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• BICENTENNIAL EDITION HISTORICAL STATISTICS of the United States COLONIAL TIMES TO 1970 PART 2 U.S. D e p a r t m e n t of C o m m e r c e R o g e r s C. B. M o r t o n , Secretary James L. Pate, Assistant Secretary for Economic Affairs B U R E A U OF THE CENSUS Vincent P. Barabba, Director B U R E A U OF THE CENSUS Vincent P. Barabba, Director Robert L. Hagan, Deputy Director James W. Turbitt, Associate Director for Field Operations and User Services DATA USER SERVICES DIVISION Michael G. Garland, Chief ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Preparation of this edition was under the direction of William Lemer Chief, Statistical Compendia Staff The bicentennial edition of Historical Statistics of the United States is the third in the series of volumes inaugurated in 1949. In both form and content, the bicentennial edition has drawn heavily from, and built upon, the two prior editions. Both the first volume. Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789 to 1945, issued in 1949, and the second volume, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957, issued in 1960, were prepared by the Bureau of the Census with the cooperation of the Social Science Research Council (SSRC). Although the SSRC did not participate in the preparation of the bicentennial edition, its cooperation in the first two volumes was invaluable in establishing those volumes as the basis for continuing work in the field of historical statistics. Similarly, the many individuals and agencies who made important and distinctive contributions to the first two volumes were instrumental in the preparation of the present one. Immediately following the table of contents, therefore, are reprinted the "official roster and credits" pages from the first two volumes. Also, incorporated within the "Acknowledgments for Chapter Contributions," under the title of each edition, are the credits to contributors as they appeared in the first two volumes. of manuscript for the printer. The Census Library, Dorothy W. Kaufman, Chief, also lent valuable assistance. The cooperation of the many contributors to this volume and to the prior editions is gratefully acknowledged. Following the practice established by the prior editions, every data series shown in this volume is, to the extent possible, specifically identified by source as to issuing agency and/or individual author, publication title, publisher, and date of issue. Frequently all five items are shown; frequently additional information is given. Except for material specified in source citations as "copyright" the tables and text in this volume may be reproduced at will. Appropriate reference to this volume (see citation below) for material reproduced would be appreciated since it may be helpful to users of such material. Permission to reproduce copyrighted material should be obtained directly from the copyright owner. September 1975 For Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data, see p. A-32. Analytical review and editing of text tables was primarily the responsibility of Helen E. Teir, Assistant Chief, Statistical Compendia Staff, Data User Services Division. During the period January 1972 to June 1973, Elma D. Beynon was primarily responsible for obtaining the cooperation and assistance of the many subject consultants and for immediate supervision of compilation operations. Suzanne L. Worth assisted Mrs. Beynon and, from July 1973 to November 1974, was responsible for working with consultants and for supervision of the technical and clerical staff. Alma L. Butler, assisted by Kay Swenson, was responsible for final editing and preparation Suggested Citation U.S. Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970, Bicentennial Edition, Part 1 Washington, D.C., 1975 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C Price $ 2 6 per 2 part set (Sold only in sets) Stock Number 0 0 3 - 0 2 4 - 0 0 1 2 0 - 9 20402 Contents of Parts 1 and 2 Part 1 Page Acknowledgments for Chapter Contributions Introduction viii ... xi A. Population B. Vital Statistics and Health and Medical Care... 44 C. Migration 87 D. Labor 121 E. Prices and Price Indexes 183 F. National Income and Wealth 215 G. Consumer Income and Expenditures 284 CHAPTER 1 H. Social Statistics 332 J. Land, Water, and Climate 423 K. Agriculture 449 L. Forestry and Fisheries 520 M. Minerals 564 ... Appendix: Contributors to This Edition A-l Time Period Index... A-4 Subject Index A-10 Part 2 Acknowledgments for Chapter Contributions Introduction viii xi CHAPTER N. Construction and Housing 010 P. Manufactures 052 Q. Transportation ...... 703 R. Communications 775 S. Energy 811 T. Distribution and Services 834 U. International Transactions and Foreign V. Business Enterprise Commerce 858 908 W. Productivity and Technological Development... 943 X. Financial Markets and Institutions 908 Y. Government 1007 Z. Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics 1152 Appendix: Contributors to This Edition A-l Time Period Index A-4 Subject Index A-10 Part 2— Detailed Contents [Numbers in parentheses following subjects are series numbers] Chapter Page Acknowledgments for Chapter Contributions. , ,. T , Introduction N. P. Chapter viii . xi cleared (Q 506-517)—Waterborne imports, exports, and domestic cargo (Q 518-541)—Great Lakes and canal traffic (Q 542-557)—River, harbor, and canal expenditures (Q 558-564). Construction and Housing CONSTRUCTION Value of new construction put in place (N 1 - 6 0 ) — Expenditures for maintenance and repair and for private nonfarm residences (N 61-65)—Value of new public construction and expenditures for new private and public construction (N 6 6 - 7 7 ) — C o n struction contracts and bidding volume (N 78-110) —Building activity and construction cost indexes (N 111-139)—Wholesale price indexes (N 140-155). 610 HOUSING N e w housing starts and mobile homes (N 156-170) —Public housing and Federal programs (N 1 7 1 191)—Residential structures and land (N 192-237) - O c c u p i e d units, vacancy rates, and price indexes (N 238-261 ) - R e s i d e n t i a I mortgages, Federal nance programs, and foreclosures (N 262-307). 631 Manufactures 652 AIR TRANSPORTATION Aircraft production and exports (Q565-576)— Domestic and international transportation (Q 5 7 7 590)—Revenues and expenses (Q 591-603)—AirP or , ts > aircraft, pilots, and miles flown (Q 604-623) —Accidents (Q 624-637). R. 767 77* 775 communications rates ( R 89-92). Summary (P 1 - 1 2 ) — P r o d u c t i o n indexes (P 13-57) —General statistics, b y major industry groups (P 58-67)—Horsepower of power equipment (P 68-73)—Shipments, inventories, and orders (P 74-92)—Corporate sales, profits, and stockholders' RADIO AND TELEVISION Stations, sets produced, and households with sets ( R 93-105)—Advertising expenditures, finances, and employment (R 106-139)—Safety and special r a d l ° stations (R 140-162). 792 DUSTRWS'^P^107-17^—CONM POSTAL SERVICE, NEWSPAPERS,, AND BOOKS 801 Transportation m r n w A Y TRANSPORTATION HIG™eTsTfnteRrcfty0traffic-and-operatYng"revenues S & I ^ M ^ TRANSPORTATION ...... .. Electric railways (Q 264-273)—Service, mileage, equipment, traffic, and revenue (Q 2 7 4 - 3 2 8 ) — Mileage built and mileage in receivership (Q 3 2 9 330)—Freight traffic and revenue, property investment, capital, income, expenses, interest, and dividends (Q 3 3 1 - 3 7 7 ) — T a x accruals (Q 378-384) —Grade crossings, fuel received, ties and rails laid, and purchases (Q 3 8 ^ 3 9 7 ) — E m p l o y m e n t , wages, accidents, and fatalities (Q 398-409)—Pullman Company operations (Q 410-412). WATER TRANSPORTATION Persons entering b y ship (Q 413)—Employment and wage scale on merchant vessels (Q 4 1 4 - 4 1 6 ) — Documented merchant vessels, b y type, material of which built, and trade (Q 417-437)—Shipbuilding and repair (Q 438-472)—Merchant vessels launched IV Q11 energy Horsepower of prime movers (S 1 - 1 4 ) — R a w material and fuel consumption (S 15-31)—Electric energy production (S 32-52)—Electric generating P l ^ s and installed capacity (S 5 3 - 9 4 ) - F u e l 7ftq 703 ^ owership!eSan^8financ?ng' J f l ^ S S S ^ vehicle speed, miles of travel, deaths, and accidents (Q 187-232)—Gasoline tax rates (Q 233-234)— Public transit (Q 235-250)—Oil pipelines operated and oil originated (Q 251-263). _ °®c,es' J f ^ l ' "V W ™ ' 1 6 ^ 1 8 7 ) ~ ? ° s t a l r a t ^ . ( ? } 8 £ " ™den$0y<LeS " l ) - N e w books and new editions published (R newspapers, S consumption, a n d p e r l o d l c a l s ( R 218-257). Q ^ric^ dexes (O 4 7 ^ 9 ) - ^ a / e Z cost of Federal-aM htehwav sv S tems 0 50-68)-Intercitv y S f 0 6 9 ^ 1 ) — H i e h w a v receipts d i s C s f mente, coMtnfction, a n d " P R AIL Communications FPHONF AND TFT FCRAPH SYSTOM? TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS Telephones, conversations, and toll rates (R 1 - 1 6 ) ^ d e p e n d e n t companies, summary (R 17^45)-WeStern U m o n Telegraph. Company fi- turing (P 177-204)—Establishments, employment, payroll value added, and capital expenditures (P 205-215)—Consumption of selected commodities (P 216-230)—Output of selected commodities (P (231-300)—-Production capacity of selected industries (P 301-317)—Output value of finished c o m modities and construction materials (P 318-374). Q. Page and owned, world and United States (Q 473-480)— Documented vessels, b y region, type, and service (Q 481-505)—Capacity of vessels entered and and use ^S oil 108-132^— P r i ^ t e l y o w e d electric utilities (S 1331 4 6 ) - R u r a l electrification (S 1 4 7 - 1 5 9 ) - W a t e r P ° w e r ( S 1 6 0 - 1 7 5 ) - N a t u r a l gas and gas utility and 6 industries 176"218)- P i n a n c e s of * ^ T" „„„ 723 742 Distribution and Services National income originating, persons engaged, and average earnings (T 1 - 4 2 ) — L e g a l form of organization (T 43-57)—Inventories (T 58-78)—Retail establishments, sales, and persons engaged, b y kind of business (T 79-196)—Sales of multiunit retail firms. 197-219)—Chain stores, retail trade (T margins, and retail store sales (T 2 2 0 - 2 7 1 ) — D e partment store indexes (T 272-273)—Wholesale establishments, sales, expenses, and persons eng a g e d , b y kind of business (T 274-371)—Wholesale (T 3 7 2 - 3 9 0 ) — S al e S ( stocks, and trade margins Service establishments and receipts, b y kind of business (T 391-443)—Advertising volume, expenditure indexes, and newspaper lineage (T 4 4 4 491)_ International Transactions and Foreign Commerce INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS AND FOREIGN AID Balance of international payments (U 1 - 2 5 ) — U . S . investments abroad and foreign investments in U.S. (U 26-74)—U.S. foreign grants and credits (U 7 5 186). 834 858 DETAILED CONTENTS FOREIGN COMMERCE Value of exports and imports (U 187-200)—Foreign trade related to production (U 201-206)—Value of free and dutiable imports (U 207-212)—Value of exports and imports by economic and end-use classes and by groups of customs districts (U 213273)—Exports and imports of selected merchandise (U 274-316)—Value of exports and imports, by country (U 317-352). V. Number, receipts, and profits of business enterprises (V 1-12)—Firms in operation, formations, failures, and turnover (V 13-37)—Mergers (V 3 8 40)—Corporations and share of corporate income (V 41-65)—Income of unincorporated enterprises (V 66-77)—Manufacturing and trade sales and inventories (V 78-107). CORPORATE ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND INCOME Corporate finances, all industries (V 108-140)— Nonfinancial corporations (V 141-166)—Selected corporate financial items, by industrial division and by size of total assets (V 167-196)—Selected financial items for selected utility industries (V 197270)—Value of plant and equipment in regulated industries (V 271-284)—Selected financial items for large manufacturing corporations (V 285-305)— Business expenditures for new plant and equipment (V 306-332). National productivity (W 1-11)—Productivity in selected industries (W 12-54)—Productivity in selected utilities, distribution, and' nonfinancial corporations (W 55-66)—Farm productivity (W 67-81). Y. 960 NET PUBLIC AND PRIVATE DEBT By major sectors (X 393-409). 968 989 990 INTEREST RATES AND SECURITY MARKETS 996 Money market rates (X 444-455)—Commercial and finance company paper and bankers' acceptances (X 456-465)—Bank rates on short-term business loans (X 466-473)—Bond and stock yields and prices (X 474-498)—Security issues (X 499516)—Value and volume of sales on securities exchanges (X 517-535)—Mutual funds (X 536-539) —Federal Reserve Board margin requirements, stock market credit, brokers' loans, and consumer credit (X 540-560). 1050 Government ELECTIONS AND POLITICS 1067 GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT AND FINANCES 1086 ARMED FORCES AND VETERANS 1135 Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics 1152 Cost of U.S. wars (Y 849-855)—Characteristics of the Armed Forces, by war (Y 856-903)—Military personnel on active duty (Y 904-916)—Selective Service (Y 917-942)—Veterans in civil life (Y 943970)—Expenditures of Veterans Administration (Y 971-997)—Veterans pensions and compensation, medical care, and life insurance (Y 998-1031). MONEY SUPPLY AND GOLD Money stock, and currency in circulation (X 410437)—Changes in gold stock (X 438-443). INSURANCE Employment and payrolls (Y 272-334)—Federal Government finances (Y 335-357)—Internal revenue collections (Y 358-373)—Income tax returns (Y 374-411)—Tax liability and rates, for selected groups (Y 412-439)—Estate and gift tax returns (Y 440-456)—Outlays and debt of the Federal Government (Y 457-504)—Federal, State, and local government revenue, expenditure, and debt (Y 505566)—Federal Government revenue, expenditure, and debt (Y 567-637)—Federal grants to State and local governments (Y 638-651)—State and local government revenue, expenditure, and debt (Y 652709)—State government revenue, expenditure, and debt (Y 710-782)—Local government expenditure, debt, and revenue (Y 783-848). Financial Markets and Institutions Debt of nonfinancial borrowers, and credit market funds (X 1-113)—Assets, liabilities, saving, and investment of households, personal trusts, nonprofit organizations, nonfinancial business, and State and local governments (X 114-262)—Money supply, time deposits, and savings accounts (X 263-292)— Summaries of government securities, bond and mortgage, and corporate equities markets (X 293392). 1044 Methods of electing presidential electors (Y 1-26)— Voter participation in presidential elections (Y 2778)—Electoral and popular vote cast for President (Y 79-186)—Costs of presidential elections ( Y 1 8 7 188)—Legislative activity (Y 189-203)—Political party affiliation (Y 204-210)—Vote for and apportionment of Representatives (Y 211-271). 943 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FLOW OF FUNDS NONBANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Life insurance, by type (X 879-889)—Sales and finances of U.S. life insurance companies (X 890917)—Property-liability insurance (X 918-932)— Stock and mutual companies (X 933-956)—Private health insurance (X 957-962). 917 954 Expenditures and obligations (W 109-167)—Employment of scientists and engineers (W 168-180). 1010 Mutual savings banks (X 821-833)—Savings and loan associations (X 834-844)—Postal Savings System (X 845-849)—Federal and federally sponsored agencies (X 850-863)—Credit unions (X 864878). COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS, AND TRADEMARKS Copyright registrations, by type (W 82-95)— Patents, by type and patentee (W 96-106)— Trademarks (W 107-108). X. 908 Productivity and Technological Development PRODUCTIVITY INDEXES BANKING Early State banks and Second Bank of the U.S. (X 561-579)—Number, assets, and liabilities of banks, by type of bank (X 580-688)—Deposits, debits, and deposit turnover (X 689-715)—Banking offices and deposit insurance (X 716-730)—Branch banking (X 731-740)—Bank suspensions and closings (X 741767)—Earnings and expenses, national and commercial banks (X 768-791)—Bank clearings at principal cities (X 792-795)—Federal Reserve banks (X 796-820). Business Enterprise BUSINESS POPULATION W. 876 Z. Population (Z 1-132)—Slave trade and prices (Z 133-168)—Components of wealth (Z 169-191)— Agriculture censuses and weekly diets (Z 192-212) —Foreign trade, shipping, slaves imported, and articles exported (Z 213-294)—Trade in coal, iron, furs, indigo, silk, tobacco, tea, rice, naval stores, and timber (Z 295-509)—Vessels built (Z 510-529)— Whaling and cod fishery (Z 530-538)—Wages and prices (Z 539-584)—Exchange rates, silver prices, credit, money, and tax collections (Z 585-615). Appendix: Contributors to This Edition A-l Time Period Index A-4 Subject Index A-10 V Replica of "Official Roster and Credits Page" from Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957 Bureau of the Census ROBERT W. BURGESS, Director A. Ross Eckler, Deputy Director Howard C. Grieves, Assistant Director Conrad Taeuber, Assistant Director Morris H. Hansen, Assistant Director for Statistical Standards Lowell T. Gait, Assistant Director for Operations Walter L. Kehres, Assistant Director for Administration Calvert L. Dedrick, Chief, International Statistical Programs Office A. W. von Struve, Acting Public Information Officer HERMAN P. MILLER, Historical Statistics Project Director This volume stems from a joint interest by the Bureau of the Census and the Social Science Research Council. It was planned, assembled, edited, and published by the Bureau, with the advice and assistance of the Committee on Historical Statistics appointed by the Council. Many other individuals and agencies cooperated and made significant contributions to this project. General acknowledgments for each chapter are presented on p. VII; other acknowledgments frequently appear in the text discussions of the various chapters. The volume was prepared in the Bureau of the Census under the general direction of Edwin D. Goldfield, Chief, Statistical Reports Division. Herman P. Miller served as the Project Director and was primarily responsible for the planning, organizing, and supervising of all aspects of the compilation of the data. Dr. Miller also served as executive secretary of the Committee on Historical Statistics, handled liaison matters for the Committee, and participated in its selection of experts to serve as consultants. O. Halbert Goolsby acted as staff assistant. Morris B. Ullman, who supervised the preparation of the previous volume, Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-19i5, was responsible for planning during the early stages of the project. William Lerner, Assistant Chief, Statistical Reports Division, was primarily responsible for the planning and supervising of the publication aspects of the volume and for the review and editing of the text and tables. Dorothy M . Belzer was responsible for the tabular presentation of the data and preparation of the material for the printer. The Census Library Branch, Louise H. Clickner, Chief, also lent valuable assistance. Social Science Research Council The Committee on Historical Statistics appointed by the Social Science Research Council participated actively in the preparation of this volume, in the extension of the subjects to be added, and in planning the general procedures for securing expert assistance on each subject. As the project was developed the Committee, especially the Chairman, was primarily responsible for consideration of prob- lems of data selection and format, for general appraisal of the quality of the series suggested for inclusion, and for the selection of consultantspecialists for the various subjects. The Committee as a whole, or through specially qualified members, reviewed the plans for inclusion of specific series and discussed areas of study which presented unusual problems. Committee on Historical Statistics of the Social Science Research Council (Advisory to the Bureau of the Census) G. Heberton Evans, Jr., Chairman Chairman of Department of Political Economy The Johns Hopkins University Herman P. Miller, Executive Secretary Bureau of the Census Otis Dudley Duncan Associate Director of Population Research and Training Center The University of Chicago Maurice I. Gershenson Department of Industrial Relations State of California Willard L. Thorp Director of Merrill Center for Economics Amherst College Solomon Fabricant Director of Research National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Richard M. Scammon Director of Elections Research Governmental Affairs Institute Harold F. Williamson Professor of Economics Northwestern University Paul Webbink, Vice President, Social Science Research Council, attended Committee meetings and acted as the Council's representative. Stanley Lebergott, Office of Statistical Standards, Bureau of the Budget, also participated in the meetings. VI Replica o f "Official Roster and Credits Page" from Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945. BUREAU OF T H E CENSUS J. C. CAPT, Director PHILIP M. HAUSER, Deputy Director A . Ross ECKLER, Assistant Director HOWARD C. GRIEVES, Assistant Director MORRIS H. HANSEN, Statistical Assistant to the ROBERT Y. PHILLIPS, Executive Assistant to the CALVERT L. DEDRICK, Coordinator, International FRANK R. WILSON, Information Assistant to the While this volume has been planned, assembled, and edited in the Bureau of the Census, with the advice and assistance of the Social Science Research Council, many other individuals and agencies contributed to its preparation, directly and indirectly. In some instances, individuals devoted themselves full-time for the period necessary to complete their phase of the project. In other instances, contributions were prepared by individuals while they maintained heavy responsibilities in their own offices. A number of private publishers, authors, and research organizations generously granted permission to use their materials. In some cases, they also made additional contributions in time and energy. General acknowledgments for each chapter are given on p. IV; other specific acknowledgments appear within the text in the various sections of the volume. This volume was prepared in the office of Morris H. Hansen, Statistical Assistant to the Director of the Bureau of the Census, Director Director Statistics Director under the supervision of Morris B. Ullman, Chief, Statistical Reports Section, by Bruce L. Jenkinson, A. Benjamin Handler, and William Lerner. Mr. Jenkinson, Chief, Statistical Abstract Unit, was primarily responsible for the planning and preparation of the report; Mr. Handler, Executive Secretary of the Social Science Research Council Committee on the Source Book of Historical Statistics, was primarily responsible for procurement of data and relationships with the agencies and individuals who contributed to the publication; and Mr. Lerner, Statistician, Statistical Abstract Unit, was primarily responsible for the review and editing of the materials as to content, adequacy, and coverage. Dorothy M. Belzer acted as staff assistant, particularly with respect to tabular presentation, and was responsible for preparation of the materials for the printer. Claire F. Cahill checked all citations by reference to the original published sources and offered many constructive suggestions as to the content of the book. Social Science Research Council The Social Science Research Council Committee on the Source Book of Historical Statistics, Advisory to the Bureau of the Census, played an important role in the preparation of this volume. The Chairman of the Committee and its members gave considerable time and thought to the review of plans, to advising on proper courses of action, and contributed in other ways. In particular, J. Frederic Dewhurst, Chairman, was in a large measure responsible for the initiation of the project. The completed volume owes much to his original outline of purpose, coverage, and arrangement. For a detailed statement of the origins of this historical volume, see introductory text. Through a grant by the Committee on Research in Economic History (Arthur H. Cole, Chairman) of the Social Science Research Council, the full-time services of the Executive Secretary of the Advisory Committee were made available to the Bureau of the Census. The Social Science Research Council Committee on the Source Book of Historical Statistics (Advisory to the Bureau of the Census) J. Frederic Dewhurst Shepard Clough Columbia University Arthur H. Cole Harvard University Morris A. Copeland National Bureau of Economic Research Ernest S. Griffith The Library of Congress Edward P. Hutchinson University of Pennsylvania ', The Twentieth Century Fund Stacy May International Basic Economy Corp. Walter Mitchell, Jr. Controllers Institute of America Amos E. Taylor Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce Harold Williamson Northwestern University A. Benjamin Handler (Executive Secretary) Social Science Research Council R . H. Coats, University of Toronto, attended meetings of the Committee as a representative of the Social Science Research Council of Canada VII Acknowledgments for Chapter Contributions * Chapter N. Historical Statistics . . . 1789-191*5 Construction and Housing Historical Statistics ... Colonial Times to 1970 Consultants—Samuel J. Dennis, Bureau of the Census; Lawrence N. Bloomberg, Office of Management and Budget Major contributors—Leonard J. Norry and David Siskind, Bureau of the Census; Robert E. Lipsey, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Historical Statistics ... Colonial Times to 1957 Principal consultant—Leo Grebler, University of California, Los Angeles Review consultant-—Raymond W. Goldsmith, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. List of series on railroads suggested b y : Bureau of Transport Economics and Statistics, Interstate Commerce Commission; and Bureau of Railway Economics, Association of American Railroads. Material on water transportation prepared by staff of Bureau of the Census. Series on road transportation supplied by Division of Research Reports and Statistics, Public Roads Administration, Federal Works Agency. List of series on air transport suggested by J. Parker Van Zandt, The Brookings Institution, and by Civil Aeronautics Administration, Department of Commerce. Data supplied by Civil Aeronautics Administration. Historical Statistics ... 1789-191*5 Basic text and series on construction supplied by Keith W. Johnson, Economic Analyst, Samuel J. Dennis, Chief, Construction Economics Unit, and William H. Shaw, Chief, Construction Statistics Unit, Construction Division, in the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce. Material was also supplied by: H. E. Riley, Chief, Construction and Public Employment Division, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor; and Fred E. Schnepfe, Chief, Liaison Division, Public Roads Administration, Federal Works Agency. Material on housing prepared by Bureau of the Census staff. Chapter P. Chapter R. Historical Statistics . .. Colonial Times to 1970 Consultant—Hyman H. Goldin, Boston University Historical Statistics . .. Colonial Times to 1957 Principal consultants—Hyman H. Goldin and Robert E. Stromberg, Federal Communications Commission Review consultant—Melville J. Ulmer, American University Manufactures Chapter S. Historical Statistics ... Historical Statistics ... Energy Colonial Times to 1970 Consultants—Daniel Creamer, The Conference Board, Inc.; Solomon Fabricant, New York University Major contributors—John W. Kendrick, George Washington University; Vivian E. Spencer, University of Connecticut Colonial Times to 1957 Principal consultant—Daniel Creamer, National Industrial Conference Board, Inc. Review consultant—John W. Kendrick, George Washington University Other contributor—John A. Waring, Washington, D.C. Historical Statistics Historical Statistics ... Colonial Times to 1970 Consultants—Joel Darmstadter and Sam H. Schurr, Resources for the Future, Inc. Major contributors—Charles L. Franklin, Federal Power Commission; Paul J. Rederer, Edison Electric Institute; John W. Eden, American Gas Association Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1957 Principal consultant—Lawrence D. Jennings, Federal Power Commission Review consultant—Herbert B. Dorau, New York University 1789-191*5 Material on manufactures prepared by Bureau of the Census staff. Chapter Q. Communications Historical Statistics . . . 1789-191*5 Basic text and series on power supplied by Division of Finance and Statistics, Bureau of Accounts, Finance, and Rates, Federal Power Commission. Transportation Historical Statistics ... Colonial Times to 1970 Chapter T. Distribution and Services Consultant—Thor Hultgren, University of Wisconsin Historical Statistics ... Colonial Times to 1957 Principal consultant—Thor Hultgren, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Review consultant—George R. Taylor, Amherst College Other contributor—Bureau of Public Roads * See also Appendix, p. A - l . VIII Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1970 Consultants—Louis Greenberg, Bureau of the Census, and David Schwartzman, New School for Social Research Historical Statistics Colonial Times to 1957 Principal consultants—Reavis Cox and Charles S. Goodman, University of Pennsylvania Review consultant—Harold Barger, Columbia University A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S FOR C H A P T E R CONTRIBUTIONS Chapter U. International Transactions and Foreign Commerce Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1970 Consultant—Robert E. Baldwin, University of Wisconsin Major contributor—Frances L. Hall, Bureau of International Commerce Historical Statistics . .. Colonial Times to 1957 FOREIGN TRADE Principal consultant—Herbert B. Woolley, New York University Review consultant—Douglass C. North, University of Washington BALANCE OF INTERNATIONAL PAYMENTS AND INVESTMENT POSITION Principal consultant—Nancy F. Culbertson, Office of Business Economics Review consultant—Walter S. Salant, The Brookings Institution Other contributors—Douglass C. North, University of Washington; Matthew Simon, Pace College Historical Statistics . . . 1789-19^5 Basic text and series for balance of payments supplied by International Economics Division, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce. Material on foreign trade prepared by Bureau of the Census staff. Chapter V. Business Enterprise COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS, AND TRADEMARKS Principal consultant—Jacob Schmookler, University of Minnesota Review consultant—Fritz Machlup, The Johns Hopkins University Other contributor—P. J. Federico, Patent Office RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Principal consultant—Kathryn S. Arnow, National Science Foundation Review consultant—Irving H. Siegel, Council of Economic Advisers Chapter X. Financial Markets and Institutions Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1970 FLOW OF FUNDS; NET PUBLIC AND PRIVATE DEBT; MONEY SUPPLY AND GOLD; INTEREST RATES AND SECURITY MARKETS; BANKING; NONBANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Consultant—Stephen P. Taylor, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Major contributor—Anna J. Schwartz, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. INSURANCE Consultant—C. Arthur Williams, Jr., University of Minnesota Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1957 Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1970 Consultants—Martin Gainsbrugh and Bernard Gelb, The Conference Board, Inc. Major contributors—Lloyd K. Gilmour, Internal Revenue Service; Ralph L. Nelson, Queens College Historical Statistics . .. Colonial Times to 1957 BANKING; MONEY SUPPLY AND GOLD; MONEY RATES AND SECURITY MARKETS; CREDIT AND OTHER FINANCE Principal consultants—Susan S. Burr and Caroline H. Cagle, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Review consultant—Milton Friedman, The University of Chicago Other contributor—Clark Warburton, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation BUSINESS POPULATION Principal consultant—Morris A. Adelman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Review consultant—Irwin Friend, University of Pennsylvania PRIVATE INSURANCE Principal consultant—Albert I. Hermalin, Institute of Life Insurance Review consultant—James J. O'Leary, Life Insurance Association of America CORPORATE ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND INCOME Principal consultant—Sergei P. Dobrovolsky, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Review consultant—Irwin Friend, University of Pennsylvania Chapter W. Productivity and Technological Development Historical Statistics . . . 1789-19U5 Data reviewed and basic text supplied by Division of Research and Statistics, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Chapter Y. Government Historical Statistics . .. Colonial Times to 1970 PRODUCTIVITY INDEXES Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1970 ELECTIONS AND POLITICS Consultants—Jerome A. Mark, Bureau of Labor Statistics; John W. Kendrick, George Washington University Major contributors—Charles W . Ardolini, Bureau of Labor Statistics; Daniel Creamer, The Conference Board, Inc. Consultant—Richard M . Scammon, Elections Research Center Major contributor—Walter Dean Burnham, Massachusetts Institute of Technology COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS, AND TRADEMARKS GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT AND FINANCES Consultant—Fritz Machlup, Princeton University RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Consultant—Daniel J. Kevles, California Institute of Technology Major contributor—Thomas J. Mills, National Science Foundation Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1957 PRODUCTIVITY INDEXES Principal consultant—Leon Greenberg, Bureau of Labor Statistics Review consultant—John W. Kendrick, George Washington University Other contributors—Robert T. Adams and Julian Frechtman, Bureau of Labor Statistics Consultant—Murray L. Weidenbaum, Washington University Major contributors—Thomas J. Cuny and Carey P. Modlin, Office of Management and Budget; M . Lynden Mannen, Governments Division, Bureau of the Census ARMED FORCES AND VETERANS Consultant—James L. Clayton, University of Utah Major contributor—Howard J. Sharon, Veterans Administration Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1957 ELECTIONS AND POLITICS Principal consultant—Richard M . Scammon, Governmental Affairs Institute Review consultant—V. O. Key, Harvard University IX ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOR CHAPTER CONTRIBUTIONS GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT AND FINANCES Principal consultants—Jacob M. Jaffe, Bureau of the Census; James M. Jarrett, Internal Revenue Service; I. M. Labovitz, Library of Congress; and Flora M. Nicholson, Civil Service Commission Review consultant—I. M. Labovitz, Library of Congress Other contributors—Paul B. Trescott, Kenyon College; Paul P. Van Riper, Cornell University ARMED FORCES AND VETERANS Principal consultants—Milton C. Forster, Veterans Administration; Michael S. March, Bureau of the Budget Review consultant—Irving H. Siegel, Council of Economic Advisers Other contributor—Sydney M. Ratcliffe, Department of the Army Historical Statistics . . . 1789-191,5 Series and basic text on elections and State and local finance and employment were supplied by the Governments Division of the Bureau of the Census. Data on Federal Government finance were prepared in the Bureau of the Census with the cooperation of the Office of the Technical Staff, Treasury Department. X Series and basic text on copyrights, patents, and trade-marks were supplied by P. J. Federico, Examiner-in-Chief, Patent Office, Department of Commerce. Chapter Z. Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics Historical Statistics .. . Colonial Times to 1970 Consultants—Lawrence A. Harper, University of California; Robert C. Klove, Bureau of the Census Major contributors—Jacob M. Price, University of Michigan; Stella H. Sutherland, Due West, South Carolina Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1957 Principal consultant—Lawrence A. Harper, University of California Review consultant—Richard B. Morris, Columbia University Other contributors—Robert E. Gallman, Ohio State University; Jacob M. Price, University of Michigan; Stella H. Sutherland, Oakland City College, Indiana Introduction This volume is the third in the Historical Statistics series issued by the Bureau of the Census as a supplement to the annual Statistical Abstract of the United States. Statistics are a valuable adjunct to historical analysis. They often clarify and enrich qualitative history and on occasion become important parts of a historical record on their own. However, users of historical data are faced with the paradox of over-abundance and scarcity. A burdensome multiplicity of sources has frequently to be consulted in order to reconstruct one quantitative aspect of a particular subject. Just as often, users are confronted by a discouraging barrenness of data, discoverable only after much costly work and delay. The objective of the Historical Statistics volumes is to provide a convenient reference source which has two functions, collecting and referring. The collecting function consists of assembling, selecting, and arranging data from hundreds of sources and making them available within a single source. The referring function consists of text annotations to the data which act as a guide to sources of greater detail. The annotations also define terms used in the tables and include essential qualifying statements. The first volume in this series, Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-19^5, was published in 1949. It provided a wide range of series quantifying various aspects of the development of the Nation. An interim Continuation to 1952 was issued in 1954 to provide data for 1946 to 1952 for the still-active series shown in the first volume. Limited resources confined the scope of the first volume to data most readily available, usually from governmental agency sources. Nevertheless, some 3,000 statistical time series were presented. Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957, issued in 1960, represented a substantial expansion of the data shown in the original volume. It presented more than 8,000 time series, mostly annual, on a greater variety of subjects and for longer time periods. The statistics were also more fully annotated and more precise references to original sources were provided. For a greater number of series, in addition, there were more detailed descriptions of the development and reliability of the data. A Continuation to 1962 and Revisions was issued in 1965, presenting revisions of data in the basic volume and extensions to 1962 of the more than 6,000 series still current at that time. Each of the first two volumes was prepared with the cooperation of the Social Science Research Council, the guidance of a distinguished Advisory Committee, and the assistance of numerous scholars, research analysts, and particular subject specialists. A description tracing the development of the first two editions appears below under "Origin of Historical Statistics of the United States." During the latter 1960's, the supply of copies of Historical Statistics . . . to 1957 available for sale from the U.S. Superintendent of D o c uments was exhausted. The edition had already been through a cycle of five printings and a question was raised concerning the advisability of further printings in the light of a possible new edition. The question was timely. Experience with the first two editions and their Continuation supplements had shown that a new edition was desirable at 10 to 12 year intervals. The Continuation supplements were at best handy stopgaps for researchers, a serviceable minimum seriously lacking in documentation. As each year lengthened the interval between editions, the "convenience" value of both the Continuation to 1962 and its parent Historical Statistics . . . to 1957 diminished. More and more time series were revised in part or entirely replaced. Further, the task for the user of updating the still active, unrevised, series became more burdensome despite the special efforts of the an- nual Statistical Abstract to maintain a direct linkage to as many historical series as possible in its current tables. As a result, a decision was made in 1969 to begin preparation of a new edition. The plans for the new edition immediately encountered the problem of funding and resources. It was clearly impractical at that time, given the available resources, to consider undertaking a fullfledged new edition of Historical Statistics. The determination to make a start, however, was very strong and more modest objectives were adopted. In effect, the early plans for the present edition proposed that it comprise little more than: (1) An extension to 1970 of those series for which current data were available; (2) revisions of data which had occurred since issuance of the Continuation to 1962; and (3) a reprinting of those series in Historical Statistics . . . to 1957 which had not been affected by either updating or revisions. N o time span was specifically set down to complete the work because there was a clear understanding that it was a part-time staff project. Two other aspects of this plan differed considerably from the procedures followed for the last edition. For that edition, a large number of consultants were enlisted for their expertise in assembling and developing new time series, reviewing and adjusting old time series, and providing explanatory and bibliographic notes for both. Although most of these consultants, especially those in Federal agencies, contributed their own and their agencies services without compensation, many were compensated from funds provided by the Ford Foundation (by arrangement through the Social Science Research Council). For the new edition, given the limited resources, consultants' contributions were recruited on a public service basis entirely. Partly for the same reason, it was decided not to revive the collaboration of the Census Bureau with the Social Science Research Council which had proved so highly effective for the first two Historical Statistics editions. Even more convincing for the Bureau decision to undertake the project alone was the solidity of the base which those editions now provided for the next edition. Seeking such collaboration again seemed unwarranted in the light of the modest objectives outlined above. As the work slowly progressed and as the many consultants and contributors gave generously of their knowledge and talent, it became clear that our objectives were too restrictive; that our contemplated mere updating would, if adhered to, have to ignore a large accumulation of new time series which were either ineligible for the last edition (at that time they covered a period of less than 20 years) or had not been discovered or properly developed prior to that edition. The gradual accretion of new material plus the additions to old material substantially changed the planned scope of the present edition. What follows are some measures of the changes in content introduced in the present edition. All of the broad subject fields shown as separate chapters in the last edition are included in this edition and follow the same sequence. Within some of the chapters, however, chapter segments have been regrouped into new subchapters (as in chapters K and X ) and in others, the sequence of the subchapters has been changed (as in chapters H, Q, and U) to achieve minor improvements in the juxtaposition of subjects. In two chapters, two entirely new subchapters have been added: "Input-Output Structure of the U.S. Economy" to chapter F and "Flow of Funds" to chapter X . The present edition presents more than 12,500 time series, a 50percent increase over the last edition. Every chapter has undergone some expansion with respect to new time series. Chapter F, national income and wealth, and chapter H, social statistics, doubled in num- XI INTRODUCTION ber of series; the former from 345 to 723 and the latter from 543 to 1,170. The increase in chapter F was largely due to newly-added data for economic growth rates, greater detail than was previously shown for national and personal income, and data showing valuation of capital stocks. Unsurprisingly, the largest increase in series occurred in chapter H where the data for social insurance and welfare, education, and crime and correction reflect the great public attention given to these subjects in recent decades. Almost equally large increases took place for chapter K , agriculture, and chapter X , financial markets and institutions (formerly banking and finance); chapter K from 328 series to 623; chapter X from 480 to 962. Partly to accommodate the increase in series, chapter K has been subdivided into 4 parts. Most of the new series in chapter K relate to farm population and farm-operator characteristics, farm marketings, government payments and price supports, and a number of new measures of farm productivity. For chapter X , the bulk of the increase in series is in the new flow-of-funds subchapter. Several chapters now include for the first time a number of data series below the national level. In all, there are 13 new tables (comprising 484 series) in this category, 9 of which present data for the individual States and 4 for either regions (e.g. the South or the West) or the smaller geographic divisions (e.g. New England, South Atlantic). Perhaps of special interest among these tables are the series on population characteristics and land area for each State (A 195-263), those on selected items for farms and farm population by State (K 17-81), those on voter participation in presidential elections by State (Y 27-78), and those on population censuses taken in the colonies and States during the colonial and pre-Federal period (Z 24-132). In addition, each of 4 chapters (D, G, Q, and Z) includes at least 200 or more new series and each of 10 chapters (A, B, L, N, P, S, T, U, V, and Y ) includes 100 or more. A summary of selected new series included in each chapter is shown on p. X V . One other important change is the reinstatement of a time period index (see p. A - 4 ) which first appeared in Historical Statistics. .., 1789 to 191f5. The index enables users to identify quickly which time series (or statistics for particular subjects) begin in the specified 10- or 20-year time segment (e.g. 1800-1819, 1820-1839). As a result of the complete review and updating of the contents of the last edition of Historical Statistics, many changes, apart from the entirely new series, have occurred in both the tables, the descriptive text, and the bibliographic notes. Most of the changes are due to revisions and corrections made during the interval between the last and present editions by the sources of the data affected. Where users of both editions become aware of discrepancies in what purport to be identical sets of data, it is safe to assume that the figures, descriptive text, and notes in the present edition supersede those in the last edition. With rare exception, all of the series shown in the last edition are also included here. 76 series were omitted. They were primarily discontinued series replaced on recommendations of consultants by other series of a similar kind or were considered of marginal importance or relatively weak in other respects. In one or two instances, space was also a factor. Bureau of the Census plans to prepare an historical supplement to the Statistical Abstract of the United States. The formal decision in 1945 by the Bureau of the Census to compile and publish such a volume led to the reconstitution of the joint committee, which then became the Social Science Research Council Committee on the Source Book of Historical Statistics, Advisory to the Bureau of the Census. After' the first edition was issued in June 1949, the Economic History Association, in response to a request from the Bureau of the Census, appointed an advisory committee in September 1950 to evaluate the volume and to make specific recommendations affecting the question of its revision. This committee, formally designated as the Committee of the Economic History Association on the Revision of Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-19^5, was under the chairmanship of G. Heberton Evans, Jr., The Johns Hopkins University, and included the following as members: Arthur H. Cole, Harvard University; Shepard Clough, Columbia University; T. C. Cochran, University of Pennsylvania, and Solomon Fabricant, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. In April 1952 the committee submitted a report to the Bureau of the Census entitled "On the Revision of Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-19U5." The conclusions and comments presented in this report were subsequently influential in getting underway the project for a revised volume. For the second edition, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957, the Bureau designated a project director who also acted as secretary of the Committee on Historical Statistics appointed by the Social Science Research Council to serve as an advisory group similar to the committee which participated in the preparation of the first edition. The Census Bureau again assumed the responsibility for publishing the volume as a part of its Statistical Abstract program. The Social Science Research Council, in turn, obtained a grant from the Ford Foundation which provided funds for the procurement of services of experts in each field. More than 125 such specialists were engaged to serve as consultants. The Council also made arrangements with some of the consultants for the preparation of bibliographic essays on statistics in selected fields, five of which were subsequently published in the Journal of the American Statistical Association. The Problem of Historical Statistics The scattered sources of historical statistics of the United States include the annual reports of the executive heads of the agencies of the Federal Government, reports of special Federal commissions, the U.S. census volumes, printed debates of the Congress, published reports of committees of the Congress and transcripts of hearings on important legislative measures, published reports and documents of the State governments, statistical publications of private research organizations and of the universities and colleges of the Nation, together with the great mass of statistical volumes printed by other private organizations and individuals. It has been noted that on occasion compilers, desiring to save the time and effort required to obtain data directly from the original sources, make use of successive issues of the annual Statistical Abstract Origin of Historical Statistics of the United States of the United States to construct long-term time series. The results of such a procedure are not always sound, since the space available in the Statistical Abstract for describing major revisions in time series The first edition, Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789191^5, was formally initiated by a recommendation in 1945 by the may not permit adequate clarification. Of the many revised figures appearing in each issue, most revisions apply to the immediate precedSocial Science Research Council that the Secretary of Commerce ing years, but revisions of much earlier years are not uncommon. consider compilation and publication by the Bureau of the Census Moreover, the revisions shown have followed no systematic pattern of a source book of economic statistics. and may be scattered irregularly over many issues. Earlier the same year, J. Frederic Dewhurst urged the development of an historical source book in a proposal to the American Statistical Impediments to the use of historical statistics, then, include the initial difficulty of determining whether the data in fact exist, of Association and the American Economic Association. A joint comidentifying the document in which the data may be found, of conmittee was named by these associations, joined by the Economic structing time series where the data may not be arranged in suitable History Association, to explore the practical problems of preparing form, and of identifying and interpreting changes in concept and such a volume. Dr. Dewhurst's proposal coincided closely with XII INTRODUCTION coverage. Definitions employed in published historical tables, moreover, may have to be sought in separate publications if, indeed, they have been published at all. Technical Notes and Explanations Arrangement of the data. Data are arranged for broad subjects in lettered chapters and for more specific and detailed subjects in numbered series within each chapter. T o facilitate reference, subject groups are organized in summary form under chapter and subchapter titles in the table of contents (p. IV). In addition, there is a detailed alphabetical subject index (p. A-10). The data are presented in conventional tabular form, each table comprising a group of subjectrelated series. Each series or tabular column is assigned a unique letter and number. The letter prefix identifies the chapter and the number represents the order of the series in the chapter. Thus the 44th series in the chapter on agriculture is designated K 44 to distinguish it from the 44th series in the chapter on transportation, Q 44. Because of possible confusion with numerals, the capital letters I and O have been omitted in identifying chapters. Source citations and descriptive text material (see below) are linked to the data series by use of the assigned series numbers. All series begin with the most recent year for which data have been obtained and run backward in time. This arrangement was selected because it lent itself to more compact, less space-consuming presentation than the alternative of beginning with the earliest year. Insofar as possible, there are uniformly placed spaces above every year ending in 0 or 5. No data are shown for years subsequent to 1970. Figures for later years for most of the current series are presented in the Statistical Abstract of the United States beginning with the 1973 edition. Basic guidelines. The guidelines adopted for this edition to aid Census Bureau staff members, subject matter consultants, and other participants with respect to selection and presentation of the data are quite similar to those of the last edition. As was the case then, however, the guidelines were not followed with complete rigidity. At times, the scope, variety, and complexity of the data involved made it necessary to modify the rules for the sake of clarity or internal consistency. The guidelines applied and the elements subject to application are discussed below. Area coverage. Except as otherwise specified, data generally represent conterminous United States or the 48 States (including the District of Columbia) prior to the admission of Alaska and Hawaii to statehood and the 50 States thereafter. Asterisks on individual tables or series indicate the first year for which the figures include Alaska and Hawaii to the extent that their inclusion could be ascertained. For some series, especially in chapter K, the notes specifying inclusion or exclusion of Alaska and Hawaii appear in the text. In some instances, the sources used for data failed to specify the area covered. Where practicable, the data were examined and the appropriate qualifications were added. Because of limitations of space, data are not generally shown for regions, States, or localities. Some exceptions were permitted, however, as noted above with respect to data for regions and States. Other exceptions were of a more specialized nature as in the following instances: Where regional statistics are helpful for correct interpretation of data, such as presentation of merchant marine statistics separately for each coast and for inland waters; where data in the subject field cannot (by definition) be summarized effectively for the United States, such as internal migration data; where summary data for a given subarea or market are indicative of general trend or level, such as prices on the New York Stock Exchange or in specified cities; where data for a given area effectively represent the national picture because of concentration of production, etc., as Pennsylvania anthracite; where data are available for only a given area as in the case of many series concerned with early American history and limited to the Atlantic seaboard. Time coverage. In general, only annual or census-period data which cover at least 20 years are presented. A major exception was made for series covering the colonial or pre-Federal period. Other exceptions were permitted where newly developed series of recent origin were the only data available to represent an important subject field or where a short series was an important extension of other longer series. The general requirements as to time coverage were specifically designed to permit inclusion of "lapsed" series, particularly those falling within the nineteenth century or extending into the early twentieth century. The lapsed series, which begin and terminate in the past, represent major fields of interest during various phases of American historical development; frequently they must be sought in out-of-print documents which are available in few libraries. The identification of time-periods was complicated by failure of some sources to state whether the data were prepared on a calendaryear or on a fiscal-year basis; by shifts in time coverage from calendar to fiscal year during the period of the series, and, in some instances, by the lack of identification of the beginning or ending date of the fiscal year. In all such cases, particularly where time shifts seemed likely to have occurred, an effort was made to identify the correct basis. Frequency of data. Annual data are given preference but certain series are presented only for years in which a national census was conducted, and, in some instances (for example, telephone and telegraph rates), only for the scattered dates for which the data are available. Where both annual figures and decennial or quinquennial benchmark or census data exist, both series are frequently shown. Series linkage. No formal attempt was made to extend a single series back through time by linking it to another series which terminated at or near the date on which the first began. In a number of instances, however, such series are presented in adjoining columns, with an overlap for a period of years, when available. Selection of data. The criteria of selection varied broadly, depending on a number of factors applicable to the subject matter involved. Generally, summary measures or one-dimensional aggregates at gross levels and immediately below were given highest priority for inclusion. Below such levels, selection was governed by the interplay of: The amount of space already devoted to a particular subject; the attempt to achieve a relatively balanced presentation among subject fields; the "uniqueness" (in the sense that other data did or did not fairly cover a particular subject) of the data; the quantity of data available; the quality of the data available; and the extent to which data might be related to and enhance the value of other data. Among less discretionary factors, both area detail (see above under area coverage) and subject detail, such as cross-classifications or data for specific commodities, were held to a minimum because of space limitations. Inevitably, there were exceptions where synthesis or summarization did serious damage to the value of a series or where it was clearly more meaningful to show series for specific commodities than a group aggregate. Presentation of absolute rather than derived data. Primary emphasis was placed on the presentation of absolute figures rather than on derived data since the absolute figures offer somewhat greater flexibility to the user. The major exception was the presentation of index numbers. In general, percentage distributions of absolute data already shown are not presented. Other percentage data, and averages, medians, ratios, and rates were used only where they resulted in a significant economy in space or where they significantly facilitated interpretation. No attempt was made to convert various series of index numbers to a base year or period other than that shown in the source. Large numbers (8 digits or more, for example) shown in the source documents have been rounded to thousands, millions, or billions for ease of use and reference only as staff resources allowed. Omissions of data, "blank" cells. The significance of dashes in tabular cells varies from series to series. In general, the presence of cell "leaders" or "dashes" indicates merely that no information was provided. Dash entries may mean that no information exists for the given year; the entry, if shown, would be zero; the information XIII INTRODUCTION was not available; or the information is believed to exist in published form but it was not practicable to do the research necessary to locate the appropriate source. The user will have to judge from the context which meaning is appropriate in each particular instance. The practices of the various sources of information differ as to the meaning of dashes in cells, the extent to which they label data as "not available," the meaning of the term "not available," the use of the zero entry, etc. In general, the policy adopted in preparing this volume was to retain "not available" notations where they appeared for intermediate years in the series; to change them to dashes where they appeared at the beginning or end of the series. Where cells were left blank in the sources, they were filled with dashes unless there was evidence that "not available" was a more appropriate entry. Since series of varying length taken from different sources are frequently found in adjoining columns in a table, the stub listings for years necessarily encompass the earliest and latest date for which any of the series in the table are shown. In itself, this tends to create many additional blank cells since missing entries have been replaced by dashes in order to make it easier for the user's eye to trace the entries for a given year across the entire table. Source citations and text. For every series shown, the text notes present the source or sources of the data. In most cases, precise publication dates and page or table numbers are given. However, where numerous issues of a certain publication were used, the source citations are usually limited to "annual issues," "various monthly issues," or similar notations. The term "unpublished data" means that the data were not in published form at the time they were obtained for use in this edition. In many cases, such data were scheduled for inclusion in forthcoming publications. Where possible the descriptive text includes definitions of concepts and terms used, and sufficient methodological and historical information to permit intelligent use of the data. For many series the text also includes reference to where more detail can be found. Unusual values in a series are explained and major changes which affect comparability are noted. Methods used for adjusted or derived figures are described, often with reference to a more complete description. Copyright material. Copyright restrictions, where applicable, are noted in source citations. Permission to quote or reprint copyright material should be obtained directly from the copyright owner. Statistical Reliability and Responsibility The contents of this volume were obtained from a large number of sources. All data from either censuses and surveys or based on estimates or administrative records are subject to error arising from a number of sources: Sampling variability (for statistics based on samples), reporting errors in the data for individual units, incomplete coverage, nonresponse, imputation, and processing error. The Bureau of the Census cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy or the limitations of data presented here, other than for those which it collects. Every attempt has been made, within the limits of time and available personnel, to verify and correctly identify the material. Final responsibility for selection of the material, and for its accurate and proper presentation, rests with the Bureau of the Census, even though carried out with the cooperation of many individuals and agencies who devoted much time and energy in providing data and descriptions of series for this publication. The information presented in this volume supersedes all similar information presented in Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957, and in Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957: Continuation to 1962 and Revisions. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON DATA PRESENTED please consult the source publications available in local libraries or write to the agency indicated in the source note in the descriptive text for the given statistical series. Write to the Bureau of the Census only if it is indicated as the source. SUGGESTIONS AND COMMENTS should be sent to: The Director Bureau of the Census Washington, D.C. 20233 XIV Summary of Selected New Series in This Edition Chapter and title Number of new Summary of selected new series A. Population 198 Urban population characteristics (A 82-90); foreign born, b y sex and race (A 105-118); population characteristics and land area, by States (A 195-263); households, by number of persons (A 335-349); inmates of institutions (A 359-371) B. 180 Fertility and birth rates, by age of mother (B 11-19); illegitimate births and rates (B 28-35); health expenditures (B 221-261); hospital use rates, expenses, personnel, and insurance coverage (B 381-422) C. Vital Statistics and Health and Medical Care Migration 36 Aliens naturalized (C 162-167); passenger arrivals and departures (C 296-331) 227 Working women (D 49-74); unemployment rates (D 87-115); employee output (D 683-704); employee earnings (D 705-786); union membership and work stoppages (D 927-939, D 986-1021) 22 G N P implicit price deflators (E 1-22) 362 G N P growth rates and per capita (F 10-31); G N P summary and by type of industry (F 32-46), F 130162); national and personal income (F 163-209, F 250-348); national tangible assets (F 349-376); value and age of capital stocks (F 470534) G. Consumer Income and Expenditures 292 Distribution of families and persons, by money income levels (G 1-268); nutritive value of city diets (G 857865); food used at home (G 866-880) H. Social Statistics 675 D. Labor E. Prices F. National Income and Wealth J. Land, Water, and Climate K. Agriculture Employee benefit plans (H 70-114) OASDHI (social security) coverage benefits, and trust fund (H 186-259) Civil Service retirement (H 260-270) private philanthropy (H 398-411) schools and school enrollment (H 418-432, H 442-522); school retention rates (H 587-597); income, by years of school completed (H 648663); illiteracy (H 669-688); doctorates, by field (H 766-787); foreign travel, passports issued, and foreign visitors to U.S. (H 894-951); crimes and crime rates (H 952-961); homicides and suicides (H 971-986); criminal justice expenditures (H 1012-1027); lawyers (H 1028-1062); courts (H 1063-1124) 15 Indian lands (J 16-19); tornadoes, floods, and cyclones (J 268-278) 315 Farm population, land in farms, farm property, farm products sold (K 1 81); farm operator characteristics (K 82-108); balance sheet of farming and value of gross farm product (K 204-239); farm income and farm marketings (K 256-343); farm productivity (K 407-495) Chapter and title L. Forestry and Fisheries Number of new series Summary of selected new series 153 Forest products production, imports, exports, and consumption (L 56-71, L 87-97, L 138-165, L 178-198); fishery imports and exports (L 224235); value of landed fish catches (L 244-253); prices received by fishermen (L 321-337) 26 Employment and man-hours in mineral industries (M 287-306) N. Construction and Housing 120 Wholesale price indexes for construction materials (N 140-155); new publicly-owned housing starts (N 171-179); value and mean age of stocks of residential structures (N 200-231); housing vacancy rates (N 246-258) P. 132 General statistics (P 58-67); horsepower of power equipment (P 68-73); shipments, inventories, and orders (P 74-92); corporation sales, profits, and equity (P 93-106); shares of largest companies (P 177-204); consumption of selected commodities (P 216230) 240 Intercity passenger traffic (Q 1 - 1 1 ) ; revenues and employment, by type of transport (Q 23-46); intercity motor carriers (Q 69-81); long-term public highway debt (Q 136-147); motor vehicle insurance, ownership, and financing (Q 163-186); motor vehicle speed, miles of travel, and accidents (Q 187-232); merchant vessels built, repaired, launched, and active (Q 438-480, Q 487-502) 53 Cable T V (R 98-101); radio and T V finances (R 113-120, R 130-137); new books published (R 195-217); newsprint consumption (R 218-223) M . Minerals Manufactures Q. Transportation R. Communications S. Energy 124 Consumption of raw materials and fuel resources (S 15-31); privatelyowned electric utility generating plants and balance sheet and income items (S 58-73, S 133-146); R E A summary of operations (S 147-159); waterpower (S 160-175); natural gas consumption and gas utility industry (S 178-218) T. Distribution and Services 100 Annual earnings of full-time employees (T 29-42); legal form of organization of industries (T 43-57); merchant wholesalers sales and stocks (T 375-383); index of national advertising expenditures (T 472-484) U. International Transactions and Foreign Commerce 155 Value of direct foreign investment in U.S. (U 47-74); U.S. Government foreign grants and credits (U 75-186); exports and imports, by broad enduse class (U 249-263) V. 115 Number of firms, by type of ownership (V 1 - 1 2 ) ; income of unincorporated firms (V 66-77); manufacturing and trade sales and inventories (V 78-107); gross product and unit costs of nonfinancial corporations Business Enterprise XV INTRODUCTION Summary of Selected New Series in This Edition—Con. Chapter and title Number of new series Summary of selected new series (V 141-166); business expenditures for new plant and equipment (V 306332) W. Productivity and Technological Development X. Financial Markets and Institutions XVI 60 Indexes of output per man-hour and per employed person (W 22-29); funds for research and development (W 109-125, W 161-167); employment of natural scientists and engineers (W 168-180) 517 Flow of funds (X 1-392); sales of stocks and bonds on registered exchanges (X 517-530); savings and other time deposits, by institution (X 687-697); assets and liabilities of mutual savings banks and savings and loan associations (X 821-844); selected items of property-liability insurance (X 918-932); stock and mutual insurance companies (X 933956) Chapter and title Number of new series Summary of selected new series Y. Government 158 Voter participation in presidential elections (Y 28-78); costs of presidential elections (Y 187-188); congressional bills vetoed (Y 199-203); Federal Government full-time civilian employment (Y 318-331); Federal grants to State and local governments (Y 638-651); selective service registrants (Y 917-926); defendants charged with violation of selective service acts (Y 927-942) Z. Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics 200 Population censuses taken in the colonies and States (Z 24-132); components of private wealth for the thirteen colonies (Z 169-191); exports to and imports from Scotland, by colonies and States (Z 227-244); commodity imports and exports, shipping earnings, and value of slaves imported (Z 286-290); vessels built in colonies and West Florida (Z 510-529) Part 2 Chapter N—Chapter Z For Chapter A—Chapter M, see Part 1 Chapter N Construction and Housing Construction (Series N 1-155) N 1-60. General note. On July 1, 1959, full responsibility for compiling and publishing value-in-place estimates for new construction was placed in the U.S. Department of Commerce. Prior to that date, the U.S. Department of Labor was responsible for the estimates of value of private housekeeping residential construction and of all public construction, and the U.S. Department of Commerce was responsible for the estimates of all other new construction, of maintenance and repair expenditures, and of expenditures in constant prices for all types of construction. Specific definitions of the terms used here and discussion of sources and methodology are given in the source publications. New construction includes the complete, original erection of structures and essential service facilities, as well as major additions and alterations. It does not include mobile structures, special purpose equipment (e.g. steam tables in restaurants, printing presses, refrigerators and dishwashers, church pews, etc.), demolition of structures if not part of a construction contract, oil and gas well drilling, digging and shoring of mines, and farming operations such as plowing, terracing, or digging of drainage ditches. The value of construction put in place is a measure of the value of construction installed or erected at the site during a given period. For an individual project, this includes the cost of material installed or erected, the cost of labor performed (both by the contractors and by force account employees) and a proportionate share of the cost of construction equipment used, the contractor's profit, the project owner's overhead costs, the cost of architectural and engineering work, and miscellaneous costs chargeable to the project on the owner's books. The total value in place for a given period is the sum of the value put in place on all projects underway during this period, regardless of when work on each individual project was started or when payment was made to the contractors. The estimates do not always conform completely to the value-inplace concept. For some categories, the published estimates represent payments made during a period rather than the value of work actually done during that period. For other categories, the estimates are derived by distributing the total construction cost of the project in accordance with fixed construction progress patterns. Estimates of the value of new construction by States are available only for 1939-1952 in Department of Commerce, Construction and Building Materials, Statistical Supplement, " N e w Construction by Regions and States, 1939-1952." Significant revisions in basic data were made for all or part of the period beginning in 1960 in four categories: New private housing units, private nonresidential buildings, farm construction, and privately owned public utilities. These revisions are noted in the text for those series. The estimates for other series have only small revisions made necessary by the incorporation of newly available basic data. Except as indicated in footnotes, all these series are essentially comparable back to 1946, as the result of revisions made in 1964 to establish historical comparability. For series N 1-29, two sets of data are given for 1946 in order to show comparability also between 1946 and earlier years. For a description of the revisions beginning with 1946, see Bureau of the Census, Construction Reports, series C 30-61 Supplement, October 1964. 610 N 1-29. Value of new private and public construction put in place, 1915-1970. Source: 1915-1957 (except as indicated in footnote 9), U.S. Business and Defense Services Administration, Construction Statistics, 1915-1964, a supplement to Construction Review, January 1966, pp. 2-7. 1958-1970, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Construction Reports, series C 30-74-5, pp. 8 and 9, and unpublished data. N 1-3, total new, total new private, and total new private residential construction. Series N 1 is the sum of series N 2 and N 19; series N 2 is the sum of series N 3, N 7, N 11, N 12, and N 18; series N 3 is the sum of series N 4 - 6 . N 4, new housing units. This series covers all new houses and apartments, including housing at all levels of value and quality, such as prefabricated units, shell houses, basement (or capped) houses, and houses built of used materials. The estimates for 1941-1970 are based on monthly reports of the value of new housing units authorized by local building permits and on monthly field surveys in a sample of areas not issuing building permits. Values in building permit reports are adjusted to reflect the construction cost of housing units in all permit-issuing places, reporting and nonreporting, to compensate for the typical understatement of costs in permits, and to allow for lapses of permits. The permit and nonpermit segments are then combined and further adjustments are made to cover architect and engineering fees and site development costs not covered elsewhere. An expenditure pattern is developed for these adjusted estimates of total costs to estimate the amount of work put in place in the months following start of construction. Beginning 1960, this series was revised to incorporate the results of new procedures and to include farm housing, which was previously included in the farm series. In this volume, series N 4 includes, and series N i l excludes, farm housing (shown separately in the first source cited) for all years except 1958 and 1959. For 1921-1940, the data are based mainly on the value of permits issued during each year, with rough adjustments for nonreporting permit areas and nonpermit areas and for the other items mentioned above. Only slight adjustment is made for year-to-year differences in the amount of carryover of expenditures for units started near the end of the year. The estimates for 1915-1920 are projected back from the 1921-1922 average by using link relatives indicated b y year-to-year changes in the value of residential building contracts awarded as reported by the F. W. Dodge Corporation. Residential construction expenditures for new 1 unit- and 2 or more unit-structures are presented in Construction Reports, series C 30, beginning with data for 1960. For a rough segregation of residential construction expenditures into 1 - to 4-family housing and multifamily housing, see Raymond W. Goldsmith, A Study of Saving in the United States, vol. I, Princeton University Press, 1955, table R-28. Series N 4 excludes group quarters, transient accommodations, residential units in buildings which are primarily nonresidential, new units provided b y conversion of residential or nonresidential space to additional housing units, mobile homes, house trailers, and houseboats. N 5, residential additions and alterations. This series includes all remodeling of or additions to housing units subsequent to their original completion, the construction of additional housing units in existing residential structures, the finishing of basements or attics, and CONSTRUCTION the modernization of kitchens, bathrooms, etc. Work representing normal maintenance and repair is not included. Private residential construction is the only type of construction activity for which the source publishes estimates of additions and alterations separately, and the data cover housekeeping structures only. For a discussion of the problems of estimating dependable data on residential additions and alterations, particularly prior to 1960, see Marvin Wilkerson, "Revised Estimates of Residential Additions and Alterations, 1945-56," Construction Review, June 1957. N 6, nonhousekeeping residential buildings. These include fixed structures providing residential facilities other than housekeeping units, such as hotels (other than apartment hotels), motels, dormitories, nurses' homes, etc. The sources and estimating procedures are the same as those for private nonresidential building. Revised data were introduced for 1968 through 1970. They were obtained from the Bureau of the Census' newly introduced Progress Reporting Survey for the 13 Western States, and 37 Eastern States which accounts for an average of about 23 percent of this series. See also text for series N 7-10 and series N 78-100. N 7-10, new private nonresidential buildings. Estimates are based on monthly records of the value of contract awards in the District of Columbia and the 37 States east of the Rocky Mountains, as compiled by the F. W. Dodge Division of the McGraw-Hill Information Systems Company (see text for series N 78-100). These were adjusted for undercoverage, cancellations, and duplication of construction reported by public utilities. Prior to 1968, data for the 13 Western States were derived by applying an adjustment factor to the data for the Eastern States. Beginning 1968, the series are based not only on the previously used survey data for the 37 Eastern States but also on the results of the new survey covering the 13 Western States (see text for series N 6). The net effect of the new procedure was to lower the estimates for total new private nonresidential building construction for 1968 by 3.4 percent in comparison to the old method. In order to maintain a continuous series, the estimates for total private nonresidential building were adjusted. The previously published totals were reduced starting in 1965 and continuing through 1967, i.e., 0.1 percent decrease in March 1965, 0.2 percent in April, etc. down to the 3.4 percent decrease in December 1967. A corresponding adjustment could not be made by type of construction for those years. Also beginning 1968, the classification system for new projects was revised from a building basis, i.e., the classification of the building itself, to an establishment basis, i.e., classification based upon the classification of the establishment at which the construction is taking place or classification of the entire project of which the individual building or subproject is part. For example, under the new classification, a cafeteria building at a hospital is classified under hospital and institutional; under the previous classification, following an adjustment in the data, it would have been classified as commercial. Through June 1962, the adjusted value of monthly contract awards is converted to monthly estimates of expenditures on the assumption that all projects are started in the month following the contract award and on the basis of an expenditure pattern over subsequent months. Beginning July 1962 (January 1968 in the 13 Western States), monthly estimates of expenditures are derived from a monthly survey of construction progress. N 11, farm construction, nonresidential. This series includes buildings and structures such as barns, storage houses, smoke houses, wells, fences, etc., which are constructed on places classified as farms. Annual estimates of total expenditures on farm buildings are prepared by the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They are based chiefly on data from sample surveys of construction expenditures of farm operators for 1934-1937, 1939, 1946, 1949, 1955, and 1971. Estimates for other years are made by interpolation and extrapolation, based in part on inferences from relevant data reported in Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, and in part on regression analyses of selected series of farm income and construction expenditures for past benchmark years. N 12, total, privately sum of series N 13-17. from the incorporation of 1969 and from revision of N 111-131 owned public utilities. This series is the Recent revisions for public utilities result late basic data for the years 1967 through estimating procedures in 1970. N 13, railroad. Railroad estimates are based on an annual summary of construction expenditures prepared by the Interstate Commerce Commission from reports by all Class I railroads which account for over 95 percent of all railroad expenditures. These data are adjusted to include estimates for Class II railroads based on ICC data on railroad investment in roads and equipment. Prior to 1955, local transit estimates of capital and maintenance expenditures were included from the annual Transit Fact Book of the American Transit Association. Outlays by municipally owned transit companies were deducted from these expenditures. The estimates for 1955-1958 are projections based on an assumed gradual decline in expenditure from the 1954 level to zero in 1959. For both railroads and local transit, the estimates for 1915-1921 are extrapolations based on miles of track added or rebuilt. N 14, petroleum pipeline. Capital expenditures on pipelines for 1919-1970 were obtained from reports filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission. Adjustment was made for the purchase of existing lines and for expenditures by companies not required to file information with the Commission on the basis of data on gross capital investment compiled by the Chase Manhattan Bank. Only rough estimates by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce are available for 1915-1918. N 15, electric light and power. Annual estimates are based on reports to the Federal Power Commission by privately owned electric companies and on data reported to the Rural Electrification Administration by REA cooperative companies. For 1937-1970, annual additions to electric plants reported to the Federal Power Commission were adjusted to include small companies not reporting and to allow for work in progress and existing property purchased. For 1921-1936, data from the Edison Electric Institute were used. For 1915-1920, the data are based on an estimated year-by-year distribution of the 5-year increments in plant and equipment derived from data reported in the Census of Electrical Industries for 1912, 1917, and 1922. N 16, gas. Annual estimates are based on reports to the Federal Power Commission and data compiled by the American Gas Association. For 1929-1970, annual data published by the American Gas Association were adjusted to eliminate equipment expenditures. For 1915-1928, estimates were obtained by extrapolation on the basis of year-to-year changes in the fixed capital accounts of 50 large gas companies. N 17, telephone and telegraph. Estimated construction expenditures of the telephone industry for 1915-1970 were obtained from the American Telephone and Telegraph Co.; they include expenditures for Bell System companies and estimates for independent companies. Construction expenditures of the telegraph industry were derived from capital expenditures reported by the Western Union Telegraph Co. for 1927-1970 and by the Postal Telegraph and Cable Co. for 1919-1943. Extrapolation back to 1915 was made on the basis of annual increments in the value of plant and equipment. N 18, all other private construction. This series includes unclassified items such as private dams and reservoirs not constructed by public utility companies, sewer and water installations, roads, bridges, parks and playgrounds, and airfields. N 19, total new public construction. This series is the sum of series N 20-21 and N 25-29. The distinction between private and public construction is made on the basis of ownership rather than source of funds. Some types of private institutional construction involve Federal, State, or local aids to projects built by nonprofit organizations. To this extent, the public construction estimates do not account for all public expenditures for new construction. N 20, public residential construction. The estimates are based on reports of the Public Housing Administration, the New York City 611 N 118-137 CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING Housing Authority, and other State and local agencies. They include direct Federal construction during World War I, the depression of the 1930's, and the defense and World War II periods (1940's); the Federal low-rent public housing program initiated in 1937 and executed by State and local agencies with Federal loans and grants; similar programs executed by State and local agencies without Federal aid; and the Veterans Temporary Re-Use Housing Program of the Federal Government initiated in 1945 and terminated in 1950. For the number of housing units under the major programs, see series N 180-191. Most of the estimates for federally owned construction are based on monthly reports from Federal bureaus and agencies administering residential construction programs. In a few instances, they are based on information presented in the Federal budget documents. For State and local residential construction prior to 1963, the estimates are based on contract award data compiled from various sources, such as the F. W. Dodge Corporation, the Public Housing Administration, regional offices of the Housing and Home Finance Agency, and State and local agencies responsible for construction of public housing. For 1963-1968, the estimates are based on quarterly expenditures data obtained by the Census Bureau in its quarterly survey of construction expenditures of State and local governments. Beginning 1968, they are based on monthly data on new construction expenditures of State and local governments collected by the Census Bureau in a monthly survey inaugurated with reports for October 1968. N 21-24, public nonresidential buildings. Series N 21 is the sum of series N 22-24. For Federal construction and State and local projects under Federal-aid programs, the estimates are based on reports of Federal agencies since 1941. For prior years, and for public construction other than Federal or Federal-aid projects prior to 1963, they were derived from the compilations of contract awards by the F. W. Dodge Corporation, adjusted as explained in the text for series N 7-10. For years beginning 1963, see text for series N 20. N 25, military facilities. This series covers certain construction owned by the Department of Defense, such as troop housing, administration and training buildings, warehouses, mess halls, recreation centers, educational facilities, airfields and airport buildings, missile sites, etc. It also covers construction of Coast Guard facilities. Estimates for 1940-1970 are based on monthly reports by the Department of Defense. Navy Department construction expenditures for 1915-1936 were derived from special tabulations of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts. Expenditures of the Navy for 1937-1939 and the War Department for 1915-1939 are based upon expenditures shown in various issues of Bureau of the Budget, Budget of the United States Government. N 26, highways, roads, and streets. This series includes streets, bridges, vehicular tunnels, viaducts, and forest and park roads owned by Federal agencies other than the Department of Defense. It also includes the following items if built in connection with a Federal road: Culverts, right-of-way drainage, erosion control, lighting, guard rails, and earthwork protective structures. For 1921-1962, estimates for State-administered highways are based on annual reports of the Bureau of Public Roads adjusted to include expenditures by county, municipal, and other local bodies. The adjustments are based upon ratios developed from the analysis of total highway construction and State highway construction. For years beginning 1963, see text for series N 20. Estimates for 19151919 were derived from the 1920 Yearbook of Agriculture. The 1920 estimates were obtained by straight line interpolation. N 27, sewer and water systems. For 1915-1942, estimates are based upon data published annually in Bureau of the Census, Financial Statistics of Cities. Using the expenditure patterns of the city-size groups reporting, expenditure ratios were derived for the smaller municipalities and rural incorporated areas. For 1943-1962, estimates are based upon contracts awarded as reported by the F. W. Dodge Corporation with adjustments for undercoverage. For years beginning 1963, see text for series N 20. 612 N 28, conservation and development. For 1915-1942, expenditures for reclamation, improvement of rivers and harbors, and flood control work were derived from annual reports of the Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Reclamation. The fiscal-year basis of the reports was converted to calendar year by taking one-half of the figure for each fiscal year included within that calendar year. For 1943-1970, estimates are based upon project reports furnished by the same two agencies. Tennessee Valley Authority expenditures are available in its annual reports. For Bureau of Indian Affairs, Forest Service, National Park Service, Soil Conservation Service, Bonneville Power Administration, Office of Saline Water, Southwestern Power Administration, International Boundary and Water Commission, and St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, expenditures were derived from special tabulations prepared by those agencies and from the Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government. The estimates, with minor exceptions for earlier years, refer only to expenditures by the Federal Government. State and local government expenditures for this type of construction are included in "All other public," series N 29. N 29, all other public construction. This series combines "miscellaneous public service enterprises" and "all other public construction" shown separately in the source. Construction expenditures by Federal agencies not included in other series are, for the most part, based on monthly or quarterly reports of the agencies or, in cases of minor or occasional construction work, derived from fiscal-year data in the Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government. Outlays for municipal public service enterprises prior to 1963 were obtained directly from the municipalities or estimated from information reported in Bureau of the Census, Financial Statistics of Cities. Miscellaneous public construction estimates prior to 1963, other than those of the Federal Government, were derived primarily from reports of contracts awarded, compiled by the F. W. Dodge Corporation, from the Engineering News-Record, and from other publications reporting contract awards. For years beginning 1963, see text for series N 20. N 30-60. Value of new private and public construction put in place, 1957-59 dollars, 1915-1970. Source: 1915-1959, see first source for series N 1-29, pp. 8-12. 1960-1970, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Construction Reports, series C 30, various issues. Measurement of construction expenditures in constant prices is an indirect way of approximating changes in the physical volume of construction. These estimates are based on a deflation of each type of construction by an appropriate construction cost index. For a description of the cost indexes used for each type of construction, see the source publication. These series, revised back to 1947 on a 1967 constant dollar base, are scheduled for issuance in 1975. Beginning 1946, data are not entirely comparable with those for earlier years; see text for series N 1-29. N 61. Construction expenditures for maintenance and repair, 19151963. Source: See first source for series N 1-29. The estimates are, in general, much less reliable than those for new construction and, to judge from past revisions and occasional partial surveys, probably understate actual expenditures. Estimates of nonfarm residential building for 1947-1963 are based on the annual Survey of Consumer Finances of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the consumer expenditure survey for 1950 by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and a 1950 survey of outlays of owners of tenant-occupied dwelling units by the Office of the Housing Expediter (conducted for purposes of rent control). Data for earlier years are based on estimates of the value of all residen- CONSTRUCTION tial properties and on ratios of maintenance and repair expenditures to value. These ratios were derived from various studies, such as surveys of consumer purchases by the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Labor, and wartime surveys made for purposes of rent control. Estimates for nonresidential building are based on corporate income tax returns covering manufacturing activities; cost analyses for office buildings in the National Association of Building Owners and Managers, Experience Exchange Reports; and reports by State school agencies to the Office of Education. Other maintenance expenditures were estimated from the same sources used for the new construction figures. See text for series N 11-18 and N 21-29. The source also presents maintenance and repair expenditures for major classes of construction. Beginning 1964, maintenance and repair expenditures are available for residential construction only; see Bureau of the Census Residential Alterations and Repairs, series C 50. N 62-65. Expenditures for private nonfarm residential building, 1889-1921. Source: Robert E. Lipsey and Doris Preston, Source Book of Statistics Relating to Construction, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), New York, 1966, pp. 35-38 (copyright). New housekeeping units data, series N 62-63, are from David M. Blank, The Volume of Residential Construction, 1889-1950, Technical Paper 9, NBER, 1954, table 18. Blank's estimates were intended primarily to extend the official current dollar series (see series N 4), which begins in 1915, to earlier years. Blank presented his data for 1915-1920 as an improvement over the official series, and accepted the official series beginning 1921. Although Blank's estimating procedure was, in general, the same as that used for series N 4, more comprehensive source material and more refined techniques were used for the Blank estimates. Blank estimated the permit value of new construction from Bureau of Labor Statistics-Works Progress Administration permit data by the same methods used in the Bureau of the Census Construction Reports (C 20), except that the calculation for all nonfarm housing units had to take account of the fact that rural nonfarm units had lower average values than urban nonfarm units. The permit valuations were then increased to allow for undervaluation of construction costs and to cover architects' and engineers' fees, land development costs, and builders' profit margins on construction operations. They were then converted to a construction-put-in-place basis, by extending the carryover of construction from one year to the next. The constant dollar series was derived by deflating the current dollar data by a construction cost index developed by Blank. The index for 1910-1921 is based on the Boeckh index of residential construction. Earlier years are extrapolated by indexes of building-trade wage rates and building materials prices. Data for additions and alterations to housekeeping units, series N 64-65, are from Leo Grebler, David M. Blank, and Louis Winnick, Capital Formation in Residential Real Estate: Trends and Prospects, N B E R , 1956, pp. 40-52, 336, and 362. Additions and alterations are defined as in the Commerce series (see series N 61). Official Commerce estimates were carried back from 1921 by a crude graphic extrapolation using the movement of housekeeping construction expenditures but reducing the amplitude of fluctuation. N 66-69. Value of new public construction put in place, by ownership and source of funds, 1915-1970. Source: 1915-1946 (comparable with earlier years), U.S. Departments of Labor and Commerce, "Construction Volume and Costs, 1915-1946," statistical supplement to Construction Review, 1958, p. 10; 1946 (comparable with later years), U.S. Business and Defense Services Administration, "Construction Statistics, 1915-1964," supplement to Construction Review, January 1966, p. 14, and unpublished data; 1963-1970, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Construction Reports, series C 30, and unpublished data. N 111-131 The sources also present detailed data by types of public construction. For bases of estimates, see text for series N 20-29. N 70-77. Expenditures for new construction, private residential and nonresidential and public, in current and constant (1929) dollars, 1869-1955. Source: Robert E. Lipsey and Doris Preston, Source Book of Statistics Relating to Construction, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), New York, 1966, pp. 29-32, 35-36, and 39-40 (copyright). These series are a selection from the large number of annual estimates, partly unpublished, which underlie the five-year moving averages published with explanatory notes in Simon Kuznets, Capital in the American Economy: Its Formation and Financing, Princeton University Press for NBER, 1961. N 70-71, total new construction. Kuznets' current price figures for 1952-1955 are U.S. Department of Commerce estimates of "Total New Construction Activity" plus "Petroleum and Natural Gas Well Drilling" from the Survey of Current Business, July 1956, table 31, p. 22. The constant (1929) price estimates for 1953-1955 were calculated, for private construction, from the current price estimates and an implicit price index derived from current and constant dollar figures in the Economic Report of the President, January 1956, pp. 165 and 168, and for public construction, by extrapolating the 1952 estimate by the constant price series in Construction Review, October 1956, p. 18. For earlier years, Kuznets calculated total gross construction as the sum of (1) cost of oil and gas wells drilled and (2) all other construction. The cost of oil and gas wells drilled in current prices was obtained as follows: For 1889-1928, the Kuznets' data were calculated by multiplying the series in 1929 prices by the price index for petroleum pipe lines. For 1915-1928, this price index was calculated from Business and Defense Services Administration (BDSA), Construction and Building Materials, Statistical Supplement, May 1954, pp. 33 and 82; it was extrapolated back from 1915 by the total construction cost index described in Kuznets, National Product Since 1869, N B E R , 1946, table IV-4. For 1929-1938, this index was calculated from Office of Business Economics (OBE), National Income, 1954 edition, p. 209; 1939-1945, from BDSA, Construction and Building Materials . . . , p. 56; and 1946-1955, from OBE, U.S. Income and Output, 1958. The Commerce Department (BDSA and OBE) estimates represent all costs of drilling, including the cost of casings. The cost of installed production equipment, such as flowing and pumping equipment, is excluded. The figures are based on the cost of drilling oil and gas wells, as reported in the Census of Mineral Industries, 1939 and 1958, interpolated and extrapolated by annual data on the number of wells completed and on average cost per well. The calculations for "all other construction" in current prices were as follows: 1889-1918: Calculated by multiplying the series in 1929 prices by the underlying price index. The latter was computed for 1915 and later years from Construction and Building Materials . . . , pp. 33 and 82, and was extrapolated from 1915 by the total construction cost index described in Kuznets, National Product. . . , table IV-4, notes to line 1. 1919-1951: Sum of (a) new private nonfarm residential construction including additions and alterations and excluding nonhousekeeping, from Grebler, Blank, and Winnick, Capital Formation . . . (cited in text for series N 62-65), appendix B, table B-6, and (b) all other new construction, from Construction and Building Materials . .., tables 2 and 3. The cost, in 1929 dollars, of oil and gas wells drilled was calculated as follows: Kuznets' data for 1889-1918 were extrapolated from the 1919 figure by the number of wells drilled each year (see pp. 526-527 of Kuznets, Capital in the American Economy . . . , for derivation). For 1919-1928, data were extrapolated from the 1929 figure by the series described in Kuznets, National Income and Its Composition, 1919-1988, NBER, 1941, p. 645. This series is based on individual State data for number of wells drilled and 1935 costs. For 19291945, Kuznets used the Commerce series in current prices divided 613 N 118-137 CONSTRUCTION A N D HOUSING by the price index for petroleum pipelines, calculated from Construction and Building Materials . . . , pp. 33 and 82, and adjusted to a 1929 base. For 1946-1955, the sources used were the same as for the current price series. The value of "all other construction" in 1929 dollars was calculated as follows: 1889-1914: Output of construction materials for domestic consumption, multiplied by 1.54056, the ratio of new construction to cost of construction materials consumed in 1919-1933. The method of estimation is described in Kuznets, Capital in the American Economy, table R-30, notes to column 10, and Kuznets, National Product..., table II-5, notes to column 7. For data on output of construction materials, see William H. Shaw, Value of Commodity Output Since 1869, N B E R , 1947 (series D 7). 1915-1920: Sum of (1) new private nonfarm residential construction including additions and alterations, in Grebler, Blank, and Winnick, Capital Formation . . . , appendix B, table B-6, and (2) other new construction from Construction and Building Materials . . . , tables 15 and 16, adjusted to 1929 prices. 1921-1952: Given in Construction and Building Materials . . . , tables 15 and 16, adjusted to 1929 prices. N 72-73, private nonfarm residential building. Gross private nonfarm residential construction is composed of housekeeping residential construction plus additions and alterations. Current dollar figures were taken from the following sources: 18891920: New construction, from David M. Blank, The Volume of Residential Construction 1889-1950, table 18, plus a rough estimate of additions and alterations from Leo Grebler, David M. Blank, and Louis Winnick, Capital Formation . . . , table D-2, p. 363. The new construction series was built up originally from the BLS-WPA building permit surveys (see Blank, The Volume of Residential Construction, p. 33). Blank estimated the permit value of construction started and the total cost of construction started. He then converted construction started to construction put in place, by using an estimate of the average carryover into the following year of construction started in a given year (ibid., pp. 52-56). 1921-1952: BLS-Commerce estimates published in Construction and Building Materials .. ., p. 6, and Survey of Current Business, July 1956, table 31. The constant (1929) dollar figures were calculated as follows: The series in current prices was deflated by residential construction cost indexes. For 1889-1952, the index in Grebler, Blank, and Winnick, Capital Formation . . . , table B-10, column 1, was used. This is the Boeckh residential construction cost index extrapolated back from 1910 by building-trade wage rates and building material prices. The index for 1953-55 was the index implicit in the series for all private residential nonfarm building (including nonhousekeeping) in 1947-49 prices, Construction Review, September 1956. N 74-75, private nonresidential construction. These series were calculated as a residual by subtracting from Kuznets' Capital in the American Economy total new construction series, C 1 and C 2 (here identified as series N 70-71), his series on gross private nonfarm residential building, C 3 and C 4 (series N 72-73), gross nonmilitary public construction, C 7 and C 8 (series N 76-77), and gross military construction (an earlier version of BLS-Commerce series C 55 and C 56); see source. N 76-77, public construction. Current dollar figures were taken from the following sources: 1889-1914: Sum of separate estimates for Federal, State, and local governments. The Federal Government series are derived mainly from those published in U.S. Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-19A5, 1949, and the State and local government series are derived mainly from the Census Bureau's publications on government finances. A detailed description is given in Kuznets, Capital..., notes to table R-30, pp. 580-584. 1915-1955: BLS-Commerce estimates published in Construction and Building Materials . . . , table 3 ("total public construction" minus "military facilities"), and Survey of Current Business, July 1956, table 31. The constant (1929) dollar figures were taken from the following sources: 1889-1914: The components of the current price series were 614 converted to 1929 prices by separate price indexes, each derived by extrapolating that implicit in the estimate for 1915 by the cost of construction index described in National Product..., table IV-4, notes to line 1. (See Kuznets, Capital..., table R-30 notes for further detail.) 1915-1955: BLS-Commerce estimates, from Construction and Building Materials..., table 16, adjusted to a 1929 price base, and extrapolated from 1952 to 1955 by the series in 1947-49 prices given in Construction Review, September 1956, table 4, p. 11. N 78-100. Construction contracts awarded (Dodge)—value, and floor space of buildings, by class of construction, 1901-1970. Source: 1901-1924, Robert E. Lipsey and Doris Preston, Source Book of Statistics Relating to Construction, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1966, pp. 15-21 (copyright); 1925-1970, F. W. Dodge Division, McGraw-Hill Information Systems Company, New York (propriety data provided by special permission). These series, except the part of residential buildings comprising privately owned one- and two-family houses, are based upon daily reports by the F. W. Dodge field staff. This field staff contacts owners, architects, engineers, contractors, financial institutions, real estate brokers, and others able to supply reliable information on construction projects. The series include new construction, additions, and major alterations within 60 days of work start. They exclude maintenance and repair work, farm building, ship building, and a part of force-account work done by firms and public agencies. Geographic coverage has been increased in several steps since the series began. The earliest data beginning 1901 cover total construction in the New England States. Data covering 27 northeastern States and the District of Columbia are available from 1910; the addition of nine southern States between 1920 to 1923 brought the total to 36. Texas was added in 1924. The 37 States covered then excluded Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, and California. For the remaining 11 western States, information gathered from permit places, publications, and a sample of areas was used. From 1956 to 1969, the 48 conterminous States were covered; beginning 1970, all 50 States. Valuation represents, as nearly as possible, actual construction costs, including subcontracts for such items as plumbing, heating, electrical work, roofing, and normal connecting utilities, and excluding land and architects' fees. Cost of industrial equipment not an integral part of the structure is excluded, except for special purpose equipment in petroleum refineries; outdoor chemical plants; electrical generating, power, and heating plants; and water and sewage treatment plants. Floor space figures represent footage under roof, exclusive of basement. Where building permit data are the basis of the statistics, floor area is estimated from construction costs, with local building cost differentials applied to nationally established cost-per-square-foot rates. N 101-110. Construction bidding volume (Engineering News-Record), by type, 1913-1970. Source: Engineering News-Record, McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, various issues (copyright). Data are based on daily reports by a field staff in 50 States and the District of Columbia. For 1963 to 1970, they consist of low bids for public construction and contract awards for private construction. Excluded are homebuilding, design-and-construct contracts (under which the contractor is responsible for design as well as the construction) and projects of investment builders or owner-builders serving as their own general contractors. They thus exclude a large proportion of chemical process and powerplant (design-and-construct) contracts and substantial volumes of commercial and apartment projects handled by owner-builders. Beginning 1963, data cover only projects reported by Engineering News-Record as new plans and which have advanced to the low bid or contract award stage. Al- CONSTRUCTION though data prior to 1963, which are contract awards, are not strictly comparable with later data, the earlier and later figures are adequately comparable in coverage to describe long-term trends consistently for the separate series. In the aggregate they represent over 65 percent of the annual volume reported by series N 78-89. The following types of construction are included: Water supply, sewers and waste disposal, bridges, streets and roads, earthwork and waterways, public buildings, multiunit residential structures, commercial building, industrial plants, and an unclassified category. Only larger projects are included, and the minimum cost of projects covered by the reports has varied over time. For 1963 to 1970, the minimum cost of projects covered was: $100,000 for public works other than buildings, industrial and unclassified; $500,000 for buildings other than industrial. Because of the emphasis on heavy engineering works and the difference in geographic coverage, as well as other reasons, the data are not comparable to series N 78-89. N 111-117. General note. While comprehensive estimates of construction expenditures by types of construction, such as presented in series N 1-29, are generally preferred for most purposes, building permit data are available for a considerably longer period. Permit values are based on estimates by builders of the costs of building for which permits are granted or plans filed. Permit data generally cover private, rather than public, construction; building, rather than nonbuilding, types of construction; and are generally limited to construction within the corporate limits of the cities covered. On the average, the cost of the projects covered is underestimated; small projects are generally not covered at all. Permit data are less frequently available for smaller cities and for earlier years. It follows that building permit data in unadjusted form are unsatisfactory as measures of the total absolute volume of new construction. Permit data are often more satisfactory when used in the form of relatives or indexes of permit values, as in the case of series N 111-114. Although the absolute amount of construction activity is not adequately indicated by early permit data, the data clearly indicate the presence and approximate timing of cycles in private building. However, the relatively few cities upon which permit indexes are based during the earlier years suggests caution in the drawing of quantitative conclusions, particularly as to the amplitude of building cycles. Nonbuilding construction of various types and public building construction have fluctuated somewhat differently from building permit indexes, so that the data available for the analysis of cycles in total new construction over an extended period of years are particularly inadequate. The mere comparison of the various series on building permits purporting to measure roughly the same type of activity should warn the user against placing too much confidence in the data. N 111. Index of new building permit values (Long), 1868-1939. Source: Clarence D. Long, Jr., Building Cycles and the Theory of Investment, Princeton University Press, 1940, pp. 213-223 (copyright). This index was obtained by averaging the monthly indexes given in the source. The number of cities covered by the index has ranged from 1 to 37 (or 33 if all the boroughs of New York City are combined). For a list of cities and years covered, see source. The aggregate permit volume each year was divided by the aggregate volume for the same cities in 1930. For additional explanation, see general note for series N 111-117. N 112-113. 