096
9,793
25,956
13,043

Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

–44,455
(–38,023)
(–6,432)

–37,620
(–31,342)
(–6,278)

–46,487
(–39,982)
(–6,505)

–55,590
(–48,562)
(–7,028)

–43,531
(–35,898)
(–7,633)

–45,998
(–37,642)
(–8,356)

–50,051
(–41,109)
(–8,942)

–67,950
(–58,169)
(–9,781)

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

1,515,729 1,560,330 1,631,016 1,687,475 1,760,700 1,814,427 1,844,488 1,879,717
(1,227,065) (1,259,872) (1,316,014) (1,358,896) (1,422,832) (1,463,751) (1,479,969) (1,499,370)
(288,664) (300,458) (315,002) (328,579) (337,868) (350,676) (364,519) (380,347)
As percentages of outlays

National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

17.9
60.9
3.9
15.3
4.8
–2.9

17.0
61.4
4.1
15.5
4.4
–2.4

16.4
62.5
4.2
15.2
4.6
–2.9

15.4
63.7
4.7
14.8
4.8
–3.3

14.8
64.0
4.6
14.3
4.7
–2.5

14.7
64.8
4.8
13.7
4.6
–2.5

14.5
66.2
4.3
13.3
4.4
–2.7

14.5
68.0
4.1
12.7
4.3
–3.6

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

100.0
(81.0)
(19.0)

100.0
(80.7)
(19.3)

100.0
(80.7)
(19.3)

100.0
(80.5)
(19.5)

100.0
(80.8)
(19.2)

100.0
(80.7)
(19.3)

100.0
(80.2)
(19.8)

100.0
(79.8)
(20.2)

As percentages of GDP
National defense .............................................................................................
Human resources ............................................................................................
Physical resources ..........................................................................................
Net interest ......................................................................................................
Other functions ................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................

3.8
12.9
0.8
3.2
1.0
–0.6

3.6
12.8
0.9
3.2
0.9
–0.5

3.4
13.0
0.9
3.1
1.0
–0.6

3.2
13.1
1.0
3.0
1.0
–0.7

3.0
13.1
0.9
2.9
1.0
–0.5

3.0
13.0
1.0
2.7
0.9
–0.5

2.8
12.9
0.8
2.6
0.8
–0.5

2.7
12.8
0.8
2.4
0.8
–0.7

Total, Federal outlays ...................................................................................
(On-budget) ........................................................................................
(Off-budget) ........................................................................................

21.1
(17.1)
(4.0)

20.8
(16.8)
(4.0)

20.8
(16.8)
(4.0)

20.5
(16.5)
(4.0)

20.4
(16.5)
(3.9)

20.1
(16.2)
(3.9)

19.4
(15.6)
(3.8)

18.9
(15.0)
(3.8)

Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

50

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

050 National defense:
051 Department of Defense—Military:
Military Personnel ................................................................................
Operation and Maintenance ...............................................................
Procurement ........................................................................................
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .................................
Military Construction ............................................................................
Family Housing ...................................................................................
Other ....................................................................................................

16,331
11,594
14,532
6,319
1,347
259
–271

16,256
11,874
16,632
6,376
1,144
563
–1,696

17,422
11,932
15,351
7,021
1,026
550
–717

17,913
12,349
11,839
6,236
1,007
563
–1,127

20,009
14,710
14,339
6,259
1,334
569
–590

22,952
19,000
19,012
7,160
1,536
485
–76

25,118
20,578
23,283
7,747
1,281
495
1,853

26,914
22,227
23,988
7,457
1,389
574
–1,777

29,032
21,609
21,584
7,166
1,168
614
–1,050

051 Subtotal, Department of Defense—Military .....................................
053 Atomic energy defense activities .....................................................
054 Defense-related activities .................................................................

50,111
2,074
160

51,147
2,041
212

52,585
1,902
270

48,780
1,620
220

56,629
1,466
16

70,069
1,277
71

80,355
1,336
235

80,771
1,389
337

80,123
1,415
154

Total, National defense ...........................................................................

52,345

53,400

54,757

50,620

58,111

71,417

81,926

82,497

81,692

150 International affairs:
151 International development and humanitarian assistance ................
152 International security assistance .....................................................
153 Conduct of foreign affairs ................................................................
154 Foreign information and exchange activities ..................................
155 International financial programs ......................................................

2,883
1,958
249
197
353

3,079
2,185
346
201
–503

3,367
1,830
231
207
–690

3,357
1,599
336
224
–242

3,478
1,590
354
228
–69

3,085
1,530
369
245
338

2,879
1,051
354
253
765

2,484
1,102
370
237
407

2,341
1,094
398
235
261

Total, International affairs .......................................................................

5,639

5,308

4,945

5,273

5,580

5,566

5,301

4,600

4,330

250 General science, space and technology:
251 General science and basic research ..............................................
252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ............................

497
1,226

534
2,516

766
4,131

789
5,034

858
5,858

897
5,336

930
4,594

938
4,082

947
3,564

Total, General science, space and technology ......................................

1,723

3,051

4,897

5,823

6,717

6,233

5,524

5,020

4,511

270 Energy:
271 Energy supply ..................................................................................
276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ......................................

533
71

451
80

485
87

602
97

510
101

673
109

918
118

887
122

856
142

Total, Energy ...........................................................................................

604

530

572

699

612

782

1,037

1,010

997

300 Natural resources and environment:
301 Water resources ...............................................................................
302 Conservation and land management ..............................................
303 Recreational resources ....................................................................
304 Pollution control and abatement ......................................................
306 Other natural resources ...................................................................

1,290
348
152
70
186

1,448
323
181
87
212

1,461
327
204
117
255

1,546
341
218
134
292

1,704
305
235
158
317

1,685
369
270
190
354

1,644
402
323
249
370

1,591
268
370
303
368

1,514
376
363
384
428

Total, Natural resources and environment .............................................

2,044

2,251

2,364

2,531

2,719

2,869

2,988

2,900

3,065

350 Agriculture:
351 Farm income stabilization ................................................................
352 Agricultural research and services ..................................................

3,222
340

4,047
337

4,241
369

3,551
404

2,004
444

2,515
475

4,032
512

5,304
521

4,589
577

Total, Agriculture .....................................................................................

3,562

4,384

4,609

3,955

2,447

2,990

4,545

5,826

5,166

370 Commerce and housing credit:
371 Mortgage credit ................................................................................
372 Postal Service ..................................................................................
373 Deposit insurance ............................................................................
376 Other advancement of commerce ...................................................

650
797
–394
371

–592
770
–423
307

–54
578
–436
331

277
805
–389
465

2,494
888
–486
348

2,846
1,141
–401
394

3,261
1,080
–522
462

–720
920
–603
284

590
1,510
–501
513

Total, Commerce and housing credit .....................................................

1,424

62

418

1,157

3,245

3,979

4,280

–119

2,112

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

51

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

050 National defense:
051 Department of Defense—Military:
Military Personnel ................................................................................
Operation and Maintenance ...............................................................
Procurement ........................................................................................
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .................................
Military Construction ............................................................................
Family Housing ...................................................................................
Other ....................................................................................................

29,079
20,941
18,858
7,303
1,095
598
–376

29,571
21,675
17,131
7,881
1,108
688
–409

29,773
21,069
15,654
8,157
1,119
729
–1,468

30,409
22,478
15,241
8,582
1,407
884
–1,137

32,162
26,297
16,042
8,866
1,462
1,124
–1,101

32,546
27,837
15,964
8,923
2,019
1,192
–563

051 Subtotal, Department of Defense—Military .....................................
053 Atomic energy defense activities .....................................................
054 Defense-related activities .................................................................

77,497
1,385
–10

77,645
1,373
156

75,033
1,409
240

77,864
1,486
–3

84,852
1,506
151

Total, National defense ...........................................................................

78,872

79,174

76,681

79,347

150 International affairs:
151 International development and humanitarian assistance ................
152 International security assistance .....................................................
153 Conduct of foreign affairs ................................................................
154 Foreign information and exchange activities ..................................
155 International financial programs ......................................................

2,296
1,367
405
241
–150

2,394
1,446
452
274
215

1,741
1,427
476
295
211

Total, International affairs .......................................................................

4,159

4,781

250 General science, space and technology:
251 General science and basic research ..............................................
252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ............................

1,009
3,172

Total, General science, space and technology ......................................

4,182

TQ

1977

1978

8,268
7,232
3,766
2,206
376
296
–338

33,672
30,587
18,178
9,795
1,914
1,358
–357

35,553
33,580
19,976
10,508
1,932
1,405
–694

87,917
1,565
137

21,807
435
27

95,147
1,936
158

102,259
2,070
166

86,509

89,619

22,269

97,241

104,495

2,430
1,824
609
320
527

3,134
2,535
659
348
421

2,636
2,683
727
382
4

1,119
1,470
263
115
–509

2,823
3,075
982
386
–913

2,647
3,926
1,128
423
–642

4,149

5,710

7,097

6,433

2,458

6,353

7,482

979
3,196

961
3,071

1,017
2,963

1,038
2,953

1,034
3,338

292
871

1,078
3,657

1,160
3,766

4,175

4,032

3,980

3,991

4,373

1,162

4,736

4,926

270 Energy:
271 Energy supply ..................................................................................
880
1,089
1,007
969
272 Energy conservation ........................................................................ .................. .................. ..................
3
274 Emergency energy preparedness ................................................... .................. .................. .................. ..................
276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ......................................
155
207
231
331

2,446
48
33
389

3,530
51
65
558

913
38
32
146

4,841
143
123
664

6,075
221
897
798

Total, Energy ...........................................................................................

1,035

1,296

1,237

1,303

2,916

4,204

1,129

5,770

7,992

300 Natural resources and environment:
301 Water resources ...............................................................................
302 Conservation and land management ..............................................
303 Recreational resources ....................................................................
304 Pollution control and abatement ......................................................
306 Other natural resources ...................................................................

1,768
488
462
702
495

1,948
445
516
764
567

2,221
320
547
1,122
565

2,200
148
645
2,035
668

2,608
655
803
2,523
757

2,742
615
868
3,067
891

805
160
240
1,091
228

3,213
589
985
4,279
966

3,431
1,029
1,408
3,965
1,151

Total, Natural resources and environment .............................................

3,915

4,241

4,775

5,697

7,346

8,184

2,524

10,032

10,983

350 Agriculture:
351 Farm income stabilization ................................................................
352 Agricultural research and services ..................................................

3,651
639

4,553
706

4,099
755

1,458
772

2,160
876

2,249
921

743
240

5,735
1,052

10,228
1,129

Total, Agriculture .....................................................................................

4,290

5,259

4,854

2,230

3,036

3,170

983

6,787

11,357

370 Commerce and housing credit:
371 Mortgage credit ................................................................................
372 Postal Service ..................................................................................
373 Deposit insurance ............................................................................
376 Other advancement of commerce ...................................................

74
2,183
–383
492

550
1,772
–597
497

–399
1,567
–805
568

2,119
2,471
–611
726

5,463
2,989
511
984

4,336
2,805
–573
1,051

562
212
–63
221

2,609
2,094
–2,788
1,178

4,553
1,282
–988
1,406

Total, Commerce and housing credit .....................................................

2,366

2,222

931

4,705

9,947

7,619

931

3,093

6,254

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

52

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

050 National defense:
051 Department of Defense—Military:
Military Personnel ...................................................................................................
Operation and Maintenance ...................................................................................
Procurement ...........................................................................................................
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .....................................................
Military Construction ...............................................................................................
Family Housing .......................................................................................................
Other .......................................................................................................................

37,345
36,440
25,404
11,152
2,080
1,468
–284

40,897
44,788
29,021
13,127
2,450
1,680
–1,050

47,941
51,885
35,191
15,278
2,458
1,721
–605

55,170
59,695
43,271
17,729
2,922
1,993
–65

60,886
64,932
53,624
20,554
3,524
2,126
–1,236

64,158
67,388
61,879
23,117
3,706
2,413
–1,732

67,842
72,371
70,381
27,103
4,260
2,642
553

71,511
75,288
76,517
32,283
5,067
2,819
1,995

051 Subtotal, Department of Defense—Military ........................................................
053 Atomic energy defense activities ........................................................................
054 Defense-related activities ....................................................................................

113,605
2,541
196

130,912
2,878
206

153,868
3,398
246

180,714
4,309
286

204,410
5,171
322

220,928
6,120
365

245,154
7,098
495

265,480
7,445
450

Total, National defense ...............................................................................................

116,342

133,995

157,513

185,309

209,903

227,413

252,748

273,375

150 International affairs:
151 International development and humanitarian assistance ...................................
152 International security assistance .........................................................................
153 Conduct of foreign affairs ...................................................................................
154 Foreign information and exchange activities ......................................................
155 International financial programs ..........................................................................

2,910
3,655
1,310
465
–881

3,626
4,763
1,366
534
2,425

4,131
5,095
1,343
528
2,007

3,772
5,416
1,625
575
911

3,955
6,613
1,761
607
–1,089

4,478
7,924
1,872
691
910

5,409
9,391
2,043
805
–1,471

4,968
10,499
2,270
917
–4,501

Total, International affairs ...........................................................................................

7,459

12,714

13,104

12,300

11,848

15,876

16,176

14,152

250 General science, space and technology:
251 General science and basic research ..................................................................
252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ...............................................

1,298
3,937

1,381
4,451

1,477
4,992

1,607
5,593

1,644
6,290

1,849
6,469

2,019
6,607

2,221
6,756

Total, General science, space and technology .........................................................

5,235

5,832

6,469

7,200

7,935

8,317

8,627

8,976

270 Energy:
271 Energy supply ......................................................................................................
272 Energy conservation ............................................................................................
274 Emergency energy preparedness .......................................................................
276 Energy information, policy, and regulation .........................................................

7,165
252
1,021
742

8,367
569
342
878

10,202
730
3,280
955

8,263
516
3,877
871

6,143
477
1,855
878

3,255
527
2,518
787

2,615
491
1,838
740

2,839
515
597
785

Total, Energy ...............................................................................................................

9,180

10,156

15,166

13,527

9,353

7,086

5,685

4,735

300 Natural resources and environment:
301 Water resources ..................................................................................................
302 Conservation and land management ..................................................................
303 Recreational resources ........................................................................................
304 Pollution control and abatement .........................................................................
306 Other natural resources ......................................................................................

3,853
821
1,487
4,707
1,266

4,223
1,043
1,677
5,510
1,405

4,132
1,191
1,597
5,170
1,478

3,948
1,084
1,435
5,012
1,519

3,904
1,503
1,454
4,263
1,548

4,070
1,302
1,581
4,044
1,595

4,122
1,481
1,621
4,465
1,668

4,041
1,388
1,513
4,831
1,866

Total, Natural resources and environment ................................................................

12,135

13,858

13,568

12,998

12,672

12,593

13,357

13,639

350 Agriculture:
351 Farm income stabilization ...................................................................................
352 Agricultural research and services .....................................................................

9,895
1,340

7,441
1,398

9,783
1,540

14,344
1,599

21,323
1,578

11,877
1,736

23,751
1,813

29,608
1,841

Total, Agriculture .........................................................................................................

11,236

8,839

11,323

15,944

22,901

13,613

25,565

31,449

370 Commerce and housing credit:
371 Mortgage credit ....................................................................................................
372 Postal Service ......................................................................................................
373 Deposit insurance ................................................................................................
376 Other advancement of commerce ......................................................................

3,991
896
–1,745
1,545

5,887
1,246
–285
2,542

6,063
1,432
–1,371
2,083

6,056
154
–2,056
2,101

5,135
1,111
–1,253
1,688

4,382
1,239
–616
1,955

3,054
1,351
–2,198
2,130

934
758
1,394
1,973

Total, Commerce and housing credit .........................................................................

4,686

9,390

8,206

6,256

6,681

6,959

4,337

5,059

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

53

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

050 National defense:
051 Department of Defense—Military:
Military Personnel ...................................................................................................
Operation and Maintenance ...................................................................................
Procurement ...........................................................................................................
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .....................................................
Military Construction ...............................................................................................
Family Housing .......................................................................................................
Other .......................................................................................................................

72,020
76,205
80,744
33,596
5,853
2,908
2,640

76,337
84,475
77,166
34,792
5,874
3,082
210

80,676
87,001
81,620
37,002
5,275
3,257
50

75,622
88,340
80,972
37,458
5,080
3,501
–1,218

83,439
101,769
82,028
34,589
3,497
3,296
–46,229

81,171
91,989
74,881
34,632
4,262
3,271
–3,313

75,904
94,094
69,936
36,968
4,831
3,255
–6,428

73,137
87,929
61,769
34,762
4,979
3,316
2,729

051 Subtotal, Department of Defense—Military ........................................................
053 Atomic energy defense activities ........................................................................
054 Defense-related activities ....................................................................................

273,966
7,451
582

281,935
7,913
512

294,880
8,119
560

289,755
8,988
587

262,389
10,004
899

286,892
10,619
839

278,561
11,017
1,508

268,622
11,892
1,128

Total, National defense ...............................................................................................

281,999

290,361

303,559

299,331

273,292

298,350

291,086

281,642

150 International affairs:
151 International development and humanitarian assistance ...................................
152 International security assistance .........................................................................
153 Conduct of foreign affairs ...................................................................................
154 Foreign information and exchange activities ......................................................
155 International financial programs ..........................................................................

4,319
7,106
2,208
1,000
–2,985

4,703
4,500
2,729
1,051
–2,513

4,836
1,467
2,886
1,106
–722

5,498
8,652
3,050
1,103
–4,539

5,141
9,823
3,282
1,253
–3,648

6,133
7,490
3,894
1,280
–2,689

5,827
7,639
4,325
1,352
–1,896

7,049
6,642
4,557
1,398
–2,564

Total, International affairs ...........................................................................................

11,649

10,471

9,573

13,764

15,851

16,107

17,248

17,083

250 General science, space and technology:
251 General science and basic research ..................................................................
252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ...............................................

2,260
6,957

2,428
8,413

2,642
10,196

2,835
11,609

3,154
12,957

3,571
12,838

3,938
13,092

3,863
12,363

Total, General science, space and technology .........................................................

9,216

10,841

12,838

14,444

16,111

16,409

17,030

16,227

270 Energy:
271 Energy supply ......................................................................................................
272 Energy conservation ............................................................................................
274 Emergency energy preparedness .......................................................................
276 Energy information, policy, and regulation .........................................................

2,318
281
788
727

746
342
568
640

1,230
333
621
521

1,976
365
442
559

1,945
386
–235
340

3,226
468
319
486

3,286
521
336
176

3,899
582
275
462

Total, Energy ...............................................................................................................

4,115

2,297

2,706

3,341

2,436

4,500

4,319

5,219

300 Natural resources and environment:
301 Water resources ..................................................................................................
302 Conservation and land management ..................................................................
303 Recreational resources ........................................................................................
304 Pollution control and abatement .........................................................................
306 Other natural resources ......................................................................................

3,783
1,473
1,564
4,869
1,675

4,034
2,189
1,673
4,832
1,878

4,271
3,324
1,817
4,878
1,890

4,401
3,553
1,876
5,170
2,080

4,366
4,047
2,137
5,861
2,148

4,559
4,581
2,378
6,075
2,432

4,258
4,777
2,620
6,061
2,522

4,528
5,161
2,619
6,050
2,706

Total, Natural resources and environment ................................................................

13,363

14,606

16,182

17,080

18,559

20,025

20,239

21,064

350 Agriculture:
351 Farm income stabilization ...................................................................................
352 Agricultural research and services .....................................................................

24,742
1,864

15,246
1,964

14,817
2,102

9,761
2,197

12,924
2,259

12,666
2,539

17,720
2,643

12,350
2,695

Total, Agriculture .........................................................................................................

26,606

17,210

16,919

11,958

15,183

15,205

20,363

15,046

370 Commerce and housing credit:
371 Mortgage credit ....................................................................................................
–67
4,992
372 Postal Service ......................................................................................................
1,593
2,229
(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(1,593)
(2,229)
(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. .................. ..................
373 Deposit insurance ................................................................................................
3,106
10,020
376 Other advancement of commerce ......................................................................
1,803
1,922

4,978
127
(436)
(–310)
21,996
2,608

3,845
2,116
(490)
(1,626)
57,891
3,748

5,362
1,828
(511)
(1,317)
66,232
2,848

4,320
1,169
(511)
(659)
2,518
2,911

1,554
1,602
(161)
(1,441)
–27,957
2,949

–501
1,233
(130)
(1,103)
–7,570
2,609

19,164

29,710

67,600

76,271

10,919

–21,853

–4,228

(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(6,435) (19,164)
(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. .................. ..................

(30,019)
(–310)

(65,974)
(1,626)

(74,953)
(1,317)

(10,260) (–23,294)
(659)
(1,441)

(–5,331)
(1,103)

Total, Commerce and housing credit .........................................................................

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

6,435

54

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

66,669
88,759
48,913
36,494
6,683
3,828
1,841

70,053
92,143
45,575
36,034
6,568
4,352
–453

69,346
92,579
43,142
34,645
5,593
3,928
–1,741

69,839
91,641
44,647
35,152
5,171
3,881
–1,063

73,865
91,558
47,616
33,960
4,512
3,885
–237

70,285
93,095
51,641
33,158
4,258
3,922
–186

74,769
91,917
55,399
33,552
3,860
3,880
–2,027

259,442
11,777
847

253,187
11,639
922

254,272
11,939
965

247,492
10,902
994

249,268
11,101
1,050

255,159
10,963
1,072

256,173
10,785
1,083

261,350
10,771
1,073

Total, National defense ...............................................................................................

272,066

265,748

267,176

259,388

261,419

267,194

268,041

273,194

150 International affairs:
151 International development and humanitarian assistance ...................................
152 International security assistance .........................................................................
153 Conduct of foreign affairs ...................................................................................
154 Foreign information and exchange activities ......................................................
155 International financial programs ..........................................................................

7,599
5,252
4,192
1,417
–2,026

6,160
4,565
3,761
1,187
–2,177

6,498
5,080
4,060
1,165
–1,981

6,086
5,407
4,153
1,138
–1,879

5,835
5,663
4,939
1,087
–1,621

6,036
5,688
3,995
1,076
–1,562

6,028
5,607
4,028
1,072
–1,462

6,162
5,624
4,029
1,071
–1,390

Total, International affairs ...........................................................................................

16,434

13,496

14,822

14,905

15,903

15,233

15,273

15,496

250 General science, space and technology:
251 General science and basic research ..................................................................
252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ...............................................

4,131
12,593

4,016
12,693

4,203
12,348

4,179
12,309

4,295
12,127

4,328
11,858

4,340
11,742

4,349
11,747

Total, General science, space and technology .........................................................

16,724

16,709

16,551

16,488

16,422

16,186

16,082

16,096

270 Energy:
271 Energy supply ......................................................................................................
272 Energy conservation ............................................................................................
274 Emergency energy preparedness .......................................................................
276 Energy information, policy, and regulation .........................................................

3,584
671
223
458

1,646
624
141
425

1,220
565
31
237

1,277
589
226
187

242
668
201
188

993
690
177
185

613
689
147
184

–262
689
–1,014
184

Total, Energy ...............................................................................................................

4,936

2,836

2,053

2,279

1,299

2,045

1,633

–403

300 Natural resources and environment:
301 Water resources ..................................................................................................
302 Conservation and land management ..................................................................
303 Recreational resources ........................................................................................
304 Pollution control and abatement .........................................................................
306 Other natural resources ......................................................................................

4,791
5,318
2,801
6,512
2,656

4,617
5,396
2,673
6,180
2,748

5,008
5,920
2,746
6,448
2,651

4,196
5,592
2,885
6,865
2,776

4,297
5,303
2,897
7,308
2,829

4,275
5,428
2,940
7,548
2,895

4,233
5,515
3,008
7,626
2,793

4,112
5,467
3,076
7,499
2,802

Total, Natural resources and environment ................................................................

22,078

21,614

22,773

22,314

22,634

23,086

23,175

22,956

350 Agriculture:
351 Farm income stabilization ...................................................................................
352 Agricultural research and services .....................................................................

7,020
2,758

6,477
2,682

7,474
2,778

9,447
2,894

8,878
2,892

8,327
2,865

7,201
2,820

6,994
2,799

Total, Agriculture .........................................................................................................

9,778

9,159

10,252

12,341

11,770

11,192

10,021

9,793

370 Commerce and housing credit:
371 Mortgage credit ....................................................................................................
372 Postal Service ......................................................................................................
(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .............................................................................................................
373 Deposit insurance ................................................................................................
376 Other advancement of commerce ......................................................................

–1,038
–1,839
(130)
(–1,969)
–17,827
2,896

–4,753
–504
(122)
(–626)
–8,394
3,005

–3,220
2,097
(121)
(1,976)
–12,056
4,371

–1,617
4,180
(86)
(4,094)
–4,000
4,796

–1,607
937
(85)
(852)
–1,998
8,991

–1,933
–84
(87)
(–171)
–1,139
15,756

–3,991
–1,672
(88)
(–1,760)
–1,554
14,524

–4,326
–1,255
(88)
(–1,343)
–1,451
15,087

Total, Commerce and housing credit .........................................................................

–17,808

–10,646

–8,808

3,359

6,323

12,600

7,307

8,055

(–15,839) (–10,020) (–10,784)
(–1,969)
(–626)
(1,976)

(–735)
(4,094)

(5,471)
(852)

(12,771)
(–171)

(9,067)
(–1,760)

(9,398)
(–1,343)

Function and Subfunction

1995

1996

050 National defense:
051 Department of Defense—Military:
Military Personnel ...................................................................................................
Operation and Maintenance ...................................................................................
Procurement ...........................................................................................................
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation .....................................................
Military Construction ...............................................................................................
Family Housing .......................................................................................................
Other .......................................................................................................................

70,809
91,078
54,982
34,594
6,823
3,571
–2,415

051 Subtotal, Department of Defense—Military ........................................................
053 Atomic energy defense activities ........................................................................
054 Defense-related activities ....................................................................................

(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .............................................................................................................
On-budget unless otherwise stated.

55

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1962

1963

1964

1965

400 Transportation:
401 Ground transportation ......................................................................
2,855
3,090
3,715
4,105
402 Air transportation ..............................................................................
818
851
882
941
403 Water transportation ........................................................................
617
655
646
717
407 Other transportation ......................................................................... .................. .................. .................. ..................

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

4,072
961
695
3

4,139
1,042
749
6

4,378
1,084
841
13

4,443
1,206
857
21

4,678
1,408
895
26

Total, Transportation ...............................................................................

4,290

4,596

5,242

5,763

5,730

5,936

6,316

6,526

7,008

450 Community and regional development:
451 Community development .................................................................
452 Area and regional development ......................................................
453 Disaster relief and insurance ...........................................................

266
179
23

233
307
34

316
592
25

413
648
53

423
448
234

580
450
78

649
613
120

833
679
40

1,449
685
257

Total, Community and regional development .........................................

469

574

933

1,114

1,105

1,108

1,382

1,552

2,392

500 Education, training, employment, and social services:
501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education .........................
502 Higher education ..............................................................................
503 Research and general education aids ............................................
504 Training and employment ................................................................
505 Other labor services ........................................................................
506 Social services .................................................................................

482
328
58
189
74
110

553
426
55
203
84
137

579
382
62
291
72
169

719
413
92
528
97
291

1,627
706
122
983
101
823

2,310
1,161
156
1,233
107
1,486

2,516
1,394
240
1,582
112
1,791

2,470
1,234
210
1,560
122
1,952

2,893
1,387
355
1,602
135
2,263

Total, Education, training, employment, and social services ................

1,241

1,458

1,555

2,140

4,363

6,453

7,634

7,548

8,634

550 Health:
551 Health care services ........................................................................
552 Health research and training ...........................................................
554 Consumer and occupational health and safety ..............................

528
580
89

623
722
106

740
925
123

881
780
130

1,486
918
138

2,004
1,184
163

2,694
1,517
179

3,360
1,599
203

3,993
1,688
226

Total, Health ............................................................................................

1,198

1,451

1,788

1,791

2,543

3,351

4,390

5,162

5,907

570 Medicare:
571 Medicare ........................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. ..................

64

2,748

4,649

5,695

6,213

600 Income security:
601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ...................................................................................................
602 Federal employee retirement and disability ....................................
603 Unemployment compensation ..........................................................
604 Housing assistance ..........................................................................
605 Food and nutrition assistance .........................................................
609 Other income security ......................................................................

661
1,959
3,809
165
275
2,338

632
2,240
3,344
179
284
2,633

682
2,554
3,178
150
308
2,785

668
2,865
2,577
231
299
2,828

736
3,326
2,215
238
363
2,799

731
3,802
2,263
271
418
2,776

944
4,285
2,527
312
505
3,243

1,035
4,782
2,577
383
587
3,712

1,032
5,545
3,359
499
960
4,260

Total, Income security .............................................................................

9,207

9,311

9,657

9,469

9,678

10,261

11,816

13,076

15,655

650 Social security:
651 Social security ..................................................................................

14,365

15,788

16,620

17,460

20,694

21,725

23,854

27,298

30,270

(On-budget) ......................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
(Off-budget) .........................................................................................
(14,365) (15,788) (16,620) (17,460) (20,694)

(94)
(21,631)

(94)
(23,760)

(414)
(26,885)

(458)
(29,812)

700 Veterans benefits and services:
701 Income security for veterans ...........................................................
702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation ...............................
703 Hospital and medical care for veterans ..........................................
704 Veterans housing .............................................................................
705 Other veterans benefits and services .............................................

3,968
159
1,084
236
172

4,206
101
1,145
–109
170

4,146
77
1,229
44
179

4,215
58
1,270
*
173

4,184
54
1,318
169
190

4,546
305
1,391
304
189

4,664
478
1,469
210
210

5,036
701
1,564
102
229

5,546
1,015
1,800
54
253

Total, Veterans benefits and services ....................................................

5,619

5,514

5,675

5,716

5,916

6,735

7,032

7,631

8,669

* $500 thousand or less.
On-budget unless otherwise stated.

56

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

TQ

1977

1978

400 Transportation:
401 Ground transportation ......................................................................
402 Air transportation ..............................................................................
403 Water transportation ........................................................................
407 Other transportation .........................................................................

5,182
1,807
1,027
37

5,356
1,907
1,094
36

5,641
2,159
1,211
56

5,583
2,216
1,316
57

7,027
2,387
1,430
74

9,602
2,531
1,542
65

2,336
578
415
28

10,226
2,786
1,741
76

10,431
3,243
1,787
61

Total, Transportation ...............................................................................

8,052

8,392

9,066

9,172

10,918

13,739

3,358

14,829

15,521

450 Community and regional development:
451 Community development .................................................................
452 Area and regional development ......................................................
453 Disaster relief and insurance ...........................................................

1,728
835
353

2,100
928
396

2,044
981
1,580

2,108
1,339
782

2,318
1,607
398

2,772
2,149
522

896
563
111

3,411
2,961
649

3,298
5,672
2,871

Total, Community and regional development .........................................

2,917

3,423

4,605

4,229

4,322

5,442

1,569

7,021

11,841

500 Education, training, employment, and social services:
501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education .........................
502 Higher education ..............................................................................
503 Research and general education aids ............................................
504 Training and employment ................................................................
505 Other labor services ........................................................................
506 Social services .................................................................................

3,333
1,435
295
1,952
157
2,677

3,686
1,448
319
2,894
184
3,998

3,573
1,534
429
3,283
202
3,724

3,573
1,451
621
2,910
219
3,683

4,349
2,182
790
4,063
259
4,380

4,200
2,813
783
6,288
301
4,526

1,074
744
180
1,912
83
1,176

4,638
3,200
894
6,877
374
5,122

5,186
3,710
1,033
10,784
410
5,588

Total, Education, training, employment, and social services ................

9,849

12,529

12,745

12,457

16,022

18,910

5,169

21,104

26,710

550 Health:
551 Health care services ........................................................................
552 Health research and training ...........................................................
554 Consumer and occupational health and safety ..............................

4,766
1,801
277

6,205
2,085
383

6,527
2,423
406

7,707
2,497
529

9,519
2,779
632

11,725
3,323
686

2,945
811
168

13,031
3,524
747

13,928
3,752
844

Total, Health ............................................................................................

6,843

8,674

9,356

10,733

12,930

15,734

3,924

17,302

18,524

570 Medicare:
571 Medicare ...........................................................................................

6,622

7,479

8,052

9,639

12,875

15,834

4,264

19,345

22,768

600 Income security:
601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ...................................................................................................
602 Federal employee retirement and disability ....................................
603 Unemployment compensation ..........................................................
604 Housing assistance ..........................................................................
605 Food and nutrition assistance .........................................................
609 Other income security ......................................................................

1,613
6,585
6,166
764
2,179
5,640

1,812
7,684
7,072
1,125
3,218
6,740

2,596
8,902
5,354
1,631
3,641
6,153

2,750
10,783
6,065
1,825
4,433
7,856

4,689
13,238
13,459
2,058
6,643
10,088

3,248
15,484
19,453
2,499
7,959
12,156

1,166
4,269
4,004
662
1,824
3,060

3,558
17,735
15,315
2,968
8,527
12,957

3,365
19,852
11,847
3,677
8,926
13,837

Total, Income security .............................................................................

22,946

27,650

28,276

33,713

50,176

60,799

14,985

61,060

61,505

650 Social security:
651 Social security ..................................................................................

35,872

40,157

49,090

55,867

64,658

73,899

19,763

85,061

93,861

(On-budget) .........................................................................................
(Off-budget) .........................................................................................

(465)
(35,408)

(538)
(39,620)

(526)
(48,565)

(494)
(55,373)

(499)
(64,159)

(515) ..................
(73,384) (19,763)

(717)
(84,344)

(741)
(93,120)

700 Veterans benefits and services:
701 Income security for veterans ...........................................................
702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation ...............................
703 Hospital and medical care for veterans ..........................................
704 Veterans housing .............................................................................
705 Other veterans benefits and services .............................................

5,966
1,659
2,036
–179
286

6,344
1,960
2,425
–317
308

6,533
2,801
2,711
–381
338

6,789
3,249
3,006
–15
345

7,860
4,593
3,665
24
442

8,350
5,531
4,046
–72
564

2,082
784
1,039
–50
106

9,216
3,710
4,708
–145
533

9,745
3,365
5,254
28
569

Total, Veterans benefits and services ....................................................

9,768

10,720

12,003

13,374

16,584

18,419

3,960

18,022

18,961

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

57

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

400 Transportation:
401 Ground transportation ..........................................................................................
402 Air transportation .................................................................................................
403 Water transportation ............................................................................................
407 Other transportation .............................................................................................

12,662
3,355
1,969
93

15,274
3,723
2,229
104

17,074
3,814
2,381
110

14,321
3,526
2,687
90

14,265
4,000
2,969
99

16,158
4,415
3,010
85

17,606
4,895
3,201
137

18,725
5,287
3,964
140

Total, Transportation ...................................................................................................

18,079

21,329

23,379

20,625

21,334

23,669

25,838

28,117

450 Community and regional development:
451 Community development .....................................................................................
452 Area and regional development ..........................................................................
453 Disaster relief and insurance ..............................................................................

4,000
4,868
1,611

4,907
4,303
2,043

5,070
3,818
1,680

4,608
3,841
–102

4,353
3,208
–1

4,520
3,034
119

4,598
3,117
–35

4,095
2,723
416

Total, Community and regional development ............................................................

10,480

11,252

10,568

8,347

7,560

7,673

7,680

7,233

500 Education, training, employment, and social services:
501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education .............................................
502 Higher education .................................................................................................
503 Research and general education aids ................................................................
504 Training and employment ...................................................................................
505 Other labor services ............................................................................................
506 Social services .....................................................................................................

6,123
5,030
1,157
10,833
488
6,593

6,893
6,723
1,212
10,345
551
6,119

7,099
8,767
1,170
9,241
587
6,844

6,722
7,116
1,210
5,464
589
5,928

6,258
7,184
1,154
5,295
599
6,117

6,483
7,318
1,331
4,644
639
7,165

7,598
8,156
1,229
4,972
678
6,710

7,802
8,359
1,266
5,257
672
7,229

Total, Education, training, employment, and social services ....................................

30,223

31,843

33,709

27,029

26,606

27,579

29,342

30,585

550 Health:
551 Health care services ...........................................................................................
552 Health research and training ..............................................................................
554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .................................................

15,988
3,607
899

18,003
4,161
1,006

21,205
4,615
1,047

21,786
4,618
1,041

23,008
4,552
1,081

24,522
4,767
1,129

26,984
5,376
1,182

28,850
5,921
1,165

Total, Health ................................................................................................................

20,494

23,169

26,866

27,445

28,641

30,417

33,542

35,936

570 Medicare:
571 Medicare ..............................................................................................................

26,495

32,090

39,149

46,567

52,588

57,540

65,822

70,164

600 Income security:
601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ...........
602 Federal employee retirement and disability .......................................................
603 Unemployment compensation .............................................................................
604 Housing assistance .............................................................................................
605 Food and nutrition assistance .............................................................................
609 Other income security .........................................................................................

4,373
22,676
10,813
4,367
10,787
13,361

5,083
26,611
18,051
5,632
14,016
17,163

5,439
31,296
19,656
7,752
16,205
19,394

5,571
34,345
23,728
8,738
15,581
19,774

5,581
36,530
31,464
9,998
17,952
21,096

5,441
38,080
18,421
11,270
18,055
21,427

5,617
38,621
17,475
25,263
18,540
22,715

5,330
41,392
17,753
12,383
18,602
24,364

Total, Income security ................................................................................................

66,376

86,557

99,742

107,737

122,621

112,694

128,230

119,824

650 Social security:
651 Social security .....................................................................................................

104,073

118,547

139,584

155,964

170,724

178,223

188,623

198,757

(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .............................................................................................................

(757)
(675)
(670)
(844) (19,993)
(7,056)
(5,189)
(8,072)
(103,316) (117,872) (138,914) (155,120) (150,731) (171,167) (183,434) (190,684)

700 Veterans benefits and services:
701 Income security for veterans ..............................................................................
702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation ..................................................
703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .............................................................
704 Veterans housing .................................................................................................
705 Other veterans benefits and services .................................................................

10,780
2,760
5,611
154
609

11,688
2,342
6,515
–23
648

12,909
2,254
6,965
201
643

13,710
1,947
7,517
102
662

14,250
1,625
8,272
3
673

14,400
1,359
8,861
244
725

14,714
1,059
9,547
214
728

15,031
526
9,872
114
784

Total, Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................

19,914

21,169

22,973

23,938

24,824

25,588

26,262

26,327

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

58

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

400 Transportation:
401 Ground transportation ..........................................................................................
402 Air transportation .................................................................................................
403 Water transportation ............................................................................................
407 Other transportation .............................................................................................

17,150
5,520
3,461
91

18,148
5,897
3,111
116

17,946
6,622
2,916
124

18,954
7,234
3,151
146

19,545
8,184
3,148
223

20,347
9,313
3,429
244

21,251
10,049
3,423
281

23,940
10,146
3,648
333

Total, Transportation ...................................................................................................

26,222

27,272

27,608

29,485

31,099

33,332

35,004

38,066

450 Community and regional development:
451 Community development .....................................................................................
452 Area and regional development ..........................................................................
453 Disaster relief and insurance ..............................................................................

3,680
1,599
–229

3,449
2,075
–230

3,693
1,894
–226

3,530
2,868
2,100

3,543
2,743
525

3,643
2,315
881

3,681
2,443
2,928

4,133
2,166
4,156

Total, Community and regional development ............................................................

5,051

5,294

5,362

8,498

6,811

6,838

9,052

10,454

500 Education, training, employment, and social services:
501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education .............................................
502 Higher education .................................................................................................
503 Research and general education aids ................................................................
504 Training and employment ...................................................................................
505 Other labor services ............................................................................................
506 Social services .....................................................................................................

7,869
7,361
1,360
5,084
675
7,376

8,377
8,244
1,370
5,215
739
7,992

9,150
10,584
1,509
5,292
786
9,354

9,918
11,107
1,577
5,619
810
9,723

11,372
11,961
1,773
5,934
788
11,526

12,402
11,268
1,996
6,479
884
12,219

13,481
14,483
2,040
6,700
948
12,360

14,258
7,876
2,086
7,097
958
14,031

Total, Education, training, employment, and social services ....................................

29,724

31,938

36,674

38,755

43,354

45,248

50,012

46,307

550 Health:
551 Health care services ...........................................................................................
552 Health research and training ..............................................................................
554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .................................................

32,615
6,156
1,197

36,016
7,186
1,285

39,164
7,870
1,356

47,642
8,611
1,462

60,723
8,899
1,560

77,719
10,021
1,757

86,860
10,794
1,762

94,259
11,000
1,863

Total, Health ................................................................................................................

39,967

44,487

48,390

57,716

71,183

89,497

99,415

107,122

570 Medicare:
571 Medicare ..............................................................................................................

75,120

78,878

84,964

98,102

104,489

119,024

130,552

144,747

600 Income security:
601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ...........
602 Federal employee retirement and disability .......................................................
603 Unemployment compensation .............................................................................
604 Housing assistance .............................................................................................
605 Food and nutrition assistance .............................................................................
609 Other income security .........................................................................................

5,565
43,777
17,080
12,656
18,940
25,264

5,294
46,922
15,271
13,906
20,083
27,899

5,650
49,186
15,616
14,715
21,192
29,706

5,148
52,037
18,889
15,891
23,964
31,146

4,945
56,150
27,084
17,175
28,481
36,485

5,483
57,647
39,466
18,904
32,622
42,901

4,347
60,095
37,802
21,542
35,148
48,366

5,720
62,544
28,729
23,884
36,773
56,439

Total, Income security ................................................................................................

123,282

129,374

136,066

147,076

170,320

197,022

207,299

214,089

650 Social security:
651 Social security .....................................................................................................

207,353

219,341

232,542

248,623

269,015

287,585

304,585

319,565

(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .............................................................................................................

(4,930)
(4,852)
(5,069)
(3,625)
(2,619)
(6,166)
(6,236)
(5,683)
(202,422) (214,489) (227,473) (244,998) (266,395) (281,418) (298,349) (313,881)

700 Veterans benefits and services:
701 Income security for veterans ..............................................................................
702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation ..................................................
703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .............................................................
704 Veterans housing .................................................................................................
705 Other veterans benefits and services .................................................................

14,962
454
10,266
330
737

15,963
454
10,842
1,292
834

16,544
459
11,343
878
808

15,241
278
12,134
517
888

16,961
427
12,889
85
943

17,296
783
14,091
901
992

17,758
826
14,812
1,299
976

19,613
1,115
15,678
197
982

Total, Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................

26,750

29,386

30,031

29,058

31,305

34,064

35,671

37,585

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

59

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

25,650
10,135
3,460
320

25,591
9,929
3,418
324

25,457
10,139
3,460
203

25,310
10,181
3,692
201

25,039
10,317
3,759
202

24,920
10,501
3,742
202

24,919
10,815
3,768
–338

39,350

39,565

39,262

39,259

39,384

39,317

39,365

39,164

450 Community and regional development:
451 Community development .....................................................................................
452 Area and regional development ..........................................................................
453 Disaster relief and insurance ..............................................................................

4,744
2,615
3,282

4,860
2,667
3,158

5,611
2,968
4,173

5,115
2,800
3,520

5,268
2,926
3,206

5,093
2,816
1,737

4,898
2,719
748

4,688
2,535
727

Total, Community and regional development ............................................................

10,641

10,685

12,752

11,435

11,400

9,646

8,365

7,950

500 Education, training, employment, and social services:
501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education .............................................
502 Higher education .................................................................................................
503 Research and general education aids ................................................................
504 Training and employment ...................................................................................
505 Other labor services ............................................................................................
506 Social services .....................................................................................................

14,694
14,172
2,120
7,430
965
14,882

14,871
12,191
2,215
7,030
925
14,769

16,215
9,154
2,283
6,835
1,004
15,800

17,718
11,361
2,378
7,226
1,053
16,468

19,777
13,403
2,388
7,597
1,052
17,475

20,034
13,692
2,466
7,750
1,054
18,247

20,392
13,840
2,499
7,221
1,054
18,849

19,470
13,194
2,526
6,928
1,053
19,582

Total, Education, training, employment, and social services ....................................

54,263

52,001

51,291

56,204

61,692

63,243

63,855

62,753

550 Health:
551 Health care services ...........................................................................................
552 Health research and training ..............................................................................
554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .................................................

101,931
11,569
1,918

106,622
10,827
1,929

112,822
12,741
2,067

123,012
13,330
1,899

129,676
13,543
1,876

136,507
13,611
1,876

144,100
13,630
1,875

149,736
13,667
1,875

Total, Health ................................................................................................................

115,418

119,378

127,630

138,241

145,095

151,994

159,605

165,278

570 Medicare:
571 Medicare ..............................................................................................................

159,855

174,225

194,256

207,084

219,552

229,321

245,981

263,237

600 Income security:
601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ...........
602 Federal employee retirement and disability .......................................................
603 Unemployment compensation .............................................................................
604 Housing assistance .............................................................................................
605 Food and nutrition assistance .............................................................................
609 Other income security .........................................................................................

5,106
65,882
23,638
27,520
37,594
60,753

5,234
68,093
24,898
26,754
37,933
63,077

4,631
71,214
25,117
29,046
37,995
70,852

4,620
73,984
27,127
29,401
39,267
73,100

4,591
77,246
28,508
29,432
40,693
75,927

4,898
80,435
29,518
29,306
42,054
79,943

5,028
83,477
30,621
29,384
43,327
77,490

4,890
86,836
31,675
29,487
45,258
81,826

Total, Income security ................................................................................................

220,493

225,989

238,855

247,499

256,397

266,154

269,327

279,972

650 Social security:
651 Social security .....................................................................................................

335,846

349,676

367,713

384,338

401,989

421,061

441,223

462,957

Function and Subfunction

1995

1996

400 Transportation:
401 Ground transportation ..........................................................................................
402 Air transportation .................................................................................................
403 Water transportation ............................................................................................
407 Other transportation .............................................................................................

25,297
10,020
3,732
301

Total, Transportation ...................................................................................................

(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .............................................................................................................

(5,476)
(5,807)
(6,944)
(7,626)
(8,112)
(8,677)
(8,730)
(9,932)
(330,370) (343,869) (360,769) (376,712) (393,877) (412,384) (432,493) (453,025)

700 Veterans benefits and services:
701 Income security for veterans ..............................................................................
702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation ..................................................
703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .............................................................
704 Veterans housing .................................................................................................
705 Other veterans benefits and services .................................................................

18,966
1,124
16,428
329
1,043

18,201
1,114
16,586
66
1,018

20,540
1,079
17,487
–517
1,061

21,164
1,220
17,472
70
1,045

21,787
1,250
17,614
228
1,056

23,720
1,251
17,595
241
1,097

21,082
1,283
17,556
249
1,074

23,251
1,305
17,541
269
1,042

Total, Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................

37,890

36,985

39,650

40,971

41,935

43,904

41,244

43,408

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

60

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1962

1963

1964

1965

750 Administration of justice:
751 Federal law enforcement activities ..................................................
269
288
306
333
752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ............................................
111
124
131
146
753 Federal correctional activities ..........................................................
49
53
53
57
754 Criminal justice assistance .............................................................. .................. .................. .................. ..................

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

355
153
55
1

389
165
58
6

409
178
63
8

470
202
65
29

570
245
79
65

Total, Administration of justice ................................................................

429

465

489

535

563

618

659

766

959

800 General government:
801 Legislative functions .........................................................................
802 Executive direction and management .............................................
803 Central fiscal operations ..................................................................
804 General property and records management ...................................
805 Central personnel management ......................................................
806 General purpose fiscal assistance ..................................................
808 Other general government ...............................................................
809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ....................................................

178
12
492
403
22
212
28
–299

176
13
542
439
22
232
63
–257

174
15
607
532
23
241
150
–224

189
17
636
624
23
238
39
–266

208
17
671
575
25
268
79
–241

218
19
725
646
19
305
101
–314

237
21
745
497
37
339
126
–245

254
25
790
543
38
430
40
–181

303
30
914
551
44
535
121
–177

Total, General government .....................................................................

1,049

1,230

1,518

1,499

1,603

1,719

1,757

1,939

2,320

900 Net interest:
901 Interest on the public debt ..............................................................
902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds .....................................
903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds .....................................
908 Other interest ...................................................................................

9,120
–824
–609
–797

9,895
–895
–582
–678

10,666
–1,006
–607
–855

11,346
–1,121
–648
–986

12,014
–1,259
–642
–727

13,391
–1,492
–792
–839

14,573
–1,689
–979
–816

16,588
–1,953
–1,149
–788

19,304
–2,367
–1,568
–989

Total, Net interest ....................................................................................

6,889

7,740

8,199

8,591

9,386

10,268

11,090

12,699

14,380

(On-budget) .........................................................................................
(Off-budget) .........................................................................................

(7,498)
(–609)

(8,322)
(–582)

(8,805)
(–607)

(9,239)
(–648)

(10,028)
(–642)

(11,060)
(–792)

(12,069)
(–979)

(13,848)
(–1,149)

(15,948)
(–1,568)

950 Undistributed offsetting receipts:
951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ........................
952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ........................
953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ......................

–5,042
–221
–12

–5,188
–242
–367

–5,413
–279
–16

–5,572
–282
–53

–5,957
–337
–248

–6,242
–415
–637

–6,639
–445
–961

–7,026
–532
–428

–7,808
–637
–187

Total, Undistributed offsetting receipts ...................................................

–5,274

–5,797

–5,708

–5,908

–6,542

–7,294

–8,045

–7,986

–8,632

(On-budget) .........................................................................................
(Off-budget) .........................................................................................

(–5,053)
(–221)

(–5,555)
(–242)

(–5,429)
(–279)

(–5,626)
(–282)

(–6,205)
(–337)

(–6,879)
(–415)

(–7,600)
(–445)

(–7,454)
(–532)

(–7,995)
(–637)

Total outlays ...............................................................................................

106,821

111,316

118,528

118,228

134,532

157,464

178,134

183,640

195,649

(On-budget) .........................................................................................
(Off-budget) .........................................................................................

(93,286)
(13,535)

(96,352) (102,794) (101,699) (114,817) (137,040) (155,798) (158,436) (168,042)
(14,964) (15,734) (16,529) (19,715) (20,424) (22,336) (25,204) (27,607)

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

61

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

TQ

1977

1978

750 Administration of justice:
751 Federal law enforcement activities ..................................................
752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ............................................
753 Federal correctional activities ..........................................................
754 Criminal justice assistance ..............................................................

693
287
94
233

812
347
115
380

987
390
140
624

1,094
426
179
770

1,352
550
200
853

1,502
697
208
921

408
213
57
213

1,676
842
240
847

1,834
943
307
729

Total, Administration of justice ................................................................

1,306

1,653

2,141

2,470

2,955

3,328

891

3,605

3,813

800 General government:
801 Legislative functions .........................................................................
802 Executive direction and management .............................................
803 Central fiscal operations ..................................................................
804 General property and records management ...................................
805 Central personnel management ......................................................
806 General purpose fiscal assistance ..................................................
808 Other general government ...............................................................
809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ....................................................

342
38
991
573
51
535
126
–214

404
59
1,155
680
57
672
173
–241

438
71
1,182
818
66
7,350
157
–309

521
117
1,299
968
74
6,888
363
–198

593
63
1,888
429
88
7,184
424
–261

678
68
1,507
84
107
7,232
393
–322

183
16
364
57
25
3,173
227
–150

849
76
1,872
175
100
9,569
448
–256

909
73
1,999
304
129
8,442
448
–289

Total, General government .....................................................................

2,442

2,960

9,774

10,032

10,408

9,747

3,895

12,833

12,015

900 Net interest:
901 Interest on the public debt ..............................................................
902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds .....................................
903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds .....................................
908 Other interest ...................................................................................

20,959
–2,820
–1,942
–1,356

21,849
–2,983
–2,106
–1,282

24,167
–3,156
–2,280
–1,382

29,319
–4,064
–2,520
–1,286

32,665
–4,861
–2,803
–1,756

37,076
–4,988
–2,812
–2,549

8,104
–177
–93
–885

41,915
–5,488
–2,650
–3,875

48,712
–6,128
–2,403
–4,724

Total, Net interest ....................................................................................

14,841

15,478

17,349

21,449

23,244

26,727

6,949

29,901

35,458

(On-budget) .........................................................................................
(Off-budget) .........................................................................................

(16,783)
(–1,942)

(17,584)
(–2,106)

(19,629)
(–2,280)

(23,969)
(–2,520)

(26,047)
(–2,803)

(29,539)
(–2,812)

(7,042)
(–93)

(32,551)
(–2,650)

(37,861)
(–2,403)

950 Undistributed offsetting receipts:
951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ........................
952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ........................
953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ......................

–8,417
–640
–1,051

–8,646
–657
–279

–8,759
–695
–3,956

–9,236
–764
–6,748

–10,258
–916
–2,428

–10,761
–963
–2,662

–2,646
–249
–1,311

–11,528
–977
–2,374

–12,401
–1,060
–2,259

Total, Undistributed offsetting receipts ...................................................

–10,107

–9,583

–13,409

–16,749

–13,602

–14,386

–4,206

–14,879

–15,720

(On-budget) .........................................................................................
(Off-budget) .........................................................................................

(–9,467)
(–640)

(–8,926) (–12,714) (–15,985) (–12,686) (–13,423)
(–657)
(–695)
(–764)
(–916)
(–963)

(–3,957) (–13,902) (–14,660)
(–249)
(–977) (–1,060)

Total outlays ...............................................................................................

210,172

230,681

95,975

(On-budget) .........................................................................................
(Off-budget) .........................................................................................
On-budget unless otherwise stated.

245,707

269,359

332,332

371,792

(177,346) (193,824) (200,118) (217,270) (271,892) (302,183)
(32,826) (36,857) (45,589) (52,089) (60,440) (69,609)

409,218

458,746

(76,555) (328,502) (369,089)
(19,421) (80,716) (89,657)

62

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

750 Administration of justice:
751 Federal law enforcement activities .....................................................................
752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ...............................................................
753 Federal correctional activities .............................................................................
754 Criminal justice assistance ..................................................................................

1,996
1,130
337
710

2,239
1,347
342
656

2,443
1,491
361
473

2,537
1,517
364
294

2,892
1,627
418
167

3,209
1,825
494
136

3,520
2,064
537
150

3,601
2,176
614
181

Total, Administration of justice ...................................................................................

4,173

4,584

4,769

4,712

5,105

5,663

6,270

6,572

800 General government:
801 Legislative functions ............................................................................................
802 Executive direction and management ................................................................
803 Central fiscal operations .....................................................................................
804 General property and records management ......................................................
805 Central personnel management ..........................................................................
806 General purpose fiscal assistance ......................................................................
808 Other general government ..................................................................................
809 Deductions for offsetting receipts .......................................................................

921
81
2,170
299
127
8,369
523
–198

1,038
97
2,612
327
154
8,582
569
–351

1,041
100
2,610
144
159
6,854
745
–222

1,181
96
2,585
238
136
6,390
504
–216

1,196
96
3,048
196
115
6,452
768
–636

1,319
97
3,250
201
139
6,768
557
–513

1,355
113
3,492
96
164
6,353
521
–506

1,383
109
3,636
475
126
6,431
482
–78

Total, General government .........................................................................................

12,293

13,028

11,429

10,914

11,235

11,817

11,588

12,564

900 Net interest:
901 Interest on the public debt ..................................................................................
902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ........................................................
903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ........................................................
908 Other interest .......................................................................................................

59,858
–7,727
–2,224
–7,271

74,808
–9,707
–2,339
–10,224

95,543
–11,523
–2,288
–12,958

117,239
–13,995
–2,071
–16,129

128,673
–15,257
–1,845
–21,743

153,887
–17,044
–3,310
–22,410

178,898
–21,838
–4,118
–23,438

190,303
–26,628
–4,329
–23,298

Total, Net interest .......................................................................................................

42,636

52,538

68,774

85,044

89,828

111,123

129,504

136,047

(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .............................................................................................................

(44,860)
(–2,224)

(54,877)
(–2,339)

(71,062)
(–2,288)

(87,114)
(–2,071)

(91,673) (114,432) (133,622) (140,377)
(–1,845) (–3,310) (–4,118) (–4,329)

950 Undistributed offsetting receipts:
951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ............................................
952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ............................................
953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ..........................................

–13,095
–1,114
–3,267

–14,638
–1,204
–4,101

–16,473
–1,430
–10,138

–18,203
–1,646
–6,250

–21,706
–1,778
–10,491

–23,219
–2,044
–6,694

–24,648
–2,509
–5,542

–25,434
–2,857
–4,716

Total, Undistributed offsetting receipts .......................................................................

–17,476

–19,942

–28,041

–26,099

–33,976

–31,957

–32,698

–33,007

(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .............................................................................................................
Total outlays ..................................................................................................................
(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .............................................................................................................
On-budget unless otherwise stated.

(–16,362) (–18,738) (–26,611) (–24,453) (–32,198) (–29,913) (–30,189) (–30,150)
(–1,114) (–1,204) (–1,430) (–1,646) (–1,778) (–2,044) (–2,509) (–2,857)
504,032

590,947

678,249

745,755

808,380

851,888

946,499

990,505

(404,054) (476,618) (543,053) (594,351) (661,272) (686,074) (769,692) (807,007)
(99,978) (114,329) (135,196) (151,404) (147,108) (165,813) (176,807) (183,498)

63

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

750 Administration of justice:
751 Federal law enforcement activities .....................................................................
752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ...............................................................
753 Federal correctional activities .............................................................................
754 Criminal justice assistance ..................................................................................

4,110
2,482
711
250

5,075
2,880
930
352

4,719
3,255
1,044
455

4,648
3,577
1,291
477

5,661
4,352
1,600
663

6,462
5,054
2,114
795

6,674
5,336
2,124
822

6,624
5,470
2,315
847

Total, Administration of justice ...................................................................................

7,553

9,236

9,474

9,993

12,276

14,426

14,955

15,256

800 General government:
801 Legislative functions ............................................................................................
802 Executive direction and management ................................................................
803 Central fiscal operations .....................................................................................
804 General property and records management ......................................................
805 Central personnel management ..........................................................................
806 General purpose fiscal assistance ......................................................................
808 Other general government ..................................................................................
809 Deductions for offsetting receipts .......................................................................

1,444
111
3,913
146
143
1,621
810
–623

1,599
123
4,795
–182
113
1,816
1,894
–694

1,652
129
5,517
–396
139
2,061
809
–893

1,763
160
6,004
31
184
2,161
792
–361

1,916
190
6,097
657
141
2,100
1,277
–718

2,124
188
6,612
692
214
1,865
1,775
–480

2,124
197
6,976
1,005
190
1,935
1,321
–739

2,042
244
7,417
590
210
1,899
987
–2,087

Total, General government .........................................................................................

7,565

9,464

9,017

10,734

11,661

12,990

13,009

11,303

900 Net interest:
901 Interest on the public debt ..................................................................................
902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ........................................................
903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ........................................................
908 Other interest .......................................................................................................

195,283
–29,614
–5,290
–21,727

214,081
–34,406
–7,416
–20,422

240,882
–40,467
–11,395
–19,755

264,724
–46,321
–15,991
–18,191

285,455
–50,426
–20,222
–20,266

292,323
–54,193
–23,637
–15,071

292,502
–55,537
–26,788
–11,367

296,278
–56,494
–29,203
–7,623

Total, Net interest .......................................................................................................

138,652

151,838

169,266

184,221

194,541

199,421

198,811

202,957

(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .............................................................................................................

(143,942) (159,253) (180,661) (200,212) (214,763) (223,059) (225,599) (232,160)
(–5,290) (–7,416) (–11,395) (–15,991) (–20,222) (–23,637) (–26,788) (–29,203)

950 Undistributed offsetting receipts:
951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ............................................
952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ............................................
953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ..........................................
954 Sale of major assets ...........................................................................................

–27,259 –29,037 –29,425 –28,044 –30,402 –30,680 –28,186 –28,361
–3,300
–4,382
–4,858
–5,567
–5,804
–6,101
–6,416
–6,409
–4,021
–3,548
–2,929
–3,004
–3,150
–2,498
–2,785
–3,001
–1,875 .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................

Total, Undistributed offsetting receipts .......................................................................
(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .............................................................................................................

–36,455

–36,967

–37,212

–36,615

–39,356

–39,280

–37,386

–37,772

(–33,155) (–32,585) (–32,354) (–31,048) (–33,553) (–33,179) (–30,970) (–31,362)
(–3,300) (–4,382) (–4,858) (–5,567) (–5,804) (–6,101) (–6,416) (–6,409)

Total outlays .................................................................................................................. 1,004,164 1,064,489 1,143,671 1,253,163 1,324,400 1,381,681 1,409,414 1,461,731
(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .............................................................................................................
On-budget unless otherwise stated.

(810,332) (861,798) (932,760) (1,028,098) (1,082,713) (1,129,343) (1,142,827) (1,182,359)
(193,832) (202,691) (210,911) (225,065) (241,687) (252,339) (266,587) (279,372)

64

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 3.2—OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1995

1996

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

750 Administration of justice:
751 Federal law enforcement activities .....................................................................
752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ...............................................................
753 Federal correctional activities .............................................................................
754 Criminal justice assistance ..................................................................................

6,384
6,116
2,749
967

7,022
6,067
3,013
1,446

8,520
6,674
3,104
2,486

9,315
7,007
3,287
4,619

9,132
7,295
3,701
5,808

9,193
7,460
3,651
6,129

9,237
7,636
3,589
5,588

9,480
7,845
3,628
5,003

Total, Administration of justice ...................................................................................

16,216

17,548

20,784

24,228

25,936

26,433

26,050

25,956

800 General government:
801 Legislative functions ............................................................................................
802 Executive direction and management ................................................................
803 Central fiscal operations .....................................................................................
804 General property and records management ......................................................
805 Central personnel management ..........................................................................
806 General purpose fiscal assistance ......................................................................
808 Other general government ..................................................................................
809 Deductions for offsetting receipts .......................................................................

1,995
248
7,936
920
134
2,057
1,622
–1,077

1,965
252
7,459
820
103
1,981
1,006
–1,694

2,032
299
7,543
1,094
153
2,090
1,082
–1,184

2,157
465
7,772
645
148
1,925
945
–1,184

2,177
482
8,246
526
148
1,855
988
–1,184

2,194
479
8,286
411
148
2,128
1,151
–1,184

2,207
485
7,841
328
148
2,295
909
–1,184

2,217
479
7,812
326
148
2,371
874
–1,184

Total, General government .........................................................................................

13,835

11,892

13,109

12,873

13,238

13,613

13,029

13,043

900 Net interest:
901 Interest on the public debt ..................................................................................
902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ........................................................
903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ........................................................
908 Other interest .......................................................................................................

332,414
–59,871
–33,305
–7,069

343,955
–60,869
–36,507
–5,489

356,740
–62,812
–41,238
–5,308

366,107
–63,746
–45,199
–7,303

372,469
–64,616
–49,228
–6,782

374,287
–65,414
–53,181
–7,489

376,903
–66,435
–57,272
–8,233

376,792
–67,447
–61,554
–9,029

Total, Net interest .......................................................................................................

232,169

241,090

247,382

249,859

251,843

248,203

244,963

238,762

(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .............................................................................................................

(265,474) (277,597) (288,620) (295,058) (301,071) (301,384) (302,235) (300,316)
(–33,305) (–36,507) (–41,238) (–45,199) (–49,228) (–53,181) (–57,272) (–61,554)

950 Undistributed offsetting receipts:
951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ............................................
–27,961 –27,259 –27,869
952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ............................................
–6,432
–6,278
–6,505
953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf ..........................................
–2,418
–3,741
–4,152
954 Sale of major assets ........................................................................................... .................. .................. ..................
959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................
–7,644
–342
–7,961
Total, Undistributed offsetting receipts .......................................................................
(On-budget) .............................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .............................................................................................................

–44,455

–37,620

–46,487

–28,428 –28,758 –29,693 –30,627 –31,815
–7,028
–7,633
–8,356
–8,942
–9,781
–4,375
–4,036
–3,885
–4,050
–4,254
–4,300 .................. .................. .................. ..................
–11,459
–3,104
–4,064
–6,432 –22,100
–55,590

–43,531

–45,998

–50,051

–67,950

(–38,023) (–31,342) (–39,982) (–48,562) (–35,898) (–37,642) (–41,109) (–58,169)
(–6,432) (–6,278) (–6,505) (–7,028) (–7,633) (–8,356) (–8,942) (–9,781)

Total outlays .................................................................................................................. 1,515,729 1,560,330 1,631,016 1,687,475 1,760,700 1,814,427 1,844,488 1,879,717
(On-budget) ............................................................................................................. (1,227,065) (1,259,872) (1,316,014) (1,358,896) (1,422,832) (1,463,751) (1,479,969) (1,499,370)
(Off-budget) ............................................................................................................. (288,664) (300,458) (315,002) (328,579) (337,868) (350,676) (364,519) (380,347)
On-budget unless otherwise stated.

65

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002
(in millions of dollars)

Department or other unit

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

Legislative Branch .....................................................................
196
192
199
212
234
The Judiciary .............................................................................
57
62
66
75
80
Executive Office of the President .............................................
11
12
14
15
16
Funds Appropriated to the President ........................................
3,178
3,235
3,578
3,572
3,355
Agriculture ..................................................................................
6,437
7,414
7,569
6,940
5,633
Commerce ..................................................................................
215
292
370
414
396
Defense—Military .......................................................................
50,111
51,147
52,585
48,780
56,629
Defense—Civil ............................................................................
1,863
2,106
2,336
2,591
2,870
Education ...................................................................................
816
985
973
1,152
2,416
Energy ........................................................................................
2,755
2,700
2,726
2,579
2,343
Health and Human Services .....................................................
3,529
4,110
4,610
4,700
5,715
Housing and Urban Development .............................................
826
–609
73
492
2,482
Interior ........................................................................................
600
727
736
744
861
Justice ........................................................................................
299
322
342
399
380
Labor ..........................................................................................
3,914
3,523
3,454
3,121
3,239
State ...........................................................................................
259
369
241
321
392
Transportation ............................................................................
4,138
4,441
5,086
5,587
5,550
Treasury .....................................................................................
8,560
9,645
10,391
10,901
11,880
Veterans Affairs .........................................................................
5,608
5,501
5,662
5,710
5,962
Environmental Protection Agency .............................................
70
87
117
134
158
General Services Administration ...............................................
382
425
520
612
561
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ......................
1,257
2,552
4,171
5,092
5,933
Office of Personnel Management .............................................
1,017
1,175
1,304
1,454
1,726
Small Business Administration ..................................................
230
142
133
243
210
Social Security Administration (On-budget) .............................. .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ..............................
14,365
15,788
16,620
17,460
20,694
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ................................
2,835
2,248
1,972
2,605
3,260
Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................
–6,707
–7,274
–7,321
–7,677
–8,443
(On-budget) ............................................................................
(–5,878)
(–6,450)
(–6,435)
(–6,746)
(–7,464)
(Off-budget) ............................................................................
(–830)
(–824)
(–886)
(–931)
(–979)
Total outlays .................................................................

106,821

111,316

118,528

118,228

134,532

1967

1968

1969

1970

252
88
19
3,396
5,952
456
70,069
3,150
3,596
2,253
9,639
3,093
863
416
3,562
401
5,738
12,871
6,691
190
629
5,425
1,934
151
94
21,631
4,483
–9,578
(–8,371)
(–1,207)

269
94
20
2,819
7,430
577
80,355
3,398
4,072
2,474
13,074
3,727
973
441
4,180
382
6,100
14,437
7,018
249
482
4,722
2,154
284
94
23,760
5,260
–10,712
(–9,289)
(–1,424)

289
110
23
2,806
8,446
605
80,771
3,713
3,990
2,393
15,411
713
1,073
513
4,161
385
6,272
16,641
7,670
303
526
4,251
2,284
110
414
26,885
3,970
–11,087
(–9,407)
(–1,681)

353
133
28
2,656
8,412
777
80,123
4,064
4,594
2,393
17,397
2,432
1,087
641
4,966
414
6,724
19,276
8,652
384
530
3,752
2,652
253
469
29,812
5,242
–12,567
(–10,362)
(–2,205)

157,464

178,134

183,640

195,649

66

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Department or other unit

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

TQ

1977

1978

Legislative Branch .....................................................................
The Judiciary .............................................................................
Executive Office of the President .............................................
Funds Appropriated to the President ........................................
Agriculture ..................................................................................
Commerce ..................................................................................
Defense—Military .......................................................................
Defense—Civil ............................................................................
Education ...................................................................................
Energy ........................................................................................
Health and Human Services .....................................................
Housing and Urban Development .............................................
Interior ........................................................................................
Justice ........................................................................................
Labor ..........................................................................................
State ...........................................................................................
Transportation ............................................................................
Treasury .....................................................................................
Veterans Affairs .........................................................................
Environmental Protection Agency .............................................
General Services Administration ...............................................
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ......................
Office of Personnel Management .............................................
Small Business Administration ..................................................
Social Security Administration (On-budget) ..............................
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ..............................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................
(On-budget) ............................................................................
(Off-budget) ............................................................................

395
145
37
2,889
8,673
782
77,497
4,763
5,099
2,200
20,391
2,796
1,345
919
8,137
429
7,656
20,716
9,758
701
546
3,382
3,167
333
784
35,408
6,092
–14,869
(–12,288)
(–2,582)

499
173
46
2,982
11,053
850
77,645
5,415
5,537
2,299
25,309
3,600
1,609
1,182
10,008
495
7,932
21,861
10,713
763
655
3,423
3,776
452
955
39,620
6,502
–14,672
(–11,909)
(–2,763)

553
188
49
2,317
10,200
934
75,033
6,099
5,709
2,304
25,578
3,580
1,780
1,534
8,610
542
8,616
30,627
11,970
1,114
795
3,312
4,607
1,317
1,518
48,565
7,104
–18,846
(–15,870)
(–2,975)

638
207
66
3,029
10,338
992
77,864
6,816
5,747
2,233
28,062
4,781
1,854
1,805
8,964
678
8,574
35,842
13,339
2,030
929
3,255
5,708
753
3,750
55,373
9,061
–23,333
(–20,048)
(–3,284)

739
284
93
3,665
15,556
1,077
84,852
8,296
7,331
3,230
33,751
7,512
2,221
2,077
17,610
768
10,073
42,501
16,577
2,531
376
3,269
7,062
666
6,246
64,159
11,076
–21,267
(–17,547)
(–3,719)

788
325
79
3,742
17,743
1,484
87,917
9,427
7,897
3,841
40,261
7,026
2,433
2,247
25,526
1,062
12,723
44,155
18,416
3,118
25
3,671
8,323
624
6,574
73,384
11,168
–22,186
(–18,411)
(–3,775)

226
85
16
1,317
5,020
396
21,807
2,534
2,035
1,060
10,530
1,361
855
582
5,869
311
3,189
10,459
3,959
1,108
42
953
2,354
94
1,531
19,763
2,996
–4,477
(–4,135)
(–342)

990
393
73
3,344
23,341
2,010
95,147
10,506
8,717
5,329
46,493
5,808
3,213
2,356
22,269
1,113
13,137
48,910
18,020
4,365
109
4,002
9,633
758
6,970
84,344
10,883
–23,018
(–19,390)
(–3,627)

1,064
437
75
5,285
30,235
4,720
102,259
11,754
9,828
6,251
51,752
7,650
3,874
2,405
22,712
1,293
14,075
54,916
18,965
4,072
256
4,164
10,962
2,820
7,578
93,120
10,477
–24,250
(–20,788)
(–3,463)

Total outlays .................................................................

210,172

230,681

245,707

269,359

332,332

371,792

95,975

409,218

458,746

67

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Department or other unit

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

Legislative Branch ...........................................................................................
The Judiciary ...................................................................................................
Executive Office of the President ...................................................................
Funds Appropriated to the President .............................................................
Agriculture ........................................................................................................
Commerce .......................................................................................................
Defense—Military ............................................................................................
Defense—Civil .................................................................................................
Education .........................................................................................................
Energy .............................................................................................................
Health and Human Services ...........................................................................
Housing and Urban Development ..................................................................
Interior ..............................................................................................................
Justice ..............................................................................................................
Labor ................................................................................................................
State ................................................................................................................
Transportation ..................................................................................................
Treasury ...........................................................................................................
Veterans Affairs ...............................................................................................
Environmental Protection Agency ...................................................................
General Services Administration ....................................................................
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ............................................
Office of Personnel Management ...................................................................
Small Business Administration .......................................................................
Social Security Administration (On-budget) ...................................................
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ...................................................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) .....................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................
(On-budget) .................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .................................................................................................

1,099
481
80
3,300
31,758
3,538
113,605
13,198
12,167
7,899
57,820
9,220
4,168
2,538
22,459
1,604
16,079
64,779
19,891
4,800
256
4,380
12,663
1,699
7,217
103,316
11,445
–27,428
(–24,089)
(–3,338)

1,224
567
96
8,542
34,785
3,129
130,912
15,161
14,612
6,467
68,255
12,735
4,472
2,641
29,510
1,940
19,802
76,568
21,137
5,603
273
4,959
15,056
2,026
8,118
117,872
16,472
–31,988
(–28,445)
(–3,543)

1,214
641
96
8,219
41,624
2,296
153,868
16,892
16,973
11,665
80,821
14,880
4,456
2,695
29,821
1,902
22,775
92,622
22,907
5,242
100
5,537
18,096
2,032
8,952
138,914
14,861
–41,852
(–38,134)
(–3,718)

1,367
710
95
7,940
45,700
2,054
180,714
17,927
14,707
11,639
88,408
15,232
3,944
2,617
30,387
2,186
20,007
110,370
23,941
5,081
191
6,155
19,983
773
9,612
155,120
11,060
–42,165
(–38,448)
(–3,717)

1,437
787
94
7,878
52,404
1,925
204,410
18,891
14,433
10,590
95,008
15,814
4,547
2,849
37,604
2,273
20,643
116,421
24,827
4,312
126
6,853
21,278
661
30,932
150,731
11,727
–51,078
(–47,455)
(–3,623)

1,579
866
95
10,837
42,015
1,894
220,928
19,540
15,424
10,991
102,375
16,663
4,943
3,184
24,292
2,404
23,030
141,074
25,593
4,076
131
7,055
22,590
510
18,708
171,167
12,254
–52,329
(–46,975)
(–5,354)

1,610
966
111
11,858
55,523
2,140
245,154
18,770
16,596
10,587
114,271
28,720
4,820
3,586
23,699
2,645
25,020
164,967
26,333
4,490
8
7,251
23,727
680
17,833
183,434
10,357
–58,656
(–52,029)
(–6,627)

1,665
1,071
107
11,042
58,679
2,083
265,480
20,254
17,577
11,026
122,943
14,139
4,785
3,768
23,941
2,865
27,378
179,390
26,536
4,867
360
7,403
23,955
557
20,310
190,684
12,677
–65,036
(–57,850)
(–7,186)

Total outlays .......................................................................................

504,032

590,947

678,249

745,755

808,380

851,888

946,499

990,505

68

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Department or other unit

1987

1988

Legislative Branch ...........................................................................................
1,812
1,852
The Judiciary ...................................................................................................
1,180
1,342
Executive Office of the President ...................................................................
109
121
Funds Appropriated to the President .............................................................
10,406
7,253
Agriculture ........................................................................................................
49,600
44,003
Commerce .......................................................................................................
2,127
2,279
Defense—Military ............................................................................................
273,966
281,935
Defense—Civil .................................................................................................
20,684
22,029
Education .........................................................................................................
16,670
18,145
Energy .............................................................................................................
10,693
11,166
Health and Human Services ...........................................................................
131,414
140,039
Housing and Urban Development ..................................................................
15,484
18,938
Interior ..............................................................................................................
5,046
5,143
Justice ..............................................................................................................
4,333
5,426
Labor ................................................................................................................
23,253
21,743
State ................................................................................................................
2,788
3,421
Transportation ..................................................................................................
25,424
26,404
Treasury ...........................................................................................................
180,274
202,403
Veterans Affairs ...............................................................................................
26,952
29,271
Environmental Protection Agency ...................................................................
4,904
4,871
General Services Administration ....................................................................
63
–281
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ............................................
7,591
9,092
Office of Personnel Management ...................................................................
26,966
29,191
Small Business Administration .......................................................................
–65
–54
Social Security Administration (On-budget) ...................................................
17,480
19,032
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ...................................................
202,422
214,489
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) .....................................................
14,847
24,027
Other Independent Agencies (Off-budget) ..................................................... .................... ....................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................
–72,262
–78,789
(On-budget) .................................................................................................
(–63,672) (–66,992)
(Off-budget) .................................................................................................
(–8,590) (–11,798)
Total outlays .......................................................................................

1,004,164

1,064,489

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

2,096
1,499
124
4,280
48,316
2,571
294,880
23,450
21,468
11,387
152,699
19,680
5,207
6,232
22,549
3,722
26,607
230,576
30,041
4,906
–437
11,036
29,073
85
19,601
227,473
33,933
–310
–89,074
(–72,822)
(–16,252)

2,241
1,646
157
10,087
46,012
3,734
289,755
24,975
22,972
12,084
175,531
20,167
5,790
6,507
25,215
3,979
28,650
255,172
28,998
5,108
–93
12,429
31,949
692
18,147
244,998
73,562
1,626
–98,930
(–77,371)
(–21,558)

2,296
1,997
193
11,724
54,119
2,585
261,925
26,543
25,196
12,479
198,110
22,751
6,088
8,244
33,954
4,252
30,511
276,339
31,214
5,769
527
13,878
34,808
613
19,859
266,395
80,720
1,317
–110,005
(–83,979)
(–26,026)

2,677
2,308
186
11,113
56,437
2,567
286,632
28,270
25,832
15,523
231,560
24,470
6,539
9,802
47,078
5,007
32,490
292,987
33,897
5,950
529
13,961
35,596
546
25,772
281,418
18,987
659
–117,111
(–87,372)
(–29,739)

2,406
2,628
194
11,526
63,144
2,798
278,574
29,266
30,109
16,942
253,835
25,181
6,784
10,170
44,651
5,384
34,457
298,804
35,487
5,930
825
14,305
36,794
785
28,944
298,349
–10,590
1,441
–119,711
(–86,507)
(–33,203)

2,552
2,677
229
10,511
60,753
2,915
268,646
30,407
24,557
17,839
278,901
25,845
6,900
10,005
37,047
5,718
37,228
307,577
37,401
5,855
448
13,695
38,596
779
31,936
313,881
11,199
1,103
–123,469
(–87,857)
(–35,612)

1,143,671

1,253,163

1,324,400

1,381,681

1,409,414

1,461,731

69

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 4.1—OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Department or other unit

1995

1996

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

Legislative Branch ...........................................................................................
The Judiciary ...................................................................................................
Executive Office of the President ...................................................................
Funds Appropriated to the President .............................................................
Agriculture ........................................................................................................
Commerce .......................................................................................................
Defense—Military ............................................................................................
Defense—Civil .................................................................................................
Education .........................................................................................................
Energy .............................................................................................................
Health and Human Services ...........................................................................
Housing and Urban Development ..................................................................
Interior ..............................................................................................................
Justice ..............................................................................................................
Labor ................................................................................................................
State ................................................................................................................
Transportation ..................................................................................................
Treasury ...........................................................................................................
Veterans Affairs ...............................................................................................
Environmental Protection Agency ...................................................................
General Services Administration ....................................................................
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ............................................
Office of Personnel Management ...................................................................
Small Business Administration .......................................................................
Social Security Administration (On-budget) ...................................................
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ...................................................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) .....................................................
Other Independent Agencies (Off-budget) .....................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................
(On-budget) .................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .................................................................................................

2,625
2,903
214
11,161
56,665
3,401
259,556
31,669
31,205
17,617
303,081
29,044
7,378
10,788
32,092
5,344
38,777
348,579
37,771
6,351
831
13,378
41,276
677
31,753
330,370
824
–1,969
–137,632
(–97,895)
(–39,737)

2,273
2,531
2,772
2,737
2,746
2,785
2,788
3,059
3,617
3,693
3,841
3,947
4,055
4,169
202
222
233
232
230
230
230
9,713
9,738
10,156
10,371
10,564
10,526
10,638
54,344
56,954
58,779
58,009
59,725
59,692
61,639
3,702
3,808
4,080
4,566
6,249
3,996
3,891
253,253
254,284
247,492
249,268
255,159
256,173
261,350
32,536
33,873
34,798
35,840
36,937
37,965
38,985
29,727
28,340
32,134
36,213
36,814
37,404
35,926
16,203
15,423
14,562
14,922
14,610
14,104
11,769
319,803
351,086
376,147
396,897
414,146
438,642
461,868
25,508
29,928
32,302
32,914
32,421
30,249
29,637
6,725
7,404
7,101
7,258
7,307
7,360
7,230
11,954
14,520
17,350
18,730
19,084
18,546
18,236
32,492
32,874
35,624
37,511
39,002
39,574
40,396
4,951
5,487
5,523
6,340
5,454
5,543
5,600
38,780
38,388
38,456
38,521
38,357
38,397
38,168
364,629
380,559
390,381
397,771
400,248
402,497
402,807
36,920
39,619
40,890
41,862
43,797
41,147
43,339
6,046
6,272
6,701
7,140
7,371
7,448
7,322
732
1,243
521
316
216
139
133
13,881
13,697
13,595
13,454
13,250
13,162
13,214
42,870
44,838
46,527
48,623
50,707
53,044
55,707
873
460
137
239
462
628
631
31,365
35,174
36,288
38,090
41,666
38,386
42,919
343,869
360,769
376,712
393,877
412,384
432,493
453,025
9,543
8,469
16,104
21,681
26,338
25,821
26,394
–626
1,976
4,094
852
–171
–1,760
–1,343
–134,997 –150,537 –165,677 –157,375 –164,593 –173,758 –196,951
(–92,212) (–102,794) (–113,450) (–100,514) (–103,056) (–107,544) (–125,616)
(–42,785) (–47,743) (–52,227) (–56,861) (–61,537) (–66,214) (–71,335)

Total outlays .......................................................................................

1,515,729

1,560,330

1,631,016

1,687,475

1,760,700

1,814,427

1,844,488

1,879,717

70

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002
Department or other unit

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

Legislative Branch ..........................................................................................................
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
The Judiciary ..................................................................................................................
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Executive Office of the President .................................................................................
*
*
*
*
*
Funds Appropriated to the President ............................................................................
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.5
Agriculture ......................................................................................................................
6.0
6.7
6.4
5.9
4.2
Commerce ......................................................................................................................
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
Defense—Military ...........................................................................................................
46.9
45.9
44.4
41.3
42.1
Defense—Civil ................................................................................................................
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.1
Education .......................................................................................................................
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.8
Energy ............................................................................................................................
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.2
1.7
Health and Human Services .........................................................................................
3.3
3.7
3.9
4.0
4.2
Housing and Urban Development .................................................................................
0.8
–0.5
0.1
0.4
1.8
Interior ............................................................................................................................
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
Justice ............................................................................................................................
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
Labor ..............................................................................................................................
3.7
3.2
2.9
2.6
2.4
State ...............................................................................................................................
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
Transportation ................................................................................................................
3.9
4.0
4.3
4.7
4.1
Treasury .........................................................................................................................
8.0
8.7
8.8
9.2
8.8
Veterans Affairs .............................................................................................................
5.2
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.4
Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
General Services Administration ...................................................................................
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ..........................................................
1.2
2.3
3.5
4.3
4.4
Office of Personnel Management .................................................................................
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
Small Business Administration ......................................................................................
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
Social Security Administration (On-budget) .................................................................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ..................................................................
13.4
14.2
14.0
14.8
15.4
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ....................................................................
2.7
2.0
1.7
2.2
2.4
Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................
–6.3
–6.5
–6.2
–6.5
–6.3
(On-budget) ................................................................................................................
(–5.5)
(–5.8)
(–5.4)
(–5.7)
(–5.5)
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................
(–0.8)
(–0.7)
(–0.7)
(–0.8)
(–0.7)
Total outlays .....................................................................................................
* 0.05 percent or less.

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1967

1968

1969

1970

0.2
0.1
*
2.2
3.8
0.3
44.5
2.0
2.3
1.4
6.1
2.0
0.5
0.3
2.3
0.3
3.6
8.2
4.2
0.1
0.4
3.4
1.2
0.1
0.1
13.7
2.8
–6.1
(–5.3)
(–0.8)

0.2
0.1
*
1.6
4.2
0.3
45.1
1.9
2.3
1.4
7.3
2.1
0.5
0.2
2.3
0.2
3.4
8.1
3.9
0.1
0.3
2.7
1.2
0.2
0.1
13.3
3.0
–6.0
(–5.2)
(–0.8)

0.2
0.1
*
1.5
4.6
0.3
44.0
2.0
2.2
1.3
8.4
0.4
0.6
0.3
2.3
0.2
3.4
9.1
4.2
0.2
0.3
2.3
1.2
0.1
0.2
14.6
2.2
–6.0
(–5.1)
(–0.9)

0.2
0.1
*
1.4
4.3
0.4
41.0
2.1
2.3
1.2
8.9
1.2
0.6
0.3
2.5
0.2
3.4
9.9
4.4
0.2
0.3
1.9
1.4
0.1
0.2
15.2
2.7
–6.4
(–5.3)
(–1.1)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

71

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002—Continued
Department or other unit

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

TQ

1977

1978

Legislative Branch ..........................................................................................................
The Judiciary ..................................................................................................................
Executive Office of the President .................................................................................
Funds Appropriated to the President ............................................................................
Agriculture ......................................................................................................................
Commerce ......................................................................................................................
Defense—Military ...........................................................................................................
Defense—Civil ................................................................................................................
Education .......................................................................................................................
Energy ............................................................................................................................
Health and Human Services .........................................................................................
Housing and Urban Development .................................................................................
Interior ............................................................................................................................
Justice ............................................................................................................................
Labor ..............................................................................................................................
State ...............................................................................................................................
Transportation ................................................................................................................
Treasury .........................................................................................................................
Veterans Affairs .............................................................................................................
Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................
General Services Administration ...................................................................................
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ..........................................................
Office of Personnel Management .................................................................................
Small Business Administration ......................................................................................
Social Security Administration (On-budget) ..................................................................
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ..................................................................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ....................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts ....................................................................................
(On-budget) ................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................

0.2
0.1
*
1.4
4.1
0.4
36.9
2.3
2.4
1.0
9.7
1.3
0.6
0.4
3.9
0.2
3.6
9.9
4.6
0.3
0.3
1.6
1.5
0.2
0.4
16.8
2.9
–7.1
(–5.8)
(–1.2)

0.2
0.1
*
1.3
4.8
0.4
33.7
2.3
2.4
1.0
11.0
1.6
0.7
0.5
4.3
0.2
3.4
9.5
4.6
0.3
0.3
1.5
1.6
0.2
0.4
17.2
2.8
–6.4
(–5.2)
(–1.2)

0.2
0.1
*
0.9
4.2
0.4
30.5
2.5
2.3
0.9
10.4
1.5
0.7
0.6
3.5
0.2
3.5
12.5
4.9
0.5
0.3
1.3
1.9
0.5
0.6
19.8
2.9
–7.7
(–6.5)
(–1.2)

0.2
0.1
*
1.1
3.8
0.4
28.9
2.5
2.1
0.8
10.4
1.8
0.7
0.7
3.3
0.3
3.2
13.3
5.0
0.8
0.3
1.2
2.1
0.3
1.4
20.6
3.4
–8.7
(–7.4)
(–1.2)

0.2
0.1
*
1.1
4.7
0.3
25.5
2.5
2.2
1.0
10.2
2.3
0.7
0.6
5.3
0.2
3.0
12.8
5.0
0.8
0.1
1.0
2.1
0.2
1.9
19.3
3.3
–6.4
(–5.3)
(–1.1)

0.2
0.1
*
1.0
4.8
0.4
23.6
2.5
2.1
1.0
10.8
1.9
0.7
0.6
6.9
0.3
3.4
11.9
5.0
0.8
*
1.0
2.2
0.2
1.8
19.7
3.0
–6.0
(–5.0)
(–1.0)

0.2
0.1
*
1.4
5.2
0.4
22.7
2.6
2.1
1.1
11.0
1.4
0.9
0.6
6.1
0.3
3.3
10.9
4.1
1.2
*
1.0
2.5
0.1
1.6
20.6
3.1
–4.7
(–4.3)
(–0.4)

0.2
0.1
*
0.8
5.7
0.5
23.3
2.6
2.1
1.3
11.4
1.4
0.8
0.6
5.4
0.3
3.2
12.0
4.4
1.1
*
1.0
2.4
0.2
1.7
20.6
2.7
–5.6
(–4.7)
(–0.9)

0.2
0.1
*
1.2
6.6
1.0
22.3
2.6
2.1
1.4
11.3
1.7
0.8
0.5
5.0
0.3
3.1
12.0
4.1
0.9
0.1
0.9
2.4
0.6
1.7
20.3
2.3
–5.3
(–4.5)
(–0.8)

Total outlays .....................................................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

* 0.05 percent or less.

72

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002—Continued
Department or other unit

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

Legislative Branch ...........................................................................................................................
The Judiciary ...................................................................................................................................
Executive Office of the President ...................................................................................................
Funds Appropriated to the President .............................................................................................
Agriculture ........................................................................................................................................
Commerce .......................................................................................................................................
Defense—Military ............................................................................................................................
Defense—Civil .................................................................................................................................
Education .........................................................................................................................................
Energy .............................................................................................................................................
Health and Human Services ...........................................................................................................
Housing and Urban Development ..................................................................................................
Interior ..............................................................................................................................................
Justice ..............................................................................................................................................
Labor ................................................................................................................................................
State ................................................................................................................................................
Transportation ..................................................................................................................................
Treasury ...........................................................................................................................................
Veterans Affairs ...............................................................................................................................
Environmental Protection Agency ...................................................................................................
General Services Administration ....................................................................................................
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ............................................................................
Office of Personnel Management ...................................................................................................
Small Business Administration .......................................................................................................
Social Security Administration (On-budget) ...................................................................................
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ...................................................................................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) .....................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................................................
(On-budget) .................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .................................................................................................................................

0.2
0.1
*
0.7
6.3
0.7
22.5
2.6
2.4
1.6
11.5
1.8
0.8
0.5
4.5
0.3
3.2
12.9
3.9
1.0
0.1
0.9
2.5
0.3
1.4
20.5
2.3
–5.4
(–4.8)
(–0.7)

0.2
0.1
*
1.4
5.9
0.5
22.2
2.6
2.5
1.1
11.6
2.2
0.8
0.4
5.0
0.3
3.4
13.0
3.6
0.9
*
0.8
2.5
0.3
1.4
19.9
2.8
–5.4
(–4.8)
(–0.6)

0.2
0.1
*
1.2
6.1
0.3
22.7
2.5
2.5
1.7
11.9
2.2
0.7
0.4
4.4
0.3
3.4
13.7
3.4
0.8
*
0.8
2.7
0.3
1.3
20.5
2.2
–6.2
(–5.6)
(–0.5)

0.2
0.1
*
1.1
6.1
0.3
24.2
2.4
2.0
1.6
11.9
2.0
0.5
0.4
4.1
0.3
2.7
14.8
3.2
0.7
*
0.8
2.7
0.1
1.3
20.8
1.5
–5.7
(–5.2)
(–0.5)

0.2
0.1
*
1.0
6.5
0.2
25.3
2.3
1.8
1.3
11.8
2.0
0.6
0.4
4.7
0.3
2.6
14.4
3.1
0.5
*
0.8
2.6
0.1
3.8
18.6
1.5
–6.3
(–5.9)
(–0.4)

0.2
0.1
*
1.3
4.9
0.2
25.9
2.3
1.8
1.3
12.0
2.0
0.6
0.4
2.9
0.3
2.7
16.6
3.0
0.5
*
0.8
2.7
0.1
2.2
20.1
1.4
–6.1
(–5.5)
(–0.6)

0.2
0.1
*
1.3
5.9
0.2
25.9
2.0
1.8
1.1
12.1
3.0
0.5
0.4
2.5
0.3
2.6
17.4
2.8
0.5
*
0.8
2.5
0.1
1.9
19.4
1.1
–6.2
(–5.5)
(–0.7)

0.2
0.1
*
1.1
5.9
0.2
26.8
2.0
1.8
1.1
12.4
1.4
0.5
0.4
2.4
0.3
2.8
18.1
2.7
0.5
*
0.7
2.4
0.1
2.1
19.3
1.3
–6.6
(–5.8)
(–0.7)

Total outlays .......................................................................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

* 0.05 percent or less.

73

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002—Continued
Department or other unit

1987

1988

Legislative Branch ...........................................................................................................................
0.2
0.2
The Judiciary ...................................................................................................................................
0.1
0.1
Executive Office of the President ...................................................................................................
*
*
Funds Appropriated to the President .............................................................................................
1.0
0.7
Agriculture ........................................................................................................................................
4.9
4.1
Commerce .......................................................................................................................................
0.2
0.2
Defense—Military ............................................................................................................................
27.3
26.5
Defense—Civil .................................................................................................................................
2.1
2.1
Education .........................................................................................................................................
1.7
1.7
Energy .............................................................................................................................................
1.1
1.0
Health and Human Services ...........................................................................................................
13.1
13.2
Housing and Urban Development ..................................................................................................
1.5
1.8
Interior ..............................................................................................................................................
0.5
0.5
Justice ..............................................................................................................................................
0.4
0.5
Labor ................................................................................................................................................
2.3
2.0
State ................................................................................................................................................
0.3
0.3
Transportation ..................................................................................................................................
2.5
2.5
Treasury ...........................................................................................................................................
18.0
19.0
Veterans Affairs ...............................................................................................................................
2.7
2.7
Environmental Protection Agency ...................................................................................................
0.5
0.5
General Services Administration ....................................................................................................
*
–*
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ............................................................................
0.8
0.9
Office of Personnel Management ...................................................................................................
2.7
2.7
Small Business Administration .......................................................................................................
–*
–*
Social Security Administration (On-budget) ...................................................................................
1.7
1.8
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ...................................................................................
20.2
20.1
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) .....................................................................................
1.5
2.3
Other Independent Agencies (Off-budget) ..................................................................................... ................ ................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................................................
–7.2
–7.4
(On-budget) .................................................................................................................................
(–6.3)
(–6.3)
(Off-budget) .................................................................................................................................
(–0.9)
(–1.1)
Total outlays .......................................................................................................................
* 0.05 percent or less.

100.0

100.0

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

0.2
0.1
*
0.4
4.2
0.2
25.8
2.1
1.9
1.0
13.4
1.7
0.5
0.5
2.0
0.3
2.3
20.2
2.6
0.4
–*
1.0
2.5
*
1.7
19.9
3.0
–*
–7.8
(–6.4)
(–1.4)

0.2
0.1
*
0.8
3.7
0.3
23.1
2.0
1.8
1.0
14.0
1.6
0.5
0.5
2.0
0.3
2.3
20.4
2.3
0.4
–*
1.0
2.5
0.1
1.4
19.6
5.9
0.1
–7.9
(–6.2)
(–1.7)

0.2
0.2
*
0.9
4.1
0.2
19.8
2.0
1.9
0.9
15.0
1.7
0.5
0.6
2.6
0.3
2.3
20.9
2.4
0.4
*
1.0
2.6
*
1.5
20.1
6.1
0.1
–8.3
(–6.3)
(–2.0)

0.2
0.2
*
0.8
4.1
0.2
20.7
2.0
1.9
1.1
16.8
1.8
0.5
0.7
3.4
0.4
2.4
21.2
2.5
0.4
*
1.0
2.6
*
1.9
20.4
1.4
*
–8.5
(–6.3)
(–2.2)

0.2
0.2
*
0.8
4.5
0.2
19.8
2.1
2.1
1.2
18.0
1.8
0.5
0.7
3.2
0.4
2.4
21.2
2.5
0.4
0.1
1.0
2.6
0.1
2.1
21.2
–0.8
0.1
–8.5
(–6.1)
(–2.4)

0.2
0.2
*
0.7
4.2
0.2
18.4
2.1
1.7
1.2
19.1
1.8
0.5
0.7
2.5
0.4
2.5
21.0
2.6
0.4
*
0.9
2.6
0.1
2.2
21.5
0.8
0.1
–8.4
(–6.0)
(–2.4)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

74

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 4.2—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1962–2002—Continued
Department or other unit

1995

1996

1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate

Legislative Branch ...........................................................................................................................
The Judiciary ...................................................................................................................................
Executive Office of the President ...................................................................................................
Funds Appropriated to the President .............................................................................................
Agriculture ........................................................................................................................................
Commerce .......................................................................................................................................
Defense—Military ............................................................................................................................
Defense—Civil .................................................................................................................................
Education .........................................................................................................................................
Energy .............................................................................................................................................
Health and Human Services ...........................................................................................................
Housing and Urban Development ..................................................................................................
Interior ..............................................................................................................................................
Justice ..............................................................................................................................................
Labor ................................................................................................................................................
State ................................................................................................................................................
Transportation ..................................................................................................................................
Treasury ...........................................................................................................................................
Veterans Affairs ...............................................................................................................................
Environmental Protection Agency ...................................................................................................
General Services Administration ....................................................................................................
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ............................................................................
Office of Personnel Management ...................................................................................................
Small Business Administration .......................................................................................................
Social Security Administration (On-budget) ...................................................................................
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ...................................................................................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) .....................................................................................
Other Independent Agencies (Off-budget) .....................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts .....................................................................................................
(On-budget) .................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) .................................................................................................................................

0.2
0.2
*
0.7
3.7
0.2
17.1
2.1
2.1
1.2
20.0
1.9
0.5
0.7
2.1
0.4
2.6
23.0
2.5
0.4
0.1
0.9
2.7
*
2.1
21.8
0.1
–0.1
–9.1
(–6.5)
(–2.6)

0.1
0.2
*
0.6
3.5
0.2
16.2
2.1
1.9
1.0
20.5
1.6
0.4
0.8
2.1
0.3
2.5
23.4
2.4
0.4
*
0.9
2.7
0.1
2.0
22.0
0.6
–*
–8.7
(–5.9)
(–2.7)

0.2
0.2
*
0.6
3.5
0.2
15.6
2.1
1.7
0.9
21.5
1.8
0.5
0.9
2.0
0.3
2.4
23.3
2.4
0.4
0.1
0.8
2.7
*
2.2
22.1
0.5
0.1
–9.2
(–6.3)
(–2.9)

0.2
0.2
*
0.6
3.5
0.2
14.7
2.1
1.9
0.9
22.3
1.9
0.4
1.0
2.1
0.3
2.3
23.1
2.4
0.4
*
0.8
2.8
*
2.2
22.3
1.0
0.2
–9.8
(–6.7)
(–3.1)

0.2
0.2
*
0.6
3.3
0.3
14.2
2.0
2.1
0.8
22.5
1.9
0.4
1.1
2.1
0.4
2.2
22.6
2.4
0.4
*
0.8
2.8
*
2.2
22.4
1.2
*
–8.9
(–5.7)
(–3.2)

0.2
0.2
*
0.6
3.3
0.3
14.1
2.0
2.0
0.8
22.8
1.8
0.4
1.1
2.1
0.3
2.1
22.1
2.4
0.4
*
0.7
2.8
*
2.3
22.7
1.5
–*
–9.1
(–5.7)
(–3.4)

0.2
0.2
*
0.6
3.2
0.2
13.9
2.1
2.0
0.8
23.8
1.6
0.4
1.0
2.1
0.3
2.1
21.8
2.2
0.4
*
0.7
2.9
*
2.1
23.4
1.4
–0.1
–9.4
(–5.8)
(–3.6)

0.1
0.2
*
0.6
3.3
0.2
13.9
2.1
1.9
0.6
24.6
1.6
0.4
1.0
2.1
0.3
2.0
21.4
2.3
0.4
*
0.7
3.0
*
2.3
24.1
1.4
–0.1
–10.5
(–6.7)
(–3.8)

Total outlays .......................................................................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

* 0.05 percent or less.

75

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1976

TQ

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

050 National defense:
051 Department of Defense—Military:
Military Personnel ......................................................................................................................
Operation and Maintenance ......................................................................................................
Procurement ...............................................................................................................................
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation ........................................................................
Military Construction ..................................................................................................................
Family Housing ..........................................................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................................

32,912
28,731
20,991
9,451
2,360
1,229
–170

8,495
7,591
4,135
2,406
76
278
–55

34,075
32,108
27,922
10,439
2,204
1,258
–99

35,724
34,734
29,529
11,371
1,641
1,346
186

37,641
38,042
31,428
12,437
2,319
1,563
166

41,069
46,386
35,283
13,561
2,293
1,526
533

48,462
55,489
48,025
16,609
3,380
2,004
2,141

051 Subtotal, Department of Defense—Military ............................................................................
053 Atomic energy defense activities ...........................................................................................
054 Defense-related activities ........................................................................................................

95,503
1,682
146

22,925
459
31

107,906
2,089
156

114,531
2,514
182

123,595
2,668
204

140,651
2,991
217

176,110
3,651
241

Total, National defense ..................................................................................................................

97,331

23,416

110,150

117,227

126,467

143,859

180,001

150 International affairs:
151 International development and humanitarian assistance ......................................................
152 International security assistance ............................................................................................
153 Conduct of foreign affairs .......................................................................................................
154 Foreign information and exchange activities .........................................................................
155 International financial programs .............................................................................................

3,076
3,712
782
423
6,063

319
589
362
103
–1,043

3,550
3,954
1,054
400
–744

4,183
4,577
1,241
451
1,124

5,084
5,772
1,318
506
–2,298

5,264
5,066
1,343
518
5,761

4,420
5,068
1,465
555
15,844

Total, International affairs ..............................................................................................................

14,057

331

8,214

11,575

10,382

17,952

27,352

250 General science, space and technology:
251 General science and basic research .....................................................................................
252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ...................................................................

1,039
3,227

246
850

1,136
3,498

1,275
3,807

1,347
4,223

1,461
4,790

1,535
5,108

Total, General science, space and technology .............................................................................

4,266

1,095

4,634

5,081

5,571

6,251

6,643

270 Energy:
271 Energy supply .........................................................................................................................
272 Energy conservation ...............................................................................................................
274 Emergency energy preparedness ..........................................................................................
276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ............................................................................

14,008
79
431
651

993
39
48
179

4,934
242
445
711

6,123
527
3,175
842

5,448
611
3,008
777

40,640
738
–2,000
943

7,165
700
2,791
1,098

Total, Energy ..................................................................................................................................

15,169

1,259

6,332

10,666

9,844

40,320

11,754

300 Natural resources and environment:
301 Water resources ......................................................................................................................
302 Conservation and land management .....................................................................................
303 Recreational resources ...........................................................................................................
304 Pollution control and abatement ............................................................................................
306 Other natural resources ..........................................................................................................

3,036
572
848
684
916

1,079
105
177
168
243

3,635
876
1,207
2,691
1,080

3,781
1,494
1,794
5,376
1,206

3,577
1,204
1,807
5,306
1,357

4,085
1,302
1,642
4,672
1,395

4,079
1,364
1,252
2,982
1,494

Total, Natural resources and environment ....................................................................................

6,055

1,773

9,489

13,651

13,251

13,096

11,171

350 Agriculture:
351 Farm income stabilization .......................................................................................................
352 Agricultural research and services .........................................................................................

3,833
991

463
245

2,601
1,084

4,977
1,221

13,294
1,400

8,894
1,402

11,864
1,559

Total, Agriculture ............................................................................................................................

4,824

708

3,685

6,199

14,694

10,297

13,423

5,338
6,409
1,787
1,785
–10 ..................
1,643
1,758

9,962
1,677
1,200
2,495

9,208
1,343
15
2,187

15,333

12,754

370 Commerce and housing credit:
371 Mortgage credit .......................................................................................................................
9,737
468
5,149
372 Postal Service .........................................................................................................................
1,708
934
2,266
373 Deposit insurance ................................................................................................................... .................. .................. ..................
376 Other advancement of commerce ..........................................................................................
1,082
174
1,403
Total, Commerce and housing credit ............................................................................................
On-budget unless otherwise stated.

12,528

1,576

8,818

8,759

9,953

76

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

050 National defense:
051 Department of Defense—Military:
Military Personnel ......................................................................................................................
Operation and Maintenance ......................................................................................................
Procurement ...............................................................................................................................
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation ........................................................................
Military Construction ..................................................................................................................
Family Housing ..........................................................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................................

55,704
62,487
64,462
20,060
4,916
2,203
1,680

61,050
66,562
80,355
22,798
4,512
2,712
912

64,866
70,974
86,161
26,867
4,510
2,669
2,129

67,773
77,828
96,842
31,327
5,517
2,890
4,650

67,794
74,916
92,506
33,609
5,281
2,803
4,528

74,010
79,607
80,234
35,644
5,093
3,075
1,806

76,584
81,629
80,053
36,521
5,349
3,199
419

051 Subtotal, Department of Defense—Military ............................................................................
053 Atomic energy defense activities ...........................................................................................
054 Defense-related activities ........................................................................................................

211,513
4,737
297

238,900
5,718
425

258,176
6,555
429

286,827
7,325
503

281,436
7,287
424

279,469
7,478
480

283,755
7,749
504

Total, National defense ..................................................................................................................

216,547

245,043

265,160

294,656

289,146

287,427

292,008

150 International affairs:
151 International development and humanitarian assistance ......................................................
152 International security assistance ............................................................................................
153 Conduct of foreign affairs .......................................................................................................
154 Foreign information and exchange activities .........................................................................
155 International financial programs .............................................................................................

4,474
6,863
1,688
587
4,612

4,711
8,142
1,830
688
–4,632

5,069
8,943
2,015
808
7,718

6,496
13,730
2,501
950
2,776

4,760
9,543
2,992
970
–1,607

4,902
8,213
2,582
1,031
1,997

5,022
8,598
2,631
1,056
–123

Total, International affairs ..............................................................................................................

18,224

10,739

24,553

26,453

16,659

18,724

17,184

250 General science, space and technology:
251 General science and basic research .....................................................................................
252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ...................................................................

1,535
5,684

1,638
6,517

1,964
6,858

2,227
6,925

2,121
7,165

2,340
10,198

2,542
8,322

Total, General science, space and technology .............................................................................

7,219

8,155

8,822

9,152

9,286

12,538

10,864

270 Energy:
271 Energy supply .........................................................................................................................
272 Energy conservation ...............................................................................................................
274 Emergency energy preparedness ..........................................................................................
276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ............................................................................

7,856
168
3,875
871

7,046
449
2,316
872

5,348
455
1,268
793

5,511
472
2,056
719

4,745
426
113
763

2,280
234
153
763

3,807
310
609
799

Total, Energy ..................................................................................................................................

12,770

10,683

7,865

8,758

6,047

3,430

5,526

300 Natural resources and environment:
301 Water resources ......................................................................................................................
302 Conservation and land management .....................................................................................
303 Recreational resources ...........................................................................................................
304 Pollution control and abatement ............................................................................................
306 Other natural resources ..........................................................................................................

3,913
902
1,220
3,645
1,583

4,608
1,883
1,581
3,677
1,547

3,781
1,389
1,453
4,037
1,622

4,087
1,446
1,574
4,303
1,934

3,678
1,430
1,456
3,399
1,761

4,107
1,721
1,685
5,296
1,770

4,295
2,650
1,647
4,932
1,852

Total, Natural resources and environment ....................................................................................

11,263

13,297

12,282

13,344

11,724

14,578

15,375

350 Agriculture:
351 Farm income stabilization .......................................................................................................
352 Agricultural research and services .........................................................................................

22,571
1,586

33,490
1,698

9,945
1,843

25,569
1,911

28,065
1,836

23,394
2,007

16,317
2,075

Total, Agriculture ............................................................................................................................

24,156

35,188

11,788

27,480

29,901

25,401

18,392

9,188
7,227
707
989
36 ..................
1,837
1,955

8,349
1,798
1,081
2,078

6,881
2,639
200
2,497

3,666
2,504
3,000
1,959

3,449
2,944
2,699
2,045

8,361
1,458
10,835
2,412

13,306

12,217

11,129

11,138

23,066

370 Commerce and housing credit:
371 Mortgage credit .......................................................................................................................
372 Postal Service .........................................................................................................................
373 Deposit insurance ...................................................................................................................
376 Other advancement of commerce ..........................................................................................
Total, Commerce and housing credit ............................................................................................
On-budget unless otherwise stated.

11,769

10,171

77

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

050 National defense:
051 Department of Defense—Military:
Military Personnel ......................................................................................................................
Operation and Maintenance ......................................................................................................
Procurement ...............................................................................................................................
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation ........................................................................
Military Construction ..................................................................................................................
Family Housing ..........................................................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................................

78,477
86,221
79,390
37,530
5,738
3,276
204

78,876
88,409
81,376
36,459
5,130
3,143
–393

84,213
117,234
71,740
36,193
5,188
3,296
–41,656

81,221
93,716
62,952
36,623
5,254
3,738
–1,378

75,974
89,161
52,789
37,764
4,554
3,941
3,012

71,365
88,640
44,141
34,567
6,009
3,501
3,141

71,557
93,751
43,571
34,521
5,428
3,392
3,431

051 Subtotal, Department of Defense—Military ............................................................................
053 Atomic energy defense activities ...........................................................................................
054 Defense-related activities ........................................................................................................

290,837
8,100
630

292,999
9,656
609

276,208
11,578
1,092

282,127
11,980
964

267,194
12,059
1,823

251,364
10,897
1,061

255,651
10,105
558

Total, National defense ..................................................................................................................

299,567

303,263

288,878

295,070

281,076

263,322

266,314

150 International affairs:
151 International development and humanitarian assistance ......................................................
152 International security assistance ............................................................................................
153 Conduct of foreign affairs .......................................................................................................
154 Foreign information and exchange activities .........................................................................
155 International financial programs .............................................................................................

5,296
7,666
2,775
1,126
390

5,696
8,393
2,933
1,317
473

6,778
9,061
3,238
1,243
2,369

6,655
6,682
4,063
1,303
2,523

6,992
5,491
4,327
1,248
14,275

7,699
4,531
4,630
1,496
–647

7,661
4,626
4,063
1,421
7,855

Total, International affairs ..............................................................................................................

17,252

18,811

22,689

21,227

32,333

17,709

25,626

250 General science, space and technology:
251 General science and basic research .....................................................................................
252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ...................................................................

2,851
10,097

3,184
11,460

3,472
13,046

4,125
13,199

4,173
13,064

4,596
13,022

4,164
12,543

Total, General science, space and technology .............................................................................

12,949

14,644

16,519

17,324

17,236

17,618

16,707

270 Energy:
271 Energy supply .........................................................................................................................
272 Energy conservation ...............................................................................................................
274 Emergency energy preparedness ..........................................................................................
276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ............................................................................

2,789
314
422
538

3,394
366
571
595

4,220
461
336
369

4,789
511
282
513

7,404
561
60
240

3,386
669
216
455

3,757
715
144
411

Total, Energy ..................................................................................................................................

4,062

4,926

5,386

6,096

8,264

4,726

5,027

300 Natural resources and environment:
301 Water resources ......................................................................................................................
302 Conservation and land management .....................................................................................
303 Recreational resources ...........................................................................................................
304 Pollution control and abatement ............................................................................................
306 Other natural resources ..........................................................................................................

4,312
3,706
1,895
5,068
2,005

4,332
3,783
2,395
5,559
2,077

4,370
3,912
2,482
6,158
2,309

4,768
4,652
2,690
6,605
2,575

4,801
4,775
2,604
6,908
2,547

5,340
5,190
2,792
6,595
2,770

4,212
5,392
2,711
5,880
2,831

Total, Natural resources and environment ....................................................................................

16,987

18,146

19,232

21,290

21,636

22,688

21,026

350 Agriculture:
351 Farm income stabilization .......................................................................................................
352 Agricultural research and services .........................................................................................

19,048
2,112

12,313
2,229

14,734
2,497

19,651
2,725

16,464
2,660

14,268
2,785

5,782
2,773

Total, Agriculture ............................................................................................................................

21,160

14,542

17,232

22,376

19,124

17,053

8,555

370 Commerce and housing credit:
371 Mortgage credit .......................................................................................................................
372 Postal Service .........................................................................................................................
(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................
373 Deposit insurance ...................................................................................................................
376 Other advancement of commerce ..........................................................................................

6,614
2,046
(436)
(1,610)
51,020
2,745

9,847
3,573
(490)
(3,083)
45,624
3,947

7,816
3,812
(511)
(3,301)
72,789
2,926

4,514
2,709
(511)
(2,198)
36,961
3,412

2,302
2,400
(161)
(2,239)
2,462
3,615

1,486
2,863
(130)
(2,732)
19,520
3,465

1,350
2,684
(130)
(2,554)
859
3,535

Total, Commerce and housing credit ............................................................................................

62,425

62,990

87,343

47,596

10,779

27,334

8,428

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................

(60,816)
(1,610)

(59,907)
(3,083)

(84,042)
(3,301)

(45,397)
(2,198)

(8,540)
(2,239)

(24,602)
(2,732)

(5,874)
(2,554)

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

78

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1996

050 National defense:
051 Department of Defense—Military:
Military Personnel ......................................................................................................................
69,776
Operation and Maintenance ......................................................................................................
93,654
Procurement ...............................................................................................................................
42,417
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation ........................................................................
34,971
Military Construction ..................................................................................................................
6,891
Family Housing ..........................................................................................................................
4,259
Allowances ................................................................................................................................. ..................
Other ..........................................................................................................................................
2,438

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

69,919
69,474
92,914
93,672
44,156
42,606
36,589
35,934
5,862
4,715
4,122
3,668
–4,800 ..................
1,228
628

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

70,098
91,526
50,716
35,044
4,245
3,876
85
725

71,410
92,171
56,997
33,403
4,267
3,941
85
493

73,256
93,929
60,662
32,897
4,211
3,985
85
526

75,257
91,952
68,336
34,249
3,370
3,913
–115
534

051 Subtotal, Department of Defense—Military ............................................................................
053 Atomic energy defense activities ...........................................................................................
054 Defense-related activities ........................................................................................................

254,406
10,690
911

249,990
11,327
989

250,697
13,600
979

256,315
11,808
1,060

262,767
11,148
1,072

269,551
10,847
1,082

277,496
10,513
1,048

Total, National defense ..................................................................................................................

266,007

262,306

265,276

269,183

274,987

281,480

289,057

150 International affairs:
151 International development and humanitarian assistance ......................................................
152 International security assistance ............................................................................................
153 Conduct of foreign affairs .......................................................................................................
154 Foreign information and exchange activities .........................................................................
155 International financial programs .............................................................................................

6,084
5,038
3,833
1,131
310

6,110
5,088
3,893
1,100
1,201

7,242
5,233
4,167
1,135
4,032

6,981
5,464
4,921
1,083
–315

6,866
5,556
4,001
1,076
–123

6,554
5,622
4,028
1,073
355

6,507
5,681
4,029
1,072
587

Total, International affairs ..............................................................................................................

16,396

17,392

21,809

18,134

17,376

17,632

17,876

250 General science, space and technology:
251 General science and basic research .....................................................................................
252 Space flight, research, and supporting activities ...................................................................

4,146
12,570

4,241
12,426

4,346
12,131

4,338
12,120

4,345
11,932

4,352
11,914

4,359
11,898

Total, General science, space and technology .............................................................................

16,716

16,667

16,477

16,458

16,277

16,266

16,257

270 Energy:
271 Energy supply .........................................................................................................................
1,784
244
272 Energy conservation ...............................................................................................................
533
550
274 Emergency energy preparedness .......................................................................................... .................. ..................
276 Energy information, policy, and regulation ............................................................................
330
167

800
688
209
193

99
691
195
187

1,033
688
172
186

327
690
142
185

38
689
–1,019
185

Total, Energy ..................................................................................................................................

2,647

961

1,890

1,172

2,079

1,344

–107

300 Natural resources and environment:
301 Water resources ......................................................................................................................
302 Conservation and land management .....................................................................................
303 Recreational resources ...........................................................................................................
304 Pollution control and abatement ............................................................................................
306 Other natural resources ..........................................................................................................

4,254
5,577
2,651
6,430
2,698

4,478
5,451
2,763
6,753
2,661

4,688
5,507
2,863
7,828
2,797

4,243
5,281
2,909
7,947
2,984

4,256
5,460
2,972
7,345
2,857

4,052
5,550
3,043
7,361
2,792

4,094
5,430
3,115
7,468
2,734

Total, Natural resources and environment ....................................................................................

21,610

22,106

23,683

23,364

22,890

22,798

22,841

350 Agriculture:
351 Farm income stabilization .......................................................................................................
352 Agricultural research and services .........................................................................................

6,894
2,733

8,561
2,882

9,281
2,838

9,002
2,812

8,578
2,770

7,480
2,772

7,331
2,797

Total, Agriculture ............................................................................................................................

9,627

11,443

12,119

11,814

11,348

10,252

10,128

370 Commerce and housing credit:
371 Mortgage credit .......................................................................................................................
372 Postal Service .........................................................................................................................
(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................
373 Deposit insurance ...................................................................................................................
376 Other advancement of commerce ..........................................................................................

1,289
3,563
(122)
(3,441)
11
3,477

261
8,121
(121)
(8,000)
–25
4,483

–1,839
5,053
(86)
(4,967)
–113
5,182

–145
1,535
(85)
(1,450)
–82
9,373

–355
1,244
(87)
(1,157)
–86
15,880

–510
2,499
(88)
(2,411)
–89
14,740

–735
3,414
(88)
(3,326)
–93
15,410

Total, Commerce and housing credit ............................................................................................

8,340

12,840

8,283

10,681

16,683

16,640

17,996

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................

(4,899)
(3,441)

(4,840)
(8,000)

(3,316)
(4,967)

(9,231)
(1,450)

(15,526)
(1,157)

(14,229)
(2,411)

(14,670)
(3,326)

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

79

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1976

TQ

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

400 Transportation:
401 Ground transportation .............................................................................................................
402 Air transportation .....................................................................................................................
403 Water transportation ...............................................................................................................
407 Other transportation ................................................................................................................

6,904
2,311
1,615
74

4,777
1,048
390
19

5,732
3,017
1,675
83

9,872
3,287
1,854
85

14,021
3,728
2,057
91

15,278
3,915
2,192
97

20,249
4,046
2,552
109

Total, Transportation ......................................................................................................................

10,905

6,234

10,507

15,098

19,897

21,483

26,957

450 Community and regional development:
451 Community development ........................................................................................................
452 Area and regional development .............................................................................................
453 Disaster relief and insurance .................................................................................................

2,764
2,604
335

81
649
60

3,689
9,235
684

4,403
3,524
3,246

4,775
4,082
2,266

4,972
4,331
2,426

4,783
4,373
810

Total, Community and regional development ...............................................................................

5,703

790

13,608

11,173

11,123

11,728

9,966

500 Education, training, employment, and social services:
501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ................................................................
502 Higher education .....................................................................................................................
503 Research and general education aids ...................................................................................
504 Training and employment .......................................................................................................
505 Other labor services ...............................................................................................................
506 Social services ........................................................................................................................

4,624
3,828
748
7,264
329
5,221

2,826
185
339
839
82
1,207

5,825
3,858
1,011
13,969
383
5,449

6,146
4,523
1,140
4,802
440
5,566

7,047
5,854
1,249
11,739
522
6,693

7,404
6,775
1,170
9,623
572
6,152

6,808
8,895
1,224
9,109
606
6,247

Total, Education, training, employment, and social services .......................................................

22,013

5,480

30,496

22,618

33,104

31,698

32,889

550 Health:
551 Health care services ...............................................................................................................
552 Health research and training ..................................................................................................
554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .....................................................................

11,395
3,111
684

2,794
601
181

13,403
3,502
773

14,225
3,857
864

17,028
4,200
949

18,480
4,565
1,000

21,520
4,422
1,082

Total, Health ...................................................................................................................................