1933. Index of new building permit values (Newman), 1875- Source: William H. Newman, "The Building Industry and Business Cycles," The Journal of Business of the University of Chicago, vol. VIII, No. 3, pp. 63-71, copyright, University of Chicago. N 111-131 These are annual indexes and annual averages of monthly indexes. Series N 112 is based on Bradstreet's building permit values, 120 identical cities, 1911-1933; Babson's monthly values of building permits in 20 cities, 1903-1910; Ayres' permits in 50 cities, 1900-1902; and permit data from 13 cities, 1875-1900. Series N 113 is obtained from series N 112 by the use of the following building cost indexes: The American Appraisal Co.'s building construction cost index, 1913-1933; an arithmetic average of the American Appraisal Co.'s cost indexes for frame, brick, and reinforced concrete buildings, 1900-1913; and an average of the frame- and the brick-building cost indexes, 1875-1900. For additional explanation, see general note for series N 111-117. N 114. Index of new building permit values (Riggleman-Isard), 1830-1933. Source: Miles L. Colean and Robinson Newcomb, Stabilizing Construction: The Record and Potential, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1952, appendix N, table 2 (copyright). This index is based on the per capita value of building permits as estimated in an unpublished doctoral dissertation by John R. Riggleman, Variations in Building Activity in United States Cities, Johns Hopkins University, 1934. The data cover Manhattan, Boston, and Washington, D.C., from 1830 through 1848. The coverage then increases gradually to a total of 10 cities in 1868, which were augmented to cover 70 cities in 1900 and subsequent years (counting the 5 boroughs of New York City separately). For the cities covered, see the source, appendix N, table 4, footnote c, p. 240. By eliminating the population adjustment and weighting the data on the basis of the relative volume of activity from 1920 to 1929 in the areas covered, Isard developed a series more comparable to that of Long (series N 111) in general movement (see Walter Isard, The Economic Dynamics of Transport Technology, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yale University, 1947). The data back to 1830 have decreasing credibility. N 115. Index of dollar volume of new construction (Newcomb), 18681914. Source: See source for series N 114, appendix N, table 3. This index is based on a 3-year moving average of the figures for series N 114 for 1868-1878, and on a 3-year moving average of the figures for series N 111 for 1879-1914, adjusted by (1) weighting residential building at one-third instead of approximately one-half used by Long, series N 111, and (2) changing the base to 1920-29 =100. The purpose of these adjustments by Robinson Newcomb of the original series is to make their year-to-year movement more closely comparable to that of construction expenditures which fluctuate less than building permits, and to reduce the weight of residential construction for early years to that found in the official estimates of construction expenditures beginning in 1915, series N 1-29. Newcomb notes that the index figures for 1868-1914 are suggestive only, since the raw data are not sufficient for a reliable index. The source extends the index to 1951 by using the official estimates of construction expenditures, series N 1-29. N 116-117. Index of urban dwelling units (Blank), 1870-1929. Source: David M. Blank, The Volume of Residential Construction, 1889-1950, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, Technical Paper 9, 1954, table 11 (copyright). This index is based on building permit data covering Manhattan for 1870-1874 and gradually augmented to cover 67 cities in 1900 and 314 in 1929. For list of cities and years covered, see source, table 23. This is a chain index computed by first deriving relatives of the aggregate number of dwelling units authorized and the aggregate permit valuation of such units in identical cities in the sample between pairs of successive years. The data are unadjusted for 615 CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING N 118-137 lapses of building permits (with certain exceptions for New York City) and for understatement of valuations in building permits. The valuations are not converted to a work-put-in-place basis to reflect construction expenditures. N 118-137. Construction cost indexes, 1913-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1915-1968, unpublished data. The indexes for series N 132, 1915-1968, series N 133-134, 19461968, series N 135, 1962-1968, and series N 136, 1967 and 1968, were provided on a 1967 base by the source agencies; all other indexes, except series N 137, represent conversions of those given on a 1957-59 base in U.S. Business and Defense Services Administration, Construction Statistics, 1915-1964, pp. 58 and 59, and in Bureau of the Census, Construction Reports, series C 30, various issues. 1969 and 1970, Construction Reports, series C 30-74-7, p. 8. Series N 137, see source for series N 114, appendix Q. Construction cost indexes are useful in the conversion of construction expenditure data from current prices to constant prices and in the study of cost trends. However, no single cost index is satisfactory for all types of construction since the movements of cost differ for different types of construction. Series N 118, however, is a composite index weighted by the relative importance of the major classes of construction. Construction cost indexes generally are not fully adequate for the making of cost comparisons over an extended period of time. Changes in the productivity and the proportions used of the various productive factors cannot be allowed for easily in the assignment of weights to labor, materials, and other cost items. An aggregative index proportional to the total construction cost of a standardized project, or a component part thereof, is not easily computed for most types of construction and suffers from the disadvantage of the probable eventual obsoleteness of any adequately specified standard project. For further discussion, see chapter IV of source cited above for series N 137; Lowell J. Chawner, "Construction Cost Indexes as Influenced by Technological Changes and Other Factors," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1935, vol. 30, pp. 561-576; and Leo Grebler, David M. Blank, and Louis Winnick, Capital Formation in Residential Real Estate, Princeton University Press, 1956, appendix C. N 118, Department of Commerce composite cost index. This index is a combination of various indexes weighted by the relative importance of the major classes of construction. It is an implicit index computed by dividing the total estimate of new construction activity in current prices by the total expressed in 1967 prices. Since the total in 1967 prices is obtained by adding the estimates for the separately deflated classes of construction, the composite cost index is the equivalent of a variably weighted index, reflecting changes not only in the component indexes, but also in the relative importance of the major classes of construction which are used as weights. For 1945-1970, the index is an average of the 12 monthly indexes. N 119, American Appraisal Company index. This index is compiled on the basis of a detailed bill of quantities of material and labor required for four representative types of buildings—frame, brick, concrete, and steel—with allowances for contractor's overhead and profit, in various cities throughout the United States. Workmen's compensation and liability insurance, unemployment insurance, and old-age pension factors are included. The index covers the structural portion of the buildings, but does not include the fixtures such as plumbing, heating, lighting, sprinkler systems, and elevators. The material and labor costs are recomputed monthly in accordance with average prices and wages supplemented by personal investigation of appraisers and information from clients and others as to actual costs. These computations automatically result in weighted averages for the individual buildings. Arithmetic averages are computed for the individual buildings and cities to obtain the city and national averages. The latter covers 24 cities prior to 1925 and 30 cities since that time. The index reflects changes in average price levels but does not reflect costs resulting from overtime wages and bonuses during 616 boom periods or sacrifice prices and omissions of overhead costs and profits during depression periods. N 120, Associated General Contractors index. This index is a combination of indexes of wages and materials weighted in the proportion of 40 percent for wages and 60 percent for materials. Wages used in computing this index are for hod carriers and common laborers, and the material prices are those for sand, gravel, crushed stone, Portland cement, common brick, lumber (each with a weight of one), hollow tile (weighted H ) , and structural and reinforcing steel (each with a weight of Wages and prices are reported by the 12 district offices of the Association as of the 15th of each month. N 121-123, E. H. Boeckh and Associates indexes. These indexes are based on separate computations for 10 types of buildings in 20 cities (comparable indexes are available from the compilers for a total of more than 40 cities). The basic list of items covered includes current local prices for common brick, common lumber, Portland cement, structural steel, common labor, brickmasons, carpenters, structural ironworkers, plasterers, and miscellaneous which includes many specialized items such as heating and plumbing equipment, paint, glass, and hardware. Wage rates are adjusted to reflect efficiency of local labor. State and local sales taxes and Social Security payroll taxes are included. The weights assigned to the different items vary among the 10 types of buildings. An unweighted arithmetic average of the individual indexes for the 20 cities for each of the 10 types of buildings has been computed and these have been further consolidated into the 3 series shown here. The residential index is an unweighted average of the indexes for frame residences and for brick residences; the apartment, hotel, and office building index is an unweighted average of the indexes for brick and wood, brick and concrete, and brick and steel apartment, hotel, and office buildings; the commercial and factory buildings index is an unweighted average of the indexes for wood, steel, brick and wood, brick and steel, and brick and concrete commercial and factory buildings. N 124-125, Engineering News-Record indexes. The index of construction costs is comprised of (1) steel, which until 1938 was the base price of structural steel shapes at Pittsburgh and, beginning in 1938, is a weighted average of steel prices at Pittsburgh, Gary, and Birmingham; (2) cement, which until 1948 was the consumers' net price, f.o.b. Chicago, and, beginning in 1948, is the ENR 20-city average of bulk cement prices; (3) lumber, which until 1936 was 12 x 12 long leaf yellow pine, wholesale, at New York, and beginning in 1936 is a composite 20-city price average of 2 x 4 Douglas fir and southern or local pine in carload lots; and (4) common labor rate paid in the steel industry for 1913-1920 and since 1920 the average common labor rate in construction (ENR 20-city average of wage rates in force). The 4 components are weighted according to their relative importance in the national economy in 1910, 1913, 1916, and 1919. The index of building costs is identical to the index of construction costs for all components except wage rates, where the trend of skilled labor wage rates is substituted for common labor wage rates. For a detailed description of these two indexes, see U.S. Office of Business Economics, Business Statistics, 1971 edition, p. 53. N 126-127, Economic Research Service farm construction cost indexes for farm housing and other farm construction. This is a weighted index of farm wage rates and prices paid for materials. In compiling the index of farm housing construction costs, prices paid by farmers for building materials are given a weight of 73 percent, farm wage rates a weight of 27 percent. For other farm building construction, the corresponding weights are 78 and 22 percent. The wages paid by farmers for labor for building construction and repairs are higher than the wages paid for ordinary agricultural labor, but they probably fluctuate more comparably to farm labor wage rates than to urban union wage rates. N 128, George A. Fuller Company index. This is a composite index of 36 major cost elements, in 3 commercial type buildings, including structural elements, elevators, wiring, heating, plumbing, ventilating, and employee benefit costs. The index is adjusted for CONSTRUCTION changes in productivity from job-cost reports showing the number of man-hours of skilled and unskilled labor required. The indexes are simple averages of the quarterly indexes from the job-cost reports made by the compiler. N 129-131, Handy-Whitman public utility construction cost indexes (compiled by Whitman, Requardt and Associates, Baltimore). These indexes measure changes in construction costs of utility buildings, gas plants, and electric plants. Cost trends of reinforced concrete utility building construction and brick utility building construction are reported semiannually by geographic regions. A single index is computed by averaging the figures for the first, middle, and end of each year for each region and then combining the regions for a United States average. Cost trends of gas plant construction and of steam-operated electric plant construction are also reported semiannually by geographic regions. A single index for each is computed in the same manner as for utility buildings. N 132, Interstate Commerce Commission railroad construction cost index. The index is the weighted average for the entire United States of 31 separate indexes for individual operations important in railroad construction. Separate indexes covering items such as grading, tunnel excavation, bridges, ballast haul, and tracklaying and surfacing, were developed largely from analysis of major construction contracts covering a period of more than 30 years. The indexes for materials accounts—such as ties, rails, other track material, ballast, and fences—were based on studies of carriers' returns, joint studies made with the various railroad committees, well-known engineering and trade publications, contracts covering major construction projects over a period of 30 years, and other information furnished by individual carriers. N 133-134, Bell System Telephone plant indexes. The American Telephone and Telegraph Company compiles separate annual cost indexes for construction of telephone company "buildings" and "outside plant," e.g. poles, cable, aerial wire, and underground conduits. These indexes represent changes in the total installed cost of telephone buildings or plant. The "outside plant" index reflects the effect of price changes in the cost of telephone apparatus and the cost of associated installation and engineering. N 135, Federal Highway Administration index. This index is based upon a record of quarterly variations in contract unit bid prices maintained by the Federal Highway Administration and its predecessor, Public Roads Administration, since 1922. Cost indexes are based on average annual construction on State and Federal aid highway systems during 1925-1929. Average costs for these years are taken as 100 percent. For this period, the total quantity and contract cost of each of the principal cost-controlling contract items were summarized and divided by the total mileage of construction. This operation provided average quantities of each type of work involved per average gross or composite mile of construction. Since unit prices and construction volumes vary not only from State to State but also from year to year, the percentage of each item contributed during this 5-year period by each State was adopted as the contributing State base. The index thus indicates the relative costs at which the average quantities placed per mile in 1925-1929, with the same State distribution, could be replaced at current contract bid prices. Figures for 1915-1922 were extrapolated by the Department of Commerce by means of a weighted average of the Interstate Commerce Commission indexes for grading; tunnel and subway excavation; bridges, culverts, and trestles; and ballast. This index is a composite derived from average unit bid prices for fixed amounts of the following items put in place: Common excavation, surfacing, N 111-131 and structures. The base quantities involved in measuring this index are: 3,641,885,000 cubic yards of roadway excavation; 154,953,000 square yards of portland cement concrete surfacing with average thickness of 9.1 inches; 111,516,000 tons of bituminous concrete surfacing; 2,206,879,000 pounds of reinforcing steel for structures; 2,581,462,000 pounds of structural steel; and 14,583,000 cubic yards of structural concrete. N 136, Turner Construction Company index. This index is based on the building cost experience of the Turner Construction Company in eastern cities applied to these factors: Labor rates, material prices, productivity of labor, efficiency of plant and management, and competitive conditions. The series also reflects the payment of sales taxes and employee benefit costs. N 137, average of contractor indexes of construction cost. This is an average of 4 contractor indexes shown separately in the source. In contrast to the common indexes of construction costs, which usually represent a combination of wages and materials prices according to a fixed relationship and may not take adequate account of changes in efficiency, the contractor indexes are based on estimates of the actual cost for erecting comparable structures. The comparison of these indexes with the common indexes may suggest changes in cost that result from changes in efficiency. For a fuller discussion, see the source, pp. 69-74, and Grebler-Blank-Winnick, appendix C. N 138. Building cost index (Riggleman), 1868-1933. Source: See source for series N 114, appendix N, table 4. The index is from an unpublished doctoral dissertation by John R. Riggleman, Variations in Building Activity in United States Cities, Johns Hopkins University, 1934, appendix I. The index was constructed on the basis of several sources, including the American Appraisal Company's cost of industrial buildings in eastern cities to 1903 and the Engineering News-Record construction cost index for 1904-1933. The figures for earlier years are less reliable than those for later years, and should be used with caution. The source also presents the index back to 1830. N 139. Residential construction cost index (Blank), 1889-1933. Source: David M. Blank, The Volume of Residential Construction, 1889-1950, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, Technical Paper 9, 1954, table 21 (copyright). For 1889-1914, the index is based on weighted averages of building trade wages and building materials prices, more fully described in the source. For 1915-1933, the index is the Boeckh residential construction cost index shown as series N 121, converted to the 1929 base. The figures for earlier years are less reliable than those for later years and should be used with caution. N 140-155. Indexes of wholesale prices for construction materials, 1926-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1973, pp. 315-318, and Wholesale Prices and Price Indexes, monthly and annual issues. Data cover materials incorporated as integral part of a building or normally installed during construction and not readily removable. Excluded are consumer durables, such as kitchen ranges, refrigerators, etc. For compilation and description of wholesale indexes, see series E 23-122. 617 CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING N 118-137 Series N 1-29. Value of New Private and Public Construction Put in Place: 1915 to 1970 [In millions of dollars] Private Total new construction Residential buildings (including farm) Total 1 Total2 New housing units 2 Additions and alterations ! Nonhousekeeping Nonresidential buildings (excluding farm)' Total2 Industrial C o m m e r cial 2 Other Public utilities Farm nonresidential 2 10 Total2' Railroad 2 s 12 94,855 93,917 87,093 78,082 76,414 66,759 65,953 59,488 52,546 52,407 31,864 33,200 30,565 25,568 25,715 24.272 25,941 24,030 18,985 19,352 6,234 5,882 5,297 5,317 4,941 1,358 1,377 1,238 1,266 1,422 21,417 21,155 18,164 17,589 18,279 6,538 6,783 6,021 (NA) (NA) 9,754 9,401 7,761 (NA) (NA) 5,125 4,971 4,382 (NA) (NA) 1,512 1,322 1,217 1,332 1,126 11,020 9,535 8,969 7,603 6,803 306 453 413 327 378 73,747 67,675 64,812 60,205 56,445 51,685 47,292 45,455 42,336 39,297 27,934 28,010 27,874 25,150 23,107 21,712 21,786 21,735 19,443 17,074 4,736 (NA) 4,798 4,484 4,973 1,486 1,457 1,341 1,223 1,060 16,509 12,955 11,646 11,617 10,734 (NA) 3,565 2,906 2,842 2,780 (NA) 5.396 4,995 5.144 4,674 (NA) 3,994 3,745 3,631 3,280 1,038 958 958 962 871 5,788 5,031 4,667 4,330 4,335 310 267 253 201 213 54,738 55,392 50,047 49,139 47,601 38,875 39,322 34,590 35,080 34,869 22,975 •24,251 • 19,789 19,543 20,707 17,279 «19,233 • 15,445 15.273 16,672 4,831 4,253 3,711 3,769 3,588 865 765 633 501 447 10,149 8,859 8,675 9,556 8,818 2,851 2,106 2,382 3,557 3,084 4,180 3,930 3,589 3,564 3,631 3,118 2,823 2,704 2,435 2,103 849 '1,484 i 1,249 874 863 4,621 4,521 4,688 4,908 4,361 270 218 272 397 421 46,519 41,380 39,136 36,828 35,435 34,804 29,668 27,894 26,049 26,180 22,409 18,759 17,213 16,468 16,546 18,774 15,503 14,030 13,516 13,872 3,296 2,960 2,916 2,767 2,484 296 267 185 190 7,611 6,250 5,680 5,014 5,279 2,399 2,030 2,229 2,320 2,117 3,218 2,212 1,791 1,137 1,498 1,994 2,008 1,660 1,557 1,664 853 853 908 949 934 3,770 3,685 3,973 3,533 3,357 341 366 405 449 372 33,575 26,722 26,078 20,041 14,308 12,737 26,709 20,453 21.374 16,722 12,077 10.375 18,768 13,111 13,830 10,404 6,656 4,752 16,193 10,726 11,208 8,319 5,204 3,300 2,400 2,200 2,467 1,960 1,307 1,307 175 185 155 125 145 145 3,904 3,383 3,765 3,243 3,362 3,341 1,062 972 1,397 1,702 1,689 1,689 1,415 1,182 1.397 957 1,153 1,132 1,427 1,229 971 584 520 520 880 887 938 880 752 447 3,045 2,994 2,776 2,126 1,255 1,374 309 354 398 340 265 293 5,809 5,259 8,301 14,075 11,957 3,411 2,186 1,979 3,415 6,206 1,376 923 1,006 1,850 3,692 820 678 831 1,575 3,222 516 220 160 225 375 40 25 15 50 95 1,020 351 233 635 1,482 642 208 156 346 801 203 56 33 155 409 175 87 44 134 272 167 175 163 125 128 827 725 570 786 872 282 262 225 209 217 8,682 8,198 6,980 6,999 6,497 5,054 4,389 3,560 3,903 2,981 3,130 2,786 2,069 1,975 1,641 2,705 2,376 1.699 1,575 1,286 335 320 295 320 295 90 90 75 80 60 1,025 786 764 1,085 713 442 254 232 492 266 348 292 285 387 290 235 240 247 206 157 95 106 92 107 85 771 683 605 705 518 217 191 160 238 194 4,232 3,720 2,879 3,538 6,427 1,999 1,509 1,231 1,676 3,768 1,071 661 499 654 1,624 771 416 319 509 1,379 250 200 145 105 175 50 45 35 40 70 472 456 406 502 1,099 158 191 176 74 221 211 173 130 223 454 103 92 100 205 424 65 30 20 13 38 363 326 261 467 946 156 158 115 168 361 8,741 10,793 11,641 12,034 12,082 5,883 8,307 9,156 9,625 9,938 2,182 3,772 4,926 5,320 5,737 1,677 3,187 4,355 4.700 5,057 305 340 315 290 270 200 245 260 330 410 2,003 2,694 2,573 2,534 2,513 532 949 802 696 727 893 1,135 1,121 1.145 1,107 578 610 650 693 679 86 160 175 195 160 1,527 1,578 1,372 1,450 1,415 606 592 523 539 542 11,439 10,407 9,332 7,647 6,004 9,301 8,506 7,710 5,963 4,440 5,656 5,193 4,542 3,479 2,203 5,051 4,708 4,102 3,074 1,893 250 230 210 200 185 355 255 230 205 125 2,060 1,675 1,697 1,457 1,434 513 460 549 467 574 940 740 716 613 570 607 475 432 377 170 165 175 150 125 1,302 1,356 1,191 787 604 445 421 435 261 243 6,749 6,296 5,118 4,569 3,849 3,262 5,397 4,320 2,880 3,290 3,141 2,543 2,281 2,123 1,118 1,389 1,529 1,329 1,976 1,918 963 1,199 1,324 1,149 175 130 110 125 145 140 130 75 45 65 60 40 1,964 1,082 731 800 716 478 1,099 625 240 300 380 275 250 170 120 771 673 697 788 658 549 266 329 472 515 390 353 See footnotes at e n d of table. 618 621 449 364 262 197 CONSTRUCTION Series N 1-29. N 111-131 Value of New Private and Public Construction Put in Place: 1915 to 1970—Con. [In millions of dollars] Public Private—Con. Nonresidential buildings Public utilities—Con. Electric light and power 2 1 0 Gas 2 All other Telephone private 1 and telegraph Total 1 19 17 Residential Total Industrial Educational Other 20 HighSewer Military ways, and roads, and facilities water streets systems 25 Conservation and development 26 5,808 4,764 4,452 3,777 3,060 1,653 1,884 2,043 1,549 1,614 2,968 2,203 1,704 1,638 1,609 946 741 573 454 484 28,096 27,964 27,605 25,536 24,007 1,107 1,047 746 709 655 9,550 10,183 9,693 9,272 8,265 499 518 519 408 369 5,619 5,868 6,061 5,988 5,333 3,432 3,797 3,113 2,876 2,563 718 879 808 695 727 9,981 9,250 9,321 8,591 8,405 2,638 2,680 3,065 2,328 2,366 1,908 1,783 1,973 2,124 2,194 2,589 2,211 2,066 1,899 1,886 1,304 1,073 948 1,031 1,147 463 ,314 ,128 996 980 416 338 310 277 250 22,062 20,383 19,357 17,869 17,148 603 567 531 938 842 7.290 6,610 6,003 5,154 5,169 368 403 440 422 472 4,284 3,790 3,477 2,984 3,052 2,638 2,417 2,086 1,748 1,645 830 910 ,179 ,266 ,371 7,550 7.133 7,084 6,365 5,854 2,461 2,281 1,829 1,754 1,581 2,019 1,750 1,694 1,523 1,384 2,026 2,007 2,291 2,168 1,720 1,105 1,214 1,065 1,116 1,031 1,088 951 904 1,068 1,066 281 207 189 199 120 15,863 16,070 15,457 14,059 12,732 716 962 846 506 292 4,795 4,514 4,653 4,507 4,076 407 368 408 473 453 2,818 2,656 2,875 2,825 2,556 1,570 1,490 1,370 1,209 1,067 1,366 1,465 1,402 1,287 1,360 5,437 5,761 5,545 4,934 4,415 1,487 1,467 1,387 1,344 1,275 1,175 1,121 1,019 971 826 1,572 1,717 1,805 1,537 1,315 922 723 818 710 1,010 805 655 615 570 487 161 121 120 85 64 11,715 11,712 11,242 10,779 9,255 266 336 556 654 595 4,196 4,609 4,350 4,158 3,496 721 1,506 1,771 1,684 974 2,442 2,134 1,714 1,619 1,513 1,033 969 865 855 1,009 1,287 003 ,290 ,387 887 3,852 3,714 3,021 2,677 2,355 1,085 982 883 790 775 701 773 892 900 912 1,240 1,313 1,016 761 425 443 859 637 499 394 197 270 440 533 713 510 305 305 112 78 65 69 52 52 6,866 6,269 4,704 3,319 2,231 2,362 345 359 156 200 374 374 2,387 2,049 1.291 591 354 354 224 177 196 96 113 113 1,133 934 618 287 101 101 1,030 938 477 208 140 140 177 137 158 204 188 188 2.134 2,015 1,661 1,344 764 895 659 619 535 351 194 194 942 852 670 424 260 260 245 163 144 255 305 141 146 63 87 111 117 83 61 155 179 21 12 7 19 32 2,398 3,073 6,322 10,660 5,751 80 211 739 545 430 937 1,361 2,010 3,685 1,646 755 1,230 1,870 3,437 1,280 59 41 63 128 158 123 90 77 120 208 690 837 2,550 5,016 1,620 398 362 446 734 1,066 97 79 107 169 252 130 163 285 357 500 311 303 267 218 139 91 61 65 80 77 122 93 92 102 67 33 28 30 31 24 3,628 3,809 3,420 3,096 3,516 200 65 35 93 61 615 970 672 550 701 164 23 12 2 4 156 468 311 253 366 295 479 349 295 331 385 125 62 37 29 1,302 1,381 1,421 1,226 1,362 338 371 355 311 342 528 570 551 605 87 66 59 109 225 48 43 35 66 117 52 47 45 87 166 28 36 45 40 61 2,233 328 363 230 415 612 2 11 2 153 148 52 130 285 173 204 176 285 327 37 47 36 34 40 845 1,000 847 958 1,355 175 173 95 156 270 700 518 359 150 156 377 350 338 362 362 181 185 212 257 248 333 354 246 212 227 85 103 110 126 113 2,858 2,486 2,485 2,409 2,144 660 659 638 596 (') (») (') (") (') 364 389 378 367 399 296 270 260 229 204 29 19 15 12 11 1,516 1,266 1,289 1,222 1,067 343 253 300 312 285 137 115 72 63 61 421 463 412 229 163 171 206 133 139 66 210 196 158 117 102 113 117 105 90 74 2,138 1,901 1,622 1,684 1,564 573 494 481 481 387 400 353 346 342 274 173 141 135 139 113 9 16 25 49 1,082 987 805 876 853 278 263 203 201 178 73 79 65 48 52 262 156 102 123 117 92 78 56 26 45 70 41 124 76 73 85 61 43 81 62 59 63 68 67 1,352 1,976 2,238 1,279 708 719 (») 0) 0) (') w « 161 1,089 1,555 608 21 17 656 429 296 320 314 302 153 124 94 91 95 106 55 39 29 27 28 2,211 1,648 1,862 2,659 14 28 283 246 199 192 207 217 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii, except that the nonfarm component of series N 4 should be interpreted as including estimates for Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1946. NA Not available. 1 Public industrial and commercial building not segregable from private construction, 1915-1932; amount believed negligible. 2 Beginning 1946, figures not entirely comparable with those for earlier years. 8 Prior to I960, excludes farm housing. 4 Excludes building by privately owned public utilities. Beginning 1968, figures not comparable with earlier years because of revision in survey. 5 Prior to 1959, includes local transit; thereafter, local transit included in "All other private." 0) (') (') (') (') (') (') 190 Excludes farm. Includes farm housing units. Comparable with later years. Comparable with earlier years. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S. Department of Labor, Construction Volume and Costs, 1915-1956, a statistical supplement to Construction Review, pp. 2-9. 10 Includes construction with Rural Electrification Administration funds. 11 Includes sewer and water systems, roads, bridges, and miscellaneous nonstructural items such as parks and playgrounds. Beginning 1959, includes local transit. 12 Includes publicly owned parks and playgrounds, memorials, etc. 6 7 8 9 619 N 118-137 CONSTRUCTION A N D HOUSING Series N 30-60. Value of New Private and Public Construction Put in Place, 1957-59 Dollars: 1915 to 1970 [In millions of dollars. Beginning 1960. figures for these series are essentially comparable with figures for series N 1-29, except series N 33 with N 4, new private residential units; series N 36-39 with N 7-10, new private nonresidential buildings; series N 40 with N 11, new farm nonresidential; and series N 41-46 with N 12-17, new privately-owned public utilities. See text for series N 1-29 and general note for series N 1-60] Private construction Total new construction Residential buildings (including farm) Total' Total New housing units Nonresidential buildings (excluding farm) 3 Additions and alterations 2 Nonhousekeeping Total Industrial 34 35 36 37 60.170 64,169 64,432 61,144 62,941 62,896 59,172 58,102 55,948 53,087 42,317 44,911 43,775 40,967 43,208 43,780 40,861 40,309 39,056 36,428 2 20 509 2 22 364 22 369 ! 19 413 2 20 561 23 496 23 942 24 542 23 286 21 194 2 15,345 217,311 217,399 214,623 2 15,412 217,882 218,223 218,756 217,508 215,474 4,167 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 3,893 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 52.171 54,222 50,270 49,878 50.034 51,717 47,164 44,747 42,882 42,596 36,518 38,218 34,868 35,753 36,651 38,394 33,721 31,818 30,334 31,387 21 304 2 23 641 219 930 19 862 21 437 24 222 20 883 19 023 18 508 19 084 215,747 218,751 215,552 15,522 17,264 20,295 17,258 15,506 15,189 15,996 (NA) 4,144 3,739 3,830 3,712 3,562 3,295 3,223 3,110 2,868 43,576 36,605 34,681 29,573 25,668 12,251 11,525 17,866 31,777 30,144 34,309 27,779 28,385 24,682 21,787 7,181 4,803 4,474 8,234 16,049 232 234 602 762 447 608 1 878 2 223 4 343 112 20,042 14,093 14,255 11,784 8,928 1,551 1,375 1,837 3,687 7,958 23,217 22,379 18,775 19,051 18,938 12,780 10,815 9,232 12,350 19,559 14,105 12,600 10,361 11,504 9,771 6,764 5,089 4,570 6,111 11,998 366 676 800 690 268 555 145 763 309 856 24,511 29,213 32,113 33,238 33,113 31,323 28,022 25,011 22,524 16,167 17,200 23,157 26,127 27,528 28,038 26,366 23,796 21,415 18,420 12,745 14,753 12,333 Commercial 43 1970. 19691968. 1967. 19661965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 114 156 256 193 See footnotes at end of table. 620 44 2,408 2,117 2,022 1,884 Total 21,076 21,036 ! 1,219 21,307 21,305 21,236 21,150 21,014 3,895 4,590 4,427 5,131 5,749 4,541 3,263 2,728 2,732 2,712 6,332 6,692 5,981 5,312 5,416 5,491 4,520 4,291 4,555 4,275 3,522 3,592 3,429 3,754 3,966 3,927 3,402 3,273 3,271 3,017 702 737 750 776 779 6.024 5,294 4,719 4,459 4,190 4,226 828 746 639 510 461 365 330 294 209 220 9,690 8,614 8,679 9,774 9,501 8,668 7,287 6,694 6,071 6,641 2,803 2,080 2,392 3,582 3,316 2,807 2,400 2,587 2,736 2,568 3,943 3,799 3,581 3,684 3,923 3,623 2,569 2,142 1,415 1,936 2,944 2,735 2,703 2,508 2,262 2,238 2,318 1,965 1,920 2,137 790 51,359 5 1,384 891 908 938 960 1,006 1,067 1,070 4,474 4,407 4.686 5,020 4,673 4,384 4,449 4,948 4,577 4,505 2,975 2,898 3,149 2,797 2,269 982 452 354 531 921 215 243 198 181 250 75 51 32 125 233 5,321 4,718 5,210 4,994 6,498 2,353 861 563 1,628 4,228 1,447 1,363 1,917 2,595 3,050 1,426 491 351 829 2,160 1,930 1,640 1,941 1,474 2,348 489 143 92 418 1,214 1,944 1,715 1,352 925 1,100 438 227 120 381 854 1,124 1,151 1,202 1,221 1,271 309 342 351 302 350 4,470 4,556 4,267 3,584 2,465 1,868 1.687 1,314 1,911 2,274 7,236 6,549 4,767 4,539 4.128 2,558 1,350 1,128 1,798 4,124 890 879 824 921 947 831 649 512 370 523 240 248 209 230 193 166 146 123 141 209 3,200 2,567 2,477 3,443 2,609 1,809 1,738 1,725 2,078 4,001 1,310 806 714 1,481 910 564 691 728 314 880 1,106 944 914 1,251 1,069 810 657 543 861 1,495 784 817 849 711 630 435 390 454 903 1,626 289 324 278 318 266 206 95 71 46 119 2,149 1,946 1,719 1,963 1,552 1,102 993 847 1,631 2,826 999 096 752 908 856 793 360 386 611 208 4,609 8,528 12,142 13,166 13,973 14,101 13,016 11,185 9,372 5,336 911 882 815 748 699 638 574 612 520 551 657 728 927 1,135 993 706 627 627 352 6,437 8,144 7.812 7,712 7,569 6,246 5,004 5,040 4.813 4,441 1,865 2,970 2,440 2,118 2,156 1,523 1,370 1,618 1,543 1,812 2,600 3,256 3,327 3,415 3,277 2,814 2,172 2,106 1,984 1,713 1,972 1,918 2,045 2,179 2,136 1,909 1,462 1,316 1,286 916 233 417 459 505 413 435 430 459 409 346 4,273 4,194 3,774 4.025 3,860 3,552 3,659 3,222 2,284 1,525 101 002 655 469 108 613 4,413 5,405 3.129 4,703 6,140 5,710 395 379 373 505 685 702 218 153 261 283 201 4,657 2,536 1,831 1,563 1,431 1,263 1,107 1,540 581 609 852 716 780 630 510 1,770 1.688 1,780 2,364 2,508 2,357 23 17 17 14 11 2 Public utilities—Con. Petroleum Electric pipeline light and power Other Public utilities 13,749 14,874 13,837 14,197 15,131 13,959 11,185 10,292 10,558 10,004 2 2 997 21,068 2 Private construction—Con. Year Farm, nonresidential Gas Telephone and telegraph Public construction All other private 45 1,117 943 853 947 Nonresidential buildings Total 48 2,038 1,579 1,367 1,341 1,425 1,353 1,241 1,085 973 539 464 393 331 371 329 278 265 246 17,853 19,258 20,657 20,177 19,733 19,116 18,311 17,793 16,892 Residential 49 776 768 581 581 560 527 507 486 882 Total Industrial 50 51 5,744 6,640 6,881 7,007 6,542 6,054 5,648 5,267 4,670 325 369 410 340 317 324 367 413 408 Educational 3,351 3,799 4,272 4,504 4,199 3,554 3,224 3,035 2,688 Hospital and institutional Other 53 54 504 522 489 477 405 434 398 370 357 1,564 1,950 1,710 1,686 1,621 1,742 1,659 1,449 1,217 Highways, Military roads, and streets facilities 55 501 663 623 573 636 733 835 1,084 1,182 56 6,736 6,886 7,565 7,269 7,365 7,108 7,003 6,998 6,447 CONSTRUCTION Series N 30-60. N 111-131 Value of New Private and Public Construction Put in Place, 1957-59 Dollars: 1915 to 1970—Con. [In millions of dollars] Public construction Private construction—Con. Public utilities—Con. Year Petroleum Electric pipeline light and power Telephone and telegraph Gas All other private 142 147 111 87 6,152 5,758 5,993 5,489 4,753 4,443 4,396 4,109 3,209 2,681 2,430 574 683 926 694 506 243 187 134 362 451 162 120 104 121 106 43 35 23 50 85 9,267 8,826 6,296 4,891 3,881 5,070 6,722 13,392 23,543 14,095 430 474 199 300 634 154 436 1,647 1,260 1,056 3,252 2,861 1,787 923 717 2,190 3,249 4,580 8,749 4,488 304 249 267 145 209 1,730 2,904 4,195 8,048 3,406 1,543 1,302 859 449 213 147 109 171 366 464 682 638 294 121 182 215 155 121 102 134 723 672 367 208 113 98 81 93 233 484 234 182 207 293 329 1,434 1,758 5,144 10,796 4,144 2,722 2,684 1,831 1,652 1,067 611 535 599 1,081 2,019 275 188 197 243 256 166 150 137 258 420 328 260 257 271 184 146 136 136 260 433 101 87 87 90 76 92 118 164 147 196 9,112 9,779 8,414 7,547 9,167 6,016 5,726 4,662 6,239 7,561 529 174 98 268 196 29 3 1,913 3,220 2,228 1,843 2,743 1,342 1,451 1,028 1,827 2,346 481 76 37 6 14 7 40 9 (') 0) 484 1,555 1,037 853 1,441 628 584 228 572 1,093 182 434 323 246 289 155 208 218 366 421 766 1,155 831 738 999 552 619 573 889 832 1,055 354 177 104 88 115 145 122 123 124 2,797 2,877 2,893 2,396 2,497 1,681 1,899 1,819 2,623 2,951 1,255 1,105 1,119 1.220 1,191 1,365 1,497 1,358 757 520 620 631 735 860 810 550 639 443 508 200 799 771 537 468 521 464 394 303 260 192 258 306 330 378 340 340 343 308 303 225 7,311 6,056 5,986 5,710 5,075 4,957 4,226 3,596 4,104 3,422 2,250 2,072 2,007 1,874 1,896 1,801 1,522 1,464 1,641 1,223 0) (!) 1,241 1,223 1,189 1,154 1,255 1,258 1,087 1,053 1,167 866 402 318 340 251 214 192 185 167 205 126 607 531 478 469 427 351 250 244 269 231 81 50 39 30 27 20 22 38 66 122 2,958 2,296 2,260 2,004 1,725 1,681 1,459 1,141 1,384 1,228 752 503 339 468 554 537 215 167 84 167 355 253 232 166 166 208 176 150 196 190 198 232 336 417 2,420 459 80 146 321 2,755 4,515 2,027 81 73 783 665 507 663 749 763 1,879 2,122 1,717 1,413 925 618 416 368 657 812 ,308 ,015 832 740 439 366 388 169 234 316 1940. 1939. 1938. 1937. 1936. 1935. 1934. 1933. 1932. 1931. 103 62 196 129 64 39 24 130 253 873 861 766 620 434 277 213 208 398 769 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926. 1925. 1924. 1923. 1922. 1921. 93 289 160 238 106 160 199 157 129 90 1920. 1919. 1918. 1917. 1916. 1915. 103 153 73 69 86 101 1,380 1,403 1,385 1,399 1,387 1,238 1,164 1,095 1,030 1,089 1,073 1,017 1,007 896 799 917 1,109 1,175 Public service enterprises All other public 1,459 1,472 1,493 1,427 1,147 1,133 1,011 948 817 908 538 451 403 416 277 230 209 222 182 « (•) (') 0) (') 0) (!) (!) 685 40 95 (') (1) 0) (!) (') (!) Public construction—Con. Public construction—Con. 1960. 1959* 1958. 1957. 1956. 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952- 53 1,320 1,336 1,449 1,398 1,297 1,442 1,467 1,158 1,483 1,612 1,060 290 242 239 214 129 99 171 191 204 155 1,676 1,605 1,429 1,445 1,345 1,255 52 1,174 1,105 1,027 976 880 823 823 735 585 442 620 1950. 1949. 1948. 1947. 1946. 1945. 1944. 1943. 1942. 1941. 1,611 51 342 380 418 390 365 323 338 385 438 612 678 225 260 197 189 206 132 1,102 1,134 1,406 56 50 2,813 2,664 2,579 2,879 2,908 2,748 2,742 2,466 2,029 1,997 1,943 961 1,059 933 913 1,080 1,084 865 736 695 660 580 1,535 1,695 2,108 1,709 1,807 1,956 1,878 1,565 1,549 1,431 55 Other 461 402 363 411 478 487 848 1,780 2,055 1,983 1,180 1,071 1,047 1,171 1,060 1,154 1,137 1,110 909 1,081 981 1,429 1970. 1969.. 1968. 1967.. 1966.. 1965. 19641963. 1962. 1961. 54 Total Hospital and institutional 4,790 4,551 4,387 4,656 4,631 4,381 4,751 5,366 5,107 5,034 4,421 1,876 1,980 1,963 2,286 2.219 1,870 1,866 2,101 2,276 2,037 1,788 Conservation and development Highways, roads, and streets Educational 803 686 941 852 515 304 288 374 614 737 687 107 127 125 156 162 134 153 275 417 351 235 Sewer and water systems 49 Military facilities Industrial 16,659 15,653 16,004 15,402 14,125 13,383 13,323 13,443 12,929 12,548 11,209 1961. 1960. 1959* 1958. 1957. 1956. 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. 853 220 154 120 114 107 125 103 57 Conservation and development 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1,054 947 945 838 613 397 225 190 264 400 609 1,238 1,351 1,298 1,048 737 529 299 390 702 913 1,230 250 241 298 278 262 182 138 124 124 188 320 69 90 84 108 111 26 19 40 332 156 229 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 855 946 879 798 943 540 511 330 1,336 1,441 1,397 1,513 1,794 1,932 1,422 1,101 337 353 349 330 465 213 165 225 290 414 393 295 441 164 130 37 2 3 4 5 Public service enterprises Public construction—Con. Sewer and water systems Year * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii, except that the nonfarm component of series N 33 should be interpreted as including estimates for Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1946. 1 Public industrial and commercial building not segregable from private construction, 1915-1932; amount believed negligible. Residential 48 43 Year Nonresidential buildings Total1 All other public Public service enterprises Sewer and water systems Conservation and development 1932 1931 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 573 869 1,038 751 902 935 858 836 770 551 502 415 341 216 188 184 219 232 490 714 521 478 520 644 367 389 210 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 594 676 544 372 380 314 335 470 659 190 161 159 134 119 97 100 138 224 148 155 133 112 108 120 153 200 232 Year Excludes farm housing. Excludes building by privately owned public utilities. Includes local transit. Includes farm housing. 621 N CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING 118-137 Series N 61. [In millions of dollars. Maintenance and repair Construction Expenditures for Maintenance and Repair: 1915 to 1963 Includes work relief expenditures, 1933-1943. Maintenance and repair Year Year Beginning 1950, figures not entirely comparable with those lor earlier years) Maintenance and repair Maintenance and repair Year Year 61 61 Maintenance and repair Maintenance and repair Year 61 20,540 20,305 19,777 19,237 1954 1953 1952 1951 14,708 14,413 14,140 13,316 18,957 17,558 17,920 16,978 15,858 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 12,055 11,966 11,801 10,374 8,062 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 6,096 5,316 4,998 4,601 4,485 1940 1939 1938 1937 4,119 3,978 3,884 3,895 1936 1935 1934 1933 3,795 3,145 2,942 2,478 1927 1926 1925 1924 3,926 3,751 3,533 3,380 1932 1931 1930 1929 1928 2,576 3,232 3,874 4,201 3,977 1923 1922 1921 3,209 2,960 2,863 1920 1919 1918 2,982 2,561 2,247 1917 1916 1915 1,927 1,808 1,711 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. Series N 62-65. Expenditures for Private Nonfarm Residential Building: 1889 to 1921 [In millions of dollars] New housekeeping units Current dollars Constant 1929 dollars Current dollars Constant 1929 dollars 62 63 64 65 1,795 1,072 1,258 391 769 1,255 1,882 903 1,366 494 1,155 2,202 185 140 140 90 110 116 194 118 152 114 165 204 192 081 108 113 000 2,228 2,071 2,135 2,069 1,905 108 106 106 108 109 202 203 204 201 208 Series N 66-69. New housekeeping units Additions and alterations to housekeeping units Year Current dollars Additions and alterations to housekeeping units Constant 1929 dollars Current dollars Constant 1929 dollars New housekeeping units Year Current dollars Constant 1929 dollars 62 63 Additions and alterations to housekeeping units Current dollars Constant 1929 dollars 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 1,028 1,272 1,034 1,037 1,170 1,932 2,475 2,089 2,029 2,393 112 118 114 111 111 211 230 230 217 227 1899 1898 1897 1896 1895 608 574 643 606 679 1,579 1,599 1,869 1,726 1,946 71 72 76 77 77 184 201 221 219 221 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 1900 1,154 690 607 572 610 433 2,593 1,624 1,412 1,378 1,521 1,067 110 98 84 76 73 70 247 231 195 183 182 172 1894 1893 1892 1891 1890 1889 594 583 763 612 790 806 1,678 1,589 2,073 1,615 2,015 2,067 78 79 80 82 85 85 220 215 217 216 217 217 Value of New Public Construction Put in Place, by Ownership and Source of Funds: 1915 to 1970 [In millions of dollars] All public construction Federal ownership State and local ownership Federal grantsin-aid 1 Year All public construction Federal ownership State and local ownership Total Federal grantsin-aid 1 Year All public construction 67 69 28,096 27,963 27,605 25,536 24,007 3,290 3,313 3,367 3,475 3,964 22,062 20,383 19,357 17,869 17,148 4,014 3,898 4,001 3,913 3,879 18,048 16,485 3,489 15,356 3,150 13,956 2,556 13,269 2,426 15,863 16,070 15,457 14,059 12,732 3,622 3,724 3,387 2,974 2,726 12,241 12,346 12,070 11,085 10,006 2,267 2,711 2,106 1,269 857 11,715 11,712 11,242 10,779 9,255 2,769 3,428 4,139 4,186 2,982 8,946 8,284 7,103 6,594 6,274 739 675 700 550 464 24,806 24,651 24,238 22,061 20,043 1950.. 1949-. 1948-. 1947_. 1946 2 6,866 6,269 4,704 3,319 2,231 1,624 1,488 1,177 840 865 5,242 4,781 3,527 2,479 1,366 454 461 417 409 244 1946 > 1945.. 1944-. 1943.. 1942.. 1941-. 2,362 2,398 3,073 6,322 10,660 5,751 870 1,737 2,505 5,609 9,313 3,751 1,492 661 568 713 1,347 2,000 244 99 126 268 475 697 1940.. 1939 .. 1938.. 1937.. 1936.. 3,628 3,809 3,420 3,096 3,516 1,182 759 717 776 797 2,446 3,050 2,703 2,320 2,719 946 1,377 1,320 1,117 1,566 1935.. 1934.. 1933.. 1932-. 2,233 2,211 1,648 1,862 814 626 516 333 1,419 1,585 1,132 1,529 567 721 286 111 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 1 Construction programs receiving Federal grant-in-aid funds cover highways, schools, hospitals, airports, and miscellaneous community facilities. 622 Federal ownership Federal grantsin-aid 1 68 1931 2,659 271 2,388 235 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 2,858 2,486 2,485 2,409 2,144 209 155 122 98 92 2,649 2,331 2,363 2,311 2,052 104 80 85 81 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 2,138 1,901 1,622 1,684 1,564 100 111 108 100 122 2,038 1,790 1,514 1,584 1,442 89 100 77 78 78 1920 1919 1918 1917. 1916 1915. 1,352 1,976 2,238 1,279 708 719 232 1,120 814 604 625 642 648 * Comparable with later years. Comparable with earlier years. 1 State and local ownership 1,162 1,634 654 66 71 95 65 10 5 CONSTRUCTION Series N 70-77. N 111-131 Expenditures for New Construction, Private Residential and Nonresidential and Public, in Current and Constant (1929) Dollars: 1869 to 1955 [In millions of dollars] Total new construction Year 1 Private nonfarm residential building 2 Private nonresidential construction 1 Public construction 3 Current dollars Constant 1929 dollars Current dollars Constant 1929 dollars Current dollars Constant 1929 dollars Current dollars Constant 1929 dollars 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 45,153 39,792 37,172 34,624 32,750 18,585 16,852 15,694 15,032 14,680 16,256 13,200 11,663 10,915 10,783 6,557 5,489 4,813 4,582 4,648 16,478 14,663 14,115 12,808 12,549 6,534 5,990 5,825 5,535 5,584 11,122 10,899 10,087 9,513 8,531 4,946 4,926 4,489 4,301 4,043 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 29,733 23,858 22,729 17,462 12,653 14,406 12,031 11,309 9,667 8,492 12,425 8,082 8,425 6,185 3,870 5,763 3,956 4,002 3,270 2,479 10,308 9,371 9,479 7,844 6,421 4,964 4,672 4,754 4,321 4,357 6,823 6,268 4,667 3,229 2,174 3,591 3,334 2,475 1,965 1,530 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 6,231 5,785 8,648 14,381 12,380 4,836 4,653 6,926 12,115 11,642 1,060 790 870 1,665 3,415 752 598 718 1,438 3,116 2,773 1,922 1,456 2,056 3,214 2,209 1,636 1,339 2,091 3,187 1,708 2,236 3,772 5,644 4,131 1,328 1,750 2,900 4,447 3,749 9,080 8,566 7,380 7,499 6,797 9,065 8,683 7,385 7,540 7,295 2,895 2,590 1,915 1,795 1,505 2,846 2,643 1,988 1,916 1,787 2,557 2,167 2,045 2,608 1,776 2,520 2,175 1,979 2,594 1,933 3,243 3,684 3,358 3,059 3,487 3,293 3,729 3,351 2,990 3,542 4,532 3,920 3,079 3,738 6,627 5,026 4,214 3,673 4,845 7,457 960 580 435 590 1,495 1,193 699 571 775 1,663 1,339 1,129 996 1,286 2,473 1,468 1,203 1,160 1,444 2,668 2,196 2,164 1,612 1,828 2,619 2,321 2,257 1,896 2,579 3,079 9,041 11,193 11,988 12,439 12,584 9,352 11,193 12,268 12,699 12,773 1,875 3,380 4,510 4,830 5,190 1,923 3,380 4,703 5,052 5,356 4,308 5,327 4,993 5,200 5,250 4,380 5,327 5,113 5,343 5,382 2,829 2,467 2,470 2,397 2,133 3,018 2,467 2,437 2,293 2,025 11,891 10,792 9,732 8,016 6,359 12,066 10,752 9,653 8,768 6,341 5,160 4,805 4,170 3,155 1,980 5,364 4,958 4,242 3,597 2,076 4,593 4,086 3,940 3,177 2,815 4,712 4,092 3,985 3,524 2,870 2,130 1,892 1,606 1,659 1,515 1,982 1,694 1,412 1,622 1,349 _ 6,727 6,396 5,126 4,641 4,162 5,414 6,300 5,676 6,090 6,783 1,212 1,398 481 879 1,371 1,021 1,518 608 1,320 2,406 4,163 3,022 2,407 2,483 2,083 3,414 2,919 2,617 3,148 3,275 1,191 887 683 671 687 857 817 737 853 1,071 _ 3,509 3,659 4,988 4,546 4,144 6,363 6,701 8,879 8,280 7,678 1,300 1,187 1,214 1,221 1,109 2,430 2,274 2,339 2,270 2,113 1,490 1,808 3,183 2,765 2,459 2,646 3,210 5,481 4,982 4,496 702 645 591 560 576 1,259 1,186 1,059 1,028 1,069 4,425 4,467 3,891 4,342 3,951 8,234 8,471 7,496 8,049 7,615 1,140 1,390 1,148 1,148 1,281 2,143 2,705 2,319 2,246 2,620 2,764 2,589 2,245 2,750 2,307 5,118 4,832 4,210 4,980 4,288 521 488 498 444 363 973 934 967 823 707 3,327 3,023 3,063 3,107 2,705 6,968 6,625 6,632 6,964 6,241 1,264 788 691 648 683 2,840 1,855 1,607 1,561 1,703 1,721 1,903 2,085 2,228 1,809 3,414 4,047 4,420 4,897 4,058 342 332 287 231 213 714 723 605 506 480 2,471 2,069 1,982 2,088 1,875 5,562 4,866 5,118 5,493 4,744 503 679 646 719 683 1,239 1,763 1,800 2,090 1,945 1,761 1,205 1,174 1,219 1,046 3,866 2,678 2,908 3,014 2,435 207 185 162 150 146 457 425 410 389 364 189 5 _ 1894 1893 1892 1891__ 2,192 2,093 2,190 2,718 2,141 5,598 5,300 5,338 6,570 5,033 756 672 662 843 694 2,167 1,898 1,804 2,290 1,831 1,295 1,282 1,390 1,743 1,320 3,073 3,051 3,199 3,962 2,904 141 139 138 132 127 358 351 335 318 298 1890_ 1889 1884-1893 * _ _ 1879-1888 4 _ _ 1874-1883 4 1869-1878 4 2,393 1,645 1 894 1,330 966 802 5,451 3,735 4,358 2,985 2,154 1,671 875 891 2,232 2,284 1,394 635 2,937 1,181 124 119 282 270 1955 1954 1953 1952. 1951 _ _ _ _ 1940 1939.. 1938 1937 _ 1936 ___ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ 1935 1934 1933.__ 1932 _ 1931 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926_ 1925 1924 1923 1922_ 1921 _ 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 _ __ ______ _ 1905 1904 1903 _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ ___ 1902_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1901 1900 _ __ __ ___ 1899 _ 1898 1897 1896 1 2 _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ __ _ __ Includes oil and gas well drilling. Total housekeeping, including additions and alterations. 8 4 Excludes military. Annual averages per year for overlapping decades. 623 CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING N 118-137 Series N 78-89. Value of Construction Contracts Awarded (Dodge), by Class of Construction: 1901 to 1970 Includes new structures and alterations to existing structures. Figures for 1901-1909 are for New England States only; 1910-1922, for 27 States except as noted; 1923-1924, for 36 States; 1925-1955, for 37 States; 1956-1969, for 48 States; thereafter, for 50 States. See text! [In millions of dollars. Nonresidential buildings Total Year Total Commercial Industrial Educational and science Hospital Public buildings Religious Social and recreational Miscellaneous 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 78 Residential buildings Nonbuilding construction 88 89 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966. 68,294 68,294 61,732 54,514 50,150 24,455 25,949 22,513 20,139 19,393 9,056 9,786 7,645 6,080 5,835 3,664 3,915 3,768 3,701 3,623 5,253 5,543 5,347 5,216 4,939 2,811 2,817 2,114 1,873 1,721 1,007 1,154 1,112 959 939 575 674 778 793 825 1,137 1,116 954 834 855 952 944 795 683 656 24,837 25,633 24,838 21,165 17,827 19,001 16,710 14,382 13,220 12,930 1965 1964_ 1963 1962 1961, 49,272 47,330 45,646 41,303 37,135 17,219 15,522 14,377 13,010 12,115 5,457 4,572 4,445 4,216 3,797 3,064 2,970 2,274 2,086 1,814 4,164 3,554 3,314 3,060 3,015 1,515 1,625 1,485 1,079 985 842 789 964 677 671 783 814 755 811 805 800 599 648 704 623 596 598 493 377 403 21,248 20,565 20,502 18,039 16,123 10,806 11,244 10,667 10,255 8,897 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 36,318 36,269 35,090 32,173 31,612 12,240 11,387 10,948 11,293 11,208 3,725 3,496 3,197 3,267 3,140 2,114 1,880 1,400 2,168 2,381 3,005 2,666 2,907 2,936 2,883 832 865 879 870 678 679 605 655 470 428 789 799 746 699 681 631 601 500 429 422 464 474 664 455 595 15,105 17,150 14,696 13,039 12,862 8,973 7,732 9,446 7,841 7,642 1955. 1954 1953 1952 1951 24,632 20,596 18,804 18,070 17,151 8,497 7,110 6,956 6,695 6,823 2,359 1,816 1,489 979 915 1,878 1,274 2,051 2,558 2,883 2,134 2,063 1,720 1,472 1,335 476 519 434 444 581 301 249 203 233 158 551 486 385 318 299 270 252 222 153 136 530 452 452 538 515 11,072 9,344 7,840 7,963 7,605 5,063 4,142 4,008 3,412 2,723 1960 1949 1948 1947 1946 16,592 11,826 11,121 9,175 7,490 5,182 3,644 3,666 2,716 2,716 1,209 885 975 785 773 1,142 559 840 941 1,317 1,180 824 725 392 221 655 555 405 192 131 124 119 84 73 25 336 276 245 118 68 261 222 232 122 93 274 204 161 92 88 8,832 5,706 5,299 4,569 3,142 2,578 2,476 2,155 1,890 1,631 1945_ 1944 1943 1942 1941 3,299 1,994 3,274 8,255 6,007 1,850 899 1,424 3,897 2,316 346 81 121 302 471 1,027 473 766 2,228 1,182 100 69 62 148 141 113 59 111 185 89 16 12 25 102 89 35 12 7 24 53 60 33 58 101 78 153 161 274 808 214 563 348 868 1,818 1,954 885 746 982 2,541 1,738 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 4,004 3,551 3,197 2,913 2,675 1,295 966 1,072 1,156 960 318 247 216 297 249 442 176 121 314 198 147 201 334 223 219 94 83 116 82 74 80 110 114 105 102 46 38 36 37 28 63 82 108 84 75 104 29 28 15 14 1,597 1,334 986 905 802 1,112 1,251 1,139 852 914 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1,845 1,543 1,256 1,351 3,093 681 551 417 488 1,141 165 151 99 123 311 109 116 128 44 116 168 112 39 81 223 47 37 37 48 121 98 56 51 118 181 24 18 18 27 53 55 46 27 34 99 16 15 19 13 36 479 249 249 280 811 685 743 589 583 1,141 4,523 5,751 6,628 6,303 6,381 6,006 1,822 2,425 2,438 2,439 2,418 2,202 616 929 885 933 921 872 257 546 509 376 471 327 366 370 390 369 373 419 163 152 165 163 133 111 140 121 76 80 67 55 93 106 128 157 149 153 117 147 219 261 252 253 71 55 67 102 52 12 1,101 1,916 2,788 2,573 2,671 2,748 1,599 1,410 1,402 1,291 1,292 1,057 1930 1929 1928... 1927 1926 1925_ ___ Nonresidential buildings Year Total 78 Total1 Commercial Industrial Public and institutional 79 80 81 83-87 Residential buildings Nonbuilding construction 88 89 4,479 3,992 3,344 2,355 1,583 1,456 1,395 998 591 518 496 332 233 313 278 153 721 601 699 461 2,052 1,736 1,340 879 844 801 609 479 1920 2 1919 2 1918 1917 1916 1915 2,564 2,580 1,767 1,691 1,413 978 1,394 1,213 444 406 555 498 345 266 570 849 305 355 483 418 600 517 1 Includes theaters, not shown separately. States only. Totals for 27 States are: 1919, 2,699; 1920, 2,635. 624 Total Total Year 78 78 1924 1923 1922 1921 125 Year 1914 1913 1912 775 917 923 1907 1906 1906 1911 1910. _ 1909 1908 828 859 166 112 1904 1903 1902.. 1901 _ _ 129 125 107 97 104 119 120 CONSTRUCTION Series N 90-100. N 111-131 Floor Space of Buildings for Which Construction Contracts Awarded (Dodge), by Class of Construction: 1919 to 1970 Includes new structures and alterations to existing structures. Figures for 1919-1922 are for 27 States; 1923-1924, for 36 States; 1925-1955, for 37 States; 1956-1969, for 48 States; thereafter, for 50 States. See text] [In millions of square feet. Nonresidential buildings Total1 Year Total Commercial Industrial Educational and science Hospital Public buildings Religious Social and recreational Miscellaneous 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 90 Residential buildings 100 2,938 3,249 3,129 2,820 2,643 1,157 1,374 1,254 1,165 1,227 530 573 496 424 442 212 317 284 270 312 195 221 234 242 245 75 87 69 66 60 29 36 39 37 37 27 33 39 41 45 47 53 46 42 47 42 54 47 43 40 1,781 1,874 1,876 1,654 1,416 2,843 2,738 2,711 2,414 2,203 1,132 1,024 958 894 838 415 360 347 326 293 265 239 187 174 150 225 202 197 191 194 60 67 65 49 44 36 34 43 34 33 45 50 48 53 53 47 36 38 40 41 38 36 32 27 29 1,711 1,714 1,753 1,520 1,364 2,154 2,337 2,101 2,003 2,017 854 824 768 809 823 283 281 243 245 244 178 158 113 176 192 196 181 201 207 200 36 38 38 40 33 33 34 37 27 27 53 54 51 50 48 44 43 37 31 30 31 35 47 33 48 1,300 1,512 1,333 1,195 1,194 1,695 1,486 1,306 1,288 1,279 604 532 490 441 470 173 138 123 82 77 125 100 112 115 148 155 154 124 107 110 23 28 23 26 38 18 16 13 15 11 37 34 28 22 25 20 19 17 12 11 53 44 50 62 50 1,089 953 814 845 805 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1,475 1,038 1,060 1,060 946 483 344 385 349 432 122 86 101 100 119 115 61 110 143 235 111 79 72 41 26 45 42 35 20 15 10 8 6 6 2 29 25 21 12 8 24 21 22 14 11 28 22 18 12 15 989 694 673 707 516 1945.. 1944 1943 1942 1941 397 229 448 1,296 941 285 156 245 848 440 63 12 22 74 106 158 84 106 446 188 13 10 12 31 24 11 8 20 34 15 2 2 5 20 14 5 1 1 3 9 8 5 13 23 15 26 33 66 216 69 111 74 201 449 503 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 690 513 429 446 410 268 179 186 204 183 67 49 42 62 57 95 44 25 61 40 25 34 57 36 42 14 12 17 11 10 12 15 16 12 14 7 6 5 6 4 12 12 18 14 13 37 6 6 1 1 421 333 241 236 223 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 252 152 147 156 366 114 86 73 80 171 35 28 23 24 50 21 18 19 9 20 26 17 6 14 37 6 4 6 7 17 14 9 10 16 24 4 3 3 4 6 8 7 6 6 14 1 1 2 1 3 135 64 73 74 190 510 791 967 851 884 936 272 398 394 351 356 362 97 161 159 142 152 160 48 106 93 68 76 67 57 59 61 54 54 61 19 20 20 19 15 14 17 13 11 10 8 8 11 13 15 17 16 19 16 22 28 34 30 32 7 6 6 7 4 1 230 388 568 495 521 659 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 _. ___ 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 I960 1959 1958 1957 1956 .. 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 ... — 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926.. 1925 Nonresidential buildings Total Year 90 1924 1923 1922 . . . 695 674 570 Nonresidential buildings Total2 Commercial Industrial Public and institutional 91 92 93 96-99 274 281 259 112 110 95 48 68 62 109 99 98 Residential buildings 100 422 393 312 1 For early years, includes a small amount of floor space reported for public works and utilities. Year Total 90 1921 1920 1919 2 385 402 557 Total2 Commercial Industrial Public and institutional 91 92 93 96-99 180 264 315 65 84 110 35 125 152 74 49 47 Residential buildings 100 205 138 242 Includes theaters, not shown separately, 625 N 118-137 CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING Series N 101-110. Construction Bidding Volume (Engineering News-Record), by Type: 1913 to 1970 [In millions of dollars] Public works Total volume 101 Private buildings Sewerage Bridges Earthwork, irrigation, drainage Streets, roads Buildings Industrial 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 1,663 1,289 1,247 911 730 1,027 1,337 696 822 485 1,596 648 774 1,039 1,067 6,689 5,993 4,813 5,142 4,181 7,391 7,649 6,313 5,582 4,816 3,254 3,505 4,467 5,135 4,635 6,228 5,268 7,779 8,366 7,187 2,388 2,581 2,090 1,731 1,296 24,025 21,895 21,370 22,123 21,981 401 470 460 391 431 685 790 950 777 819 347 540 640 601 651 1,407 1,138 1,055 1,075 804 4,096 4,259 4,070 4,037 3,712 4,197 3,176 2,810 13,490 13,427 3,632 3,708 2,750 2,544 2,817 7,888 6,405 7,165 7,376 7,636 1,372 1,409 1,470 1,832 1,685 22,654 20,423 19,165 17,986 21,712 455 376 306 369 356 619 656 618 556 579 794 570 713 781 622 780 915 1,045 969 730 3,401 2,899 3,729 2,965 2,475 13,300 13,195 13,664 12,995 12,417 2,792 2,993 1,756 3,081 5,336 8,061 6,861 5,534 4,795 7,358 2,462 1,958 1,799 1,475 1,841 18,722 14,412 15,171 16,689 13,605 314 246 247 231 209 402 388 431 304 335 546 510 752 413 316 546 339 374 496 505 2,137 1,919 1,793 1,397 1,167 i1,987 12,017 12,112 114,899 12,701 2,951 1,876 3,178 2,722 4,124 7,794 5,653 4,621 3,845 2,632 2,046 1,465 1,663 1,382 1,617 13,342 8,157 7,219 5,659 5,176 215 207 209 139 109 287 277 228 175 114 369 357 303 196 129 417 524 519 327 328 1,268 897 996 794 769 13,754 11,736 1,161 615 414 1,683 950 1,096 862 1,113 4,092 2,406 1,888 1,898 1,846 1,256 803 820 652 354 2,289 1,730 >3,062 <9,306 5,869 61 33 46 151 77 35 32 41 118 89 53 17 26 50 112 57 64 47 251 245 227 196 227 531 583 463 658 1,419 5,678 2,786 635 174 167 200 496 387 140 231 292 486 371 416 858 2,034 996 3,987 3,003 2,792 2,437 2,387 70 163 131 104 92 91 160 136 95 121 120 151 135 133 188 234 233 268 110 182 678 644 638 415 483 1,196 593 503 333 436 594 283 152 477 309 400 388 550 460 275 603 390 279 309 300 1,590 1,361 1,068 1,219 2,432 3,173 81 92 67 35 57 49 100 61 22 25 73 83 98 99 98 84 116 131 259 266 137 101 143 77 325 345 288 380 645 685 298 204 121 241 384 356 172 105 152 93 166 331 109 81 106 166 561 1,034 148 106 77 95 387 528 New building permits, value Newman In current prices (1920-30 = 100) In 1913 prices (1913 = 100) 112 113 111 1939 1938 1937 1936 78.8 70.6 67.0 69.4 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 39.8 21.4 19.0 28.0 78.8 626 10.8 14.0 40.5 Dollar volume of new Riggle- construction, manNewcomb Isard (1920-29 (1920-29 = 100) = 100) 114 22 28 71 12.63 16.77 41.65 115 Total Year buildings 101 902 712 591 723 431 Series N 111-117. Year Commercial, multi-unit residential 31,128 28,982 28,760 29,451 24,828 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 1 Includes contracts awarded for atomic energy plants as follows (in millions): 1949, $247; 1950, $2,020; 1951, $123; 1952, $2,829; 1953, $72; 1954, $19; 1955, $131; 1956, $86; 1957, $64; 1958, $84; 1959, $241; 1960, $59; 1961, $82; 1962, $106. Long (1930 = 100) Unclassified Waterworks 108 1929 1928 1927 1926 3,950 3,551 3,254 2,854 547 353 321 312 1926 1924 1923 1922 1921 2,569 1,999 1,904 1,557 1,194 228 205 282 198 118 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1,523 1,176 993 739 933 453 381 261 175 260 1915 1914 1913 585 583 601 91 38 41 3 Deduct $400 million for cost savings on Portsmouth, Ohio, atomic energy plant originally estimated to cost $1.2 billion. ' Add $1,357 million for atomic bomb plants. « $1,800 million canceled by War Production Board. Indexes of Building Activity: 1830 to 1939 Urban dwelling units, Blank (1929 = 100) Number of units started Permit valuation 116 117 Urban dwelling units, Blank Dollar (1929 = 100) volume of new Riggle- construction, manNewcomb Isard (1920-29 (1920-29 Number Permit = 100) = 100) valuaof units tion started New building permits, value Newman Long (1930 = 100) In current prices (1920-30 = 100) In 1913 prices (1913 = 100) 111 112 113 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 100.0 187.3 199.1 214.4 239.6 56.5 100.3 114.3 118.5 130.9 86 149 170 176 194 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 252.3 213.3 212.7 167.6 107.6 137.7 119.9 116.4 94.3 61.1 204 173 167 151 90 Year 116 117 54.49 97.55 109.16 113.36 128.49 100.0 155.5 172.8 192.3 100.0 153.9 173.3 190.1 135.95 115.50 113.20 92.49 60.81 208.1 193.9 193.7 156.5 94.2 207.0 187.1 178.5 140.3 83.3 114 115 CONSTRUCTION Series N 111-117. N 111-131 Indexes of Building Activity: 1830 to 1939—Con. Urban dwelling Dollar units, Blank volume (1929 = 100) of new Riggle- construction, manNewcomb Isard (1920-29 (1920-29 Number Permit = 100) = 100) of units valuastarted tion New building permits, value New building permits, value Newman Long (1930 = 100) In current prices (1920-30 = 100) In 1913 prices (1913 = 100) 112 113 111 Year 1865 1864 1863 1862.. 1861... 58 70 27 59 100 48.93 44.84 14.74 24.10 37.56 47.2 68.6 24.6 48.3 101.3 43.6 55.3 13.5 26.9 54.2 62.8 56.1 62.3 69.2 65.5 31.2 29.9 33.1 35.6 33.2 94 92 100 108 104 30.26 28.81 32.12 35.37 32.79 30.0 33.0 36.0 37.0 101.0 93.2 96.2 105.9 106.4 50.4 44.4 47.2 52.7. 50.9 64.9 65.6 57.6 50.4 57.9 34.5 38.8 27.3 31.4 34.6 109 125 89 98 109 33.97 35.68 26.43 29.63 31.92 35.0 31.0 29.0 28.0 31.0 106.7 118.5 92.0 102.9 121.3 53.3 60.4 43.5 45.6 52.7 56.1 41.6 36.9 36.0 35.3 31.9 22.9 19.8 18.4 17.0 106 80 71 69 66 29.66 22.09 18.29 17.99 17.72 30.0 25.0 22.0 21.0 19.0 134.0 83.6 59.9 49.5 75.1 53.2 32.6 24.1 21.7 30.3 22.5 30.0 23.0 25.3 23.4 11.6 16.7 12.7 14.5 13.3 46 70 58 67 60 11.69 14.89 11.93 13.57 12.64 18.0 15.0 17.0 16.0 18.0 49.3 84.9 65.3 75.4 58.7 20.8 33.6 25.0 28.0 23.3 28.0 21.0 16.5 12.2 73 55 15.26 11.56 17.0 16.0 73.6 54.4 27.7 20.9 10.55 8.92 _ 6.10 3.91 5.34 3.34 3.68 _ 5.29 Value of new building permits, Riggleman-Isard (1920-29 = 100) Year Year 1859. 1858.__ _ _ 1857.__ _ 1856 _ 4.61 3.95 6.70 6.46 119 113 1855.. 1854 1853 __ 1852 1851 . 5.94 6.07 5.96 5.28 4.35 _ Associated General Contractors 120 Residences 114 116 12.6 19.3 17.6 55 84 76 12.87 17.02 15.75 16.0 16.0 17.0 55.1 77.8 67.9 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886 29.5 29.0 21.0 25.1 22.5 17.5 15.4 11.2 11.8 12.9 46 47 51 18.11 17.06 13.83 14.40 13.24 17.0 16.0 15.0 14.0 13.0 84.5 88.3 74.7 91.1 82.1 1885 1884 1883 1882 1881 19.5 17.3 17.1 16.5 15.3 11.2 10.5 10.4 8.9 6.7 47 44 39 33 27 11.60 9.97 10.13 8.99 7.33 11.0 11.0 11.0 10.0 71.8 63.5 52.9 38.2 36.4 1880 1879 1878 1877 1876 11.5 8.9 6.1 5.5 6.5 5.4 4.1 4.0 4.5 4.6 22 19 17 19 18 5.64 4.53 3.90 4.55 5.12 7.0 5.0 4.3 4.5 5.3 32.1 21.4 16.3 17.5 21.0 1875 1874 1873 1872 1871 7.5 8.4 12.6 14.1 21.5 5.4 20 6.22 6.42 11.97 12.30 15.41 5.9 10.2 13.2 13.8 24.9 24.5 25.8 27.3 39.3 1870 1869 1868 17.5 20.3 17.4 13.79 14.88 13.25 14.7 14.0 12.9 Value of new building permits, Riggleman-Isard (1920-29 = 100) Year 10.0 8.2 Year 27.8 Value of new building permits, Riggleman-Isard (1920-29 = 100) 114 1850 __ _ _ _ 1849 1848. _ _ . . . 1847. . _ _ . 1846.__ 4.04 3.01 2.71 2.96 2.08 1845. . . _ . 1844 1843 _ . _ . . . 1842 1.41 .99 .80 1.01 114 1841 1.35 1840 1839 1838 1837 1836 1.28 1.70 1.82 2.27 4.45 _ _ 1835 1834 . ... . . 1833 1832 1831 1.97 1.63 1.02 1830 .71 2.61 2.10 Construction Cost Indexes: 1913 to 1970 K. H. Boeckh and Associates 118 112 24.3 34.2 31.3 Value of new building permits, Riggleman-Isard (1920-29 = 100) [1967 = 100, except series N 137. American Appraisal Company In 1913 prices (1913 = 100) 114 Series N 118-137. Department of Commerce composite In current prices (1920-30 = 100) 1893. 1892 1891. 114 I860... _ Year Year 50.9 47.9 14.5 26.2 37.2 ... Long (1930 = 100) 115 114 1867.__ 1866 Newman 87.6 81.9 24.1 49.7 74.2 Value of new building permits, Riggleman-Isard (1920-29 = 100) Urban dwelling units, Blank Dollar (1929 = 100) volume of new Riggle- construcmantion, Isard Newcomb (1920-29 (1920-29 Number = 100) = 100) of units started ApartCommerments, cial and hotels, and factory office buildings buildings Excludes Alaska and Hawaii for all years] Engineering News-Record Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Building Construction Farm housing 126 121 122 123 124 125 Handy-Whitman public utility George A . Fuller Co., commercial Electric Other farm con- buildings light and Gas struction Buildings plant power plants 128 127 129 130 131 1970... 1969... 1968.__ 1967.._ 1966... 122 114 106 100 96 124 116 107 100 95 126 114 105 100 96 122.4 116.2 107.3 100.0 94.3 124.4 116.1 107.0 100.0 94.3 123.1 114.5 106.8 100.0 93.9 124.4 117.7 107.4 100.0 96.9 128.9 118.7 107.9 100.0 95.2 108 100 96 118 115 106 100 96 127 116 105 100 98 121 113 105 100 97 117 110 104 100 97 119 110 104 100 96 1965.._ 1964.._ 1963... 1962... 1961.__ 93 90 88 86 84 91 88 86 83 81 93 90 86 84 83 90.4 87.6 85.2 83.4 82.1 90.7 87.7 85.2 83.2 81.3 90.0 87.1 84.6 82.8 81.1 93.3 91.1 88.5 86.3 84.6 90.8 87.4 84.2 81.5 79.2 92 90 90 89 88 93 91 92 91 91 96 94 91 89 85 93 92 90 88 87 94 92 90 88 86 94 90 89 89 88 627 N 118-137 CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING Series N 118-137. Construction Cost Indexes: 1913 to 1970—Con. [1967 = 100] Engineering News-Record G. H . Boeckh and Associates Year Department of Commerce composite American Appraisal Company 118 119 Associated General Contractors ApartCommerments, cial and hotels, and factory buildings office buildings Residences 121 120 122 123 Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Building Construction Farm housing 124 125 126 Handy-Whitman public utility George A. Fuller Co., commerOther cial Electric farm con- buildings Gas light and struction Buildings plant power plants 127 128 129 130 131 1960... 1959... 1958... 1957.__ 1956... 83 82 81 80 77 80 77 75 73 70 81 78 76 73 70 81.8 80.5 77.9 77.2 75.7 80.3 78.7 76.1 74.8 72.5 80.4 79.1 76.4 74.9 72.3 83.3 81.6 78.2 75.7 73.1 76.9 74.5 71.0 67.6 64.7 88 86 84 84 82 91 90 87 86 83 82 81 78 74 71 87 87 84 82 76 85 84 81 77 73 89 89 88 86 81 1955... 1954... 1953... 1952... 1951... 73 71 71 69 68 67 65 64 61 59 67 64 62 59 58 72.5 70.4 71.0 69.7 68.0 69.2 67.2 66.6 64.6 62.5 68.7 66.5 65.7 63.5 61.4 69.9 66.4 64.1 61.9 59.7 61.6 58.7 56.0 53.2 50.7 79 77 78 77 76 80 78 79 78 76 68 66 64 61 60 70 67 65 61 61 67 64 60 58 57 74 72 69 67 65 I960... 1949... 1948... 1947... 1946._. 62 60 60 54 45 55 64 54 47 35 55 52 51 45 39 63.0 59.8 61.4 54.6 45.1 58.0 55.5 54.8 48.6 41.3 56.8 54.6 54.0 47.8 40.7 55.9 52.4 51.3 46.6 39.1 47.7 44.5 43.0 38.6 32.3 69 64 67 62 49 69 72 73 67 54 56 57 56 52 43 56 54 51 45 38 52 50 48 43 36 58 54 51 46 40 1945._. 1944..1943... 1942... 1941... 39 37 38 35 31 30 29 28 26 24 35 34 33 32 30 41.1 38.3 35.2 33.8 31.9 37.8 35.5 33.3 32.0 30.4 37.3 35.2 32.9 31.6 30.2 35.6 35.0 34.1 33.1 31.5 28.8 27.9 27.1 25.9 24.1 45 42 38 33 29 50 47 43 39 33 36 36 35 34 30 33 32 31 31 29 31 31 30 30 28 35 34 34 34 33 1940... 1939... 1938... 1937..1936 . . . 29 28 30 30 28 23 23 22 22 19 29 29 29 29 27 29.6 28.6 28.1 27.3 24.4 29.0 28.5 28.2 27.1 24.3 28.7 28.3 28.0 27.0 24.2 30.2 29.4 29.3 29.2 25.7 22.6 22.0 22.0 21.9 19.2 26 25 25 27 25 31 30 31 31 30 29 29 29 27 25 26 26 26 27 24 27 27 27 27 24 32 31 31 31 28 1935.__ 1934... 1933... 1932... 1931... 27 28 25 23 27 18 17 17 17 20 27 27 24 26 30 23.6 24.2 22.2 22.2 26.3 23.6 23.9 21.7 21.2 24.9 23.5 23.9 21.9 21.4 24.8 24.7 24.8 22.0 21.0 25.3 18.3 18.5 15.9 14.7 17.0 25 25 22 22 25 30 30 26 26 30 25 26 23 23 26 24 24 21 21 23 23 23 21 21 23 28 27 25 25 26 1930... 1929... 1928__. 1927... 1926... 29 30 30 30 30 23 24 24 24 24 30 31 30 30 30 28.5 29.3 28.0 27.9 28.3 26.9 27.4 26.8 26.6 27.0 26.8 27.2 26.4 26.4 26.7 27.6 28.4 28.0 27.7 27.6 19.0 19.4 19.3 19.2 19.5 30 31 31 31 31 34 36 35 36 36 29 29 29 29 29 25 26 26 26 27 23 23 23 24 24 26 28 26 26 26 1925... 1924... 1923... 1922... 1921 30 30 30 27 30 24 24 25 23 24 30 31 30 28 34 28.0 28.3 28.7 25.7 27.9 26.8 26.5 27.1 24.5 26.1 26.5 26.7 26.8 24.0 25.9 27.2 27.6 27.7 23.1 24.7 19.3 20.1 20.0 16.3 18.8 31 31 31 29 28 37 36 35 33 33 29 29 28 26 28 27 29 26 23 26 25 26 24 22 27 27 27 26 27 27 1920 1919 1918... 1917 1916 1915 37 30 27 23 18 16 31 26 20 16 13 11 37 30 27 23 17 15 34.7 26.9 23.2 19.5 16.6 15.6 32.4 25.4 22.3 19.7 16.4 14.6 31.6 25.4 23.1 21.0 17.2 14.8 30.8 23.6 23.7 24.9 19.5 14.2 23.5 18.5 17.7 16.9 12.1 8.7 39 36 29 24 20 18 46 41 36 30 25 22 31 25 23 23 21 19 34 29 29 28 19 17 29 27 25 21 15 13 30 27 26 22 18 15 Year ICC, railroad construction Bell System Telephone plant, telephone and telegraph Buildings Outside plant 133 134 132 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 Federal Highway Administration Turner Construction Company 135 136 Year ICC, railroad construction 132 Bell System Telephone plant, telephone and telegraph Buildings Outside plant 133 134 Federal Highway Administration Turner Construction Company Average of contractor indexes (1913 = 100) 135 136 137 iod 98 125.0 114.7 105.5 100.0 95.7 124.0 111.2 104.5 100.0 96.5 125.6 111.8 103.4 100.0 96.1 129 117 106 100 97 1955... 1954... 1953... 1952.-. 1951— 81 79 79 76 73 72.8 70.7 68.8 66.7 64.9 81.5 78.5 77.7 76.4 74.3 74.2 76.4 81.0 84.1 81.7 71 71 72 71 68 413 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 96 95 95 95 95 91.9 88.9 86.5 84.4 83.6 91.1 89.8 89.3 87.2 87.1 90.3 86.9 86.4 84.3 80.7 94 91 89 87 86 1950 1949 1948.1947.-1946.__ 68 67 67 60 53 61.2 60.2 58.2 53.0 46.1 67.7 68.6 67.8 65.0 53.0 66.6 73.7 76.4 68.3 60.1 61 59 61 55 46 379 371 375 346 292 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 96 95 93 91 87 83.5 82.6 81.0 78.9 76.6 88.9 86.4 84.4 85.9 86.0 80.0 82.0 85.5 87.7 84.0 85 84 83 83 78 1945... 1944... 1943... 1942—. 1941... 49 46 46 43 37 35.7 31.0 30.2 30.2 27.9 46.1 44.3 42.6 40.9 38.3 55.1 57.1 63.1 55.0 41.1 38 35 37 35 31 246 237 236 229 210 628 CONSTRUCTION N 132-155 Construction Cost Indexes: 1913 to 1970- -Con. Series N 118-137. [1967 = 100] Year ICC, railroad construction 132 Bell System Telephone plant, telephone and telegraph Buildings Outside plant 133 134 Federal Highway Administration Turner Construction Company Average of contractor indexes (1913 = 100) 135 136 137 Year ICC, railroad construction Federal Highway Administration Turner Construction Company Average of contractor indexes (1913 = 100) 132 135 136 137 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 35 34 34 35 33 27.1 26.4 26.4 25.6 23.3 37.4 37.4 37.4 37.4 34.8 36.1 36.6 36.8 40.1 41.9 28 26 27 28 24 191 184 187 189 169 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 41 42 42 39 43 54.3 57.1 59.6 53.5 58.7 28 28 28 25 26 199 198 196 174 187 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 32 32 31 32 35 22.5 21.7 20.2 20.9 23.3 34.8 35.7 34.8 34.8 35.7 40.7 42.4 38.8 30.9 38.8 23 23 20 20 21 163 163 148 147 163 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 53 44 39 33 27 70.8 54.5 49.2 40.7 35.5 36 28 24 21 18 232 184 176 151 128 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 38 40 40 40 41 26.4 35.7 43.3 46.6 48.1 51.5 52.2 24 27 28 28 28 182 192 193 195 200 1915 1914 1913 25 33.5 14 113 102 100 Series N 138-139. Building cost, Riggleman (1913 = 100) Residential construction cost, Blank (1929 = 100) 138 139 170.0 157.0 181.4 76.2 76.1 89.9 202.9 207.0 206.8 206.2 208.0 97.5 100.0 95.9 95.6 96.9 206.7 215.4 214.0 174.5 201.8 96.2 96.9 98.3 87.7 95.4 251.3 212.8 170.9 142.9 118.7 92.1 79.2 66.6 Series N 140-155. Year __ Construction Cost Indexes: 1868 to 1933 Building cost, Riggleman (1913 = 100) Residential construction cost, Blank (1929 = 100) 138 139 Year Building cost, Riggleman (1913 = 100) Residential construction cost, Blank (1929 = 100) Year 138 1916 115.6 57.0 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911__ _ __ _ 100.9 98.3 100.0 90.7 93.4 53.5 52.2 51.9 53.8 52.5 1910 1909 1908.. 1907 1906 96.3 90.9 97.2 100.6 95.1 53.2 51.4 49.5 51.1 48.9 1905.. 1904 1903 1902 1901 1900 90.6 87.4 84.0 83.8 83.6 79.9 44.5 42.5 43.0 41.5 40.1 40.6 1899. 1898 1897. 1896. 74.4 67.5 66.5 68.3 38.5 35.9 34.4 35.1 1895. 1894. 1893. 1892 1891. 69.8 69.2 71.1 70.9 70.9 34.9 35.4 36.7 36.8 37.9 1890 1889. 1888. 1887. 39.2 39.0 1886. 73.3 75.3 75.2 77.8 78.1 1885 1884 73.1 73.3 1883.. 1882.. 1881.. 1880.. 1879.. 1878.. 1877.. 1876._ 1875._ 1874.. 1873.. 1872 . 1871.. 1870. 1869 1868.. Indexes of Wholesale Prices for Construction Materials: 1926 to 1970 [1967 = 100] Year Softwood lumber Building All paper construcand tion Millwork P l y w o o d board mate- Douglas Southern rials pine fir Finished steel products Structural shapes Concrete NonStrucferrous Plumb- Heating tural G y p s u m Asphalt metal clay products roofing ing equipproducts 2 Rein- products fixtures 1 ment Ingrediforcing Products ents bars 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 112.5 111.6 105.6 100.0 98.8 108.7 131.7 120.3 100.0 96.8 114.7 126.0 113.7 100.0 100.2 116.0 117.8 105.8 100.0 98.0 108.5 122.5 115.7 100.0 104.0 101.2 105.5 100.9 100.0 100.8 115.3 108.1 101.8 100.0 99.9 110.3 100.3 99.3 100.0 100.8 125.0 113.5 103.5 100.0 100.0 112.5 107.3 103.3 100.0 98.1 110.6 105.4 102.7 100.0 99.8 114.6 106.7 103.2 100.0 98.1 112.2 106.5 102.6 100.0 97.7 109.8 106.2 102.6 100.0 98.2 100.0 103.6 103.6 100.0 99.6 102.9 102.8 103.1 100.0 102.1 1965* 1964 1963 1962 1961 95.8 94.7 93.6 93.4 93.7 92.3 93.1 91.5 88.1 85.6 91.2 89.6 89.5 89.8 89.9 96.0 96.7 92.7 90.7 90.8 103.5 103.5 104.8 103.6 107.3 100.9 102.3 104.4 105.8 109.7 96.2 96.2 94.1 93.4 93.4 99.7 91.5 90.3 99.7 104.8 95.3 87.6 82.0 82.1 83.0 93.3 91.3 90.5 90.6 93.4 98.9 99.2 100.2 100.5 101.8 97.5 97.1 97.3 97.5 97.1 96.3 95.7 96.5 97.3 97.2 96.6 95.8 95.5 95.0 94.2 101.2 105.3 102.5 102.1 101.0 98.7 94.5 95.7 100.9 104.9 See footnotes at end of table. 629 N 118-137 CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING Series N 140-155. Indexes of Wholesale Prices for Construction Materials: 1926 to 1970—Con. [1967 = 100] Softwood lumber All Building construcpaper tion Mill work P l y w o o d and mate- Douglas Southern board rials pine fir Year 140 141 142 143 1960. 1959. 1958. 1957. 1956. 95.6 97.1 94.0 94.1 94.1 89.3 97.7 85.7 87.3 97.0 93.9 96.4 92.3 93.7 97.5 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. 90.4 86.6 86.4 85.2 86.2 97.5 89.2 87.6 95.1 96.1 1950.. . 1949. 1948. 1947. 1946. 78.9 73.5 75.0 67.7 49.6 87.8 71.2 81.5 71.4 1945. 1944. 1943. 1942. 1941. 44.2 43.3 41.8 41.3 38.7 1940. 1939. 1938. 1937. 1936. ... Finished steel products Structural shapes 144 145 93.1 92.6 87.3 87.4 88.0 109.6 116.5 110.9 110.0 116.0 110.3 110.8 108.5 107.2 103.7 93.4 93.4 91.4 87.7 76.2 94.2 90.5 94.7 95.6 94.7 87.7 88.9 89.6 86.5 88.7 120.4 117.7 124.8 119.8 131.4 99.1 96.7 91.9 87.4 85.9 88.3 78.7 87.1 79.5 78.2 73.4 71.7 59.4 46.3 121.5 108.6 124.3 109.4 81.5 78.9 77.9 70.4 Concrete NonStrucferrous Plumb- Heating tural G y p s u m Asphalt metal equipclay ing products roofing Rein- products fixtures 1 ment products 2 Ingrediforcing ents Products bars 148 149 107.3 107.8 105.4 101.7 93.8 85.9 84.2 79.0 85.0 96.5 93.3 91.9 87.5 92.0 94.7 71.0 67.3 64.7 61.3 60.0 87.8 84.9 77.9 70.0 68.1 88.3 76.8 77.3 76.3 76.8 56.6 62.8 48.1 39.5 64.0 61.9 55.6 48.3 146 147 150 151 152 153 154 105.8 107.9 107.4 108.4 106.9 97.0 95.7 94.8 92.7 89.0 97.2 96.1 94.9 93.6 91.1 93.7 92.2 90.1 89.4 88.1 99.1 99.0 98.2 94.6 94.6 88.7 83.7 82.0 83.1 86.6 102.5 101.8 102.3 101.3 102.0 85.2 82.5 80.1 77.1 77.1 88.0 87.1 85.5 83.4 83.3 83.8 80.5 79.2 77.8 78.0 90.9 90.9 90.1 87.5 87.4 64.4 61.0 65.4 59.1 43.0 76.5 72.6 72.6 67.0 56.0 93.5 92.2 90.1 84.9 72.8 71.8 69.5 63.5 58.1 78.2 76.4 74.7 71.3 62.7 72.1 69.0 67.1 62.3 77.8 76.1 76.8 70.3 41.0 40.7 39.5 39.2 35.8 37.3 37.3 37.4 37.2 36.6 52.5 62.9 55.0 56.6 51.0 55.7 54.3 53.5 53.5 52.0 69.2 59.2 59.2 59.2 57.3 35.5 33.9 33.8 35.7 32.5 31.4 28.8 29.3 32.6 27.2 35.2 34.0 31.7 38.9 31.1 50.0 47.1 47.1 47.7 46.7 51.5 61.7 51.8 61.6 51.7 49.3 55.4 55.6 60.6 60.3 1935. 1934. 1933. 1932. 1931. .. 32.0 32.4 28.9 26.9 29.8 26.3 25.6 24.6 23.4 23.8 29.8 29.4 25.9 21.7 26.9 40.9 46.8 44.8 45.7 56.1 51.6 51.3 48.4 44.5 46.8 56.7 62.1 62.1 61.2 66.3 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926. _ 33.7 35.8 35.3 35.6 37.5 28.4 30.1 29.9 30.0 30.0 35.9 46.2 40.9 40.4 43.4 59.5 62.8 66.4 65.3 72.9 51.3 51.0 50.7 45.0 46.3 70.4 69.4 70.5 70.5 70.6 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 1 Includes brass fittings. 630 2 Excludes refractories. Chapter N Housing (Series N 156-307) N 156-169. New housing units started, by ownership, type of structure, location, and construction cost, 1889-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1889-1962, Homing Construction Statistics, 1889 to 1964, tables A - l and A-5; 1963-1970, Construction Reports, Housing Starts, series C 20-73-7, July 1973. The data for 1889-1919 are from David M . Blank, The Volume of Residential Construction, 1889-1950, Technical Paper No. 9, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1954; data for 1920-1929 are from David L. Wickens and Ray R. Foster, Nonfarm Residential Construction, 1920 -19S6, National Bureau of Economic Research, Bulletin No. 65, 1937. The data for 1930-1944 are from U.S. Department of Labor, Comtruction, 1948 in Review, Bulletin No. 983, 1950; data for 1930-1936 represent a revision by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Wickens-Foster data. Data for 1945 -1970 are Census Bureau estimates derived from its monthly estimates based on building permits and supplemented by sample surveys of housing starts in nonpermit-issuing areas. Data for 1945-1958 are revisions of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics; detail data, such as number of units by type of structure, are not available for these years. For methods used by Blank and Wickens-Foster, see the sources. Blank's data are based on a comprehensive tabulation of historical building permit data collected by the Works Progress Administration and made available by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). For methods used by BLS, see BLS Bulletin No. 1168, Techniques of Preparing Major BLS Statistical Series, December 1954, chapter 2. Basically, compilation of the housing starts series depends on four steps. First, an estimate is made of the number of housing units for which building permits have been issued in all permit-issuing places each month. For the country as a whole, about 85 percent of the private housing units were constructed in permit-issuing places in recent years. Since 1967, the series have pertained to approximately 13,000 places identified in 1967 as having local building permit systems. Coverage from 1963 to 1967 was based on a permit-issuing universe of 12,000 places, identified as permit-issuing in 1962. Back to 1959, the series relate to the 10,000 places identified as permitissuing in 1959. Prior to 1959, 6,600 places was the universe. Second, a survey is made each month in a sample of permit places. In each place, a sample of building permits is selected each month and an inquiry is made of the owner or the builder to find out whether and when the units covered by the permits have been started. From this sample of permits, ratios are calculated, by type of structure, of the number of units started to the number of units covered by permits. These ratios are then applied to the total number of units authorized by permits in the corresponding months to provide estimates of the total number of units started each month with permit authorization. Third, the estimates of the number of one-family units started in each month with permit authorization are adjusted upward by 3.3 percent to take care of the units started within permit-issuing areas but without permit authorization. The fourth step in estimating total housing starts is to estimate the number of units started in areas where building permit systems do not exist. In a sample of 100 areas, visits are made to a select group of persons who are presumed most likely to know about local housing activities. A list is obtained from them of all residential buildings they know to have been started within the nonpermit portions of these areas during the preceding month. Within those portions of the sample area, a subsample of areas is canvassed for all units started since the previous month, identifying those not reported by the sources as well as those reported by them. This canvass provides a basis for estimating the number of units not reported by the local sources. The number of units not reported is then added to the number of units reported, to provide an estimate of total housing starts in areas not covered by building permit systems. The housing units covered in these series are permanent housekeeping units in new residential structures. Excluded are temporary units; accommodations without housekeeping facilities such as transient hotels, dormitories, and clubhouses; mobile homes, trailers, houseboats, sheds, and shacks used for housing purposes; units provided by conversion of existing structures; and housing units in nonresidential structures such as factories, warehouses, or public buildings. For regional estimates of the number of new private nonfarm housing units started, 1920-1950, see Leo Grebler, David M . Blank, and Louis Winnick, Capital Formation in Residential Real Estate: Trends and Prospects, Princeton University Press, 1956, table H - l . Regional estimates for later years appear in Bureau of the Census, Construction Reports, series C 20. N 157-158, new housing units started, by ownership. For bases of estimates for privately financed housing units, see text for series N 156-169. Publicly owned housing includes housing units in buildings for which construction contracts were awarded by Federal, State, or local governments. Information on public housing is obtained, for the most part, from the agencies involved, e.g., Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Defense, New York City Housing Authority, and others. The criterion for classifying housing units as public is ownership of the facilities rather than the source of funds. Thus, low-rent housing projects owned by local housing authorities are classified as public even though they may be financed by local bonds issued to private investors, and military housing units owned by the Department of Defense are also classified as public even though they may be financed by mortgages held by private lending institutions. Figures exclude temporary dwellings built during the defense period and World War II fl940's), veterans temporary re-use housing (see text for series N 186-191), and temporary structures on military posts and similar installations. Units in structures built by private developers for sale upon completion to local public housing authorities under the Department of Housing and Urban Development "Turnkey" program are classified as private housing. N 162-163, new housing units started, by location. The distribution of housing starts between units inside and outside standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's) is based on the definitions published by the Office of Management and Budget in Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. Data for 1959-1960 are based on 1959 definitions; for 1961-1963 on 1961 definitions; for January 1964March 1968 on 1964 definitions; and for April 1968 -1970 on 1967 definitions. The term, "urban" was applied to all incorporated places with a population of 2,500 or more and to a relatively small number of areas urban under special rule. "Iiural-nonfarm" housing included all housing (except farm housing) in unincorporated areas and in incorporated places of less than 2,500 inhabitants. This classification for 1920-1929 was based on the 1930 Census of Population and for 1930-1944 on the 1940 census. This classification system was abandoned in 1954 because of the difficulties of resolving differences between the geographic areas used for building permit systems and the urban areas as newly defined in the 1950 census. Beginning in 1950, housing starts have been classified by those inside and.outside the standard metropolitan statistical areas. N 164-169, construction cost. The construction cost data for the privately owned units are not reported directly but are based on permit valuations adjusted for understatement of construction cost 631 N 118-137 CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING and relationship between costs in permit places and nonpermit areas. They cover the cost of labor, material, and subcontracted work, and that part of the builder's overhead and profit chargeable directly to the building of the housing units started. Included is the cost of equipment which becomes an integral part of the housing unit and is essential to its general use. Excluded are the costs of land, site improvement, architectural fees, and sales profit. The data for the publicly owned units are based on contract award values or estimated construction costs for individual projects, as reported by the several agencies administering the various public housing programs. The source, Housing Construction Statistics, 1889 to 196It, was designed as an historical supplement to the current data issued by the Bureau of the Census in three publication series of its Construction Reports program—Housing Starts, series C 20; Building Permits, Housing Authorized in Individual Permit-Issuing Places, series C 40; and Building Permits, Housing Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places, Summary Statistics, series C 42. N 170. Mobile home shipments, 1947-1970. Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, HUD Statistical Yearbook, annual issues. Statistics on manufacturers' shipments of mobile homes are provided by the Mobile Home Manufacturers' Association, and include estimates for firms not associated with the M H M A . Mass production of 10-foot wide homes began in 1955; 12-foot wide homes in 1962. Manufacturers' shipments of mobile homes are included in this volume because an addition to the housing supply is made by mobile homes as well as by the construction of new housing units. Some of the mobile homes, however, are used as seasonal homes and second homes and do not add to the supply of housing units occupied as usual places of residence. Furthermore, some are used for nonresidential purposes. The number of mobile homes used in these ways is not now known. N 171-179. New publicly owned housing starts, by ownership and program, 1949-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of Domestic Commerce, Construction Review, monthly issues. These series, which are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, represent an actual count of publicly owned housing starts as reported by the Public Housing Administration (PHA), the Defense Department, the New York City Housing Authority, and other State and local housing authorities. Publicly owned housing units were not reported separately until 1935. It is considered that the volume of permanent publicly owned housing units prior to 1935 is insignificant. Housing provided under the Federal emergency programs, including those of World War II, consisted largely of units in temporary or converted structures and, therefore, are not included in the permanent units shown. Type of program data, i.e., Federal, State, or local, are not available for publicly owned housing prior to 1949. N 180-185. Privately owned housing units in major Federal programs, 1935-1970. Source: All series except N 181 and N 185, U.S. Housing and Home Finance Agency, 1935-1956, Annual Report, 1956, tables A-6, A-37, A-42, and A-54; 1957, Annual Report, 1957, tables A-7, A-48, A-53, and A-68; 1958-1963, Annual Report, 196k, table III-3; 1964-1970, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 1970 HUD Statistical Yearbook, tables 146, 160, 162, and 164. Series N 181 and N 185, U.S. Veterans Administration, Loan Guaranty Service, unpublished data. Figures are based on reports of the agencies administering the programs. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and the Veterans Administration (VA) are agencies which insure or guarantee loans made by private lenders. 632 N 180-181, new privately owned units started under FHA and VA. Data are based on monthly reports of these agencies. These reports are based on the first of several inspections of newly started units required by the agencies, the timing of which coincides roughly with the definition of housing starts by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of the Census. The figures may be used roughly to derive the units started under FHA and VA as a percentage of all private housing starts. However, an unknown number of units started under FHA or VA inspection is sold later for cash or with conventional (uninsured or unguaranteed) mortgage loans. On the other hand, the number of units started under the FHA program understates the role of FHA inasmuch as previously unoccupied (new) houses, for which the builder did not apply for FHA insurance before construction, are classified by FHA as "existing construction" when the houses are sold later with F H A insured loans. In 1956, about one-fifth of the FHA units classified as "existing construction" were previously unoccupied (new). However, by 1970, such previously unoccupied (new) units amounted to less than 3 percent of those classified under "existing construction." For problems of coverage and comparability, see Department of Commerce and Department of Labor, Construction Review, " F H A and VA Housing Statistics and the Housing Market," June 1957. N 182-185, new and existing privately owned units covered by loans under FHA and VA. Data are based on monthly reports of these agencies and refer to loans on both new and existing construction at the time such loans were closed or actually insured. FHA "homes" include 1- to 4-famiIy dwellings; FHA "rental projects" include structures having 5 or more dwelling units. Practically all VA loans are on single-family dwellings. The VA program was authorized in 1944 and the small 1944 activity is included in 1945. N 186-191. Low-rent public housing units, by progress stage, and war and defense housing and veterans housing units available for occupancy, 1941-1970. Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Housing and Mortgage Credit-FHA, HUD Statistical Yearbook, various issues. These data comprise low-rent, publicly financed housing units occupied or available for occupancy, units to be constructed, and units that were to go directly under management since they needed no rehabilitation. The data are not comparable with series N 156-159 which relate to new construction starts and include all publicly financed units (Federal, State, and local). N 192-195. Nonfarm dwelling units standing and selected components of change, 1890-1950. Source: Leo Grebler, David M. Blank, and Louis Winnick, Capital Formation in Residential Real Estate: Trends and Prospects, Princeton University Press, 1956, tables 15 and A-l (copyright, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York). Estimates do not represent all components of change in the nonfarm housing inventory; that is, the units added through new construction or conversion minus the units destroyed through demolition or disaster losses during a certain period do not equal the net change in the inventory during the same period. This difference is due mainly to the following factors: (1) The net change in the nonfarm housing inventory reflects the reclassification of farm dwellings, as farmland is absorbed in suburban and urban development; (2) the inventory includes temporary dwelling units, shacks, trailers, and dwellings in nonresidential buildings such as factories or warehouses, which are not included in the estimates of housing starts; (3) the periods of the inventory estimates are not fully reconcilable with the calendar-year estimates of new or converted units and of demolitions; (4) minor changes in census definitions; and (5) deficiencies of estimates, particularly for conversions and demolitions. For a reconciliation of the net change in inventory and the various components HOUSING N 192-215 measures are derived by valuing all assets at the prices of a specific period (1958 prices in these series) regardless of their actual prices in the years of original purchase. To calculate constant-cost stocks, the gross investment flows must be expressed in constant prices. This is done by applying appropriate price indexes to the currentN 192, dwelling units standing. Estimates for 1890-1920 are dollar investment flows. The constant-cost stock measures the based on David L. Wickens, Residential Real Estate, National Bureau physical volume of residential capital. of Economic Research, 1941, p. 55. The 1890 and 1900 estimates Beginning with 1963, the current-dollar residential investment apply to June 1, the 1910 estimate to April 15, and the 1920 estimate series which are components of the gross national product (GNP) to January 1. The data were derived by dividing Wickens' estimates are deflated by the Census Bureau's price index for new 1-family of nonfarm private families (now termed households) by the ochouses. Data for years prior to 1963 are deflated by a privately cupancy ratios implicit in Wickens' vacancy estimates. The estimate compiled residential construction cost index. for 1930 applies to April and is based on figures in the Bureau of Labor Estimates of gross stocks were derived by using the perpetual Statistics Bulletin cited above, p. 12. The 1940 and 1950 figures inventory method. This method cumulates past flows of residential apply to April 1 and are from the Sixteenth Census of the United States: investment and deducts the investment discarded from the stock. 191*0, Housing, vol. II, part 1, p. 10, and U.S. Census of Housing: T o illustrate, assume a constant rate of investment of $10 million 1950, vol. I, p. 3. per year in a new type of residential structure with a life of 40 years. N 193-194, units added during period. For certain periods, the Abstracting from price changes, the gross stock of this type of strucnumber of "new units" shown for series N 193 varies from the estiture, calculated as the difference between cumulated past investment mated number of permanent dwelling units started as shown for and cumulated discards, would equal $10 million at the end of year series N 156. Only for 1890-1919 is there exact agreement as both 1, $20 million at the end of year 2, and so on, reaching $400 million series for this period are based on the same sources using the same at the end of year 40. In succeeding years, the stock would stay at concepts and definitions. A slight difference for 1920-1929 is due $400 million as annual investment was offset by annual discards. to varying estimates for the year 1920. The differences for later Under this "gross" concept, an asset enters the stock with a specific periods reflect mainly the factors outlined above under (2) and (5). value and carries that value as long as it is in the stock. In other words, assets in the gross stock are not adjusted for any physical N 195, units demolished or destroyed during period. The 1940wear and tear or obsolescence which may occur during their lives. 1949 estimate is designated in the source as a "preliminary estimate Net stock measures, on the other hand, represent the depreciated by an interdepartmental committee of Federal agencies," but no value of the capital stock. There is no general agreement as to the revision of it was made thereafter. correct method of computing economic depreciation, the value of productive services of an asset used up each year. One widely acN 196-199. Nonfarm residential wealth, 1889-1953. cepted accounting method uses the "straight line" pattern, which assumes equal dollar depreciation each year over the life of the asset. Source: See Grebler-Blank-Winnick source for series N 192-195, Another important method uses the "declining balance" pattern, table D - l , columns 1, 2, 4, and 5. which assumes equal percentage depreciation each year over the life Estimates are for housekeeping dwellings, i.e., do not cover transient of the asset. The annual declining balance depreciation charge for hotels, clubs, motels, dormitories, and similar facilities. For an an asset will equal a certain fixed percentage of the net (depreciated) alternative estimate of nonfarm residential wealth, see series F 422value of the asset at the beginning of the year. 469. The depreciation method used here to compute the net stock N 197-198, structures. The value of structures in 1929 dollars estimates was of the declining balance type. A rate of 2 percent was obtained by adding to an estimate for the end of 1889 annual per year was applied to the net value of 1-4 unit structures and 2.4 estimates of net capital formation in constant dollars (shown in table percent per year to the net value of housekeeping structures with B-8 of the source). The initial estimate for the end of 1889 is based 5 or more units. These rates are consistent with the evidence proon the average value of owner-occupied nonfarm mortgaged homes vided in several studies conducted in the 1930's which shows that reported in the 1890 Census Report, Real Estate Mortgages (see pp. depreciation of residential housekeeping structures tended to follow 364-365 of the source). The value of structures in current dollars a declining balance formula with the annual rate of depreciation was obtained by adjusting the value in constant dollars by use of in the neighborhood of 2 percent of the net value. the construction cost index given in series N 121 and N 139. The depreciation rates used for nonhousekeeping residential strucN 199, land. Estimates are based on ratios of land value to total tures and mobile homes are higher, because of the shorter service property value, i.e., land and structures, which are estimated to lives involved. For all types of residential capital, the declining have declined from 40 percent in 1890 to 16.9 percent in 1953, with balance depreciation rates used in this study are equivalent to roughly the move to the suburbs accounting for most of this trend. According \)4 times the first year percentage depreciation under straight line to the source (appendix D, p. 364), the ratios are "based on Federal method. Housing Administration appraisal data and tax assessment data from The current-dollar value of the total stock of residential structures a number of cities which permit the separation of residential from increased from $80 billion in 1925 to $800 billion in 1970. About other real estate. These data do not extend back of the thirties five-sixths of this increase was due to price increases, while about but, together with the bench-mark estimate for the twenties and one one-sixth represented growth of the real net stock. for 1907, are sufficient to approximate both the level of the ratio and Several fairly distinct periods of price change can be identified. In the direction of the trend." The estimates are fully explained in the late 1920's, prices changed little and the increase in the currentLouis Winnick, Wealth Estimates for Residential Real Estate, 1890dollar net stock was due almost entirely to an increase in the real 1950, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, 1953. stock. On the other hand, virtually all of the 25 percent drop in the current-dollar stock from 1929 to 1934 was due to a decrease in the N 200-215. Value of gross and net stocks of residential structures price level, and price increases accounted for virtually all of the douin current and constant (1958) dollars, 1925-1970. bling in value of the stock between 1934 and 1945. About three-fourths of the increase in the current-dollar net stock Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current since 1945 has been due to inflation. Price increases were particularly Business, November 1971, pp. 24-25. significant in the growth of the stock in the immediate postwar period Constant-cost (or "real" or "physical-volume") capital stock and in the 1960's, but during the 1950's the growth of the real net of change for 1930-1939, see Bureau of Labor Statistics, Serial No. R. 1421, "Housing and the Increase in Population," 1942. For a similar reconciliation for 1940-1949, see Grebler-Blank-Winnick (cited above), appendix A and appendix D, especially table D 4. 633 N CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING 118-137 stock accounted for 60 percent of the increase in the current-dollar stock. The Nation's stock of housing has been and continues to be composed predominantly of 1-4 unit structures, most of which are singlefamily houses. At the end of 1970, private nonfarm 1-4 unit structures accounted for 81 percent of the value of the constant-dollar gross stock of residential structures. Privately owned apartment buildings (structures with 5 or more units) formed the next largest component, accounting for 9 percent of the stock. Farm housing accounted for 4 percent of the stock, while public housing, mobile homes, and private nonhousekeeping residential structures each accounted for about 2 percent. The annual investment flows used in implementing the perpetual inventory method were those which enter the estimates of the GNP beginning 1929 and are taken from the following sources: The National Income and Product Accounts of the United States, 1929-65, Statistical Tables, and July issues of the Survey of Current Business. See also text for series F 470-534. N 216-231. Mean age of stocks of residential structures, 1925-1970. Source: See source for series N 200-215. Information on the age structure of capital stocks is useful in analyzing the condition of the housing stock. Three measures of age structure are presented in the source: The ratio of net to gross stocks, the age distribution of the gross stock, and the average age of gross and net stocks, which is presented here. The net/gross ratios show the extent to which the services available in new residential capital remain intact, while the average age provides information on the absolute ages of gross and net stocks. These two measures can be used interchangeably for many purposes, but each of them also provides specific information. The age distribution of the gross stock shows the proportion of the stock that is of a given age. The data on the age structure of the gross stock show the effect of the curtailment of residential investment in the depression and World War II years and of the boom in the postwar years. The average age of the gross stock of residential structures increased from 27 years in 1925 to 34 years in 1945. The average age has since declined until in recent years it has approached the level of the late 1920's. The average age of the gross stock of private apartment structures (5 or more units) increased from 15 years in the late 1920's to 26 years by the end of World War II. This trend continued until 1958, when the average age was almost 30 years. As a result of the boom in apartment construction in the 1960's, the average age had declined to 20 years by 1970. In 1970, over half of the gross stock of private apartments had been built in the past ten years. Farm housing, the oldest component of the stock, has steadily increased in age. More than half of the gross stock in 1970 was over 50 years of age. See also text for series F 470-534 and N 200-215. N 232-237. Comparison of residential wealth estimates, 1890-1950. Source: See Grebler-Blank-Winnick source for series N 192-195, table D-3. There are basically two procedures for estimating residential wealth (as well as other wealth components). One procedure uses a benchmark estimate of wealth in an initial year and adds to it the yearly net capital increments. This procedure yields cumulated wealth estimates, series N 232-234. The other procedure is based on census or similar estimates of wealth at different dates, benchmark wealth estimates, series N 235-237. For a description of the conceptual and estimating problems involved in these two procedures and for the sources of the estimates, see appendix D of the source. The juxtaposition of wealth estimates derived by various methods indicates clearly the fairly large variations that may result from the employment of these methods, and should caution the user against placing excessive confidence in any particular wealth figures. 634 N 238-245. Occupied housing units and tenure of homes, 1890-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1890-1950, except 1910 and 1945, U.S. Census of Housing: 1950, vol. I, part 1, tables J and L ; 1945, Special Census Reports on Housing, "Characteristics of Occupied Dwelling Units for the United States: November 1945," series H 46, No. 1; 1956, National Housing Inventory, Components of Change: 1950-1956; 1960 and 1970, U.S. Census of Housing: 1960, vol. I, part 1 and 1970, vol. I, part 1. The 1910 figure for farm population, series N 239, is an estimate which appears in Leon E. Truesdell, Farm Population of the United States, 1920, Census Monographs VI, Washington, D.C., 1926, p. 45. The 1910 figure for nonfarm population was derived by subtracting the estimated farm population from the total population. The first nationwide census of housing was taken in 1940. In 1940, 1950, 1956, 1960, and 1970, a housing (dwelling) unit was defined in general as the living quarters occupied or intended for occupancy by one household. Figures for 1890 to 1930 rest on the fairly close correspondence between the concept of occupied housing unit used in the housing censuses since 1940 and concepts used in previous censuses of population. Perfect comparability of all the figures in the series is not possible because of various relatively minor changes in definition. The figures for 1890, 1910, and 1920 include the small number of institutions, hotels, military installations, dormitories, etc., which were not included in the counts for any of the other years. For 1940, 1960, and 1970, the count of occupied housing units includes living quarters with five lodgers or more whereas for 1950 and 1956 such living quarters were not included. For all years, the figures for population per occupied housing unit were obtained by dividing the total population by the number of occupied housing units. The figures for 1950-1970 shown here are not identical with the population per occupied housing unit as shown in the census volumes because the latter figures were derived by dividing the total population living in occupied housing units by the number of occupied units. The number of occupied housing units is closely comparable to the number of households as shown in series A 288. Since 1950, the number of occupied housing units has been identical by definition to the number of households. The small difference between the number of households and the number of occupied housing units is due to occasional errors in the separate tabulation processes of the census of population and the census of housing. In 1940, small differences existed by definition between the number of occupied housing units and the number of households. The usual occupants of a housing unit who were temporarily away and were enumerated elsewhere were included in the count of households but their housing unit was not considered to be occupied. In addition, a small number of lodginghouses in 1940 (those with 11 or more lodgers) were counted as occupied units, but the heads of these units were not counted as household heads. The figures shown for occupied dwelling units for 1890-1930 are identical to those shown for heads of households in series A 288. With reference to the farm-nonfarm classification, enumeration of the 1960 and 1970 censuses was conducted primarily through selfenumeration; however, enumerators in the National Housing Inventory of 1956 and the 1950 census were specifically instructed to base the classification of a dwelling unit on the respondent's answer to the question, " I s this house on a farm?" Farm residence was, therefore, determined without regard to the occupation of the members of the household. Housing units located on farmland for which cash rent was paid for the house and yard only, and housing units on institutional grounds and in summer camps and tourist courts, were classed as nonfarm, regardless of the answer to the foregoing question. For 1960 and 1970, occupied housing units were classified as farm units if they were located on places of 10 or more acres from which sales of farm products amounted to $50 or more in 1959 and 1969, respectively; or on places of less than 10 acres from which sales of farm products amounted to $250 or more in 1959 and 1969, respectively. HOUSING For 1930-1950, "farm" consists of rural-farm units only. The classification "rural farm" used in 1950 differs slightly from that used in 1940. As a result, there was, in 1950, an expansion in the urban fringe of cities, tending to reduce the number of farms. On the other hand, in 1940 some areas were classified as urban which were not so classified in 1950. Thus, the differences partly offset each other. In addition, the number of farms was reduced in 1950 by the exclusion of renter-occupied units on farms paying rent for the use of house and yard only. A housing unit is classified as owner occupied if it is owned wholly or in part by the head of the household or by some related member of his family living in the housing unit. A cooperative or condominium unit is owner occupied only if the owner or co-owner lives in it. All other occupied units are renter occupied whether or not cash rent is actually paid. N 246-258. Housing units vacancy rates, by region, 1940-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1940, U.S. Census of Housing, vol. II, part 1, table 28; 1950, U.S. Census of Housing, vol. I, part 1, table 17; 1956-1970, Current Housing Reports, Housing Vacancies, series H 111, No. 43, tables F and 1 and series H 111-73-5, tables 1 and 4. A housing unit is vacant if no one is living in it at the time of enumeration, unless its occupants are only temporarily absent. In addition, a vacant unit may be one which is entirely occupied by persons who have a usual residence elsewhere. New units not yet occupied are classified as vacant housing units if construction has reached a point where all exterior windows and doors are installed and final usable floors are in place. Vacant units are excluded if unfit for human habitation, that is, roof, walls, windows or doors no longer protect the interior from the elements, or if there is positive evidence (such as a sign on the house or in the block) that the unit is to be demolished or is condemned. Also excluded are quarters being used entirely for nonresidential purposes, such as a store or an office, or quarters used for storage of business supplies or inventory, machinery, or agricultural products. Vacant sleeping rooms in lodging houses, transient accommodations, barracks, and other quarters not defined as housing units are not included in these series. Homeowner vacancy rate. The percentage relationship between the vacant units for sale and the total homeowner inventory is termed the homeowner vacancy rate. It is computed by dividing the number of vacant units for sale by the total homeowner units. The total homeowner units comprise owner-occupied units, vacant units sold and awaiting occupancy, and the vacant units for sale. Vacant units that are seasonal or held off the market are excluded. Vacant units for sale that were rated as dilapidated are also excluded. Rental vacancy rale. The percentage relationship of the vacant units for rent to the total rental inventory is termed the rental vacancy rate. It is computed by dividing the number of vacant units for rent by the total rental units. Total rental units comprise renteroccupied units, vacant units rented but not yet occupied at the time of enumeration, and the vacant units for rent. Excluded are seasonal vacant units, units held off the market, and vacant units rated as dilapidated. Year-round vacant units are those intended for occupancy at any time of the year, even though they may not be in use the year round. In resort areas, a housing unit which is usually occupied on a yearround basis was considered a year-round unit. On the other hand, a housing unit located in the closely built-up area of a nonresort city was considered a "year-round" unit even though it may be occupied only part of the year. Seasonal housing units are those intended for occupancy during only a season of the year and are found primarily in resort areas. In farm areas, housing units used for only a portion of the year to house migratory workers employed during the crop season are classified as seasonal. The enumeration of vacant units in the 1950 Census of Housing N 246-261 was not entirely comparable with the procedures used in 1940 nor with those used in the Current Population Survey to obtain the data for 1956-1970. In 1950, all vacant units, whether or not dilapidated, were included if they were intended for occupancy as living quarters. Where there was little or no demand for housing, many houses were not enumerated because they were used for storage or were abandoned and no longer intended for occupancy as living quarters. N 259-261. General note. The development of price indexes for any kind of urban real estate is unusually difficult because of the great heterogeneity of the product and the local nature of real estate markets. The problem of heterogeneity is somewhat less serious in the case of 1-family houses. For a discussion of the conceptual difficulties of using construction cost indexes for measuring price changes for homes and of distinguishing between prices for new and old homes, see Grebler-Blank-Winnick (cited as source for series N 192-195), appendix C. Only a few attempts have been made to measure price changes of urban real estate. For additional data of this type, see Herman Wyngarden, "An Index of Local Real Estate Prices," Michigan Business Studies, vol. 1, No. 2, University of Michigan, Bureau of Business Research, 1927; William M. Hoad, Real Estate Prices, a Study of Residential Real Estate Transfers in Lucas County, Ohio, unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, 1942; and data for Cleveland and Seattle given in Grebler-Blank-Winnick, table C-2. See also Ernest M. Fisher, Urban Real Estate Markets: Characteristics and Financing, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1951, pp. 51-56. Beginning 1963, the Bureau of the Census has developed a price index for new 1-family houses sold, including value of lot on a 1967 = 100 base. See U.S. Bureau of Domestic Commerce, Construction Review, May 1974, p. 58. N 259-260. 