15,190

3,576

17,678

18,945

22,177

24,045

27,024

570 Medicare:
571 Medicare ..................................................................................................................................

15,785

4,280

19,416

22,880

26,657

32,237

39,148

600 Income security:
601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ...............................
602 Federal employee retirement and disability ...........................................................................
603 Unemployment compensation ................................................................................................
604 Housing assistance .................................................................................................................
605 Food and nutrition assistance ................................................................................................
609 Other income security ............................................................................................................

3,534
16,092
15,006
19,421
7,737
12,434

1,165
4,317
2,907
111
1,966
3,217

3,717
18,349
16,036
28,629
8,875
13,515

3,723
20,577
10,749
32,300
9,017
13,027

5,326
23,215
10,848
24,780
10,566
13,592

5,446
27,340
17,927
27,932
13,775
17,915

5,557
32,007
19,748
26,927
16,576
19,658

Total, Income security ....................................................................................................................

74,224

13,684

89,121

89,393

88,326

110,335

120,473

650 Social security:
651 Social security .........................................................................................................................

74,535

20,019

85,626

94,453

104,994

119,955

141,076

(515) ..................
(74,019) (20,019)

(717)
(84,909)

(741)
(761)
(677)
(672)
(93,712) (104,233) (119,278) (140,404)

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services:
701 Income security for veterans ..................................................................................................
702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation .....................................................................
703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .................................................................................
705 Other veterans benefits and services ....................................................................................

8,685
6,015
4,436
528

2,150
1,159
1,092
125

9,454
3,984
5,074
542

10,132
2,635
5,638
618

11,212
2,510
6,112
649

11,770
2,374
6,409
641

13,210
2,351
6,919
671

Total, Veterans benefits and services ...........................................................................................

19,664

4,527

19,053

19,023

20,481

21,194

23,150

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

80

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

400 Transportation:
401 Ground transportation .............................................................................................................
402 Air transportation .....................................................................................................................
403 Water transportation ...............................................................................................................
407 Other transportation ................................................................................................................

17,697
3,747
2,931
88

19,208
4,850
2,912
110

20,685
5,266
3,244
114

20,318
6,011
3,105
126

19,349
5,484
3,915
115

18,244
5,518
3,120
115

18,267
6,906
2,861
107

Total, Transportation ......................................................................................................................

24,464

27,080

29,309

29,559

28,863

26,996

28,141

450 Community and regional development:
451 Community development ........................................................................................................
452 Area and regional development .............................................................................................
453 Disaster relief and insurance .................................................................................................

4,328
3,644
417

5,398
4,104
480

4,818
3,824
257

4,262
3,664
239

3,726
2,684
475

3,819
2,620
210

3,546
5,080
205

Total, Community and regional development ...............................................................................

8,390

9,983

8,899

8,166

6,884

6,649

8,831

500 Education, training, employment, and social services:
501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ................................................................
502 Higher education .....................................................................................................................
503 Research and general education aids ...................................................................................
504 Training and employment .......................................................................................................
505 Other labor services ...............................................................................................................
506 Social services ........................................................................................................................

6,341
8,012
1,172
4,386
600
6,072

6,816
7,364
1,258
5,515
640
6,585

7,207
6,900
1,245
8,688
685
6,917

7,926
9,705
1,338
5,422
716
7,266

7,644
8,723
1,290
4,875
679
7,086

8,965
9,001
1,414
5,226
730
7,914

9,502
8,932
1,472
5,327
778
9,038

Total, Education, training, employment, and social services .......................................................

26,583

28,178

31,642

32,372

30,298

33,249

35,050

550 Health:
551 Health care services ...............................................................................................................
552 Health research and training ..................................................................................................
554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .....................................................................

22,097
4,338
1,044

19,228
4,743
1,083

25,241
5,233
1,156

26,454
5,951
1,196

29,418
6,059
1,157

32,881
7,190
1,250

36,750
7,569
1,313

Total, Health ...................................................................................................................................

27,479

25,053

31,630

33,601

36,634

41,320

45,631

570 Medicare:
571 Medicare ..................................................................................................................................

46,562

52,591

57,835

65,579

71,202

75,105

78,806

600 Income security:
601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ...............................
602 Federal employee retirement and disability ...........................................................................
603 Unemployment compensation ................................................................................................
604 Housing assistance .................................................................................................................
605 Food and nutrition assistance ................................................................................................
609 Other income security ............................................................................................................

5,537
35,146
25,153
14,608
15,785
17,772

5,520
37,578
30,576
10,498
18,154
20,989

5,334
38,898
20,669
12,671
18,235
21,588

5,473
40,881
16,372
26,879
18,655
22,499

5,711
42,865
17,030
11,643
18,803
24,170

5,373
44,539
16,980
9,864
19,568
25,086

5,681
47,936
15,217
9,698
20,650
28,452

Total, Income security ....................................................................................................................

114,002

123,315

117,395

130,759

120,223

121,411

127,635

650 Social security:
651 Social security .........................................................................................................................

157,081

171,737

178,793

193,176

196,642

208,392

221,137

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................

(844) (20,753)
(7,083)
(8,527)
(4,861)
(4,930)
(4,852)
(156,238) (150,984) (171,710) (184,648) (191,782) (203,462) (216,285)

700 Veterans benefits and services:
701 Income security for veterans ..................................................................................................
14,510
702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation .....................................................................
1,964
703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .................................................................................
7,802
704 Veterans housing .................................................................................................................... ..................
705 Other veterans benefits and services ....................................................................................
687
Total, Veterans benefits and services ...........................................................................................
On-budget unless otherwise stated.

24,963

14,216
1,667
8,816
–78
721

14,884
1,582
9,078
201
751

15,089
1,066
10,005
306
789

15,363
605
9,964
200
757

15,392
393
10,481
100
824

15,848
395
10,836
1,484
817

25,341

26,496

27,256

26,888

27,190

29,380

81

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

400 Transportation:
401 Ground transportation .............................................................................................................
402 Air transportation .....................................................................................................................
403 Water transportation ...............................................................................................................
407 Other transportation ................................................................................................................

18,605
7,494
3,112
132

19,369
8,260
3,168
143

19,096
8,932
3,122
251

23,290
10,043
3,320
277

26,446
10,396
3,287
299

28,081
11,439
3,604
321

27,112
8,185
3,684
319

Total, Transportation ......................................................................................................................

29,342

30,940

31,401

36,929

40,428

43,445

39,300

450 Community and regional development:
451 Community development ........................................................................................................
452 Area and regional development .............................................................................................
453 Disaster relief and insurance .................................................................................................

3,061
3,512
1,308

4,060
4,033
1,728

3,694
4,061
1

3,788
3,285
5,223

4,848
2,919
2,387

5,461
3,219
6,915

5,193
3,301
4,505

Total, Community and regional development ...............................................................................

7,881

9,820

7,757

12,296

10,154

15,595

12,999

500 Education, training, employment, and social services:
501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ................................................................
502 Higher education .....................................................................................................................
503 Research and general education aids ...................................................................................
504 Training and employment .......................................................................................................
505 Other labor services ...............................................................................................................
506 Social services ........................................................................................................................

10,125
10,934
1,549
5,392
802
9,943

11,293
11,311
1,633
6,093
817
9,727

13,130
12,374
1,914
6,771
808
11,735

14,230
12,166
2,082
7,252
894
12,041

14,214
14,759
2,119
7,347
933
13,387

14,782
9,596
2,172
7,981
957
16,154

15,224
14,438
2,272
7,093
993
15,595

Total, Education, training, employment, and social services .......................................................

38,744

40,875

46,732

48,665

52,760

51,643

55,615

550 Health:
551 Health care services ...............................................................................................................
552 Health research and training ..................................................................................................
554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .....................................................................

42,017
8,281
1,397

50,426
8,988
1,503

63,880
9,877
1,646

80,087
10,703
1,764

95,638
11,161
1,817

102,938
11,613
1,935

103,118
11,887
1,981

Total, Health ...................................................................................................................................

51,694

60,917

75,402

92,554

108,616

116,486

116,986

570 Medicare:
571 Medicare ..................................................................................................................................

86,959

106,296

103,208

133,599

124,757

162,677

156,540

600 Income security:
601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ...............................
602 Federal employee retirement and disability ...........................................................................
603 Unemployment compensation ................................................................................................
604 Housing assistance .................................................................................................................
605 Food and nutrition assistance ................................................................................................
609 Other income security ............................................................................................................

5,760
50,652
15,761
9,568
21,262
29,584

5,672
53,631
18,960
11,135
25,054
31,148

5,911
57,150
27,179
19,721
29,435
38,963

5,989
58,351
39,534
19,736
33,459
43,618

5,678
61,675
38,164
21,170
39,016
49,154

6,244
64,062
28,696
21,109
39,965
57,739

5,540
67,309
23,750
15,322
40,818
62,625

Total, Income security ....................................................................................................................

132,587

145,600

178,359

200,687

214,859

217,815

215,364

650 Social security:
651 Social security .........................................................................................................................

233,502

250,641

271,253

289,532

306,338

321,138

333,289

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................

(5,069)
(3,766)
(2,722)
(6,167)
(6,248)
(5,687)
(5,481)
(228,432) (246,875) (268,532) (283,365) (300,090) (315,451) (327,808)

700 Veterans benefits and services:
701 Income security for veterans ..................................................................................................
702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation .....................................................................
703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .................................................................................
704 Veterans housing ....................................................................................................................
705 Other veterans benefits and services ....................................................................................

16,384
335
11,523
778
871

16,660
251
12,168
548
897

17,490
824
13,194
730
1,013

17,412
600
14,256
815
1,020

18,123
675
15,235
1,181
993

18,597
1,031
16,187
188
1,006

18,824
1,090
16,555
612
1,078

Total, Veterans benefits and services ...........................................................................................

29,891

30,524

33,251

34,103

36,208

37,009

38,159

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

82

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1996

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

400 Transportation:
401 Ground transportation .............................................................................................................
402 Air transportation .....................................................................................................................
403 Water transportation ...............................................................................................................
407 Other transportation ................................................................................................................

23,346
9,576
3,379
312

29,440
10,565
3,495
330

29,128
11,227
3,640
203

29,004
10,024
3,650
202

28,904
10,230
3,687
202

28,876
10,486
3,726
202

28,867
10,744
3,762
–338

Total, Transportation ......................................................................................................................

36,613

43,830

44,198

42,880

43,023

43,290

43,035

450 Community and regional development:
451 Community development ........................................................................................................
452 Area and regional development .............................................................................................
453 Disaster relief and insurance .................................................................................................

5,083
2,767
4,693

5,090
3,230
2,128

5,138
2,963
3,226

5,122
2,854
837

4,552
2,659
818

4,607
2,689
796

4,707
2,551
776

Total, Community and regional development ...............................................................................

12,543

10,448

11,327

8,813

8,029

8,092

8,034

500 Education, training, employment, and social services:
501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ................................................................
502 Higher education .....................................................................................................................
503 Research and general education aids ...................................................................................
504 Training and employment .......................................................................................................
505 Other labor services ...............................................................................................................
506 Social services ........................................................................................................................

13,697
12,725
2,102
6,911
957
15,593

16,946
9,462
2,331
7,623
1,003
16,522

23,301
13,221
2,391
7,533
1,063
17,160

18,773
14,588
2,366
7,819
1,063
17,824

19,199
14,708
2,476
8,054
1,063
18,533

19,519
15,009
2,515
6,898
1,063
19,281

19,686
14,426
2,534
7,057
1,063
20,116

Total, Education, training, employment, and social services .......................................................

51,985

53,887

64,669

62,433

64,033

64,285

64,882

550 Health:
551 Health care services ...............................................................................................................
552 Health research and training ..................................................................................................
554 Consumer and occupational health and safety .....................................................................

95,459
12,434
1,976

114,695
13,381
2,041

118,369
13,529
1,871

129,694
13,568
1,871

136,625
13,614
1,871

144,257
13,659
1,871

149,859
13,703
1,871

Total, Health ...................................................................................................................................

109,869

130,117

133,769

145,133

152,110

159,787

165,433

570 Medicare:
571 Medicare ..................................................................................................................................

179,652

194,070

206,875

219,986

229,164

245,781

263,684

600 Income security:
601 General retirement and disability insurance (excluding social security) ...............................
602 Federal employee retirement and disability ...........................................................................
603 Unemployment compensation ................................................................................................
604 Housing assistance .................................................................................................................
605 Food and nutrition assistance ................................................................................................
609 Other income security ............................................................................................................

6,185
69,754
24,964
16,430
40,434
64,277

5,945
72,660
25,139
15,235
41,414
72,187

5,905
75,579
27,207
20,159
41,234
69,334

5,870
78,879
28,428
23,922
43,332
74,327

5,865
81,964
29,518
26,596
44,636
80,126

5,976
85,057
30,621
28,018
45,912
77,913

5,865
88,354
31,675
29,331
47,851
82,160

Total, Income security ....................................................................................................................

222,044

232,580

239,418

254,758

268,705

273,497

285,236

650 Social security:
651 Social security .........................................................................................................................

352,136

367,280

385,821

403,644

422,823

443,140

464,951

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................

(5,821)
(6,943)
(7,626)
(8,112)
(8,670)
(8,723)
(9,925)
(346,315) (360,337) (378,195) (395,532) (414,153) (434,417) (455,026)

700 Veterans benefits and services:
701 Income security for veterans ..................................................................................................
702 Veterans education, training and rehabilitation .....................................................................
703 Hospital and medical care for veterans .................................................................................
704 Veterans housing ....................................................................................................................
705 Other veterans benefits and services ....................................................................................

19,703
1,013
16,812
212
1,023

20,442
1,047
17,374
–442
1,015

21,070
1,143
17,572
323
1,058

21,560
1,232
17,541
318
1,063

22,021
1,235
17,541
308
1,103

22,513
1,275
17,539
298
1,077

23,011
1,297
17,540
301
1,047

Total, Veterans benefits and services ...........................................................................................

38,763

39,436

41,166

41,714

42,208

42,702

43,196

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

83

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1976

TQ

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

750 Administration of justice:
751 Federal law enforcement activities .........................................................................................
752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ...................................................................................
753 Federal correctional activities .................................................................................................
754 Criminal justice assistance .....................................................................................................

1,561
726
208
810

414
187
55
205

1,688
863
297
758

1,897
1,029
308
654

2,071
1,190
339
656

2,219
1,370
320
498

2,417
1,484
352
169

Total, Administration of justice ......................................................................................................

3,305

861

3,605

3,889

4,257

4,407

4,423

800 General government:
801 Legislative functions ................................................................................................................
802 Executive direction and management ....................................................................................
803 Central fiscal operations .........................................................................................................
804 General property and records management ..........................................................................
805 Central personnel management .............................................................................................
806 General purpose fiscal assistance .........................................................................................
808 Other general government .....................................................................................................
809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ...........................................................................................

780
71
1,773
354
99
9,751
470
–322

188
18
463
69
25
3,470
177
–150

878
83
1,916
390
109
9,342
531
–256

913
79
2,126
224
126
10,454
618
–289

932
84
2,383
389
133
8,282
493
–198

1,111
102
2,675
338
145
8,664
592
–351

1,036
108
2,818
456
162
6,249
764
–222

Total, General government ............................................................................................................

12,974

4,260

12,993

14,250

12,498

13,279

11,370

900 Net interest:
901 Interest on the public debt .....................................................................................................
902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ............................................................................
903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ............................................................................
908 Other interest ..........................................................................................................................

37,076
–4,988
–2,812
–2,547

8,104
–177
–93
–887

41,915
–5,488
–2,650
–3,875

48,712
–6,128
–2,403
–4,723

59,858
–7,727
–2,224
–7,273

74,808
–9,707
–2,339
–10,220

95,543
–11,523
–2,288
–12,958

Total, Net interest ...........................................................................................................................

26,729

6,948

29,901

35,459

42,634

52,543

68,775

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................

(29,541)
(–2,812)

(7,040)
(–93)

(32,551)
(–2,650)

(37,862)
(–2,403)

(44,858)
(–2,224)

(54,882)
(–2,339)

(71,063)
(–2,288)

950 Undistributed offsetting receipts:
951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ...............................................................
952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ...............................................................
953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf .............................................................

–10,761
–963
–2,662

–2,646
–249
–1,311

–11,528
–977
–2,374

–12,401
–1,060
–2,259

–13,095
–1,114
–3,267

–14,638
–1,204
–4,101

–16,473
–1,430
–10,138

Total, Undistributed offsetting receipts ..........................................................................................

–14,386

–4,206

–14,879

–15,720

–17,476

–19,942

–28,041

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................

(–13,423)
(–963)

(–3,957) (–13,902) (–14,660) (–16,362) (–18,738) (–26,611)
(–249)
(–977) (–1,060) (–1,114) (–1,204) (–1,430)

Total budget authority .....................................................................................................................

420,870

96,610

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................

(350,626)
(70,244)

(76,933) (387,168) (414,370) (457,937) (554,333) (603,622)
(19,677) (81,282) (90,250) (100,895) (115,735) (136,686)

On-budget unless otherwise stated.

468,450

504,620

558,833

670,068

740,308

84

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

750 Administration of justice:
751 Federal law enforcement activities .........................................................................................
752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ...................................................................................
753 Federal correctional activities .................................................................................................
754 Criminal justice assistance .....................................................................................................

2,666
1,530
423
140

3,066
1,702
468
137

3,439
1,905
495
215

3,716
2,204
599
220

3,731
2,190
595
265

4,742
2,680
867
502

5,156
2,926
1,059
316

Total, Administration of justice ......................................................................................................

4,759

5,373

6,054

6,739

6,780

8,791

9,458

800 General government:
801 Legislative functions ................................................................................................................
802 Executive direction and management ....................................................................................
803 Central fiscal operations .........................................................................................................
804 General property and records management ..........................................................................
805 Central personnel management .............................................................................................
806 General purpose fiscal assistance .........................................................................................
808 Other general government .....................................................................................................
809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ...........................................................................................

1,175
95
2,936
295
141
6,389
543
–216

1,418
103
3,404
494
142
6,361
794
–636

1,443
111
3,633
354
148
6,795
498
–513

1,358
118
3,868
457
149
6,322
565
–506

1,412
110
4,043
477
136
5,847
760
–78

1,572
120
4,781
281
141
1,369
985
–623

1,602
128
5,172
113
145
1,963
1,805
–694

Total, General government ............................................................................................................

11,358

12,081

12,470

12,332

12,708

8,626

10,235

900 Net interest:
901 Interest on the public debt .....................................................................................................
902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ............................................................................
903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ............................................................................
908 Other interest ..........................................................................................................................

117,239
–13,995
–2,071
–16,130

128,673
–15,257
–1,845
–21,742

153,887
–17,044
–3,310
–22,410

178,898
–21,838
–4,118
–23,437

190,303
–26,628
–4,329
–23,285

195,283
–29,614
–5,290
–21,732

214,081
–34,406
–7,416
–20,426

Total, Net interest ...........................................................................................................................

85,044

89,829

111,123

129,506

136,060

138,647

151,834

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................

(87,114)
(–2,071)

(91,673) (114,433) (133,623) (140,389) (143,937) (159,249)
(–1,845) (–3,310) (–4,118) (–4,329) (–5,290) (–7,416)

950 Undistributed offsetting receipts:
951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ...............................................................
–18,203 –21,706 –23,219 –24,648 –25,434
952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ...............................................................
–1,646
–1,778
–2,044
–2,509
–2,857
953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf .............................................................
–6,250 –10,491
–6,694
–5,542
–4,716
954 Sale of major assets .............................................................................................................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
Total, Undistributed offsetting receipts ..........................................................................................
(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................
Total budget authority .....................................................................................................................
(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................
On-budget unless otherwise stated.

–26,099

–33,976

–31,957

–32,698

–33,007

–27,259 –29,037
–3,300
–4,382
–4,021
–3,548
–1,875 ..................
–36,455

–36,967

(–24,453) (–32,198) (–29,913) (–30,189) (–30,150) (–33,155) (–32,585)
(–1,646) (–1,778) (–2,044) (–2,509) (–2,857) (–3,300) (–4,382)
806,534

869,861

923,467 1,028,407 1,014,069 1,033,157 1,091,588

(654,013) (722,500) (757,110) (850,385) (829,474) (838,285) (887,100)
(152,521) (147,361) (166,356) (178,021) (184,595) (194,872) (204,488)

85

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

750 Administration of justice:
751 Federal law enforcement activities .........................................................................................
752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ...................................................................................
753 Federal correctional activities .................................................................................................
754 Criminal justice assistance .....................................................................................................

4,792
3,288
1,553
424

5,200
3,827
2,578
774

5,952
4,614
1,728
853

6,690
5,130
2,101
872

6,751
5,486
1,937
1,006

6,768
5,884
2,222
859

7,516
6,100
2,557
2,582

Total, Administration of justice ......................................................................................................

10,057

12,378

13,147

14,793

15,180

15,734

18,755

800 General government:
801 Legislative functions ................................................................................................................
802 Executive direction and management ....................................................................................
803 Central fiscal operations .........................................................................................................
804 General property and records management ..........................................................................
805 Central personnel management .............................................................................................
806 General purpose fiscal assistance .........................................................................................
808 Other general government .....................................................................................................
809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ...........................................................................................

1,807
137
5,805
475
151
2,043
817
–893

1,811
296
6,215
2,313
161
2,033
745
–361

2,021
188
6,257
2,095
171
2,138
1,462
–718

2,137
212
7,022
508
179
1,893
1,705
–480

2,109
254
7,254
763
186
1,919
1,495
–739

2,107
255
7,760
813
185
2,130
948
–2,087

2,172
255
7,791
376
177
1,827
1,714
–1,077

Total, General government ............................................................................................................

10,343

13,213

13,613

13,175

13,240

12,110

13,235

900 Net interest:
901 Interest on the public debt .....................................................................................................
902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ............................................................................
903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ............................................................................
908 Other interest ..........................................................................................................................

240,882
–40,467
–11,395
–19,609

264,724
–46,321
–15,991
–17,701

285,455
–50,426
–20,222
–20,698

292,323
–54,193
–23,637
–15,035

292,502
–55,537
–26,788
–11,356

296,278
–56,494
–29,203
–7,618

332,414
–59,871
–33,305
–7,055

Total, Net interest ...........................................................................................................................

169,412

184,711

194,109

199,457

198,822

202,962

232,183

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................

(180,807) (200,702) (214,331) (223,095) (225,610) (232,166) (265,488)
(–11,395) (–15,991) (–20,222) (–23,637) (–26,788) (–29,203) (–33,305)

950 Undistributed offsetting receipts:
951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ...............................................................
–29,425 –28,044 –30,402 –30,680 –28,186 –28,361
952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ...............................................................
–4,858
–5,567
–5,804
–6,101
–6,416
–6,409
953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf .............................................................
–2,929
–3,004
–3,150
–2,498
–2,785
–3,001
959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
Total, Undistributed offsetting receipts ..........................................................................................
(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................

–37,212

–36,615

–39,356

–39,280

–37,386

–37,772

–27,961
–6,432
–2,418
–7,644
–44,455

(–32,354) (–31,048) (–33,553) (–33,179) (–30,970) (–31,362) (–38,023)
(–4,858) (–5,567) (–5,804) (–6,101) (–6,416) (–6,409) (–6,432)

Total budget authority ..................................................................................................................... 1,197,603 1,286,623 1,386,152 1,467,488 1,474,423 1,529,291 1,539,653
(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................
On-budget unless otherwise stated.

(983,813) (1,058,223) (1,140,346) (1,211,664) (1,205,297) (1,246,720) (1,249,028)
(213,790) (228,400) (245,807) (255,824) (269,126) (282,571) (290,625)

86

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.1—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Function and Subfunction

1996

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

750 Administration of justice:
751 Federal law enforcement activities .........................................................................................
752 Federal litigative and judicial activities ...................................................................................
753 Federal correctional activities .................................................................................................
754 Criminal justice assistance .....................................................................................................

7,976
6,060
2,881
4,134

9,413
6,476
3,189
4,693

10,087
7,120
3,245
4,416

8,907
7,220
3,253
6,204

9,099
7,415
3,340
4,921

9,338
7,609
3,429
4,839

9,591
7,830
3,550
4,960

Total, Administration of justice ......................................................................................................

21,051

23,771

24,868

25,584

24,775

25,215

25,931

800 General government:
801 Legislative functions ................................................................................................................
802 Executive direction and management ....................................................................................
803 Central fiscal operations .........................................................................................................
804 General property and records management ..........................................................................
805 Central personnel management .............................................................................................
806 General purpose fiscal assistance .........................................................................................
808 Other general government .....................................................................................................
809 Deductions for offsetting receipts ...........................................................................................

1,925
270
7,678
415
154
1,994
851
–1,694

1,973
402
7,472
756
150
2,088
1,195
–1,184

2,170
548
8,392
428
148
2,162
966
–1,184

2,178
548
8,300
343
148
2,040
965
–1,184

2,197
548
7,813
343
148
2,177
948
–1,184

2,209
554
7,826
343
148
2,030
951
–1,184

2,219
548
7,842
343
148
2,222
952
–1,184

Total, General government ............................................................................................................

11,593

12,852

13,630

13,338

12,990

12,877

13,090

900 Net interest:
901 Interest on the public debt .....................................................................................................
902 Interest received by on-budget trust funds ............................................................................
903 Interest received by off-budget trust funds ............................................................................
908 Other interest ..........................................................................................................................

343,955
–60,869
–36,507
–5,488

356,740
–62,812
–41,238
–5,308

366,107
–63,746
–45,199
–7,303

372,469
–64,616
–49,228
–6,782

374,287
–65,414
–53,181
–7,489

376,903
–66,435
–57,272
–8,233

376,792
–67,447
–61,554
–9,029

Total, Net interest ...........................................................................................................................

241,091

247,382

249,859

251,843

248,203

244,963

238,762

(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................

(277,598) (288,620) (295,058) (301,071) (301,384) (302,235) (300,316)
(–36,507) (–41,238) (–45,199) (–49,228) (–53,181) (–57,272) (–61,554)

950 Undistributed offsetting receipts:
951 Employer share, employee retirement (on-budget) ...............................................................
–27,259 –27,869
952 Employer share, employee retirement (off-budget) ...............................................................
–6,278
–6,505
953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf .............................................................
–3,741
–4,152
954 Sale of major assets .............................................................................................................. .................. ..................
959 Other undistributed offsetting receipts ...................................................................................
–342
–7,961
Total, Undistributed offsetting receipts ..........................................................................................
(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................

–37,620

–46,487

–28,428 –28,758 –29,693 –30,627 –31,815
–7,028
–7,633
–8,356
–8,942
–9,781
–4,375
–4,036
–3,885
–4,050
–4,254
–4,300 .................. .................. .................. ..................
–11,459
–3,104
–4,064
–6,432 –22,100
–55,590

–43,531

–45,998

–50,051

–67,950

(–31,342) (–39,982) (–48,562) (–35,898) (–37,642) (–41,109) (–58,169)
(–6,278) (–6,505) (–7,028) (–7,633) (–8,356) (–8,942) (–9,781)

Total budget authority ..................................................................................................................... 1,581,063 1,652,881 1,709,547 1,777,401 1,831,705 1,879,990 1,922,332
(On-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (1,274,092) (1,332,287) (1,378,612) (1,437,280) (1,477,932) (1,509,376) (1,535,315)
(Off-budget) ................................................................................................................................ (306,971) (320,594) (330,935) (340,121) (353,773) (370,614) (387,017)
On-budget unless otherwise stated.

87

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.2—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2002
(in millions of dollars)

Department or other unit

1976

TQ

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

Legislative Branch ................................................................................................................
The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................
Executive Office of the President ........................................................................................
Funds Appropriated to the President ...................................................................................
Agriculture .............................................................................................................................
Commerce .............................................................................................................................
Defense—Military ..................................................................................................................
Defense—Civil ......................................................................................................................
Education ..............................................................................................................................
Energy ...................................................................................................................................
Health and Human Services ................................................................................................
Housing and Urban Development ........................................................................................
Interior ...................................................................................................................................
Justice ...................................................................................................................................
Labor .....................................................................................................................................
State ......................................................................................................................................
Transportation .......................................................................................................................
Treasury ................................................................................................................................
Veterans Affairs ....................................................................................................................
Environmental Protection Agency ........................................................................................
General Services Administration ..........................................................................................
National Aeronautics and Space Administration .................................................................
Office of Personnel Management ........................................................................................
Small Business Administration .............................................................................................
Social Security Administration (On-budget) .........................................................................
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) .........................................................................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ...........................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts ...........................................................................................
(On-budget) ......................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ......................................................................................................................

936
346
69
10,933
20,755
1,732
95,503
9,524
9,314
4,946
40,368
29,200
2,733
2,180
21,933
909
11,082
46,645
19,653
772
289
3,552
8,870
621
7,044
74,019
19,130
–22,186
(–18,411)
(–3,775)

226
87
18
–733
4,245
357
22,925
2,603
3,227
1,312
10,154
400
1,036
566
3,790
387
5,128
11,013
4,524
189
51
932
2,406
31
1,741
20,019
4,452
–4,477
(–4,135)
(–342)

1,057
431
78
5,387
21,897
7,814
107,906
10,738
10,568
6,977
47,035
33,818
3,733
2,340
30,232
1,187
9,763
50,337
19,043
2,764
353
3,876
10,255
1,068
7,574
84,909
10,327
–23,018
(–19,390)
(–3,627)

1,087
459
78
8,546
26,719
1,892
114,531
11,981
11,625
10,660
51,945
37,994
4,639
2,378
15,859
1,421
14,035
57,291
19,013
5,499
180
4,244
11,631
3,555
6,959
93,712
10,940
–24,250
(–20,788)
(–3,463)

1,131
521
82
6,748
37,314
2,086
123,595
13,083
13,996
10,331
59,726
31,142
4,766
2,502
23,719
1,660
17,917
64,598
20,471
5,403
378
4,743
13,314
2,081
7,262
104,233
13,457
–27,428
(–24,089)
(–3,338)

1,318
609
101
13,422
39,628
2,610
140,651
15,237
15,209
10,025
70,002
35,852
4,674
2,472
28,806
1,968
19,963
90,535
21,177
4,669
297
5,350
15,711
2,145
8,184
119,278
32,163
–31,988
(–28,445)
(–3,543)

1,251
656
103
16,515
47,496
2,072
176,110
16,953
16,752
11,241
80,788
34,220
4,403
2,325
29,897
2,111
25,520
92,137
23,136
3,026
404
5,634
18,595
1,355
9,001
140,404
20,052
–41,852
(–38,134)
(–3,718)

Total budget authority .............................................................................................

420,870

96,610

468,450

504,620

558,833

670,068

740,308

88

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.2—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Department or other unit

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

Legislative Branch ................................................................................................................
The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................
Executive Office of the President ........................................................................................
Funds Appropriated to the President ...................................................................................
Agriculture .............................................................................................................................
Commerce .............................................................................................................................
Defense—Military ..................................................................................................................
Defense—Civil ......................................................................................................................
Education ..............................................................................................................................
Energy ...................................................................................................................................
Health and Human Services ................................................................................................
Housing and Urban Development ........................................................................................
Interior ...................................................................................................................................
Justice ...................................................................................................................................
Labor .....................................................................................................................................
State ......................................................................................................................................
Transportation .......................................................................................................................
Treasury ................................................................................................................................
Veterans Affairs ....................................................................................................................
Environmental Protection Agency ........................................................................................
General Services Administration ..........................................................................................
National Aeronautics and Space Administration .................................................................
Office of Personnel Management ........................................................................................
Small Business Administration .............................................................................................
Social Security Administration (On-budget) .........................................................................
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) .........................................................................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ...........................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts ...........................................................................................
(On-budget) ......................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ......................................................................................................................

1,414
733
93
11,032
57,481
1,834
211,513
18,000
15,374
12,486
86,307
20,911
3,805
2,627
30,984
2,279
23,739
111,295
24,948
3,674
247
6,200
20,810
748
9,712
156,238
14,214
–42,165
(–38,448)
(–3,717)

1,687
823
101
6,590
69,921
1,923
238,900
19,591
15,267
11,893
91,478
16,561
4,952
3,046
37,193
2,391
26,308
117,291
25,324
3,688
422
7,065
22,302
1,278
31,544
150,984
12,417
–51,078
(–47,455)
(–3,623)

1,770
904
109
18,946
46,824
2,016
258,176
19,225
15,336
10,953
103,716
18,148
4,912
3,461
30,945
2,556
28,596
141,702
26,477
4,064
277
7,458
23,530
971
18,899
171,710
14,114
–52,329
(–46,975)
(–5,354)

1,705
1,055
116
20,364
61,916
2,309
286,827
20,114
18,952
12,618
113,982
31,398
5,011
3,848
22,837
3,069
28,770
166,176
27,298
4,346
366
7,573
24,616
1,254
21,003
184,648
14,893
–58,656
(–52,029)
(–6,627)

1,722
1,045
108
10,709
59,249
1,980
281,436
20,203
17,750
10,559
123,593
15,928
4,584
3,865
23,603
3,568
28,079
179,823
27,075
3,446
388
7,807
26,294
714
16,917
191,782
16,877
–65,036
(–57,850)
(–7,186)

1,875
1,273
118
13,002
52,518
2,155
279,469
21,114
19,476
10,125
133,446
14,657
5,274
5,210
22,995
3,238
26,122
181,890
27,363
5,344
189
10,923
27,299
604
17,376
203,462
18,901
–72,262
(–63,672)
(–8,590)

2,127
1,344
125
11,656
55,236
2,450
283,755
22,310
20,098
11,163
142,400
14,949
5,241
5,630
22,154
3,325
27,169
204,119
29,432
4,968
5
9,062
30,164
418
19,246
216,285
25,545
–78,789
(–66,992)
(–11,798)

Total budget authority .............................................................................................

806,534

869,861

923,467

1,028,407

1,014,069

1,033,157

1,091,588

89

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.2—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Department or other unit

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

Legislative Branch ................................................................................................................
The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................
Executive Office of the President ........................................................................................
Funds Appropriated to the President ...................................................................................
Agriculture .............................................................................................................................
Commerce .............................................................................................................................
Defense—Military ..................................................................................................................
Defense—Civil ......................................................................................................................
Education ..............................................................................................................................
Energy ...................................................................................................................................
Health and Human Services ................................................................................................
Housing and Urban Development ........................................................................................
Interior ...................................................................................................................................
Justice ...................................................................................................................................
Labor .....................................................................................................................................
State ......................................................................................................................................
Transportation .......................................................................................................................
Treasury ................................................................................................................................
Veterans Affairs ....................................................................................................................
Environmental Protection Agency ........................................................................................
General Services Administration ..........................................................................................
National Aeronautics and Space Administration .................................................................
Office of Personnel Management ........................................................................................
Small Business Administration .............................................................................................
Social Security Administration (On-budget) .........................................................................
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) .........................................................................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ...........................................................................
Other Independent Agencies (Off-budget) ...........................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts ...........................................................................................
(On-budget) ......................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ......................................................................................................................

2,277
1,481
129
10,953
55,733
2,807
290,837
23,528
22,819
11,697
156,734
14,347
5,477
6,732
23,031
3,625
28,455
232,099
29,893
5,081
63
10,969
32,163
421
19,524
228,432
65,760
1,610
–89,074
(–72,822)
(–16,252)

2,255
1,752
177
12,525
55,327
3,684
292,999
24,924
24,549
13,984
185,103
17,315
6,681
8,596
26,508
3,868
30,166
259,022
30,461
5,380
2,934
12,324
35,224
928
18,294
246,875
60,615
3,083
–98,930
(–77,371)
(–21,558)

2,498
2,118
184
15,735
60,075
2,649
275,744
26,637
27,360
16,110
201,488
27,634
6,863
8,966
35,385
4,354
30,971
278,267
33,152
6,004
1,971
14,016
36,782
464
21,425
268,532
87,471
3,301
–110,005
(–83,979)
(–26,026)

2,641
2,445
202
13,449
66,288
3,023
281,883
28,415
28,685
17,206
251,450
24,966
7,087
9,977
48,058
5,194
36,224
295,704
33,933
6,461
367
14,317
35,765
1,891
24,815
283,365
58,590
2,198
–117,111
(–87,372)
(–29,739)

2,630
2,613
236
24,675
67,857
3,159
267,402
29,883
31,324
17,721
257,716
26,468
6,859
10,491
46,892
5,484
39,971
300,506
36,019
6,737
618
14,310
39,345
1,177
28,880
300,090
22,829
2,239
–119,711
(–86,507)
(–33,203)

2,617
2,832
232
9,567
65,585
3,811
251,364
30,929
26,881
17,168
307,714
26,322
7,460
10,202
38,232
5,837
42,261
309,294
36,827
6,436
640
14,570
40,380
2,058
33,147
315,451
42,210
2,732
–123,469
(–87,857)
(–35,612)

2,699
2,998
196
14,951
58,571
4,025
255,651
31,373
32,245
15,027
301,990
19,800
7,519
12,866
32,206
5,262
38,058
353,753
38,051
5,710
187
13,854
42,923
792
33,269
327,808
22,947
2,554
–137,632
(–97,895)
(–39,737)

Total budget authority .............................................................................................

1,197,603

1,286,623

1,386,152

1,467,488

1,474,423

1,529,291

1,539,653

90

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.2—BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Department or other unit
Legislative Branch ................................................................................................................
The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................
Executive Office of the President ........................................................................................
Funds Appropriated to the President ...................................................................................
Agriculture .............................................................................................................................
Commerce .............................................................................................................................
Defense—Military ..................................................................................................................
Defense—Civil ......................................................................................................................
Education ..............................................................................................................................
Energy ...................................................................................................................................
Health and Human Services ................................................................................................
Housing and Urban Development ........................................................................................
Interior ...................................................................................................................................
Justice ...................................................................................................................................
Labor .....................................................................................................................................
State ......................................................................................................................................
Transportation .......................................................................................................................
Treasury ................................................................................................................................
Veterans Affairs ....................................................................................................................
Environmental Protection Agency ........................................................................................
General Services Administration ..........................................................................................
National Aeronautics and Space Administration .................................................................
Office of Personnel Management ........................................................................................
Small Business Administration .............................................................................................
Social Security Administration (On-budget) .........................................................................
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) .........................................................................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ...........................................................................
Other Independent Agencies (Off-budget) ...........................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts ...........................................................................................
(On-budget) ......................................................................................................................
(Off-budget) ......................................................................................................................
Total budget authority .............................................................................................

1996

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

2,465
2,526
2,754
2,786
2,822
2,848
2,878
3,174
3,364
3,751
3,851
3,958
4,068
4,175
203
212
230
230
230
230
230
10,243
10,579
14,876
10,471
10,637
10,836
10,969
58,734
60,615
60,275
60,270
62,309
62,749
65,646
3,612
3,697
4,168
4,806
6,063
3,976
3,930
254,406
249,990
250,697
256,315
262,767
269,551
277,496
32,390
33,774
35,190
35,891
36,995
37,971
39,039
29,097
29,358
39,470
36,391
37,017
37,728
37,381
14,136
14,225
17,018
15,537
14,571
13,978
11,383
318,454
357,276
370,026
396,345
414,345
439,204
463,096
21,093
19,386
23,003
28,714
30,562
31,148
31,771
7,211
7,065
7,299
7,285
7,355
7,348
7,282
15,185
17,421
17,784
18,413
17,447
17,707
18,175
33,434
34,421
37,475
39,004
40,343
40,301
41,525
5,080
5,209
5,542
6,343
5,472
5,552
5,610
35,716
42,953
43,254
42,058
42,224
42,472
42,202
365,768
382,575
392,936
399,575
401,389
404,390
404,887
38,714
39,391
41,086
41,642
42,101
42,605
43,126
6,268
6,590
7,659
7,778
7,176
7,192
7,299
217
709
219
134
134
140
134
13,886
13,710
13,501
13,411
13,201
13,202
13,201
43,814
44,834
47,810
50,065
52,267
54,652
57,288
1,089
865
652
669
719
719
720
31,014
35,325
34,515
37,716
41,655
38,375
42,909
346,315
360,337
378,195
395,532
414,153
434,417
455,026
20,901
19,011
20,872
22,094
27,229
27,978
28,579
3,441
8,000
4,967
1,450
1,157
2,411
3,326
–134,997 –150,537 –165,677 –157,375 –164,593 –173,758 –196,951
(–92,212) (–102,794) (–113,450) (–100,514) (–103,056) (–107,544) (–125,616)
(–42,785) (–47,743) (–52,227) (–56,861) (–61,537) (–66,214) (–71,335)
1,581,063

1,652,881

1,709,547

1,777,401

1,831,705

1,879,990

1,922,332

91

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2002
Department or other unit

1976

TQ

1977

1978

1979

Legislative Branch ................................................................................................................
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Executive Office of the President ........................................................................................
*
*
*
*
*
Funds Appropriated to the President ...................................................................................
3.1
2.2
3.0
3.3
3.9
Agriculture .............................................................................................................................
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.3
Commerce .............................................................................................................................
0.9
0.8
3.2
0.7
0.8
Defense—Military ..................................................................................................................
49.4
52.8
44.6
44.9
45.8
Defense—Civil ......................................................................................................................
1.1
1.5
1.0
1.1
1.0
Education ..............................................................................................................................
4.2
7.2
4.0
4.0
4.3
Energy ...................................................................................................................................
2.7
3.2
3.0
4.4
4.0
Health and Human Services ................................................................................................
3.7
3.3
3.4
3.7
3.7
Housing and Urban Development ........................................................................................
11.1
0.4
13.6
14.6
11.2
Interior ...................................................................................................................................
1.5
2.3
1.7
1.9
1.9
Justice ...................................................................................................................................
1.1
1.3
1.0
0.9
0.9
Labor .....................................................................................................................................
3.3
1.7
5.6
1.7
4.2
State ......................................................................................................................................
0.4
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.6
Transportation .......................................................................................................................
2.9
2.4
2.2
2.4
3.2
Treasury ................................................................................................................................
2.5
4.7
1.8
2.0
1.4
Veterans Affairs ....................................................................................................................
2.5
2.8
2.3
2.4
2.5
Environmental Protection Agency ........................................................................................
0.4
0.4
1.1
2.2
2.0
General Services Administration ..........................................................................................
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
National Aeronautics and Space Administration .................................................................
1.8
2.1
1.6
1.7
1.8
Office of Personnel Management ........................................................................................
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
*
Small Business Administration .............................................................................................
0.3
0.1
0.4
1.4
0.8
Social Security Administration (Off-budget) ......................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ...........................................................................
3.5
6.6
2.9
3.1
3.1
Total budget authority .............................................................................................
* 0.05 percent or less.

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1980

1981

0.4
0.2
*
3.1
2.2
0.9
46.2
1.1
3.8
2.2
4.1
10.9
1.6
0.8
3.0
0.6
3.2
5.6
2.3
1.5
0.1
1.7
*
0.7
–*
3.5

0.4
0.2
*
4.1
2.3
0.6
52.7
0.9
3.4
4.0
3.9
9.4
1.4
0.7
2.6
0.6
3.9
0.9
2.3
0.9
0.1
1.7
*
0.4
–*
2.6

100.0

100.0

92

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2002—Continued
Department or other unit

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

Legislative Branch ................................................................................................................
The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................
Executive Office of the President ........................................................................................
Funds Appropriated to the President ...................................................................................
Agriculture .............................................................................................................................
Commerce .............................................................................................................................
Defense—Military ..................................................................................................................
Defense—Civil ......................................................................................................................
Education ..............................................................................................................................
Energy ...................................................................................................................................
Health and Human Services ................................................................................................
Housing and Urban Development ........................................................................................
Interior ...................................................................................................................................
Justice ...................................................................................................................................
Labor .....................................................................................................................................
State ......................................................................................................................................
Transportation .......................................................................................................................
Treasury ................................................................................................................................
Veterans Affairs ....................................................................................................................
Environmental Protection Agency ........................................................................................
General Services Administration ..........................................................................................
National Aeronautics and Space Administration .................................................................
Office of Personnel Management ........................................................................................
Small Business Administration .............................................................................................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ...........................................................................

0.4
0.2
*
3.0
2.0
0.5
60.8
0.9
3.1
3.7
3.6
5.4
1.3
0.7
1.2
0.6
3.9
1.2
2.4
1.1
0.1
1.8
*
0.2
1.9

0.4
0.2
*
3.2
2.1
0.5
62.7
0.9
3.0
3.3
3.5
4.1
1.4
0.8
1.4
0.6
2.9
1.2
2.5
1.0
0.1
1.9
*
0.3
1.9

0.4
0.2
*
5.0
2.0
0.5
62.3
0.7
2.9
3.0
3.4
4.0
1.2
0.8
1.9
0.6
2.5
1.2
2.4
1.0
0.1
1.8
*
0.2
1.9

0.3
0.2
*
4.1
2.0
0.5
63.9
0.7
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.8
1.2
0.8
1.1
0.6
2.4
1.3
2.4
1.0
0.1
1.7
*
0.3
1.8

0.4
0.2
*
3.4
2.0
0.5
65.6
0.6
3.1
2.7
3.4
3.5
1.1
0.9
1.1
0.8
2.2
1.3
2.5
0.8
0.1
1.8
*
0.2
1.8

0.4
0.3
*
3.1
2.0
0.5
64.0
0.7
3.5
2.6
3.7
2.9
1.2
1.1
1.2
0.7
2.2
1.4
2.6
1.2
0.1
2.5
*
0.1
1.8

0.4
0.3
*
2.9
2.1
0.6
63.9
0.7
3.6
2.9
3.9
2.9
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.7
2.2
1.7
2.6
1.1
*
2.0
*
0.1
1.8

Total budget authority .............................................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

* 0.05 percent or less.

93

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2002—Continued
Department or other unit

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

Legislative Branch ................................................................................................................
The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................
Executive Office of the President ........................................................................................
Funds Appropriated to the President ...................................................................................
Agriculture .............................................................................................................................
Commerce .............................................................................................................................
Defense—Military ..................................................................................................................
Defense—Civil ......................................................................................................................
Education ..............................................................................................................................
Energy ...................................................................................................................................
Health and Human Services ................................................................................................
Housing and Urban Development ........................................................................................
Interior ...................................................................................................................................
Justice ...................................................................................................................................
Labor .....................................................................................................................................
State ......................................................................................................................................
Transportation .......................................................................................................................
Treasury ................................................................................................................................
Veterans Affairs ....................................................................................................................
Environmental Protection Agency ........................................................................................
General Services Administration ..........................................................................................
National Aeronautics and Space Administration .................................................................
Office of Personnel Management ........................................................................................
Small Business Administration .............................................................................................
Social Security Administration (On-budget) .........................................................................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ...........................................................................

0.4
0.3
*
2.6
2.2
0.6
62.9
0.7
3.7
2.9
4.0
2.7
1.2
1.3
1.1
0.7
2.3
1.7
2.7
1.1
*
2.3
*
0.1
0.2
2.2

0.4
0.3
*
2.8
2.2
0.7
59.5
0.7
3.8
3.2
4.6
2.9
1.3
1.6
1.7
0.7
2.6
1.6
2.7
1.1
0.5
2.5
*
0.2
0.2
2.1

0.4
0.4
*
2.6
2.2
0.5
58.8
0.6
3.9
3.3
4.9
4.3
1.3
1.5
1.7
0.7
2.4
1.6
2.6
1.1
0.4
2.6
*
0.1
0.3
1.8

0.4
0.4
*
2.4
2.9
0.6
54.1
0.7
4.3
3.6
5.4
4.4
1.4
1.7
1.9
0.9
2.7
1.8
3.0
1.3
0.1
2.7
*
0.3
0.2
2.7

0.4
0.5
*
4.7
3.0
0.6
50.3
0.8
4.5
3.7
5.8
4.9
1.4
1.8
1.9
1.0
2.6
1.9
3.2
1.3
0.1
2.7
*
0.2
0.3
2.4

0.4
0.5
*
2.2
3.3
0.8
48.9
0.8
4.8
3.7
6.4
5.1
1.5
1.8
2.1
1.1
2.8
2.0
3.5
1.3
0.1
2.8
*
0.4
0.3
3.3

0.5
0.5
*
2.4
3.1
0.8
51.0
0.7
4.8
3.4
6.6
4.0
1.4
2.4
1.9
1.0
2.2
2.1
3.6
1.2
*
2.7
*
0.2
0.5
3.0

Total budget authority .............................................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

* 0.05 percent or less.

94

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 5.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1976–2002—Continued
Department or other unit

1996
estimate

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

Legislative Branch ................................................................................................................
The Judiciary ........................................................................................................................
Executive Office of the President ........................................................................................
Funds Appropriated to the President ...................................................................................
Agriculture .............................................................................................................................
Commerce .............................................................................................................................
Defense—Military ..................................................................................................................
Defense—Civil ......................................................................................................................
Education ..............................................................................................................................
Energy ...................................................................................................................................
Health and Human Services ................................................................................................
Housing and Urban Development ........................................................................................
Interior ...................................................................................................................................
Justice ...................................................................................................................................
Labor .....................................................................................................................................
State ......................................................................................................................................
Transportation .......................................................................................................................
Treasury ................................................................................................................................
Veterans Affairs ....................................................................................................................
Environmental Protection Agency ........................................................................................
General Services Administration ..........................................................................................
National Aeronautics and Space Administration .................................................................
Office of Personnel Management ........................................................................................
Small Business Administration .............................................................................................
Social Security Administration (On-budget) .........................................................................
Other Independent Agencies (On-budget) ...........................................................................
Allowances ............................................................................................................................

0.4
0.6
*
2.2
3.0
0.8
50.5
0.7
4.8
3.3
6.6
4.1
1.4
2.9
2.0
1.0
2.5
2.1
3.7
1.3
*
2.8
*
0.1
0.4
2.8
*

0.5
0.6
*
2.3
3.0
0.9
48.5
0.7
5.1
3.3
7.0
4.3
1.4
3.3
2.1
1.0
2.5
2.3
3.8
1.4
0.1
2.8
*
0.2
0.4
2.2
0.4

0.5
0.7
*
2.2
2.9
0.9
49.1
0.6
5.2
3.2
6.8
5.3
1.4
3.5
2.1
1.0
2.4
2.2
3.4
1.4
*
2.6
*
0.1
0.4
2.1
0.1

0.5
0.7
*
2.1
2.8
0.9
49.9
0.6
5.3
2.8
6.6
5.6
1.4
3.6
2.1
0.9
2.3
2.2
3.1
1.4
*
2.4
*
0.1
0.4
2.1
0.1

0.5
0.7
*
2.0
2.7
1.2
50.8
0.5
5.4
2.6
6.4
5.9
1.3
3.6
2.1
0.8
2.2
2.2
2.8
1.4
*
2.3
*
0.1
0.4
2.0
0.1

0.5
0.7
*
2.0
2.7
0.8
49.5
0.6
5.2
2.7
6.4
6.1
1.3
3.2
2.0
0.9
2.2
2.1
3.0
1.4
*
2.3
*
0.1
0.4
2.0
1.7

0.5
0.7
*
2.1
2.8
0.8
48.7
0.6
5.2
2.9
6.6
6.4
1.3
2.9
2.0
0.8
2.2
2.1
3.3
1.4
*
2.5
*
0.1
0.4
2.0
1.7

Total budget authority .............................................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

* 0.05 percent or less.

95

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2002
Category

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

In millions of current dollars
Total outlays .............................................................................

9,468

13,653

35,137

78,555

91,304

92,712

55,232

34,496

29,764

38,835

National defense 1 ....................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals ......................................................
Direct payments 2 ............................................................
Grants to State and local governments ..........................
All other grants ....................................................................
Net Interest 2 ........................................................................
All other 2 ..............................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................

1,660

6,435

25,658

66,699

79,143

82,965

42,681

12,808

9,105

13,150

1,657
(1,360)
(298)
574
899
4,995
–317

1,730
(1,374)
(356)
491
943
4,601
–547

1,758
(1,348)
(410)
482
1,052
7,081
–894

1,647
(1,220)
(427)
487
1,529
9,414
–1,221

1,721
(1,260)
(461)
449
2,219
9,092
–1,320

2,215
(1,784)
(432)
427
3,112
5,382
–1,389

5,673
(5,222)
(451)
368
4,111
3,867
–1,468

9,052
(8,292)
(761)
842
4,204
9,141
–1,552

9,043
(8,208)
(835)
777
4,341
8,141
–1,643

10,065
(9,029)
(1,036)
840
4,523
12,035
–1,779

Total nondefense .............................................................

7,808

7,218

9,479

11,856

12,161

9,747

12,551

21,688

20,659

25,685

In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars
Total outlays .............................................................................

109.2

150.2

334.0

669.1

825.5

862.4

529.0

276.2

232.5

302.0

National defense 1 ....................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals ......................................................
Direct payments 2 ............................................................
Grants to State and local governments ..........................
All other grants ....................................................................
Net Interest 2 ........................................................................
All other 2 ..............................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................

20.8

69.5

223.7

525.2

680.5

765.4

432.4

122.0

88.3

123.4

15.9
(13.1)
(2.9)
6.9
8.8
61.5
–4.8

15.9
(12.6)
(3.3)
6.2
8.9
58.8
–9.0

14.9
(11.4)
(3.5)
6.1
9.4
93.3
–13.2

12.7
(9.4)
(3.3)
5.8
13.2
129.7
–17.5

12.4
(9.1)
(3.3)
5.2
18.9
126.8
–18.7

15.3
(12.3)
(3.0)
4.9
25.7
70.3
–18.5

36.6
(33.7)
(2.9)
3.9
29.8
43.5
–17.4

53.0
(48.6)
(4.5)
6.6
25.5
83.6
–14.4

50.2
(45.6)
(4.6)
6.3
25.0
79.7
–16.9

54.6
(49.0)
(5.6)
6.3
25.0
109.7
–17.1

Total nondefense .............................................................

88.3

80.6

110.3

143.9

144.8

97.8

96.4

154.1

144.3

178.6

As percentages of GDP
Total outlays .............................................................................

9.7

11.8

24.2

43.7

44.2

42.6

25.4

15.1

11.7

14.4

National defense 1 ....................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals ......................................................
Direct payments 2 ............................................................
Grants to State and local governments ..........................
All other grants ....................................................................
Net Interest 2 ........................................................................
All other 2 ..............................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................

1.7

5.6

17.7

37.1

38.3

38.2

19.6

5.6

3.6

4.9

1.7
(1.4)
(0.3)
0.6
0.9
5.1
–0.3

1.5
(1.2)
(0.3)
0.4
0.8
4.0
–0.5

1.2
(0.9)
(0.3)
0.3
0.7
4.9
–0.6

0.9
(0.7)
(0.2)
0.3
0.9
5.2
–0.7

0.8
(0.6)
(0.2)
0.2
1.1
4.4
–0.6

1.0
(0.8)
(0.2)
0.2
1.4
2.5
–0.6

2.6
(2.4)
(0.2)
0.2
1.9
1.8
–0.7

4.0
(3.6)
(0.3)
0.4
1.8
4.0
–0.7

3.6
(3.2)
(0.3)
0.3
1.7
3.2
–0.6

3.7
(3.4)
(0.4)
0.3
1.7
4.5
–0.7

Total nondefense .............................................................

8.0

6.3

6.5

6.6

5.9

4.5

5.8

9.5

8.1

9.5

Addendum: GDP ($ billions) ....................................................

97.8

115.4

145.3

179.8

206.7

217.4

217.8

228.5

253.5

269.5

As percentages of outlays
Total outlays .............................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

National defense 1 ....................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals ......................................................
Direct payments 2 ............................................................
Grants to State and local governments ..........................
All other grants ....................................................................
Net Interest 2 ........................................................................
All other 2 ..............................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ........................................

17.5

47.1

73.0

84.9

86.7

89.5

77.3

37.1

30.6

33.9

17.5
(14.4)
(3.1)
6.1
9.5
52.8
–3.4

12.7
(10.1)
(2.6)
3.6
6.9
33.7
–4.0

5.0
(3.8)
(1.2)
1.4
3.0
20.2
–2.5

2.1
(1.6)
(0.5)
0.6
1.9
12.0
–1.6

1.9
(1.4)
(0.5)
0.5
2.4
10.0
–1.4

2.4
(1.9)
(0.5)
0.5
3.4
5.8
–1.5

10.3
(9.5)
(0.8)
0.7
7.4
7.0
–2.7

26.2
(24.0)
(2.2)
2.4
12.2
26.5
–4.5

30.4
(27.6)
(2.8)
2.6
14.6
27.4
–5.5

25.9
(23.3)
(2.7)
2.2
11.6
31.0
–4.6

Total nondefense .............................................................

82.5

52.9

27.0

15.1

13.3

10.5

22.7

62.9

69.4

66.1

See footnotes at end of table.

96

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2002—Continued
Category

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

In millions of current dollars
Total outlays .................................................................................................

42,562

45,514

67,686

76,101

70,855

68,444

70,640

76,578

82,405

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

13,724

23,566

46,089

52,802

49,266

42,729

42,523

45,430

46,815

13,664
(12,407)
(1,257)
996
4,812
11,182
–1,817

10,279
(8,955)
(1,324)
964
4,665
8,373
–2,332

10,853
(9,528)
(1,325)
1,108
4,701
8,313
–3,377

10,950
(9,460)
(1,490)
1,332
5,156
9,432
–3,571

12,610
(10,999)
(1,611)
1,431
4,811
6,134
–3,397

14,297
(12,674)
(1,623)
1,574
4,850
8,488
–3,493

15,208
(13,534)
(1,674)
1,877
5,079
9,541
–3,589

17,027
(15,226)
(1,802)
2,164
5,354
10,750
–4,146

20,931
(18,810)
(2,121)
2,770
5,604
10,670
–4,385

Total nondefense ................................................................................

28,838

21,948

21,597

23,299

21,589

25,715

28,117

31,148

35,590

In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars
Total outlays .................................................................................................

319.3

350.6

507.0

528.5

474.6

450.9

440.9

449.9

458.1

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

129.1

215.8

383.1

396.7

363.9

311.9

291.3

291.0

286.2

74.2
(67.3)
(6.8)
7.8
27.0
98.2
–17.0

52.7
(45.9)
(6.8)
6.7
24.8
73.3
–22.6

54.0
(47.5)
(6.6)
7.5
24.6
68.9
–31.5

53.3
(46.0)
(7.3)
8.6
26.3
75.5
–31.9

60.7
(53.0)
(7.8)
9.4
24.3
46.0
–29.7

68.5
(60.7)
(7.8)
10.1
24.1
66.1
–29.7

71.6
(63.7)
(7.9)
11.7
24.3
70.7
–28.5

78.1
(69.8)
(8.3)
12.5
24.8
74.9
–31.2

93.7
(84.2)
(9.5)
14.8
25.4
69.2
–31.2

Total nondefense ................................................................................

190.1

134.9

123.6

131.9

110.8

139.1

149.9

159.0

171.9

As percentages of GDP
Total outlays .................................................................................................

15.6

14.2

19.4

20.4

18.8

17.3

16.6

17.0

18.0

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

5.0

7.3

13.2

14.2

13.1

10.8

10.0

10.1

10.2

5.0
(4.6)
(0.5)
0.4
1.8
4.1
–0.7

3.2
(2.8)
(0.4)
0.3
1.5
2.6
–0.7

3.1
(2.7)
(0.4)
0.3
1.3
2.4
–1.0

2.9
(2.5)
(0.4)
0.4
1.4
2.5
–1.0

3.3
(2.9)
(0.4)
0.4
1.3
1.6
–0.9

3.6
(3.2)
(0.4)
0.4
1.2
2.1
–0.9

3.6
(3.2)
(0.4)
0.4
1.2
2.2
–0.8

3.8
(3.4)
(0.4)
0.5
1.2
2.4
–0.9

4.6
(4.1)
(0.5)
0.6
1.2
2.3
–1.0

Total nondefense ................................................................................

10.6

6.8

6.2

6.3

5.7

6.5

6.6

6.9

7.8

Addendum: GDP ($ billions) .......................................................................