1934. Price indexes for 1-family owner-occupied houses, 1890- Source: See Grebler-Blank-Winnick source for series N 192-195, tables C - l and C-3. Unadjusted figures were derived from detailed information for a sample of residential properties in 22 cities in Department of Commerce, Financial Survey of Urban Housing, 19S7. This survey, among other things, ascertained the value of the property in 1934, the year of acquisition by the then-present owner, and original cost to the owner at time of acquisition, regardless of whether the house was new or old at that time. From these data, a relative for each year was calculated for each city, based on the ratio of the total acquisition cost of the single-family owner-occupied houses acquired in each given year in a given city to their value in 1934. The unadjusted figures are median relatives derived from the data for all of the 22 cities and are subject to a downward bias due to the changing age structure of properties included in each year's sample, and to an upward bias due to value increments in the form of structural additions and alterations. The adjusted figures are corrected for the resulting net downward bias, by allowing 1% percent compound annual depreciation. See the source, appendix C, for details of correction. N 261. Median asking price for existing 1-family houses, Washington, D.C., 1918-1947. Source: Ernest M. Fisher, Urban Real Estate Markets: Characteristics and Financing, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1951, table 6 (copyright). This series represents the results of an experimental study by the National Housing Agency (a predecessor of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development) of a sample of newspaper advertisements. Similar experimental indexes, but for shorter periods, were developed for 100 metropolitan areas. The principal limitations of the study, fully recognized by the originating source, are as follows: 635 N 118-137 CONSTRUCTION A N D HOUSING (1) Because of the changing composition of the sample, the type of houses included may vary from period to period. Consequently, fluctuations in median prices may be due either to change in asking prices or to change in the type of houses advertised; (2) because of the omission of houses advertised without listing price and of houses sold without newspaper advertisement, a sizable segment of total sales is not considered in the series; and (3) there may be cyclical differences in the spread between asking prices and selling prices. N 262-272. Residential nonfarm mortgage debt outstanding, by type of holder, 1890-1970. Source: 1890-1952, see Grebler-Blank-Winnick source for series N 192-195, tables N - l and N-2; 1952-1956, Saul B. Klaman, The Volume of Mortgage Debt in the Postwar Decade: Appraisal and Development of Statistics, Technical Paper 13, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1958 (copyright); 1956-1970, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Bulletin, various monthly issues. The Grebler-Blank-Winnick estimates are based largely on Raymond W. Goldsmith, A Study of Saving in the United States, vol. I, Princeton University Press, 1955. Because of the paucity of reliable data, particularly for earlier years, and the consequent employment of ratios found for benchmark years and interpolations or extrapolations, the estimates must be used with caution. The Grebler-BlankWinnick figures were slightly modified to take account of later revisions by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB) of its estimates of debt on 1- to 4-family houses for 1938-1952; see Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Estimated Home Mortgage Debt and Financing Activity, 1955 (release, March 1956). The study by Klaman contains alternative estimates for 1945-1952 which are not entirely comparable with the figures shown here. Because of new information and improved estimating techniques, these data are superior to those in Grebler-Blank-Winnick for overlapping years. The differences reflect mainly lower estimates by Klaman for the mortgage debt on multifamily residences and are fully explained in Klaman's paper. The Klaman paper presents also a comprehensive methodology and a more detailed classification of mortgage debt estimates. See also J. E. Morton, Urban Mortgage Lending: Comparative Markets and Experience, Princeton University Press, 1956. Federal Reserve Board figures are based on data from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Departments of Agriculture and Commerce, Federal National Mortgage Association, Government National Mortgage Association, Federal Housing Administration, Public Housing Administration, Veterans Administration, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Comptroller of the Currency, Federal Home Loan Bank Board, and the Institute of Life Insurance. N 262, total debt, including real estate bonds. For 1910-1949, the underlying estimates for real estate bonds outstanding on residential property are those of Goldsmith, table R-43. For 1950-1952, figures are estimates based on extrapolation of Goldsmith's data for 19461949 for total bonds and assume that 40 percent of these were secured by residential property. This is the ratio applied by Goldsmith for 1910-1949. For the 1890-1909 figures, it was assumed that there were no residential real estate bonds outstanding. N 263, total debt, excluding real estate bonds. For 1890-1920, figures are based on Goldsmith's estimates of the residential mortgage debt (table R-40) for 1890 and 1920 modified as explained in appendix L of Grebler-Blank-Winnick. The annual estimates between 1890 and 1920 are derived, following Goldsmith's procedures, by interpolating the ratios of nonfarm residential to total nonfarm mortgage debt between the ratios for the two benchmark years. For 1921-1924, figures are those of Goldsmith, derived by interpolation between the 1920 estimate and the 1925 estimate, except that revised FHLBB data for the 1925 debt on 1- to 4-family houses were used. For basis of 1925-1952 figures, see text for series N 273-275 and N 276-277. N 264-265, noninstitutional and institutional debt. 636 Noninstitu- tional figures represent the difference between series N 263 and N 265. Institutional figures are the sum of series N 266-272. The estimates for noninstitutional debt are probably the weakest component from the viewpoint of reliability. They represent largely a residual derived from the independent estimates of total debt and those of institutional holdings. Data for 1956-1970 include estimates for insurance companies other than life, mortgage companies, pension funds, credit unions, and installment investment companies. N 266, debt held by commercial banks. For 1896-1924, figures are based on estimates of total nonfarm mortgages of operating and closed commercial banks shown in Grebler-Blank-Winnick, tables N-10 and N-12, with the 1925 ratio of residential to total nonfarm mortgages for operating banks applied to the entire period. For 1925-1952, figures represent the sum of (1) FHLBB estimates of the holdings of mortgages on 1- to 4-family housing by operating commercial banks, plus those of closed banks (given in GreblerBlank-Winnick, table N-12), and (2) FHLBB estimates for 1925-1934 and of the Federal Reserve Board for 1935-1952. For 1953-1956, figures are from Klaman, table 4. N 267, debt held by mutual savings banks. For 1896-1924, figures are based on estimates of total nonfarm mortgages held by mutual savings banks shown in Grebler-Blank-Winnick, table N-8, and on the application of the 1925 ratio of residential to total nonfarm mortgages. For 1925-1938, figures are the sum of (1) FHLBB estimates for mortgages on 1- to 4-family housing and (2) estimates of multifamily residential mortgages based on recent ratios of such mortgages to total nonfarm mortgages other than those on 1- to 4-family housing. For 1939-1952, figures are from Federal Reserve Bulletin, March 1954, p. 289 and for 1953-1956, are from Klaman, table 4. N 268, debt held by savings and loan associations. For 1896-1924, figures are from Goldsmith, table M-4. For most of the period, these estimates are derived by applying to aggregate assets of savings and loan associations the ratio of mortgage loans obtained from a sample of States accounting for nearly two-thirds of aggregate savings and loan assets. For 1925-1950, figures are FHLBB estimates plus the holdings of closed savings and loan associations as given in GreblerBlank-Winnick, table N-12. For 1951 and 1952, figures are FHLBB estimates. N 269, debt held by life insurance companies. For 1896-1924, figures are based on estimates of total nonfarm mortgages held by life insurance companies, given in Grebler-Blank-Winnick, table N-9, and application of the 1925 ratio of residential to total holdings. For 1925-1952, figures are the sum of (1) FHLBB estimates of holdings of mortgages on 1- to 4-family houses and (2) estimates of mortgages on multifamily residential property. The latter are from Goldsmith, table M-10, for 1925-1937; from a FHLBB release, Mortgage Investr ments of Life Insurance Companies, 1951, for 1938-1951; and from the Institute of Life Insurance for 1952. For 1953-1956, figures are from Klaman, table 4. N 270, debt held by the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC). Figures are from reports of HOLC and include outstandings on both original HOLC loans and on loans originating from the sale of property acquired by HOLC through foreclosure or similar proceedings. N 271, debt held by the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA). Figures are from reports of F N M A and cover all programs of that agency. Under law, only mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration are eligible for purchase by FNMA. Beginning 1968, " o l d " F N M A was split between F N M A and the Government National Mortgage Association. N 272, debt held by other institutions. Figures for 1896-1952 combine data given separately in the source for insurance companies other than life, mortgage companies, and installment investment companies. Figures for 1956-1970, provided by the Federal Reserve Board, include only data for other Federal agencies (Veterans Administration, Federal Housing Administration, Federal National HOUSING Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and Government National Mortgage Association (guaranteed pools)). N 273-275. Residential nonfarm mortgage debt outstanding on 1to 4-family homes, 1925-1970. Source: 1925-1955, U.S. Housing and Home Finance Agency, Annual Report, 1956, table A-24; 1956-1970, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Bulletin, various monthly issues. The total debt on 1- to 4-family structures is estimated by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB) in its annual releases, "Estimated Home Mortgage Debt and Financing Activity." Mainly because such property may be owner occupied, tenant occupied, or vacant, the data are not comparable to census figures on mortgage debt of owner-occupied housing. The estimates are based on reports to FHLBB of savings and loan associations, mortgage investment data reported by life insurance companies, information on mutual savings banks' holdings from call reports and other data collated by FHLBB, similar information collated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for commercial banks, financial statements of the Home Owners' Loan Corporation, the Federal National Mortgage Association, and the Government National Mortgage Association, and less reliable information for holdings of individuals and others. The latter group includes mortgages held by trusts and trust departments of commercial banks, pension funds, philanthropic and educational institutions, casualty and fire insurance companies, real estate and mortgage companies, RFC Mortgage Company, Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Veterans Administration (VA), and individuals. The estimates for holdings of individuals and others are based on residential finance surveys of the Bureau of the Census, trends in nonfarm mortgage recordings, FHA and VA records, and other information. See source for data by type of mortgagee. The data for government-underwritten mortgages are the outstanding balances of loans insured by FHA and guaranteed by the VA, as estimated by these agencies from their records. For rough estimates of mortgage debt on 1- to 4-family structures for 1890-1924, see Goldsmith's A Study of Saving . . . (cited in text for series N 262-272), vol. I, table R-34. N 276-277. Residential nonfarm mortgage debt outstanding on 5or-more unit structures, 1925-1970. Source: See sources for series N 273-275. N 273-300 Home Owners' Loan Corporation and for savings and loan associations since the late thirties. The estimates were based on scattered reports of national and State supervisory authorities, special reports to the Home Loan Bank Board by life insurance companies, and, for 1939-1950, on mortgage recordings figures, series N 285-290. Estimates for the earlier years, and for "individuals and others" throughout, are highly tentative. N 285-290. Mortgage recordings of $20,000 or less, by type of lender, 1939-1964. Source: Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Savings and Home Financing Source Book, annual issues. Estimates are computed on the basis of monthly reports of cooperating institutions. These reports cover approximately 500 areas containing about 54 percent of the total nonfarm 1-family housing units. Activity in the remaining areas is estimated usually by reference to the closest reporting area. To relate the series as closely as possible to home-financing operations, it is limited to mortgages of $20,000 or less, but it includes small mortgages secured by nonresidential real estate and omits large mortgages secured by residences. The Savings and Home Financing Source Book, 1966, contains the following: "Since almost every mortgage is recorded, the series provides an adequate means of determining trends in real estate financing activity, as well as the role being played by various types of lenders. Summaries are made on the basis of the originating mortgagees, and, for this reason, assignments of mortgages are not reflected in the series. To the extent that certain lenders (e.g., insurance companies) purchase mortgages originated and recorded by other lenders (e.g., mortgage companies), the recording statistics may overstate or understate the importance of a particular type of lender as the ultimate source of mortgage credit. It should also be pointed out that mortgage recording data are not directly comparable with estimates on home mortgage lending; the periods covered are not necessarily the same, because lending statistics are reported as of the date of loan commitment, while recording figures reflect the actual date of mortgage registration. Furthermore, alterations in the terms of an existing contract may necessitate a new registration. In the case of refinancing an institution's own mortgage, for example, the face amount of the instrument would appear in the recording totals, whereas only that portion which represented an increase of funds loaned would be included in the lending figures." N 291-300. Major Federal housingfinanceprograms, 1934-1970. The estimates for total of 5 or more units represent revisions of those in Grebler-Blank-Winnick (see source for series N 192-195), table L-4, which were undertaken by the Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System. Because of these revisions, the sum of series N 273 and N 276 does not equal the totals shown in series N 263. The data for FHA-insured mortgages are estimates of the Federal Housing Administration based on unpublished data. Source: Series N 291-297 and N 300, 1934-1970 (except N 297, 1950-1970), see source for series N 273-275, Real Estate Credit section. Series N 297, 1950-1964, Housing and Home Finance Agency, Annual Report, 1961*, table B-72; 1965-1970, U.S. Veterans Administration, unpublished data. Series N 298-299, Federal National Mortgage Association, unpublished data. N 278-290. The figures are based on records of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Veterans Administration (VA), Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB), and Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA). General note. While the annual changes in the amount of residential mortgage debt outstanding, series N 262-277, indicate the net flow of funds, measures of the gross flow of funds are useful for many purposes. However, these measures are far from adequate. For estimates of the gross flow of funds into new residential construction for 19111955, see Grebler-Blank-Winnick series N 192-195, appendix M and table 80. N 278-284. Mortgage loans on 1- to 4-family houses, by type of lender, 1925-1950. Source: See Grebler-Blank-Winnick source for series N 192-195, table N-13. (Figures are from Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Estimated Home Mortgage Debt and Lending Activity, 1950.) These series represent only rough approximations except for the N 291-296, loans made with FHA insurance. Figures are from FHA. Homes include 1- to 4-family houses. Projects include multifamily housing. Under law, only new multifamily projects are eligible for FHA-insured mortgage loans, although such projects are later eligible for refinancing loans. For the FHA classification of new and existing houses, see text for series N 180-181. N 297, loans made with VA guaranty. Figures are from VA and show the total principal amount of loans, not the guaranteed portion which is smaller. In addition to the loans made by private lenders under its guaranty program, the VA has made direct loans for home purchase to veterans in certain areas since fiscal year 1951. The cumulative amount of direct loans disbursed through December 31, 1970, was $3 billion. 637 CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING N 118-137 N 298-299, F N M A purchases and sales. Figures are from FNMA and include all its programs. Beginning 1954, F N M A established three independent portfolios of FNMA-owned mortgages with separate accountability. The three portfolios resulted from separate operations predicated on different purposes and objectives: (1) Secondary market operations, basically a privately financed activity; (2) special assistance functions, operated for the account of the government; and (3) management and liquidating functions, under which the F N M A managed and operated for the government the portfolio of mortgages acquired since 1938 under the FHA. Beginning 1968, F N M A separated into two organizations, the Government National Mortgage Association, which maintains the special assistance functions and the management and liquidating functions portfolios; and the "new" F N M A which maintains the secondary market operation portfolio. N 300, advances outstanding of the Federal Home Loan Banks. Figures are from FHLBB and represent advances to member institutions of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, mainly savings and loan associations. N 301. Real estate foreclosures of nonfarm properties, 1926-1970. Source: Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Savings and Home Financing Source Book, annual issues. Estimates for the old series are based on reports for approximately 1,700 counties, cities, townships, or other governmental divisions in * * * * * * * * * * • 1968. The reporting areas include approximately three-fifths of all nonfarm single-family housing units. Foreclosures in the remaining areas are estimated usually by reference to the closest reporting area. Figures represent the number of nonfarm properties, residential and nonresidential, acquired by mortgage lenders through foreclosure proceedings; they do not include voluntary transfers to such lenders in lieu of foreclosure, or defaults on real estate contracts. Foreclosure estimates consist of completed foreclosures—those that result in a sale or final action. N 302-307. Mortgage status of nonfarm owner-occupied housing units, 1890-1970. Source: Series N 302-306, U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1890-1950, U.S. Census of Housing: 1950, vol. I, part 1; 1956, National Housing Inventory, 1956, vol. I I ; and 1960 and 1970, U.S. Census of Housing: 1960, vol. V, and 1970, vol. V, respectively. Series N 307,1890-1950, see Grebler-Blank-Winnick source for series N 192-195, table 59 (based on census data for value and debt); 1956, 1960, and 1970, same as for series N 302-306. For 1940, 1950, 1956, 1960, and 1970, the mortgage statistics are for owner-occupied housing units in 1- to 4-family housing unit structures without business. For 1890-1920, they are for owner-occupied units in all types of structures. These differences are not large enough to invalidate comparisons. More Recent Data for Historical Statistics Series * * * * * * * * * * * * Statistics for more recent years in continuation of many of the still-active series shown here appear * * in annual issues of the Statistical Abstract of the United States, beginning with the 1975 edition. For * * direct linkage of the historical series to the tables in the Abstract, * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 638 see Appendix I in the Abstract. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * N 156-169 HOUSING Series N 156-169. New Housing Units Started, by Ownership, Type of Structure, Location, and Construction Cost: 1889 to 1970 Construction cost (mil. dol.) New housing units started (1,000) In structures with— Ownership Year Total Private Public 156 1 unit 2 units 3 units or more 159 160 161 Inside Outside S MSA's 1 S MSA's 1 162 Total 163 Privately owned Publicly owned 165 166 Construction cost, average per unit (dol.) Total Privately owned INCLUDES FARM HOUSING 1970 1969 1968 196 7 1966 1,469 1,500 1,545 1,322 1,196 1,434 1,467 1,508 1,292 1,165 35 33 38 30 31 815 811 900 845 780 48 48 54 48 41 606 640 591 429 376 1,035 1.097 1,116 920 809 435 403 429 402 387 22,655 23,292 23,153 19,072 16,969 22,148 22,807 22,622 18,674 16,575 507 485 531 397 394 15,450 15,525 14,975 14,425 14,175 15,450 15,550 15,000 14,450 14,225 1965 1964 196 8 1962 196 1 1,510 1,561 1,635 1,492 1,365 1,473 1,529 1,603 1,463 1,313 37 32 32 30 52 965 972 1,013 996 989 58 62 61 56 50 486 527 561 440 326 1,035 1.098 1,147 1,054 948 475 463 487 439 417 20,528 20,375 20,756 18,720 17,085 20,061 19,975 20,378 18,373 16,476 466 400 378 347 609 13,600 13,050 12,650 12,550 12,525 13,625 13,075 12,650 12,550 12,550 196 0 195 9 1,296 1,554 1,252 1,517 44 37 1,009 1,251 51 59 237 244 889 1,077 407 477 16,357 19,214 15,831 18,782 528 432 12,625 12,400 12,650 12,400 196 2 196 1 1,469 1,337 1,439 1,285 30 52 973 961 56 50 440 326 1,053 946 416 391 18,400 16,740 18,053 16,132 347 609 12,525 12,525 12,550 12,550 196 0 1959 1,274 1,531 1,230 1,495 44 37 987 1,229 51 59 237 244 888 1,076 386 455 16,124 18,981 15,596 18,549 528 432 12,650 12,400 12,675 12,400 EXCLUDES FARM HOUSING Urban areas Rural nonfarm areas 1958 1957 1956 1,382 1,224 1,349 1,314 1,175 1,325 68 49 24 16,565 14,913 15,781 15,744 14,346 15,519 567 262 821 12,000 12,175 11,700 11,975 12,225 11,725 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1,646 1,551 1,438 1,504 1,491 1,627 1,532 1,402 1,446 1,420 19 19 36 58 71 18,017 15,863 13,665 13,636 13,402 17,818 15,694 13,358 13,133 12,787 199 169 307 503 615 10,950 10,225 9,500 9,050 8,975 10,950 10,250 9,525 9,075 9,000 1950 1949. 1948. 1947 1946 1,952 1,466 1,362 1,268 1,023 1,908 1,430 1,344 1,265 1,015 44 36 18 3 16,481 10,992 10,514 8,430 5,746 16,111 10,663 10,340 8,404 5,690 370 329 174 26 56 8,450 7,525 7,725 6,650 5,625 8,450 7,450 7,700 6,650 5,600 1945 1944. 1943 1942 1941 326 142 191 356 706 325 139 184 301 620 118 144 293 604 11 18 20 34 96 124 227 434 46 67 129 272 1,504 496 689 1,344 2,826 1,498 483 660 1,134 2,531 6 13 29 210 295 4,625 3,500 3,600 3,775 4,000 4,625 3,475 3,600 3,775 4,075 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 603 515 406 336 319 530 458 399 332 304 216 486 399 317 267 244 183 37 29 18 16 14 397 359 262 218 211 117 206 156 144 118 108 104 2,299 1,948 1,584 1,382 1,271 757 2,072 1,764 1,562 1,366 1,194 732 227 184 22 17 77 25 3,825 3,775 3,900 4,125 3,975 3,425 3,925 3,850 3,900 4,100 3,925 3,400 1 221 SMSA = Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 639 N 118-137 CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING Series N 156-169. New Housing Units Started, by Ownership, Type of Structure, Location, and Construction Cost: 1889 to 1970—Con. New housing units started (1,000) In structures with- Year Total 1 unit 2 units EXCLUDES FARM HOUSING Urban areas 3 units or more 159 Construction cost Rural nonfarm Total (mil. dol.) 162 161 Con. 1934 1933 1932 1931 134 254 109 76 118 187 5 5 7 22 12 12 9 45 49 45 64 174 77 48 70 80 368 286 407 1,105 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 609 753 810 849 227 316 436 454 491 29 51 78 99 117 74 142 239 267 241 400 594 643 681 94 109 159 167 168 1,494 2,453 3,613 3,910 4.112 1925 1924.. 1923 1922 1921 937 893 871 716 449 573 534 513 437 316 157 173 175 146 70 208 186 183 133 63 752 716 698 674 369 185 177 173 142 90 4,475 4,065 3,775 2,957 1,771 1920.. 1919 1918 1917 1916 247 315 118 240 437 202 239 91 166 267 24 36 13 31 69 21 40 14 43 101 196 230 86 175 319 51 85 32 65 118 1,068 1,258 391 769 1,255 1915... 1914 1913. 1912 1911 433 421 421 426 395 262 263 264 258 249 73 72 72 71 62 98 86 85 97 84 316 308 307 311 288 117 113 114 115 107 1,192 1,081 1,108 1.113 1,000 1910. 1909.' 1908.. 1907... 1906 387 492 416 432 487 251 328 286 291 316 57 73 65 59 69 79 91 65 82 102 283 322 272 283 319 104 170 144 149 168 1,028 1,272 1,034 1,037 1,170 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 507 315 253 240 336 207 175 171 177 64 45 30 32 32 107 63 48 37 66 332 206 166 157 180 175 109 87 83 95 1,154 690 607 572 610 1900... 1899... 1898 1897 1896 189 282 262 292 257 123 31 36 124 159 148 165 145 65 123 114 127 112 433 608 574 643 606 1895 1894... 1893 1892. 1891 309 265 267 381 175 160 151 215 169 134 115 116 166 129 679 594 583 763 612 328 342 185 193 143 149 790 806 126 i 1890 1889 Series N 170. Year Mobile home shipments Year Mobile Home Shipments: 1947 to 1970 Mobile home shipments Year Mobile home shipments Year Mobile home shipments Year Mobile home shipments 170 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 401,190 412,690 317,950 240,360 217,300 640 1965. 1964 1963. 1962 1961. 216,470 191,320 150,840 118,000 90,200 1960 1959 1968. 1957 1956 103,700 120,500 102,000 119,300 124,330 1955. 1954. 1953 1952 1951 111,900 76,000 76,900 83,000 67,300 1950. 1949 1948 1947 63,100 46,200 85,500 60,000 HOUSING N 171-185 New Publicly-Owned Housing Starts, by Ownership and Program: 1949 to 1970 Series N 171-179. [In units] State and locally owned Federally owned Federally aided (PHA) All public programs Year Military Total All other Total Total New York City Housing Authority (excluding federally aided) New York City Housing Authority 175 171 All other 178 1970.. 1969.. 1968.. 1967.. 1966- 35,363 32,779 37,802 30,329 30,942 2,873 4,010 4,690 3,470 289 2,814 3,977 4,597 3,199 31 59 33 93 271 258 32,490 28,769 33,112 26,859 30,653 28,848 26,958 31,020 25,303 28,721 2,309 1,486 1,298 2,005 1,290 225 1,333 440 1,867 223 1,492 1965.. 19641963.. 19621961.. 36,907 33,264 31,758 29,653 52,001 4,686 4,580 3,181 4,363 14,047 4,432 2.532 13,153 254 4,580 3,181 1,831 894 32,221 28,684 28,577 25,290 37,954 30,077 22,712 23,970 19,781 28,190 3,061 1,033 4,328 3,581 4,522 96 1,335 874 2,562 5,263 2,048 4,637 3,733 2,947 4,501 19601959* 1958.. 1957_. 1956- 43,897 36,690 67,907 49,103 24,236 13,801 14,999 36,312 25,518 8,752 13,182 14,590 34,667 23,642 3,783 619 409 1,645 1,876 4,969 30,096 21,691 31,595 23,585 15,484 26,533 13,860 19,970 17,473 4,794 4,203 2,003 1,102 2,856 981 771 3,966 6,319 2,762 5,189 2,792 3,865 5,306 3,350 5,501 1955.. 1954.. 1953.. 1952.. 1951.. 19,596 18,638 35,483 58,520 71,207 5,012 246 104 5,012 246 104 8,572 14,155 31,314 52,747 65,201 3,916 2,289 2,246 5,862 2,641 3,870 3,656 2,955 1,731 1,436 2,142 581 622 1,060 14,584 18,392 35,379 57,898 70,147 19501949- 43,648 36,321 1,055 3,963 1,055 3,963 42,593 32,358 26,875 781 5,259 4,399 19,660 11,319 11,917 622 1,060 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. Series N 180-185. New privately owned units started under 1 — VA inspection FHA = Federal Housing Administration; VA = Veterans Administration] New and existing privately owned units covered by loans FHA (mortgages insured) Total Homes VA (mortgages guaranteed) Rental projects 184 432.8 240.5 227.1 179.7 158.4 61.0 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 196.6 204.6 221.0 49.4 59.2 71.0 77.8 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 260.9 332.5 295.4 168.4 2189.3 128.3 270.7 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 276.7 276.3 252.0 279.9 263.5 392.9 307.0 156.5 141.3 148.6 328 251 303 286 318 223 272 246 261 31 40 74 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 486.7 363.8 294.1 229.0 69.0 41.2 191.2 90.8 71.1 160.3 91.8 506 453 400 197 352 320 321 150 155 133 79 47 107 103 4 74.6 109.3 102.1 8.8 515 495 453 412 436 201 81 76 41 211 201 591 557 476 469 435 554 503 423 405 376 37 54 53 64 59 163 422 549 454 245 264 373 505 389 49 44 65 43 145 213 146 307 508 9 650 411 322 307 447 335 88 253 86 214 1944. 1943 93.3 146.2 157 1942 1941. 186 211 188 134 11 28 New and existing privately owned units covered by FHA loans (mortgages insured) Total Homes Rental projects 182 183 184 12 20 210 170 157 190 165.7 220.4 242 236 1940 1939 180.1 187 185 183 171 4 13 1938 1937 118.7 60.0 134 114 122 111 12 1936 1935 49.4 14.0 26 85 84 25 158.1 220 216 498 277 350 542 412 3 43 2 1 Based on first compliance inspection. Includes homes and housing units in multifamily projects; excludes mobile homes and non-housing unit activity. 168 716 576 529 453 469 202 Year New privately owned units started under FHA inspection 185 1970 1969. 1968 1967 1966 259.5 243.6 1,110 3,420 3,510 Represents zero. 180 51.2 56.1 52.5 36.8 1,811 Privately Owned Housing Units in Major Federal Programs: 1935 to 1970 [In thousands. FHA inspection 3,642 2 3 Excludes 2,567 Capehart units. Estimated. 641 N 118-137 Series N 186-191. CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING Low-Rent Public Housing Units, by Progress Stage, and War and Defense Housing and Veterans Housing Units Available for Occupancy: 1941 to 1970 [Low-rent public housing units cover those units subsidized by U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development under annual contributions contracts, including new, conventional, and turnkey units and existing housing either acquired or leased. Includes Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands] Low-rent public housing (1,000) 1 Year 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 Total Under management 2 Under construction N o t under construction 3 186 187 188 189 ______ _ Low-rent public housing (1,000) _ __ 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 Year 1,155.3 1,034.7 923.7 850.2 778.2 735.7 714.3 682.3 646.6 624.1 893.5 822.6 744.5 673.2 635.9 604.9 576.7 553.4 527.2 499.0 126.8 84.8 73.5 48.8 45.6 42.4 38.5 37.4 41.1 47.4 135.0 127.4 105.7 128.2 96.7 88.4 99.0 91.5 78.4 77.7 593.3 585.2 557.2 534.6 533.6 478.2 465.2 444.2 429.5 423.9 36.4 23.9 30.0 24.0 14.0 78.8 96.1 83.0 81.1 95.7 Under management 8 Under construction N o t under construction 8 186 187 188 189 190 1955 5 1954 1953 1952 1951 489.7 455.7 455.2 436.8 404.8 413.6 390.1 343.8 271.3 211.3 21.1 33.4 61.5 87.6 90.6 55.1 32.2 50.0 77.9 102.9 1950 5 1949 1948 1947 1946. 1945 1944 1943 1942,-1941 302.1 204.9 193.8 192.0 201.7 191.6 190.9 189.7 31.5 1.7 1.5 .1 68.9 11.5 1.4 2.1 As of December 31. Occupied or available for occupancy. Comprises units to be constructed and units that will go directly into "under management" category because they need no rehabilitation. Veterans re-use housing available for occupancy 4 191 109 3,441 6,559 5,577 1,550 4,051 40,171 150,327 347,404 120,729 59,786 381 695 27,168 106,631 128,871 1,906 4 Refers to period between completion of construction and actual occupancy. 5 Excludes units which have been sold to mutual housing associations, limited dividend corporations ( P W A ) , and homestead associations on which H U D has mortgages for collection. 1 2 9 Series N 192-195. Total War and defense housing available for occupancy 4 1 Nonfarm Dwelling Units Standing and Selected Components of Change: 1890 to 1950 [In thousands] Dwelling units standing Year Year 192 Period 192 39,625 29,683 25,692 17,733 1950 1940 1930 1920 Units added Dwelling units standing 14,281 10,589 8,319 1910 1900 1890 1940-1949, . . 1930-1939. - 1920-1929 . . _ Series N 196-199. New units started Converted units 193 194 2,000 1,070 125 5,393 2,646 7,004 Units demolished or destroyed Units added Period New units started Converted units 193 194 195 1,000 397 580 1910-1919 1900-1909 1890-1899- . . 3,593 3,606 2,941 Units demolished or destroyed 195 103 81 62 414 297 208 Nonfarm Residential Wealth: 1889 to 1953 [In millions of dollars] Year Total, current dollars Structures 1929 dollars Current dollars 197 198 196 Land, current dollars 199 1953 1952 1951 282,751 270,918 257,833 96,933 94,173 91,575 234,966 224,320 212,454 47,785 46,598 45,379 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 233,623 212,430 214,358 188,396 153,140 88,855 84,951 82,790 80,556 78,974 191,571 173,565 174,273 152,412 123,278 42,052 38,875 40,085 35,984 29,862 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 137,348 130,960 122,450 118,922 113,548 78,178 79,111 80,219 81,230 81,535 110,153 104,506 97,225 94,064 89,362 27,195 26,454 25,225 24,858 24,186 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 104,102 99,264 96,831 94,297 84,770 80,149 79,006 78,028 77,692 77,420 81,512 77,426 75,140 72,797 65,188 22,590 21,838 21,690 21,500 19,582 1935 1934 1933 1932 81,314 84,669 79,100 80,537 77,273 77,724 78,685 79,796 62,205 64,433 59,958 60,725 19,109 20,236 19,142 19,812 1 As of June 1. 642 Year Total, current dollars 196 Structures 1929 dollars Current dollars 197 198 current dollars Year 196 199 1931 96,761 80,724 72,571 24,190 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 105,430 108,429 102,438 98,639 95,999 80,775 80,563 78,938 75,939 72,519 78,756 80,563 75,702 72,598 70,271 26,674 27,866 26,736 26,041 25,728 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 90,802 86,633 83,501 71,329 74,791 68,715 64,818 61,245 58,316 55,976 66,104 62,809 60,204 51,143 53,401 24,698 23,824 23,297 20,186 21,390 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 92,155 72,163 61,972 52,987 45,527 55,122 55,317 55,008 55,613 55,510 65,430 50,947 43,566 37,038 31,641 26,715 21,216 18,406 15,949 13,886 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 41,986 40,251 39,401 40,063 38,417 54,306 53,051 51,927 50,711 49,539 29,054 27,693 26,950 27,283 26,008 12,932 12,558 12,451 12,780 12,409 Total, current dollars Structures 1929 dollars Current dollars 197 198 Land, current dollars 199 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 38,337 36,369 33,977 34,255 31,971 48,499 47,406 45,715 44,378 43,085 25,801 24,367 22,629 22,677 21,069 12,536 12,002 11,348 11,578 10,902 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 28,118 25,739 25,494 24,256 23,116 41,385 39,425 38,418 37,640 36,892 18,416 16,756 16,520 15,621 14,794 9,702 8,983 8,974 8,635 8,322 1900 1899 1898 1897 1896 22,936 21,607 19,703 18,387 18,103 35,984 35,525 34,522 33,459 32,080 14,610 13,677 12,393 11,510 11,260 8,326 7,930 7,310 6,877 6,843 1895 1894 1893 1892 1891 17,403 16,867 16,833 16,257 15,742 30,816 29,301 28,024 26,814 25,087 10,755 10,373 10,285 9,868 9,508 6,648 6,494 6,548 6,389 6,234 1890 i - 1889 15,540 14,333 23,786 22,050 9,324 8,600 6,216 5,733 HOUSING Series N 200-215. N 200-215 Value of Gross and Net Stocks of Residential Structures in Current and Constant (1958) Dollars: 1925 to 1970 [In billions of dollars] Gross stocks of residential structures Total, all types Year 200 Public Private nonfarm Farm 1-4 unit 5 or more unit Federal State and local 201 202 203 204 205 N e t stocks of residential structures Private nonhousekeeping Mobile homes 206 207 Total, all types 208 Private nonfarm Public Farm 1-4 unit 5 or more unit Federal State and local 209 210 211 212 213 Private nonhousekeeping Mobile homes 214 215 CURRENT DOLLARS 1,284.7 1,197.3 1,094.4 1,010.6 941.8 1,050.2 983.4 903.3 836.5 782.1 111.1 100.3 88.4 79.0 72.5 8.5 8.0 7.4 6.9 6.5 20.5 18.9 16.7 15.3 13.9 50.5 47.7 44.3 42.6 39.5 27.9 25.6 23.4 21.2 19.4 16.0 13.4 10.9 9.1 7.9 804.2 749.5 682.6 633.3 593.0 661.6 620.0 567.9 529.5 497.1 72.2 65.1 66.4 49.6 45.2 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.3 14.9 13.8 12.3 11.3 10.4 24.7 23.0 21.6 21.2 20.5 15.9 14.6 13.4 12.1 11.1 9.6 8.0 6.3 5.1 4.4 1965... 1964 1963 1962 1961 888.9 848.0 807.5 765.7 731.6 739.8 707.2 675.1 641.3 614.1 67.0 62.2 57.2 52.2 48.2 6.2 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.3 12.8 12.1 11.2 10.6 9.6 39.5 38.4 38.3 38.0 37.9 16.7 16.3 14.9 13.6 12.6 6.9 5.9 5.0 4.4 3.9 559.7 533.1 505.1 477.6 453.4 470.2 450.1 428.5 407.0 389.2 41.4 37.7 33.7 29.8 26.7 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.7 9.7 9.3 8.7 8.4 7.7 20.3 19.7 19.6 19.3 18.1 10.0 8.9 7.9 6.9 6.0 3.9 3.3 2.7 2.3 2.0 1960 1959 1958 1957... 1956 713.5 689.0 645.1 618.4 593.7 600.8 579.8 540.9 517.7 496.0 45.6 43.9 41.6 40.1 39.0 4.9 4.6 4.0 3.6 3.4 9.0 8.5 7.9 7.2 6.8 37.7 37.6 37.2 37.0 36.4 11.9 11.4 10.8 10.5 10.2 3.6 3.2 2.7 2.3 1.9 440.9 424.9 395.4 376.7 359.4 380.4 366.8 340.6 324.3 308.6 24.6 23.4 21.9 21.0 20.4 3.5 3.3 2.8 2.5 2.3 7.1 6.9 6.5 6.0 5.8 18.1 18.0 17.9 17.8 17.7 5.3 4.7 4.2 3.8 3.6 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.0 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951... 556.7 517.1 498.8 486.8 465.0 463.4 427.7 410.5 398.1 378.6 37.4 36.7 35.1 35.0 34.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 6.4 5.8 5.4 5.9 5.2 35.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 33.8 9.8 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 .8 335.6 308.3 293.9 283.7 268.0 286.5 261.1 247.5 237.9 223.5 19.7 18.9 18.8 18.8 18.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 6.4 5.2 4.8 4.5 3.8 17.6 17.1 17.0 16.7 16.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 .7 .6 .5 .5 .4 1950 1949... 1948.... 1947... 1946 428.4 386.2 369.3 342.6 286.7 347.8 312.0 297.8 274.4 228.8 32.1 29.6 28.5 26.8 22.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.4 3.4 3.0 2.5 2.4 1.7 32.2 29.4 28.5 27.5 23.3 9.3 8.9 8.8 8.6 7.5 .7 .6 .5 .3 .1 244.5 216.4 205.2 187.9 155.9 202.8 177.8 167.7 152.1 125.3 17.6 16.2 15.5 14.6 12.6 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 3.1 2.6 2.3 2.2 1.5 16.4 14.5 14.4 13.9 11.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.4 .4 .3 .3 .2 .1 1945 1944. 1943 1942. . 1941 243.4 226.2 211.5 195.1 179.3 194.8 181.3 168.2 155.4 144.3 19.9 18.5 17.2 15.8 14.7 2.3 2.0 1.7 .9 .5 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.7 .5 18.9 17.2 16.8 15.8 14.2 6.5 6.2 5.8 6.5 5.1 132.3 124.9 117.3 108.9 101.2 105.9 99.7 93.9 88.0 82.4 11.1 10.6 10.0 9.4 8.9 2.1 1.9 1.6 .8 .4 .9 .9 .8 .8 .6 10.2 9.7 8.9 7.9 6.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 162.9 151.4 146.4 142.3 132.2 131.3 121.7 117.5 114.0 105.9 13.5 12.6 12.1 11.8 10.9 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .3 .1 12.9 12.3 12.3 12.1 11.3 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.0 91.7 85.0 82.4 80.9 76.0 74.9 69.4 67.2 65.6 61.4 8.3 7.8 7.6 7.5 7.0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .3 .1 6.1 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 121.8 119.3 114.2 109.1 122.2 97.5 95.4 91.2 86.9 97.1 10.0 9.8 9.4 9.0 10.1 10.6 10.5 10.2 9.9 11.3 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.7 70.9 70.2 68.0 65.9 75.1 57.0 56.4 54.7 53.0 60.1 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.3 7.2 6.6 5.5 5.2 4.9 6.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.2 140.5 147.4 143.6 136.3 131.6 127.8 111.6 117.1 113.8 108.1 105.3 101.7 11.5 12.0 11.3 10.1 8.2 8.2 13.2 14.0 14.4 14.4 14.6 14.8 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.1 87.3 92.8 90.7 86.0 83.2 79.5 69.7 73.8 72.1 68.5 66.6 64.0 8.4 8.9 8.4 7.5 6.6 5.8 6.8 7.6 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.8 1970 1969 1968. 1967 1966 . . 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934. 1933.. 1932 1931 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 .. . - (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) CONSTANT ( 1 9 5 8 ) DOLLARS 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 870.3 843.3 823.2 802.2 786.4 707.2 688.7 676.5 662.0 650.7 74.8 70.1 66.1 62.5 60.3 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.6 6.6 13.7 13.0 12.3 11.7 11.1 34.0 34.2 34.3 34.5 34.7 18.8 18.2 17.5 16.8 16.1 16.0 13.4 10.9 9.1 7.9 544.6 526.9 514.5 502.2 492.3 445.5 433.3 426.6 419.0 412.1 48.6 45.5 42.2 39.2 37.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 10.0 9.4 9.0 8.8 8.4 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.9 10.7 10.4 10.0 9.6 9.2 9.6 8.0 6.3 5.1 4.4 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 769.6 749.6 729.7 709.5 690.5 638.5 623.5 609.1 594.2 579.6 67.8 54.9 51.6 48.4 45.5 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.0 10.7 10.3 9.9 9.6 8.9 34.9 35.1 35.3 35.5 35.7 15.3 14.4 13.5 12.6 11.9 6.9 5.9 5.0 4.0 3.9 482.2 469.2 455.7 441.5 427.5 405.1 396.1 387.0 376.8 367.0 35.7 33.3 30.5 27.7 25.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3,5 8.2 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.2 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 8.6 7.9 7.1 6.4 5.6 3.9 3.3 2.7 2.3 2.0 1960 1959 1958 1967 1956 679.5 663.8 634.7 618.0 601.2 572.0 559.0 532.8 518.2 502.9 43.6 42.3 41.0 40.2 39.6 4.7 4.4 3.9 3.6 3.4 8.4 8.0 7.6 7.1 6.8 35.8 35.9 36.0 36.0 36.1 11.4 10.7 10.5 10.4 3.6 3.2 2.7 2.4 2.0 419.6 408.1 388.0 375.1 363.9 362.0 352.3 334.5 323.2 312.9 23.5 22.5 21.6 21.0 20.7 3.3 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.4 6.8 6.5 6.2 5.9 5.7 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 5.0 4.6 4.1 3.8 3.6 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 1955. 1954 1953 1952 1951 583.9 564.8 546.1 530.0 515.3 486.5 468.2 450.1 435.0 421.3 39.3 38.9 38.6 38.2 38.0 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 6.5 6.2 5.8 5.2 4.5 36.2 36.3 36.4 36.5 36.5 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 .9 350.8 333.8 320.8 309.0 298.2 300.3 283.5 270.8 259.5 249.1 20.7 20.7 20.6 20.6 20.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 6.6 5.4 5.2 4.7 4.2 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.8 17.9 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 .8 .6 .6 .5 .4 Z 11.0 Less than $0.05 billion. 643 CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING N 118-137 Series N 200-215. Value of Gross and Net Stocks of Residential Structures in Current and Constant (1958) Dollars: 1925 to 1970—Con. [In billions o f dollars] N e t s t o c k s of residential structures Gross s t o c k s of residential structures Year 200 Private nonfarm Public Private nonfarm Total, all types Farm 1-4 unit 5 or more unit Federal State and local 201 202 203 204 205 Private nonhousekeeping Mobile homes Total, all types 206 207 208 Public Farm 1-4 unit 5 or more unit Federal State and local 209 210 211 212 213 Private nonhousekeeping Mobile homes 214 215 Private nonhousekeeping Mobile homes 230 231 CONSTANT ( 1 9 5 8 ) D O L L A R S — C o n . 500.1 480.2 466.2 451.6 439.4 406.8 388.1 375.3 361.6 350.1 37.6 36.8 35.9 35.3 35.0 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.7 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.3 2.7 36.6 36.5 36.4 36.3 36.3 10.9 434.5 434.2 433.9 432.3 429.9 346.0 345.3 345.0 344.7 343.3 34.9 35.0 35.1 35.1 35.0 4.0 3.9 3.5 2.0 1.1 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.2 36.3 36.5 36.6 36.7 37.1 11.4 11.7 11.9 12.1 12.2 1940 1939 1938 1937. 1936 422.9 417.0 411.6 408.2 404.6 337.3 332.4 327.9 324.9 322.0 34.7 34.4 33.9 33.6 33.2 .6 .6 .6 .5 .2 .7 .2 37.4 37.2 37.1 37.1 37.1 1935. 1934 1933 1932 1931 401.6 400.5 400.7 400.8 400.6 319.5 318.3 318.3 318.3 317.9 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9 397.4 392.9 384.8 373.0 360.1 346.3 315.1 311.5 305.8 297.3 288.2 278.2 32.5 32.0 30.4 27.9 25.1 22.5 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 ... 1945.... 1944 1943 1942 1941. ... 1930 1929 1928.. 1927 1926 1925 Z .. (Z) (Z) (Z) 0.8 .7 .6 .4 .2 285.6 268.5 256.9 247.4 237.9 237.4 221.5 211.1 201.8 192.4 20.6 20.1 19.5 19.3 19.3 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.4 17.5 17.0 16.5 16.5 16.6 .1 231.7 235.1 239.0 241.2 241.8 186.0 188.7 191.9 194.8 195.9 19.5 20.0 20.5 20.8 21.2 3.7 3.6 3.3 1.9 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.2 17.0 17.2 17.5 17.6 17.7 12.2 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.1 237.8 234.5 232.3 232.2 231.8 192.7 189.9 187.8 187.3 187.0 21.3 21.3 21.2 21.4 21.4 .6 .6 .6 .5 .2 .7 .2 17.7 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 37.2 37.3 37.5 37.6 37.8 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 232.2 234.3 237.9 242.1 245.6 187.0 188.3 190.9 193.9 196.3 21.6 22.0 22.5 23.0 23.5 37.9 37.9 37.7 37.5 37.3 37.2 11.9 11.5 10.9 10.3 9.5 8.4 246.8 247.0 242.9 235.1 226.1 215.5 196.9 197.0 194.2 188.7 182.6 174.8 23.6 23.6 22.5 20.5 18.1 15.9 11.0 11.1 11.3 11.4 (Z) (Z) (Z) 18.1 18.3 18.6 19.0 19.3 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.8 19.8 19.9 Less than $0.05 billion. Series N 216-231. Mean Age of Stocks of Residential Structures: 1925 to 1970 [In years] G r o s s stocks of residential structures Total, all types Year 216 Private nonfarm Public Farm 1-4 unit 5 or more unit Federal State and local 217 218 219 220 221 N e t stocks of residential structures Private nonhousekeeping Mobile homes Total, aU types 222 223 224 Public Private nonfarm Farm 1-4 unit 5 or more unit Federal State and local 225 226 227 228 229 1970 1969 1968 1967. 1966 27.6 27.6 27.6 27.7 27.7 27.7 27.5 27.4 27.4 27.3 19.7 20.4 21.3 22.0 22.4 21.1 20.4 19.7 18.9 18.0 13.9 13.7 13.4 13.0 12.7 49.0 49.1 49.1 49.0 49.0 11.5 11.5 11.6 11.9 12.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.3 18.7 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.5 19.1 18.9 18.7 18.6 18.4 12.2 12.6 13.3 13.8 14.0 18.5 17.8 17.3 16.5 15.6 11.9 11.8 11.7 11.4 11.2 35.1 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.6 7.1 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 27.7 27.9 28.1 28.3 28.5 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 23.1 24.0 25.3 26.8 27.9 17.2 16.6 15.9 15.3 14.9 12.3 11.7 11.2 10.7 10.5 48.8 48.7 48.5 48.3 48.2 12.8 13.6 14.6 15.9 16.9 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.9 18.3 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.3 14.6 15.4 16.7 18.5 20.0 14.9 14.5 13.8 13.3 13.0 10.9 10.4 10.0 9.5 9.4 35.6 35.5 35.4 35.4 35.4 6.2 6.3 6.6 7.1 7.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 28.7 28.9 29.2 29.4 29.6 27.7 27.8 28.2 28.4 28.6 28.8 29.2 29.5 29.5 29.3 14.7 14.6 15.3 15.8 15.5 10.2 9.7 9.3 8.9 8.4 48.0 47.8 47.5 47.3 47.0 18.0 19.0 19.9 20.7 21.2 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 19.0 19.1 19.4 19.6 19.8 18.3 18.3 18.6 18.8 18.9 21.2 22.0 22.7 23.0 23.1 13.0 13.2 14.4 15.4 15.4 9.2 8.8 8.5 8.2 7.7 35.4 35.2 35.0 34.9 34.7 8.4 9.2 10.1 11.1 11.9 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 1955 1954 1953. 1952 1951 30.0 30.5 30.9 31.3 31.6 29.0 29.6 30.1 30.6 31.0 29.0 28.6 28.2 27.8 27.4 14.5 13.6 12.5 11.6 10.6 7.8 7.1 6.6 6.3 6.3 46.8 46.6 46.4 46.3 46.2 21.6 21.8 21.9 21.8 21.6 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.3 20.1 20.7 21.1 21.6 22.0 19.3 19.9 20.5 20.9 21.5 22.8 22.6 22.4 22.1 21.8 14.5 13.5 12.5 11.6 10.6 7.2 6.5 6.0 5.8 5.8 34.7 34.5 34.6 34.7 34.9 12.9 13.6 14.2 14.7 14.9 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946- 32.1 32.8 33.2 33.7 34.1 31.5 32.4 32.9 33.5 33.9 27.0 27.0 27.0 26.9 26.6 9.6 8.6 7.7 6.5 5.1 6.4 6.0 5.6 4.7 4.3 46.2 46.2 46.3 46.5 46.5 21.3 21.1 20.8 20.4 20.0 2.8 2.3 1.6 1.2 .8 22.7 23.7 24.4 25.2 25.9 22.1 23.3 24.1 25.0 25.9 21.5 21.8 22.2 22.4 22.3 9.6 8.6 7.7 6.5 5.0 6.0 5.7 5.4 4.5 4.2 35.2 35.6 36.2 36.9 37.4 15.1 15.2 15.4 15.5 15.3 2.3 1.9 1.4 1.1 .7 19451944 1943 1942. _ 1941 34.2 33.6 33.0 32.5 32.1 34.1 33.5 32.9 32.2 31.8 26.1 25.3 24.5 23.7 23.0 3.8 2.9 2.1 2.4 2.8 4.6 3 6 2.7 1.8 1.2 46.4 45.6 44.8 44.1 43.5 19.7 19.1 18.4 17.7 17.2 .5 26.4 25.7 25.1 24.6 24.3 26.4 25.8 25.2 24.5 24.1 21.9 21.1 20.3 19.5 18.8 3.6 2.8 2.0 2.3 2.6 4.6 3.6 2.6 1.8 1.2 37.7 36.7 35.8 34.9 34.2 15.5 14.9 14.2 13.4 12.9 .5 . . 644 N 216-237 HOUSING Series N 216-231. Mean Age of Stocks of Residential Structures: 1925 to 1970—Con. [In years] Gross stocks of residential structures Private nonfarm Total, all types Year 216 5 or more unit Federal State and local 217 218 219 220 32.0 31.9 31.6 31.3 30.9 31.7 31.6 31.4 31.0 30.6 22.4 21.9 21.4 20.8 20.2 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 30.4 29.9 29.2 28.5 27.8 30.2 29.6 28.9 28.2 27.5 19.5 18.7 17.9 17.0 16.1 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 27.3 26.8 26.6 26.6 26.8 27.0 27.0 26.5 26.2 26.2 26.3 26.4 15.4 14.8 14.7 15.0 15.8 16.7 Series N 232-237. [In billions of current dollars. Public 1-4 unit 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 Net stocks of residential structures 3.7 2.8 1.8 1.0 .7 0.8 .6 .5 .6 .5 Farm Private nonhousekeeping 221 Total, all types 1-4 unit 222 Public 5 or more unit Federal State and local 226 227 228 43.0 42.4 42.0 41.6 41.2 16.7 16.3 15.8 15.4 14.9 24.4 24.4 24.3 24.0 23.7 24.3 24.3 24.3 24.0 23.7 18.3 17.8 17.4 16.8 16.2 3.7 2.7 1.8 1.0 .7 40.8 40.3 39.7 39.0 38.4 14.3 13.7 13.0 12.4 11.7 23.4 22.8 22.1 21.4 20.6 23.3 22.8 22.1 21.4 20.7 15.5 14.7 13.8 12.9 12.0 .6 .5 37.8 37.4 37.0 36.6 36.3 35.9 11.0 20.1 19.6 19.5 19.6 19.9 20.2 20.2 19.7 19.5 19.6 19.8 20.1 11.3 10.6 10.4 10.7 11.4 12.3 10.7 10.4 10.3 10.4 10.8 Farm Private nonhousekeeping 229 0.8 .6 .5 230 33.8 33.2 33.0 32.6 32.3 12.6 12.3 12.0 11.6 11.2 31.8 31.4 30.7 30.0 29.3 10.7 10.1 9.4 8.7 7.9 28.7 28.2 27.9 27.6 27.4 27.0 7.2 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.7 Comparison of Residential Wealth Estimates: 1890 to 1950 June and April figures are for the first day of the month; December figures, last day of the month; where month is not specified, the specific date was not available. These estimates were compiled from the various sources shown in the footnotes] Cumulated wealth estimates Date Private nonfarm Total Structures Benchmark wealth estimates Land Date Structures Land 235 1949 1939 1938 1929 December. December. December December 212.5 99.2 96.8 108.5 173.6 77.4 75.1 80.6 38.9 21.8 21.7 27.9 1922 1912 1900 1890 December December December June 71.3 40.1 22.9 15.0 51.1 27.3 14.6 9.0 20.2 12.8 8.3 6.0 N A N o t available. 1 Derived from Census of Housing, 1950, Preliminary Reports, series H C - 5 , No. 1. Housing—Special Reports, Bureau of the Census, series H-1943, No. 1. 3 Robert R. Doane, The Anatomy of Wealth, Harper, 1940. 2 1950 April 1 1940 April 2 1938 3 1930 « 1930 April« 260.0 87.4 92.0 107.7 99.0 (NA) (NA) 44.0 51.6 46.8 (NA) (NA) 48.0 56.1 52.2 1930 1922 1912 1900 1890 122.6 65.0 39.2 20.0 14.4 98.1 30.0 20.7 9.5 6.7 24.5 34.9 18.5 10.5 7.7 April» « June «. June 8 June 4 E. A. Keller, A Study of the Physical Assets, Sometimes Called, Wealth, of the United States, 1922—1933, University of Notre Dame Press, 1939. 5 David L. Wickens, Residential Real Estate, N B E R , 1941. 6 Simon Kuznets, National Product since 1869, N B E R , 1946. 645 N 238-258 CONSTRUCTION A N D HOUSING Series N 238-245. Occupied Housing Units and Tenure of Homes: 1890 to 1970 T o t a l population Total occupied housing units Number of persons (1,000) (1,000) Year ' 238 Tenure of homes Occupied units r e p o r t ing tenure (1,000) Per occupied housing unit Owner occupied Number (1,000) 239 R e n t e r occupied Percent Number (1,000) 243 244 TOTAL 1970 8 1960* 1966» 1950... 1945 > 1940 63,450 53,024 49,874 42,826 37,600 34,855 203,211 179,326 (NA) 150,697 140,186 131,669 29,905 24,353 20,256 15,964 12,690 1970 2 1960* 1950 1945 s 1940 1930 1920 1910 1900 1890 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 63,450 53,024 49,874 42,826 37,600 34,855 39,885 32,796 30,121 23,560 20,009 15,196 62.9 61.9 60.4 55.0 63.2 43.6 23,565 20,227 19,753 19,266 17,591 19,659 122,775 105,711 91,972 75,995 62,948 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.8 5.0 29,322 23,811 19,782 15,429 12,690 14,002 10,867 9,084 7,205 6,066 47.8 45.6 45.9 46.7 47.8 15,320 12,944 10,698 8,224 6,624 60,351 49,458 37,105 31,281 27,748 192,624 165,851 127,649 (NA) 101,453 3.2 3.4 3.4 60,351 49,458 37,105 31,281 27,748 37,393 30,164 19,802 16,878 11,413 62.0 61.0 53.4 50.8 41.1 22,957 19,294 17,304 15,403 16,335 23,300 17,600 14,132 10,274 7,923 92,618 74,096 <59,895 4.0 4.2 <4.2 22,917 17,229 13,672 9,780 7,923 10,550 7,041 5,245 3,567 2,924 46.0 40.9 38.4 36.5 36.9 12,367 10,188 8,427 6,213 4,999 1970 2 1960* 1950 1945 > 1940... 3,095 3,566 5,721 6,319 7,107 10,589 13,475 23,049 (NA) 30,216 3.4 3.8 4.0 3,095 3,566 5,721 6,319 7,107 2,492 2,633 3,758 4,131 3,783 80.5 73.8 65.7 65.4 53.2 603 933 1,963 2,188 3,324 1930 1920 1910 1900. 1890 6,605 6,751 6,124 5,690 4,767 30,158 31,614 '32,077 6,405 6,581 6,110 5,649 4,767 3,452 3,826 3,838 3,638 3,143 53.9 58.1 62.8 64.4 65.9 2,953 2,755 2,271 2,011 1,624 .__. 1930 1920 1910 1900 1890 ( N A )I NONFARM ( N A )I 3.7 FARM ( N A )I 4.3 4.6 4.7 <5.2 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. N A N o t available. 1 Figuies for 1956 are for December 31; figures for 1945 are for N o v e m b e r 1; figures for decennial years, 1890 to 1970, are for census dates. Series N 246-258. [In percent. Housing Units Vacancy Rates, by Region: 1940 to 1970 Annual averages, except as noted. All housing units v a c a n c y rate Year 2 Farm-nonfarm breakdown will not add to total; " T o t a l " figures were revised as a result of errors found after the tabulations were completed. 1 These figures are not comparable with other years; based on sample surveys. < Estimated; see text. F o r composition of regions, see text for series A 172-194] Homeowner v a c a n c y rate Rental v a c a n c y rate Total Yearround vacancy Seasonal vacancy United States Northeast North Central South West United States Northeast North Central South West 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966... 8.8 9.1 9.3 9.9 10.3 6.3 6.5 6.7 7.2 7.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 0.8 .8 .8 .7 .9 1.0 .9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.0 2.1 5.3 5.5 5.9 6.8 7.7 2.7 3.0 3.7 4.8 5.3 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.7 6.5 7.2 7.2 7.5 8.0 8.5 5.6 6.1 7.1 8.9 10.9 1965 1964 1963. 1962 1961 10.5 10.3 10.3 10.1 10.2 7.6 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.6 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.1 8.7 5.6 5.2 5.1 4.7 4.9 7.2 7.9 8.7 9.0 9.3 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.9 10.4 11.9 1960* 1959 1958 1957. 1956 10.1 10.0 9.9 9.1 8.8 7.4 7.0 6.7 6.2 6.2 2.7 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 .7 .9 1.2 1.1 1.4 .9 .8 1.6 1.2 1.0 .9 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 8.1 7.0 6.5 5.6 6.1 4.9 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.1 8.3 7.1 7.3 5.4 5.6 9.5 9.4 7.9 6.7 8.1 6.9 6.6 4.4 4.5 2.5 2.0 .9 1950 i - - . 1940 i * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 646 1 A s of April. 11.0 10.2 9.5 10.7 11.0 8.5 7.5 7.4 8.7 N 259-272 HOUSING Series N 259-261. Owner-occupied houses, 22 cities (1929 = 100) Year Adjusted for depreciation Unadjusted Median asking price for existing houses, Washington. D.C. Price Indexes for 1-Family Houses: 1890 to 1947 Owner-occupied houses, 22 cities (1929 = 100) Year 259 Unadjusted Adjusted for depreciation 259 260 Owner-occupied houses, 22 cities (1929 = 100) Median asking price for existing houses, Washington, D.C. Year Owner-occupied houses, 22 cities (1929 = 100) Unadjusted Adjusted for depreciation 259 260 261 $12,309 12,638 1932. 1931. 78.7 87.9 82.0 90.4 $6,515 6,796 1917. 1916. 80.1 78.5 68.0 65.8 1945. 1944. 1943. -4942. 1941 _ 10,131 8,649 8,011 7,573 6,954 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926. 95.7 100.0 102.1 100.6 104.5 97.1 100.0 100.7 97.9 100.4 7,146 7,246 7,333 7,682 7,748 1915. 1914. 1913 1912. 1911 71.7 78.1 75.3 75.3 72.5 59.2 63.7 60.5 59.7 56.7 1940. 1939. 1938. 1937 _ 1936. 6,558 6,416 6,420 6,622 6,145 1925. 1924. 1923. 1922 1921. 108.9 103.5 103.3 101.8 100.4 103.1 96.7 95.2 92.5 90.0 7,809 7,720 7,400 7,197 7,019 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 74.2 68.7 70.3 77.9 70.6 57.3 52.3 52.8 37.7 51.6 6,296 5,972 5,759 1920 1919 1918 102.7 93.7 85.2 90.8 81.7 73.3 6,296 5,626 4,821 1905 1904 59.5 67.9 42.9 48.3 77.9 75.7 78.3 80.0 Series N 262-272. Unadjusted 259 1947 _ 1946. 1935. 1934. 1933. Year 1903. 1902. 1901. 64.9 63.9 54.2 45.5 42.4 37.0 1900. 1899 1898. 1897. 1896 64.6 56.5 59.1 55.5 53.8 43.5 37.5 38.7 35.9 34.3 1895 1894 1893 1892 1891 62.1 68.4 58.7 56.3 55.3 39.0 42.4 35.9 34.0 32.9 1890 61.3 36.0 Residential Nonfarm Mortgage Debt Outstanding, by Type of Holder: 1890 to 1970 [In millions of dollars] Debt, excluding real estate bonds Total debt, including real estate bonds Institutional Total Noninstitutional 263 Total Commercial banks 265 266 Mutual savings banks Savings and loan associations Life insurance companies 268 269 Home Owners' Loan Corp. Federal National Mortgage Assn. 1 338,198 318,984 298,587 279,970 263,952 35,733 34,361 32,688 31.119 30,062 302,465 284,623 265,899 248,851 233,890 45,640 44,573 41,433 37,642 34,876 49,936 48,682 46,748 44,641 42,242 138,800 129,658 120,839 112,804 106,028 42,737 42,083 41,784 41,480 40,522 20,708 15,797 11,420 8,912 7,109 4,644 3,830 3,675 3,372 3,113 250,120 231,142 211,229 192,295 175,895 29,445 28,673 27,244 25,898 24,564 220,675 202,469 183,985 166,397 151,331 32,387 28,933 26,476 23,482 21,225 40,096 36,487 32,718 29,181 26,341 102,347 94,236 84,882 74.103 65,447 38,400 35,761 32,674 31,122 29,899 4,769 4,464 4,729 6,032 6,216 2,676 2,588 2,506 2,477 2,203 112,051 161,636 149,522 134,535 122,947 113,880 (NA) 22,493 21.120 19,701 17,757 16,707 (NA) 139,143 128,402 114,834 105,190 97,173 (NA) 20,362 20,320 18,591 17,147 17,004 17,004 24,306 22,486 20,935 19,010 17,703 17,703 57,569 51,187 44,122 38,885 34,761 35,014 28.744 27,249 25,921 24,992 23.745 23,745 6,297 5,581 3,937 4,011 3,085 3,047 1,865 1,579 1,328 1,145 875 (NA) 100,670 87,280 77,117 68,878 69,561 62,506 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 69,121 62,026 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 10,990 10,604 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 58,131 51,422 15,888 14,152 12,925 12,188 12,188 11,270 15,568 13,211 11,334 9.883 9,833 8,595 30,832 25,670 21,523 18,028 17,590 14,801 21,213 18.557 16.558 15,045 15,112 13,865 2,615 2,436 2,463 2,242 2,210 1,818 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 1,198 1,073 54,882 46,456 41,461 35,701 30,139 54,362 45,896 40,861 6 35,071 29,459 10,422 10,461 10,189 9,689 8,809 43,938 35,435 30,672 25,382 20,650 10,431 8,676 8,066 6,933 5,146 7,054 5,569 4,758 3,937 3,588 13.104 11,117 9,841 8,475 6,843 11,035 8,232 6,754 5,005 4,021 10 231 369 486 636 1,328 806 198 4 6 978 804 686 542 410 25,383 24,820 24,956 25,647 25,915 24,643 24,000 24,056 24,667 24,875 7,874 7,348 7,181 7,316 7,462 16,769 16,652 16,875 17,351 17,413 3,395 3,218 3,256 3,335 3,308 3,387 3,476 3,558 3,725 3.884 5,162 4,638 4,422 4,449 4,481 3,632 3,819 3,835 3.625 3,235 852 1,091 1,338 1,567 1,777 7 50 60 206 203 334 360 406 444 525 24,930 23,940 23,326 23,284 23,435 23.810 22,740 22,046 21,924 21,915 7,278 7,156 7,105 7,089 6,967 16,532 15,584 14,941 14,835 14,948 2,997 2,719 2,535 2,415 2,285 3,914 3,875 3,830 3,851 3,897 4,073 3.748 3,523 3,414 3,257 2,887 2,557 2,226 2,163 2,142 1,956 2,038 2,169 2,398 2,763 178 144 80 527 503 578 23,891 24,811 25,464 27,438 29,293 22,211 22.811 23,083 24,918 26,673 6,984 7,377 8,356 9,208 9,940 15,227 15,434 14,727 15,710 16,733 2,225 2,183 2,528 2,561 2,769 3,984 4,109 4,293 4,554 4,568 3,301 3.749 4,473 5,020 5,704 2,200 2,370 2.626 2,854 2,948 2,897 2,379 132 See footnotes at end of table. 647 N 118-137 Series N 262-272. CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING Residential Nonfarm Mortgage Debt Outstanding, by Type of Holder: 1890 to 1970—Con. [In millions of dollars] Debt, excluding real estate bonds Total debt, including real estate bonds Institutional Total Noninstitutional 262 263 264 1930 1929 1928... 1927 1926 30,176 29,440 27,238 24,358 21,500 27,649 27,001 24,958 22,491 19,956 10,629 10,350 9,301 8,379 7,409 17,020 16,651 15,657 14,112 12,547 2,844 2,896 2,805 2,508 2,319 4,388 4,135 4,016 3,700 3,349 6,149 6,182 5,757 5,214 4,570 2,878 2,704 2,406 2,088 1,775 761 734 673 602 534 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 18,393 15,514 13,446 11,441 10,273 17,231 14,794 12,924 11,080 10,017 6,469 5,360 4,940 4,283 4,041 10,762 9,434 7,984 6,797 5,976 1,858 1,621 1,323 1,055 860 3,037 2,756 2,437 2,167 1,945 3,994 3,519 2,917 2,468 2,179 1,408 1,132 946 788 698 465 406 361 319 294 9,354 7,998 7,555 7,210 6,495 9,120 7,809 7,407 7,082 6,387 3,846 3,129 3,031 2,836 2,391 5,274 4,680 4,376 4,246 3,996 800 733 651 621 580 1,782 1,613 1,535 1,554 1,501 1,860 1,552 1,387 1,293 1,175 558 549 578 563 541 274 233 225 215 199 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 6,104 5,800 5,389 4,933 4,690 6,012 5,724 5,329 4,881 4,644 2,222 2,118 1,907 1,659 1,643 3,790 3,606 3,422 3,222 3,001 566 520 493 485 461 1,416 1,362 1,331 1,264 1,184 1,098 1,013 930 847 768 522 531 499 469 439 188 180 169 157 149 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 4,466 4,168 3,948 3,795 3,676 4,426 4,168 3,948 3,795 3,676 1,634 1,598 1,586 1,565 1,584 2,792 2,570 2,362 2,230 2,092 445 408 357 337 328 1,111 1,042 974 925 885 690 628 575 538 487 403 361 334 316 287 143 131 122 114 105 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 3,520 3,341 3,194 3,102 3,011 3,520 3,341 3,194 3,102 3,011 1,600 1,567 1,539 1,543 1,535 1,920 1,774 1,655 1,559 1,476 293 251 221 195 173 822 768 727 694 658 448 423 394 378 367 254 238 223 207 194 103 94 90 85 84 1900 1899 1898 1897 1896 1890 2,917 2,835 2,783 2,746 2,711 2,292 2,917 2,835 2,783 2,746 2,711 2,292 1,493 1,466 1,430 1,411 1,369 1,424 1,369 1,353 1,335 1,342 158 148 144 140 141 632 595 570 550 532 371 376 396 403 429 183 172 169 169 166 80 78 74 73 74 Year 1920 1919 1918. 1917 1916 - As of December 31. 1 - to 4-family structures Total 273 1965. 1964 1963 1962 1961 . ... _ FHA insured VA guaranteed 274 275 Total FHA insured 276 277 Other 265 266 267 268 269 272 Change was made so that components would 37.3 35.7 33.8 32.5 31.3 58.0 52.2 47.3 43.9 40.3 12.0 10.0 9.0 8.3 8.0 212.9 197.6 182.2 166.5 153.1 42.0 38.3 35.0 32.3 29.5 31.1 30.9 30.9 29.9 29.6 37.2 33.6 29.0 25.8 23.0 8.0 7.9 7.5 7.2 6.4 5-or-more unit structures 1 - to 4-family structures Government-underwritten Year Total 273 59.9 54.5 50.6 47.4 44.8 Life insurance companies F H A = Federal Housing Administration; VA — Veterans Administration] 280.2 266.8 251.2 236.1 223.6 648 Savings and loan associations 5-or-more unit structures Government-underwritten 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 Mutual savings banks Residential Nonfarm Mortgage Debt Outstanding, by Type of Property, and GovernmentUnderwritten Debt: 1925 to 1970 [In billions of dollars. Year Commercial banks * Grebler-Blank-Winnick estimates. 6 Estimate shown in source is 35,061. add to total. N A N o t available. 1 Includes debt also held by Government National Mortgage Association. 2 Federal Reserve Board estimates. ' Klaman estimates. Series N 273-277. Total I960... . 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951.. ... FHA insured VA guaranteed 274 275 Total FHA insured 276 277 141.3 130.9 117.7 107.6 99.0 26.7 23.8 19.7 16.5 15.5 29.7 30.0 30.4 30.7 28.4 20.3 18.7 16.8 15.3 14.9 5.9 5.4 5.0 4.4 3.9 88.2 75.7 66.1 58.5 51.7 14.3 12.8 12.0 10.8 9.7 24.6 19.3 16.1 14.6 13.2 14.3 13.5 12.9 12.3 11.5 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.7 HOUSING Series N 273-277. N 273-290 Residential Nonfarm Mortgage Debt Outstanding, by Type of Property, and GovernmentUnderwritten Debt: 1925 to 1970—Con. [In billions of dollars] 5-or-more unit structures 1 - to 4-family structures Government-underwritten Total Year FHA insured VA guaranteed 274 275 273 Total FHA insured 276 277 Year 45.2 37.6 33.3 28.2 23.0 8.6 6.9 5.3 3.8 3.7 10.3 8.1 7.2 5.5 2.4 10.1 8.6 7.5 6.6 6.1 3.2 2.1 1.1 .5 .2 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 18.6 17.9 17.8 18.2 18.4 4.1 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.0 .2 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.9 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 1940 1939 1938 17.4 16.3 15.8 2.3 1.8 1.0 Z (Z) .1 .1 Total FHA insured 276 277 274 1937 1936 15.5 15.4 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 15.4 15.6 15.4 16.7 18.1 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 18.9 18.9 17.9 16.4 14.8 13.0 __ ___ _ 5-or-more unit structures Governmentunderwritten, FHA insured Total 273 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 5.7 5.6 4.4 1 - to 4-family structures 0.6 .2 (Z) 4.5 4.6 (Z) (Z) 4.8 5.1 5.7 6.0 6.2 (Z) 6.5 6.0 5.4 5.0 4.6 4.2 Less than $50 million. Series N 278-284. Mortgage Loans on 1- to 4-Family Houses, by Type of Lender: 1925 to 1950 [In millions of dollars. Excludes Alaska and Hawaii] Mortgage loans on 1 - to 4-family houses Mortgage loans on 1 - to 4-family houses Commercial banks Total Mutual savings banks Savings Home and loan Life Owners' associa- insurance Loan tions companies Corporation .280 Individuals and others 284 283 Commercial banks Total 3,429 2,236 2,636 2,986 2,677 1,400 990 980 658 556 5,237 3,636 3,607 3,811 3,584 1,742 1,093 1,132 906 492 2 2 2 2 4,200 3,112 3,000 2,844 2,700 4,867 4,004 3,362 3,319 3,931 923 726 654 721 847 267 189 160 179 243 1,913 1,454 1,184 1,051 1,379 209 300 272 374 371 4 31 54 40 63 1,551 1,304 1,038 954 1,028 3,510 2,912 2,437 604 470 204 157 177 1,200 986 798 324 274 242 143 151 81 801 740 669 282 1937 1936 2,588 2,302 513 472 196 202 897 755 232 140 27 128 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 2,259 3,170 1,093 1,408 2,232 474 195 233 257 368 118 95 104 254 353 564 451 414 543 892 77 16 10 54 169 583 2,263 132 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 3,189 4,442 4,947 4,857 4,863 4,240 455 538 696 585 819 650 352 468 544 517 475 450 1,262 1,791 1,932 1,895 1,824 1,620 400 525 525 500 465 400 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii] Mortgage recordings of $20,000 or less Commercial banks Mutual savings banks Savings and loan associations Life insurance companies Mortgage recordings of $20,000 or less All others Commercial banks Year Mutual savings banks Savings and loan associations 285 Life insurance companies 289 36,921 36,925 34,187 31,157 6,656 6,354 5,851 4,997 2,182 2,061 1,958 1,741 15,759 16,716 15,144 13,662 1,408 1,339 1,212 1,160 10,916 10,455 10,022 9,597 29,341 32,235 27,388 24,244 27,088 4,520 5,832 5,204 4,264 5,458 1,557 1,780 1,640 1,429 1,824 12,158 13,094 10,516 9,217 9,532 1,318 1,523 1,460 1,472 1,799 9,788 10,006 8,568 7,862 8,475 28,484 22,974 19,747 18,018 5,617 4,239 3,680 3,600 1,857 1,501 1,327 1,137 10,452 8,312 7,365 6,452 1,932 1,768 1,480 1,420 8,626 7,154 5,895 5,409 283 Mortgage Recordings of $20,000 or Less, by Type of Lender: 1939 to 1964 [In millions of dollars. Total Savings Home and loan Life Owners' associa- insurance Loan tions companies Corporation Mutual savings banks 278 16,008 11,069 11,357 11,207 10,011 Series N 285-290. Year 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 16,405 16,179 11,828 11,882 11,729 10,589 3,370 3,365 2,446 2,664 3,004 2,712 ,013 ,064 750 745 596 548 5,295 5,060 3,646 3,629 3,650 3,483 1,615 1,618 1,046 1,016 847 503 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 5,650 4,606 3,861 3,943 4,732 1,097 878 753 886 1,166 217 165 152 166 218 2,017 1,560 1,238 1,171 1,490 250 257 280 362 404 1940 1939 4,031 3,507 1,006 891 170 143 1,284 1,058 334 287 649 N CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING 118-137 Series N 291-300. Major Federal Housing Finance Programs: 1934 to 1970 [In millions of dollars. Includes Alaska and Hawaii for all years] Loans made with Federal Housing Administration insurance Year Property improvement loans, net proceeds 296 297 Mortgage loans Homes Total 292 291 Projects Loans made with Veterans Administration guaranty Total New Existing 293 294 295 1970.. 1969.. 1968.. 1967.. 1966.. 617 693 656 623 641 11,364 8,437 7,619 6,527 6,678 8,114 7,121 6,496 5,885 6,095 2,667 1,551 1,572 1,369 1,729 5,447 5,570 4,924 4,516 4,366 3,250 1,316 1,123 642 583 1965.. 1964.. 1963.. 1962.. 1961- 634 663 804 834 855 8,056 7,468 6,412 6,349 5,691 7,465 6,573 5,569 5,270 4,765 1,705 1,608 1,664 1,849 1,783 5,760 4,965 3,905 3,421 2,982 591 895 843 1,079 926 196019591958 19571956. 982 997 868 869 692 5,311 6,698 5,480 2,846 2,769 4,600 6,069 4,551 2,251 2,638 2,197 2,563 1,666 880 1,133 2,403 3,507 2,885 1,371 1,505 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951- 646 891 1,334 848 707 3,161 2,174 2,548 2,264 2,512 3,085 1,942 2,289 1,942 1,928 1,269 1,035 1,259 969 1,216 1950. 194919481947. 694 594 614 534 321 3,649 3,231 2,725 1,255 435 2,492 2,210 2,116 895 422 ms. 194419431942. 1941. 171 114 86 126 228 494 763 848 994 924 19401939. 1938. 1937_ 1936 _ 216 179 138 54 222 1935. 1934. 201 27 me- - (7) 650 Purchases 2 Sales 8 (gross) 298 299 1 3,442 4.072 3,774 3,405 2,600 5,712 5,119 4,534 1,400 2,081 154 61 21 12 2,652 2,851 3,042 2,650 1,836 757 198 181 547 47 78 780 391 522 711 628 929 595 130 1,984 2,788 1,864 3,758 5,866 980 735 260 1,021 575 42 3 466 1,816 907 1,030 974 713 76 232 259 322 584 7,154 4,256 2,464 2,678 4,252 86 1,637 1,317 1,432 477 120 856 892 684 418 302 1,157 1,021 609 360 13 3.073 1,424 1,877 3,283 2,302 474 707 763 973 911 257 484 553 766 728 217 224 210 208 183 20 56 85 21 14 775 747 533 436 311 762 695 486 424 309 587 486 240 169 95 175 208 246 256 214 13 52 48 10 2 96 94 22 Represents zero. Includes Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Virgin Islands for all years. Beginning 1968, includes purchases and sales of Government National Mortgage Association; see text. 2 Purchases and sales during the year. 1 Federal National Mortgage Association 0) 5 6 • 192 72 » Includes Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Guam for all years. ' Loans outstanding at the end of the year. 6 Includes direct loans sold with a guaranty. 6 Includes 1944 activity. ' Included in 1935 figures. N 301-307 HOUSING Series N 301. Real Estate Foreclosures of Nonfarm Properties: 1926 to 1970 [New series is based on a new, 1967, benchmark and includes Alaska and Hawaii and farm foreclosures; the old series excludes them] Year Number Number Year 301 101,070 95,856 110,404 134,203 OLD SERIES 1968 1967 1966 1965... 301 OLD S E R I E S — C o n . NEW SERIES 1970 1969 1968. 1967. 90,941 110,541 117,473 116,664 Number Year 301 108,620 98,195 86,444 73.074 51,353 1954 1953 1952 1951. 1950 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 _ 44.075 42,367 34,204 30,963 28,529 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 Series N 302-307. _ . 26,211 21,473 18,135 18,141 21,537 1944 1943 1942 . 1941 1940 17,635 13,052 10,559 10,453 12,706 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 . Number 301 OLD S E R I E S — C o n . . Year 301 OLD S E R I E S — C o n . 1964 1963 1962.. 1961 1960 _ _ Number Year OLD S E R I E S — C o n . 17,153 25,281 41,997 58,559 75,556 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 230,350 252,400 248,700 193,800 150,000 100,410 118,357 151,366 185,439 228,713 1929 1928 1927 1926 134,900 116,000 91,000 68,100 .. . Mortgage Status of Nonfarm Owner-Occupied Housing Units: 1890 to 1970 [In thousands, except as indicated] Year 1970 1 1960* 1956 1950 1940. 1930. _ . . . 1920 __ . _ _ 1910.. _ 1900. 1890 Reporting mortgage status ,302 303 , _ . _ . . . . . * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. N A N o t available. Total owneroccupied housing units Not mortgaged Median debt-to-value ratio of mortgaged unite (percent) 306 307 Mortgaged Number Percent 304 305 33,206 27,862 25,637 19,802 11,413 33,206 27,862 25,637 17,796 10,611 20,110 15,816 14,203 7,825 4,805 60.6 56.8 55.4 44.0 45.3 13,096 12,046 11,434 9,971 5,806 10,550 7,041 5,245 3,567 2,924 (NA) 6,868 5,110 3,395 2,924 (NA) 2,736 1,701 1,087 810 (NA) 39.8 33.3 32.0 27.7 (NA) 4,132 3,409 2,308 2,114 1 52.0 53.3 (NA) 42.0 52.4 42.6 39.8 Data as of 1971. 651 Chapter P Manufactures P 1-374. General note. Manufacturing is the mechanical or chemical transformation of inorganic or organic substances into new products. The assembly of component parts of products is also considered to be manufacturing if the resulting product is neither a structure nor other fixed improvement. These activities are usually carried on in plants, factories, or mills, which characteristically use power-driven machines and materialshandling equipment. Manufacturing production is usually carried on for the wholesale market, for transfer to other plants of the same company, or to the order of industrial users rather than for direct sale to the household consumer. However, some manufacturers (e.g., baking, milk bottling, etc.) sell chiefly at retail to household consumers through the mail, house-to-house routes, or salesmen. Some activities of a service nature (enameling, binding, platemaking, etc.) are included in manufacturing when they are performed primarily for the trade; but they are considered nonmanufacturing when they are performed primarily to the order of the household consumer. On the other hand, some manufacturing industries include business firms which do not undertake physical production but perform only the entrepreneurial functions of buying the materials, designing, and marketing the product, and have the actual production done on contract (e.g., apparel jobbers). In addition to the production of goods and manufacturing services, manufacturing plants engage in related and diverse supporting activities. These activities encompass the acquisition of materials to be processed, their movement into the manufacturing facility, their storage at the manufacturing site, the operation and maintenance of plant and equipment, the design of flow of work through the production process, and necessary arrangements for shipment of output to customers. Also included are a host of subsidiary activities associated with the conduct of the establishment as a manufacturing entity; e.g., management and policy formation, product and market orientation, engineering and quality control, record keeping and accounting, physical security of plant and equipment, and the like. Such subsidiary activities may be performed by personnel located at the manufacturing facility or at an auxiliary unit serving one or more manufacturing locations of the same company. Where these activities are carried on at a different physical location or are performed for more than one plant, they are excluded from the figures for operating manufacturing establishments and are included in the data shown for central administrative offices and auxiliaries in the source reports. The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual, published by the Office of Management and Budget, is a classification structure for the entire national economy. It was first issued in 1939. For the manufacturing industries, a revised manual was issued in 1945 which, with minor modifications, was used in the 1947 Census of Manufactures. For the 1954 census, the classification structure used in 1947 was again employed, again with minor modifications. In 1957, the SIC system was extensively revised for manufacturing industries and historical comparability of some data was seriously affected. This revision and its effects on census series are described in the introduction and appendixes to the 1958 Census of Manufactures volumes. A minor revision of the SIC occurred between 1958 and 1963. Another extensive revision of the SIC was issued in 1972. In the manufacturing sector, the SIC Manual built upon the Bureau of the Census manufacturing industry classifications developed over the years. The SIC system was developed for use in classifying establishments by type of activity in which they are engaged in order to facilitate the collection, tabulation, and publication of data relating 652 to establishments and to promote uniformity and comparability in the presentation of statistical data by government agencies, trade associations, research organizations, and others. The SIC system divides all activities into broad industrial divisions (manufacturing, mining, retail trade, agriculture, etc.). It further subdivides each division into major industry groups, then into industry groups, and finally into detailed industries. Except as noted, Alaska and Hawaii are included in census of manufactures data and in annual survey of manufactures data beginning 1958. P 1-12. Manufactures summary, 1849-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Annual Survey of Manufactures, 1970-1971, p. 10. The basic source of comprehensive data on manufactures has been the census of manufactures conducted by the Bureau of the Census. The first census of manufactures covered 1809. A census was taken at 10-year intervals thereafter to 1899 (with the exception of 1829), at 5-year intervals for 1904-1919, and biennially for 1921-1939. The census was suspended during World War II, but was resumed for 1947. Legislation enacted in 1948 provided for a census of manufactures every 5 years, with annual sample surveys authorized for interim years. The 1954 census was the first to be taken as a result of this legislation. Subsequently, the census intervals were revised and censuses were taken in 1958, 1963, and 1967. Annual surveys of manufactures were conducted every year beginning 1949, except during census years. The data from the annual surveys represent estimates derived from a sample of manufacturing establishments canvassed. These estimates may differ from the results that would have been obtained from a complete canvass of all manufacturing establishments. The relative standard errors (measures of the potential differences) associated with these estimates are published in the annual survey volumes. There have been changes in scope from one census of manufactures to another. For "factories and hand and neighborhood industries," data for 1849-1899 are for all establishments with products valued at $500 or more. For "factories, excluding hand and neighborhood industries," data for 1899-1919 are for establishments reporting value of shipments of $500 or more; for 1921-1939, for establishments reporting value of shipments of $5,000 or more, while data beginning 1947 are for establishments employing one or more persons at any time during the census year. These changes in the minimum size limit have not appreciably affected the historical comparability of the census figures except for data on number of establishments. There have also been a number of changes in the definition of manufacturing industries. Among the more important were changes in the treatment of "railroad repair shops" and "manufactured gas." These industries are included in the figures for 1899-1933, but excluded for 1935-1970. When the change results in the omission of an entire industry for which separate tabulations are available during each census, the adjustments are usually carried back through the previous censuses. Beginning 1954, the figures cover the logging camps and contractors industry, which was not included within the scope of the 1947 census; and establishments engaged in the processing and distribution of fluid milk, which were not included in the figures for earlier census years. Beginning 1958, the figures cover establishments classified in the ready-mixed concrete industry, and establishments classified in the miscellaneous machinery industry that were engaged exclusively or almost exclusively in machine shop repair work. Data for MANUFACTURES SUMMARY such establishments are excluded for 1939 to 1957 but included for 1929 and earlier years. For a discussion of changes between 1929 and 1958, see U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census Working Paper, No. 9, 1959, by Harold T. Goldstein. There have been no major changes since 1958. P 1-2, number of establishments. The reporting units in each census have been establishments rather than legal entities or companies. Conceptually, an establishment is a geographically isolated manufacturing unit maintaining independent bookkeeping records, regardless of its managerial or financial affiliations. An establishment may be a single plant, a group of closely located plants operated as a unit, or a group of closely located plants operated by a single company without separate records for each. The establishment is also the basic unit of industrial classification, being assigned to an industry on the basis of its reported product of chief total value. Establishments owned and operated by the Federal Government are excluded from census coverage. P 3-5, persons engaged in manufacturing. The figures for 19391970 exclude personnel reported by manufacturing establishments as in distribution and in construction work (the 1939 and subsequent censuses required separate reporting for such employees). Therefore, the employee figures for earlier years probably are not strictly comparable with those for 1939-1970. It is not known how many of the wage earners and the salaried employees reported in previous censuses were engaged in distribution and construction, and how many were engaged in manufacturing. The figures for nonproduction employees are derived by subtracting the figures for production workers from those for all employees shown in the source. For nonproduction employees, series P 4, the figures for 1939 and earlier years refer to one payroll period, usually in October; for 1947, to an average of 12 monthly figures; for 1949 to 1954, to an average for the payroll period ended nearest the 12th of March, May, August, and November; and for 1955 to 1970, to the payroll period ended nearest the 12th of March. For production workers, series P 5, the figures for 1947 and earlier years represent the average of 12 monthly figures; for 1949 to 1970, they are based on employment for the payroll period ended nearest the 12th of March, May, August, and November. Employees comprise all full-time and part-time employees on the payrolls of operating establishments who worked or received pay for any part of the pay period specified on the report form. Officers of corporations are included as employees; proprietors and partners of unincorporated firms are, however, excluded from the total. In recent censuses, employment at separate administrative offices and auxiliary units is excluded from this category. There has not been a consistent treatment of employees in central administrative offices. The latter are defined as offices which operate one or more manufacturing plants located in a city or cities other than that in which the administrative office is located. For the censuses of 19091923, data on employees in such offices were collected on a separate "administrative schedule" and were tabulated and included with those for salaried employees (and, therefore, with all employees) of the manufacturing plants. Thereafter, these data were collected and tabulated for the censuses of 1925, 1929, and 1937. Beginning 1954, separate data on employment in administrative offices and auxiliary establishments were compiled in census years and are shown in census of manufactures publications. The figures for nonproduction employees for 1925 and 1929 include employees in central administrative offices. T o make the 1937 figure for nonproduction employees more comparable to the figures for 1929 and earlier years (except 1927), 130,854 employees in central administrative offices should be added to the 1937 figure (1937 Census of Manufactures, p. 1652), and to make the 1954 figure more comparable to the figures for 1929 and earlier years (except 1927), 474,256 employees in administrative and auxiliary units should be added to the 1954 figure (U.S. Census of Manufactures: 1951,, vol. II, part 1, p. 2). Collection of data on proprietors and partners was discontinued after the 1963 census. P 1-10 Production workers are defined as workers (up through the working foreman level) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering), maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchman services, product development, auxiliary production for plants' own use (e.g., power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with these production operations at the establishment covered by the report. Supervisory employees above the working foreman level are excluded from this category. Decennial estimates of wage earners (production and related workers) excluding hand and neighborhood industries have been prepared for 1869-1899 by John W. Kendrick and Maude Pech for the National Bureau of Economic Research. The following is the estimated number of wage earners for each of these years: 1869, 1,803,000; 1879 , 2,454,000; 1889, 3,562,000; 1899, 4,496,000. This estimate for 1899 differs from the official Census Bureau estimate (series P 5) by only one-tenth of one percent. For details of estimating procedure, see John W. Kendrick, Productivity Trends in the United States, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1961, appendix D. P 6, man-hours, production workers. This series covers all plant man-hours of production and related workers. It represents all manhours worked or paid for except hours paid for vacations, holidays, or sick leave and includes actual overtime hours. Where employees elected to work during vacation periods, only the actual hours they worked were reported. The man-hour figures issued by the Census Bureau differ from those published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics which cover all hours paid for, whether or not worked. P 7-9, payroll. These figures include gross earnings paid in the calendar year to all employees on the payroll of operating manufacturing establishments. They include all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, all bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in kind, prior to such deductions as employees' Social Security contributions, withholding taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. Salaries of officers of these establishments are included for corporations; payments to proprietors and partners are excluded for unincorporated concerns. Also excluded are payments to members of Armed Forces and pensioners carried on the active payrolls of manufacturing establishments. Employers' Social Security contributions or other nonlabor costs such as pension plans, group insurance, and workmen's compensation are also excluded. P 10, value added by manufacture. The standard formula for calculating value added by manufacture since 1958 differs from the one used for 1954 and earlier years. Prior to 1958, the value added of an establishment was calculated by subtracting the cost of materials, supplies, containers, fuels, purchased electric energy, and contract work from the value of shipments for products manufactured plus miscellaneous receipts for services rendered. This is known as unadjusted value added. Beginning 1958, the measure of value added has been adjusted for each establishment in two respects. Value added now includes: (1) Value added by merchandising, i.e., the difference between the sales value and cost of merchandise sold without further manufacture, processing or assembly; and (2) an adjustment for the net change in finished goods and work-in-process inventories between the beginning and end of the year. The resulting figure is the adjusted value added. This procedure avoids the duplication in the "value of shipments" figures which results from the use of products of some establishments as materials by others. The "value added by manufacture" concept should not be confused with "national income originating in manufacturing," as presented in the national income estimates (see chapter F). The latter is obtained by subtracting from the value of shipments not only the cost of materials, but also such other costs as depreciation charges, State and local taxes (other than corporate income taxes), allowance for bad debts, and purchases of services from nonmanufacturing enterprises such as services of engineering and management consultants, advertising, telephone and 653 MANUFACTURES P 11-39 telegraph expense, insurance, royalties, patent fees, etc. It is, therefore, a more "net" concept of value added than that used in the census of manufactures. Value added by manufacture in 1967, for example, exceeded national income originating in manufacturing, as estimated by the U.S. Office of Business Economics, by 34 percent. Robert E. Gallman prepared estimates of value added for the census years 1839 to 1879 by adjusting manufacturing totals to exclude nonmanufacturing industries and by correcting for industries omitted from or poorly covered by the various censuses. These estimates are extrapolations based on data prepared by Richard A. Easterlin and published in "Estimates of Manufacturing Activity," Population Redistribution and Economic Growth, United States, 1870-1950, vol. I, by Everett S. Lee, Ann Ratner, Carol P. Brainerd, and Richard A. Easterlin, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1957, pp. 635-681. The following are Gallman's estimates: 1955-62 and for years 1964 through 1970, annual levels were adjusted to the detailed results of a new annual production index program for all 4-digit manufacturing industries based largely on deflated data from the Census Bureau's Annual Survey of Manufactures. Revised production levels for 1940 through 1946 are based on a combination of several types of independent annual data adjusted to the CensusFederal Reserve benchmark indexes from 1939 to 1947. The year 1967 was selected for use as the weight base for the most recent period, beginning 1967. The year 1963 is used for the 1963-66 period, 1958 for the 1958-62 period, and 1954 for the 1954-57 period. The year 1947 continues to be used as the weight base for the 1947-52 period and 1939 weights have been introduced for the 1939-46 period. For a more detailed description of the revised production series, see the source report of the Federal Reserve Bulletin for July 1971. P 14. Table I. Value Added by Manufacture [In millions of dollars] Year 1899. 1889. 1879. 1869. 1859. 1849 1839 Current prices 5,044 3,727 1,962 1,631 815 447 240 Prices of 1879 6,252 4,156 1,962 1,078 859 488 190 Source: Robert E. Gallman, "Commodity Output in the United States, 1839-1899," Studies in Income and Wealth, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1961, vol. 24, table A 13. NBER index of manufacturing production, 1929-1966. Source: John W. Kendrick, Postwar Productivity Trends in the United States, 19^8-1969, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1973, table A 32 (copyright). The manufacturing output index is based on the Census-Federal Reserve Board (FRB) benchmark production indexes for 1947, 1954, 1958, and 1963, interpolated and extrapolated to 1966 by the F R B indexes of manufacturing production. See also John W. Kendrick, Productivity Trends in the United States, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1961. P 15-16. NBER index of manufacturing production, 1899-1919. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, unpublished data. P 11, capital expenditures, new. Manufacturers were asked to report expenditures made during the year for permanent additions and major alterations to their plants, as well as for new machinery and equipment purchases that were chargeable to fixed-asset accounts of manufacturing establishments and were of a type for which depreciation accounts are ordinarily maintained. Excluded are costs of maintenance and repairs charged as current operating expense, new facilities and equipment leased from other companies, new facilities owned by the Federal Government but operated under contract by private companies, and plant and equipment furnished to manufacturers by communities and organizations. Beginning 1951, the figures include expenditures for plants under construction and not yet in operation. (In the series by major groups, P 58-67, however, such expenditures are included beginning only in 1958.) P 12, end-of-year inventories. Respondents were asked to report their inventories at approximate current costs if feasible; otherwise at book values. See also text for series P 74-92. P 13. FRB index of manufacturing production, 1919-1970. Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Industrial Production, 1971 Edition, S-45. In the 1971 revision of the FRB industrial production index detailed adjustments were made to independently compiled Census-Federal Reserve benchmark and annual production levels for this series. All of the revisions have been carried back in detail to 1954 and in more limited fashion to 1939. The index comparison base has been updated to the single year 1967. Conversion to the new base has been carried back to the beginning of the index in 1919. In this revision the manufacturing series was adjusted in detail to changes in the comprehensive Census-Federal Reserve production benchmarks for the years 1954 to 1958 and 1958 to 1963; the index had previously been adjusted to such benchmark changes for manufacturing from 1939 to 1947 and from 1947 to 1954. Where adequate product data were not available for the intervening years 654 These data were prepared by extending and shifting the production indexes originally prepared from census of manufactures data by Solomon Fabricant, National Bureau of Economic Research. The original data were first presented in Solomon Fabricant, The Output of Manufacturing Industries, 1899-1937, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1940. These indexes cover only those years for which a census of manufactures was taken. Because of the inadequacy of data for most groups, no attempt was made to interpolate between intercensal years. For details of method of construction, see Fabricant's book, chapter 2 and appendix A. P 17. Frickey index of manufacturing production, 1860-1914. Source: Edwin Frickey, Production in the United States, 1860-19H, Harvard Economic Studies, Harvard University Press, 1947, p. 54. In the derivation of these indexes, Frickey employed the weighted arithmetic mean of quantity relatives. With respect to weighting, he took the value-added principle as his standard and conformed to this standard as nearly as possible with existing data. For details on constituent series, see the source, appendixes A and B. Making use of the figures for series P 13-17 and other data, John W. Kendrick has constructed an index of manufacturing, with 1929 as the base, for benchmark years 1869, 1879, and 1889, and annually thereafter through 1953. See appendix table D-II for figures and appendix D for description of this index in Kendrick's Productivity Trends in the United States, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1961. P 18-39. Indexes of manufacturing production (FRB), by industry group, 1947-1970. Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Bulletin, July 1971 and later issues, and unpublished data. See text for series P 13. text for series P 58-67. For description of industry groups, see INDEXES AND SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS P 40-57. Indexes of manufacturing production, by industry group, 1899-1954. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, unpublished data. See text for series P 15 and 16. For a listing of changes in industry classifications as of 1947, see Census of Manufactures, 19^7, Indexes of Production, footnote to table 1, p. 1. For an annual index of durable and nondurable production (1899 =100) for 1860-1914, see text for series P 17. P 58-67. General statistics for manufacturing industries, by major groups, 1899-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. For all series except P 67, earliest year shown to 1967, Census of Manufactures, 1967, vol. II, parts 1, 2, and 3, table 1 for each major group; 1968-1970, Annual Survey of Manufactures, 1971. Series P 67, earliest year shown to 1929, Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1939, vol. II, Manufactures, 1929; 1939, Census of Manufactures: 195k, vol. II, parts 1 and 2; 1954. and 1962, Census of Manufactures: 1963, vol. I, pp. 6-10. See general note for series P 1-374 and text for series P 1-12. Food and kindred products. This group includes establishments manufacturing foods and beverages for human consumption and certain related products, such as manufactured ice, chewing gum, vegetable and animal fats and oils, and prepared feeds for animals and fowls. Also included are establishments primarily engaged in processing and distributing fluid milk and cream and those primarily engaged in extracting animal and vegetable oils. Figures are not shown prior to 1921 because they are not sufficiently comparable with those for later years owing to numerous changes in classification. Tobacco manufactures. This group includes establishments manufacturing cigarettes, cigars, smoking and chewing tobacco, and snuff, and stemming and redrying tobacco. Textile miU products. This group includes establishments: (1) Manufacturing yarn, thread, cordage, and twine; (2) manufacturing woven fabric, carpets and rugs, braids, laces, knit fabric, knit garments, and other products from yarn; (3) dyeing and finishing fibers, yarn, and fabrics; and (4) coating, waterproofing, and otherwise treating fabric. Also included are establishments weaving or knitting fabrics and also manufacturing finished apparel or other fabricated textile products in the same establishment. Apparel and other textile products. This group includes establishments producing clothing and fabricated products by cutting and sewing purchased woven or knit textile fabrics and related materials such as leather, rubberized fabrics, plastics and furs. Excluded from this group are knitting mills primarily engaged in manufacturing apparel from yarns knitted in the same establishment and weaving mills that further process the fabric at the same establishment into such end products as sheets, towels, and pillowcases, both of which are classified in textile mill products. Custom tailors and dressmakers, who manufacture and sell apparel in the same retail establishment, are classified as nonmanufacturing. Three types of establishments are included in this group: (1) The regular factories or "manufacturers," (2) the apparel "jobbers," and (3) the contract factories or "contractors." The manufacturers purchase fabric, employ production workers in their own plants to cut and sew the materials into apparel, and sell the final product. The jobbers primarily perform entrepreneurial functions such as buying raw materials, designing and preparing samples, arranging for the manufacture of the garments from their materials, and selling of the finished apparel. The actual processing (cutting, sewing, etc.) is performed on contract by the apparel contractors, although many jobbers perform the cutting operation in their own establishments. Apparel jobbers are included in manufacturing. However, jobbers of miscellaneous fabricated textile products, such as curtains, draperies, etc., are classified in wholesale trade. Lumber and wood products. This group includes logging camps cutting timber and pulpwood, merchant sawmills, lath mills, shingle mills, cooperage-stock mills, planing mills, and plywood mills and P 40-67 veneer mills producing lumber and wood basic materials; and establishments manufacturing finished articles made entirely or mainly of wood or wood substitutes. See also furniture and fixtures and miscellaneous manufacturing. Woodworking in connection with construction, in the nature of reconditioning and repair, or performed to individual order, is classified in nonmanufacturing. Furniture and fixtures. This group includes establishments manufacturing household, office, public building, and restaurant furniture; and office and store fixtures. Establishments primarily engaged in woodworking to individual order or in reconditioning and repair are classified in nonmanufacturing. Paper and allied products. This group includes the manufacture of pulps primarily from wood, and from rags and other cellulose fibers; the conversion of these pulps into paper or board; and the manufacture of paper and paperboard into converted products such as coated paper, paper bags, paperboard boxes, and envelopes. Certain types of converted paper products—such as abrasive paper, carbon paper, and photo-sensitized and blueprint paper—are classified in other groups. Printing and publishing. This group includes establishments engaged in printing, such as letterpress, lithography, gravure, or screen; establishments which perform printing services such as bookbinding, typesetting, engraving, photoengraving, and electrotyping and establishments publishing newspapers, books, and periodicals, regardless of whether or not they do their own printing. News syndicates are classified in service industries, and textile printing and finishing in textile mill products. Prior to 1935, data reported by religious, social, charitable, educational, and other nonprofit organizations are not included; thereafter, data are included only for such nonprofit organizations whose employees are covered by the Social Security system. Chemicals and allied products. This group includes establishments producing basic chemicals, and establishments manufacturing products by predominantly chemical processes. Establishments classified in this group manufacture three general classes of products: (1) Basic chemicals such as acids, alkalies, salts, and organic chemicals; (2) chemical products to be used in further manufacture such as synthetic fibers, plastics materials, dry colors, and pigments; and (3) finished chemical products to be used for ultimate consumption, such as drugs, cosmetics, and soaps, or to be used as materials or supplies in other industries, such as paints, fertilizers, and explosives. Establishments primarily packaging, repacking, and bottling purchased chemicals and allied products are classified in trade industries. Petroleum and coal products. This group includes establishments primarily engaged in petroleum refining, manufacturing paving and roofing materials, and compounding lubricating oils and greases from purchased materials. Establishments manufacturing and distributing gas to consumers are classified in public utilities industries, and those primarily engaged in producing coke and byproducts in primary metal industries. Establishments primarily engaged in producing crude petroleum, natural gas, natural gasoline, and cycle condensation are classified in mining industries. Rubber and plastics products, not elsewhere classified. This group includes establishments manufacturing from natural, synthetic, or reclaimed rubber, gutta percha, balata, or gutta siak, rubber products such as tires, rubber footwear, mechanical rubber goods; heels and soles, flooring, and rubber sundries. It also includes establishments manufacturing or rebuilding retreaded tires, but automobile tire repair shops engaged in recapping and retreading automobile tires are classified in services. This group also includes establishments molding primary plastics for the trade and manufacturing miscellaneous finished plastics products. Elastic webbing, products made of elastic webbing and garments made from rubberized fabrics, synthetic rubber, and plastics materials in the form of sheets, rods, tubes, granules, powders, and liquids are classified elsewhere. Leather and leather products. This group includes establishments tanning, currying, and finishing hides and skins; establishments manufacturing finished leather and artificial leather products and some 655 P 58-67 MANUFACTURES similar products made of other materials; and leather converters. Stone, clay, and glass products. This group includes establishments manufacturing flat glass and other glass products, cement, structural clay products, pottery, concrete, and gypsum products, cut-stone products, abrasive and asbestos products, etc., from materials taken principally from the earth in the form of stone, clay, and sand. When separate reports are available for mines and quarries operated by these establishments, the mining activities are classified in mining industries; otherwise, the mining activities are classified here. Primary metal industries. This group includes establishments smelting and refining ferrous and nonferrous metals from ore, pig, or scrap; rolling,drawing, and alloying of ferrous and nonferrous metals; manufacturing castings, forgings, and other basic products of ferrous and nonferrous metals; and manufacturing nails, spikes, and insulated wire and cable. It also includes the production of coke. Figures are not shown prior to 1937 because of large elements of noncomparability in the earlier statistics of a number of the industries included. Fabricated metal products. This group includes establishments primarily manufacturing a wide variety of fabricated metal products. Other important segments of the metal fabricating industries are classified in machinery, transportation equipment, instruments and related products, furniture and fixtures, and miscellaneous manufacturing industries. The industries included here encompass a varied group of finished products (cutlery, hardware, oil burners, plumbing fixtures, metal doors, safes, etc.), materials or components for incorporation into other products (sheet metal work, steel springs, bolts and nuts, etc.), containers (metal cans, metal shipping barrels and drums, and collapsible tubes), and service operations performed on a job or order basis for the trade (for example, galvanizing, coating, and engraving). Figures are not shown prior to 1937 because they are not sufficiently comparable with those for later years principally owing to the inclusion in earlier years of establishments primarily manufacturing valves and fittings, except plumbers', and the exclusion of establishments primarily manufacturing stamped, pressed, and spun aluminum ware. Machinery, except electrical. This group includes establishments primarily producing a wide variety of machinery and equipment items. The industries included encompass the whole range of industrial machinery, other than electrical. To a considerable extent, the products fall into the producers' heavy equipment category, are frequently of a complex character, and are produced both to individual order and as standard items. Industries in some of the subgroups are defined in terms of end products, and the parts, attachments, and accessories for these items are included in the industry of the end product unless specifically classified elsewhere in the Standard Industrial Classification. The volume of shipments of machinery parts and accessories in some industries constitutes a significant portion of total shipments. These parts producers are generally smaller establishments but there are a large number of them. The machine shops subgroup includes plants producing a broad variety of miscellaneous parts made by job machine shops. Plants primarily rebuilding machinery or equipment on a factory basis were formerly included in this group. However, such rebuilding activities are now classified according to the original industry classification of the product being rebuilt. Plants primarily rebuilding automotive parts are included in the transportation equipment group. Plants primarily rebuilding machine tools, metalworking machinery, and office and store machines are included in the industry of the plants producing the original equipment. Figures are not shown prior to 1937 because they are not sufficiently comparable with those for later years, owing principally to their inclusion of establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of aircraft engines and in machine shop repairs. Electrical equipment and supplies. This group covers establishments primarily manufacturing machinery, apparatus and supplies for the generation, storage, transmission, transformation, and utilization of electrical energy. Products included consist of equipment and ap656 paratus for industrial or commercial use as well as goods for household consumption—for example, electric lamps, lighting fixtures, wiring devices and supplies, ranges, ovens, water heaters, fans and small electric appliances, household refrigerators and freezers, household laundry equipment, sewing machines, and vacuum cleaners. A number of products which are sometimes considered "as belonging" in electrical equipment are classified in other groups in the 1957 edition of the SIC Manual in use for 1963. For example, machinery or equipment powered by built-in or detachable electric motors, such as machine tools and other metalworking equipment, commercial laundry and dry cleaning equipment, industrial vacuum cleaners, and office and store machines are classified as machinery, except electrical. Establishments primarily producing glass insulators, glass blanks for bulbs, and porcelain electrical supplies are classified in the stone, clay, glass, and concrete products group. Industries included here are typically defined in terms of products and may include both electrical and electronic equipment. Electronic components are frequently produced and consumed at the same location by establishments classified in this group. Thus, there are (1) plants solely engaged in producing electronic components, (2) plants producing electronic components and assembling them into finished products, and (3) plants which assemble components produced elsewhere either in other plants of the same company or by other companies. Other types of components and equipment such as motors, generators, and motor-generator sets are not uncommonly produced for incorporation into other products made in the same plant. Transportation equipment. This group covers establishments primarily manufacturing equipment for transportation of passengers and cargo by land, air, and water. Important products include motor vehicles, aircraft, ships, boats, railroad equipment, and miscellaneous transportation equipment such as motorcycles, bicycles, etc. It also includes, since 1967, guided missile components, not elsewhere classified; and receipts from research and development on aircraft parts, guided missile components, not elsewhere classified, and airplane and missile engines. Certain products sometimes associated with or considered a part of transportation equipment are classified in other groups in the SIC. For example, wheeltype tractors, tracklaying tractors, mining cars, and industrial trucks, tractors, trailers, and stackers are classified as machinery, except.electrical; and ignition systems and storage batteries as electrical equipment and supplies. Railroad shops are not classified as manufacturing by the SIC and, therefore, such activities are not included in employment and other establishment totals for this group. Figures are not shown prior to 1937 because they are not sufficiently comparable with later years owing to their exclusion of establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of aircraft engines and of a number of large establishments classified prior to 1937 in other industry groups. Instruments and related products. This group covers establishments primarily manufacturing mechanical measuring, engineering, laboratory, and scientific research instruments; optical instruments and lenses; surgical, medical, and dental instruments, equipment, and supplies; ophthalmic goods; photographic equipment and supplies; and watches and clocks. Establishments primarily manufacturing instruments for indicating, measuring, and recording electrical quantities and characteristics are classified in electrical equipment and supplies. During 1958 to 1963, reports received from some large establishments indicated a change from the manufacture primarily of such individual instruments as those used for indicating air speed, rate-of-climb, angleof-yaw and similar flight characteristics, and gyroscopes which are sold separately, to the manufacture primarily of complete instrumentation systems for navigation, guidance, check-out etc. The major impact of this change has been on the classification of products and, consequently, the SIC coding of these large establishments. As a result, the annual data for 1958-1962 were revised. Because of the shift in recent years from instruments classified in this group to complete systems classified in the electrical equipment and supplies group, the year-to-year changes are of dubious validity for the industries POWER EQUIPMENT AND SHIPMENTS considered separately. The two industries taken in combination however, wojild yield significant measures of activity in the general area. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. This group covers establishments primarily manufacturing products not classified in any other group. Industries in this group fall into the following categories: Jewelry, and silverware and plated ware; musical instruments; toys, and sporting and athletic goods; pens, pencils, and other office and artists' materials; buttons, costume novelties, and miscellaneous notions; brooms and brushes; morticians' goods; and other miscellaneous manufacturing industries. For 1953 and earlier years, data for ordnance and accessories are included with this group. For 1954 and subsequent years data for the ordnance and accessories group are published separately in the source volumes. Figures are not shown prior to 1947 because they are not sufficiently comparable with those for later years owing to their exclusion of establishments primarily manufacturing rubber dolls, carousels and other amusement park rides, electric vibrators, exercisers and reducers, blasting and detonating caps, safety fuses, and pressed and molded pulp goods; and inclusion of establishments primarily manufacturing cellophane bags, aluminum tags, and hair clippers for human use. P 68-73. Horsepower of power equipment in manufacturing industries, 1869-1962. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufactures, 1963, vol. I, p. 6-9. The first census of power equipment available in manufacturing establishments was made by the Bureau of the Census in 1870 covering the year 1869. Because certain industries included in earlier censuses were not covered by the 1939 census, the power equipment statistics from 1899 through 1929 were adjusted in 1939 to provide a comparable series for the 70-year period. The comparability of the 1954 and 1962 statistics with those for 1939 is affected by (a) the exclusion from the 1954 and 1962 inquiry of fractional horsepower motors included in the 1939 totals, and (b) the omission of data for selected industry groups in 1954 included in the 1939 and 1962 totals. The aggregate horsepower figure, series P 68, represents the unduplicated rating for total installed equipment and thus provides a measure of the mechanical power available in manufacturing establishments. The figure is derived by summing the horsepower rating of prime movers, series P 69, and that for electric motors driven by purchased electricity, series P 71. To secure the latter figure the total horsepower for electric motors was distributed, by establishment, into two categories: Motors driven by purchased electricity and motors driven by energy generated at the establishment. For the relatively small number of establishments which both generate and purchase electricity, the total horsepower for electric motors was prorated on the basis of the ratio of the net quantity purchased to the net total for electricity consumed. The horsepower ratings for prime movers include information for such types of power equipment as internal combustion engines, steam and hydraulic turbines, and reciprocating steam engines. The totals for prime movers are further separated between those driving electric generators and those used for other purposes. The statistics for prime movers not driving generators exclude data for automobiles, trucks, and other highway equipment. Respondents were requested to report horsepower of standby equipment as well as equipment in operation at the end of the year, including all prime movers and motors in mobile (except automobiles, trucks, and other highway equipment) as well as in stationary equipment. Information for fractional horsepower motors, however, was not reported for either 1954 or 1962. Data on aggregate horsepower per 100 (factory) production workers, series P 73, are comparable for all years, except for 1954 and for years prior to 1899. The figures for 1954 exclude data for all establishments in the printing trade services industry, and those in the apparel and other fabricated textile products industry except for miscellaneous ap- P 68-92 parel. The number of wage earners as published in the census reports prior to 1899 includes those in factory as well as in hand trades and neighborhood industries (carpentry, millinery, painting, etc.) and custom grist milling, custom saw milling, and cotton ginning. Changes in the minimum size limit set for establishments included in the several censuses, or the number of manufacturing establishments requested to report power equipment data are believed to have an insignificant effect on the totals. P 74-92. Value of manufacturers' shipments, inventories, and orders, 1947-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Manufacturers' Shipments, Inventories, and Orders: 191,7-1963 Revised, 1961-1968, and 1966-1972 Revised, series M 3-1. Shipments, as used here, represents manufacturers' receipts, billings, or the value of products shipped, less discounts, returns, and allowances, and exclude freight charges and excise taxes. Shipments for export as well as for domestic use are included. Shipments by foreign subsidiaries are excluded, but shipments to a foreign subsidiary by a domestic firm are included. The shipments figures from the Annual Survey of Manufactures to which this series is benchmarked include interplant transfers as well as commercial sales. Inventory data are book values of stocks on hand at the end of the period, and include materials and supplies, goods in process, and finished goods. Inventories associated with nonmanufacturing activities are excluded from the benchmark. In general, inventories are as valued by the manufacturer. New orders are net of cancellations received during the period. Unfilled orders at the end of a reporting period are orders that have not passed through the sales account and are equal to unfilled orders at the beginning of the period plus net new orders received during the period less net sales. The manufacturers' shipments, inventories, and orders survey provides monthly figures that are comparable to the annual totals published each year in the annual survey of manufactures. The sample panel is defined as a probability sample drawn as a subsample of the companies with 100 or more employees in the annual survey of manufactures. The monthly reporting panel consists of approximately 5,000 reporting units and includes virtually all companies with 1,000 or more employees and a sample of the smaller ones. P 77-86, inventories. Respondents are asked to report inventories of individual establishments at approximate current cost if feasible; otherwise, "at book values." Since different methods of inventory valuation are used, the definition of the aggregate inventories for establishments in an industry is not precise. The figures on the change in inventories from one period to the next are of greater significance than the actual aggregates. Inventories are reported by stage of fabrication: (a) Finished goods; (b) work in process; and (c) materials, supplies, fuel, and other inventories. In using inventories by stage of fabrication at the all manufacturing level, as well as for the durable and nondurable goods sectors, it should be noted that a finished product of one industry may be a raw material for another industry at the next stage of fabrication. P 87-92, new orders and unfilled orders. Orders are net of cancellations. They include orders received during the period and also filled during the period as well as orders received for future delivery. They also include the net sales value of contract change documents which increase or decrease the sales value of the unfilled orders to which they relate. Orders include only those supported by binding legal documents such as signed contracts, letters of award, or letters of intent. In case of letters of intent, the full amount of the sales value is included if the parties are in substantial agreement on the amount; otherwise, only the funds specifically authorized to be expended are included. Unfilled orders include orders as defined above that have not yet passed through the sales account. Generally, unfilled orders at the end 657 P 93-118 MANUFACTURES of the reporting period are equal to unfilled orders at the beginning of the period plus net new orders received less net sales. While both new orders and unfilled orders are used in reviewing individual company reports for consistency, only unfilled orders are estimated directly in the tabulated totals. New orders are derived from the shipments plus net change in unfilled orders for each industry category. P 93-106. Manufacturing corporations—sales, profits, and stockholders' equity, 1947-1970. Source: U.S. Council of Economic Advisers, Economic Report of the President, January 1972, table B-74. Data are from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The annual figures presented here appear originally in the Federal Trade Commission's Quarterly Financial Report for Manufacturing Corporations for the fourth quarter of the year. These data are based on uniform, confidential financial statements collected from a probability sample of all enterprises which are required to file Form 1120, U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return, and are classified as manufacturers. Included are domestic corporations organized within the United States, resident foreign corporations incorporated abroad but engaged in trade or business in the United States, associations and joint-stock companies which are taxed as corporations, and small business corporations electing to be taxed through their shareholders. Excluded are inactive corporations with no income or deductions, tax-exempt farmers' cooperatives, tax-exempt nonprofit organizations, and corporations not classified in their tax returns as manufacturers. The first sample was drawn from Form 1120 for the taxable year 1943. A second sample was drawn for the taxable year 1949. The third sample was drawn for the taxable year 1954 and each taxable year thereafter. Each sample has been supplemented by a quarterly sample of applications for a Federal Social Security Employer's Identification Number filed with the the Social Security Administration. The first sample was used to provide estimates for each of the quarters in calendar years 1947 to 1951, inclusive; the second sample, from third quarter 1951 to second quarter 1956, inclusive; the third sample, from second quarter 1956 to 1970. To splice the estimates based upon the first and second samples, an overlap was provided for third and fourth quarters 1951; the second and third samples, an overlap was provided for second quarter 1956. Within the third sample, an overlap was provided for each quarter in calendar year 1958 to splice the estimates based upon the 1945 and 1957 editions of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC). The classification of a corporation has been determined, in general, on the basis of the consolidated operations of the reporting company (as opposed to the establishment). In the reports for 1947 through 1958, classification was based on the 1945 edition of the SIC manual. Beginning 1959, estimates were based on the classification of corporations within the framework of the 1957 edition. In 1963, the Enterprise Standard Industrial Classification (ESIC) was used in the classification of companies. The structure of the 1968 revision of the ESIC follows closely that of the 1967 edition of the SIC. For further description concerning compilation of these series, see Federal Trade Commission, Quarterly Financial Report for Manufacturing Corporations. Specific information concerning significant changes and revisions is contained in the following issues of the Report'. Third quarter 1953, third quarter 1956, first quarter 1959, and first quarter 1965. P 107-112. Purchases of structures and equipment, in manufacturing industries, 1863-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Fixed Nonresidential Business Capital in the United States, 1925-1978, National Technical 658 Information Service, Springfield, Va., January 1974, pp. 425-427 and 437-439; and unpublished data. Private purchases of structures and equipment for manufacturing establishments were derived from the estimates of gross private domestic investment in new industrial buildings and producers' durable equipment that are included in the gross national product estimates of the Department of Commerce. The outlays on structures and equipment were adjusted to benchmarks based on expenditures for new plant and equipment in the census of manufactures for 1939, 1947, 1954, 1958, 1963, and 1967, and the annual survey of manufactures for other years beginning with 1950 and ending with 1966. The census controls were extended through 1970 by data from plant and equipment expenditure surveys conducted jointly by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (formerly Office of Business Economics) and the Securities and Exchange Commission. The purchases of structures and of equipment were converted to constant (1958) cost by the indexes used to deflate the corresponding individual series in the gross national product. For a more detailed discussion and for tabulations derived from these and related series, see source. P 113-118. Depreciation (straight-line) on manufacturing structures and equipment, 1925-1970. Source: See source for series P 107-112, pp. 7-9 and 50. Information on the service lives of capital assets is deficient. Not enough is known either about the average service lives of the producers' durable equipment and structures that make up the stock of fixed capital, or about how the service lives of individual items depart from average. Differences in the basic physical characteristics of capital assets, variations among the practices of their owners with respect to use and retirement, technological changes and changes in demand, all make for a large dispersion of service lives and help to explain the dearth of information about them. The useful life information was drawn largely from Income Tax, Depreciation and Obsolescence, Estimated Useful Lives, and Depreciation Rates, Bulletin F, Internal Revenue Service. The actual service lives used were 85 percent of Bulletin F for equipment, and 68 percent of Bulletin F for structures. (See pages T-4 and T-5 of source for reasons behind the use of shorter service lives.) Average service lives were estimated for each of the 20 types of equipment and 10 types of structures which are detailed in the GNP gross investment series with which the calculation starts. Average life for each type of nonfarm equipment was derived by assigning service lives as shown in Bulletin F to each of the equipment items of that type and deriving an average for the type for each year based on weights reflecting shipments of each item as shown in the censuses and annual surveys of manufactures. Altogether, Bulletin F service lives for about 180 items of equipment were used in obtaining averages for the 20 types. Average lives for farm equipment were derived from several unpublished Department of Agriculture studies. Depreciation at constant cost has been estimated by applying information on the length of useful lives to the constant dollar purchases of structures and equipment. Underlying the average service life of a given type of asset is a distribution of discards. For example, trucks have an average service life of 10 years, but some trucks are wrecked after a few months and others are used for 15 or 20 years. To take into account that similar assets are discarded at different ages, a pattern labeled the Winfrey S-3 distribution was introduced. It is a minor modification of the original Winfrey S-3 curve. (See Robley Winfrey, Statistical Analysis of Industrial Property Retirement, Iowa Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin 125, Dec. 11,1935.) The new pattern is a bell-shaped distribution whose mean is the average service life of the asset in question, with discards starting at 45 percent of the average life and continuing until 155 percent of the average life has been attained. In the absence of sufficient information to support any alternative course, ASSETS, CAPITAL, AND CONCENTRATION that service life distribution was applied uniformly to all the gross investment series to derive the gross capital stocks and related estimates. P 119-122. Real net value of assets in manufacturing industries, in 1958 dollars, 1925-1970. Source: See source for series P 107-112, pp. T-25, 286, 287, and 397. Estimates are for privately owned structures and equipment assets in manufacturing establishments (in contrast to the firm), and represent the undepreciated value remaining in past acquisitions including the purchases of Government surplus assets at original acquisition prices. The latter were derived from the estimates of gross private domestic investment in newly constructed nonresidential structures and producers' durable equipment that are included in the gross national product estimates of the Department of Commerce. The outlays on structures were adjusted to benchmarks, based mainly on expenditures for new plant construction by establishments included in the census of manufactures. Data on gross investment by manufacturing establishments from censuses and annual surveys of manufactures were used as industry totals. The asset detail was developed on the basis of unpublished Internal Revenue Service studies on lives of depreciable assets and several specialized industry studies which provided detailed information on the composition of assets in manufacturing. Purchases of equipment were converted to constant (1958) cost by the indexes used to deflate the corresponding component of the gross national product. Purchases of structures were deflated by constant cost 2, which is a closer approximation to a price index than is constant cost 1. For the composition of these costs, see table 4, pp. T-17 to T-19 of source. Depreciation was allocated over the useful life by the doubledeclining balance method, under which twice the straight-line rate of depreciation is charged in the first year, and the same percentage rate is applied in successive years to the remaining value of the asset. (See page T-12 of source.) For a discussion of the data and methodology of estimation of Government-owned, privately operated assets for each of the four major owning agencies—Department of Defense, Atomic Energy Commission, Maritime Administration, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration—see pages T-22 and T-23 of source. P 123-176. Capital in manufacturing industries, in book value and in 1929 dollars (Creamer), 1879-1957. Source: 1879-1937, Daniel Creamer, Sergei Dobrovolsky, and Israel Borenstein, Capital in Manufacturing and Mining: Its Formation and Financing, Princeton University Press, 1960, Appendix A, tables 8 and 9; 1948-1957, Daniel Creamer, Capital Expansion and Capacity in Postwar Manufacturing, National Industrial Conference Board, Inc., New York, Studies in Business Economics, No. Seventy-Two, 1961, Appendix G, tables G - l and G-2. (Copyright.) Estimates for 1879-1919 are based on data in various reports of the census of manufactures. For 1929-1957, the estimates are based on balance sheet data of corporations (raised to the level of all firms) published by the Internal Revenue Service (formerly Bureau of Internal Revenue) in Statistics of Income. Fixed capital includes land, buildings, and equipment (all net of depreciation). Working capital includes all other assets, other than investments in securities (chiefly cash, accounts and notes receivable, and inventories). Structures and equipment owned by the Federal Government but operated by private firms are excluded in all years. For a detailed description of data, adjustments and limitations, see Appendix A, section A, of the first source. Figures in 1929 dollars were derived by dividing the estimates of capital in book values, by price indexes of book values expressed in 1929 prices. The latter are the implicit indexes derived by dividing the sum of the reported book values of the 15 major industry groups P 119-204 comprising all manufactures by the sum of the book values expressed in 1929 prices of the 15 major groups. The general procedure for deflating capital is to derive a composite index of prices underlying book values of buildings, machinery and equipment, and working capital for each of the 15 major industrial groups shown here. A construction cost index weighted by volume of construction depreciated over 50 years is used to represent the changes in the book value of land and buildings. This component of the composite index is identical for all 15 groups. For machinery and equipment, a price index of general machinery and equipment is used for all 15 groups, but in each group the index is weighted by volume of machinery and equipment produced, depreciated according to length of life typical for a given industry as reported by the Internal Revenue Service in Income Tax, Depreciation and Obsolescence, Estimated Useful Lives, and Depreciation Rates, Bulletin F. Because of these changing industry weights, a different deflator for machinery and equipment is obtained for each major group. The wholesale price index of the output of a given major industry is used to deflate working capital. For derivation of the deflators for each of the 15 major groups, see Appendix A, section B, of the first source. P 177-196. Share of total value added by manufacture accounted for by the 200 largest manufacturing companies, and by the 50 and 100 largest identical manufacturing companies, 1947-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1947-1967,1967 Census of Manufactures, vol. I, p. 9-6; 1970, Annual Survey of Manufactures, Value of Shipment Concentration Ratios, M70 (AS)-9. Data for 1962 and 1966 are based on the annual survey of manufactures; other years on the census of manufactures. These data reflect the activity of the largest companies in the industrial sector as a whole. A company is defined as the total of its industrial establishments, including not only its manufacturing plants but also auxiliary establishments such as warehouses and central administrative offices. Value added for all manufacturing establishments of a given company was aggregated irrespective of the industry classification of the individual establishments. The companies were then arrayed by magnitude of value added in each specified year and totals were computed for the 50, 100, 150, and 200 largest companies. The rankings in 1947 and 1954 were based on unadjusted value added; those for later years on adjusted value added. See text for series P 10. For series P 177-180, companies were classified in size groups in each particular year based on their size in that year. The largest companies are those which were the largest in each of the specified years. Thus, a size group, such as the top four, does not necessarily include the same companies from year to year. For series P 181-196, the 100 largest companies in each year specified in the stub of the table were selected and their proportion of total value added by manufacture in each of the years shown in the column headings was computed. These data thus measure the changes in concentration ratios for a fixed group of companies from one year to another. In case of mergers, the larger of the two at the time of merger was considered to be the predecessor company. P 197-204. Concentration in manufacturing, by industry group, 1901, 1947, and 1954. Source: Series P 197, G. Warren Nutter, The Extent of Enterprise Monopoly in the United States, tables 10 and 39, copyright 1951 by The University of Chicago. Series P 198, M. A. Adelman, "The Measurement of Industrial Concentration," Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 33, November 1951, table 14 (copyright, Harvard College; based on Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Study of Monopoly Power, House of Representatives, 81st Congress, 1st session, Serial No. 14, part 2-B, pp. 1436-1456). Series P 199-200 are tabulations prepared by the Bureau of the Census from data reported in the census of manufactures. Series P 201-204, Irving Rottenberg, "New Statistics 659 P 205-230 MANUFACTURES on Companies and on Concentration in Manufacturing From the 1954 Census," Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, 1957, table 5 (copyright). The basic source of most of the data in all columns is the census of manufactures. The concentration ratio is defined as the percent of total industry sales (or, occasionally, value added) made by the four largest sellers. The entries for series P 197-198 represent the value added by manufacture in 4-digit SIC industries (see general note for series P 1-374) with concentration ratios of 50 or higher, as a percentage of value added by all 4-digit industries included in each 2-digit industry group (e.g., "food and kindred products" is a 2-digit group containing "meatpacking plants" and 2 other 4-digit meat industries, "creamery butter" and 5 other 4-digit dairy industries, etc.). The figures for series P 199-204 are average concentration ratios for each 2-digit industry group, i.e., the concentration ratio of each 4-digit industry is weighted in proportion to its employment or value added, as indicated, as a proportion of total employment or total value added by the whole 2-digit group. Series P 199-200 include all industries for the given year—452 in 1947, and 434 in 1954. Because of changes in 4-digit industry definitions, concentration ratios are not fully comparable. Series P 201204 are based on 375 comparable industries accounting for 85 percent of all value added by manufacture in 1947, and for 82 percent in 1954. The first total line is a set of weighted averages based on valueadded weights derived from the basic data for the respective years shown. Figures on the second total line (for series P 201-204) are averages of the concentration ratios shown for the 20 industry groups. Where the change in concentration, 1947-1954, as shown in series P 199-200, is substantially different from that shown in series P 201204, the difference is due to industry redefinition and to inclusion or exclusion of industries from the census of manufactures. A striking example is in group 39, "miscellaneous manufactures" from which major group 19, "ordnance and accessories," was omitted for national security reasons. P 205-211. Selected statistics for operating manufacturing establishments, by legal form of organization, 1939-1967. States, 1910, Manufactures: 1909, vol. VIII, p. 135; 1914 and 1919, Fourteenth Census of the United States, 1920, Manufactures: 1919, vol. VIII, p. 108; 1929, Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930, Manufactures: 1929, vol. I, p. 95; 1939, Sixteenth Census of the United States, 19U0, Manufactures: 1939, vol. I, p. 229; 1947-1967, U.S. Census of Manufactures, 1967, vol. I. Percentages were computed from figures published in the various Bureau of the Census reports cited as sources. See also data and text for series P 205-211. P 216-226. Consumption of energy materials, 1899-1967. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. Thirteenth Census of the United States: 1910, vol. X , p. 662; Census of Manufactures: 1963, vol. I, pp. 7-90 and 7-91; and Census of Manufactures: 1967, Special Report MC67(S)-4, Fuels and Electric Energy Consumed, pp. 8-9. Data for fuels consumed for heat and power were converted to kilowatt-hour equivalents, the international unit of energy, and then added to the quantity of purchased electric energy. The conversion factors used for each fuel are shown in the source reports. For fuels, quantities include both fuels purchased for use as fuel and fuels made and used in the same establishment. P 227. Coffee imported, 1860-1970. Source: 1860-1914, see source for series P 17, pp. 8-9 and 143-144; 1915-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 292-293, cited as source for series P 231; 1930-1947, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States; 1948-1962, same agency, Quarterly Summary of Foreign Commerce of the United States, for those years; 1963-1970, same agency, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, Reports FT 110, FT 125, and FT 135, calendar year issues. The data for 1860-1933 are described as net imports (general imports) minus foreign exports; for 1934-1970, they are described as imports for consumption minus foreign exports. However, on dutyfree commodities, like coffee, general imports equal imports for consumption. Data cover U.S. customs area, which includes Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. P 228. Raw cotton used in textiles, 1860-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1939, Sixteenth Census of the Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1860-1909, Bulletin 160, Cotton United States: 191^0, Census of Manufactures, 1939, vol. I, p. 230; Production and Distribution, 1926, p. 49; 1910-1945, Bulletin 183, 1947-1967,1967 Census of Manufactures, vol. I, p. 3-4. Cotton Production and Distribution, 19i6, pp. 26-31; 1946-1962, Each establishment included in the censuses of manufactures was Cotton Production and Distribution, annual reports; 1963-1970, Current classified into one of the following legal forms of organization: Industrial Reports, series M22P, Cotton, Man-Made Fiber Staple, and Linters, Summary for Cotton Season, various annual issues. Corporate—an establishment (other than a cooperative) owned by an organization or company legally incorporated under State Data are for years ending August 31 through 1910, July 31 therelaws. after. Figures are in running bales, except that for 1860-1870, they Noncorporate—individual proprietorships, partnerships, coopare in equivalent 500-pound bales. Data exclude linters for 1860eratives, establishments operated by estate administrators, trust1908 and include them thereafter. eeships, receiverships, public and quasi-public organizations, and, in addition, misassignments of small establishments that were P 229. Wool used in textiles, 1918-1970. not corrected because they were not statistically significant. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1922-1957, Facts for Industry, Individual proprietorship—an establishment owned by one perWool Consumption and Stocks, monthly issues. (Title may vary son, who may or may not actively participate in the operation of for this report.) 1958-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series the business. M 220, Consumption on the Woolen and Worsted Systems, monthly Partnership—an establishment owned by two or more persons, issues. each of whom has a financial interest in and responsibility for the Figures relate to scoured wool plus greasy wool reduced to a scoured business. A partner may or may not actively participate in the basis, assuming average yields varying with class, origin, grade, and operation of the business. whether shorn or pulled. For 1946-1970, they include raw wool See also text for series P 1-12. consumed in woolen and worsted systems only. For a series on apparent consumption of all wool, 1870-1929, see P 212-215. Percent distribution of production workers and of value Arthur F. Burns, pp. 296-297, cited as source for series P 231. added in manufacturing establishments, by legal form of ownership, 1899-1967. P 230. Unmanufactured silk imports for consumption, 1883-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899, Census of Manufactures: 1905, part I, p. liv; 1904 and 1909, Thirteenth Census of the United 660 Source: 1883-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 294-295, cited as source for series P 231; 1930-1931, U.S. Bureau of Foreign and Domes- SELECTED COMMODITIES tic Commerce, Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the U.S., vol. I, for respective years; 1932, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1940, p. 732; 1933-1949, Statistical Abstract, 1950, p. 638; 1950-1955, Textile Economics Bureau, Inc., New York, Textile Organon, vol. X X X V I I , No. 3, March 1966; 1955-1970, Textile Organon, March 1971. Figures are derived by subtracting foreign exports from general imports of all types of unmanufactured silk. Spun silk is not included. For a series on raw silk imports (excluding silk from cocoons and waste) for 1860-1914, see source for series P 17, pp. 8-9 and 153-155; and for 1870-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, cited above. P 231. Wheat flour produced, 1860-1970. Source: 1860-1914, see source for series P 17, pp. 8-9 and 135-139; 1915-1929, Arthur F. Burns, Production Trends in the United States Since 1870, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1934, pp. 299 and 339 (copyright); 1931 and 1933, Solomon Fabricant, The Output of Manufacturing Industries, 1899-1937, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1940, p. 395 (copyright; data from census of manufactures); 1935-1970, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Economic Report No. 138, Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, and Supplement for 1970. Reported data in hundredweights were converted to barrels containing 196 pounds of flour. These estimates are based on commercial production of wheat flour reported by the Bureau of the Census. They include flour milled in bond from foreign wheat plus the estimated flour equivalent of farm wheat ground for flour or exchanged for flour for farm household use. P 232. Refined sugar produced, 1860-1970. Source: 1860-1914, see source for series P 17, pp. 8-9 and 139-143; 1919-1933, see Solomon Fabricant, pp. 382 and 387, cited as source for series P 231; 1934-1945, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Statistics, 1952, p. I l l ; 1946-1960, Agricultural Statistics, 1967, p. 83; 1961-1970, Agricultural Statistics, 1971, p. 88. Figures represent production in cane-sugar refineries and in beetsugar factories. P 233. Canned corn produced, 1885-1970. Source: 1885-1908, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 300-301 and 341, cited as source for series P 231; 1909-1970, National Canners Association, Canned Food Pack Statistics, 1971-72. A case consists of 24 No. 2 cans. P 234. Canned tomatoes produced, 1885-1970. Source: 1885-1898, 1900-1903, and 1905-1907, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 300-301 and 341, cited as source for series P 231. National Canners Association, 1899 and 1904, Canned Food P<iek Statistics, 1969-70; 1908-1970, Canned Food Pack Statistics, 1971-72. A case consists of 24 No. 2 cans. The figures for 1885-1907 were published in the unit case of 24 No. 3 cans. They have been converted to a unit case of 24 No. 2 cans by multiplying by 1.707. The conversion factor is taken from National Canners Association, Washington, D.C., Canned Food Pack Statistics: 1940, part 1—Vegetables, March 1941, p. 19. Except for some of the early historical data which came from reports of the Bureau of the Census, the data have been compiled by the National Canners Association with the cooperation of State, regional, and commodity associations. P 235. Beer produced, 1870-1970. Source: 1870-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 292-293, cited as source for series P 231. U.S. Internal Revenue Service (formerly P 231-243 Bureau of Internal Revenue), 1930-1932, unpublished data; 1933, Annual Report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 1936; 19341970, U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Summary Statistics, 1973, p. 41. The unit "barrel" contains 31 wine gallons. For 1921-1933, only cereal beverages were permitted to be produced. P 236-236a. Distilled spirits produced, 1870-1970. Source: 1870-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 292-293, cited as source for series P 231. U.S. Internal Revenue Service (formerly Bureau of Internal Revenue), 1930-1933, Annual Report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, annual issues. 1934-1970, see source for series P 235, p. 20. The computation of taxable gallons excludes all fractional parts of a proof gallon less than one-tenth. Figures are for years ending June 30 and include data for Hawaii; beginning 1928, they also include data for Puerto Rico. Series P 236 includes industrial alcohol for all years. Series P 236a was derived by subtracting figures for industrial alcohol (i.e., tax-free withdrawals) from total distilled spirits production. P 237-238. Fats and oils produced, 1922-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1922-1940, Animal and Vegetable Fats and Oils, annual issues; 1941-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series M20J and M20K, Fats and Oils, 1970 and earlier years, summary issues (prior to 1958, series M 17-1, M 17-2, and M 28). P 239. Manufactured tobacco and snuff products, 1870-1970. Source: 1870-1879, see source for series P 17, pp. 14-15 and 192193; 1880-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 296-297, cited as source for series P 231; 1930-1970, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Statistics, 1952,1957,1962,1967, and 1971 editions. Primary source of the figures is the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. P 240. Cigars, 1870-1970. Source: 1870-1879, see source for series P 17, pp. 14-15 and 189191; 1880-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 298-299, cited as source for series P 231. U.S. Internal Revenue Service (formerly Bureau of Internal Revenue), 1930-1939 and 1941-1949, Annual Report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, various issues; 1940 and 1950-1970, Alcohol and Tobacco Summary Statistics, annual issues. For 1870-1949, figures exclude cigars weighing not more than 3 pounds per 1,000. P 241. Cigarettes, 1870-1970. Source: 1870-1879, see source for series P 17, pp. 14-15 and 192; 1880-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 298-299, cited as source for series P 231; 1930-1970, see source for series P 240. Figures represent large and small cigarettes and small cigars for 1870-1949, excluding those manufactured in bonded manufacturing warehouses. For 1954-1970, small cigars are excluded. P 242-243. Apparel products, 1927-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, series MA23A, Annual Apparel Survey, 1970 and earlier years, summary issues. Men's and boys' suits and separate coats represent (1) men's suits, excluding ski, slack, snow, and uniform, (2) men's tailored dress and sport coats and jackets, excluding uniform, (3) boys' tailored dress and sport coats, and (4) boys' suits, including students', cadets', and junior boys'. Women's, misses', and juniors' dresses include both dresses sold at a unit price and those sold at a dozen-price. 661 MANUFACTURES P 244-261 P 244. Rayon and acetate yarns available, 1911-1970. Source: 1911-1939, Textile Economics Bureau, Inc., New York, Textile Organon—Base Book of Textile Statistics, vol. X X X I I I , No. 1, January 1962; 1940-1955, Textile Organon, January-February, 1971; 1956-1970, Textile Organon, March 1971. (Copyright.) Figures represent producers' domestic shipments plus imports of yarn and exclude staple, tow, waste, and other rayon and acetate products. Data for rayon relate to manmade fibers produced by the viscose, cuprammonium, and nitrocellulosic (discontinued after 1934) processes. Rayon horsehair and straw are included in the filament yarn figures for 1952-1970 (for 1940-51, production of these items averaged just under 1 million pounds per year). Acetate means manmade fibers composed of cellulose acetate and triacetate. For 1941-1970, figures for rayon and acetate are as actually reported by the entire industry; earlier data are estimated totals based on reports obtained from 86 percent or more of the industry, with adjustments for complete coverage in accordance with information from the census of manufactures. P 245. Non-cellulosic yarn available, 1940-1970. Source: See source for series P 244, 1940-1970. Data include producers' domestic shipments plus imports of yarn and exclude staple and tow. P 246. Finished knit cloth shipped, 1933-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports. 1933-1946, series M67C, Underwear and Allied Products: Underwear, Knit Cloth, and Knit Fabric Gloves; and Underwear and Knit Cloth for Sale; 1947-1965, series M22K, Knit Cloth for Sale; 1966-1970, series MQ22K, Shipments of Knit Cloth, summary issues. P 247. P 252. Paints, varnishes, and lacquers produced, 1899-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899-1947, Census of Manufactures, reports for various census years; 1953-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series M28F, Paint, Varnish, and Lacquer, summary issues. P 253. Superphosphates produced, 1860-1970. Source: 1860-1954, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Statistics on Fertilizers and Liming Materials in the United Stales, Statistical Bulletin No. 191, p. 43, April 1957; 1955-1957, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Facts for Industry, series M19D-06 and M19D-08; 19581970, Current Industrial Reports, series M28B, Inorganic Fertilizer Materials and Related Acids, summary issues. P 254. Light products of distillation, 1918-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, "Petroleum Statements," annual issues. These figures relate essentially to the production of gasoline and naphtha. Figures for 1918-1927, 1929-1956, and 1962-1963 are not strictly comparable. The figure for 1929 on a basis comparable with preceding years is 438 million barrels. For 1953-1970, figures for jet fuel are excluded. P 255. Illuminating oils (kerosene) produced, 1916-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, "Petroleum Statements," annual issues. Figures for 1916-1927, 1929-1956, and 1962-1963 are not strictly comparable. The figure for 1929 comparable with the preceding years is 55.7 million barrels. For 1953-1959, figures exclude jet fuel. Beginning 1960, data include jet fuel used in commercial aircraft; beginning 1965, they include kerosene-type jet fuels. Carpets and rugs shipped, 1899-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899-1947, Census of Manufactures reports; 1954-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series M22L and MQ22K, Carpets and Rugs, summary issues. P 248-250. Sodium hydroxide and ammonia produced, 1899-1970. P 256. Fuel oils produced, 1916-1970. Source: See source for series P 255. Figures for 1916-1927, 1929-1956, and 1962-1963 are not strictly comparable. The figure for 1929 comparable with the preceding years is 390 million barrels. For 1953-1970, jet fuels are excluded. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899-1939, Census of Manufactures reports; thereafter, Current Industrial Reports, series M28A, Inorganic Chemicals, summary issues. P 257. P 251. Figures for 1916-1927 and 1929-1956 are not strictly comparable. The figure for 1929 comparable with preceding years is 37 million barrels. Sulfuric acid produced, 1899-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899-1927, unpublished data; 1929-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series M28A, Inorganic Chemicals, summary issues. Figures are combined totals for sulfuric acid produced by the contact and chamber processes, including spent acid fortified in the contact plants with the simultaneous production of new acid. Production of Government-owned plants, which was large during the war period, is not included for that period; for the most part, this production was available only for military use. However, for 19541970, appreciable amounts of sulfuric acid produced in Governmentowned privately operated plants are included. Figures for 1946-1950 include estimates based on annual totals of byproduct operations of a few smelters reporting to the Bureau of Mines; the estimated data included vary from 4 percent in 1946 to 2 percent in 1950. For 1899-1939, figures are based on reports of the Census of Manufactures; they are shown in those reports on a 50° Baume basis but are here converted to 100 percent H 2 S0 4 . Beginning January 1948, figures are not strictly comparable with earlier data because of the inclusion of additional plants; however, the addition of these plants increased the production of the specified chemical by less than 3.5 percent. 662 Lubricating oils produced, 1916-1970. Source: See source for series P 255. P 258. Paraffin wax produced, 1916-1970. Source: See source for series P 255. For 1929-1956, figures are labeled petroleum wax. The basic source of these data is the Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook. P 259. Pneumatic motor vehicle tires produced, 1914-1967. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufactures, reports for various census years. P 260-261. Men's and women's shoes produced, 1899-1970. Source: 1899-1919, see Solomon Fabricant, cited as source for series P 231; U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1921-1946, Statistical Abstract of the United States, various editions, 1929-19^7; 1947-1954, unpublished data; 1955-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series M31A, Shoes and Slippers, summary issues. Figures represent pairs of leather uppers for men's and women's shoes. They do not include youths' and boys', misses', children's, SELECTED COMMODITIES infants', athletic, part leather, or nonleather shoes. For 1930-1970, figures for men's shoes are not strictly comparable with earlier years because large quantities of heavy footwear included with men's shoes for later years were included with athletic shoes for earlier years. P 262. Rails produced, 1860-1970. Figures include both iron and steel rails, rerolled rails, and girder and high T rails. Rails are a component of "hot rolled iron and steel," series P 270. For 1860-1867, figures include production of iron rails only. Structural iron and steel shapes produced, 1879-1970. Source: 1879-1889, see source for series P 17; 1892-1970, American Iron and Steel Institute, Annual Statistical Report, various issues (copyright), and unpublished data. Structural shapes are a component of "hot rolled iron and steel," series P 270. P 264. Common and face brick produced, 1869-1970. Source: 1869-1899 (decennially), 1904, 1909, 1914, 1919-1939 (biennially), 1947, 1954, 1958, 1963, and 1967, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufactures, reports for various years; 1895-1912, U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of the United States, various issues; 1913-1959, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Facts for Industry, Clay Construction Products, summary issues; 1960-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series M320, Clay Construction Products, summary issues. The figures for 1869 and 1879 are for common brick only. For 1889, 1899, and 1904, the production of "fancy or ornamental brick" has been added to the production of "face brick," the reason being that "the best grade of 'face' or 'front' brick appears to have been classified as 'fancy or ornamental' brick" in these years. Beginning 1943, common and face brick are classified as "unglazed" brick. P 265-269. Raw steel produced, 1860-1970. Source: American Iron and Steel Institute, Annual Report, various issues (copyright). Gasoline and diesel engines produced, 1947-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, series MA35L, Internal Combustion Engines, summary issues. Production data exclude engines for outboard, automotive, and aircraft purposes. Source: 1860-1872, see source for series P 17; 1873-1970, American Iron and Steel Institute, Annual Statistical Report, various issues, 1965-1970 (copyright); and unpublished data. P 263. P 275-276. P 231-243 Statistical P 277. Wheel tractors, complete, produced, 1922-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, series M35S, Tractors (Except Garden Tractors), summary issues. P 278. Metal cutting machines shipped, 1947-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, series M35W, Metalworking Machinery, summary issues. P 279. Typewriters shipped, 1900-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, series M35C, Typewriters, summary issues. Except as indicated in footnotes, standard electric and manual and portable models are included. P 280. Room air-conditioners shipped, 1945-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, series M35M, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment, summary issues. P 281-282. Fractional horsepower motors and integral horsepower motors and generators shipped, 1914-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1914-1958, see source for series P 259; thereafter, Current Industrial Reports, series M36H, Motors and Generators, summary issues. P 283-285. Domestic ranges, electric, shipped; household refrigerators produced; and household washing machines, mechanical, shipped, 1921-1967. Source: Series P 284,1921-1937, see Solomon Fabricant, p. 585, cited as source for series P 231; all other data, see source for series P 259. For 1934-1970, figures include only that part of steel castings made in foundries producing steel ingots. P 286-287. P 270. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899-1939, see source for series P 259; thereafter, Current Industrial Reports, series M36B and M36D, Electric Lamps. Hot rolled iron and steel produced, 1864-1970. Source: American Iron and Steel Institute, Annual Statistical Report, various issues, 1965-1970 (copyright), and unpublished data. Figures include rails, plates and sheets, merchant bar and skelp production, wire rods, and structural shapes. P 271. Copper and copper base alloy, rolled, drawn, and extruded products shipped, 1925-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1925-1947, see source for series P 259; 1952-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series BDSAF-84, Shipments of Copper-Base Mill and Foundry Products, summary issues. P 272-274. Fabricated metal products, 1941-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, series M34D, Metal Cans, and series M34N, Heating and Cooking Equipment (Except Electric), summary issues. Warm air-furnaces, P 273, include oil- and gas-fired furnaces sold as component parts of "year-round air-conditioning units." Electric lamps produced, 1899-1970. P 288-290. Home-type radio receivers, home-type radio-phonograph combinations, and phonographs shipped, 1899-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899-1939, see source for series P 259; thereafter, Current Industrial Reports, series MA36M, Home-Type Radio Receivers and Television Sets, Automobile Radios, Phonographs, and Record Player Attachments. Home-type radio receivers and radio-phonograph combinations for 1923-1939 include automobile sets. P 291. Trailer coaches, housing type, shipped, 1937-1967. Source: See source for series P 259. P 292. Truck trailers shipped, 1935-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1935-1939, see source for series P 259; thereafter, Current Industrial Reports, series M37L, Truck Trailers, summary issues. 663 MANUFACTURES P 293-317 P 293. Locomotives produced, 1880-1967. P 299-300. Pianos and organs produced, 1899-1967. Source: 1880-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 300-301, cited as source for series P 231; 1930-1945, American Railway Car Institute, Railway Age, Annual Statistical and Outlook Number, January 6, 1945, p. 91, and Annual Statistical and Outlook Number, January 5, 1946, p. 88 (copyright); 1947-1967, see source for series P 259. Source: 1899-1937, see Solomon Fabricant, pp. 597 and 598, cited as source for series P 231; 1939-1967, see source for series P 259. For 1905-1945, Canadian output is included although the U.S. output is shown separately beginning with 1929 (see, for example, Railway Age, Annual Statistical Number, January 4, 1947). For 1880-1911, locomotives built in railroad repair shops are excluded. For 1942-1944, figures exclude locomotives built for U.S. Government and for lend-lease program. This series was discontinued when the new traction power was supplied almost exclusively by diesel units. A locomotive may be composed of one or more diesel units. Data for 1947-1967, which are from the census of manufactures, represent shipments. P 301-317. P 294. Railroad passenger cars produced, 1871-1967. Source: 1871-1914, see source for series P 17, pp. 14-15 and 196197; 1915-1957, see source for series P 295; 1958-1967, see source for series P 259. For 1871-1919, figures represent domestic production of passenger cars, exclusive of that in railroad repair shops; thereafter, figures include production in railroad repair shops. For 1920-1957, figures represent "passenger train cars delivered." Data for 1958-1967, which are from the census of manufactures, represent shipments. P 295. Railroad freight cars produced, 1871-1967. Source: 1871-1914, see source for series P 17, pp. 14-15 and 193196; 1915-1919, American Railway Car Institute, Railway Age, Annual Statistical and Outlook Number, January 7, 1939, p. 83; 19201957, Railway Age, Annual Statistical and Outlook Number (most recently entitled Review and Outlook), various issues, 1950-1958 (copyright); 1958-1967, see source for series P 259. For 1871-1919, figures represent domestic production of freight cars, exclusive of that in railroad repair shops; thereafter, figures include production in railroad repair shops. For 1920-1957, figures represent "freight cars delivered." Data for 1958-1967, which are from the census of manufactures, represent shipments. P 296-297. Horse-drawn vehicles produced, 1899-1967. Source: 1899-1937, see Solomon Fabricant, p. 585, cited as source for series P 231; 1939-1967, see source for series P 259. For 1899-1914, figures for farm wagons, trucks, and business vehicles include patrol wagons, ambulances, handcarts, and pushcarts; for 1919-1925, they exclude mail carrier wagons and public conveyances and relate to products made within the industry (as classified by the Bureau of the Census); for 1927-1967, figures relate to all products made regardless of the industry classification of the establishment. For 1899-1925, figures for carriages, buggies, and sulkies exclude sulkies; for 1933, include two-wheeled carts. P 298. Bicycles produced, 1899-1967. Source: 1899-1937, see Solomon Fabricant, p. 590, cited as source for series P 231; 1939-1967, see source for series P 259. For 1899-1921, figures relate to products made within the industry (as classified by the Bureau of the Census); for 1923-1967, figures relate to all products made regardless of the industry classification of the establishment. 664 For organs, series P 300, the data represent reed organs for 18991935, electronic organs thereafter. General note. Capacity is rarely calculated on the basis of full-time operation of an industry (i.e., 365 days a year, 24 hours a day), but at varying criteria short of that. Capacity as of January 1 is generally used as the basis of computation. Exceptions to these general rules are noted in the text for each series, where applicable. P 301. Blast furnaces (pig iron), 1898-1960. Source: American Iron and Steel Institute, Annual Directory and Annual Statistical Report, New York, various issues (copyright). Figures include a 6.1 percent deduction from full-time operation to allow for rebuilding, relining, and repairing the equipment. Capacity is based on April 1 for 1898; November 1, 1901 and 1907; June 1, 1904; and the average of January 1 and July 1 for 1941-1944 and 1950. None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii. P 302. Steel ingots and steel for castings, 1887-1960. Source: See source for series P 301. Figures include a 9.1 percent deduction from full-time operation to allow for rebuilding, relining, and repairing equipment, and for holiday shutdowns. Capacity is based on an average of January 1 and July 1 for 1941-1944. None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii. P 303. Copper refining, 1907-1970. Source: 1907-1930, Edwin G. Nourse, America's Capacity to Produce, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., 1934, p. 557; 1931-1970, American Bureau of Metal Statistics, Year Book, New York, various issues. (Copyright.) None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii. P 304-305. Lead refining, 1921-1970. Source: American Bureau of Metal Statistics, Year Book, New York, various issues (copyright). None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii. P 306. Zinc refining, 1921-1970. Source: See source for series P 304-305. Figures are not comparable throughout because of changes in components. For 1921-1925, figures represent distillation zinc; 1926-1940, distillation and electrolytic zinc; 1941-1970, slab zinc. As an alternative source for data, see U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, various issues. None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii. P 307. Aluminum ingots, 1889-1970. Source: 1889-1895, J. D. Edwards, et al., The Aluminum Industry, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, 1930 (copyright); 19101919, U.S. Business and Defense Services Administration (now Bureau of Domestic Commerce), Materials Survey, Aluminum, 1956; 19271938, U.S. Surplus Property Board, Aluminum Plants and Facilities Report, 1945; 1939-1970, American Bureau of Metal Statistics, Year Book, New York, various issues (copyright). The general practice in this industry is to rate potline capacity SELECTED COMMODITIES on full-time operation. As an alternative source for data, see U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, various issues. None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii. P 308. Portland cement, 1910-1970. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, 1910-1923, Mineral Resources of the United States, annual volumes; U.S. Bureau of Mines, 19241931, Mineral Resources of the United States, annual volumes; 19321970, Minerals Yearbook, annual volumes. A deduction from full-time operation is taken for estimated average number of days required for repair or other unavoidable shutdowns. Favorable labor, fuel, and transportation conditions are assumed. No capacity in Alaska; figures include Hawaii beginning 1960. P 309. Crude petroleum refining, 1918-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1918-1961, Petroleum Refineries, Including Cracking Plants in the United States, January 1, 1961 (also shown in Minerals Yearbook); 1962-1970, Mineral Industry Survey, Petroleum Refineries in the United States and Puerto Rico, January 1, annual issues. Capacity is defined as the maximum daily average throughput (converted to an annual basis) of the plant in complete operation, with allowance for necessary shutdown time for routine maintenance, repairs, etc. It approximates the maximum daily average crude runs to stills that can be maintained for an extended period. Capacity is based on November 1 for 1924. Includes Alaska for all years, Hawaii beginning 1960. P 310-311. Coke, 1909-1961. Source: 1909-1920, see first source cited for series P 303; 1921-1961, see sources cited for series P 308. None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii. P 312. Carbon black, 1928-1970. Source: See source for series P 308. None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii. P 313. Sulfuric acid, 1945-1970. Source: 1945, reprinted with permission from Chemical and Engineering News, Washington, D.C., July 10, 1945 (copyright by American Chemical Society); 1950-1970, U.S. Bureau of Domestic Commerce (formerly Business and Defense Services Administration), Chemical Industry Report, various issues. Capacity is based on 350 days a year. None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii. P 314. Phosphatic fertilizers, 1900-1970. Source: 1900-1951, U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Statistics on Fertilizers and Liming Materials in the United States, Statistical Bulletin No. 191, April 1957; 1952-1957, National Plant Food Institute, Plant Food Review, vol. 4, Nos. 2 and 3, 1958; 1958-1970, U.S. Bureau of Domestic Commerce (formerly Business and Defense Services Administration), unpublished data. These data are the total of normal superphosphate, concentrated superphosphate, and miscellaneous phosphatic materials. Capacity of normal superphosphate is based on 300 two-shift days a year. Capacity of concentrated superphosphate and other phosphatic materials is based on 350 days a year, continuous operations. None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii. P 315. Total combined nitrogen, 1924-1970. Source: 1924-1950, see source for series P 314; 1951-1955, U.S. Business and Defense Services Administration, Summary Information on Anhydrous Ammonia, Bulletin No. 142, February 1956; 1956- P 231-243 1970, U.S. Bureau of Domestic Commerce (formerly Business and Defense Services Administration), unpublished data. This series was entitled "synthetic nitrogen" from 1924-1955. Capacity is based on 350 days a year, continuous operations. None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii. P 316. Rayon and acetate yarn, staple and tow, 1911-1970. Source: 1911, New York Times, Special Chemistry Section, September 2, 1951; 1931-1970, Textile Economics Bureau, Textile Organon (prior to 1952, Rayon Organon), New York, various issues. (Copyright.) Data for 1931-1938 are for yarn only; staple and tow data are not available for those years. Capacity is as of November for all years except 1933 (July) and 1944 (April). Allowance was made for periodic shutdowns of machines for repair, overhaul, or cleaning on a set time schedule. None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii. P 317. Paper and paperboard, 1900-1970. Source: American Paper Institute, The Statistics of Paper, 1957, and subsequent annual issues, New York (copyright). Historic capacity, used until 1955, is based on 310 days a year, 24 hours a day, for paper and building paper and 313 days for paperboard. From 1956 to 1969, practical maximum capacity was used, based on 340 days a year for paper, 339 days for paperboard, and 326 days for construction paper and board and wet machine board. In 1970, practical maximum capacity was based on 346 days for all grades, 348 days for paper, 346 days for paperboard, and 334 days for construction paper and board and wet machine board. Includes Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1960. P 318-374. Value of output offinishedcommodities and construction materials destined for domestic consumption at current producers' prices, and implicit price indexes for major commodity groups (Shaw), 1869-1939. Source: William H. Shaw, Value of Commodity Output Since 1869, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1947, pp. 30, 66, and 290 (copyright). These estimates are derived from census of manufactures data, supplemented by less complete data for nonmanufactured finished commodities and construction materials and for intercensal year interpolations. The estimates before 1919 are based necessarily on less adequate information. The estimates of finished commodities measure the value of commodities that have reached the form in which they are used by ultimate recipients—largely households in the case of consumers' goods, chiefly business and public enterprises in the case of producers' goods. The amount "destined for domestic consumption" is derived as the sum of domestic production, minus exports, plus imports. In most years and for most commodities, the differences between domestic production of finished commodities and finished commodities destined for domestic consumption were modest. Changes in the latter, therefore, can be used as an approximate measure of changes in domestic manufacturing output. For figures on domestic output of finished commodities at producers' prices for 1919-1933, see Simon Kuznets, Commodity Flow and Capital Formation, vol. 1, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1938, pp. 136-138 and 348. The estimates presented here exclude transportation and distribution costs incurred after the production stage, and hence are not in terms of prices to final users. Nor do they measure domestic consumption for they make no allowance for inventory changes. Perishable commodities include those usually lasting less than 6 months; semidurable, those usually lasting from 6 months to 3 years; and durable, those usually lasting more than 3 years. For a detailed discussion of sources and procedures, see the source, part II for estimates of the value of output, part III for exports and imports, and part IV for price indexes. 665 P 1-12 MANUFACTURES Series P 1-12. Establishments Year Manufactures Summary: 1849 to 1970 Persons engaged in manufacturing ( 1 , 0 0 0 ) Payroll (mil. dol.) Total With 20 or more employees Proprietors and partners Nonproduction employees Production workers 1 Man-hours, production workers (mil.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Salaries 7 8 Wages Value added b y manufacture 2 (mil. dol.) Capital expenditures, new (mil. dol.) End-ofyear inventories (mil. dol.) 9 10 11 12 FACTORIES, EXCLUDING HAND AND NEIGHBORHOOD INDUSTRIES 28,157 27,838 28,103 141,886 142,645 132,568 123,481 117,157 50,277 49,186 45,088 42,087 38,901 91,609 93,460 87,480 81,394 78,256 300,228 304,441 285,059 261,984 250,880 22,164 22,291 20,613 21,503 20,236 4,462 4,798 4,640 4,537 4,374 13,528 14,358 14,041 13,955 13,827 26,669 28,600 305,680 107,138 306,617 99,352 169 4,174 4,082 4,000 4,028 3,951 13,076 12,403 12,232 12,127 11,779 26,568 25,246 24,509 24,270 23,289 106,643 98,685 93,283 89,819 83,677 35,281 32,846 31,190 30,685 28,912 71,362 65,839 62,094 59,134 54,765 226,940 206,194 192,083 179,071 164,281 16,615 13,294 11,370 10,436 9,780 95,278 186 3,940 3,790 3,742 3,782 3,563 12,210 299,017 12,273 11,681 12,839 13,131 24,174 24,444 22,679 25,208 26,089 83,673 81,204 73,875 76,315 74,015 28,117 26,489 24,270 23,745 21,974 55,556 54,714 49,605 52,569 52,041 163,999 161,536 141,541 147,838 144,909 10,098 9,140 9,544 12,144 11,233 286,814 285,000 267,000 262,000 90,470 198 3,381 3,273 3,192 3,026 25,898 24,334 27,066 25,618 25,264 69,097 62,963 66,493 59,598 54,742 19,878 18,372 17,513 15,834 14,087 49,218 44,591 48,979 43,764 40,655 135,023 117,032 121,659 109,162 102,086 8,233 2,800 12,954 12,372 13,501 12,706 12,509 2,688 2,550 2,376 s1,719 1,217 11,779 11,016 11,918 7,808 8,569 23,717 21,770 24,317 46,643 41,482 39,696 '12,706 12,830 12,043 11,228 9,452 »3,708 2,717 34,600 30,254 30,244 s8,998 10,113 89,750 75,367 74,291 24,487 25,174 5,041 5,067 5,998 7,204 5,788 6,163 8,370 7,848 9,565 <6,238 2,253 «1,298 14,284 13,123 3,399 3,023 7,311 4,940 6,689 10,885 10,100 18,553 14,008 18,601 30,591 26,325 7,871 8,194 6,476 8,465 6,602 12,958 12,997 9,870 12,427 5,016 2,978 2,848 2,419 2,763 1,234 9,980 10,149 7,451 9,664 3,782 25,668 24,570 17,253 23,842 9,386 6,262 4,106 2,991 2,259 900 550 366 3,205 2,441 1,893 8,160 6,019 4,647 2,207 1,821 948 621 379 237 5,475 4,102 1,973 1,395 854 464 260,000 "240^807" 173,802 166,794 189 <124 99 167,916 139,325 171,450 206,663 187,629 82 72 1,058 • 770 133 132 1,290 1,224 183,877 192,096 192,059 270,231 268,436 133 148 172 250 259 1,271 1,280 264,810 213,444 204,754 272 225 759 493 348 1,081 1,371 911 5,182 4,502 8,201 8,048 7,883 7,782 FACTORIES AND HAND AND NEIGHBORHOOD INDUSTRIES 1899. 1889. 1879. 1869. 1869. 1849. 509,490 353,864 253,852 252,148 140,433 123,025 380 457 5,098 4,129 2,733 2,054 1,311 957 1 T h e Bureau of Labor Statistics annual averages for employment in manufacturing indicates 1943 as the year of maximum employment, with 15,147,000 production workers. See series D 145. 8 For 1 8 4 9 - 1 9 3 3 , cost of contract work was not subtracted from value of products in calculating value added b y manufacture. For 1 9 3 5 - 1 9 5 3 , value added b y manufacture represents unadjusted value added; beginning 1954, it represents adjusted value. 3 Except as noted, figures have been revised b y retabulation of returns t o exclude data for establishments classified as manufacturing in 1939 but as nonmanufacturing beginning 1947. Value added b y manufacture in 1939, prior t o revision and on a basis comparable with prior years, was $ 2 4 . 7 billion. 666 2,596 2,209 389 388 * Includes establishments classified as manufacturing in 1939 and prior years b u t a s nonmanufacturing thereafter. 6 Figures revised on basis of estimates rather than b y retabulation of 1939 reports. Estimates made as follows: For nonproduction employees, b y multiplying the re tabulated figure for number of production workers b y the ratio of aQ employees to production workers computed from unrevised 1939 data; for salaries and wages, b y multiplying the retabulated wage figure by the ratio for salaries and wages also derived from the u n revised 1939 data. 6 Excludes data for salaried officers of corporations and their salaries; therefore, not strictly comparable with figures for other years. PRODUCTION INDEXES Series P 13-17. P Indexes of Manufacturing Production: 1860 to 1970 NBER * (1947 = 100) NBER 2 (1939 = 100) FRB i (1967 = 100) NBER 2 (1958 = 100) 43 51 47 131 1945_ 1944. 1943. 1942. 1941. 82 86 87 83 80 1919 1914 1913 1912 1911 1940. 1939. 1938. 1937. 1936. 74 69 60 66 129 125 121 117 113 25 81 76 71 66 66 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 65 64 57 61 61 109 107 100 100 99 1935. 1934. 1933. 1932. 1931. 18 63 57 53 46 52 1905. 1904_ 1903_ 1902. 1901. 91 90 19 23 21 20 20 54 56 86 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926. 1900. 1899. 1898. 1897. 1896. 100 100 91 80 74 87 79 78 76 73 1925. 1924. 1923. 1922. 1921. 19 17 18 15 12 1895. 1894. 1893. 1892. 1891. 81 68 70 79 73 1920. 1919. 15 15 FRB 1 (1967 = 100) NBER 2 (1958 = 100) Year 105 111 106 100 58 52 55 51 49 86 45 39 41 39 35 Frickey 3 (1899 = 100) Year 22 18 23 22 15 14 12 15 1 Federal Reserve Board index of manufacturing production. 2 National Bureau of Economic Research index of physical volume, all manufacturing industries. Series P 18-39. 13-28 3 Year 34 29 192 203 194 162 172 166 127 156 152 140 19 121 126 127 111 1890. 1889_ 18881887. 1886. 1885. 1884. 1883. 1882. 1881. 1880. 1879. 1878. 1877. 1876. 1875. 1874. 1873. 1872. 1871. 1870. 1869. 1868. 1867. 1866. 1865. 1864. 1863. 1862. 1861. I860. Edwin Frickey's indexes of manufacturing production. Indexes of Manufacturing Production (FRB), by Industry Group: 1947 to 1970 [1967 = 100] Durable manufactures Total manufacturing Primary metals Total Fabricated metal products Machinery Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Stone, clay, and glass products Lumber and products Furniture and fixtures 27 109 114 106 100 101 100 107 102 100 99 90 108 99 107 114 103 100 109 89 81 76 71 66 89 79 74 69 62 104 96 84 78 73 93 83 78 76 70 84 74 68 65 57 91 80 76 69 60 65 64 57 61 61 63 62 54 62 62 74 75 64 80 84 72 72 64 71 69 56 54 45 52 52 64 62 54 69 64 58 52 55 51 49 60 52 59 52 49 85 65 80 71 78 68 60 67 59 60 47 42 45 39 41 39 44 36 40 38 71 57 67 65 57 46 51 50 105 111 106 100 98 102 110 106 100 100 99 107 105 100 101 57 101 96 91 86 81 95 91 86 82 78 93 86 81 78 71 58 55 48 51 49 81 84 73 76 77 74 79 70 68 75 72 73 65 69 69 66 58 66 53 45 44 40 39 72 62 63 62 64 76 68 68 64 65 66 57 53 51 49 41 34 34 31 26 23 25 25 58 48 52 48 65 54 52 43 46 45 100 101 111 116 107 100 95 106 106 109 105 100 110 60 113 106 105 61 59 667 P 58-67 MANUFACTURES Series P 18-39. Indexes of Manufacturing Production (FRB), by Industry Group: 1947 to 1970—Con. [1967 = 100] Nondurable manufactures Year Total Textile mill products Apparel products Leather and products Paper and products Printing and publishing Chemicals and products Petroleum and products Rubber and plastics products Food Tobacco products 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 111 111 106 100 97 90 84 79 75 71 106 113 109 100 102 95 87 81 78 73 98 103 102 100 101 98 94 89 86 82 91 96 106 100 105 104 101 99 101 98 113 114 106 100 100 92 86 81 76 72 104 106 103 100 98 90 84 77 73 71 120 120 110 100 93 82 74 67 62 55 113 108 105 100 97 93 91 88 84 80 116 120 113 100 97 84 74 69 64 57 112 108 104 100 97 92 90 86 83 81 100 97 100 100 100 100 101 97 94 93 I960.. 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 69 67 61 61 60 57 51 51 49 48 71 72 64 65 68 66 58 62 60 61 82 80 73 75 75 74 67 67 67 63 99 104 97 99 100 99 90 92 92 86 68 67 59 59 60 57 51 51 47 49 70 68 63 65 63 59 54 52 49 49 53 51 44 42 40 37 32 32 29 28 77 74 70 70 70 66 60 58 55 54 54 54 45 46 43 43 35 34 32 31 78 76 73 71 70 66 63 61 60 59 90 88 85 79 75 74 72 74 75 73 1950 1949 1948.1947 46 42 42 41 61 54 58 55 64 60 60 58 92 85 89 94 46 38 40 39 49 46 45 43 25 20 20 18 48 44 45 42 31 24 25 25 58 56 55 56 69 68 68 67 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 Series P 40-57. Indexes of Manufacturing Production, by Industry Group: 1899 to 1954 [1947 = 100] Year Primary metals Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical machinery Transportation equipment Stone, clay, and glass products Lumber and furniture 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 1954 1947— 1939 1937 1935 1933 1931.. 1929 1927 1925 1923 1921 1919 1914 1909. 1904 1899 Durable manufactures All manufacturing industries - 128 100 57 58 46 35 40 56 49 103 100 52 58 39 27 32 65 52 46 43 30 34 29 24 19 15 53 52 26 40 29 28 18 14 114 100 50 51 165 100 35 116 100 38 Instruments and miscellaneous 1 48 189 100 49 60 48 22 30 66 45 124 100 87 88 61 42 60 89 88 116 100 72 69 54 42 57 91 90 50 50 25 40 13 7 5 5 81 93 82 76 71 75 75 69 74 178 100 62 Nondurable manufactures Year Textiles and apparel Rubber products Leather Paper Printing and publishing Chemicals Petroleum and coal products Food Tobacco 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 1954— 1947— 1939— 1937 1936— 1933— 1931 1929— 1927— 109 100 80 72 67 57 58 67 63 114 100 55 51 45 39 39 57 52 90 100 87 86 79 68 142 79 76 131 100 68 63 53 44 45 52 46 126 100 69 73 62 52 60 72 65 164 100 46 43 35 29 30 35 29 131 100 65 61 49 42 45 54 45 109 100 66 61 62 37 41 46 42 108 100 66 65 56 48 51 55 50 1925— 1923... 1921— 1919— 1914 1909 1904 1899 58 56 43 45 48 41 32 26 48 41 24 30 67 75 60 142 64 66 58 50 40 36 26 27 24 19 14 10 59 52 37 39 34 25 19 12 24 22 15 18 15 11 8 6 40 34 30 21 12 9 6 5 40 38 31 32 34 28 24 19 45 41 36 38 29 24 21 16 1 Includes ordnance and accessories. 668 SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS Series P 58-67. P 58-67 General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970 [Represents operating manufacturing establishments only] Establishments A l l employees Total With 20 employees or more 58 59 Number Number Industry group and year Number Production workers 3 Payroll Number Man-hours 1 Wages 61 1,000 Value added b y manufacture Capital expenditures, new 65 Mil. dol. 1,000 Millions Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS 1970 _ 1969 _ 1968 _ 1967_ 1966. 32,518 13,514 1,619 1,653 1,632 1,650 1,643 11,698 11,135 10,497 10,077 9,542 1,105 1.132 1,114 1,122 1,098 2,216 2,265 2,234 2,259 2,240 7,095 6,782 6,390 6,063 5,676 32,289 29,997 28,202 26,621 24,896 2,144 1,917 1,740 1,730 1,692 9,162 9,028 8,637 8,593 8,363 1,095 1,095 1,098 1,119 1,138 2,233 2,270 2,228 2,287 2,317 5,446 5,367 5,159 5,060 4,934 23,538 25,053 21,826 20,870 20,124 1,476 1,413 1,249 1,235 1,044 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 37,521 14,113 1,641 1.646 1,643 1,683 1,702 I960. 1959. 1958. 1957. 1956. 41,970 14,890 1,719 1,718 1,718 1,688 1,706 8,210 7,910 7,622 7,141 6,964 1,155 1,155 1.153 1.133 1,167 2,348 2,345 2,310 2,304 2,378 4.857 4,702 4,549 4,244 4,202 19,753 18,646 17,701 16,347 15,939 1,034 1,078 1,021 923 887 42,373 13,648 1,674 1.647 1,455 1,480 1,474 6,544 6,200 5,267 5,098 4,819 1.154 1,138 1,059 1,075 1,079 2,344 2,316 2,160 2,216 2,218 3,940 3,758 3,436 3,313 3,143 14,790 13,767 11,938 11,340 10,579 798 788 545 527 687 1,493 1,463 1,461 4,415 4,199 3,833 2,218 2,222 2,368 1,068 2.858 2,707 2,617 888 981 804 10,104 9,426 9,116 3,485 3,371 2,804 649 723 821 932 1,075 1,077 1,112 802 891 800 1955.. 1954 ». 1953.. 1952._ 1951._ 36,829 38,237 I960. 1949. 1947. 1939. 1937. 1935. 38,466 19333_ 1931__ 1929._ 1927<_ 1925._ 40,325 48,729 55,325 48,947 48,151 768 777 872 796 793 1,203 1,104 1,062 669 647 741 668 667 624 740 896 817 799 2,413 2,745 3,340 2,840 2,718 1923. 1921. 51,173 51,502 818 760 1,084 1,016 676 621 792 742 2,506 2,120 71 72 74 75 72 448 411 396 377 356 63 63 65 66 64 119 117 121 126 122 362 329 323 304 289 2,489 2,221 2,141 2,032 1,872 56 61 50 53 58 75 79 77 76 78 349 353 331 328 317 66 70 69 67 69 125 138 132 134 135 285 291 272 265 258 1,766 1,772 1,681 1,642 1,590 59 59 54 49 49 81 83 85 88 93 313 304 295 284 279 73 75 76 81 85 142 145 147 151 156 258 255 248 240 237 1,546 1,480 1,414 1,246 1,173 47 53 48 42 47 95 93 94 271 260 253 241 230 88 87 87 86 86 166 163 166 163 162 230 220 213 202 192 1,083 1,004 987 868 856 27 28 29 22 18 93 101 112 213 208 206 85 93 103 160 174 198 177 174 175 806 779 641 18 22 36 42,802 43,667 48,763 48,982 TOBACCO MANUFACTURES 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 329 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. I960. 1959. 1958. 1957. 1956. 231 504 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. 1950. 1949. 1947. 380 391 1,086 1 Beginning 1947, for food and kindred products, excludes driver-salesmen in bakery products industry. N u m b e r of driver-salesmen for 1939 was at least 120,000. ! Beginning 1954, includes milk bottling plants. Value added for this industry in 1954 was $ 1 , 4 7 6 million. 3 Beginning 1933, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of ethyl alcohol. 4 Beginning 1927, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of vegetable cooking oils. 669 P 58-67 MANUFACTURES Series P 58-67. General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con. Establishments All employees Production workers Wages Value added by manufacture Capital expenditures, new Aggregate horsepower rating of power equipment 63 64 65 66 67 Millions Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. 1,000 Total With 20 employees or more Number Payroll Number Man-hours 58 59 60 61 62 Number Number 1,000 Mil. dol. 1,000 Industry group and year TOBACCO MANUFACTURES — Con. 1939... 1937. 1935 1933 1931... 765 852 890 804 1,228 96 98 96 91 87 82 71 59 88 92 91 87 100 69 70 59 51 69 1929 1927 1925 1923 1921 1,888 2,156 2,623 3,672 4,312 126 141 143 162 165 118 129 134 151 148 116 129 132 146 150 95 105 111 121 121 65 52 42 44 10,291 13,951 15,822 16,827 14,959 173 196 180 170 140 153 100 86 71 57 157 179 167 159 133 124 78 69 63 48 43 35 28 24 22 925 968 959 929 927 5,082 5,132 4,850 4,391 4,244 813 869 854 828 828 1,629 1,748 1,758 1,690 1,728 4,036 4,129 3,945 3,557 3,446 9,334 9,605 9,184 8,153 8,028 811 849 691 733 887 4,368 894 876 863 880 876 3,912 3,647 3,385 3,358 3,183 798 782 776 787 782 1,671 1,626 1,568 1,590 1,552 3,189 2,963 2,768 2,723 2,575 7,469 6,672 6,123 6,055 5,609 618 504 382 376 322 901 930 903 989 1,044 3,214 3,252 2,943 3,183 3,298 809 835 812 893 949 1,602 1,689 1,571 1,736 1,874 2,626 2,681 2,412 2,632 2,750 5,591 5,692 4,870 5,197 5,456 326 300 215 289 297 1,059 1,037 1,158 1,135 1,195 3,241 3,033 3,455 3,343 3,438 966 948 1,060 1,037 1,097 1,921 1,821 2,086 2,039 2,155 2,708 2,527 2,910 2,823 2,925 5,312 4,709 5.412 5,257 5,421 262 226 256 323 406 1,245 1,170 1,232 3,364 2,973 2,833 1.142 1,066 1,146 1,082 1,138 2,301 2,071 2,307 2,861 2,510 2,448 907 974 5,642 4,741 5,323 1,818 1,786 420 419 368 847 664 762 1,082 1,128 1,461 1,342 1,525 2,321 2,273 1919 1914 1909 1904.. 1899 350 325 284 250 370 100 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 1970 1969... 1968.. 1967 1966 _ 7,080 4,453 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 7,104 I960.. 1959. 1958 1 1957.. 1956 7,680 4,621 8,070 4,862 1955... 1954 1953 1952 1951.. 7,584 7,758 1950 1949 1947... 1939 1937 2_ 8,157 6,388 6,096 1935. 1933. 1931 _ 1929 1927 6,433 5,957 6,490 7,415 7,633 1,130 986 1,190 1,208 1,293 1,314 1,070 972 904 1,120 1.143 1925 1923 1921 1919 1914 7,892 8,249 7,695 7,869 6,756 1,201 1,263 1,072 1,139 1,013 1,272 1,345 1,071 1,108 476 1,135 1,190 1,012 1,076 976 1,093 1,152 916 932 417 2,212 2.413 1,824 2,300 781 1909 1904. 1899. 6,490 5,798 5,930 813 716 307 250 932 786 698 362 271 224 752 515 441 8,434 1 Beginning 1958, excludes establishments primarily producing hats, except cloth and millinery, and those primarily producing hard-surface floor covering except asbestos, plastic, or rubber; therefore, data are not entirely comparable with those for earlier years. The 1957 employment was 12,428 for the hats except millinery industries and 8,736 for the hard-surface floor covering industry. Also, prior to 1958, excludes estab- 670 5,043 4,463 3,670 4,146 4,173 3,987 3,783 3,248 2,717 lishments primarily engaged in shrinking and sponging of cloth; such establishments had 1,723 employees in 1958. 2 For 1937 and 1939, includes establishments that cut and stitch products from knit cloth made in separate mills of integrated companies. SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS Series P 58-67. General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con. Establishments Industry group and year P 58-67 Total Production workers All employees W i t h 20 employees Number Payroll Number Man-hours 61 Number Number Mil. dol. 1,000 Millions Wages Value added b y manufacture Capital expenditures, new 64 65 66 Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS 1970. 1969. 19681967. 1966- 26,393 12,705 1,341 1,381 1.356 1.357 1,360 6,267 6,402 6,012 5,582 5,207 1,171 1,210 1,194 1,200 1,202 2,119 2,203 2,177 2,179 2,213 4,806 4,944 4,681 4,341 4,038 11,598 11,571 10,881 10,064 9,181 300 311 267 208 4,955 4,684 4,423 4,162 3,877 1,183 1,147 1.133 1,085 1,066 2,179 2,107 2,053 1,952 1,891 3,878 3,640 3,482 3,224 3.000 8.684 8,163 7,861 7,135 6,707 168 123 129 98 80 206 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961- 28,457 13,011 1,335 1,303 1,280 1,235 1,214 1960._ 1959.. 1958 1957-_ 1956.. 29,363 13,034 1,238 1,237 1,181 1,264 1,271 3,865 3,827 3,587 3,664 3,612 1.089 1.090 1,042 1,123 1.134 1,932 1,990 1,837 1,989 2,031 3,012 3.001 2,771 2,867 2,842 6,587 6,495 6,001 6,067 5,973 84 88 91 107 88 31,472 13,380 1,248 1,190 1,227 1,143 1,123 3,408 3,202 3,358 3,079 2,955 1,117 1,070 1,106 1,018 1,002 2,000 2,684 2,521 2,652 2,404 2,295 5,650 5,166 5,415 4,849 4,699 86 77 60 55 69 1,151 1,161 1,082 2,765 2,717 2,525 1,005 1,009 973 753 693 1,815 1,813 1,811 2,170 2,094 2,015 656 63 54 84 600 4,176 4,245 4,440 1,386 1,245 631 513 531 606 571 545 366 503 687 673 1,123 826 1,370 1,927 1,878 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. 29,079 28,931 1,899 1,995 1,876 1,819 1950-. 1949._ 1947-. 1939 2 _ 1937 «_ 26,145 1935-_ 1933._ 1931-_ 1929__ 1927-. 18,952 14,801 19,750 22,470 22,077 681 648 901 859 1925 _ 1923192119191914- 18,609 20,333 20,049 22,501 18,015 635 586 640 618 816 733 769 356 515 545 515 554 548 602 627 584 578 270 1.685 1,748 1,408 1,618 682 1909. 1904. 1899_ 16,747 12,416 12,619 428 364 194 150 537 391 338 247 159 123 614 414 309 542 566 552 554 572 3,241 3,246 3,019 2,799 2,693 475 502 491 496 506 925 986 973 977 1,015 2,591 2,630 2,471 2,291 2,214 5,869 6,331 5,916 4,973 4,791 535 590 484 426 485 30,063 20,375 16,389 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS 19701969. 1968. 19671966. 36,795 5,803 1965. 1964. 1963 _ 1962. 1961. 36,150 5,765 572 559 563 553 556 2,586 2,436 2,339 2,170 2,084 507 490 497 493 494 1,009 985 979 972 961 2,124 2,048 1,943 1,780 1,714 4,474 4,365 4,021 3,644 3,413 482 362 395 300 242 1960-_ 1959-. 1958 <1957_ _ 1956__ 37,882 5,904 594 617 585 646 698 2,169 2,230 2,008 2,111 2,276 529 552 509 579 631 1,028 1.071 967 1.072 1,187 1,779 1,850 1,642 1,723 1,887 3,495 3,806 3,213 3,285 3,817 334 301 297 204 293 41,484 6,387 693 645 720 743 771 2,187 1,934 2,087 2,072 2,015 628 582 658 687 714 1,202 1,107 1,236 1,270 1,308 1,820 1,605 1,803 1,786 1,738 3,744 3,242 3,501 3,449 3,523 302 217 183 178 240 751 649 642 1,748 1,422 1,352 692 1,272 1,083 1,255 1,510 1,210 1,191 3,166 2,284 2,520 192 147 172 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. 1950 1949 «_ 1947 «. 41,506 "26^312 1 Prior t o 1958, excludes establishments producing hats, except cloth and millinery. In 1954, these establishments had 12,988 employees and $61,886 thousand value added by manufacture. Also prior to 1958, includes establishments primarily engaged in shrinking and sponging of cloth. In 1958, such establishments had 1,723 employees and $10,709 thousand value added by manufacture. 2 For 1937 and 1939, excludes establishments that cut and stitch products from knit cloth made in separate mills of integrated companies. 3 Horsepower of prime movers only. 601 601 4 Prior to 1958, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of hard ressed wood fiberboard and those primarily engaged in manufacturing fabricated ardboard products. 5 In 1949 and 1950, there was a significant undercoverage in the sample for this major group, especially in the logging camps and logging contractors industry. • For 1 9 3 7 - 1 9 4 7 , excludes logging contractors and independent logging camps not operating sawmills as well as establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of Venetian blinds. E 671 P 58-67 MANUFACTURES Series P 58-67. General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con, Establishments Production workers All employees Total With 20 employees or more Number Payroll Number Man-hours 58 59 60 61 62 63 Number Number 1,000 1,000 000 Millions Industry group and year Mil. dol. Wages Value added b y manufacture Capital expenditures, new Aggregate horsepower rating of power equipment 64 65 66 67 Mil. M dol. do Mil. M dol. do Mil. dol. 1,000 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS—Con. 1939 1937 1935 1933 1931 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1929 2 1927 1925 1923» 1921 1919 1914 4 1909 1904 189921 _ _ _ 13,208 11,747 11,280 8,456 11,141 423 438 384 294 327 355 369 283 182 277 731 714 542 379 524 2,998 759 748 815 820 681 603 602 674 693 521 632 632 693 701 483 1,322 1,179 1,333 1,399 853 3,674 3,332 3,473 3,336 715 718 774 410 663 672 758 596 563 668 349 347 272 209 1,299 647 708 578 437 3,410 3,176 437 456 433 425 429 2,691 2,693 2,453 2.258 2,188 361 381 364 358 361 715 761 733 716 735 1,938 1,968 1,793 1,654 1,621 4,876 5,031 4,562 4,170 3,990 231 190 178 198 186 407 388 377 368 351 2,013 1,845 1,727 1,638 1,503 342 324 315 307 293 699 663 640 632 590 1,487 1,375 1,290 1,205 1,097 3,612 3,227 3,068 2,841 2,568 151 108 110 96 77 364 368 354 375 376 1,531 1,522 1,414 1,432 1,417 304 309 292 311 315 615 628 575 618 638 1,124 1,131 1,039 1,049 1,057 2,619 2,614 2,396 2,514 2,510 76 84 83 84 92 366 341 361 332 336 1,329 1,197 1.259 1,123 1,077 309 287 310 285 290 627 571 629 589 590 996 893 973 853 818 2,306 1,998 2,047 1,904 1,804 79 62 59 55 56 346 310 316 1,013 862 807 296 270 278 189 199 617 549 584 774 653 642 187 202 1,667 1,412 1,346 418 424 68 41 77 133 91 147 276 266 274 193 322 615 569 415 314 340 211 20,928 14,949 16,878 16,471 16,548 651 649 726 746 566 35,872 37,949 44,822 29,308 32,456 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963_ 1962 1961 1960 1959 19581957 1956 . 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 _ - 1950 1949 1947 1939 5 1937 • 1935 1933 1931 1929 1927 1925 ' 1923 1921 1919 10,008 3,449 10,478 3,313 10,329 3,265 10,373 3,012 8,778 8,369 7,551 5,178 4,469 171 111 - 4,319 3,491 4,554 5,491 4,666 171 137 . 248 237 359 338 151 123 147 219 210 --- -- 4,776 4,532 4,326 4,821 4,844 232 217 162 183 169 321 293 214 214 110 204 192 142 160 149 254 232 165 162 84 562 510 347 366 174 142 127 98 73 58 40 151 116 82 4,337 3,497 2,614 Fo x ud ogg ng on a o and nd p nd n ogg ng amp no op a ng awm a w a ab hm n p ma y ngag d n manu a u o V n an b nd Fo x ud ab hm n p ma y ngag d n manu a u o wood and v h o k Fo va u add d b y manu a u on a ba ompa ab w h m on on n w ba m on Fo n ud ab hm n ngag d n manu a u o u mad o m a and o h ma a a w a wood gu o a y a n ud ab hm n mak ng wood n u on y B g nn ng x ud ab hm n p ma y ngag d n manu a u o w ndow and doo n Fo x ud ab hm n ngag d n manu a u o a h and h ng va u add d by manu a u on a ba ompa ab w h p o wa m on y a 672 D g zed o FRASER h p ase s ou s ed o g Fede a Rese ve Bank o S Lou s 1,265 949 566 504 456 403 345 B g nn ng n ud ab hm n p ma y ngag d n manu a u o m a on Fo va u add d b y manu a u on a ba ompa ab w h p o wa m on B g nn ng n ud ab hm n p ma y ngag d n manu a u o V n an b nd Fo va u add d by manu a u on a ba ompa ab w h p o y a wa m on Fo x ud ab hm n p ma y ngag d n manu a u o w ng ma h n a ab n and ab Fo x ud ab hm n p ma y ngag d n manu a u o w ndow and doo n Fo va u add d b y manu a u on a ba ompa ab w h p o y a wa m on pa y a SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS Series P 58-67. General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con. Establishments Industry group and year Production workers All employees Total W i t h 20 employees Number 58 59 60 Number P 58-67 Number Payroll Number Man-hours Wages 63 1,000 Mil. dol. 1,000 Millions Mil. dol. Value added b y manufacture Capital expenditures, 65 66 Mil. dol. Mil. dol. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS 1970. 1969, 1968. 1967. 1966. 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962_ 1961. 1960,. 1959._ 1958 i . 1957.. 1956__ 1955. 19541953. 1952. 1951 _ 5,890 3,812 5,713 3,552 5,259 5,004 4,334 4,406 659 670 643 639 634 5,374 5,200 4,750 4,436 4,236 520 531 510 508 503 1,076 1,128 1,086 1,071 1,076 3,850 3,757 3,436 3,206 3,071 11,590 11,426 10,466 9,756 9,417 1,397 1.421 1,238 1,585 1.422 610 593 588 576 570 3,896 3,686 3,508 3,336 3.179 485 471 468 460 456 ,029 ,007 989 971 958 2,829 2,678 2,551 2.424 2,315 8,464 7,806 7,396 6,997 6,660 1,186 902 709 742 685 575 569 551 563 563 3,089 2,998 2,759 2,721 2,616 461 459 445 458 461 964 977 927 956 982 2,235 2,201 2,022 2,010 1,952 6,509 6,393 5,669 5,724 5,610 659 686 634 767 750 546 528 533 482 495 2.419 2,205 2.180 1,878 1,823 451 436 442 402 415 968 920 950 868 1,818 1,657 1,647 1.425 1,389 5,141 4,630 4,463 3,883 4,180 556 533 397 371 389 478 447 454 1,607 1.420 1,295 401 377 392 270 267 874 801 857 1,240 083 018 315 310 3,438 2,777 2,913 888 299 315 407 236 173 217 282 264 518 606 782 686 1950.. 1949__ 1947 2. 1939 1937 •>_ 4,849 1935.1933-_ 1931 s . 1929.. 1927 2,945 2,697 2,917 2,973 2,851 267 221 313 220 258 246 373 344 236 196 197 229 218 1925. 1923. 1921 _ 1919. 1914- 2,614 2,582 2,511 2,558 2,344 242 241 202 227 182 327 317 256 268 114 216 214 181 203 164 256 244 198 208 87 612 564 392 517 201 1909. 19041899. 2,316 2,031 1,895 155 129 85 62 44 142 120 94 67 51 35 168 100 1,077 1,091 1,040 1,031 1,018 8,682 8,338 7,627 7,152 6,751 653 667 636 632 619 1,265 1,262 1,204 1,196 1,209 4,903 4,702 4,280 4,011 3,832 17,232 16,793 15,329 14,355 13,265 873 853 757 788 709 4,100 3,328 3,084 122 90 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING 1970. 1969. 196819671966. 37, 8,035 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 38,090 7,215 982 935 913 922 913 6,269 5,848 5,515 5,411 5,201 597 570 560 566 559 1,156 1,124 1.083 1.084 1,075 3,575 3,350 3,191 3,101 2,983 12,099 11,192 10,476 9,998 9,551 543 465 464 436 414 19601959. 1958. 1957. 1956. 35,457 6,859 907 885 865 867 854 5,065 4,812 4,489 4,295 4,118 560 553 531 533 527 1,082 1,054 998 1,019 1,017 2,935 2,799 2,596 2,466 2,386 9,342 8,788 7,973 7,913 7,547 420 403 422 327 289 32,530 6,054 823 804 760 773 765 3,837 3,620 3,387 3,267 3,068 507 499 474 471 474 985 961 924 999 991 2,225 2,014 1,909 1,791 6,938 6,403 5,916 5,660 5,289 254 237 195 189 244 763 756 715 2,909 2,744 2,276 472 462 438 1,019 994 1,702 1,569 1,318 4,907 4,659 4,249 244 254 226 195519541953195219511950-_ 1949-_ 1947 30,147 29,704 29,427 29,078 Beginning 1958, excludes hard pressed wood fiberboard mills. Beginning 1947, includes establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of tags. 3 Beginning 1939, includes establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of printed paper patterns and laminated enamel hard pressed insulating wallboards of vegetable fiber. I n 1939, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable with prior years was $870 million. 1 2 2,112 4 Beginning 1937, includes establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of fiber products, fiber conduits, and molded pulp products. In 1937, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable with prior years was $853 million. 6 Beginning 1931, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of papeteries. I n 1931, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable with prior years was $600 million. 6 Prior to 1947, includes establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of tags. 673 P 58-67 MANUFACTURES Series P 58-67. General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con. Establishments All employees Production workers Wages Value added by manufacture 1 Capital expenditures, new Aggregate horsepower rating of power equipment 63 64 65 66 67 MiUions Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. 1,000 Total With 20 employees or more Number Payroll Number Man-hours 58 59 60 61 62 Number Number 1,000 Mil. dol. 1,000 Industry group and year PRINTING AND PUBLISHING—Con. 1939' 1937 1935 1933' 1931 24,878 22,674 22,505 19,216 24,664 552 655 473 398 978 951 792 579 324 361 303 262 315 493 530 444 353 535 1,765 1,785 1,547 1,245 1,768 771 1929 1927 1925 1923 1921 27,364 25,876 23,646 22,897 22,669 566 524 497 481 428 1,139 1,027 924 838 718 358 331 817 310 284 636 589 544 494 436 2,233 1,936 1,757 1,627 1,306 649 570 486 430 1919 1914 1909.. 1904 1899 33,262 34,241 32,137 28,369 24,363 448 406 374 299 244 594 340 281 203 144 304 286 270 228 202 352 207 174 133 104 1,091 627 619 424 300 379 342 881 883 856 841 822 8,004 7,603 6,939 6,443 6,129 656 566 561 541 629 1,121 1,161 1,116 1,086 1,077 4,327 4,181 3,846 3,555 3,400 27,930 27,319 25,810 23,550 22,656 3,111 2,843 2,789 2,936 2,899 780 749 737 727 713 5,694 5,244 4,970 4,755 4,524 502 480 474 470 460 1,023 986 963 963 932 3,105 2,928 2,780 2,647 2,621 20,956 19,166 17,586 16,009 14,805 2,482 1,862 1,646 1,382 1,500 726 718 698 757 755 4,422 4,233 3,941 4,036 3,862 470 471 463 606 515 944 949 908 1,018 1,040 2,473 2,410 2,242 2,322 2,266 14,415 14,336 12,308 12,373 11,894 1,285 1,103 1,244 1,264 1,082 741 734 768 739 703 3,566 3,377 3,400 3,117 2,784 508 499 536 513 498 1,027 1,011 1,094 1,063 1,029 2,117 1,994 2,103 1,904 1,733 11,108 9,647 9,320 8,589 8,165 761 927 944 1,019 981 643 612 626 2,342 2,092 1,899 457 440 464 276 303 955 922 975 1,471 1,320 1,236 342 366 7,237 5,848 5,317 1,819 1,732 603 598 805 282 217 259 352 319 1,363 1,121 1,359 1,737 1,474 .. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS 1970 1969.. 1968 1967 1966. 11,799 4,348 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 11,996 3,986 1960 1959 1958... 1957 1956 11,372 3,753 11,074 3,959 1965 1954 1953 1952 1951 11,007 10,909 10,339 1960... 1949«... 1947 1989« 1937«. 1936 1933 » . . 1931 1929 8 1927 » 10,019 8,839 8,337 — 8,225 7,297 8,324 9,327 8,594 302 306 382 348 560 492 294 254 248 307 278 1925 » 1923 1921 1919 1914 8,160 8,253 8,208 10,688 10,698 340 279 388 269 459 369 497 192 261 264 212 294 208 297 286 218 306 106 1,320 1,185 834 1,198 457 1909 1904 1899 " . . . 10,380 8,370 7,669 235 191 170 144 103 80 185 158 144 82 56 51 401 286 212 •Printing and publishing—for 1909-1933, cost of contract work was subtracted from value of products in calculating value added by manufacture only for the industries in which it was significant. For 1899 and 1904, cost of contract work was not subtracted from value of products for any industries. In 1909, value added by manufacture on a basis comparable with prior years was $556 million. 2 Prior to 1939, includes establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of paper patterns. 3 For 1933, excludes establishments engaged solely in music publishing. 4 Beginning 1949, includes Government-owned plants operated by private firms for the account of the Federal Government. 'Beginning 1939, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of electrometallurgical products. In 1939, value added by manufacture on a basis comparable with prior years was $1,838 million. 6 Beginning 1937, excludes establishments primarily engaged in mining of rock salt or in smelting and refining of aluminium; in 1937, value added by manufacture on a 674 20~553" 13^521" 3,763 2,312 1,848 1,748 1,654 l,72i 1,459 basis comparable with prior years was $1,759 million. Also beginning 1937, excludes woods employees of the gum naval stores industry; in 1937, production workers numbered 30,880 with wages of $8.6 million. 'Beginning 1933, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of ethyl alcohol. 8 Beginning 1929, excludes establishments other than petroleum refineries engaged in manufacture of lubricating oils. 'Beginning 1927, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of vegetable cooking oils. 10 Beginning 1925, excludes certain establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of rubber cement. In 1925, value added by manufacture on a basis comparable with prior years was $1,321 million. 11 For 1899, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of candles. In 1904, value added by manufacture on a basis comparable with 1899 was $287 million. SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS Series P 58-67. General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con. Establishments Industry group and year P 58-67 Production workers All employees Total W i t h 20 employees Number 58 59 60 Number Number 1,000 Payroll Man-hours Number 62 Mil. dol. 1,000 Millions Wages Value added by manufacture Capital expenditures, new 64 65 66 Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 1,880 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 19611960_ 1959. 1958. 1957. 1956. 1955.. 1954 i. 1953.. 1952-. 1951__ 704 689 144 142 141 142 140 1,487 1,369 1,284 1,216 100 98 98 99 99 205 197 201 142 148 154 154 1,107 1.127 1,134 1,097 1,118 102 105 109 204 214 217 160 1,708 821 1,262 659 1,024 889 1,128 1,145 202 198 942 857 825 786 742 5,478 5,703 5,567 5,426 4,754 1,218 1,072 1,065 999 669 4,131 3,780 3,713 3,439 3,382 604 413 414 479 495 110 222 114 229 733 743 745 724 745 250 247 255 268 271 773 761 758 771 744 3,308 2,894 2,518 3,249 3,318 485 431 682 900 701 171 171 179 186 184 1,117 1,150 1,083 124 124 131 135 136 183 183 229 220 218 ,001 953 ,140 ,036 970 136 136 176 170 170 271 269 351 338 347 692 659 821 751 712 2,793 2,241 2,795 2,619 2,687 545 674 833 208 208 208 850 820 726 162 330 336 354 624 614 543 177 189 2,139 1,744 1,991 697 332 474 400 471 395 432 829 543 1.128 612 332 1950._ 1949__ 1947 2. 1939 1937.. 1,142 1935 K 1933.. 1931.. 1929 1927.. 928 835 859 922 645 124 103 187 141 116 202 100 143 113 140 180 159 1925. 1923, 1921. 19191914. 750 781 692 787 591 113 125 103 193 210 176 182 49 97 103 87 97 51 154 163 136 143 36 562 430 511 112 19091904 6 1899 » 590 376 308 51 39 31 34 23 16 46 36 29 27 19 14 76 57 37 546 567 542 517 492 3,999 4,026 3,705 3,287 3,072 427 451 430 410 391 849 916 875 800 2,759 2,846 2,624 2,313 2,174 8,503 8,431 7,730 6,800 6,277 828 857 760 677 600 2,814 2,457 2,364 2,250 2,019 369 341 329 314 288 747 696 659 637 577 1,985 1,799 1,672 1,585 1,402 5,681 4,991 4,654 4,316 3,916 516 399 344 354 283 1,411 1,227 934 167 165 108 116 118 60 105 90 91 112 RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 6,456 3,122 816 1965 _ 1964 _ 1963. 1962. 1961. 5,728 2,449 465 430 415 398 371 1960. 1959. 1958' 1957. 1956- 4,562 1,827 378 379 348 260 265 1,998 1,968 1,723 1,310 1,260 296 300 271 205 211 590 600 531 403 415 1,400 1,406 1,211 954 931 3,773 3,793 3,277 2,462 2,418 299 214 197 149 152 1,406 753 730 743 265 247 270 255 253 1,257 1,059 1,140 1,042 963 213 196 219 206 207 437 377 432 409 415 947 776 866 786 735 2,377 1,954 2,021 1,744 1,729 127 128 127 127 114 838 239 872 258 837 713 781 196 180 214 392 342 424 644 533 613 1,620 1,195 1,300 110 19551954_ 1953_ 1952. 1951_ 1950_ 1949. 1947. 222 1 Beginning 1954, excludes beehive and byproduct coke ovens. a For 1947, excludes byproduct coke plants operated in conjunction with public utilities manufacturing and distributing gas, and includes establishments primarily engaged in shipping lubricants and greases made from animal and vegetable oils. 3 Prior to 1939, excludes byproduct coke ovens owned by city gas companies. In 1939, such ovens represented less than 2 percent of the total value of products for this commodity group. 4 For 1935, excludes a few establishments primarily engaged in blending and compounding lubricating oils. 80 63 6 Beginning 1929, excludes lubricants not elsewhere classified and paving mixtures and blocks. In 1929, these industries represented 4 percent of the production workers and 5 percent of the value added b y manufacture for this commodity group. • For 1899 and 1904, excludes fuel briquets and roofing felts and coatings. I n 1909 these industries represented 6 percent of the production workers and 9 percent of the value added b y manufacture for this commodity group. 7 Beginning 1958, includes establishments engaged in molding plastics products for the trade and fabricating miscellaneous finished plastics products. 675 P 58-67 MANUFACTURES Series P 58-67. General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con. Establishments Industry group and year Production workers All employees Wages Value added by manufacture Capital expenditures, new Aggregate horsepower rating of power equipment 1 63 64 65 66 67 Millions Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. 1,000 Total With 20 employees or more Number Payroll Number Man-hours 58 59 60 61 62 Number Number 1,000 Mil. dol. 1,000 RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, N.E.c.—Con. 1939 1937.. 1935 1933... 1931 695 578 566 408 553 150 150 132 121 227 216 169 125 121 130 115 106 99 161 171 134 99 113 406 369 309 261 361 989 1929... 1927 1925 2 1923 1921 525 616 530 529 596 172 169 263 259 160 125 231 171 149 142 142 138 103 207 198 191 182 124 539 565 539 457 327 821 791 660 606 1919 1914 1909 1904 1899 677 342 367 365 301 206 89 56 48 39 279 60 33 25 19 159 74 49 44 37 194 44 25 20 15 544 138 75 68 40 429 199 125 86 71 296 327 334 329 341 1,526 1,593 1,582 1,459 1,426 261 291 298 293 303 480 538 561 549 574 1,184 1.252 1.253 1,147 1,125 2,820 2,898 2,912 2,627 2,481 63 64 79 62 62 .. . . . LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS 1970 .. 1969. 1968 . . . 1967... 1966 1965. 1964 1963 1962 1961 I960.. 1959 1958. 1957 1956 - 1955 1954 1953 . 1952 1951 - _ 3,685 1,967 4,047 2,073 336 327 328 346 351 1,348 1,286 1,228 1,256 1,225 299 292 292 308 312 563 553 543 569 568 1,065 1,022 982 1,000 970 2,322 2,265 2,079 2,102 2,041 47 38 35 36 35 4,549 2,227 358 363 349 362 367 1,227 1,246 1,146 1,157 1,149 317 324 310 323 329 582 601 566 590 607 972 993 912 939 939 2,044 2,121 1,898 1,892 1,882 35 34 32 32 37 4,845 2,267 366 357 375 361 354 1,102 1,027 1,099 1,016 945 330 321 338 324 318 613 587 630 605 576 896 834 987 834 768 1,778 1,641 1,711 1,597 1,475 37 28 25 19 22 385 375 383 949 892 874 342 338 349 327 329 629 610 677 773 722 725 294 308 1,499 1,387 1,533 583 584 26 30 31 336 302 333 254 351 350 444 444 311 282 273 319 316 280 223 262 360 365 530 452 524 774 781 4,352 4,981 4,827 6,423 6,798 314 394 341 385 469 214 314 346 280 350 308 355 390 315 364 170 751 797 610 898 353 5,785 5,476 5,785 340 284 265 191 141 117 311 266 250 156 121 102 325 246 187 5,012 4,883 1950 1949 1947 1939.. 1937... 4,903 1935 1933 1931.. 1929 1927 3.506 3,265 3,702 4,285 4,372 1925 1923 1921 1919 1914 5,308 3.505 3,249 .. 1909 1904 1899 1 2 Prior to 1939, for rubber and plastics products, excludes plastics products, Beginning 1925, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of rubber 676 587 505 461 436 420 413 413 383 311 cement and rubber toy balloons. In 1925t value added by manufacture on a basis comparable with prior years was $537 million. SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS Series P 58-67. General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con. Establishments Industrygroup and year P 58-67 All employees Production workers Total W i t h 20 employees Number Payroll 58 59 60 61 Number Number 1,000 Mil. dol. Number 1,000 Man-hours Wages Value added by manufacture Capital expenditures, new 63 64 65 66 Millions Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS 1970 _ 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966- 591 608 590 590 616 4,531 4,440 4,065 3,826 3,838 470 484 469 469 488 951 987 951 948 999 3,321 3,257 2,971 2,784 2,812 9,786 9,851 9,212 8,333 8,495 920 908 734 821 940 15,580 4,911 1965-. 1964.. 1963 1962.. 1961-- 15,838 4,655 605 581 574 573 567 3,602 3,369 3,213 3,103 2.938 480 459 456 463 457 981 949 929 939 923 2,640 2,447 2,350 2,280 2,153 7,996 7,493 7,044 6,589 6,288 773 627 608 549 554 1960-1959__ 1958 1957._ 1956-. 15,047 4,484 581 596 553 526 536 2,950 2.939 2,586 2,355 2,345 474 488 446 437 450 960 981 884 869 911 2,187 2,199 1,935 1,803 1,815 6,370 6,504 5,333 4,980 5,036 541 557 489 656 725 10,435 10,700 525 492 506 510 529 2,178 1,938 1,949 1,842 1,828 442 412 431 436 455 899 827 873 895 946 1,703 1,496 ,539 ,457 ,459 4,637 3,866 3,753 3,531 3,561 461 301 282 251 323 1950_. 1949-_ 1947 i1939 1937 i- 11,643 6,778 6,114 491 453 461 314 331 1,530 1,323 1,207 410 420 418 388 405 267 297 ,220 ,044 992 307 346 3,138 2,451 2,299 856 860 222 191 285 1935.. 1933_. 1931.. 1929_. 1927.. 5,846 4,757 6,549 8,788 8,574 265 293 372 390 548 575 235 175 234 331 348 228 144 250 436 463 600 404 616 1,054 1,023 1925. 192319211919_ 1914_ 8,491 8,209 8,227 12,326 14,793 392 389 282 331 405 565 544 377 397 249 351 349 251 295 335 466 451 305 324 206 1,043 990 605 680 379 1909 _ 1904. 1899_ 16,207 10,744 11,571 372 305 243 224 171 116 344 286 230 190 149 102 352 271 185 1,261 1,311 1,275 1,281 1,296 11,252 11,447 10,479 9,851 9,911 1,014 1,064 1,033 1,042 1,066 2,009 2,172 2,090 2,089 2.191 8,410 8,688 7,922 7,457 7,649 21,445 22,729 20,974 19,978 20,899 2,737 2,816 3,102 3,134 2,765 1,250 1,181 1.127 1.128 1,100 9,238 8,488 7,734 7,482 7,060 1,026 973 922 917 891 2,105 1,994 1,839 1,796 1,723 7,176 6,578 5,934 5,658 5,271 18,924 16,692 15,261 13,678 12,759 2,257 1,886 1,446 1,159 1,175 1,144 1,092 1,272 1,319 7,215 7,057 6,281 7,019 6,893 957 947 883 1,053 1,110 1,837 1,830 1,670 2,057 2,195 5,424 5,354 4,696 5,440 5,444 13,283 13,578 11,542 13,320 13,848 1,615 1,076 1,544 2,150 1,651 1,274 1,152 1,288 1,240 1,244 6,418 5,260 6,002 5,215 5,137 1,076 967 1,103 1,066 1,079 2.192 1,866 2,253 2,071 2,256 5,117 4,105 4,867 4.204 4,219 12,963 9,772 11,004 9,051 9,761 977 910 1,212 1,603 1,127 1,129 1,016 1,158 4,158 3,465 3,602 978 868 1,012 672 792 2,009 1,702 2,054 3,400 2,770 2,983 978 1.205 7,951 5,710 5,733 2,169 2,520 548 568 592 1955-_ 1954 1953_ _ 1952_ _ 1951-_ 11,162 778 838 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES 1970196919681967. 1966196519641963196219611960. 1959. 1958. 1957. 1956. 1955-. 1954 2. 1953-. 1952__ 1951-. 1950._ 1949 _ _ 1947.. 1939-_ 1937 s. 4,082 6,513 6,447 5,500 5,490 5,322 5,465 3,512 3,245 3,583 3,412 1 For 1939, 1947, and 1954, excludes establishments primarily engaged in producing ready-mixed concrete. I n 1958, the value added in such establishments represented 12 percent of the total value added for this commodity group and, in 1937, less than 1 percent. T h e value added at quarries operated in conjunction with manufacturing establishments (including value added in producing mineral products consumed in the same establishment) was $194 million in 1954, $361 million in 1958, and $321 million in 1963. 2 Beginning 1954, includes beehive and byproduct coke ovens. 1,222 9 For 1937, includes establishments primarily engaged in producing certain nonferrous bearings and aluminum products (ship bunks, ornamental metal work, stampings, novelties, valves and fittings, machined castings and tags) and excludes establishments primarily engaged in making electrometallurgical products, nonferrous die castings and forgings, cast aluminum cooking ware, and in the heat treatment of steel. I n 1939, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable with 1937 was $ 2 , 1 3 1 million. 677 P 58-67 MANUFACTURES Series P 58-67. General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con. Establishments Industry group and year Total Production workers All employees With 20 employees or more Number Payroll Man-hours Wages 62 58 Number Number Number Millions Mil. dol. Mil dol. Value added b y manufacture Capital expenditures, 65 66 Mil. dol. Mil. dol. FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 27,418 10,741 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 27,075 9,210 1960. 1959. 1958. 19571956. 24,783 8,323 1955. 1954. 1953. 1962. 1951. 1950. 1949. 1947. 1939.. 1937 i . 22,516 7,348 17,953 17,552 17,975 16,877 1,334 1,399 1,358 1,342 1,252 10,780 10,773 10,038 9,320 8,245 1,025 1,097 1,068 1,057 984 2,080 2,228 2,193 1,173 1,082 1,084 1,050 7,414 6,853 6,388 6,234 5,810 915 870 844 834 803 1,086 1,089 1,061 1,114 1,102 5,889 5,805 5,425 5,383 5,127 1,094 1,019 2,038 7,430 7,551 7,062 6,542 5,762 20,888 20,740 19,505 18,043 15,792 1,140 1,287 1,041 1,118 953 1,901 1,795 1,721 1,717 1,629 5,182 4,803 4,484 4,283 3,953 14,171 12,693 11,791 11,128 10,291 806 727 570 530 416 836 843 815 880 881 1,699 1,714 1,609 1,751 1,774 4,038 4,004 3,734 3,803 3,669 10,331 10,488 9,440 9,544 9,244 484 505 464 528 498 1,118 1,008 1,035 4,863 4,397 4,765 4,124 3,988 885 821 916 820 853 1,787 1,652 1,885 1,692 1,765 3,533 3,174 3,555 3,037 2,970 8,775 7,653 8,144 7,168 7,139 459 433 446 328 354 989 872 973 3,404 2,884 2,834 807 710 1,658 1,429 1,695 2,524 2,088 2,189 6,211 4,834 4,920 317 231 305 547 605 1,401 1,389 1,116 2,161 451 493 9,532 8,688 MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 37,892 10,627 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 33,703 1960. 1959. 1958. 1957. 1956. 29,868 7,363 25,600 7,521 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. 18,734 1950. 1949. 1947. 17,909 1939. 1937 3 8,860 7,327 17,910 8,426 1,891 1,944 1,849 1,865 1,804 16,638 16,442 14,755 14,226 13,470 1,306 1,377 1,320 1,349 1,310 2,624 2,830 2,701 2,785 2,796 10,222 10,402 9,428 9,236 8,843 31,814 32,009 28,778 27,836 27,035 1,855 1,866 1,743 1,868 1,658 1,653 1,539 1,459 1,451 1,382 11,742 10,607 9,571 9,202 8,405 1,196 1,109 1,045 1,035 984 2,515 2,327 2,151 22,762 20,302 17,311 16,106 14,240 1,228 1,961 7,660 6,892 6,209 5,825 5,248 1,426 1,414 1,350 1,707 1,717 8,482 8,203 7,314 9,050 8,897 1,014 1,022 956 1,266 1,308 2,045 2,062 1,856 2,573 2,717 5,398 5,310 4,654 6,061 6,156 14,410 14,582 12,414 15,978 16,176 701 607 670 1,038 888 1,064 1,541 1,691 1,651 1,604 7,812 7,186 7,876 7,380 6,729 1,222 1,171 1,307 1,284 1,260 2,513 2,368 2,744 2,733 2,693 5,438 4,977 5,686 5,352 4,914 13,753 12,333 13,381 12,807 11,219 653 714 755 1,368 1,295 1,552 5,063 4,559 4,830 1,064 1,005 1,249 2,183 2,013 2,591 3.609 3,175 3.610 8,765 7,689 7,834 337 351 518 770 970 2,037 2,366 1 For 1937, excludes establishments primarily engaged in producing lawn sprinklers, spun ware, nonferrous metal novelties, tackle blocks, aluminum ornamental work, aluminum stampings, and machine knives (except metalworking) and includes establishments primarily engaged in making caulking guns, toilet seats, brooders, cast aluminum cooking ware, and hair clippers. In 1939, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable with 1937 was $1,340 million. 2 Includes electrical machinery. 678 536 654 2,101 939 783 718 658 631 3 For 1937, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of thermostats and gauges, heat treating of steel, machine knives, and tackle blocks, and excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of vacuum cleaners, turbo-generators and water-wheel generator sets, hair clippers for animal use, brooders, nonferrous bearings, certain industrial furnaces and ovens, time-stamps and time-recording machines, dictating machines, certain valves and fittings (except plumbers'), and caulking guns. I n 1939, value added by manufacture on a basis comparable with 1937 was $1,990 million. SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS Series P 58-67. General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con. Establishments Industry group and year P 58-67 Total All employees With 20 employees 58 Number Production workers Value added b y manufacture Number Payroll Number Man-hours Wages 60 61 62 63 64 Mil. dol. 1,000 Millions Mil. dol. Number Capital expenditures, new 66 Mil. dol. Mil. dol. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 197019691968. 1967. 1966. 1,832 1,918 1,883 1,875 1,811 14,827 14,830 13,808 12,968 11,988 1,237 1,324 1,304 1,324 1,319 2,417 2,619 2,597 2,611 2,642 8,321 8,446 7,986 7,607 7,259 27,774 28,211 26,425 24,487 23,482 1,520 1,641 1,478 1,537 1,388 10,706 5,572 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962 _ 1961. 9,948 4,722 1,605 1,484 1,512 1,523 1,432 10,450 9,407 9,284 9,083 8,207 1,139 1,030 1,049 1,046 970 2,313 2,070 2,091 2,121 1,951 6,232 5,569 5,406 5,318 4,681 20,162 17,765 17,011 16,416 14,433 1,046 761 702 653 639 I960.. 1959-_ 1958 1957.. 1956-- 3,797 1,377 1,274 1,141 1,084 1,080 7,515 6,752 5,755 6,133 4,903 962 927 817 795 817 1,932 1,855 1,606 1,565 1,618 4,466 4,196 3,558 3,292 3,261 13,484 8,086 637 554 468 524 475 5,758 2,837 1,001 959 1,096 957 877 4,314 3,951 4,425 3,750 3,193 759 722 851 741 692 1,621 1,422 1,703 1,521 1,396 2,896 2,646 3,078 2,629 2,278 8,002 7,300 7,876 6,873 5,753 766 663 796 2,533 2,145 2,258 610 1,221 1,026 1,278 1,800 1,460 1,637 323 408 4,815 3,902 3,860 941 241 145 240 474 356 686 404 763 1,389 1,049 1955. 1954. 19531952_ 1951- 4,421 4,294 12,826 10,624 9,620 9,112 335 341 406 296 1950.. 1949.. 1947«. 1939«_ 1937.. 4,019 374 559 1935 s. 1933.. 1931.. 1929.1927 «_ 1,589 1,365 1,596 1,861 1,837 275 202 348 421 322 650 509 224 164 217 343 256 1925-_ 1923_. 1921.. 1919.. 1914.. 1,807 1,782 1,487 1,570 1,048 309 332 240 305 156 463 474 339 379 118 251 255 179 241 128 338 330 216 272 80 940 806 547 672 1909 1904.. 1899.. 1,027 798 592 111 75 49 73 45 26 93 64 43 52 34 121 21 80 44 1,689 1,920 1,888 1,834 1,830 16,073 17,651 16,811 15,174 14,852 1,201 2,393 2,823 2,893 2,746 2.844 10,230 11,455 11,135 9,918 9,858 29,990 34,053 32,866 28,174 28,277 1,612 1,943 1,599 13,273 11,887 11,406 11,334 10,113 1,241 1,108 1,129 1,056 2,640 2,370 2,356 2,367 2,157 8,813 7,772 7,389 7,169 6,313 26,331 22,734 21,854 20,872 17,433 1,506 1,177 981 856 720 3,970 1,979 1,597 212 506 635 248 306 195 187 225 1,102 201 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT 19701969. 1968. 1967_ 1966_ 7,483 3,354 1,398 1,377 1,337 1,355 1,822 1,880 19651964. 19631962. 1961. 7,180 2,852 1,684 1,563 1,551 1,601 1,506 1960-. 1959._ 1958 8_ 1957.1956-_ 6,634 2,674 1,593 1,615 1,562 1,901 1,793 10,360 10,254 9,186 10,491 9,707 1,161 1,172 1,139 1,402 1,358 2,393 2,454 2,275 2.845 2,793 6.842 6,696 6,037 7,178 6,743 18,369 18,084 15,315 18,492 16,633 731 723 630 723 1,142 5,349 2,318 1,813 1,706 1,912 1,650 1,469 9,407 8,300 8,987 7,423 6,067 1,418 1,328 1,530 1,317 1,200 2,959 2,711 3,155 2,750 2,448 6.843 6,006 6,731 5,585 4,672 17,071 13,428 14,534 12,042 9,789 1,437 925 710 1,218 1,140 1,175 4,680 4,098 3,695 1,006 936 981 545 662 2,060 3,657 3,163 2,921 867 1,029 8,547 7,054 5,842 1,773 1,987 343 264 353 195519541953. 19521951. 1950._ 1949-_ 1947._ 1939-_ 1937 3,393 2,780 3,703 2,012 1,958 Beginning 1958, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of household refrigerators and home and farm freezers; household laundry equipment and sewing machines; water heaters, except electric; and other household appliances. Excludes those primarily engaged in manufacture of hearing aids; high frequency, induction, and dielectric heating apparatus; commercial food warming equipment; industrial electric heating units and devices; and insulated wire and cable m a d e from 2 Included with machinery, except electrical. purchased wire. :> Beginning 1947, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of electric (dry) shavers. 4 Beginning 1939, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of vacuum cleaners, turbo-generators and water-wheel generator sets, dictating machines and electric industrial furnaces and ovens. I n 1939, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable with prior years was $1,000 million. 1 1,120 1,873 1,961 600 s Beginning 1935, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of certain types of beauty and barber shop equipment. 6 Beginning 1927, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of certain types of mechanical refrigerators. 7 Beginning 1909, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of signs and advertising novelties. 8 Beginning 1958, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of truck and bus bearings, convertible tops for automobiles, rebuilt automotive parts, and aircraft and related engine and power take-off gears and excludes those primarily engaged in manufacture of parachuteB. » For 1937, includes railroad repair shops. I n 1939, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable with 1937 was $1,794 million. 679 P 58-67 MANUFACTURES Series P 58-67. General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con. Establishments Industry group and year Total Production workers All employees W i t h 20 employees Payroll Number 59 Number Number 1,000 Number Man-hours 62 63 Mil. dol. Millions Wages Mil. dol. Value added by manufacture Capital expenditures, 65 66 Mil. dol. Mil. dol. INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 4,453 19651964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 3,949 I960.. 1959.1958 i . 1957.. 1956.. 3,518 1955-1954 s. 1953.1952-1951._ 2.509 262 271 266 266 249 1,343 329 308 306 308 316 2,228 2,014 1,913 1,871 1,908 226 209 208 206 208 452 421 417 416 415 1,275 1,149 1,101 1,051 1,037 5,002 4,314 3,992 3,690 3,574 232 192 192 178 179 1,189 326 311 286 307 297 1,908 1,783 1.510 1,571 1,458 217 214 197 211 211 437 432 390 428 426 1,067 1,033 898 947 897 3,641 3,410 2,781 2,872 2,690 162 145 115 146 145 283 273 286 279 253 1,295 1,200 1,233 1,179 202 196 406 391 434 420 390 814 760 824 779 671 2,367 2,131 2,169 1,995 1,608 106 94 90 226 205 245 813 683 706 342 306 390 532 447 502 108 113 1,389 1,123 1,141 333 298 64 58 56 84 108 60 82 79 74 46 66 108 103 200 142 201 301 274 1,614 984 1950.1949.. 1947 2. 1939»_ 1937 <_ 2,697 1935 5. 1933.. 1931-. 1929 «_ 1927 1,000 830 1,029 1,109 1,108 1925 8. 1923.. 1921.. 1919.. 1914 9_ 1909.. 1904.. 1899.. 2,605 1,292 1,026 405 413 400 394 362 3,358 3,272 3,002 2,822 1,001 212 205 190 169 156 194 85 84 502 535 525 530 494 1,746 1,757 1,625 1,569 1,426 7,905 7,676 7,174 6,418 5,833 436 388 397 392 307 50 85 "98" 149 1,286 1,593 1,592 2,037 1,572 109 71 124 127 109 125 50 73 77 67 91 60 91 92 78 93 36 263 245 189 236 98 1,239 1,027 1,101 46 35 26 18 51 42 32 28 21 15 73 46 32 429 449 431 423 418 2,685 2,665 2,461 2,291 2,150 337 363 349 344 340 643 690 669 662 666 1,752 1,796 1,667 1,553 1,463 5,433 5,296 4,951 4,599 4,338 253 240 209 214 181 416 394 391 378 375 2,042 1,924 1,812 1,705 1,608 340 315 315 305 303 661 631 613 597 585 1,393 1,314 1,254 1,163 1,097 4,092 3,763 3,562 3,330 3,082 166 137 131 130 113 374 376 365 495 506 1,655 1,556 1,467 588 591 559 776 814 1,091 1,084 1,034 1,313 1,324 3,003 2,888 2,678 3,327 3,305 111 1,861 301 305 291 403 417 489 467 844 682 519 1,734 1,625 3,232 2,375 1,711 404 385 686 564 432 783 748 1,368 862 1,225 1,149 2,366 1,731 1,233 3,042 2,746 5,272 3,984 2,842 488 447 463 1,452 1,263 1,205 404 370 396 800 728 811 1,055 917 918 2,534 2,109 2,066 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 1970. 1969. 196819671966- 14,072 3,845 1965_ 1964. 1963_ 19621961- 14,723 3,618 19601959. 1958 i 1957. 1956. 13,797 1955 i 1954_ 1953_ 1952_ 1951_ 195019491947_ 16,517 14,572 15,057 1,886 1 Beginning 1958, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of laboratory precision balances, laboratory furniture, revolution counters, operating room and other hospital furniture, surgical corsets, and hearing aids and excludes those pi imarily engaged in manufacture of sanitary napkins and tampons. 2 For 1947 and 1 9 5 4 - 1 9 7 0 , includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of automatic temperature controls. 3 Beginning 1939, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of thermostats and gauges and excludes those primarily engaged in manufacture of timerecording stamps and machines. In 1939, value added on a basis comparable with prior years was $314 million. 4 Beginning 1937, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of certain mechanical measuring instruments. I n 1937, value added by manufacture on a basis comparable with prior years was $295 million. 5 Beginning 1935, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of certain dental equipment and supplies (chairs, cabinets, and electrical devices). 680 1,102 111 124 122 158 117 115 205 155 77 107 6 Beginning 1929, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of gas machines. I n 1929, value added by manufacture on a basis comparable with prior 7 Beginning 1927, excludes dental laboratories operating years was $306 million. on a custom basis. In 1927, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable with prior years was $280 million. 