272.6

321.0

349.2

372.4

377.1

395.5

426.6

449.9

458.8

As percentages of outlays
Total outlays .................................................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

32.2

51.8

68.1

69.4

69.5

62.4

60.2

59.3

56.8

32.1
(29.2)
(3.0)
2.3
11.3
26.3
–4.3

22.6
(19.7)
(2.9)
2.1
10.2
18.4
–5.1

16.0
(14.1)
(2.0)
1.6
6.9
12.3
–5.0

14.4
(12.4)
(2.0)
1.8
6.8
12.4
–4.7

17.8
(15.5)
(2.3)
2.0
6.8
8.7
–4.8

20.9
(18.5)
(2.4)
2.3
7.1
12.4
–5.1

21.5
(19.2)
(2.4)
2.7
7.2
13.5
–5.1

22.2
(19.9)
(2.4)
2.8
7.0
14.0
–5.4

25.4
(22.8)
(2.6)
3.4
6.8
12.9
–5.3

Total nondefense ................................................................................

67.8

48.2

31.9

30.6

30.5

37.6

39.8

40.7

43.2

See footnotes at end of table.

97

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2002—Continued
Category

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

In millions of current dollars
Total outlays .................................................................................................

92,098

92,191

97,723

106,821

111,316

118,528

118,228

134,532

157,464

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

49,015

48,130

49,601

52,345

53,400

54,757

50,620

58,111

71,417

22,757
(20,393)
(2,364)
4,088
5,762
15,089
–4,613

24,162
(21,682)
(2,480)
4,534
6,947
13,238
–4,820

27,525
(24,907)
(2,618)
4,497
6,716
14,191
–4,807

28,938
(25,987)
(2,951)
4,958
6,889
18,965
–5,274

30,958
(27,677)
(3,280)
5,281
7,740
19,734
–5,797

32,217
(28,658)
(3,559)
6,571
8,199
22,492
–5,708

33,103
(29,385)
(3,718)
7,159
8,591
24,663
–5,908

37,076
(32,771)
(4,305)
8,557
9,386
27,944
–6,542

43,211
(38,392)
(4,819)
10,387
10,268
29,475
–7,294

Total nondefense ................................................................................

43,083

44,061

48,122

54,477

57,915

63,771

67,608

76,421

86,047

In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars
Total outlays .................................................................................................

480.4

458.2

473.9

511.8

514.4

539.0

530.9

586.2

665.0

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

272.5

257.2

258.6

267.2

261.9

265.7

245.6

270.8

320.0

100.2
(89.8)
(10.4)
20.7
25.4
92.2
–30.4

104.1
(93.5)
(10.7)
22.6
29.9
74.2
–30.0

116.9
(105.8)
(11.1)
22.6
28.4
76.1
–28.6

121.9
(109.5)
(12.4)
24.6
28.8
100.2
–30.8

128.8
(115.1)
(13.7)
25.4
32.0
99.3
–33.0

132.2
(117.6)
(14.6)
31.0
33.5
107.9
–31.2

134.0
(119.0)
(15.1)
33.0
34.5
114.7
–31.0

147.2
(130.1)
(17.1)
39.3
36.8
124.5
–32.5

167.0
(148.3)
(18.6)
46.0
39.0
128.0
–35.1

Total nondefense ................................................................................

208.0

200.9

215.4

244.7

252.5

273.5

285.1

315.4

345.0

As percentages of GDP
Total outlays .................................................................................................

18.8

17.8

18.4

18.8

18.6

18.5

17.2

17.9

19.4

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

10.0

9.3

9.4

9.2

8.9

8.6

7.4

7.7

8.8

4.6
(4.2)
(0.5)
0.8
1.2
3.1
–0.9

4.7
(4.2)
(0.5)
0.9
1.3
2.6
–0.9

5.2
(4.7)
(0.5)
0.8
1.3
2.7
–0.9

5.1
(4.6)
(0.5)
0.9
1.2
3.3
–0.9

5.2
(4.6)
(0.5)
0.9
1.3
3.3
–1.0

5.0
(4.5)
(0.6)
1.0
1.3
3.5
–0.9

4.8
(4.3)
(0.5)
1.0
1.3
3.6
–0.9

4.9
(4.4)
(0.6)
1.1
1.2
3.7
–0.9

5.3
(4.7)
(0.6)
1.3
1.3
3.6
–0.9

Total nondefense ................................................................................

8.8

8.5

9.1

9.6

9.7

10.0

9.8

10.2

10.6

Addendum: GDP ($ billions) .......................................................................

489.7

518.3

530.4

567.3

599.0

639.8

686.8

752.7

811.9

As percentages of outlays
Total outlays .................................................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

53.2

52.2

50.8

49.0

48.0

46.2

42.8

43.2

45.4

24.7
(22.1)
(2.6)
4.4
6.3
16.4
–5.0

26.2
(23.5)
(2.7)
4.9
7.5
14.4
–5.2

28.2
(25.5)
(2.7)
4.6
6.9
14.5
–4.9

27.1
(24.3)
(2.8)
4.6
6.4
17.8
–4.9

27.8
(24.9)
(2.9)
4.7
7.0
17.7
–5.2

27.2
(24.2)
(3.0)
5.5
6.9
19.0
–4.8

28.0
(24.9)
(3.1)
6.1
7.3
20.9
–5.0

27.6
(24.4)
(3.2)
6.4
7.0
20.8
–4.9

27.4
(24.4)
(3.1)
6.6
6.5
18.7
–4.6

Total nondefense ................................................................................

46.8

47.8

49.2

51.0

52.0

53.8

57.2

56.8

54.6

See footnotes at end of table.

98

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2002—Continued
Category

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

In millions of current dollars
Total outlays .................................................................................................

178,134

183,640

195,649

210,172

230,681

245,707

269,359

332,332

371,792

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

81,926

82,497

81,692

78,872

79,174

76,681

79,347

86,509

89,619

49,849
(43,779)
(6,070)
12,454
11,090
30,861
–8,045

57,225
(49,983)
(7,243)
12,887
12,699
26,318
–7,986

64,806
(56,079)
(8,727)
15,301
14,380
28,102
–8,632

80,564
(70,030)
(10,533)
17,532
14,841
28,471
–10,107

93,055
(79,112)
(13,943)
20,386
15,478
32,171
–9,583

104,739 120,407 153,836 180,634
(90,860) (105,557) (137,074) (160,576)
(13,879) (14,851) (16,762) (20,058)
27,911
28,442
32,956
38,946
17,349
21,449
23,244
26,727
32,437
36,462
49,390
50,251
–13,409 –16,749 –13,602 –14,386

Total nondefense ................................................................................

96,208

101,143

113,958

131,300

151,507

169,026

190,012

245,824

282,173

In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars
Total outlays .................................................................................................

721.5

704.7

707.6

715.1

738.7

749.1

759.4

847.6

885.4

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

349.2

333.5

310.7

283.0

262.3

239.6

228.3

224.1

216.8

186.6
(163.8)
(22.7)
52.8
40.7
129.2
–36.8

205.9
(179.9)
(26.1)
51.4
44.6
103.7
–34.5

223.1
(193.0)
(30.1)
56.7
48.0
103.4
–34.2

264.8
(230.2)
(34.6)
60.2
47.0
97.1
–37.0

294.2
(250.1)
(44.1)
66.3
46.8
100.5
–31.4

318.8
(276.6)
(42.3)
86.3
50.2
94.9
–40.7

339.7
(297.8)
(41.9)
80.5
58.0
100.5
–47.6

394.7
(351.7)
(43.0)
83.4
57.0
123.8
–35.3

434.7
(386.4)
(48.3)
90.9
61.1
116.6
–34.6

Total nondefense ................................................................................

372.3

371.2

396.9

432.2

476.3

509.6

531.2

623.6

668.7

As percentages of GDP
Total outlays .................................................................................................

20.5

19.4

19.4

19.5

19.6

18.8

18.7

21.4

21.5

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

9.4

8.7

8.1

7.3

6.7

5.9

5.5

5.6

5.2

5.7
(5.0)
(0.7)
1.4
1.3
3.6
–0.9

6.0
(5.3)
(0.8)
1.4
1.3
2.8
–0.8

6.4
(5.6)
(0.9)
1.5
1.4
2.8
–0.9

7.5
(6.5)
(1.0)
1.6
1.4
2.6
–0.9

7.9
(6.7)
(1.2)
1.7
1.3
2.7
–0.8

8.0
(7.0)
(1.1)
2.1
1.3
2.5
–1.0

8.4
(7.3)
(1.0)
2.0
1.5
2.5
–1.2

9.9
(8.8)
(1.1)
2.1
1.5
3.2
–0.9

10.4
(9.3)
(1.2)
2.3
1.5
2.9
–0.8

Total nondefense ................................................................................

11.1

10.7

11.3

12.2

12.9

12.9

13.2

15.8

16.3

Addendum: GDP ($ billions) .......................................................................

868.0

948.1

1,009.4

1,077.4

1,177.0

1,306.8

1,438.1

1,554.5

1,730.4

As percentages of outlays
Total outlays .................................................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

46.0

44.9

41.8

37.5

34.3

31.2

29.5

26.0

24.1

28.0
(24.6)
(3.4)
7.0
6.2
17.3
–4.5

31.2
(27.2)
(3.9)
7.0
6.9
14.3
–4.3

33.1
(28.7)
(4.5)
7.8
7.4
14.4
–4.4

38.3
(33.3)
(5.0)
8.3
7.1
13.5
–4.8

40.3
(34.3)
(6.0)
8.8
6.7
13.9
–4.2

42.6
(37.0)
(5.6)
11.4
7.1
13.2
–5.5

44.7
(39.2)
(5.5)
10.6
8.0
13.5
–6.2

46.3
(41.2)
(5.0)
9.9
7.0
14.9
–4.1

48.6
(43.2)
(5.4)
10.5
7.2
13.5
–3.9

Total nondefense ................................................................................

54.0

55.1

58.2

62.5

65.7

68.8

70.5

74.0

75.9

See footnotes at end of table.

99

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2002—Continued
Category

TQ

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

In millions of current dollars
Total outlays .................................................................................................

95,975

409,218

458,746

504,032

590,947

678,249

745,755

808,380

851,888

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

22,269

97,241

104,495

116,342

133,995

157,513

185,309

209,903

227,413

Total nondefense ................................................................................

45,534 196,978 211,761 233,837 278,530 324,658 357,924 396,523 401,209
(40,449) (174,268) (186,967) (206,276) (245,879) (286,807) (319,123) (353,951) (355,856)
(5,085) (22,710) (24,795) (27,561) (32,652) (37,851) (38,800) (42,572) (45,353)
10,819
45,609
53,035
55,697
58,641
56,778
49,266
49,789
52,104
6,949
29,901
35,458
42,636
52,538
68,774
85,044
89,828 111,123
14,611
54,369
69,716
72,996
87,184
98,567
94,311
96,313
91,996
–4,206 –14,879 –15,720 –17,476 –19,942 –28,041 –26,099 –33,976 –31,957
73,707

311,977

354,251

387,689

456,951

520,736

560,446

598,478

624,475

In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars
Total outlays .................................................................................................

221.0

901.4

944.5

957.0

1,015.5

1,056.3

1,086.3

1,123.5

1,129.1

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

52.1

216.4

217.4

221.8

229.3

241.8

263.7

284.0

287.4

106.1
(94.2)
(11.9)
24.3
15.4
32.8
–9.7

439.9
(389.2)
(50.7)
98.7
63.7
114.8
–32.1

442.2
(390.4)
(51.8)
107.6
70.5
138.8
–31.9

450.2
(397.1)
(53.1)
104.2
78.2
136.0
–33.4

484.5
(427.7)
(56.8)
98.8
88.6
149.4
–35.0

515.1
(455.0)
(60.1)
86.3
105.7
151.0
–43.7

533.3
(475.5)
(57.8)
69.6
122.0
136.0
–38.4

564.0
(503.5)
(60.6)
67.0
123.4
132.6
–47.6

548.7
(486.7)
(62.0)
67.3
146.6
122.4
–43.4

Total nondefense ................................................................................

168.9

685.1

727.1

735.1

786.2

814.4

822.6

839.5

841.6

As percentages of GDP
Total outlays .................................................................................................

21.1

20.8

20.7

20.2

21.7

22.2

23.2

23.6

22.3

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

4.9

4.9

4.7

4.7

4.9

5.2

5.8

6.1

6.0

10.0
(8.9)
(1.1)
2.4
1.5
3.2
–0.9

10.0
(8.8)
(1.2)
2.3
1.5
2.8
–0.8

9.6
(8.5)
(1.1)
2.4
1.6
3.2
–0.7

9.4
(8.3)
(1.1)
2.2
1.7
2.9
–0.7

10.2
(9.0)
(1.2)
2.2
1.9
3.2
–0.7

10.6
(9.4)
(1.2)
1.9
2.3
3.2
–0.9

11.1
(9.9)
(1.2)
1.5
2.6
2.9
–0.8

11.6
(10.3)
(1.2)
1.5
2.6
2.8
–1.0

10.5
(9.3)
(1.2)
1.4
2.9
2.4
–0.8

Total nondefense ................................................................................

16.2

15.8

16.0

15.5

16.8

17.1

17.5

17.5

16.4

Addendum: GDP ($ billions) .......................................................................

454.8

1,971.4

2,212.6

2,495.9

2,718.9

3,049.1

3,211.3

3,421.9

3,812.0

As percentages of outlays
Total outlays .................................................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

23.2

23.8

22.8

23.1

22.7

23.2

24.8

26.0

26.7

47.4
(42.1)
(5.3)
11.3
7.2
15.2
–4.4

48.1
(42.6)
(5.5)
11.1
7.3
13.3
–3.6

46.2
(40.8)
(5.4)
11.6
7.7
15.2
–3.4

46.4
(40.9)
(5.5)
11.1
8.5
14.5
–3.5

47.1
(41.6)
(5.5)
9.9
8.9
14.8
–3.4

47.9
(42.3)
(5.6)
8.4
10.1
14.5
–4.1

48.0
(42.8)
(5.2)
6.6
11.4
12.6
–3.5

49.1
(43.8)
(5.3)
6.2
11.1
11.9
–4.2

47.1
(41.8)
(5.3)
6.1
13.0
10.8
–3.8

Total nondefense ................................................................................

76.8

76.2

77.2

76.9

77.3

76.8

75.2

74.0

73.3

See footnotes at end of table.

100

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2002—Continued
Category

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

In millions of current dollars
Total outlays .................................................................................................

946,499

990,505 1,004,164 1,064,489 1,143,671 1,253,163 1,324,400 1,381,681 1,409,414

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

252,748

273,375

Total nondefense ................................................................................

281,999

290,361

303,559

299,331

273,292

298,350

291,086

427,302 451,261 471,277 500,656 536,030 584,090 650,263 727,646 782,678
(377,950) (397,036) (413,522) (438,222) (468,677) (506,958) (557,766) (615,461) (658,389)
(49,352) (54,225) (57,755) (62,434) (67,353) (77,132) (92,497) (112,185) (124,289)
56,343
57,929
50,452
52,720
54,322
57,952
61,837
65,562
69,171
129,504 136,047 138,652 151,838 169,266 184,221 194,541 199,421 198,811
113,300 104,900
98,240 105,881 117,706 164,184 183,823 129,982 105,054
–32,698 –33,007 –36,455 –36,967 –37,212 –36,615 –39,356 –39,280 –37,386
693,751

717,130

722,165

774,129

840,112

953,832 1,051,108 1,083,331 1,118,328

In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars
Total outlays .................................................................................................

1,209.0

1,230.4

1,213.8

1,245.6

1,284.7

1,353.7

1,366.1

1,381.7

1,374.8

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

306.2

324.8

330.0

333.9

338.3

324.6

283.3

298.4

286.2

564.3
(499.1)
(65.2)
70.2
165.4
145.4
–42.6

577.3
(507.8)
(69.4)
70.1
168.9
131.5
–42.1

583.7
(512.2)
(71.5)
58.7
167.2
119.2
–44.9

595.5
(521.2)
(74.2)
59.5
176.9
123.6
–43.8

608.0
(531.6)
(76.4)
59.6
189.2
131.7
–42.1

632.3
(548.9)
(83.4)
61.1
197.8
177.9
–40.1

671.8
(576.2)
(95.5)
62.9
200.3
188.3
–40.4

727.6
(615.5)
(112.2)
65.6
199.4
130.0
–39.3

761.1
(640.3)
(120.9)
67.6
193.7
101.6
–35.7

Total nondefense ................................................................................

902.7

905.7

883.8

911.7

946.4

1,029.1

1,082.8

1,083.3

1,088.5

As percentages of GDP
Total outlays .................................................................................................

23.1

22.6

21.8

21.5

21.4

22.0

22.6

22.5

21.8

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

6.2

6.2

6.1

5.9

5.7

5.3

4.7

4.9

4.5

10.4
(9.2)
(1.2)
1.4
3.2
2.8
–0.8

10.3
(9.1)
(1.2)
1.3
3.1
2.4
–0.8

10.2
(9.0)
(1.3)
1.1
3.0
2.1
–0.8

10.1
(8.8)
(1.3)
1.1
3.1
2.1
–0.7

10.0
(8.8)
(1.3)
1.0
3.2
2.2
–0.7

10.3
(8.9)
(1.4)
1.0
3.2
2.9
–0.6

11.1
(9.5)
(1.6)
1.1
3.3
3.1
–0.7

11.8
(10.0)
(1.8)
1.1
3.2
2.1
–0.6

12.1
(10.2)
(1.9)
1.1
3.1
1.6
–0.6

Total nondefense ................................................................................

16.9

16.4

15.7

15.6

15.7

16.8

17.9

17.6

17.3

Addendum: GDP ($ billions) .......................................................................

4,102.1

4,374.3

4,605.1

4,953.5

5,351.8

5,684.5

5,858.8

6,143.2

6,470.8

As percentages of outlays
Total outlays .................................................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

26.7

27.6

28.1

27.3

26.5

23.9

20.6

21.6

20.7

45.1
(39.9)
(5.2)
6.0
13.7
12.0
–3.5

45.6
(40.1)
(5.5)
5.8
13.7
10.6
–3.3

46.9
(41.2)
(5.8)
5.0
13.8
9.8
–3.6

47.0
(41.2)
(5.9)
5.0
14.3
9.9
–3.5

46.9
(41.0)
(5.9)
4.7
14.8
10.3
–3.3

46.6
(40.5)
(6.2)
4.6
14.7
13.1
–2.9

49.1
(42.1)
(7.0)
4.7
14.7
13.9
–3.0

52.7
(44.5)
(8.1)
4.7
14.4
9.4
–2.8

55.5
(46.7)
(8.8)
4.9
14.1
7.5
–2.7

Total nondefense ................................................................................

73.3

72.4

71.9

72.7

73.5

76.1

79.4

78.4

79.3

See footnotes at end of table.

101

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 6.1—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS: 1940–2002—Continued
Category

1994

1995

1996

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

In millions of current dollars
Total outlays ................................................................................................. 1,461,731 1,515,729 1,560,330 1,631,016 1,687,475 1,760,700 1,814,427 1,844,488 1,879,717
National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

281,642

272,066

265,748

267,176

259,388

261,419

267,194

268,041

273,194

822,098 874,558 909,393 962,943 1,009,187 1,055,613 1,102,619 1,148,146 1,210,825
(686,866) (728,765) (761,795) (806,081) (845,510) (886,143) (927,540) (966,239) (1,019,540)
(135,232) (145,793) (147,598) (156,862) (163,677) (169,470) (175,079) (181,907) (191,285)
75,195
79,130
80,175
87,923
95,164 100,550 101,358 100,645
99,236
202,957 232,169 241,090 247,382 249,859 251,843 248,203 244,963 238,762
117,610 102,261 101,544 112,079 129,467 134,806 141,051 132,744 125,650
–37,772 –44,455 –37,620 –46,487 –55,590 –43,531 –45,998 –50,051 –67,950

Total nondefense ................................................................................ 1,180,089 1,243,663 1,294,582 1,363,840 1,428,087 1,499,281 1,547,233 1,576,447 1,606,523
In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars
Total outlays .................................................................................................

1,393.2

1,410.6

1,419.6

1,445.6

1,456.1

1,479.6

1,484.6

1,470.4

1,461.3

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

270.9

255.5

242.1

237.4

224.7

220.7

219.9

215.0

213.5

781.2
(652.6)
(128.5)
72.5
193.3
109.9
–34.5

810.9
(675.7)
(135.2)
74.3
215.7
93.3
–39.1

826.4
(692.3)
(134.1)
73.3
219.4
89.9
–31.5

851.3
(712.6)
(138.7)
78.4
219.6
96.8
–37.9

869.5
(728.4)
(141.0)
82.6
216.2
107.4
–44.2

885.6
(743.4)
(142.2)
85.0
212.4
109.6
–33.7

900.7
(757.7)
(143.0)
83.5
204.0
111.1
–34.8

913.3
(768.5)
(144.7)
80.9
196.3
102.0
–36.9

937.8
(789.6)
(148.2)
77.7
186.4
94.6
–48.8

Total nondefense ................................................................................

1,122.4

1,155.2

1,177.5

1,208.1

1,231.4

1,258.9

1,264.6

1,255.5

1,247.8

As percentages of GDP
Total outlays .................................................................................................

21.4

21.1

20.8

20.8

20.5

20.4

20.1

19.4

18.9

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

4.1

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.7

12.0
(10.1)
(2.0)
1.1
3.0
1.7
–0.6

12.2
(10.1)
(2.0)
1.1
3.2
1.4
–0.6

12.2
(10.2)
(2.0)
1.1
3.2
1.4
–0.5

12.3
(10.3)
(2.0)
1.1
3.1
1.4
–0.6

12.3
(10.3)
(2.0)
1.2
3.0
1.6
–0.7

12.3
(10.3)
(2.0)
1.2
2.9
1.6
–0.5

12.2
(10.3)
(1.9)
1.1
2.7
1.6
–0.5

12.1
(10.2)
(1.9)
1.1
2.6
1.4
–0.5

12.2
(10.2)
(1.9)
1.0
2.4
1.3
–0.7

Total nondefense ................................................................................

17.3

17.3

17.3

17.4

17.4

17.4

17.1

16.6

16.1

Addendum: GDP ($ billions) .......................................................................

6,830.4

7,186.9

7,484.7

7,853.8

8,218.6

8,611.8

9,042.9

9,493.5

9,965.4

As percentages of outlays
Total outlays .................................................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

National defense 1 ........................................................................................
Nondefense:
Payments for individuals .........................................................................
Direct payments 2 ................................................................................
Grants to State and local governments .............................................
All other grants ........................................................................................
Net Interest 2 ............................................................................................
All other 2 .................................................................................................
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 ...........................................................

19.3

17.9

17.0

16.4

15.4

14.8

14.7

14.5

14.5

56.2
(47.0)
(9.3)
5.1
13.9
8.0
–2.6

57.7
(48.1)
(9.6)
5.2
15.3
6.7
–2.9

58.3
(48.8)
(9.5)
5.1
15.5
6.5
–2.4

59.0
(49.4)
(9.6)
5.4
15.2
6.9
–2.9

59.8
(50.1)
(9.7)
5.6
14.8
7.7
–3.3

60.0
(50.3)
(9.6)
5.7
14.3
7.7
–2.5

60.8
(51.1)
(9.6)
5.6
13.7
7.8
–2.5

62.2
(52.4)
(9.9)
5.5
13.3
7.2
–2.7

64.4
(54.2)
(10.2)
5.3
12.7
6.7
–3.6

Total nondefense ................................................................................

80.7

82.1

83.0

83.6

84.6

85.2

85.3

85.5

85.5

1 Includes

a small amount of grants to State and local governments and direct payments for individuals.
some off-budget amounts; most of the off-budget amounts are direct payments for individuals (social security benefits).
Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.
2 Includes

102

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 7.1—FEDERAL DEBT AT THE END OF YEAR: 1940–2002
In Millions of Dollars
End of Fiscal Year

Gross
Federal
Debt

Less: Held
by Federal
Government
Accounts

As Percentages of GDP

Equals: Held by the Public
Total

Federal
Reserve
System

Other

Gross
Federal
Debt

Less: Held
by Federal
Government
Accounts

Equals: Held by the Public
Total

Federal
Reserve
System

Other

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

50,696
57,531
79,200
142,648
204,079

7,924
9,308
11,447
14,882
19,283

42,772
48,223
67,753
127,766
184,796

2,458
2,180
2,640
7,149
14,899

40,314
46,043
65,113
120,617
169,897

51.8
49.9
54.5
79.3
98.7

8.1
8.1
7.9
8.3
9.3

43.7
41.8
46.6
71.1
89.4

2.5
1.9
1.8
4.0
7.2

41.2
39.9
44.8
67.1
82.2

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

260,123
270,991
257,149
252,031
252,610

24,941
29,130
32,810
35,761
38,288

235,182
241,861
224,339
216,270
214,322

21,792
23,783
21,872
21,366
19,343

213,390
218,078
202,467
194,904
194,979

119.7
124.4
112.5
99.4
93.7

11.5
13.4
14.4
14.1
14.2

108.2
111.0
98.2
85.3
79.5

10.0
10.9
9.6
8.4
7.2

98.2
100.1
88.6
76.9
72.3

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

256,853
255,288
259,097
265,963
270,812

37,830
40,962
44,339
47,580
46,313

219,023
214,326
214,758
218,383
224,499

18,331
22,982
22,906
24,746
25,037

200,692
191,344
191,852
193,637
199,462

94.2
79.5
74.2
71.4
71.8

13.9
12.8
12.7
12.8
12.3

80.3
66.8
61.5
58.6
59.5

6.7
7.2
6.6
6.6
6.6

73.6
59.6
54.9
52.0
52.9

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

274,366
272,693
272,252
279,666
287,465

47,751
50,537
52,931
53,329
52,764

226,616
222,156
219,320
226,336
234,701

23,607
23,758
23,035
25,438
26,044

203,009
198,398
196,285
200,898
208,657

69.4
63.9
60.5
61.0
58.7

12.1
11.8
11.8
11.6
10.8

57.3
52.1
48.7
49.3
47.9

6.0
5.6
5.1
5.5
5.3

51.3
46.5
43.6
43.8
42.6

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

290,525
292,648
302,928
310,324
316,059

53,686
54,291
54,918
56,345
59,210

236,840
238,357
248,010
253,978
256,849

26,523
27,253
29,663
32,027
34,794

210,317
211,104
218,347
221,951
222,055

56.1
55.2
53.4
51.8
49.4

10.4
10.2
9.7
9.4
9.3

45.7
44.9
43.7
42.4
40.1

5.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

40.6
39.8
38.5
37.1
34.7

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

322,318
328,498
340,445
368,685
365,769

61,540
64,784
73,819
79,140
87,661

260,778
263,714
266,626
289,545
278,108

39,100
42,169
46,719
52,230
54,095

221,678
221,545
219,907
237,315
224,013

46.9
43.6
41.9
42.5
38.6

9.0
8.6
9.1
9.1
9.2

38.0
35.0
32.8
33.4
29.3

5.7
5.6
5.8
6.0
5.7

32.3
29.4
27.1
27.3
23.6

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

380,921
408,176
435,936
466,291
483,893

97,723
105,140
113,559
125,381
140,194

283,198
303,037
322,377
340,910
343,699

57,714
65,518
71,426
75,181
80,648

225,484
237,519
250,951
265,729
263,051

37.7
37.9
37.0
35.7
33.6

9.7
9.8
9.6
9.6
9.7

28.1
28.1
27.4
26.1
23.9

5.7
6.1
6.1
5.8
5.6

22.3
22.0
21.3
20.3
18.3

1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
TQ .......................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................

541,925
628,970
643,561
706,398
776,602
829,470

147,225
151,566
148,052
157,295
169,477
189,162

394,700
477,404
495,509
549,103
607,125
640,308

84,993
94,714
96,702
105,004
115,480
115,594

309,707
382,690
398,807
444,099
491,645
524,714

34.9
36.3
35.4
35.8
35.1
33.2

9.5
8.8
8.1
8.0
7.7
7.6

25.4
27.6
27.2
27.9
27.4
25.7

5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.2
4.6

19.9
22.1
21.9
22.5
22.2
21.0

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

909,050
994,845
1,137,345
1,371,710
1,564,657

199,212
209,507
217,560
240,114
264,159

709,838
785,338
919,785
1,131,596
1,300,498

120,846
124,466
134,497
155,527
155,122

588,992
660,872
785,288
976,069
1,145,376

33.4
32.6
35.4
40.1
41.0

7.3
6.9
6.8
7.0
6.9

26.1
25.8
28.6
33.1
34.1

4.4
4.1
4.2
4.5
4.1

21.7
21.7
24.5
28.5
30.0

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

1,817,521
2,120,629
2,346,125
2,601,307
2,868,039

317,612
383,919
457,444
550,507
678,157

1,499,908
1,736,709
1,888,680
2,050,799
2,189,882

169,806
190,855
212,040
229,218
220,088

1,330,102
1,545,854
1,676,640
1,821,581
1,969,795

44.3
48.5
50.9
52.5
53.6

7.7
8.8
9.9
11.1
12.7

36.6
39.7
41.0
41.4
40.9

4.1
4.4
4.6
4.6
4.1

32.4
35.3
36.4
36.8
36.8

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

3,206,564
3,598,498
4,002,136
4,351,416
4,643,705

795,841
910,362
1,003,302
1,103,945
1,211,588

2,410,722
2,688,137
2,998,834
3,247,471
3,432,117

234,410
258,591
296,397
325,653
355,150

2,176,312
2,429,546
2,702,437
2,921,818
3,076,967

56.4
61.4
65.1
67.2
68.0

14.0
15.5
16.3
17.1
17.7

42.4
45.9
48.8
50.2
50.2

4.1
4.4
4.8
5.0
5.2

38.3
41.5
44.0
45.2
45.0

Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

103

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 7.1—FEDERAL DEBT AT THE END OF YEAR: 1940–2002—Continued
In Millions of Dollars
End of Fiscal Year

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

Gross
Federal
Debt

Less: Held
by Federal
Government
Accounts

As Percentages of GDP

Equals: Held by the Public
Total

Federal
Reserve
System

Other

Gross
Federal
Debt

Less: Held
by Federal
Government
Accounts

Equals: Held by the Public
Total

Federal
Reserve
System

Other

....................................
....................................
estimate .....................
estimate .....................
estimate .....................

4,921,018
5,181,930
5,453,677
5,736,159
6,012,600

1,317,645
1,448,967
1,577,902
1,714,801
1,853,187

3,603,373
3,732,964
3,875,775
4,021,358
4,159,413

374,114
390,924
N/A
N/A
N/A

3,229,259
3,342,039
N/A
N/A
N/A

68.5
69.2
69.4
69.8
69.8

18.3
19.4
20.1
20.9
21.5

50.1
49.9
49.3
48.9
48.3

5.2
5.2
N/A
N/A
N/A

44.9
44.7
N/A
N/A
N/A

2000 estimate .....................
2001 estimate .....................
2002 estimate .....................

6,272,027
6,485,214
6,652,532

2,003,043
2,157,249
2,319,410

4,268,984
4,327,965
4,333,122

N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A

69.4
68.3
66.8

22.2
22.7
23.3

47.2
45.6
43.5

N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A: Not available.
Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

104

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 7.2—DEBT SUBJECT TO STATUTORY LIMIT: 1940–2002
(in millions of dollars)

End of Fiscal Year

Debt
Subject to
Limit

End of Fiscal Year

Debt
Subject to
Limit

End of Fiscal Year

Debt
Subject to
Limit

End of Fiscal Year

Debt
Subject to
Limit

1940
1941
1942
1943

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

43,219
49,494
74,154
140,469

1956
1957
1958
1959

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

270,619
269,120
275,395
282,419

1972
1973
1974
1975

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

427,751
458,264
475,181
534,207

1987
1988
1989
1990

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

2,336,014
2,586,869
2,829,770
3,161,223

1944
1945
1946
1947

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

208,077
268,671
268,932
255,767

1960
1961
1962
1963

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

283,827
286,308
295,374
302,923

1976 ...................................
TQ ......................................
1977 ...................................
1978 ...................................

621,556
635,822
699,963
772,691

1991
1992
1993
1994

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

3,569,300
3,972,578
4,315,571
4,605,338

1948
1949
1950
1951

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

250,381
250,965
255,382
253,284

1964
1965
1966
1967

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

308,583
314,126
316,293
323,143

1979
1980
1981
1982

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

827,615
908,723
998,818
1,142,913

1995
1996
1997
1998

...................................
...................................
estimate ....................
estimate ....................

4,884,605
5,137,195
5,410,721
5,696,585

1952
1953
1954
1955

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

257,233
264,220
269,379
272,348

1968
1969
1970
1971

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

348,534
356,107
372,600
398,650

1983
1984
1985
1986

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

1,377,953
1,572,975
1,823,775
2,110,975

1999
2000
2001
2002

estimate
estimate
estimate
estimate

5,973,397
6,233,301
6,446,880
6,614,658

....................
....................
....................
....................

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

105

Table 7.3—STATUTORY LIMITS ON FEDERAL DEBT: 1940–CURRENT
Date and Act
June 25, 1940
54 Stat. 526 ..............
February 19, 1941
55 Stat. 7 ..................
March 28, 1942
56 Stat. 189 ..............
April 11, 1943
57 Stat. 63 ................
June 9, 1944
58 Stat. 272 ..............
April 3, 1945
59 Stat. 47 ................
June 26, 1946
60 Stat. 316 ..............
August 28, 1954
68 Stat. 895 ..............
June 30, 1955
69 Stat. 241 ..............
July 9, 1956
70 Stat. 519 ..............
February 26, 1958
72 Stat. 27 ................
September 2, 1958
72 Stat. 1758 ............
June 30, 1959
73 Stat. 156 ..............
June 30, 1960
74 Stat. 290 ..............
June 30, 1961
75 Stat. 148 ..............
March 13, 1962
76 Stat. 23 ................
July 1, 1962
76 Stat. 124 ..............

May 29, 1963
77 Stat. 90 ................

August 27, 1963
77 Stat. 131 ..............
November 26, 1963
77 Stat. 342 ..............

June 29, 1964
78 Stat. 225 ..............
June 24, 1965
79 Stat. 172 ..............
June 24, 1966
80 Stat. 221 ..............
March 2, 1967
81 Stat. 4 ..................

History of Legislation

Dollar Amount of
Limit

Amended sec. 21, adding new authority for issuance of $4 billion National Defense Series obligations outstanding ...............................

49,000,000,000

Amended sec. 21, eliminating authority for $4 billion of National Defense Series obligations and increasing limitation to .......................

65,000,000,000

Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to .......................................................................................................................................................

125,000,000,000

Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to .......................................................................................................................................................

210,000,000,000

Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to .......................................................................................................................................................

260,000,000,000

Amended sec. 21, including obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States and increasing
limitation to ........................................................................................................................................................................................................

300,000,000,000

Amended sec. 21, defining face amount of savings bonds to be current redemption value and decreasing limitation to .........................

275,000,000,000

Increasing sec. 21 limitation by $6 billion during period beginning August 28, 1954, and ending June 30, 1955 .....................................

281,000,000,000

Amended act of August 28,1954, extending increase in limitation until June 30, 1956 ...............................................................................

281,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation by $3 billion during period beginning July 1, 1956, and ending June 30, 1957 ............................................
Temporary increase terminated July 1, 1957, and limitation reverted to .......................................................................................................

278,000,000,000
275,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation by $5 billion during period beginning February 26, 1958, and ending June 30, 1959 ..................................

280,000,000,000

Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $283 billion, which with temporary increase of February 26, 1958 made limitation ................

288,000,000,000

Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $285 billion and increased sec. 21 limitation by $10 billion during period
beginning July 1, 1959, and ending June 30, 1960 .......................................................................................................................................

295,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation by $8 billion during period beginning July 1, 1960, and ending June 30, 1961 ............................................

293,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation by $13 billion during period beginning July 1, 1961, and ending June 30, 1962 ..........................................

298,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation by $2 billion (in addition to temporary increase of $13 billion in act of June 30, 1961)
during period beginning March 13, 1962, and ending June 30, 1962 ...........................................................................................................

300,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods:
(1) beginning July 1, 1962, and ending March 31, 1963, to ..........................................................................................................................
(2) beginning April 1, 1963, and ending June 24, 1963, to ...........................................................................................................................
(3) beginning June 25, 1963, and ending June 30, 1963, to ........................................................................................................................

308,000,000,000
305,000,000,000
300,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods:
(1) beginning May 29, 1963, and ending June 30, 1963, to .........................................................................................................................
(2) beginning July 1, 1963, and ending August 31, 1963, to ........................................................................................................................

307,000,000,000
309,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning September 1, 1963, and ending November 30, 1963, to ..................................

309,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods:
(1) beginning December 1, 1963, and ending June 29, 1964, to ..................................................................................................................
(2) ending June 30, 1964, to ...........................................................................................................................................................................

315,000,000,000
309,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning June 29, 1964, and ending June 30, 1965, to ...................................................

324,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning July 1, 1965, and ending June 30, 1966, to ......................................................

328,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning July 1, 1966, and ending June 30, 1967, to ......................................................

330,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning March 2, 1967, and ending June 30, 1967, to ..................................................

336,000,000,000

106

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 7.3—STATUTORY LIMITS ON FEDERAL DEBT: 1940–CURRENT—Continued
Date and Act
June 30, 1967
81 Stat. 99 ................

April 7, 1969
83 Stat. 7 ..................
June 30, 1970
84 Stat. 368 ..............
March 17, 1971
85 Stat. 5 ..................
March 15, 1972
86 Stat. 63 ................
July 1, 1972
86 Stat. 406 ..............
October 27, 1972
86 Stat. 1324 ............
July 1, 1973
86 Stat. 1324 ............
December 3, 1973
87 Stat. 691 ..............
June 30, 1974
88 Stat. 285 ..............
February 19, 1975
89 Stat. 5 ..................
June 30, 1975
89 Stat. 246 ..............
November 14, 1975
89 Stat. 693 ..............
March 15, 1976
90 Stat. 217 ..............
June 30, 1976
90 Stat. 793 ..............

October 4, 1977
91 Stat. 1090 ............
March 27, 1978
92 Stat. 185 ..............
August 3, 1978
92 Stat. 419 ..............
April 2, 1979
93 Stat. 8 ..................
September 29, 1979
93 Stat. 589 ..............
May 30, 1980
94 Stat. 421 ..............
June 6, 1980
94 Stat. 439 ..............
June 28, 1980
94 Stat. 598 ..............
December 19, 1980
94 Stat. 3261 ............

History of Legislation

Sec. 21 amended to increase limitation on aggregate outstanding at any time to .......................................................................................
Sec. 21 amended also to increase the limitation temporarily, beginning July 1, 1968, and each July 1 thereafter for the
period beginning July 1 and ending June 29 of each succeeding calendar year by $7 billion, providing an operating
limitation of ........................................................................................................................................................................................................

Dollar Amount of
Limit
358,000,000,000

365,000,000,000

Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $365 billion, and increased sec. 21 limitation by $12 billion during period
beginning April 7, 1969, and ending June 30, 1970 ......................................................................................................................................

377,000,000,000

Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $380 billion, and increased sec. 21 limitation by $15 billion during period
beginning July 1, 1970, and ending June 30, 1971 .......................................................................................................................................

395,000,000,000

Amended sec. 21, increasing limitation to $400 billion, and increased sec. 21 limitation by $30 billion during period
beginning March 17, 1971, and ending June 30, 1972 ..................................................................................................................................

430,000,000,000

Amended sec. 21, to further increase the limitation temporarily by $20 billion during period beginning March 15, 1972, and
ending June 30, 1972 ......................................................................................................................................................................................

450,000,000,000

Amended act of March 15, 1972, striking out June 30, 1972, and inserting in lieu thereof October 31, 1972 ..........................................

450,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning November 1, 1972, and ending June 30, 1973 .................................................

465,000,000,000

Amended act of October 27, 1972, striking out June 30, 1973, and inserting in lieu thereof November 30, 1973 ...................................

465,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning December 3, 1973, and ending June 30, 1974 .................................................

475,700,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning June 30, 1974, and ending March 31, 1975 ......................................................

495,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning February 19, 1975, and ending June 30, 1975 .................................................

577,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning June 30, 1975, and ending November 15, 1975 ...............................................

577,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning November 14, 1975, and ending March 15, 1976 .............................................

595,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the period beginning March 15, 1976, and ending June 30, 1976 ......................................................

627,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation during the periods:
(1) beginning July 1, 1976, and ending September 30, 1976, to ..................................................................................................................
(2) beginning October 1, 1976, and ending March 31, 1977, to ...................................................................................................................
(3) beginning April 1, 1977, and ending September 30, 1977, to .................................................................................................................
Temporary increase terminated October 1, 1977, and limitation reverted to ................................................................................................

636,000,000,000
682,000,000,000
700,000,000,000
400,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation by $352 billion during the period beginning October 4, 1977, and ending March 31, 1978 .........................

752,000,000,000

Amended act of October 4, 1977, striking out March 31, 1978, and inserting in lieu thereof July 31, 1978 .............................................
Temporary increase terminated August 1, 1978, and limitation reverted to ..................................................................................................

752,000,000,000
400,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation by $398 billion during the period beginning August 3, 1978, and ending March 31, 1979 ...........................
Temporary increase terminated April 1, 1979, and limitation reverted to ......................................................................................................

798,000,000,000
400,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation by $430 billion during the period beginning April 2, 1979, and ending September 30, 1979 .......................

830,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation by $479 billion during the period beginning September 29, 1979, and ending May 31, 1980 ......................

879,000,000,000

Amended act of September 29, 1979, striking out May 31, 1980, and inserting in lieu thereof June 5, 1980 ..........................................

879,000,000,000

Amended act of September 29, 1979, striking out June 5, 1980, and inserting in lieu thereof June 30, 1980 .........................................

879,000,000,000

Increased sec. 21 limitation by $525 billion during the period beginning June 28, 1980, and ending February 28, 1981 ........................

925,000,000,000

Increased the total debt limit (composed of $400.0 billion of permanent ceiling, $535.1 billion of temporary ceiling) to ...........................

935,100,000,000

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

107

Table 7.3—STATUTORY LIMITS ON FEDERAL DEBT: 1940–CURRENT—Continued
Date and Act
February 7, 1981
95 Stat. 4 ..................
September 30, 1981
95 Stat. 955 ..............
September 30, 1981
95 Stat. 956 ..............
June 28, 1982
96 Stat. 130 ..............
September 30, 1982
96 Stat. 1156 ............
May 26, 1983
97 Stat. 196 ..............
November 21, 1983
97 Stat. 1012 ............
May 25, 1984
98 Stat. 217 ..............
July 6, 1984
98 Stat. 313 ..............
October 13, 1984
98 Stat. 2206 ............
November 14, 1985
99 Stat. 814 ..............
December 12, 1985
99 Stat. 1037 ............
August 21, 1986
100 Stat. 818 ............
October 21, 1986
100 Stat. 1874 ..........
May 15, 1987
101 Stat. 308 ............
July 30, 1987
101 Stat. 542 ............
August 10, 1987
101 Stat. 550 ............
September 29, 1987
101 Stat. 754 ............
August 7, 1989
103 Stat. 182 ............
November 8, 1989
103 Stat. 830 ............
August 9, 1990
104 Stat. 403 ............
October 2, 1990
104 Stat. 878 ............
October 9, 1990
104 Stat. 894 ............
October 19, 1990
104 Stat. 1030 ..........
October 25, 1990
104 Stat. 1075 ..........
October 28, 1990
104 Stat. 1086 ..........
November 5, 1990
104 Stat. 1388–560
April 6, 1993
107 Stat. 42 ..............
August 10, 1993
107 Stat. 312 ............

History of Legislation

Dollar Amount of
Limit

Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $585.0 billion through September 30, 1980, raising the total debt
ceiling to ............................................................................................................................................................................................................

985,000,000,000

Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $599.8 billion for one day—September 30, 1981 ......................................................

999,800,000,000

Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $679.8 billion through September 30, 1982 ...............................................................

1,079,800,000,000

Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $743.1 billion through September 30, 1982 ...............................................................

1,143,100,000,000

Increased the temporary portion of the debt limit to $890.2 billion through September 30, 1983 ...............................................................

1,290,200,000,000

Eliminated the distinction between permanent and temporary limit with the enactment of a single permanent limit.
Raised the debt limit to ....................................................................................................................................................................................

1,389,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit to ...............................................................................................................................................................................

1,490,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit to ...............................................................................................................................................................................

1,520,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit to ...............................................................................................................................................................................

1,573,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit to ...............................................................................................................................................................................

1,823,800,000,000

Increased the debt limit temporarily through December 6, 1985 to ...............................................................................................................

1,903,800,000,000

Increased the debt limit to ...............................................................................................................................................................................

2,078,700,000,000

Increased the debt limit to ...............................................................................................................................................................................

2,111,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit temporarily through May 15, 1987 to ......................................................................................................................

2,300,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit temporarily through July 17, 1987 to .......................................................................................................................

2,320,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit temporarily through August 6, 1987 to ....................................................................................................................

2,320,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit temporarily through September 23, 1987 to ............................................................................................................

2,352,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit to ...............................................................................................................................................................................

2,800,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 31, 1989 to ................................................................................................................

2,870,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit to ...............................................................................................................................................................................

3,122,700,000,000

Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 2, 1990 to ..................................................................................................................

3,195,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 6, 1990 to ..................................................................................................................

3,195,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 19, 1990 to ................................................................................................................

3,195,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 24, 1990 to ................................................................................................................

3,195,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit temporarily through October 27, 1990 to ................................................................................................................

3,195,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit temporarily through November 5, 1990 to ...............................................................................................................

3,230,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit to ...............................................................................................................................................................................

4,145,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit temporarily through September 30, 1993 to ............................................................................................................

4,370,000,000,000

Increased the debt limit to ...............................................................................................................................................................................

4,900,000,000,000

108

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 7.3—STATUTORY LIMITS ON FEDERAL DEBT: 1940–CURRENT—Continued
Date and Act
February 8, 1996
110 Stat. 55 ..............
March 12, 1996
110 Stat. 825 ............

March 29, 1996
110 Stat. 875 ............

History of Legislation

Dollar Amount of
Limit

Temporarily exempted from limit obligations in an amount equal to the monthly insurance benefits payable under Title II of
the Social Security Act in March 1996, the exemption to expire on the earlier of an increase in the limit or March 15, 1996.
Temporarily exempted from limit (a) obligations in an amount equal to the monthly insurance benefits payable under Title II of
the Social Security Act in March 1996 and (b) certain obligations issued to trust funds and other Federal Government accounts,
both exemptions to expire on the earlier of an increase in the limit or March 30, 1996.
Increased the debt limit to ...............................................................................................................................................................................

5,500,000,000,000

109

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.1—OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY: 1962–2002
(in billions of dollars)

Discretionary

Mandatory and Net Interest
Mandatory

Fiscal Year

Total
Outlays

Programmatic
Total

National
Defense

International Domestic

Total
Total
Total

Social
Security

Deposit
Insurance

Means
Tested
Entitlements 1

Other

Undistrib- Net
uted Off- Interest
setting
Receipts 2

1962 ..................................
1963 ..................................
1964 ..................................

106.8
111.3
118.5

72.1
75.3
79.1

52.6
53.7
55.0

5.5
5.2
4.6

14.0
16.3
19.5

34.7
36.0
39.4

27.9
28.3
31.2

33.1
34.1
36.9

14.0
15.5
16.2

–0.4
–0.4
–0.4

4.3
4.7
5.0

15.1
14.3
16.1

–5.3
–5.8
–5.7

6.9
7.7
8.2

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

118.2
134.5
157.5
178.1
183.6

77.8
90.1
106.4
117.9
117.3

51.0
59.0
72.0
82.2
82.7

4.7
5.1
5.3
4.9
4.1

22.1
26.1
29.1
30.9
30.5

40.4
44.4
51.0
60.2
66.4

31.8
35.0
40.7
49.1
53.7

37.8
41.6
48.0
57.1
61.7

17.1
20.3
21.3
23.3
26.7

–0.4
–0.5
–0.4
–0.5
–0.6

5.2
5.8
6.2
7.5
8.6

15.8
16.0
20.9
26.8
26.9

–5.9
–6.5
–7.3
–8.0
–8.0

8.6
9.4
10.3
11.1
12.7

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

195.6
210.2
230.7
245.7
269.4

120.2
122.5
128.4
130.2
138.1

81.9
79.0
79.3
77.1
80.7

4.0
3.8
4.6
4.8
6.2

34.3
39.7
44.5
48.3
51.1

75.5
87.7
102.2
115.5
131.3

61.1
72.9
86.8
98.1
109.8

69.7
83.0
96.3
111.5
126.6

29.6
35.1
39.4
48.2
55.0

–0.5
–0.4
–0.6
–0.8
–0.6

10.1
13.4
16.9
16.7
20.2

30.5
34.9
40.7
47.4
52.1

–8.6
–10.1
–9.6
–13.4
–16.7

14.4
14.8
15.5
17.3
21.4

1975 ..................................
1976 ..................................
TQ .....................................
1977 ..................................
1978 ..................................
1979 ..................................

332.3
371.8
96.0
409.2
458.7
504.0

157.8
175.3
47.9
196.8
218.5
239.7

87.6
89.9
22.3
97.5
104.6
116.8

8.2
7.5
3.3
8.0
8.5
9.1

62.0
77.9
22.3
91.3
105.3
113.8

174.5
196.5
48.0
212.4
240.3
264.4

151.3
169.8
41.1
182.5
204.8
221.7

164.9
184.2
45.3
197.4
220.6
239.2

63.6
72.7
19.5
83.7
92.4
102.6

0.5
–0.6
–0.1
–2.8
–1.0
–1.7

25.7
30.5
7.6
33.2
35.2
38.3

75.2
81.6
18.3
83.2
93.9
100.1

–13.6
–14.4
–4.2
–14.9
–15.7
–17.5

23.2
26.7
6.9
29.9
35.5
42.6

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

590.9
678.2
745.8
808.4
851.9

276.1
307.8
325.8
353.1
379.2

134.6
158.0
185.9
209.9
228.0

12.8
13.6
12.9
13.6
16.3

128.7
136.1
127.0
129.7
134.9

314.9
370.5
419.9
455.2
472.6

262.3
301.7
334.9
365.4
361.5

282.3
329.8
361.0
399.4
393.5

117.1
137.9
153.9
168.5
176.1

–0.4
–1.4
–2.1
–1.2
–0.8

45.0
51.6
51.8
56.9
58.0

120.6
141.6
157.4
175.2
160.3

–19.9
–28.0
–26.1
–34.0
–32.0

52.5
68.8
85.0
89.8
111.1

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

946.5
990.5
1,004.2
1,064.5
1,143.7

415.7
438.4
444.0
464.3
488.7

253.1
273.8
282.5
290.9
304.0

17.4
17.7
15.2
15.7
16.6

145.2
146.8
146.3
157.7
168.1

530.8
552.1
560.1
600.2
655.0

401.3
416.1
421.5
448.3
485.7

434.0
449.1
463.8
493.0
530.0

186.4
196.5
205.1
216.8
230.4

–2.2
1.5
3.1
10.0
22.0

62.2
66.1
70.0
77.1
84.1

187.5
184.9
185.6
189.1
193.6

–32.7
–33.0
–42.3
–44.7
–44.3

129.5
136.0
138.7
151.8
169.3

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

1,253.2
1,324.4
1,381.7
1,409.4
1,461.7

500.4
533.3
534.5
541.0
543.9

300.1
319.7
302.6
292.4
282.3

19.1
19.7
19.2
21.6
20.8

181.2
193.9
212.7
226.9
240.8

752.7
791.1
847.2
868.5
917.9

568.5
596.6
647.8
669.7
714.9

605.2
635.9
687.1
707.0
752.7

246.5
266.8
285.2
302.0
316.9

57.9
66.2
2.6
–28.0
–7.6

94.1
115.2
141.1
156.4
170.4

206.7
187.8
258.2
276.6
273.0

–36.7
–39.4
–39.3
–37.4
–37.8

184.2
194.5
199.4
198.8
203.0

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

..................................
..................................
estimate ...................
estimate ...................
estimate ...................

1,515.7
1,560.3
1,631.0
1,687.5
1,760.7

545.6
534.4
550.0
547.5
557.5

273.6
266.0
268.0
260.1
262.1

20.1
18.3
19.6
19.3
19.9

252.0
250.1
262.5
268.0
275.5

970.1
1,026.0
1,081.0
1,140.0
1,203.2

737.9
784.9
833.6
890.2
951.3

782.4
822.5
880.1
945.7
994.9

333.3
347.1
364.2
380.9
398.6

–17.9
–8.4
–12.1
–4.0
–2.0

181.6
187.3
202.3
213.2
223.2

285.4
296.5
325.6
355.6
375.1

–44.5
–37.6
–46.5
–55.6
–43.5

232.2
241.1
247.4
249.9
251.8

2000 estimate ...................
2001 estimate ...................
2002 estimate ...................

1,814.4
1,844.5
1,879.7

563.9
561.0
567.2

267.7
268.6
273.9

19.1
18.9
19.0

277.1
273.5
274.3

1,250.5
1,283.5
1,312.5

1,002.3
1,038.5
1,073.8

1,048.3
1,088.5
1,141.7

417.7
438.0
459.7

–1.1
–1.6
–1.5

235.3
240.5
255.3

396.4
411.6
428.2

–46.0
–50.1
–68.0

248.2
245.0
238.8

1 Includes Medicaid, food stamps, family support assistance (AFDC), supplemental security income (SSI), child nutrition programs, earned income tax credits (EITC and HITC),
welfare contingency fund, child care entitlement to States, temporary assistance to needy families and veterans pensions.
2 Including asset sales.

110

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.2—OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002
(in billions of dollars)

Discretionary

Mandatory and Net Interest
Mandatory

Fiscal Year

Total
Outlays

Programmatic
Total

National
Defense

International Domestic

Total
Total
Total

Social
Security

Deposit
Insurance

Means
Tested
Entitlements 1

Other

Undistrib- Net
uted Off- Interest
setting
Receipts 2

1962 ..................................
1963 ..................................
1964 ..................................

511.9
514.4
539.1

369.3
370.3
381.3

268.2
263.5
267.0

29.1
26.4
22.1

72.0
80.4
92.2

142.6
144.1
157.7

113.7
112.1
124.3

144.5
145.1
155.5

59.2
64.3
66.7

–2.1
–2.1
–2.1

18.3
19.6
20.5

69.2
63.3
70.4

–30.8
–33.0
–31.2

28.8
32.0
33.5

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

530.7
586.2
664.9
721.6
704.6

370.8
413.3
471.5
499.2
469.7

247.6
274.9
322.5
350.2
334.3

21.9
22.6
23.2
20.4
16.1

101.4
115.8
125.7
128.6
119.3

159.9
172.9
193.4
222.4
234.9

125.4
136.1
154.4
181.8
190.3

156.4
168.6
189.4
218.6
224.7

69.1
80.4
82.3
87.2
96.1

–1.8
–2.2
–1.7
–2.2
–2.4

21.2
23.1
24.0
28.2
31.1

68.0
67.3
84.9
105.4
100.0

–31.0
–32.5
–35.1
–36.8
–34.5

34.5
36.8
39.0
40.7
44.6

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

707.6
715.2
738.6
749.2
759.5

451.8
431.3
418.0
399.5
391.9

311.6
283.5
262.8
240.8
232.2

14.6
12.9
14.3
14.1
17.1

125.6
135.0
140.9
144.5
142.6

255.8
283.8
320.6
349.8
367.6

207.9
236.8
273.8
299.5
309.6

242.1
273.8
305.2
340.2
357.2

102.1
115.5
124.5
146.7
155.2

–1.8
–1.3
–1.9
–2.4
–1.7

34.7
43.9
53.5
50.9
56.9

107.1
115.7
129.2
145.0
146.8

–34.2
–37.0
–31.4
–40.7
–47.6

48.0
47.0
46.8
50.2
58.0

1975 ..................................
1976 ..................................
TQ .....................................
1977 ..................................
1978 ..................................
1979 ..................................

847.7
885.5
221.0
901.4
944.5
956.9

403.8
416.9
110.0
430.1
447.2
453.0

226.9
217.4
52.2
217.0
217.7
222.6

20.4
17.3
7.4
16.9
17.0
17.0

156.4
182.2
50.4
196.1
212.5
213.3

443.9
468.6
111.0
471.3
497.3
503.9

386.9
407.5
95.6
407.6
426.8
425.8

422.1
442.0
105.3
439.7
458.7
459.2

163.1
174.9
45.3
186.9
193.0
197.5

1.3
–1.3
–0.1
–5.9
–2.0
–3.3

65.8
73.3
17.7
74.2
73.4
73.7

192.0
195.1
42.4
184.5
194.2
191.2

–35.3
–34.6
–9.7
–32.1
–31.9
–33.4

57.0
61.1
15.4
63.7
70.5
78.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

1,015.5
1,056.3
1,086.3
1,123.5
1,129.0

472.0
472.8
466.4
481.3
488.9

230.4
242.5
264.6
284.0
288.2

21.9
20.9
18.6
18.7
21.6

219.7
209.4
183.3
178.6
179.1

543.5
583.4
619.8
642.1
640.1

454.9
477.7
497.8
518.8
493.5

490.0
521.4
536.2
566.3
536.8

203.6
218.8
229.3
239.7
240.8

–0.6
–2.1
–3.0
–1.6
–1.1

78.2
81.9
77.1
80.9
79.2

208.8
222.9
232.7
247.3
217.9

–35.0
–43.7
–38.4
–47.6
–43.4

88.6
105.7
122.0
123.4
146.6

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

1,208.9
1,230.4
1,213.8
1,245.6
1,284.7

514.9
530.5
525.3
536.1
545.1

306.6
325.3
330.6
334.5
338.9

22.3
22.2
18.5
18.4
18.6

186.0
183.0
176.3
183.2
187.7

694.0
700.0
688.5
709.5
739.6

528.6
531.1
521.3
532.6
550.4

571.2
573.1
573.3
585.4
600.5

246.2
251.4
254.0
257.9
261.3

–2.8
1.9
3.8
11.7
24.6

82.1
84.6
86.7
91.6
95.3

245.7
235.2
228.9
224.2
219.2

–42.6
–42.1
–52.0
–52.8
–50.1

165.4
168.9
167.2
176.9
189.2

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

1,353.7
1,366.1
1,381.7
1,374.7
1,393.2

541.1
550.2
534.5
528.8
518.7

325.5
331.4
302.6
287.5
271.5

20.7
20.2
19.2
20.9
19.4

194.9
198.7
212.7
220.4
227.8

812.6
815.8
847.2
845.8
874.5

614.8
615.6
647.8
652.1
681.2

655.0
656.0
687.1
687.8
715.7

266.9
275.6
285.2
293.7
301.1

62.8
67.8
2.6
–27.1
–7.1

101.8
119.0
141.1
152.1
161.9

223.5
193.7
258.2
269.1
259.8

–40.1
–40.4
–39.3
–35.7
–34.5

197.8
200.3
199.4
193.7
193.3

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

..................................
..................................
estimate ...................
estimate ...................
estimate ...................

1,410.7
1,419.6
1,445.5
1,456.1
1,479.6

507.9
483.3
485.1
468.6
465.8

256.9
242.3
238.1
225.3
221.3

18.4
16.2
16.9
16.0
16.2

232.6
224.8
230.0
227.3
228.3

902.8
936.3
960.5
987.5
1,013.9

687.1
716.9
740.8
771.3
801.5

726.2
748.4
778.8
815.5
835.2

309.0
315.4
322.0
328.2
334.4

–16.3
–7.4
–10.4
–3.3
–1.6

168.4
170.2
178.8
183.7
187.2

265.1
270.2
288.4
307.0
315.2

–39.1
–31.5
–37.9
–44.2
–33.7

215.7
219.4
219.6
216.2
212.4

2000 estimate ...................
2001 estimate ...................
2002 estimate ...................