8 Beginning 1925, excludes establishments primarily engaged in grinding lenses for spectacles and eyeglasses to individual prescription. 9 Beginning 1914, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of motion-picture machines. In 1914, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable 10 Includes ordnance. with prior years was $96 million. 11 Beginning 1958, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of plastics products not elsewhere classified, cork products, soda-fountain and bar equipment, and jewelry, instrument, and musical instrument cases and includes those primarily engaged in manufacture of linoleum and other hard surface floor covering, n.e.c. 12 Prior to 1955, includes ordnance and accessories. POWER EQUIPMENT AND SHIPMENTS Series P 68-73. P 68-92 Horsepower of Power Equipment in Manufacturing Industries: 1869 to 1962 [In thousands] Electric motors Electric motors Aggregate Year Prime movers 68 1962 1954 * 1939 1929 Total Driven by purchased energy 70 71 69 Aggregate Driven by per 100 energy production generated workers at establishment 72 126,783 91,505 44,827 33,844 105,728 72,337 28,816 21,794 21,054 19,1 6 8 16,011 12,050 i1,249 958 652 491 37,126 34,359 28,397 21,565 18,902 19,243 19,432 17, 858 29,153 25,092 15,612 8,392 18,224 15,116 8,965 3,707 10,929 9,976 6,647 4,684 473 437 333 326 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. i Figure comparable with 1954, based on 1954 industry coverage (see text), is 1,365. Figures for earlier censuses are comparable with 1962, except as noted in text. Series P 74-92. 1909 1904 1899 18,062 13,033 9,811 16,393 12,605 9,633 1899 1889 2 1879 2 __ 1869 2 10,988 10,805 5,939 3,410 2,346" 71 72 4,582 1,517 475 1,669 428 178 2,913 1,089 297 288 252 218 494 15 183 311 207 140 125 114 Nondurable goods industries 73 Includes hand trades and neighborhood industries. 2 As of December 31, except shipments are for calendar year] New orders Ratios of inventories to sales 74 70 Inventories Shipments Durable goods industries Total Value of Manufacturers' Shipments, Inventories, and Orders: 1947 to 1970 [In billions of dollars, except ratios. Total Aggregate Driven by per 100 energy production generated workers at establishment Driven by purchased energy 69 68 45,770 35,763 21,077 19,328 1914 Prime movers Year 73 151,498 108,100 49,893 41,122 1925 Aggregate Total 77 Durable goods industries 78 Non durable goods industries 80 Total Durable goods industries Nondurable goods industries 87 88 89 Total Durable goods industries Nondurable goods industries 90 91 92 Durable goods Nondurable goods Total Materials and supplies Work in process Fin ished goods 81 82 83 84 85 86 101 4 96 6 90 5 84 4 77.7 32.7 31.8 30.0 28.5 27.0 35 33 32 29 25 2 9 0 1 9 33 30 28 26 24 6 9 4 8 8 620 643 606 561 550 0 7 1 2 9 325 354 335 306 308 9 6 0 3 3 294 289 271 254 242 0 2 0 9 7 73 84 85 83 79 8 5 4 9 8 70 81 82 80 76 8 6 4 9 7 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 75 76 7 7 4 4 4 336.7 353.5 332.3 302.5 295.6 294.0 289.2 271.1 254.8 242.8 101 96 90 84 77 4 6 5 4 7 66 62 58 54 49 4 9 7 6 5 34 33 31 29 28 9 8 8 8 2 1.90 1 76 1 76 1 77 1 73 2 33 2 08 2 11 2 10 2.01 1 1 1 1 1 40 36 34 37 39 492 0 448 0 420 4 397 4 371.0 267.0 236.0 219.0 205.2 187.0 225.5 212.4 201.4 192.1 184.2 68 63 60 58 55 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 38 0 36.0 34 3 32 2 26 25 24 24 23 0 0 3 0 0 1 66 1 69 1 71 1.75 1 77 1 1 1 1 2 89 94 95 97 08 1 1 1 1 1 39 42 45 46 47 68 63 60 58 55 0 0 0 0 0 24.1 22.4 21.3 21.0 20.1 22 19 18 17 16 0 5 1 1 0 22 3 21 3 20.4 20 0 19 0 502 455 424 396 373 0 4 0 1 0 276 243 222 204 188 0 1 3 3 4 226 212 202 191 184 0 3 0 8 4 67 2 58 0 50.2 47 0 48 0 64 55 47 44 45 0 0 3 0 0 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 370 363 327 345 333 0 0 4 0 0 190.0 187.0 163.0 183.0 177.0 180.0 176.1 164.5 162.0 156.3 54 52 50 52 51 0 5 0 0 0 32 31 30 32 30 0 5 0 0 4 22.0 21 0 20 1 20 3 20 3 1 1 1 1 1 74 74 83 81 83 2 2 2 2 2 02 02 20 07 07 1.44 1 43 1 47 1 50 1 56 54 52 50 52 51 0 5 0 0 0 20.0 20.0 19.0 20.0 20.0 15 16 15 16 15 5 0 0 0 0 18 17 16 17 16 3 0 1 0 0 361 368 323 330 341 4 1 0 2 0 183 191 158 169 185 0 4 0 0 0 179 177 165 161 156 0 0 0 3 0 46 54 49 53 67 0 1 0 3 5 43 50 46 50 64 2 4 0 5 1 3.0 4.0 3.1 2.8 3.4 318 280 298 271 260 0 2 0 0 4 169.0 142.0 160.0 136.1 126.0 149.0 138.3 138.0 135.0 135.0 45 42 44 42 39 2 0 2 0 2 26 24 26 24 21 4 0 0 0 1 19 18 18 18 18 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 71 80 79 84 80 1 2 1 2 2 88 01 95 11 01 1 1 1 1 1 51 57 59 57 60 45 42 44 42 39 2 0 2 0 2 18.2 16.5 17.8 17.0 16.0 13 2 12 1 13 1 12.3 11 0 14 13 13 12 12 0 3 4 6 4 329 267 282 278 287 1 8 4 4 0 179 129 145 145 154 4 0 3 0 1 150 139 137 134 133 0 0 1 0 0 60 48 60 75 67 0 2 3 e 0 56 45 58 72 63 4 2 0 3 1 4.0 3.0 2.5 3.2 4.0 223 193 217 186 4 1 3 0 106.0 86.0 100.0 80.2 117.4 107.1 117.2 106.0 32 26 29 26 0 5 0 1 16 13 15 13 0 1 0 1 16 13 14 13 0 4 1 0 1 1 1 1 70 65 59 69 1 77 1 83 1 77 1.96 1 1 1 1 62 50 44 47 32 26 29 26 0 5 0 1 13.1 10.3 9 0 6 8 241.3 187 4 212 3 183 1 122 80 98 77 0 0 0 0 119 108 115 106 3 0 0 4 41 24 31 34 2 0 0 3 35.2 20 0 26 5 28 4 6.0 4.4 4.1 6.0 630 642 603 557 538 79 Inventories by stages of fabrication All manufacturing Total Unfilled orders * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 1 10 0 9 4 Ratios of average inventories to average monthly sales. 681 P 93-122 MANUFACTURES Series P 93-106. Manufacturing Corporations—Sales, Profits, and Stockholders' Equity: 1947 to 1970 [In billions of dollars] All manufacturing corporations Durable goods industries N e t profits Sales (net) Year N e t profits Before Federal income taxes After Federal income taxes 94 95 93 Nondurable goods industries Stockholders' equity 1 Cash dividends Retained earnings Sales (net) 96 97 98 99 N e t profits Before Federal income taxes After Federal mcome taxes 100 101 Stockholders' equity 1 Sales (net) 102 103 Before Federal income taxes After Federal income taxes 104 105 Stockholders' equity 1 106 1970 1969 2 1968 19671966 708.8 694.6 631.9 675.4 654.2 48.1 58.1 56.4 47.8 51.8 28.6 33.2 32.1 29.0 30.9 306.8 289.9 265.9 247.6 230.3 16.1 15.1 14.2 13.3 13.0 13.6 18.2 17.9 15.7 18.0 363.1 366.5 335.6 300.6 291.7 23.0 31.5 30.6 25.7 29.2 12.9 16.9 16.6 14.6 16.4 155.1 147.6 135.6 125.0 116.2 345.7 328.1 296.4 274.8 262.4 25.2 26.6 24.8 22.0 22.6 16.7 16.4 16.6 14.4 14.6 151.7 142.3 130.3 122.6 115.1 1965 1964 1968 1962 1961 492.2 443.1 412.7 389.9 356.4 46.5 39.6 34.9 31.9 27.6 27.6 23.2 19.5 • 17.7 15.3 211.7 199.8 189.7 181.4 172.6 12.0 10.8 9.9 9.3 8.6 15.5 12.4 9.6 8.4 6.8 257.0 226.3 209.0 195.5 175.2 26.2 21.2 18.5 16.7 13.6 14.6 11.6 9.5 8.6 6.9 105.4 98.5 93.3 89.1 84.9 235.2 216.8 203.6 194.4 181.2 20.3 18.3 16.4 15.1 13.9 13.0 11.6 10.0 9.2 8.5 106.3 101.3 96.3 92.3 87.7 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 345.7 338.0 306.3 320.0 307.3 27.5 29.7 22.7 28.2 29.8 15.2 16.3 12.7 15.4 16.2 165.4 157.1 147.4 141.1 131.6 8.3 7.9 7.4 7.6 7.4 6.9 8.4 6.3 7.9 8.8 173.9 169.4 148.6 166.0 159.5 14.0 16.8 11.4 15.8 16.5 7.0 8.1 5.8 7.9 8.3 82.3 77.9 72.8 70.5 65.2 171.8 168.6 156.7 154.1 147.8 13.5 13.9 11.3 12.4 13.2 8.2 8.3 6.9 7.5 7.8 83.1 79.2 74.6 70.6 66.4 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 278.4 248.5 265.9 250.2 245.0 28.6 20.9 24.4 22.9 27.4 15.1 11.2 11.3 10.7 11.9 120.1 113.1 108.2 103.7 98.3 6.8 5.9 5.6 6.5 5.5 8.3 5.3 5.7 6.2 6.3 142.1 122.8 137.9 122.0 116.8 16.5 11.4 14.0 12.9 15.4 8.1 6.6 5.8 5.5 6.1 58.8 54.9 52.4 49.8 47.2 136.3 125.7 128.0 128.0 128.1 12.1 9.6 10.4 10.0 12.1 7.0 5.6 5.5 6.2 5.7 61.3 58.2 65.7 53.9 51.1 1960 1949 1948 1947 181.9 154.9 165.6 150.7 23.2 14.4 18.4 16.6 12.9 9.0 11.6 10.1 83.3 77.6 72.2 65.1 5.7 4.5 4.3 3.7 7.2 4.5 7.2 6.4 86.8 70.3 76.3 66.6 12.9 7.6 8.9 7.6 6.7 4.5 5.4 4.5 39.9 37.0 34.1 31.1 95.1 84.6 90.4 84.1 10.3 7.0 9.5 9.0 6.1 4.6 6.2 6.6 43.5 40.6 38.1 34.0 1 Annual data are average equity for the year (using four end-of-quarter Series P 107-122. figures). 1 Beginning 1969, includes newspapers. Capital in Manufacturing Industries: 1863 to 1970 [In billions of dollars] Depreciation on structures and equipment Purchases of structures and equipment In current dollars In current dollars In 1958 dollars Real net value of assets in 1958 dollars In 1958 dollars Govern- Total Structures Equipment Total Structures Equipment Total Structures Equipment Total Structures Equipment Structures and equipment 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 Year Structures Equipment owned, privately operated 1 121 122 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 22.4 22.6 20.9 21.7 20.4 5.7 5.8 5.3 5.7 5.2 16.6 16.7 15.6 16.0 15.2 17.0 18.1 17.6 18.7 18.2 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.4 13.3 14.0 13.4 14.0 13.7 18.2 16.4 14.9 13.6 12.4 4.8 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.3 13.3 12.1 11.0 10.1 9.0 13.7 13.1 12.4 11.7 11.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 10.6 10.0 9.4 8.8 8.2 101.5 99.2 95.2 91.3 85.4 38.8 38.2 37.1 36.0 34.3 62.7 61.0 58.1 55.3 51.1 5.2 5.8 6.2 6.4 6.4 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961... 16.7 13.4 11.6 10.6 9.9 4.2 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.7 12.6 10.2 8.5 7.9 7.2 15.4 12.6 11.0 10.2 9.6 3.7 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.7 11.7 9.7 8.2 7.6 7.0 11.3 10.6 10.2 9.9 9.6 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7 8.2 7.7 7.3 7.2 7.0 10.3 9.9 9.6 9.4 9.3 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 7.6 7.3 7.0 6.8 6.7 79.0 74.5 72.2 71.2 70.7 32.7 31.8 31.6 31.4 31.5 46.2 42.7 40.7 39.8 39.3 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.8 7.1 1960* 1959 1958 1957 1966 10.3 9.0 9.7 12.3 11.4 2.8 2.6 3.3 3.9 3.5 7.4 6.6 6.6 8.4 7.9 10.0 8.8 9.7 12.5 12.3 2.8 2.4 3.3 3.9 3.7 7.2 6.4 6.5 8.6 8.6 9.4 9.1 8.8 8.3 7.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.2 6.8 6.6 6.3 5.9 5.2 9.1 8.9 8.8 8.5 8.1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.7 70.6 70.1 70.9 70.8 67.8 31.3 31.2 31.4 30.9 29.7 39.3 39.0 39.5 39.9 38.1 7.4 8.0 8.7 9.4 10.0 '8.6 8.5 8.4 8.0 8.0 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.5 6.4 10.0 10.1 10.0 9.8 9.9 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 7.1 7.2 7.1 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.1 5.8 6.4 5.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 4.6 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.2 7.7 7.4 7.0 6.7 6.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.5 4.1 64.5 62.8 61.0 58.9 66.8 28.7 28.1 27.8 27.3 26.8 35.8 34.7 33.2 31.6 30.0 10.3 10.1 9.3 8.7 8.7 5.6 5.6 6.8 6.7 5.2 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.4 4.0 3.9 4.6 4.3 2.8 7.5 7.8 9.9 10.6 9.5 2.1 2.4 3.0 3.6 4.4 5.5 5.4 6.8 6.9 5.1 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.0 2.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.1 2.7 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.3 6.0 5.7 5.3 4.8 4.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 3.8 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.4 63.9 52.8 50.9 45.9 38.7 26.0 25.9 25.2 23.2 20.6 27.9 26.9 25.8 22.6 18.1 8.8 9.7 11.4 14.3 18.0 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 " See footnotes at end of table. 682 CAPITAL Series P 107-122. P 107-122 Capital in Manufacturing Industries: 1863 to 1970—Con. [In billions of dollars] Depreciation on structures and equipment Purchases of structures and equipment In current dollars In 1958 dollars In current dollars Real net value of assets in 1958 dollars In 1958 dollars Total Structures Equipment Total Structures Equipment Total Structures Equipment Total Structures Equipment Structures and equipment 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 Year GovemStructures Equipment owned. privately operated 1 120 121 122 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 2.9 1.7 1.4 1.7 2.6 0.8 .3 .2 .5 1.1 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.6 5.5 3.2 2.5 3.3 6.0 1.7 .6 .4 1.1 2.9 3.7 2.6 2.1 2.2 3.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 31.7 29.9 30.5 31.9 32.7 16.6 16.3 17.4 18.8 19.5 15.1 13.6 13.1 13.2 13.2 22.8 23.5 22.2 16.0 5.0 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.8 1.3 .7 .4 .4 .7 .4 1.3 .9 .8 1.1 .9 4.7 3.5 2.9 4.7 3.7 2.0 1.4 1.1 2.1 1.4 2.8 2.1 1.8 2.6 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .9 .8 .9 .8 .8 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 30.7 29.8 30.1 31.0 30.1 18.5 18.3 18.7 19.4 19.2 12.2 11.5 11.4 11.6 10.9 1.0 .9 .8 .6 .4 .9 .2 .3 .3 .1 .3 .6 .5 .3 .3 .6 2.6 2.3 2.2 1.4 2.8 .9 1.1 1.1 .5 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.0 .9 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .7 .8 .7 .8 .8 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 30.2 31.4 33.0 34.9 37.8 19.7 20.7 21.7 22.7 24.4 10.5 10.7 11.3 12.2 13.4 1.7 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.8 .8 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 .8 .9 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 4.8 7.3 6.3 5.7 6.0 4.8 2.7 4.4 3.7 3.2 3.3 2.3 2.1 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 .8 .8 .8 .7 .7 .7 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.0 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 39.6 39.6 37.2 35.5 34.4 32.7 25.5 25.3 23.3 22.0 21.1 20.0 14.1 14.3 13.9 13.5 13.3 12.8 1935--.. 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 Purchases of structures and equipment - — — - _ - — — In 1958 dollars Total Structures Equipment Total Structures Equipment Total Structures Equipment Total Structures Equipment 107 108 109 110 111 112 107 108 109 110 111 112 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.4 0.7 .9 .7 .8 0.9 1.0 .7 .6 4.2 4.9 4.2 3.9 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.4 1.8 1.4 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 2.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.4 .7 .5 .5 .4 1.1 .9 .9 .7 .6 5.4 3.9 3.6 4.1 4.0 3.1 2.0 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.0 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 .6 .6 .9 .9 .7 .3 .3 .5 .5 .4 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 3.1 3.4 4.6 4.6 3.9 1.7 2.1 2.9 3.1 2.6 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.3 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 .7 .7 .5 .7 .7 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .3 .3 4.1 3.7 3.2 3.7 3.6 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.7 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 .5 .5 .6 .6 .4 .3 .2 .3 .3 .2 .3 .2 .3 .2 .2 3.0 2.7 3.7 3.5 2.6 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.3 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.1 1900 1899 1898 1897 1896 .4 .3 .3 .3 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.7 3.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.1 1.1 .8 .7 .7 1.0 1895 1894_ .3 .3 .2 .2 .1 .1 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.4 .8 .6 - In current dollars Year 1924 1923 1922 1921 c _ Purchases of structures and equipment In 1958 dollars In current dollars Year - Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. Represents zero. Z Less than $50 million. 1893 1892 1891 0.3 .3 .3 0.2 .2 .2 0.1 .1 .1 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 0.7 .8 .7 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886 .3 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 2.0 1.6 1.1 1.0 .7 1.3 1.0 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .4 .3 1885 1884 1883 1882 1881 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .7 .9 .8 .9 .8 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .2 .3 .3 .4 .4 1880... 1879 1878 1877 1876 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 (Z) (Z) 1.1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) .2 .4 .4 .4 .4 .2 .3 .4 .3 .3 .1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) .4 .3 .2 .2 .1 .4 .3 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 1875 1874 1873 1872 1871 (Z) 1870 1869 1868 1867 1866 (Z) (Z) (Z) 1865 1864 1863 (Z) (Z) (Z) L .1 .1 (Z) (z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) — (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) .1 .1 .1 .1 (Z) (Z) (Z) Includes both structures and equipment, all agencies. 683 P 123-176 MANUFACTURES Series P 123-176. Capital in Manufacturing Industries, in Book Value and in 1929 Dollars (Creamer): 1879 to 1957 [In millions of dollars] Industry 1957 1953 >*> 1948 i * 1937 i 1929 i 1919 « 1914 » 1909 < 1904 « 11,588 1899 < 1899 « 1889 5 1879 » BOOK VALUE 214,613 166,224 113,617 50,166 59,072 40,289 20,784 16,937 8,168 8,663 5,697 97,210 117,403 70,605 95,619 45,891 67,726 23,282 26,884 27,410 31,662 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 5,596 5,992 (NA) (NA) 4,223 4,440 2,646 3,051 Food and kindred products.. Bakery and confectionery Canned products Mill products Packinghouse products Sugar Liquor and beverages Tobacco products Other food products 22,495 19,921 4,282 3,044 3,900 16,071 1,757 1,681 1,060 1,975 780 3,158 2,330 3,302 8,069 1,131 820 496 1,114 599 1,871 961 1,577 8,881 1,568 853 471 1,385 1,053 692 1,150 1,709 6,272 911 378 802 1,185 473 782 605 1,136 3,668 426 172 380 537 316 1,016 304 517 2,935 295 119 349 378 283 873 246 392 2,230 173 90 265 238 221 660 324 259 1,576 114 59 189 189 204 516 112 193 1,647 123 59 219 189 204 534 124 195 925 72 25 208 117 24 310 96 73 498 28 9 177 49 28 136 40 32 Textiles and textile products Cotton goods Silk and rayon goods Woolen and worsted goods Carpets, floorcovering, tapestries, etc. Knit £oods Clothing — Textiles, n.e.c.6 12,417 12,077 10,397 3,693 4,049 3,924 483 929 3,018 2,253 4,770 866 441 415 199 433 1,036 1,380 7,687 1,603 869 601 262 709 1,758 1,887 6,205 2,145 533 868 179 516 1,447 517 2,881 1,039 210 403 112 216 633 268 2,550 936 152 429 97 164 568 204 1,783 702 110 313 69 107 345 137 1,366 528 81 264 53 82 257 101 1,494 528 81 264 53 82 350 136 1,119 392 51 203 43 51 292 87 602 246 19 117 25 16 114 65 Leather products. _ Boots and shoes Other leather products- 1,542 1,394 1,303 710 592 751 410 341 1,167 625 542 1,523 581 942 743 255 488 659 197 462 452 123 329 335 100 235 369 102 267 274 95 179 157 43 114 Rubber products- . Tires and tubes Other rubber products _ 3,369 2,614 1,791 1,383 361 795 586 209 1,088 918 170 960 635 325 268 130 138 162 99 78 78 37 9 Forest products Sawmill and planing mill productsOther wood products 8,226 6,347 4,820 3,000 1,805 2,405 1,562 843 3,842 2,660 1,182 2,726 1,730 996 1,932 1,193 739 1,767 1,122 645 1,174 694 480 872 520 352 1,110 731 379 825 518 307 361 219 142 Paper, pulp, and products 8,161 5,499 3,692 1,942 2,060 1,195 689 523 354 218 219 115 58 6,632 5,202 3,984 2,320 2,622 1,189 745 611 450 342 342 234 80 19,138 14,450 9,109 334 2,580 3,537 198 1,125 3,942 335 973 2,594 312 941 1,280 217 390 911 122 273 634 69 194 457 61 144 458 61 145 288 41 96 137 18 49 5,917 2,214 2,634 1,341 673 516 371 252 252 151 70 15,363 5,814 5,745 1,170 326 182 136 95 95 77 27 Total manufacturing capital. Fixed capital Working capital- Printing, publishing, and allied in< dustries Chemicals and allied substances. - . Fertilizers. Chemicals proper, acids, etc Allied chemical substances, drugs, oils, etc Petroleum refining 30,174 2,826 19,960 2,718 6,681 4,482 2,934 1,825 2,351 1,267 990 860 554 336 351 217 83 Iron and steel and products Iron and steel Metal building materials and supplies _ Hardware, tools, etc 26,572 20,212 13,609 9,521 2,309 1,177 6,383 4,394 805 1,184 6,226 4,155 756 1,315 5,671 4,456 665 549 2,836 2,147 417 273 2,411 1,845 340 225 1,544 1,185 202 156 870 657 97 116 860 657 87 117 646 469 73 104 318 258 10 49 Nonferrous metals and products Precious metals, products and processes Other metals, products and processes 6,516 4,288 2,655 515 2,663 2,090 247 1,843 2,194 352 1,842 1,484 315 1,169 827 196 631 705 181 524 455 126 329 360 97 263 381 97 284 187 70 117 86 29 67 29,735 24,104 14,674 4,979 5,833 4,700 2,331 1,860 1,309 924 924 557 242 10,014 8,936 4,874 1,745 815 1,120 749 413 1,514 730 430 963 367 167 390 339 95 282 256 72 183 197 41 87 158 24 86 158 24 19 145 8 2 62 6 6,962 2,697 3,169 3,203 1,607 1,250 888 655 656 385 172 23,117 12,680 17,885 9,982 8,944 6,006 927 1,114 3,294 2,504 610 180 3,264 2,575 578 111 2,326 1,816 491 18 685 426 259 390 184 206 169 29 139 173 36 137 167 30 137 73 2 71 9 9,839 7,789 4,271 1,192 2,168 1,007 583 411 245 166 168 123 51 Stone, clay, and glass products. Machinery, excluding transportation equipment Electrical machinery and equipment; radios Agricultural machinery Office equipment, etc Factory, household, and miscellaneous machinery Transportation equipment Motor vehicles Locomotive and railroad equipmentAirplanes Miscellaneous manufacturing. See footnotes at end of table. 684 9 CAPITAL Series P 123-176. P 123-176 Capital in Manufacturing Industries, in Book Value and in 1929 Dollars (Creamer): 1879 to 1957—Con. [In millions of dollars] Industry 1953 is* 1948 > 2 1937 1 1929 1 1919 * 1914 i 1909 * 1904 < 1899 ' 1899 5 1889 • 1879 « 4,821 1929 DOLLARS Total manufacturing capital. Fixed capital Working capitalFood and kindred products. Bakery and confectionery Canned products Mill products Packinghouse products Sugar Liquor and beverages Tobacco products Other food products Textiles and textile products Cotton goods Silk and rayon goods Woolen and worsted goods Carpets, floorcovering, tapestries, etc_ Knit goods Clothing Textiles, n.e.c.6 110,455 97,843 78,067 55,319 63,022 46,094 36,737 31,563 23,295 17,452 18,626 11,157 51,061 59,394 43,862 53,981 36,639 41,428 25,851 29,468 30,853 32,169 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 12,316 10,979 (NA) (NA) 9,651 8,975 5,553 6,336 13,361 12,878 3,092 1,948 3,233 1,907 10,488 1,146 1,097 691 1,288 509 2,061 1,520 2,154 9,180 1,287 933 564 1,267 681 1,560 1,093 1,794 9,591 1,693 921 509 1,496 1,137 747 1,242 1,846 7,593 1,103 458 971 1,435 573 947 732 1,375 6,515 757 306 675 954 561 1,805 540 918 5,517 555 224 656 711 532 1,641 462 737 4,656 361 188 553 497 461 1,378 676 541 3,598 256 135 432 432 466 1,178 256 441 3,760 281 135 500 432 466 1,219 283 445 1,839 143 50 414 233 48 616 191 145 897 50 16 319 88 50 243 72 58 7,758 7,846 6,892 2,447 2,657 2,638 320 616 2,001 1,493 5,638 1,024 521 491 235 512 1,225 1,631 8,195 1,709 926 641 279 756 1,874 2,012 6,752 2,334 580 945 195 561 1,575 563 5,163 1,862 376 722 201 387 1,134 480 4,636 1,702 276 780 176 298 1,033 371 3,482 1,371 215 611 135 209 674 268 2,876 1,112 171 556 112 173 541 213 3,145 1,112 171 556 112 173 737 286 2,024 709 92 367 78 92 528 157 998 408 32 194 41 27 189 108 817 445 371 808 441 367 1,213 650 563 1,411 538 873 1,351 464 887 1,359 406 953 1,066 290 776 809 242 568 891 246 645 640 222 418 328 90 238 Leather products. _ Boots and shoes Other leather products. 940 Rubber products. _ Tires and tubes Other rubber products. 1,842 1,660 1,422 1,098 287 816 602 215 1,131 954 177 704 466 238 265 129 136 139 93 74 74 36 10 Forest products Sawmill and planing mill productsOther wood products 3,634 3,252 2,934 1,826 1,099 2,548 1,655 893 4,083 2,827 1,256 3,155 2,002 1,153 3,475 2,146 1,329 3,591 2,280 1,311 2,662 1,574 1,088 2,253 1,344 910 2,868 1,889 979 1,950 1,225 726 847 514 333 Paper, pulp, and products 4,039 3,086 2,476 2,062 2,239 1,524 1,246 1,002 670 453 455 200 90 Printing, publishing, and allied industries Chemicals and allied substances... Fertilizers Chemicals proper, acids, etc Allied chemical substances, drugs, oils, etc Petroleum refining Stone, clay, and glass products Iron and steel and products Iron and steel Metal building materials and suppliesHardware, tools, etc Nonferrous metals and products Precious metals, products and processesOther metals, products and processes Machinery, excluding transportation equipment Electrical machinery and equipment; radios Agricultural machinery Office equipment, etc Factory, household, and miscellaneous machinery Transportation equipment Motor vehicles Locomotive and railroad equipmentAirplanes Miscellaneous manufacturing_ 2,832 2,622 2,571 2,505 2,737 1,556 1,444 1,265 939 801 801 466 144 10,564 8,845 6,487 237 1,830 3,965 222 1,261 4,221 359 1,042 2,777 334 1,007 2,078 352 633 1,531 205 459 1,134 123 347 869 116 274 871 116 276 478 68 159 206 27 74 4,196 2,482 2,820 1,436 1,093 867 664 479 479 251 105 16,134 12,455 11,188 6,503 6,092 1,380 552 327 254 195 195 151 37 3,375 2,631 2,128 1,975 2,592 1,676 1,937 1,755 1,138 709 741 408 156 13,090 11,701 9,649 6,598 1,600 816 6,719 4,625 847 1,246 6,666 4,449 809 1,408 6,735 5,292 790 652 5,166 3,911 760 497 4,305 3,295 607 402 2,886 2,215 378 292 1,599 1,208 178 213 1,581 1,208 160 215 1,143 830 129 184 472 383 15 73 3,229 2,508 1,837 379 1,960 2,338 276 2,062 2,364 379 1,985 1,808 384 1,424 1,365 323 1,041 1,203 309 894 804 223 581 610 164 446 646 164 481 276 103 173 116 39 77 14,388 13,773 10,352 5,286 6,166 5,595 4,293 3,654 2,710 1,917 1,917 1,160 414 5,099 5,517 3,438 1,226 573 1,189 795 438 1,600 772 455 1,146 437 199 718 624 175 554 503 141 379 408 85 180 328 50 178 328 50 40 302 17 3 106 10 4,892 2,863 3,339 3,813 2,775 2,456 1,839 1,359 1,361 802 295 10,450 6,150 9,387 5,425 6,017 4,016 618 743 3,672 2,792 680 201 3,476 2,742 616 118 2,480 1,936 523 19 991 616 375 567 267 299 333 57 274 349 73 276 337 60 276 156 4 152 17 4,819 4,378 2,809 1,304 2,256 948 896 712 468 340 344 230 89 N A Not available. 1 Covers factories having annual production of $5,000 or more. 2 Some minor groups are not adjusted for investment in emergency facilities after "normal" depreciation or intangible assets. Therefore, sum of detail does not equal totals. 3 4 6 6 17 Includes firms engaged in shipbuilding which were excluded in other years. Covers factories having annual production of $500 or more. Includes custom and neighborhood shops. N.e.c. means not elsewhere classified. 685 P 177-196 MANUFACTURES Series P 177-180. Series No. 177 178 179 180 Share of Total Value Added by Manufacture Accounted for by the 200 Largest Manufacturing Companies: 1947 to 1970 Percent of total value added b y manufacture Company rank group Largest T.argent, Largest Largest 1970 24 33 38 43 50 companies 100 companies 150 companies 200 companies Series P 181-196. 1967 1966 25 33 38 42 25 33 38 42 1962 1963 25 33 37 41 1958 24 32 36 40 1954 23 30 35 38 1947 23 30 34 37 Share of Total Value Added by Manufacture Accounted For by the 50 and 100 Largest Identical Manufacturing Companies: 1947 to 1970 Specified year and company rank group Percent of value added b y manufacture in each year accounted for b y the largest companies in the specified year shown in stub 1970 1966 1967 1963 1962 1958 1954 1970 Largest 60 companies 31 24 31 23 29 22 20 26 19 25 24 32 25 33 25 33 24 32 24 31 22 21 28 23 31 24 32 25 33 24 32 24 31 22 21 28 23 31 24 32 24 33 25 33 24 23 30 22 25 25 32 24 32 23 30 22 24 Largest 100 companies 29 1967 Largest 50 companies 29 Largest 100 companies 1966 Largest 50 companies 29 Largest 100 companies 1963 Largest 60 companies Largest 100 companies 1962 23 31 29 Largest 50 companies Largest 100 companies 22 23 31 24 31 24 24 31 23 30 23 29 21 28 23 31 23 31 24 31 23 30 23 30 23 30 19 20 21 21 21 20 27 21 29 1958 Largest 50 companies Largest 100 companies 1954 Largest 50 companies Largest 100 companies 1947 Largest Largest 50 100companies companies 686 17 23 27 30 26 27 27 28 27 27 CONCENTRATION AND LEGAL ORGANIZATION Series P 197-204. P 197-211 Concentration in Manufacturing, by Industry Group: 1901, 1947, and 1954 [Concentration ratio is defined as the percent of total "4-digit" SIC industry sales (or value added) made by 4 largest sellers. Value added by 4-digit industries with concentration ratio over 50 as percent of value added by all industries in a 2-digit industry group Industry group (1947 and 1954 census classification) Average concentration ratios 1947 valueadded weights 1954 valueadded weights 1947 employment weights 1901 > 1947' 1947 1954 • 1947 197 198 199 200 201 Total, all industries, value-added weights. 32.9 35.3 24.0 36.9 39.1 49.9 20.3 .5 Furniture and fixtures Pulp, paper, and products Printing and publishing Chemicals and products Petroleum and coal products. 71.0 1.0 24.3 46.8 Rubber products Leather and leather products Stone, clay, and glass products _ Primary metal products Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical machinery Transportation equipment Instruments and related products. Miscellaneous manufactures s 41.4 2~.1~ 203 37.7 34.6 35.9 34.7 33.8 73.4 26.5 13.0 10.8 32.4 66.0 27.6 14.0 12.3 33.2 62.9 28.8 14.7 11.3 31.3 67.4 26.5 13.6 10.8 8.1 1.6 21.9 21.2 19.7 51.0 39.5 20.3 24.8 17.7 48.6 36.6 16.5 24.2 18.8 25.8 39.5 18.7 24.3 17.2 29.7 37.0 17.4 24.5 18.6 29.7 39.4 43.9 21.0 8.4 58.6 26.2 43.4 43.8 25.3 54.1 26.4 46.4 49.5 26.1 57.0 26.1 80.6 40.6 26.7 56.0 26.6 78.8 45.3 26.0 52.1 25.9 79.0 41.4 26.6 18.5 53.2 84.2 45.0 21.2 38.0 54.1 54.4 45.3 34.9 33.2 48.2 58.7 47.4 16.1 38.2 53.4 54.0 52.8 31.5 38.9 50.5 63.3 52.5 30.1 37.6 50.8 53.7 54.0 29.0 - Represents zero. 319 (4-digit) industries. Various years 1895-1904; central date was approximately 1901 but weighting factors used were as of 1899. 2 452 (4-digit) industries. 1 Series P 205-211. 1947 34.9 76.2 24.3 12.6 11.2 59.9 ~~57~3" 1954 18.8 77.7 9.0 2.2 2.0 33.7 13.6 100.0 26.3 13.3 « 45.7 1954 employment weights 36.3 Total, all industries, employment weights. Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and related productsLumber and wood products. _. See text] 434 (4-digit) industries. Excludes steel works and rolling mills for which the concentration ratio is 78.8. ' Includes electrical machinery. 3 4 Selected Statistics for Operating Manufacturing Establishments, by Legal Form of Organization: 1939 to 1967 All employees Establishments Item 205 Production workers Value added by manufacture Capital expenditures, new 209 210 211 Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Total Payroll Total Wages 206 207 208 1,000 Mil. dol. 1,000 ALL ESTABLISHMENTS 1967' 1963.. 1958 1954 1947 1939-.- _ _ _ 305,681 306,617 298,182 286,814 240,807 184,230 18,498 16,235 15,381 15,645 14,294 123,550 93,289 73,773 62,963 39,696 13,955 12,232 11,367 12,372 11,918 27,887 81,394 62,394 48,471 44,591 30,244 261,984 192,103 143,159 117,032 74,290 24,683 21,503 11,371 9,531 8,201 5,998 153,892 176,190 162,749 148,461 118,102 95,187 17,697 15,245 14,215 14,273 12,856 119,530 89,356 69,885 59,051 36,580 13,260 11,426 10,398 11,206 10,649 .= 7,051 78,429 59,064 45,455 41,480 27,637 253,261 184,100 135,644 109,669 68,294 22,790 20,988 10,791 8,926 7,752 33,165 130,427 135,433 138,353 122,705 89,043 530 990 1,165 1,372 1,438 2,709 3,932 3,787 3,912 3,115 433 806 969 1,166 1,269 2 836 2,008 3,030 3,016 3,111 2,607 5,636 8,002 7,515 7,363 5,996 1,893 370 580 605 449 CORPORATE 1967 1963 1958 1954 1947 1939 __ _ _ NONCORPORATE 1967 1963 1958 1954 1947. 1939. _-- See footnotes at end of table. 687 P 205-226 MANUFACTURES Series P 205-211. Selected Statistics for Operating Manufacturing Establishments, by Legal Form of Organization: 1939 to 1967—Con. All employees Production workers Establishments Payroll Total Total Value added b y manufacture Wages Capital expenditures, new Item 206 205 1,000 Mil. dol. 1,000 NONCORPORATE—Con. 210 209 Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Individual proprietorship: 1967 1963 1958 1954 1947.. 1939 24,897 99,174 91,276 88,224 69,498 58,834 243 536 542 593 586 6,731 27,677 41,958 47,885 50,771 27,651 193 334 543 70S 757 210 1,187 2,033 1,637 1,527 1,184 3 440 461 507 522 443 933 1,595 1,349 1,237 2,361 3,916 3,115 2,735 2,162 957 730 1,062 1,458 1,684 1,432 1,895 2,726 3,663 4,054 3,347 863 1,001 Partnership: 1967 1963 1958 1954... 1947 1939 1 971 1,034 1,836 2,108 2 2 673 368 Average for year. Percent Distribution of Production Workers and of Value Added in Manufacturing Establishments, by Legal Form of Ownership: 1899 to 1967 Production workers, percent in establishments owned b y — Year 602 1,687 Includes establishments for which legal form of organization was not available. Series P 212-215. 157 277 452 Corporations Value added, percent in establishments owned b y - Other> Corporations Other > 214 215 212 1967. 1963 1958. 1954 1947 1939 95.0 93.4 91.7 90.6 89.4 89.4 5.0 6.6 8.3 9.4 10.6 Year 3.3 4.2 5.3 6.3 8.1 7.7 1 Includes individual proprietorships, partnerships, and other forms of ownership, m o s t l y cooperative societies. Series P 216-230. Corporations Value added, percent in establishments owned b y - Other > Corporations 213 96.7 95.8 94.7 93.7 91.9 92.3 10.6 Production workers, percent in establishments owned b y — 1929.. 1919.. 1914.. 1909.. 1904.. 1899 10.1 89.9 86.6 91.5 87.7 83.2 77.2 71.9 265.0 13.4 19.7 24.4 29.4 80.3 75.6 70.6 2 Based on value of product. Establishments covered include 66,143 establishments not covered b y census of manufactures. These establishments produced value of products of $ 2 9 0 million in a total value of product of all manufactures of $11,701 million. Physical Consumption of Selected Commodities in Manufacturing Industries: 1860 to 1970 Energy materials Used for heat and power Year 1967 1963 1958 1954 1947 U s e d as raw material Total Coal Coke Fuel oil Gas Purchased electric energy Coal Coke Crude petroleum Fuel oil Natural gas 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 Bil. kwh 1,000 short tons 1,000 short ions Mil. bbl. Bil. CM. ft. Bil. kwh 1,000 short ions 1,000 short ions Mil. bbl. Mil. bbl. Bil. CM. ft. 5,348 4,632 4,184 4,359 3,195 1939. 1937 1929 1927 1923 1,595 >2,588 12,510 >1,533 •1,711 1919 1914 1909 1904 1899 >2,097 >1,626 >1,630 See footnotes at end of table. 688 75,100 89,438 81,784 91,458 110,869 80,161 2169,623 2206,232 2199,705 61,105 66,941 49,806 64,372 66,171 35,001 242,194 2 2 2 51,406 262.3 271.0 226.9 246.6 216.6 11,638 9,341 8,628 8,977 4,866 427 314 253 187 103 92,940 71,470 77,817 85,441 108,053 97.4 136.3 132.2 2 1,840 2,489 1,174 45 46 36 623 , 1 8 9 2 2222,848 2 202,576 2168,892 2165,593 241,785 231,370 238,530 69.6 32.7 219.7 2 2 2 2 2 566 280 809 () <22) (2) () («2) (2) 1,390 1,122 1,265 1,860 2,551 1,744 (22) () (2) (22) () 3,621 3,198 2,850 2,499 1,884 1,250 1,040 365 191 121 67 52 607 300 365 338 48S 11.1 8.3 6.0 4.0 36.0 (22) () (2) (2) (2!) (2) ( (22) () (2) 968 PHYSICAL CONSUMPTION AND OUTPUT Series P 216-230. Physical Consumption of Selected Commodities in Manufacturing Industries: 1860 to 1970—Con. Raw cotton used in textiles Coffee imported Year 1,000 bales Mil. lb. P 227-243 Wool used in textiles Unmanufactured silk imports for consumption 229 230 Mil. lb. Mil. lb. 1970. 1969. 1968 1967. 1966. 2,609 2,676 3,357 2,819 2,918 9,119 9,367 10,072 10,650 10,950 240.3 312.8 329.7 315.5 307.2 1965 1964 1963. 1962. 1961. 2,844 3,054 3,185 4 3,238 42,954 10,557 9,967 9,747 10,292 9,560 1960. 1959 1958 1957 1956 4 2,917 Year Raw cotton used in textiles Coffee imported Wool used in textiles Unmanufactured silk imports for consumption Mil. lb. 1,000 bales Mil. lb. Mil. lb. 4.6 1,269 1,395 1,388 1,220 1,304 6,852 6,217 7,312 6,549 5,409 349.9 342.2 422.4 406.5 343.4 63.1 50.5 49.1 50.1 44.9 387.0 356.7 411.7 429.1 412.1 5.8 6.7 6.4 6.5 6.7 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1,248 1,256 1,014 1,218 1,132 6,762 6,224 7,685 7,658 7,279 314.2 329.1 399.3 29.3 44.3 32.3 36.0 32.0 2,776 10,471 9,913 9,101 10,166 10,930 411.0 435.3 331.1 368.8 440.7 6.9 8.0 5.3 8.3 12.7 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1,137 975 845 938 796 6,009 5,885 5,786 5,368 4,705 30.8 25.5 27.8 24.7 20.7 1955 1954 1953. 1952 1951 2,569 2,234 2,767 2,665 2,678 10,315 9,900 10,783 10,426 12,050 413.8 380.8 494.0 466.4 484.1 11.0 8.5 7.8 12.6 7.2 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 797 1,126 926 930 844 4,799 5,241 4,493 4,974 4,877 21.5 22.1 18.6 15.6 16.7 1950. 1949. 1948. 1947 1946 2,429 2,913 2,752 2,458 2,664 10,467 9,201 10,510 11,009 10,218 634.8 500.4 693.1 698.3 737.5 10.5 4.0 7.4 3.2 13.5 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 859 1,074 740 901 1,028 4,523 3,981 4,187 4,080 3,604 15.4 16.4 11.5 13.6 12.2 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 2,705 2,604 2,194 1,712 2,250 11,049 11,308 12,401 12,658 1.0 11,081 645.1 622.8 636.2 603.6 648.0 25.6 1900 1899 1898 1897 1896 741 852 781 787 621 3,687 3,672 3,472 2,841 2,500 11.7 8.4 10.0 4.9 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 2,044 8,845 7,709 6,463 8,769 7,085 407.9 396.5 284.5 380.8 406.1 47.6 55.3 57.1 64.2 67.5 1895 1894 1893 1892 1891 634 1,981 1,689 1,732 535 601 574 2,984 2,300 2,416 2,847 2,604 9.1 7.8 4.4 7.8 7.1 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1,745 1,514 1,574 1,484 1,730 6,080 6,467 6,898 5,503 5,977 417.5 229.6 317.1 230.1 311.0 72.4 60.4 73.0 77.6 87.6 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886 481 534 507 423 521 2,518 2,309 2,205 2,050 2,095 4.6 5.8 5.4 4.8 4.8 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1,585 1,475 1,447 1,419 1,482 6,911 7,970 7,614 7,996 7,260 263.2 368.1 333.2 354.1 342.7 80.6 1885 1884 1883 534 494 488 1,687 1,814 2,038 3.9 3.4 3.3 1 2 42,667 42,713 4 2,001 1.8 3.3 4.0 2.8 .2 85.9 74.4 72.7 65.6 601 Includes energy equivalents for fuel used as raw material. Use as raw material is included with use for heat and power. Series P 231-300. Raw cotton used in textiles 227 228 229 1925. 1924. 1923. 1922. 1921. 43,066 Year Coffee imported 3 4 Mil. a. 1,000 bales 1882. 1881. 484 426 1,849 1,866 1880. 1879. 1878 1877 1876. 396 438 325 349 267 1,501 1,457 1,459 1,314 1,256 1875. 1874. 1873. 1872. 1871 360 283 292 289 308 1,098 1,213 1,116 1,147 1,027 1870. 1869. 1868. 1867 1866. 272 235 235 220 175 797 860 844 715 615 1865. 1864 1863. 1862. 1861. 1860 126 105 101 94 146 180 344 220 287 369 842 845 8.1 Energy equivalent for coal only, including that used as raw material. Imports for consumption of raw or green coffee. Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970 Foods produced Beverages produced 2 Soybean oil, crude Shortening and salad and cooking oils 3 Distilled spirits Total, including Beverage industrial alcohol alcohol Tobacco products produced Fats and oils produced Apparel products Manufactured tobacco and snuff Cigars Cigarettes Wheat flour i Refined sugar Canned corn Canned tomatoes Beer 231 232 233 234 235 236 236a 237 238 239 240 241 Mil. bbl. Mil. lb. 1,000 cases 1,000 cases 1,000 bbl. 1,000 lax gal. 1,000 tax gal. Mil. lb. Mil. lb. Mil. lb. Millions Millions 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 129.1 129.7 129.7 125.2 129.2 20,848 19,816 20,098 18,838 18,664 38,536 40,497 48,608 40,400 37,331 31,994 26,270 39,706 32,084 26,783 134,654 122,657 117,524 116,564 109,736 917,457 985,641 905,469 873,010 889,352 355,240 336,466 331,306 301,949 306,813 8,086 6,805 6,150 6,150 5,811 6,977 6,624 6,308 6,148 6,136 165 161 159 158 162 47,979 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 127.9 133.6 132.8 133.9 133.0 18,426 18,596 17,746 17,874 16,840 32,075 30,792 36,205 37,510 37,857 29,532 29,873 27,094 29,144 27,908 108,015 103,018 97,961 96,418 93,496 865,240 838,978 800,830 809,518 801,799 275,616 273,750 266,648 292,767 248,439 5,236 4,944 5,053 4,889 4,442 5,566 5,510 4,945 5,221 4,580 167 180 168 169 173 <8,883 <8,648 <6,657 <6,843 <6,648 47,499 <7,696 <7,303 <7,992 Mens' and Womens', misses', boys' suits and and juniors' separate dresses coats 242 243 1,000 1,000 <562,154 <573,002 <570,748 <572,790 562,667 s43,642 '49,310 '50,320 5 47,987 644,641 251,540 266,856 277,971 282,192 273,080 4562,368 6 44,039 40,815 41,348 41,937 37,810 282,071 271,718 259,979 251,734 252,155 534,973 543,688 529,883 518,031 See footnotes at end of table. 689 P 231-243 MANUFACTURES Series P 231-300. Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con. Foods produced Beverages produced 3 Fats and oils produced Distilled spirits Wheat flour > Mil. bbl. Canned tomatoes Beer 232 233 234 235 236 Mil. 1,000 1,000 1,000 bbl. tax gal. U). cases cases 236a 237 1,000 Mil. Ib. Total, including Beverage industrial alcohol alcohol 1,000 tax gal. Manufactured tobacco and snuff Cigars Cigarettes 238 239 240 241 Mil. lb. Mil. I b. Millions Millions 117.6 * 28,926 33,810 27,075 31,533 35,668 •26,413 24,126 30,465 21,686 29,883 94 90 89 89 90 548 974 011 882 698 803,751 754,639 718,848 650,366 720,754 273,258 271,797 244,316 207,946 217.814 4,392 4,344 3,943 3,475 3,200 4,228 4,061 2,006 1,809 1,842 173 176 180 179 185 <6,937 17,298 4 6,395 45,952 4 5,8 115.6 113.5 113.9 117.0 117.6 14,760 15,066 13,900 13,820 13,276 24,075 30,619 30,982 32,329 25,576 24,727 21,827 22.334 27,981 31,770 89 92 90 89 88 791 561 434 601 976 593,982 563,496 619,456 689,256 846,388 194,888 167,319 135,240 69,294 342,768 2,827 2,378 2,515 2,478 2,473 1,975 1,961 1,675 1,611 1.403 199 204 209 220 227 45,834 4412,309 45,973 4423,070 115.4 120.3 143.2 156.7 143.2 14,665 13,235 12,202 13,753 10,224 18,241 29,795 31,483 26,089 30,951 21,108 21,537 24,393 27,709 23,857 88 89 91 87 84 807 736 291 867 978 521,770 617,558 576,409 563,956 634,454 194,025 291,722 270,687 219,656 225,077 2,075 1,859 1,604 1,543 1,454 1,710 1,487 1,441 1,375 1,451 235 239 245 242 253 45,468 4391,956 141.1 125.4 122.8 114.6 112.7 11,204 12,160 10,635 9,637 13,437 28,237 25,089 28,755 32,118 26,109 16.758 26,099 29,269 41,252 31.759 86 81 71 63 55 604 1,174,391 726 1,011,763 018 772,267 717 676,959 214 474,054 87,515 246,262 254.815 192,416 1,392 1,246 1,234 762 586 1,441 1,364 1,438 1,300 1,409 331 307 327 330 342 5,276 5,199 5,363 5,841 5,610 332,345 323,734 296,305 257,667 218,083 110.9 114.1 111.8 109.4 111.0 12,098 11,749 11,908 11,684 11,181 15,524 14,567 20.470 23,541 14,621 29,533 24,465 23,131 26,236 24,414 54 53 56 58 51 892 871 340 748 812 387,183 346,344 351,190 482,138 449,994 159,707 166.763 183,288 299,207 274,108 533 458 323 194 225 1,190 1.404 1,514 1,595 1,587 344 343 345 341 348 5,370 5,198 5,015 5,303 5,172 4189,373 106.4 97.2 10,891 10,256 11,132 11,172 26,985 22,376 20,461 20,367 16,341 46 >37 109 2 3 229 678 798 766 137 349,772 241,610 123,405 150,391 170,394 183,668 101,612 "IisTo 21.471 11,268 10,193 9,358 19,416 105 35 27 39 39 343 346 342 347 371 4,685 4,526 4,300 4,383 5,348 140,147 130,287 116,087 106,915 117,402 15,692 17,487 14,497 10,347 19,069 29,015 24,146 14,575 22,426 16,140 3 3 4 4 4 681 900 200 400 900 197,221 203,300 170,500 185,500 203,800 14 11 5 3 3 1,211 1,220 1,143 1,179 1,141 372 381 386 396 411 5,894 6,519 6,373 6,519 6,499 124,193 122,822 109,131 100,260 92,523 24,320 12,131 14,106 11,419 8,843 33,747 21,370 25,045 19,695 6,857 5 4 5 6 9 100 900 300 300 200 167,500 137,500 124,600 82,200 87,900 3 1 1 1 1,153 830 751 784 414 414 413 420 387 6,463 6.598 6,950 6,722 6,726 82,712 73,256 67,239 56,413 52,770 15,040 13,550 11,722 10,803 9,130 19,405 18,452 27,111 25,735 22,433 9 27 50 60 58 200 700 300 800 600 101,300 100,800 178,800 286,100 253,300 413 424 497 483 466 8,097 7,072 7,054 7,560 7,042 48,091 53,865 47,528 36,323 26,203 14,457 25,984 24,250 23,936 16,642 59 66 65 62 63 800 200 300 200 300 140,700 181,900 193,600 187,600 183,400 442 441 444 435 424 6.599 7,174 7,572 7,044 7,049 18,945 17,944 16,530 14,239 11,700 122.2 123.6 120.6 122.0 116.2 117:5 118.7 114.7 113.8 97.2 130.4 122.5 115.4 115.8 118.7 12,376 "l2~046 12,972 "16^358 ""§"586 ""§"478 45,882 45,892 4 5,664 5,453 5,645 5.488 5,618 4 4506,127 4489,865 4470,068 4442,328 4424,247 4 401,849 4435,549 4418,803 386,046 386,916 369,763 350,132 Mens' and Womens', boys' misses', suits and and juniors' separate dresses coats 1,000 8,617 8,274 7,904 7,350 10,124 9,789 7,283 13,109 14,301 107.2 107.5 109.8 111.5 109.5 7,317 6,986 6,479 6,451 6,433 10,063 5,787 6,779 6,654 9,137 15,764 18,750 19,595 22,051 14,733 59 56 58 58 54 500 300 800 600 700 163,900 139,900 133,900 174,700 160,100 447 431 408 388 391 6,810 6,668 6.489 7,302 7,148 9,782 7,880 6,833 6,345 5.502 105.4 104.7 111.8 109.1 108.4 5,699 5,963 5,467 5,725 5,156 13,019 11,163 4,861 4,191 5,028 9,517 16,065 17.335 15,810 7,227 49 48 46 44 40 500 300 700 600 600 153,300 139,500 148,200 132,800 128,600 368 364 351 348 314 6,748 6,640 6,806 6,232 6,139 4,477 4,170 3,9 5 9 3,647 3.503 105.8 104.0 100.3 95.7 96.5 4,858 4,578 4,107 4,241 3,957 6,486 6,366 4,315 2,787 2,539 9,385 14,852 9,651 6,767 5,845 39 36 37 34 35 500 700 500 500 900 109,200 100,200 83,700 64,300 90,000 301 295 275 297 261 5,566 4,910 4,459 4,136 4,048 3,870 4,367 4,843 4,927 4,967 93.6 93.7 92.5 92.1 86.3 3,961 4,281 4,050 3,896 4,069 2,992 3,278 4,184 3,417 2,837 6,888 10,971 7,337 5,502 5,660 33 33 34 31 30 600 400 600 900 500 81,900 92,200 131,000 118,400 117,800 274 269 251 274 271 4,099 4,164 4,341 4,675 4,422 4,238 3,621 3,661 3,282 3,137 1,000 40,622 39,283 33,053 34,968 35,640 253,606 257,677 243,273 255,605 257,336 34,091 29,421 34,659 33,067 30,471 260,389 248,169 259,312 258,263 240,964 36,000 29,737 32,005 34,168 35,086 248,195 266,674 227,279 203,247 213,073 20,729 19,425 204,878 223,995 180,828 ' 2 7 , 3 5 4 171,842 170,171 7 23~743 159,076 119.2 115.0 113.6 110.8 110.8 See footnotes at end of table. Canned corn Shortening and salad and cooking oils > Apparel products * 16,710 16,082 15,790 15,150 15,532 130.4 128.1 126.8 690 Refined sugar Soybean oil, crude Tobacco products produced 24,287 "i§;s66 ~2i~624 "30^342 31,846 194,383 "i78~30d «172,247 145^238 167492 "162^837 109,080 PHYSICAL OUTPUT Series P 231-300. Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con. Beverages produced—Con. Foods produced—Con. Year P 231-258 Wheat flour > Refined sugar 231 232 Mil. bbl. Mil. lb. Canned corn Canned tomatoes Fermented malt liquor 2 1,000 cases 1,000 cases 1,000 bbl. Tobacco products produced—Con. Distilled spirits 2 Manufactured tobacco and snuff Cigars 236 239 240 1,000 tax gal. Mil. lb. Millions 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886 83.3 80.8 79.5 79.5 75.7 3,233 3,170 3,048 3,014 2,949 1,523 1,726 3,437 2,276 1,675 5,280 5,022 5,580 4,720 3,921 27,600 25,100 24,700 23,100 20,700 111,100 91,100 71,700 79,400 81,800 253 246 209 226 210 4 ,2 2 9 3,787 3,668 3,662 3,462 1885 1884 1883 1882 1881 74.0 72.5 70.8 67.8 65.6 2,912 2,732 2,466 2,368 1,940 1,062 2,362 19,200 19,000 17,800 17,000 14,300 76,400 76,500 75,300 107,300 119,500 207 172 194 159 172 3,294 3,373 3,232 3,118 2,806 1880 1879 1878 1877 1876 64.3 61.9 59.8 56.5 56.1 1,988 1,709 1,778 1,698 1,583 13,300 11,100 10,200 9,800 9,900 91,400 72,900 57,300 61,400 58,600 146 136 125 123 124 2,510 2,217 1,923 1875 1874 1873 1872 1871 54.4 53.6 51.3 49.2 49.0 1,642 1,638 1,526 1,454 1,413 9,500 9,600 9,600 8,700 7,700 62,700 69,600 71,200 69,400 57,000 124 124 118 112 107 1,828 1,835 1,755 1,578 1,353 1870 1869 1868 1867 1866 47.9 46.8 44.9 44.3 42.8 1,196 1,254 1,149 841 886 6,600 72,600 102 1,183 1865 1864 1863 1862 1861 1860 42.5 42.4 42.5 42.4 41.6 39.8 733 565 607 590 978 788 Chemicals and allied products Textile mill products Rayon and acetate yarns available Noncellulosic yarn available 1,816 1,776 Refined petroleum products Inorganic chemicals Finished knit cloth shipped11 Carpets and rugs shipped 246 Mil. lb. 1,000 lb. 699.6 743.5 794.5 739.8 780.8 1.803.8 1,649.0 1,555.7 1,184.7 1.081.9 782.5 768.6 687.4 668.9 627.8 Superphosphates (100% P2O5) Light products of distillation Illuminating oils (kerosene)12 Ammonia anhydrous (100% NHi) 247 248 249 sq. yd. 1,000 1,000 short tons 1,000 short tons 782,279 744,003 698,124 603,951 558,617 633,662 597,885 546,840 467,909 445,527 10,064 9,917 8,868 8.398 7,596 13,570 12,769 12,120 12,194 10,605 33 39 42 65 73 29,577 29,537 28,544 28,815 28,385 827 881 843 782 837 4,596 4,289 4,149 4,695 4,450 2,136 2,057 1,968 1,873 1,822 314 320 295 264 228 1,155 1,114 1,116 1,081 1,050 66 65 66 65 65 927.7 797.4 655.2 570.7 477.3 450,128 416,642 345,607 314,597 276,048 411,220 357,653 305,470 268,235 "178,625 6,842 6.399 5,814 5,486 4.914 8,869 7,634 6,693 5,810 5,207 81 63 60 64 56 24,851 22,924 20,936 19,701 17,848 775 725 678 643 623 3,834 3,482 3,231 2,823 2,744 1,733 1,687 1,625 1,583 1,533 202 168 165 156 141 1,034 1,009 1,041 1,015 1,012 63 64 63 61 59 624.9 722.2 643.5 685.8 727.0 400.8 378.9 311.3 314.8 273.1 247,671 243,042 210,635 193,518 186,458 "151,984 "132,523 166,737 "99,651 "83,177 4,972 4,748 3,993 4,336 4,227 4,818 4,520 3,879 3,733 3,378 45 56 51 41 37 17,883 17,609 15,950 16,460 16,495 650 595 " 518 » 503 2,610 2,672 * 1,522 1,489 1,440 1,438 1,429 * 136 2,381 2,455 2,439 110 109 123 * 999 1,027 995 1,084 1,092 * 59 56 51 56 59 857.7 721.2 865.6 845.2 865.5 258.2 214.1 186.4 160.8 134.4 181,884 165,030 164,193 170,518 148,747 "77,822 128,023 3.915 3,410 3,263 3,031 3,106 3,252 2,737 2,288 2,052 1,777 54 34 34 35 16,255 14,376 14,003 13,310 13,372 " 515 "416 "421 2,272 2,215 2,147 2,165 2,045 1,374 1,261 1,266 1,193 1,140 117 122 123 132 136 1,023 959 978 974 945 56 53 53 56 61 955.6 782.8 846.7 729.3 666.5 97.6 75.6 59.3 43.7 33.6 162,803 147,853 2,949 >5 2,650 •5 2,938 15 2,909 "2,292 1,566 1,294 1,090 1,114 726 13,029 11,432 11,456 10,780 9,203 1,994 1,891 1,900 1,857 1,566 1,024 961 920 842 776 119 102 122 110 104 824 766 859 760 719 52 45 51 52 46 602.4 539.1 29.4 24.9 129,958 107,908 "2,322 "2,328 549 544 9,522 9,242 1,447 1,340 793 741 81 78 719 701 42 41 244 Mil. lb. 153~778~ 146,666 91,160 Ammonia aqua Paints, varnishes, and lacquers Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) (100% NHi) Sulfuric acid (100% HiSOi) 251 1,000 short tons 28 24 1,000 short tons Fuel oils 255 Mil. gal. 1,000 short tons Mil. bbl. Mil. bbl. 111 Lubricating oils 257 Mil. bbl. Mil. bbl. See footnotes at end of table. 691 P 244-271 MANUFACTURES Series P 231-300. Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con. Textile mill products Year Noncellulosic yarn available Finished knit cloth shipped11 Carpets and rugs shipped 244 245 246 Mil. lb. Mil. lb. 1,000 lb. 494.2 468.8 452.5 17.7 12.2 7.5 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 388.8 359.9 274.1 267.2 297.6 2.7 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 252.8 194.8 211.9 152.1 157.8 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 118.4 131.8 100.3 100.1 60.9 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1916 1914 1913 1912 1911 . . . .. . _ Refined petroleum products Inorganic chemicals Rayon and acetate yarns available 1943 1942 1941 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 Chemicals and allied products Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) Ammonia anhydrous (100% NHi) Ammonia aqua (100% NH.) Sulfuric acid (100% HsSOi) Paints, varnishes, and lacquers Superphosphates (100% PsOs) Light products of distillation Illuminating oils (kerosene) 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 1,000 sq. yd. 1,000 short tons 1,000 short tons 1,000 short tons 1,000 short tons Mil. gal. 1,000 short tons Mil. bbl. 112,560 "2,249 "1,574 "1,429 643 543 501 311 1 8 16 4,795 265 108 1 8 13 6,029 280 4,890 79,766 63,676 «1,045 76,377 64,799 969 18 8,442 7,754 6,770 49,687 69,162 759 " 69 1 8 12 41,484 41,876 687 " 76 "6 44,181 659 "64 » 9 4,627 171 73,411 762 18 87 "15 6,456 239 67,193 573 "23 25 5,577 201 18 68.4 42.4 32.8 25.0 19.8 8.7 9.3 6.0 6.8 6.6 6.6 5.1 4.0 2.9 2.1 72,100 497 16 51 5,325 176 83,242 437 12 34 4,984 152 52,906 239 15 39 3,323 94 52,182 313 14 23 4,222 109 8 1 8 18 3,096 77 6 "3 "1 leu 2,254 1,421 1,177 70 46 40 66,340 81,219 82,671 76,410 1909 1904 1899 1890 1880 219 (NA) 18 292 18 132 "87 167 18 18 Fuel oils Lubricating oils Paraffin wax 255 256 257 258 Mil. bbl. Mil. bbl. Mil. bbl. 1,000 bbl. 1,273 1,071 955 609 610 704 72 67 73 629 556 532 39 39 40 2,697 2,502 2,393 876 758 685 805 627 616 611 568 571 516 74 69 65 65 56 500 468 447 469 414 37 35 31 35 31 1,833 1,659 1,555 1,863 1,689 532 509 463 307 478 470 424 411 403 442 56 54 49 44 42 360 335 316 295 337 28 26 24 22 27 1,608 1,674 1,677 1,639 1,706 794 444 445 388 340 307 49 56 59 56 62 372 449 427 393 365 34 34 35 32 32 1,956 2,261 2,257 2,089 2,310 269 225 196 158 132 60 60 56 55 46 365 320 287 255 230 31 27 26 23 21 2,135 1,845 1,666 1,651 1,553 124 101 91 55 56 43 41 36 211 182 174 155 111 25 20 20 18 15 1,933 1,668 1,805 1,719 1,379 863 84 35 12 1 1870 1860 Shoes produced (except athletic) Construction materials Primary and fabricated metals Raw steel produced Year Pneumatic motor vehicle tires produced Men's 261 259 Millions 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 186 168 See footnotes at end of table. 692 Women's Mil. p aire Mil. pairs Rails produced17 Structural iron and steel shapes produced17 Common and face brick produced 262 263 264 1,000 1,000 short Ions short tons 119.7 117.6 125.6 123.7 126.9 230.2 237.6 283.7 258.0 284.2 900 830 847 763 878 " 5,566 18 5,766 7,098 6,986 7,687 118.2 280.0 278.0 275.2 288.2 273.4 766 701 531 644 472 7,641 6,809 5,856 5,278 6,617 117.7 110.7 112.7 103.3 1,000 Billions Open hearth17 Crucible17 Electric and all other17 267 268 269 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 m 2166,835 Total" short tons short tons 6.73 7.81 7.91 7.57 131,514 141,262 131,462 127,213 134,101 (») 278 8.21 131,462 127,076 109,261 98,328 98,014 586 858 963 805 881 8.26 7.87 7.41 6.89 6.68 short tons short tons short tons Hot rolled iron and steel produced17 1,000 short tons 20,162 "70,690 85,025 20,132 16,814 15,089 14,870 »90,798 »93,877 99,115 93,084 99,205 94,193 98.097 88,834 82,957 84,502 13,804 12,678 10,920 9,013 8,664 99,304 93,635 81,851 74,998 73,412 48,022 60,894 PHYSICAL OUTPUT Series P 231-300. P 231-258 Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con. Shoes produced (except athletic) Construction materials Primary and fabricated metals Raw steel produced Year Pneumatic motor vehicle tires produced Men's Women's Rails produced17 Structural iron and steel shapes produced17 260 Millions 100.6 1960. 1959. 1958_ 1957. 1956. Open hearth17 Crucible 1 ' Electric and all other" 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 Billions 1,000 short tons 1,000 short tons 1,000 short tons 1,000 short tons 1,000 short tons 1 000 short tons 1,000 short tons 711 631 587 1,308 1.301 6,125 5,259 5,220 8.595 7,167 6.94 7.34 6.32 103.7 91.1 98.8 100.7 104.5 270.9 186.9 183.9 169.4 1,227 1,171 1,982 1,472 1,854 6,336 6,706 6.538 5,355 6,348 102.5 97.4 104.4 106.2 106.0 195.2 178.0 176.5 191.6 181.4 1,850 1,901 2,208 2,441 1,966 107.7 108.5 129.3 143.0 135.8 120.2 118.1 154.7 181.7 184.9 22 59 2! 53 102.4 103.8 96.7 102.9 103.8 2® 45 88.8 99.5 91.4 8.09 282 446 255 715 216 1 1 1 2 3 189 380 396 475 228 86,368 81,669 75,879 101,658 102,841 8,379 8,533 6,656 7,971 8,641 76,446 71,856 65,105 85,887 89,284 7.90 6.72 5.87 5.89 6.63 117 88 111 93 105 036 312 610 168 200 3 2 3 3 4 320 548 856 524 891 105,359 80,327 100,474 82,846 93,167 8,050 5,436 7,280 6,798 7,142 90,658 68,465 85,944 71,349 81,911 5,442 4,672 5,456 5,607 4,388 6.33 5.52 5.84 5.14 4.87 96 77 88 84 66 836 978 640 894 603 4 3 4 4 3 535 947 243 233 328 86,263 70,249 79,340 76,874 60,712 6,039 3,783 5,057 3,788 2,563 2,418 2,491 2,127 2,096 1,928 4,467 4,676 4,576 5,816 6,724 2.29 79 89 88 86 82 702 642 837 032 839 4 5 5 5 5 305 040 625 553 578 71,940 80,364 78,622 76,502 74,390 151.9 167.7 147.8 149.7 161.9 1,679 1,313 698 1,619 1,366 4,232 3,359 2,083 3,670 3,245 4.10 4.73 3.53 4.19 66 52 31 56 53 983 799 752 637 500 3 3 2 3 3 709 359 106 864 873 61,573 48,410 29,080 51,825 48,760 145.2 133.0 130.7 113.9 112.6 797 1,131 466 451 1,297 1,960 1.596 1,243 1,050 2,310 2.28 1.40 1.29 1.40 3.22 38 29 25 15 28 184 182 725 123 607 3 2 2 1 3 175 422 717 712 373 34,401 26,355 22,653 13,243 24,953 77.1 94.8 91.0 95.3 86.6 112.6 131.3 123.8 116.3 110.4 2,098 3,049 2,965 3.143 3,604 3,934 5,351 4,588 4,192 4,381 6.11 7.64 8.83 9.47 9.96 44 61 56 49 52 591 742 623 273 902 5 7 7 6 7 623 945 385 894 721 38,587 53,152 48,689 41,921 44,764 2229 86.5 84.7 100.3 90.0 69.5 104.8 104.1 109.7 105.4 101.5 3,119 2,725 3,253 2,432 2,440 4,037 3,678 3,814 3,045 1,425 10.04 9.19 9.21 7.32 6.32 49 41 49 38 21 705 446 017 946 639 7 6 9 6 4 474 551 431 578 461 "2! 38 95.0 104.8 2,917 2.468 2,846 3,297 3,197 3,704 2,928 3,192 3,483 3,394 5.64 5.54 3.91 6.62 8.40 46 38 49 49 46 183 099 010 787 793 9 8 10 11 12 2.469 2,179 3,923 3,727 3,162 2,729 2,275 3,366 3,188 2,142 7.71 7.96 8.92 9.37 9.20 35 25 34 34 25 180 606 087 079 937 4,072 3,387 2,152 4,070 4,455 2.539 2,549 1,213 2,173 2,373 9.92 10.61 8.40 10.38 10.64 28 26 15 25 25 3,781 2,559 3,352 3.302 3,220 1,860 1,063 1,227 1,456 1,135 10.36 9.10 8.90 8.93 8.45 2,672 2,545 2,219 1,846 1,257 913 952 786 654 555 1.463 1.144 1,273 1,738 1.464 580 404 434 508 102 112 1945_ 1944. 19431942. 1941. 1940_ 1939. 1938. 1937_ 1936. !2 64 1935. 1934 _ 1933 _ 1932. 1931. 1920_ 1919. 19181917. 1916_ 1,000 short tons Bessemer17 99 93 85 112 115 1950. 1949 _ 1948. 1947. 1946. 1925. 1924. 19231922_ 1921. Mil. pairs Hot rolled iron and steel produced17 Total 1 ' 279.8 292.4 270.7 274.2 273.4 112 19551954, 1953. 1952. 1951- 1930. 1929. 1928_ 19271926. Mil. pairs Common and face brick produced ^ 52 28 70 "22 67 22 61 " 22"50" 110.1 101.4 104.3 106.9 74.5 77.4 1915_ 1914_ 1913. 19121911. 1910_ 1909. 1908_ 1907. 1906- 80.9 98.0 1905. 1904. 1903. 1902_ 19011900_ 1899. 1898_ 1897. 1896. 1895. 1894. 1893 _ 1892. 1891. 202.0 69.5 67.7 6.66 75.191 60,882 69.192 66,202 50,937 3,457 4,238 4,589 3,975 2,869 59,812 65,804 63,293 62,446 62,324 1,700 1,029 566 947 865 48,660 39,068 23,569 41,178 37,858 606 405 354 168 280 26,840 21,246 18,743 11,705 21,477 9 16 379 638 542 449 401 33,055 45,998 42,182 36,825 39,755 41,804 34,597 39,200 32,106 17,065 20 24 48 31 8 406 274 338 230 104 37,393 31,457 37,270 29,626 16,547 841 038 335 572 234 35,846 29,665 38,065 37,783 34,278 79 69 128 138 135 417 327 482 294 146 36,230 28,114 34,894 37,036 36,266 9 6 10 11 8 178 895 604 492 841 25,838 18,603 23,340 22,457 16,970 108 88 117 114 94 55 20 26 17 27,320 20,575 27,766 27,616 21,324 330 218 383 375 443 10 10 6 13 13 478 414 828 031 712 17,672 15,682 8,492 12,206 11,594 122 107 63 138 137 22,002 21 15 15 16 14 880 205 865 402 784 12 8 9 10 9 231 787 605 222 752 9,537 6,325 6,146 6,054 4,924 112 93 114 126 18,861 13,455 14,793 • 15,617 13,831 7.49 8.13 6.16 5.60 5.97 11 11 9 7 5 227 739 888 940 849 7 8 7 6 4 481 494 401 131 388 3,638 3,135 2,388 1,731 1,396 109 10,626 11,530 9,535 7,842 6,178 6.36 6 4 4 5 4 785 899 471 492 349 5 3 3 4 3 494 995 596 663 635 1,219 845 805 732 631 1.88 1.92 (NA) (NA) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) 108 111 99 77 65 72 58 69 96 Copper and copper base alloy, rolled, drawn, and extruded products shipped11 24,216 13.248 22.249 21,939 6,932 5,199 5,573 6,906 6,038 See footnotes at end of table. 693 P 262-284 MANUFACTURES Series P 231-300. Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con. Construction materials Year Rails produced Structural iron and steel shapes produced Common and face brick produced Total Bessemer Open hearth Crucible Hot rolled iron and steel produced 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 270 1,000 short tons BiUions 1,000 short tons 1,000 short tons 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886 2,112 1,705 1,572 2,396 1,793 1885 1884 _ - _ 1883 1882 . 1881 1,094 1,145 1,361 1,689 1,844 1880 1879 1878 . 1877 1876--. 1,462 1,113 883 765 880 276 Common and face brick produced Total 262 264 265 Billions short tons short tons 1,000 3.82 1,000 short tons 1,000 short tons 4,779 3,784 3,238 3,733 2,870 4,131 3,282 2,813 3,288 2,541 566 413 345 356 245 82 89 80 89 83 6,746 5,865 5,171 5,864 4,853 1,917 1,737 1,874 1,945 1,779 1,702 1,541 1,655 1,696 1,539 149 132 134 161 147 66 65 86 88 93 2,975 3,077 3,645 3,955 3,999 1,397 1,048 820 638 597 1,203 929 732 561 526 113 56 36 25 21 81 62 51 52 50 3,301 2,741 2,115 1,909 1,922 Construction materials —Con.. Primary and fabricated metals—Con. Rails produced short tons Raw steel produced 8.05 87 Construction materials—Con. Year Primary and fabricated metals Open hearth Crucible Hot rolled iron and steel produced 267 268 270 Raw steel produced—Con. 266 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 short tons Year 262 1,000 1,000 short tons short tons Rails produced short tons 1875. 18741873. 1872. 793 729 890 1,000 437 242 223 160 376 192 171 120 9 7 4 3 52 43 49 37 1,890 1,840 1,966 1,942 1867. 1866 1865. 1864. 431 356 335 18711870_ 1869. 1868. 776 82 77 35 30 45 42 12 9 2 35 34 1,486 1,325 1,236 1,105 1863. 1862. 1861. 1860 276 214 190 205 620 594 506 2.80 2 22 22 1 Metal cans shipped26 Warm airfurnaces shipped Nonelectric cooking stoves and 1,000 base boxes 273 1,000 1,000 Gasoline engines produced Diesel engines produced Wheel tractors, complete, produced Metal cutting machines shipped Typewriters shipped 275 276 277 278 279 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 » 1,371 236 243 226 1,842 1,928 1,889 244 213 203 188 171 184 154 140 139 124 152 134 143 1,783 1,865 1,741 1,449 1,528 2,114 2,291 2,326 2,097 2,132 9,558 10,528 9,822 9,102 8,900 226 254 252 252 254 172 196 213 242 271 121,050 116,213 110,949 114,506 « 109,358 1,583 1,535 1,363 1,238 1,175 2,187 2,068 2,016 1,878 1,773 7,908 6,734 6,862 7,126 5,968 247 238 179 155 150 4,862 4,949 4,761 4,595 4 , 7 86 1,253 1,435 1,235 1,131 1,355 2,037 1,825 1,956 2,274 1,822 6,022 139 180 132 127 141 694 7,181 5,756 4,924 5,883 1,000 188 159,299 152,617 145,862 133,980 129,389 See footnotes at end of table. Raw steel produced—Con. Total 260 241 229 215 230 110 Bessemer Crucible 265 1,000 short tons 1,000 short tons 1,000 short tons 22 19 15 10 19 19 15 10 13 13 Electrical machinery Room airconditioners shipped shipped 272 1,000 short tons Primary and fabricated metals—Con. Machinery, except electrical Fabricated metal products 1,000 short tons Fractional Integral horsehorsepower power momotors tors and (excluding generahermetics) tors shipped 11 shipped 11 Household refrigerators produced 284 1,000 1,000 1,000 5,438 5,115 3,887 3,941 3,269 135,134 150,463 142,696 122,419 136,820 2,836 2,776 2,726 2,834 2,595 1,486 1,438 1,307 1,306 1,130 2,868 131,572 106,587 98,926 81,373 74,552 2,139 1,923 1,433 1,724 1,428 1,191 1,283 1,224 1,645 1,501 1,523 1,773 1,675 1,586 1,828 76,027 1,409 ~58~877~ 1^639 1,626 Domestic ranges, electric, shipped 11 2,592 1,990 1,628 1,562 1,000 1,000 2,273 4,578 2,205 4,221 " 789 3,038 PHYSICAL OUTPUT Series P 231-300. Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con. Machinery, except electrical Fabricated metal products Year Metal cans shipped 25 1,000 base boxes 1955 1954_ 1953 1952 1951-. . 1950 1949. _ 1948 . . 1947. . 1946 1945. 1944 1943. 1942 1941. . ... _ Gasoline engines produced Diesel engines produced Wheel tractors, complete, produced Metal cutting machines shipped Typewriters shipped Room airconditioners shipped 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 4,484 4,143 4,082 3,842 3,805 1,406 1,152 997 928 872 2,509 2,203 2,386 2,424 2,624 4,932 3,670 2,989 2,945 3,104 139 105 118 121 129 330 246 390 415 564 3,893 3,277 3,245 2,956 2,760 1,100 770 777 885 699 3,388 2,475 3,532 3,519 2,811 2,458 99 2,141 100 499 556 530 433 258 2,442 2,072 1,684 373 281 173 « 256 32 518 31 121 191 1,258 » 1,111 1,295 1,383 1,533 1,283 1,353 » 1,018 so 372 » 229 1,408 1,074 1,173 1,493 194 89 74 43 30 29 29 29 29 244 249 105 172 313 1,889 " 1,424 » 1,055 31 1940 1939 1938. 1937... 1936. 249 186 172 238 194 1935 1934. 1933 19321931 138 . 176 196 152 185 170 1925 1924. _ 1923. . 1922 1921. 158 112 127 95 . Large incandescent Hometype radio Fluores- receivers cent, hot shipped 11 cathode Hometype radiophonograph combinations shipped 11 284 1,000 1,000 1,000 57,643 1,744 1,209 3,387 43,375 1,904 1,210 3,976 11,256 456 275 520 »» 341 3< 2,824 824 7,782 327 33 195 84 1,882 416 3,818 189 529 3,845 309 962 4,832 862 3,046 742 2,288 446 33 698 1,995 413 489 993 250 27 si 5 198 64 1,153 283 1,773 51 M 1,160 33 110 « 1,050 713 83 225 « 890 524 83 113 « 390 85 « 75 as 49 « 18 83 Horse-drawn vehicles produced Phonographs shipped Trailer coaches, housing type, shipped 11 Truck trailers shipped Locomotives produced 293 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 1,000 Mil. Mil. 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 4,227 283 Transportation equipment 285 4,596 282 20,666 Electrical machinery—Con. Electric lamps produced Household refrigerators produced 930 145 Household washing machines, mechanical, shipped 11 Domestic ranges, electric, shipped 11 1,116 - Year Fractional Integral horsehorsepower power momotors tors and (excluding generahermetics) tors shipped 11 shipped 11 1 62 1930. ... ... 1929... _ _ _ 1928. 1927.. 1926. _ 1919 1914 1900. Electrical machinery Nonelectric cooking stoves and ranges shipped Warm airfurnaces shipped 272 P 272-298 1,582 1,476 1,467 1,391 1,394 267 261 258 224 256 4,359 5,941 7,455 9,362 13,536 1,660 1,842 1,982 1,730 1,702 3,051 3,941 3,705 3,828 4,323 1,320 1,264 1,254 1,238 1,155 225 198 179 164 142 12,744 9,404 9,313 10,112 10,350 1,662 1,454 1,244 1,243 853 4,057 3,242 3,699 3,668 3,343 226 151 106 138 114 97 113 104 87 78 68 51 88 1,418 686 Railroad Railroad passenfreight ger cars cars produced produced 294 Carriages, buggies, and sulkies Farm wagons, trucks, and business vehicles Bicycles produced 295 296 297 298 1,000 1,000 1,000 Mil. si 72 87 63 92 2 66 37 33 94 87 "4.87 87 3.81 See footnotes at end of table. 695 P 285-298 MANUFACTURES Series P 231-300. Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con. Electrical machinery—Con. Household washing machines, mechanical, shipped 11 Year 285 1,000 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 3,974 1955_ 1954 1953 1952 1951 3,697 1950 1949... 1948. 1947 1946 4,148 Electric lamps produced Large incandescent 286 Mil 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931... 1930.. 1929... 1928 1927 1926 Phonographs shipped Truck trailers shipped Locomotives produced Railroad passenger cars produced Railroad freight cars produced 293 294 287 288 289 290 291 292 Mil. 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 9,763 9,568 8,012 8,604 8,974 654 771 787 735 602 3,242 3,481 3,750 3,943 3,949 1,057 960 1,028 864 1,070 104 93 92 65 111 7,929 6,448 7,260 6,556 507 377 524 566 3,919 2,659 1,494 830 1,200 975 1,030 999 774 98 71 94 89 52 787 37 14,067 3,415 760 72 76 74 52 93 55 65 66 34 47 53 73 3,672 3,272 6,475 5,446 4,075 903 391 1,572 1,955 1,802 76 157 108 140 129 2,085 2,235 5,332 4,915 3,530 1,866 3,366 2,779 2,818 3,466 70 98 186 126 62 4,755 2,887 2,342 7,362 6,952 4,288 2,749 1,637 5,353 3,084 171 87 68 275 233 5,491 3,441 5.152 4,070 3,384 2,500 2,144 2,007 1,948 2,055 163 61 153 163 137 3.153 2,475 1,636 1,305 116 120 818 320 3,743 74 956 352 4,980 152 » 603 760 335 1,980 59 " 988 267 2,350 233 190 19 345 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 1900 1899 See footnotes at end of table. "113 "25 151 44 95 115 96 60 109 115 178 68 46 30 « 67 964 933 891 861 1,337 2,383 2,491 1,963 1,096 1,159 23 3,648 - 38 36 84 79 96 1,285 2,036 3,785 1,534 1,823 5,669 306 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 886 315 386 117 179 77 85 48 64 91 388 1,017 514 "32 97 67 1,481 2,202 1,462 1,975 2,800 1,208 89 "116 705 396 1,134 1,161 747 1,176 1,770 22 40 1,000 9 25 2 3 14 18 "2,230 1,000 205 195 7 71 290 58 (") 1,000 205 110 63 123 222 7,728 225 298 64 26 17 79 47 501 40 297 257 276 434 629 191 1,493 »» 596 296 560 355 346 615 202 "27 24 (»») 295 55 82 75 71 83 12 19 642 1,718 Bicycles produced 931 1,003 685 418 349 475 «» 997 1,409 Farm wagons, trucks, and business vehicles 3,213 1,438 1,164 1,018 1,107 9,839 (..) (..) 1,140 Carriages, buggies, and sulkies "33 209 197 80 "42 517 155 135 58 68 49 58 64 1,393 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 696 Horse-drawn vehicles produced Trailer coaches, housing type, shipped 11 140 131 113 119 126 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1915 1914 1913.. 1912 1911 Hometype radiophonograph combinations shipped 11 1,142 1,212 1,052 1,112 1,132 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 Hometype radio Fluores- receivers cent, hot shipped 11 cathode Transportation equipment Mil 107 "2.05 108 1.75 218 2.88 1 52 1.25 1 106 1.13 1 98 .66 1 53 .32 1 27 .26 4 106 .31 8 112 .26 22 196 .30 40 193 .49 34 67 .22 216 342 .47 538 534 .30 828 588 .17 937 644 .23 905 570 1.11 PHYSICAL OUTPUT A N D PRODUCTION CAPACITY Series P 231-300. Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con. Transportation equipment—Con. Transportation equipment—Con. Year Locomotives produced Railroad Railroad freight cars produced cars produced Year Railroad passenger cars produced Railroad freight cars produced 293 294 295 1898 1897 1896 1895 1,875 251 1,175 1,101 699 494 474 430 1894 1893 1892 1891 695 2,011 2,012 2,165 516 1,986 2,195 1,640 17 57 98 96 2,300 1,860 2,180 2,044 1,654 1,580 1,452 1,277 104 71 72 78 1882 1881 1880 1879 ___ 1886 1885 1884 1883 1,436 800 1,149 2,067 953 813 1,063 2,135 42 13 25 45 1878 1877_ __ 1876 299 300 1,000 1967 1963 1958 1954 1947 1,000 199 214 159 152 148 Organs produced 299 300 1939 1937 1935 1931 1929- - _ Year 301 302 303 293 294 295 Year Railroad passenger cars produced Railroad freight cars produced 294 295 2,282 1,977 1,405 1,000 1,711 1,188 685 524 68 74 46 26 211 708 836 9 7 8 1875 1874 1873 1872 1871 185 256 280 387 185 Miscellaneous Pianos produced Organs produced 299 300 1927 1925 1923 1921__ _ _ 1919 Year Pianos produced Organs produced 299 300 1,000 212 303 344 218 338 9 5 6 9 2 1,000 3.1 4.4 7.8 7.9 26.4 1914__ 1909 _ ___ 1904 1899 ___ 1,000 323 364 261 172 40.5 64.1 113 107 Bessemer included with open hearth. Includes bicycle tires. Excludes motorcycle tires. 24 Excludes amount produced and consumed in same works. 26 Prior to 1961, represents thousands of short tons of metal consumed in manufacture of cans. Comparable figure for 1961 is 5,039 thousand. 26 For October-December, excludes standard portable typewriters and specialized typewriters (i.e., specialized composing typewriters, coded media typewriters, and input/output typewriters). 27 Represents tinplate cans shipped. 28 Excludes other than free-standing ranges. 29 Excludes specialized typewriters. 30 Listed as self-contained window sill type. 81 Amount produced. 82 Represents orders booked rather than shipments; comparable figure for 1944 is 226 thousand. 88 2 Vi kw. and over. 34 Represents sales. 89 Includes disk stoves and hotplates. 86 Includes rebuilt locomotives. 87 Represents shipments. For bicycles, 1963 and 1967, excludes children's 2-wheel sidewalk cycles with semipneumatic tires. 88 Civilian only. 89 For phonographs, amount produced, 1921-1929. Radio-phonograph combinations included with phonographs, 1919-1925. 40 N o t strictly comparable with later years because of changes in classification. 41 Represents electronic organs shipped. 21 22 28 Total Production Capacity of Selected Manufacturing Industries: 1887 to 1970 Capacity is usually rated as of January 1. Lead refining Copper refining 2 Railroad freight cars produced 1,000 1.7 1.3 2.7 [In thousands of short tons unless otherwise stated. Blast furnaces (Pig iron) Year 1,000 111 103 61 51 121 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. Represents zero. NA Not available. Z Less than 500 short tons. 1 Figures for 1915-1929 are for crop years ending June; all others are for calendar years. The 1914 crop year figure is 114.2 million barrels. The 1929 calendar year figure is 120.0 million barrels. 2 Figures are for years ending June 30. 8 Prior to 1959, shortening only; figures for salad and cooking oils not collected. 4 Includes large and small sizes. 6 Data for 53 weeks. 6 Includes boys' uniform clothing. 7 Excludes separate coats. 8 Includes children's and infants'. 9 Alcoholic content limited to 3.2 percent by weight from Apr. 7 - D e c . 5, 1933. 10 Includes 1,589 thousand barrels produced prior to Apr. 7 (effective date of the Act of Mar. 22, 1933). 11 From beginning of series through 1939, represents amount produced. 12 Beginning 1964, includes kerosene type jet fuel. 18 Tufted only. 14 Represents only reported quantities produced; not adjusted to include estimated production for establishments not reporting. 16 For 1939-1949, excludes flakes and powders; for 1939-1942, also excludes solids. 16 Amount for sale. 17 Beginning 1959, includes Hawaii. 18 Beginning 1953, includes production by basic oxygen process, not shown separately here. 19 Represents shipments of heavy steel structural shapes; comparable figure for 1968 is 5,557 thousand. 20 Represents shipments of steel products; comparable figure for 1968 is 91,856 thousand. Steel ingots and steel for castings 1 Railroad passenger cars produced Miscellaneous Pianos produced 1,000 "141.9 88.6 Series P 301-317. Locomotives produced Miscellaneous Year Transportation equipment—Con. 1,000 1890 1889 1888 1887 Miscellaneous Organs produced Year 1,000 100 44 51 38 Pianos produced Transportation equipment—Con. Locomotives produced 1,000 Year P 293-317 Silverlead refineries Smelters and refiners of Missouri lead 304 305 Zinc refining a Aluminum ingots Portland cement Crude petroleum refining (mil. 42gal. bbl.) 306 307 308 309 See text for exception] Coke Byproduct (slot type) Beehive 310 311 Carbon black Sulfuric acid Phosphatic fertilizers 4 Total combined nitrogen Rayon and acetate yarn, staple and tow Paper and paperboard 312 313 314 315 316 317 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 2,676 2,676 2,643 2,522 2,431 350 422 422 500 402 435 415 390 300 120 1,253 1,288 1,310 1,294 1,264 4,121 3,863 3,668 3,319 2,968 93,349 93,682 93,521 91,588 89,194 4,407 4,285 4,221 3,927 3,830 1,877 1,832 1,668 1,551 1,464 29,676 29,537 28,544 28,815 28,385 4,496 4,290 4,149 4,695 4,450 13,135 12,713 12,120 12,194 10,605 857 865 858 843 860 58,372 56,241 53,978 51,410 48,073 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 2,421 2,365 2,335 2,335 2,342 488 488 488 488 488 120 120 120 120 120 1,278 1,267 1,252 1,203 1,199 2,795 2,553 2,509 2,489 2,484 88,664 88,451 86,757 81,878 80,265 3,933 3,801 3,693 3,682 3 , 6 5 4 "~78~877 1,467 1,327 1,282 1,287 1,264 24,857 22,924 20,936 19,701 17,848 3,834 3,482 3,231 2,823 2,743 8,869 7,634 6,693 5,810 5,207 855 818 747 727 711 46,250 44,671 43,423 42,800 41,334 4^616 See footnotes at end of table. 697 P 301-317 MANUFACTURES Series P 301-317. Total Production Capacity of Selected Manufacturing Industries: 1887 to 1970—Con. [In thousands of short tons unless otherwise stated] Lead refining Year Blast furnaces (Pig iron) Steel ingots and steel for castings 1 Copper refining * 301 302 303 Silverlead refineries Smelters and refiners of Missouri lead 304 305 Zinc refining 3 Aluminum ingots Portland cement Crude petroleum refining (mil. 42gal. bbl.) 306 307 308 309 Coke Byproduct (slot type) Beehive 310 311 Carbon black Sulfuric acid Phosphatic fertilizers 4 Total combined nitrogen Rayon and acetate yarn, staple and tow 312 313 314 315 316 Paper and paperboard 317 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 96,521 94,635 91.000 86,818 86,485 148,571 147,634 140,743 133,459 128,363 2,332 2,309 2,109 2,064 2,064 488 488 660 560 628 248 248 248 258 268 1,191 1,176 1,173 1,159 1,161 2,464 2,403 2,230 1,776 1,689 '77,906 74,596 70,385 64,699 58,562 >3,624 3,684 3,434 3,330 3,159 81,448 82,498 80,299 79,965 79,676 4,369 5,020 5,603 5,766 6,285 1,174 1,051 1,028 1,085 1,016 17,883 17,609 15,950 19,600 18,600 2,672 2.641 2,423 4,550 4,590 4,818 4,520 3,879 3,711 3,631 734 * 4 0 , 2 3 2 732 38,641 709 37,351 768 35,021 750 33,169 1955 1954 1953 1962 1951 83,971 82.001 79,380 73,782 72,472 126,828 124,330 117,547 108,588 104,230 1,862 1,896 1,647 1,599 1,599 628 628 628 628 628 258 258 242 238 238 1,110 1,094 1,014 995 966 1,388 1,311 1,142 846 750 55,324 64,050 52,624 52,156 49,712 3,074 2,923 2.788 2,684 2,642 78,596 78,258 76,428 74,228 72,488 8,078 10,073 12,005 13,859 11,572 990 966 975 1,030 942 17,440 15,970 14,560 14,220 13,410 4.642 4,329 3,720 3,432 3,349 3,194 2,474 2,002 1,955 1,593 785 826 805 745 708 30,025 29,089 27,864 26,789 26,069 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 71,660 70,542 67,439 65,709 67,341 99,983 96,121 94,233 91,241 91,891 1,557 1,647 1,557 1,585 1,720 628 628 653 663 737 238 238 238 238 238 986 974 1,000 1,000 1,100 633 679 676 762 786 48,000 47,326 46,362 45,086 45,108 2,444 2,350 2,209 2,033 1,940 73,710 74,500 72,649 71,113 71.399 8,672 9,076 8,844 8,427 8,095 744 758 736 743 668 13,000 2,896 1,565 1,389 1,389 1,394 1,384 641 587 586 511 446 25,048 23,389 22,025 20,420 20,282 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 67,314 67,921 64,1 6 4,1 88 60,607 57,775 95,505 93,854 90,589 88,887 85,158 1,720 1,596 1,663 1,561 1,549 767 767 767 767 845 246 279 (Z) 361 313 1,084 1,097 1,069 950 787 704 1,164 771 391 245 44,916 46,319 46,669 46,416 47,707 1,935 1,864 1.789 1,809 1,722 72,330 71,378 64,555 62,562 62,220 10,438 11,230 10,409 11,210 (Z) 663 472 395 330 313 10,500 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 55,724 56,326 56,782 55,657 55.854 81,619 81,829 80,186 78,148 78,164 1,572 1,642 1,642 1,642 1,613 851 861 863 809 785 317 317 317 317 333 1,313 1,346 1,413 1,368 1,379 188 131 144 133 130 48,142 48,071 47,982 48,035 49,240 1,694 1,646 1,588 1,568 1,507 62,955 61,272 62,727 62,076 62,403 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) 317 313 317 317 261 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 57,0 5 7,0 98 57,243 56,511 57.949 68,979 78,452 78,128 76,767 76,898 75,328 1,624 1,624 1,612 1,612 1,630 799 896 823 781 775 333 417 417 417 417 1,489 1,489 1,458 1,424 1,447 130 132 134 132 125 49,389 50,646 51,006 51,108 50,768 1,481 1,430 1,420 1,469 1,439 62,757 63,050 62,645 63,491 61,468 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) 266 240 231 227 249 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 57.855 57,382 56,596 58,701 57,288 71,042 69,584 66,960 65,344 62,925 1,528 1,520 1,620 1,490 1,375 771 711 711 407 407 437 437 437 1,491 1,575 1,697 1,692 1,625 113 100 83 82 (NA) 48,676 45,816 42,691 40,476 36,389 1,374 1,281 1,190 1,117 1,041 60,167 60,357 57,852 62,666 48,184 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) 270 263 228 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 59,847 59,006 59,009 58,786 57.950 65,962 64,137 63,383 63,135 61,928 1,335 1,318 1,348 1,348 1,348 427 372 372 348 342 1,478 1,486 1,409 1,439 1,439 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 32,919 30,429 27,486 26,693 27,523 1,032 1,027 46,809 45,058 43,763 43,854 42,821 (Z) (Z) (Z) 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 56,249 55,182 53,701 51,368 5 0,4 38 50,4 60,220 59,174 57,083 53,914 49,266 1,384 1,408 1,408 1,244 946 (NA) 63 (NA) (NA) (NA) 25,209 25,869 25,709 25,132 24,402 659 473 434 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 49,734 49,723 48,448 44,454 42,678 889 884 824 747 724 45 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 21,620 21,620 20,680 21,150 18,362 644 587 581 568 17 17,578 1910 1909 1908 1907 1905 1904 1901 1900 1898 1896 1895 1894 1892 1891 1889 1887 ~~34~074 36,545 27,262 23,961 26,919 23,276 18,124 16,639 13,236 10,780 8,332 7,195 5,852 38,200 33,700 25,900 21,600 18.400 49,300 61,000 53,000 55,000 55,000 16,600 15,000 12,800 10,200 8,600 56,300 57,200 57,900 58,900 59,100 (Z) (Z) 58,200 57,100 2,291 1,327 1,191 797 455 390 1,692 380 375 370 359 342 341 341 347 357 261 1,644 300 19,260 18,830 18,755 18,492 16,891 253 220 183 163 147 16,557 16,191 15,573 14,458 13,986 105 13,888 13,728 13,728 13,972 13,643 370 81 236 212 116 66 65 13,704 12,933 12,536 12,000 11,623 55 54 10,500 9,725 8,970 8,614 8,540 1,447 7,671 7,500 7,000 6,440 1 943 5,293 3,858 336 2,782 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. NA N o t available. Z Less than 600 tons. 1 From open hearth, Bessemer, crucible, and electric furnaces. 3 1 9 4 4 - 1 9 7 0 includes electrolytic refining capacity plus Lake Superior and fire refined; 1907-1943, electrolytic capacity only. 698 770 689 2,834 2,604 3 1941-1970, slab zinc; 1926-1940, distillation and electrolytic zinc; 1921-1925, distillation zinc. 4 Available phosphoric oxide (PaO«). 5 Beginning 1960, includes Hawaii. " Beginning 1960, includes Hawaii; includes Alaska for all years. VALUE OF OUTPUT P 318-331 Series P 318-374. Value of Output of Finished Commodities and Construction Materials Destined for Domestic Consumption at Current Producers' Prices, and Implicit Price Indexes for Major Commodity Groups (Shaw): 1869 to 1939 [In millions of dollars] Perishable Food and kindred products Total, all Year commodities Total 318 319 1939 193S 1937 1936 31,277.7 28,156.7 33,667.8 30,258.1 16,073.5 15,721.6 17,295.3 16,239.0 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931... 26,744.7 23,166.7 18,454.1 17,727.8 24,243.3 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 Manufactured Nonmanufactured 320 321 Semidurable Cigars, cigarettes, and tobacco Drug, toilet, and household preparations Magazines, newspapers, misc. paper supplies, etc. 322 323 324 Fuel and lighting products Total Manufactured Nonmanufactured 325 326 327 5,490.6 4,852.7 5,591.3 4,775.8 9,402.3 3,683.0 1,274.1 818.4 601.9 1,335.0 180.6 14,571.7 12,987.2 10,872.9 10,754.9 13,431.7 7,884.9 3,183.6 1,096.4 727.7 527.2 952.2 199.7 5,509.5 5,183.0 6,730.2 2,451.1 2,408.1 3,133.4 910.7 1,006.6 1,154.9 626.0 624.4 809.0 470.1 492.6 573.5 707.2 830.6 740.2 198.3 209.5 290.5 4,937.6 4,501.6 3,772.8 3,526.1 4,931.4 31,260.7 37,782.6 35,892.9 34,410.2 35,856.6 16,590.5 18,384.0 17,911.1 17,263.6 17,784.6 8,497.5 9,463.9 9,111.7 8,827.3 9,039.8 3,996.8 4,358.3 4,466.9 4,360.2 4,467.4 1,141.8 1,243.6 1,168.7 1,164.5 1,127.2 891.0 984.2 932.3 851.9 783.3 644.8 683.9 661.6 648.4 632.8 1,052.2 1,237.8 1,153.3 968.9 1,220.7 366.3 412.3 416.4 452.5 513.4 1925 1924 1923 1922.. 1921 34,046.3 30,957.7 32,168.5 27,393.8 25,864.0 16,870.5 15,573.6 15,176.0 14,059.4 14,022.9 8,684.0 7,981.3 7,554.6 6,837.6 6,548.7 4,335.8 3,948.0 4,012.9 3,843.0 4,182.4 1,094.4 1,073.2 1,050.3 1,002.1 1,053.0 767.0 718.6 698.5 624.6 562.2 615.7 563.0 550.7 499.9 474.5 990.1 781.3 746.4 888.4 714.9 1920 1919 ^ 1919 s 1918. 1917 1916 37,285.2 34,032.4 33,265.3 29,979.8 24,545.5 18,389.4 19,236.2 17,392.4 17,215.5 15,807.2 13,174.1 9,893.2 10,301.4 9,468.2 9,312.4 8,583.6 6,925.7 5,380.1 4,696.3 4,720.2 4,709.0 4,280.8 3,907.2 2,693.6 1,195.5 1,008.4 1,000.0 864.0 629.5 622.4 765.6 667.8 660.1 636.1 511.5 420.7 675.9 439.8 458.7 446.5 407.5 352.2 1915 1914 1913. 1912 1911 13,986.1 14,054.0 14,632.8 14,028.0 12,749.4 8,079.8 8,296.5 8,230.2 8,100.8 7,491.3 4,342.1 4,484.8 4,441.9 4,342.3 3,980.1 2,310.3 2,380.1 2,315.9 2,410.5 2,235.7 478.6 500.9 506.8 468.9 460.4 331.0 289.0 294.9 289.4 278.8 312,659.2 11,825.3 10,191.1 11,524.3 10,752.5 7,386.0 6,922.1 5,988.1 6,452.7 5,912.7 3.823.5 3,617.7 2,974.7 3,389.7 3,121.0 2,306.1 2,112.5 1,915.7 1,886.9 1,719.6 464.0 430.5 399.8 406.2 398.1 1905 1904. 1903 1902 1901 9,451.0 8,734.3 8,702.1 8,227.5 7,782.2 5,403.6 5,167.7 5,012.7 4,764.7 4,620.5 2,856.7 2,601.5 2,516.7 2,403.1 2,365.0 1,540.0 1,614.9 1,518.9 1,519.3 1,420.9 1900 1899 1898. 1897 1896 7,120.8 6,586.2 5,708.0 5,376.1 5,003.4 4,100.8 3,820.9 3,431.7 3,222.6 2,944.0 2,083.9 1,955.5 1,707.9 1,633.7 1,436.2 1895. 1894 1893.. . . 1892 1891 5,227.2 4,752.3 5,500.4 5,331.3 5,284.3 3,119.1 2,916.3 3,314,4 2,908.8 2,964.9 5,002.2 5,080.4 3,441.7 2,813.3 2,705.3 2,905.7 1,996.1 1,594.2 1910 1909 1908. 1907 1906 — _ 1890 1889 1879 1869. Dry goods and notions Clothing and personal furnishings and other footwear Housefurnishrngs 328 329 330 331 712.9 3,258.6 828.3 576.0 3,039.1 693.4 273.7 390.4 317.5 >459.4 2,274.6 2,183.4 3,087.9 597.3 546.3 705.1 218.2 187.5 256.6 6,069.4 7,458.3 7,383.2 7,390.7 7,296.6 574.4 791.0 769.1 798.6 803.5 8,767.8 4,616.4 4,385.6 4,360.2 4,186.6 860.3 1,081.9 1,074.9 1,077.6 1,073.9 347.8 416.6 401.5 396.9 438.1 383.5 608.2 562.7 363.9 487.3 7,134.0 6,401.4 7,230.3 6,313.9 5,631.7 816.0 700.7 861.9 681.5 607.4 4,149.2 3,743.9 4,347.4 3,865.4 3,345.3 1,044.8 1,061.7 1,128.2 993.0 953.5 404.8 358.4 377.3 307.1 277.9 1,044.8 668.4 630.7 580.7 425.7 262.6 566.8 419.5 444.5 416.5 366.9 261.7 7,872.8 7,019.9 6,770.2 6,076.1 4,790.6 3,573.7 903.6 806.5 890.9 854.8 620.3 461.6 4,382.8 3,932.9 3,817.9 3,361.1 2,622.7 2,025.3 1,368.2 1,264.2 1,187.6 1,043.2 863.4 705.5 390.5 324.0 212.0 199.9 156.7 112.2 255.6 264.4 243.9 233.6 211.3 141.7 160.4 191.3 142.0 119.1 220.5 226.9 235.3 214.0 205.9 2,635.7 2,709.5 2,900.2 2,754.4 2,571.4 317.0 337.8 348.6 363.2 326.3 1,533.9 1,598.1 1,721.6 1,656.7 1,660.0 520.6 523.8 583.8 531.4 500.8 85.8 90.0 95.5 85.6 80.0 266.8 250.3 234.1 249.3 225.4 209.9 210.6 156.8 196.7 184.3 121.0 124.7 125.8 128.5 102.9 194.8 175.8 181.3 196.5 161.3 2,417.3 2,447.0 2,155.6 2,310.1 2,244.2 349.5 368.0 295.5 375.5 348.2 1,408.3 1,459.7 1,287.0 1,335.4 1,314.7 486.0 467.9 452.1 454.4 448.9 83.0 75.0 60.1 68.2 69.6 357.2 339.2 346.0 325.1 327.9 215.8 182.3 183.1 174.0 155.2 172.5 159.7 154.2 151.3 134.9 94.4 109.2 111.5 89.7 84.7 167.0 160.8 182.3 102.2 132.0 1,925.3 1,746.5 1,734.7 1,613.8 1,528.5 318.3 285.1 302.1 298.7 271.1 1,099.7 992.6 981.8 892.8 837.9 395.9 368.9 352.5 325.9 327.4 55.7 52.9 53.9 53.2 49.4 1,249.1 1,160.9 1,121.4 1,032.1 927.5 304.0 267.4 226.9 197.3 193.0 136.2 134.6 122.4 115.6 112.7 122.3 113.0 103.2 92.6 90.0 100.3 87.7 63.9 62.4 92.8 105.0 101.8 86.0 89.0 91.9 1,465.7 1,374.4 1,175.8 1,154.0 1,064.6 271.9 255.8 227.4 232.3 215.5 817.4 743.7 608.2 596.8 549.5 289.8 292.9 261.9 246.3 228.9 49.8 42.5 35.9 35.7 35.5 1,443.7 1,337.9 1,555.3 1,251.4 1,308.5 1,079.0 1,012.3 1,182.7 1,062.3 1,079.2 202.4 218.1 218.5 230.5 226.6 111.3 102.9 104.9 104.7 97.9 94.1 92.9 98.3 109.3 101.2 95.8 61.9 54.0 52.1 62.7 92.9 90.3 100.7 98.5 88.9 1,114.7 970.9 1,124.2 1,255.8 1,196.9 265.7 209.9 259.4 297.2 289.3 542.2 478.1 566.9 632.8 603.3 236.0 228.0 233.6 268.8 244.2 36.4 32.4 35.9 37.0 35.3 1,155.5 1,434.3 962.9 673.1 991.4 956.6 716.5 699.1 215.4 202.6 119.7 74.7 90.1 81.6 40.4 37.7 97.3 93.9 61.5 30.6 75.4 59.5 39.7 29.4 80.2 77.2 55.5 49.7 1,196.0 1,132.9 828.2 665.4 299.6 281.7 263.1 224.5 588.8 560.8 358.2 229.8 249.8 236.1 173.7 185.3 34.5 32.1 16.2 12.8 340.1 See footnotes at end of table. 699 MANUFACTURES P 332-345 Series P 318-374. Value of Output of Finished Commodities and Construction Materials Destined for Domestic Consumption at Current Producers' Prices, and Implicit Price Indexes for Major Commodity Groups (Shaw): 1869 to 1939—Con. [In millions of dollars] Consumer durable Semidurable—Con. Year Toys, games, and sporting goods 1939 _ 1938. 1937. 1936. Heating and cooking apparatus, etc. Electrical household appliances and supplies Radios Housefurnishings China and household utensils Jewelry, silverware, clocks, and watches Printing and publishing books Luggage 343 344 Tires and tubes Total Housebold furniture 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 478.7 341.0 332.6 218.0 640.9 241.6 52.0 272.6 161.6 4,973.1 3,747.3 5.742.1 6,168.0 Musical instruments 190.2 261.2 1935. 1934. 1933. 1932. 1931. 140.3 215.1 237.5 31.5 189.5 131.1 196.7 194.5 273.4 4.256.8 3.307.2 2.321.3 2.047.4 3.251.9 323.7 95.8 96.9 149.1 226.9 205.4 333.2 147.1 123.0 206.2 110.3 82.2 144.4 98.0 94.2 154.7 311.6 252.0 373.6 150.4 138.9 185.9 24.1 35.0 48.7 116.0 108.5 178.8 92.1 102.9 141.5 19.1 18.4 29.4 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926. 182.2 214.6 200.9 182.5 177.2 336.9 437.8 551.0 574.9 616.3 4.272.6 6.312.0 5.936.1 5.435.8 6,109.0 441.4 600.4 629.3 625.5 638.2 254.2 347.3 314.2 339.4 364.3 160.0 230.6 366.0 298.7 181.5 206.7 402.7 643.3 627.5 584.7 591.6 196.4 274.0 275.7 229.3 271.6 103.4 1-11.9 148.6 176.2 189.3 263.8 402.7 396.3 387.6 398.9 174.3 192.3 179.7 172.1 155.4 44.5 70.3 67.9 65.9 66.4 1925. 1924. 1923. 1922. 1921. 164.2 154.6 167.1 131.1 124.1 555.1 382.0 348.3 336.8 323.5 5.785.7 5,034.3 5.366.7 4.056.5 3,270.3 622.9 614.0 578.9 501.1 466.6 346.1 322.2 322.0 239.2 186.5 106.3 83.4 76.3 58.6 63.2 168.2 139.3 50.3 26.9 604.0 547.1 600.0 470.0 374.6 240.1 181.5 239.0 167.7 166.8 173.6 178.5 215.1 187.7 166.4 384.3 363.9 388.1 327.0 263.1 149.8 145.0 130.7 124.9 122.0 66.4 57.8 69.2 52.6 51.0 1920.. 1919 «_ 1919 2 . 1918... 1917.. 1916... 148.8 155.8 146.4 125.8 198.5 113.0 678.9 546.6 515.4 491.3 329.1 156.1 4.899.3 4.075.6 3.921.2 2.646.9 2.799.0 2.396.1 620.5 509.0 494.7 329.0 300.6 271.7 345.6 242.5 263.5 216.8 194.2 142.5 82.8 17.0 14.3 574.8 430.2 375.2 320.1 265.7 201.7 230.1 197.6 221.7 160.9 264.2 242.0 248.3 144.2 134.7 116.2 383.2 427.8 409.7 194.9 219.2 221.7 140.0 128.2 127.4 99.2 89.8 76.7 78.2 70.4 64.2 52.2 36.7 39.6 1915. 1914.. 1913. 1912. 1911- 73.5 67.1 64.0 59.3 58.7 104.9 92.7 119.4 110.5 124.9 131.5 104.1 181.4 190.7 209.3 199.1 187.5 126.1 125.9 130.2 122.4 116.7 90.2 91.6 104.4 95.2 81.3 144.1 154.6 196.0 190.9 186.1 73.3 26.9 58.3 45.5 212.3 222.5 236.7 220.5 204.1 23.7 86.6 1.700.2 1.570.4 1.675.1 1.538.4 1.339.2 77.8 66.3 69.1 34.0 33.9 36.1 1910. 1909. 1908. 1907. 1906. 54.4 62.9 43.3 60.9 50.4 36.0 23.4 17.5 15.6 12.5 1,331.6 1.212.8 1,011.0 1,178.1 1.129.5 202.4 192.0 152.6 186.1 190.3 97.3 93.8 84.2 16.3 103.4 101.2 10.2 8.0 195.7 184.2 147.1 182.8 185.8 114.1 102.9 93.6 120.7 77.6 76.8 63.0 87.8 81.2 186.1 175.9 128.6 180.9 174.0 60.3 62.9 53.8 56.8 65.9 32.8 28.5 23.6 27.7 23.9 1905. 1904. 1903. 1902. 1901. 46.3 41.3 40.1 37.8 36.5 9.3 5.7 4.3 5.5 954.8 826.9 825.7 786.3 718.9 160.8 142.4 139.2 129.4 118.7 85.8 73.6 78.8 78.6 70.7 4.7 3.3 3.8 3.2 156.7 146.2 152.5 146.8 128.8 108.7 91.7 90.8 78.5 73.5 71.1 57.7 65.1 57.2 48.8 144.1 120.9 120.5 117.0 103.6 56.7 53.6 51.5 49.2 47.4 20.1 1900. 1899. 1898. 1897. 1896. 29.0 27.0 23.4 24.8 25.4 7.8 12.7 19.0 668.7 634.3 528.9 506.5 475.2 106.9 104.1 89.4 88.4 90.2 61.9 59.2 46.3 60.7 45.6 2.4 1.9 126.8 69.5 60.9 52.0 51.0 51.0 42.4 34.2 27.8 24.5 22.8 100.0 97.1 74.0 63.6 58.5 44.3 45.0 40.8 33.7 34.6 12.0 12.6 1895. 1894. 1893. 1892. 1891. 26.4 22.4 28.4 25.0 24.8 7.9 497.7 429.3 496.3 579.3 556.8 94.0 82.4 115.0 100.5 35.5 31.0 35.3 38.9 39.1 102.6 100.2 45.9 39.3 43.5 52.9 51.7 27.9 19.9 23.2 34.6 33.0 69.2 58.3 71.7 90.3 86.7 35.6 28.4 34.3 34.9 33.4 1890. 1889. 1879 _ 1869 _ 23.3 22.3 17.0 13.0 538.7 499.2 304.3 262.7 95.3 93.4 65.2 58.5 37.9 38.9 23.0 26.4 103.9 97.6 56.7 40.1 49.3 46.4 31.2 32.9 28.2 14.3 90.2 74.6 43.3 41.6 33.9 34.7 19.1 8.4 See footnotes at end of table. 700 6.2 18.1 9.8 167.4 176.7 152.7 146.3 137.5 65.1 84.5 67.5 58.8 41.2 18.8 22.2 19.7 15.7 11.8 7.7 2.6 12.2 288.6 234.9 115.6 95.4 96.0 90.6 88.9 100.1 112.6 114.9 122.6 26.0 10.8 68.1 42.5 26.6 18.9 15.8 14.9 13.1 8.8 8.8 9.2 8.9 11.1 12.9 15.6 13.9 13.4 10.7 7.1 7.7 VALUE OF OUTPUT P 346-359 Series P 318-374. Value of Output of Finished Commodities and Construction Materials Destined for Domestic Consumption at Current Producers' Prices, and Implicit Price Indexes for Major Commodity Groups (Shaw): 1869 to 1939—Con. [In millions of dollars] Producer durable Consumer durable—Con. Year Motor vehicle accessories Passenger vehicles (horse drawn) and accessories Motorcycles and bicycles 346 347 348 1939. 1938 1937 1936 1935. _ . 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929___ 1928_ 1927 1926 Monuments and tombstones 349 350 351 Tractors Electrical equipment, industrial and commercial Farm equip ment 354 355 1,883.7 223.7 1,126.0 577.1 525.8 938.2 Total Industrial machinery and equipment 352 353 4.740.5 3,835.1 5,039.1 4,085.3 Office and store machinery and equipment Office and store furniture and fixtures Locomotive and railroad cars 356 357 358 359 673.8 668 5 204 9 176.8 119 1 133.3 361.2 345.3 140 6 111.1 33 0 12.6 15 8 19.6 200.9 215.5 499.5 78 8 70 9 163 4 78 8 78 5 116 fi 70.3 74.9 151.7 13 6 37 0 78 0 338 386 356 340 4 355 4 165 3 217 8 213 201 9 200 1 203.5 288.7 245.8 249.0 242.3 352 7 347 245 1 318 399 3 196 4 179.2 182 132 4 114.0 236.1 229.5 201.3 136.8 115.5 353 481 635 265 313 6 6 135.1 100.3 86.4 65.7 61.3 51.6 563 560 460 734 610 363 3 7 9 0 6 4 594.6 30.8 25.4 70 9 26 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ 463.6 16 8 14.1 50 1 21.3 __ _ _ _ _ _ 228.2 211.9 273.1 7 5 4 7 7 fi 4.8 9.3 16.8 39 1 32.0 40 3 20 8 25.7 43 2.978.6 2,370.7 1,487.1 1,399.4 2,628.3 _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 326.1 407.6 411.7 419.8 440.2 9 10 12 10 11 2 6 n 1 9 24.6 26.2 17.4 17.8 22.4 48 52 48 49 46 54 63 61 61 63 n 9 8 4,328.2 5,628.4 4,662.5 4,320.2 4,667.5 1,457.8 2,017.2 1,644.1 1,476.0 1,606.8 95 121 104 91 87 4 8 1 3 4 722.2 1,000.1 895.0 741.2 776.4 444.3 337.2 355.8 243.4 169.5 11.3 13 0 16 3 8 9 10 9. 15.0 14.0 12.1 6.2 9.4 46 6 48 58 5 48 46 fi fi fi 66 8 66 4 65 47 46 9 fi fi 4,256.0 3,948.5 4,395.5 2.964.0 2.939.1 1,486.4 1.303.8 1.510.9 1,085.2 922.8 70 52 63 43 49 3 1 5 4 666.2 655.0 598.1 415.8 406.6 306 265 315 160 248 14.7 13.9 5.1 1.5 3.3 4.0 67 58 45 71 36 23 8 82 73 73 50 42 37 3 4 4 0 3 9 5,277.0 5,544.5 5,358.4 5,449.7 3,781.8 2.526.3 1,635.8 1,434.3 1,440.5 1,575.8 1,358.1 906.0 197 4 171.6 152 136 50 7 25 8 557.9 460.8 365.7 339.9 325.2 253.9 270 394 343 301 250 237 1 160 156.4 125 4 157 8 140 5 98 8 7 7 4 1 160.2 147.0 177.1 162.1 133.5 205 1 187 8 202.4 187 3 168.2 63.0 50 9 55 4 50 2 43 8 43.3 50.8 54.3 54.3 48.7 142 203 9. 422 303 4 161 7 50.1 48.6 40.4 49.1 50.7 203 127 137 351 299 43.1 38.2 214 3 162 7 1925. 1924__ 1923. 1922. 1921. _ _ 1920. 1919 1919 1918 1917 1916_ Pleasure craft Ophthalmic products and artificial limbs _„ ___ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1915. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1914. _ 1913. 1912 1911 1910 1909. 1908. 1907 1906 313.4 282.6 168.0 85.8 120.5 104.0 26.4 35.3 38.8 31.0 20 8 24 19.0 18 9 16.7 16 3 61.0 49.9 46.1 39.3 26.3 30.5 35.6 40.1 41.6 45.9 13 16 21 12 9 3 2 9 26.9 21.1 17.3 11.3 7.8 53.3 49.8 48.8 63.8 62.4 7 5 4 6 4 4.3 2.5 61.2 57.8 _._ _ _ _ _ _ 19051904. _ _ _ _ - ft fi 3 1 7 7 6 9 n 1 5 9 9 fi fi fi fi 4 3 6 9 5 9 4.4 4.3 3.4 6.1 4.3 10 10 9 9 7 42 38 40 38 34 6 4 9 a 5 si,524.2 1.243.4 1.036.5 1,583.5 1,466.1 512.4 446.9 331.2 510.9 504.6 144.4 111.2 83.2 127.5 119.9 170.6 166 5 137 7 161 160 48.4 40 1 27 9 42 7 38 8 5 4 2 5 3.8 3.1 28 7 25 7 1,167.3 993.2 404.7 327.1 84.9 75.9 130 2 125 2 28 20 3 ft 7 5 3 4 9 7 1 5 6 22 16 4 8 348 349 350 351 1895 1894 1893 __ 1892 1891_ _ 1890_ 1889 1879 _ 1869 __ ._ fi 10 18 27 27 14 45 50 58 63 62 2 9 14 1 60 54 35 35 4 0 1 7 5 9 3 5 9 8 0 9 fi 3 4 1 9 Total 352 3 6 3 5 3 7 5 8 5 7 5 2 25 9 27 9 23 2 1,129.0 1,062.7 914.3 2 2 1 1 1 7 1 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 7 8 3 0 8 18 20 17 16 13 4 3 5 6 4 1 3 1 0 1 4 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 7 3 8 8 9 9 9 13 14 11 16 16 1 1 5 9 2.6 2 3 8 4 17 15 7 6 fi fi fi fi 9, fi fi ft fi fi 1 1 fi ?. fi 3 0 1 2 4 Producer durable—Con. 347 1 ft ft Monuments and tombstones 50 53 43 40 39 fi 536.8 460.2 543.4 517.1 476.6 Ophthal mic products and artificial limbs 1900 1899 1898 1897 1896— fi 6 8 8 1.570.4 1,477.6 1.827.3 1.634.5 1.347.6 Pleasure craft 4 2 6 4 7 7 ft 37 5 41 42 1 40 3 42.4 Motorcycles and bicycles 56 7 58 8 64 1 fi 9 5 7 1 20 2 15 6 12 3 10 6 10.9 Passenger vehicles (horse drawn) and accessories 1903 1902___ 1901 fi 3.4 3.6 4.1 3.9 4.3 Consumer durable—Con. Year fi fi fi Industrial machinery and equipment Electrical equipment, industrial and commer cial Farm equipment Office and store machinery and equipment Office and store furniture and fixtures Locomotive and railroad cars 353 355 356 357 358 359 405 9 371 3 330 3 91 9 80 6 68 5 120.2 152.9 110 4 23 9 21 9 18 9 37.8 33.6 30.2 194.6 157.8 127.4 895.6 756.6 571.6 492.9 519.6 347 267 194 182 209 9 3 8 68 56 34 24 20 2 1 3 4 5 100.6 99.4 85 6 58 4 46 6 19 14 10 9 11 7 3 6 7 6 27.2 24.2 21.4 21.8 22.fi 130.0 114.1 82.1 67.7 75.2 193 1 157 7 184 9 196 185 20 15 16 22 23 0 8 fi 7 495.7 435.7 565.5 587.4 565.7 59 3 58 7 71 9 75 75 3 10 7 8 6 9 9 8 9 fi ft 23.7 21.2 26.1 30.1 26.8 53.7 47.4 104.1 90.9 87.6 3 2 5 6 562.2 542.6 313.1 291.0 185 184 98 110 4 21 8 13 1 1 9 7 2 6 1 25.8 25.6 15.9 13.6 81.5 87.3 36.3 40.8 fi 6 fi fi fi fi fi 7 7 ft 89 83 9 67 3 50 0 8 8 3 3 See footnotes at end of table. 701 P 360-374 MANUFACTURES Series P 318-374. Value of Output of Finished Commodities and Construction Materials Destined for Domestic Consumption at Current Producers' Prices, and Implicit Price Indexes for Major Commodity Groups (Shaw): 1869 to 1939—Con. [In millions of dollars] Construction materials Producer durable—Con. Implicit price index (1913 = 100) Ships and boats Business vehicles, motor Business vehicles, horsedrawn Aircraft Professional and scientific equipment Carpenters' and mechanics' tools Misc. subsidiary durable equipment Total Manufactured Nonmanufactured Perishable 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 128.6 496.6 48.4 49.8 95.3 269.9 48.2 359.3 19.1 5.4 66.3 198.8 30.4 49.7 82.0 159.0 125.5 247.0 16.5 14.1 30.0 32.0 31.7 48.6 49.1 31.0 53.9 94.9 78.2 60.4 70.8 86.5 373.0 510.8 318.3 302.3 377.2 28.8 91.6 109.6 92.1 87.7 86.5 65.7 67.4 73.1 93.6 272.7 389.6 323.4 321.8 237.2 170.4 10.5 10.9 11.5 74.9 1,381.3 1,389.5 805.3 243.8 103.7 808.1 332.9 344.3 344.0 417.0 189.1 111.6 66.8 68.6 66.0 51.1 19.4 17.6 8.8 6.1 8.7 10.0 66.0 64.7 51.7 48.8 74.8 62.0 Semidurable Consumer durable Producer durable 372 373 3.701.6 3,159.0 3.945.8 3,331.5 <110.6 <114.6 126.4 <123.1 <122.7 132.6 <92.1 <92.8 91.9 •90.8 5110.4 <112.8 112.1 129.0 199.9 122.4 <107.8 95.0 96.7 114.1 119.2 168.1 2.375.0 1.909.9 1.536.1 1.362.7 2.552.1 93.6 <98.5 96.8 98.0 99.8 99.6 <107.6 104.6 112.9 117.2 99.8 124.6 131.6 104.2 110.2 304.7 369.7 304.9 318.4 321.9 3.779.8 5,007.5 4.793.8 4.845.2 6,111.5 135.1 147.4 150.0 146.9 154.3 122.0 104.3 106.4 105.4 104.0 98.8 125.6 131.1 136.5 138.5 138.4 109.8 106.4 115.4 87.8 300.4 208.0 302.1 245.1 208.6 4.950.4 4.465.3 4.647.3 3.568.9 2.956.7 154.3 143.5 147.7 141.2 146.5 160.0 164.9 177.6 163.2 173.8 103.3 108.5 135.0 134.8 138.7 135.2 164.5 128.7 120.6 174.8 4,777.1 3.508.1 3.703.2 3.217.5 3.058.6 2.627.8 478.7 392.8 355.7 318.2 265.6 219.0 212.4 161.1 120.6 161.0 117.6 157.8 134.5 136.4 121.9 100.8 90.4 181.0 3,224.5 2,824.6 2,702.9 2,309.5 213.4 196.5 199.9 131.7 97.5 403.0 347.6 349.3 360.7 291.6 205.6 90.3 94.4 100.0 96.2 96.5 96.5 100.0 98.6 97.4 62.1 <122.6 <120.6 <120.6 105.0 93.6 109.2 130.7 131.7 137.4 160.4 108.2 113.4 139.8 <102.0 184.1 185.0 175.7 145.5 120.6 42.5 50.6 51.1 37.4 8.4 174.7 21.3 1.4 74.5 119.2 57.0 32.5 34.0 36.9 39.9 41.9 44.2 .6 29.4 23.7 17.7 14.2 13.4 57.0 49.6 53.6 48.6 41.9 140.6 171.0 161.7 152.8 147.1 2.010.7 2.043.8 2.384.4 2,154.1 1,942.8 1,732.9 1,758.7 2,083.2 1,854.9 1,655.4 277.8 285.2 301.2 299.2 287.4 95.8 106.4 100.3 100.0 97.6 99.1 49.1 47.7 35.7 52.7 43.4 151.6 164.6 157.4 157.9 135.2 2,049.7 1.992.5 1,820.1 2.111.5 1,911.1 1,728.0 1,686.7 1,513.9 1,770.1 1,622.8 321.7 305.8 306.3 341.4 288.3 100.0 96.9 92.3 89.7 84.9 100.9 99.3 96.0 102.6 98.2 93.5 90.4 96.6 97.7 89.1 95.3 94.3 89.3 93.6 90.6 89.7 .2 .2 210.6 182.8 103.7 101.4 206.2 43.5 47.6 44.4 42.7 36.2 47.1 49.9 25.9 40.8 38.2 34.4 66.3 54.8 12.5 7.3 3.5 2.3 48.3 43.0 40.2 49.5 46.2 12.6 55.6 53.6 61.3 1.5 1.4 43.1 38.9 37.6 37.9 40.2 8.2 6.4 7.8 7.5 115.6 108.7 110.4 102.8 89.5 1.578.1 1.394.3 1.447.4 1.493.6 1,306.3 1,334.0 1,167.3 1,218.9 1,270.6 1,119.2 244.1 227.0 228.4 223.0 187.1 86.9 85.5 83.3 84.1 79.6 90.5 6.0 37.9 34.7 37.7 35.7 29.2 83.5 81.9 85.3 83.5 82.7 79.9 77.6 46.9 36.1 24.4 20.7 5.3 4.0 3.2 2.7 3.2 26.9 24.5 19.8 16.8 18.6 91.8 83.9 69.4 64.2 67.9 1.222.7 1,006.3 937.8 963.4 880.3 1,046.8 855.7 795.8 821.0 751.4 175.8 150.6 141.9 142.4 128.9 80.2 75.4 74.9 72.0 70.9 86.7 81.0 77.3 75.5 75.5 77.0 70.0 67.5 63.0 63.8 90.0 20.8 31.4 32.5 25.9 24.2 23.0 22.7 17.8 23.9 24.9 26.9 26.7 28.4 32.1 34.1 33.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.2 19.1 22.5 24.6 24.7 64.8 61.0 71.7 74.9 69.5 1.033.2 1,004.1 1.074.3 1.335.5 1,076.0 881.2 867.0 933.1 1,164.8 940.0 152.0 137.1 141.3 170.7 136.0 75.0 76.3 84.7 79.8 84.8 77.1 80.5 90.5 92.6 92.6 67.4 72.3 74.8 79.2 82.1 72.2 78.2 78.4 80.0 24.6 24.7 19.4 11.5 32.0 28.4 18.0 3.2 2.9 1.6 1.6 66.5 63.3 37.1 31.4 1,216.5 838.9 444.2 377.4 1,070.5 712.2 365.9 324.8 146.1 126.7 78.3 52.6 86.1 88.3 86.6 141.2 94.9 95.6 60.8 64.7 1.8 18.1 .3 12.4 8.0 11.8 10.7 16.6 23.6 20.8 13.4 10.5 1 Does not agree with source, which is in error. 2 Shaw's estimates for 1869-1919; Kuznets' estimates adjusted by Shaw for 19191939. See source, p. 104, for explanation. * Agrees with source; however, figures for components do not add to total shown. < Indexes derived by weighting the individual group indexes by the average current 702 100.0 102.8 86.0 86.0 102.2 158.5 66.2 81.9 83.2 119.4 88.8 86.2 89.7 88.9 88.1 82.5 75.9 66.1 81.1 87.7 88.2 95.4 163.8 price estimates for 1933, 1935, and 1937. The composite indexes thus calculated were used to interpolate and extrapolate the implicit indexes for 1933, 1935, and 1937. * Based on the movement of the N B E R price index for processed capital equipment goods. Chapter Q Transportation Highway Transportation (Series Q 1-263) Q 1-263. General note. In 1894, the Federal Government created an Office of Road Inquiry to initiate experiments and conduct inquiries concerning the best methods of road building. It was succeeded by the Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering in 1916 and by the Bureau of Public Roads in 1918 (the latter was called the Public Roads Administration during 1939-1949j. The bureau was transferred to the Department of Transportation in 1966 and its functions assigned to the Federal Highway Administration. Surveys of highway mileage, revenues, and expenditures were made in 1904, 1909, and 1914. In 1916, Congress passed the first of the many Federal-aid highway acts, under which the Federal Government has contributed to the cost of constructing highways designated as parts of the Federal-aid system. The Federal Highway Administration administers Federal legislation providing for the improvement, in cooperation with the States, of roads on the Federal-aid primary, secondary, and interstate highway systems. As the principal road-building agency of the Federal Government, it also cooperates with the Forest Service, the National Park Service, and other Federal agencies in the construction of roads in national forests, parks, and other areas. The principal sources (1973) of data on public roads and on ownership and operation of motor vehicles is the Federal Highway Administration's annual Highway Statistics and its Highway Statistics, Summary to 1965. Another major source of data is the Interstate Commerce Commission. Among its publications are the monthly Transport Economics and the Annual Report, containing data on all types of domestic transport and the annual Transport Statistics in the United States. Various censuses conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census also provide data relating to transportation. Reports of the census of manufactures and the census of business and the Annual Survey of Manufacture present statistics on the motor vehicle and equipment industry and on retail, wholesale, and services aspects of this industry. Q 1—11. Volume of domestic intercity passenger traffic, by type of transport, 1950-1970. Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, Annual Report and Transport Economics, various issues. Q 12-22. Volume of domestic intercity freight traffic, by type of transport, 1939-1970. Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 1939-1959, Intercity Ton-Miles, 1939-1959, Statement No. 6103; 1960-1970, Annual Report and Transport Economics, various issues. This study is intended to show, on as nearly comparable a base as possible, the intercity ton-miles by the various means of transport. Information sufficient in quantity and accuracy is not available to cover all modes of transport on a comparable basis before 1939. Estimates of intercity ton-miles for a period from sometime before 1939 through part of World War II are contained in the Bureau of Transport Economics and Statistics release, Postwar Traffic Levels, Statement No. 4440, issued in 1944. These estimates, however, are not on bases comparable with those in the 1939-1959 series. A ton, as used here, is 2,000 pounds; and a mile is 5,280 feet. A ton-mile is a ton of freight carried one mile. These definitions apply to all means of transport covered. T o this extent, all figures presented here are comparable. Further, as far as possible, local switching, local delivery, lighterage, and rural to rural movements have been eliminated to confine operations to intercity only. Q 23-35. Operating revenues, by type of transport, 1936-1970. Source: Except for series Q 28, U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 1936-1956, Statistics of Class I, II, and III Motor Carriers, 1939-1956, Statement No. 589; 1957-1970, Annual Report and Transport Economics, various issues, and unpublished data. Series Q 28, U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation, various editions. Q 36-46. Employment in selected types of transportation, 1947-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, United States, 1909-72, Bulletin 1312-9, pp. 526-532. Q 36, total. Represents about 80 percent of all employment in transportation. Data for types of transportation other than those shown here are available in the source only for shorter and current periods. Q 47-49. Indexes of transportation output, 1889-1966. Source: 1889-1946, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, Harold Barger, The Transportation Industries, 1889 to 19i6 (copyright); 1947-1966, estimates by John W. Kendrick, George Washington University. Sources of figures and methods of computation are described in Barger's book. The components of passenger traffic, series Q 48, are airlines, intercity buslines, waterways, and steam railroads. For freight traffic, series Q 49, the components are motor trucking, pipelines, waterways, and steam railroads. Q 50-55. Mileage of rural roads and municipal streets, 1904-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of Public Roads, 1904-1920, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1955. U.S. Federal Highway Administration, 1921-1965, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1965; 1966-1970, Highway Statistics, annual issues. Rural roads are defined roughly as those roads located outside of incorporated communities or delimited places generally having more than 1,000 inhabitants. Estimates for earlier years for total mileage of rural roads are (in thousands of miles): 1904, 2,151; 1909, 2,200; 1914, 2,446. Municipal and other mileage figures for 1934 and 1935 represent only mileage on municipal extensions of State systems, which are State administered. Mileage not on State or county systems was initially included in 1936 (67,000 miles). Mileage on local city streets was first included in 1941 (274,000 miles for that year). Municipal extensions are continuations of State System roads through communities with more than 1,000 inhabitants. Although mileage in places having more than 2,500 inhabitants was not originally included in Federal-aid programs, those places have been eligible for such aid in more recent years. 703 Q 56-135 Q 56-58. TRANSPORTATION Surfaced mileage, 1904-1970. Source: 1904-1940, see first source for series Q 50-55; 1941-1970, see other sources for series Q 50-55. High-type surfaced roads include bituminous penetration, sheet asphalt, bituminous concrete, portland cement concrete, vitrified brick, and block pavements of asphalt, wood, and stone. For some years, they also include dual-type surfaces and a small amount of unclassified mileage. Low-type surfaced roads include sand, clay, selected soil, untreated gravel, bituminous surface-treated, mixed bituminous and treated gravel, chert, shale, waterbound macadam. Q 59-63. Mileage built by State highway departments, 1923-1970. Source: 1920-1933, see first source for series Q 50-55; 1934-1970, see other sources for series Q 50-55. Mileage built is mileage on which construction work creates a newly located road or is regarded as significantly improving the condition of an existing road. It does not include work designed to maintain or restore the condition of an existing road without material betterment. Mileage resurfaced or rebuilt to higher standards is the bulk of mileage built. Construction of earth roads consists of aligning, grading, and draining. See also text for series Q 56-58. Q 64-68. Mileage and cost of Federal-aid highway systems, 19171970. Source: Series Q 64, U.S. Federal Highway Administration, 19231965, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1965; 1966-1970, Highway Statistics, annual issues. Series Q 65-68, U.S. Bureau of Public Roads, 1917-1955, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1955; 1956-1965, Highway Statistics, annual issues; 1966-1970, see source for series Q 64. In 1912, the Congress authorized $500,000 for an experimental program of rural post-road construction. However, it was not until the Federal-Aid Road Act of 1916 that the present cooperative Federal-State highway program was established on a continuing basis. In order to accelerate the improvement of the main traveled roads, Congress in 1921 authorized designation of a system of principal interstate and intercounty roads, limited to 7 percent of the total rural mileage then existing. The use of Federal aid was restricted to this system, and to rural mileage only. Urban highway improvement first came in for its share of the Federal-State program when the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 specifically authorized the use of funds for Federal-aid highways in urban areas. In addition, the Act provided for the designation of a Federal-aid secondary system and a National System of Interstate Highways. The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 provided substantially increased sums for the Federal-aid primary and secondary systems for a 3-year period, and established a long-range plan for financing accelerated completion of the 41,000-mile interstate system. Federal funds are available for expenditure only on the designated Federal-aid systems and, in general, must be matched by an equal amount of State funds. However, under the Federal-aid Act of 1954 the Federal share for the Interstate System was raised to 60 percent, and under the 1956 Act the proportion was increased to 90 percent. Federal aid may not be expended for maintenance. The cost of most Federal-aid projects is paid initially out of State highway funds, or in some'cases by counties or other local governments. The Federal share is paid as reimbursement to the States as work progresses, with final payment made after completion. Federal authorizations have usually been made on a biennial basis and apportioned among the States for use within a 3-year period. Figures for State funds shown here are based on legal matching ratios determined by applicable Federal-aid acts. In States having public lands in excess of 5 percent of their total area, the Federal share is proportionally increased. Q 69-81. Class I intercity motor carriers of passengers and property, 1939-1970. Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, Transport Statistics in the United States, part 7, annual issues. 704 Prior to 1950, class I for-hire motor carriers were classified by the Interstate Commerce Commission as those with $100,000 or more of gross annual operating revenue; for 1950-1958, those having gross operating revenue of $200,000 for a 3-year period; and, beginning 1969, those having gross operating revenue of $1,000,000 for a 3-year period. Q 82-96. State highway finances, 1890-1970. Source: 1890-1920, see first source for series Q 50-55; 1921-1970, see other sources for series Q 50-55. A State highway-user tax is defined as a special tax or fee (except tolls) levied upon motor-vehicle users because of their use of the highways. Highway-user taxes include motor-fuel taxes, motorvehicle registration and associated fees, and special taxes applicable only to motor carriers; these taxes are separable and apart from property, excise, business, or other taxes paid by the general public. In many States, specific portions of the revenue from each type of highway-user tax are allocated to particular highway purposes. A number of States, however, place all highway-user revenue in a highway fund, and a few have a general State fund into which go all types of revenue. For the latter group of States, each particular appropriation or expenditure for highway purposes is considered to have been made from motor-fuel taxes, motor-vehicle registration fees, and motor-carrier taxes in proportion to the relative amount of revenue received from each of these three sources. The largest share of receipts from State highway-user taxes is expended on State highways, but a portion is also allocated for local roads and streets, and a small amount used for nonhighway purposes. Q 97-112. Receipts and disbursements of highway funds by counties and townships, 1921-1970. Source: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, 1921-1964, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1965, tables LF-201 and LF-202; 19651970, Highway Statistics, annual issues, tables LF-1 and LF-2. Q 113-128. Receipts and disbursements of highway funds by municipalities, 1921-1970. Source: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, 1921-1964, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1965, tables UF-201 and UF-202; 19651970, Highway Statistics, annual issues, tables UF-1 and UF-2. Q 129-135. Highway construction—contracts awarded, 1947-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of Domestic Commerce (formerly Business and Defense Services Administration), Construction Review, various issues. Highways include streets, roads, alleys, bridges, vehicular tunnels, viaducts, sidewalks, curbs, and gutters, except when installed by private builders as a part of land development; forest and park roads; new culverts and extension of old culverts; right-of-way drainage, erosion control, lighting, and guard rails; and earth-work protective structures in connection with road improvements. The data for State and locally owned highways were compiled by the Bureau of Domestic Commerce (formerly the Business and D e fense Services Administration), Department of Commerce, from: (1) Information published by a number of private construction news services; (2) information received from selected State and local government agencies; and (3) data compiled by the Bureau of Public Roads (now the Federal Highway Administration) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Data on contracts awarded for federally owned construction were compiled by BLS from reports submitted by the various Federal agencies having construction operations. HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION Q 136-147. Public highway debt—long-term highway obligations of State and local governments, 1945-1970. Source: U.S. Federal Highway Administration (formerly Bureau of Public Roads), releases. Q 148-151. Motor-vehicle factory sales, 1900-1970. Source: Automobile Manufacturers Association, Automobile Facts and Figures, various issues. Production of passenger cars was discontinued in February 1942 to economize resources for World War II purposes, but some vehicles remaining in factory stocks were sold under rationing orders in subsequent war years. The War Production Board authorized resumption of production as of July 1, 1945, but no new cars were actually produced until 1946. Q 187-198. Motor-vehicle registrations, 1900-1970. Source: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, 1900-1965, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1965; 1966-1970, Summary of Motor Vehicle Registrations by Years, table MV-200, and unpublished data. Figures are based on reports and unpublished data of State motorvehicle registration departments. They include both privately and publicly owned vehicles. Motor-vehicle data for the early years of the century are incomplete, largely because few States required their registration, and hence had no records of the number of vehicles using roads and streets. As production of vehicles increased, shortly before the first World War, so did the number of registration laws. By 1921, all States had adopted some form of motor-vehicle registration. Accompanying the growth in motor-vehicle registrations has been a corresponding diversity in the registration practices among the States. In general, motor vehicles are classified as private passenger cars, passenger carriers for hire, trucks, trailers, motorcycles, and property carriers for hire. Several States, however, still register buses with either trucks or passenger cars. These differences have made it necessary for the data-compiling agency to supplement the data submitted by the States with information obtained from special studies and from other sources. Q 156-162. Motor-fuel usage, 1919-1970. Source: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, 1919-1965, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1965; 1966-1970, Analysis of Motor Fuel Consumption, table G221, and unpublished data. Fuel consumption figures for which reports from State authorities were not available have been estimated by the Federal Highway Administration (formerly Bureau of Public Roads). Motor fuel includes all gasoline used for any purpose (private and public), except military, plus any diesel or other fuels used solely for the propulsion of motor vehicles on public highways. Exports from the United States are excluded, and there is no duplication because of interstate shipment. Tractor fuels are not included. Nonhighway consumption includes all use off the highway, such as aviation, agriculture, marine, industrial, etc., and usually falls under the exemption or refund provisions of the motor-fuel tax law. Q 163-174. Automobile insurance, 1946-1970. Source: The Spectator, Philadelphia, 1946-1954, Insurance Yearbook; 1955-1965, Insurance by States; 1966-1969, Property Liability Insurance Review, annual. 1970, The National Underwriter Co., Cincinnati, Argus F.C. & S. Chart, annual (copyright). Q 175-186. Percent distribution of automobile ownership, and financing, 1947-1970. Source: The University of Michigan, Survey Research Ann Arbor, Survey of Consumer Finances (copyright). Center, Speed of motor vehicles on highways, 1945-1970. Source: U.S. Federal Highway Trends, and unpublished data. Administration, Traffic Speed Comparatively few speed studies were conducted on main rural highways until immediately prior to World War II. At that time, the average speeds of trucks, passenger cars, and buses were 41, 48, and 51 miles/hour, respectively. The low average speeds during World War II resulted from wartime restrictions on travel speeds and from gasoline rationing. Speeds of passenger cars did not return to their prewar level until 1947. Trucks reached their prewar level in 1946, and buses in 1948. From 1948 through 1950 there was little change in vehicle speeds. Since then speeds consistently increased until 1970. Q 199-205. Q 152-155. Q 136-250 Miles of travel by motor vehicles, 1921-1970. Source: 1921-1935, U.S. Federal Works Agency, unpublished data, and U.S. Public Roads Administration, unpublished data; 1936-1965, see U.S. Federal Highway Administration sources for series Q 50-55. Traffic volume information is obtained from automatic traffic recorders operating continuously at selected locations on the roads and streets of each State. The recorders are generally supplemented by periodic manual classification counts to determine the proportion of vehicles of each type, and each highway category, and by portable machine counts on the many road and street sections. Q 206-207. Average miles of travel per vehicle, 1936-1970. Source: See U.S. Federal Highway Administration sources for series Q 50-55. Q 208-223. Motor-vehicle deaths and death rates, by age, 1913-1970. Source: National Safety Council, Chicago, Accident Facts, 1969, p. 60; and 1974, P- 60 (copyright). Data for 1913 to 1932 were calculated from U.S. National Center for Health Statistics data for registration States. Data for 1933 to 1963, 1965 to 1967, 1969, and 1970 are national totals; those for 1964 and 1968 are National Safety Council estimates. Q 224-232. Motor-vehicle accidents—number and deaths, by type of accident, 1913-1970. Source: National Safety Council, Chicago, Accident Facts, 1974, and various annual issues (copyright). Q 233-234. State and Federal gasoline tax rates, 1930-1970. Source: See U.S. Federal Highway Administration sources for series Q 50-55. State average tax is weighted by net gallons taxed at the various rates in the several States. No data are shown before 1930 because it was the first year in which all States had motor fuel taxes in effect for the whole year. The precise dates of the changes in the Federal tax are as follows: June 21, 1932, 1 cent; June 17, 1933, 1.5 cents; January 1, 1934, 1 cent; July 1,1940,1.5 cents; November 1,1951, 2 cents; July 1, 1956, 3 cents; October 1,1959, 4 cents. Q 235-250. Public transit mileage, equipment, passengers, and passenger revenue, 1917-1970. Source: American Transit Association, Transit Fact Book, various annual issues (copyright); The Transit Industry in the United States, Basic Data and Trends, 1943 (copyright); mimeographed release on number of passengers, January 3, 1938. 705 Q 251-263 TRANSPORTATION Figures are estimates based on reports for more than 85 percent of the industry, which includes local motorbuses, electric street railways, elevated and subway lines, interurban electric railways, and transit coach lines. Mileage estimates for trolley coaches, series Q 236, are miles of negative overhead wire. Mileage estimates for motorbuses, series Q 237, are miles of route, round trip. Equipment owned, railway cars, series Q 238, includes surface, subway, and elevated cars. The estimates for 1933 and 1934 for motorbuses owned, series Q 240, are probably understated. Revenue and nonrevenue passenger figures, series Q 241-244, exceed revenue passenger figures, series Q 245, chiefly because of free transfers. Q 251-263. Oil pipelines operated and oil originated, 1921-1970. Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 1921-1953, S<a- • • • • • • • * • • • M o r e Recent D a t a for tistics of Railways in the United States, various annual issues; 19541970, Transport Statistics in the United States, part 6, Oil Pipe Lines. Figures refer to pipelines operating in interstate commerce and regulated by ICC. Crude oil originated, series Q 252, includes both gathering and trunk lines. For a discussion of statistics of oil pipelines, see ICC, A Review of Statistics of Oil Pipe Lines, 1981-19U1, Statement 4280, mimeographed, 1942. The figure for mileage in 1938, which appears to have been revised, is from this Statement. Figures for barrels of oil carried are as follows, in millions: 1925, 831; 1926, 836; 1927, 989; 1928,1,053; 1929,1,156; 1930,1,172; 1931, 987. In these figures, a barrel handled by two or more pipelines in succession is counted each time it is handled. In the figures for barrels originated, this duplication is avoided. Historical Statistics Series • • • • • • • • • • • it * Statistics for more recent years in continuation of many of the still-active series shown here appear •k in annual issues of the Statistical Abstract of the United States, beginning with the 1975 edition. For * * direct linkage of the historical series to the tables in the Abstract, see Appendix I in the Abstract. * * 706 • HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION Series Q 1-11. Q 136-250 Volume of Domestic Intercity Passenger Traffic, by Type of Transport: 1950 to 1970 [In billions of passenger-miles, except percent. Airways, prior to 1959, and other types of transportation, prior to 1960, exclude Alaska and Hawaii. A passenger-mile is the movement of 1 passenger for the distance of 1 mile. Comprises public and private traffic, both revenue and nonrevenue] Airways Private automobiles Year 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 Buses 2 1 Railroads 3 Inland waterways 4 Total traffic, volume Volume Percent of total Volume Percent of total Volume Percent of total Volume Percent of total Volume Percent of total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1,185 1,138 1,079 1,021 971 920 896 853 818 791 1,026 977 936 890 856 818 802 766 736 714 86.6 85.9 86.8 87.2 88.2 88.7 89.5 89.8 90.0 90.2 119 120 101 87 69 58 49 43 37 35 10.0 10.5 9.4 8.6 7.1 6.3 5.5 5.0 4.6 4.4 25 25 25 25 25 24 23 23 22 20 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 11 12 13 15 17 18 18 19 20 21 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.6 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.3 0.3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 784 765 760 748 751 716 673 655 575 535 508 706 687 685 670 670 637 597 576 496 458 438 90.1 89.9 90.1 89.6 89.2 89.0 88.7 87.9 86.1 85.6 86.2 34 33 29 28 26 23 20 17 15 13 10 4.3 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.0 19 20 21 21 25 25 26 28 29 27 26 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.3 5.0 5.1 5.2 22 22 24 26 29 29 29 32 35 35 32 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.9 6.0 6.6 6.4 2.7 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .3 .2 .2 .3 .2 1960 1959.— 1958 1957 1956 1955. 1954.. 1953 1952 1951 1950— 1 Includes domestic commercial revenue service and private pleasure and business flying. 2 Excludes schoolbuses. Series Q 12-22. 3 4 Includes electric railways, Includes Great Lakes. Volume of Domestic Intercity Freight Traffic, by Type of Transport: 1939 to 1970 [In billions of ton-miles, except percent. Motor vehicles and airways, prior to 1959, and other types of transportation, prior to 1960, exclude Alaska and Hawaii, except as noted. A ton-mile is the movement of 1 ton (2,000 pounds) of freight for the distance of 1 mile. Comprises public and private traffic, both revenue and nonrevenue] Railroads Year Motor vehicles 1 Inland waterways Airways 8 Oil pipelines 2 Total traffic, volume Volume Percent of total Volume Percent of total Volume Percent of total Volume Percent of total Volume Percent of total 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1,936 1,895 1,839 1,776 1,759 771 774 757 742 762 39.8 40.8 41.2 41.8 43.3 412 404 396 389 381 21.3 21.3 21.6 21.9 21.7 319 303 291 281 281 16 16 15 15 16 5 0 9 9 0 431 411 391 361 333 22.3 21.7 21.3 20.3 18.9 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.3 0.2 .2 .2 .1 .1 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1,651 1,556 1,469 1,387 1,326 721 679 644 616 586 43.7 43.7 43.8 44.4 44.2 359 356 336 309 296 21.8 22.9 22.9 22.3 22.4 262 250 234 223 210 15 16 15 16 15 9 1 9 1 8 306 269 253 238 233 18.6 17.3 17.3 17.1 17.6 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.3 .9 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1,330 1,303 1,231 1,354 1,376 595 599 575 645 677 44.7 46.0 46.7 47.6 49.2 285 279 256 254 249 21.5 21.4 20.8 18.8 18.1 220 197 189 232 220 16 15 15 17 16 6 1 4 1 0 229 227 211 223 230 17.2 17.4 17.2 16.5 16.7 .8 .7 .6 .6 .6 (Z) (Z) (Z) 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1,298 1,144 1,232 1,172 1,209 655 578 643 651 686 50.4 50.5 52.1 55.6 56.8 223 213 217 195 188 17.2 18.6 17.6 16.6 15.6 4 217 174 202 168 "182 16 15 16 14 15 7 2 4 4 1 203 179 170 158 152 15.7 15.7 13.8 13.4 12.6 .6 .4 .4 .4 .4 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1,094 947 1,086 1,060 944 628 567 689 707 643 57.4 59.9 63.4 66.6 68.1 173 125 115 102 82 15.8 13.2 10.6 9.6 8.7 4 163 139 162 147 124 14 14 14 13 13 9 7 9 8 1 129 115 120 105 96 11.8 12.1 11.0 9.9 10.1 .3 .2 .2 .2 .1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1,072 1,136 1,076 973 811 736 795 780 689 521 68.6 70.0 72.5 70.9 64.2 67 58 57 60 81 6.2 5.1 5.3 6.2 10.0 143 150 142 149 140 13 13 13 15 17 3 2 2 3 3 127 133 98 75 68 11.8 11.7 9.1 7.7 8.4 (Z) (Z) .1 .1 .1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) 1940 1939 651 575 412 370 63.2 64.4 62 53 9.5 9.2 118 96 18 1 16 7 59 56 9.1 9.7 (Z) (Z) Z Less than 50 million ton-miles, or less than 0.05 percent. 1 Includes electric railways, express, and mail. ' Includes Great Lakes. Includes Alaska for all years and Hawaii beginning 1959. (Z) (Z) 1 Domestic revenue service only. Includes express, mail, and excess baggage. 4 Part of this increase resulted from coverage of waterwayB previously existing but not covered. 707 TRANSPORTATION Q 23-35 Series Q 23-35. Operating Revenues, by Type of Transport: 1936 to 1970 [Excludes Alaska and Hawaii, except as noted] Revenues (mil. dol.) Year Electric railways 1 Railway express 2 23 24 Railroads 3 Waterlines 4 25 26 Index (1967 = 100) Pipelines (oil) Domestic scheduled air carriers 6 6 Motor carriers of property 27 28 29 Motor carriers of Railroads passengers 30 31 2 Pipelines (oil) Domestic scheduled air carriers 5 6 Motor carriers of property Motor carriers of passengers 32 33 34 35 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 11 13 12 12 14 313 270 299 323 324 12,511 11,951 11,357 10,875 11,163 502 450 435 426 460 1,188 1,103 1,023 995 941 7,131 6,857 5,607 4,887 4,070 14,585 13,958 12,400 11,308 10,862 882 1,007 991 945 901 115 110 104 100 103 119 111 103 100 95 146 140 115 100 83 129 123 110 100 96 93 107 105 100 95 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 13 13 14 22 22 316 298 275 271 257 10,738 10,252 9,921 9,792 9,540 426 405 395 394 389 904 865 840 811 787 3,609 3,095 2,723 2,498 2,245 10,068 9,155 8,548 8,131 7,463 885 802 759 729 690 99 94 91 90 88 91 87 84 82 79 74 63 56 51 46 89 81 76 72 66 94 85 80 77 73 1960 1959.. 1958 1957 1956.. 23 25 30 45 49 * 248 247 258 248 257 * 9,955 10,207 9,924 10,920 10,963 427 430 415 450 476 1770 765 721 730 737 2,129 1,955 1,624 1,515 1,342 * 7,214 7,145 6,131 6,166 5,829 667 631 599 599 565 * 92 94 91 100 101 7 77 77 72 73 74 44 40 33 31 27 * 64 63 54 55 52 71 67 63 63 60 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951. 60 56 78 82 81 241 235 242 248 223 10,495 9,708 11,063 10,966 10,773 452 399 391 340 336 678 617 591 562 524 1,215 1,043 937 818 702 5,535 4,737 4,926 4,417 4,169 560 561 614 602 578 97 89 102 101 99 68 62 59 56 53 25 21 19 17 14 49 42 44 39 37 59 59 65 64 61 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946.... 79 70 77 80 79 223 251 295 313 326 9,820 8,885 10,002 8,973 7,852 330 275 237 225 148 442 376 377 325 294 558 486 434 365 316 3,737 2,911 2,698 2,214 1,699 539 554 565 534 554 90 82 92 83 72 44 38 39 33 30 11 10 9 7 6 33 26 24 20 15 57 59 60 57 69 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 87 100 99 68 59 284 255 208 155 135 9,136 9,676 9,288 7,691 5,541 173 188 196 123 258 304 310 277 245 252 215 161 123 108 97 1,840 1,756 1,347 1,189 1,095 652 624 544 398 237 84 89 85 71 51 31 31 28 25 25 4 3 3 2 2 16 16 12 11 10 69 66 58 42 25 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 53 50 49 51 52 120 112 110 110 103 4,559 4,140 3,687 4,321 4,197 212 111 104 108 104 226 212 228 249 219 77 56 43 922 796 700 182 168 151 42 38 34 40 39 23 21 23 25 22 2 1 1 8 7 6 19 18 16 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 1 The electric railway decrease is overstated through the years because of noncomparability of reporting. 2 Through 1969, excludes payments to others for express privileges. 3 Includes pullman (prior to 1965), line-haul, and switching and terminal companies. 708 * Includes only revenues from domestic traffic of carriers under jurisdiction of Interstate Commerce Commission. & Revenues for scheduled passenger cargo operations. 6 Includes Hawaii for all years and Alaska beginning 1955. 7 Beginning 1960, includes operations in Alaska. HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION Series Q 36-46. Employment in Selected Types of Transportation: 1947 to 1970 [In thousands, except percent. Trucking and warehousing Total Year 36 Q 36-49 Railroad 1 Annual averages] Air 3 2 Local and suburban Intercity highway 5 4 Number Percent of total Number Percent of total Number Percent of total Number Percent of total Number Percent of total 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 2,149 2,166 2,128 2,106 2,070 1,083 1,083 1,045 1,019 1,005 50.4 50.0 49.1 48.4 48.6 627 642 661 691 718 29.2 29.6 31.1 32.8 34.7 319 320 298 269 223 14.8 14.8 14.0 12.8 10.8 77 78 81 83 82 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.0 43 43 43 44 42 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 2,030 1,991 1,986 1,989 1,977 964 919 904 885 845 47.5 46.2 45.5 44.5 42.7 735 756 772 796 817 36.2 38.0 38.9 40.0 41.3 206 191 181 176 175 10.1 9.6 9.1 8.8 8.9 83 83 88 91 99 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.6 5.0 42 42 41 41 41 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 1960 1959* 1958 1957 1956 2,055 2,074 2,032 2,230 2,287 856 844 778 804 803 41.7 40.7 38.3 36.1 35.1 885 925 957 1,121 1,190 43.1 44.6 47.1 50.3 52.0 172 161 149 148 131 8.4 7.8 7.3 6.6 5.7 101 103 105 112 120 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.2 41 41 43 45 43 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1955 1954... 1953 1952 1951 2,254 2,221 2,403 2,389 2,409 765 719 731 699 676 33.9 32.4 30.4 29.3 28.1 1,205 1,215 1,377 1,400 1,449 53.5 54.7 57.3 58.6 60.1 114 105 105 97 86 5.1 4.7 4.4 4.1 3.6 127 138 141 145 151 5.6 6.2 5.9 6.1 6.3 43 44 49 48 47 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1950 1949 1948 1947 2,290 2,232 2,399 2,443 619 567 573 551 27.0 25.4 23.9 22.6 1,391 1,367 1,517 1,557 60.7 61.2 63.2 63.7 76 77 78 82 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 157 169 176 199 6.9 7.8 7.3 8.1 47 52 55 54 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 1 Covers establishments furnishing local or long-distance trucking, transfer, and draying services, or engaged in storage of farm products, furniture and other household goods, or commercial goods. Includes terminal facilities for handling freight. 2 Includes companies furnishing transportation by line-haul railroad and certain allied services, such as sleeping and dining car services, railway express, and switching and terminal companies. Series Q 47-49. All traffic 1 Year All traffic 1 Passenger 1958 = 100 1939 = 100 103.2 93.9 98.4 98.0 100.1 89.6 86.5 92.1 N o t available. Freight Year 48 108.1 106.4 100.0 103.4 108.5 NA Indexes of Transportation Output: 1889 to 1966 47 152.7 139.4 128.0 119.9 114.0 107.7 3 Covers certificated and noncertificated air carriers engaged in passenger and cargo or freight transportation. Excludes employment in related facilities and services. 4 Covers companies or systems primarily engaged in furnishing passenger transportation confined principally to a municipality, contiguous municipalities, or a municipality and its suburban areas, including transportation by railway but excluding taxicab, schoolbus, and charter service. fi Covers intercity, interurban, and interstate bus lines, and includes intercity motor vehicle passenger transportation not operated on regular schedules. 1953 1952 1951 220 219 226 1950. 1949. 1948. 1947. 1946. 206 182 205 203 192 1945. 1944. 1943. 1942. 1941. 213 1940. 1939. 1938. 1937. 1936. 110 222 216 183 137 100 89 101 93 108 100 . 97 103 99 Passenger 47 48 1939 = 100—Con. (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) All traffic 1 114 100 87 101 92 1935 1934 1933. 1932 1931. 79 76 70 66 82 87 84 76 79 94 77 74 68 62 79 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926. 97 110 106 106 108 108 118 117 119 121 95 108 103 102 104 1925. 1924. 1923. 1922. 1921. 1920. 102 98 102 88 81 103 120 121 122 116 115 127 97 91 96 81 72 96 1889. 18.5 25.5 16.5 1 In combining passenger and freight traffic, passenger-miles were weighted b y revenue per passenger-mile and ton-miles by revenue per ton-mile. 709 Q 50-63 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 50-63. Mileage of Rural Roads and Municipal Streets: 1904 to 1970 Total mileage Surfaced mileage Rural roads Total Under State control 4 MunicCounty ipal roads and under other local mileage Secondary and control 1 county roads State administered Total Primary 52 Mileage built by State highway departments 54 Total 3 Hightype roads Roads under State control Lowtype roads 56 Total« Total 58 59 60 miles 1,000 miles Miles Miles Earth roads 1,000 3,730 3,710 3,684 3,705 3,698 3,169 3,162 3,152 3,184 3,188 408 406 425 424 418 273 273 252 250 252 2,488 2,483 2,475 2,510 2,518 561 548 532 521 510 2,946 2,914 2,870 2,827 2,800 410 403 392 386 376 322 324 330 331 333 40,438 37,123 47,425 46,257 50,872 33,834 30,034 37,279 36,763 38,968 3,690 3,644 3,620 3,600 3,573 3,009 3.003 3,002 3.005 2.995 414 411 409 407 406 249 248 247 247 243 2,346 2.344 2,346 2,351 2,346 681 641 618 595 578 2,776 2,730 2,693 2,647 2,588 367 359 350 341 331 334 335 337 338 47,573 45,452 49,974 52,560 44,279 36,442 36,203 36,980 41.052 33,449 278 275 3,546 3,511 3,479 3,453 3,430 2,989 2,974 2 .959 2,952 2,945 403 403 395 391 389 241 237 234 232 226 2.345 2,334 2,330 2.329 2.330 557 537 520 501 485 2,557 2,503 2,448 2,371 2,323 322 314 301 290 281 338 338 338 338 335 49,428 50,232 54,753 53,235 57,454 3,418 3,395 3,366 3,343 3,326 2,954 2,941 2,925 2,925 2,925 387 379 377 371 367 222 218 214 219 217 2,345 2,344 2.334 2.335 2,341 464 454 441 418 401 2,273 2,228 2,160 2,070 1,998 270 262 252 245 236 340 333 332 328 323 3,313 3.322 3.323 3,326 3,316 2,922 2,934 2 .929 2.933 2.934 363 358 350 337 342 210 205 2,349 2,370 2,373 2,384 2,387 391 388 394 393 382 1,939 1,865 1,815 1,780 1,730 227 174 172 170 170 3,319 3,311 3,311 3,309 8.309 2 ,939 2,932 2.930 2.925 2 .926 339 335 333 334 332 202 200 200 199 196 2,398 2,397 2.397 2,392 2.398 380 379 381 384 383 1,721 1,655 1,646 1,630 1,608 3,287 3,274 3,257 3.245 3,267 2,920 2,913 2,898 2,894 2,920 329 328 327 327 340 195 194 194 189 177 2,396 2,391 2.377 2.378 2,403 367 361 359 351 347 3.310 3,309 3,286 3,296 3,291 3,032 3,034 3 ,029 3,040 3,036 332 325 346 358 329 173 170 135 84 45 2,527 2,539 2,548 2,598 2,662 3,259 3,272 3,262 3,257 3.242 3 ,009 8,024 3,016 3,013 3,000 324 314 306 293 288 3.246 3.243 3,233 3,196 3,160 3 .006 3.004 2.996 2.960 2,925 275 261 252 227 203 miles 1,000 miles 1,000 miles 206 206 212 1,000 miles 1,000 miles 1,000 miles 1,000 Year Surfaced mileage, total Miles 68 Miles 1,000 Miles miles 637 394 617 915 152 9,129 9,428 13,259 11,639 11.567 1920. 1919. 1918. 1917. 1916. 369 350 332 313 295 210 433 372 194 664 623 305 554 11,970 13,264 13,147 14,314 12,523 1915. 1914. 1913. 1912. 1911. 276 257 244 231 217 36.944 36,282 39,824 39,675 44,016 328 185 313 374 486 013 892 644 476 726 14,603 14,205 15,867 19,825 22,804 1910. 1909. 1908. 1907 1906. 204 190 183 176 168 53,559 55,488 52,886 57,847 51,471 41,120 42.053 41,744 46,354 41,864 694 866 1,264 1,238 1,603 672 730 807 811 1905 1904 161 122 22,754 21,457 22,673 27,305 25,139 316 350 338 332 317 55,487 45,171 41,968 32,865 21,711 44,265 35,236 35,085 29,574 20,856 1,784 1,517 1,403 1,013 417 379 482 753 219 898 29,102 26,237 25.929 22,342 15,541 168 312 309 306 302 297 15,278 15,080 15,971 19,670 32,629 14,827 13,924 14,692 18,078 30,549 250 289 458 1,038 1,343 971 925 446 167 299 10,606 9,710 9,788 12,873 22,907 1,367 1,318 1,276 1,232 1,175 153 151 149 144 131 296 286 277 265 32,588 32,990 36,322 35,627 32,274 29,689 30,665 34,598 28.945 32,274 1,423 1,720 1,187 1,828 3,361 217 015 751 532 706 23,049 23.930 27,660 20,585 24,207 278 275 257 256 255 1,080 992 914 879 830 128 124 116 26,814 41,730 96 246 237 195 156 146 26,814 41,730 33,471 35,971 44,634 3,284 5,917 6,258 6,394 10,095 806 386 412 009 513 19,724 29,427 19,801 19.568 2,685 2,710 2,710 2,720 2,712 250 248 246 244 242 694 84 75 68 60 54 142 133 125 117 109 35,277 32,522 29,252 26,723 26,552 7.813 7,451 8,675 7,151 7,060 787 847 748 733 132 16,677 16,224 11,829 12,839 13,360 2,731 2.743 2.744 2,733 2,722 240 239 237 236 235 521 472 439 412 387 48 41 34 97 90 78 23,152 23,164 20,311 5,316 5,957 5.814 686 697 628 11,150 10,510 662 626 589 550 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. N A Not available. 1 Includes municipal extensions of county, town, and township roads prior to 1962, and mileage in National and State parks, forests, reservations, etc. prior to 1936 that were not parts of State or local systems. 3 Includes mileage in National and State parks, forests, reservations, etc. that did not form parts of State or local road system. Prior to 1936 these roads were included with county, town, and township roads. 710 Lowtype surface 56 1,000 mile s Hightype surface 167 166 165 163 262 110 212 403 209 249 154 22,026 Includes all surfaced mileage whether under State or local control. Includes State highway extensions within cities. Excludes mileage of local roads and streets on Federal-aid secondary system which were built by State highway departments or by local authorities when financed partially or entirely by Federal funds. 3 1 5 H I G H W A Y TRANSPORTATION Series Q 64-68. Mileage and Cost of Federal-Aid Highway Systems: 1917 to 1970 Cost (mil. dol.) 3 Miles of highway Year Miles of highway Total designated as part of Federal systems 1 Completed during year 2 Total Federal funds State funds 64 65 66 67 68 Year or period 1970__ 196919681967.. 1966.. 19651964196319621961- 895,208 890,094 886,181 887,465 885,050 908,722 901,120 891,927 886,678 879,539 10,745 10,569 11,871 14,150 16,281 17,433 19,487 19,561 21,051 21,313 4,625 4,826 4,132 5,178 5,362 4,569 4,560 3,790 3,423 3,265 3,515 3,706 3,167 4,039 4,151 3,430 3,385 2,767 2,437 2,339 1,110 1,120 965 1,139 1,211 1,139 1,175 1,023 986 925 1945 1944 1943— 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 19601959*. 19581957195619551954195319521951- 866,841 854,294 830,569 810,466 777,514 749,166 725,963 704,150 675,121 664,464 20,969 32,633 28,137 22,424 23,609 22,571 20,548 21.136 22,147 17,060 3,264 3,709 2,744 1,714 1,444 1,287 1,146 1,078 978 772 2,273 2,518 1,669 969 757 666 591 559 505 390 992 1,191 1,075 746 687 621 555 519 472 382 195019491948.. 19471946- 643,939 632,037 611,332 599,338 556,787 19,876 19,876 21,725 15,473 5,057 753 829 763 422 147 390 425 397 224 86 364 404 366 198 61 Cost (mil. dol.' 3 Total designated as part of Federal systems 1 Completed during year 2 Total Federal funds State funds 64 65 66 67 68 308,741 367,690 338,705 330,051 316,432 235,482 232,834 229,905 226,829 224,450 3,035 4,473 7,753 6,898 9,734 11,549 11,776 11,766 21,330 12,258 101 135 273 226 274 269 306 309 521 238 76 109 219 143 148 150 176 183 348 225 25 26 54 83 126 119 130 125 173 13 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930— 1929 1928 1927 1926 219,869 212,496 207,194 205,025 198,967 193,652 189,853 188,017 187,035 184,162 12,811 21,203 18,219 10,855 15,902 10,339 8,581 9,756 10,220 10,723 242 358 264 205 325 237 197 196 189 215 218 311 223 95 228 100 80 83 84 93 24 47 41 110 97 137 117 113 105 122 1925 1924 1923 1922, 1917-1921—- 179,501 174,507 169,007 11,001 10,946 7,494 11,188 12,919 221 205 130 186 222 100 93 57 80 95 121 112 73 106 127 - Comprises new and rebuilt mileage. 3 Represents actual expenditures of funds on calendar-year basis. Beginning 1935. includes money spent on public works and defense highways. Beginning 1940, includes secondary highways. * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. x Includes estimates on Federal-aid primary system throughout, Federal-aid secondary systems beginning in 1942, and national system of interstate and defense highways beginning in 1951. Estimates as of end of calendar year. Series Q 69-81. Q 64-81 2 Class I Intercity Motor Carriers of Passengers and Property: 1939 to 1970 [Carriers subject to I C C regulations] Carriers of passengers Year Carriers reporting 1 Operating revenue Expenses Net income after income taxes Vehicles in service 2 69 70 71 72 73 Carriers of property Average fare per Vehiclepassenger, miles, passenger 3 per carrier (intercity) 74 75 Millions Dollars Carriers reporting Operating revenue Expenses Net income after income taxes Owned revenue vehicles Intercity vehiclemiles 76 77 78 79 80 81 1,000 Millions Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. 71 70 173 177 166 156 161 148 151 144 722 677 695 670 644 607 655 610 589 485 639 594 613 591 550 514 570 529 511 423 52 56 61 52 54 52 52 48 43 31 13,282 12,992 15,398 15,406 14,298 13,287 16,157 4 13,608 4 13,873 411,036 871 869 977 997 988 947 1,056 1,009 998 865 3.81 3.55 2.91 2.79 2.71 2.73 2.43 2.38 2.30 2.20 1,376 1,311 1,252 1,198 1,159 1,114 1,025 1,004 1,004 972 11,137 10,770 9,593 8,091 7,897 7,131 6,199 5,756 5,428 4,908 10,763 10,337 9,129 7,796 7,505 6,760 5,918 5,520 5,204 4,718 150 200 235 144 217 209 152 122 112 84 483 466 428 394 384 355 318 309 298 285 11,498 11,699 10,902 9,815 9,814 9,154 8,209 7,882 7,567 7,023 1960* 1959 1958 1967 1956 1955 1954 1953 _ 1952 1951 143 143 136 144 145 146 155 161 160 166 463 439 410 407 377 362 363 395 395 393 405 380 366 371 343 331 331 354 348 345 28 29 20 20 17 16 15 18 22 25 12,680 '10,763 410,791 <11,301 * 11,062 13,127 412,314 412,940 413,106 413,431 843 810 816 867 859 859 887 972 975 1,011 2.12 2.00 1.91 1.70 1.51 1.37 1.29 1.24 1.20 1.12 935 890 866 837 2,293 2,244 2,110 2,027 1,868 1,737 4,763 4,590 3,851 3,836 4,290 4,030 3,431 3,493 3,059 2,728 4,645 4,392 3,723 3,702 4,141 3,870 3,323 3,360 2,924 2,603 37 92 54 62 77 82 54 60 67 58 279 265 243 238 304 289 260 251 229 213 7,203 7,085 6,101 6,399 7,529 7,559 6,538 6,802 6,137 5,848 1950-1949 1948 1947._ 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 172 262 260 253 254 231 194 157 136 132 351 380 401 367 381 378 375 344 251 149 315 346 351 313 299 265 245 214 164 120 19 20 31 33 50 32 36 37 24 20 14,566 959 1,066 1,130 1,056 1,043 931 905 832 702 556 1.01 .91 .85 .80 .80 .79 .80 .81 .80 .83 1,621 2,012 1,825 1,603 1,516 1,445 1,337 1,165 1,083 1,076 2,380 1,895 1,663 1,233 884 746 711 646 588 660 2,215 1,794 1,553 1,174 852 745 696 626 556 533 93 64 72 37 21 - 2 8 9 17 18 191 169 151 128 112 100 98 89 84 84 5,532 4,338 3,810 3,059 2,407 2,165 2,132 2,006 2,040 2,121 1940 1939 135 149 115 113 98 95 15 20 482 466 .84 .88 991 957 431 378 412 360 13 15 69 62 1,761 1,343 1970-_ 1969.. 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 __ 414,863 415,290 414,149 413,168 412,865 412,019 411,000 49,677 47,891 46,678 46,408 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 1 Excludes carriers subject to I C C jurisdiction engaged preponderantly in local or suburban service and carriers engaged in transportation of both property and passengers. 2 Regular route intercity and local. 3 Vehicles owned, leased, and operated under "purchased transportation" arrangements, operated in all revenue service. 4 Excludes intercity service. 711 Q 82-96 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 82-96. State Highway Finances: 1890 to 1970 [In millions of dollars] Revenues Disbursements Receipts from current State imposts Highway-user revenue Total Total Federal funds 2 Motor vehicle and carrier taxes Motorfuel taxes Other i Receipts from issue of bonds, notes, etc.s 88 83 For State-administered highways All other 4 Total 6 89 90 Capital outlay for roads and bridges 91 Maintenance Other « 92 93 For county and local roads and streets AU other 7 94 95 16,501 15,293 14,563 13,161 13,217 12,532 12,363 11,091 10,697 9,758 8,843.1 8,238.5 7,426.5 6,886.9 6.577.4 7.012.7 6.582.8 6,116.8 5.831.9 5,511. 6,090.9 5,687.1 5.122.8 4,758.1 4,494.1 4,505.7 4.217.5 3.929.0 3.764.1 3,542.7 2,752.1 2,551.3 2.303.6 2.128.7 2,083.3 2,507.0 2.365.3 2.187.8 2.067.8 1.968.5 ,175.0 ,009.2 921.6 813.2 755.2 771.1 712.4 630.7 622.7 590.0 4.737.1 4.190.2 4,431.0 4.001.3 4,229.7 3.862.4 4,000.6 3.499.5 2,933.0 2,729.4 1.301.5 1,421.1 1,374.7 1,011.3 1,295.3 591.1 783.7 611.1 1,077.9 709.6 444.5 434.6 409.7 449.0 359.7 295.3 283.4 233.0 231.9 217.7 16,534 14,919 14,253 13,315 12,553 12,437 12,017 11,248 10,451 9,626 8,866.0 7.876.1 7,866.3 7,339.8 7,056.3 6.458.2 6.362.3 6.047.7 5.608.4 5,105.0 1.928.8 1.723.1 1.593.6 1,513.5 1.402.2 1.309.7 1.210.3 1.133.9 1,093.2 1.019.8 2,774.9 2.644.7 2,283.6 2,108.0 1.871.8 1,662.6 1.564.9 1,491.5 1,352.8 1,192.3 2,965.1 2.675.1 2.510.0 2.354.2 2.223.1 2.037.0 1,943.9 1,787.8 1.689.1 1,650.4 936. i> 787.2 707. 659. 9,276 9,542 8,451 7,067 6,789 5,794 6,913 5,401 4,651 4,051 5.313.0 5,075.7 4.688.1 4.544.5 4,394.9 4.014.4 3.648.5 3.420.5 3,094.0 2.863.2 3.399.6 3,256.3 2.976.1 2.894.7 2.788.2 2,533.1 2,301.7 2.167.9 1.958.1 1.809.3 1.913.4 1,819.3 1.711.9 1,649.8 1,606." 1,481.3 1,346.8 1.252.6 1.135.8 1.053.9 527.5 481.7 404.2 357.3 392.6 295.1 221.0 213.2 184.7 158.1 2,521.4 3,058.9 2,246.7 1,256.0 775.6 670.2 587.8 540.8 485.2 415.6 707.2 722.9 916.0 727.1 1.064.6 658.1 2,338.0 1,101.5 798.6 536.9 207.0 202.6 196.4 182.4 160.9 156.6 118.0 125.3 8,956 9,276 8,478 7,702 6,896 6,083 5,720 4,884 4,247 3,980 4,669.3 5.075.8 4,713.6 4.139.3 3.661.9 3,102.9 2.962.5 2.271.4 1,941.8 1.739.5 985.6 903.0 867.1 812.4 756.4 675.6 647.7 620.4 602.5 562.2 ,147.8 ,115.9 955.8 903.5 748.4 686.7 653.3 566. 472.4 484.0 1,556.6 1.517.3 1.431.2 1,347.6 1,236.1 1.130.4 1,044.1 994.0 905.4 808.8 597.3 664.5 510.8 499. 493.4 438.0 412.6 432.4 325.4 385.7 3,613 3,278 2,950 2,345 2,107 1,449 1,361 1,425 1,572 1,?"" 2,587.0 2,337.0 2,081.0 1.838.7 1.602.8 1,235.7 1,136.9 1.117.3 1,321.3 1,452.0 1.652.2 1.473.3 1,348.1 1.196.4 1,046.3 773.8 684.9 663.6 855.2 948.0 934.7 863.7 732.9 642.2 556.4 461.9 451.9 453.7 466.1 503.9 125.0 153.0 144.1 91.5 176.4 87.2 44.3 56.4 44.5 45.7 425.5 429.1 364.8 288.3 147.2 59.9 91.9 152.1 154.9 168.8 410.1 303.1 312.7 89.3 150.0 47.6 72.1 83.8 33.0 204.8 65.5 56.5 47.4 37.0 31. 18.5 15.6 15.2 18.3 27.6 3,561 3,201 2,873 1.533.8 1.361.9 1.138.6 882.3 502.3 210.4 210.3 268.6 401.6 525.2 501.4 488.0 465.6 374.5 327.3 287.7 258.9 224.8 216.7 234.8 447.5 355.8 343.4 344.0 404.9 344.0 290.0 303.1 263.7 505.8 752.4 735.3 652.8 537.3 400.4 309.8 297.8 315.5 359.3 359.0 326.1 259.8 273.2 244.8 153.0 149.7 186. 197.1 2 4 7 .9 2 6 3 .9 780 611 578 634 590 330 1 ;388 1,187 1,168 1,389 1,321.0 1,226.9 1,175.7 1.195.6 1,057.9 940.4 883.7 820.9 838.1 881.7 866.2 816.6 454.8 410.2 405.8 428.1 .374.9 324.8 318.5 301.5 324.0 344. 38.1 34.1 33.4 30.2 25.3 24.8 27.5 43.7 48.4 47.6 196.1 203.8 197.6 264.0 349.7 219.3 354.8 223.5 138.8 218.3 202.2 120.2 22.7 26.0 25.4 33.2 23.6 28.7 19.4 19.1 38.8 67.4 1,678 1,606 1,619 1,601 1,578 1,257 1,325 1,221 1,243 1,391 563.0 500.1 558.3 589.2 631.7 438.3 580.3 529.2 571.0 796.9 218.7 211.9 232.6 223.7 318.1 337.0 329.9 270.6 256.3 219.8 191.1 189.0 190.1 167.2 333.1 333.5 296.8 312.8 257.3 233.2 216.3 196.8 196.3 217.5 244.8 224.0 201. 205.2 211.0 179.2 155.7 126.6 108.2 47.1 1,296 1,209 998 879 825 783 634 521 545 432 850.7 778.9 626.8 559.6 475. S 405.6 302.0 216.5 153.5 130.3 494.6 431.3 304.3 258.7 187.6 145.4 78.7 30.8 10.8 5.3 356.0 347.5 322.4 300.9 94.1 77.9 81.2 80.1 79.1 93.3 92.9 73.3 79.7 77.7 222.2 191.2 133.4 90.9 137.8 141.4 101.6 88.1 143.0 114.8 74.5 85.5 98.8 96.4 83.1 86.5 98.6 80.6 102.9 40.1 1,330 1,089 98S 847 74? 759 688 501 494 443 728.8 575.4 558.4 418.8 366.0 403.8 397.6 279.9 287.4 300. 193.9 173.6 160.2 139.1 125.7 119.3 104.8 75.3 75.3 64.8 167.1 136.9 96.3 129.3 260.2 223.2 185.7 142.7 125.0 55.1 75.8 57.6 52.0 49.2 56.1 39.4 62.4 65.8 69.7 200.5 171.0 141.1 136.4 115.6 101.4 75.6 57.8 40.0 32.4 27. 23.9 22.9 18.8 20. 14.0 9.6 6.8 358 102.9 65.7 51.4 37.5 25. 18.2 12. 1.3 1.0 101.5 64.6 51.4 37.5 25.8 97.5 27.7 30.2 6.3 23.0 61.9 11.7 2.1 38.2 34.3 7.0 21.6 4.8 25.3 11.6 57.4 81.7 48.8 50 33.5 27.0 25.1 358 221 139 240.3 124.9 71.9 25.4 19.2 13 87 90 75 49.8 55.9 53.8 58.4 53.0 34.9 27. 18.4 19.2 14.5 221 139 116 87 90 76 Year 1913. 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909 1908. 769.8 767.4 683.0 615.5 565.1 519.4 514.0 537.4 288.2 18.2 12.3 State highway debt outstanding 94.2 65.6 52.4 38.3 31.6 24.4 Year 1907 1906. 1905 1904 1903 1902 20.1 26.1 77.2 145.9 111.5 134.2 117.1 103.0 79.8 104.6 174.7 State highway debt outstanding 18.4 16.4 15.4 15.0 14.5 14.0 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. Z Less than 50,000. 1 Includes road, bridge, and ferry tolls; property taxes; appropriations from general funds; and other State imposts. 2 Includes funds of Federal Highway Administration and other agencies paid as reimbursement to the States. Does not include direct Federal expenditures for highways. 3 Includes refunding issues and toll revenue bonds. 712 88.6 2 116 Year 1901. 1900. 1899. 1898. 1897. 1896 61.6 222.0 187.1 181.5 179.3 178.1 162.9 116.6 115.9 89.8 74.4 54. 41.8 12.2 10.0 8.2 6.7 29.7 29.6 19.0 14.7 14.1 10.2 7.5 1.8 10.2 6.7 5.8 5.2 State highway debt outstanding 13.1 12.7 68.0 Year 1895. 1894. 1893. 1892. 1891. 1890. 4.2 4.9 4.5 2.8 1 9 2.0 State highway debt outstanding 2.6 (Z) (Z) (Z) 1.3 .5 4 Includes funds transferred from local governments and miscellaneous receipts. »Beginning 1966, excludes amounts allocated for collection and nonhighway purposes, and bonds redeemed by refunding. 6 Includes administration, engineering, and equipment; State highway police; interest on obligations for State highways; and retirement of obligations for State highways. 7 Includes expenditures and funds transferred for nonhighway purposes and expense of collecting and administering highway-user revenue. HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION Series Q 97-112. Q 136-250 Receipts and Disbursements of Highway Funds by Counties and Townships: 1921 to 1970 [In millions of dollars] Receipts of counties and townships for highways Local receipts Total receipts Total Local highway user imposts Tolls Disbursements of counties and townships for highways 4 Transfers from other governments Property Borrowtax, general ing 1 fund, misc. Total 2 Federal Total disbursements 6 Capital outlays8 105 106 107 State 102 103 1,216 1,179 1,061 1,009 977 1,565 1,435 1,321 1,288 1,194 72 53 44 41 45 1,485 1,376 1,255 1,202 1,146 3,028 2,818 2,639 2,577 2,345 915 846 806 761 714 186 867 821 829 790 769 1,133 1,082 997 955 947 43 33 30 30 29 1,087 1,044 964 922 916 2,203 2,068 1,996 1,934 1,896 681 649 618 605 579 19 20 19 16 15 115 184 167 141 128 735 713 701 649 622 875 836 804 809 750 28 21 26 28 21 845 812 776 779 728 1,737 1,745 1,704 1,603 1,509 15 14 13 13 12 229 113 126 696 674 638 603 546 17 18 18 17 9 678 655 619 584 536 1,429 1,369 1,297 98 587 566 549 513 470 565 538 489 485 375 12 11 10 8 7 104 120 98 127 64 447 405 380 349 303 502 472 447 371 327 6 5 4 2 3 495 466 442 369 323 575 519 516 669 847 310 276 266 320 364 5 5 5 39 28 18 57 94 265 242 242 257 265 265 243 250 349 483 4 2 2 79 191 931 987 1,023 869 901 348 354 370 389 326 69 86 108 56 277 282 281 280 269 583 633 653 480 575 624 660 567 664 812 314 282 320 456 602 50 31 24 67 109 263 250 295 388 492 310 378 247 208 210 818 790 835 841 775 622 636 700 716 667 95 111 150 181 169 527 525 550 535 498 683 690 638 731 657 581 646 598 645 635 144 158 129 150 202 437 488 469 495 433 101 97 98 3,075 2,913 2,693 2,609 2,410 1,511 1,478 1,372 1,321 1,216 50 42 18 20 18 24 21 21 20 20 222 2,247 2,135 2,012 1,990 1,926 1,114 1,053 1,015 1,035 979 12 11 10 9 8 19 18 17 16 16 216 203 159 1,753 1,762 1,695 1,619 1,518 878 926 891 810 768 9 9 4 4 3 1,531 1,371 1,329 1,253 1,128 835 697 691 650 582 4 4 3 3 1,067 1,010 936 856 702 - 236 272 272 201 220 121 1,463 1,392 1,272 1,205 1,138 269 65 62 55 53 46 959 939 922 133 123 108 99 99 48 45 45 41 40 500 521 549 518 425 923 874 847 784 764 95 92 81 76 65 32 32 32 31 1,106 450 436 401 355 285 701 677 649 618 596 64 59 55 51 47 29 29 28 27 29 1,043 990 929 826 685 266 279 255 208 147 557 498 478 432 373 44 39 33 27 24 29 31 32 33 35 261 241 248 270 292 556 506 470 643 836 74 58 52 173 311 308 271 237 246 254 20 19 18 18 22 41 45 49 55 299 362 394 223 341 283 271 259 257 234 925 989 1,031 876 909 432 495 533 353 449 249 240 239 234 222 19 19 18 19 24 58 63 68 72 73 95 154 25 215 224 222 208 209 629 662 576 686 847 194 238 130 168 248 202 187 191 235 262 23 26 27 28 38 80 81 81 87 91 196 154 135 125 108 196 154 135 125 108 852 808 832 829 752 297 257 282 289 266 284 260 260 238 213 50 37 41 42 83 78 80 75 67 102 44 40 86 22 102 44 40 86 22 689 688 645 733 670 265 256 242 330 337 197 195 184 185 186 29 27 46 40 40 52 55 50 35 34 1,200 Debt retirement 6 108 201 163 146 Represents zero. Includes long and short-term notes. The latter are for two years or less. Beginning 1940, includes small amount from municipalities, not shown separately. 3 Includes Federal work-relief funds (mainly Works Progress Administration) for 1933-42 respectively, as follows (in millions of dollars): 25, 150, 91, 339, 221, 389, 352, 295, 189, and 78. 1 2 104 Main- Administenance tration and and Interest 8 operaother tion 1,080 1,008 218 4 Includes expenditures by local rural agencies for highways. The major share of the expenditures were for the local highway system. However, in some instances, outlays for State-administered highways and local city streets are included. 6 For 1931-1959, includes small amount for nonhighway purposes, not shown separately. 8 Includes debt service for long and short-term notes. The latter are for two years or less. 713 Q 113-128 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 113-128. Receipts and Disbursements of Highway Funds by Municipalities: 1921 to 1970 [In millions of dollars] Disbursements of municipalities for highways 8 Receipts of municipalities for highways Transfers from other governments Local receipts Total receipts Total Local highway user imposts Property tax, Borrow- general ing i fund, misc. Tolls Suit* 119 120 121 122 123 Main- Administenance tration and and Interest 6 other operation 127 128 2,578 2,430 2,288 2,116 1,994 96 91 87 74 74 93 89 85 82 81 525 447 458 499 444 1,864 1,803 1,658 1,461 1,395 1,00? 839 758 710 638 20 10 5 6 5 895 764 686 664 602 3,570 3,273 2,982 2,786 2,530 1,074 1,017 935 894 808 1,240 1,136 1,066 970 893 668 525 445 381 332 138 131 118 111 102 397 384 339 354 333 52 80 79 76 62 2,362 2,228 2,170 1,968 2,003 1,748 1,652 1,680 1,523 1,592 71 67 61 67 67 77 65 60 58 53 394 371 475 377 450 1,206 1,149 1,084 1,021 1,022 614 576 490 445 411 11 22 5 1 2 574 523 435 395 365 2,305 2,199 2,117 2,046 1,949 722 731 694 679 645 854 801 789 758 738 234 214 189 165 163 101 97 94 91 83 345 303 309 302 275 49 53 42 51 45 1,987 1,892 1,702 1,725 1,550 1,572 1,491 1,313 1,390 1,266 67 66 62 68 57 64 54 53 52 49 507 503 347 436 365 944 868 851 834 795 415 401 389 335 284 3 389 364 351 305 264 1,954 1,815 1,773 1,682 1,523 666 631 656 615 563 685 659 614 567 542 152 133 155 123 105 80 75 63 57 47 323 263 241 264 220 48 54 40 38 16 1,485 1,314 1,186 1,302 963 1,224 1,068 971 1,113 792 56 49 49 35 25 46 43 42 41 37 385 290 236 443 205 737 686 644 594 525 261 246 215 189 171 243 232 204 178 162 1,347 1,269 1,153 1,256 959 507 464 415 379 336 479 456 442 409 377 82 71 70 70 56 52 50 43 44 42 180 194 151 329 133 25 16 15 14 10 918 1,014 776 671 485 753 860 662 565 407 23 23 20 17 16 31 26 24 21 10 187 300 136 132 53 512 511 482 395 328 165 154 114 106 78 154 145 106 101 76 901 971 756 635 463 329 320 253 212 100 346 347 324 265 220 51 50 43 34 24 42 43 40 39 37 115 200 86 78 75 13 8 7 4 4 399 310 297 407 495 350 261 248 358 437 15 14 12 7 8 8 11 10 11 9 31 19 22 66 79 296 217 204 274 341 49 49 49 49 58 48 43 43 46 52 389 381 322 372 494 55 53 41 81 112 191 193 176 168 170 18 13 14 21 26 38 39 41 48 59 84 79 43 49 122 1 2 2 2 2 504 471 448 489 396 429 404 393 432 367 10 20 17 11 9 7 5 6 - 324 297 297 377 348 75 67 55 57 29 63 54 47 50 25 509 479 433 488 430 171 172 140 130 125 133 153 144 134 154 24 33 31 29 26 60 62 62 63 60 114 54 53 128 65 2 1 1 1 - 86 80 74 39 19 373 392 407 536 737 352 366 386 516 716 „ 17 29 13 42 73 335 337 373 474 643 21 26 21 20 21 17 21 17 15 16 408 376 501 630 790 107 110 135 208 344 145 148 147 166 193 24 25 24 27 32 68 75 82 87 88 64 18 113 142 133 910 860 841 848 729 899 847 833 845 724 112 122 115 115 100 787 725 718 730 624 11 13 8 3 5 - 11 13 8 3 5 946 779 745 747 644 473 427 441 451 372 197 196 180 182 167 33 32 30 30 28 91 82 74 69 62 152 42 20 15 15 694 573 403 376 . 337 691 573 403 376 337 113 91 578 482 403 376 337 3 „ 3 591 492 403 376 337 356 285 226 213 191 147 130 120 115 108 24 22 20 19 18 54 45 37 29 20 10 10 — — _ — — — — - - _ _ — — - — — - - _ — — — — _ — — - — — - — — — — Represents zero. Includes long and short-term notes. The latter are for two years or less. Beginning 1931, includes small amount from county and townships, not shown separately. 9 Represents expenditures for highways and streets b y local municipal governments. The major share of the expenditures were for the local highway system However, in 1 2 714 1 - 1 1 1 - _ — - - _ — 1 6 9 5 2 - _ — — — - _ — — — — — — — — — — 125 126 Transfers to other governments 3,580 3,269 3,046 2,826 2,632 117 124 Debt retirement 8 114 115 118 Federal Capital outlays 113 - 116 Total! Total disbursements 4 — — — - _ _ _ — - - _ — - „ — — — - some instances, outlays for State-administered highways and local county-level streets are included. < For 1937-1958, includes small amount for nonhighway purposes, not shown separately. 6 Includes debt service for long and short-term notes. The latter are for two years or less. Q 129-147 HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION Series Q 129-135. Year Total Highway Construction—Contracts Awarded: 1947 to 1970 [In millions of dollars. Covers federally and State owned highways only; includes force-account construction authorized to start] Highways Federally aided projects Federally owned State owned Total value Independent State projects Federal funds Total value Total facilities Highways Year Federally owned 12» 1970. 19691968. 1967. 1966. 6,520 6,625 5,305 5,522 5,459 52 38 84 78 127 6,468 6,587 5,220 5,444 5,332 4,877 5,048 3,711 4,112 4,173 3,619 3,784 2,766 3,077 3,131 1,591 1,539 1,510 1,332 1,159 49 78 63 213 99 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 4,935 4,868 4,418 4,336 >4,482 135 123 142 95 92 4,800 4,745 4,275 4,241 3,803 3,896 4,055 3,730 3,253 3,168 2,976 3,084 2,770 2,506 2,289 904 690 546 988 634 49 82 27 326 92 1960*. 1959. 4,030 13,805 129 86 3,901 3,213 3,097 2,638 2,218 1,877 804 575 165 59 Total value Federal funds Total value Total facilities 133 134 135 130 14,585 13,917 13,303 96 92 92 3,996 3,311 2,718 3,489 2,390 1,737 2,504 1,614 963 507 921 981 44 343 337 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951 2,619 12,746 12,713 12,088 i1,743 59 62 53 90 71 2,560 2,300 2,287 1,654 1,362 1,256 1,218 998 912 780 667 630 519 476 409 ,304 ,082 ,289 743 582 695 459 1950. 1949. 1948. 1947 1,528 i1,448 11,436 917 36 47 28 25 1,492 1,150 1,145 892 798 643 740 635 415 332 386 329 694 507 405 257 228 1 800 146 68 120 46 (NA) Includes locally owned; therefore, details do not add to total. Public Highway Debt- -Long-Term Highway Obligations of State and Local Governments: 1945 to 1970 Series Q 136-147. State data are for calendar years; local data are for varying fiscal years. Excludes duplicated and interunit obligations, except as noted. Municipal obligations include data for all municipalities and other political subdivisions urban in character] D e b t issued Year State owned Independent State projects 1958. 1957. 1956. * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. NA N o t available. [In millions of dollars. Federally aided projects D e b t outstanding Debt redeemed Total i State County and local rural 136 137 138 Municipal Total! State 139 140 141 County and local rural 142 Municipal Total State 143 144 145 County and local rural Municipal 146 147 1970 1969... 1968 1967 1966 1,886 2,022 1,991 1,633 1,680 1,305 1,351 1,377 1,012 1,156 174 241 241 194 158 407 430 373 427 366 1,252 1,122 1,071 965 915 782 705 657 540 519 152 137 136 136 126 318 280 278 289 270 19,107 18,572 17,672 16,749 16,080 13,903 13,380 12,734 12,014 11,542 1,685 1,658 1,554 1,450 1,394 3,519 3,534 3,384 3,285 3,144 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1,070 1,097 981 1,535 1,272 586 634 458 1,017 718 169 156 114 184 153 315 307 409 334 401 855 752 732 679 665 459 381 382 340 330 123 116 114 110 117 273 255 236 229 218 15,316 15,114 14,773 14,537 13,718 10,905 10,778 10,525 10,449 9,772 1,363 1,317 1,281 1,285 1,252 3,048 3,019 2,967 2,803 2,694 1960 1959*.. 1958 1957 1956 1,206 1,158 1,352 1,200 1,439 680 669 913 702 1,067 190 153 140 123 105 336 336 299 375 267 616 610 543 535 438 300 308 252 253 190 96 92 94 92 97 220 210 197 190 151 13,166 12,576 12,278 11,422 10,659 9,384 9,004 8,641 7,945 7,496 1,280 1,186 1,130 1,084 1,035 2,502 2,386 2,507 2,393 2,128 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1,174 2,684 1,353 1,102 790 646 2,317 1,038 797 535 205 94 119 100 79 323 273 196 205 176 421 433 344 339 349 191 168 139 157 156 89 109 86 78 82 141 156 119 104 111 9,658 8,905 6,654 5,645 4,883 6,619 6,164 4,015 3,116 2,476 1,027 911 926 893 868 2,012 1,830 1,713 1,636 1,539 652 533 476 308 3161 400 254 270 80 55 90 98 83 107 49 162 181 123 122 62 322 261 266 3 258 >261 143 106 117 115 124 83 81 79 78 78 96 84 78 75 72 4,436 3 2,096 1,838 1,690 1,537 1,571 872 888 870 866 837 1,468 1,402 1,298 1,254 1,207 49 11 22 20 3 258 115 87 78 1,638 869 1,218 1950 1949 1948. 1947.. 1946 1945 3 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. Excludes refunding issues. 1 3 2 8 34,077 33,797 33,589 8 3,538 33,640 Excludes redemptions b y refunding. Duplicated and interunit obligations have been excluded from totals only. 715 Q 148-162 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 148-162. Motor-Vehicle Factory Sales and Registrations, and Motor-Fuel Usage: 1900 to 1970 [Number sold includes sales of military vehicles. Value of sales does not include Federal excise taxes. Motor-vehicle registrations Motor-vehicle factory sales Motor trucks and buses 1 Passenger cars Mil. dol. 1,000 Mil. dol. Motor-fuel usage Total Automobiles Buses Trucks Total 152 153 154 155 156 1,000 1,000 1,000 Mil. gal. Number Wholesale Number Wholesale value value 1,000 Beginning 1937, standard equipment is included in the value estimate] 1,000 Highway Mil. gal. Nonhighway Trucks ConsumpPassenger and tion per vehicles combinavehicle tions 158 159 Mil. gal. Mil. gal. Mil. gal. 6,546.8 8,223.7 8,822.1 7.436.7 8,598.3 14,500 18,751 19,352 15,653 17,554 1,692.4 1,923.1 1,896.0 1,539.4 1.731.0 108,407.3 105,096.6 100,884 " 96,930.9 3,953 9 3 , 9 6 2 . 0 89.279.8 86.861.3 83.591.6 80.414.1 78.122.9 379.0 364.2 351.7 337.9 322.1 18,748.4 17,870.9 16,941.2 16,178.8 15,516.8 96,331 92,240 87,154 81,911 78,979 92,328 88,135 82,948 77,730 74,664 4,002 4,105 4,206 4,180 4,314 66,728 63,395 59,456 56,020 54,208 25,600 24,727 23,482 21,673 20,415 9.305.5 7.751.8 7,637.7 6,933.2 5,542.7 18,380 14,836 14,427 13,071 10,285 1,751.8 1,540.4 1.462.7 1.240.1 1.133.8 3,733 3,223 3,090 2,581 2,155 90.357.6 86,301.2 82.713.7 79,173 " 75,958.2 75,257.5 71.982.7 69.055.4 66.108.2 63,417.3 314.2 305.3 297.8 285.2 279.6 14,785 14.013.1 13,360.4 12,779.8 12,261 75,312 72,097 68,760 66,101 64,534 71,104 67,901 64,516 61,697 59,306 4,208 4,196 4,244 4,404 5,228 51,169 48,431 46,084 44,608 42.863 19,935 19,470 18,432 17,089 16,443 6.674.7 5.591.2 4.257.8 6.113.3 5,816.1 12,164 10,543 8,010 11,198 9,754 1,194.4 1.137.3 877.2 1,107.1 1.104.4 2,350 2,338 1.730 2,082 2,077 73.868.6 71.354.4 68.296.5 67,124.9 65.148.2 61.682.3 59,453.9 56.890.5 55.917.8 54.210.9 272.1 265.1 270.1 264.0 258.7 11.914.2 11.635.3 11.135.8 10.942.9 10,678.6 63,210 61,715 58,589 56,954 55,149 57,877 56,331 53,418 51,864 50.214 5,332 5,383 5,171 5,089 4,935 41,996 40,879 38,904 37,594 36,128 15,882 15,453 14,514 14,271 13,978 7.920.1 5.558.8 6.116.9 4.320.7 5.338.4 12,452 8,218 9,002 6,455 7,241 1,249.1 1.042.1 1.206.2 1,218.1 1,426.8 2,020 1,660 2,089 2,319 2,323 62.688.7 58.505.3 56.217.4 53.262.4 51.912.7 52.144.7 48.468.4 46.429.2 43,823.0 42.688.3 255.2 248.3 244.2 240.4 230.4 10,288.8 9,788.5 9,543.9 9.198.8 8.993.9 52,565 49,118 47,381 45.037 42,473 47.730 44,365 42.731 40,584 38,128 4,834 4,753 4,649 4,452 4,345 34,319 31,670 30,384 28,735 26,910 13,308 12,541 12,245 11,849 11,171 6.665.8 5.119.4 3.909.2 3.558.1 2.148.6 8,468 6,650 4,870 3,936 1,979 1,337.1 1.134.1 1.376.2 1,239.4 940.9 1,707 1,394 1,880 1.731 1,043 49.161.6 44.690.2 41.085.5 37,841.4 34.373.0 40,339.0 36,457.9 33.355.2 30.849.3 28,217.0 223.6 208.9 196.7 187.4 173.5 8,598.9 •8,023.4 7.533.5 6.804.6 5,982.3 39,830 36,440 34,329 31,680 28,876 35,652 32,431 30,460 28.215 25,648 4,177 4,009 3,868 3,464 3,227 25,037 23,645 22,149 20.864 19,502 10,566 8,666 8,189 7,243 6,068 57 1,181 1,700 1,451 1,427 1,069 31.035.4 30.479.3 30.888.1 33.003.6 34,894 " 25,796.9 25.566.4 36,009.0 27.972.8 29.624.2 152.5 152.3 135.9 119.7 162.1 5,076.3 4,760.2 4.726.7 4.894.8 5.150.1 22,046 19,292 18,642 22,438 26,429 19,148 16,429 16,004 19,939 24,192 2,897 2,862 2,638 2,499 2,237 14,023 11,805 11,424 214,974 18,502 5,055 4,576 4,534 4,889 5,754 16,759 15,826 15,069 15,018 14,026 5,156 4,807 4,465 4,365 4,003 69.5 .6 .1 3.779.6 163 2,567 655.6 737.5 699.6 818.6 1,060.8 3.717.3 2.888.5 2,019.5 3.929.2 3.679.2 2,370 1,770 1,241 2,240 2,014 754.9 700.3 488.8 891.0 782.2 567 3 2 . 4 5 3 . 2 489 3 1 , 0 0 9 . 9 329 2 9 . 8 1 3 . 7 537 3 0 . 0 5 8 . 8 463 2 8 . 5 0 6 . 8 27,465.8 26.226.3 25.250.4 25,467.2 24.182.6 101.1 92.2 87.6 83.1 62.6 4.886.2 4.691.2 4,475.5 4.508.5 4.261.6 24.038 22,571 21,311 21,115 19,561 22,001 20,714 19,611 19.455 18,099 2,037 1,857 1,700 1,659 1,462 3,273.8 2,160.8 1,560.5 1,103.5 1,948.1 1,707 1,140 773 616 380 326 175 137 265 26.546.1 25.261.7 24.159.2 24.391.0 26.093.9 22,567.8 21.544.7 20,657.2 20,901.4 22,396.2 58.9 51.5 44.9 43.4 41.8 3.919.3 3.665.4 3.457.0 3.446.1 3.655.8 17,637 16,557 15,367 15,427 16,621 16,344 15,414 14,348 14,339 15.456 1,292 1,143 1,019 1,108 697.3 576.2 329.2 228.3 432.2 2.787.4 4,455.1 3.775.4 2.936.5 3.692.3 1,644 2,790 2,572 2,164 2,607 575.3 881.9 583.3 464.7 608.6 390 622 460 420 484 26.749.8 26.704.8 24,688.6 23.303.4 22.200.1 23.034.7 23.120.8 21.362.2 20.193.3 19.267.9 40.5 33.9 31.9 27.6 24.3 3.674.5 3.549.9 3,294.4 3.082.4 2.907.8 15,777 15,051 13,090 11,936 10,552 14,753 14,139 12,361 11,331 10,063 1,023 911 728 605 488 3,735.1 3,185.8 3.624.7 2,274.1 1,468.0 2,458 1,970 2,196 1,494 1,038 530.6 416.6 409.2 269.9 148.0 458 318 308 226 166 20.068.5 17.612.9 15,102.1 12.273.5 10.493.6 17.481.0 15.436.1 13,253.0 10,704.0 9,212.1 17.8 2.569.7 2.176.8 1,849.0 1.569.5 1.281.5 9,143 7,809 6,313 5,014 4,064 8,749 7,497 6,078 4,841 3,935 394 312 235 173 129 1.905.5 1.651.6 943.4 1.745.7 1,525.5 1,809 1,365 801 1,053 921 321.7 224.7 227.2 128.1 92.1 423 371 434 220 161 9,239.1 7.576.8 6.160.4 5.118.5 3.617.9 8,131.5 6,679.1 5,554.9 4,727.4 3,367.8 1.107.6 897.7 605.4 391.0 250.0 3,448 2,747 3,346 2,672 102 75 895.9 548.1 461.5 356.0 199.3 575 420 399 335 225 74.0 24.9 23.5 22.0 10.6 125 44 44 43 21 2,490.9 1,763.0 1,258.0 944.0 639. £ 2,332.4 1,664.0 1,190.3 901.5 618.7 158.5 99.0 67.6 42.4 20.7 181.0 215 159 135 91 6.0 3.2 1.5 1.0 9 5 468.6 312.0 198.4 143.2 10.1 108.1 458.3 305.9 194.4 140.3 105.9 78.8 55.2 32.9 23.0 14.8 77.4 54.5 32.9 23.0 14.8 1.4 .7 8.0 8.0 222.8 123.9 63.5 43.0 33.2 24.2 22.1 11.2 9.0 7.0 4.1 (Z) (Z) 61 38 23 13 10 2 1 1 1 1 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. Z Less than $500,000. 1 A substantial portion of the number of trucks and buses (series Q 150) consists of 716 Gallons 1,088 1,164 6.0 4.0 2.9 2.2 chassis only, without bodies; hence the value of bodies for these chassis (series Q 151) is not included. 2 Beginning 1942, includes travel by military vehicles. Q 136-250 HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION Series Q 163-174. Automobile Insurance: 1946 to 1970 [Money figures in millions of dollars. 1950, net basis; 1955, direct writing basis; 1960 and 1965, direct premiums earned and direct losses incurred; 1969, premiums written basis; 1970, premiums earned basis] Bodily injury Losses paid 1 Premiums written Year 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965_ 1964_ 1963 1962 1961 __ 1960* 1959 1958 1957 1956. 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 __ . ... . 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 .. Total Property damage 2 Premiums written 165 166 Losses paid 1 Losses paid 1 Losses paid 1 Percent of premiums written Total Percent of premiums written 167 168 Premiums written 169 Premiums written Total Percent of premiums written 170 171 172 Total Percent of premiums written 173 174 163 164 14,612 12,906 11,693 10,800 10,008 8,358 7,582 7,341 6,922 6,668 11,198 7,715 6,642 5,814 5,235 5,221 4,787 4,459 4,034 3,723 76.6 59.8 56.8 53.8 52.3 62.5 63.1 60.7 58.3 55.8 6,723 5,892 5,383 4,991 4,610 3,948 3,612 3,333 3,144 2,977 5,256 3,093 2,802 2,580 2,351 2,459 2,266 2,017 1,849 1,744 78.2 52.5 52.1 51.7 51.0 62.3 62.7 60.5 58.8 58.6 2,836 2,544 2,280 2,091 1,894 1,567 1,418 1,328 1,276 1,285 2,291 1,693 1,416 1,224 1,090 1,025 940 826 748 705 80.8 66.5 62.1 58.5 59.6 65.4 66.3 62.2 58.6 54.9 5,053 4,470 4,030 3,718 3,504 2,843 2,552 2,680 2,502 2,406 3,651 2,929 2,424 2,011 1,794 1,737 1,581 1,616 1,437 1,274 72.3 65.5 60.1 54.1 51.2 61.1 62.0 60.3 57.4 53.0 6,448 6,060 5,404 5,037 4,541 4,644 4,175 4,165 3,608 2,995 3,645 3,445 2,846 2,714 2,363 2,122 1,869 1,810 1,646 1,406 56.5 56.8 52.7 53.9 52.0 45.7 44.8 43.5 45.6 47.0 2,841 2,596 2,432 2,180 1,899 1,735 1,642 1,562 1,332 1,126 1,697 1,615 1,280 1,141 923 820 746 661 569 493 59.7 62.2 52.6 52.3 48.6 47.3 45.4 42.3 42.7 43.8 1,219 1,185 1,087 989 925 896 877 833 715 575 675 655 572 541 488 415 387 374 369 313 55.4 55.3 52.6 54.7 52.8 46.3 44.1 44.9 51.5 54.5 2,388 2,279 1,885 1,868 1,717 2,013 1,656 1,770 1,561 1,294 1,273 1,175 994 1,032 952 887 736 775 708 600 53.3 51.6 52.7 55.2 55.4 43.6 44.4 43.8 45.4 46.3 2,625 2,332 2,019 1,657 1,250 1,069 901 802 673 582 40.7 38.7 39.7 40.6 46.6 931 879 744 636 500 396 343 286 235 189 42.5 39.0 38.4 36.9 37.7 482 453 366 289 193 231 205 171 138 107 47.9 45.3 46.9 37.9 55.1 1,212 999 910 732 557 442 353 345 300 287 36.5 41.0 37.9 41.0 51.5 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 1 For 1970, includes adjusting expenses. Series Q 175-186. 2 3 Covers real property against damage by autos. Covers auto fire, theft, collision, and comprehensive. Percent Distribution of Automobile Ownership, and Financing: 1947 to 1970 [In percent. Excludes Alaska and Hawaii] Method of financing purchases Families owning automobiles All passenger cars 1 Years Physical damage 3 Automobile liability Total insurance Used passenger cars 1 New passenger cars 1 Total Owning 1 automobile Owning 2 or more automobiles Total Full cash 2 Installment credit and other borrowing Total Full cash 2 Installment credit and other borrowing Total Full cash 2 Installment credit and other borrowing 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 1970 1969 1968 1967.. 1966. 1965... 1964 1963 1962.. 1961. 82 79 79 78 79 79 78 80 74 76 54 52 53 53 54 55 55 58 57 58 28 27 26 25 25 24 22 22 17 18 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 47 47 42 48 48 48 47 45 44 48 53 53 58 52 52 52 53 55 56 52 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 34 34 31 38 37 40 40 38 38 39 66 66 69 62 63 60 60 62 62 61 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 52 51 50 53 52 53 51 49 48 52 48 49 50 47 48 47 49 51 50 48 I960... 1959 1958 1957.. 1956.. 1955 1954 1953... 1952 1951 77 74 70 75 72 70 66 61 60 60 62 59 60 62 61 60 58 55 56 56 15 15 10 13 9 10 8 5 4 4 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 38 38 43 38 36 38 37 38 35 44 62 61 56 60 61 60 61 61 63 55 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 33 33 36 36 34 39 38 40 41 52 67 66 63 63 63 60 61 59 57 47 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 41 41 45 39 38 37 36 37 33 39 59 57 54 58 60 60 61 62 65 60 1950 1949 1948... 1947 59 56 54 7 3 100 100 100 100 47 50 59 65 52 49 39 35 100 100 100 100 54 56 66 71 46 43 33 29 100 100 100 100 41 47 55 63 57 52 42 37 ... _ 3 52 48 3 1 Refers to purchases during preceding year. Includes cars received as gifts, whether cash or credit purchased. Detail in purchases excludes buyers for whom method of financing was not ascertained. 2 Includes trade-in allowance, 8 Based on spending units (persons living in the same dwelling and related by blood, marriage, or adoption) who pooled their income for major items of expense. 717 Q 187-207 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 187-198. [Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Average speed (m.p.h.) Vehicles recorded (1,000) All vehicles Passenger cars Percent of vehicles exceeding— Trucks Buses 40 m.p.h. 45 m.p.h. 50 m.p.h. 190 191 192 193 194 188 1 Speed of Motor Vehicles on Highways: 1945 to 1970 Based on actual speed of each vehicle recorded on tangent sections of main rural highways during off-peak hours] 55 m.p.h. 60 m.p.h. 65 m.p.h. 70 m.p.h. 196 197 198 488 388 480 478 519 552 569 539 602 574 59.2 60.0 59.0 58.0 57.3 56.4 55.9 55.8 53.8 52.6 60.6 61.3 60.4 59.5 58.8 57.8 57.2 57.1 55.1 53.7 54.7 54.9 54.0 53.1 52.6 51.8 51.0 51.3 49.4 48.2 58.8 59.4 60.5 59.4 58.8 57.4 57.8 58.1 56.0 55.3 97 98 97 96 96 95 95 95 93 92 93 92 91 89 88 87 88 84 80 83 82 81 79 76 73 71 72 64 60 68 67 66 64 59 56 53 52 43 38 47 46 45 44 40 34 32 29 21 18 459 396 515 344 381 395 236 241 341 273 52.6 52.0 51.7 51.4 50.5 50.5 49.7 49.7 49.5 48.9 53.8 53.3 52.8 52.6 51.8 52.0 51.1 51.1 50.8 50.1 48.2 47.3 47.3 47.0 46.2 45.6 45.2 44.9 45.0 44.4 55.5 53.5 53.6 52.6 52.3 52.3 51.8 51.5 52.1 51.2 92 90 90 89 87 87 86 85 84 82 80 77 77 75 72 72 69 69 68 63 58 56 55 52 49 50 46 47 45 42 37 36 33 33 30 29 26 27 26 24 16 16 15 15 14 14 12 13 12 11 280 223 164 132 158 96 47.6 47.6 47.7 46.9 45.2 44.0 48.7 48.7 48.8 48.1 46.1 45.0 43.0 43.5 43.1 42.5 40.2 39.8 49.8 50.3 50.0 48.4 47.8 45.5 77 78 77 75 68 64 58 60 59 56 48 42 37 38 36 34 29 24 20 21 20 18 15 8 9 9 8 7 5 11 27 27 26 24 12 13 12 12 August 15 to December 31. Series Q 199-207. Miles of Travel by Motor Vehicles: 1921 to 1970 [In million vehicle-miles] All motor vehicles Passenger vehicles 1 Trucks and combinations Total travel Urban travel Rural travel .Urban travel Rural travel Urban travel Rural travel 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 Average miles per vehicle All motor vehicles Passenger Trucks and vehicles 1 combinations 206 Year 207 Total travel 577,373 544,547 513,289 485,493 469,777 423,853 405,086 385,422 368,089 339,633 543,332 526,028 502,360 476,060 460,720 463,787 441,414 420,001 398,763 397,902 496,767 468,275 440.936 417,209 402,573 358,796 342,755 327,079 318.937 294,191 409,268 395,620 378,062 361,888 354,019 355,188 339,474 322,775 314,626 314,762 80,606 76,272 72,353 68,284 67,204 65,057 62,331 58,343 49,152 45,442 134,064 130,408 124,298 114,172 106,701 108,599 101,940 97,226 84,137 83,140 9,798 9,650 9,507 9,420 9,407 9,278 9,311 9,265 9.467 9,492 11,450 11,565 11,571 11,268 11,207 11,737 11,723 11,644 10,406 10,461 1935. 1934. 1933. 1932. 1931. 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926 228,568 215,563 200,642 200,517 216,151 206,320 197,720 172,856 158,453 140,735 718,845 700,478 664,653 647,004 631,161 605,646 561,963 544,433 513,581 491,093 331,585 323,790 307,069 296,699 287,200 275,105 247,551 236,058 224,118 222,671 387,260 376,688 357,584 350,305 343,961 330,541 314,412 308,375 289,463 268,422 286,898 279,931 265,729 256,563 246,961 235,384 210,671 199,754 189,987 188,670 305,538 297,393 283,454 277,235 271,955 261,445 246,733 240,046 224,534 207,579 44,687 43,859 41,340 40,136 40.239 39,721 36,880 36,304 34,131 34,001 81,722 79,295 74,130 73,070 72,006 69,096 67,679 68,329 64,929 60,843 9,474 9,559 • 9,524 9,425 9,389 9,400 9,354 9,417 9,442 9,208 10,583 10,552 10,348 10,328 10,813 10,697 10,883 10,927 10,940 10,790 1925. 1924 1923. 1922 1921 122,346 104,838 84,995 67,697 55,027 458,246 424,461 397,957 370,894 340,880 250,173 212,713 208,192 268,224 333,612 218,248 205,364 199,082 184,088 170,049 130,161 110,750 108,990 138,235 163,591 239,998 219,097 198,875 186,806 170,831 120,012 101,963 99,202 129,989 170,021 184,476 175,686 170,331 158,770 148,497 111,401 93,679 91,942 119,653 143,101 183,218 171,044 153,617 145,921 136,153 92,831 77,264 74,592 102,780 135,558 33,772 29,678 28,751 25,318 21,552 18,760 17,071 17,048 18,582 20,490 56,780 48,053 45,258 40,885 34,678 27,181 24,699 24,610 27,209 34,463 9,078 9.468 9,648 9,814 10,033 7,870 6,647 6,366 7,910 9,663 10,776 9,915 10,030 9,955 9,630 9,270 8,998 9,034 9,616 10,750 302,188 285,402 271,177 270,110 252,128 149,993 142,253 136,264 138,072 129,450 152,195 143,149 134,913 132,038 122,678 130,269 122,805 117,537 118,216 110,419 121,988 115,378 109,145 107,743 100,602 19,724 19,448 18,727 19,856 19,031 30,207 27,771 25,768 24,295 22,076 9,129 9,025 8,923 8,819 8,675 10,626 10,504 10,383 10,264 10,098 718 1 Passenger cars, buses, and taxicabs. Rural travel 201 199 1,120 705 1,070 ,575 1,015 649 961 553 930 497 887 i640 846 ,500 805 ,423 766 852 737 535 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. Urban travel 118,327 112,513 105,578 106,366 115,580 111,202 107,409 110,241 103,050 95,064 94,151 100,571 95,118 90,311 HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION Series Q 208-223. Q 208-232 Motor Vehicle Deaths and Death Rates, by Age: 1913 to 1970 [Rates are deaths per 100,000 population] All ages Year or period Number Rate 208 209 Under 5 years 1 6-14 years 15-24 years 25-44 years 45-64 years 65-74 years Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 75 years and over 2 Number Rate 223 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 54,633 56,791 55,200 52,924 53,041 25.3 27.6 28.8 27.8 28.3 1,915 2,077 2,100 2,067 2,182 11 11 11 10 11 2 6 0 7 0 4,159 4,045 4,200 3,845 3,869 10 9 10 9 9 2 8 2 4 6 16,720 17,443 16,600 15,646 15,298 46.7 49.8 51.6 49.2 48.8 13,446 13,868 13,600 12,987 13,282 27.9 28.9 28.5 27.6 28.6 11,099 11,012 11,300 10,902 11,051 26.5 26.6 27.8 26.9 27 9 4,084 4,210 4,100 4,285 4,217 32.7 35.2 34.5 36.5 36.4 3,210 3,136 3,300 3,192 3,142 42.2. 41.5 46.7 45.7 45.6 1965... 1964 1963 1962 1961 49,163 47,700 43,564 40,804 38,091 26.5 26.1 24.3 23.1 22.0 2,059 2,120 1,991 1,903 1,891 10 10 9 9 9 1 2 6 2 2 3,526 3,430 3,063 3,028 2,802 8 8 8 8 7 9 8 0 1 6 13,395 12,400 11,123 10,157 9,088 44.2 42.7 40.1 38.4 36.5 12,595 12,500 11,356 10,701 10,212 27.1 26.8 24.4 22.9 21.8 10,509 10,200 9,506 8,812 8,267 27.0 26.6 25.1 23.6 22.5 4,077 4,150 3,786 3,696 3,467 35.5 36.4 33.4 32.8 31.0 3,002 2,900 2,739 2,507 2,364 45.0 44.9 43 9 41.5 40.5 1960 1959... 1958 1957 1956 38,137 37,910 36,981 38,702 39,628 22.4 22.7 22.5 24.1 25.1 1,953 1,842 1,791 1,785 1,770 9 9 9 9 9 6 2 1 2 4 2,814 2,719 2,710 2,604 2,640 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 1 0 4 9,117 8,969 8,388 8,667 9,169 37.7 38.2 37.0 39.7 42.9 10,189 10,358 10,414 11,230 11,551 21.8 22.2 22.2 23.9 24.6 8,294 8,263 7,922 8,545 8,573 22.9 23.2 22.6 24.8 25.3 3,457 3,487 3,535 3,560 3,657 31.3 32.3 33.5 34.4 36.2 2,313 2,272 2,221 2,311 2,268 41.1 41.8 42.3 45.5 46.4 1955.... 1964 1953 1952. 1961 38,426 35,586 37,955 37,794 36,996 24.6 23.0 24.9 25.0 24.6 1,875 1,864 2,019 1,951 1,875 10 10 11 11 10 2 4 5 3 9 2,406 2,332 2,368 2,296 2,300 8 8 8 8 9 0 1 5 7 2 8,656 7,571 8,169 8,115 7,713 40.9 36.2 39.1 38.6 36.0 11,448 10,602 11,302 11,380 11,253 24.5 22.6 24.6 24.7 24.7 8,372 7,848 8,318 8,463 8,276 25.2 24.0 25.8 26.7 26.5 3,455 3,247 3,508 3,472 3,444 35.1 33.9 37.7 38.5 39.5 2,214 2,203 2,271 2,118 2,135 47.1 49.0 52.6 50.8 53.0 1950 1949. 1948 1947 1946 34,763 31,701 32,259 32,697 33,411 23.3 21.5 22.3 23.0 24.0 1,767 1,667 1,635 1,502 1,568 10 10 11 10 11 8 7 0 5 9 2,152 2,158 2,337 2,275 2,508 8 9 9 9 10 8 0 8 7 8 7,600 6,772 7,218 7,251 7,445 34.5 30.7 32.5 32.8 34.4 10,214 8,892 8,702 8,775 8,95-5 22.5 19.9 19.8 20.3 21.1 7,728 7,073 7,190 7,468 7,532 25.1 23.4 24.3 25.7 26.4 3,264 3,116 3,173 38.8 37.8 39.6 2,038 2,023 2,001 5,426 5,403 62.4 53.9 55.4 48.2 49.6 1945 1944 1943 1938-1942 avg 1933-1937 avg 28,076 24,282 23,823 33,549 36,313 21.4 18.3 17.7 25.5 29.3 1,290 1,203 1,132 1,187 1,273 10 9 9 11 12 0 6 4 1 4 2,386 2,093 1,959 2,453 3,054 10 9 8 10 12 3 1 6 8 7 5,358 4,561 4,522 6,705 6,790 27.8 22.6 20.6 28.5 29.3 7,578 6,514 6,454 9,173 10,224 19.7 16.7 16.1 23.1 26.9 6,794 5,982 5,996 8,594 9,521 24.2 21.6 22.0 32.8 39.8 4,670 3,929 3,760 6,437 5,451 44.1 38.2 37.6 59.8 69.8 1928-1932 1923-1927 1918-1922 1913-1917 30,900 21,700 12,500 6,700 26.4 19.6 12.3 7.0 1,600 1,300 950 450 12 11 8 3 8 1 3 8 3,600 3,800 3,100 1,600 14 15 14 7 5 8 1 7 5,600 3,500 1,650 950 25.1 16.8 8.8 5.1 8,200 5,400 2,900 1,700 22.6 15.9 9.4 5.9 7,500 4,800 2,500 1,400 35.0 24.7 14.5 8.9 4,500 2,900 1,400 600 67.5 48.6 27.9 13.4 avg avg avg avg 1 Based on populations standardized for age (base 1940) to remove influence of changes in age distribution that occurred between 1913 and 1969. Series Q 224-232. Year 2 Includes "age unknown." In 1967, those deaths numbered about 23. Motor-Vehicle Accidents—Number and Deaths, by Type of Accident: 1913 to 1970 Traffic deaths i Total motorvehicle accidents (1,000) Total Noncollision accidents 224 225 226 Traffic death rates Collision accidents With other motor vehicles With pedestrians With fixed objects population Per 10,000 motor vehicles 227 228 229 230 231 Per 100,000 Per 100 million vehicle miles 232 1970. 1969. 1968 1967 1966. 16,000 15,500 14,600 13,700 13,600 54,633 55,791 54,862 52,924 53,041 2 15,400 15,700 17,400 16,700 16,300 23,200 23,700 22,400 22,000 22,200 9,900 10,100 9,900 9,400 9,400 2 3,800 3,900 2,700 2,350 2,500 26.8 27.7 27.5 26.8 27.1 4.9 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 4.9 5.2 5.4 5.5 6.7 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 13,200 12,300 11,500 11,000 10,400 49,163 47,700 43,564 40,804 38,091 14,900 14,600 13,800 12,900 12,200 20,800 19,600 17,600 16,400 14,700 8,900 9,000 8,200 7,900 7,650 2,200 2,100 1,900 1,750 1,700 25.4 25.0 23.1 22.0 20.8 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.2 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 10,400 10,200 10,000 10,200 10,300 38,137 37,910 36,981 38,702 39,628 11,900 11,800 11,600 11,800 13,000 14,800 14,900 14,200 15,400 15,200 7,850 7,850 7,650 7,850 7,900 1,700 1,600 1,650 1,700 1,600 21.2 21.5 21.3 22.7 23.7 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.7 6.1 5.3 5.4 5.6 6.0 6.3 1955 1954 1953 1962 1951 9,900 9,550 9,900 9,500 9,400 38,426 35,586 37,955 37,794 36,996 12,100 11,500 12,200 11,900 11,200 14,500 12,800 13,400 13,500 13,100 8,200 8,000 8,750 8,900 9,150 1,600 1,500 1,500 1,450 1,400 23.4 22.1 24.0 24.3 24.1 6.1 6.1 6.7 7.1 7.1 6.3 6.3 7.0 7.4 7.5 See footnotes at end of table. 719 Q 224-234 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 224-232. Year Motor-Vehicle Accidents—Number and Deaths, by Type of Accident: 1913 to 1970—Con. Traffic deaths 1 Total motorvehicle accidents (1,000) Total Noncollision accidents 224 225 226 Traffic death rates Collision accidents With other motor vehicles With pedestrians With fixed objects 2 227 228 229 Per 100,000 population Per 10,000 motor vehicles Per 100 million vehicle miles 230 231 232 _ ... _ _ _ 8,300 7,600 8,200 8,400 6,150 34,763 31,701 32,259 32,697 33,411 10,600 9,100 8,950 8,800 8,900 11,650 10,500 10,200 9,900 9,400 9,000 8,800 9,950 10,450 11,600 1,300 1,100 1,000 1,000 950 23.0 21.3 22.1 22.8 23.9 7.1 7.1 7.9 8.6 9.7 7.6 7.5 8.1 8.8 9.8 1945 1944.. 1943 . . . 1942 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1941 _ _ _ 5,500 4,800 4,400 5,200 7,000 28,076 24,282 23,823 28,309 39,969 6,600 5,600 5,690 6,740 9,450 7,150 5,700 5,300 7,300 12,500 11,000 9,900 9,900 10,650 13,550 800 700 700 850 1,350 21.2 18.3 17.8 21.1 30.0 9.1 8.0 7.7 8.6 11.5 11.2 11.4 11.4 10.6 12.0 1940 . 1939 _ 1938 _ 1937 _. _ _ . . . 1936 _ _ 6,100 5,700 5,800 7,000 34,501 32,386 32,582 39,643 38,089 7,800 7,900 7,350 9,690 9,410 10,100 8,700 8,900 10,320 9,500 12,700 12,400 12,850 15,500 15,250 1,100 1,000 940 1,160 1,060 26.1 24.7 25.1 30.8 29.7 10.6 10.4 10.9 13.2 13.4 11.4 11.4 12.0 14.7 15.1 1935 _ __ 1934 1933 _ ... 1932 _. _ 1931 _ 36,369 36,101 31,363 29,500 33,700 9,720 9,820 8,680 7,000 7,850 8,750 8,110 6,470 6,070 6,820 14,350 14,480 12,840 11,490 13,370 1,010 1,040 900 800 870 28.6 28.6 25.0 23.6 27.2 13.7 14.3 13.0 12.2 13.0 15.9 16.8 15.6 16.1 17.0 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 32,900 31,200 28,000 25,800 23,400 8,730 8,430 7,360 7,280 5,880 5,400 4,310 3,430 12,900 12,250 11,420 10,820 720 620 540 500 26.7 25.7 23.4 21.8 20.1 12.4 11.8 11.4 11.2 10.6 17.4 17.3 17.4 17.7 18.0 19.1 17.1 16.5 11.0 11.0 17.9 12.2 1950 1949 1948. _ 1947 1946 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 ... . . 21,900 19,400 18,400 15,300 13,900 .. 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 12,500 11,200 10,700 10,200 8,200 1915 1914 1913 6,600 4,700 4,200 1 Totals may not quite equal sums of various types because totals for most types are estimated, and these have been rounded. Series Q 233-234. [In cents per gallon. Year 2 Data based on improved reporting procedure; therefore, not entirely comparable with other years. State and Federal Gasoline Tax Rates: 1930 to 1970 When 2 figures appear in a cell, the first is tax in effect at beginning of year, the other is tax at end of year] State average Federal tax 1 233 234 Year State average Federal tax i Year State average 1970. 1969_ 1968. 1967. 1966. 7.01 6.84 6.62 6.45 6.42 4 4 4 4 4 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951. 5.35 5.19 5.10 4.83 4.74 2 2 2 2 .5-2 1940 1939. 1938 1937. 1936. 3.96 3.96 3.96 3.91 3.85 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 6.41 6.31 6.22 6.18 6.09 4 4 4 4 4 1950. 1949. 1948 1947. 1946 4.65 4.52 4.35 4.25 4.16 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1935. 1934 1933 1932 1931 3.80 3.66 3.66 3.60 3.48 I960. 1959* 1958. 1957. 1956. 5.94 5.86 5.65 5.58 5.54 4 3-4 3 3 2-3 1945 1944 1943. 1942 1941. 4.10 4.06 4.05 3.99 3.99 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1930 3.35 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 1 The 4-cent gasoline tax applies to all gallonage imported or produced. Effective July 1, 1955, the entire tax became refundable for fuel used for farming; thereafter, 720 the additional two cents (one cent levied July 1, 1956, and one cent levied Oct. 1,1959) became refundable for nonhighway uses, and for use by local transit systems. HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION Series Q 235-250. Public Transit Mileage, Equipment, Passengers, and Passenger Revenue: 1917 to 1970 Mileage (Dec. 31) Railway track Q 235-250 Trolley coach Motor bus Equipment owned (Dec. 31) Revenue and nonrevenue passengers (millions) Revenue Railway Trolley cars coaches 238 Motor buses Total Railway Trolley coach Motor bus 240 241 242 243 244 gers (mil.) ger revenue (mil. dol.) Employees (1,000) 245 246 247 Passengers carried, Emrailway (millions) ployee payroll (mil. Subway dol.) Surface and elevated 248 249 2,081 2,081 2,045 2,049 2,153 563 112,700 563 117,300 616 121,000 616 123,600 676 122,100 10,600 10,665 10,745 10,645 10,680 1,050 1,082 1,185 1,244 1,326 49,700 49,600 50,000 50,180 50,130 7,332 7,803 8,019 8,172 8,083 2,116 2,229 2,181 2,201 2,035 182 199 228 248 284 5,034 5,375 5,610 5,723 5,764 5,932 1.639.1 6,310 1.554.7 6,491 1.470.2 6,616 1,457.4 6,671 1.385.4 138 141 144 146 144 1,274 1,184 1,110 1,055 995 235 249 253 263 282 2,173 2,173 2,236 2,557 2,601 766 120,900 986 118,300 1,119 117,400 1,849 114,300 2,017 111,500 10,664 10,614 10,634 11,084 11,419 1,453 1,865 2,155 3,161 3,593 49,600 49,200 49,400 48,800 49,000 8,253 8,328 8,400 8,695 8,883 2,134 2,166 2,165 2,283 2.289 305 349 413 547 601 5,814 5,813 5,822 5,865 5,993 6,798 1.340.1 6,854 1,326.0 6,915 1.316.3 7,122 1.330.2 7,242 1,320.9 145 145 147 149 152 964 917 892 878 856 276 289 329 284 434 3,143 3,445 3,844 5,019 5,746 2,196 108,700 2,491 106,300 2,723 104,500 3,007 102,400 3,293 100,700 11,866 11,983 12,201 12,759 13,225 3,826 4,297 4,848 5,412 5,748 49,600 49,500 50,100 50,800 51,400 9,395 9,557 9,732 10,389 10,941 2,313 2,349 2,387 2,522 2,756 657 749 843 993 1,142 6,425 6,459 6,502 6,874 7,043 7,521 7,650 7,778 8,338 8,756 1,334.9 1.308.0 1,282.2 1.319.8 1.351.1 156 159 165 177 186 857 832 831 840 852 463 521 572 679 876 6,197 6,765 7,352 8,532 9,457 3,428 3,630 3,663 3,736 3,678 99,800 99,000 100,000 99,600 99,700 14,532 15,600 17,234 19,176 20.604 6,157 6,598 6,941 7,180 7,071 52,400 54,000 54,700 55,980 57,660 11,529 12,392 13,! 15,119 16,125 3,077 3,401 4,076 4,601 5.290 1,202 1,367 1,566 1,640 1,633 7,250 7,624 8,260 8,878 9,202 9,189 9,858 11,036 12,022 12,281 1.358.9 1.410.0 1,448.6 1.438.1 1.411.6 198 211 220 227 232 864 895 913 903 872 1,207 1,489 2,036 2,477 3,101 10,813 11,931 12,964 14,976 16,716 3,513 3,337 2,905 2,699 2,354 98,000 96,400 96,500 95,300 91,100 22,986 24,728 26,280 30,158 33,479 6,504 6,366 5,687 4,707 3,916 56,820 57,035 58,540 56,917 52,450 17,246 19,008 21,368 22,540 23,372 6,168 7,185 9,112 10,852 11,862 1,658 1,661 1,528 1,356 1,311 9,420 10,162 10,728 10,332 10,199 13,845 15.251 17,312 18,287 19,119 1,386.8 1.419.7 1.416.8 1.324.2 1.331.5 240 253 261 266 261 835 841 829 790 713 3,904 4,839 6,506 8,096 9,027 17,702 18,082 18,181 18,171 18,342 2,313 2,245 2,248 2,273 2,041 90,400 87,700 87,000 85,500 82,100 36,377 37,199 37,505 37,508 37,670 3,711 3,561 3,501 3,385 3,029 49,670 48,400 47,100 46,000 39,300 23,254 23,017 22,000 18,000 14,085 12,124 12,137 11,806 9,856 8,502 1,244 1,234 1,175 899 652 9,886 9,646 9,019 7,245 4,931 18,982 1,313.7 18,735 1.296.9 17,918 1,235 " 14,501 979.1 11,302 758.8 242 242 2j9 219 205 632 599 554 462 386 9,426 9,516 9,150 7,290 6,074 19,602 20,600 21,800 23,770 25,300 1,925 1,543 1,398 1,166 78,000 74,300 70,400 67,000 37,662 40,372 42.605 45,312 48,103 2,802 2,184 2,032 1,655 1,136 35,000 32,600 28,500 27,500 23,900 13,098 12,837 12,645 13,246 13,146 8,325 8,539 8,781 9,468 9,824 534 445 389 289 143 4,239 3,853 3,475 3,489 3,179 10,504 10.252 9,985 10,436 10,512 701.5 681.5 662.9 689.7 685 203 202 206 360 352 344 348 328 5,943 6,171 6,545 7,161 7,501 26,700 28,500 548 423 58,100 54,700 50,466 54,118 58,124 578 441 310 23,800 18,700 17,200 12,226 12,038 11,327 12,025 13,924 9,512 9,600 9,207 9,852 11,583 96 68 45 37 28 2,618 2,370 2,075 2,136 2,313 9,782 642.3 204 204 201 311 303 287 7,276 7,394 7,074 15,567 16,985 16,989 17,201 17,234 13,072 14,358 14,518 14,901 15,225 16 5 3 2,479 2,622 2,468 2,300 2,009 16,651 16,301 16,311 15,735 15,167 15,312 15,650 15,331 14,574 62,200 1,484 989 661 404 15,541 14,916 14,243 14,507 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 721 TRANSPORTATION Q 251-263 Series Q 251-263. Miles of line operated 251 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 Oil originated Oil Pipelines Operated and Oil Originated: 1921 to 1970 Oil delivered out of system Crude Refined Total T o connecting carriers 252 253 254 255 256 Terminated Investment Companies in carrier reporting property Number Current Current liabilities Retained income Capitalization 260 261 262 Mil. bbl. Mil. bbl. Mil. bbl. Mil. bbl. Mil. bbl. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. 175,735 170,824 169,307 165,478 163.155 3,568 3,405 3,203 3.017 2,826 2,449 2,316 2,203 2,035 1,774 8,147 7,745 7,269 6,800 6,238 2,320 2,243 2,048 1,890 1,770 5,827 5,499 5,221 4,910 4,468 101 99 97 90 87 786 379 139 745 433 628 644 562 519 572 480 441 431 354 333 1,124 1,037 950 873 858 2,518 2,267 2,130 1,943 1,790 161,412 159,583 156,812 155,053 153,737 2,618 2,567 2,467 2,379 2,336 1,629 1,381 1,182 1,078 966 5,864 5,565 5,322 5,109 4,923 1,757 1,684 1,648 1,624 1,646 4,107 3,881 3,673 3,485 3,277 90 94 92 4,178 4,040 3,915 3,518 3,407 555 530 535 432 432 301 293 254 184 190 835 812 843 798 769 1,635 1,620 1,685 1,383 1,397 151,968 149,159 144,354 145,236 142,686 2,239 2,182 2.018 2,183 2,195 909 849 757 668 663 4,783 4,659 4,317 4,472 4,458 1,639 1,624 1,509 1,590 1,613 3,144 3,035 2,807 2,883 2,845 87 85 82 82 83 3,300 3,197 2,949 2,843 2,716 393 384 347 364 368 187 175 154 161 217 701 673 633 600 467 1,439 1,385 1,383 1,357 1,304 140,374 138,962 133,900 132,715 131,457 2,038 1,829 1,861 1,810 1,774 586 502 435 385 345 4,039 3,705 3,627 3,359 3,201 1,444 1,355 1,279 1,198 1,126 2,595 2,349 2,349 2,161 2,075 84 81 78 75 76 2,586 2,501 2,312 2,064 1,822 353 316 301 323 233 185 155 173 182 166 432 403 372 328 279 1,282 1,266 1,177 1,024 759 128,589 124,984 124,092 119,298 116,544 1,525 1,415 1,586 1,431 1,319 297 241 227 187 154 2,740 2,448 2,697 2,474 2,260 937 792 880 851 766 1,803 1,656 1,817 1,623 1,494 76 73 73 71 70 1,656 1,498 1,381 1,225 1,106 192 175 168 127 104 126 97 110 105 83 219 202 180 148 129 549 439 339 298 113,351 111,615 108,783 106,485 105,435 1,292 1,277 1,123 981 971 150 147 144 92 82 2,365 2,389 2,077 1,764 1,642 964 1,043 866 692 563 1,401 1,347 1,211 1,072 1,079 74 75 74 69 71 1,043 1,001 965 919 885 115 104 108 81 56 78 91 82 75 91 120 93 71 62 30 301 283 297 301 293 100.156 98,681 95,938 96,612 93,926 886 803 793 885 755 72 70 65 63 52 1,407 451 956 907 868 910 788 66 63 59 58 52 842 830 808 803 774 47 32 35 44 42 52 48 45 51 43 51 40 40 42 295 310 295 323 309 92,037 93,070 93,724 92,782 93,090 723 557 538 508 489 44 3'5 29 25 16 709 53 51 48 46 49 763 758 766 764 845 47 72 66 77 132 40 11 20 21 37 59 101 92 89 171 346 348 360 368 474 88,728 85,796 81,676 76,070 72,846 40 37 33 32 33 773 741 659 609 539 133 129 130 125 93 167 186 186 150 130 458 428 388 388 342 70,009 68,185 64,760 57,349 55,260 35 36 34 36 33 511 496 432 382 365 159 144 130 127 102 107 78 152 148 346 496 497 472 337 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii, 1 After extraordinary and prior period items. 722 Chapter Q Rail Transportation (Series Q 264-412) Q 264-412. General note. The principal sources of these series are various issues of two annual publications of the Interstate Commerce Commission: For 19541970, Transport Statistics in the United States, part 1; and for all years prior to 1954, Statistics of Railways in the United States. N o attempt has been made to adjust the figures for the effect of changes in methods of accounting and reporting; hence, the data for the various years are often only approximately comparable. Although railroads regulated by the I C C are still described legally as "steam railways," most train and switching operations, since 1957, are performed by diesel locomotives, and some divisions of the railways included are electrified. The Commission has also regulated a small and diminishing number of railways of the interurban electric type which are not included in the figures shown here. Railway operating companies are those whose officers direct the actual transportation service and whose; books contain operating as well as financial accounts. Lessor companies maintain a separate legal existence!, but their properties are operated by the lessees. Proprietary companies are also nonoperating companies. Their outstanding capitalization is owned by other railway companies. The term "circular" refers to roads (operating or nonoperating; for which brief circulars showing date of incorporation, mileage, and a few other facts were filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission. They include intrastate roads and roads under construction. The term "unofficial" is used to indicate roads for which official returns were not received by the ICC—the figures having been taken from the returns by roads in prior years, and items contained in railway and engineering periodicals and newspapers, corrected in accordance with the best information available. Snitching and terminal companies are those operating separately for joint account or for revenue. Services such as those of switching and terminal companies are mostly performed directly by the line-haul carriers as an ordinary part of their business. Line haul denotes train movements between terminals and stations on main and branch lines of the road, exclusive of switching. Beginning in 1911, the I C C classified operating companies on the basis of operating revenues. Those of class I had annual revenues above $1,000,000; class II, above $100,000; and class III, below $100,000. Beginning in 1956, the minimum for class I was raised to $3,000,000 and the other two classes were consolidated. Effective January 1965, the classification was changed to the following: Class I, $5,000,000 or more; and class II, under $5,000,000. If the; revenues of a company fall below the limit:, the company is not reclassified until the decline appears to be; permanent. The relative importance of class I railroads has increased since; 1911 because of the growth of traffic and the absorption of small re>ads in larger systems. The ratio oi operating revenues of class 1 line-haul companies to the; total revenues of classes I, II, and 111 was 96.48 percent in 1911, 97.45 in 1916, 98.07 in 1926, 98.76 in 1941, 99.06 in 1945, and 98.21 in 1969. A collection of definitions of words or phrases frequently used in discussions of railway statistics has been issued by the ICC, entitleei Railway Statistical Terms, Statement No. 4119, June 1941. For financial terms, see ICC, Uniform System of Accounts for Steam Railroads. Statistics of mileage in existence and stocks of equipment, and balance sheet items, pertain to the end of the; year indicated. There are no class I railroads in Alaska or Hawaii. Q 264-273. Elcctric railways—summary, 1890-1937. Source: U.S. Bureau e>f the Census, Census of Electrical Industries, Report on Street Railways and Trolley-Iiux and Motorbus Operations. The census of street railways, which was first taken in 1890, and which was taken at quinquennial intervals from 1902 through 1937, covers all street railways, without regard to kind of motive power, and all interurban railways using other than steam as motive power. The nonelectric railroads included are those operated principally by cable and gasoline engines. Operations of electrified divisions of steamrailway companies are not included. Figures in these series do not include data for motorbus and trolley-bus e>perations of electric street railways. For motorbus and trolley-bus statistics from census reports, see source. Q 274-282. Railroad passenger and freight scrvice, 1865-1890. Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, Railway Statistics Before 1890, Statement- No. 32151 (mimeographed), 1932. Before 1890, the principal semrce of continuous informatiem on railroads is the annual Poor's Manual of Railroads. The figures in the Manual were revised in successive issues. The Interstate Commence Commissiem consulted the issues from 1869 to 1900 and evidently took account e>f the revisions. Earnings and traffic figures are understatements of actual level; mileage covered is shown in the table below. Similar but not identical figures, with the degree of ce>verage similarly indicated in terms of mileage, appear in Bureau of the Census, Report on Transportation Business in the United States at the Eleventh Census, 1890, part I. Table I. Miles of Road Operated by Railroads | Year 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886... 1885 1884 1883 1882 1881 1880. 1 . . _ . . . .. . . ; 158,037 153,945 145,387 137,028 125,185 1 lloads reporting earnings and traffic statistics Itoaris reporting earnings 1 : | ! | • 157,970 153,689 145,341 Hit). 986 125,141; 123,320 ! 122,110 115,704 1 113,172 110,414 i 106,938 104,971 1 95.752 92.971 . 82,146 '- . . . . Koaeis reporting earnings 1 Year 1879 1878. .... ..; 79,009 78,960 1876. 73,508 1875 1874 1873. 1872. 1871 71.759 69,273 ,237 57,323 44,614 1851. ....; 8,836 Includes elevated railways. All figures are; based e»n reports of individual railroads for fiscal years finding in the calendar year indicated. The period of time covered is, therefore, not the; same for all carriers included. Balance sheet data pertain to the ends of such fiscal years. Data for 1890 shown in these series do not agree with 1890 data shown for series Q 284- 312 because of different sources. Q 283. Freight servicc, ton-miles carricd, 13 railroads, 1865-1885. Source: II. V. and II. W . Poor, Manual of Railroads, New York City, 1888, p. X X V I I I (reprinted with permission, Standard & Poor Corporation). The roads represented are 7 eastern roads (Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne, and Chicago; New York Central; Lake Shore; Michigan Central; Boston and Albany; New York, Lake Erie and Western) and 6 western roads (Illinois Central; Chicago and Alton; Chicago and Rock Island; Chicago, Burlington and Quincy; Chicago and Northwestern; Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul). 723 TRANSPORTATION Q 284-329 Q 284-312. Railroad mileage, equipment, and passenger traffic and revenue, 1890-1970. Source: All series, except series Q 293-294, see general note for series Q 264-412. Series Q 293, 1913-1970, and series Q 294, 1911-1956, American Railway Car Institute, New York, Railroad Car Facts, annual issues (copyright); series Q 294,1957-1970, U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, Transport Statistics in the United States, part 1, annual issues. Q 285, mileage constructed. Miles on which operations were begun during the year. Figures exclude relocated road or road constructed to shorten distance without serving new territory. Q 286, mileage abandoned. Miles on which operation was permanently abandoned during the year, the cost of which was written out of the investment accounts or was scheduled to be written out at the end of the year. Q 289, track operated, first main track. Equivalent to miles of road operated. Figures exceed those for series Q 287, road owned, in most years because of two or more roads operating on same line under trackage agreements. Q 300, average tractive effort. Figures represent the force in pounds exerted by locomotives, measured at the rim of the driving wheels. Q 301-303, passenger-train cars. Includes coaches and parlor, sleeping, dining, club, lounge, observation, postal, baggage, express, and other cars, as well as cars serving a combination of purposes. Q 311, passenger revenue. Excludes revenue from services such as handling of excess baggage or mail; sleeping and parlor or chair car reservations; dining and buffet service on trains; station, train, and boat privileges; parcel rooms; storage of baggage; or other miscellaneous services and facilities connected with the transportation of passengers. Passenger revenue depends upon the established tariffs (the published schedules of rates and fares) and includes extra fares on limited trains, additional railway fares for the exclusive use of space, mileage and scrip coupons honored, or revenue from the transportation of corpses. Q 312, revenue per passenger mile. Represents figures for series Q 311 divided b y those for series Q 307. Q 313-314. Railroad revenue passenger-miles per car-mile and per train-mile, 1890-1970. Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 1890-1965, Revenue Traffic Statistics, December issues; 1966-1970, Transport Economics, June 1970, and unpublished data. Figures for revenue passenger-miles per car-mile and for passenger-miles per train-mile for 1890-1932, by the National Bureau of Economic Research from senger-miles, car-miles, and train-miles presented Railways in the United States. Q 315. for 1908-1919, were computed figures for pasin Statistics of Passenger train-miles per train-hour, 1936-1970. Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 1936-1957, Passenger Train Performance, December issues; 1958-1968, Annual Report, 1968 and 1969; 1969 and 1970, Transport Economics, June 1970, and unpublished data. The train-hour figures upon which these figures are based are reckoned from the time a train leaves its original terminal to the time it arrives at its final terminal. Time spent in stopping to take on and discharge traffic and other delays on the road is included. Q 316-318. Railroad freight revenue ton-miles per loaded car-mile, train-mile, and mile of road, 1890-1970. Source: See general note for series Q 264-412. 724 Q 319. Freight train-miles per train-hour, 1920-1970. Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 1920-1955, Freight Train Performance, December issues; 1956-1965, Annual Report, 1967 and 1969; 1966-1970, Transport Economics, June 1970, and unpublished data. For explanation of train-hour figures, see text for series Q 315. Q 320. Freight car-miles per car-day, 1921-1970. Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission. See general note for series Q 264-412; 1956-1962, Annual Report, various issues; 1963-1965, Transport Statistics in the United States, 1967; 1966-1970, Transport Economics, June 1970, and unpublished data. Q 321-328. Railroad mileage and equipment, 1830-1890. Source: See source for series Q 274-282. Equipment data pertain to the ends of fiscal years. See also text for series Q 274-282. Q 329. Miles of railroad built, 1830-1925. Source: 1830-1879, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Tenth Census Reports, vol. IV, Report on the Agencies of Transportation in the United States, p. 289. 1893-1925, Railway Age, vol. 104, N o . 1, SimmonsBoardman Publishing Corp., New York, January 1,1938, p. 66 (copyright). For a more detailed discussion of the problems of estimating miles of railroad built, see E. R. Wicker, "Railroad Investment Before the Civil War," and the " C o m m e n t " b y George R. Taylor and b y Charles J. Kennedy, in Studies in Income and Wealth, vol. 24, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York. The Tenth Census report (pp. 289-293, 300-375) contains materials on history of construction which includes figures on mileage built and existent, b y groups of States, for individual companies, annually from 1830 to 1880. Somewhat similar data appear in Bureau of the Census, Report on Transportation Business in the United States at the Eleventh Census: 1890, part 1, pp. 3 - 5 , 54-107. According to the Bureau of the Census, information was received from every railroad known to exist in 1880. The letter of instructions from the Superintendent of the Census to the railroads said: " I n c a s e s . . . in which the records have been lost, the officers of such companies and roads are requested to obtain . . . this information in the best form possible. The recollection of officers and employees long in the service of a road may be used . . . if more reliable data be not accessible." The Railway Age obtained its figures at annual intervals from individual railroads and from State railroad commissions. It is not clear just when a mile of road would be reported as built. Construction of some lines extended over several years. Each annual segment may have been reported when finished, or nothing may have been reported until the whole line was completed. The year of physical completion may have differed from the year in which traffic was first carried. In such cases, the mileage may have been assigned to either year. The Census Bureau figures pertain only to miles in operation in the census year. The figures for any year are, therefore, understatements to the extent that mileage constructed in that year may have been abandoned b y June 1,1880 (the date of the 1880 Census). The change from year to year in miles operated, series Q 321, or miles owned, series Q 322, is sometimes used as a measure of miles constructed. The annual change in miles operated, however, is also affected b y acquisitions of trackage rights, as a result of which the same line may be counted in the operation of two or more railroads. The changes in miles operated and in miles owned are affected b y abandonments during the year (regardless of when constructed). RAIL TRANSPORTATION Q 330. Miles of railroad operated by receivers or trustees, 1894-1970. Source: See general note for series Q 264-412. Q 331-345. Railroad freight traffic and revenue, 1890-1970. Source: See general note for series Q 264-412 except series Q 331, 332, and 338,1964-1970, from U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, Freight Commodity Statistics of Class I Railroads in the United States, annual issues. Revenue-tons and ton-miles exclude the movement of a railroad company's materials and supplies on its own lines. A carload is a shipment of 10,000 pounds or more of one commodity from one shipper to one consignee. Tons originated are tons identified as not having had previous line-haul transportation by other rail carriers; such shipments include import traffic and traffic from outlying possessions of the United States received from water carriers at the port of entry, and finished products from transit points. Ton-miles are computed by multiplying the weight of each shipment by the distance it moves and summing the products. For definitions of class I, II, and I I I roads, see general note for series Q 264-412. Q 333, products of agriculture. Includes not only raw farm products but simple manufactures such as flour, corn meal, cottonseed meal, cake, and linters. On the other hand, such products as vegetable oils, sugar and molasses, canned fruits and vegetables, and manufactured tobacco are included in series Q 337, manufactures and miscellaneous. Q 335, products of mines. Includes coke as well as coal and other raw minerals. Q 336, products of forests. Includes not only raw forest products but lumber, shingles, lath; box, crate, and cooperage materials; veneer and built-up wood. Q 343, freight revenue. Includes revenue from the transportation of freight and from transit, stop, diversion, and reconsignment arrangements upon the basis of tariffs. Excludes revenue from such activities as switching of freight-train cars; water transfers of freight, vehicles, and livestock; movement of freight trains at a rate per trainmile or for a lump sum; storage of freight; demurrage; grain elevators; stockyards; or other miscellaneous services and facilities connected with the transportation of freight. Q 346-355. Railroad property investment, capital, income, and expenses, 1850-1890. Source: See source for series Q 274-282. See also text for same series. Q 356-363. Q 330-397 Q 364-366. Railroad capital expenditures for additions and betterments, 1921-1970. Source: Association of American Railroads, 1921-1950, Railroad Transportation; 1951-1970, Yearbook of Railroad Facts, 1971. Additions comprise: Additional facilities such as equipment (rolling stock), tracks, buildings and other structures; additions to such facilities, such as extensions to tracks, buildings and other structures; additional ties laid in existing tracks; and additional devices applied to facilities such as airbrakes applied to cars not previously thus equipped. Betterments comprise improvements of existing facilities through the substitution of superior parts for inferior parts retired, such as the substitution of steel-tired wheels for cast wheels under equipment, the application of heavier rail in tracks, the strengthening of bridges by the substitution of heavier members, and the application of superior floors or roofs in buildings. Q 367-377. Railroad income and expenses, and interest and dividends, 1890-1970. Source: See general note for series Q 264-412. Q 367, operating revenue. Includes revenue from freight, passenger, and other transportation and incidental services. Q 368-370, operating expenses. Includes current depreciation. Q 371, tax accruals. Taxes imposed b y any form of government whether based on an assessed value of the property, on amounts of stocks and bonds, on earnings, income, dividends declared, payroll, number of passengers, quantity of freight, length of road, rolling stock, or other basis. Tax accruals do not include special assessments for street and other improvements, nor special benefit taxes such as water assessments. Q 372, operating income. Figures represent net revenue from railway operations, series Q 367 minus series Q 368, less tax accruals, series Q 371. Q 373, net operating income. Figures represent operating income, series Q 372, minus net payable balance of equipment and joint facility rents. The equipment rents deducted at this point are those for equipment leased for less than one year, or interchanged. They are usually on a per day or per mile basis. Q 374, net income. Figures represent net operating income, series Q 373, plus other income, minus miscellaneous deductions and fixed and contingent charges. Fixed charges are mainly rent for leased roads and equipment (i.e., equipment leased for one year or more), and interest (except contingent interest). Q 377, interest accrued on funded debt. Figures include interest not paid during year on debt in default of interest; they exclude interest on debt owed by the issuing company, or on debt incurred for new lines, extensions, additions or betterments, accrued before such property is completed or comes into service. Railroad property investment and capital, 1890-1970. Source: See general note for series Q 264-412. Q 356, investment, book value. Figures represent recorded value, in the accounts of carriers, of land, fixed improvements such as roadbed and track, rolling stock, maintenance machinery, etc., owned by them. Figures include property held under contract for purchase. Q 357, depreciation reserve. Figures represent the accumulated accounting allowance for loss in service value not restored b y current maintenance. The loss in value is incurred in connection with the consumption or prospective retirement of physical property in the course of service from causes against which carriers are not protected by insurance, which are known to be in current operation, and the effect of which can be forecast with a reasonable approach to accuracy. Q 361, funded debt unmatured. Funded debt is debt maturing more than one year from date of issue. Q 362, net capitalization. Figures represent railway capital outstanding, series Q 358, minus stocks and debt of railroad companies held by other railroad companies. Q 378-384. Railroad tax accruals, 1921-1970. Source: See general note for series Q 264-412. Other taxes, series Q 384, are largely property taxes levied b y State or local governments. Q 385-387. Railroad highway grade crossings, 1925-1970. Source: See general note for series Q 264-412. Specially protected highway grade crossings, series Q 386, include crossings with operated gates, watchmen, or both, during at least part of the day, and those with audible signals, visible signals, or both; they exclude those with fixed signs only. Q 388-397. Fuel received, ties and rails laid, and purchases by railroads, 1917-1970. Source: Series Q 388-393, see general note for series Q 264-412. Series Q 394-397, Association of American Railroads, 1923-1964, 725 TRANSPORTATION Q 388-412 Facts, annual issues (formerly issued by U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission), and related monthly reports. Q 388-390, fuel received. Figures include not only fuel for operation of trains but fuel for station, shop, or other use, except that figures for 1964-1970 include only the operation of locomotives and motorcars. Q 391, new rails laid. Figures include both rails laid in replacement and rails laid in additional tracks, new lines, and extensions, except that figures for 1917-1926 include only rails laid in replacement. Q 392-393, cross-ties laid. Figures for 1917-1926 include only ties laid in replacement. Of the total ties laid in 1927, 78,340,000 were in replacement. Treated ties are those which have been subjected to some preservative process, e.g., creosoting, before being placed in the track. Reportable railroad accidents are divided into three groups: (1-) Train accidents, (2) train-service accidents, and (3) nontrain accidents. Train accidents are those arising from the operation or movement of trains, locomotives, or cars which result in a reportable death or injury and more than $750 damage to equipment, track, or roadbed; or a collision, derailment, or other train accident, with more than $750 damage to equipment, track, or roadbed. Train-service accidents are those arising from the operation or movement of trains, locomotives, or cars which result in a reportable death or injury but not more than $750 damage to equipment, track, or roadbed. Nontrain accidents are those which do not result from the operation or movement of trains, locomotives, or cars. Railroad Transportation-, 1965-1969, Yearbook of Railroad annual issues. Q 398-399. Railroad employees and compensation, 1890-1970. Q 410-412. Source: See general note for series Q 264-412. An employee is defined as a person in the service of a railroad, subject to its continuing authority to supervise and direct the manner of rendition of his service. Persons such as lawyers engaged to render only specifically defined service for specific cases and not under general or continuing retainer are not classed as employees. For 1890-1914, the number of employees represents the number on the payroll June 30. Thereafter, the nature of the figures included for the smaller (class II and III) roads is not clear in the source. For class I roads they appear to be averages of 4 quarterly counts, 1915-1920; and of 2 quarterly and 6 monthly counts, 1921; beginning 1922, they are averages of 12 monthly counts. Q 400-409. Railroad accidents and fatalities, 1890-1970. Source: U.S. Federal Railroad Administration, Accident * * * * * * * * * * * Bulletin, Pullman company operations, 1915-1968. Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, Statistics of Railways in the United States and Transport Statistics in the United States, part 2, and, beginning 1963, part 1, The Pullman Company (Sleeping Car Companies), various annual issues; except series Q 411, 19151921, U.S. Office of Business Economics, Survey of Current Business, January 1939, p. 18. Figures for series Q 411 exceed those in series Q 310, parlor and sleeping car passenger-miles, mainly because travel of railroad employees etc. (for which railroad companies receive no revenue) is not included in series Q 310; but if Pullman accommodations are paid for, the travel is included in series Q 411. The number of Pullman employees, series Q 412, is the number on the payroll at the end of the year. The Pullman Company ceased operation in 1969. M o r e R e c e n t D a t a f o r Historical Statistics S e r i e s * * * * * * * * * * * * Statistics for more recent years in continuation of many of the still-active series shown here appear * * in annual issues of the Statistical Abstract of the United States, beginning with the 1975 edition. For * * direct linkage of the historical series to the tables in the Abstract, * see Appendix I in the Abstract. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . * * * * * * * * * 726 * * Q 264-300 RAIL TRANSPORTATION Series Q 264-273. Series No. Number Miles of Miles of Value of Number 269 270 Number of passenger cars Revenue passengers, including pay-transfer Operating revenues 7 .. Operating expenses 7 Operating ratio 271 272 273 1937 i 1932 2 478 14,214 23,770 4,399,768 152,476 2 706 20,110 31,548 4,143,381 s182,165 Item 264 265 266 267 268 of companies line operated 3 all track operated 3 _ . road and equipment... . of employees i $1,000.. 1,000.. $1,000_. $1,000.. percent . Electric Railways—Summary: 1890 to 1937 1927 ' 963 27,948 40,722 (NA) 264,576 32,548 44,835 5,136,442 294,826 79,914 76,162 70,016 60,290 32,505 9,545,555 567,512 332,896 58.7 7,441,115 418,188 251,309 60.1 4,774,212 247,554 142,313 67.6 2,023,010 90,617 62,011 68.4 566,290 442,607 78.2 the year; for 1912, as of Sept. 16. Figures for 1937 represent an average of numbers reported on June 30 and Dec. 31. 6 Includes 334 trolley-bus operators. * Includes 29,721,000 trolley-bus passengers. 7 Includes auxiliary operating revenues of $91,242,000 for 1922 and $8,905,000 for 1927; auxiliary expenses, $49,232,000 for 1922 and $7,822,000 for 1927. Data for operating revenues and operating expenses of auxiliary operations excluded so far as possible for earlier years. Railroad Passenger and Freight Service: 1865 to 1890 Freight service TonTotal Ton- Revenue Revenue Revenue Freight revenuemiles per ton-miles miles per carried, carried, tonper passen- revenue tons 13 railmile traingercarried 1 all roads mile mile roads Year Passenger revenue Freight service revenue Tonmiles carried, 13 railroads Year Freight revenue 274 Bil. Cents Mil. Cents 2.174 2.169 2.246 2.276 2.194 734 665 639 636 550 691 619 590 552 482 79,193 68,677 65,423 61,561 52,802 0.927 .970 .977 1.034 1.042 163.99 159.91 159.36 156.16 150.99 1885 1884. 1883. 200 351 334 312 289 9,134 8,779 8,541 7,688 2.199 2.356 2.422 2.447 509 502 539 485 551 437 399 400 360 49,152 44,725 44,065 39,302 1.057 1.124 1.224 1.236 143.59 133.58 125.86 128.81 Mil. Mil. dol. Mil. Not available. 1 72.5 Series Q 284-312. [Includes intercorporate duplications. 17.83 16.81 17.09 16.23 16.06 Number of operating railConroads 1 structed Tonmiles carried, 13 railroads 283 Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Bil. 1880. 1879. 1878. 1877. 1876- 147 142 124 125 136 467 386 365 347 361 14.48 13.07 10.68 8.75 8.74 1875. 1874. 1873. 1872. 1871. 139 140 137 132 108 363 379 389 340 294 7.84 7.73 7.48 6.42 5.57 Mil. dol. 1870. 1869... (NA) 300 1868... 1867.__ 1866... 1865... Bil. 4.92 4.22 3.44 3.03 2.62 2.16 million revenue tons were carried in 1870; 55.1 million in 1861. Railroad Mileage, Equipment, and Passenger Traffic and Revenue: 1890 to 1970 Unless otherwise noted, covers class I, II, and III railroads, except that prior to 1908 includes returns for switching and terminal companies where applicable] Equipment 6 Mileage 284 Freight service Freight service Mil. NA 789 5,783 8,123 389,357 70,764 11,304,660 709,826 452,595 63.8 12,522 11,965 11,191 10,570 9,660 206 188 173 987 16,645 22,577 2,167 634 140,769 77,301 520 494 451 428 382 1882. 1,236 25,547 34,382 3,637,669 221,429 12,666,568 1,016,719 727,795 71.6 272 259 251 240 211 1881. 1,260 30,438 41,066 4,596,563 282,461 70,309 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886 206 1890 12,174,592 927,774 694,460 74.9 275 Mil. dol. 1902 59,692 Passenger service Passenger miles 21,307 31,264 43,932 5,058,762 300,119 1907 6 7,955,981 Series Q 274-283. Passengers carried 21,200 1912 44,864 NA Not available. 1 Excludes data for 22 companies, operating on a part-year basis. Includes certain companies in Pennsylvania which maintained separate organizations, though controlled through stock ownership by other companies. For 1912, these companies were treated as merged and not included in the number reported. 3 Includes small mileage of track lying outside United States. 4 Number reported as of June 30 for 1890,1922,1927, and 1932; for 1902, average for ger revenue 1917 7,485,290 513,129 406,119 79.1 2 Year 1922 Track operated Abandoned Road owned 2 285 First main track Other main tracks 289 290 Yard tracks and sidings New cars delivered Road for domestic use operated, passenger service 4 Freight Total <• ger train train 4 292 Locomotives in service Steam Electric 7 Diesel Other 295 351 361 360 370 375 80 49 63 169 89 1,283 1,166 747 1,039 786 205,782 207,005 208,111 209,292 210,573 360,330 220,107 364,91f 222,164 366,238 222,924 368,030 224,039 370,104 226,528 28,682 29,564 30,002 30,387 30,906 111,541 113,187 113,312 113,604 113,670 49,533 56,484 59,259 67,827 73,173 66,185 69,028 56,232 83,096 90,104 302 240 65 146 113 29,122 29,090 29,448 29,874 30,124 372 380 395 395 397 59 24 23 41 34 963 882 777 1,353 930 211,384 212,059 214,387 215,090 216,445 370,636 372,300 374,522 376,290 379,415 226,015 226,753 227,282 227,851 229,369 81,118 31,535 32,153 32,719 33,853 113,508 114,012 115,087 115,720 116,193 76,993 81,796 84,928 86,302 88,854 77,822 69,330 44,960 36,554 31,720 666 399 156 304 214 *407 411 412 415 422 *21 14 50 49 74 *693 1,034 941 1,194 613 *217,652 217,565 218,399 219,067 220,221 *381,745 383,912 385,264 386,978 389,668 *230,169 230,930 231,494 232,177 233,509 93,816 •34,800 •116,776 35,746 117,236 100,243 36,448 117,322 107,131 37,123 117,678 112,724 37,908 118,251 115,951 67,047 37,819 42,760 99,590 67,080 (») (9) (») 67 76 270 278 307 324 347 28,773 28,711 29,031 29,428 29,644 79 101 110 30,061 30,296 30,506 30,701 30,889 89 93 112 136 210 365 402 438 441 484 29,552 29,745 29,898 30,057 30,123 56 56 58 67 72 251 *31,178 66 31,539 143 31,616 232 32,391 32,593 396 *374 871 1,488 2,608 3,918 *498 *30,240 517 30,097 562 29,515 597 29,137 616 28,001 *66 54 51 49 58 55 57 See footnotes at end of table. 727 Q 284-300 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 284-312. Railroad Mileage, Equipment, and Passenger Traffic and Revenue: 1890 to 1970—Con. Mileage Number of operating railConroads 1 structed 284 285 105 49 50 76 71 471 481 485 502 513 33 100 71 79 20 517 524 634 543 659 40 46 34 38 574 19 1 35 149 600 611 631 641 661 22 25 33 678 700 709 749 321 775 809 849 880 460 671 946 819 947 995 1,023 1,041 1,058 595 635 441 318 331 929 122 602 881 1,085 1,111 1,131 1,168 1,216 1,243 1,260 1.297 1,296 1.298 1,312 1,306 1,316 i,r~ 1,564 1,491 1,380 1,314 1,281 1,219 1,213 1,224 1,206 1,192 1,158 1,111 1,104 1,043 1,034 1,002 991 1,013 See footnotes at end of table. 728 Track operated Abandoned Road owned 2 Total s First main track 286 441 443 448 454 462 Equipment 5 New cars delivered Road for domestic use operatedt passenger Passenservice 4 Freight ger Total • train train 4 Other main tracks Yard tracks and sidings 290 291 292 119,745 124,572 128,943 132,908 139,178 294 502 220,670 390,965 694 221,098 392,580 666 221,758 393.736 965 222,508 394,631 456 223,427 395,831 233,955 234,342 234,959 235.545 236,476 38,825 39,620 39,794 39,977 40,157 118,185 118,718 118,983 119,109 119,198 755 223,779 620 224,511 529 225,149 709 225,806 381 226,438 236,857 237,564 237,756 238,209 239,069 40,456 40,639 40,845 40,954 41,015 119,067 146,468 43,991 119,029 156,821 92,562 118,602 160,140 112,640 118,192 161,115 68,522 117,953 161,407 41,955 551 226,696 398,054 239,438 705 227,335 398,437 240,215 1,149 227,999 398,730 240,745 2 , 8 8 6 229,174 399,627 241,737 1,695 231,971 403,625 244,263 41,106 41,178 41,093 41,137 41,166 117,510 117,044 116,892 116,753 118,196 1,284 233,670 405,975 1,697 235,064 408,350 1 , 6 2 1 236,842 411,324 1,642 238,539 414,572 1,577 240,104 416.381 245.740 246,922 248,474 250,582 251,542 41,373 41,445 41,689 41,579 41,731 118,862 1,974 241,822 419,228 1,784 243,867 422.401 245,703 425,664 1,370 247,595 428.402 779 248,829 429,823 252,930 254,882 256.741 258,869 259,999 429,883 429,054 427,750 424.737 421,341 396.380 397,232 397,203 397,355 398,037 37,545 35,696 81,021 77,833 95,993 886 349 386 117 179 964 933 891 Locomotives in service Steam Electric 7 296 33,533 35,033 37,251 39,697 42.473 6,266 9,041 12,274 16,737 22,590 Diesel 298 639 669 713 790 817 26,563 25,256 24,209 22,118 19,014 26,680 1,337 42,951 43,272 44.474 44,344 45,611 30,344 34,581 36,942 39,592 827 856 867 864 867 15,396 12,025 8,981 6,495 5,008 861 161,701 162,290 162,429 163,658 167,951 43,864 43,003 31,836 62,873 80,623 931 1,003 685 418 349 46,253 46,305 45,406 44,671 44,376 41,018 41,921 41,983 41,755 41,911 885 902 907 892 895 4,301 3,432 2,476 1,978 1,517 170,429 119.983 172,031 121,261 173,616 122,411 175,543 123,108 178,491 62,341 25,132 16,470 77,498 46,612 257 276 434 629 191 44,333 45,172 46,544 47,555 48,009 42,410 43,604 45,210 46,342 46,923 900 879 872 858 967 639 403 293 175 41,916 42,109 42,397 42,566 42,780 124,382 125,410 126,526 126,977 127,044 7,516 25,176 2,163 3,252 13,203 205 275 9 77 323 49,541 51,423 54,228 66,732 58,652 48,477 50,465 53,302 56,831 57,820 884 805 789 764 709 260,440 260,570 260.546 269,639 258,815 42,742 42,711 42,432 42,071 41,686 126,701 126,773 124,772 123,027 120,840 74,920 81,590 46,060 63,370 1,534 2,455 1,571 2,087 2,814 60,189 61,257 63,311 65,348 66,847 59,406 60,572 62,642 64,843 66,381 663 753 249,398 417,954 258,631 617 250,156 415,028 258,238 537 250,222 412,993 258,084 1,188 250,413 409,369 257,425 687 251,176 407,531 258,362 40,962 39,916 38,697 37,888 37,614 118,361 116,874 114,046 111,555 105,735 113,711 175,748 66,289 40,292 2,428 2,517 2,034 977 68,098 69,486 69,414 68,518 69,122 67,713 69,114 69,005 68,733 379 372 409 397 389 109,744 108,637 107,608 106,582 102.984 60,955 94,981 67,063 115,705 111,516 831 750 1,684 1,344 68,942 68,977 67,936 66,070 65,595 68,554 68,592 67,563 65,699 65,253 388 385 373 371 342 io 58,226 io 1,513 « 97,626 'o 3,589 "176,049 "2,654 "2,509 io 3,362 65,314 66,502 67,012 65,597 63,463 62,463 65,021 66,229 293 273 2,016 954 782 710 797 892 249,052 249,433 249,309 249,131 249,138 116,212 88,862 1,161 252,845 253,152 253,529 253,626 254,037 406,580 403,891 402,343 400,353 397,014 259,941 258,525 258,507 259,705 259,705 36,894 36,730 36,228 35,066 34,325 254,251 253,789 252,105 249,777 246,777 243,979 394,944 391.142 387,208 379,508 371,238 362,824 259,211 257,569 256,547 253,470 249,852 246,238 33,864 101,869 33,662 99,910 32,376 98,285 30,827 95,211 29,367 92,019 27,613 88,974 240,293 236,834 233,468 229,951 224,363 351,767 342.351 333,646 327,975 317,083 240,831 235,402 230,494 227,455 222,340 25,354 24,573 23,699 22,771 20,982 85,682 82,377 79,453 77,749 73,761 60,019 68,219 57.698 65,388 61,672 218,101 213,904 207,977 202,472 197,237 306,797 297,073 283,822 274,196 265.352 216,974 212,243 205,314 200,155 195,562 19,881 18,338 16,948 15,820 14,876 69,942 66,492 61,560 58,221 54,915 48,357 46,743 43,871 41,225 39,584 193,346 189,295 186,396 184,428 182,777 258,784 250.143 246,334 242,013 239,140 192,556 187,535 184,648 183,284 181,983 14,075 13,384 13,096 12,795 12,440 52,153 49,224 47,589 45,934 44,718 37,663 36,703 36,234 35,986 35,950 180,657 178,709 176,461 171,564 168,403 163,597 233,276 229,796 221,864 211,051 207,446 199,876 177,746 175,691 169,780 162,397 161,275 156,404 12,348 12,163 11,683 10,846 10,428 9,760 43,181 41,941 40,451 37,808 35,742 33,711 35.699 35,492 34,788 33,136 32.139 30.140 126 68,121 882 621 617 467 435 130 104 85 80 80 (9) 11 Other R A I L TRANSPORTATION Series Q 284-312. Railroad Mileage, Equipment, and Passenger Traffic and Revenue: 1890 to 1970—Con. Equipment 5—Con. Passenger-train cars in service Railroad only Q 301-312 Passenger traffic and revenue Class I railroads and Pullman Co. 1 1 Total Air conditioned 302 303 Passenger-miles Freight-train cars in service 12 Number Average capacity 8 304 305 Tons Passengers Revenue Total Commutation 4 Coach« Parlor and sleeping Total 1,000 Mil. Mil. Mil. Mil. $1,000 7,159 7,589 1,453,708 1,464,194 1,484,571 1,510,963 1,523,741 67.1 65.8 64.3 63 4 61.4 289,469 301.673 301,372 304,028 307,530 10,786 12,214 13.164 15,264 17,162 4,592 4,546 4,383 4,281 4,193 5,414 6,601 7,559 9,329 10,799 765 1,021 1,178 1,592 2,104 423,191 441,503 446,704 488,549 547,139 21,327 23,057 23,568 24,634 25,899 8,079 8,980 9,950 10,423 11,259 1,515,169 1,517,564 1,542,456 1,581,213 1,635,342 59.8 58.2 56.8 56.3 55.7 305,822 314,386 310,999 313,084 318,359 17,454 18,271 18,519 19,926 20,308 4,128 4,199 4,101 4,046 4,132 11,069 11,632 11,785 12.757 12,893 2,191 2,416 2,611 3,102 3,262 555.986 579,287 589,521 620,290 625,874 *25,746 27,419 28,999 29,564 30.817 •27,414 29,160 (NA) 32,231 (NA) *11,787 12,993 13,675 14,323 14,551 *1,690,396 1,708,116 1,755,775 1,777,557 1.738.631 *55.4 55.0 54.8 54.5 54.0 *327,172 353,647 381,623 412,625 429,994 *21,284 22,075 23,295 25,914 28,216 4,197 4,549 4,776 4,901 4,841 13,422 13,704 14,225 15,803 17,074 3,643 3,798 4,249 5,185 6,275 *641,496 652,316 676,316 736,408 757,625 32,118 33,035 34,106 34,942 36,326 35,455 37,768 39,532 41,011 42,406 14,784 15,733 16,231 16,320 16,502 1,723,747 1,761,386 1,801,874 1,783,352 1,777,878 53.7 53.7 53.5 53.2 52.9 433,308 440,770 458,252 470,979 485,468 28,548 29,310 31,679 34,033 34,640 4,776 4,753 4,757 4,755 4,866 17.314 17,687 18,955 19.758 19,524 6,441 6,850 7,950 9,504 10,226 743,688 767.987 842,663 906.838 901,019 37,359 38,006 39,406 39,057 38.697 43,372 43,578 44,447 44,841 45,637 16,747 16.008 15,249 14,628 13,967 1,745,778 1,778,811 1,785,067 1,759,758 1,768,400 52.6 62.4 51 .9 51.5 51.3 488,019 556,741 645,535 706,551 794,824 31,790 35,133 41,224 45,972 64,754 4,990 5,478 5,855 6,011 5,857 17,443 20,273 24.315 27,660 39,039 9,338 9,349 11,015 12,261 19,801 814,741 862,139 965,630 965,006 1,261,416 38,633 38,217 38,331 38,446 38,334 46,863 46,588 45,764 12,685 13,175 13,165 1,787,073 1,797,012 1,784,472 1,773,735 1,732,673 51.1 50.8 50.7 50.5 50.3 897,384 915,817 887.674 672,420 488,668 91,826 95,663 87,925 53,747 29,406 5,418 5,344 5,261 4,761 4,088 59,415 63,288 57.909 30.910 16,106 26,912 26,944 24,675 17,853 9,166 1,719,316 1,793,322 1.655.814 1,030,486 515,851 38,308 38,977 39,931 40.949 41,390 1,684,171 1,680,519 1,731,096 1,776,428 1,790,043 50.0 49.7 49.4 49.2 48.8 456,088 454,032 454.508 499,688 492,493 23,816 22,713 21,657 24,695 22,460 3,997 4,012 4,032 4,116 4,188 12,485 7,288 7,527 7,354 8,126 417,955 417,716 406,406 443,532 413,189 42,426 44,884 47,677 50.698 52,096 1,867,381 1,973,247 2.072.632 2,184,690 2,245,904 48.3 48.0 47.5 47.0 47.0 448,059 452,176 434,848 480,718 599,227 18,509 18,069 16,368 16,997 21,933 4,118 4,163 4,308 4,986 6,018 358,423 346,870 329,816 377,511 551,726 53,584 53,838 54,800 55,729 56,855 2,322,267 2,323,683 2,346,751 2,378,800 2,403,967 46.9 46.3 45.8 45.5 45.1 707,987 786,432 798,476 840,030 874,589 26,876 31.165 31,718 33,798 35,673 6,669 6,898 6,626 6,650 6,605 730,766 875,929 905,271 980,528 1,049,210 56,814 57,451 57,159 56,827 56.950 2,414,083 2,411,627 2,379,131 2,352,483 2,378,510 44.8 44.3 43.8 43.1 42 5 901,963 950,459 1,008,538 989.509 1,061,131 36,167 36,368 38,294 35,811 37,706 6,592 6,407 6,401 6,132 1,064,806 1,085,672 1,158,925 1,087,516 1,166,252 56,102 56,290 56,611 55,939 55,193 2,388,424 2,426,889 2,397,943 2,379,472 2,329,475 42.4 41.9 41.6 41.5 40.9 1,269,913 1,211,022 1,122,963 1,109,943 1,048,987 47,370 46,838 43,212 40,100 35,220 11,378 12,630 14.816 17,822 18,974 11,177 14,619 15,384 18,610 20,016 20,022 21,510 22,616 23,430 24,433 11,118 10,247 12,417 1.304.815 1,193,431 1,046,166 840,910 722,359 See footnotes at end of table. 