1,484.5
1,470.4
1,461.3

458.3
444.6
438.6

220.3
215.4
214.1

15.0
14.6
14.3

223.0
214.6
210.2

1,026.2
1,025.9
1,022.7

822.2
829.6
836.2

856.9
866.5
885.0

341.2
348.3
356.0

–0.9
–1.2
–1.1

192.2
191.3
197.7

324.4
328.0
332.3

–34.8
–36.9
–48.8

204.0
196.3
186.4

1 Includes Medicaid, food stamps, family support assistance (AFDC), supplemental security income (SSI), child nutrition programs, earned income tax credits (EITC and HITC),
welfare contingency fund, child care entitlement to States, temporary assistance to needy families and veterans pensions.
2 Including asset sales.

111

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.3—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY: 1962–2002
Discretionary

Mandatory and Net Interest
Mandatory

Fiscal Year

Total
Outlays

Programmatic
Total

National
Defense

International Domestic

Total
Total
Total

Social
Security

Deposit
Insurance

Means
Tested
Entitlements 1

Other

Undistrib- Net
uted Off- Interest
setting
Receipts 2

1962 ..................................
1963 ..................................
1964 ..................................

100.0
100.0
100.0

67.5
67.6
66.8

49.2
48.3
46.4

5.2
4.7
3.9

13.1
14.7
16.4

32.5
32.4
33.2

26.1
25.4
26.3

31.0
30.6
31.1

13.2
13.9
13.7

–0.4
–0.4
–0.4

4.1
4.2
4.2

14.2
12.9
13.6

–4.9
–5.2
–4.8

6.4
7.0
6.9

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

65.8
67.0
67.6
66.2
63.9

43.2
43.9
45.7
46.1
45.0

4.0
3.8
3.4
2.7
2.2

18.7
19.4
18.5
17.4
16.6

34.2
33.0
32.4
33.8
36.1

26.9
26.0
25.9
27.6
29.2

31.9
30.9
30.5
32.1
33.6

14.4
15.1
13.5
13.1
14.5

–0.3
–0.4
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3

4.4
4.3
3.9
4.2
4.7

13.4
11.9
13.3
15.1
14.7

–5.0
–4.9
–4.6
–4.5
–4.3

7.3
7.0
6.5
6.2
6.9

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

61.4
58.3
55.7
53.0
51.3

41.9
37.6
34.4
31.4
30.0

2.0
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.3

17.5
18.9
19.3
19.7
19.0

38.6
41.7
44.3
47.0
48.7

31.2
34.7
37.6
39.9
40.8

35.6
39.5
41.8
45.4
47.0

15.2
16.7
17.1
19.6
20.4

–0.3
–0.2
–0.3
–0.3
–0.2

5.2
6.4
7.3
6.8
7.5

15.6
16.6
17.6
19.3
19.3

–4.4
–4.8
–4.2
–5.5
–6.2

7.4
7.1
6.7
7.1
8.0

1975 ..................................
1976 ..................................
TQ .....................................
1977 ..................................
1978 ..................................
1979 ..................................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

47.5
47.1
50.0
48.1
47.6
47.6

26.4
24.2
23.2
23.8
22.8
23.2

2.5
2.0
3.5
2.0
1.9
1.8

18.7
21.0
23.3
22.3
22.9
22.6

52.5
52.9
50.0
51.9
52.4
52.4

45.5
45.7
42.8
44.6
44.7
44.0

49.6
49.5
47.2
48.2
48.1
47.5

19.1
19.6
20.3
20.5
20.2
20.4

0.2
–0.2
–0.1
–0.7
–0.2
–0.3

7.7
8.2
7.9
8.1
7.7
7.6

22.6
21.9
19.1
20.3
20.5
19.9

–4.1
–3.9
–4.4
–3.6
–3.4
–3.5

7.0
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.7
8.5

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

46.7
45.4
43.7
43.7
44.5

22.8
23.3
24.9
26.0
26.8

2.2
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.9

21.8
20.1
17.0
16.0
15.8

53.3
54.6
56.3
56.3
55.5

44.4
44.5
44.9
45.2
42.4

47.8
48.6
48.4
49.4
46.2

19.8
20.3
20.6
20.8
20.7

–0.1
–0.2
–0.3
–0.1
–0.1

7.6
7.6
6.9
7.0
6.8

20.4
20.9
21.1
21.7
18.8

–3.4
–4.1
–3.5
–4.2
–3.8

8.9
10.1
11.4
11.1
13.0

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

43.9
44.3
44.2
43.6
42.7

26.7
27.6
28.1
27.3
26.6

1.8
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.5

15.3
14.8
14.6
14.8
14.7

56.1
55.7
55.8
56.4
57.3

42.4
42.0
42.0
42.1
42.5

45.8
45.3
46.2
46.3
46.3

19.7
19.8
20.4
20.4
20.1

–0.2
0.2
0.3
0.9
1.9

6.6
6.7
7.0
7.2
7.3

19.8
18.7
18.5
17.8
16.9

–3.5
–3.3
–4.2
–4.2
–3.9

13.7
13.7
13.8
14.3
14.8

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

39.9
40.3
38.7
38.4
37.2

24.0
24.1
21.9
20.7
19.3

1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.4

14.5
14.6
15.4
16.1
16.5

60.1
59.7
61.3
61.6
62.8

45.4
45.0
46.9
47.5
48.9

48.3
48.0
49.7
50.2
51.5

19.7
20.1
20.6
21.4
21.7

4.6
5.0
0.2
–2.0
–0.5

7.5
8.7
10.2
11.1
11.7

16.5
14.2
18.7
19.6
18.7

–2.9
–3.0
–2.8
–2.7
–2.6

14.7
14.7
14.4
14.1
13.9

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

..................................
..................................
estimate ...................
estimate ...................
estimate ...................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

36.0
34.2
33.7
32.4
31.7

18.0
17.0
16.4
15.4
14.9

1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1

16.6
16.0
16.1
15.9
15.6

64.0
65.8
66.3
67.6
68.3

48.7
50.3
51.1
52.8
54.0

51.6
52.7
54.0
56.0
56.5

22.0
22.2
22.3
22.6
22.6

–1.2
–0.5
–0.7
–0.2
–0.1

12.0
12.0
12.4
12.6
12.7

18.8
19.0
20.0
21.1
21.3

–2.9
–2.4
–2.9
–3.3
–2.5

15.3
15.5
15.2
14.8
14.3

2000 estimate ...................
2001 estimate ...................
2002 estimate ...................

100.0
100.0
100.0

31.1
30.4
30.2

14.8
14.6
14.6

1.1
1.0
1.0

15.3
14.8
14.6

68.9
69.6
69.8

55.2
56.3
57.1

57.8
59.0
60.7

23.0
23.7
24.5

–0.1
–0.1
–0.1

13.0
13.0
13.6

21.8
22.3
22.8

–2.5
–2.7
–3.6

13.7
13.3
12.7

1 Includes Medicaid, food stamps, family support assistance (AFDC), supplemental security income (SSI), child nutrition programs, earned income tax credits (EITC and HITC),
welfare contingency fund, child care entitlement to States, temporary assistance to needy families and veterans pensions.
2 Including asset sales.

112

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.4—OUTLAYS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1962–2002
Discretionary

Mandatory and Net Interest
Mandatory

Fiscal Year

Total
Outlays

Programmatic
Total

National
Defense

International Domestic

Total
Total
Total

Social
Security

Deposit
Insurance

Means
Tested
Entitlements 1

Other

Undistrib- Net
uted Off- Interest
setting
Receipts 2

1962 ..................................
1963 ..................................
1964 ..................................

18.8
18.6
18.5

12.7
12.6
12.4

9.3
9.0
8.6

1.0
0.9
0.7

2.5
2.7
3.0

6.1
6.0
6.2

4.9
4.7
4.9

5.8
5.7
5.8

2.5
2.6
2.5

–0.1
–0.1
–0.1

0.8
0.8
0.8

2.7
2.4
2.5

–0.9
–1.0
–0.9

1.2
1.3
1.3

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

17.2
17.9
19.4
20.5
19.4

11.3
12.0
13.1
13.6
12.4

7.4
7.8
8.9
9.5
8.7

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.4

3.2
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.2

5.9
5.9
6.3
6.9
7.0

4.6
4.7
5.0
5.7
5.7

5.5
5.5
5.9
6.6
6.5

2.5
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.8

–0.1
–0.1
–*
–0.1
–0.1

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9

2.3
2.1
2.6
3.1
2.8

–0.9
–0.9
–0.9
–0.9
–0.8

1.3
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

19.4
19.5
19.6
18.8
18.7

11.9
11.4
10.9
10.0
9.6

8.1
7.3
6.7
5.9
5.6

0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4

3.4
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.6

7.5
8.1
8.7
8.8
9.1

6.1
6.8
7.4
7.5
7.6

6.9
7.7
8.2
8.5
8.8

2.9
3.3
3.3
3.7
3.8

–*
–*
–0.1
–0.1
–*

1.0
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.4

3.0
3.2
3.5
3.6
3.6

–0.9
–0.9
–0.8
–1.0
–1.2

1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.5

1975 ..................................
1976 ..................................
TQ .....................................
1977 ..................................
1978 ..................................
1979 ..................................

21.4
21.5
21.1
20.8
20.7
20.2

10.2
10.1
10.5
10.0
9.9
9.6

5.6
5.2
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.7

0.5
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.4

4.0
4.5
4.9
4.6
4.8
4.6

11.2
11.4
10.6
10.8
10.9
10.6

9.7
9.8
9.0
9.3
9.3
8.9

10.6
10.6
10.0
10.0
10.0
9.6

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1

*
–*
–*
–0.1
–*
–0.1

1.7
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.5

4.8
4.7
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.0

–0.9
–0.8
–0.9
–0.8
–0.7
–0.7

1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

21.7
22.2
23.2
23.6
22.3

10.2
10.1
10.1
10.3
9.9

5.0
5.2
5.8
6.1
6.0

0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

4.7
4.5
4.0
3.8
3.5

11.6
12.2
13.1
13.3
12.4

9.6
9.9
10.4
10.7
9.5

10.4
10.8
11.2
11.7
10.3

4.3
4.5
4.8
4.9
4.6

–*
–*
–0.1
–*
–*

1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.5

4.4
4.6
4.9
5.1
4.2

–0.7
–0.9
–0.8
–1.0
–0.8

1.9
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.9

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

23.1
22.6
21.8
21.5
21.4

10.1
10.0
9.6
9.4
9.1

6.2
6.3
6.1
5.9
5.7

0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3

3.5
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.1

12.9
12.6
12.2
12.1
12.2

9.8
9.5
9.2
9.1
9.1

10.6
10.3
10.1
10.0
9.9

4.5
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.3

–0.1
*
0.1
0.2
0.4

1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6

4.6
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6

–0.8
–0.8
–0.9
–0.9
–0.8

3.2
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.2

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

22.0
22.6
22.5
21.8
21.4

8.8
9.1
8.7
8.4
8.0

5.3
5.5
4.9
4.5
4.1

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

3.2
3.3
3.5
3.5
3.5

13.2
13.5
13.8
13.4
13.4

10.0
10.2
10.5
10.3
10.5

10.6
10.9
11.2
10.9
11.0

4.3
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.6

1.0
1.1
*
–0.4
–0.1

1.7
2.0
2.3
2.4
2.5

3.6
3.2
4.2
4.3
4.0

–0.6
–0.7
–0.6
–0.6
–0.6

3.2
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

..................................
..................................
estimate ...................
estimate ...................
estimate ...................

21.1
20.8
20.8
20.5
20.4

7.6
7.1
7.0
6.7
6.5

3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.0

0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2

3.5
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.2

13.5
13.7
13.8
13.9
14.0

10.3
10.5
10.6
10.8
11.0

10.9
11.0
11.2
11.5
11.6

4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6

–0.2
–0.1
–0.2
–*
–*

2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6

4.0
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.4

–0.6
–0.5
–0.6
–0.7
–0.5

3.2
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9

2000 estimate ...................
2001 estimate ...................
2002 estimate ...................

20.1
19.4
18.9

6.2
5.9
5.7

3.0
2.8
2.7

0.2
0.2
0.2

3.1
2.9
2.8

13.8
13.5
13.2

11.1
10.9
10.8

11.6
11.5
11.5

4.6
4.6
4.6

–*
–*
–*

2.6
2.5
2.6

4.4
4.3
4.3

–0.5
–0.5
–0.7

2.7
2.6
2.4

* 0.05 percent or less.
1 Includes Medicaid, food stamps, family support assistance (AFDC), supplemental security income (SSI), child nutrition programs, earned income tax credits (EITC and HITC),
welfare contingency fund, child care entitlement to States, temporary assistance to needy families and veterans pensions.
2 Including asset sales.

113

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2002
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

Mandatory programs:
Human resource programs:
Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
Health:
Medicaid ..................................................................................................
Other ........................................................................................................

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.9

1.1

1.0

1.3

0.1
*

0.2
*

0.2
*

0.3
*

0.8
*

1.2
*

1.8
*

2.3
*

2.7
*

Total health .........................................................................................

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.8

1.2

1.8

2.3

2.8

Medicare ...................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................
Income security:
General retirement and disability ............................................................
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.7
Federal employee retirement and disability ...........................................
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.9
3.3
Unemployment compensation .................................................................
3.5
3.1
2.9
2.3
2.0
Food and nutrition assistance .................................................................
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
Family and Other Support Assistance ...................................................
2.3
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.8
Housing Assistance and Other ...............................................................
–*
–*
–*
*
–*

2.5

4.4

5.4

5.8

0.7
3.8
2.0
0.4
2.7
*

0.9
4.3
2.3
0.5
3.2
*

1.0
4.8
2.3
0.6
3.6
*

1.0
5.5
3.1
1.0
4.1
–*

Total income security ..........................................................................

8.7

8.8

9.1

8.9

9.1

9.6

11.1

12.3

14.7

Social Security .............................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services:
Income security for veterans ..................................................................
Other ........................................................................................................

14.0

15.5

16.2

17.1

20.3

21.3

23.3

26.7

29.6

4.0
0.4

4.2
–*

4.1
0.1

4.2
0.1

4.2
0.2

4.5
0.6

4.7
0.7

5.0
0.8

5.5
1.1

Total veterans benefits and services .................................................

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.4

5.2

5.4

5.8

6.6

Total mandatory human resources programs ...............................

27.5

29.0

30.2

30.9

35.1

40.7

47.1

53.5

60.9

Other mandatory programs:
International affairs ......................................................................................
Energy ..........................................................................................................
Agriculture ....................................................................................................
Deposit insurance ........................................................................................
Community and regional development .......................................................
General government ....................................................................................
Other undistributed offsetting receipts ........................................................
All other ........................................................................................................

0.1
–0.1
3.2
–0.4
*
–0.2
–5.3
2.9

0.1
–0.1
3.9
–0.4
*
–0.1
–5.8
1.7

0.3
–0.1
4.1
–0.4
*
–0.1
–5.7
2.9

0.6
–0.1
3.4
–0.4
0.1
–0.1
–5.9
3.4

0.5
–0.1
1.9
–0.5
0.1
–0.1
–6.5
4.7

0.2
–0.1
2.3
–0.4
0.1
–0.1
–7.3
5.3

0.4
–*
3.8
–0.5
0.1
–0.1
–8.0
6.4

0.5
–*
5.1
–0.6
0.1
–*
–8.0
3.1

0.4
*
4.3
–0.5
0.1
*
–8.6
4.5

Total other mandatory programs ...................................................

0.3

–0.8

1.0

0.9

–0.1

*

2.0

0.1

0.2

Total mandatory programs ..........................................................

27.9

28.3

31.2

31.8

35.0

40.7

49.1

53.7

61.1

Net interest:
Interest on the public debt ..............................................................................
Interest received by:
On-budget trust funds ..................................................................................
Off-budget trust funds ..................................................................................
Other interest ...................................................................................................

9.1

9.9

10.7

11.3

12.0

13.4

14.6

16.6

19.3

–0.8
–0.6
–0.8

–0.9
–0.6
–0.7

–1.0
–0.6
–0.9

–1.1
–0.6
–1.0

–1.3
–0.6
–0.7

–1.5
–0.8
–0.8

–1.7
–1.0
–0.8

–2.0
–1.1
–0.8

–2.4
–1.6
–1.0

Total net interest ..........................................................................

6.9

7.7

8.2

8.6

9.4

10.3

11.1

12.7

14.4

Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ......................................

34.7

36.0

39.4

40.4

44.4

51.0

60.2

66.4

75.5

* $50 million or less.

114

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

TQ

1977

1978

Mandatory programs:
Human resource programs:
Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
Health:
Medicaid ..................................................................................................
Other ........................................................................................................

1.5

2.6

2.3

2.4

3.1

3.4

0.9

3.6

4.5

3.4
0.1

4.6
0.1

4.6
0.2

5.8
0.2

6.8
0.3

8.6
0.5

2.2
0.1

9.9
0.5

10.7
0.5

Total health .........................................................................................

3.4

4.7

4.8

6.0

7.1

9.0

2.3

10.4

11.2

Medicare ......................................................................................................
6.2
7.0
7.6
9.0
12.2
Income security:
General retirement and disability ............................................................
1.6
1.8
2.6
2.7
4.7
Federal employee retirement and disability ...........................................
6.6
7.7
8.9
10.8
13.2
Unemployment compensation .................................................................
5.7
6.6
4.9
5.6
12.8
Food and nutrition assistance .................................................................
2.2
3.2
3.6
4.4
6.6
Supplemental Security Income ............................................................... ................ ................ ................
2.0
4.3
Family and Other Support Assistance ...................................................
5.5
6.6
5.9
5.4
5.1
Earned Income Tax Credit ...................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................
Housing Assistance and Other ...............................................................
–*
–*
–*
*
–0.1

15.0

4.0

18.6

21.8

3.0
15.5
18.6
7.8
4.6
5.8
0.8
–*

1.2
4.3
3.8
1.8
1.2
1.6
0.1
*

3.3
17.7
14.3
8.2
4.8
6.4
0.9
–*

3.1
19.8
10.9
8.4
5.3
6.6
0.9
–*

Total income security ..........................................................................

21.6

25.8

25.9

30.9

46.7

56.0

13.9

55.5

55.0

Social Security .............................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services:
Income security for veterans ..................................................................
Other ........................................................................................................

35.1

39.4

48.2

55.0

63.6

72.7

19.5

83.7

92.4

6.0
1.5

6.3
1.6

6.5
2.4

6.8
3.2

7.9
4.6

8.4
5.5

2.1
0.7

9.2
3.6

9.7
3.4

Total veterans benefits and services .................................................

7.5

8.0

9.0

10.0

12.5

13.9

2.8

12.8

13.1

Total mandatory human resources programs ...............................

75.3

87.5

97.7

113.2

145.1

170.0

43.4

184.6

198.1

Other mandatory programs:
International affairs ......................................................................................
Energy ..........................................................................................................
Agriculture ....................................................................................................
Deposit insurance ........................................................................................
Community and regional development .......................................................
General government ....................................................................................
Other undistributed offsetting receipts ........................................................
All other ........................................................................................................

0.4
0.1
3.4
–0.4
0.3
–*
–10.1
3.9

0.2
0.2
4.3
–0.6
0.4
–*
–9.6
4.3

–0.7
0.2
3.9
–0.8
1.0
6.5
–13.4
3.7

–0.5
0.6
1.2
–0.6
0.8
6.3
–16.7
5.6

–1.1
1.2
1.9
0.5
0.7
6.7
–13.6
9.9

–1.0
1.6
2.1
–0.6
0.9
6.2
–14.4
5.1

–0.9
0.4
0.7
–0.1
0.2
1.8
–4.2
–0.4

–1.7
2.0
5.5
–2.8
1.0
6.9
–14.9
1.8

–1.1
2.7
10.0
–1.0
1.1
7.3
–15.7
3.4

Total other mandatory programs ...................................................

–2.4

–0.7

0.4

–3.4

6.2

–0.2

–2.3

–2.1

6.7

Total mandatory programs ..........................................................

72.9

86.8

98.1

109.8

151.3

169.8

41.1

182.5

204.8

21.0

21.8

24.2

29.3

32.7

37.1

8.1

41.9

48.7

–2.8
–1.9
–1.4

–3.0
–2.1
–1.3

–3.2
–2.3
–1.4

–4.1
–2.5
–1.3

–4.9
–2.8
–1.8

–5.0
–2.8
–2.5

–0.2
–0.1
–0.9

–5.5
–2.7
–3.9

–6.1
–2.4
–4.7

Total net interest ..........................................................................

14.8

15.5

17.3

21.4

23.2

26.7

6.9

29.9

35.5

Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ......................................

87.7

102.2

115.5

131.3

174.5

196.5

48.0

212.4

240.3

Net interest:
Interest on the public debt ..............................................................................
Interest received by:
On-budget trust funds ..................................................................................
Off-budget trust funds ..................................................................................
Other interest ...................................................................................................

* $50 million or less.

115

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

Mandatory programs:
Human resource programs:
Education, training, employment, and social services ..................................................
Health:
Medicaid .....................................................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................

5.5

6.2

8.5

7.6

6.4

7.8

7.6

8.0

12.4
0.6

14.0
0.7

16.8
0.9

17.4
1.1

19.0
1.1

20.1
1.4

22.7
1.3

25.0
0.7

Total health ............................................................................................................

13.0

14.7

17.8

18.5

20.1

21.5

23.9

25.7

Medicare .........................................................................................................................
Income security:
General retirement and disability ..............................................................................
Federal employee retirement and disability ..............................................................
Unemployment compensation ...................................................................................
Food and nutrition assistance ...................................................................................
Supplemental Security Income ..................................................................................
Family and Other Support Assistance ......................................................................
Earned Income Tax Credit ........................................................................................
Housing Assistance and Other .................................................................................

25.5

31.0

37.9

45.3

51.2

56.0

64.1

68.4

4.0
22.6
9.8
10.1
4.9
6.6
0.8
0.1

4.7
26.6
16.9
13.1
5.7
7.3
1.3
0.2

5.1
31.2
18.3
15.1
6.5
8.2
1.3
0.9

5.1
34.3
22.3
14.4
6.9
8.0
1.2
0.7

5.1
36.5
29.6
16.5
7.9
8.4
1.2
0.5

5.0
38.0
17.0
16.3
7.6
8.9
1.2
1.2

5.2
38.5
15.8
16.7
8.7
9.2
1.1
13.9

4.9
41.3
16.1
16.6
9.3
9.9
1.4
0.9

Total income security ............................................................................................

58.9

75.8

86.6

92.9

105.7

95.3

109.1

100.5

Social Security ................................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services:
Income security for veterans .....................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................

102.6

117.1

137.9

153.9

168.5

176.1

186.4

196.5

10.8
2.9

11.7
2.3

12.9
2.5

13.7
2.0

14.3
1.6

14.4
1.6

14.7
1.2

15.0
0.6

Total veterans benefits and services ....................................................................

13.7

14.0

15.4

15.8

15.9

16.0

15.9

15.7

Total mandatory human resources programs ..................................................

219.2

258.7

304.0

333.9

367.8

372.6

407.1

414.9

Other mandatory programs:
International affairs .........................................................................................................
Energy ............................................................................................................................
Agriculture .......................................................................................................................
Deposit insurance ...........................................................................................................
Community and regional development ..........................................................................
General government .......................................................................................................
Other undistributed offsetting receipts ...........................................................................
All other ..........................................................................................................................

–1.7
3.1
9.7
–1.7
1.3
7.5
–17.5
1.9

–0.1
4.0
7.2
–0.4
1.9
7.8
–19.9
3.1

–0.5
4.8
9.6
–1.4
1.6
6.1
–28.0
5.7

–0.6
4.9
14.2
–2.1
1.7
5.2
–26.1
3.7

–1.8
2.9
21.2
–1.2
1.5
5.2
–34.0
3.7

–0.4
0.1
11.7
–0.8
1.4
5.3
–32.0
3.6

–1.2
–0.9
23.4
–2.2
1.1
4.9
–32.7
1.8

–3.6
–0.3
29.4
1.5
1.2
5.3
–33.0
0.7

Total other mandatory programs ......................................................................

2.5

3.6

–2.3

1.0

–2.4

–11.1

–5.8

1.2

Total mandatory programs ............................................................................

221.7

262.3

301.7

334.9

365.4

361.5

401.3

416.1

59.9

74.8

95.5

117.2

128.7

153.9

178.9

190.3

–7.7
–2.2
–7.3

–9.7
–2.3
–10.2

–11.5
–2.3
–13.0

–14.0
–2.1
–16.1

–15.3
–1.8
–21.7

–17.0
–3.3
–22.4

–21.8
–4.1
–23.4

–26.6
–4.3
–23.3

Total net interest .............................................................................................

42.6

52.5

68.8

85.0

89.8

111.1

129.5

136.0

Total outlays for mandatory and related programs .........................................................

264.4

314.9

370.5

419.9

455.2

472.6

530.8

552.1

Net interest:
Interest on the public debt .................................................................................................
Interest received by:
On-budget trust funds ....................................................................................................
Off-budget trust funds ....................................................................................................
Other interest ......................................................................................................................

116

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

Mandatory programs:
Human resource programs:
Education, training, employment, and social services ..................................................
Health:
Medicaid .....................................................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................

7.3

7.8

9.8

11.1

13.0

11.5

13.8

9.0

27.4
1.9

30.5
1.9

34.6
0.7

41.1
1.8

52.5
2.5

67.8
3.7

75.8
4.0

82.0
4.6

Total health ............................................................................................................

29.3

32.3

35.3

42.9

55.0

71.5

79.8

86.6

Medicare .........................................................................................................................
Income security:
General retirement and disability ..............................................................................
Federal employee retirement and disability ..............................................................
Unemployment compensation ...................................................................................
Food and nutrition assistance ...................................................................................
Supplemental Security Income ..................................................................................
Family and Other Support Assistance ......................................................................
Earned Income Tax Credit ........................................................................................
Housing Assistance and Other .................................................................................

73.4

76.9

82.7

95.8

102.0

116.2

127.9

141.8

5.1
43.7
15.5
16.9
9.9
10.5
1.4
1.4

4.9
46.8
13.6
17.8
11.4
10.8
2.7
1.2

5.2
49.1
13.9
18.8
11.5
11.2
4.0
0.7

4.7
51.9
17.1
21.3
11.5
12.2
4.4
0.4

4.4
56.0
25.1
25.7
14.7
13.5
4.9
0.2

5.0
57.5
37.0
29.5
17.9
15.1
7.3
–0.5

3.9
60.0
35.5
31.7
21.1
15.6
8.8
–0.6

5.3
62.4
26.4
33.0
24.5
16.5
10.9
–0.7

Total income security ............................................................................................

104.4

109.2

114.4

123.6

144.6

168.8

176.0

178.4

Social Security ................................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services:
Income security for veterans .....................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................

205.1

216.8

230.4

246.5

266.8

285.2

302.0

316.9

15.0
0.7

16.0
1.6

16.5
1.2

15.2
0.7

17.0
0.3

17.3
1.2

17.8
1.6

19.6
0.7

Total veterans benefits and services ....................................................................

15.7

17.6

17.7

15.9

17.3

18.5

19.3

20.3

Total mandatory human resources programs ..................................................

435.1

460.7

490.4

535.8

598.7

671.7

718.8

753.1

Other mandatory programs:
International affairs .........................................................................................................
Energy ............................................................................................................................
Agriculture .......................................................................................................................
Deposit insurance ...........................................................................................................
Community and regional development ..........................................................................
General government .......................................................................................................
Asset Sales (non-routine) ..............................................................................................
Other undistributed offsetting receipts ...........................................................................
All other ..........................................................................................................................

–1.7
–0.4
24.5
3.1
0.7
0.2
–7.7
–34.6
2.2

–1.5
–0.7
15.0
10.0
1.4
1.4
–7.7
–37.0
6.6

–1.0
–2.2
14.5
22.0
1.3
0.7
–7.1
–37.2
4.3

–5.2
–3.8
–3.1
–4.3
–3.7
–1.4
–2.0
–0.9
–1.2
–1.2
9.3
12.4
11.0
16.1
10.7
57.9
66.2
2.6
–28.0
–7.6
1.2
0.7
0.5
0.7
–0.4
1.7
1.3
2.0
1.5
–0.4
–0.1 ................ ................ ................ ................
–36.6
–39.4
–39.3
–37.4
–37.8
5.8
–37.5
3.2
3.6
2.2

Total other mandatory programs ......................................................................

–13.7

–12.3

–4.7

32.7

–2.1

–23.9

–49.1

–38.1

Total mandatory programs ............................................................................

421.5

448.3

485.7

568.5

596.6

647.8

669.7

714.9

195.3

214.1

240.9

264.7

285.5

292.3

292.5

296.3

–29.6
–5.3
–21.7

–34.4
–7.4
–20.4

–40.5
–11.4
–19.8

–46.3
–16.0
–18.2

–50.4
–20.2
–20.3

–54.2
–23.6
–15.1

–55.5
–26.8
–11.4

–56.5
–29.2
–7.6

Total net interest .............................................................................................

138.7

151.8

169.3

184.2

194.5

199.4

198.8

203.0

Total outlays for mandatory and related programs .........................................................

560.1

600.2

655.0

752.7

791.1

847.2

868.5

917.9

Net interest:
Interest on the public debt .................................................................................................
Interest received by:
On-budget trust funds ....................................................................................................
Off-budget trust funds ....................................................................................................
Other interest ......................................................................................................................

117

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.5—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program
Mandatory programs:
Human resource programs:
Education, training, employment, and social services ..................................................
Health:
Medicaid .....................................................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................

1995

1996

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

15.7

13.9

10.1

13.6

15.1

15.6

15.3

13.2

89.1
4.3

92.0
4.8

98.5
5.0

105.9
7.7

111.6
8.4

118.2
8.7

125.2
9.2

133.4
6.7

Total health ............................................................................................................

93.4

96.8

103.6

113.5

120.0

126.8

134.4

140.1

Medicare .........................................................................................................................
Income security:
General retirement and disability ..............................................................................
Federal employee retirement and disability ..............................................................
Unemployment compensation ...................................................................................
Food and nutrition assistance ...................................................................................
Supplemental Security Income ..................................................................................
Family and Other Support Assistance ......................................................................
Earned Income Tax Credit ........................................................................................
Housing Assistance and Other .................................................................................

156.9

171.3

191.6

204.3

216.8

226.6

243.3

260.5

4.7
65.7
21.3
33.5
24.5
17.1
15.2
–0.8

4.8
68.0
22.6
33.7
24.1
16.7
19.2
–1.1

4.2
71.1
22.8
33.6
26.8
20.4
21.2
–2.0

4.2
73.8
24.6
34.8
27.2
21.6
22.0
–2.3

4.2
77.1
26.0
36.1
28.6
22.3
22.9
–2.5

4.6
80.3
27.1
37.3
31.8
22.3
23.8
–2.7

4.7
83.3
28.2
38.5
28.4
22.3
24.6
–2.5

4.6
86.7
29.2
40.3
31.9
22.5
25.5
–2.8

Total income security ............................................................................................

181.3

188.0

198.0

205.9

214.6

224.5

227.5

238.0

Social Security ................................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services:
Income security for veterans .....................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................

333.3

347.1

364.2

380.9

398.6

417.7

438.0

459.7

19.0
0.9

18.2
0.6

20.5
*

21.2
1.2

21.8
1.4

23.7
1.4

21.1
1.4

23.3
1.4

Total veterans benefits and services ....................................................................

19.9

18.8

20.6

22.3

23.1

25.1

22.5

24.7

Total mandatory human resources programs ..................................................

800.4

835.8

888.1

940.6

988.3

1,036.4

1,081.0

1,136.2

Other mandatory programs:
International affairs .........................................................................................................
Energy ............................................................................................................................
Agriculture .......................................................................................................................
Deposit insurance ...........................................................................................................
Community and regional development ..........................................................................
General government .......................................................................................................
Other undistributed offsetting receipts ...........................................................................
All other ..........................................................................................................................

–3.7
–1.8
5.8
–17.9
0.5
1.4
–44.5
–2.4

–4.8
–3.1
5.0
–8.4
0.3
0.1
–37.6
–2.4

–4.7
–2.9
6.1
–12.1
0.5
0.9
–46.5
4.2

–4.4
–2.8
8.2
–4.0
–0.1
0.8
–55.6
7.4

–4.0
–3.7
7.6
–2.0
0.1
0.8
–43.5
7.7

–3.8
–2.9
7.2
–1.1
0.1
1.1
–46.0
11.4

–3.7
–3.1
6.1
–1.6
0.2
1.0
–50.1
8.5

–3.5
–4.9
5.9
–1.5
*
1.2
–68.0
8.3

Total other mandatory programs ......................................................................

–62.5

–51.0

–54.5

–50.5

–36.9

–34.1

–42.6

–62.5

Total mandatory programs ............................................................................

737.9

784.9

833.6

890.2

951.3

1,002.3

1,038.5

1,073.8

332.4

344.0

356.7

366.1

372.5

374.3

376.9

376.8

–59.9
–33.3
–7.1

–60.9
–36.5
–5.5

–62.8
–41.2
–5.3

–63.7
–45.2
–7.3

–64.6
–49.2
–6.8

–65.4
–53.2
–7.5

–66.4
–57.3
–8.2

–67.4
–61.6
–9.0

Total net interest .............................................................................................

232.2

241.1

247.4

249.9

251.8

248.2

245.0

238.8

Total outlays for mandatory and related programs .........................................................

970.1

1,026.0

1,081.0

1,140.0

1,203.2

1,250.5

1,283.5

1,312.5

Net interest:
Interest on the public debt .................................................................................................
Interest received by:
On-budget trust funds ....................................................................................................
Off-budget trust funds ....................................................................................................
Other interest ......................................................................................................................

* $50 million or less.

118

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

Mandatory programs:
Human resource programs:
Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
Health:
Medicaid ..................................................................................................
Other ........................................................................................................

1.6

1.9

1.6

1.7

2.3

4.0

4.4

3.9

4.9

0.4
*

0.7
0.1

0.9
0.1

1.1
0.1

3.1
0.2

4.5
0.1

6.8
0.1

8.2
0.1

9.4
0.1

Total health .........................................................................................

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.2

3.2

4.6

6.9

8.4

9.5

Medicare ...................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................
Income security:
General retirement and disability ............................................................
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.6
2.8
Federal employee retirement and disability ...........................................
8.1
9.3
10.4
11.6
13.2
Unemployment compensation .................................................................
14.8
12.9
11.9
9.4
7.7
Food and nutrition assistance .................................................................
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.4
Family and Other Support Assistance ...................................................
9.8
10.7
11.2
11.3
11.0
Housing Assistance and Other ...............................................................
–*
–*
–0.2
0.1
–*

9.4

16.3

19.1

19.9

2.7
14.6
7.7
1.6
10.5
0.1

3.4
16.0
8.5
1.9
11.9
0.1

3.6
17.1
8.2
2.1
13.0
0.1

3.4
19.0
10.6
3.3
14.3
–*

Total income security ..........................................................................

36.6

36.7

37.3

36.1

36.1

37.2

41.7

44.2

50.5

Social Security .............................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services:
Income security for veterans ..................................................................
Other ........................................................................................................

59.2

64.3

66.7

69.1

80.4

82.3

87.2

96.1

102.1

16.2
1.9

17.1
–0.1

16.7
0.5

16.8
0.2

16.4
1.0

17.3
2.5

17.2
2.7

17.9
2.9

19.0
3.7

Total veterans benefits and services .................................................

18.1

16.9

17.2

17.0

17.4

19.8

19.9

20.9

22.6

Total mandatory human resources programs ...............................

116.0

120.5

123.8

125.1

139.5

157.3

176.3

192.5

209.6

Other mandatory programs:
International affairs ......................................................................................
Energy ..........................................................................................................
Agriculture ....................................................................................................
Deposit insurance ........................................................................................
Community and regional development .......................................................
General government ....................................................................................
Other undistributed offsetting receipts ........................................................
All other ........................................................................................................

0.7
–0.3
16.7
–2.1
0.2
–1.2
–30.8
14.4

0.3
–0.6
19.7
–2.1
0.2
–0.7
–33.0
7.7

1.6
–0.5
19.7
–2.1
0.2
–0.6
–31.2
13.5

2.6
–0.6
15.9
–1.8
0.3
–0.5
–31.0
15.3

2.3
–0.6
8.3
–2.2
0.4
–0.4
–32.5
21.3

0.9
–0.2
10.1
–1.7
0.5
–0.6
–35.1
23.2

1.8
–*
15.9
–2.2
0.4
–0.6
–36.8
27.0

2.0
–*
20.0
–2.4
0.3
*
–34.5
12.3

1.3
*
16.0
–1.8
0.4
0.1
–34.2
16.4

Total other mandatory programs ...................................................

–2.3

–8.4

0.5

0.3

–3.4

–2.9

5.5

–2.2

–1.7

Total mandatory programs ..........................................................

113.7

112.1

124.3

125.4

136.1

154.4

181.8

190.3

207.9

38.2

40.9

43.5

45.5

47.1

50.9

53.4

58.3

64.4

–3.5
–2.6
–3.3

–3.7
–2.4
–2.8

–4.1
–2.5
–3.5

–4.5
–2.6
–4.0

–4.9
–2.5
–2.9

–5.7
–3.0
–3.2

–6.2
–3.6
–3.0

–6.9
–4.0
–2.8

–7.9
–5.2
–3.3

Total net interest ..........................................................................

28.8

32.0

33.5

34.5

36.8

39.0

40.7

44.6

47.9

Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ......................................

142.6

144.1

157.7

159.9

172.9

193.4

222.4

234.9

255.8

Net interest:
Interest on the public debt ..............................................................................
Interest received by:
On-budget trust funds ..................................................................................
Off-budget trust funds ..................................................................................
Other interest ...................................................................................................

* $50 million or less.

119

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

TQ

1977

1978

Mandatory programs:
Human resource programs:
Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
Health:
Medicaid ..................................................................................................
Other ........................................................................................................

5.1

8.5

7.2

6.7

7.8

7.9

2.1

7.8

9.1

11.1
0.2

14.6
0.2

14.0
0.6

16.4
0.5

17.6
0.7

20.6
1.0

5.2
0.3

22.1
1.0

22.3
1.1

Total health .........................................................................................

11.3

14.8

14.6

16.9

18.2

21.7

5.5

23.1

23.4

Medicare ......................................................................................................
20.3
22.3
23.3
25.4
31.4
Income security:
General retirement and disability ............................................................
5.2
5.6
7.8
7.6
12.0
Federal employee retirement and disability ...........................................
21.6
24.2
27.0
30.4
33.9
Unemployment compensation .................................................................
18.9
21.0
14.9
15.8
32.9
Food and nutrition assistance .................................................................
7.2
10.2
11.1
12.5
17.0
Supplemental Security Income ............................................................... ................ ................ ................
5.5
11.1
Family and Other Support Assistance ...................................................
18.0
20.7
18.0
15.3
13.1
Earned Income Tax Credit ...................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................
Housing Assistance and Other ...............................................................
–*
–0.1
–0.1
*
–0.2

36.3

9.5

41.7

45.8

7.2
37.2
44.7
18.8
11.0
14.1
1.9
–*

2.7
9.9
8.8
4.2
2.7
3.7
0.2
*

7.3
39.6
32.0
18.4
10.7
14.2
2.0
–0.1

6.4
41.4
22.7
17.6
11.0
13.9
1.8
–*

Total income security ..........................................................................

70.8

81.7

78.8

87.1

119.8

134.8

32.2

124.0

114.9

Social Security .............................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services:
Income security for veterans ..................................................................
Other ........................................................................................................

115.5

124.4

146.7

155.2

163.1

174.9

45.3

186.9

193.0

19.5
4.9

20.1
5.2

20.0
7.4

19.2
9.1

20.2
11.8

20.1
13.3

4.9
1.7

20.6
8.0

20.4
7.0

Total veterans benefits and services .................................................

24.4

25.3

27.4

28.3

32.0

33.4

6.5

28.6

27.4

Total mandatory human resources programs ...............................

247.4

277.0

297.9

319.6

372.3

409.0

101.1

412.2

413.7

Other mandatory programs:
International affairs ......................................................................................
Energy ..........................................................................................................
Agriculture ....................................................................................................
Deposit insurance ........................................................................................
Community and regional development .......................................................
General government ....................................................................................
Other undistributed offsetting receipts ........................................................
All other ........................................................................................................

1.3
0.5
11.6
–1.3
0.9
–*
–37.0
13.3

0.6
0.6
13.5
–1.9
1.2
*
–31.4
14.1

–2.0
0.5
11.4
–2.4
3.1
20.2
–40.7
11.5

–1.3
1.7
3.5
–1.7
2.2
17.7
–47.6
15.6

–2.7
3.0
4.9
1.3
1.7
16.8
–35.3
24.8

–2.4
3.7
4.8
–1.3
2.0
14.4
–34.6
11.8

–1.9
0.9
1.6
–0.1
0.6
4.0
–9.7
–0.8

–3.5
4.2
11.7
–5.9
2.2
14.9
–32.1
3.8

–2.1
5.4
19.9
–2.0
2.2
14.9
–31.9
6.8

Total other mandatory programs ...................................................

–10.6

–3.1

1.6

–10.0

14.5

–1.6

–5.6

–4.6

13.1

Total mandatory programs ..........................................................

236.8

273.8

299.5

309.6

386.8

407.4

95.6

407.6

426.8

66.4

66.1

70.0

79.3

80.1

84.8

18.0

89.3

96.8

–8.9
–6.2
–4.3

–9.0
–6.4
–3.9

–9.1
–6.6
–4.0

–11.0
–6.8
–3.5

–11.9
–6.9
–4.3

–11.4
–6.4
–5.8

–0.4
–0.2
–2.0

–11.7
–5.6
–8.3

–12.2
–4.8
–9.4

Total net interest ..........................................................................

47.0

46.8

50.2

58.0

57.0

61.1

15.4

63.7

70.5

Total outlays for mandatory and related programs ......................................

283.8

320.6

349.8

367.6

443.9

468.5

111.0

471.3

497.3

Net interest:
Interest on the public debt ..............................................................................
Interest received by:
On-budget trust funds ..................................................................................
Off-budget trust funds ..................................................................................
Other interest ...................................................................................................

* $50 million or less.

120

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program
Mandatory programs:
Human resource programs:
Education, training, employment, and social services ..................................................
Health:
Medicaid .....................................................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

10.3

10.6

13.1

10.9

8.8

10.4

9.8

9.9

23.9
1.1

24.3
1.3

26.7
1.4

25.9
1.5

27.0
1.5

27.4
1.9

29.9
1.7

32.0
0.9

Total health ............................................................................................................

25.0

25.6

28.1

27.5

28.6

29.3

31.6

32.9

Medicare .........................................................................................................................
Income security:
General retirement and disability ..............................................................................
Federal employee retirement and disability ..............................................................
Unemployment compensation ...................................................................................
Food and nutrition assistance ...................................................................................
Supplemental Security Income ..................................................................................
Family and Other Support Assistance ......................................................................
Earned Income Tax Credit ........................................................................................
Housing Assistance and Other .................................................................................

49.3

54.0

60.4

67.7

73.1

76.8

84.8

87.7

7.8
43.6
18.9
19.5
9.4
12.7
1.5
0.1

8.2
46.2
29.4
22.8
9.9
12.7
2.2
0.3

8.0
49.6
29.1
23.9
10.3
12.9
2.1
1.4

7.7
51.1
33.2
21.5
10.2
11.9
1.8
1.0

7.3
51.9
42.1
23.5
11.2
11.9
1.7
0.8

6.8
52.0
23.3
22.4
10.4
12.1
1.6
1.6

6.8
50.9
20.9
22.0
11.4
12.1
1.5
17.8

6.3
52.9
20.6
21.3
11.9
12.6
1.8
1.2

Total income security ............................................................................................

113.4

131.8

137.3

138.4

150.3

130.2

143.5

128.6

Social Security ................................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services:
Income security for veterans .....................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................

197.5

203.6

218.7

229.3

239.7

240.8

246.2

251.4

20.8
5.6

20.3
4.0

20.5
3.9

20.5
3.1

20.3
2.3

19.7
2.2

19.4
1.6

19.2
0.8

Total veterans benefits and services ....................................................................

26.4

24.4

24.4

23.5

22.6

21.9

21.0

20.1

Total mandatory human resources programs ..................................................

421.8

449.9

482.0

497.3

523.0

509.4

536.9

530.5

Other mandatory programs:
International affairs .........................................................................................................
Energy ............................................................................................................................
Agriculture .......................................................................................................................
Deposit insurance ...........................................................................................................
Community and regional development ..........................................................................
General government .......................................................................................................
Other undistributed offsetting receipts ...........................................................................
All other ..........................................................................................................................

–3.1
5.7
18.0
–3.3
2.5
14.1
–33.4
3.5

–0.1
6.9
12.4
–0.6
3.2
13.1
–35.0
5.3

–0.8
7.4
14.6
–2.1
2.4
9.3
–43.7
8.7

–0.8
7.1
20.4
–3.0
2.5
7.3
–38.4
5.4

–2.4
3.9
29.1
–1.6
2.1
7.0
–47.5
5.1

–0.5
0.1
15.4
–1.1
1.9
6.8
–43.4
4.8

–1.6
–1.2
30.0
–2.8
1.4
6.0
–42.6
2.3

–4.5
–0.4
36.8
1.9
1.4
6.4
–42.1
0.9

Total other mandatory programs ......................................................................

4.0

5.1

–4.3

0.5

–4.3

–15.9

–8.4

0.5

Total mandatory programs ............................................................................

425.8

454.9

477.7

497.8

518.7

493.5

528.5

531.0

109.8

126.1

146.8

168.3

176.7

203.1

228.5

236.2

–14.2
–4.1
–13.3

–16.4
–3.9
–17.2

–17.7
–3.5
–19.9

–20.1
–3.0
–23.1

–21.0
–2.5
–29.9

–22.5
–4.4
–29.6

–27.9
–5.3
–29.9

–33.1
–5.4
–28.9

Total net interest .............................................................................................

78.2

88.5

105.7

122.0

123.4

146.6

165.4

168.9

Total outlays for mandatory and related programs .........................................................

503.9

543.5

583.4

619.8

642.1

640.1

693.9

699.9

Net interest:
Interest on the public debt .................................................................................................
Interest received by:
On-budget trust funds ....................................................................................................
Off-budget trust funds ....................................................................................................
Other interest ......................................................................................................................

121

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

Mandatory programs:
Human resource programs:
Education, training, employment, and social services ..................................................
Health:
Medicaid .....................................................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................

8.6

9.0

10.9

11.9

13.3

11.5

13.5

8.7

34.0
2.3

36.2
2.2

39.2
0.8

44.5
1.9

54.2
2.6

67.8
3.7

73.7
3.9

78.0
4.3

Total health ............................................................................................................

36.3

38.4

40.0

46.4

56.8

71.5

77.6

82.2

Medicare .........................................................................................................................
Income security:
General retirement and disability ..............................................................................
Federal employee retirement and disability ..............................................................
Unemployment compensation ...................................................................................
Food and nutrition assistance ...................................................................................
Supplemental Security Income ..................................................................................
Family and Other Support Assistance ......................................................................
Earned Income Tax Credit ........................................................................................
Housing Assistance and Other .................................................................................

91.1

91.7

94.0

103.7

105.5

116.2

124.5

135.0

6.4
54.1
19.2
20.9
12.3
13.1
1.7
1.7

5.8
55.7
16.2
21.2
13.5
12.8
3.2
1.4

5.9
55.7
15.8
21.3
13.0
12.7
4.5
0.8

5.1
56.2
18.5
23.1
12.4
13.2
4.7
0.4

4.6
57.9
25.9
26.5
15.2
14.0
5.0
0.2

5.0
57.5
37.0
29.5
17.9
15.1
7.3
–0.5

3.8
58.3
34.5
30.9
20.5
15.2
8.5
–0.6

5.0
59.3
25.1
31.4
23.3
15.7
10.4
–0.7

Total income security ............................................................................................

129.3

129.9

129.8

133.8

149.3

168.8

171.1

169.5

Social Security ................................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services:
Income security for veterans .....................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................

254.0

257.8

261.3

266.9

275.6

285.2

293.6

301.1

18.5
0.9

19.0
1.9

18.8
1.4

16.5
0.7

17.5
0.3

17.3
1.2

17.3
1.5

18.6
0.7

Total veterans benefits and services ....................................................................

19.4

20.9

20.1

17.2

17.9

18.5

18.8

19.3

Total mandatory human resources programs ..................................................

538.7

547.7

556.1

579.8

618.4

671.7

699.1

715.9

Other mandatory programs:
International affairs .........................................................................................................
Energy ............................................................................................................................
Agriculture .......................................................................................................................
Deposit insurance ...........................................................................................................
Community and regional development ..........................................................................
General government .......................................................................................................
Asset Sales (non-routine) ..............................................................................................
Other undistributed offsetting receipts ...........................................................................
All other ..........................................................................................................................

–2.0
–0.5
29.6
3.8
0.8
0.2
–9.4
–42.6
2.7

–1.7
–0.8
17.5
11.7
1.7
1.6
–9.0
–43.8
7.7

–1.1
–2.4
16.3
24.6
1.5
0.8
–7.9
–42.1
4.7

–5.6
–3.9
–3.1
–4.2
–3.5
–1.5
–2.0
–0.9
–1.2
–1.1
10.1
12.7
11.0
15.6
10.0
62.8
67.8
2.6
–27.1
–7.1
1.3
0.7
0.5
0.6
–0.3
1.8
1.3
2.0
1.4
–0.3
–0.1 ................ ................ ................ ................
–40.1
–40.4
–39.3
–35.7
–34.5
6.3
–39.0
3.2
3.5
2.1

Total other mandatory programs ......................................................................

–17.5

–15.2

–5.8

35.0

–2.9

–23.9

–47.0

–34.7

Total mandatory programs ............................................................................

521.3

532.6

550.4

614.8

615.5

647.8

652.1

681.2

235.5

249.4

269.3

284.3

293.8

292.3

285.0

282.1

–35.7
–6.4
–26.2

–40.1
–8.6
–23.8

–45.2
–12.7
–22.1

–49.7
–17.2
–19.5

–51.9
–20.8
–20.9

–54.2
–23.6
–15.1

–54.1
–26.1
–11.1

–53.8
–27.8
–7.3

Total net interest .............................................................................................

167.2

176.9

189.2

197.8

200.3

199.4

193.7

193.3

Total outlays for mandatory and related programs .........................................................

688.5

709.4

739.6

812.6

815.8

847.2

845.8

874.5

Net interest:
Interest on the public debt .................................................................................................
Interest received by:
On-budget trust funds ....................................................................................................
Off-budget trust funds ....................................................................................................
Other interest ......................................................................................................................

122

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.6—OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY AND RELATED PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program
Mandatory programs:
Human resource programs:
Education, training, employment, and social services ..................................................
Health:
Medicaid .....................................................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................

1995

1996

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

14.6

12.7

9.0

11.8

12.7

12.8

12.3

10.4

82.6
4.0

83.6
4.3

87.1
4.4

91.2
6.4

93.6
6.9

96.5
6.9

99.6
7.1

103.3
5.1

Total health ............................................................................................................

86.6

87.8

91.5

97.6

100.5

103.4

106.7

108.4

Medicare .........................................................................................................................
Income security:
General retirement and disability ..............................................................................
Federal employee retirement and disability ..............................................................
Unemployment compensation ...................................................................................
Food and nutrition assistance ...................................................................................
Supplemental Security Income ..................................................................................
Family and Other Support Assistance ......................................................................
Earned Income Tax Credit ........................................................................................
Housing Assistance and Other .................................................................................

145.8

156.1

169.7

176.7

182.5

185.8

194.2

202.4

4.4
61.0
19.8
31.1
22.7
15.9
14.1
–0.8

4.4
61.8
20.5
30.7
21.9
15.1
17.4
–1.0

3.8
62.8
20.1
29.7
23.7
18.0
18.7
–1.8

3.7
63.6
21.2
29.9
23.4
18.6
18.9
–1.9

3.6
64.7
21.8
30.3
24.0
18.7
19.2
–2.1

3.7
65.6
22.1
30.5
26.0
18.2
19.5
–2.2

3.8
66.3
22.4
30.6
22.6
17.8
19.6
–2.0

3.6
67.2
22.6
31.2
24.7
17.5
19.8
–2.1

Total income security ............................................................................................

168.1

170.9

175.1

177.5

180.2

183.5

181.0

184.4

Social Security ................................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services:
Income security for veterans .....................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................

309.0

315.4

322.0

328.2

334.4

341.2

348.3

356.0

17.6
0.9

16.5
0.6

18.2
0.1

18.2
1.0

18.3
1.1

19.4
1.2

16.8
1.2

18.0
1.1

Total veterans benefits and services ....................................................................

18.4

17.1

18.2

19.3

19.4

20.5

17.9

19.1

Total mandatory human resources programs ..................................................

742.6

760.0

785.5

811.1

829.7

847.3

860.5

880.7

Other mandatory programs:
International affairs .........................................................................................................
Energy ............................................................................................................................
Agriculture .......................................................................................................................
Deposit insurance ...........................................................................................................
Community and regional development ..........................................................................
General government .......................................................................................................
Other undistributed offsetting receipts ...........................................................................
All other ..........................................................................................................................

–3.4
–1.7
5.3
–16.3
0.5
1.3
–39.1
–2.1

–4.3
–2.8
4.4
–7.4
0.3
0.1
–31.5
–2.1

–4.1
–2.5
5.3
–10.4
0.4
0.8
–37.9
3.7

–3.6
–2.3
6.8
–3.3
–0.1
0.7
–44.2
6.3

–3.2
–3.0
6.2
–1.6
0.1
0.7
–33.7
6.4

–3.0
–2.2
5.7
–0.9
0.1
0.9
–34.8
9.1

–2.8
–2.4
4.7
–1.2
0.2
0.8
–36.9
6.6

–2.6
–3.7
4.4
–1.1
*
0.9
–48.8
6.3

Total other mandatory programs ......................................................................

–55.5

–43.1

–44.7

–39.8

–28.2

–25.2

–30.9

–44.5

Total mandatory programs ............................................................................

687.1

716.8

740.8

771.3

801.4

822.1

829.6

836.2

308.8

313.0

316.7

316.8

314.1

307.6

301.9

294.2

–55.6
–30.9
–6.6

–55.4
–33.2
–5.0

–55.8
–36.6
–4.7

–55.2
–39.1
–6.3

–54.5
–41.5
–5.7

–53.8
–43.7
–6.2

–53.2
–45.9
–6.6

–52.7
–48.1
–7.0

Total net interest .............................................................................................

215.7

219.4

219.6

216.2

212.4

204.0

196.2

186.4

Total outlays for mandatory and related programs .........................................................

902.8

936.2

960.4

987.5

1,013.8

1,026.1

1,025.8

1,022.6

Net interest:
Interest on the public debt .................................................................................................
Interest received by:
On-budget trust funds ....................................................................................................
Off-budget trust funds ....................................................................................................
Other interest ......................................................................................................................

* $50 million or less.

123

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.7—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962–2002
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

National defense ...................................................................................................
International affairs ...............................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research ..........................................................
Space and other technology .......................................................................

52.6
5.5

53.7
5.2

55.0
4.6

51.0
4.7

59.0
5.1

72.0
5.3

82.2
4.9

82.7
4.1

81.9
4.0

0.5
1.2

0.5
2.5

0.8
4.1

0.8
5.0

0.9
5.9

0.9
5.3

0.9
4.6

0.9
4.1

0.9
3.6

Total General science, space and technology .......................................

1.7

3.1

4.9

5.8

6.7

6.2

5.5

5.0

4.5

Energy ..............................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ................................................................
Agriculture ........................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ........................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ..................................................................................
Air transportation .........................................................................................
Water and other transportation ...................................................................

0.7
2.3
0.4
1.3

0.6
2.5
0.5
1.4

0.7
2.6
0.5
1.2

0.8
2.8
0.5
1.6

0.7
3.1
0.6
1.9

0.8
3.3
0.7
2.2

1.0
3.4
0.8
2.1

1.0
3.4
0.8
1.0

1.0
3.5
0.8
2.1

0.1
0.7
0.6

0.1
0.8
0.6

0.1
0.8
0.6

0.1
0.9
0.7

0.1
0.9
0.7

0.1
1.0
0.7

0.2
1.0
0.8

0.3
1.2
0.8

0.3
1.4
0.9

Total Transportation ................................................................................

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.3

2.6

Community and regional development ............................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education .....................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services .................................................

0.4

0.5

0.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.3

1.5

2.3

0.6
0.3

0.7
0.3

0.8
0.4

1.0
0.8

2.1
1.7

3.3
2.3

3.8
2.8

3.7
2.9

4.3
3.0

Total Education, training, employment and social services ..................

0.9

1.1

1.2

1.8

3.9

5.5

6.6

6.6

7.3

Health ...............................................................................................................
1.1
1.3
1.6
1.5
Medicare ........................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................
Income security:
Housing assistance ......................................................................................
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Other ............................................................................................................
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

1.7
0.1

2.2
0.2

2.6
0.2

2.8
0.3

3.1
0.4

0.2
0.3

0.3
0.4

0.3
0.4

0.4
0.4

0.5
0.5

Total Income security ..............................................................................

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.8

1.0

Social security ..................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................
Administration of justice ...................................................................................
General government ........................................................................................

0.3
1.3
0.4
1.3

0.3
1.3
0.5
1.4

0.4
1.4
0.5
1.6

0.4
1.4
0.5
1.6

0.4
1.5
0.6
1.7

0.4
1.6
0.6
1.9

0.6
1.7
0.7
1.9

0.6
1.8
0.7
1.9

0.6
2.1
0.8
2.3

Total domestic .....................................................................................

14.0

16.3

19.5

22.1

26.1

29.1

30.9

30.5

34.3

Total outlays for discretionary programs .......................................................

72.1

75.3

79.1

77.8

90.1

106.4

117.9

117.3

120.2

124

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.7—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

TQ

1977

1978

National defense ...................................................................................................
International affairs ...............................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research ..........................................................
Space and other technology .......................................................................

79.0
3.8

79.3
4.6

77.1
4.8

80.7
6.2

87.6
8.2

89.9
7.5

22.3
3.3

97.5
8.0

104.6
8.5

1.0
3.2

1.0
3.2

1.0
3.1

1.0
3.0

1.0
3.0

1.0
3.3

0.3
0.9

1.1
3.7

1.2
3.8

Total General science, space and technology .......................................

4.2

4.2

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.4

1.2

4.7

4.9

Energy ..............................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ................................................................
Agriculture ........................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ........................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ..................................................................................
Air transportation .........................................................................................
Water and other transportation ...................................................................

0.9
4.2
0.9
2.7

1.1
4.8
0.9
1.9

1.1
5.5
1.0
2.0

0.7
6.5
1.0
2.4

1.7
8.1
1.1
2.9

2.6
8.9
1.1
2.8

0.7
2.9
0.3
1.2

3.8
11.3
1.2
3.5

5.3
12.0
1.4
3.4

0.5
2.4
1.0

0.6
2.8
1.1

0.8
2.2
1.2

0.9
2.2
1.3

2.1
2.3
1.4

9.1
2.5
1.5

2.2
0.6
0.4

9.5
2.7
1.7

9.9
3.2
1.7

Total Transportation ................................................................................

3.9

4.5

4.2

4.4

5.9

13.1

3.2

13.9

14.8

Community and regional development ............................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education .....................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services .................................................

2.6

3.0

3.6

3.4

3.6

4.6

1.3

6.0

10.8

4.9
3.5

5.4
4.5

5.5
4.9

5.5
4.6

7.1
5.8

7.6
8.0

1.9
2.4

8.5
8.9

9.2
13.1

Total Education, training, employment and social services ..................

8.4

9.9

10.4

10.1

12.9

15.5

4.2

17.5

22.2

Health ...............................................................................................................
Medicare ...........................................................................................................
Income security:
Housing assistance ......................................................................................
Other ............................................................................................................

3.4
0.4

4.0
0.5

4.6
0.4

4.7
0.7

5.8
0.7

6.7
0.8

1.6
0.2

6.9
0.8

7.3
0.9

0.8
0.6

1.2
0.7

1.7
0.8

1.8
1.0

2.1
1.4

2.5
2.3

0.7
0.5

3.0
2.5

3.7
2.8

Total Income security ..............................................................................

1.4

1.8

2.4

2.8

3.5

4.8

1.1

5.5

6.5

Social security ..................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................
Administration of justice ...................................................................................
General government ........................................................................................

0.7
2.3
1.2
2.4

0.8
2.7
1.5
3.0

0.9
3.0
1.9
3.3

0.9
3.4
2.3
3.8

1.1
4.1
2.8
3.8

1.2
4.5
3.3
3.6

0.3
1.2
0.9
2.1

1.4
5.2
3.6
5.9

1.4
5.9
3.8
4.7

Total domestic .....................................................................................

39.7

44.5

48.3

51.1

62.0

77.9

22.3

91.3

105.3

Total outlays for discretionary programs .......................................................

122.5

128.4

130.2

138.1

157.8

175.3

47.9

196.8

218.5

125

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.7—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

National defense .....................................................................................................................
International affairs ..................................................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research .............................................................................
Space and other technology ..........................................................................................

116.8
9.1

134.6
12.8

158.0
13.6

185.9
12.9

209.9
13.6

228.0
16.3

253.1
17.4

273.8
17.7

1.3
3.9

1.4
4.4

1.5
5.0

1.6
5.6

1.6
6.3

1.8
6.5

2.0
6.6

2.2
6.8

Total General science, space and technology .........................................................

5.2

5.8

6.5

7.2

7.9

8.3

8.6

9.0

Energy .................................................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ...................................................................................
Agriculture ...........................................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ...........................................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ....................................................................................................
Air transportation ............................................................................................................
Water and other transportation ......................................................................................

6.1
13.7
1.6
3.8

6.1
15.5
1.6
5.1

10.3
15.4
1.8
4.3

8.6
14.8
1.8
3.6

6.5
14.2
1.7
3.5

7.0
14.4
2.0
3.7

6.6
15.1
2.1
3.7

5.1
15.4
2.0
2.9

11.7
3.3
1.9

14.8
3.7
2.3

14.8
3.7
2.3

13.2
3.5
2.6

13.9
3.9
2.8

14.6
4.4
2.8

17.1
4.9
2.8

17.9
5.3
2.6

Total Transportation ...................................................................................................

16.9

20.7

20.8

19.2

20.5

21.8

24.8

25.9

Community and regional development ..............................................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education ........................................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services ....................................................................

9.1

9.4

9.0

6.6

6.0

6.3

6.6

6.1

10.9
13.9

12.4
13.3

12.8
12.4

11.3
8.2

12.1
8.1

12.1
7.6

13.6
8.1

14.3
8.4

Total Education, training, employment and social services .....................................

24.7

25.6

25.2

19.5

20.2

19.7

21.7

22.6

Health ..................................................................................................................................
Medicare .............................................................................................................................
Income security:
Housing assistance ........................................................................................................
Other ...............................................................................................................................

7.5
1.0

8.5
1.1

9.1
1.2

9.0
1.3

8.5
1.3

8.9
1.5

9.6
1.7

10.2
1.7

4.3
3.2

5.5
5.3

6.9
6.3

8.1
6.8

9.4
7.5

10.0
7.4

11.4
7.8

11.4
7.8

Total Income security ................................................................................................

7.5

10.8

13.2

14.8

17.0

17.4

19.2

19.3

Social security .....................................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services ..........................................................................................
Administration of justice .....................................................................................................
General government ...........................................................................................................

1.5
6.2
4.1
4.8

1.5
7.2
4.5
5.3

1.7
7.6
4.7
5.3

2.0
8.2
4.7
5.7

2.2
9.0
5.1
6.0

2.2
9.6
5.6
6.5

2.2
10.4
6.2
6.7

2.2
10.7
6.5
7.2

Total domestic .......................................................................................................

113.8

128.7

136.1

127.0

129.7

134.9

145.2

146.8

Total outlays for discretionary programs ..........................................................................

239.7

276.1

307.8

325.8

353.1

379.2

415.7

438.4

126

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.7—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

National defense .....................................................................................................................
International affairs ..................................................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research .............................................................................
Space and other technology ..........................................................................................

282.5
15.2

290.9
15.7

304.0
16.6

300.1
19.1

319.7
19.7

302.6
19.2

292.4
21.6

282.3
20.8

2.2
7.0

2.4
8.4

2.6
10.2

2.8
11.6

3.1
13.0

3.5
12.8

3.9
13.1

3.8
12.4

Total General science, space and technology .........................................................

9.2

10.8

12.8

14.4

16.1

16.4

17.0

16.2

Energy .................................................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ...................................................................................
Agriculture ...........................................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ...........................................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ....................................................................................................
Air transportation ............................................................................................................
Water and other transportation ......................................................................................

5.1
15.3
2.1
2.4

5.0
16.0
2.2
2.4

4.9
17.1
2.4
3.3

4.8
17.8
2.6
3.8

4.4
18.6
2.8
3.4

5.4
20.0
4.2
3.1

5.6
20.1
4.3
3.5

6.4
20.8
4.4
3.1

16.2
5.6
2.8

17.4
5.9
2.8

16.9
6.6
2.8

17.6
7.2
3.0

18.0
8.2
3.1

18.9
9.3
3.3

19.9
10.0
3.3

22.3
10.1
3.6

Total Transportation ...................................................................................................

24.5

26.1

26.4

27.9

29.3

31.5

33.3

36.0

Community and regional development ..............................................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education ........................................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services ....................................................................

5.5

5.2

5.1

7.3

6.1

6.4

8.4

10.8

14.8
8.2

15.7
8.7

17.4
9.5

18.3
9.3

20.4
10.0

22.5
11.2

24.7
11.5

24.6
12.7

Total Education, training, employment and social services .....................................

23.0

24.4

26.9

27.6

30.3

33.7

36.2

37.3

Health ..................................................................................................................................
Medicare .............................................................................................................................
Income security:
Housing assistance ........................................................................................................
Other ...............................................................................................................................

10.7
1.7

12.2
2.0

13.1
2.3

14.9
2.3

16.2
2.4

18.0
2.8

19.6
2.6

20.5
2.9

11.3
7.6

12.7
7.5

14.0
7.7

15.5
8.0

17.0
8.8

18.8
9.5

21.4
10.0

23.8
11.9

Total Income security ................................................................................................

18.9

20.2

21.7

23.5

25.8

28.2

31.3

35.7

Social security .....................................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services ..........................................................................................
Administration of justice .....................................................................................................
General government ...........................................................................................................

2.3
11.1
7.3
7.3

2.5
11.8
8.9
8.1

2.1
12.3
9.5
8.3

2.1
13.1
10.1
9.0

2.2
14.0
11.9
10.4

2.4
15.5
14.0
11.0

2.6
16.3
14.7
11.5

2.7
17.3
15.0
11.7

Total domestic .......................................................................................................

146.3

157.7

168.1

181.2

193.9

212.7

226.9

240.8

Total outlays for discretionary programs ..........................................................................

444.0

464.3

488.7

500.4

533.3

534.5

541.0

543.9

127

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.7—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1995

1996

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

National defense .....................................................................................................................
International affairs ..................................................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research .............................................................................
Space and other technology ..........................................................................................

273.6
20.1

266.0
18.3

268.0
19.6

260.1
19.3

262.1
19.9

267.7
19.1

268.6
18.9

273.9
19.0

4.1
12.6

4.0
12.7

4.2
12.3

4.1
12.3

4.3
12.1

4.3
11.9

4.3
11.7

4.3
11.7

Total General science, space and technology .........................................................

16.7

16.7

16.5

16.4

16.4

16.2

16.1

16.1

Energy .................................................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ...................................................................................
Agriculture ...........................................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ...........................................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ....................................................................................................
Air transportation ............................................................................................................
Water and other transportation ......................................................................................

6.8
21.9
4.0
3.4

6.0
20.9
4.1
3.1

5.0
21.7
4.1
2.6

5.0
21.2
4.1
3.4

5.0
21.7
4.1
3.8

4.9
22.1
4.0
5.4

4.7
22.2
3.9
3.3

4.5
22.0
3.9
3.2

23.5
10.0
3.6

23.6
10.1
3.3

23.6
9.9
3.2

23.6
10.1
3.1

23.7
10.1
3.3

23.6
10.2
3.3

23.7
10.4
3.2

23.9
10.7
3.2

Total Transportation ...................................................................................................

37.1

37.1

36.8

36.8

37.0

37.2

37.4

37.9

Community and regional development ..............................................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education ........................................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services ....................................................................

10.1

10.4

12.3

11.5

11.3

9.5

8.1

7.9

25.1
13.5

25.1
13.0

27.3
13.8

28.2
14.4

31.5
15.1

32.0
15.6

32.6
16.0

33.2
16.3

Total Education, training, employment and social services .....................................

38.6

38.1

41.1

42.6

46.6

47.6

48.5

49.5

Health ..................................................................................................................................
Medicare .............................................................................................................................
Income security:
Housing assistance ........................................................................................................
Other ...............................................................................................................................

22.0
3.0

22.6
3.0

24.0
2.7

24.7
2.8

25.1
2.7

25.2
2.7

25.2
2.7

25.2
2.7

27.4
11.8

26.7
11.3

28.9
11.9

29.3
12.3

29.4
12.3

29.3
12.4

29.4
12.4

29.5
12.5

Total Income security ................................................................................................

39.2

38.0

40.9

41.6

41.8

41.7

41.8

42.0

Social security .....................................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services ..........................................................................................
Administration of justice .....................................................................................................
General government ...........................................................................................................

2.6
18.0
16.2
12.4

2.6
18.2
17.6
11.8

3.5
19.1
20.0
12.2

3.4
18.6
23.7
12.1

3.4
18.8
25.4
12.4

3.3
18.8
26.0
12.5

3.3
18.7
25.6
12.0

3.3
18.7
25.6
11.9

Total domestic .......................................................................................................

252.0

250.1

262.5

268.0

275.5

277.1

273.5

274.3

Total outlays for discretionary programs ..........................................................................

545.6

534.4

550.0

547.5

557.5

563.9

561.0

567.2

Note: Due to the effects of the Credit Reform Act of 1990 on the measurement and classification of Federal credit activities, the discretionary outlays for years prior to 1992 are
not strictly comparable to those for 1992 and beyond. However, the discretionary outlays shown for 1992 are no more than $1 billion higher than they would have been if measured on the same (pre-credit reform) basis as the 1991 outlays.

128

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.8—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

National defense ...................................................................................................
International affairs ...............................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research ..........................................................
Space and other technology .......................................................................

268.2
29.1

263.5
26.4

267.0
22.1

247.6
21.9

274.9
22.6

322.5
23.2

350.2
20.4

334.3
16.1

311.6
14.6

2.6
6.5

2.7
12.7

3.7
19.8

3.7
23.4

3.8
26.1

3.9
23.2

3.9
19.2

3.7
16.1

3.5
13.1

Total General science, space and technology .......................................

9.1

15.4

23.5

27.1

29.9

27.1

23.1

19.8

16.6

Energy ..............................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ................................................................
Agriculture ........................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ........................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ..................................................................................
Air transportation .........................................................................................
Water and other transportation ...................................................................

3.5
12.0
1.9
7.1

3.2
12.7
2.3
6.9

3.3
12.7
2.3
5.6

3.9
13.1
2.4
7.6

3.3
13.9
2.7
8.2

3.6
14.1
2.9
9.7

4.4
14.1
3.2
8.8

4.0
13.3
3.0
4.1

3.6
12.8
3.0
7.7

0.4
3.9
3.3

0.3
3.9
3.2

0.3
3.8
3.0

0.3
4.0
3.2

0.4
4.0
3.0

0.5
4.3
3.2

0.6
4.3
3.5

1.1
4.6
3.3

1.1
5.1
3.3

Total Transportation ................................................................................

7.5

7.4

7.1

7.6

7.4

8.0

8.4

9.1

9.4

Community and regional development ............................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education .....................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services .................................................

2.2

2.6

4.2

4.8

4.6

4.4

5.4

5.9

8.5

3.2
1.5

3.7
1.6

3.8
2.0

4.6
3.6

9.7
7.7

14.2
10.1

15.8
11.8

14.3
11.5

15.8
11.0

Total Education, training, employment and social services ..................

4.7

5.3

5.8

8.2

17.5

24.3

27.6

25.9

26.9

Health ...............................................................................................................
5.5
6.2
7.3
6.8
Medicare ........................................................................................................... ................ ................ ................ ................
Income security:
Housing assistance ......................................................................................
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
Other ............................................................................................................
1.7
1.4
1.6
1.4

7.6
0.3

9.1
1.0

10.5
0.9

11.0
1.2

11.4
1.3

0.9
1.5

1.0
1.6

1.1
1.6

1.3
1.7

1.7
1.7

Total Income security ..............................................................................

2.4

2.1

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.6

2.7

3.0

3.4

Social security ..................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................
Administration of justice ...................................................................................
General government ........................................................................................

1.7
5.5
2.3
6.7

1.7
5.7
2.3
6.8

1.8
5.9
2.3
7.9

1.8
6.0
2.5
7.4

1.9
6.0
2.5
7.6

1.9
6.2
2.7
8.1

2.3
6.4
2.7
7.9

2.4
6.5
2.6
7.6

2.3
7.2
3.0
8.4

Total domestic .....................................................................................

72.0

80.4

92.2

101.4

115.8

125.7

128.6

119.3

125.6

Total outlays for discretionary programs .......................................................

369.3

370.3

381.3

370.8

413.3

471.5

499.2

469.7

451.8

129

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.8—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

TQ

1977

1978

National defense ...................................................................................................
International affairs ...............................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research ..........................................................
Space and other technology .......................................................................

283.5
12.9

262.8
14.3

240.8
14.1

232.2
17.1

226.9
20.4

217.4
17.3

52.2
7.4

217.0
16.9

217.7
17.0

3.4
10.8

3.1
10.0

2.8
9.0

2.8
8.2

2.6
7.4

2.4
7.7

0.7
1.9

2.3
7.7

2.3
7.5

Total General science, space and technology .......................................

14.3

13.0

11.8

11.0

10.0

10.1

2.6

10.0

9.8

Energy ..............................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ................................................................
Agriculture ........................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ........................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ..................................................................................
Air transportation .........................................................................................
Water and other transportation ...................................................................

3.0
14.5
3.0
9.2

3.4
15.0
3.0
6.0

3.1
16.2
2.9
5.8

1.9
18.0
2.7
6.7

4.4
20.4
2.7
7.1

6.0
20.8
2.6
6.4

1.6
6.4
0.6
2.6

8.0
24.0
2.6
7.3

10.5
24.1
2.7
6.7

1.7
8.1
3.5

2.0
8.6
3.4

2.5
6.4
3.6

2.7
6.0
3.7

5.4
5.9
3.6

21.2
5.8
3.5

4.9
1.3
0.9

20.4
5.8
3.6

20.1
6.4
3.4

Total Transportation ................................................................................

13.4

14.0

12.5

12.3

14.9

30.5

7.2

29.8

29.8

Community and regional development ............................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education .....................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services .................................................

9.1

9.8

10.8

9.7

9.2

10.6

3.0

12.9

21.7

16.6
11.9

17.2
14.6

16.7
15.1

15.4
13.0

18.0
14.8

17.8
18.6

4.3
5.3

18.6
19.3

18.7
26.4

Total Education, training, employment and social services ..................

28.5

31.8

31.8

28.4

32.8

36.4

9.6

37.9

45.1

Health ...............................................................................................................
Medicare ...........................................................................................................
Income security:
Housing assistance ......................................................................................
Other ............................................................................................................

11.6
1.4

12.6
1.4

13.6
1.3

13.2
1.8

14.7
1.7

15.8
1.9

3.6
0.5

14.9
1.6

14.8
1.9

2.5
2.1

3.7
2.2

5.0
2.3

5.1
2.9

5.5
3.5

6.0
5.3

1.5
1.1

6.7
5.5

7.7
5.7

Total Income security ..............................................................................

4.7

5.8

7.3

8.0

8.9

11.3

2.6

12.2

13.4

Social security ..................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services .......................................................................
Administration of justice ...................................................................................
General government ........................................................................................

2.5
7.7
3.9
8.3

2.5
8.6
4.6
9.3

2.7
9.2
5.8
9.7

2.4
9.4
6.5
10.4

2.8
10.5
7.0
9.4

2.8
10.9
7.7
8.3

0.7
2.7
2.0
4.7

2.9
11.6
7.7
12.7

2.8
12.2
7.6
9.4

Total domestic .....................................................................................

135.0

140.9

144.5

142.6

156.4

182.2

50.4

196.1

212.5

Total outlays for discretionary programs .......................................................

431.3

418.0

399.4

391.9

403.8

416.9

110.0

430.0

447.2

130

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.8—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

National defense .....................................................................................................................
International affairs ..................................................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research .............................................................................
Space and other technology ..........................................................................................

222.6
17.0

230.4
21.9

242.5
20.9

264.5
18.6

283.9
18.7

288.1
21.6

306.6
22.3

325.3
22.2

2.4
7.3

2.4
7.6

2.3
7.6

2.3
8.1

2.3
8.7

2.4
8.6

2.6
8.5

2.8
8.5

Total General science, space and technology .........................................................

9.7

10.0

9.9

10.4

10.9

11.1

11.1

11.2

Energy .................................................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ...................................................................................
Agriculture ...........................................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ...........................................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ....................................................................................................
Air transportation ............................................................................................................
Water and other transportation ......................................................................................

11.4
25.5
2.9
7.1

10.5
26.4
2.7
8.7

15.8
23.5
2.7
6.5

12.4
21.3
2.5
5.2

8.9
19.4
2.3
4.8

9.3
19.0
2.6
4.9

8.4
19.2
2.7
4.7

6.3
19.2
2.5
3.6

21.8
6.2
3.6

24.9
6.3
3.9

22.5
5.7
3.6

18.6
5.0
3.7

18.7
5.4
3.8

18.9
5.9
3.7

21.3
6.3
3.6

21.7
6.7
3.3

Total Transportation ...................................................................................................

31.5

35.1

31.8

27.4

27.9

28.5

31.3

31.6

Community and regional development ..............................................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education ........................................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services ....................................................................

17.1

15.8

13.7

9.4

8.1

8.1

8.3

7.4

20.5
25.9

21.1
22.4

19.7
18.9

16.2
11.7

16.6
11.0

16.1
9.9

17.4
10.1

17.7
10.2

Total Education, training, employment and social services .....................................

46.4

43.5

38.6

27.8

27.6

25.9

27.5

27.9

Health ..................................................................................................................................
Medicare .............................................................................................................................
Income security:
Housing assistance ........................................................................................................
Other ...............................................................................................................................

14.2
1.8

14.6
1.8

14.1
1.9

13.1
1.8

11.9
1.8

12.0
2.0

12.4
2.2

12.9
2.2

8.3
6.0

9.5
9.2

10.9
9.9

12.0
9.9

13.4
10.5

13.7
9.9

15.1
10.1

14.6
9.9

Total Income security ................................................................................................

14.3

18.7

20.8

22.0

23.9

23.7

25.1

24.5

Social security .....................................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services ..........................................................................................
Administration of justice .....................................................................................................
General government ...........................................................................................................

2.8
11.9
7.7
8.9

2.6
12.4
7.8
9.0

2.6
12.0
7.3
8.2

3.0
12.1
6.7
8.2

3.0
12.7
7.0
8.2

2.9
13.1
7.5
8.6

2.8
13.6
8.0
8.6

2.8
13.6
8.2
9.1

Total domestic .......................................................................................................

213.3

219.7

209.4

183.3

178.6

179.1

186.0

183.0

Total outlays for discretionary programs ..........................................................................

452.9

472.0

472.8

466.4

481.3

488.9

514.9

530.5

131

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.8—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

National defense .....................................................................................................................
International affairs ..................................................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research .............................................................................
Space and other technology ..........................................................................................

330.6
18.5

334.5
18.4

338.8
18.6

325.4
20.7

331.3
20.2

302.6
19.2

287.5
20.9

271.5
19.4

2.7
8.4

2.8
9.8

2.9
11.4

3.1
12.6

3.2
13.3

3.5
12.8

3.8
12.7

3.6
11.5

Total General science, space and technology .........................................................

11.2

12.6

14.4

15.6

16.5

16.4

16.5

15.1

Energy .................................................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ...................................................................................
Agriculture ...........................................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ...........................................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ....................................................................................................
Air transportation ............................................................................................................
Water and other transportation ......................................................................................

6.1
18.3
2.5
2.9

5.8
18.6
2.5
2.8

5.5
19.0
2.7
3.7

5.2
19.2
2.8
4.2

4.5
19.0
2.9
3.4

5.4
20.0
4.2
3.1

5.4
19.4
4.1
3.3

6.0
19.5
4.1
2.9

18.9
6.7
3.3

19.7
6.8
3.3

18.6
7.4
3.2

18.6
7.8
3.3

18.4
8.4
3.1

18.9
9.3
3.3

19.4
9.7
3.2

21.4
9.5
3.3

Total Transportation ...................................................................................................

28.9

29.8

29.1

29.7

29.9

31.5

32.4

34.3

Community and regional development ..............................................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education ........................................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services ....................................................................

6.4

5.9

5.7

7.7

6.2

6.4

8.2

10.4

17.7
9.7

18.1
9.9

19.4
10.4

19.6
9.8

20.8
10.2

22.5
11.2

24.1
11.2

23.5
12.1

Total Education, training, employment and social services .....................................

27.4

28.0

29.8

29.4

31.0

33.7

35.3

35.7

Health ..................................................................................................................................
Medicare .............................................................................................................................
Income security:
Housing assistance ........................................................................................................
Other ...............................................................................................................................

13.0
2.1

14.2
2.3

14.6
2.5

16.1
2.5

16.6
2.5

18.0
2.8

19.0
2.6

19.3
2.7

14.0
9.2

15.1
8.7

15.8
8.6

16.8
8.6

17.5
9.0

18.8
9.5

20.8
9.7

22.6
11.3

Total Income security ................................................................................................

23.2

23.9

24.5

25.4

26.6

28.2

30.5

33.9

Social security .....................................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services ..........................................................................................
Administration of justice .....................................................................................................
General government ...........................................................................................................

2.8
13.7
8.9
8.9

3.0
14.0
10.4
9.4

2.4
13.9
10.6
9.2

2.3
14.2
10.9
9.7

2.3
14.5
12.2
10.6

2.4
15.5
14.0
11.0

2.5
15.9
14.2
11.2

2.5
16.4
14.1
10.9

Total domestic .......................................................................................................

176.2

183.1

187.7

194.9

198.7

212.7

220.4

227.8

Total outlays for discretionary programs ..........................................................................

525.3

536.1

545.1

541.0

550.2

534.5

528.8

518.7

132

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.8—OUTLAYS FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS IN CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1962–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1995

1996

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

National defense .....................................................................................................................
International affairs ..................................................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research .............................................................................
Space and other technology ..........................................................................................

256.9
18.4

242.3
16.2

238.1
16.9

225.3
16.0

221.3
16.2

220.3
15.0

215.4
14.5

214.1
14.3

3.7
11.5

3.5
11.2

3.6
10.7

3.4
10.2

3.5
9.9

3.4
9.3

3.3
9.0

3.3
8.8

Total General science, space and technology .........................................................

15.2

14.8

14.3

13.6

13.3

12.7

12.3

12.1

Energy .................................................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ...................................................................................
Agriculture ...........................................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ...........................................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ....................................................................................................
Air transportation ............................................................................................................
Water and other transportation ......................................................................................

6.2
20.1
3.7
3.1

5.3
18.6
3.7
2.8

4.3
18.9
3.6
2.3

4.2
17.7
3.5
2.8

4.1
17.7
3.4
3.1

3.9
17.5
3.2
4.3

3.6
17.2
3.1
2.5

3.4
16.7
3.0
2.4

22.0
9.2
3.3

21.5
9.0
3.0

21.0
8.6
2.8

20.5
8.4
2.6

20.0
8.2
2.7

19.4
8.1
2.6

19.0
8.0
2.5

18.7
8.1
2.4

Total Transportation ...................................................................................................

34.5

33.5

32.5

31.5

30.9

30.1

29.5

29.2

Community and regional development ..............................................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education ........................................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services ....................................................................

9.5

9.4

10.8

9.9

9.5

7.8

6.5

6.1

23.4
12.6

22.8
11.8

24.2
12.2

24.3
12.4

26.4
12.7

26.2
12.7

25.9
12.7

25.7
12.7

Total Education, training, employment and social services .....................................

36.0

34.6

36.4

36.7

39.1

38.9

38.6

38.4

Health ..................................................................................................................................
Medicare .............................................................................................................................
Income security:
Housing assistance ........................................................................................................
Other ...............................................................................................................................

20.2
2.7

20.2
2.6

20.9
2.3

20.8
2.3

20.6
2.2

20.1
2.1

19.6
2.1

19.1
2.1

25.5
10.9

24.2
10.3

25.6
10.5

25.2
10.5

24.6
10.3

23.9
10.0

23.3
9.8

22.8
9.7

Total Income security ................................................................................................

36.3

34.5

36.1

35.7

34.9

33.9

33.1

32.4

Social security .....................................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services ..........................................................................................
Administration of justice .....................................................................................................
General government ...........................................................................................................

2.3
16.7
14.8
11.3

2.3
16.5
15.6
10.4

3.0
16.8
17.3
10.5

2.8
16.0
19.8
10.0

2.7
15.7
20.8
10.1

2.6
15.3
20.7
9.9

2.5
14.9
19.9
9.2

2.5
14.5
19.4
9.0

Total domestic .......................................................................................................

232.6

224.8

230.0

227.2

228.3

222.9

214.6

210.2

Total outlays for discretionary programs ..........................................................................

507.9

483.3

485.1

468.6

465.7

458.3

444.5

438.6

Note: Due to the effects of the Credit Reform Act of 1990 on the measurement and classification of Federal credit activities, the discretionary outlays for years prior to 1992 are
not strictly comparable to those for 1992 and beyond. However, the discretionary outlays shown for 1992 are no more than $1 billion higher (in nominal dollars) than they would
have been if measured on the same (pre-credit reform) basis as the 1991 outlays.

133

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.9—BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976–2002
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1976

TQ

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

National defense .................................................................................................................................
International affairs .............................................................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research ........................................................................................
Space and other technology .....................................................................................................

97.6
8.4

23.5
1.6

110.4
9.5

117.3
11.0

126.9
13.3

144.5
12.9

180.4
17.6

1.0
3.2

0.2
0.8

1.1
3.5

1.3
3.8

1.3
4.2

1.5
4.8

1.5
5.1

Total General science, space and technology .....................................................................

4.3

1.1

4.6

5.1

5.6

6.2

6.6

Energy ............................................................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ..............................................................................................
Agriculture .......................................................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ......................................................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ................................................................................................................
Air transportation ........................................................................................................................
Water and other transportation .................................................................................................

3.6
6.9
1.2
3.6

0.9
2.1
0.3
1.1

5.6
10.6
1.3
4.5

9.0
14.6
1.5
4.2

8.4
14.7
1.6
4.3

17.4
14.6
1.6
6.2

9.0
12.9
1.8
4.3

3.0
2.3
1.3

1.3
0.5
0.3

2.1
2.5
1.3

2.9
2.7
1.6

5.2
3.0
1.7

6.2
3.2
1.8

8.7
3.4
2.1

Total Transportation ..............................................................................................................

6.5

2.1

5.9

7.1

9.9

11.2

14.2

Community and regional development ..........................................................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education ...................................................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services ................................................................................

4.1

0.4

12.2

9.7

8.9

9.7

7.7

8.8
8.6

3.3
1.2

10.5
15.6

11.0
6.6

12.6
14.1

12.7
11.7

12.4
11.3

Total Education, training, employment and social services .................................................

17.4

4.5

26.2

17.7

26.7

24.4

23.7

Health .............................................................................................................................................
Income security:
Housing assistance ....................................................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................................

6.2

1.2

6.9

7.7

8.3

8.8

8.7

18.6
0.7

0.1
0.2

28.6
1.0

32.3
1.2

24.8
1.7

27.7
3.7

26.1
4.5

Total Income security ............................................................................................................

19.4

0.3

29.6

33.5

26.5

31.4

30.5

Social security ................................................................................................................................ .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
Veterans benefits and services .....................................................................................................
4.9
1.2
5.6
6.2
6.8
Administration of justice .................................................................................................................
3.3
0.9
3.6
3.9
4.2
General government .......................................................................................................................
6.4
2.4
6.1
6.7
4.9

–*
7.0
4.4
5.4

–*
7.6
4.4
5.7

Total domestic ...................................................................................................................

87.7

18.5

122.6

126.9

130.7

148.4

137.1

Total discretionary budget authority .............................................................................................

193.7

43.5

242.5

255.3

270.9

305.8

335.1

Note: Due to the effects of the Credit Reform Act of 1990 on the measurement and classification of Federal credit activities, the discretionary budget authority for these programs for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to that for 1992 and beyond. Due to the effects of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 and subsequent comparable redefinitions on the measurement and classification as budget authority of the obligation limitations of certain special and trust funds, the discretionary budget authority for these programs for years prior to 1990 is not strictly comparable to that for 1990 and beyond.

134

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.9—BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

National defense .................................................................................................................................
International affairs .............................................................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research ........................................................................................
Space and other technology .....................................................................................................

217.2
14.2

245.0
16.0

265.6
25.2

294.9
24.1

289.6
20.3

288.0
18.8

292.5
18.1

1.5
5.7

1.6
6.5

2.0
6.9

2.2
6.9

2.1
7.2

2.3
10.2

2.5
8.3

Total General science, space and technology .....................................................................

7.2

8.1

8.8

9.1

9.3

12.5

10.8

Energy ............................................................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ..............................................................................................
Agriculture .......................................................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ......................................................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ................................................................................................................
Air transportation ........................................................................................................................
Water and other transportation .................................................................................................

8.3
13.1
1.8
3.3

6.9
14.6
2.0
3.6

6.0
14.0
2.1
3.8

6.6
15.1
2.2
4.0

4.3
13.4
2.1
2.9

3.3
16.2
2.3
2.9

4.9
16.2
2.3
2.9

8.5
3.2
2.4

5.5
3.9
2.4

4.3
4.3
2.7

4.1
5.1
2.5

3.4
4.6
2.2

3.4
4.7
2.4

3.0
5.2
2.4

Total Transportation ..............................................................................................................

14.1

11.8

11.3

11.6

10.1

10.5

10.6

Community and regional development ..........................................................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education ...................................................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services ................................................................................

6.2

7.5

6.5

6.2

5.7

5.6

5.4

11.7
6.5

12.3
7.6

13.1
10.4

15.2
7.7

14.4
7.1

16.7
7.7

17.4
8.1

Total Education, training, employment and social services .................................................

18.2

20.0

23.4

22.9

21.5

24.4

25.5

Health .............................................................................................................................................
Income security:
Housing assistance ....................................................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................................

8.2

8.8

9.3

10.3

10.3

12.1

13.0

13.9
4.4

10.0
4.9

11.4
5.1

12.6
5.0

10.7
5.1

8.6
5.0

8.6
4.7

Total Income security ............................................................................................................

18.3

15.0

16.5

17.6

15.8

13.5

13.4

Veterans benefits and services .....................................................................................................
Administration of justice .................................................................................................................
General government .......................................................................................................................

8.5
4.7
5.9

9.5
5.3
6.7

9.9
6.0
7.0

10.8
6.6
7.1

10.7
6.7
7.4

11.3
8.5
8.1

11.7
9.0
8.5

Total domestic ...................................................................................................................

117.7

119.9

124.8

130.2

120.3

131.2

134.3

Total discretionary budget authority .............................................................................................

349.1

380.9

415.5

449.1

430.2

438.0

444.9

Note: Due to the effects of the Credit Reform Act of 1990 on the measurement and classification of Federal credit activities, the discretionary budget authority for these programs for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to that for 1992 and beyond. Due to the effects of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 and subsequent comparable redefinitions on the measurement and classification as budget authority of the obligation limitations of certain special and trust funds, the discretionary budget authority for these programs for years prior to 1990 is not strictly comparable to that for 1990 and beyond.

135

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.9—BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

National defense .................................................................................................................................
International affairs .............................................................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research ........................................................................................
Space and other technology .....................................................................................................

300.1
18.5

303.9
20.0

332.2
21.3

299.1
20.9

276.1
33.3

262.2
20.9

262.9
20.2

2.8
10.0

3.2
11.4

3.5
13.0

4.1
13.2

4.2
13.1

4.6
13.0

4.1
12.5

Total General science, space and technology .....................................................................

12.8

14.5

16.5

17.3

17.2

17.6

16.7

Energy ............................................................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ..............................................................................................
Agriculture .......................................................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ......................................................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ................................................................................................................
Air transportation ........................................................................................................................
Water and other transportation .................................................................................................

4.7
17.3
2.4
3.1

5.6
18.6
2.7
3.9

5.4
19.6
3.1
2.8

5.8
21.3
4.5
3.9

5.8
21.4
4.3
3.8

6.4
22.4
4.4
3.7

6.2
20.4
4.0
3.6

3.0
5.8
2.8

4.1
6.6
2.9

3.4
7.3
2.9

3.7
8.1
3.2

2.6
8.3
3.1

3.9
8.4
3.4

3.1
6.0
3.5

Total Transportation ..............................................................................................................

11.6

13.5

13.7

15.0

14.0

15.7

12.5

Community and regional development ..........................................................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education ...................................................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services ................................................................................

6.0

7.3

5.8

11.3

9.6

15.3

12.0

18.4
8.2

19.9
9.8

22.9
10.7

24.4
11.6

25.5
12.4

26.3
13.9

26.4
13.1

Total Education, training, employment and social services .................................................

26.6

29.8

33.5

36.1

37.9

40.3

39.5

Health .............................................................................................................................................
14.3
Medicare ......................................................................................................................................... ..................
Income security:
Housing assistance ....................................................................................................................
9.0
Other ..........................................................................................................................................
5.8

16.1
2.4

18.2
2.6

19.6
2.9

20.7
2.8

22.2
3.0

22.8
3.0

10.8
8.2

19.6
10.0

19.7
10.7

21.1
10.8

21.1
12.0

15.3
12.2

14.9

18.9

29.6

30.4

31.9

33.1

27.5

Social security ................................................................................................................................ ..................
Veterans benefits and services .....................................................................................................
12.5
Administration of justice .................................................................................................................
9.9
General government .......................................................................................................................
9.1

2.2
13.2
12.4
11.5

2.4
14.4
12.7
12.2

2.5
15.7
14.3
11.3

2.6
16.7
14.6
11.6

2.8
17.7
15.2
12.1

2.3
18.2
18.3
11.9

Total Income security ............................................................................................................

Total domestic ...................................................................................................................

145.1

172.6

192.5

212.0

215.1

231.9

219.1

Total discretionary budget authority .............................................................................................

463.7

496.6

546.1

532.0

524.5

515.0

502.1

Note: Due to the effects of the Credit Reform Act of 1990 on the measurement and classification of Federal credit activities, the discretionary budget authority for these programs for years prior to 1992 is not strictly comparable to that for 1992 and beyond. Due to the effects of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 and subsequent comparable redefinitions on the measurement and classification as budget authority of the obligation limitations of certain special and trust funds, the discretionary budget authority for these programs for years prior to 1990 is not strictly comparable to that for 1990 and beyond.

136

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 8.9—BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS: 1976–2002—Continued
(in billions of dollars)

Category and Program

1996

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

National defense .................................................................................................................................
International affairs .............................................................................................................................
Domestic:
General science, space and technology:
General science and basic research ........................................................................................
Space and other technology .....................................................................................................

265.0
18.1

263.1
18.1

266.0
23.0

269.8
20.1

275.5
19.1

282.0
18.8

289.8
18.8

4.1
12.6

4.2
12.4

4.3
12.1

4.3
12.1

4.3
11.9

4.3
11.9

4.3
11.9

Total General science, space and technology .....................................................................

16.7

16.6

16.4

16.4

16.2

16.2

16.2

Energy ............................................................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ..............................................................................................
Agriculture .......................................................................................................................................
Commerce and housing credit ......................................................................................................
Transportation:
Ground transportation ................................................................................................................
Air transportation ........................................................................................................................
Water and other transportation .................................................................................................

4.9
20.7
4.2
3.7

4.3
21.1
4.1
2.4

4.7
22.4
4.1
3.3

4.9
22.4
4.0
3.8

4.6
21.8
3.9
5.2

4.5
21.7
3.9
3.2

4.4
21.8
3.9
3.2

2.5
8.0
3.2

2.2
8.3
3.3

1.6
8.7
3.2

1.4
9.9
3.2

1.4
10.1
3.2

1.4
10.4
3.2

1.4
10.6
3.2

Total Transportation ..............................................................................................................

13.6

13.8

13.5

14.6

14.7

15.0

15.2

Community and regional development ..........................................................................................
Education, training, employment and social services:
Education ...................................................................................................................................
Training, employment and social services ................................................................................

11.6

9.3

10.9

8.3

7.7

7.8

7.9

23.2
12.9

28.1
14.3

31.1
15.3

31.8
15.6

32.6
15.9

33.2
16.3

33.6
16.8

Total Education, training, employment and social services .................................................

36.1

42.4

46.4

47.4

48.5

49.5

50.3

Health .............................................................................................................................................
Medicare .........................................................................................................................................
Income security:
Housing assistance ....................................................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................................................................

23.3
2.9

25.0
2.6

25.1
2.8

25.1
2.8

25.1
2.7

25.2
2.7

25.2
2.7

16.4
11.3

15.2
10.8

20.1
12.5

23.9
12.2

26.6
12.3

28.0
12.4

29.3
12.5

Total Income security ............................................................................................................

27.8

26.0

32.6

36.1

38.9

40.4

41.8

Social security ................................................................................................................................
Veterans benefits and services .....................................................................................................
Administration of justice .................................................................................................................
General government .......................................................................................................................

3.1
18.4
20.7
11.5

3.5
18.9
22.8
11.8

3.3
18.8
24.4
12.8

3.3
18.7
25.2
12.5

3.2
18.7
24.4
12.1

3.2
18.7
24.8
11.8

3.3
18.7
25.5
11.8

Total domestic ...................................................................................................................

219.3

224.6

241.5

245.5

247.9

248.6

252.0

Total discretionary budget authority .............................................................................................

502.5

505.8

530.5

535.4

542.5

549.4

560.6

* $50 million or less.

137

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.1—TOTAL INVESTMENT OUTLAYS FOR PHYSICAL CAPITAL, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, AND EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962–1998
In Millions of Dollars
Fiscal Year
Total

Defense

Nondefense

In Billions of Constant
(FY 1992) Dollars
Total

Defense

Nondefense

As Percentages of Total
Outlays
Total

Defense

Nondefense

As Percentages of GDP
Total

Defense

Nondefense

1962 .........................................................................
1963 .........................................................................
1964 .........................................................................

34,495
38,425
40,784

24,891
26,571
25,857

9,604
11,854
14,927

126.3
138.0
147.2

86.3
89.6
87.2

40.0
48.4
60.0

32.3
34.5
34.4

23.3
23.9
21.8

9.0
10.6
12.6

6.1
6.4
6.4

4.4
4.4
4.0

1.7
2.0
2.3

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................

38,062
43,440
51,135
57,109
57,565

21,327
23,959
29,455
33,992
34,565

16,735
19,481
21,680
23,117
23,000

138.6
155.8
176.0
188.5
182.5

72.0
79.2
92.4
101.8
100.0

66.6
76.6
83.7
86.7
82.6

32.2
32.3
32.5
32.1
31.3

18.0
17.8
18.7
19.1
18.8

14.2
14.5
13.8
13.0
12.5

5.5
5.8
6.3
6.6
6.1

3.1
3.2
3.6
3.9
3.6

2.4
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.4

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................

56,466
56,724
58,467
59,158
61,076

31,625
28,823
27,955
26,794
26,830

24,841
27,901
30,512
32,364
34,246

170.9
164.6
163.7
160.4
154.3

87.0
76.5
72.9
68.8
64.7

83.9
88.1
90.8
91.6
89.6

28.9
27.0
25.3
24.1
22.7

16.2
13.7
12.1
10.9
10.0

12.7
13.3
13.2
13.2
12.7

5.6
5.3
5.0
4.5
4.2

3.1
2.7
2.4
2.1
1.9

2.5
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.4

1975 .........................................................................
1976 .........................................................................
TQ ............................................................................
1977 .........................................................................
1978 .........................................................................
1979 .........................................................................

69,407
76,469
19,405
82,789
92,598
105,707

28,421
29,126
6,929
32,499
35,328
40,874

40,986
47,343
12,476
50,290
57,270
64,832

156.9
163.0
40.0
164.2
173.6
181.7

62.3
60.7
13.9
63.0
64.8
67.6

94.7
102.3
26.1
101.2
108.8
114.1

20.9
20.6
20.2
20.2
20.2
21.0

8.6
7.8
7.2
7.9
7.7
8.1

12.3
12.7
13.0
12.3
12.5
12.9

4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.2

1.8
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6

2.6
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................

118,886
132,050
135,129
146,655
164,826

47,185
56,079
67,805
81,568
94,052

71,701
75,971
67,323
65,087
70,774

186.5
187.6
177.9
183.2
197.5

72.0
77.9
87.6
99.3
108.7

114.5
109.8
90.3
83.9
88.8

20.1
19.5
18.1
18.1
19.3

8.0
8.3
9.1
10.1
11.0

12.1
11.2
9.0
8.1
8.3

4.4
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.3

1.7
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.5

2.6
2.5
2.1
1.9
1.9

1985 .........................................................................
1986 .........................................................................
1987 .........................................................................
1988 .........................................................................
1989 1 ......................................................................

186,360
199,937
203,827
208,023
220,488

108,394
120,428
126,749
123,858
131,033

77,966
79,509
77,078
84,165
89,456

216.9
228.7
230.6
232.1
239.1

121.7
134.0
141.6
137.9
142.1

95.2
94.7
89.0
94.3
97.0

19.7
20.2
20.3
19.5
19.3

11.5
12.2
12.6
11.6
11.5

8.2
8.0
7.7
7.9
7.8

4.5
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.1

2.6
2.8
2.8
2.5
2.4

1.9
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7

1990 1
1991 1
1992 1
1993 1
1994 1

......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................

227,354
230,609
233,833
236,715
223,194

130,960
127,319
120,836
116,636
104,815

96,393
103,290
112,997
120,078
118,379

239.6
234.7
233.8
232.1
214.2

138.5
129.9
120.8
114.4
100.1

101.1
104.7
113.0
117.7
114.1

18.1
17.4
16.9
16.8
15.3

10.5
9.6
8.7
8.3
7.2

7.7
7.8
8.2
8.5
8.1

4.0
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.3

2.3
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.5

1.7
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.7

1995 1 ......................................................................
1996 1 ......................................................................
1997 estimate 1 .......................................................
1998 estimate 1 .......................................................

233,223
227,854
225,714
218,662

97,583
94,414
89,576
85,266

135,640
133,440
136,138
133,396

218.7
208.8
201.9
190.0

91.2
85.9
79.5
73.8

127.5
122.9
122.4
116.2

15.4
14.6
13.8
13.0

6.4
6.1
5.5
5.1

8.9
8.6
8.3
7.9

3.2
3.0
2.9
2.7

1.4
1.3
1.1
1.0

1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6

1 Includes off-budget Postal Service investments. See footnotes in tables 9.2, 9.5 and 9.7 for details.
Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

138

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.2—MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT OUTLAYS IN CURRENT AND CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1940–1998
In Millions of Current Dollars

In Billions of Constant (FY 1992) Dollars

Direct Federal

Fiscal Year
Total
Total

National
Defense

Direct Federal
Nondefense

Grants

Total
Total

National
Defense

Nondefense

Grants

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

3,297
6,356
21,486
55,539
60,000

2,855
6,066
21,264
55,321
59,817

850
4,300
19,900
54,700
59,600

2,005
1,766
1,364
621
217

442
290
222
218
183

27.7
44.5
137.8
337.0
371.5

23.0
41.7
135.9
335.3
370.2

6.9
29.7
127.3
331.5
368.8

16.1
12.0
8.6
3.7
1.3

4.6
2.8
1.9
1.7
1.4

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

56,674
20,680
4,693
3,919
3,847

56,520
20,538
4,094
3,479
3,385

56,300
20,100
3,483
2,704
2,345

220
438
611
775
1,040

154
142
599
440
462

367.3
135.3
32.0
20.7
17.3

366.1
134.2
28.2
18.1
14.7

364.6
131.5
24.1
14.1
10.3

1.4
2.8
4.2
4.0
4.5

1.2
1.0
3.7
2.5
2.5

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

3,873
7,400
16,224
22,958
21,442

3,389
6,834
15,649
22,202
20,698

2,052
5,486
14,197
20,594
19,303

1,337
1,348
1,452
1,608
1,395

484
566
575
756
744

18.5
31.3
62.5
89.3
84.6

15.6
28.1
59.7
85.6
80.8

9.5
22.7
54.2
79.5
75.4

6.1
5.5
5.4
6.1
5.4

2.9
3.1
2.9
3.7
3.8

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

18,004
17,387
19,613
20,770
22,899

17,184
16,472
18,465
18,982
19,943

16,094
15,556
17,324
17,639
18,329

1,090
916
1,141
1,343
1,614

820
915
1,148
1,788
2,956

72.5
65.1
69.8
73.2
79.0

68.2
60.6
64.7
65.1
65.7

64.0
57.3
60.7
60.6
60.5

4.3
3.3
3.9
4.5
5.2

4.2
4.5
5.2
8.1
13.3

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

22,405
21,860
23,352
25,548
25,381

19,084
18,807
20,113
21,948
20,899

17,157
16,791
17,785
19,399
17,970

1,927
2,016
2,328
2,549
2,929

3,321
3,053
3,239
3,600
4,482

77.2
75.6
78.3
83.6
83.3

62.1
61.7
63.8
67.7
63.8

55.9
55.2
56.5
60.0
55.0

6.2
6.5
7.3
7.7
8.8

15.0
13.8
14.5
15.9
19.5

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

22,263
25,028
29,647
34,200
34,952

17,278
20,116
24,416
28,304
28,787

14,231
16,851
21,377
25,437
26,235

3,047
3,265
3,039
2,867
2,552

4,985
4,912
5,231
5,896
6,165

74.0
81.5
91.1
100.7
99.9

52.7
61.1
70.3
78.2
77.4

43.5
51.4
61.7
70.4
70.7

9.2
9.8
8.6
7.8
6.8

21.3
20.3
20.8
22.6
22.5

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

33,186
31,534
31,084
30,183
31,180

26,130
23,662
22,667
21,318
21,335

23,588
20,701
19,094
17,624
17,385

2,542
2,961
3,573
3,694
3,950

7,056
7,872
8,417
8,865
9,845

90.4
82.3
79.0
75.2
72.3

66.6
57.9
54.6
50.9
48.2

60.2
50.8
46.1
42.2
39.1

6.4
7.1
8.5
8.7
9.1

23.8
24.4
24.5
24.2
24.1

1975 ........................................................
1976 ........................................................
TQ ...........................................................
1977 ........................................................
1978 ........................................................
1979 ........................................................

34,374
37,981
9,782
43,484
48,292
57,094

23,494
24,464
5,846
27,320
29,964
36,455

18,665
19,247
4,465
21,556
23,227
28,689

4,829
5,217
1,381
5,764
6,737
7,766

10,880
13,517
3,936
16,164
18,328
20,639

69.9
74.2
18.5
80.4
85.1
91.8

47.6
47.6
10.8
49.7
52.1
57.5

38.4
38.1
8.4
39.7
40.8
45.2

9.3
9.4
2.4
10.0
11.3
12.3

22.3
26.7
7.7
30.7
33.0
34.2

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

63,055
70,013
76,576
87,728
100,736

40,537
47,861
56,420
67,215
78,043

32,486
39,101
47,960
59,221
68,229

8,051
8,760
8,460
7,994
9,814

22,518
22,152
20,156
20,513
22,693

92.1
92.6
94.0
102.5
113.1

58.5
63.1
69.2
77.8
85.9

47.2
51.8
59.1
68.6
74.6

11.3
11.3
10.1
9.2
11.3

33.5
29.5
24.8
24.7
27.2

1985 ........................................................
1986 ........................................................
1987 ........................................................
1988 ........................................................
1989 1 ......................................................

114,603
122,197
125,909
125,118
129,694

89,702
95,929
102,060
100,230
104,399

77,956
84,663
89,526
85,698
90,490

11,746
11,266
12,534
14,532
13,909

24,901
26,268
23,849
24,888
25,296

125.6
132.5
137.1
136.0
137.9

96.1
102.2
110.5
109.0
111.2

82.8
89.6
96.7
93.4
96.7

13.3
12.6
13.8
15.6
14.4

29.5
30.3
26.6
27.0
26.8

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

139

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.2—MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT OUTLAYS IN CURRENT AND CONSTANT (FY 1992) DOLLARS: 1940–1998—Continued
In Millions of Current Dollars
Direct Federal

Fiscal Year
Total
Total
1990 1
1991 1
1992 1
1993 1
1994 1

In Billions of Constant (FY 1992) Dollars

National
Defense

Direct Federal
Nondefense

Grants

Total
Total

National
Defense

Nondefense

Grants

......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................

131,980
133,784
131,927
126,412
119,165

104,794
105,548
102,629
95,242
83,892

89,700
89,222
82,359
76,141
66,730

15,095
16,326
20,271
19,101
17,161

27,185
28,237
29,297
31,170
35,274

137.3
135.3
131.9
124.7
115.2

109.4
106.8
102.6
94.1
81.0

94.2
90.7
82.4
74.9
63.9

15.2
16.1
20.3
19.2
17.1

28.0
28.4
29.3
30.6
34.2

1995 1 ......................................................
1996 1 ......................................................
1997 estimate 1 .......................................
1998 estimate 1 .......................................

118,918
115,873
112,973
102,826

79,339
75,518
71,828
62,945

59,865
54,961
50,645
47,843

19,474
20,557
21,183
15,102

39,579
40,355
41,145
39,881

112.6
107.3
102.2
90.5

75.2
70.1
65.2
55.5

56.2
50.0
45.0
41.4

19.0
20.0
20.1
14.0

37.4
37.2
37.0
35.0

1 Includes

off-budget Postal Service investments of the following amounts:
In millions of current dollars: 1989: 900; 1990: 1,317; 1991: 1,362; 1992: 1,842; 1993: 1,193; 1994: 963; 1995: 1,386; 1996: 2,125; 1997: 3,541; 1998: 2,629.
In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars: 1989: 0.9; 1990: 1.3; 1991: 1.3; 1992: 1.8; 1993: 1.2; 1994: 1.0; 1995: 1.4; 1996: 2.1; 1997: 3.4; 1998: 2.4. Note: Prior to 1960, the
GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision levels for fiscal years prior to
1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

140

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.3—MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT OUTLAYS IN PERCENTAGE TERMS: 1940–1998
As Percentages of Total Outlays

As Percentages of GDP

Direct Federal

Fiscal Year
Total
Total

National
Defense

Direct Federal
Grants

Total

Non-defense

Total

National
Defense

Grants
Non-defense

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

34.8
46.6
61.1
70.7
65.7

30.2
44.4
60.5
70.4
65.5

9.0
31.5
56.6
69.6
65.3

21.2
12.9
3.9
0.8
0.2

4.7
2.1
0.6
0.3
0.2

3.4
5.5
14.8
30.9
29.0

2.9
5.3
14.6
30.8
28.9

0.9
3.7
13.7
30.4
28.8

2.1
1.5
0.9
0.3
0.1

0.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

61.1
37.4
13.6
13.2
9.9

61.0
37.2
11.9
11.7
8.7

60.7
36.4
10.1
9.1
6.0

0.2
0.8
1.8
2.6
2.7

0.2
0.3
1.7
1.5
1.2

26.1
9.5
2.1
1.5
1.4

26.0
9.4
1.8
1.4
1.3

25.9
9.2
1.5
1.1
0.9

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4

0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.2

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

9.1
16.3
24.0
30.2
30.3

8.0
15.0
23.1
29.2
29.2

4.8
12.1
21.0
27.1
27.2

3.1
3.0
2.1
2.1
2.0

1.1
1.2
0.8
1.0
1.1

1.4
2.3
4.6
6.2
5.7

1.2
2.1
4.5
6.0
5.5

0.8
1.7
4.1
5.5
5.1

0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

26.3
24.6
25.6
25.2
24.9

25.1
23.3
24.1
23.0
21.7

23.5
22.0
22.6
21.4
19.9

1.6
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.8

1.2
1.3
1.5
2.2
3.2

4.6
4.1
4.4
4.5
4.7

4.3
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.1

4.1
3.6
3.9
3.8
3.7

0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3

0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

24.3
22.4
21.9
23.0
21.4

20.7
19.2
18.8
19.7
17.6

18.6
17.2
16.6
17.4
15.2

2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.5

3.6
3.1
3.0
3.2
3.8

4.3
4.1
4.1
4.3
4.0

3.7
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.3

3.3
3.2
3.1
3.2
2.8

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

18.8
18.6
18.8
19.2
19.0

14.6
15.0
15.5
15.9
15.7

12.0
12.5
13.6
14.3
14.3

2.6
2.4
1.9
1.6
1.4

4.2
3.7
3.3
3.3
3.4

3.2
3.3
3.7
3.9
3.7

2.5
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.0

2.1
2.2
2.6
2.9
2.8

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3

0.7
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.7

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

17.0
15.0
13.5
12.3
11.6

13.4
11.3
9.8
8.7
7.9

12.1
9.8
8.3
7.2
6.5

1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5

3.6
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.7

3.3
2.9
2.6
2.3
2.2

2.6
2.2
1.9
1.6
1.5

2.3
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.2

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

1975 ........................................................
1976 ........................................................
TQ ...........................................................
1977 ........................................................
1978 ........................................................
1979 ........................................................

10.3
10.2
10.2
10.6
10.5
11.3

7.1
6.6
6.1
6.7
6.5
7.2

5.6
5.2
4.7
5.3
5.1
5.7

1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5

3.3
3.6
4.1
3.9
4.0
4.1

2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.3

1.5
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5

1.2
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.1

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

0.7
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

10.7
10.3
10.3
10.9
11.8

6.9
7.1
7.6
8.3
9.2

5.5
5.8
6.4
7.3
8.0

1.4
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.2

3.8
3.3
2.7
2.5
2.7

2.3
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.6

1.5
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.0

1.2
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.8

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6

1985 ........................................................
1986 ........................................................
1987 ........................................................
1988 ........................................................
1989 1 ......................................................

12.1
12.3
12.5
11.8
11.3

9.5
9.7
10.2
9.4
9.1

8.2
8.5
8.9
8.1
7.9

1.2
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.2

2.6
2.7
2.4
2.3
2.2

2.8
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.4

2.2
2.2
2.2
2.0
2.0

1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.7

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5

1990 1
1991 1
1992 1
1993 1
1994 1

......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................

10.5
10.1
9.5
9.0
8.2

8.4
8.0
7.4
6.8
5.7

7.2
6.7
6.0
5.4
4.6

1.2
1.2
1.5
1.4
1.2

2.2
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.4

2.3
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.7

1.8
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.2

1.6
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.0

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

1995 1 ......................................................
1996 1 ......................................................
1997 estimate 1 .......................................
1998 estimate 1 .......................................

7.8
7.4
6.9
6.1

5.2
4.8
4.4
3.7

3.9
3.5
3.1
2.8

1.3
1.3
1.3
0.9

2.6
2.6
2.5
2.4

1.7
1.5
1.4
1.3

1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.6

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2

0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5

1 Includes

off-budget Postal Service investments.

141

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.4—NATIONAL DEFENSE OUTLAYS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC DIRECT PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1940–1998
(in millions of dollars)

Department of Defense—Military
Fiscal year

Total
Total

1940 ........................................................
1941 ........................................................
1942 ........................................................
1943 ........................................................
1944 ........................................................
1945 ........................................................
1946 ........................................................
1947 ........................................................
1948 ........................................................
1949 ........................................................
1950 ........................................................
1951 ........................................................
1952 ........................................................
1953 ........................................................
1954 ........................................................
1955 ........................................................
1956 ........................................................
1957 ........................................................
1958 ........................................................
1959 ........................................................
1960 ........................................................
1961 ........................................................
1962 ........................................................
1963 ........................................................
1964 ........................................................
1965 ........................................................
1966 ........................................................
1967 ........................................................
1968 ........................................................
1969 ........................................................
1970 ........................................................
1971 ........................................................
1972 ........................................................
1973 ........................................................
1974 ........................................................
1975 ........................................................
1976 ........................................................
TQ ...........................................................
1977 ........................................................
1978 ........................................................
1979 ........................................................
1980 ........................................................
1981 ........................................................
1982 ........................................................
1983 ........................................................
1984 ........................................................
1985 ........................................................
1986 ........................................................
1987 ........................................................
1988 ........................................................
1989 ........................................................
1990 ........................................................
1991 ........................................................
1992 ........................................................
1993 ........................................................
1994 ........................................................
1995 ........................................................
1996 ........................................................
1997 estimate .........................................
1998 estimate .........................................
N/A: Not available.

850
4,300
19,900
54,700
59,600
56,300
20,100
3,483
2,704
2,345
2,052
5,486
14,197
20,594
19,303
16,094
15,556
17,324
17,639
18,329
17,157
16,791
17,785
19,399
17,970
14,231
16,851
21,377
25,437
26,235
23,588
20,701
19,094
17,624
17,385
18,665
19,247
4,465
21,556
23,227
28,689
32,486
39,101
47,960
59,221
68,229
77,956
84,663
89,526
85,698
90,490
89,700
89,222
82,359
76,141
66,730
59,865
54,961
50,645
47,843

850
4,300
19,900
54,700
59,600
56,300
20,100
3,432
2,395
1,874
1,650
4,741
12,751
19,057
17,701
14,553
14,313
15,831
16,002
16,605
15,471
15,109
16,238
17,922
16,643
13,139
15,940
20,613
24,625
25,513
22,901
20,061
18,389
16,981
16,857
17,803
18,295
4,206
20,378
22,284
27,606
31,470
37,587
46,190
57,000
65,518
74,729
81,635
86,771
83,114
87,175
85,890
85,328
78,278
74,156
65,582
59,418
53,635
49,691
46,927

Procurement

N/A
2,100
12,300
42,000
55,000
53,800
19,100
3,000
2,000
1,723
1,500
4,300
11,000
17,144
15,957
12,838
12,227
13,488
14,083
14,409
13,334
13,095
14,532
16,632
15,351
11,839
14,339
19,012
23,283
23,988
21,584
18,858
17,131
15,654
15,241
16,042
15,964
3,766
18,178
19,976
25,519
29,146
35,310
43,234
53,513
61,761
70,325
76,500
80,761
77,109
81,711
80,858
82,058
74,617
70,101
61,820
54,926
49,274
45,712
43,207

Military
Construction
N/A
2,200
7,600
12,700
4,600
2,500
1,000
432
395
151
150
441
1,751
1,913
1,744
1,715
2,079
1,968
1,753
1,948
1,626
1,605
1,347
1,144
1,026
1,007
1,536
1,535
1,281
1,389
1,168
1,095
1,108
1,119
1,407
1,462
2,019
376
1,914
1,932
1,965
2,237
2,175
2,782
3,280
3,524
4,083
4,792
5,523
5,442
4,843
4,425
2,867
3,362
3,635
3,162
3,574
3,283
2,972
2,804

Atomic Energy and Other Defense
Family
Housing

Total

Construction
and
Rehabilitation of
Physical Assets

Major
Equipment

.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
7
375
166
248
511
409
359
146
266
293
65
66
61
136
149
108
150
208
209
299
312
64
286
376
122
87
102
174
207
233
321
343
487
563
622
607
402
298
421
600
918
1,078
1,007
916

.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
51
309
471
402
745
1,446
1,537
1,602
1,541
1,243
1,493
1,637
1,724
1,686
1,682
1,547
1,477
1,327
1,092
911
764
812
722
687
640
705
643
528
862
952
259
1,178
943
1,083
1,016
1,514
1,770
2,221
2,712
3,227
3,028
2,755
2,584
3,315
3,809
3,894
4,081
1,985
1,148
447
1,326
954
916

...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
51
209
312
240
479
1,071
1,054
1,069
771
217
233
182
171
176
228
203
184
139
127
109
73
91
137
153
146
127
154
124
179
180
45
218
274
618
563
848
880
1,057
1,323
1,424
1,490
1,108
906
849
1,264
1,277
1,424
1,204
777
245
933
698
672

.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
100
159
162
266
375
483
533
770
1,026
1,260
1,455
1,553
1,510
1,454
1,344
1,293
1,188
965
802
691
721
585
534
494
578
489
404
683
772
214
960
669
465
453
666
890
1,164
1,389
1,803
1,538
1,647
1,678
2,465
2,545
2,617
2,657
781
371
202
393
256
244

142

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.5—NONDEFENSE OUTLAYS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC DIRECT PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1940–1998
(in millions of dollars)

Investments in Physical Capital
Construction and Rehabilitation of Physical Assets
Water and Power Projects
Fiscal year
Total
Total
Total

Corps of
Engineers

Bureau of
Reclamation

Bonneville
and Other
Power
Marketing
Agencies

Tennessee
Valley
Authority

Nuclear
and Other

Other

Acquisition
of Major
Equipment

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

2,005
1,766
1,364
621
217

2,005
1,766
1,364
621
217

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

220
438
611
775
1,040

220
438
611
775
995

152
248
408
577
732

68
172
266
360
448

37
48
93
151
212

5
9
16
18
25

42
20
33
48
47

..................
..................
..................
..................
..................