729 Q 301-320 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 284-312. Railroad Mileage, Equipment, and Passenger Traffic and Revenue: 1890 to 1970—Con- Equipment •—Con. Year ending— Passenger-train cars in service, railroads only Passenger traffic and revenue—-Con. Freight-train cars in service 12 Number Passengers Average capacity 8 301 Total passengermiles Revenue Per passenger-mile Total Year ending- Passengertrain cars in service, railroads only 312 305 Tons %1,000 Mil. 1,000 Passenger traffic and revenue—Con. Freighttrain cars in service 12 Revenue Total passengermiles 301 Total Per passenger-mile $1,000 Cents 307 Cents 1,000 Mil. JUNE 3 0 JUNE 3 0 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 54,774 55,810 54,492 52,717 51,583 49,906 2,343,378 2,341,567 2,349,734 2,298,478 2,229,163 2,208,997 40.5 39.7 39.1 38.3 37.4 36.9 1,015,338 985,676 1,063,249 1,043,603 1,004,081 997,410 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 47,179 45,664 45,292 43,973 42,262 2,148,478 2,086,835 2,100,784 1,991,557 1,837,914 35.9 35.3 34.9 33.8 32.2 971,683 891,472 890,010 873,905 797,946 32,338 29,109 29,083 27,719 25,167 628,992 563,609 566,833 564,606 510,033 1.938 1.928 1.937 2.014 2.003 1905 1904 1903 40,713 1,731,409 39,752 1,692,194 38,140 1,653,782 30.8 30.1 29.4 738,835 715,420 694,892 23,800 21,923 20,916 472,695 444,327 421,705 1.962 2.006 2.006 34,309 689,627 32,475 646,475 35,357 703,484 34,673 u695,988 33,132 660,373 33,202 657,638 2.010 1.991 1.990 «2.008 1.987 1.974 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 1 Includes circular and unofficial. First track. Includes lessors, proprietary, unofficial and, through 1963, circular companies. 3 For railroads reporting track by class. Excludes circular and unofficial, figures for which cover road, first track only. 4 Class I railroads. 8 Includes switching and terminal companies. « For 1890-1927, number of locomotives; for 1928-1970, number of units, except for steam locomotives. (A unit is the least number of wheel bases together with super2 Series Q 313-320. [Tons are of 2,000 pounds. —Con. 1902. 1901- 36,987 35,969 1,546,101 1,464,328 649,879 607,278 19,690 17,354 392,963 351,356 1.986 2.013 1900. 1899. 1898. 1897. 1896. 34,713 33,850 33,595 33,626 33,003 1,365,531 1,295,510 1,248,826 1,221,730 1,221,887 576,831 523,177 501,067 489", 445 511,773 16,038 14,591 13,380 12,257 13,049 323,716 291,113 266,970 251,136 266,563 2.003 1.978 1,973 2.022 2.019 1895. 1894. 1893. 1892. 1891. 1890. 33,112 33,018 31,384 28,876 27,949 26,820 1,196,119 1,205,169 1,013,307 966,998 947,300 918,491 507,421 540,688 593,561 560,958 531,184 492,431 12,188 14,289 14,229 13,363 12,844 11,848 252,246 285,350 301,492 286,806 281,179 260,786 2.040 1.986 2.108 2.126 2.142 2.167 structure capable of independent propulsion, but not necessarily equipped with an independent control.) 7 For 1915-1922, identified as "other than steam," but all or almost all of the locomotives must be electric. 8 For 1916-1956, represents steam locomotives and freight cars of class I railroads excluding switching and terminal companies; for 1957-1967, includes all class I locomotives excluding switching and terminal companies. 8 Included with "Other." 10 Calendar-year data. n Beginning 1969, excludes Pullman Co. >2 Excludes caboose cars. 13 Class I and II railroads. Railroad Passenger and Freight Operations: 1890 to 1970 Class I, II, and III railroads except as follows: Series Q 313, class I beginning 1911; series Q 314, class I beginning 1933; and series Q 315, Q 319, Q 320, class I for all years] Passenger service Year ending- Equipment 5 —Con. Revenue passenger-miles per— Freight service Carmile Trainmile Trainmiles per trainhour 313 314 315 Revenue ton-miles per— Loaded carmile 1 Trainmile Mile of road 316 317 318 Passenger service Trainmiles per trainhour 319 Carmiles Year per ending— carday 320 Revenue passenger-miles per— Freight service Carmile Trainmile Trainmiles per trainhour 313 314 315 Revenue ton-miles per—• Loaded carmile 1 Trainmile Mile of road 317 318 Trainmiles per trainhour Carmiles per carday 319 320 31 —Con. DEC. DEC. 3 1 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 25.8 24.7 22.4 20.7 20.2 116.2 113.6 107.0 101.5 104.1 40.1 41.0 41.0 41.7 41.3 44.32 42.75 41.77 41.24 40.34 1,774.14 1,754.54 1,714.88 1,693.38 1,669.77 3,468,168 3,456,667 3,385,901 3,237,648 3,312,186 20.1 20.1 20.4 20.3 20.3 51.8 52.6 51.3 49.1 50.6 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961.. 19.5 20.3 19.6 20.0 19.8 100.9 99.4 97.3 102.6 101.5 41.3 41.4 40.9 40.9 40.9 39.02 37.63 36.27 34.87 33.80 1,638.44 1,572.60 1,537.72 1,490.70 1,441.87 3,120,778 2,917,502 2,750,078 2,612,129 2,460,997 20.1 20.2 20.1 20.0 19.9 49.0 47.2 44.6 42.8 40.6 1960. 19591958. 1957. 1956. 19.3 18.9 18.6 18.1 18.1 100.9 97.6 94.0 93.9 96.9 40.7 40.3 40.2 40.2 40.0 •33.11 32.32 32.10 32.42 31.98 •1,399.31 1,374.99 1,362.05 1,369.56 1,347.21 •2,496,638 2,505,800 2,394,040 2,676,573 2,789,340 19.5 19.5 19.2 18.8 18.6 40.9 41.2 39.6 43.7 45.0 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. 17.8 17.4 17.7 18.1 18.1 95.2 92.0 94.8 98.4 97.2 39.8 39.5 39.1 38.3 37.7 30.94 30.27 30.66 31.02 31.38 1,296.86 1,216.54 1,219.03 1,210.90 1,211.06 2,679,482 2,356,646 2,592,188 2,622,463 2,748,700 18.6 18.7 18.2 17.6 17.0 45.7 41.2 44.3 44.0 45.0 1950. 1949. 19481947. 1946. 17.0 18.0 19.4 21.1 24.7 88.5 92.0 100.8 110.2 143.7 37.4 37.0 36.7 36.1 35.1 29.97 29.48 30.90 30.61 29.25 1,131.47 1,044.83 1,080.30 1,052.43 992.95 2,496,927 2,229,430 2,695,708 2,752,915 2,488,499 16.8 16.9 16.2 16.0 16.0 43.6 40.3 45.1 46.9 43.5 1945. 1944. 1943. 1942. 1941. 30.4 32.2 31.7 23.7 16.0 189.7 199.8 188.6 124.9 72.7 34.7 34.8 34.7 35.7 36.1 30.18 1,034.49 2,852,615 30.62 1,045.67 3,084,195 31.36 1,027.64 3,032,199 29.76 947.87 2,638,067 26.28 827.48 1,950,166 15.7 15.7 15.4 15.8 16.5 47.7 50.6 49.7 47.4 41.6 See footnotes at end of table. 730 1940... 1939... 1938.__ 1937... 1936— 14.0 13.5 13.1 14.0 13.6 60.3 57.6 54.5 59.0 55.4 1935... 1934... 1933... 1932... 1931... 11.2 10.9 10.2 9.8 10.5 1930... 1929— 1928... 1927... 1926— 25.40 24.59 23.80 24.68 24.32 764.30 727.45 676.57 708.35 687.49 1,525,579 1,355,052 1,171,637 1,446,921 1,353,406 16.7 16.7 16.6 16.1 15.8 35.6 32.3 28.5 32.9 30.7 47.5 46.7 42.5 39.9 44.7 23.49 23.19 23.26 22.56 23.44 646.17 1,119,290 623.62 1,058,609 619.13 972,262 585.49 908,296 652.87 1,196,960 16.0 15.9 15.7 15.5 14.8 25.8 24.2 21.3 19.8 24.5 11.3 12.5 12.9 13.5 14.2 48.9 54.4 55.1 57.9 60.4 24.28 24.52 24.31 24.60 24.96 699.27 713.03 705.86 689.68 688.56 1,481,199 1,727,786 1,677,089 1,668,800 1,732,295 13.8 13.2 12.9 12.3 11.9 28.7 32.3 31.2 30.3 30.4 1926... 1924... 1923— 1922— 1921— 14.8 15.3 16.3 15.9 16.4 61.5 62.1 65.9 64.6 66.4 24.55 24.47 25.18 24.31 24.60 662.53 634.43 632.32 599.12 566.74 1,613,862 1,518,556 1,615,741 1,330,460 1,199,328 11.8 11.5 10.9 11.1 11.5 28.5 26.8 27.8 23.5 22.4 1920— 1919— 1918— 1917— 1916— 19.8 20.5 19.9 17.2 15.5 82.4 84.7 79.4 67.6 59.2 26.71 25.44 26.96 24.75 22.83 639.03 622.51 620.68 588.29 552.26 1,597,133 1,423,390 1,582,796 1,538,211 1,409,957 10.3 35.8 35.4 34.7 34.5 34.0 RAIL TRANSPORTATION Series Q 313-320. Q 330-397 Railroad Passenger and Freight Operations: 1890 to 1970- -Con. [Tons are of 2,000 pounds] Freight service, revenue ton-miles per- Passenger service, revenue passenger-miles per— Year ending— Car-mile Train-mile Loaded car-mile 1 313 314 316 Train-mile Year ending- Mile of road 318 1905 _ 1904. 1903. 1902. 1901. 270.86 243.52 226.45 19.74 204.62 198.81 735,362 659,565 617,810 519,079 523,832 58.9 67.5 57.5 54.5 62.5 19.84 19.26 19.62 19.68 18.92 380.38 362.57 351.80 357.35 344.39 1,071,086 953,986 974,654 1,052,119 982,401 1895 1894 1893 1892 1891 38.3 43.7 42.4 42.0 41.7 189.69 179.80 183.97 181.89 181.67 479,490 457,252 551,232 543,365 502,706 51.7 49.8 49.2 48.5 45.1 18.14 17.72 17.60 16.92 16.55 322.26 307.76 310.54 296.47 281.26 861,396 829,476 855,442 793,361 760,414 1890 41.4 175.12 487,245 20.18 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 'This average was obtained by dividing the revenue ton-miles by the total loaded car-miles, the latter item including some cars loaded with nonrevenue freight. The method is necessary to preserve comparability with figures for the earlier years; they Series Q 321-328. Road owned 1 Equipment 2 All track (Dec. 3 1 ) 322 Total 324 1,000 31.8 30.6 29.1 27.3 163,359 169,934 164,222 147,953 133,565 208,152 128,320 125,345 121,422 114,677 103,108 127,689 125,119 120,519 114,428 103,530 160,506 156,414 149,101 140,878 130,465 25.7 24.4 23.4 21.9 19.9 1879. 1878. 1877. 1876. 93,262 86,556 81,747 79,082 76,808 92,147 84,393 80,832 79,208 76,306 115,647 104,756 103,649 97,308 94,665 17.9 17.1 16.4 16.9 16.6 1875. 1874. 1873. 1872. 1871. 74,096 72,385 70,268 66,171 60,301 74,096 72,623 70,651 57,323 51,456 1881. 1880. Revenue cars Locomotives 166,703 161,276 156,114 149,214 136,338 1884. 1883. 1882. differ slightly from the average "net tons per loaded car" shown in the regular monthly statements. Freight and Passenger Service Operating Statistics, based on revenue and nonrevenue ton-miles and car-miles. 2 Class I and II railroads. Railroad Mileage and Equipment: 1830 to 1890 Mileage Road operated (Dec. 3 1 ) —Con. 44.2 41.2 39.1 36.6 39.2 15.7 15.4 15.5 1886. 318 1900 1899 1898 1897 1896 1910. 1909. 1908. 1907. 1906. 1886. 317 JUNE 3 0 22.39 21.14 21.09 221.12 1887. Mile of road 1,325,089 1,075,962 1,125,084 1,190,397 1,078,580 1,053,566 58.2 56.0 58.4 58.5 56.5 67.9 1888. Train-mile 636.67 476.13 446.96 2 445.43 406.76 383.10 15.3 15.0 15.4 15.4 15.1 15.6 1890. 1889. Freight service, revenue ton-miles per— 314 JUNE 3 0 1916. 19151914. 1913. 1912. 1911. Year Passenger service, revenue passengermiles per train-mile 202,088 191,376 184,935 167,952 26.1 1,000 1,091 1,081 1,032 977 871 821 801 Passenger Freight Baggage, mail, express 326 327 328 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,062 21.7 21.5 1,051 1,005 951 846 20.2 19.3 18.4 806 16.5 16.6 16.2 751 667 14.9 13.9 657 497 439 408 340 12.8 12.0 11.7 12.1 » 14.6 Year Year 1870. 1869. 6.6 6.3 1867. 1866. 1868. Miles of road operated (Dec. 3 1 ) 321 321 7.3 7.1 6.8 Miles of road operated (Dec. 3 1 ) 52,922 46,844 42,229 39,060 36,801 1850 1849 1848 1847 1846 9,021 7,365 6,996 5,598 4,930 1846 1844 1843 1842. 1841. 4,633 4,377 4,185 4,026 3,535 798 779 730 648 6.0 6.9 5.8 5.6 5.0 1866. 1862. 1861. 35,085 33,908 33,170 32,120 31,286 539 480 423 392 385 4.8 4.5 4.4 3.9 1860. 1859. 1858. 1857. 1866. 30,626 28,789 26,968 24,503 22,076 1840 1839 1838 1837 1836 2,818 1865. 1854. 1853. 1852. 1851. 18,374 16,720 15,360 12,908 10,982 1835 1834 1833 1832 1831 1,098 633 380 229 95 1864. 1863. 2,302 1,913 1,497 1,273 1830. 1 2 Prior to 1882, includes elevated railways. Prior to 1881, includes elevated railways. 1 Includes baggage, mail, and express. 731 Q 329-345 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 329. Miles of Railroad Built: 1830 to 1925 Miles Miles Year 329 Year Miles 329 644 579 427 324 475 1915 1914 1913. 1912. 1911. 1,532 3,071 2,997 3,066 314 686 721 979 1,098 1910. 1909. 1908. 1907. 1906. 4,122 3,748 3,214 5,212 5,623 Miles Year 329 329 1905. 1904. 1903. 1902. 1901. 4,388 3,832 5,652 6,026 5,368 1900. 1899. 1898. 1897. 1896. 1895. 4,894 4,569 3,265 2,109 1,692 1,420 Series Q 330. 1894... 1893... 1,760 3,024 1879... 1878... 1877... 1876... 5,006 2,428 2,280 2,575 1875... 1874... 1873... 1872... 1,606 2,584 5,217 7,439 Year ending— Miles 330 31Con. 329 1871.. 1870— 1869.. 1867— 1866.. 6,660 5,658 4,103 2,468 2,541 1,404 1865.. 1864.. 1863.. 1862.. 1861.. 819 947 574 720 1,016 1868— Miles Year Year Miles 329 1860 1859 1858 1857 1856 1,500 1,707 1,966 2,077 1,471 1850 1849 1848 1847 1846 1,261 1,048 1,056 263 1840... 1839... 1838—. 1837-. 1836... 491 386 453 348 280 1855 1854 1853 1852 1851 2,453 3,442 2,170 2,288 1,274 1845 1844 1843 1842 1841 277 180 288 505 606 1835... 1834... 1833... 1832 1831... 1830... 138 214 116 191 99 40 Miles Year ending- Year ending- 330 31Con. DEC. 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. l l , 685 11,608 12,054 11,942 12,212 1940. 1939. 1938. 1937. 1936. 75,270 77,013 76,938 70,884 69,712 1,690 1,732 1,748 2,113 2,365 1950. 1949. 19481947. 1946. 12,223 12,679 13,283 22,750 34,389 1935. 1934. 1933. 1932. 1931. 68,345 42,168 41,698 22,545 12,970 1,259 1,097 1,040 1,022 1,594 1945. 1944. 1943. 1942. 39,714 50,497 64,758 66,904 69,859 1930. 1929. 1928. 9,486 5,703 5,256 Miles Year ending— 330 JUNE 3 0 DEC. 23,190 649 650 2,476 1,612 mi- Miles Year Class I, II, and III railroads] Miles Year ending- 330 DEC. 31— Con. Miles Miles of Railroad Operated by Receivers or Trustees: 1894 to 1970 [As of end of year. Miles Year 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 16,752 17,632 18,687 8,105 12,623 15,259 13,512 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 16,290 16,590 19,208 17,376 34,804 JUNE 3 0 — Con. 1916. 1915. 1914. 1913. 1912. 1911 37,353 30,223 18,608 16,286 9,786 4,593 1910. 1909. 1908. 1907. 1906. 6,257 10,530 9,629 3,926 3,971 1906 1904 1903 1902 1901 1900 1899 1898 1897 1896 1895 1894 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. Series Q 331-345. Railroad Freight Traffic and Revenue: 1890 to 1970 [In tons of 2,000 pounds] Freight and revenue (class I, II, and I I I railroads) Revenue freight originated (class I railroads) In carloads Year ending— All tonnage Total Products of agriculture Animals and products Products of mines Products of forests Manufactures and misc. 1 Less than carload Revenue tons originated Tonmiles Haul per ton2 Depreciation and retirements Revenue Total Per ton2 Per tonmile 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Mil. Mil. Miles $1,000 Mil. dol. Dol. Cents 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1,484,919 1,473,467 1,431,308 1,407,628 1,448,901 1,484,110 1,472,620 1,430,441 1,406,668 1,447,852 1965 196 4 1963 1962 1961 1,387,423 1,351,612 1,285,061 1,233,597 1,193,740 1,386,090 l,3f3,117 1,283,382 "~160~589 1,231,415 155,301 1,191,154 153,819 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1,240,789 1,232,201 1,190,353 1,380,327 1,447,422 1,237,675 1,228,277 1,185,951 1,374,884 1,440,937 150,350 145,531 146,746 137,618 138,093 9,463 9,994 9,895 11,074 13,198 196 5 1954 1953 1952 1951 1,396,339 1,223,969 1,384,301 1,382,604 1,477,402 1,389,346 1,217,005 1,376,046 1,373,294 1,467,023 133,789 131,733 131,137 138,415 140,811 13,161 13,128 13,768 14,601 14,362 DEC. 31 See footnotes at end of table. 732 809 837 867 960 1,049 1,572 1,558 1,515 1,498 1,544 771,012 773.830 750,468 727,075 746,699 490.41 496.82 495.37 486.21 483.70 812,684 788,837 775,356 765,768 744,800 11,124 10,538 9,942 9,329 9,487 7.08 6.77 6.56 6.23 6.15 1.443 1.362 1.325 1.283 1.271 78^319 ~"372~635 78,105 353,809 74,924 337,424 1,333 1,496 1,679 2,183 2,586 1,479 1,420 1,347 1,294 1,253 705,705 662,089 625,170 595,774 566,296 477.15 466.17 463.97 460.57 452.00 714,052 685,785 676,584 660,586 652,271 9,037 8,576 8,271 8,115 7,859 6.11 6.04 6.14 6.27 6.27 1.281 1.295 1.323 1.362 1.388 649,228 632,870 628,911 769,675 796,480 79,211 80,397 73,287 77,497 87,799 349,323 359,485 327,112 379,020 405,367 3,213 3,923 4,402 5,443 6,485 •1,801 1,293 1,247 1,449 1,521 •576,360 578,637 554,634 621,907 651,188 •442.14 447.66 444.55 429.20 428.08 634,778 625,888 618,062 596,355 669,606 •8,152 8,442 8,193 9,064 9,089 •6.26 6.53 6.57 6.26 5.97 •1.417 1.459 1.477 1.457 1.396 761,993 650,074 754,292 752,699 819,373 82,584 75,650 82,107 83,480 86,522 397,819 346,420 394,742 384,097 405,955 6,993 6,964 8,255 9,310 10,379 1,459 1,279 1,448 1,447 1,547 626,893 552,197 608,954 617,942 649.831 429.75 431.65 420.66 426.93 419.99 554,597 547,267 534,457 513,059 485,160 8,665 7,915 9,078 8,915 8,758 5.94 6.19 6.27 6.16 5.66 1.382 1.433 1.491 1.443 1.348 9~378 ~~662~46l 9,452 634,747 9,341 615,646 RAIL TRANSPORTATION Series Q 331-345. Q 330-397 Railroad Freight Traffic and Revenue: 1890 to 1970—Con. [In tons of 2,000 pounds] Revenue freight originated (class I railroads) Freight and revenue (class I, II, and III railroads) In carloads All tonnage Total Products of agriculture Animals and products 332 1,000 1,000 Products of mines Products of forests 335 1,000 1,000 1,000 Manufactures and 337 1,000 Less than carload Revenuetons originated Tonmiles Haul per Deprecia' tion and retirements 338 339 340 341 342 Mil. Mil. Miles 1,000 Revenue Total Per tons 343 344 91,000 Mil. dol. Dol. 1.354.196 1,343,308 1,226,503 1,213,911 1,506,878 1,488,612 1,537,546 1,514,985 1,366,617 1,342,230 129.175 140,383 145.176 158,168 149,941 14,321 15,284 16,865 19,716 21,587 746,808 653,759 845,640 847,807 717,806 78,860 69,267 86,104 87,027 84,817 374,144 335,228 394,827 402,267 368,079 10,888 12,592 18,266 22,661 24,387 1,421 1,284 1,580 1,613 1,432 591,550 529,111 641,104 657,878 594,943 416.32 412.02 405.64 407.82 415.48 466,589 441,658 409,310 385,763 365,902 7,934 7,151 8,090 7,141 5,866 6.58 5.57 5.12 4.43 4.10 1,424,913 1,404,080 1,491,491 1,471,366 1,481,225 1,462,314 1,421,187 1,403,612 1,227,650 1,209,559 159,571 145,685 148,971 117,318 100,173 23,748 25,413 22,936 20,620 16,810 732,942 785,265 797,163 804,577 684,433 76,604 83,731 80,899 84,570 71,640 412,215 431,272 412,345 376,527 336,603 20,833 20,125 18,911 17,575 18,091 1,493 1,565 1,557 1,498 1,296 684,148 740,586 730,132 640,992 477,576 458.14 1,186,844 473.28 540,461 469.07 465,525 338,181 427.76 368.54 233,340 6,617 7,087 6,866 6,026 4,510 4.43 4.53 4.41 4.02 3.48 1,009,421 901,669 771,862 1,015,586 958,830 994,728 886,794 757,470 998,398 942,538 88,821 91,564 95,390 89,460 86,648 15,456 15,049 14,760 15,233 16,209 570,220 496,939 408,835 569,745 541,488 58,221 50,156 43,973 58,658 53,156 262,010 233,086 194,512 265,302 245,037 14,693 14,875 14,392 17,188 16,292 1,069 955 820 1,075 1,012 375,369 335,375 291,866 362.815 341,182 351.13 351.21 356.05 337.43 337.29 205,860 201,852 201,826 197,035 193,502 3,584 3,297 2,901 3,428 3,357 3.35 3.45 3.54 3.19 3.32 789,627 765,296 698,943 646,223 894,186 775,588 750,951 684,592 630,989 871,412 76,338 79,305 81,702 80,917 97,487 15,125 20,363 17,651 18,055 21,632 445,136 436,380 395,065 362,226 501,903 42,483 35,660 33,165 26,109 43,024 196,506 179,253 157,009 143,682 207,366 14,039 14,345 14,361 15,234 22,774 832 802 733 679 945 283,637 270,292 250,651 235,309 311,073 341.05 336.91 341.77 346.63 329.23 194,625 192,387 199,917 209,111 221,611 2,831 2,672 2,529 2,485 3,302 3.40 3.33 3.45 3.66 3.50 1.153.197 1,123,530 1,339,091 1,303,048 1,285,943 1,248,989 1 , 2 8 1 , 6 1 1 1,243,171 1,336,142 1,296,651 110,728 115,343 118,022 113,342 111,787 23,129 24,907 25,634 26,003 26,244 642,537 737,879 696,583 713,402 757,703 69,371 94,855 96,737 99,351 104,851 277,765 330,064 312,013 291,073 296,066 29,667 36,043 36,954 38,440 39,491 1,220 1,419 1,371 1,373 1,440 385.816 450,189 436,087 432,014 447,444 316.21 317.17 318.00 314.75 310.81 243,263 259,375 241,719 239,184 231,497 4,145 4,899 4,772 4,729 4,906 3.40 3.45 3.48 3.45 3.41 1,247,242 1,206,655 1,187,296 1,146,747 1,279,030 1,234,692 980,516 1,023,745 898,191 940,183 109,313 116,587 109,318 111,787 114,069 26,324 27,747 28,254 26,230 24,263 678,336 637,582 713,735 532,998 511,271 107,391 108,094 115,618 89,059 76,419 285,291 256,737 267,767 220,442 172,169 40,587 40,549 44,338 43,229 41,992 1,351 1,287 1,388 1,112 1,018 417,418 391,945 416,256 342,188 309,533 308.93 304.44 299.94 307.77 304.11 223,925 208,064 205,070 169,808 155,968 4,648 4,437 4,712 4,086 4,004 3.44 3.46 3.40 3.67 3.93 •1,202,219 •1,045,148 1,209,957 1,210,247 •1,150,456 110,840 115,033 116,051 104,629 113,635 26,595 35,494 35,777 31,858 30,473 712,155 589,951 734,796 732,653 680,123 100,765 94,076 97,256 100,838 93,819 251,864 210,256 226,077 240,269 231,039 63,202 51,301 53,387 53,769 52,911 1,363 1,190 1,377 1,382 1,317 413,699 367,161 408,778 398,263 366,173 303.52 308.60 296.89 288.18 277.98 4,421 3,626 3,522 2,897 2,631 3.24 3.05 2.56 2.10 2.00 >925,697 •878,761 1,023,131 •982,892 1,067,978 >1,026,817 3 889,999 3 926,990 •901,573 •866,398 109,483 98,825 102,658 86,433 81,780 26,001 26,352 25,669 24,064 22,833 507,250 574,000 592,164 506,306 483,861 76,674 91,094 93,762 74,796 79,345 157,085 177,950 196,947 166,134 163,380 46,936 40,239 41,161 36,991 35,175 1,263 1,024 1,130 1,183 1,031 1,003 343,477 277,135 288,637 301,730 264,081 253,784 271.98 270.69 255.43 255.15 256.87 264.10 2,469 2,038 2,127 2,199 1,969 1,926 1.96 1.99 1.88 41.92 1.91 1.92 1,026 881 870 977 896 255,017 218,803 218,382 236,601 215,878 249.68 251.10 253.94 242.05 240.89 1,926 1,678 1,655 1,824 1,640 1.88 1.90 1.90 1.87 1.83 785 714 715 658 584 186,463 174,522 173,221 157,289 147.077 237.56 244.30 242.35 239.10 251.98 1,451 1,379 1,338 1,207 1,119 583 502 141,597 123,667 114.078 95,139 95,328 242.73 246.58 1,049 914 877 773 787 1,255,421 1,096,449 1,263,344 1,264,016 3 1,203,367 85,228 80,335 93,588 88,241 81,074 76,207 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. > Includes forwarder traffic beginning 1939. 1 United States as a system, i.e., ton-miles or revenue of connecting roads is included in the numerator, but only tonnage originated in the denominator. 4 1.85 1. 1.87 1.84 1.92 1.80 1.82 730 699 829 799 737 714 •Includes the following amounts of unaBsigned carload tonnage (thousands): 1911, 35,199; 1912, 32,266; 1913, 15,617; 1914, 14,671; 1915, 2,268; 1916, 1,367; and 1919, 338. 4 Class I and II railroads. 733 Q 346-366 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 346-355. Railroad Property Investment, Capital, Income, and Expenses: 1850 to 1890 [In millions of dollars] Property investment and capital Investment in railroad and equipment Year 346 Income and expenses Stock, mortgage bonds, equipment, obligations, etc. Total Capital stock Bonded debt Interest and dividends Stock paying dividends Total traffic earnings Operating expenses Net earnings Dividends paid Interest paid on funded debt 350 351 352 353 354 355 347 EXCLUDING ELEVATED RAILWAYS 1890. 1889. 1888. 1887. 1886. 10,020 9,576 9,281 8,695 8,089 4,590 4,447 4,392 4,146 3,956 5,055 4,784 4,585 4,155 3,853 1,086 991 950 931 822 1885. 1884. 1883. 1882. 7,776 7,617 7,423 6,960 3,778 3,726 3,675 3,478 3,740 3,647 3,479 3,214 765 763 807 524 498 342 317 297 331 297 83 79 78 90 80 224 216 205 202 182 266 266 291 77 93 101 179 167 '171 INCLUDING ELEVATED RAILWAYS 1890. 1889. 1888. 1887. 1886. 8,789 8,598 8,344 7,799 7,254 10,122 9,680 9,369 8,673 8,163 4,640 4,495 4,438 4,191 3,999 6,105 4,828 4,624 4,186 3,882 1,721 1,790 1,769 1,805 1,675 1,097 1,002 960 940 829 346 322 301 334 300 85 81 80 91 81 218 207 203 189 1885. 1884. 1883. 1882. 1881. 7,037 6,924 6,684 6,036 5,577 7,842 7,676 7,477 7,016 6,278 3,817 3,762 3,708 3,611 3,177 3,765 8,669 3,500 3,235 2,878 1,304 1,658 1,713 1,673 (NA) 772 777 823 770 701 269 270 298 280 272 77 94 102 102 93 187 178 173 150 128 1880. 1879. 1878. 1877. 1876. 4,653 4,416 4,166 4,180 4,086 6,402 4,872 4,772 4,806 >4,468 2,708 2,396 2,292 2,313 2,248 2,530 2,319 2,297 2,255 2,165 (NA) (NA) (NA) 937 613 525 490 472 497 302 301 310 255 216 187 170 186 77 61 53 58 68 107 112 103 98 93 1875. 1874. 1873. 1872. 1871- 4,658 4,221 3,784 3,159 2,664 2,198 1,990 1,947 1,647 1,481 3 2,459 3 2,230 3 1,836 «1,511 (NA) 503 520 626 465 403 (NA) 330 342 (NA) (NA) 185 189 183 165 141 74 67 67 64 56 1870. 1869. 1868. 18671863. 2,476 2,041 1,869 1,172 (NA) (NA) (NA) NA) 756 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 416 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 334 190 (NA) (NA) (NA) 228 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 105 1861. 1860. 1855. 1861. 1850. (NA) 1,149 763 (NA) 318 (NA) (NA) 424 (NA) (NA) 299 130 (NA) 84 (NA) (NA) NA Not available. 1 Includes other interest. 42 2 Sum of capital stock, bonded debt, and $55 million Pacific R.R., U.S. subsidiary bonds. 3 Includes other debt. Series Q 356-366. [In millions of dollars. Railroad Property Investment, Capital, and Capital Expenditures: 1890 to 1970 Includes intercorporate duplications. Figures subject to general exception that, prior to 1908, the returns for switching and terminal companies were included where applicable. Capital expenditure represents total money outlay without deductions for property retired] Property investment and capital (class I, II, III railroads and their lessors) Year ending— (NA) (NA) (NA) Road and equipment Investment, Depreciation book value 1 reserve2 356 357 Railroad capital outstanding3 Total Common stock Preferred stock Funded debt unmatured 358 359 360 361 Capital expenditures for additions and betterments (class I railroads) Net capitalization Stock paying dividends Total 362 363 364 Equipment 365 Roadway and structures 366 DECEMBER 3 1 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 37,918 37,383 36,720 37,250 36,618 9,929 9,688 9,450 9,664 9,479 14,339 14,701 14,577 14,690 14,800 6,605 5,758 5,754 6,828 5,639 718 814 821 889 1,091 8,016 8,129 8,002 7,973 8,070 1965 19641963 1962 1961 35,489 34,868 34,519 34,361 35,541 9,341 9,266 9,143 8,982 8,792 14,857 14,876 15,011 15,013 15,179 6,580 6,637 5,692 5,637 6,526 1,116 1,164 1,189 1,201 1,212 8,161 8,175 8,230 8,275 8,441 See footnotes at end of table. 734 12~840~ 12,968 13,184 3,594 4,347 4,629 4,727 4,709 1,350 1,509 1,186 1,522 1,952 993 1,088 818 1,148 1,654 367 420 368 374 398 4,845 4,926 4,462 4,286 4,361 1,630 1,417 1,043 832 646 1,303 1,139 784 593 427 327 277 258 239 219 Q 330-397 RAIL TRANSPORTATION Series Q 35&-366. Railroad Property Investment, Capital, and Capital Expenditures: 1890 to 1970—Con. [In millions of dollars] Capital expenditures for additions and betterments (class I railroads) Property investment and capital (class I, II, III railroads and their lessors) Railroad capital outstanding 3 Road and equipment Investment, Depreciation book value 1 Total Common stock Preferred stock Funded debt unmatured 358 359 360 361 Net capitalization Stock paying dividends Total 362 363 364 Equipment 365 1,954 1,977 8,731 8,886 9,094 9,115 9,093 8,771 8,744 8,767 8,870 9,008 14,150 14,287 14,529 14,682 15,285 15,171 15,336 15,365 15,487 15,489 5.617 5,750 5,290 6.465 6,785 7,300 6.618 7,252 6,734 6.700 919 818 738 1,394 1,227 909 820 1,259 1,340 1,413 633 567 479 1,007 821 568 498 857 935 1,050 7,207 7.234 7,250 7,250 7,448 7,442 7,464 7,517 7,565 7,546 1,977 1,988 1,992 1,975 1,961 1,981 1,984 1,912 1,935 1,953 9,090 9,121 9,007 8,825 9,040 9,258 9,955 10,485 10,971 11,209 15,618 15,609 15,467 15,301 15,309 15,667 16,276 16,755 17,315 17,568 6,768 5,924 6,446 5,184 5,221 5,383 5,523 5.466 5,355 3,861 1,065 312 273 864 561 562 560 454 534 543 779 981 917 565 319 314 328 255 349 367 21,047 23,609 23,855 24,123 24,003 22,080 24,570 24,723 24,837 24.344 7,734 8,025 8,040 8,064 7.993 7,907 7.994 8,057 8,067 8,031 2,036 2,050 2.049 2.050 2,036 2,018 2,044 2,042 2,047 2,049 11,277 13,534 13,766 14,009 13,974 12,155 14,532 14,624 14,723 14,264 17,630 17,698 17,988 18,319 18,336 18,342 18,653 18,831 18,894 18,941 3,741 3,190 3,139 3,890 3,594 3,412 3,411 3,119 3,298 7,325 429 262 226 509 298 188 212 103 167 361 271 133 115 322 159 79 92 15 36 73 21,372 20,580 20,329 2,360 2,169 2,043 1,946 1,811 1,681 1,549 1,408 1,335 1,237 22,783 23,983 23,747 23,614 23,677 21,734 23,636 22,839 22,290 22,292 7,953 7,853 7,809 7,683 7,560 7,492 7,539 7,398 7,307 7,275 2,059 2,065 2,034 1,980 1,925 1,921 1,935 1,852 1,834 1,801 12,771 14,065 13,904 13,951 14,192 12,321 14,162 13,589 13,149 13,216 19,066 18,680 18,511 18,137 18,234 18,191 18,202 17,810 17,280 17,083 7,702 7,506 7,159 6.701 6,473 6,278 6,042 5,646 5,321 5,059 872 853 676 771 885 748 874 1,059 429 557 328 321 224 288 371 338 493 681 245 319 19,849 19,300 18,984 18,574 17,842 1,081 1,009 936 796 628 20,098 20,950 20,785 21,249 21,049 6,958 7,193 7,249 7,454 7,594 1,885 1,898 1,806 1,848 1,455 11,255 11,859 11,730 11,947 12,000 16,994 16,550 16,454 16,402 16,333 5,075 5,298 5,138 5,610 5,430 17,689 17,441 17,153 16,588 16,004 15,612 571 511 435 « 327 « 259 « 210 420,247 4 19,796 4 7,304 47,232 41,376 41,379 1,374 1,396 12,033 11,085 11,567 11,185 11,130 10,738 16,336 16,308 • 15,759 4 15,366 15,126 15,044 5,279 5,219 5.667 5,780 5,581 5,730 «14,557 13,609 13,213 13,030 12,420 11,951 11,511 10,973 10,658 10,405 18,417 17,488 16,768 16,082 14,570 13,805 13,213 12,600 12,134 6,710 11, 688 5,911 5,933 5,403 5,181 5,051 4,877 4,722 4,475 1,403 1,468 1,463 1,424 1,401 1,373 1,289 1,279 1,302 1,331 10,304 9,802 9,394 8,725 7,766 7,251 6,873 6,444 6,110 5,882 14,376 13,914 12,834 (NA) 11,672 11,167 10,712 10,282 9,926 9,483 5,412 4,920 4,843 4,948 4,526 4,119 3,643 3,450 3,337 2,977 10,263 9,961 9,760 9,709 9,500 9.203 9; 073 8,937 »8,690 1 8,444 »8,133 11,491 11,034 10,819 10,635 10,567 10,347 10,191 9,895 9,686 9,291 8,984 4,522 4,323 4,269 4,367 4,257 4,202 4,104 3,982 3,979 3,796 3,803 1,323 1,192 1,119 998 970 760 730 687 654 655 606 5,646 5,519 5,431 5,270 5,340 5,385 5,357 5,226 5,053 4,840 4,575 9,548 9,432 9,297 9,168 9,066 8,900 8,647 8,332 8,295 8,008 7,577 2.668 2,239 1,818 1,603 1,559 1,485 1,767 1,809 1,825 1,796 1,598 35,513 35,157 34,934 34,614 33,714 33,034 32,708 32,416 31,822 31,077 8,532 8,295 8.043 7,800 7,542 7,313 7,175 7,009 6,926 6,837 16,134 16,365 16,603 16,775 17,399 17,422 17,590 17,658 18,067 18,220 6,185 6.233 6,243 6,291 6,911 7,341 7,316 7,023 7,243 7,235 1,218 1,246 1,266 1,369 1,395 1,310 1,530 30,174 29,519 28,664 27,686 27,277 26,967 26,631 26,145 25,838 25,668 6,629 6,438 6,279 6,037 5,800 5,549 4,382 3,939 3,561 3,240 18,274 18.343 18,249 18,050 18,449 18,681 19,403 19,914 20,471 20,708 25,646 25,538 25,595 25,636 25,432 25,500 25,681 25,901 26,086 26,094 3,095 3,102 3.044 2,950 2,809 2,771 2,764 2,707 2,632 2,520 26,051 25,465 24,875 24,453 23,800 23,217 22,182 21,092 19,720 19,753 19,209 7,603 7,287 7,249 7,075 6,218 1,868 1,456 1,348 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. NA Not available. 1 Increase in investment over a period of years cannot be obtained accurately by subtraction of 1 year's investment from that of another owing to reorganization, sale or abandonment, reclassification, etc. For 1921-1924, includes investment of lessor companies; and for 1925—1970, investment of lessor and proprietary companies. 2 Includes depreciation on "Miscellaneous physical property" prior to 1920 and amortization of defense projects accrued in 1941-1950. 4 4 3 Prior to 1958, includes securities nominally issued and nominally outstanding as well as those outstanding. Funded debt unmatured (series Q 361) does not include equipment obligations subsequent to 1942 but they are included here to preserve comparability of figures. 4 Class I and II railroads and their lessor subsidiaries. 3 Class I railroads. 6 Includes $170 million estimated reserve for accrued depreciation to place figure on comparable basis with other years. 7 Represents 1893 investments less increases each year on account of change in classification in 1893. 735 Q 367-377 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 367-377. Railroad Income and Expenses, and Interest and Dividends: 1890 to 1970 [In thousands of dollars, except as indicated. Includes intercorporate duplications. Unless otherwise noted, covers class I, II, and III railroads, subject to general exception that, prior to 1908, the returns for switching and terminal companies were included where applicable] Interest and dividends 1 Income and expenses Operating expenses Operating revenue Year ending— 367 Total 368 Maintenance Maintenance of of way and structures equipment 369 370 Tax accruals Operating income 371 372 Net oper- Net income 1 ating income 374 373 Ratio of operating expenses to operating revenues (percent) Dividends declared Interest accrued on funded debt 376 377 375 DECEMBER 3 1 126,429 517,066 623,440 2 367,689 957,359 80.31 78.99 78.86 79.00 76.07 486,132 534,849 660,048 582,088 547,667 553,763 501,856 473,213 455,059 423,486 066 433 952 266 045 865,899 733,220 681,325 600,393 410,140 76.76 78.42 77.88 78.51 79.08 532,649 492,443 412,815 394,116 385,017 402,889 384,413 377,656 376,149 383,313 594 760 772 934 1,083 618 140 898 645 708 473,175 607,924 630,033 765,227 908,416 79.42 78.32 78.78 78.32 76.73 411,650 431,860 444,982 466,415 476,083 386,774 390,467 393,159 382,175 373,207 1,404,185 1,146,203 1,364,302 1,285,922 1,165,447 1,144 887 1,122 1,091 956 347 817 512 657 699 958,849 712,252 939,887 900,472 757,934 75.51 78.66 76.18 76.01 77.27 476,207 405,403 445,145 394,042 373,574 373,502 376,020 378,218 376,907 367,244 1,212,084 845,089 1,043,036 949,273 506,480 1,239,861 867,406 1,188,666 965,136 780,197 1,055 693 1,014 790 624 309 957 815 534 868 854,951 496,103 767,949 537,405 334,966 74.42 80.27 77.19 78.21 83.31 348,811 306,995 335,313 280,397 283,171 367,218 365,393 361,879 374,150 406,147 2,157,678 1,597,155 1,449,356 1,219,460 1,000,375 835,434 1,961,652 1,862,940 1,211,775 555,970 1,036,130 1,317,941 1,560,675 1,682,347 1,148,081 858 1,113 1,370 1,499 1,009 864 568 364 592 502,250 733,461 946,150 992,843 557,672 79.17 66.62 62.64 61.66 68.52 295,294 292,248 263,919 254,088 239,438 449,917 488,877 515,617 564,174 543,954 508,328 477,697 431,021 508,319 466,284 826,242 773,080 683,529 834,820 790,240 402,953 361,617 346,236 331,013 324,858 820,161 728,992 507,155 730,158 810,434 690 595 376 597 675 554 961 865 841 600 243,148 141,134 -87,468 146,351 221,591 71.91 73.07 76.40 74.89 72.37 216,522 179,412 136,270 227,596 231,733 547,333 512,283 521,758 632,237 548,452 2,630,177 2,479,997 2,285,218 2,441,814 3,273,906 404,105 375,410 331,653 361,337 544,300 688,678 644,989 605,409 625,606 825,923 240,760 243,646 253,522 279,263 308,492 626,973 592,034 598,222 446,417 663,084 505 465 477 325 528 415 896 326 332 204 52,177 23,282 26,543 -121,630 169,287 75.17 74.77 72.82 77.06 77.10 202,568 211,767 158,790 150,774 401,463 559,187 569,760 690,230 591,340 592,866 5,356,484 6,373,004 6,212,464 6,245,716 6,508,679 3,993,621 4,579,162 4,508,606 4,662,521 4,766,235 723,525 877,067 861,846 895,063 894,886 1,030,482 1,216,045 1,181,251 1,234,655 1,300,680 353,881 402,698 395,631 383,112 396,538 1,007,907 1,389,955 1,306,620 1,198,547 1,344,010 874 1,262 1,182 1,077 1,229 154 636 467 842 020 577,923 977,230 855,018 741,924 883,422 74.56 71.86 72.57 74.65 73.23 603,150 560,902 510,018 '567,281 473,683 588,742 580,770 578,831 583,452 581,709 6,246,884 6,045,252 6,419,210 5,674,483 5,632,665 4,633,497 4,608,807 4,999,383 4,509,991 4,668,998 844,186 821,793 843,224 755,030 787,537 1,278,227 1,279,680 1,485,555 1,269,971 1,271,921 365,790 347,437 339,577 308,145 283,163 1,245,622 1,086,578 1,078,226 854,779 678,551 1,136 984 974 769 601 728 463 918 411 139 771,053 623,399 632,118 434,459 350,540 74.17 76.24 77.88 79.48 82.89 409,645 385,130 411,882 338,806 456,482 583,875 588,301 551,706 538,594 529,398 6,310,151 5,250,420 4,985,290 4,115,413 3,691,065 5,954,394 4,498,817 4,071,522 2,906,283 2,426,251 1,069,436 800,912 673,084 460,447 439,195 1,613,950 1,245,264 1,120,611 700,073 609,105 289,272 239,136 229,533 218,632 161,825 75,402 511,546 684,004 988,776 1,102,171 12 454 646 950 1,058 101 132 223 557 506 481,951 496,609 442,336 658,225 735,341 94.36 85.68 81.67 70.62 65.73 331,103 335,242 339,186 381,852 366,561 500,354 476,075 468,286 474,123 481,426 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966— 12,209,237 11,658,525 11,061,902 10,581,560 10,880,467 9,805,555 9,209,137 8,723,664 8,359,369 8,277,294 1,650,302 1,540,481 1,441,112 1,326,630 1,342,632 2,188,863 2,025,511 1,938,988 1,895,376 1,872,661 1,103,988 1,065,134 979,700 941,272 1,001,510 1,299,694 1,384,254 1,358,538 1,280,919 1,601,663 505 667 694 689 1,065 669 157 143 548 232 1965 1964. 1963 1962. 1961 10,425,052 9,985,187 9,684,636 9,562,991 9,309,696 8,002,685 7,830,168 7,542,306 7,507,757 7,361,751 1,273,099 1,250,697 1,207,801 1,179,466 1,141,223 1,802,103 1,779,807 1,747,395 1,758,967 1,698,617 949,215 891,248 906,456 925,572 1,011,814 1,473,152 1,263,771 1,235,874 1,129,663 936,131 980 828 815 735 547 1960* 1959 1958 1957 1956 9,641,593 9,954,828 9,686,289 10,625,452 10,686,492 7,657,329 7,796,835 7,631,341 8,321,577 8,199,792 1,217,241 1,262,683 1,248,596 1,458,888 1,433,037 1,775,528 1,813,550 1,735,067 1,928,912 1,907,606 1,020,471 1,070,093 977,277 1,090,818 1,144,446 963,793 1,087,900 1,077,671 1,213,057 1,342,254 1955... 1954 1953 1952 1951- 10,229,600 9,484,015 10,787,891 10,702,877 10,511,612 7,724,496 7,460,507 8,218,223 8,134,811 8,122,521 1,412,877 1,376,478 1,612,390 1,546,613 1,505,488 1,798,579 1,704,985 1,993,602 1,965,327 1,956,438 1,100,920 877,304 1,205,366 1,282,144 1,223,644 9,587,000 8,680,791 9,784,332 8,784,214 7,709,171 7,135,055 6,968,296 7,552,630 6,869,806 6,422,494 1,311,775 1,309,857 1,374,058 1,234,978 1,169,887 1,718,660 1,617,800 1,713,967 1,568,124 1,478,302 8,986,954 9,524,628 9,138,419 7,547,826 5,413,972 7,115,391 6,345,035 5,714,804 4,653,705 3,709,921 1,431,221 1,283,208 1,125,873 811,206 615,533 4,354,712 4,050,047 3,616,072 4,226,325 4,108,658 3,131,598 2,959,438 2,762,681 3,165,154 2,973,366 3,499,126 3,316,861 3,138,186 3,168,537 4,246,385 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 19451944 1943 1942 1941 „ 1940— 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935.. 1934 1933 1932 1931— 1920 19191918 1917 1916 — — See footnotes at end of table. 736 153 2 2 2 3 RAIL TRANSPORTATION Series Q 367-377. Q 330-397 Railroad Income and Expenses, and Interest and Dividends: 1890 to 1970—Con. [In thousands of dollars, except as indicated] Interest and dividends 1 Income and expenses Operating expenses Operating revenue Maintenance Maintenance of of way and structures equipment Total 367 368 3,472,642 2,956,193 3,127,730 »3,193,118 2,906,416 2,852,855 2,277,202 2,088,683 2,280,416 5 2,235,923 2,035,058 1,976,332 2,812,142 2,473,205 2,440,659 2,589,106 2,325,765 2,082,482 1,975,174 1,900,847 1,726,380 1,588,526 1,881,879 1,650,034 1,710,402 1,748,516 1,536,877 1,390,602 1,338,896 1,257,539 1,116,249 1,030,397 1,487,045 1,313,610 1,247,326 1,122,090 1,150,169 1,075,371 1,073,362 1,220,752 1,171,407 1,096,761 1,051,878 961,429 856,969 817,973 752,525 772,989 725,720 731,414 827,921 780,898 731,888 692,094 369 370 421,501 381,532 419,278 5421,232 367,448 366,025 Tax accruals Operating income 371 372 Net operNet income 1 ating income 373 374 1,002,935 694,276 674,190 6 805,266 727,458 744,669 671,398 354,787 395,492 «546,761 453,125 547,281 65.58 70.65 72.91 5 70.02 70.02 69.28 342,109 328,478 451,653 369,078 400,315 460,195 368,507 308,450 329,373 343,545 311,721 275,046 261,280 266,422 248,382 231,057 413,110 363,913 368,354 368,062 328,555 288,441 267,185 240,430 213.381 190,300 98,035 85,140 78,674 73,743 69,064 58,712 56,802 53,522 50,054 46,708 832,228 738,032 651,562 805,097 710,474 634,794 766,846 719,824 633,168 579,476 590,056 560,077 511,421 583,191 441,063 443,987 488.014 434,229 364,811 317,308 338,324 314,989 273,450 66.92 66.72 70.08 67.53 66.08 66.78 67.79 66.16 64.66 64.86 405,771 321,072 390,695 308,089 272,796 237,964 221,941 196,728 185,392 156,736 211,221 180,411 173,315 159,434 160,345 143,976 143,669 169,258 164,189 153,672 152,719 181,174 150,919 142,625 122,762 133.382 113,789 112,895 136,876 128,712 117,048 114,039 44,445 44,397 41,929 41,119 37,962 38,146 36,556 35,071 32,751 32,052 29,806 481,171 412,244 387,424 328,446 339,219 311,505 305,391 357,760 357,658 332,822 329,978 252,760 177,225 147,167 85,802 94,794 60,133 60,174 114.015 120,091 114,965 106,270 64.65 65.24 65.58 67.06 67.20 67.48 68.14 67.82 66.67 66.73 65.80 139,598 111,010 96,153 87,111 87,603 85,288 95,515 100,930 97,615 91,118 87,072 4 5 6 Includes unusual items, amounting to $76,300,000, not representing cash. Class I and II railroads. Class I and II railroads and their lessor subsidiaries. Railroad Tax Accruals: 1921 to 1970 [In millions of dollars. Class I railroads] U.S. Government taxes Old-age retirement Unemployment insurance Income and 379 380 381 382 1.068.5 1,029.1 946.6 910.2 968.4 665.3 640.0 579.6 544.3 626.4 468.3 422.3 398.9 359.3 318.1 107.6 113.8 117.5 121.0 88.4 106.2 916.5 870.6 886.4 905.0 991.1 560.4 524.0 539.5 540.0 608.2 271.2 256.3 242.3 246.0 233.8 124.0 128.3 131.6 135.8 130.1 163.7 137.9 164 .1 156.8 242.5 998.8 1.047.6 957.2 1,068.4 1.121.3 598.6 643.4 559.0 664.2 728.5 253.2 244.7 225.5 258.7 269.3 141.0 129.2 90.3 82.9 64.9 1.080.4 861.3 1,185.0 1,261.8 1,203.3 700.9 499.6 822.4 906.4 855.8 262.5 250.6 266.8 269.8 264.1 1,194.6 832.5 1.028.5 936.4 498.1 866.5 517.8 721.2 654.0 242.1 242.1 233.8 243.9 232.2 136.9 376 1,044,603 729,069 706,844 6 835,190 757,540 773,866 Series Q 378-384. 378 375 150,015 137,775 140,470 5 122,005 113,819 102,657 6 6 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 1 Includes lessors. After extraordinary and prior period items. 3 Includes $10,000 dividend declared from "capital surplus." Total Dividends declared 570,326 509,819 532,139 511,561 450,373 428,367 6 2 Total Ratio of operating expenses to operating revenues (percent) profits U.S. Government taxes All other Other taxes Year Total 384 383 Total Old-age retirement Unemployment insurance Income and excess profits 379 380 381 382 All other 403.2 389.1 366.7 365.8 342.0 1945. 1944 1943 1942 1941 823.5 1,846.0 1,849.2 1,198.8 547.2 548.0 1.560.4 1.578.5 950.6 323.3 119.8 120.2 110.0 85.5 69.1 110.8 110.8 101.6 85.5 69.0 305.7 1,304.4 1,335.1 755.1 173.8 11.9 25.0 31.8 24.5 11.4 1.5 1.5 1.9 356.1 346.6 346.9 365.0 382.9 1940 1939 1938 1937. 1936 396.4 355.7 340.8 325.7 319.8 181.5 118.7 75.4 66.7 91.8 58.2 50.3 47.1 25.1 47.3 58.2 28.7 5.9 4.5 8.8 59.9 32.8 18.9 32.0 30.7 5.: 6.9 3.5 5.1 5.0 202.9 267.6 240.9 320.3 392.0 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.3 400.2 404.2 398.2 404.2 392.8 1935 1934. 1933 1932. 1931 236.9 239.6 249.6 275.1 303.5 24.7 19.8 19.3 11.9 10.2 18.9 14.3 12.7 5.8 5.5 6.6 21.3 20.0 21.2 21.6 414.3 226.4 533.1 2.7 2.6 379.5 361.7 362.6 355.4 347.5 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926. 348.6 396.7 389.4 376.1 388.9 39.9 89.4 88.0 84.6 108.3 20.2 19.4 21.1 121.2 117.4 601.2 261.6 3.0 3.0 7.9 3.0 3.4 328.1 314.7 307.3 282.4 256.0 1925. 1924. 1923. 1922. 1921. 358.5 340.3 331.9 301.0 275.9 86.5 73.4 77.1 51.9 37.3 110.6 22.0 66.1 66.3 186.3 612.6 567.1 448.4 297.6 -15.7 1.0 .9 .8 .9 1.0 1.5 1.6 2.6 1.3 2.4 737 Q 413-432 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 385-387. Railroad Highway Grade Crossings: 1925 to 1970 [Class I railroads. Includes switching and terminal companies] Eliminated during year by separation of grades Total Specially protected 385 386 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 210,954 211,740 211,993 213,723 214,417 46,674 45,961 45,502 45,213 44,432 95 49 207 132 173 1945. 1944. 1943. 1942 1941. 226,153 226,357 226,938 227,496 229,722 33,321 33,211 33,124 33,075 32,859 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 215,961 218,723 220,165 221,653 223,735 44,333 43,990 43,484 43,127 42,256 59 159 72 132 100 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 230,285 231,104 231,400 232,322 232,902 32,421 31,775 31,448 31,119 30,466 1960. 1959. 1958 1957. 1956 224,513 225,394 225,938 223,381 224,519 42,267 41,720 41,155 39,884 39,324 102 130 78 113 72 1935 1934 1933. 1932 1931 234,231 234,820 235,827 237,035 238,017 30,200 30,226 30,628 30,809 31,052 1955 1954 1953. 1952. 1951. 226,318 226,522 227,110 227,291 227,415 39,060 38,528 37,990 37.242 36,682 84 80 53 95 50 1950. 1949 1948. 1947. 1946. 227,364 226,791 226,844 226,501 226,143 35,968 35.243 34,507 33,789 33,320 61 53 26 24 23 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 240,673 242,809 240,089 236,283 235,158 233,633 30,287 30,190 29,215 28,724 27,927 27,241 Year Series Q 388-397. Year Total Specially protected 385 386 Fuel Received, Ties and Rails Laid, and Purchases by Railroads: 1917 to 1970 [Class I line-haul railroads] Fuel received Year Bituminous coal Fuel oil Diesel oil 388 389 390 1,000 short tons Mil. gal. Mil. gal. 19701969 1968 1967. 1966 Cross-ties laid 1 _ New rails laid Purchases Total Treated Total, incl. miscellaneous Fuel Forest products Iron and steel products 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 1,000 short tons 1,000 1,000 Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. 1 1 2 2 3 33 42 47 65 3,812 3,924 3,922 3,889 3,925 549 575 547 474 605 19,611 20,088 19,006 17,458 17,699 19,473 19,895 18,811 17,319 17,399 1,654 1,534 1,591 1,605 446 439 415 401 123 104 126 125 454 425 462 483 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 4 7 1,566 1,834 1,870 77 85 221 229 224 3,742 3,630 3,636 3,578 3,507 446 383 370 312 293 16,982 16,546 15,120 15,206 13,427 16,731 16,488 15,027 15,138 13,357 1,498 1,476 1,401 1,311 1,262 374 365 376 364 366 104 97 85 81 70 447 437 396 374 334 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 2,229 2,717 3,658 8,160 12,280 233 237 239 279 443 3,560 3,620 3,453 3,633 3,639 382 481 413 782 883 16,417 18,267 17,722 25,123 27,323 16,290 18,077 17,426 24,497 26,848 1,463 1,430 1,231 1,816 1,884 365 392 376 460 477 97 93 76 128 155 446 419 320 609 613 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 15,188 15,964 28,005 37,829 54,226 613 656 1,153 1,668 2,335 3,453 3,160 3,067 2,759 2,323 963 993 1,302 1,086 1,282 27,173 25,728 33,462 34,231 32,457 26,490 24,531 32,144 32,910 30,804 1,637 1,425 1,920 1,818 2,176 454 433 510 539 621 119 114 176 177 188 510 406 613 513 704 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 63,906 64,671 98,826 109,884 108,148 2,519 2,638 3,759 4,052 4,144 1,923 1,486 1,170 785 544 1,368 1,448 1,548 1,639 1,388 33,091 32,926 40,472 40,206 40,150 31,553 31,198 38,281 37,920 37,671 1,740 1,641 2,183 1,909 1,571 609 564 833 692 553 121 142 166 172 149 510 454 590 504 416 1945 1944... 1943 1942 1941 123,007 135,579 129,738 120,910 104,100 4,706 4,744 4,802 4,135 3,368 441 316 219 174 114 1,823 1,773 1,448 1,353 1,355 46,624 51,259 49,344 53,241 50,077 43,657 47,695 44,822 47,932 43,872 1,572 1,611 1,394 1,260 1,161 555 586 527 426 350 137 159 150 115 104 418 432 340 354 380 See footnotes at end of table. 738 t R A I L TRANSPORTATION Series Q 388-397. Fuel Received, Ties and Rails Laid, and Purchases by Railroads: 1917 to 1970—Con. Fuel received 1 Year Bituminous coal Fuel oil Diesel oil 388 389 390 1,000 short tons Mil. gal. Mil. gal. Purchases Total Treated Total, incl. miscellaneous Fuel Forest products Iron and steel products 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 1,000 short tons 1,000 1,000 Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. Mil. dol. 45,326 46,410 42,508 49,738 49,117 38,698 39,654 34,589 39,674 38,206 854 769 583 966 803 274 257 244 294 272 82 70 57 105 77 264 236 127 311 239 2,282 2,108 1,943 1,984 2,380 658 715 457 456 1,154 45,260 44,131 38,007 40,137 54,449 33,939 32,367 26,818 30,107 41,851 593 600 466 445 695 233 217 181 178 245 57 64 42 52 76 135 151 104 95 189 108,651 124,152 119,820 130,606 139,602 2,870 3,208 2,847 2,921 3,173 1,783 2,281 2,404 2,477 2,475 69,325 81,964 84,585 86,243 80,746 54,529 64,724 64,331 62,963 55,558 1,039 1,330 1,271 1,396 1,559 307 364 385 439 473 135 158 161 176 186 305 407 375 407 507 131,452 126,340 157,900 120,654 127,630 3,114 3,095 3,017 2,184 2,006 1,937 1,557 1,640 82,717 83,073 84,435 86,642 86,522 50,090 44,490 41,656 40,630 36,072 1,392 1,343 1,739 459 472 618 170 181 233 419 366 465 1,581 2,615 2,109 2,293 86,829 80,903 76,139 79,070 37,792 88,595 81,813 74,784 91,718 91,707 2,752 2,573 2,426 2,875 2,569 19351934. 1933. 1932. 1931. 81,286 79,494 75,487 74,670 91,136 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926 _ 1925. 1924. 1923. 1922. 1921. 73 44 19201919. 1918. 1917. 1 Cross-ties laid New rails laid 1,134 992 679 1,163 1,043 1940. 1939. 1938. 1937. 1936. - Q 388-409 2 Represents zero. Beginning 1964, represents fuel consumed by locomotives and rail motor cars. Series Q 398-409. 2 2 Figures for this and earlier years less inclusive than for later years. Railroad Employment and Wages, and Accidents and Fatalities: 1890 to 1970 [Statistics on accidents and fatalities not strictly comparable because of changing definition of a reportable accident] Employees 1 Year ending— Number 398 Railroad accidents and fatalities (all steam railroads) Compensation 399 1,000 Total Passengers 2 3 Employees 4 Other persons 3 Trespassers 3 6 Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 Mil. dol. DECEMBER 3 1 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 577 590 602 624 645 5,646 6,451 5,197 5,026 4,975 2,225 2,299 2,359 2,483 2,684 21,327 23,356 24,608 24,523 25,552 8 6 11 12 23 489 862 1,329 1,054 1,244 172 190 150 176 168 16,285 17,255 18,116 18,065 18,651 1,452 1,476 1,570 1,649 1,815 3,907 4,565 4,500 4,718 4,965 593 627 628 646 678 646 674 663 696 702 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 656 675 691 711 727 4,887 4,758 4,690 4,722 4,684 2,399 2,423 2,141 2,106 2,127 26,789 27,614 27,456 26,880 27,118 11 8 13 27 17 1,189 1,489 2,135 2,109 1,887 184 188 173 190 145 19,133 20,499 19,992 19,733 20,194 1,570 1,608 1,384 1,272 1,341 4,799 4,915 4,671 4,360 4,359 634 619 571 617 624 668 711 658 678 678 1960* 1959 1958 1957 1956... 793 828 853 999 1,058 4,967 5,049 4,991 6,422 5,388 2,248 2,094 2,311 2,393 2,678 19,577 19,909 19,343 18,688 28,676 32 10 61 15 57 1,463 1,352 1,628 1,566 2,756 198 178 187 195 288 13,710 14,193 13,305 12,246 19,608 1,401 1,265 1,352 1,441 1,415 3,840 3,740 3,750 4,259 5,588 617 641 711 742 818 564 619 660 617 724 1955 1954 1963 1952 1951 1,071 1,078 1,221 1,242 1,292 5,045 4,907 5,381 5,382 5,328 2,761 2,675 3,039 3,011 3,459 27,840 25,547 29,214 30,001 34,454 24 30 49 24 150 2,253 2,247 2,503 2,049 3,184 282 235 343 386 432 19,011 17,219 20,170 21,339 24,266 1,588 1,440 1,603 1,568 1,735 5,896 5,354 5,745 5,806 6,178 867 870 1,044 1,043 1,142 680 727 796 807 826 1950 1949 1948 19471946... 1,237 1,209 1,345 1,371 1,378 4,645 4,469 4,821 4,399 4,214 3,486 3,426 3,883 4,285 4,508 33,267 32,123 43,107 48,819 52,026 180 37 69 79 128 3,419 2,645 3,607 4,246 4,714 392 450 622 791 738 22,586 22,993 31,961 36,880 39,472 1,699 1,652 1,757 1,936 2,007 6,320 5,664 6,575 6,675 6,853 1,215 1,287 1,445 1,480 1,635 942 921 964 1,018 987 1945 1944 1943 1942— 1941 1,439 1,434 1,375 1,291 1,159 3,901 3,898 3,556 2,966 2,360 4,812 4,908 5,051 5,337 5,191 61,515 61,251 60,348 48,123 37,829 156 267 278 122 48 4,840 4,854 5,166 3,501 3,009 972 1,087 1,072 1,005 807 48,632 48,613 46,971 36,032 25,866 2,092 2,004 1,946 2,197 2,141 7,031 6,820 7,076 7,237 7,378 1,592 1,550 1,755 2,013 2,195 1,012 964 1,135 1,353 1,576 __. See footnotes at end of table. 739 Q 388-412 Series Q 398-409. TRANSPORTATION Railroad Employment and Wages, and Accidents and Fatalities: 1890 to 1970—Con. Employees 1 Number Railroad accidents and fatalities (all steam railroads) Compensation 399 Total Passengers 1 Killed Injured Killed 400 401 402 Employees 4 Injured Killed Injured Other persons 3 Killed Trespassers 3 Injured Killed 407 408 Mil. dol. 1,046 1,007 958 1,137 1,086 1,991 1,889 1,771 2,014 1,874 4,740 4,492 4.649 5,502 6.650 29,606 28,144 27,275 36,713 34,723 83 40 81 34 41 2,597 2,580 2,345 2,594 2,548 583 536 613 712 720 18,360 17,383 16,569 24,114 22,409 1,979 1,564 1,695 2,102 1,988 6,886 6,225 6,253 7,703 7,348 2,095 2,352 2,360 2,654 2,801 1,773 1,966 2,108 2,302 2,418 1,014 1,027 991 1,052 1,283 1,666 1,541 1,424 1,635 2,125 6,258 5,020 6,180 4,906 6,271 28,108 28,641 27,516 29,232 36,671 30 38 51 27 46 1,949 1,946 2,067 1,912 2,104 600 556 533 679 677 16,742 17,338 15,932 17,742 23,358 1,842 1,729 1.704 1,722 2,059 6,711 6,573 5,915 6,214 7,232 2,786 2,697 2,892 2,577 2,489 2,706 2,785 3,602 3,364 2,977 1,517 1,694 1,692 1,776 1,822 2,689 2,940 2,874 2,963 3,002 5,665 6,690 6,680 6,992 7,090 49,443 77,013 86,205 104,817 130,235 61 114 91 88 152 2,666 3.846 3,468 3,893 4,461 977 1,428 1,329 1,670 1,672 35.872 60,739 70.873 88,223 111,903 2,218 2,724 2,773 2,608 2.705 8,230 10,082 9,497 9,976 11,326 2,409 2,424 2,487 2,726 2,561 2,675 2,346 2,367 2,725 2,545 1,786 1,795 1,902 1,670 1,705 2,916 2,883 3,062 2,693 2,824 6,766 6,617 7,385 6,326 5,996 137,435 143,739 171,712 134,871 120,685 171 149 138 200 205 4,962 6,354 6.847 6,153 6,684 1,599 1,543 2,026 1,667 1,446 119,224 125,319 162,678 117,197 104,530 2,412 2,369 2,442 2,038 4,345 10,571 10,213 10,140 8,677 10,571 2,584 2,556 2,779 2,430 2,688 2,853 3,047 2,844 2,076 1,960 1,892 1,786 1,701 3,754 2,898 2,665 1,783 1,507 6,958 6,978 9,286 10,087 10,001 168,309 149,053 174,676 194,805 196,722 229 273 471 301 246 7,591 7,456 7,316 7,582 7,152 2,578 2,138 3,419 3,199 2,941 149,414 131,018 156,013 174,247 176,923 4,151 4,567 5,396 6,587 6,814 11,304 10,579 11,246 12,976 12,647 1,654 1,648 1,710 •1,815 1,716 1,670 1,404 1,278 1,381 •1,374 1,252 1,208 9,364 8,621 10,302 10,964 10,585 10,396 180,376 162,040 192,662 200,308 169,538 150,159 199 232 360 283 299 7,488 10,914 13,887 15,130 14,938 12,042 2,687 2,152 3,259 3,715 3,635 3,602 160,663 138,092 165,212 171,417 142,442 126,039 6,438 6,270 6,811 6,899 6,667 6,495 12,224 13,034 13,563 13,761 1,699 1,503 1,436 1,672 1,621 1,144 988 1,036 1,072 901 9,682 8,722 10,188 11,839 10,618 119,507 95,626 104,230 111,016 97,706 324 253 381 610 359 12,451 10,311 11,656 13,041 10,764 2,610 3,405 4,534 3,929 95,671 75,006 82,487 87,644 76,701 6,976 5,859 6,402 6,695 6,330 11,385 10,309 10,187 10,331 10,241 1,382 1,296 1,313 1,189 1,071 840 818 757 676 611 9,703 10,046 9,840 8,588 8,455 86,008 84,155 76,553 64,662 53,339 637 441 355 345 282 10,467 9,111 8,231 6,683 4,988 3,361 3,632 3,606 2,969 2,675 66,833 67,067 60,481 50,524 41,142 6,806 5,973 5,879 6,274 5,498 8,718 7,977 7,841 7,455 7,209 1,018 929 875 823 827 577 523 495 466 469 7,865 7,123 6,859 6,437 6,448 50,320 44,620 40,882 36,731 38,687 249 239 221 222 181 4,128 3,442 2,946 2,795 2,873 2,650 2,210 1,958 1,693 1,861 39,643 34,923 31,761 27,667 29,969 5,066 4,674 4,680 4,622 4,406 6,549 6,255 6,176 6,269 5,845 785 780 874 821 784 446 6,136 6,447 7,346 7,147 7,029 33,748 31,889 40,393 36,652 33,881 170 324 299 376 293 2,375 3,034 3,229 3,227 2,972 1,811 1,823 2,727 2,554 2,660 25,696 23,422 31,729 28,267 26,140 4,155 4,300 4,320 4,217 4,076 5,677 5,433 5,435 6,158 4,769 6,335 29,027 286 2,426 2,451 22,396 3,598 4,206 749 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. 1 See headnote for series Q 367-377. 2 Passengers on trains and travelers not on trains. 3 Casualties sustained in nontrain accidents included with "Other persons." Nonirain accidents are those not caused directly by operation or movement of trains, locomotives, or cars, but attributable to shop machinery or use of tools and apparatus that result in reportable casualties. 740 12,168 12,078 4 Prior to 1921 casualties sustained by employees not on duty in nontrain accidents included with "Other persons." 6 Trespassers included with "Other persons" prior to 1922. • Class I and II railroads. R A I L TRANSPORTATION Series Q 410-412. Year Q 410-412 Pullman Company Operations: 1915 to 1968 Average miles of road over which operations conducted Revenue passengermiles 1 (millions) Employees 410 411 412 1968. 1967. 1966. 33,464 42,713 45,807 1,002 1,434 1,969 2,945 4,179 4,905 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 51,057 52,994 59,798 61,278 63,035 2,014 2,218 2,516 2,905 3,046 5,347 5,544 5,902 6,392 6,688 1960. 1959. 1958. 1957. 1956. 67,467 71,448 79,555 85,068 87,472 3,358 3,462 4,300 5,388 6,630 7,320 8,020 10,234 14,890 16,793 1955. 1954 1953. 1952. 1951. 89,124 91,920 94,518 96,390 99,592 6,882 7,271 8,200 9,336 9,893 18,061 19,866 21,529 22,588 23,862 1950. 1949. 1948. 1947. 1946. 102,722 104,287 104,940 105,950 100,653 10,558 10,544 12,172 13,516 20,672 22,820 22,286 23,724 29,046 36,982 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 95,765 103,766 104,128 106,408 108,034 27,276 28,267 25,891 19,072 10,070 41,601 39.703 33,182 26,591 22.704 Year Average miles of road over which operations conducted Revenue passengermiles 1 (millions) 411 1940_, 1939. 1938. 1937. 1936. 109,595 109,886 110,728 111,507 111,522 8,214 8,485 8,270 9,170 8,355 1935. 1934. 1933. 1932. 1931. 112,117 112,420 112,298 118,061 125,703 7,146 6,891 6,142 6,757 9,891 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926. 129,578 130,019 128,753 123,334 126,907 12,516 14,059 13,938 14,699 14,409 1925. 1924. 1923. 1922. 1921. 126,840 124,795 124,794 123,547 14,016 13,082 12,982 11,759 11,295 1920. 1919. 1918. 1917. 1916. 14,334 13,720 10,679 11,072 9,285 1915. 8,925 1 1939-1967 includes Pullman operations on Canadian and Mexican railroads; excludes chartered car operations. 741 Chapter Q Water Transportation (Series Q 413-564) Q 413-564. General note. Basic governmental sources of historical merchant-marine and water-traffic statistics include American State Papers: Class IV, Commerce and Navigation, vols. 1 and 2, for 1789-1823; the various annual issues of Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States, for 1821-1946, originally issued b y the Register of the Treasury and then by the Treasury Department, later b y the Department of Commerce and Labor, and finally by the Department of Commerce; the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Navigation, 1884-1923, the issuance of which followed a similar succession beginning with I he Treasury Department; annual issues of Merchant Marine Statistics, 1924-1965, originally prepared by the Department of Commerce as successor to the statistical section of the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Navigation, and issued annually by the Bureau of Customs until 1965, supplemented by records of the U.S. Coast Guard, and the various annual issues of the Annual Report of the Office of the Chief of Engineers, Corps of Engineers. The Statistical Abstract of the United States, a secondary source, also contains historical merchantmarine and water-traffic statistics. The Statistical Abstract has been issued by the following agencies: 1878-1902, Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Department; 1903-1911, Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor; 1912, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce and Labor; 1913-1937, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce; 1938 and thereafter, Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce. Congressional documents also contain historical series on the merchant marine, foreign commerce, and related fields. For 17891882, a particularly valuable collection of documents was found in the library of the Department of Commerce, bound together under the title Decadence of American Shipping and Compulsory Pilotage. The documents included are as follows: Foreign Commerce and Decadence of American Shipping, H. K. Ex. D o c . N o . I l l , 41st Congress, 2d session; Causes of the Reduction of American Tonnage and the Decline of Navigation Interest..., H. R . Report No. 28, 41st Congress, 2d session; Foreign Commerce and the Practical Workings of Maritime Reciprocity, H. R. Ex. Doc. No. 76, 41st Congress, 3d session; Causes of the Decadence of Our Merchant Marine; Means for Its Restoration and the Extension of Our Foreign Commerce, H. R. Report No. 342, 46th Congress, 3d session; American Shipping, H. R . Report No. 1827, 47th Congress, 2d session; American Merchant Marine, H. R. Report No. 363, 48th Congress, 1st session; Ship-Building and ShipOwning Interests, H. R. Report No. 750, 48th Congress, 1st session; and reports of lesser interest, H. R. Misc. D o c . No. 37 and Report No. 1848, both of the 48th Congress, 1st session. Since 1921, publications of the Maritime Commission and its predecessor agencies should also be consulted, particularly the reports entitled, Ocean-Going Merchant Fleets of Principal Maritime Nations, Iron and Steel, Steam and Motor, Vessels of 2,000 Gross Tons and Over, issued quarterly or semiannually, 1921-1941, and Employment of American Flag Steam and Motor Merchant Vessels of 1,000 Gross Tons and Over, issued quarterly, 1923-1941. Finally, the Bureau of the Census (and its predecessor Census Office) published the results of five censuses of water transportation, for the years 1880, 1889, 1906,1916, and 1926 (see general note for series Q 414-505, below). Q 413. Persons entering the United States by ship, 1933-1970. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the State of the Finances, various issues. 742 Data include persons entering by documented vessels, excluding ferryboats. Q 414-505. General note. Statistics on documented merchant vessels and shipbuilding are from Merchant Marine Statistics, various annual issues, supplemented by records of the U.S. Coast Guard. Many are from the 1936 issue. Some of the estimates from the 1936 report have been modified, however, as explained below in table II. The text statements, and the correction of errors found in the published tables are based on reference to the primary sources, as follows: For 1789-1823, see American State Papers: Class IV, Commerce and Navigation, vols. 1 and 2 (published in 1834); for 1821-1892, see annual issues of Commerce and Navigation of the United States; for 1884-1923, see issues of Annual Report of the Commissioner of Navigation; for 1924-1945, see annual issues of Merchant Marine Statistics. Of the Maritime Commission reports cited in the general note for series Q 413 - 564, above, the first, Ocean-Going Merchant Fleets..., provides data for each leading maritime nation on ocean-going merchant vessels of 2,000 gross tons and over, showing number and tonnage of such fleets classified by age, speed, size, boilers, engines, draft, etc., by major vessel type. The second, Employment of American Flag Steam and Motor Merchant Vessels . . . , shows for seagoing merchant vessels of 1,000 gross tons and over the number and tonnage of such vessels employed in U.S. foreign and domestic trade, arranged by majcr vessel type, ownership (government and private), and area of operation. Census statistics on water transportation are not presented here. For reports of these censuses, see Tenth Census Reports, vol. IV, Report on Agencies of Transportation, 1880; Eleventh Census Reports, Report on Transportation Business, part 1, "Transportation b y Water"; Transportation by Water, 1906; Water Transportation, 1916; and Water Transportation, 1926. The first ccnsus, for 1880, was limited to steam vessels. The report of this census includes a detailed history of steam navigation in the United States with separate discussion and single-year construction statistics b y geographic region, from the beginning to 1880. (See T . C. Purdy, "Report on Steam Navigation in the United States," Tenth Census Reports, 1880, vol. IV.) The report of the shipbuilding census, also taken the same year, includes a detailed technical history of shipbuilding in all aspects, with particular reference to sailing craft. Single-year figures are shown for New England shipbuilding, 1674-1714, classified by type of vessel and place where built. (See Henry Hall, "Report on the Ship-Building Industry of the United States," Tenth Census Reports, 1880, vol. VIII.) The censuses of 1889 and 1906 included all classes of vessels. H o w ever, the 1889 census included fishing vessels for the Pacific Division only and the 1906 census excluded fishing vessels. The censuses of 1916 and 1926 provided data for all U.S. vessels and craft of 5 tons net register and over, documented and undocumented, whether propelled by machinery or sails, or unrigged, except that certain specified types of vessels were excluded. (See Bureau of the Census, Water Transportation, 1926, p. 5.) While the census reports of 1850 and 1860 contain some statistics relating to water transportation, these statistics apparently were collected by other agencies. Data shown here are for documented merchant vessels only, ex- WATER TRANSPORTATION elusive of yachts. applicable: The following definitions are those currently Documented vessels include all vessels granted registers, enrollments and licenses, or licenses, as "vessels of the United States," and as such have certain benefits and privileges. Vessels of 5 net tons and over owned by citizens of the United States and otherwise complying with the requirements for documentation may be documented to engage in the foreign or coasting trades or the fisheries. Registers are ordinarily issued to vessels engaged in the foreign trade or the whale fisheries. Historically, this group has included the major portion of the whaling fleet. Enrollments and licenses are issued to vessels of 20 net tons and over engaged in the coasting trade or fisheries. Licenses may be issued to vessels of less than 20 net tons engaged in the coasting trade or fisheries. Undocumented craft are those not registered, enrolled, or licensedBarges, scows, lighters, and canal boats, without any propelling power of their own, operated exclusively in a harbor, on the canals or other internal waters of a State, or on the rivers or lakes of the United States, not in any case carrying passengers, and vessels under 5 net tons are exempt from the requirements of the laws governing documentation. Gross tonnage refers to space measurement, 100 cubic feet equaling 1 ton; it is not a measure of weight. Gross tonnage is the capacity of the entire space within the frames and the ceiling of the hull, together with those closed-in spaces above deck available for cargo, stores, passengers, or crew, with certain minor exemptions. Before 1865, 95 cubic feet equaled 1 ton, and the admeasurement method differed in other respects. Changes in maritime law: Admeasurement method. "Admeasurement" refers to the method of calculating gross tonnage of ships or vessels. The first law of the United States on the subject appears to have been enacted September 1,1789 (1 Stat. 55). The enactment then made was reenacted with certain minor amendments in the Acts of August 4, 1790 (1 Stat. 169), and of March 2, 1799 (1 Stat. 675), and as so enacted was in force until January 1, 1865. A basic change in admeasurement method was provided in the act of M a y 6, 1864, effective January 1, 1865 (13 Stat. 70-72, R. S. 4153, 46 U. S. C. 77). The method described in the act of M a y 6, 1864, appears to have been substantially the same as that in force in 1945. For the transition period, 1865-1868, the total tonnage figures for the fleet are "mixed." During those years, the total fleet tonnage was obtained b y combining the "old admeasurement" tonnage of vessels not yet readmeasured and the "new admeasurement" tonnage of vessels which had been readmeasured or newly built. For a recapitulation of the " o l d " and " n e w " components of the fleet tonnage (not the same vessels) for each year, 1865-1868, see Commerce and Navigation, 1870, p. 798. No table has been located comparing the tonnage of a substantial number of vessels under " n e w " and " o l d " admeasurement; hence, neither the magnitude nor the direction of the change can be stated here. Apparently it varied for different types of vessels. "Brigs, schooners, and sloops measure less under the 'new' admeasurement . . . while ships, barks, steamboats, and vessels having closed-in spaces above their hulls have their tonnage largely increased." Further, the difference between " o l d " and " n e w " was not believed to affect a comparison of New England shipbuilding for the years 1855 and 1868. (See Treasury Annual Report, 1868, p. 496.) Another type of change in maritime law affecting the statistics is illustrated by the act of April 18, 1874 (18 Stat. 31), which exempted the greater amount of canalboat and other unrigged tonnage from documentation. (See U.S. Code, title 46, sec. 336.) For 1874-1876, Q 414-505 the "balance sheets of tonnage," published annually in the source volumes, record the removal of 879,000 tons of vessels for this reason alone. However, Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, lists 843,000 tons exempted in 1876, whereas the 1876 balance sheet of tonnage specified 601,000 tons exempted. The reason for this discrepancy is not clear. The tonnage exempted annually, 1874-1936, is shown on pp. 54-55 of Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936. At irregular intervals, steps were taken to remove from the tonnage accounts those vessels lost, abandoned, captured, sold to aliens, etc., which had not been officially reported for removal purposes. From the outset, the failure to remove such vessels annually resulted in a cumulative error which inflated the statistics of tonnage. When general clearances of this cumulative error were made, the effect was concentrated in a single year or a small group of years. For a basic statement on this subject, see American State Papers> cited above, vol. 1, p. 494, where Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury, outlines the problem and discusses the first attempt (1800) to deal with it. Recurrently, in the annual tonnage reports found in the source volumes, the problem is discussed, the announcement is made that the rolls have been finally cleared, and assurance is given that the problem has been solved for the future. However, as late as 1867, in spite of repeated clearances in earlier years, the "First Annual Report of the Director of the Bureau of Statistics" stated, " T h e tonnage returns were swelled with thousands of ghostly ships—• ships that had gone to the bottom years ago." (See Annual Report of the Secretary of Treasury, 1867, p. 244.) In 1869, the Register of the Treasury attributed the entire decline of tonnage reported for 1869 to this factor. (See Treasury Report, 1869, p. 300.) In the same year, Francis A. Walker, Deputy Special Commissioner of Revenue in Charge of the Bureau of Statistics, stated that the process of assigning a number to each vessel and the institution of an annual list of vessels, as required b y the Act of July 28, 1866, "has succeeded in clearing from the lists of vessels . . . a vast amount of purely fictitious tonnage, which have been carried forward from year to year although thousands of vessels which this tonnage originally represented had been meanwhile lost at sea, broken up, or sold abroad." (See Treasury Report, 1869, p. 342.) In the "balance sheets of tonnage" published annually in the source volumes, clearances of cumulative error are generally identified as " n o t heretofore credited" to distinguish them from listings of removals of the various types routinely reported as having occurred during the given year. Some of the more important clearances of this cumulative error, and the tons of shipping thereby removed, were: 1800-1901,197,000; 1811, amount not stated but the effect is evident in series Q 418; 1818, 182,000; 1829-1830, 604,000; 1837, 96,000; 1841-1842, 267,000; and 1855-1858, 945,000. In later years, the terms "obsolete," "obsolete, not heretofore reported," and "correction of balance" found in annual balance sheets of tonnage, frequently reflect removal of cumulative errors. Examples are (in tons): 1864,188,000; 1866,1,063,000; 1867, 260,000; 1868, 128,000; 1869, 338,000; 1870, 58,000; 1871, 103,000; 1881, 157,000. Other factors which require that early merchant-vessel statistics should be used with some caution are the following: (1) In some instances, systematic differences in identically described statistical series appear in the source volumes (see text for series Q 433-437) which reflect conflicting series of figures, possibly originating from different primary sources of data (see table II below); (2) transcription and typographical errors have crept into historical tables in the source volumes in the process of repeated recopying and retypesetting; (3) statistically significant footnotes which appeared in early reports frequently were dropped in later years; and (4) caution is suggested in referring back to the earlier volumes in the search for explanations of discrepancies or major changes, since the earlier data may reflect the same or similar errors. 743 Q 3 8 8 - 4 1 2 TRANSPORTATION In this volume (see table I I below), a number of the copying and typesetting errors have been corrected where the exact nature of the discrepancy could be determined beyond reasonable doubt; several broad differences in figures have been pointed out; and a few detailed tabular notes have been added based on information in various annual issues selected largely at random. Table II. Merchant Marine Tonnage—Changes in Figures From Those Shown in Source [Source is Merchant Marine Statistics, 1986] Series No. Year In source volume Q Q 417. 418- 1868 1886 1868 1817 1815 Q 419. 1928 1913 1851 14,343,679 5,335,541 582,607 14,346,679 5,333,247 583,607 Q 425. 1868 1863 1824 1817 2,475,067 4,357,537 1,367,453 1,330,986 2,508,516 4,579,537 1,367,553 1,390,986 Q 426-. 1921 1913 1928 1858 1818 1,232,728 1,043,347 14,064,199 2,301,408 589,944 1,242,728 1,045,641 14,064,119 2,301,148 589,954 1927 1856 1833 9,432,869 2,447,663 101,666 9,532,869 2,247,663 101,636 Q 432_. 1879 1878 1841 1831 79,855 86,447 77,783 170,189 79,885 86,547 77,873 107,189 Q 435. Q 436_. Q 437. 1893 1894 1901 1895 134,308 37,824 83,743 6,978 134,368 37,827 83,783 6,948 Q 459-. 1895 1894 1885 87,127 90,099 12,010 67,127 80,099 121,010 Q 1917 1881 1881 52,536 54,888 59,801 52,526 54,488 59,861 1914 1910 1892 1936 1868 64,523 184,239 60,710 12,511,777 3,141,540 64,550 174,239 60,770 12,511,523 3,174,935 Q 482.. 1876 1873 1868 1,447,844 1,051,991 1,012,749 1,147,844 1,055,019 1,046,198 Q 483_. 1873 1868 1932 1887 1868 2,242,890 1,962,279 1,856,563 683,721 481,271 2,242,862 1,962,225 1,856,553 783,721 481,218 Q 427-. Q 429Q 430-. Q 431.. 460.. Q 461.. Q 463.. Q 481. Q 485- Q 4861 3 5 '28,118 4,131,116 4,318,309 4 1,339,912 1,368,182 In this volume 2 128,167 3 4,131,136 4,351,758 5 1,399,912 1,368,128 Number of vessels. 2 As shown in table 10, p. 16, of source. As shown in table 16, p. 30, of source. 4 As shown in table 10, p. 14, of source. As shown in table 16, p. 28, of source. Q 414-416. Employment on U.S. flag merchant vessels—basic wage scale for able-bodied seamen, 1929-1970. Source: U.S. Maritime Administration, Seafaring Wage Rates, and unpublished data. Seamen on both coasts receive extra pay for Saturdays and Sundays at sea. Beginning November 1955, West Coast incorporated this extra pay into base wages but East Coast did not. Monthly wage rate represents basic wage, over and above subsistence (board and room), paid to seamen having qualifying experience and employed on U.S. flag merchant vessels. See also general note for series Q 414-505. Q 417-432. Documented merchant vessels, by major classes, material of which built, and trade, 1789-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936 and 1965 (annual report now published 744 by the U.S. Coast Guard), and U.S. Bureau of Customs, unpublished data. (Series Q 427-428, 1884, U.S. Department of the Treasury, Annual Report of Commission of Navigation, 188It, p. 161.) See also general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505. For 1789-1793, tonnage figures are the " d u t y tonnage," i.e., the tonnage of vessels on which duties were collected during the year. (See American State Papers, cited above in general note for series Q 414-505, vol. 1, p. 895.) The " d u t y tonnage" appears to have been the tonnage on which duties were collected on registered vessels, including "the repeated voyages of the same vessel," plus tonnage of the enrolled and licensed vessels which paid tonnage duties once each year. (See American State Papers, vol. 1, pp. 494, 498, 528.) Beginning in 1794, "district tonnage returns" were used, derived from reports of District Collectors of Customs, which gave the tonnage of vessels in each district based on registers, enrollments, and licenses outstanding, as of December 31. For 1794-1801, figures are district tonnage returns, with no attempt to correct for the cumulative error caused b y failure to remove vessels lost, abandoned, sold to aliens, etc. (See American State Papers, vol. 1, pp. 494, 499.) The figures for 1800-1801 ignore the first clearing of tonnage accounts which took place during these years. (See American State Papers, vol. 1, pp. 494-499, 527-531.) The correction for the cumulative error for registered vessels only would reduce the 1800 total to 819,571 tons and the 1801 total to 903,235 tons. The sharp drop attributable to the clearing of tonnage accounts would thereby be shifted back to 1800 instead of appearing in 1802. For 1802-1818, the figures in series Q 418 consist of the "corrected registered" tonnage plus the uncorrected enrolled or licensed tonnage (see 1813 tonnage report in American State Papers, vol. 1, p. 1017). The figures for 1811 and 1818 reflect two additional attempts to clear out the cumulative error of registered vessels improperly retained on the registers. (See American State Papers, vol. 1, pp. 876, 958, and vol. 2, p. 406.) The figures shown below in table I I I are those which were derived by a method authorized by Secretary of the Treasury Gallatin. They were reported to Congress in the annual tonnage reports in American State Papers as being the "actual" or "more nearly correct" tonnage. Table I I I . "Actual Tonnage" of Documented Vessels: 1800 to 1818 [In thousands of gross tons] Year Tons Year Tons 1818 1817 1816 1,150 1,341 1,264 1808 1807. 1806 1,173 1,208 1,166 1815 1814 1813 1812 1811 1,262 1,029 1,032 1,127 1,131 1805 1804 1803 1802 1801 1,085 983 917 865 850 1810 1809 1,329 1,266 1800 768 These were obtained b y taking the "corrected registered tonnage" and adding to it the " d u t y tonnage" for enrolled and licensed vessels. Since duties were paid only once each year on enrolled and licensed vessels, and owners were not likely to pay duties on nonexistent vessels, it was reasoned that the lower "duty tonnage" figure more accurately reflected the true total for the enrolled or licensed craft than did the district returns of tonnage based on outstanding marine documents. This correction for enrolled and licensed craft was dropped after 1818, probably because, beginning 1819, the " d u t y tonnage" for this group exceeded the district tonnage returns for the group. In American State Papers, vol. 1, p. 499, the tonnage described as "actual tonnage" in the comparative table for 1794-1799 is, in fact, the district returns of tonnage without correction of any kind. Elsewhere in the tonnage report for 1800 (pp. 494-499), and in tonnage WATER TRANSPORTATION reports for later years, the term "actual tonnage" normally means the district returns based on outstanding marine documents (registers, enrollments, and licenses) corrected for cumulative error. In table III, the term "actual tonnage" is used in the latter sense; the figures are from annual tonnage reports, 1800-1818, in American State Papers, vols. 1 and 2. Q 427-428, vessels, by material of which built. The source publication also classifies tonnage of each material by type of propulsion (steam, motor, sail, canalboat, and barge). Q 429-432, vessels, by trade in which engaged. The source publication also presents the number of vessels engaged in each type of trade as well as tonnage. The statutes do not recognize for documenting purposes any fisheries except the cod, mackerel, and whale. Vessels engaged in catching any other fish, such as salmon or menhaden, are documented for the mackerel fishery. Figures in early reports identified as "registered," or as "registered in foreign trade," commonly include the registered vessels engaged in the whale fishery. Accordingly, figures on "whale fishery" found in early reports should be examined carefully to determine whether they represent the entire whaling fleet or only the "enrolled or licensed" portion. The term "fisheries" as used in early volumes refers to cod and, later, to cod and mackerel fisheries. It rarely includes the whale fishery. In terms of documentation as "registered," "enrolled," "licensed," series Q 429-432 are composed broadly as follows: Series Q 429 (foreign trade) represents the total "registered" minus "registered whale fishery." The "registered" whaling tonnage is, however, included for 1794-1798. Series Q 430 (coastwise and internal) represents the portion of the enrolled or licensed group engaged in this trade. The rest of the enrolled or licensed group is in series Q 432 (cod and mackerel fisheries). Series Q 431 (whale fishery) is the "registered whale fishery" portion of the registered fleet plus the "whale fishery" portion of the enrolled or licensed fleet. For 1794-1798, however, the registered whaling tonnage is not included here, but in series Q 429. Series Q 432 (cod and mackerel fishery) is the cod and mackerel fishery portion of the enrolled or licensed fleet. The rest of the enrolled or licensed group is in series Q 430 (coastwise and internal). Q 433-437. 1964. Merchant vessels built and documented, by type, 1797- Source: See source for series Q 417-432. The source publication also presents statistics separately for steam, motor, and sailing vessels, canalboats, and barges. Statistics for motor vessels begin in 1893. Beginning 1938, figures are not comparable with those for earlier years and are probably understated. They represent those vessels built during the 12-month period which were still existent and documented as part of the merchant fleet at the end of the period. Hence, they exclude vessels completed during the period which were lost, sold to U.S. Government, sold to aliens, or otherwise removed from merchant vessel documentation before the end of the period. See also general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505. Q 438-448. Merchant vessels completed by U.S. shipyards, 1914-1970. Source: 1914-1960, American Bureau of Shipping, New York, The Bulletin, annual issues. 1961-1970, U.S. Maritime Administration, New Ship Construction, annual issues. See general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505. Q 449-458. Shipbuilding in private shipyards—summary, 1949-1970. Source: Shipbuilders Council of Annual Report, various issues. America, Washington, D.C., Q 414-505 Q 459-463. Gross tonnage of merchant vessels built and documented, by region, 1840-1936. Source: U.S. Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, pp. 46-48, and table 2. See general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505. Q 464-466. Gross tonnage of merchant vessels built and documented, by region, 1817-1850. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, fold-in table on the history of shipbuilding (1817-1868) at back of the Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 1868. Source also presents figures separately for "The United States," "The Lakes," and "Western Rivers." For a discussion of these data see the Annual Report. The source table, with a more detailed discussion appears as Plate X X I I in H.R., Ex. Doc. No. I l l , 41st Congress, 2d session, where the period covered is extended to 1869, and as Plate X (extended to 1870) in H.R. Ex. Doc. No. 76, 41st Congress, 3d session. These three series do not add to series Q 434. See also general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505. Q 467-472. Vessels repaired or converted in private shipbuilding and ship repair yards, 1943-1970. Source: See source for series Q 449-458. Q 473-480. Merchant vessels launched and United States, 1895-1970. owned—world and Source: Lloyd's Register of Shipping, London, England, Statistical Tables, annual issues; and Annual Summary of Merchant Ships Launched in the World, various issues, (copyright.) Q 481-486. Documented merchant vessels, by geographic region, 1816-1965. Source: See source for series Q 417-432. See general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505. Q 486a. Documented merchant vessels, western rivers (Haites), 1811-1868. Source E. F. Haites, J. Mak, and G. M. Walton, Western River Transportation During the Era of Early Internal Improvements, 18101860, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975, Appendix B (copyright). This series was calculated by the authors from W. M. Lytle, Merchant Steam Vessels of the United States 1807-1868, Mystic, Conn., The Steamship Historical Society of America, 1952, and Supplements 2 (1954) and 3 (1958), edited by F. R. Holdcamper. The Lytle List is an alphabetical listing of steamboats based on the original records for documented merchant vessels constructed in the United States between 1807 and 1868. The entry for each steamboat includes its gross measured tonnage (by the pre-1865 calculation), year of construction, port of construction, and year of termination of service. Steamboats operating on the western rivers during this era were of a special design. Steamboats not built on the western rivers were not well suited to operate there; steamboats built to operate there generally did not leave the river system. The western river steamboats were, therefore, isolated on the basis of their port of construction. The number and tonnage of the western river steamboats starting and terminating service each year was then calculated and these series were combined to give the tonnage in operation at the end of the calendar year. Series Q 486a differs from series Q 486 primarily in the treatment of the steamboats that ceased operation. Figures for series Q 486a exclude steamboats in the year during which they ceased to operate. Figures for series Q 486 exclude such steamboats only at irregular intervals. See also general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505. 745 Q 487-529 Q 487-502. TRANSPORTATION U.S. flag merchant vessels, steam and motor, 1934-1970. Source: U.S. Maritime Administration, Employment Report of United States Flag Merchant Fleet Oceangoing Vessels 1,000 Gross Tons and Over, annual issues. Q 509. Total vessels entered at seaports, 1840-1970. Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States. 1840,1946 edition, p. 546; 1844-1855, 1878 edition, p. 134; 1856-1879, 1880 edition, p. 138. 1880-1970, see source for series Q 506-508. See general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505. Q 510-511. Q 503-505. 1970. Documented merchant vessels, by type of service, 1934- U.S. and foreign vessels entered at seaports, 1856-1970. Source: 1856-1879, see source for series Q 509; 1880-1970, see source for series Q 506-508. Source: See source for series Q 417-432. Series Q 505 includes cable, cod, dredging, elevator, ferry, fireboat, fishing, ice breaker, lightering, oil exploitation, oystering, passenger, pile driving, pilot boat, police boat, patrol boat, refrigerator, towing, waterboat, whaling, welding, wrecking, and miscellaneous. The source presents details for each of these in recent years. See also general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505. Q 506-517. General note. Net tonnage capacity, as used here, refers to net or registered tonnage of the vessel, not weight of cargo. The net tonnage is what remains after deducting from the gross tonnage (defined in general note for series Q 414-505) the spaces occupied b y the propelling machinery, fuel, crew quarters, master's cabin, and navigation spaces. It represents, substantially, space available for cargo and passengers. It is the usual basis for tonnage taxes and port charges. The net tonnage capacity of a ship recorded as "entered with cargo" may bear little relation to actual weight of cargo. Gross tonnage and net tonnage are both measures of cubic capacity, not of weight, 100 cubic feet equaling 1 ton. These terms should not be confused with the cargo ton of 2,000 pounds. Tonnage figures shown in series Q 507 and Q 513 for U.S. vessels entered and cleared, respectively, in foreign trade are greater than the total tonnage of U.S. vessels documented for the foreign trade because the "entered" and "cleared" series include tonnage for each vessel as often as it "enters" or "clears" each year. The documented tonnage, series Q 418, includes the tonnage of each vessel once for each year. These figures include the tonnage of all types of watercraft engaged in the foreign trade, whether entering or clearing with cargo or in ballast, which are required to make formal entrance and clearance under U.S. customs regulations. Vessels engaged in trade on the Great Lakes with Canada as well as in trade with Mexico are also included. Vessels touching at a U.S. port in distress or for other temporary causes without discharging cargo, and Army and Navy vessels carrying no commercial cargo, are not required b y customs regulations to enter or clear and thus are not included in the figures. Vessels are reported as entered at the first port in the United States at which entry is made, regardless of whether any cargo is unladen at that port; arrivals at subsequent ports are not counted. Vessels are reported as cleared from the last port in the United States where loading of outward cargo is completed or where the vessel cleared in ballast; departures from prior ports are not counted. Q 506-508. Vessels entered, all ports, 1789-1970. Source: 1789-1820, Fred J. Guetter and Albert E. McKinley, Statistical Tables Relating to the Economic Growth of the United States, McKinley Publishing Co., Philadelphia, 1924, p. 39 (copyright). 1821-1879, U.S. Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, p. 93. 1880-1940, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1880-1888, 1908 edition, p. 286; 1889-1916, 1916 edition, p. 338; 1917-1930, 1931 edition, p. 474; 1931-1940, 191,7 edition, p. 558. (See general note for series Q 413-564 for the various agencies which have issued the Statistical Abstract.) 1941-1946, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States, various issues; 1947-1970, same agency, Vessel Entrances and Clearances, Summary Report F T 975, various issues, and unpublished data. 746 Q 512-514. Vessels cleared, all ports, 1821-1970. Source: See sources cited for specific periods for series Q 506-508. The following page numbers apply, respectively, to the sources cited for 1821-1940: 93, 287, 475, 558, and 592. Q 515. Total vessels cleared at seaports, 1840-1970. Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States. 1840 and 1850, 1946 edition, p. 546; 1853-1879, 1881 edition, p. 138. 1880-1970, see source for series Q 506-508. Q 516-517. U.S. and foreign vessels cleared at seaports, 1857-1970. Source: 1857-1879, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1881, p. 136; 1880-1970, see source for series Q 506-508. Q 518-523. Value of waterborne imports and exports (including reexports) of merchandise, 1790-1970. Source: 1790-1820, see source for series Q 506-508; 1821-1858, U.S. Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, p. 91; 1859-1935, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1859-1866,1895 edition, pp. 399-400; 1867-1912,1913 edition, pp. 318-319; 1913-1923,1924 edition, p. 417; 1924-1935,1946 edition, p. 552. (See general note for series Q 413-564 for the various agencies which have issued the Statistical Abstract.) U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1943-1946, Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States, annual issues, 1947-1950, Waterborne Trade by United States Port, F T 972, annual issues, 1951-1970, Waterborne Foreign Trade Statistics, F T 985, annual issues (title changed to U.S. Waterborne Foreign Trade in July 1965). The primary source of figures for 1790-1820 is J. R . Soley, " T h e Maritime Industries of America," The United States of America (N. S. Shaler, Editor), vol. II, 1894, pp. 522-527, 534, 536, 538. The report gives the percent of imports and exports in U.S. vessels. Guetter and McKinley (cited above for series Q 506-508) have derived absolute figures b y applying these percentages to total imports and exports of merchandise and specie. The primary source of figures for 1821-1935 is Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States, annual issues. Starting with 1943, import or export statistics by method of transportation, showing shipping weight as well as dollar value, have been compiled b y the Bureau of the Census. See also general note for series U 187-352. Q 524-529. Tonnage of waterborne imports and exports, by flag of carrier vessel, 1921-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1921-1945, Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States, annual issues; 1946-1957, releases and unpublished data; 1958-1970, Statistical Abstract of the United States, various issues. Excludes cargoes (small in the aggregate) carried by ships of less than 100 tons gross capacity prior to 1946. Beginning 1946, excludes Army and N a v y cargo, and includes Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. Beginning July 1950, excludes commodities classified for security reasons as "special category." From July 1953 to December 1955 and July 1956 through December 1962, exports exclude shipments under $500 in value regardless of shipping weight; for January- Q 414-505 WATER TRANSPORTATION June 1956, exports exclude shipments under $1,000. For 1963 and later years, exports exclude shipments to Canada individually valued under $2,000 and to other countries under $500. Under $100 shipments are excluded for all years. Beginning 1954, imports exclude shipments under 2,000 pounds shipping weight regardless of value, as well as shipments valued at less than $100 regardless of shipping weight. For January 1960 through June 1965, imports exclude formal entry shipments valued at less than $100 and informal entry shipments valued under $251. For July-December 1965 and later years, imports exclude all shipments under $251. Q 548-552. Q 530-541. 1970. Q 553-555. 1970. Waterborne cargo tonnage, foreign and domestic, 1924- Source: U.S. Corps of Engineers, 1924-1946, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, part 2; 1947-1970, Waterborne Commerce of the United States, 1971, part 5, National Summaries, pp. 5 and 6. In 1954, part 2 of the Annual Report was superseded b y a separate publication entitled Waterborne Commerce of the United States (published in several regional parts). Part 5 of this report, National Summaries, presents separate figures for series Q 534-535 for "Canadian" and "overseas." Cargo tonnage refers to the weight of cargo and should not be confused with gross tonnage shown in series Q 417-505 or the net or registered tonnage capacity shown in series Q 506-517, which are measures of cubic capacity, not of weight. See also text for those series. Domestic commerce includes all commercial movements between points in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Traffic with the Canal Zone is treated as foreign commerce. Foreign commerce includes all movements between the United States and foreign countries, and between Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands (considered a single unit) and foreign countries. Trade between U.S. outlying areas (Guam, Wake, American Samoa, etc.) and foreign countries is excluded. "Coastwise" commerce, series Q 537, refers to domestic traffic receiving a carriage over the ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico; and to traffic between Great Lakes ports and seacoast ports, when having a carriage over the ocean. "Lakewise" commerce, series Q 538, refers to traffic between U.S. ports on the Great Lakes System. "Local and intraport" commerce, series Q 539, refers to movements of freight within the confines of a port whether the port has only one or several arms or channels, except car-ferry and general ferry. The term is also applied to marine products, sand, and gravel taken directly from the Great Lakes. "Internal" commerce, series Q 540, covers traffic between ports or landings where the entire movement takes place on inland waterways; movements involving carriage on both inland waterways and waters of the Great Lakes; inland movements that cross short stretches of open waters which link inland systems; marine products, sand, and gravel taken directly from beds of the oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and important arms thereof; and movements between offshore installations and inland waterways. "Intraterritory" commerce, series Q 541, refers to traffic between ports in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, which are considered as a single unit. Q 542-547. Waterborne bulk freight traffic on the Great Lakes, 1900-1970. Source: Lake Carriers' Association, Annual 51-52 and 76-77 (copyright). Report, 1970, pp. Includes tonnage moving to or from Canadian or U.S. lake ports, in Canadian or U.S. bulk carriers. Freight traffic on the Sault Ste. Marie canals, 1855-1900. Source: U.S. Corps of Engineers, Statistical Report of Lake Corrir merce Passing Through Canals at Sault Ste. Marie, 1931. These series include traffic moving through the American and Canadian canals. Figures for later years may be obtained from various issues of Corps of Engineers, Annual Report, part 2, Commercial Statistics. They are not shown here because they pertain only to traffic between Lake Superior and the other lakes; series Q 542-547, therefore, provide more comprehensive totals of Great Lakes traffic. Commercial ocean traffic on the Panama Canal, 1915- Source: 1915-1924, Governor of the Panama Canal, Annual Report, 19i8, p. 10; 1925-1970, Panama Canal Company, Annual Report, various issues (copyright). Does not include U.S. Government traffic. Q 556-557. Tonnage moved on New York State canals, 1837-1970. Source: State of New York, Department of Public Works, Annual Report of the Superintendent, annual issues, and unpublished data. Q 558. Federal expenditures for rivers and harbors, 1822-1970. Source: 1822-1882, Statement of Appropriations and Expenditures for Public Buildings, Rivers and Harbors, Forts, Arsenals, Armories, and Other Public Works from March J,, 1789 to June SO, 1882, U.S. Senate Ex. Doc., vol. 7, No. 196,47th Congress, 1st session (Treasury Department Doc. No. 373), pp. 521-522; 1883-1919, Federal Works Agency, records (compiled from Treasury Department accounts); 1920-1970, U.S. Corps of Engineers, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers on Civil Works Activities, vol. I, annual issues. Figures include expenditures for rivers, harbors, and flood control prior to 1928. In 1928, expenditures for flood control amounted to less than $13,500,000. Figures for 1929-1970 exclude expenditures for flood control. The figures include amounts expended from emergency relief and Public Works Administration funds, 1933-1937, but exclude $5,500,000 for purchase of Cape Cod Canal, 1928, expended by and accounted for by the Treasury Department. Q 559-564. Investment in canals, by region and agency of enterprise, 1815-1860. Source: H. Jerome Cranmer, "Canal Investment, 1815-1860," Studies in Income and Wealth, vol. 24, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1960, pp. 555 and 556. (Copyright, Princeton University Press.) The development of data on annual canal investment was based on an averaging process applied to the experience of a sample of 24 canals for which annual expenditure figures were available. For a list of those canals and description of the estimating operations, see source. Adjusted estimates of annual expenditures were made for every canal or canal system undertaken between 1815 and 1860. Expenditures for river and harbor improvements were not included, nor for slack water navigation except when the expenditures were part of a canal project. The estimates were then aggregated by region and b y agency of enterprise within each region. The regional estimates were then aggregated to provide estimates of annual investment in canals for the entire United States, together with estimates for State and private enterprise. The Northeast consists of the New England and Middle Atlantic States, including Maryland and the District of Columbia. The South encompasses the area south of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers; and the West, the region north of the Ohio River, except that the Louisville and Portland canal which, though actually located in Kentucky, south of the Ohio River, is included in the West region. 747 Q 413-432 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 413. Persons Entering the United States by Ship: 1933 to 1970 [In thousands. For years ending June 30. Persons entering Year Covers persons disembarking, as reported on U.S. Customs Service forms, and differs from series C 315] Persons entering Year 413 413 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 723 728 715 719 767 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 782 i 847 743 677 805 1960 1959* 1958 _ 1957-_ _ _ 1956 _ 1955... _ ._ 1954.__ 1953 _ _ _ _ _ 1952 1951 _ _ _._ Persons entering Year 413 413 773 762 781 848 842 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 762 676 641 548 1,660 1940 1939 1938 _ 1937 1936 843 845 865 900 723 1945 _ __. _ 1944 1943 _ 1942_ _ _ _ __ 1941 1,286 676 389 305 443 1935 1934 1933.. _ . * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. Series Q 414-416. Persons entering Year 1 733 1,019 1,072 1,011 898 812 754 795 Includes Puerto Rico. Employment on U.S. Flag Merchant Vessels—Basic Wage Scale for Abie-Bodied Seamen: 1929 to 1970 [Except as indicated, employment data as of June 30 and wage rate data as of June 16] Date Employment 1 Employment 1 (1,000) (1,000) Date East coast monthly wage rate 4 Date West coast monthly wage rate 4 Date 415 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 37.6 47.5 54.2 54.6 51.9 1965 1964. 1963 1962 1961 2 39.1 48.0 48.0 47.3 2 30.9 1960. 1959 1958 1957 1956 49.2 50.2 51.5 1955 1954. 1953 1952 1951 1950. 67.2 82.1 1949 1948 1947—Dec. 20 1946—June 20 1970—Jan 1969—Jan 1968 1967 1966 110.8 120.1 158.9 125.3 75.0 47.4 51.3 1945—June 20 1944—June 20 1943—June 20 1942_ 1941 61.1 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 49.8 52.0 49.8 59.2 57.2 57.5 55.8 69.1 70.7 69.5 56.6 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 56.2 " 56.3 3 54.6 '52.6 3 57.2 3 62.4 3 63.8 57.2 1 Estimates of personnel employed on U.S. merchant ships, 1,000 gross tons and over. Excludes vessels on inland waterways, Great Lakes, and those owned by, or operated for, the U.S. Army and Navy, and special types such as cable ships, tugs, etc. Series Q 417-432. $470 444 444 423 393 1970—Jan 1969—Jan 1968 1967 1966 $652 600 600 578 558 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 393 393 393 384 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961—Oct 539 522 522 522 522 1960—Jan 1959 1958 1957 1956- 369 353 353 353 333 1960—Oct 1959 1958—Oct___ 1957—Oct 1956—Oct 512 478 478 478 453 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950—Oct. 15. 314 314 314 302 257 248 1955—Nov__. 1954—Oct 1953 1952 1951.._ 1950—Oct. 15. 432 302 314 302 249 249 2 Decrease due to seafaring strike. 3 Average monthly employment. 4 Seamen on both coasts receive extra pay for Saturdays and Sundays at sea. Beginning 1955, West Coast incorporated this extra pay into base wages but East Coast did not. Documented Merchant Vessels, by Major Classes, Material of Which Built, and Trade: 1789 to 1970 [Gross tonnage of documented vessels of 5 tons or more. As of December 31, 1789-1834; September 30, 1835-1842; June 30, 1843-1940; January 1 thereafter] Gross tonnage (1,000) Major classes Year Number of vessels Total Steam Steam and motor, total 418 419 420 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 49,993 49,991 49,545 48,700 47,223 28,613 28.455 27,932 27,251 26,522 19,074 19,433 19,396 (NA) (NA) 16,447 16,868 16,871 (NA) (NA) 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 45,579 44,669 44,077 43,566 43,367 26,516 26,160 25,691 25.456 26,403 19,730 20,018 20,079 20,076 21 175 17,560 17,896 17,987 17,990 19,125 See footnotes at end of table. 748 421 422 423 16,063 16,232 16,226 16,088 17,076 2,170 2,122 2,092 2,085 2,050 Canalboats and barges Metal 4 Wood Foreign Coastwise and internal 425 426 427 428 429 430 6 6 6 (NA) (NA) 9,533 9,016 8,530 (NA) (NA) 8 17 18 18 18 6,778 6,125 5,595 5,362 5,210 25,318 24,900 24,377 24,107 25,028 1,198 1,260 1,314 1,349 1,375 12,628 12,580 12,289 12,393 13,126 13,839 13,276 13,089 12,775 13,260 Diesel Sailing3 and semiDiesel engines 1 424 2,627 2,565 2,525 (NA) (NA) 1,497 1,664 1,760 1,903 2,049 Trade in which engaged Motor Coal Oil Total i burning 1 burning 1 Total 2 417 Material of which built 2,040 1,988 1,952 1,942 1,902 Whale Cod and fish- mackerel eries fisheries 6 432 431 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 WATER TRANSPORTATION Series Q 417-432. Q 417-432 Documented Merchant Vessels, by Major Classes, Material of Which Built, and Trade: 1789 to 1970—Con. Gross tonnage (1,000) Material of which built Major classes Year Number of vessels 417 Total 418 Steam Steam and motor, total Total 1 419 420 Coal burning Trade in which engaged Motor Oil burning Total' Diesel Sailing1 and semiDiesel engines: 424 425 Canalboats and barges Metal 4 Wood Foreign Coastwise and internal Whale fisheries 426 427 428 429 430 431 Cod and mackerel fisheries 5 43 42 41 40 39 088 409 276 191 499 28 28 28 29 29 581 895 586 421 610 23 24 24 25 26 553 333 599 785 251 21,526 22,306 22,696 23,788 24,210 2,125 2,176 2,171 2,190 2,204 19,401 20,131 20,426 21,697 22,005 2,027 2,027 2,002 1,998 2,041 1,876 1,871 1,844 1,836 1,886 23 23 23 24 34 005 539 965 612 326 27,184 27,470 27,118 27,935 28,073 1,397 1,425 1,469 1,486 1,537 14,737 16,206 17,265 17,765 13,833 13,284 12,376 12,154 11,843 39 . . . 39 38 37 36 242 008 072 389 745 29 30 30 30 30 958 764 546 416 341 26 27 27 27 27 792 631 507 459 424 24,706 25,489 25,377 25,356 25,390 2,252 2.321 2,387 2,405 2,441 22,454 23,168 22,990 22,951 22,948 2,086 2,142 2,130 2,103 2,033 1,907 1,960 1,951 1,923 1,865 40 46 55 125 087 984 891 846 28,336 28,982 28,761 28,559 28,417 1,622 1,782 1,786 1,857 1,924 18,143 18,974 19,007 19,280 18,876 11,812 11,787 11,537 11,134 11,462 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 36 35 33 32 31 083 264 843 760 386 31 32 33 37 38 215 182 167 832 501 28 29 30 35 35 327 323 469 149 928 26,273 27,225 28,401 32,941 33,779 2,507 2,543 2,606 2,699 2,884 23,765 24,682 25,796 30,242 30,895 2,055 2,099 2,067 2,208 2,149 1,885 1,932 1,902 2,058 2,002 82 87 87 95 98 806 771 611 588 475 29,263 30,212 31,211 35.897 36,571 1,962 1,969 1,956 1,936 1.929 19,154 20,654 22,021 26,535 29,705 12.048 11,525 11,143 11,294 8,791 1945 1944... 1943 1942 1941 29 28 27 27 27 797 690 612 325 075 32 25 16 13 13 813 795 762 860 722 30 23 14 11 11 247 217 052 072 047 28,669 21,674 12,547 9,704 9,814 2,931 3,014 3,048 2,965 3,058 25,737 18,660 9,499 6,739 6,756 1,578 1,543 1,505 1,369 1,233 1,433 1,392 1,361 1,213 1,075 115 129 142 166 182 452 449 568 621 493 30.898 23,837 14,647 11,641 11,393 1,915 1,959 2,115 2,218 2,329 26,043 18,685 9,285 4,109 3,047 6,766 7,105 7,471 9,744 10,654 1940.. 1939 1938 1937 1936 27 27 27 26 25 212 470 155 588 392 14 14 14 14 14 018 632 651 676 497 11 11 12 12 12 353 952 007 170 267 10,102 10,760 10,835 11,055 11,161 3,159 3,250 3,325 3.322 3,371 6,943 7,510 7,510 7,559 7,617 1,251 1,192 1,172 1,115 1,105 1,090 1,028 1,005 878 867 200 221 261 312 379 466 459 384 194 851 (NA) 12,169 12,130 12,233 12,263 (NA) 2,473 2,521 2,443 2,234 3,638 3,312 3,551 3,833 4,169 10,352 11,288 11,064 10,798 10,300 20 21 21 20 8 11 16 25 28 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931.. 24 24 24 25 25 919 904 868 156 471 14 14 15 15 15 654 862 060 839 908 12 12 12 13 13 535 687 862 568 528 11,433 11,599 11,788 12,499 12,475 3,496 3,539 3,615 3,991 4,103 7,748 7,860 7,971 8,308 8,202 1,102 1,087 1,075 1,069 1,053 841 824 812 810 792 441 500 563 625 673 677 675 635 646 707 12,469 12,601 12,736 13,421 13,344 2,185 10.049 2,324 2,417 2,565 4,560 4.598 4,701 5,071 5,576 9 9 9 7 35 35 37 38 40 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 25 25 25 25 26 214 326 385 778 343 16 16 16 16 17 068 477 680 888 311 13 14 14 14 14 757 162 344 507 848 12,775 13,301 13,614 13,874 14,318 4,209 4,462 4,557 4,919 5,370 8,429 8,751 9,002 8,907 8,895 982 861 730 633 530 715 609 494 397 293 757 825 915 989 1,092 554 490 421 392 371 13,514 13,910 14,064 14,160 14,473 2,554 2,567 2,619 2,728 2,838 6,296 6,906 6,934 7,309 7,719 9,723 9,526 9,706 9,533 9,552 7 7 7 8 3 42 39 36 38 38 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 26 26 27 27 28 367 675 017 358 012 17 17 18 18 18 406 741 285 463 282 14 15 15 15 15 976 315 821 982 745 14,495 14,870 15,426 15,607 15,371 5,512 5,921 6,556 6,908 7,069 8,931 8,947 8,870 8,699 8,302 481 445 397 375 374 254 128 17 16 15 1,125 1,185 1,254 1,288 1,294 304 240 209 193 243 14,499 14,627 14,775 14,805 14,426 2,907 3,114 3,510 3,668 3,856 8,151 8,794 9,069 10,720 11,077 9,216 8,911 9,177 7,703 7,163 4 3 4 4 4 35 32 35 36 37 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 28 27 26 26 26 183 513 711 397 444 16 12 9 8 8 324 907 925 871 470 13 10 7 6 6 823 416 471 433 070 13,466 7,551 5,915 357 24 1,272 1,200 1,210 1,278 1,311 228 292 244 159 089 12,448 9,236 6,814 5,856 5,476 3,876 3,671 3,110 3,015 2,994 9,925 6,665 3.599 2,441 6,358 4 4 4 38 36 38 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 26 26 27 26 25 701 943 070 528 991 8 7 7 7 7 389 929 887 714 639 5 5 5 5 5 944 428 333 180 074 1,384 1,433 1,508 1,539 1,598 061 069 046 996 967 5,305 4,733 4,608 4,433 4,299 3,085 3,196 3,278 3,282 3,340 1,863 1,066 1,019 923 6,486 6,818 6,817 6,737 6,720 1910 1909 1908... 1907 1906 25 25 25 24 25 740 868 425 911 006 7 7 7 6 6 508 389 365 939 675 4 4 4 4 3 900 749 711 279 975 1,655 1,711 1,761 1,814 1,899 952 928 893 845 801 4,117 3,925 3,860 3,438 3,116 3,391 3,464 3,505 3,501 3,560 783 879 930 861 928 6,669 6,451 6,372 6,011 5,674 1905. 1904 1903.. 1902 1901 24 24 24 24 24 681 558 425 273 057 6 6 6 5 5 457 292 087 798 524 3 3 3 3 2 741 595 408 177 921 1,962 1,945 1,966 1,942 1,933 753 751 713 679 670 2,850 2,669 2,440 2,180 1,901 3,607 3,623 3,647 3,618 3,623 944 889 879 873 880 1900 1899 1898 1897. 1896 23 22 22 22 22 333 728 705 633 908 5 4 4 4 4 165 864 750 769 704 2 2 2 2 2 658 476 372 359 307 1,885 1,825 1,836 1,904 1,928 622 563 542 506 468 1,593 1,376 1,224 1,207 1,090 3,572 3,489 3,526 3,562 3,614 1895 1894. 1893 1892 1891 23 23 24 24 23 240 586 512 383 899 4 4 4 4 4 636 684 825 765 685 2 2 2 2 2 213 189 183 074 016 1,965 2,023 2,118 2,178 2,172 458 472 524 512 497 970 930 896 786 742 4 4 4 4 4 424 307 192 106 131 1 1 1 1 1 869 766 648 543 523 2,109 2,099 2,124 2,170 2,210 456 443 419 393 398 627 654 494 475 444 1960 1959 1958 1967 1966 1955 1954 1953... 1952 1951 1890 23 467 1889... 23 623 1888 23 281 1887 23 063 1886 23 534 See footnotes at end of table. 2,261 16,600 2,186 10,220 10,313 10,728 10,286 6,201 6,282 6,393 6,245 3 3 3 2 2 14 9 2 6 3 4 5 6 7 7 9 10 9 9 9 32 34 42 45 46 9 9 47 50 54 57 61 5,442 5,335 6,141 4,859 4,583 11 10 10 60 58 58 57 52 817 837 726 793 830 4,287 3,965 3,960 3,897 3,790 10 11 11 52 51 52 67 69 3,666 3,754 3.930 3,979 3,943 900 883 978 989 3,729 3,696 3,855 3,701 3,610 16 16 69 72 71 69 69 3,798 3,753 3,698 3,631 3,687 928 ,000 919 989 ,088 3,409 3,211 3,172 3,011 2,939 19 68 74 76 80 81 10 10 11 9 10 13 15 17 17 17 22 24 26 23 749 Q 3 8 8 - 4 1 2 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 417-432. Documented Merchant Vessels, by Major Classes, Material of Which Built, and Trade: 1789 to 1970—Con. Gross tonnage (1,000) Number of vessels Year Major classes Total Sailing3 Canalboats and barges Metal 4 Wood Foreign Coastwise and internal Whale fisheries Cod and mackerel fisheries 419 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 1885 1884 1883 . . 1882 1881 23,963 24,082 24,217 24,368 24,065 4,266 4,271 4,235 4,166 4,058 1,495 1,466 1,413 1,356 1,265 2,374 2,414 2,387 2,361 2,350 397 391 436 449 442 1880 1879 1878 1877 . . . 1876 . 24,712 25,211 25,264 25,386 25,934 4,068 4,170 4,213 4,243 4,279 1,212 1,176 1,168 1.171 1.172 2,366 2,423 2,521 2,580 2,609 32,285 32.486 32,672 31,114 29,651 4,854 4,801 4,696 4,438 4,283 1,169 1,186 1,156 1,112 1,088 28,998 27.487 28,167 4,247 4,145 4,352 4,304 4,311 1,075 1,104 1,199 1,192 1,084 1875 1874... 1873 . 1872 1871 . . . 1870 1869 1868 . 