68
190
203
198
263

..................
..................
..................
..................
45

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

1,337
1,348
1,452
1,608
1,395

1,320
1,317
1,312
1,423
1,289

915
933
975
1,022
923

540
514
486
561
400

292
260
208
192
163

32
38
51
57
45

51
121
230
212
299

..................
..................
..................
..................
16

405
384
337
401
366

17
31
140
185
106

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

1,090
916
1,141
1,343
1,614

1,040
893
1,105
1,279
1,542

788
646
742
910
976

393
406
473
554
620

128
124
130
183
197

34
28
28
26
19

217
62
81
120
104

16
26
30
27
36

252
247
363
369
566

50
23
36
64
72

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

1,927
2,016
2,328
2,549
2,929

1,803
1,939
2,156
2,386
2,754

1,002
1,210
1,321
1,361
1,408

711
759
774
876
904

128
202
261
270
262

17
25
17
15
30

104
159
199
135
149

42
65
70
65
63

801
729
835
1,025
1,346

124
77
172
163
175

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

3,047
3,265
3,039
2,867
2,552

2,879
3,081
2,809
2,536
2,292

1,429
1,551
1,634
1,641
1,535

931
997
1,057
978
841

246
278
231
211
201

38
53
106
144
109

135
156
183
232
278

79
67
57
76
106

1,450
1,530
1,175
895
757

168
184
230
331
260

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

2,542
2,961
3,573
3,694
3,950

2,306
2,714
3,389
3,433
3,599

1,495
1,855
2,096
1,980
2,260

765
952
1,084
1,018
1,088

174
223
241
311
312

102
102
96
82
94

348
481
580
461
510

106
97
95
108
256

811
859
1,293
1,453
1,339

236
247
184
261
351

1975 ........................................................
1976 ........................................................
TQ ...........................................................
1977 ........................................................
1978 ........................................................
1979 ........................................................

4,829
5,217
1,381
5,764
6,737
7,766

4,394
4,869
1,291
5,396
6,306
7,070

3,022
3,284
881
3,796
4,213
4,814

1,325
1,331
377
1,442
1,540
1,684

320
385
155
603
500
518

133
119
24
30
50
18

913
1,045
247
1,204
1,570
1,813

331
404
78
517
553
781

1,372
1,585
410
1,600
2,093
2,256

435
348
90
368
431
696

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

8,051
8,760
8,460
7,994
9,814

7,385
7,715
7,154
7,176
7,194

4,642
4,891
4,368
4,632
3,899

1,751
1,634
1,611
1,419
1,429

559
555
567
582
608

27
59
75
100
233

1,592
1,912
1,700
1,361
492

713
731
415
1,171
1,138

2,744
2,824
2,786
2,543
3,295

666
1,045
1,306
819
2,619

1985 ........................................................
1986 ........................................................
1987 ........................................................
1988 ........................................................
1989 1 ......................................................

11,746
11,266
12,534
14,532
13,909

8,139
7,951
8,345
9,163
8,694

4,620
4,251
4,584
4,801
4,384

1,307
1,180
1,305
1,608
1,712

657
738
678
662
717

186
262
248
266
199

1,479
1,327
1,619
1,529
1,086

992
744
734
737
669

3,519
3,700
3,760
4,361
4,311

3,607
3,315
4,190
5,369
5,214

See footnotes at end of table.

143

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.5—NONDEFENSE OUTLAYS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC DIRECT PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1940–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Investments in Physical Capital
Construction and Rehabilitation of Physical Assets
Water and Power Projects
Fiscal year
Total
Total
Total

1990 1
1991 1
1992 1
1993 1
1994 1

Corps of
Engineers

Bureau of
Reclamation

Bonneville
and Other
Power
Marketing
Agencies

Tennessee
Valley
Authority

Nuclear
and Other

Other

Acquisition
of Major
Equipment

......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................

15,095
16,326
20,271
19,101
17,161

9,930
10,847
14,110
13,016
11,663

5,104
4,712
6,134
4,907
3,900

1,832
1,687
1,723
1,468
1,456

666
674
604
505
470

200
184
350
434
302

1,701
1,309
2,520
1,589
675

705
858
937
911
998

4,826
6,135
7,976
8,109
7,763

5,165
5,479
6,161
6,085
5,498

1995 1 ......................................................
1996 1 ......................................................
1997 estimate 1 .......................................
1998 estimate 1 .......................................

19,474
20,557
21,183
15,102

13,324
13,310
12,873
8,347

4,970
4,008
3,460
2,946

1,591
1,550
1,493
1,475

429
474
565
317

154
120
176
172

1,972
1,322
788
704

824
542
438
278

8,354
9,302
9,413
5,401

6,150
7,247
8,310
6,755

1 Includes

Postal Service off-budget amounts as follows:
Construction and rehabilitation of physical assets: 1989: 668; 1990: 1,070; 1991: 1,277; 1992: 1,284; 1993: 677; 1994: 629; 1995: 996; 1996: 1,138; 1997: 1,063; 1998:
1,251.
Acquisition of major equipment: 1989: 232; 1990: 247; 1991: 85; 1992: 558; 1993: 516; 1994: 334; 1995: 390; 1996: 987; 1997: 2,478; 1998: 1,378.
N/A: Not available.

144

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.6—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941–1998
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

Nondefense:
Transportation:
Highways ..................................................................
172
152
88
48
33
44
183
Airports ..................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

1949

327
6

403
30

Total transportation .............................................

172

152

88

48

33

44

183

333

433

Community and regional development:
Public works acceleration/local public works ..........

117

68

130

134

119

68

31

8

8

Total community and regional development ......

117

68

130

134

119

68

31

8

8

Natural resources and environment:
Other ........................................................................

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

3

Total natural resources and environment ..........

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

3

Other nondefense:
Health ....................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
Veterans ................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
29
384

1
96

10
7

Total other nondefense ....................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

29

384

97

17

Total, nondefense ..............................................

290

222

218

183

154

142

599

440

462

Total .................................................................................

290

222

218

183

154

142

599

440

462

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 9.6—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

Nondefense:
Transportation:
Highways ..................................................................
Airports .....................................................................

432
33

396
30

415
33

501
27

522
18

586
8

729
17

950
21

1,511
43

Total transportation .............................................

465

426

448

528

540

594

746

971

1,554

Community and regional development:
Urban renewal ......................................................... .................... .................... ....................
8
12
34
14
30
37
Public works acceleration/local public works ..........
1
*
4 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
Other ........................................................................ .................... .................... ....................
5
5
6
7
4
4
Total community and regional development ......

1

*

4

13

21

34

41

Natural resources and environment:
Pollution control facilities .........................................
Other ........................................................................

1
5

1
5

1 .................... .................... .................... ....................
6
8
16
21
25

2
24

19
29

Total natural resources and environment ..........

6

6

7

26

49

8

17

16

40

21

25

Other nondefense:
Education, training, employment, and social services ...................................................................... ....................
62
55
134
105
121
89
67
74
Health .......................................................................
9
70
61
60
52
34
24
32
50
Veterans ...................................................................
3
1 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
Other ........................................................................ .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
9
13
Total other nondefense .......................................

12

133

116

194

157

155

113

108

137

Total, nondefense ..............................................

484

566

575

743

730

810

905

1,139

1,780

National defense 1 .......................................................... .................... .................... ....................

13

14

10

10

9

8

756

744

820

915

1,148

1,788

Total .................................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.

484

566

575

145

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.6—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

Nondefense:
Transportation:
Highways ..................................................................
2,601
2,927
2,610
2,769
3,008
3,626
Urban mass transportation 2 ................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
Airports .....................................................................
57
57
65
58
52
65
Total transportation .............................................

2,658

2,984

2,674

1966

1967

3,998
11
71

3,979
16
54

3,984
42
64

2,827

3,059

3,691

4,079

4,049

4,090

Community and regional development:
Urban renewal .........................................................
77
104
144
169
Public works acceleration/local public works .......... .................... .................... .................... ....................
Other ........................................................................
3
2
1
*

199
15
2

212
257
14

281
288
13

313
85
22

370
19
105

Total community and regional development ......

80

106

145

170

217

484

582

420

495

Natural resources and environment:
Pollution control facilities .........................................
Other ........................................................................

36
36

40
47

44
46

42
52

52
88

66
78

75
84

88
105

99
121

Total natural resources and environment ..........

72

88

90

94

140

144

159

193

220

Other nondefense:
Education, training, employment, and social services ......................................................................
Health .......................................................................
Other ........................................................................

66
69
3

71
64
3

59
68
5

42
72
18

53
72
32

39
64
38

50
69
27

119
96
24

236
142
38

Total other nondefense .......................................

138

138

132

132

157

141

146

239

416

Total, nondefense ..............................................

2,948

3,316

3,042

3,223

3,572

4,460

4,966

4,901

5,221

National defense 1 ..........................................................

8

5

11

16

28

22

19

11

10

Total .................................................................................

2,956

3,321

3,053

3,239

3,600

4,482

4,985

4,912

5,231

See footnotes at end of table.

146

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.6—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

Nondefense:
Transportation:
Highways ........................................................................................
Urban mass transportation 2 .........................................................
Airports ...........................................................................................

4,138
66
75

4,121
141
104

4,311
119
83

4,570
187
62

4,601
259
106

4,644
358
232

4,378
503
243

4,589
687
292

Total transportation ....................................................................

4,279

4,366

4,514

4,818

4,966

5,235

5,123

5,568

Community and regional development:
Block grants .................................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
38
Urban renewal ................................................................................
475
534
1,054
1,026
1,218
1,010
1,205
1,374
Public works acceleration/local public works ................................
5
2
1
*
* .................... .................... ....................
Other ...............................................................................................
294
428
570
900
1,104
1,279
1,180
1,082
Total community and regional development .............................

774

964

1,624

1,927

2,322

2,289

2,386

2,494

Natural resources and environment:
Pollution control facilities ...............................................................
Other ...............................................................................................

133
176

161
145

176
189

478
169

413
214

684
230

1,553
299

1,938
338

Total natural resources and environment .................................

308

306

365

648

627

915

1,852

2,276

Other nondefense:
Education, training, employment, and social services ..................
Health .............................................................................................
Other ...............................................................................................

297
200
27

293
171
49

257
230
50

222
221
22

146
294
38

124
211
60

74
256
114

86
306
111

Total other nondefense .............................................................

524

513

537

465

478

395

444

502

Total, nondefense ....................................................................

5,885

6,149

7,040

7,858

8,393

8,834

9,806

10,840

National defense 1 ................................................................................

11

16

16

14

24

31

39

41

Total ........................................................................................................

5,896

6,165

7,056

7,872

8,417

8,865

9,845

10,880

See footnotes at end of table.

147

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.6—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1976

TQ

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

Nondefense:
Transportation:
Highways ........................................................................................
Urban mass transportation 2 .........................................................
Airports ...........................................................................................

6,144
946
269

1,605
265
26

5,884
1,307
335

5,940
1,358
562

7,119
2,278
556

8,952
2,072
590

8,832
2,599
469

7,730
2,593
339

Total transportation ....................................................................

7,360

1,896

7,526

7,860

9,953

11,614

11,900

10,662

Community and regional development:
Block grants ....................................................................................
983
439
Urban renewal ................................................................................
1,166
295
Public works acceleration/local public works ................................ .................... ....................
Other ...............................................................................................
667
159

2,089
899
577
604

2,464
392
3,057
628

3,161
298
1,741
895

4,126
206
416
1,039

4,042
167
83
1,268

3,792
101
40
1,239

Total community and regional development .............................

2,816

894

4,169

6,542

6,095

5,787

5,560

5,170

Natural resources and environment:
Pollution control facilities ...............................................................
Other ...............................................................................................

2,429
360

920
97

3,530
376

3,187
410

3,756
513

4,343
562

3,881
600

3,756
314

Total natural resources and environment .................................

2,788

1,016

3,906

3,597

4,269

4,906

4,482

4,070

Other nondefense:
Education, training, employment, and social services ..................
Health .............................................................................................
Other ...............................................................................................

44
361
89

29
64
28

66
330
98

12
212
80

27
132
107

25
10
120

5
32
140

37
11
174

Total other nondefense .............................................................

494

121

494

305

265

155

177

222

Total, nondefense ....................................................................

13,458

3,927

16,095

18,304

20,582

22,462

22,119

20,125

National defense 1 ................................................................................

60

9

69

24

57

56

33

31

Total ........................................................................................................

13,517

3,936

16,164

18,328

20,639

22,518

22,152

20,156

See footnotes at end of table.

148

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.6—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

Nondefense:
Transportation:
Highways ........................................................................................
Urban mass transportation 2 .........................................................
Airports ...........................................................................................

8,759
2,785
453

10,372
3,146
694

12,685
2,473
789

13,939
2,754
853

12,478
2,577
917

13,714
2,425
825

13,240
2,686
1,135

13,961
3,165
1,220

Total transportation ....................................................................

11,997

14,212

15,947

17,547

15,971

16,965

17,061

18,346

Community and regional development:
Block grants ....................................................................................
4,005
Urban renewal ................................................................................
38
Public works acceleration/local public works ................................ ....................
Other ...............................................................................................
679

4,273
4,314
3,787
3,322
3,266
2,948
2,818
24
28
13 .................... .................... .................... ....................
1 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
598
655
731
676
780
946
921

Total community and regional development .............................

4,722

4,896

4,997

4,531

3,998

4,046

3,894

3,739

Natural resources and environment:
Pollution control facilities ...............................................................
Other ...............................................................................................

2,983
572

2,619
666

2,936
666

3,158
654

2,961
606

2,600
657

2,498
600

2,533
734

Total natural resources and environment .................................

3,555

3,285

3,602

3,812

3,567

3,257

3,098

3,267

Other nondefense:
Education, training, employment, and social services ..................
36
42
59
51
42
55
77
58
Health .............................................................................................
55 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
Subsidized housing ........................................................................ .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
261
750
1,372
Other ...............................................................................................
103
212
234
229
161
195
249
249
Total other nondefense .............................................................

194

254

293

280

203

511

1,077

1,679

Total, nondefense ....................................................................

20,468

22,647

24,838

26,170

23,740

24,779

25,130

27,031

National defense 1 ................................................................................

45

46

62

98

109

109

166

154

Total ........................................................................................................

20,513

22,693

24,901

26,268

23,849

24,888

25,296

27,185

See footnotes at end of table.

149

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.6—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS FOR MAJOR PUBLIC PHYSICAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1941–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1991

Nondefense:
Transportation:
Highways ........................................................................................
14,197
Urban mass transportation 2 .........................................................
3,230
Airports ...........................................................................................
1,541
Other ............................................................................................... ....................

1992

1993

1994

1995

1997
estimate

1996

1998
estimate

15,038
2,778
1,672
*

16,177
3,078
1,931
*

18,419
2,563
1,620
1

19,200
3,581
1,826
1

19,644
3,723
1,655
1

19,588
3,937
1,519
1

19,525
3,622
1,395
1

Total transportation ....................................................................

18,967

19,488

21,187

22,603

24,608

25,023

25,045

24,543

Community and regional development:
Block grants ....................................................................................
Other ...............................................................................................

2,976
760

3,090
738

3,198
526

3,651
811

4,333
989

4,545
1,183

4,837
1,259

4,641
1,189

Total community and regional development .............................

3,736

3,828

3,724

4,462

5,322

5,728

6,096

5,830

Natural resources and environment:
Pollution control facilities ...............................................................
Other ...............................................................................................

2,714
761

2,631
773

2,358
816

2,219
877

2,671
999

2,368
929

2,127
1,120

2,119
1,020

Total natural resources and environment .................................

3,475

3,404

3,174

3,096

3,670

3,297

3,247

3,139

Other nondefense:
Education, training, employment, and social services ..................
Subsidized housing ........................................................................
Other ...............................................................................................

25
1,691
233

48
2,101
203

–44
2,654
415

76
3,980
1,042

40
4,422
1,510

143
4,540
1,608

138
4,296
2,314

97
3,579
2,689

Total other nondefense .............................................................

1,949

2,352

3,025

5,097

5,972

6,291

6,748

6,365

Total, nondefense ....................................................................

28,127

29,073

31,110

35,258

39,572

40,339

41,136

39,877

National defense 1 ................................................................................

110

225

60

15

7

16

9

4

Total ........................................................................................................

28,237

29,297

31,170

35,274

39,579

40,355

41,145

39,881

* $500 thousand or less.
1 National Guard shelters and civil defense.
2 Includes relatively small amounts for railroads.
Note: Grants for 1940 totaled $442 million, composed of $165 million for highways and $277 million for public works.

150

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.7—SUMMARY OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949–1998
In Millions of Dollars
Fiscal Year

1949 .............................................................

National
Defense

Nondefense

In Billions of Constant
(FY 1992) Dollars

Total

National
Defense

Nondefense

As Percentages of Total
Outlays

Total

National
Defense

Nondefense

As Percentages of GDP

Total

National
Defense

Nondefense

Total

762

178

940

4.2

1.0

5.2

2.0

0.5

2.4

0.3

0.1

0.3

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................

772
846
1,204
1,553
1,551

282
279
291
295
297

1,054
1,125
1,495
1,848
1,848

4.3
4.5
6.3
7.9
7.8

1.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5

5.9
6.0
7.8
9.4
9.3

1.8
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.2

0.7
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4

2.5
2.5
2.2
2.4
2.6

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................

1,550
1,898
2,134
2,459
5,364

345
428
577
729
1,020

1,895
2,326
2,711
3,188
6,384

7.7
9.1
9.9
11.1
23.7

1.7
2.1
2.7
3.3
4.5

9.4
11.1
12.6
14.4
28.2

2.3
2.7
2.8
3.0
5.8

0.5
0.6
0.8
0.9
1.1

2.8
3.3
3.5
3.9
6.9

0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
1.1

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2

0.5
0.5
0.6
0.7
1.3

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................

5,937
6,922
7,090
7,144
7,865

1,385
1,864
2,747
4,221
5,931

7,322
8,786
9,837
11,365
13,796

25.6
29.3
29.7
29.5
32.1

6.0
7.9
11.5
17.5
24.2

31.5
37.2
41.2
47.0
56.3

6.4
7.1
6.6
6.4
6.6

1.5
1.9
2.6
3.8
5.0

7.9
9.0
9.2
10.2
11.6

1.1
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2

0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.9

1.4
1.7
1.7
1.9
2.2

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................

7,077
7,097
8,068
8,544
8,314

6,763
7,821
7,894
7,628
7,346

13,840
14,918
15,962
16,172
15,660

28.4
27.8
30.7
31.3
29.2

27.1
30.7
30.0
28.0
25.8

55.6
58.5
60.7
59.3
55.0

6.0
5.3
5.1
4.8
4.5

5.7
5.8
5.0
4.3
4.0

11.7
11.1
10.1
9.1
8.5

1.0
0.9
1.0
1.0
0.9

1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.8

2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.7

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................

8,021
8,108
8,837
9,139
9,406

7,132
7,301
7,466
7,896
8,028

15,153
15,409
16,303
17,035
17,434

26.7
25.7
26.7
26.5
25.4

23.8
23.1
22.6
22.9
21.7

50.5
48.8
49.3
49.3
47.1

4.1
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.5

3.6
3.5
3.2
3.2
3.0

7.7
7.3
7.1
6.9
6.5

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7

0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6

1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.2

1975 .............................................................
1976 .............................................................
TQ ................................................................
1977 .............................................................
1978 .............................................................
1979 .............................................................

9,715
9,819
2,455
10,874
12,077
12,129

8,821
10,169
2,745
10,569
12,455
14,196

18,536
19,988
5,200
21,443
24,532
26,325

23.8
22.4
5.4
23.2
24.0
22.2

21.6
23.2
6.1
22.5
24.8
26.0

45.5
45.7
11.5
45.7
48.8
48.3

2.9
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.4

2.7
2.7
2.9
2.6
2.7
2.8

5.6
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.2

0.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.6

1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................

14,643
16,937
19,809
22,298
25,765

15,592
17,231
14,850
13,602
15,221

30,235
34,168
34,660
35,900
40,986

24.7
26.0
28.4
30.6
34.0

26.3
26.5
21.3
18.7
20.1

51.0
52.5
49.7
49.3
54.1

2.5
2.5
2.7
2.8
3.0

2.6
2.5
2.0
1.7
1.8

5.1
5.0
4.6
4.4
4.8

0.5
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7

0.6
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4

1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.1

1985 .............................................................
1986 .............................................................
1987 .............................................................
1988 .............................................................
1989 1 ...........................................................

30,360
35,656
37,097
38,032
40,366

16,856
16,485
16,159
18,068
20,394

47,216
52,141
53,256
56,100
60,760

38.8
44.3
44.7
44.3
45.1

21.5
20.5
19.5
21.1
22.8

60.3
64.7
64.2
65.4
67.9

3.2
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.5

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.8

5.0
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3

0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1

1990 1
1991 1
1992 1
1993 1
1994 1

...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................

41,078
37,887
38,170
40,396
38,055

22,732
24,296
26,558
27,982
28,397

63,810
62,183
64,728
68,378
66,453

44.1
39.0
38.2
39.4
36.2

24.4
25.0
26.6
27.3
27.0

68.5
64.0
64.7
66.6
63.3

3.3
2.9
2.8
2.9
2.6

1.8
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.9

5.1
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.5

0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0

1995 1 ...........................................................
1996 1 ...........................................................
1997 estimate 1 ............................................
1998 estimate 1 ............................................

37,699
39,428
38,916
37,416

30,733
28,994
31,369
32,790

68,432
68,422
70,285
70,206

35.0
35.9
34.5
32.4

28.6
26.4
27.8
28.4

63.6
62.3
62.4
60.7

2.5
2.5
2.4
2.2

2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9

4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9

1 Includes off-budget Postal Service investments of the following amounts (in millions of current dollars): 1989: 64; 1990: 82; 1991: 116; 1992: 152; 1993: 57; 1994: 51; 1995: 52;
1996: 55; 1997: 57; 1998: 60. Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual
post-benchmark revision levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

151

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.8—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949–1998
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

National defense:
Department of Defense .................................................................
Atomic energy defense .................................................................

688
74

700
72

775
71

1,100
104

1,412
141

1,385
166

1,397
153

1,683
215

1,882
252

Total national defense ............................................................

762

772

846

1,204

1,553

1,551

1,550

1,898

2,134

Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA .........................................................................................
NSF ...........................................................................................
Atomic energy general science ................................................

42
................
40

43
................
49

44
................
50

51
................
60

50
................
63

48
4
64

43
8
73

50
15
78

55
28
91

Subtotal .................................................................................

82

92

94

111

113

116

124

143

174

Energy ............................................................................................
Transportation:
DOT ...........................................................................................

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

27

42

77

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

13

Subtotal .................................................................................

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

13

Health:
NIH ............................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

Subtotal .................................................................................

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

45

51

69

81

134

Agriculture ......................................................................................
Natural resources and environment .............................................
All other 1 ......................................................................................

N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A

49
38
50

53
38
39

62
32
31

82
38
42

86
45
48

Total nondefense 1 .................................................................

178

282

279

291

295

297

345

428

577

Total conduct of research and development 1 ............................

940

1,054

1,125

1,495

1,848

1,848

1,895

2,326

2,711

Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants (all nondefense) .................................................

11

14

14

14

14

13

21

31

40

See footnotes at end of table.

152

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.8—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

National defense:
Department of Defense .................................................................
Atomic energy defense .................................................................

2,178
281

4,950
414

5,517
420

6,466
456

6,689
401

6,792
352

7,419
446

6,623
454

6,675
422

Total national defense ............................................................

2,459

5,364

5,937

6,922

7,090

7,144

7,865

7,077

7,097

Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA .........................................................................................
NSF ...........................................................................................
Atomic energy general science ................................................

72
31
126

115
47
157

330
57
183

646
70
214

1,112
84
231

2,291
100
264

3,693
147
288

4,497
147
309

5,275
176
339

Subtotal .................................................................................

229

319

570

930

1,427

2,655

4,128

4,953

5,790

Energy ............................................................................................
Transportation:
DOT ...........................................................................................
NASA .........................................................................................

109

129

159

173

397

462

502

478

452

26
................

53
................

77
................

89
................

83
31

111
36

107
40

159
58

117
75

Subtotal .................................................................................

26

53

77

89

114

147

147

217

192

Health:
NIH ............................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

247
30

295
35

398
36

511
40

637
66

523
67

536
202

Subtotal .................................................................................

157

216

277

330

434

551

703

590

738

Agriculture ......................................................................................
Natural resources and environment .............................................
All other 1 ......................................................................................

97
54
57

104
88
111

107
68
127

117
106
119

129
100
146

142
118
146

154
120
177

179
140
206

205
160
284

Total nondefense 1 .................................................................

729

1,020

1,385

1,864

2,747

4,221

5,931

6,763

7,821

Total conduct of research and development 1 ............................

3,188

6,384

7,322

8,786

9,837

11,365

13,796

13,840

14,918

Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants (all nondefense) .................................................

46

55

57

58

66

75

85

100

110

See footnotes at end of table.

153

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.8—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

National defense:
Department of Defense .................................................................
Atomic energy defense .................................................................

7,649
419

8,071
473

7,762
552

7,519
502

7,639
469

8,238
599

8,529
610

8,960
446

9,284
431

Total national defense ............................................................

8,068

8,544

8,314

8,021

8,108

8,837

9,139

9,406

9,715

Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA .........................................................................................
NSF ...........................................................................................
Atomic energy general science ................................................

5,042
209
359

4,462
248
281

4,025
280
385

3,518
292
393

3,143
334
380

3,059
407
370

3,045
432
372

2,900
539
292

2,876
571
310

Subtotal .................................................................................

5,610

4,991

4,690

4,203

3,857

3,836

3,849

3,731

3,757

Energy ............................................................................................
Transportation:
DOT ...........................................................................................
NASA .........................................................................................

478

515

469

451

454

329

379

525

933

69
89

107
128

96
162

224
183

444
205

291
221

299
235

322
283

307
309

Subtotal .................................................................................

158

235

258

407

649

512

534

605

616

Health:
NIH ............................................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................

795
110

784
199

859
214

879
194

912
211

1,096
279

1,318
341

1,413
245

1,631
258

Subtotal .................................................................................

905

983

1,073

1,073

1,123

1,375

1,659

1,658

1,889

Agriculture ......................................................................................
Natural resources and environment .............................................
All other 1 ......................................................................................

215
181
347

231
207
466

232
232
392

246
301
451

268
351
599

296
507
611

293
539
643

315
511
683

352
647
627

Total nondefense 1 .................................................................

7,894

7,628

7,346

7,132

7,301

7,466

7,896

8,028

8,821

Total conduct of research and development 1 ............................

15,962

16,172

15,660

15,153

15,409

16,303

17,035

17,434

18,536

Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants (all nondefense) .................................................

125

140

152

167

182

206

224

238

249

See footnotes at end of table.

154

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.8—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1976

TQ

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

National defense:
Department of Defense ......................................................................................
Atomic energy defense ......................................................................................

9,341
478

2,312
143

10,210
664

10,726
1,351

11,045
1,083

13,469
1,174

15,739
1,199

18,363
1,447

Total national defense ................................................................................

9,819

2,455

10,874

12,077

12,129

14,643

16,937

19,809

Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA ..............................................................................................................
NSF ................................................................................................................
Atomic energy general science .....................................................................

3,227
623
257

846
194
72

3,506
668
267

3,454
701
274

3,655
775
305

4,262
838
345

4,798
900
501

2,697
1,020
401

Subtotal ......................................................................................................

4,107

1,112

4,441

4,429

4,735

5,445

6,199

4,118

Energy ................................................................................................................
Transportation:
DOT ................................................................................................................
NASA ..............................................................................................................

1,424

521

2,197

2,542

3,304

3,289

3,681

3,330

329
324

100
82

315
336

326
379

350
408

412
449

409
481

341
523

Subtotal ......................................................................................................

653

182

651

705

758

861

890

864

Health:
NIH .................................................................................................................
Other ..............................................................................................................

2,098
194

548
130

1,314
335

2,439
325

2,626
614

2,898
784

3,352
732

3,435
906

Subtotal ......................................................................................................

2,292

678

1,649

2,764

3,240

3,682

4,084

4,341

Agriculture ...........................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ..................................................................
All other 1 ...........................................................................................................

416
646
631

100
166
–14

469
585
577

499
675
841

549
895
715

563
951
801

643
912
822

696
838
664

Total nondefense 1 ......................................................................................

10,169

2,745

10,569

12,455

14,196

15,592

17,231

14,850

Total conduct of research and development 1 ................................................

19,988

5,200

21,443

24,532

26,325

30,235

34,168

34,660

Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants
(all nondefense) ................................................................................................

285

80

272

252

256

288

251

290

See footnotes at end of table.

155

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.8—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

National defense:
Department of Defense ......................................................................................
Atomic energy defense ......................................................................................

20,566
1,732

23,850
1,915

28,165
2,195

33,396
2,260

34,732
2,365

35,605
2,427

37,819
2,547

38,247
2,831

Total national defense ................................................................................

22,298

25,765

30,360

35,656

37,097

38,032

40,366

41,078

Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA ..............................................................................................................
NSF ................................................................................................................
Atomic energy general science .....................................................................

1,999
998
464

3,023
1,127
505

2,410
1,182
510

2,863
1,399
510

2,693
1,426
576

3,252
1,513
618

4,220
1,570
680

5,624
1,520
784

Subtotal ......................................................................................................

3,461

4,656

4,102

4,772

4,695

5,383

6,470

7,927

Energy ................................................................................................................
Transportation:
DOT ................................................................................................................
NASA ..............................................................................................................

2,728

2,762

4,249

2,622

2,321

2,287

2,454

2,342

270
539

342
515

467
559

489
568

347
557

323
580

322
755

272
701

Subtotal ......................................................................................................

809

857

1,027

1,057

905

903

1,077

973

Health:
NIH .................................................................................................................
Other ..............................................................................................................

3,532
929

3,942
617

4,412
719

4,837
738

4,942
869

6,022
849

6,634
912

7,092
1,162

Subtotal ......................................................................................................

4,461

4,560

5,131

5,574

5,811

6,872

7,546

8,253

Agriculture ...........................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ..................................................................
All other 1 ...........................................................................................................

717
856
570

754
846
787

775
884
689

798
924
738

796
886
745

838
1,052
732

908
1,056
883

937
1,220
1,081

Total nondefense 1 ......................................................................................

13,602

15,221

16,856

16,485

16,159

18,068

20,394

22,732

Total conduct of research and development 1 ................................................

35,900

40,986

47,216

52,141

53,256

56,100

60,760

63,810

Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants
(all nondefense) ................................................................................................

197

223

215

319

464

478

412

345

See footnotes at end of table.

156

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.8—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

36,936
2,492

36,485
2,431

35,067
2,349

37,699

39,428

38,916

37,416

6,663
1,873
669

8,243
1,894
700

6,963
2,077
705

7,524
2,195
705

7,767
2,201
739

9,546

9,205

10,837

9,745

10,424

10,707

2,593

2,517

2,654

3,152

2,938

2,577

2,796

333
795

373
976

420
1,084

519
1,215

604
749

534
1,120

549
1,261

941
1,194

Subtotal ......................................................................................................

1,127

1,348

1,504

1,734

1,353

1,654

1,810

2,135

Health:
NIH .................................................................................................................
Other ..............................................................................................................

7,257
1,272

7,936
1,721

9,063
1,311

9,620
1,008

10,299
961

9,642
856

11,469
851

12,060
836

Subtotal ......................................................................................................

8,528

9,656

10,374

10,628

11,260

10,498

12,320

12,896

Agriculture ...........................................................................................................
Natural resources and environment ..................................................................
All other 1 ...........................................................................................................

990
1,323
1,085

1,070
1,593
1,141

1,129
1,762
1,150

1,158
1,747
1,271

1,186
1,662
1,283

1,168
1,593
1,398

1,182
1,620
1,436

1,185
1,673
1,398

Total nondefense 1 ......................................................................................

24,296

26,558

27,982

28,397

30,733

28,994

31,369

32,790

Total conduct of research and development 1 ................................................

62,183

64,728

68,378

66,453

68,432

68,422

70,285

70,206

Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as grants
(all nondefense) ................................................................................................

401

296

344

376

348

303

328

461

Category

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

National defense:
Department of Defense ......................................................................................
Atomic energy defense ......................................................................................

35,330
2,557

35,504
2,666

37,666
2,730

35,474
2,581

35,356
2,343

Total national defense ................................................................................

37,887

38,170

40,396

38,055

Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA ..............................................................................................................
NSF ................................................................................................................
Atomic energy general science .....................................................................

6,277
1,631
834

6,641
1,733
784

7,004
1,753
789

Subtotal ......................................................................................................

8,741

9,157

Energy ................................................................................................................
Transportation:
DOT ................................................................................................................
NASA ..............................................................................................................

2,501

1 Includes

off-budget Postal Service amounts as shown in the footnote to Table 9.7.
N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals.
Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983.

157

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.9—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962–1998
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

Direct Federal outlays:
Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ...........................................................
Higher education ................................................................................................................
Training and employment ..................................................................................................
Health .................................................................................................................................
Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ................................................................
All other ..............................................................................................................................

100
313
12
132
159
53

110
411
64
165
101
50

122
367
42
219
77
55

154
396
255
209
58
66

206
648
398
233
54
80

272
972
657
278
305
111

291
1,005
710
210
478
153

349
883
682
354
701
150

Total, direct ...................................................................................................................

768

901

882

1,138

1,619

2,595

2,847

3,119

Grants to State and local governments:
Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ...........................................................
Higher education ................................................................................................................
Research and general education aids ..............................................................................
Training and employment ..................................................................................................
Social services ...................................................................................................................
All other ..............................................................................................................................

382
15
8
..............
65
68

442
15
7
..............
73
72

457
15
9
80
88
77

565
17
29
23
106
82

1,421
58
45
22
234
93

2,038
188
70
34
480
121

2,224
389
103
260
605
309

2,121
351
77
317
692
276

Total, grants .................................................................................................................

538

610

726

821

1,874

2,931

3,889

3,833

Total conduct of education and training ..........................................................................

1,306

1,511

1,607

1,959

3,494

5,526

6,737

6,953

Memorandum: Conduct of education and training
As a percentage of total outlays .......................................................................................
In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars ..........................................................................

1.2
6.7

1.4
7.5

1.4
7.7

1.7
9.1

2.6
15.8

3.5
24.3

3.8
28.4

3.8
27.6

Table 9.9—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

TQ

Direct Federal outlays:
Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ...........................................................
Higher education ................................................................................................................
Training and employment ..................................................................................................
Health .................................................................................................................................
Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ................................................................
All other ..............................................................................................................................

383
1,043
196
367
1,015
249

419
1,125
341
391
1,659
239

464
1,231
621
437
1,960
348

420
1,345
554
655
2,801
401

332
1,380
378
564
3,249
506

404
2,096
360
564
4,593
459

388
2,770
377
602
5,531
568

132
736
88
192
784
130

Total, direct ...................................................................................................................

3,253

4,175

5,060

6,176

6,409

8,476

10,236

2,062

Grants to State and local governments:
Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ...........................................................
Higher education ................................................................................................................
Research and general education aids ..............................................................................
Training and employment ..................................................................................................
Social services ...................................................................................................................
All other ..............................................................................................................................

2,510
343
124
757
767
373

2,914
310
99
1,013
846
424

3,221
217
109
1,156
859
457

3,153
189
126
987
949
361

3,241
70
192
1,137
971
443

3,945
85
286
1,985
1,244
476

3,812
43
224
2,355
1,269
561

942
8
47
856
376
130

Total, grants .................................................................................................................

4,874

5,606

6,019

5,765

6,053

8,021

8,264

2,360

Total conduct of education and training ..........................................................................

8,127

9,781

11,080

11,941

12,462

16,496

18,500

4,422

Memorandum: Conduct of education and training
As a percentage of total outlays .......................................................................................
In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars ..........................................................................

4.2
30.0

4.7
33.5

4.8
35.4

4.9
35.9

4.6
34.8

5.0
41.5

5.0
43.0

4.6
9.9

158

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.9—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

Direct Federal outlays:
Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ...........................................................
Higher education ................................................................................................................
Training and employment ..................................................................................................
Health .................................................................................................................................
Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ................................................................
All other ..............................................................................................................................

438
3,117
439
519
3,713
662

407
3,648
601
648
3,396
719

416
4,898
807
443
2,789
1,005

403
6,576
930
644
2,418
1,090

395
8,638
977
681
2,367
1,011

490
7,003
861
644
2,083
802

561
7,070
740
459
1,827
868

564
7,233
706
370
1,556
1,153

Total, direct ...................................................................................................................

8,888

9,419

10,359

12,060

14,068

11,884

11,524

11,582

Grants to State and local governments:
Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ...........................................................
Higher education ................................................................................................................
Research and general education aids ..............................................................................
Training and employment ..................................................................................................
Social services ...................................................................................................................
All other ..............................................................................................................................

4,200
83
283
2,444
1,302
661

4,779
62
347
3,256
1,379
534

5,542
84
484
3,643
1,707
469

6,277
98
491
4,295
1,848
525

6,617
89
282
4,391
1,834
588

6,214
60
309
3,225
1,655
548

5,663
54
314
3,188
1,777
507

5,869
70
255
2,556
2,258
514

Total, grants .................................................................................................................

8,973

10,356

11,929

13,535

13,801

12,010

11,503

11,521

Total conduct of education and training ..........................................................................

17,862

19,775

22,288

25,596

27,869

23,893

23,028

23,103

Memorandum: Conduct of education and training
As a percentage of total outlays .......................................................................................
In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars ..........................................................................

4.4
38.2

4.3
39.8

4.4
41.6

4.3
43.5

4.1
42.5

3.2
34.1

2.8
31.3

2.7
30.3

Table 9.9—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

Direct Federal outlays:
Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ..............................................................................
Higher education ...................................................................................................................................
Training and employment .....................................................................................................................
Health ....................................................................................................................................................
Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ..................................................................................
All other .................................................................................................................................................

521
8,056
688
438
1,390
980

356
8,261
689
489
1,176
1,021

634
7,238
726
533
1,113
1,084

502
8,129
793
527
1,055
1,127

581
10,474
793
591
1,018
1,254

521
10,996
848
532
786
1,442

857
11,862
879
608
803
1,571

Total, direct .....................................................................................................................................

12,071

11,993

11,327

12,134

14,712

15,124

16,579

Grants to State and local governments:
Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ..............................................................................
Higher education ...................................................................................................................................
Research and general education aids .................................................................................................
Training and employment .....................................................................................................................
Social services ......................................................................................................................................
All other .................................................................................................................................................

7,031
82
260
2,775
1,779
543

7,408
83
296
3,019
2,292
510

7,204
81
366
2,930
2,321
431

7,813
89
360
2,958
3,029
422

8,499
89
386
3,020
2,875
453

9,281
98
396
3,300
2,891
474

10,444
79
478
3,530
3,045
487

Total, grants ....................................................................................................................................

12,470

13,607

13,333

14,671

15,322

16,440

18,063

Total conduct of education and training .............................................................................................

24,541

25,599

24,661

26,805

30,034

31,564

34,642

Memorandum: Conduct of education and training
As a percentage of total outlays ..........................................................................................................
In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars .............................................................................................

2.6
31.0

2.6
31.5

2.5
29.2

2.5
30.7

2.6
33.3

2.5
33.7

2.6
35.4

159

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 9.9—COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING: 1962–1998—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

809
12,064
1,013
760
1,373
2,845

823
9,064
1,127
864
1,558
2,900

813
11,274
1,194
804
1,580
2,837

21,158

18,864

16,336

18,502

13,314
111
289
4,149
4,936
527

13,677
117
268
4,573
5,584
496

13,930
108
288
4,162
5,702
505

15,288
77
286
3,783
6,185
501

15,574
74
377
4,208
6,391
504

21,543

23,327

24,715

24,695

26,120

27,128

37,179

41,925

37,576

45,873

43,559

42,456

45,630

2.7
37.2

3.0
40.8

2.6
35.8

3.0
42.5

2.8
39.3

2.6
37.4

2.7
38.9

Category

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

Direct Federal outlays:
Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ..............................................................................
Higher education ...................................................................................................................................
Training and employment .....................................................................................................................
Health ....................................................................................................................................................
Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation ..................................................................................
All other .................................................................................................................................................

706
11,156
912
748
995
2,287

760
14,339
1,024
775
1,091
2,393

806
7,753
1,085
759
1,358
2,488

958
14,077
1,126
766
1,374
2,857

Total, direct .....................................................................................................................................

16,803

20,382

14,249

Grants to State and local governments:
Elementary, secondary, and vocational education ..............................................................................
Higher education ...................................................................................................................................
Research and general education aids .................................................................................................
Training and employment .....................................................................................................................
Social services ......................................................................................................................................
All other .................................................................................................................................................

11,627
96
292
3,982
3,878
501

12,763
119
315
3,982
3,862
502

Total, grants ....................................................................................................................................

20,376

Total conduct of education and training .............................................................................................
Memorandum: Conduct of education and training
As a percentage of total outlays ..........................................................................................................
In billions of constant (FY 1992) dollars .............................................................................................

160

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 10.1—GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND DEFLATORS USED IN THE HISTORICAL TABLES: 1940–2002
(Fiscal Year 1992 = 1.000)

Composite Outlay Deflators
Year

GDP
(in billions
of dollars)

GDP
Deflator

Total

Total
Total
NonDefense defense

Payments for Individuals
Total

Direct

Other
Grants

Net Interest

Grants

Undistributed
Offsetting Receipts

Addendum: Direct Capital
All
Other
Total

NonDefense defense

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................

97.8
115.4
145.3
179.8
206.7

0.1021
0.1064
0.1124
0.1161
0.1174

0.0867
0.0909
0.1052
0.1174
0.1106

0.0798
0.0926
0.1147
0.1270
0.1163

0.0884
0.0895
0.0859
0.0824
0.0840

0.1041
0.1089
0.1183
0.1295
0.1383

0.1041
0.1089
0.1183
0.1295
0.1383

0.1041
0.1089
0.1183
0.1295
0.1383

0.0832
0.0795
0.0794
0.0845
0.0858

0.1021
0.1064
0.1124
0.1161
0.1174

0.0658
0.0606
0.0675
0.0698
0.0707

0.0812
0.0783
0.0759
0.0726
0.0717

0.1239
0.1454
0.1565
0.1650
0.1616

0.1224
0.1447
0.1563
0.1650
0.1616

0.1245
0.1472
0.1590
0.1678
0.1645

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................

217.4
217.8
228.5
253.5
269.5

0.1210
0.1381
0.1651
0.1739
0.1806

0.1075
0.1044
0.1249
0.1280
0.1286

0.1084
0.0987
0.1050
0.1031
0.1066

0.0997
0.1302
0.1407
0.1432
0.1438

0.1445
0.1550
0.1707
0.1800
0.1842

0.1445
0.1550
0.1707
0.1800
0.1842

0.1444
0.1550
0.1708
0.1800
0.1841

0.0866
0.0938
0.1280
0.1242
0.1333

0.1210
0.1381
0.1651
0.1739
0.1806

0.0751
0.0846
0.1075
0.0974
0.1040

0.0766
0.0889
0.1094
0.1021
0.1097

0.1544
0.1530
0.1450
0.1919
0.2298

0.1544
0.1529
0.1446
0.1912
0.2286

0.1571
0.1554
0.1471
0.1945
0.2326

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................

272.6
321.0
349.2
372.4
377.1

0.1781
0.1878
0.1911
0.1957
0.1977

0.1333
0.1298
0.1335
0.1440
0.1493

0.1063
0.1092
0.1203
0.1331
0.1354

0.1517
0.1627
0.1747
0.1767
0.1949

0.1842
0.1950
0.2008
0.2054
0.2077

0.1843
0.1951
0.2008
0.2055
0.2077

0.1839
0.1944
0.2002
0.2050
0.2075

0.1270
0.1432
0.1475
0.1550
0.1520

0.1781
0.1878
0.1911
0.1957
0.1977

0.1067
0.1031
0.1073
0.1118
0.1142

0.1139
0.1143
0.1206
0.1249
0.1332

0.2167
0.2428
0.2623
0.2593
0.2563

0.2153
0.2420
0.2619
0.2590
0.2560

0.2190
0.2462
0.2665
0.2635
0.2605

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................

395.5
426.6
449.9
458.8
489.7

0.2014
0.2087
0.2158
0.2207
0.2267

0.1518
0.1602
0.1702
0.1799
0.1917

0.1370
0.1460
0.1561
0.1636
0.1799

0.1849
0.1876
0.1959
0.2070
0.2071

0.2087
0.2124
0.2181
0.2235
0.2271

0.2087
0.2124
0.2181
0.2235
0.2271

0.2086
0.2123
0.2180
0.2234
0.2270

0.1561
0.1604
0.1735
0.1870
0.1976

0.2014
0.2087
0.2158
0.2207
0.2267

0.1178
0.1258
0.1329
0.1406
0.1516

0.1285
0.1349
0.1436
0.1541
0.1637

0.2519
0.2717
0.2856
0.2917
0.3036

0.2516
0.2714
0.2853
0.2913
0.3032

0.2560
0.2761
0.2903
0.2964
0.3085

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................

518.3
530.4
567.3
599.0
639.8

0.2321
0.2364
0.2388
0.2418
0.2450

0.2012
0.2062
0.2087
0.2164
0.2199

0.1871
0.1918
0.1959
0.2039
0.2061

0.2193
0.2234
0.2226
0.2294
0.2332

0.2320
0.2354
0.2374
0.2404
0.2437

0.2320
0.2354
0.2374
0.2404
0.2437

0.2318
0.2353
0.2373
0.2402
0.2435

0.2002
0.1988
0.2017
0.2079
0.2118

0.2321
0.2364
0.2388
0.2418
0.2450

0.1608
0.1678
0.1712
0.1757
0.1827

0.1785
0.1864
0.1893
0.1987
0.2084

0.3072
0.3047
0.3152
0.3241
0.3276

0.3067
0.3041
0.3146
0.3235
0.3268

0.3120
0.3094
0.3201
0.3291
0.3325

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................

686.8
752.7
811.9
868.0
948.1

0.2491
0.2549
0.2630
0.2728
0.2847

0.2227
0.2295
0.2368
0.2469
0.2606

0.2061
0.2146
0.2232
0.2346
0.2474

0.2371
0.2423
0.2494
0.2584
0.2725

0.2470
0.2518
0.2588
0.2672
0.2779

0.2470
0.2518
0.2588
0.2672
0.2779

0.2468
0.2516
0.2587
0.2671
0.2778

0.2171
0.2178
0.2257
0.2358
0.2505

0.2491
0.2549
0.2630
0.2728
0.2847

0.1903
0.2012
0.2081
0.2186
0.2317

0.2151
0.2244
0.2303
0.2389
0.2539

0.3280
0.3290
0.3473
0.3619
0.3717

0.3270
0.3281
0.3466
0.3613
0.3711

0.3328
0.3338
0.3527
0.3676
0.3776

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................

1,009.4
1,077.4
1,177.0
1,306.8
1,438.1

0.2999
0.3156
0.3307
0.3454
0.3699

0.2765
0.2939
0.3123
0.3280
0.3547

0.2629
0.2787
0.3019
0.3201
0.3476

0.2871
0.3038
0.3181
0.3317
0.3577

0.2905
0.3042
0.3163
0.3285
0.3544

0.2905
0.3042
0.3163
0.3285
0.3544

0.2904
0.3041
0.3162
0.3284
0.3543

0.2700
0.2914
0.3076
0.3233
0.3532

0.2999
0.3156
0.3307
0.3454
0.3699

0.2525
0.2735
0.3051
0.3296
0.3517

0.2719
0.2933
0.3202
0.3417
0.3627

0.3923
0.4087
0.4154
0.4185
0.4423

0.3916
0.4078
0.4143
0.4173
0.4442

0.3985
0.4149
0.4215
0.4246
0.4343

1975 .......................
1976 .......................
TQ ..........................
1977 .......................
1978 .......................
1979 .......................

1,554.5
1,730.4
454.8
1,971.4
2,212.6
2,495.9

0.4076
0.4374
0.4507
0.4693
0.5031
0.5454

0.3921
0.4199
0.4342
0.4540
0.4857
0.5267

0.3861
0.4134
0.4272
0.4494
0.4806
0.5245

0.3942
0.4220
0.4364
0.4554
0.4872
0.5274

0.3898
0.4155
0.4291
0.4478
0.4789
0.5194

0.3898
0.4156
0.4292
0.4478
0.4789
0.5195

0.3897
0.4155
0.4291
0.4477
0.4787
0.5194

0.3950
0.4285
0.4451
0.4620
0.4931
0.5346

0.4076
0.4374
0.4507
0.4693
0.5031
0.5454

0.3854
0.4163
0.4324
0.4629
0.4926
0.5232

0.3990
0.4310
0.4456
0.4736
0.5023
0.5367

0.4935
0.5144
0.5392
0.5497
0.5750
0.6337

0.4867
0.5047
0.5295
0.5425
0.5698
0.6343

0.5218
0.5538
0.5732
0.5784
0.5938
0.6314

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................

2,718.9
3,049.1
3,211.3
3,421.9
3,812.0

0.5933
0.6508
0.6968
0.7281
0.7578

0.5819
0.6421
0.6865
0.7195
0.7545

0.5843
0.6513
0.7028
0.7391
0.7914

0.5812
0.6394
0.6813
0.7129
0.7420

0.5749
0.6303
0.6711
0.7030
0.7312

0.5749
0.6303
0.6711
0.7030
0.7312

0.5748
0.6302
0.6710
0.7029
0.7310

0.5936
0.6579
0.7080
0.7434
0.7740

0.5933
0.6508
0.6968
0.7281
0.7578

0.5694
0.6417
0.6796
0.7145
0.7367

0.5837
0.6526
0.6933
0.7263
0.7518

0.6926
0.7580
0.8156
0.8637
0.9087

0.6881
0.7546
0.8116
0.8631
0.9143

0.7114
0.7736
0.8387
0.8678
0.8717

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................

4,102.1
4,374.3
4,605.1
4,953.5
5,351.8

0.7830
0.8055
0.8293
0.8583
0.8946

0.7829
0.8050
0.8273
0.8546
0.8902

0.8255
0.8418
0.8545
0.8696
0.8972

0.7685
0.7918
0.8171
0.8491
0.8877

0.7572
0.7817
0.8074
0.8408
0.8817

0.7572
0.7818
0.8074
0.8408
0.8816

0.7569
0.7816
0.8073
0.8410
0.8821

0.8028
0.8264
0.8597
0.8863
0.9117

0.7830
0.8055
0.8293
0.8583
0.8946

0.7669
0.7849
0.8112
0.8440
0.8836

0.7790
0.7977
0.8244
0.8564
0.8935

0.9331
0.9387
0.9236
0.9192
0.9392

0.9410
0.9447
0.9258
0.9175
0.9353

0.8836
0.8956
0.9080
0.9296
0.9654

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................

5,684.5
5,858.8
6,143.2
6,470.8
6,830.4

0.9312
0.9714
1.0000
1.0263
1.0501

0.9257
0.9695
1.0000
1.0252
1.0492

0.9222
0.9648
1.0000
1.0170
1.0398

0.9269
0.9707
1.0000
1.0274
1.0514

0.9237
0.9680
1.0000
1.0283
1.0524

0.9236
0.9680
1.0000
1.0283
1.0525

0.9244
0.9684
1.0000
1.0282
1.0520

0.9491
0.9825
1.0000
1.0225
1.0366

0.9312
0.9714
1.0000
1.0263
1.0501

0.9142
0.9735
1.0000
1.0481
1.0949

0.9227
0.9762
1.0000
1.0337
1.0704

0.9580
0.9880
1.0000
1.0125
1.0358

0.9526
0.9838
1.0000
1.0163
1.0450

0.9913
1.0115
1.0000
0.9974
1.0034

161

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 10.1—GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND DEFLATORS USED IN THE HISTORICAL TABLES: 1940–2002—Continued
(Fiscal Year 1992 = 1.000)

Composite Outlay Deflators
Year

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

GDP
(in billions
of dollars)

GDP
Deflator

Total

Total
Total
NonDefense defense

Payments for Individuals
Total

Direct

Other
Grants

Net Interest

Grants

Undistributed
Offsetting Receipts

Addendum: Direct Capital
All
Other
Total

NonDefense defense

.......................
.......................
estimate ........
estimate ........
estimate ........

7,186.9
7,484.7
7,853.8
8,218.6
8,611.8

1.0762
1.0990
1.1264
1.1557
1.1858

1.0745
1.0991
1.1283
1.1589
1.1900

1.0648
1.0978
1.1252
1.1544
1.1844

1.0766
1.0994
1.1289
1.1597
1.1909

1.0785
1.1004
1.1312
1.1607
1.1920

1.0785
1.1004
1.1312
1.1607
1.1920

1.0781
1.1006
1.1313
1.1607
1.1920

1.0646
1.0936
1.1216
1.1517
1.1823

1.0762
1.0990
1.1264
1.1557
1.1858

1.1364
1.1954
1.2253
1.2572
1.2899

1.0958
1.1294
1.1581
1.2059
1.2296

1.0546
1.0770
1.1013
1.1344
1.1593

1.0661
1.0990
1.1265
1.1558
1.1859

1.0230
1.0273
1.0530
1.0803
1.1084

2000 estimate ........
2001 estimate ........
2002 estimate ........

9,042.9
9,493.5
9,965.4

1.2166
1.2482
1.2807

1.2222
1.2544
1.2863

1.2152
1.2468
1.2793

1.2235
1.2556
1.2875

1.2242
1.2572
1.2911

1.2242
1.2573
1.2912

1.2241
1.2571
1.2909

1.2133
1.2447
1.2776

1.2166
1.2482
1.2807

1.3234
1.3578
1.3931

1.2694
1.3013
1.3276

1.1931
1.2266
1.2573

1.2167
1.2483
1.2808

1.1372
1.1668
1.1972

Note: Constant dollar research and development outlays are based on the GDP deflator.
Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

162

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.1—SUMMARY COMPARISON OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002
In Millions of Dollars

As Percentages of Total Outlays

As Percentages of GDP

In Billions of Constant
(FY 1992) Dollars

Fiscal Year
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

1,657
1,730
1,758
1,647
1,721

1,360
1,374
1,348
1,220
1,260

298
356
410
427
461

17.5
12.7
5.0
2.1
1.9

14.4
10.1
3.8
1.6
1.4

3.1
2.6
1.2
0.5
0.5

1.7
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.8

1.4
1.2
0.9
0.7
0.6

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2

15.9
15.9
14.9
12.7
12.4

13.1
12.6
11.4
9.4
9.1

2.9
3.3
3.5
3.3
3.3

1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

2,215
5,673
9,052
9,043
10,065

1,784
5,222
8,292
8,208
9,029

432
451
761
835
1,036

2.4
10.3
26.2
30.4
25.9

1.9
9.5
24.0
27.6
23.3

0.5
0.8
2.2
2.8
2.7

1.0
2.6
4.0
3.6
3.7

0.8
2.4
3.6
3.2
3.4

0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4

15.3
36.6
53.0
50.2
54.6

12.3
33.7
48.6
45.6
49.0

3.0
2.9
4.5
4.6
5.6

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

13,664
10,279
10,853
10,950
12,610

12,407
8,955
9,528
9,460
10,999

1,257
1,324
1,325
1,490
1,611

32.1
22.6
16.0
14.4
17.8

29.2
19.7
14.1
12.4
15.5

3.0
2.9
2.0
2.0
2.3

5.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
3.3

4.6
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.9

0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

74.2
52.7
54.0
53.3
60.7

67.3
45.9
47.5
46.0
53.0

6.8
6.8
6.6
7.3
7.8

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

14,297
15,208
17,027
20,931
22,757

12,674
13,534
15,226
18,810
20,393

1,623
1,674
1,802
2,121
2,364

20.9
21.5
22.2
25.4
24.7

18.5
19.2
19.9
22.8
22.1

2.4
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.6

3.6
3.6
3.8
4.6
4.6

3.2
3.2
3.4
4.1
4.2

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5

68.5
71.6
78.1
93.7
100.2

60.7
63.7
69.8
84.2
89.8

7.8
7.9
8.3
9.5
10.4

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

24,162
27,525
28,938
30,958
32,217

21,682
24,907
25,987
27,677
28,658

2,480
2,618
2,951
3,280
3,559

26.2
28.2
27.1
27.8
27.2

23.5
25.5
24.3
24.9
24.2

2.7
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

4.7
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.0

4.2
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.5

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6

104.1
116.9
121.9
128.8
132.2

93.5
105.8
109.5
115.1
117.6

10.7
11.1
12.4
13.6
14.6

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

33,103
37,076
43,211
49,849
57,225

29,385
32,771
38,392
43,779
49,983

3,718
4,305
4,819
6,070
7,243

28.0
27.6
27.4
28.0
31.2

24.9
24.4
24.4
24.6
27.2

3.1
3.2
3.1
3.4
3.9

4.8
4.9
5.3
5.7
6.0

4.3
4.4
4.7
5.0
5.3

0.5
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.8

134.0
147.2
167.0
186.6
205.9

119.0
130.1
148.3
163.8
179.9

15.1
17.1
18.6
22.7
26.1

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

64,806
80,564
93,055
104,739
120,407

56,079
70,030
79,112
90,860
105,557

8,727
10,533
13,943
13,879
14,851

33.1
38.3
40.3
42.6
44.7

28.7
33.3
34.3
37.0
39.2

4.5
5.0
6.0
5.6
5.5

6.4
7.5
7.9
8.0
8.4

5.6
6.5
6.7
7.0
7.3

0.9
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.0

223.1
264.8
294.2
318.8
339.7

193.0
230.2
250.1
276.6
297.8

30.0
34.6
44.1
42.3
41.9

1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
TQ .......................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................

153,836
180,634
45,534
196,978
211,761
233,837

137,074
160,576
40,449
174,268
186,967
206,276

16,762
20,058
5,085
22,710
24,795
27,561

46.3
48.6
47.4
48.1
46.2
46.4

41.2
43.2
42.1
42.6
40.8
40.9

5.0
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.5

9.9
10.4
10.0
10.0
9.6
9.4

8.8
9.3
8.9
8.8
8.5
8.3

1.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.1

394.7
434.7
106.1
439.9
442.2
450.2

351.7
386.4
94.2
389.2
390.4
397.1

43.0
48.3
11.8
50.7
51.8
53.1

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

278,530
324,658
357,924
396,523
401,209

245,879
286,807
319,123
353,951
355,856

32,652
37,851
38,800
42,572
45,353

47.1
47.9
48.0
49.1
47.1

41.6
42.3
42.8
43.8
41.8

5.5
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.3

10.2
10.6
11.1
11.6
10.5

9.0
9.4
9.9
10.3
9.3

1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

484.5
515.1
533.3
564.0
548.7

427.7
455.0
475.5
503.5
486.7

56.8
60.1
57.8
60.6
62.0

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

427,302
451,261
471,277
500,656
536,030

377,950
397,036
413,522
438,222
468,677

49,352
54,225
57,755
62,434
67,353

45.1
45.6
46.9
47.0
46.9

39.9
40.1
41.2
41.2
41.0

5.2
5.5
5.8
5.9
5.9

10.4
10.3
10.2
10.1
10.0

9.2
9.1
9.0
8.8
8.8

1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3

564.3
577.3
583.7
595.5
608.0

499.1
507.8
512.2
521.2
531.6

65.2
69.4
71.5
74.3
76.4

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................

584,090
650,263
727,690
782,767
822,190

506,958
557,766
615,505
658,478
686,957

77,132
92,497
112,185
124,289
135,232

46.6
49.1
52.7
55.5
56.2

40.5
42.1
44.5
46.7
47.0

6.2
7.0
8.1
8.8
9.3

10.3
11.1
11.8
12.1
12.0

8.9
9.5
10.0
10.2
10.1

1.4
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.0

632.3
671.8
727.7
761.2
781.3

548.9
576.2
615.5
640.4
652.7

83.5
95.6
112.2
120.9
128.5

See note at end of table.

163

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.1—SUMMARY COMPARISON OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002—Continued
In Millions of Dollars

As Percentages of Total Outlays

As Percentages of GDP

In Billions of Constant
(FY 1992) Dollars

Fiscal Year
Total
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

....................................
....................................
estimate .....................
estimate .....................
estimate .....................

874,602
909,423
962,972
1,009,216
1,055,649

728,809
761,825
806,110
845,539
886,179

145,793
147,598
156,862
163,677
169,470

57.7
58.3
59.0
59.8
60.0

48.1
48.8
49.4
50.1
50.3

9.6
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.6

12.2
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.3

10.1
10.2
10.3
10.3
10.3

2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0

810.9
826.4
851.3
869.5
885.6

675.8
692.3
712.6
728.5
743.4

135.2
134.1
138.7
141.0
142.2

2000 estimate .....................
2001 estimate .....................
2002 estimate .....................

1,102,660
1,148,190
1,210,869

927,581
966,283
1,019,584

175,079
181,907
191,285

60.8
62.2
64.4

51.1
52.4
54.2

9.6
9.9
10.2

12.2
12.1
12.2

10.3
10.2
10.2

1.9
1.9
1.9

900.7
913.3
937.9

757.7
768.5
789.6

143.0
144.7
148.1

Note: Includes both on and off-budget Federal outlays. Off-budget social security payments for individuals are shown separately in Table 11.2.
Note: Prior to 1960, the GDP data and deflators for constant dollar data are approximations of the anticipated post-benchmark revision levels. Actual post-benchmark revision
levels for fiscal years prior to 1960 have not yet been released. Constant-dollar estimates are based on chain-weighted (FY 1992=100) deflators.

164

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.2—FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002
(in millions of dollars)

Category and Function

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

Direct Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
3
..................
10
..................
753
16
578
..................
..................

..................
..................
3
..................
10
..................
724
64
573
..................
..................

..................
..................
4
..................
11
..................
663
110
561
..................
..................

..................
..................
4
..................
14
..................
479
149
574
..................
..................

..................
..................
4
..................
18
..................
392
185
661
..................
..................

..................
..................
5
..................
20
..................
465
240
1,054
..................
..................

..................
..................
5
..................
22
..................
1,690
321
3,185
..................
..................

..................
..................
9
..................
22
..................
1,476
426
6,358
*
..................

Total direct payments for individuals ...................................................

1,360

1,374

1,348

1,220

1,260

1,784

5,222

8,292

Grants to States for Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
..................
..................
18
..................
279
..................
1
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
20
..................
334
..................
1
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
22
..................
386
..................
1
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
20
..................
405
..................
1
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
20
..................
440
..................
1
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
20
..................
410
..................
1
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
22
..................
428
..................
1
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
33
..................
726
..................
2
..................
..................

Total grants for payments for individuals ...........................................

298

356

410

427

461

432

451

761

Total Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
3
..................
27
..................
1,032
16
579
..................
..................

..................
..................
3
..................
30
..................
1,058
64
574
..................
..................

..................
..................
4
..................
33
..................
1,049
110
562
..................
..................

..................
..................
4
..................
34
..................
884
149
575
..................
..................

..................
..................
4
..................
38
..................
832
185
662
..................
..................

..................
..................
5
..................
40
..................
875
240
1,055
..................
..................

..................
..................
5
..................
44
..................
2,118
321
3,186
..................
..................

..................
..................
9
..................
56
..................
2,202
426
6,360
*
..................

Total payments for individuals ..............................................................

1,657

1,730

1,758

1,647

1,721

2,215

5,673

9,052

See footnotes at end of table.

165

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.2—FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category and Function

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

Direct Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
11
..................
24
..................
1,473
512
6,188
*
..................

..................
..................
12
..................
37
..................
2,002
607
6,371
*
..................

..................
..................
13
..................
45
..................
2,798
727
8,824
*
..................

..................
..................
16
..................
50
..................
1,835
1,498
5,556
*
..................

..................
..................
16
..................
54
..................
2,104
1,982
5,371
*
..................

..................
..................
18
..................
61
..................
2,254
2,627
4,500
*
..................

..................
..................
18
..................
65
..................
3,171
3,275
4,469
*
..................

..................
..................
20
..................
66
..................
3,573
4,333
4,682
*
..................

Total direct payments for individuals ...................................................

8,208

9,029

12,407

8,955

9,528

9,460

10,999

12,674

Grants to States for Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
..................
..................
29
..................
804
..................
2
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
34
..................
999
..................
3
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
40
..................
1,214
..................
3
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
45
..................
1,275
..................
4
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
47
..................
1,274
..................
4
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
48
..................
1,439
..................
4
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
42
..................
1,566
..................
4
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
41
..................
1,576
..................
5
..................
..................

Total grants for payments for individuals ...........................................

835

1,036

1,257

1,324

1,325

1,490

1,611

1,623

Total Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
11
..................
54
..................
2,277
512
6,190
*
..................

..................
..................
12
..................
71
..................
3,001
607
6,374
*
..................

..................
..................
13
..................
85
..................
4,012
727
8,827
*
..................

..................
..................
16
..................
95
..................
3,110
1,498
5,559
*
..................

..................
..................
16
..................
102
..................
3,378
1,982
5,374
*
..................

..................
..................
18
..................
109
..................
3,693
2,627
4,503
*
..................

..................
..................
18
..................
107
..................
4,737
3,275
4,473
*
..................

..................
..................
20
..................
107
..................
5,149
4,333
4,687
*
..................

Total payments for individuals ..............................................................

9,043

10,065

13,664

10,279

10,853

10,950

12,610

14,297

See footnotes at end of table.

166

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.2—FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category and Function

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

Direct Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
24
..................
75
..................
3,134
5,361
4,941
*
..................

..................
..................
25
..................
89
..................
3,565
6,515
5,032
*
..................

..................
..................
26
..................
102
..................
5,335
8,043
5,304
*
..................

..................
..................
28
..................
113
..................
5,353
9,510
5,389
*
..................

..................
..................
29
..................
119
..................
4,788
11,395
5,350
*
..................

..................
..................
30
..................
127
..................
6,890
12,203
5,657
*
..................

..................
..................
31
..................
126
..................
6,166
14,050
5,614
*
..................

..................
..................
32
..................
134
..................
6,165
15,459
5,887
*
..................

Total direct payments for individuals ...................................................

13,534

15,226

18,810

20,393

21,682

24,907

25,987

27,677

Grants to States for Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
..................
..................
50
..................
1,619
..................
6
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
55
..................
1,741
..................
6
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
61
..................
2,054
..................
6
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
64
..................
2,294
..................
6
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
56
..................
2,418
..................
6
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
87
..................
2,523
..................
8
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
188
..................
2,756
..................
7
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
249
..................
3,024
..................
7
..................
..................

Total grants for payments for individuals ...........................................

1,674

1,802

2,121

2,364

2,480

2,618

2,951

3,280

Total Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
24
..................
125
..................
4,753
5,361
4,946
*
..................

..................
..................
25
..................
144
..................
5,306
6,515
5,038
*
..................

..................
..................
26
..................
163
..................
7,389
8,043
5,310
*
..................

..................
..................
28
..................
177
..................
7,646
9,510
5,395
*
..................

..................
..................
29
..................
175
..................
7,206
11,395
5,356
*
..................

..................
..................
30
..................
214
..................
9,413
12,203
5,665
*
..................

..................
..................
31
..................
314
..................
8,922
14,050
5,622
*
..................

..................
..................
32
..................
383
..................
9,189
15,459
5,895
*
..................

Total payments for individuals ..............................................................

15,208

17,027

20,931

22,757

24,162

27,525

28,938

30,958

See footnotes at end of table.

167

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.2—FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category and Function

1964

1965

Direct Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
34
..................
152
..................
6,335
16,250
5,887
*
..................

..................
..................
37
..................
154
..................
6,128
17,081
5,984
*
..................

Total direct payments for individuals ...................................................

28,658

29,385

32,771

38,392

43,779

49,983

56,079

70,030

Grants to States for Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
..................
..................
329
..................
3,222
..................
8
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
420
..................
3,290
..................
8
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
956
..................
3,340
..................
9
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
1,430
..................
3,379
..................
9
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
2,119
..................
3,940
..................
11
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
2,694
..................
4,535
..................
14
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
3,187
..................
5,523
..................
17
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
3,842
..................
6,672
..................
18
..................
..................

Total grants for payments for individuals ...........................................

3,559

3,718

4,305

4,819

6,070

7,243

8,727

10,533

Total Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
34
..................
482
..................
9,557
16,250
5,894
*
..................

..................
..................
37
..................
575
..................
9,417
17,081
5,992
*
..................

Total payments for individuals ..............................................................

32,217

33,103

See footnotes at end of table.

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

.................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
.................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
41
45
48
53
59
65
45
226
460
570
503
904
198
248
191
262
348
427
..................
3,172
5,126
6,299
6,784
7,478
6,180
6,680
7,573
8,326
9,935
15,925
20,264
21,293
23,299
26,705
29,651
35,132
6,042
6,729
7,082
7,767
8,799
10,098
1
1
1
1
1
1
.................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................

.................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
.................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
41
45
48
53
59
65
45
226
460
570
503
904
1,154
1,678
2,310
2,956
3,534
4,270
..................
3,172
5,126
6,299
6,784
7,478
9,520
10,059
11,512
12,861
15,458
22,598
20,264
21,293
23,299
26,705
29,651
35,132
6,051
6,737
7,093
7,781
8,816
10,116
1
1
1
1
1
1
.................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
37,076

43,211

49,849

57,225

64,806

80,564

168

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.2—FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category and Function

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

TQ

1977

1978

Direct Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense ......................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
150 International affairs ...................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
71
76
86
105
122
33
140
156
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
1,067
1,199
1,054
1,582
2,359
590
2,657
3,004
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
433
497
499
631
719
183
842
892
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
8,364
9,040
10,680
14,121
16,942
4,584
20,779
24,275
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
18,633
19,398
24,792
40,584
49,375
11,537
48,070
47,342
650 Social security .............................................................................................
39,364
48,176
54,990
63,558
72,702
19,458
83,698
92,447
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
11,180
12,472
13,454
16,490
18,270
4,010
17,953
18,688
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
1
2
1
4
88
53
128
162
800 General government ................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
Total direct payments for individuals ...................................................

79,112

90,860

105,557

137,074

160,576

40,449

174,268

186,967

Grants to States for Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
..................
..................
5,301
..................
8,624
..................
18
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
5,439
..................
8,421
..................
20
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
..................
6,651
..................
8,175
..................
25
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
22
7,998
..................
8,716
..................
26
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
35
10,009
..................
9,983
..................
31
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
6
2,526
..................
2,546
..................
8
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
62
11,087
..................
11,514
..................
48
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
56
12,103
..................
12,596
..................
41
..................
..................

Total grants for payments for individuals ...........................................

13,943

13,879

14,851

16,762

20,058

5,085

22,710

24,795

Total Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense ......................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
150 International affairs ...................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
71
76
86
105
122
33
140
156
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
1,067
1,199
1,054
1,604
2,394
595
2,719
3,059
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
5,734
5,936
7,149
8,628
10,727
2,709
11,929
12,994
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
8,364
9,040
10,680
14,121
16,942
4,584
20,779
24,275
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
27,257
27,818
32,967
49,300
59,358
14,083
59,584
59,938
650 Social security .............................................................................................
39,364
48,176
54,990
63,558
72,702
19,458
83,698
92,447
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
11,198
12,492
13,479
16,516
18,301
4,018
18,001
18,729
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
1
2
1
4
88
53
128
162
800 General government ................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
Total payments for individuals ..............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.

93,055

104,739

120,407

153,836

180,634

45,534

196,978

211,761

169

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.2—FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category and Function

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

Direct Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense ......................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
150 International affairs ...................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
46
102
125
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
174
207
239
258
292
311
299
336
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
3,706
5,011
6,087
5,701
6,550
6,921
7,623
7,828
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
1,003
1,261
1,262
1,776
1,602
1,147
1,184
1,181
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
28,160
33,954
41,267
49,167
55,499
60,951
69,649
74,184
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
50,897
67,156
77,236
84,402
96,600
85,102
86,615
90,287
650 Social security .............................................................................................
102,594
117,065
137,881
153,917
168,513
176,053
186,432
196,547
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
19,484
20,897
22,502
23,637
24,652
25,047
25,735
26,229
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
259
326
332
267
244
279
311
316
800 General government ................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
*
* ..................
Total direct payments for individuals ...................................................

206,276

245,879

286,807

319,123

353,951

355,856

377,950

397,036

Grants to States for Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
..................
62
13,914
..................
13,535
..................
49
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
78
15,551
..................
16,973
..................
49
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
78
18,466
..................
19,257
..................
50
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
57
18,638
..................
20,049
..................
57
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
51
19,921
..................
22,543
..................
57
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
70
21,587
..................
23,638
..................
59
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
76
24,193
..................
24,999
..................
84
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
82
26,567
..................
27,494
..................
81
..................
..................

Total grants for payments for individuals ...........................................

27,561

32,652

37,851

38,800

42,572

45,353

49,352

54,225

Total Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense ......................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
150 International affairs ...................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
46
102
125
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
174
207
239
258
292
311
299
336
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
3,767
5,089
6,166
5,758
6,601
6,990
7,699
7,910
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
14,917
16,813
19,728
20,414
21,522
22,734
25,377
27,749
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
28,160
33,954
41,267
49,167
55,499
60,951
69,649
74,184
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
64,432
84,129
96,493
104,450
119,143
108,740
111,614
117,781
650 Social security .............................................................................................
102,594
117,065
137,881
153,917
168,513
176,053
186,432
196,547
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
19,533
20,947
22,552
23,694
24,709
25,106
25,819
26,311
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
259
326
332
267
244
279
311
316
800 General government ................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
*
* ..................
Total payments for individuals ..............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.

233,837

278,530

324,658

357,924

396,523

401,209

427,302

451,261

170

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.2—FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category and Function

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

Direct Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense ......................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
138
137
143
145
150
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
350
360
386
402
457
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
7,264
7,934
9,695
10,223
11,061
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
1,090
1,312
1,321
1,474
1,797
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
79,913
85,704
94,299
107,410
114,219
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
92,763
97,504
103,182
112,198
131,691
650 Social security .............................................................................................
205,105
216,808
230,138
246,350
266,482
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
26,570
28,141
29,188
28,427
31,010
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
329
323
325
329
399
800 General government ...................................................................................
*
*
*
*
500

1992

1993

1994

44
169
461
10,258
2,580
129,411
153,939
284,918
32,841
384
500

89
212
505
13,161
3,243
143,147
161,508
301,643
34,018
451
500

91
239
512
6,912
3,822
159,542
161,741
316,676
36,879
457
87

Total direct payments for individuals ...................................................

413,522

438,222

468,677

506,958

557,766

615,505

658,478

686,957

Grants to States for Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
..................
66
29,186
..................
28,409
..................
94
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
68
32,260
..................
30,000
..................
106
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
68
36,355
..................
30,805
..................
125
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
73
43,485
..................
33,443
..................
131
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
60
55,389
..................
36,909
..................
138
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
73
70,964
..................
40,994
..................
155
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
656
79,207
..................
44,241
..................
185
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
940
85,630
..................
48,465
..................
197
..................
..................

Total grants for payments for individuals ...........................................

57,755

62,434

67,353

77,132

92,497

112,185

124,289

135,232

Total Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense ......................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
138
137
143
145
150
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
350
360
386
402
457
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
7,331
8,002
9,763
10,297
11,121
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
30,276
33,572
37,676
44,959
57,187
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
79,913
85,704
94,299
107,410
114,219
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
121,172
127,504
133,987
145,641
168,601
650 Social security .............................................................................................
205,105
216,808
230,138
246,350
266,482
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
26,664
28,247
29,312
28,558
31,148
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
329
323
325
329
399
800 General government ...................................................................................
*
*
*
*
500

44
169
461
10,331
73,544
129,411
194,933
284,918
32,996
384
500

89
212
505
13,818
82,450
143,147
205,749
301,643
34,203
451
500

91
239
512
7,852
89,452
159,542
210,206
316,676
37,077
457
87

727,690

782,767

822,190

Total payments for individuals ..............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.

471,277

500,656

536,030

584,090

650,263

171

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.2—FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

Category and Function

1997
estimate

1998
estimate

1999
estimate

2000
estimate

2001
estimate

2002
estimate

1995

1996

Direct Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

44
301
547
13,003
3,278
177,074
164,106
332,985
36,966
495
10

30
279
569
11,049
3,328
191,265
171,809
346,820
36,322
348
6

29
233
592
8,004
3,604
211,215
178,413
363,991
39,651
345
33

29
36
41
44
44
210
201
199
199
199
635
671
705
741
776
10,921
12,274
12,561
12,669
13,073
3,651
3,703
3,723
3,737
3,744
225,383
239,691
251,335
270,119
289,973
183,134
189,453
197,442
199,529
208,555
380,713
398,409
417,755
437,989
459,718
40,425
41,302
43,369
40,796
43,031
421
439
451
460
471
17 .................. .................. .................. ..................

Total direct payments for individuals ...................................................

728,809

761,825

806,110

845,539

886,179

927,581

966,283

1,019,584

Grants to States for Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

..................
..................
..................
1,033
92,949
..................
51,561
..................
250
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
897
96,835
..................
49,602
..................
264
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
895
102,454
..................
53,237
..................
276
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
954
109,973
..................
52,458
..................
292
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
1,249
115,873
..................
52,055
..................
293
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
1,278
122,422
..................
51,086
..................
293
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
1,278
129,459
..................
50,882
..................
288
..................
..................

..................
..................
..................
1,278
137,589
..................
52,132
..................
286
..................
..................

Total grants for payments for individuals ...........................................

145,793

147,598

156,862

163,677

169,470

175,079

181,907

191,285

Total Payments for Individuals:
050 National defense .........................................................................................
150 International affairs ......................................................................................
400 Transportation ..............................................................................................
500 Education, training, employment, and social services ...............................
550 Health ..........................................................................................................
570 Medicare ......................................................................................................
600 Income security ...........................................................................................
650 Social security .............................................................................................
700 Veterans benefits and services ..................................................................
750 Administration of justice ..............................................................................
800 General government ...................................................................................

44
301
547
14,036
96,227
177,074
215,667
332,985
37,216
495
10

30
279
569
11,946
100,163
191,265
221,411
346,820
36,586
348
6

29
233
592
8,899
106,058
211,215
231,650
363,991
39,927
345
33

29
36
41
44
44
210
201
199
199
199
635
671
705
741
776
11,875
13,523
13,839
13,947
14,351
113,624
119,576
126,145
133,196
141,333
225,383
239,691
251,335
270,119
289,973
235,592
241,508
248,528
250,411
260,687
380,713
398,409
417,755
437,989
459,718
40,717
41,595
43,662
41,084
43,317
421
439
451
460
471
17 .................. .................. .................. ..................

Total payments for individuals ..............................................................

874,602

909,423

962,972

* $500 thousand or less.
Note: Includes both on and off-budget outlays. All social security payments for individuals are off-budget.

1,009,216

1,055,649

1,102,660

1,148,190

1,210,869

172

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002
(in millions of dollars)

1940

1941

1942

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

16
113

16
113

................
................

64
121

64
121

................
................

110
126

110
126

................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

129

129

................

186

186

................

237

237

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

60
68
244
17

60
68
244
17

................
................
................
................

65
74
247
16

65
74
247
16

................
................
................
................

70
78
246
16

70
78
246
16

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

389

389

................

402

402

................

410

410

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

498

498

................

451

451

................

377

377

................

Medical care:
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

69
27

68
10

1
18

73
30

72
10

1
20

81
32

79
11

1
22

Total, medical care ...................................................................

97

78

18

104

82

21

113

90

23

Housing assistance .........................................................................

................

................

................

5

................

5

10

................

10

Public assistance and related programs:
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

279
185

................
185

279
................

330
186

................
186

330
................

376
185

................
185

376
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

464

185

279

516

186

330

561

185

376

All other payments for individuals:
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

4
76

4
76

................
................

4
63

4
63

................
................

4
46

4
46

................
................

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

80

80

................

67

67

................

50

50

................

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

1,657

1,360

298

1,730

1,374

356

1,758

1,348

410

173

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1943

1944

1945

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

149
130

149
130

................
................

185
134

185
134

................
................

240
141

240
141

................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

280

280

................

319

319

................

381

381

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

75
85
251
16

75
85
251
16

................
................
................
................

80
105
365
17

80
105
365
17

................
................
................
................

85
154
497
18

85
154
497
18

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

428

428

................

567

567

................

754

754

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

176

176

................

61

61

................

71

71

................

Medical care:
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

87
34

85
14

1
20

97
38

96
18

1
20

131
40

129
20

1
20

Total, medical care ...................................................................

121

100

21

136

114

22

171

149

22

Housing assistance .........................................................................

10

................

10

10

................

10

9

................

9

Public assistance and related programs:
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

395
191

................
191

395
................

430
130

................
130

430
................

401
235

................
235

401
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

586

191

395

560

130

430

636

235

401

All other payments for individuals:
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

9
37

9
37

................
................

5
65

5
65

................
................

40
153

40
153

................
................

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

46

46

................

70

70

................

193

193

................

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

1,647

1,220

427

1,721

1,260

461

2,215

1,784

432

174

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1946

1947

1948

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

321
152

321
152

................
................

426
173

426
173

................
................

512
222

512
222

................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

472

472

................

599

599

................

734

734

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

93
287
942
17

93
287
942
17

................
................
................
................

122
296
1,400
25

122
296
1,400
25

................
................
................
................

136
243
1,434
26

136
243
1,434
26

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

1,340

1,340

................

1,844

1,844

................

1,839

1,839

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

1,145

1,145

................

869

869

................

858

858

................

Medical care:
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

253
43

252
22

1
22

516
55

515
22

2
33

559
53

557
24

2
29

Total, medical care ...................................................................

296

274

23

571

536

35

612

581

31

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................

1,342

1,342

................

3,566

3,566

................

3,174

3,174

................

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

1,342

1,342

................

3,566

3,566

................

3,174

3,174

................

Housing assistance .........................................................................

7

................

7

6

................

6

3

................

3

Food and nutrition assistance:
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................

................

................

................

76

................

76

68

................

68

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

................

................

................

76

................

76

68

................

68

Public assistance and related programs:
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

421
275

................
275

421
................

644
332

................
332

644
................

732
386

................
386

732
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

696

275

421

976

332

644

1,118

386

732

All other payments for individuals:
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

44
330

44
330

................
................

197
349

197
349

................
................

260
377

260
377

................
................

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

374

374

................

546

546

................

637

637

................

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

5,673

5,222

451

9,052

8,292

761

9,043

8,208

835

175

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1949

1950

1951

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

607
278

607
278

................
................

727
300

727
300

................
................

1,498
317

1,498
317

................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

885

885

................

1,027

1,027

................

1,815

1,815

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

162
220
1,467
27

162
220
1,467
27

................
................
................
................

195
267
1,533
38

195
267
1,533
38

................
................
................
................

324
269
1,516
44

324
269
1,516
44

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

1,877

1,877

................

2,032

2,032

................

2,153

2,153

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

1,327

1,327

................

2,013

2,013

................

898

898

................

Medical care:
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

620
70

617
36

3
34

764
84

761
44

3
40

744
94

741
49

4
45

Total, medical care ...................................................................

690

653

37

848

805

43

838

790

48

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................

3,207

3,207

................

2,739

2,739

................

1,953

1,953

................

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

3,207

3,207

................

2,739

2,739

................

1,953

1,953

................

Housing assistance .........................................................................

3

................

3

7

................

7

7

................

7

Food and nutrition assistance:
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................

75

................

75

83

................

83

83

................

83

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

75

................

75

83

................

83

83

................

83

Public assistance and related programs:
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

921
424

................
424

921
................

1,123
476

................
476

1,123
................

1,186
520

................
520

1,186
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

1,345

424

921

1,599

476

1,123

1,706

520

1,186

All other payments for individuals:
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

263
393

263
393

................
................

214
3,101

214
3,101

................
................

136
691

136
691

................
................

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

656

656

................

3,315

3,315

................

826

826

................

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

10,065

9,029

1,036

13,664

12,407

1,257

10,279

8,955

1,324

176

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1952

1953

1954

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

1,982
385

1,982
385

................
................

2,627
459

2,627
459

................
................

3,275
496

3,275
496

................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

2,367

2,367

................

3,087

3,087

................

3,771

3,771

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

329
299
1,545
52

329
299
1,545
52

................
................
................
................

358
361
1,713
61

358
361
1,713
61

................
................
................
................

386
409
1,731
63

386
409
1,731
63

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

2,225

2,225

................

2,493

2,493

................

2,589

2,589

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

1,057

1,057

................

1,034

1,034

................

1,836

1,836

................

Medical care:
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

783
100

779
53

4
47

755
108

752
60

4
48

675
106

672
64

4
42

Total, medical care ...................................................................

883

832

51

863

812

51

781

736

46

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................

1,326

1,326

................

668

668

................

546

546

................

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

1,326

1,326

................

668

668

................

546

546

................

Housing assistance .........................................................................

12

................

12

26

................

26

44

................

44

Food and nutrition assistance:
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................

84

................

84

83

................

83

84

................

84

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

84

................

84

83

................

83

84

................

84

Public assistance and related programs:
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

1,178
558

................
558

1,178
................

1,330
660

................
660

1,330
................

1,438
716

................
716

1,438
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

1,735

558

1,178

1,990

660

1,330

2,153

716

1,438

All other payments for individuals:
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

75
1,088

75
1,088

................
................

47
660

47
660

................
................

36
769

36
769

................
................

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

1,163

1,163

................

707

707

................

805

805

................

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

10,853

9,528

1,325

10,950

9,460

1,490

12,610

10,999

1,611

177

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1955

1956

1957

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

4,333
579

4,333
579

................
................

5,361
604

5,361
604

................
................

6,515
675

6,515
675

................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

4,912

4,912

................

5,965

5,965

................

7,190

7,190

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

419
428
1,828
71

419
428
1,828
71

................
................
................
................

477
504
1,864
77

477
504
1,864
77

................
................
................
................

511
588
1,876
84

511
588
1,876
84

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

2,746

2,746

................

2,922

2,922

................

3,059

3,059

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

2,099

2,099

................

1,498

1,498

................

1,729

1,729

................

Medical care:
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

706
106

700
65

5
41

768
123

762
73

6
50

780
142

774
87

6
55

Total, medical care ...................................................................

811

765

46

891

836

55

922

861

61

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................

678

678

................

781

781

................

787

787

................

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

678

678

................

781

781

................

787

787

................

Housing assistance .........................................................................

67

................

67

82

................

82

91

4

87

Food and nutrition assistance:
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................

83

................

83

82

................

82

98

................

98

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

83

................

83

82

................

82

98

................

98

Public assistance and related programs:
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

1,427
800

................
800

1,427
................

1,455
883

................
883

1,455
................

1,556
950

................
950

1,556
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

2,227

800

1,427

2,338

883

1,455

2,507

950

1,556

All other payments for individuals:
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

52
622

52
622

................
................

52
599

52
599

................
................

44
601

44
601

................
................

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

674

674

................

651

651

................

645

645

................

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

14,297

12,674

1,623

15,208

13,534

1,674

17,027

15,226

1,802

178

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1958

1959

1960

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Social security: disability insurance ..............................................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

7,875
168
721

7,875
168
721

................
................
................

9,171
339
644

9,171
339
644

................
................
................

10,867
528
343

10,867
528
343

................
................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

8,764

8,764

................

10,153

10,153

................

11,738

11,738

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

562
696
2,024
90

562
696
2,024
90

................
................
................
................

641
783
2,071
103

641
783
2,071
103

................
................
................
................

694
893
2,049
95

694
893
2,049
95

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

3,372

3,372

................

3,597

3,597

................

3,730

3,730

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

3,288

3,288

................

3,206

3,206

................

2,782

2,782

................

Medical care:
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

832
162

826
101

6
61

894
176

887
112

6
64

931
173

925
117

6
56

Total, medical care ...................................................................

993

926

67

1,069

999

70

1,104

1,043

62

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................

711

711

................

585

585

................

392

392

................

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

711

711

................

585

585

................

392

392

................

Housing assistance .........................................................................

99

4

95

117

6

111

140

13

127

Food and nutrition assistance:
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................

165

................

165

216

................

216

232

*

232

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

165

................

165

216

................

216

232

*

232

Public assistance and related programs:
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

1,795
1,036

................
1,036

1,795
................

1,966
1,153

................
1,153

1,966
................

2,059
1,263

*
1,263

2,059
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

2,831

1,036

1,795

3,119

1,153

1,966

3,322

1,263

2,059

All other payments for individuals:
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

44
664

44
664

................
................

52
642

52
642

................
................

56
665

56
665

................
................

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

708

708

................

693

693

................

720

720

................

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

20,931

18,810

2,121

22,757

20,393

2,364

24,162

21,682

2,480

* $500 thousand or less.

179

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1961

1962

1963

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Social security: disability insurance ..............................................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

11,494
709
645

11,494
709
645

................
................
................

13,027
1,022
652

13,027
1,022
652

................
................
................

14,268
1,190
622

14,268
1,190
622

................
................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

12,848

12,848

................

14,702

14,702

................

16,080

16,080

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

786
951
2,034
99

786
951
2,034
99

................
................
................
................

894
1,060
2,017
103

894
1,060
2,017
103

................
................
................
................

1,015
1,178
2,116
110

1,015
1,178
2,116
110

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

3,871

3,871

................

4,075

4,075

................

4,418

4,418

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

4,426

4,426

................

3,475

3,475

................

3,212

3,212

................

Medical care:
Medicaid .........................................................................................
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

23
996
189

................
988
125

23
8
64

103
1,043
209

................
1,035
124

103
7
85

157
1,102
221

................
1,094
129

157
7
92

Total, medical care ...................................................................

1,208

1,114

95

1,354

1,159

195

1,479

1,223

256

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................

246

246

................

159

159

................

102

102

................

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

246

246

................

159

159

................

102

102

................

Housing assistance .........................................................................

155

15

140

167

13

154

182

11

170

Food and nutrition assistance:
Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) ..............................
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................

................
239

................
*

................
239

14
261

................
3

14
258

20
263

1
1

19
262

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

239

*

239

275

3

272

284

2

281

Public assistance and related programs:
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

2,144
1,532

*
1,532

2,144
................

2,329
1,635

................
1,635

2,329
................

2,572
1,698

................
1,698

2,572
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

3,676

1,532

2,144

3,964

1,635

2,329

4,271

1,698

2,572

All other payments for individuals:
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

55
801

55
801

................
................

46
723

46
723

................
................

51
879

51
879

................
................

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

857

857

................

768

768

................

930

930

................

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

27,525

24,907

2,618

28,938

25,987

2,951

30,958

27,677

3,280

* $500 thousand or less.

180

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1964

1965

1966

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Social security: disability insurance ..............................................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

14,981
1,269
671

14,981
1,269
671

................
................
................

15,665
1,416
657

15,665
1,416
657

................
................
................

18,516
1,748
725

18,516
1,748
725

................
................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

16,920

16,920

................

17,738

17,738

................

20,989

20,989

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

1,209
1,320
2,158
108

1,209
1,320
2,158
108

................
................
................
................

1,384
1,440
2,176
106

1,384
1,440
2,176
106

................
................
................
................

1,591
1,687
2,221
107

1,591
1,687
2,221
107

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

4,795

4,795

................

5,106

5,106

................

5,607

5,607

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

3,012

3,012

................

2,537

2,537

................

2,068

2,068

................

Medical care:
Medicaid .........................................................................................
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

210
1,182
266

................
1,174
146

210
8
119

272
1,218
296

................
1,210
147

272
8
148

770
1,266
378

................
1,257
191

770
9
186

Total, medical care ...................................................................

1,657

1,321

337

1,786

1,358

428

2,413

1,449

965

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................
Student assistance—Department of Education and other ...........

77
................

77
................

................
................

58
................

58
................

................
................

54
45

54
45

................
................

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

77

77

................

58

58

................

100

100

................

Housing assistance .........................................................................

193

11

183

219

11

208

239

13

226

Food and nutrition assistance:
Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) ..............................
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................

30
278

1
2

29
276

34
265

3
2

32
263

69
294

4
2

65
291

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

308

3

305

299

5

295

363

6

357

Public assistance and related programs:
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

2,734
1,743

................
1,743

2,734
................

2,787
1,864

................
1,864

2,787
................

2,758
1,910

................
1,910

2,758
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

4,477

1,743

2,734

4,651

1,864

2,787

4,668

1,910

2,758

All other payments for individuals:
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

53
725

53
725

................
................

60
648

60
648

................
................

70
559

70
559

................
................

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

778

778

................

708

708

................

630

630

................

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

32,217

28,658

3,559

33,103

29,385

3,718

37,076

32,771

4,305

181

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1967

1968

1969

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Social security: disability insurance ..............................................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

19,395
1,898
719

19,395
1,898
719

................
................
................

21,175
2,124
930

21,175
2,124
930

................
................
................

24,225
2,480
1,020

24,225
2,480
1,020

................
................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

22,011

22,011

................

24,229

24,229

................

27,725

27,725

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

1,830
1,962
2,310
121

1,830
1,962
2,310
121

................
................
................
................

2,095
2,136
2,466
134

2,095
2,136
2,466
134

................
................
................
................

2,444
2,403
2,658
149

2,444
2,403
2,658
149

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

6,224

6,224

................

6,830

6,830

................

7,654

7,654

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

2,042

2,042

................

2,270

2,270

................

2,297

2,297

................

Medical care:
Medicare: hospital insurance ........................................................
Medicare: supplementary medical insurance ...............................
Medicaid .........................................................................................
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

2,508
664
1,173
1,332
497

2,508
664
................
1,324
239

................
................
1,173
9
257

3,736
1,390
1,806
1,410
494

3,736
1,390
*
1,399
180

................
................
1,806
11
314

4,654
1,645
2,285
1,498
658

4,654
1,645
................
1,484
249

................
................
2,285
14
409

Total, medical care ...................................................................

6,174

4,735

1,439

8,836

6,706

2,130

10,740

8,032

2,708

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................
Student assistance—Department of Education and other ...........

305
226

305
226

................
................

478
460

478
460

................
................

701
570

701
570

................
................

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

532

532

................

938

938

................

1,271

1,271

................

Housing assistance .........................................................................

257

7

251

281

–3

284

342

–5

346

Food and nutrition assistance:
Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) ..............................
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................

114
304

8
2

106
302

185
321

14
3

171
318

248
339

13
3

234
336

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

418

10

408

505

16

489

587

16

570

Public assistance and related programs:
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

2,720
1,893

................
1,893

2,720
................

3,166
2,048

................
2,048

3,166
................

3,618
2,149

................
2,149

3,618
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

4,613

1,893

2,720

5,215

2,048

3,166

5,767

2,149

3,618

All other payments for individuals:
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

85
853

85
853

................
................

75
671

75
671

................
................

72
771

72
771

................
................

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

938

938

................

746

746

................

843

843

................

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

43,211

38,392

4,819

49,849

43,779

6,070

57,225

49,983

7,243

* $500 thousand or less.

182

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1970

1971

1972

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Social security: disability insurance ..............................................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

26,846
2,805
1,002

26,846
2,805
1,002

................
................
................

31,716
3,416
1,272

31,716
3,416
1,272

................
................
................

35,266
4,098
1,371

35,266
4,098
1,371

................
................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

30,654

30,654

................

36,404

36,404

................

40,735

40,735

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

2,849
2,746
2,974
172

2,849
2,746
2,974
172

................
................
................
................

3,386
3,228
3,354
203

3,386
3,228
3,354
203

................
................
................
................

3,885
3,772
3,485
221

3,885
3,772
3,485
221

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

8,741

8,741

................

10,171

10,171

................

11,363

11,363

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

3,083

3,083

................

5,760

5,760

................

6,652

6,652

................

Medical care:
Medicare: hospital insurance ........................................................
Medicare: supplementary medical insurance ...............................
Medicaid .........................................................................................
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

4,804
1,979
2,727
1,723
792

4,804
1,979
................
1,706
332

................
................
2,727
17
460

5,443
2,035
3,362
1,954
887

5,443
2,035
................
1,935
407

................
................
3,362
18
480

6,109
2,255
4,601
2,336
1,112

6,109
2,255
................
2,317
412

................
................
4,601
18
700

Total, medical care ...................................................................

12,026

8,822

3,204

13,681

9,820

3,861

16,413

11,093

5,320

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................
Student assistance—Department of Education and other ...........

1,015
503

1,015
503

................
................

1,659
904

1,659
904

................
................

1,960
1,067

1,960
1,067

................
................

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

1,519

1,519

................

2,563

2,563

................

3,026

3,026

................

Housing assistance .........................................................................

480

38

442

737

175

562

1,121

371

751

Food and nutrition assistance:
Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) ..............................
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................
Commodity donations and other ...................................................

577
383
................

18
4
................

559
379
................

1,568
611
................

1,548
8
................

20
603
................

1,909
716
593

1,882
8
13

27
707
580

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

960

22

938

2,179

1,556

623

3,218

1,904

1,314

Public assistance and related programs:
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

4,142
2,255

................
2,255

4,142
................

5,486
2,330

................
2,330

5,486
................

6,559
2,531

................
2,531

6,559
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

6,397

2,255

4,142

7,816

2,330

5,486

9,089

2,531

6,559

All other payments for individuals:
Coal miners and black lung benefits ............................................
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

10
79
857

10
79
857

................
................
................

319
77
856

318
77
856

1
................
................

418
85
934

418
85
934

*
................
................

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

946

946

................

1,253

1,252

1

1,437

1,437

*

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

64,806

56,079

8,727

80,564

70,030

10,533

93,055

79,112

13,943

* $500 thousand or less.

183

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1973

1974

1975

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Social security: disability insurance ..............................................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

42,956
5,221
1,622

42,956
5,221
1,622

................
................
................

48,760
6,230
1,723

48,760
6,230
1,723

................
................
................

55,828
7,729
3,720

55,828
7,729
3,720

................
................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

49,799

49,799

................

56,712

56,712

................

67,277

67,277

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

4,390
4,515
3,836
240

4,390
4,515
3,836
240

................
................
................
................

5,128
5,661
3,985
263

5,128
5,661
3,985
263

................
................
................
................

6,242
7,048
4,680
385

6,242
7,048
4,680
385

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

12,980

12,980

................

15,036

15,036

................

18,355

18,355

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

4,893

4,893

................

5,594

5,594

................

12,806

12,806

................

Medical care:
Medicare: hospital insurance ........................................................
Medicare: supplementary medical insurance ...............................
Medicaid .........................................................................................
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

6,649
2,391
4,600
2,611
1,306

6,649
2,391
................
2,591
467

................
................
4,600
20
839

7,807
2,874
5,818
2,896
1,299

7,807
2,874
................
2,871
467

................
................
5,818
25
832

10,355
3,765
6,840
3,527
1,752

10,355
3,765
................
3,502
594

................
................
6,840
26
1,158

Total, medical care ...................................................................

17,557

12,098

5,459

20,694

14,019

6,675

26,241

18,217

8,024

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................
Student assistance—Department of Education and other ...........

2,800
1,199

2,800
1,199

................
................

3,249
1,054

3,249
1,054

................
................

4,591
1,604

4,591
1,582

................
22

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

3,999

3,999

................

4,303

4,303

................

6,196

6,173

22

Housing assistance .........................................................................

1,614

559

1,055

1,794

673

1,122

2,093

761

1,333

Food and nutrition assistance:
Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) ..............................
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................
Commodity donations and other ...................................................

2,208
693
740

2,177
8
12

31
685
728

2,845
802
787

2,797
8
44

48
793
743

4,599
1,575
469

4,463
10
18

136
1,565
451

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

3,641

2,197

1,444

4,433

2,850

1,583

6,643

4,491

2,152

Public assistance and related programs:
Supplemental security income program .......................................
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

................
5,922
2,565

................
................
2,565

................
5,922
................

1,954
5,423
2,530

1,907
................
2,530

47
5,423
................

4,320
5,121
2,739

4,209
................
2,739

110
5,121
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

8,487

2,565

5,922

9,907

4,437

5,470

12,180

6,948

5,231

All other payments for individuals:
Coal miners and black lung benefits ............................................
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

952
95
723

952
95
723

................
................
................

1,000
119
814

1,000
119
814

*
................
................

968
162
915

968
162
915

................
................
................

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

1,770

1,770

................

1,933

1,933

*

2,045

2,045

................

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

104,739

90,860

13,879

120,407

105,557

14,851

153,836

137,074

16,762

* $500 thousand or less.

184

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1976

TQ

1977

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Social security: disability insurance ..............................................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

63,361
9,341
2,226

63,361
9,341
2,226

................
................
................

16,876
2,582
912

16,876
2,582
912

................
................
................

72,486
11,212
2,560

72,486
11,212
2,560

................
................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

74,929

74,929

................

20,371

20,371

................

86,258

86,258

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

7,296
8,267
5,154
463

7,296
8,267
5,154
463

................
................
................
................

1,947
2,261
1,321
129

1,947
2,261
1,321
129

................
................
................
................

8,216
9,531
5,722
553

8,216
9,531
5,722
553

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

21,180

21,180

................

5,658

5,658

................

24,022

24,022

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

18,560

18,560

................

3,304

3,304

................

14,318

14,318

................

Medical care:
Medicare: hospital insurance ........................................................
Medicare: supplementary medical insurance ...............................
Medicaid .........................................................................................
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

12,270
4,672
8,568
3,892
2,117

12,270
4,672
................
3,861
676

................
................
8,568
31
1,441

3,315
1,269
2,229
999
470

3,315
1,269
................
991
172

................
................
2,229
8
297

14,912
5,867
9,876
4,532
2,007

14,912
5,867
................
4,485
796

................
................
9,876
48
1,211

Total, medical care ...................................................................

31,519

21,479

10,040

8,281

5,748

2,534

37,195

26,061

11,134

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................
Student assistance—Department of Education and other ...........

5,527
2,394

5,527
2,359

................
35

783
595

783
590

................
6

3,700
2,719

3,700
2,657

................
62

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

7,920

7,885

35

1,378

1,372

6

6,419

6,357

62

Housing assistance .........................................................................

2,466

873

1,594

648

236

413

2,964

1,139

1,825

Food and nutrition assistance:
Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) ..............................
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................
Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ......................
Commodity donations and other ...................................................

5,632
1,890
143
294

5,365
12
1
10

267
1,878
141
284

1,325
393
41
64

1,260
3
1
2

65
390
41
62

5,399
2,792
245
91

5,128
17
3
5

271
2,775
242
86

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

7,959

5,389

2,570

1,824

1,266

558

8,527

5,153

3,375

Public assistance and related programs:
Supplemental security income program .......................................
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Low income home energy assistance ..........................................
Earned income tax credit ..............................................................
Legal services ................................................................................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

4,573
5,753
................
808
85
2,859

4,507
................
................
808
85
2,859

67
5,753
................
................
................
................

1,165
1,570
................
86
52
719

1,159
................
................
86
52
719

5
1,570
................
................
................
................

4,772
6,165
110
901
125
3,113

4,732
................
................
901
125
3,113

39
6,165
110
................
................
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

14,078

8,259

5,819

3,591

2,016

1,575

15,186

8,872

6,314

All other payments for individuals:
Coal miners and black lung benefits ............................................
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

998
165
861

998
165
861

................
................
................

240
48
190

240
48
190

................
................
................

956
164
968

956
164
968

................
................
................

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

2,023

2,023

................

478

478

................

2,088

2,088

................

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

180,634

160,576

20,058

45,534

40,449

5,085

196,978

174,268

22,710

185

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1978

1979

1980

Program
Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Social security: disability insurance ..............................................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

80,119
12,328
2,332

80,119
12,328
2,332

................
................
................

89,052
13,542
2,767

89,052
13,542
2,767

................
................
................

102,067
14,998
3,268

102,067
14,998
3,268

................
................
................

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

94,779

94,779

................

105,361

105,361

................

120,333

120,333

................

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

9,171
10,867
6,159
483

9,171
10,867
6,159
483

................
................
................
................

10,279
12,369
6,743
538

10,279
12,369
6,743
538

................
................
................
................

11,920
14,662
7,434
661

11,920
14,662
7,434
661

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

26,681

26,681

................

29,930

29,930

................

34,677

34,677

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

10,886

10,886

................

9,837

9,837

................

16,889

16,889

................

Medical care:
Medicare: hospital insurance ........................................................
Medicare: supplementary medical insurance ...............................
Medicaid .........................................................................................
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

17,419
6,856
10,680
5,059
2,262

17,419
6,856
................
5,019
839

................
................
10,680
41
1,423

19,900
8,260
12,407
5,410
2,453

19,900
8,260
................
5,361
946

................
................
12,407
49
1,507

23,802
10,152
13,957
6,290
2,784

23,802
10,152
................
6,241
1,189

................
................
13,957
49
1,595

Total, medical care ...................................................................

42,277

30,133

12,143

48,431

34,467

13,963

56,985

41,384

15,601

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................
Student assistance—Department of Education and other ...........

3,362
3,059

3,362
3,004

................
56

2,825
3,767

2,825
3,706

................
62

2,450
5,089

2,450
5,011

................
78

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

6,421

6,366

56

6,592

6,530

62

7,538

7,460

78

Housing assistance .........................................................................

3,631

1,208

2,423

4,230

1,447

2,784

5,418

1,965

3,453

Food and nutrition assistance:
Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) ..............................
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................
Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ......................
Commodity donations and other ...................................................

5,499
2,665
371
325

5,200
139
................
4

299
2,526
371
321

6,822
3,014
542
338

6,498
152
................
4

324
2,862
542
334

9,117
3,536
717
562

8,705
148
1
5

412
3,388
716
557

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

8,859

5,343

3,516

10,716

6,654

4,061

13,932

8,858

5,074

Public assistance and related programs:
Supplemental security income program .......................................
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Low income home energy assistance ..........................................
Earned income tax credit ..............................................................
Legal services ................................................................................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

5,280
6,393
193
881
157
3,239

5,241
23
................
881
157
3,239

39
6,369
193
................
................
................

4,865
6,358
186
773
254
3,522

4,824
27
................
773
254
3,522

41
6,331
186
................
................
................

5,716
6,924
1,577
1,275
320
3,585

5,677
36
398
1,275
320
3,585

39
6,888
1,180
................
................
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

16,143

9,542

6,601

15,957

9,399

6,558

19,398

11,291

8,107

All other payments for individuals:
Coal miners and black lung benefits ............................................
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

1,005
175
905

1,005
175
849

................
................
56

1,604
177
1,003

1,604
177
871

................
................
132

1,788
183
1,388

1,788
183
1,049

................
................
338

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

2,085

2,029

56

2,784

2,651

132

3,358

3,020

338

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

211,761

186,967

24,795

233,837

206,276

27,561

278,530

245,879

32,652

186

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1981

1982

1983

Program
Total

Direct

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Social security: disability insurance ..............................................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

121,003
16,879
3,643

121,003
16,879
3,643

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

141,524

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

Grants

Total

Direct

................
................
................

136,454
17,463
3,856

136,454
17,463
3,856

141,524

................

157,773

13,729
17,597
8,426
735

13,729
17,597
8,426
735

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

40,487

40,487

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

18,406

Medical care:
Medicare: hospital insurance ........................................................
Medicare: supplementary medical insurance ...............................
Medicaid .........................................................................................
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

Grants

Total

Direct

Grants

................
................
................

150,893
17,620
3,771

150,893
17,620
3,771

................
................
................

157,773

................

172,284

172,284

................

14,938
19,405
9,276
816

14,938
19,405
9,276
816

................
................
................
................

15,945
20,717
9,844
759

15,945
20,717
9,844
759

................
................
................
................

................

44,436

44,436

................

47,265

47,265

................

18,406

................

22,314

22,314

................

29,815

29,815

................

28,916
12,351
16,833
6,732
2,814

28,916
12,351
................
6,683
1,182

................
................
16,833
50
1,632

34,354
14,813
17,391
7,296
2,925

34,354
14,813
................
7,238
1,678

................
................
17,391
57
1,247

38,005
17,493
18,985
8,044
2,463

38,005
17,493
................
7,987
1,527

................
................
18,985
57
935

Total, medical care ...................................................................

67,647

49,132

18,516

76,778

58,083

18,695

84,991

65,013

19,978

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................
Student assistance—Department of Education and other ...........

2,395
6,166

2,395
6,087

................
78

2,113
5,758

2,113
5,701

................
57

1,854
6,601

1,854
6,550

................
51

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

8,561

8,482

78

7,870

7,814

57

8,455

8,404

51

Housing assistance .........................................................................

6,775

2,716

4,059

7,960

3,038

4,922

9,366

3,648

5,718

Food and nutrition assistance:
Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) ..............................
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................
Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ......................
Commodity donations and other ...................................................

11,253
3,543
930
394

10,764
183
2
5

489
3,359
928
389

11,014
3,043
930
506

10,262
167
1
6

752
2,875
928
500

12,653
3,293
1,126
797

11,210
178
3
5

1,444
3,115
1,123
791

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

16,119

10,954

5,165

15,493

10,436

5,056

17,869

11,396

6,473

Public assistance and related programs:
Supplemental security income program .......................................
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Low income home energy assistance ..........................................
Earned income tax credit ..............................................................
Legal services ................................................................................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

6,467
7,736
1,780
1,318
324
3,755

6,422
42
126
1,318
324
3,755

45
7,694
1,653
................
................
................

6,864
7,530
1,687
1,201
259
3,879

6,844
42
2
1,201
259
3,879

20
7,488
1,685
................
................
................

7,894
7,875
1,993
1,213
234
3,894

7,881
31
3
1,213
234
3,894

13
7,844
1,991
................
................
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

21,380

11,988

9,393

21,421

12,228

9,193

23,103

13,255

9,848

All other payments for individuals:
Coal miners and black lung benefits ............................................
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

1,770
208
1,780

1,770
208
1,140

................
................
641

1,706
140
2,033

1,706
140
1,155

................
................
878

1,737
122
1,517

1,737
122
1,013

................
................
504

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

3,759

3,118

641

3,879

3,001

878

3,376

2,872

504

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

324,658

286,807

37,851

357,924

319,123

38,800

396,523

353,951

42,572

187

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1984

1985

1986

Program
Total

Direct

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Social security: disability insurance ..............................................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

158,256
17,797
3,672

158,256
17,797
3,672

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

179,724

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

Total

Direct

Total

Direct

................
................
................

167,732
18,700
3,863

167,732
18,700
3,863

................
................
................

176,949
19,598
3,699

176,949
19,598
3,699

................
................
................

179,724

................

190,295

190,295

................

200,246

200,246

................

16,471
21,813
9,916
825

16,471
21,813
9,916
825

................
................
................
................

15,801
23,012
10,243
790

15,801
23,012
10,243
790

................
................
................
................

17,621
23,942
10,416
942

17,621
23,942
10,416
942

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ................

49,025

49,025

................

49,846

49,846

................

52,920

52,920

................

Unemployment assistance ..............................................................

16,911

Medical care:
Medicare: hospital insurance ........................................................
Medicare: supplementary medical insurance ...............................
Medicaid .........................................................................................
Hospital and medical care for veterans .......................................
Other ..............................................................................................

16,911

................

16,186

16,186

................

16,427

16,427

................

41,476
19,475
20,061
8,604
2,600

41,476
19,475
................
8,545
1,075

................
................
20,061
59
1,526

47,841
21,808
22,655
9,264
2,652

47,841
21,808
................
9,180
1,113

................
................
22,655
84
1,539

49,018
25,166
24,995
9,634
2,674

49,018
25,166
................
9,553
1,102

................
................
24,995
81
1,572

Total, medical care ...................................................................

92,217

70,571

21,646

104,219

79,942

24,277

111,488

84,839

26,649

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits .........................................................
Student assistance—Department of Education and other ...........

1,564
7,036

1,564
6,966

................
70

1,352
7,800

1,352
7,724

................
76

1,172
8,036

1,172
7,954

................
82

Total, assistance to students ....................................................

8,600

8,531

70

9,152

9,076

76

9,208

9,126

82

Housing assistance .........................................................................

9,932

4,163

5,769

11,200

4,783

6,417

12,279

4,836

7,443

Food and nutrition assistance:
Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) ..............................
Child nutrition and special milk programs ....................................
Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ......................
Commodity donations and other ...................................................

12,375
3,552
1,367
677

10,829
192
2
9

1,547
3,361
1,365
668

12,526
3,681
1,495
756

10,815
201
*
9

1,710
3,480
1,495
747

12,443
3,835
1,578
668

10,651
157
*
9

1,792
3,678
1,577
660

Total, food and nutrition assistance .........................................

17,972

11,032

6,941

18,457

11,025

7,431

18,524

10,817

7,707

Public assistance and related programs:
Supplemental security income program .......................................
Family support payments to States and TANF ...........................
Low income home energy assistance ..........................................
Earned income tax credit ..............................................................
Legal services ................................................................................
Veterans non-service connected pensions ...................................

7,633
8,346
2,026
1,193
271
3,874

7,625
34
2
1,193
271
3,874

8
8,311
2,024
................
................
................

8,654
8,625
2,141
1,100
300
3,842

8,654
33
2
1,100
300
3,842

................
8,592
2,139
................
................
................

9,323
9,877
2,046
1,415
305
3,874

9,323
................
................
1,415
305
3,874

................
9,877
2,046
................
................
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ........................

23,342

13,000

10,343

24,662

13,931

10,731

26,840

14,917

11,922

All other payments for individuals:
Coal miners and black lung benefits ............................................
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ........................................
Refugee assistance and other ......................................................

1,687
128
1,668

1,687
128
1,083

................
................
585

1,663
133
1,489

1,663
133
1,069

................
................
420

1,612
122
1,596

1,612
122
1,174

................
................
422

Total, all other payments for individuals ..................................

3,484

2,899

585

3,285

2,865

420

3,330

2,907

422

Total, payments for individuals .....................................................

401,209

355,856

45,353

427,302

377,950

49,352

451,261

397,036

54,225

* $500 thousand or less.

Grants

Grants

Grants

188

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1987

1988

Program
Total

Direct

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ......................................................................................
Social security: disability insurance ............................................................................................................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ..................................................................................................

184,612
20,492
3,904

184,612
20,492
3,904

Total, social security and railroad retirement .........................................................................................

209,009

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ........................................................................................................................................
Civil service retirement ................................................................................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ................................................................................................
Other ............................................................................................................................................................

Total

Direct

................
................
................

195,331
21,477
3,872

195,331
21,477
3,872

................
................
................

209,009

................

220,679

220,679

................

18,080
25,713
10,502
907

18,080
25,713
10,502
907

................
................
................
................

19,011
28,047
11,252
970

19,011
28,047
11,252
970

................
................
................
................

Total, federal employees retirement and insurance ..............................................................................

55,203

55,203

................

59,280

59,280

................

Unemployment assistance ............................................................................................................................

15,760

15,760

................

13,857

13,857

................

Medical care:
Medicare: hospital insurance ......................................................................................................................
Medicare: supplementary medical insurance .............................................................................................
Medicaid .......................................................................................................................................................
Hospital and medical care for veterans .....................................................................................................
Other ............................................................................................................................................................

49,976
29,937
27,435
10,061
2,757

49,976
29,937
................
9,967
1,007

................
................
27,435
94
1,750

52,022
33,682
30,462
10,714
3,021

52,022
33,682
................
10,608
1,222

................
................
30,462
106
1,799

Total, medical care .................................................................................................................................

120,165

90,886

29,279

129,900

97,534

32,366

Assistance to students:
Veterans education benefits ........................................................................................................................
Student assistance—Department of Education and other .........................................................................

1,105
7,469

1,105
7,402

................
66

1,071
8,139

1,071
8,070

................
68

Total, assistance to students ..................................................................................................................

8,574

8,508

66

9,210

9,142

68

Housing assistance .......................................................................................................................................

12,626

5,226

7,400

13,841

5,190

8,651

Food and nutrition assistance:
Food stamp program (including Puerto Rico) ............................................................................................
Child nutrition and special milk programs ..................................................................................................
Supplemental feeding programs (WIC and CSFP) ....................................................................................
Commodity donations and other .................................................................................................................

12,407
4,060
1,670
725

10,448
138
*
10

1,959
3,922
1,669
716

13,145
4,305
1,804
745

11,152
146
3
9

1,993
4,158
1,801
736

Total, food and nutrition assistance .......................................................................................................

18,863

10,596

8,267

19,998

11,310

8,688

Public assistance and related programs:
Supplemental security income program .....................................................................................................
Family support payments to States and TANF ..........................................................................................
Low income home energy assistance ........................................................................................................
Earned income tax credit ............................................................................................................................
Legal services ..............................................................................................................................................
Veterans non-service connected pensions .................................................................................................

9,933
10,540
1,829
1,410
309
3,793

9,933
................
................
1,410
309
3,793

................
10,540
1,829
................
................
................

11,370
10,764
1,585
2,698
306
3,935

11,370
................
................
2,698
306
3,935

................
10,764
1,585
................
................
................

Total, public assistance and related programs ......................................................................................

27,814

15,445

12,369

30,658

18,309

12,349

All other payments for individuals:
Coal miners and black lung benefits ..........................................................................................................
Veterans insurance and burial benefits ......................................................................................................
Refugee assistance and other ....................................................................................................................

1,598
131
1,535

1,598
131
1,161

................
................
374

1,558
142
1,533

1,558
142
1,221

................
................
312

Total, all other payments for individuals ................................................................................................

3,263

2,890

374

3,233

2,921

312

Total, payments for individuals ...................................................................................................................

471,277

413,522

57,755

500,656

438,222

62,434

* $500 thousand or less.

Grants

Grants

189

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998, HISTORICAL TABLES

Table 11.3—OUTLAYS FOR PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS BY CATEGORY AND MAJOR PROGRAM: 1940–2002—Continued
(in millions of dollars)

1989

1990

1991

Program
Total

Direct

Social security and railroad retirement:
Social security: old age and survivors insurance ........................
Social security: disability insurance ..............................................
Railroad retirement (excl. social security) ....................................

207,493
22,644
4,097

207,493
22,644
4,097

Total, social security and railroad retirement ...........................

234,234

Federal employees retirement and insurance:
Military retirement ..........................................................................
Civil service retirement ..................................................................
Veterans service-connected compensation ..................................
Other ..............................................................................................

Grants

Total

Direct

................
................
................

221,926
24,423
4,138

221,926
24,423
4,138

234,234

................

250,488

20,184
29,134
11,650
1,132

20,184
29,134
11,650
1,132

................
..