1867 1866. Trade in which engaged Steam and motor 418 417 Material of which built 430 387 3,836 3,885 1,263 1,277 1,270 1,259 1,297 2,895 2,884 2,838 2,796 2,646 25 27 32 33 39 83 83 95 78 76 490 571 524 491 498 1,314 1,452 1,589 1,571 1,554 2,638 2.598 2,497 2,540 2.599 38 40 40 41 39 78 80 87 91 88 2,585 2,474 2,883 2,325 2,286 1,100 1,141 1,156 1,001 909 1,516 1,390 1,379 1,359 1,364 3,220 3,293 3,163 2,930 2,765 38 39 45 52 61 80 78 110 98 93 2,363 2,400 2,509 3,113 3,227 808 641 644 1,449 1,496 1,487 1,516 1,388 2,638 2,516 2,702 2,660 2,720 68 70 78 52 105 91 63 84 76 98 Gross tonnage (1,000) Major classes Gross tonnage (1,000) Major classes Trade in which engaged Total Steam and motor Sailing 418 419 425 Total Steam and motor Sailing Foreign Coastwise and internal Whale fisheries Cod and mackerel fisheries 418 419 425 429 430 431 432 5,097 4,986 5,155 5,112 5,540 1,067 978 576 710 877 4,030 4,008 4,580 4,402 4,663 1,518 1,487 1,927 2,174 2,497 3,382 3,245 2,961 2,617 2,705 84 95 99 118 146 113 159 168 204 193 1825 1824 1823 1822 1821 1,423 1,389 1,337 1,325 1,299 22 25 23 23 1,400 1,368 1,312 1,304 1,276 665 637 600 583 594 641 642 618 624 615 5,354 5,145 5,050 4,941 4,872 868 769 729 706 673 4,486 4,376 4,320 4,235 4,199 2,379 2,322 2,301 2,268 2,302 2,645 2,481 2,401 2,337 2,248 167 186 199 196 189 163 157 149 140 132 1820 1819 1818 1817 1816 1,280 1,261 1,225 1,400 1,372 22 17 13 9 6 1,258 1,243 1,213 1,391 1,366 584 581 590 805 801 588 571 549 525 522 5,212 4,803 4,407 4,138 3,772 770 677 605 643 584 4,442 4,126 3,802 3,495 3,189 2,348 2,152 1,910 1,706 1,545 2,543 2,322 2,134 2,056 1,900 187 182 193 194 182 134 147 169 183 146 1815 1814 1813 1812 1811 1,368 1,159 1,167 1,270 1,233 1,365 1,156 1,164 1,268 1,231 854 675 673 759 764 476 466 471 478 420 3,535 3,334 3,154 2,889 2,562 526 462 428 405 348 3,010 2,872 2,726 2,434 2,214 1,440 1,259 1,169 1,047 943 1,798 1,770 1,659 1,489 1,316 146 180 193 194 187 152 125 133 109 116 1810 1809 1808 1807 1806 1,425 1,350 1,243 1,269 1,209 1,424 1,350 1,242 1,268 1,209 981 907 765 840 799 405 405 421 349 341 2,417 2,280 2,159 2,092 2,131 326 272 237 230 175 2,091 2,008 1,922 1,863 1,956 904 900 857 824 788 1,223 1,110 1,076 1,046 1,107 191 169 153 152 157 98 101 73 71 78 1805 1804 1803 1802 1801 1,140 1,042 949 892 948 1,140 1,042 949 892 948 744 661 586 558 631 318 299 290 275 2,181 2,096 1,996 1,897 1,882 202 195 193 155 146 1,978 1,901 1,802 1,742 1,737 763 702 703 683 753 1,177 1,154 1,041 957 873 137 132 125 129 146 104 108 127 127 110 1800 1799 1798 1797 1796 972 939 898 877 832 972 939 898 877 832 667 657 603 598 577 272 247 251 237 218 1,825 1,759 1,606 1,439 1,268 123 123 102 91 69 1,702 1,636 1,504 1,349 1,198 788 749 649 614 538 797 784 744 650 540 98 108 102 73 83 142 117 111 102 107 1795 1794 1793 1792 7 . . . _ 1791 » . . . . 748 629 521 564 502 748 629 521 564 502 529 439 368 411 363 184 163 122 121 106 1,192 1,261 1,741 1,621 1,534 64 54 39 40 34 1,127 1,207 1,702 1,580 1,500 538 593 758 702 696 517 509 843 789 722 40 57 55 46 42 98 102 86 84 74 1790 ' . _ . . 1789 7 ___. 478 202 478 202 346 124 104 69 NA Not available. Z Less than 500 tons. 1 For 1920-1937, tonnage for vessels with electric screw included in total (series Q 420 or Q 423) but excluded from series Q 421, Q 422, and Q 424. Maximum such tonnage included in series Q 420 is 201,246 in 1933 and maximum in series Q 423 is 91,470 in 1934. 2 Includes gasoline engines, not shown separately. 750 Year Trade in which engaged (Z) (Z) Foreign Coastwise and internal Whale fisheries 430 Includes canalboats and barges prior to 1868. Includes iron, steel, composite, concrete, bronze, and aluminum. Beginning 1937, excludes mackerel. Increase due to documentation of 1 large vessel on Atlantic Coast. Figures for 1789 are for ships paying tonnage duties during the last 5 months of the year. Figures for 1790-1792 are for ships paying duties at some time during the year. 3 4 5 6 7 WATER TRANSPORTATION Series Q 433-437. Merchant Vessels Built and Documented, by Type: 1797 to 1964 [Gross tonnage of documented vessels of 5 tons or more. As of December 31, 1797-1834; September 30, 1836-1842; June 30, 1843-1940; January 1 thereafter. Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands] All vessels - 1 1 Gross tonnage Gross tons Steam and motor Sailing ' Canalboats and barges 433 434 435 436 437 867 942 821 620 910 809 431 287 265 460 419 388 850 442 586 927 271 874 272 801 359 011 016 421 296 064 358 288 206 109 538 608 277 670 398 443 681 99 6 94 601 482 401 231 961 361 751 360 — — 277 405 430 336 293 283 220 156 124 143 024 766 527 247 250 041 291 517 082 761 91 109 92 81 38 55 22 92 39 60 61 005 863 084 206 717 369 603 041 534 654 126 - 949 1,180 1,390 1,582 1,385 1,116 1,186 1,190 990 992 629 791 836 585 445 400 589 633 437 308 295 640 799 048 617 076 317 966 378 825 352 385 406 248 152 117 369 477 313 165 861 978 1,118 1,259 1,275 1,744 1,723 1,901 1,108 703 705 194 195 200 267 548 6,313 8,032 10,431 4,543 647 446 370 190 290 331 262 977 009 734 946 097 894 103 85 108 186 509 6,258 8,009 10,339 4,504 586 385 319 673 753 1,939 1,207 748 724 642 722 1,302 193 339 237 471 224 62 66 190 212 386 229 899 374 364 084 919 649 803 892 906 1,020 808 969 917 924 967 1,049 770 845 1,361 254 128 257 245 224 199 223 335 661 2,265 296 976 180 144 673 846 968 791 232 115 172 75 172 181 140 141 145 241 597 2,071 969 725 901 504 586 053 493 802 137 221 210 797 230 326 263 2,869 914 17,442 25,459 91,743 81 52 84 63 83 55 77 76 38 102 117 454 049 314 824 924 561 547 636 151 2,067 1,953 1,528 1,297 937 1,157 1,151 1,475 1,505 1,422 3,880 3,326 1,300 664 325 225 316 346 232 291 639 621 868 479 413 122 250 155 669 162 3,660 3,157 1,090 513 250 154 224 243 153 227 023 091 996 243 125 990 225 408 493 231 132,184 79,234 83,629 43,185 14,765 8,021 13,749 28,610 21,221 10,092 88 90 126 108 60 62 78 74 57 53 432 296 243 051 523 111 276 137 955 839 1,361 1,247 1,457 1,157 1,221 1,012 1,184 1,311 1,491 1,580 342 238 614 471 418 330 378 436 468 483 068 090 216 332 745 316 542 152 831 489 257 148 481 365 315 197 255 271 308 273 993 208 624 405 707 702 744 781 178 591 19,358 28,950 31,981 24,907 35,209 79,418 64,908 89,979 97,698 126,165 64 60 100 81 67 53 57 74 62 83 717 932 611 020 829 196 890 392 955 733 1,447 1,273 952 891 723 694 838 956 1,395 1,384 393 300 180 232 227 111 131 211 199 369 790 038 458 233 097 602 195 639 633 302 202 151 105 106 138 69 83 134 92 185 528 058 838 154 029 754 720 368 531 037 116,460 98,073 34,416 64,308 65,236 34,900 37,827 49,348 83,217 144,290 74 50 40 61 23 6 9 27 23 39 802 907 204 771 832 948 648 923 885 975 1,051 1,077 1,014 844 715 920 1,190 1,268 1,371 1,108 294 231 218 150 95 159 225 265 282 280 123 134 087 450 453 056 514 430 270 459 159 159 142 100 44 84 91 107 121 118 046 318 007 074 468 333 328 229 843 070 102,873 50,570 48,590 34,633 41,238 65,362 120,621 137,046 118,798 81,209 32 21 27 15 9 9 13 21 41 81 204 246 490 743 747 361 565 155 629 180 172 433 269 188 (NA) 113 661 59 020 30 341 26 916 168 488 164 620 212 996 Represents zero. NA Not available. Includes canalboats and barges prior to 1868. Jan. 1-Dec. 31. — — 8 24 10 28 — - 7 39 - 16 7 — 129 23 14 — 87 (NA) 17 22 71 79 50 33 46 18 52 20 779 70 689 (NA) 357 632 164 985 32 528 39 700 22 269 48 254 173 858 Year Includes Alaska, Gross tonnage All vessels Number of vessels 1,651 1,365 1,175 877 Q 414-505 Number of vessels Gross tons Steam and motor Sailing 1 Canalboats and 433 434 435 436 437 1880 1879 1878 1877 1876 1875_ 1874 1873 1872 1871 902 1,132 1,258 1,029 1,112 1,301 2,147 2,261 1,643 1,755 157 193 235 176 203 297 432 359 209 273 410 031 504 592 586 639 725 246 052 227 78,854 86,361 81,860 47,514 69,251 62,460 101,930 88,011 62,210 87,842 59,057 66,867 106,066 106,331 118,672 206,884 216,316 144,629 76,291 97,179 1870 1869 1868 1867_ 1866_ 1865 1864 1863 1862_ 1861.- 1,618 1,726 1,802 1,518 1,898 1,789 2,388 1,816 864 1,146 276 275 285 305 336 394 415 311 175 233 953 230 304 594 146 523 740 045 076 194 70,621 65,066 63,940 72,010 125,183 146,433 147,499 94,233 55,449 60,986 146,340 149,029 142,742 233,584 210,963 248,090 268,241 216,812 119,627 172,208 I860. 1859. 1858 1857 1856 1855 1854 1853 1852 1851 1,071 875 1,241 1,443 1,703 2,024 1,774 1,710 1,444 1,357 214 156 244 378 469 583 535 425 351 298 798 602 712 804 393 450 616 572 493 203 69,370 35,305 65,374 74,459 74,865 78,127 91,037 109,402 98,624 78,197 145,428 121,297 179,338 304,345 394,528 505,323 444,579 316,170 252,869 220,006 1850. 1849 1848 1847 1846 1845 1844__ 1843 4 1842 1841 1,360 1,547 1,851 1,598 1,420 1,038 766 482 1,021 761 272 256 318 243 188 146 103 63 129 118 218 577 075 732 203 018 537 617 083 893 56,911 61,241 66,652 53,979 51,778 40,926 30,976 17,624 29,158 27,941 215,307 195,336 251,423 189,753 136,425 105,092 72,561 45,992 99,925 90,950 1840 1839 1838 1837 1836. 1835 4 1834 1833 1832 1831 871 899 913 972 911 725 957 1,187 1,065 712 118 125 115 125 116 75 118 161 144 85 309 260 905 913 230 107 389 492 544 556 19,811 34,219 23,607 33,811 26,630 12,347 13,905 12,620 17,386 11,437 98,498 91,041 92,298 92,102 89,600 62,760 104,484 148,872 127,158 74,119 1830 1829 1828 1827 1826 1825 1824.. 1823 1822 1821 648 796 886 951 1,033 1,000 793 630 639 519 58 79 98 106 130 116 92 75 77 57 560 408 964 456 373 464 798 857 569 275 8,269 10,281 5,881 11,010 12,818 9,171 5,216 3,766 1,861 3,017 50,291 69,127 93,083 95,446 117,555 107,293 87,582 72,091 75,708 54,258 1820 1819 1818 1817 1816. 1815 1814 1813 1812__ 1811 557 876 923 1,087 1,431 1,329 490 371 (NA) (NA) 51 86 87 87 135 155 29 32 85 146 394 670 346 626 186 579 751 583 148 691 5,572 5,824 3,695 2,543 2,926 546 593 1,140 118 1,145 45,822 80,846 83,651 85,083 132,260 155,033 29,158 31,443 85,030 145,546 1810 1809 1808 s 1807 1806 _ . 1805 1804 _ 1803 1802 1801 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 127 575 91 397 31 755 99 783 126 093 128 507 103 753 88 448 (NA 1 124 755 1800 1799 1798 1797 995 767 635 106 77 49 56 261 921 435 679 - 458 182 78 127,575 90,939 31,673 99,705 126,093 128,507 103,753 88,448 (NA) 124,755 106,261 77,921 49,435 56,679 »July 1, 1939-June 30, 1940. 4 9-month period. G Figures by class of vessel do not add to the total for this year. 751 Q 438-458 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 438-448. Merchant Vessels Completed by U.S. Shipyards: 1914 to 1970 Represents self-propelled steel vessels of 2,000 gross tons and over for domestic use. [Tons in thousands. Passenger-cargo /transport Merchant vessels Year Cargo Gross tons Number Gross tons Deadweight tons Number Gross tons Deadweight tons Number Gross tons Deadweight tons 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 13 22 21 12 13 13 15 35 27 25 342 418 319 143 146 173 213 418 392 369 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 26 30 30 19 8 9 39 45 31 10 410 714 572 297 113 119 585 570 399 148 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 26 33 24 39 83 1,041 1,463 1,661 724 95 405 541 159 247 646 7,615 11,403 12,486 5,393 749 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 53 28 24 15 8 2 2 4 15 14 445 241 181 122 63 19 10 50 145 151 4 13 9 50 129 109 32 83 85 — 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 18 8 7 19 8 12 12 18 19 183 164 65 72 155 54 84 84 117 168 1,359 5 2 3 7 5 3 7 7 3 22 50 24 44 51 29 19 44 34 41 256 39 20 37 27 16 11 20 26 34 243 2 5 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 467 723 414 125 74 24 26 2,396 3,370 1,770 642 370 128 135 12 2 5 1 1 3 1 100 10 30 10 6 20 3 111 11 24 10 7 13 1 Represents Tanker Number 1970 1969 1968— 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 - Excludes Alaska and Hawaii] — — — - — — — — 1; 1 6 1 - <i 51 14 31 10 - - 5 61 35 - - — — _ 1 4 — - 1 — — 4 4 101 47 1 1 6 2 _ 6 4 57 24 „ - 7 8 3 222 201 63 427 381 113 2 4 6 3 7 1 21 52 95 117 113 179 36 92 166 200 186 298 163 73 67 6 15 95 159 324 289 43 11 26 21 16 6 2 27 22 8 4 276 668 463 289 106 35 475 354 127 71 456 1,095 759 457 169 55 764 555 202 116 23 33 6 3 8 188 240 231 61 28 378 541 52 19 82 1,770 2,486 2,163 612 268 609 863 88 36 121 2,787 3,955 3,420 982 434 16 11 18 15 8 2 149 119 142 122 63 19 238 193 228 192 105 30 6 14 18 12 12 11 10 23 23 18 120 217 256 143 125 121 104 250 265 190 134 247 291 150 161 154 123 289 303 224 15 3 5 3 2 7 11 22 17 4 134 40 48 8 7 84 106 212 170 29 . 3 27 44 U 17 159 224 729 7,206 11,858 14,921 6,843 598 - - - 1 8 9 46 48 20 11 6 15 74 77 509 461 220 102 58 68 85 311 330 180 81 57 28 66 807 1,175 1,410 652 61 92 154 487 5,336 8,455 10,103 4,679 423 6 3 69 30 61 20 31 14 6 227 92 39 335 128 56 — — - - — - — — — — — — — - — — — — — - 2 — - — 10 15 2 - 16 22 42 Y0 104 26 92 48 110 156 485 97 9 28 30 9 161 15 44 50 15 1 2 6 104 7 16 48 786 23 71 1,158 2,696 4,680 2,283 627 300 131 130 80 42 34 32 24 4 8 538 273 232 218 163 20 45 778 395 339 314 247 30 67 24 49 9 10 57 16 65 34 68 78 317 375 679 375 92 49 17 17 1,758 3,086 1,508 414 201 88 88 4 — Series Q 449-458. Year 1968: 1967: 1966: — i1 Shipbuilding in Private Shipyards—Summary: 1949 to 1970 Covers steel self-propelled vessels of 1,000 tons or over] Naval vessels Commercial vessels 1969: — zero. [Tons in thousands; gross tons for commercial vessels, light displacement tons for naval vessels. 1970: — 5 - 16 33 9 2 9 — — 11 1 4 3 1 - — — — — — — — — — Tons Tons.. Tons. Tons Tons Under construction Jan. 1 Dec. 31 449 450 49 1,388 63 1,495 64 1,211 48 596 45 513 See footnotes at end of table. 752 49 i1,609 49 1,388 63 1,495 64 i 1,211 48 596 Contracted for Launched 451 452 13 580 8 309 23 613 29 740 16 244 Delivered 453 11 322 13 271 27 454 15 182 11 134 13 370 22 416 24 329 13 162 13 161 Under construction Jan. 1 Dec. 31 454 455 108 621 133 701 134 686 147 745 106 573 Contracted for 456 82 588 108 621 133 701 134 686 147 745 Launched 1 458 457 6 132 6 80 15 153 8 50 54 246 Delivered 23 117 28 142 26 138 15 137 25 129 32 166 31 159 16 138 21 109 13 74 Q 506-517 WATER TRANSPORTATION Series Q 449-458. Shipbuilding in Private Shipyards—Summary: 1949 to 1970—Con. [Tons in thousands; gross tons for commercial vessels, light displacement tons for naval vessels] Naval vessels Commercial vessels Under construction Year Jan. 1 Dec. 31 449 450 451 452 453 457 458 59 410 52 334 55 335 46 273 55 284 19 115 13 63 17 78 14 100 22 87 16 170 15 66 15 56 15 39 17 110 12 39 16 64 8 24 23 114 9 49 3 48 31 473 41 516 37 428 10 146 8 105 38 564 45 570 31 397 10 148 44 307 31 212 45 254 31 158 11 45 43 253 44 303 31 219 45 254 32 214 13 93 26 138 2 16 18 107 22 170 13 73 14 132 16 41 8 33 7 30 14 146 13 48 16 51 6 14 1 765 26 422 39 631 26 415 34 539 11 42 21 194 11 42 11 42 — — — — — - - 18 196 7 122 4 19 27 478 77 987 39 636 71 1,130 29 401 40 661 16 181 5 72 2 2 2 _ _ _ 7 58 Tonnages revised. Gross Tonnage of Merchant Vessels Built and Documented, by Region: 1817 to 1936 [Documented vessels of 5 tons or more. As of December 31, 1817-1834; September 30, 1835-1842; June 30 thereafter] Seaboard Total 456 52 334 55 335 46 281 55 286 42 247 Represents zero. Adjusted to account for major changes made during construction. Year Delivered 25 404 32 717 31 573 23 320 9 126 25 315 15 210 48 680 92 1,303 96 1,251 Series Q 459-466. 455 Launched 18 122 21 108 17 81 15 76 16 173 15 225 48 672 92 1,298 96 1,222 29 411 1950: Number Tons 1949: Number. Tons... 454 Contracted for 15 102 22 133 23 125 18 79 13 69 31 471 28 587 32 719 26 389 12 156 1955: Number ._ Tons 1954: Number Tons- _ . 1953: Number - Tons. _ _1952: Number . Tons 1951: Number Tons. . Dec. 31 23 158 39 195 29 148 19 99 24 132 23 270 19 196 22 176 35 751 68 1,715 60 979 75 1,514 93 2,156 84 1,855 25 312 Jan. 1 106 573 101 537 83 450 71 385 67 362 58 844 60 954 75 1,543 93 2,172 84 1,902 1960: Number . Tons 1959: Number-- Tons _ 1958: Number Tons 1957: Number. Tons. 1956: Number Tons 2 Under construction 101 537 83 450 71 383 67 362 59 403 18 203 16 223 34 422 27 385 25 369 2 45 513 47 550 45 517 54 648 66 859 Delivered 17 221 20 239 18 261 37 429 20 320 47 550 45 517 54 648 66 859 57 789 1 Launched 16 166 18 244 25 291 15 174 34 438 1965: Number - __ Tons 1964: Number. Tons 1963: Number. . . Tons... 1962: Number.. Tons. 1961: Number- Tons. ... - Contracted for New England coast MidAtlantic and Gulf coasts Pacific coast Seaboard Northern lakes and western rivers Year Total New England coast 459 1936 175,398 711 166,671 8,016 48,686 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 49,054 49,946 181,593 195,529 355,771 1,910 862 25,851 52,163 26,639 38,452 37,390 151,823 133,625 287,884 8,692 11,694 3,919 9,741 41.248 13,865 16,703 9,210 17,363 31,135 1930. 1929 1928. 1927 1926 193,116 104,769 181,681 176,207 159,658 18,601 12,766 11,434 6,574 4,995 143,656 71,750 146,532 124,068 131,994 30,859 20,253 23,715 45,565 22,669 61,180 24,207 75,499 68,937 65,015 1925. 1924 1923 1922 1921 123,933 145,837 262,769 637,708 2,147,555 5,615 3,174 13,057 56,973 150,745 76,784 106,414 199,026 448,197 1,383,185 41,534 36.249 50,686 132,538 613,625 75,913 78,131 73,022 23,524 117,560 1920. 1919 1918 1917. 1916 3,475,872 2,815,733 1,080,437 518,958 275,749 208,023 177,758 88,302 52,526 37,568 1,931,514 1,274,472 473,698 298,958 188,550 1,336,335 1,363,503 518,437 167,474 49,631 404,767 510,888 220,431 145,521 49,664 1915. 1914 1913 1912 1911 203,156 251,700 247,318 136,485 190,612 18,551 14,985 27,131 23,052 23,653 152,906 200,220 175,523 81,329 139,725 31,699 36,495 44,664 32,104' 27,234 21,966 64,550 98,837 96,184 100,550 MidAtlantic and Gulf coasts Pacific coast Northern lakes and western rivers 461 462 463 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 167.829 131,748 266,937 219,753 146,883 23,442 27,237 70,903 44,428 32,311 127,517 81,752 138,984 140,134 94,311 16,870 22,759 57,050 35,191 20,261 174,239 106,342 347,279 251,579 271,862 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 230,716 208,288 288,196 290,122 291,516 119,377 51,417 66,973 75,852 82,971 91,224 135,263 177,887 161,211 153,977 20,115 21,608 43,336 53,059 54,568 99,600 170,254 147,956 178,709 191,973 1900 1899 1898 1897 1896 249,006 196,120 112,879 103,504 102,544 72,179 68,761 23,944 21,942 39,582 135,473 85,825 39,146 74,067 52,143 41,354 41,534 49,789 7,495 10,819 144,784 103,918 67,579 128,729 124,553 1895 1894 1893 1892 1891 67,127 80,099 102.830 138,863 237,462 26,783 28,665 37,091 60,624 105,491 33,200 46,042 52,018 57,469 112,901 7,144 5,392 13,721 20,770 19,070 44,475 51,096 108,809 60,770 131,840 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886 169,091 111,852 105,125 83,061 64,458 78,577 39,983 33,813 24,035 30,624 78,179 53,930 49,356 49,886 27,920 12,335 17,939 21,956 9,140 5,914 125,032 119,282 112,962 67,389 30,995 See footnotes at end of table. 753 Q 459-472 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 459-466. Gross Tonnage of Merchant Vessels Built and Documented, by Region: 1817 to 1936—Con. Seaboard Year Total New England coast Mid-Atlantic and Gulf coasts Pacific coast Northern lakes and western rivers 459 460 461 462 463 1885.. 1884.. 1883.. 1882.. 1881.. 121,010 178,419 210,349 188,084 125,766 48,128 84,046 110,226 93,965 54,488 61,844 83,763 83,385 78,342 69,861 11,038 10,620 16,738 15,777 11,417 38,046 47,095 55,081 94,186 154,693 1880- 1879187818771876- 101,720 115,683 155.138 132,996 163,826 46,374 65,874 90,386 90,992 95,288 46,403 48,602 53,419 29,286 51,716 8,943 11,207 11,333 12,718 16,822 56,690 77,348 80,366 43,596 39,760 187618741873.. 18721871.. 244,474 277,093 218.139 128,097 156,249 151,497 136,251 76,406 46,269 64,366 79,549 129,9*3 136,258 79,552 86,559 13,428 10,859 5,475 2,276 6,324 53,165 155,632 141,107 80,955 116,978 18701869.. 18681867 i 1866- 182,836 191,194 173,722 229,583 232,788 110,584 103,604 98,915 135,189 121,336 59,632 72,058 67,956 90,070 106,329 12,720 16,532 6,851 4,324 6,124 94,117 84,036 111,582 73,945 103,358 1865 i 18641863 i 1862.. 1861- 280,899 328,710 215,410 112,486 181,586 135,253 112,615 79,578 45,597 104,678 141,830 211,242 133,161 64,366 72,192 3,816 4,853 2,671 2,524 4,716 102,910 87,030 95,474 62,689 51,608 18601859 i 1858 i 1857.. 1866.. 169,836 134,499 177,799 285,681 369,679 134,289 79,816 103,864 183,686 262,974 33,624 53,127 71,811 100,810 116,343 2,023 2,056 2,124 1,185 362 44,962 23,103 64,487 93,123 99,714 1866- 505,450 454,933 357,233 301,274 265,378 326,431 289,599 222,791 179,804 133,351 176,901 164,311 134,291 121,470 181,967 2,118 1,023 151 78,000 80,683 68,339 50,218 32,825 1850.. 1849.. 1848.. 1847.. 1846.. 248,865 209,189 264,268 106,374 88,962 118,155 80,873 67,224 122 149,571 142,369 120,237 146,113 104,745 82,347 184618441843 ». 116,443 71,832 53,220 63,837 36,268 26,612 52,606 36,564 26,708 185418531852.. 1851.. 186,618 70 23,363 47,388 53,807 58,114 38,632 29,575 31,705 10,397 1 Figures for these years do not add to series Q 434. ' 9-month period. Series Q 467-472. Year 1842. 1841. 1840. Total New England coast Mid-Atlantic and Gulf coasts 459 460 461 109,100 104,268 110,683 64,237 63,771 65,189 Northern lakes and western rivers 19,983 14,625 7,626 44,863 40,497 46,494 ALTERNATIVE SERIES The Coast > Year Western lakes and rivers New England .States > 464 466 1850. 1849. 1848. 1847 1846 1845. 1844. 1843. 1842. 1841. 247,847 217,264 262,581 185,493 149,332 116,156 71,732 90,017 108,302 103,576 24,372 39,313 55,495 58,240 38,872 29,862 31,805 26,293 20,782 15,318 142,367 120,234 146,111 104,682 82,347 63,835 36,268 46,251 66,234 63,770 1840. 1839. 1838. 1837. 1836. 1835. 1834. 1833 1832. 1831. 109,706 107,232 100,074 98,997 98,130 101,906 105,683 153,456 130,064 80,541 8,603 13,757 13,061 23,990 16,497 14,072 12,647 8,171 14,475 5,222 65,189 59,204 53,054 51,981 68,330 60,054 61,779 95,143 100,585 49,793 1830. 1829. 52,686 71,055 95,349 99,343 121,908 112,616 89,166 73,942 75,242 65,607 5,398 6,044 3,027 5,000 4,530 2,381 1,773 1,066 105 249 24,169 38,117 54,282 57,156 72,668 65,616 52,446 42,725 44,206 36,651 47,696 79,551 82,232 85,144 88 267 189 1,250 29,353 50,614 48,823 46,605 1828. 1827. 1826. 1825 1824. 1823. 1822. 1821. 1820. 1819. 1818. 1817. 1 Figures for New England States included in series Q 464 " T h e Coast.' Vessels Repaired or Converted in Private Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Yards: 1943 to 1970 All vessels Year Seaboard Vessels under 1,000 gross tons Number Yards reporting 1 Number Yards reporting 467 468 469 470 Vessels over 1,000 gross tons Number All vessels Yards reporting Year Number Vessels under 1,000 gross tons Vessels over 1,000 gross tons Yards reporting 1 Number Yards reporting Number Yards reporting 468 469 470 471 472 1970 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966 39,200 36,000 37,200 37,400 33,100 122 126 128 130 135 26,800 22,120 24,300 24,500 19,600 110 116 114 112 110 12,400 13,880 12,900 12,900 13,600 75 78 81 85 76 1955 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951 35,413 39,870 44,663 42,774 38,513 144 154 163 131 138 21,122 24,458 27,006 20,878 20,307 130 136 142 113 123 14,291 15,412 17,667 21,896 18,106 89 99 106 82 59 1965. 1964 1963 1962 1961 35,600 37.500 39,990 42,686 36,816 136 146 139 151 122 22,900 26,777 27,804 29,912 26,027 117 132 129 137 106 12,700 10,723 12,186 12,774 10,789 93 93 102 95 73 1950. 1949 1948 1947 1946. 33,287 27,441 30,937 30,888 38,091 118 114 105 102 126 17,993 15,135 14,651 12,866 19,462 111 103 97 84 107 16,294 12,306 16,286 18,022 18,629 80 69 70 67 87 1960 1969 1958 1967 1956 37,774 37.501 42,809 40,827 45,555 159 149 154 152 165 24,991 24,837 28,331 26,106 29,401 132 130 134 139 144 12,783 12,664 14,478 14,721 16,154 93 87 88 82 93 1945. 1944. 1943. 23,558 22,014 22,957 1 Not additive. 754 23,558 22,014 22,957 WATER TRANSPORTATION Series Q 473-480. Q 506-517 Merchant Vessels Launched and Owned—World and United States: 1895 to 1970 [Vessels of 100 gross tons and over. Excludes sailing ships, nonpropelled craft, and all ships built of wood. Figures for 1895 to 1935 represent annual average 5-year span beginning with the year shown; for example, the figure shown for 1895 is the annual average for 1895 to 1899, that for 1900, the annual average for 1900 to 1904, etc] Launched Owned Launched Year World United States World Launched Owned Year Owned Launched Owned Number Gross tons (1,000) Number Gross tons (1,000) Number Gross tons (1,000) Number Gross tons (1,000) 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 990 899 840 741 655 3,489 3,126 2,303 2,093 2,108 27,922 27,194 26,479 (NA) (NA) 83,996 81,954 79,714 (NA) (NA) 4,531 4,605 4,807 (NA) (NA) 27,404 27,707 29,060 (NA) (NA) 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1,311 1,690 2,067 1,285 489 7,189 11,157 13,881 7,812 2,487 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 1940 1939 1935 1930 1925 1920 495 | 1 040 484 873 942 1,754 2 595j 1,020 2,469 2,582 (NA) 31,186 30,979 32,713 32,905 31,484 (NA) 69,440 64,886 69,608 65,638 57,281 (NA) 11,874 12,773 13,947 15,314 15,997 1915 1910 1905 1900 1895 1,637 1,426 1,474 1,611 1,205 4,616 2,588 2,218 2,354 1,844 30,643 29,943 29,574 27,840 30,288 49,246 41,884 35,949 28,957 25,086 5,846 5,018 3,996 2,750 2,165 Number Gross tons (1,000) Number Gross tons (1,000) Number Gross tons (1,000) Number Gross tons (1,000) 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 2,700 2,819 2,798 2,778 2,561 21,690 19,315 16,908 15,780 14,307 50,472 48,246 45,343 42,234 40,822 227,138 211,294 193,770 181,709 170,730 150 174 199 231 191 338 400 441 242 167 2,822 2,972 3,049 3,115 3,140 18,423 19,507 19,623 20,286 20,750 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 2,280 2,147 2,001 1,901 1,990 12,216 10,264 8,539 8,375 7,940 39,628 38,602 37,310 36,364 35,465 159,979 152,584 145,438 139,549 135,477 130 80 78 90 56 270 276 294 449 343 3,224 3,344 3,506 3,542 3,728 21,478 22,380 23,082 23,220 24,184 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 2,020 1,808 1,936 1,950 1,815 8,356 8,746 9,270 8,501 6,670 34,056 33,924 32,857 31,421 30,620 129,339 124,494 117,578 109,778 104,720 60 47 64 54 50 485 597 732 359 169 3,845 3,964 4,054 4,116 4,157 24,781 25,227 25,526 25,843 26,074 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1,437 1,223 1,134 1,065 1,002 5,315 5,251 5,095 4,394 3,639 29,967 100,069 29,766 96,899 29,174 92,826 28,751 89,636 28,374 86,678 26 46 68 64 58 73 477 528 468 164 4,225 4,404 4,431 4,458 4,484 26,343 27,252 27,144 27,139 27,226 NA United States I / 51 66 49 61 95 437 633 126 163 501 880 1,237 1,620 861 184 5,968 9,332 11,577 5,671 1,035 167 11 "7 117 579 25 74 99 83 159 315 (NA) 3,270 3,585 4,105 4,790 5,381 605 140 206 242 155 2,217 222 352 347 200 3,180 3,380 3,467 3,135 3,200 244 ( Not available. Series Q 481-486a. Tin thousands of tons. Year Documented Merchant Vessels, by Geographic Region: 1816 to 1965 Gross tonnage of documented vessels of 5 net tons or more. As of December 31, 1789-1834; September 30, 1835-1842; June 30, 1843-1940; January 1 thereafter] Total seaboard New England coast MidAtlantic and Gulf coasts 1 Pacific coast 2 Northern lakes Western rivers 481 482 483 484 485 486 4,356 4,405 4,537 4,533 5,313 1,878 1,858 1,932 2,056 2,121 3,208 2,820 2,676 2,389 2,218 1930 19291928 1927 1926 13,131 13,527 13,728 13,914 14,306 1925 1924 1923-.1922 1921 Year Total seaboard New England coast MidAtlantic and Gulf coasts 1 Pacific coast 2 Northern lakes Western rivers 481 482 483 484 485 486 798 815 878 918 936 9,106 9,447 9,494 9,747 10,079 3,227 3,264 3,355 3,249 3,290 2,758 2,771 2,773 2,805 2,844 178 179 182 168 161 14,390 14,785 15,388 15,604 15,320 953 1,014 1,113 984 920 10,165 10,344 10,780 11,147 10,932 3,282 3,428 3,496 3,474 3,468 2,853 2,791 2,758 2,724 2,840 162 164 138 135 122 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 21,430 21,482 21,083 21,010 22,064 1960. 1959. 1958. 1957. 1956. 24,708 25,577 25,520 26,605 26,952 814 827 898 1,007 1,091 18,112 18,439 17,955 18,634 18,732 5,782 6,312 6,667 6,964 7,129 1,728 1,627 1,638 1,569 1,558 2,145 1,691 1,429 1,247 1,100 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. 27,405 28,299 28,184 28,136 28,040 1,191 1,239 1,204 1,335 1,559 19,211 19,908 19,886 19,604 18,409 7,004 7,152 7,094 7,196 8,072 1,590 1,616 1,624 1,556 1,565 962 849 738 725 736 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916- 13,065 9,762 7,004 5,959 5,574 872 616 600 604 616 8,867 6,329 4,757 4,146 3,827 3,326 2,816 1,647 1,210 1,131 3,139 3,024 2,798 2,779 2,761 120 122 123 133 135 1950. 1949. 1948. 1947. 1946. 28,866 29,407 30,484 35,238 35,829 1,505 1,679 1,719 1,834 1,644 18,915 18,639 18,397 20,340 19,927 8,446 9,089 10,368 13,064 14,258 1,628 2,076 2,079 2,091 2,183 721 699 604 504 489 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 5,433 4,904 4,800 4,618 4,544 658 767 766 765 775 3,652 3,036 2,986 2,868 2,795 1,123 1,101 1,049 985 974 2,818 2,883 2,940 2,950 2,944 139 141 146 146 168 1945. 1944. 1943. 1942. 1941. 30,306 23,569 14,714 11,856 11,776 1,472 972 440 544 494 17,186 13,596 10,051 9,372 9,318 11,648 9,001 4,224 1,939 1,964 2,061 1,793 1,620 1,624 1,641 446 434 428 379 305 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906. 4,459 4,444 4,469 4,328 4,273 800 828 822 784 781 2,723 2,681 2,685 2,656 2,651 937 934 962 887 840 2,895 2,782 2,729 2,440 2,234 154 163 167 172 168 1940. 1939. 1938 1937 1936 12,064 12,668 12,666 12,733 12,512 453 418 454 515 517 9,563 9,779 9,730 9,630 9,254 2,047 2,471 2,483 2,588 2,741 1,669 1,712 1,739 1,713 1,767 285 252 246 230 218 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 4,220 4,059 3,970 3,759 3,568 813 795 772 758 750 2,586 2,458 2,386 2,227 2,104 822 807 812 774 714 2,062 2,019 1,903 1,817 1,706 174 213 215 222 249 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 12,700 12,883 13,077 13,793 12,958 589 620 641 708 712 9,248 9,312 9,465 9,970 9,157 2,863 2,951 2,970 3,115 3,089 1,773 1,802 1,814 1,857 2,767 181 177 170 189 184 1900 1899 1898 1897 1896 3,341 3,155 3,051 3,087 3,105 771 742 775 818 867 1,957 1,873 1,779 1,830 1,810 613 540 497 439 438 1,566 1,446 1,438 1,410 1,324 258 263 262 272 275 17, 074 17,077 16,547 555 15,922 692 16,059 See footnotes at end of table. 755 Q 481-502 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 481-486a. Documented Merchant Vessels, by Geographic Region: 1816 to 1965—Gon. [In thousands of tons] Year Total seaboard 481 New England coast MidAtlantic and Gulf coasts 1 Pacific coast 2 482 483 484 Northern lakes 485 Western rivers Official Haites 486 486a Total seaboard New England coast MidAtlantic and Gulf coasts 1 Pacific coast 2 483 484 481 Northern lakes Western rivers 485 Official Haites 486 486a 1895 1894 1893 1892 1891 3,113 3.169 3.265 3,271 3,222 846 879 907 932 944 1,834 1,834 1,901 1,874 1,836 434 456 457 465 441 1,241 1,227 1,261 1,184 1,156 281 287 299 311 308 1855. 1854. 1853. 1852 _ 1851. 4,877 4,531 3,872 3,666 3,259 2,004 1,806 1,679 1,557 1,414 2,779 2,623 2,088 1,906 1,785 93 102 105 103 59 206 161 254 217 196 129 111 282 355 318 173 169 169 153 143 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886 3,067 3,036 3,013 2,995 3,034 947 957 1,009 998 1,055 1,691 1.643 1,603 1,640 1,631 428 436 400 356 348 1,063 972 874 784 763 294 299 305 327 335 1850. 1849. 1848. 1847. 1846. 3,051 2,874 2,729 2,464 2,257 1,368 1,289 1,258 1,125 1,071 1,665 1,584 1,470 1,339 1,186 19 181 174 148 134 91 286 277 241 215 135 130 133 122 106 1885 1884 1883 1882 1881 3.170 3,182 3,151 3,062 3,000 1,090 1.142 1,121 1,095 1.045 1,720 1,705 1,702 1,664 1,669 361 335 328 302 286 750 733 724 711 663 346 356 361 393 394 1845. 1844. 1843. 1842. 1841. 2,143 2,033 1,940 1,888 1,936 1,010 963 923 915 984 1,133 1,071 1,017 973 951 86 72 66 61 58 188 174 152 143 137 90 80 76 85 1880 1879 1878 1877 1876 2,989 3,070 3,150 3,196 3.266 1,073 1,095 1,140 1,146 1,148 1.644 1,705 1,757 1,799 1,864 272 270 253 252 253 605 597 605 610 613 474 502 458 436 401 1840. 1839. 1838. 1837. 1836. 2,014 « 1,837 1,012 («) 901 889 877 1,002 (') 936 882 896 «I 50 49 118 35 30 109 91 79 1875 1874 1873 1872 1871 3,597 3,521 3,489 3,265 3,164 1.143 1,077 1,055 1,053 1,050 2,225 2,232 2,243 2,031 1,947 229 212 191 180 167 838 842 788 724 712 419 438 418 448 407 1835. 18341833. 1832. 1831. 896 1,530 1,367 1,215 811 700 576 840 (') 718 667 639 1870 1869 1868 1867 1866 3,164 3,090 3,175 3,340 3,515 1,057 1,066 1.046 1,008 1,126 1,917 1,839 1,962 2,171 2,209 190 185 167 161 180 685 661 393 481 352 224 1,146 (!) 1,692 1,590 1,501 565 212 232 1830. 18291828. 1827. 1826. 581 696 613 572 787 714 706 905 876 795 1865 1864 1863 1862 1861 4,180 4,100 4,382 4,425 4,888 1,269 1,341 1,646 1,805 1,839 2,756 2,654 2,618 2,516 2,959 154 105 118 104 90 671 698 631 561 479 246 189 142 127 173 229 193 160 157 165 1825. 1824. 18231822. 1821. 1,397 1,362 1,312 1,298 1,265 641 613 600 601 580 1860 1859 1858 1857 1856 3,723 4,675 4,648 4,562 4,525 1,828 1,833 1,739 1,777 1,863 2,810 85 88 85 85 84 463 329 261 238 222 168 142 141 140 124 195 193 196 200 188 1820. 1819. 1818. 1817. 1816. 1,245 1,228 1,194 1,320 1,357 565 551 528 562 669 1 Includes 2 Indudes 2,754 2,824 2,701 2,579 Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands. Alaska, Hawaii, and Guam. («) 10 9 9 39 22 24 25 22 19 20 17 756 748 711 697 684 7 9 7 7 7 19 18 18 20 27 13 10 12 13 14 681 678 667 758 788 7 7 6 7 5 27 25 25 13 10 14 13 6 3 13 <2 Tons Inactive vessels Active vessels Foreign trade Total Number Tons 489 490 Number Tons 491 492 Special service Domestic trade Intercoastal and noncontiguous Coastwise Number Tons Number Tons Number Tons 493 494 495 496 497 498 Number Tons 499 500 1970 Combination Cargo - _ Tanker ... 1,780 177 1,302 301 23,280 1,147 14,298 7,835 819 13 557 249 14,073 117 7,173 6,783 386 10 344 32 5,775 94 4,605 1,076 245 2 68 175 5,368 13 837 4,518 142 3,599 10 132 116 3,483 _ 103 2 58 43 1,769 13 721 1,035 188 1 145 42 1969-.. Combination Cargo Tanker 2,013 187 1,521 305 25,079 1,214 16,462 7,403 1,013 22 780 211 15,180 198 9,412 5,570 447 20 398 29 6,021 187 5,100 734 199 2 69 128 4,062 11 823 3,228 105 2,619 8 97 111 2,508 94 2 61 31 1,445 11 713 721 1968 Combination Cargo Tanker 2,101 205 1,581 315 25,699 1,343 16,993 7,363 1,104 26 811 267 16,416 227 9,569 6,620 481 22 421 38 6,332 200 5,180 952 242 1 65 176 4,934 4 797 4,133 134 3,105 9 125 123 2,982 108 1 56 51 1,829 4 674 1,151 1967 Combination Cargo Tanker. 2,209 222 1,670 317 26,560 1,454 17,843 7,263 1,107 27 818 262 16,273 231 9,647 6,495 460 24 400 36 6,037 214 4,963 860 233 1 66 166 4,654 4 810 3,840 142 3,333 9 133 120 91 1 57 33 1,323 4 691 628 ) 17 16 9 > 488 756 73 50 41 37 35 29 487 Represents zero. 17 60 56 44 I United States Flag Merchant Vessels, Steam and Motor: 1934 to 1970 Total Number m As of June 30, except as indicated. Covers oceangoing vessels of 1,000 gross tons and over engaged in foreign and domestic trade, and inactive vessels. Excludes special types and vessels employed on Great Lakes] All vessels Year and type of vessel 1,735 83 78 65 64 57 • No returns reported. * First 5 years of the series are as follows (in thousands of tons): 1811, 0.4; 1812, 0.4; 1813, 0.4; 1814, 0.7; and 1815, 1.5. Series Q 487-502. [Dead-weight tonnage in thousands. 1,771 1,773 1 — — — — — 3,213 Number Tons SOI 502 2,930 10 1,731 1,189 961 164 745 52 9,208 1,031 7,125 1,052 367 5,097 313 54 3,489 1,608 1,000 165 741 94 9,898 1,015 7,050 1,833 381 3 325 53 5,150 23 3,592 1,535 997 179 770 48 9,284 1,116 7,425 743 414 2 352 60 5,582 13 3,774 1,795 1,102 195 852 55 10,286 1,223 8,296 767 — — Q 487-502 WATER TRANSPORTATION Series Q 487-502. United States Flag Merchant Vessels, Steam and Motor: 1934 to 1970—Con. [Dead-weight tonnage In thousands] Number Tons Domestic trade Foreign trade Total Year and type of vessel Inactive vessels Active vessels All vessels Total Number Tons 489 490 Number Tons 491 492 Special service Coastwise Intercoastal and noncontiguous Number Tons Number Tons Number Tons 493 494 495 496 497 498 487 488 1966 Combination. _ . Cargo Tanker. 2,292 226 1,739 328 27,393 1,476 18,565 7,352 1,043 29 760 254 15,388 250 8,913 6,225 494 26 420 48 6,576 233 5,093 1,250 248 1 83 164 4,825 4 1,050 3,771 139 11 128 160 3,042 1966 Combination Cargo Tanker. 2,425 236 1,840 349 28,755 1,558 19,661 7,636 779 19 561 199 11,821 158 6,679 4,985 512 18 440 54 6,877 153 5,249 1,476 217 1 92 124 3,953 4 1,056 2,892 118 2,667 13 105 142 2,525 1964 Combination Cargo Tanker 2,598 271 1,959 368 30,084 1,787 20,612 7,685 940 35 642 263 13,868 307 7,493 6,067 584 32 509 43 7,271 290 5,971 1,010 295 1 100 194 5,504 4 1,137 4,362 184 3,964 1!) 165 220 3,744 1963 Combination Cargo.. Tanker.. 2,691 290 2,013 388 30,753 1,924 21,047 7,784 946 33 649 264 13,812 288 7,498 6,027 587 30 512 45 7,344 271 5,979 1,095 299 1 103 195 5,479 4 1,157 4,318 207 4,349 26 181 290 4,059 1962.-Combination. Cargo Tanker 2,716 289 2,018 409 30,954 1,925 21,024 8,006 940 34 628 278 13,473 294 7,083 6,096 543 29 482 32 6,616 260 5,564 803 340 2 115 223 5,951 14 1,233 4,703 231 4,640 32 199 1961 Combination Cargo Tanker. .. 2,810 300 2,086 424 31,525 2,012 21,576 7,941 644 20 456 168 8,837 172 5,025 3,641 415 17 365 33 5,066 152 4,135 781 182 3,107 115 64 118 642 2,465 1960 Combination Cargo Tanker.- 2,934 306 2,204 425 32,601 2,038 22,813 7,750 951 36 633 282 12,922 320 6,907 5,695 658 34 479 45 6,541 305 5,265 972 372 2 148 222 1959 Combination Cargo Tanker 3,047 288 2,347 412 33,565 1,950 24,333 7,283 963 39 646 278 12,636 343 6,986 5,306 533 36 473 24 5,935 323 5,189 422 1968 Combination Cargo Tanker 3,047 238 2,425 384 33,316 1,638 25,125 6,553 970 44 657 269 12,358 413 7,051 4,895 551 36 487 28 1957 Combination Cargo Tanker 3,032 230 2,450 352 32,900 1,594 25,412 5,894 1,199 50 822 327 14,874 467 8,779 5,628 1956 Combination Cargo Tanker 3,150 247 2,511 392 34,052 1,683 26,007 6,363 1,127 48 738 341 1955 Combination Cargo Tanker 3,235 249 2,560 426 35,017 1,687 26,539 6,790 1954. Combination Cargo Tanker 3,333 252 2,636 445 1953 Combination Cargo Tanker. 1952 Combination Cargo Tanker Number Tons 500 501 502 Number Tons 499 109 1 72 36 1,623 4 890 729 301 2 257 42 3,987 13 2,770 1,204 1,249 196 979 74 12,004 1,225 9,652 1,127 99 1 79 19 1,286 4 914 368 50 993 29 21 376 618 1,646 217 1,279 150 16,934 1,402 12,883 2,651 111 1 81 29 1,540 4 918 618 61 2 33 26 1,093 13 385 695 1,658 236 1,317 105 16,219 1,480 13,121 1,618 92 1 77 14 1,130 4 867 259 60 2 34 24 989 13 362 614 1,745 257 1,364 124 16,940 1,636 13,549 1,756 362 4,278 109 2 83 24 1,311 14 872 425 57 3 31 23 906 20 296 590 1,776 255 1,390 131 17,481 1,630 13,941 1,911 2,325 67 783 17 98 173 2,152 47 20 469 313 47 3 27 17 664 20 248 395 2,166 280 1,630 256 22,690 1,840 16,549 4,301 5,926 14 1,589 4,323 237 4,284 1,642 14 1,215 413 455 375 3,910 135 2 113 20 21 35 202 6 15 53 402 1,983 269 1,571 143 19,679 1,717 15,906 2,055 375 2 142 231 5,912 14 1,512 4,386 229 4,054 35 194 336 3,718 146 2 107 37 1,858 14 1,176 668 55 1 31 23 789 6 285 498 2,084 249 1,701 134 20,930 1,607 17,348 1,977 6,208 344 5,348 516 356 3 133 220 5,369 30 1,366 3,973 229 3,811 37 192 345 3,466 127 3 96 28 1,558 30 1,021 507 63 5 37 21 781 39 337 406 2,077 194 1,768 115 20,958 1,225 18,076 1,658 721 38 611 72 8,406 363 6,649 1,393 399 3 161 235 5,595 30 1,675 3,891 262 4,082 41 221 398 3,684 137 3 120 14 1,513 30 1,277 207 79 9 50 20 873 74 465 344 1,833 180 1,628 25 18,027 1,127 16,634 266 13,988 443 7,864 5,680 644 38 624 82 7,538 359 5,688 1,489 402 1 149 252 5,639 10 1,569 4,061 281 4,269 42 239 411 3,858 121 1 107 13 1,370 10 1,158 202 81 9 65 7 811 74 607 130 2,023 199 1,773 51 20,065 1,240 18,140 685 1,163 50 772 341 14,232 453 8,182 5,597 601 39 492 70 6,992 361 5,383 1,248 425 1 160 264 5,880 10 1,650 4,220 271 3,999 43 228 385 3,614 154 1 117 36 1,881 10 1,265 606 137 10 120 7 1,360 82 1,149 129 2,072 199 1,788 85 20,786 1,234 18,368 1,193 35,860 1,695 26,435 7,730 1,123 54 730 339 13,645 466 6,876 6,303 623 39 489 95 7,299 361 5,226 1,713 398 5 154 239 5,324 23 1,581 3,719 265 3,854 44 221 396 3,458 133 5 110 18 1,470 23 1,185 261 102 10 87 5 1,022 82 69 871 2,210 198 1,906 106 22,216 1,230 19,559 1,427 3,349 257 2,630 462 36,255 2,039 27,228 6,988 1,415 55 964 396 16,738 479 10,060 6,199 629 40 461 128 7,390 378 4,890 2,122 437 5 167 265 5,725 23 1,638 4,064 303 4,275 59 244 517 3,758 134 5 108 21 1,450 23 1,121 306 349 10 336 3 3,623 78 3,532 13 1,934 202 1,666 66 19,517 1,560 17,168 790 3,350 260 2,629 461 36,081 2,044 27,210 6,827 1,447 62 967 418 16,976 552 10,047 6,378 782 44 582 156 9,052 393 6,177 2,481 395 1 135 259 5,190 4 1,302 3,884 291 4,033 58 233 517 3,516 104 1 77 26 1,158 4 786 368 270 17 250 3 2,734 155 2,567 13 1,903 198 1,662 43 19,106 1,491 17,164 451 1961 Combination.. Cargo Tanker. 3,386 266 2,650 470 36,336 2,067 27,376 6,893 1,654 63 1,144 447 19,284 537 12,015 6,731 988 46 743 199 11,425 404 7,892 3,129 426 5 176 245 5,333 24 1,721 3,587 287 3,924 55 232 484 3,440 139 5 121 13 1,408 24 1,236 146 240 12 226 3 2,523 109 2,401 13 1,732 203 1,506 23 17,053 1,530 15,361 162 1950 Combination 3,408 83 2,846 479 36,526 639 28,927 6,959 1,145 51 682 412 13,828 417 7,075 6,335 711 45 505 161 8,353 389 5,367 2,597 434 6 177 251 5,474 28 1,708 3,737 279 3,716 66 213 559 3,157 155 6 111 38 1,757 28 1,149 580 2,263 32 2,164 67 22,698 222 21,851 624 ... Tanker - - - — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3,202 — — — — — - — - - — — — — — — — — - — — — — Represents zero. 757 Q 487-505 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 487-502. U n i t e d States F l a g M e r c h a n t Vessels, S t e a m a n d M o t o r : 1 9 3 4 t o [Dead-weight tonnage in thousands] All vessels Active vessels Total Year and type of vessel Number Tons Foreign trade Domestic trade Total Number Tons 489 490 Number Inactive vessels Coastwise Intercoastal and noncontiguous Number Tons Number Tons Number Tons 493 494 495 496 497 498 3,379 79 2,799 501 36,228 609 28,442 7,177 1,386 47 969 370 16,044 388 10,063 5,593 1,004 43 813 148 11,416 375 8,626 2,415 382 4 156 222 4.628 13 1.437 3,178 262 3,437 53 209 416 3.021 1948 Combination Cargo Tanker 3,490 77 2,887 526 36,774 601 28.674 7,499 1,723 48 1,221 454 19,552 385 12,424 6,743 1,246 41 1,023 182 13,767 357 10,592 2,818 477 7 198 272 5,785 28 1,832 3,925 327 4,329 68 259 569 3,760 1947 i Combination Cargo Tanker. 3,696 95 2,977 624 38,882 742 29,206 8,934 2,114 38 1,628 448 23,651 284 16,561 6,806 1,603 32 1,434 137 17,238 259 14,779 2,200 511 6 194 311 6,413 25 1,782 4,606 381 5,104 82 299 659 4,445 1946 * Combination Cargo Tanker 4,852 117 3,829 906 50,263 800 36.675 12,785 2,762 56 2,220 486 29,127 412 21,408 7,305 1,890 15 1,607 268 20,592 127 16,200 4,264 442 10 226 206 4,807 38 1,910 2,858 297 3,483 101 196 1941 Combination Cargo Tanker 1,168 94 716 358 10,096 541 5,472 4,083 1,137 88 693 356 9,919 526 5,324 4,070 471 43 358 70 4,052 348 2,966 739 44 333 286 5,836 165 2,340 3,331 1940 Combination Cargo Tanker 1,300 140 790 370 11,019 873 6,020 4,126 1,119 112 642 365 9,653 696 4,892 4,065 425 66 291 68 3,749 514 2,443 791 46 350 297 1939 Combination Cargo Tanker 1,398 163 851 384 11,699 1,079 6,364 4,256 1,092 131 609 352 9,308 856 4,545 3,908 319 78 193 48 2,804 621 1,619 565 1938 Combination Cargo Tanker 1,422 167 882 373 11,814 1,108 6,557 4,149 1,060 125 592 343 9,019 764 4,436 3,819 366 76 213 77 1937 Combination Cargo Tanker 1,517 185 975 357 12,335 1,204 7,231 3,900 1,231 159 721 351 10,251 1,051 5,344 3,856 1936 Combination Cargo Tanker 1,563 201 1,007 355 12,323 1,281 7,405 3,637 1,208 171 694 343 1935 Combination Cargo Tanker 1,637 217 1,065 355 12,809 1,347 7,847 3,615 1934 Combination Cargo Tanker 1,673 233 1,079 361 12,986 1,389 7,946 3,652 1 Special service Tons 1949 Combination Cargo Tanker... - 1970—Con. Number Tons 499 500 Number 501 120 4 103 13 1,191 13 157 1,993 32 1,830 131 150 7 130 13 1,456 28 1,263 165 1,767 29 1,666 72 130 6 112 12 1,309 25 1,123 161 1,582 57 1,349 176 730 2,753 145 10 125 10 1,324 38 1,180 106 488 34 179 275 4,261 118 937 3,205 175 10 154 11 1,575 47 1,402 125 5,893 182 2.438 3,273 500 36 188 276 4,172 129 988 3,054 193 10 162 21 1,721 53 1,450 218 181 28 148 5 772 53 415 304 6,499 235 2,921 3,343 543 37 229 277 4,359 139 1,197 3.022 229 16 186 27 2,141 96 1,724 320 306 32 242 32 3,301 562 1,808 931 694 49 379 266 5,718 202 2.629 2,888 494 38 205 251 3,946 145 1,073 2,728 200 11 174 15 1,772 57 1,556 159 42 290 30 426 99 275 52 3,643 753 2,286 604 805 60 446 299 6,608 298 3,058 3,252 563 40 241 282 4,467 147 1,253 3,067 242 20 205 17 2,141 151 1,806 184 286 26 254 6 9,697 1,083 5,072 3,541 430 104 250 76 3,714 770 2,087 857 776 67 442 267 5,958 313 2,961 2,684 537 46 243 248 3,878 170 1,227 2,482 239 21 199 19 2,079 143 1,734 202 355 30 313 12 1,145 176 645 324 9,194 1,099 4,741 3,354 434 108 253 73 3,748 802 2,096 850 709 68 390 251 5,425 296 2,624 2,504 488 47 215 226 3,479 149 1,085 2,245 221 21 175 25 1,946 147 1,539 260 492 41 420 31 1,097 184 596 317 8,767 1,123 4,382 3,262 438 111 258 69 3,753 823 2,168 763 657 73 336 248 4,993 300 2,194 2,499 440 50 200 190 3,005 143 1,025 1,838 217 23 136 58 1,987 157 1,169 661 576 49 483 44 Represents zero. Data as of December 31. 2 1,021 430 31 387 12 3,728 247 3,298 183 2,090 61 1,609 420 31 13 18 31 6 23 2 Data as of September 30. Series Q 5 0 3 - 5 0 5 . G r o s s T o n n a g e of D o c u m e n t e d M e r c h a n t V e s s e l s , b y T y p e of S e r v i c e : 1 9 3 4 t o 1 9 7 0 [In thousands of tons. Documented vessels of 5 tons or more. As of June 30, 1934-1940; January 1, thereafter. Includes Puerto Rico and Guam] Year Freight (dry cargo) Tanker All other Year 603 18,896 19,183 18,823 6,412 6,139 5,976 3,305 3,134 3,134 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961 18,045 17,731 17,393 17,236 18,320 5,673 5,645 5,599 5,535 5,404 2,798 2,784 2,699 2,685 2,679 1960 1959 1968. 1957 1956 20,637 21,342 21,420 22,024 22,280 5,261 4,908 4,632 4,934 4,945 2,683 2,645 2,534 2,464 2,386 Tanker All other Year 503 1970. 1969. 1968. 758 Freight (dry cargo) 505 Freight (dry cargo) Tanker All other 503 504 605 1956 1954. 1953 1952 1951. 22,298 22,818 22,605 22,556 22,598 5,279 5,520 6,478 5,451 5,364 2,381 2,427 2,463 2,409 2,389 1945. 1944. 1943. 1942. 1941 23,931 18,878 11,365 8,226 8,115 6,835 4,802 3,128 3,261 3,053 2,047 2,115 2,268 2,373 2,553 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 23,209 23,766 24,047 27,407 28,087 5,554 6,001 4,171 8,196 8,336 2,452 2,414 4,949 2,230 2,077 1940. 1939 1938 1937. 1936 8,267 8,615 8,702 8,671 8,702 3,028 3,089 2,989 2,881 2,686 2,723 2,929 2,960 3,123 3,109 1935 1934. 8,748 8,887 2,668 2,674 3,301 WATER TRANSPORTATION Series Q 506-517. [In thousands of net tons. Q 506-517 Net Tonnage Capacity of Vessels Entered and Cleared: 1789 to 1970 For years ending September 20,1789-1842; June 30,1843-1918; December 31 thereafter. Kico, and, beginning 1935, the Virgin Islands] Excludes domestic trade. Vessels cleared Vessels entered Year All ports Seaports 1 All ports Includes Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Seaports 1 Total U.S. vessels Foreign vessels Total U.S. vessels Foreign vessels Total U.S. vessels Foreign vessels Total U.S. vessels Foreign vessels 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 254,154 238,085 229,850 220,681 217,894 26,239 26,662 30,389 30,830 31,487 227,915 211,423 199,465 189,848 186,407 226,666 213,008 203,664 195,871 191,684 24,234 25,264 27,456 26,990 28,621 202,431 187,741 176,210 168,878 163,063 253,136 237,986 230,324 220,231 219,437 26,953 27,235 31,198 30,827 32,738 226,183 210,758 199,126 189,404 186,699 225,925 212,746 204,086 195,845 193,433 24,898 25,738 28,244 27,089 29,925 201,027 187,013 175,839 168,756 163,507 1965 1964 1963 1962.. 1961 209,000 199,330 186,700 178,334 166,548 34,041 34,956 33,300 33,774 31,144 174,960 164,373 153,400 144,560 135,404 183,724 174,625 165,124 158,606 148,955 30,919 30,909 29,677 29,963 28,266 152,806 143,715 135,447 128,644 120,688 208,736 202,262 187,539 178,953 168,878 34,016 35,337 34,106 34,165 31,941 174,721 166,924 153,433 144,788 136,936 183,540 177,636 166,103 159,330 151,295 31,048 31,409 30,440 30,337 29,062 152,492 146,225 135,663 128,993 122,233 1960 1959 1958 1957.. 1956 162,765 154,213 149,097 162,925 147,844 30,189 26,417 26,842 35,898 36,247 132,575 127,796 122,255 127,027 111,598 145,828 137,845 136,291 146,144 130,767 26,708 21,897 23,642 31,189 31,254 119,119 115,947 112,648 114,956 99,514 166,715 155,505 148,816 162,578 148,269 31,280 26,623 26,449 35,118 36,317 135,434 128,883 122,366 127,460 111,952 149,778 139,262 136,102 145,954 131,391 27,649 22,042 23,324 30,569 31,510 122,127 117,221 112,778 115,385 99,881 1955 1954 1963 1952.. 1951. 128,405 109,524 112,559 116,375 108,086 34,321 33,860 39,319 45,223 44,571 94,084 75,664 73,240 71,152 63,515 113,807 97,198 97,344 101,263 93,674 30,407 30,133 34,969 40,732 40,482 83,400 67,065 62,375 60,532 53,192 129,368 109,899 112,935 114,797 110,236 34,407 33,579 39,188 43,726 46,763 94,961 76,321 73,747 71,071 63,472 114,806 97,674 97,627 99,703 96,257 30,615 29,969 34,775 39,273 43,024 84,192 67,706 62,852 60,429 53,233 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 86,629 85,700 90,927 93,796 80,258 35,376 41,251 47,726 53,627 53,045 51,251 44,451 43,199 40,170 27,213 73,451 74,701 76,910 80,889 69,520 31,757 37,626 43,270 49,044 49,143 41,693 37,076 33,640 31,844 20,378 87,829 84,286 89,449 97,160 77,225 36,043 39,681 45,775 54,088 49,124 51,778 44,604 43,667 43,072 28,101 74,785 73,063 75,714 84,508 66,376 32,510 36,136 41,348 49,558 45,113 42,269 36,927 34,358 34,949 21,263 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 94,021 81,860 61,084 43,942 59,061 61,375 48,071 29,292 13,611 20,940 32,646 33,789 31,792 30,331 38,121 81,182 66,305 44,739 28,258 42,616 56,499 42,196 24,508 10,326 16,767 24,682 24,109 20,231 17,932 25,849 94,559 87,385 66,716 47,706 62,596 61,460 53,050 33,682 16,354 21,869 33,099 34,335 33,034 31,352 40,726 81,452 71,717 50,232 31,976 46,142 56,332 46,919 28,826 13,149 17,701 25,120 24,798 21,406 18,827 28,441 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936.. 58,544 68,992 70,516 71,560 65,972 19,220 17,769 19,020 19,527 20,682 39,324 51,223 51,496 52,033 45,290 45,393 57,973 59,223 59,980 55,038 15,740 14,553 15,899 16,747 17,510 29,652 43,421 43,324 43,233 37,528 62,171 70,306 71,286 72,880 66,066 20,248 18,156 18,829 19,938 20,069 41,923 52,150 52,456 52,942 45,997 48,996 59,218 60,064 61,177 55,381 16,766 14,903 15,742 17,134 16,967 32,230 44,316 44,322 44,043 38,414 1935 1934 1933 1932. 1931 64,612 63,787 60,936 64,837 72,782 22,372 23,192 22,488 24,278 26,907 42,240 40,594 38,448 40,559 45,875 54,289 53,132 51,564 55,229 60,427 18,893 19,186 19,051 20,643 21,499 35,395 33,946 32,513 34,587 38,929 64,887 63,702 61,287 64,446 73,501 22,126 22,799 22,434 23,865 26,854 42,761 40,903 38,853 40,582 46,647 54,722 53,162 52,083 54,900 61,204 18,651 18,901 19,093 20,204 21,417 36,071 34,261 32,990 34,695 39,787 1930. 1929 1928 1927 1926 81,253 82,602 80,211 74,310 76,933 31,866 32,241 31,285 29,289 26,890 49,387 50,361 48,926 45,021 50,043 66,499 66,853 62,809 58,921 63,759 24,620 25,208 22,991 22,001 21,091 41,879 41,645 39,818 36,920 42,668 81,307 82,343 80,667 75,440 79,041 31,560 31,927 31,734 29,793 28,532 49,747 50,416 48,933 45,647 50,509 66,500 67,030 63,331 59,759 65,583 24,154 25,045 23,180 22,078 22,234 42,346 41,985 40,151 37,681 43,349 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921... 69,378 68,292 66,319 65,191 62,285 27,947 29,628 27,725 31,738 31,185 41,431 38,664 38,594 33,453 31,100 55,636 54,726 52,775 51,701 49,958 21,148 22,462 20,984 23,633 24,402 34,487 32,264 31,791 28,068 25,556 70,229 68,910 66,624 64,839 62,665 27,808 30,092 27,932 31,759 30,181 42,421 38,818 38,692 33,080 32,484 57,160 55,294 53,215 51,799 50,423 21,394 22,896 21,305 23,755 23,432 35,766 32,397 31,910 28,044 26,991 1920... 1919... 1918 2 1917 1916 64,104 46,702 45,456 50,472 51,550 32,119 21,933 19,284 18,725 17,928 31,985 24,769 26,173 31,747 33,622 51,531 36,381 31,101 36,521 37,744 26,225 16,224 11,256 10,898 9,446 25,306 20,157 19,845 25,623 28,298 67,817 51,257 46,014 52,077 52,423 34,053 24,992 19,206 19,146 17,902 33,764 26,265 26,808 32,931 34,521 54,980 40,751 31,869 38,094 38,946 27,875 19,133 11,280 11,339 9,763 27,106 21,617 20,589 26,755 29,182 1915 1914 1913. 1912... 1911... 46,710 53,389 50,639 46,158 42,675 13,275 13,730 13,073 11,257 9,693 33,435 39,659 37,567 34,901 32,982 35,032 40,052 37,973 34,659 32,457 6,830 5,436 5,241 4,572 4,302 28,202 34,616 32,732 30,087 28,155 46,885 53,183 51,152 46,417 42,437 13,418 13,740 13,946 11,703 9,753 33,467 39,443 37,206 34,713 32,684 35,458 39,743 37,566 34,706 32,299 7,110 5,185 5,289 4,794 4,427 28,347 34,558 32,277 29,912 27,871 1910... 1909 1908 1907 1906 40,236 39,058 38,539 36,622 34,155 8,888 8,771 8,473 8,116 7,613 31,347 30,287 30,066 28,507 26,543 30,917 30,243 30,444 29,248 27,401 4,214 4,403 4,314 3,924 4,023 26,703 25,840 26,130 25,324 23,379 39,706 38,196 38,282 35,990 33,784 8,809 8,492 8,435 8,093 7,581 30,897 29,705 29,846 27,898 26,204 30,510 29,604 30,198 28,499 26,970 4,196 4,215 4,288 3,797 3,923 26,314 25,389 25,910 24,702 23,047 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 30,983 29,952 31,094 30,654 29,768 7,081 6,679 6,907 6,961 6,381 23,903 23,273 24,187 23,693 23,387 24,793 24,111 24,698 24,361 24,791 4,120 3,806 3,881 4,020 3,980 20,673 20,305 20,817 20,342 20,811 31,158 30,016 31,316 30,444 29,820 7,203 6,641 6,975 6,822 6,417 23,955 23,374 24,341 23,623 23,403 25,020 24,192 24,823 24,242 24,889 4,259 3,836 3,931 3,956 4,020 20,760 20,356 20,892 20,287 20,870 1900 1899 1898 1897. 1896... 28,163 26,111 25,579 23,760 20,989 6,136 5,341 5,240 5,525 5,196 22,027 20,770 20,339 18,235 15,793 23,534 21,963 21,700 20,003 17,453 3,974 3,333 3,362 3,611 3,673 19,559 18,631 18,338 16,391 13,779 28,281 26,266 25,748 23,709 21,415 6,209 5,472 5,111 5,618 5,330 22,072 20,794 20,637 18,091 16,085 23,618 22,177 21,892 19,878 17,819 4,006 3,463 3,231 3,637 3,741 19,612 18,714 18,661 16,241 14,078 1895 1894 1893... 1892 1891... 19,295 19,990 19,582 21,013 18,204 4,473 4,655 4,359 4,470 4,381 14,822 15,335 15,223 16,543 13,823 16,725 17,025 16,679 18,180 15,394 3,677 3,649 3,493 3,747 3,670 13,049 13,376 13,186 14,434 11,724 19,751 20,272 19,761 21,161 18,261 4,504 4,740 4,403 4,536 4,455 15,246 15,532 15,357 16,625 13,805 17,024 17,306 16,825 18,258 15,411 3,616 3,747 3,537 3,751 3,716 13,408 13,560 13,288 14,507 11,695 1970. 1969 1968 1967 1966 — See footnotes at end of table. 759 Q 506-517 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 506-517. Net Tonnage Capacity of Vessels Entered and Cleared: 1789 to 1970—Con. [In thousands of net tons] Vessels entered All ports Year Vessels cleared Seaports ' All ports Seaports 1 Total U.S. vessels Foreign vessels Total U.S. vessels Foreign vessels Total U.S. vessels Foreign vessels Total U.S. vessels Foreign vessels 506 507 510 513 516 517 508 509 511 512 514 515 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886 18,107 15,952 15,393 15,816 15,136 4,083 3,724 3,367 3,366 3,232 14,024 12,228 12,026 12,451 11,904 15,366 13,312 12,956 13,532 12,230 3,405 3,128 2,914 2,871 2,762 11,961 10,184 10,042 10,661 9,468 18,149 16,343 15,669 15,753 15,328 4,067 3,988 3,415 3,259 3,303 14,082 12,355 12,254 12,494 12,024 15,429 13,672 13,252 13,511 12,413 3,390 3,342 2,944 2,771 2,806 12,039 10,329 10,308 10,740 9,607 1885 1884 1883 1882 1881 15,305 15,069 16,382 17,601 18,319 3,132 3,202 3,256 3,341 3,254 12,173 11,867 13,126 14,260 15,066 12,287 12,085 13,361 14,656 15,631 2,709 2,821 2,835 2,968 2,919 9,578 9,264 10,526 11,688 12,711 15,515 15,205 16,541 17,757 18,470 3,232 3,237 3,307 3,318 3,376 12,283 11,968 13,234 14,439 15,094 12,496 12,206 13,565 14,846 15,794 2,809 2,845 2,895 2,936 3,040 9,688 9,361 10,670 11,911 12,754 18,011 16,193 14,464 13,455 12,511 3,437 3,415 3,642 3,663 3,611 14,574 12,778 10,821 9,791 8,899 16,251 13,768 11,531 10,406 9,716 3,140 3,050 3,009 2,968 2,928 12,111 10,718 8,521 7,449 6,788 18,043 16,075 14,808 13,442 12,655 3,397 3,464 3,872 3,765 3,732 14,646 12,611 10,935 9,677 8,923 15,296 13,617 11,844 10,389 9,839 3,078 3,071 3,196 3,043 3,037 12,218 10,545 8,647 7,345 6,802 11,693 13,092 11,696 10,806 10,009 3,574 3,894 3,613 3,712 3,743 8,119 9,198 8,083 7,095 6,266 9,143 10,010 8,395 7,770 6,994 2,887 2,915 2,443 2,585 2,604 6,266 7,095 5,951 5,185 4,391 11,897 13,189 11,822 10,734 9,898 3,737 3,982 3,757 3,682 3,747 8,160 9,207 8,065 7,051 6,152 9,341 10,058 8,515 7,739 6,918 3,061 2,961 2,574 2,598 2,635 6,279 7,097 5,941 5,141 4,283 1870 1869 1868 1867 1866 9,156 8,750 8,046 7,774 7,782 3,486 3,403 3,551 3,465 3,372 5,670 5,348 4,495 4,319 4,410 6,270 6,032 5,572 5,266 5,008 2,452 2,459 2,466 2,146 1,891 3,818 3,573 3,106 3,121 3,117 9,169 7,754 8,279 7,885 7,822 3,507 3,381 3,718 3,420 3,383 5,662 4,373 4,561 4,465 4,438 6,362 6,114 5,811 5,501 5,161 2,530 2,502 2,625 2,270 2,030 3,832 3,612 3,186 3,230 3,131 1865 1864 1863 1862 1861 6,161 6,538 7,255 7,363 7,241 2,944 3,066 4,615 5,118 5,024 3,217 3,471 2,640 2,245 2,218 3,827 4,167 4,205 4,191 4,559 1,615 1,655 2,308 2,629 3,025 2,212 2,512 1,898 1,562 1,534 6,620 6,832 7,511 7,339 7,151 3,025 3,091 4,447 4,962 4,889 3,595 3,741 3,064 2,377 2.262 4,161 4,279 4,343 4,205 4,410 1,710 1,662 2,266 2,568 2,874 2,450 2,617 2,077 1,637 1,536 1860 1859 1858 1857 1856 8,275 7,806 6,605 7,186 6,872 5,921 5,266 4,396 4,721 4.385 2,354 2,540 2,209 2,465 2,487 5,000 4,913 4.338 4,843 4,464 3,302 3,328 3,051 3,482 3,194 1,698 1,585 1,287 1,361 1,270 8,790 7,916 7,803 7,071 7,000 6,166 5,297 4,490 4,581 4,538 2,624 2,618 3,313 2,490 2,462 5,257 4,867 4,436 4,882 4,695 3,501 3,315 3,128 3,483 1,756 1,552 1,309 1,398 1880 1879 1878 1877 1876 — 18751874_ 1873.. 1872 1871 Vessels entered Vessels cleared All ports Year Vessels entered, all ports All ports Total U.S. vessels Foreign 506 507 508 Seaports 1 509 Total U.S. Foreign 512 513 514 Seaports ' 515 1855. 1854. 1853. 1852. 1851. 5.945 5,884 6,282 5,293 4.993 3,861 3,752 4,004 3,236 3,054 2,084 2,132 2,278 2,057 1,939 4,178 4,343 4,157 3,926 3,466 6,179 6,019 6,066 5,278 5,130 4,069 3,911 3,767 3,231 3.201 2,110 2,108 2,299 2,048 1,930 4,435 4,524 4,289 (NA) (NA) 1850. 1849. 1848. 1847. 1846. 3,749 4,369 3,799 3,322 3,111 2,573 2,658 2,393 2,101 2,151 1,176 1,711 1,405 1,220 960 3,013 2,890 2,503 2,429 2,022 4.361 4,429 3,865 3,379 3,189 2.633 2,754 2,461 2.202 2,221 1,728 1,676 1,404 1,177 968 3,167 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 1845. 1844. 1843. 1842. 1841. 2.946 2.894 1,678 2,243 2,368 2,035 1,977 1,144 1,510 1,632 911 917 535 733 736 2,011 1,897 (NA) (NA) (NA) 2,984 2,918 1,792 2,277 2,371 2,054 2,011 1,268 1,536 1.634 930 907 524 740 737 1840. 1839. 18381837. 1836- 2,289 2,116 1.895 2,065 1,936 1,577 1,491 1,303 1,300 1,255 712 625 592 766 680 1,788 2,353 2,090 2,013 2,023 1,990 1,647 1,478 1,409 1,267 1,316 706 612 604 756 674 1835. 1834. 1833. 1832. 1831. 1.994 1,643 1,608 1,343 1,405 1,353 1,075 1,111 950 923 641 568 497 393 482 2,031 1,712 1,639 1.362 1,244 1,401 1,134 1,142 975 973 18301829. 1828. 1827. 1826. 1,099 1,004 1,019 1,056 1,048 967 873 868 918 942 132 131 150 138 106 1,105 1,078 1,048 1,112 1,052 182518241823. 1822. 1821. 974 952 895 889 847 881 850 775 788 765 93 102 119 101 82 1,055 1,022 931 911 888 NA Not available. 1 Comprises all ports except northern border ports. 2 As of June 30; figures (in thousands of tons) for July-Dec. are as follows: 760 Year Total U.S. vessels Foreign 506 507 508 880 869 917 992 1,136 801 784 755 780 877 79 86 161 212 259 918 108 351 715 981 701 60 238 668 948 217 48 114 47 33 909 605 539 1806. 989 705 586 1,203 1,135 1,044 80 99 48 87 91 1805_ 18041803_ 1802. 1801. 1,010 944 951 944 1,007 922 822 787 799 849 88 122 164 146 157 631 578 497 388 272 1800. 1799. 1798_ 1797. 1796- 804 732 610 681 722 683 625 522 608 675 121 108 88 73 47 972 945 897 981 953 133 133 151 131 99 1795. 1794_ 1793. 17921791. 637 609 611 659 604 580 526 448 415 364 57 83 164 244 241 960 919 811 814 805 95 103 120 97 83 1790. 1789_. 606 234 355 127 251 107 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 1,861 1820. 1819. 1818. 1817. mOms. 181418 ISIS^. 1811. 1810. 1809. 1808. 1807- 1,116 Series Q 506, 25,029; series Q 507, 11,006; series Q 508, 14,023; series Q 509, 16,113; series Q 510, 5,747; series Q 511, 10,366; series Q 512, 25,472; series Q 513, 11,223; series Q 514,14,249; series Q 515, 16,112; series Q 516, 5,614; and series Q 517,10,498. WATER TRANSPORTATION Series Q 518-523. [In millions of dollars. Value of Waterborne Imports and Exports (Including Reexports) of Merchandise: 1790 to 1970 For years ending September 30, 1790-1842; June 30, 1843-1915; December 31 thereafter. Includes gold and silver coin and bullion to 1879, imports and exports by land prior to 1871; and all waterborne foreign commerce of ports on the Great Lakes] Exports Imports Year Total U.S. Foreign vessels 518 519 520 Total U.S. vessels Foreign vessels 394 915 359 636 520 926 089 793 705 635 24,728 21,570 21.139 17,434 17,319 14,943 13,441 12,382 11,805 10,644 1960_ 1959_ 1958_ 1957. 1956_ 1955_ 19531952_ 1951- 11.140 11,633 9,700 9,244 8,899 8,073 7,334 8,292 8,118 8,441 664 948 045 227 286 852 031 109 19501949. 1948. 19471946. 1945_ 1944. 1943 _ 6,754 4,965 5,197 4,368 3,691 (NA) (NA) (NA) 2,239 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1,452 (NA) (NA) (NA) 097 475 877 026 705 860 382 275 4,692 4,052 5,582 4,828 3,013 3,808 5,800 5,447 1935. 1934. 1933 _ 1932. 1931- 1,813 1,446 1,287 1,164 1,829 649 528 461 431 619 1,164 917 826 734 1,210 973 837 471 385 043 705 658 515 476 732 1,268 1930. 1929. 19281927. 1926. 1925. 1924. 1923. 1922. 1921. 2,635 3,807 3.550 3,662 3,891 3,716 3,145 3,312 2,704 2,187 898 1,205 1,133 1,215 1,195 1,151 1,012 1,040 921 765 1,737 2,602 2,418 2,447 2,696 2,565 2,133 2,272 1,783 1,422 168 322 277 097 050 224 010 539 281 1,117 1,487 1.472 1,434 1.401 1.473 1,532 1,358 1.402 2,051 2,835 2,804 2,663 2,649 2,751 2,478 2,181 2,020 2,486 1920.. 1919-_ 1918. . 1917.. 1916.. 1915 i . 1914.. 1913.. 1912.. 1911-_ 4,731 3,414 2,577 2,590 2,157 1,526 1,738 1,698 1.551 1,436 1,988 1,228 717 733 532 281 199 193 171 147 2,743 2,186 1,860 1,857 1,625 1,245 1,539 1,505 1,380 1,290 252 090 226 403 820 466 048 075 880 774 3,165 2,596 986 946 665. 291 170 188 152 134 4,087 4,494 4,240 4,457 4,155 2,176 1,878 1,887 1,729 1,641 1910_ 1909190819071906. 1905. 1904. 190319021901- 1,467 1,241 1,123 1,340 1,140 1,039 923 960 847 776 147 151 152 177 168 161 132 124 102 1,319 1,090 971 1,164 971 878 791 836 745 516 481 670 550 355 308 281 258 376 114 108 121 142 154 130 97 91 84 84 1,403 1,373 1,550 1,521 1,396 1,225 1900. 1899_ 18981897_ 18961895. 1894. 1893. 18921891. 806 664 586 729 744 699 625 822 788 804 104 82 94 109 117 108 122 127 139 127 701 582 492 620 627 591 504 695 649 677 284 143 158 986 821 758 843 804 997 853 91 79 68 80 70 62 74 71 81 79 1,193 1,065 1,090 906 751 695 769 733 916 774 1890. 1889. 1888. 1887 _ 1886. 1885. 1884. 1883 _ 1882 _ 1881. 749 707 692 665 611 556 648 700 702 625 125 121 124 121 119 113 135 136 130 134 624 586 568 543 492 444 513 564 572 492 825 714 674 695 660 718 714 799 738 894 78 83 67 73 78 82 99 104 97 117 747 631 606 622 582 636 615 694 641 777 1880. 653 454 454 481 149 144 146 152 503 310 307 330 830 729 736 695 109 128 167 165 721 601 570 530 1879. 1878. 1877 _ 1 164 618 662 1,261 Exports Imports 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961- 1954 Q 414-505 1,179 956 909 1,311 1,211 1,190 1,174 1,292 Year Total U.S. vessels Foreign vessels Total U.S. vessels Foreign vessels 518 519 520 521 522 523 1876... 1875 1874.. 1873 1872 1871 465 541 581 647 623 526 143 158 176 175 177 163 321 383 405 472 445 363 660 658 708 666 562 583 168 156 174 172 168 190 492 502 534 495 394 393 1870 1869. 1868 1867 1866 1865 1864 1863 1862 1861 462 437 372 418 446 249 330 253 206 336 153 137 123 117 112 74 81 110 92 202 309 301 249 301 333 174 248 143 113 134 530 439 477 461 565 356 340 332 230 249 200 153 175 181 214 93 103 132 125 180 330 286 302 281 352 263 237 200 105 69 1860 1859 1858 1857 1856 1855 1854 1853 1852 1851 362 339 283 361 315 261 301 268 208 216 228 216 204 259 250 202 215 192 155 164 134 123 79 102 65 59 86 76 53 53 400 357 325 363 327 275 276 231 210 218 279 250 243 251 232 203 191 155 139 152 121 107 81 112 95 72 84 76 70 66 1850 1849 1848 1847 1846 1845-.1844 1843_ 1842 1841 178 148 155 147 122 117 108 65 100 128 140 120 129 113 106 102 94 50 89 113 38 27 26 33 16 15 14 15 11 15 152 146 154 154 113 115 111 84 105 122 100 101 110 100 87 87 78 65 80 95 52 45 44 54 27 28 33 19 25 27 1840 1839-.1838 1837 1836-.1835 1834..1833—18321831 107 162 115 141 189 150 127 108 101 103 93 144 104 122 171 135 114 98 90 94 14 18 11 19 18 15 13 10 11 9 132 121 108 117 129 122 104 90 87 81 106 95 89 91 97 94 78 68 66 66 26 26 19 26 32 28 27 22 21 16 1830 1829 1828 1827 1826 1825 1824 1823 1822— 1821_ 71 74 89 79 85 96 81 78 83 63 66 69 82 75 81 92 75 72 77 58 4 5 7 5 4 4 5 6 6 5 74 72 72 82 78 100 76 75 72 65 64 62 61 72 70 89 67 65 61 55 10 10 11 10 8 11 9 9 11 10 1820 1819 1818 1817 1816 1815 1814 1813 1812 1811 74 87 122 99 147 113 13 22 77 53 67 67 103 78 107 87 8 16 65 48 7 20 18 21 40 26 5 6 12 5 70 70 93 88 82 53 7 28 39 61 62 58 75 65 56 37 4 18 31 53 8 13 19 23 26 15 3 10 8 9 1810-.1809 1808 1807 1806 1805 - - 1804 1803 1802 1801 85 59 57 139 129 121 85 65 76 111 79 52 53 130 120 112 77 56 67 101 6 7 4 8 9 8 8 9 9 10 67 52 22 108 102 96 78 56 72 93 60 44 20 98 90 85 67 46 61 81 7 8 3 11 11 11 11 9 11 12 91 79 69 75 81 70 35 31 32 29 23 83 71 62 69 77 64 31 26 21 17 9 8 8 6 6 5 6 3 6 10 12 14 71 79 61 51 59 48 33 26 21 19 20 62 68 53 45 53 42 28 20 13 10 8 9 10 8 6 6 6 5 6 8 9 12 1800 1799 1798 1797 1796 1795 1794 1793 1792 1791 1790 _ Figures (in millions of dollars) for July-Dec. are as follows: Series Q 518, 817; Q 519, 179; Q 520, 638; Q 521,1,625; Q 522, 200; Q 523, 1,425. 761 Q 524-541 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 524-529. Tonnage of Waterborne Imports and Exports, by Flag of Carrier Vessel: 1921 to 1970 [In thousands of short tons] Imports Year Exports Imports Total U.S. vessels Foreign vessels Total U.S. vessels Foreign 524 525 526 527 528 529 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 15,438 10,985 16,321 13,526 15,598 283,721 277,635 266,430 243,280 250,477 239,774 199,286 194,483 187,427 185,978 14,940 13,060 15,599 15,365 17,358 224,834 282,751 256,806 266,075 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 255,596 233,774 212,542 210,631 187,887 15,573 16,278 15.682 18,373 15,155 240,023 217,496 196,860 192,257 172,732 171,811 171,431 156,122 134,001 127,519 19,048 23,937 20,885 19,535 18,411 152,762 147,494 135,237 114,466 109,108 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 198,830 200,481 175,605 172,030 159,472 19.627 19,219 181,262 179,203 123,887 154,977 137,472 120,078 114,748 165,796 144,755 20,133 17,724 103,754 90,557 96,062 136,704 117,451 299,159 288,620 20.628 34,558 39,394 108,281 18,686 29,092 27,304 186,226 178,884 172,062 168,620 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 141,123 120,685 119,003 107,421 100,603 37,409 36,291 38,468 41.683 42,836 103,715 84,395 80,535 65,738 57,767 112,796 78,178 80,549 103,048 115,690 22,144 18.378 19,448 30,417 43,232 90,652 59,800 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946. 96,703 77,371 67,416 59,203 49,184 42,268 41,364 40,528 37,682 32,340 54,435 36,007 62,685 71,865 88,312 124,317 87,043 20.379 26,136 34,501 42,306 45,729 53,810 63,254 37,244 1 26,888 21,521 16,844 61,101 72,630 72,458 61,062 49,799 Year Total U.S. 524 525 Exports Foreign Total U.S. vessels Foreign 529 i. i. i i 33,320 30,988 27,393 31,415 26,209 24,740 17,399 8,011 61,603 55,215 47,765 41,670 37,729 34,002 25,302 16,227 23,874 21,213 22,463 25,443 1940.. 1939.. 1938.. 1937.. 1936.. 44,667 42,054 36,756 47,110 43,003 17,322 12,459 13,527 14.967 14,780 27,345 29,595 23,230 32,143 28,223 60,929 61,697 12,939 10,557 61,105 44,480 11,602 12,189 9,650 47,990 51,140 50,684 48,916 34,830 1935.. 1934.. 1933.. 1932.. 1931.. 38,042 33,392 29,755 32,156 40,168 15,820 14,299 12,340 14,923 19,168 22,221 19,092 17,415 17,232 21,000 42,723 42,360 36,272 35,666 44,855 9,789 10,567 9,357 9,125 12,396 32,935 31,792 26,914 26,541 32,459 1930.. 1929.. 1928.. 19271926.. 53,270 57,103 53,083 47,245 50,049 27,801 27,089 24,033 23,638 25,469 28,844 25,993 23,212 26,411 55,699 64,372 65,889 63,768 76,316 16,703 20,071 21,602 20,939 19,177 38,995 44,301 44,287 42,829 57,140 19251924.. 1923.. 1922.. 1921- 48,311 45,807 48,491 50,044 37,167 23,760 24.968 25,518 31,286 26,269 24,551 20,839 22,973 18,758 10,898 55,626 58,533 54,970 47,602 54,477 17,603 20,515 18,131 18,871 20,784 38,024 38,018 36,838 28,731 33,692 1945 1944 1943 1942 7,111 6,248 9,994 28,260 62,286 Excludes U.S. Army and Navy cargo and Great Lakes. Series Q 530-541. Waterborne Cargo Tonnage, Foreign and Domestic: 1924 to 1970 [In thousands of short tons of 2,000 pounds. For definition of cargo tonnage, see text. Net totals are derived by deducting two types of duplications from unadjusted totals: (1) Traffic between seaports and river points, and (2) "Other duplications," comprising principally coastwise and lake traffic passing through canals and connecting channels other than the St. Marys Falls Canal and the Detroit River] Foreign commerce Year Foreign and domestic commerce Total 530 531 Through seaports Imports Exports Domestic commerce Great Lakes ports Imports Exports Net total > Between ports Coastwise Lakewise 534 Local and intraport a Internal 539 Intraterritory > 541 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 1,531,697 1,448,712 1,395,839 1,336,606 1,334,116 580,969 521,312 507,950 465,972 471,391 312,934 295,648 278,827 248,245 257,173 205,698 168,944 166,580 162,443 155,759 26,406 24,645 32,110 27,720 26,674 35,932 32,075 30,434 27,564 31,785 950,727 927,399 887,889 870,634 862,725 238,440 216,708 214,251 214,647 208,375 157,059 160,844 151,116 153,597 164,037 81,475 87,536 90,730 102,320 99,215 472,123 460,945 430,174 398,593 389,852 1,630 1,366 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 1,272,896 1,238,094 1,173,767 1,129,404 1,062,155 443,727 421,925 385,659 358,599 329,330 244,874 224,433 209,370 207,041 188,179 142,121 142,874 129,782 110,492 106,959 24,961 24,152 15,649 11,986 31,771 30,465 28,502 25,417 23,205 829,169 18,006 788,108 770,805 732,825 201.508 205,688 213,853 215,461 206,899 153,695 151,405 141,741 135,744 136,841 102,865 99,579 98,981 102.277 93,929 369,615 357,916 331,902 316,062 294,052 1,486 1,580 1,630 1960. 1959. 1958. 1957. 1956. 1,099,850 1,052,402 1,004,516 1,131,401 1,092,913 339,277 325,670 308,851 358,540 326,690 198,466 198,608 181,480 176,236 163,349 104,810 91,629 101,555 146,890 126,448 12,851 14,878 8,004 10,116 10,865 23,151 20,555 17,811 25,298 26,027 760,573 726,732 695,665 772,862 766,223 209,197 205.509 194,050 196,419 205,910 155,109 131,220 132,289 182,150 173,991 104.193 106,747 105,425 110,824 114,364 291,057 282,269 261,069 269,734 1,017 987 2,832 2,403 2,225 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. 1,016,136 867,640 923,548 887,722 924,128 271,103 213,844 217,396 227,326 232,056 144,276 123,503 120,595 108,674 101,813 95,404 65,244 63,780 85,072 97,603 8,681 5,921 7,387 7,287 6,935 22,742 19.176 25,635 26,293 25,705 745,033 653,796 706,151 660,396 692,073 195,718 187,240 188.758 184,207 186.759 184,809 145,364 112,863 102,719 102,562 103,972 112,029 249,693 217,061 224,957 216,644 213,405 1,951 1,411 1,253 1,460 1,417 1950. 1949 1948. 1947. 1946. 820,584 740,721 793,200 766,817 617,032 169,225 165,358 162,971 188,256 148,877 96,299 77,153 68,078 57,366 47,948 43,640 65,740 65,404 101,996 76,589 5,683 4,839 4,219 4,796 4,163 23,603 17.626 25,270 24,098 20.177 651,359 575,363 630,229 578,561 468,155 182,544 161,431 174,081 153,098 137,609 169,881 145,592 172,491 163,180 138,617 106,906 102,637 113,959 1,239 112,668 190,789 165,703 169,698 149,615 1945. 1944 1943 1942 1941 618,906 605,928 580,581 589,900 653,600 172,094 153,736 127,284 99,221 120,652 44,526 39,441 33,077 25,974 54,616 100,333 82,613 63,086 46,023 40,605 6,511 8,055 7,120 4,488 4,628 20,724 23.627 24,001 22,736 446,812 452,192 453,297 490,679 532,948 90,705 70,806 60,009 74,016 155,927 157,900 164,971 159,458 172,606 163,161 97,822 106.194 106.278 104,189 98,728 87,073 95,821 93,689 92,748 85,368 See footnotes at end of table. 762 20,802 816,168 188,621 154,112 178,463 91,225 281,066 81,668 1,618 1,478 1,247 1,262 1,104 Q 414-505 WATER TRANSPORTATION Series Q 530-541. Waterborne Cargo Tonnage, Foreign and Domestic: 1924 to 1970—Con. [In thousands of short tons of 2,000 pounds] Domestic commerce Foreign commerce Foreign and domestic commerce Year Through seaports Total Imports Great Lakes ports Exports Imports Exports 534 530 Net total 1 536 Between ports Coastwise Lake- Local and intraport ! Internal 537 538 539 540 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 607,900 569,400 466,900 583,100 525,842 111,255 112,667 105,182 114,413 90,247 40,740 37,854 33,886 43,764 37,507 49,568 57,711 55,476 52,910 37,154 4,118 4,941 6,110 4,102 6.423 16,829 12,161 10,710 13,637 10,163 496,645 456,733 361,718 468,687 435,595 157,027 150,983 138,545 149,740 132,515 141,103 113,309 72,846 135,076 115,260 97,632 87,710 76,216 91,059 88,024 70,217 62,014 56,034 56,295 44,337 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 453,331 414,308 394,104 342,489 445,648 81,639 77,898 69,466 70,429 89,525 33,942 30,553 27,670 29,843 37,375 33,922 33,570 31,197 30,039 38,841 4,716 4,287 3,034 3,072 4,016 9,059 9,488 7,565 7,475 9,293 371,692 336,410 324,638 272,060 356,123 115,561 113,349 110,675 94,434 113,949 71,686 68,911 39,544 71,788 76,583 60,998 55,207 54,845 67,530 35,720 34,894 26,030 27,242 37,327 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 520,280 583,800 539,200 532,500 540,500 114,110 127,510 126,768 120,523 131,293 46,448 51,591 46,690 43,388 44,834 48,148 55,761 56,151 56,550 69,859 7,590 6,385 8,648 8,098 6.424 11,924 13,773 15,379 12,487 10,176 406,170 456,290 412,432 411,977 409,207 117,821 124,999 119,254 121,036 108,023 109,791 135,838 119,301 112,805 115,791 79,414 89,528 76,728 78,020 88,270 37,691 41,995 39,870 40,659 36,798 1925 1924 483,400 453,700 108,548 101,562 42,793 36,425 49,251 49,008 7,317 4,962 9,187 11,167 374,852 352,138 105,090 88,554 110,626 92,563 69,981 77,270 49,787 34,101 1 Figures for 1924-1945 are approximations; there are some minor duplications in figures for foreign traffic. Domestic commerce, for 1924-1946, includes "rivers, canals, and connecting channels," not shown separately. Series Q 542-547. 2 Includes figures for harbor traffic of New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco; local traffic of other seaports, and local traffic of lake ports. 8 Beginning 1959, excludes traffic in Alaska and Hawaii; such traffic included in other domestic traffic categories. Waterborne Bulk Freight Traffic on the Great Lakes: 1900 to 1970 [In thousands of short tons] Dry bulk Year Total Iron ore 542 Bulk trade in petroleum products Coal Grain Stone 544 545 546 547 Dry bulk Year Total Iron ore Coal Grain Stone 542 543 544 545 546 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 209,531 196,267 191,947 192,503 210,128 97,550 96,664 93,667 90,279 95,506 49,684 46,924 48,862 52,891 55,585 23,820 16,595 16,325 17,617 25,014 38,477 36,083 33,093 31,717 34,022 13.873 13,149 12,834 12,110 12,980 1935. 1934. 1933. 1932. 1931. 82,887 75,739 71.373 41,673 74,149 31,766 24,919 24,218 3,997 26,284 35,289 35.477 31,777 24,857 31,176 6,750 7,951 8,713 8,890 9,480 9,082 7,392 6,665 3,929 7,209 1966. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961 195,332 192,041 174,341 157,490 154,201 88,063 87,489 75,374 70,656 68,205 54,574 52,143 51,643 46,184 43,970 21,875 21,637 18,777 15,919 16,608 30,819 30,771 28,547 24,731 25,418 11,168 10,790 12,417 13,893 14.874 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926. 112,529 138,574 127,331 120,760 121,289 52,173 73,028 60,458 57,240 65,563 38,072 39,255 34,823 34,794 31,011 9,851 10,021 16,372 14,693 12,087 12,433 16,270 15,678 14,033 12,628 1960. 1959. 1958. 1957. 1956. 169,857 144,622 141,434 196,206 192,267 81,842 57,626 61,362 97,752 89,819 46,701 47,228 44,950 56,780 57,375 14,136 13,609 12,626 11,235 14,320 27,179 26,160 22,496 30,439 30,753 14,295 14,410 14,025 16,628 16,137 1925. 1924. 1923. 1922. 1921. 113,292 98,047 121,029 89,455 68,034 60,571 47,737 66,122 47,727 24,977 28,049 25,861 33,137 19,869 26,661 13,320 15,223 11,850 14,267 12,470 11,352 9,226 9,920 7,692 3,926 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. 193,759 151,298 199,697 168,677 189,750 99,871 68,090 107,346 83,900 99,783 53,378 46.367 51,035 46,284 50,946 10,788 11,866 14,317 15,215 13,160 29,722 24,975 26,999 23,278 25,871 15,532 14,901 16,810 17,448 16,297 1920. 1919. 1918. 1917. 1916. 106,519 91,762 114,614 115,102 117,053 65,651 52,839 68,495 69,998 72,503 26,410 26,424 32,102 31,193 28,440 6,736 6,092 6,549 7,162 10,556 7,822 6,407 7,468 6,749 5,664 1950. 1949. 1948. 1947. 1946 177,953 151,697 185,612 177,606 147,955 87,591 77,902 92,890 87,246 66,478 57,640 40,930 60,564 58,060 53,727 9,327 12,543 9,877 11,409 10,198 23,395 20,322 22,282 20,891 17,552 13,331 12,607 10,956 10,145 10,217 1915. 1914. 1913. 1912 1911 93,060 72,940 100,018 87,174 68,646 51,877 35,864 54,959 53,129 35,987 26,220 27,282 33,362 24,673 26,700 11,099 9,794 11,697 9,372 6,959 3,854 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 175,083 184,159 175,653 182,731 172,287 84,801 90,911 94,534 103,125 89,732 55,246 60,163 51,969 52.534 53.535 18,718 16,229 11,810 8,502 11,387 16,318 16,856 17,340 18,570 17,633 9,364 10,196 9,450 8,940 9,387 1910. 1909. 1908 1907 1906 80,016 71,954 53,791 74,743 66,152 47,733 46,686 28,479 46,245 42,015 26.478 18,617 19,288 21,487 17,274 5,804 6,651 6,024 7,011 6,863 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 145,216 114,230 75,118 134,688 114,415 71,358 50,482 21,575 70,111 50,201 49,320 40.368 34,623 44,319 44,699 9,645 11,172 10,679 5,829 7,434 14,893 12,208 8,241 14,429 12,081 1905 1904. 1903. 1902 1901. 58,008 40,331 46,571 44.374 37,064 37,494 23,774 26,488 30,284 22,576 14,401 12,370 13,361 9,196 9,820 6,113 4,187 5,732 4,894 4,668 1900 35,298 20,799 8,908 5,591 763 Q 548-555 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 548-552. Freight Traffic on the Sault Ste. Marie Canals: 1855 to 1900 [In thousands of short tons, except grain in thousands of bushels] Year Total traffic Iron ore Coal 548 649 550 Grain Stone Year 551 552 Total traffic Iron ore 548 Coal Grain Stone 550 551 552 1900. 1899 1898. 1897. 1896. 25,643 25,256 21,235 18,983 16,239 16,444 15,328 11,707 10,634 7,909 4,487 3,941 3,776 3,039 3,023 56,664 88,398 88,418 80,814 90,705 49 39 5 6 18 1875. 1874. 1873. 1872. 1871. 833 655 888 746 586 493 428 504 383 327 101 61 97 81 47 1,486 1,270 2,430 1,013 1,686 1895. 1894. 1893. 1892. 1891. 16,063 13,196 10,797 11,214 8,889 8,062 6,549 4,015 4,901 3,560 2,574 2,797 3,008 2,904 2,508 64,547 36,414 45,887 42,661 39,849 24 21 19 40 44 1870. 1869 1868 1867 1866 540 368 299 325 239 410 239 192 223 152 16 28 26 23 20 354 324 285 249 230 1890. 1889. 1888. 1887 9,041 7,616 6,411 6,496 4,528 4,776 4,096 2,571 2,498 2,088 2,177 1,629 2,105 1,353 1,010 18,262 18,325 20,619 23,872 19,707 48 34 34 13 9 1865 1864. 1863 1862 1861 182 284 237 162 88 147 214 182 113 46 144 78 59 77 1885 1884. 1883 1882 1881. 3,257 2,876 2,267 2,030 1,568 1,235 1,136 792 987 748 895 706 714 430 296 15,697 12,503 6,677 4,202 3,825 8 6 2 5 1860 1859 1858 1857 1856 154 122 57 52 34 120 66 31 26 12 133 72 21 41 82 1880 1879 1878 1877 1876 1,322 1,051 937 913 1,074 677 540 556 568 610 171 111 92 92 125 4,659 3,578 2,138 1,728 2,396 2 2 3 3 2 1855 15 1886. Z 1 (Z) Less than 500 short tons. Series Q 553-555. [For years ending June 30. Year Commercial Ocean Traffic on the Panama Canal: 1915 to 1970 Includes oceangoing tolls-paying vessels and foreign naval vessels of 300 net tons and over (Panama Canal measurement) for vessels rated on net tonnage, or 500 tons displacement and over for vessels rated on displacement tonnage] Number of transits Tolls ($1,000) 553 554 Cargo (1,000 long tons) Year Number of transits Tolls ($1,000) Cargo (1,000 long tons) Year 555 553 Number of transits Tolls ($1,000) Cargo (1,000 long tons) 553 554 555 1970— 1969.. 1968.. 1967.. 1966- 13,658 13,146 13,199 12,412 11,925 94,620 87,423 83,907 76,769 69,095 114,257 101,373 96,550 86,193 81,704 1950. 1949. 1948. 1947. 1946. 6,448 4,793 4,678 4,260 3,747 24,430 20,541 19,967 17,597 14,774 28,872 25,305 24,118 21,671 14,978 1930.. 1929.. 1928.. 1927.. 1926- 6,027 6,289 6,253 5,293 5,087 27,060 27,111 26,922 24,212 22,920 30,018 30,648 29,616 27,734 26,030 1965. 1964.. 1963. 1962. 1961.. 11,834 11,808 11,017 11,149 10,866 65.443 61,098 56,368 57,290 54,128 76,573 70,550 62,247 67,525 63,670 1945. 1944. 1943. 1942. 1941. 1,939 1,562 1,822 2,688 4,727 7,244 5,456 7,357 9,752 18,158 8,604 7,003 10,600 13,607 24,951 19251924.. 1923.. 1922.. 1921.. 4,592 5,158 3,908 2,665 2,791 21,394 24,285 17,504 11,192 11,269 23,957 26,993 19,666 10,883 11,596 I960.. 1959_ 1958.. 1957. 1956. 10,795 9,718 9,187 8,579 8,209 50,939 45,529 41,796 38.444 36,154 59,258 51,163 48,125 49,702 45,119 1940. 1939. 1938 1937. 1936 5,370 5,903 5.524 5,387 5,382 21,145 23,661 23,170 23,102 23,479 27,299 27,867 27,387 28,108 26,506 1920.. 19191918.. 1917.. 1916 >. 2,393 1,948 1,989 1,738 724 8,508 6,164 6,429 5,621 2,403 9,372 6,910 7,626 7,055 3,093 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. 7,997 7,784 7,410 6,524 5,593 33,849 33,248 31,918 26,923 23,906 40,646 39,095 36,095 33,611 30,073 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 5,180 5,234 4,162 4,362 5,370 23,307 24,047 19,602 20,695 24,625 25,310 24,704 18,161 19,799 25,065 1915!. 1,058 4,367 4,888 1 Canal closed about 7 months by slides. 764 2 Canal opened Aug. 15,1914. Q 414-505 WATER TRANSPORTATION Series Q 556-557. Tonnage Moved on New York State Canals: 1837 to 1970 [In short tons of 2,000 pounds] All canals Year Erie division, freight originating All canals Year Erie division, freight originating All canals Year Erie division, freight originating 556 557 All canals Year 556 4,729,654 4,852,941 5,557,692 5,598,785 4,507,635 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 2,734,963 3,248,440 3,249,035 3,219,994 3,147,129 983,986 1,492,071 1,409,769 1,332,853 1.314.250 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 4,489,172 4,142,728 4,074,002 3.643.433 3.722.012 3,898,506 3,645,125 3,574,951 3,186,094 3,277,936 1900. 1899. 1898. 1897. 1896. 3,345,941 3,686,051 3,360,063 3,617,804 3,714,894 2,145,876 2,419,084 2,338,020 2,584,906 2,742,438 1865 1864 1863 1862 1861 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 3,270,796 3,194,696 3,225,526 3,279,944 3,223,558 1,508,546 1,500,946 1.541.251 1,610,959 1,583,098 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 3,605,457 2,876,160 3,089,998 2,581,892 2,369,367 3,044,271 2,422,204 2,535,684 2,047,774 1,935,278 1895. 1894 1893. 1892. 1891. 3,500,314 3,882,560 4,331,963 4,281,995 4,563,472 2,356,084 3,144,144 3,235,726 2,978,832 3,097,853 1860 1859 1858 1857 1856 1960. 1959. 1958. 1957. 1956. 3,415,095 3,719,919 4,000,580 4,468,539 4,858,044 1,772,789 1,976,739 2,056,733 2,675,853 3,053,219 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 2.344.013 2,032,317 2,006,284 1.873.434 1,270,407 1,945,466 1,691,766 1890. 1889. 1888 1887. 5,246,102 5,370,369 4,942,948 5,553,805 5,293,982 3,303,929 3,673,554 3,321,516 3,840,513 3,808,642 1855 1854 1853 1852 1851 4,022,617 4,165,862 4,247,853 3,863,441 3,582,733 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. 4,616,399 3,859,335 4,497,231 4,487,858 5,211,472 2,779,491 2,395,291 3,211,932 3,112,480 3,673,104 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1,421,434 1,238,844 1,159,270 1,297,225 1,625,050 891,221 842,164 667,374 675,083 917,689 1885. 1884. 1883. 1882. 4,731,784 5,009,488 5,664,056 5,467,423 5,179,192 3,208,207 3,389,555 3,587,102 3,694,364 3,598,721 1850 18491848 1847 1846 3,076,617 2,894,732 2,796,230 2,869,810 1950. 1949. 1948. 1947. 1946. 4,615,613 3,949,739 4,513,817 3,790,050 2,820,541 3,620,346 2,685,635 3,121,411 2,514,643 1,685,516 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1,858,114 2,080,850 2,602,035 1880. 3,097,068 1,155,235 1,361,764 1,788,453 1,795,069 2,031,735 1879. 1878. 1877. 1876. 6,457,656 5,362,372 5,171,320 4,955,963 4,172,129 4,608,651 3,820,027 3,608,634 3,254,367 2,418,422 1845 5 844 1843 1842. 1841— 1945. 1944. 1943. 1942. 1941 2,968,682 2,506,840 2,824,160 3,539,101 4,505,059 1.665.447 1.729.448 2,166,393 2,760,596 3,512,829 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 3,073,412 3,116,536 3,051,877 3,407,914 3,540,907 2,023,185 2,031,307 2,177,443 2,415,548 2,385,491 1875. 1874. 1873. 1872. 1871. 4,859,958 5,804,588 6,364,782 6,673,370 6,467,888 2,787,226 3,097,122 3,602,535 3,562,560 3,580,922 1840 1839 1838 1837 1940. 1939 1938 1937. 1936. 4,768,160 4,689,037 4,709,488 5,010,464 5,014,206 3,587,086 3,643,782 3,349,250 4,173,700 4,220,397 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 3,226,896 3,138,547 3,615,385 3,274,610 3,420,613 1,999,824 1,945,708 2,414,018 2,105,876 2,257,035 1870 1869. 1868 1867. 6,173,769 5,859,080 6,442,225 5,688,325 5,775,220 3,083,132 2,845,072 3,346,986 2,920,578 2,896,027 Series Q 558. 2,606,116 1,626,062 1,485,109 993,639 Total Year 558 1881. 1866. — 2,268,662 — 1,977,565 1,816,586 1,513,439 1,236,931 1,521,661 1,416,046 1,435,713 1,333,011 1,171,296 Total Year For years ending June 30] Total Year 558 Total Year 558 1970. 1969. 1968. 1967. 1966. 1,050,803 1,124,790 1,170,845 1,182,958 1,208,301 1940 1939. 1938. 1937. 1936. 107,082 115,987 135,921 178,825 106,239 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906. 29,273 34,579 30,361 23,310 25,955 1880 1879 1878 1877 1876 8,080 8,267 3,791 4,655 5,736 1850. 1849. 1848. 1847. 1846. 1965. 1964. 1963. 1962. 1961. 1,092,588 993,916 1,004,022 889,936 863,600 1935 1934 1933 1932. 1931 162,375 104,873 76,788 84,260 80,903 1905. 1904 1903 1902. 1901 22,814 22,546 19,590 14,948 19,544 1875 1874 1873 1872 1871 6,434 5,704 6,312 4,962 4,421 1845, 18441843. 1842_ 1841- 1960. 1959. 1958. 1957. 1956. 800,948 721,767 624,558 545,032 489,118 1930 1929. 1928 1927 1926 73,970 57,299 70,197 60,620 63,464 1900 1899 1898 1897 1896 18,736 16,094 20,792 13,686 18,119 1870 1869 1868 1867 1866 3,528 3,545 3,457 1,217 295 1840_ 183918381837. 1836. 1955. 1954. 1953. 1952. 1951. 455,612 475,418 272,130 214,957 204,699 1925. 1924 1923 1922 1921 69,882 62,025 47,478 43,393 57,166 1895 1894. 1893 1892 1891 19,944 19,888 14,804 13,024 12,253 1865 1864 1863 1861 305 102 65 37 172 18351834. 18331832. 1831- 1950. 1949. 1948. 1947. 1946. 190,456 160,431 115,728 89,170 79,542 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 47,188 33,078 29,594 30,487 32,450 1890 1889. 1888 1887 1886 11,740 11,234 7,007 7,786 4,197 1860 1859 1858 1857 1856 228 290 427 268 161 1830. 1829. 1945. 1944 1943 1942 1941 57,146 64,366 84,368 88,664 86,530 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 46,834 50,762 42,275 35,861 33,968 1885 1884 1883 1882. 10,558 8,237 13,839 11,624 9,072 1855. 1854. 1853. 1852. 1851. 791 937 489 40 70 4,650,214 3,781,684 3,665,192 3,344,061 4,116,082 Federal Expenditures for Rivers and Harbors: 1822 to 1970 [In thousands of dollars. Year 1886. — 1881. 1862. 1828. 1827. 1826. 1825. 1824. 1823. 1822_ 765 Q 559-564 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 559-564. Investment in Canals, by Region and Agency of Enterprise: 1815 to 1860 [In millions of dollars] United States Total State Private 559 560 561 1.2 1.9 1.0 1.4 1.6 2.9 3.2 2.8 3.5 4.2 5.3 4.7 3.8 3.4 4.7 4.2 3.8 2.4 1.9 4.9 3.4 4.5 4.7 1.8 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.1 .8 2.0 1.1 2.0 .7 .7 1.0 - Northeast South United States West Year 564 0.1 .5 1.1 .7 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.7 2.3 3.0 3.6 .9 1.4 1.5 2.8 4.0 3.3 2.8 3.8 2.5 1.6 3.0 3.6 4.2 2.9 3.9 3.5 .5 1.0 .3 .3 0.1 .2 .4 .5 .4 0.1 .1 .3 .3 .4 .5 .1 .1 .2 .8 .7 .4 .3 .6 .7 .7 .2 .3 .2 .6 .3 .1 .3 2.4 11.3 9.5 7.2 3.0 4.1 5.1 8.4 7.3 1.2 4.7 4.4 4.4 Represents zero. 766 Z Less than $50,000. 6.0 1.9 1.9 562 563 564 1.2 .3 .1 .1 .2 2.7 1.2 .5 .4 .2 1832. 1831. 1830. 1829. 1828. 4.6 3.7 7.5 7.0 7.8 2.9 2.2 5.1 3.7 4.0 1.7 1.5 2.4 3.2 3.7 4.2 3.0 6.1 5.2 6.0 .1 .1 .5 .8 .7 .4 .7 1.0 .9 1.0 1827. 5.6 4.0 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.3 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.2 3.3 2.5 1.2 .7 .7 4.3 3.0 2.2 1.9 2.4 .4 .3 .4 .6 .4 .9 .8 .1 2.7 1.6 1.1 .8 .7 2.3 1.3 .8 .6 .6 .3 .2 .2 .2 .1 2.2 1.3 .8 .7 .6 .4 .3 .3 .1 .2 .1 1826. 1816. .5 14.3 13.6 12.3 1.8 561 West 4.4 2.9 2.9 3.9 4.9 1822. 1821. 1820. 1819. 8.8 .6 560 South 4.3 2.6 1.5 1.6 2.6 .7 1.9 559 Northeast 3.9 1.8 2.0 2.8 2.7 1.0 .8 .6 1.1 9.8 Private 8.2 4.4 3.5 4.4 5.3 .6 2.6 State 1837. 1836. 1835. 1834. 1833. 1825. 1824. 1823. 1.0 3.1 11.7 Total 1818. 1817. 1815. (Z) (Z) .2 Chapter Q Air Transportation (Series Q 565-637) Q 565-637. General note. Only scattered data on air transportation are available for years before 1926. Regular collection of national statistics began with the establishment in that year of an Aeronautics Branch in the Department of Commerce. In 1934 a Bureau of Air Commerce was organized in that department;. The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 created the Civil Aeronautics Authority, an independent regulatory agency, which was reorganized in 1940 into 2 separate entities, the Civil Aeronautics Board and the Civil Aeronautics Administration. In 1958, the latter's functions were transferred to the Federal Aviation Agency, which in turn was made a part of the Department of Transportation in 1966 and renamed the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The F A A ' s annual Statistical Handbook of Civil Aviation is the source for the statistics presented here. Federal promotion and regulation of civil aviation are carried out by the Civil Aeronautics Board and the Federal Aviation Administration. The Board issues certificates permitting persons to engage in air transportation as a business, fixes air mail rates which they may charge, and may establish maximum and minimum rates for transportation of passengers and goods. The responsibility for investigation of aviation accidents, formerly held by the Civil Aeronautics Board, now (1975) resides with the National Transportation Safety Board of the Department of Transportation. The principal activities of the Federal Aviation Administration are: Controlling the use of navigable airspace; prescribing regulations dealing with the competence of airmen, airworthiness of aircraft, and aircraft control; operation of air route traffic control centers, airport traffic control towers, and flight service stations; the design, construction, maintenance, and inspection of navigation, traffic control, and communications equipment for the airways; and promotion of air safety. These agencies publish annual operational data on the use of airway facilities; data related to the location of airmen, aircraft, and airports; the activity volume in the field of non-air carrier (general aviation) flying; and aircraft production and registration. Statistics of domestic scheduled airline operations cover trunk airlines, local service airlines, helicopter carriers, and territorial airlines except those operating in Alaska. Scheduled intrastate airlines are not included anywhere, nor are those operating locally in Alaska. Statistics of international scheduled airline operations include not only operations to and from foreign countries but overseas operations to American possessions. They also include the service of Northwest Airlines and Pan American World Airways between the United States and Alaska. Some companies operate in both the domestic and the international fields, but the statistics are segregated. Operations of scheduled carriers of cargo only are generally not included. Q 565-576. Aircraft production and exports, 1913-1970. Source: U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation, various annual issues (including, in some cases, subsequent revisions). There is no aircraft production in Alaska or Hawaii. Q 577-590. Scheduled air transportation, domestic and international, 1926-1970. Source: See source for series Q 565-576. The term certificated route air carrier refers to air carriers holding certificates of public convenience and necessity, issued by the Civil Aeronautics Board, authorizing the performance of scheduled air transportation over specified routes and a limited amount of nonscheduled operations. Certificated route air carriers are often referred to as "scheduled airlines," although they also perform nonscheduled service. Nonscheduled service comprises revenue flights that are not operated in regular scheduled service, such as charter flights, and all nonrevenue flights incident to such flights. Scheduled service is transport service operated over an air carrier's certificated routes, based on published flight schedules, including extra sections and related nonrevenue flights. For series Q 579, the figures are for "route mileage operated" from the beginning of the series through 1961. Thereafter, they represent the total route miles for passenger/cargo and all-cargo carriers, reported separately in the source. Series Q 589, average available seats, was derived by dividing passenger seat-miles by revenue miles flown in passenger service. Q 591-603. Scheduled airline revenues and expenses, 1938-1970. Source: See source for series Q 565-576. Q 604-623. Airports, aircraft, pilots, and miles flown, 1926-1970. Source: See source for series Q 565-576. Figures for airports and landing fields, series Q 604-605, include civil, military, and FAA (formerly CAA) fields but exclude seaplane facilities prior to 1953. Growth of airports after 1940 was stimulated by Federal defense expenditures during World War II and by the Federal-aid airport program thereafter. Estimates of the number of certificated pilots, series Q 607-610, refer to persons certificated by F A A in the various classifications. Some may not have been actively engaged in the classification for which they were certificated. The count of certificated pilots after 1941 is not directly comparable with the previous years as the Civil Aeronautics Regulations were amended to permit pilot certificates currently effective on April 1, 1942, to continue in effect indefinitely. This amendment expired on July 1,1947. The number of commercial pilots, series Q 609, rose sharply after 1944 because the CAA awarded many veterans commercial certificates on the basis of their military flying experience. The number of private pilots, series Q 610, increased sharply after 1939 because of the federally subsidized civilian pilot training program which was initiated in 1939. It gave preliminary training to hundreds of thousands of men who went into the military service. Miles flown, series Q 614-618, includes business flying (by corporate executives or employees or by individuals, including farmers, on personal business), commercial flying (contract, charter, crop-dusting, photographic, etc.), instructional flying, pleasure flying, and other flying (testing, experimental, ferrying, Civil Air Patrol, etc.). Separate data on these five categories are given in the source. Q 624-637. Air transportation accidents, 1927-1970. Source: 1927-1962, see source for series Q 565-576; 1963-1970, U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board, Handbook of Airline Statistics, 1971. An aircraft accident is considered to be any occurrence, while the aircraft is operating as such, which results in fatal or serious injury 767 TRANSPORTATION Q 565-576 to persons or appreciable damage to the aircraft. The aircraft is considered to be "operating as such" from the time the engine is started for purposes of flight until the flight is completed; in the case of gliders, while they are under tow or gliding. Series Q 565-576. Propeller accidents to persons are included. A collision between two or more aircraft is counted as one accident. Data include military contract operations for 1956-1970 but not for earlier years. Scheduled cargo carriers are included for 19491970, but not for earlier years. Aircraft Production and Exports: 1913 to 1970 Exports 2 Number of aircraft produced Aircraft exported 8 Civil Total 565 For U.S. Military 566 Total Transports 567 568 General aviation Total Singleengine Multiengine Rotorcraft Value of all products 1 (11,000) Value ($1,000) Number 575 8,190 13,600 14,969 14,479 16,397 313 509 702 500 322 7,381 12,581 13,749 13,536 15,723 6,029 10,193 11,479 11,530 13,226 1,352 2,388 2,270 2,006 2,497 496 510 518 443 352 13,466,000 12,764,000 13,850,000 11,894,000 8,725,000 2,383 3,322 3,682 3,881 3,611 1,316,041 1,235,336 1,403,930 787,682 553,908 221 158 80 146 180 12,053 9,459 7,628 6,797 6,943 10,023 7,812 6,317 5,765 5,980 2,030 1,647 1,311 1,032 372 450 413 306 291 7,057,000 6,431,000 5,617,000 5,900,000 5,842,000 3,129 2,577 2,251 2,131 2,459 482,236 287,345 244,101 323,340 334,790 9,053 1,639 12,646 10,067 8,121 7,249 7,414 10,324 11,227 11,117 12,419 13,307 2,143 2,985 4,235 5,614 6,102 8,181 8,242 6,882 6,805 7,205 238 262 218 322 205 7,726 7,802 6,478 6,173 6,765 6,438 6,785 5,609 5,250 5,715 1,288 1,017 869 923 1,050 217 178 186 310 235 6,429,000 7,134,000 (5) (») (s) 2,336 1,628 1,689 2,025 1,711 537,133 152,984 204,051 248,943 171,097 12,852 12,129 14,760 12,811 7,923 8,032 8,740 10,626 9,302 5,446 4,820 3,389 4,134 3,509 2,477 113 191 213 194 74 4,563 3,072 3,811 3,247 2,386 3,755 2,717 3,681 3,137 2,337 808 355 130 110 49 144 126 110 68 17 ( ss) («) 1,714 1,053 1,377 1,180 894 129,924 102,736 91,003 26,620 18,606 6,293 6,137 9,838 17,739 36,418 2,773 2,592 2,536 2,122 1,417 3,520 3,545 7,302 15,617 35,001 129 166 263 278 433 3,391 3,319 7,039 15,339 34,568 (*) ( ss ) ( ) 756 881 2,259 3,125 2,302 44,287 27,165 66,354 74,477 65,258 48,912 95,272 85,433 47,675 26,289 46,865 95,272 85,433 47,675 19,445 2,047 ' 6,844 «8,279,000 «16,047,000 «12,514,000 •5,817,000 •1,804,000 7,599 16,544 13,865 10,448 6,001 663,129 1,589,801 1,215,848 879,995 422,764 12,813 5,856 3,623 3,773 3,010 6,028 2,195 1,800 949 1,141 »6,785 3,661 1.823 2.824 1,869 »370,000 247,905 198,293 114,093 78,149 3,522 1,220 875 628 527 196,261 67,113 37,977 21,076 1,710 1,615 1,324 1,396 2,800 459 437 466 593 812 1,251 1,178 858 803 1,988 42,506 43,892 33,357 34,861 48,540 333 490 406 280 140 6,599 8,195 5,391 4,359 1,813 3,437 6,193 4,346 1,995 1,186 747 677 1,219 621 532 2,690 5,516 3,127 1,374 654 60,846 91,051 64,662 30,897 17,695 321 348 162 63 50 4,820 5,485 1,760 849 303 789 377 743 263 437 447 317 687 226 389 342 56 37 48 12,775 (NA) 13,142 (NA) 7,431 80 59 48 37 48 511 413 309 157 315 328 780 14,020 2,148 411 256 682 13,991 2,013 142 72 98 29 135 269 (NA) 14,373 (NA) (NA) (NA) 65 85 20 135 269 598 778 206 1,002 2,158 178 49 43 26 15 14 152 34 29 (NA) 790 152 34 29 958 189 82 - 768 ~«(>) 60 Represents zero. NA Not available. Value of aircraft, engines, parts, parachutes, etc. For 1959-1970, represents net sales value of "complete aircraft and parts" plus "aircraft engines and parts." 2 1913-1918, fiscal years; 1919-1957, calendar years. Data for the second half of 1918 are included with calendar year 1919. 8 Exclusive of gliders and barrage balloons. 1949-1954, civil aircraft only. < Total value of aircraft, engines, parts, etc. Prior to 1922, engine values were not reported separately but were probably included with either "other" internal combustion engines or with "parts" of aircraft. Values for parachutes and their parts have been included only since 1932. 1 (5) (s) 11,601 Comparable data not available. Values are for military aircraft produced in the United States only. These data were computed by the War Production Board in terms of August 1943 unit cost. The values are not meant to measure output at current prices or expenditures. The 1940 figure is only for the second half of that year; the 1945 figure covers only the first 8 months. 7 Represents domestic civil only; data on new aircraft produced for export not available. 5 6 AIR TRANSPORTATION Series Q 577-590. Q 577-590 Scheduled Air Transportation, Domestic and International: 1926 to 1970 [As of December 31 or for years ending December 31. All data reflect scheduled operations exclusively. Domestic data include intra-Alaska carriers beginning 1941 for series Q 586 and Q 587; 1948 for series Q 580 and Q 585; 1949 for series Q 582; and 1961 for series Q 581] Year Number of operators Aircraft Average Revenue Route passengermileage revenue Persons miles in operper employed flown ation passenger(1,000) mile 580 578 581 Revenue passengers carried Duplicated 1 (1,000) 582 Ton-miles flown Revenue passengermiles Undupliflown Express cated 3 (millions) and Mail (1,000) freight (1,000) (1,000) 584 585 Average Fuel consumed, available seats gasoline (mil. gal.) 588 589 DOMESTIC 1970 196 9 1968... 1967 1966-.. 33 33 38 39 40 2,437 2,423 2,317 2,194 2,027 171,615 150,431 125,581 119,768 111,488 $0.0587 .0590 .0561 .0564 .0583 242,206 255,386 244,742 223,380 196,298 2,013,484 2,000,269 1,715,857 1,462,240 1,178,458 153,408 168,405 145,774 128,479 105,789 104,156 102,717 87,508 75,487 60,591 1,966,009 1,916,472 1,578,992 1,314,409 1,108,691 705,711 801,416 564,084 405,352 291,277 27 113 223 332 110.4 109.8 100.8 94.4 91.2 196 5 196 4 1963 196 2 1961 40 40 40 40 41 1,896 1,863 1,832 1,831 1,867 114,110 115,147 114,089 112,944 102,309 .0606 .0612 .0617 .0644 .0628 169,962 153,243 143,112 138,673 136,987 1,088,112 957,575 888,793 827,694 795,165 92,073 79,139 69,366 60,738 56,900 51,887 44,141 38,457 33,623 31,062 943,128 743,963 603,725 554,599 454,142 225,992 189,782 174,439 166,801 150,452 448 507 554 696 743 89.2 86.1 83.4 79.4 72.9 196 0 195 9 195 8 195 7 195 6 42 39 39 40 40 1,594 1,596 1,546 1,494 1,347 101,414 95,063 89,569 88,325 84.189 .0609 .0588 .0664 .0531 .0533 133,717 132,042 119,746 119,333 103,489 820,756 841,925 784,200 791,265 694,050 56,352 54,955 48,297 48,761 41,738 30,567 29,308 25,375 25,379 22,399 386,933 344,728 294,018 268,791 247,255 135,923 120,308 107,018 100,218 94,523 922 1,142 1,188 1,165 1,005 65 58.7 55.8 53.7 52.4 1955195 4 195 3 1952 195 1 42 43 44 46 49 1,212 1,175 1,139 1,078 981 78,992 78,294 78,384 77,894 78,913 .0536 .0541 .0546 .0557 .0561 95,548 84,765 84,651 79,687 72,898 627,336 556,880 525,374 465,477 411,878 38,025 32,343 28,721 25,010 22,652 19,852 16,802 14,794 12,559 10,590 229,966 189,765 179,063 162,047 144,790 88,751 82,768 74,106 70,443 64,734 912 776 692 588 (NA) 51.2 50.1 46.1 42.7 39.6 195 0 1949 1948 1947 1946 52 51 39 27 23 960 913 878 810 674 77,440 72,667 68,702 62,215 53,981 .0554 .0576 .0574 .0505 .0463 61,903 59,886 60,416 58,998 69,182 369,826 355,501 338,217 325,054 309,889 17,345 15,081 13,168 12,890 12,213 8,007 6,752 5,976 6,105 5,945 152,223 123,603 102,360 64,637 38,590 47,740 41,889 38,198 33,086 32,969 418 375 332 294 236 37.5 35.0 32.4 30.0 25.3 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 19 18 18 19 19 421 288 204 186 370 48,516 47,384 42,537 41,596 45,163 .0495 .0534 .0535 .0527 .0504 50,313 31,198 29,654 26,910 19,223 208,969 138,732 105,355 111,341 134,406 3,849 6,576 4,046 3,020 3,137 * 3,464 3,360 2,177 1,632 1,418 1,385 22,175 16,974 15,618 11,896 5,257 65,103 51,146 36,067 21,167 13,108 135 90 65 69 82 19.7 19.1 18.3 17.9 17.5 1940. 1939 1938 1937 1936 19 42,757 5 36,654 »34,879 32,006 29,797 .0507 .0510 .0518 .056 .057 15,984 «10,639 69,008 7,586 7,079 110,101 82,925 68,610 66,791 64,307 2,803 1,735 1,197 985 932 12,523 « 1,561 * 1,077 4 887 1,052 683 480 412 '439 3,476 2,713 2,182 2,162 1,866 10,118 8,611 66 s 16 22 24 369 6 276 6 260 291 280 7,449 6,698 5,741 47 38 34 31 16.5 14.7 13.9 12.5 10.7 1935 1934 19331932 1931 26 24 25 32 39 363 423 418 456 490 29.190 28,609 28,283 28,956 30,857 .057 .059 .061 .061 .067 5,945 4,201 4,369 4,020 4,314 55,918 41,526 49,256 45,894 43,109 679 475 502 476 472 '316 ' 190 '175 ' 127 '107 1,098 » 597 •423 • 290 •221 4,133 2,237 "2,568 11 2,701 » 3,140 27 19 22 20 16 10.3 8.9 7.6 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 43 38 34 18 13 497 442 268 30,293 .083 2,778 1,958 1,496 32,645 22,729 10,528 5,856 4,318 8 385 ' 85 «101 •70 9 59 »13 s 18 .12 .11 .106 .12 12 8 8 8 8 8 162 8 48 6.6 12 6 2 1 1 •1 INTERNATIONAL 197 0 1969_ 1968_ 1967 196 6 205,666 193,554 163,534 158,823 156,745 .0500 .0496 .0495 .0501 .0516 48,520 53,954 50,283 46,510 42,398 369,870 369,476 408,136 350,719 285,711 16,260 13,493 16,407 14,020 12,272 27,563 22,703 26,451 23,259 19,298 942,008 936,554 927,250 796,964 721,609 548,845 463,099 679,357 560,402 452,635 92 9 18 31 154.9 121.9 135.6 132.2 129.3 196 5 1964_ 196 3 1962_ 196 1 152.293 154,096 153.294 153,219 138,668 .0529 .0545 .0582 .0587 .0608 36,882 34,695 32,327 30,400 29,506 247,766 214,375 192,140 171,500 161,297 10,847 9,381 8,037 7,079 6,112 16,789 14,352 11,905 10,138 8,769 597,324 394,681 296,404 264,729 217,164 254,093 180,991 181,257 172,017 144,804 41 46 61 91 128 129.1 127.2 124.8 118.7 108.7 196 0 195 9 195 8 195 7 1956 174 173 185 170 196 148,303 139,820 140,105 133,884 113,694 .0635 .0629 .0646 .0655 .0668 29,054 28,648 27,404 27,857 28,014 162,634 172,143 172,713 161,571 151,806 5,904 5,341 4,773 4,552 3,949 8,306 7,064 6,124 5,882 5,226 191,585 159,349 133,958 128,239 116,172 103,335 81,997 75,635 66,894 64,355 205 333 330 325 275 89.9 67.6 64.4 61.4 59.0 195 5 195 4 1953_ 195 2 195 1 147 161 161 149 140 117,282 112,488 111,826 110,465 108,763 .0666 .0676 .0684 .0701 .0710 26,655 24,776 24,741 24,385 22,855 135,441 120,322 114,153 106,158 98,703 3,416 2,875 2,699 2,365 2,042 4,499 3,810 3,451 3,066 2,614 96,378 86,840 79,579 75,706 71,665 61,233 43,554 31,630 28,201 27,089 258 205 189 182 (NA) 56.4 56.7 52.3 49.1 46.4 See footnotes at end of table. 769 Q 577-603 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 577-590. Year Scheduled Air Transportation, Domestic and International: 1926 to 1970—Con. Number of operators Aircraft 577 578 Route mileage 579 Average passengerrevenue Persons per employed passengermile Revenue miles flown (1,000) 682 681 680 Revenue Ton-miles flown passen- Revenue gers passengercarried, miles undupliflown Express cated 8 (millions) and Mail (1,000) freight (1,000) (1,000) 584 585 586 587 Fuel Average consumed, available gasoline seats (mil. gal.) 589 Average speed (m.p.h.) 590 INTERNATIONAL—Con. 1950. 1949. 1948. 1947. 1946. 160 177 175 154 147 106,401 109,011 105,853 95,503 66,419 .0728 .0772 .0801 .0777 .0831 20,883 21,108 24,192 26,164 27,372 94,626 105,119 98,053 86,481 59,376 1,676 1,520 1,373 1,360 1,041 2,214 2,060 1,894 1,814 1,104 60,588 56,190 45,603 32,904 15,096 26,228 24,410 20,664 15,503 8,165 154 143 123 103 60 41.0 36.6 35.1 35.2 27.2 218 207 199 191 166 1945. 1944_ 1943. 1942. 1941. 97 70 70; 68 83 38,885 29,708 27,211 (NA) (NA) .0868 .0783 .0794 .0886 .0861 17,968 11,409 9,625 12,803 7,236 32,609 22,273 18,458 18,681 14,410 476 341 279 269 229 450 312 246 237 163 8,728 6,215 5,096 4,772 2,630 2,763 25 16 14 17 11 18.9 18.5 17.6 17.7 18.0 151 149 1940. 1939. 1938. 1937. 1936. 68 84 73 92 94 52,322 43,455 34,968 31,979 31,990 .0883 .0857 .0833 6,067 5.275 4,266 4,000 2,916 9,652 7,607 7,043 7,909 6,904 163 129 109 •112 8 88 100 72 53 '54 '42 9 9 8 7 7 18.3 17.7 16.9 19351934. 1933. 19321931. 101 99 86 108 100 31,261 22,192 19,404 19,574 19,643 2,407 2.276 1,926 1,690 1,353 7,950 7,539 5,857 5,278 4,537 8 111 97 74 72 59 '46 '37 '25 '14 6 6 4 4 3 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926- 103 83 57 19,256 697 387 4,301 2,413 146 14 8 33 8 11 '19 2 ('») NA Not available. 1 Figures for 1961-1970 for domestic airlines are for total aircraft in service, domestic and international. 2 Duplication exists where (a) the same passengers were carried on more than 1 route of an air carrier; and (b) where the same passengers were carried by more than 1 air carrier. 8 Duplication has been eliminated where the same passengers were carried on more than 1 route of an air carrier, but still exists where the same passengers were carried by more than 1 air carrier. < Computed by CAA from reports of duplicated revenue passengers. Series Q 591-603. 8 8 8 8 '21 1 »1 Excludes Marine Airlines. Excludes Colonial and Marine Airlines. ' Includes nonrevenue passenger-miles flown. 8 Includes nonrevenue passengers. > Excludes Colonial Airlines, Inc., and Hawaiian Airlines, Ltd. 18 Excludes 224,236 ton-miles flown by U.S. Army. 11 Excludes Colonial Airlines, Inc. 12 Includes employees of Pan American Airways. 18 Included with domestic air transportation. 6 8 Scheduled Airline Revenues and Expenses: 1938 to 1970 [In thousands of dollars] Operating expenses Operating revenues Aircraft Year Total Passenger Mail (including subsidy) Express and freight Excess baggage Other Total Total Flying Direct maintenance flight equipment 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 7,180,938 6,613,425 6,297,594 4,475,594 3,589,659 4,005,322 3,702,356 2,948,964 2,501,951 2,007,928 2,119,362 1,947,738 1,605,477 1,229,479 974,179 1,135,808 1,057,917 911,297 831,715 680,413 Depreciation flight equipment 601 Ground and indirect expense 602 DOMESTIC 760,162 696,701 632,190 440,757 353,336 3,175,616 2,911,069 2,348,630 1,978,643 1,681,731 1970 1969 196 8 1967. 1966 2 7,180,121 6,936,606 6,607,054 4,886,572 4,070,323 6,246,416 5,943,446 4,911,881 4,260,000 3,534,335 206,679 224,120 186,654 170,180 161,796 498,322 462,139 343,392 287,254 251,344 12,134 11,699 8,943 7,236 5,954 216,570 294,202 157,184 161,902 116,894 1965 2 1964 2 1963 2 __ 1962 2 1961 2 3,608,506 3,094,628 2,722,464 2,497,900 2,245,495 3,142,048 2,701,111 2,374,392 2,167,476 1,951,491 167,626 149,122 142,775 139,461 129,589 219,612 181,396 152,414 136,947 114,500 12,041 16,674 17,473 19,661 20,399 77,280 46,325 35,410 85,366 29,514 3,165,073 1,810,851 2,777,925 1,614,993 2,679,821 1,539,303 2,407,935 1,448,288 2,244,237 1,362,055 854,650 755,846 698,696 659.186 633.187 639,942 580,092 523,111 496,408 445,859 316,259 1,364,222 279,055 1,162,932 317,496 1,040,618 959,646 292,744 882,183 283,009 196 0 196 9 1958 1957 1956 8 * 2,129,311 1,955,116 1,636,231 1,530,228 1,359,480 1.860.369 1,722,491 1,432,207 1,347,530 1.193.370 113,123 94,998 81,814 74,734 66,558 102,766 91,235 77,622 68,591 64,004 21,865 21,362 19,490 18,644 15,175 31,688 25,030 25,098 20,729 20,373 2,091,423 1,848,332 1,538,700 1,488,973 1,258,423 1,043,016 932,907 786,406 780,401 637,082 600,840 561,399 474,654 469,687 371,623 267,788 230,404 186,690 176,099 168,490 184,388 1,048,407 151,104 915,425 125,062 752,294 134,715 708,572 96,969 621,341 <1,201,266 1,060,690 <1,042,793 906,840 <937,482 803,869 <817,680 695,456 <702,365 591,187 55,536 65,726 64,484 58,887 57,422 61,102 49,901 47,791 42,828 36,914 12,168 10,631 8,704 7,348 6,069 11,856 1,077,122 10,680 <941,682 12,622 <850,448 13,152 <723,409 10,733 <595,363 551,626 487,376 438,088 361,464 287,942 323,220 279,971 253,091 208,665 173,023 135,487 110,299 102,401 92,696 71,687 1955.. 1954... 1953... 1952 196 1 See footnotes at end of table. 770 92,919 97,106 82,696 60,103 43,232 526,493 454,200 412,356 361,939 307,421 Q 577-590 AIR TRANSPORTATION Series Q 591-603. Scheduled Airline Revenues and Expenses: 1938 to 1970—Con. [In thousands of dollars] Operating revenues Operating expenses Aircraft Year Total Passenger Mail (including subsidy) Express and freight Excess baggage Other Total 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 Total Flying 598 599 Direct maintenance flight equipment Depreciation flight equipment 600 601 Ground and indirect expense 602 DOMESTIC—Con. 195 0 194 9 1948 194 7 1946 557,803 486,034 434,295 364,840 316,233 444,506 388,931 343,290 308,576 275,594 63,788 59,333 59,309 29,445 20,982 35,122 27,987 24,372 19,378 13,620 5,077 4,452 3,953 3,572 2,993 9,310 5,331 3,371 3,869 3,044 494,645 461,733 431,634 386,199 322,219 241,060 223,193 199,991 169,165 129,250 141,816 127,398 109,636 88,840 70,410 57,841 54,028 49,035 42,903 33,273 41,403 41,767 41,320 37,422 25,567 253,585 238,540 231,643 217,034 192,969 214,743 160,928 123,105 108,249 97,311 166,520 116,441 87,481 74,819 69,791 33,694 33,317 24,213 23,470 22,696 10,835 8,306 8,382 6,978 2,919 2,298 2,031 1,720 1,260 766 1,397 833 1,309 1,722 1,139 180,626 124,522 95,563 84,366 89,919 69,223 45,150 84,613 36,392 44,932 43,421 28,238 20,739 21,866 27,392 16,393 11,893 9,132 8,664 9,789 9,409 5,019 4,742 5,862 7,761 111,403 79,372 60,950 47,974 44,987 76,864 55,948 42,845 53,308 34,844 24,861 20,090 18,482 15,798 2,078 1,619 1,278 551 346 283 837 657 625 5 70,897 s 51,392 6 43,865 35,179 26,294 24,987 22,093 15,809 14,737 7,496 5 651 5,345 5,590 4,834 4,905 35,028 24,692 18,878 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 2 1,913,592 1,689,387 1,958,327 1,769,682 1,474,480 1,380,388 1,176,349 1,309,173 1,165,862 995,185 110,197 99,041 135,904 145,051 131,804 197,031 185,502 185,866 163,558 149,529 15,109 14,232 15,823 13,419 14,092 210,867 1,894,391 214,263 1,638,275 311,571 1,746,831 281,792 1,496,540 183,865 1,220,894 944,148 832,503 920,029 792,026 634,423 515,182 456,431 495,035 424,135 329,427 241,077 219,053 244,024 211,874 181,475 187,889 157,019 180,970 156,017 123,521 950,243 805,772 826,802 704,514 586.471 1965 2 . . . 1964 * 1963 2 1962 2 . . . 19612 1,199,403 1,027,916 920,303 810,446 722,390 887,335 781,649 692,801 595,221 533,159 82,158 71,321 73,989 70,368 59,527 131,119 100,296 80,378 71,252 63,265 13,481 11,149 11,665 10,334 9.570 85,310 63,501 61,470 63,269 56,869 1,001,362 896,187 799,462 723,853 698,685 508,710 471,764 430,073 398,881 400,537 262,597 238,427 216,834 193,422 186,561 146,043 145,186 117,729 113,602 109,493 100,070 88,151 95,610 91,357 104,483 492,651 424,423 369,389 325.472 298,148 1960. 1959 1958 1957 1956 8 684,672 592,226 530,881 508,827 471,160 527,568 444,618 395,604 385,183 349,019 47,544 40,469 37,962 32,895 39,320 58,802 51,877 45,420 42,879 38,292 10,136 8,845 8,963 9,228 8,271 40,622 46,417 42,932 38,642 36,258 639,477 573,653 519,604 480,495 436,257 303,953 281,988 259,825 241,820 211,783 179,712 170,391 163,516 150,763 132,529 58,392 57,522 47,859 44,828 47,634 65,849 54,075 48,450 46,229 31,620 335,524 291,665 259,779 238,675 224,474 1955 1954 i . 1953 1952 195 1 385,157 359,491 <337,711 <315,141 287,936 295,442 254,653 232,867 212,581 184,692 27,221 49,191 53,746 51,532 63,213 32,013 29,784 27,385 26,910 25,245 7,385 6,997 5,248 4,822 3,809 23,093 18,866 18,454 19,290 20,977 366,562 333,337 318,489 304,423 269,865 171,427 157,728 151,308 146,965 129,221 108,954 99,044 91,751 87,442 75,102 34,867 30,856 32,827 33,043 29,866 27,606 27,828 26,730 26,480 24,263 195,135 175,610 167,178 157,456 140,644 195 0 194 9 1948 1947... 194 6 260,131 274,155 249,234 209,009 146,754 160,672 158,480 151,338 140,652 91,417 55,689 75,197 57,331 32,300 25,061 21,664 22,127 20,809 17,526 11,413 3,244 4,178 4,135 4,3 3,296 18,862 14,173 15,621 14,143 15,567 248,323 252,863 235,287 209,294 139,843 122,776 122,334 110,993 93,766 52,045 70,980 72,347 67,163 53,189 32,027 26,158 26,311 24,241 21,997 11,064 25,638 23,676 19,589 18,580 8,954 125,547 130,529 124,294 115,528 87,798 1945... 1944 194 3 194 2 194 1 69,111 38,882 32,839 40,870 37,990 38,859 24,287 19,334 20,971 14,021 12,246 2,889 3,624 9,039 15,473 7,316 5,405 4,401 4,319 1,475 1.571 1,066 80S 936 382 9,120 5,235 4,677 5,605 6,639 61,765 39,227 32,079 35,223 35,309 22,918 13,353 11,992 15,297 8,471 8,074 5,199 3,030 2,174 2,422 1,852 1,744 38,84 7 25,874 20,087 1940 193 9 1938 26,922 19,653 15,153 8,812 6,156 4,435 13,439 11,066 8,599 893 613 562 306 237 219 3,472 1,581 25,666 18,201 14,303 194 5 1944 194 8 1942 194 1 — 194 0 1939... 193 8 INTERNATIONAL * Denotes first year for which figures include Intra-Alaskan and Intra-Hawaiian carriers. 1 Minus sign denotes loss. 2 Items of aircraft operating expense are not comparable with prior years and include items of ground and indirect expenses as follows: (a) direct maintenance flight equipment (series Q600) also includes direct maintenance ground equipment, and indirect maintenance; (b) depreciation flight equipment (series Q 601) also includes other depreciation and amortization expenses; (c) ground and indirect expense (series Q 602) includes only those expenses chargeable to general services and administration. 8 Operating expenses for 1956 are not directly comparable with those for subsequent l,f years because of the revision in the Uniform System of Accounts and Reports put into effect on January 1, 1967. The time period covered and the number of air carriers involved precluded a full conversion to the new reporting system, and only limited adjustments in data for 1956 were made by CAB. 4 Sum of the items does not agree with total due to rounding procedure. 5 Includes total operating expenses for Colonial Airlines, Inc., for which distribution by type of expense was not available. 6 Excludes Colonial Airlines, Inc. 7 Excludes Midet Aviation Corporation due to inadequacies in reporting. 771 Q 604-613 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 604-623. Airports, Aircraft, Pilots, and Miles Flown: 1926 to 1970 [As of December 31 or for years ending December 31, except as noted. Airports and landing fields 1 Year Total Lighted 604 605 Total civil aircraft 2 Includes Alaska, Hawaii, and outlying areas for all years] Certificated airplane pilots 3 Federal aid to airports, cumulative since 1947 (mil. dol.) Total Airline transport Commercial Private Total funds Federal funds Sponsor funds 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 1970. 1969 1968 1967 1966 11,261 11,050 10,470 10,126 9,673 3,554 3,430 3,312 3,149 2,988 154,450 190,749 179,285 166,598 155,132 732,729 720,028 691,695 617,931 548,757 34,430 31,442 28,607 25,817 23,917 186,821 176,585 164,458 150,135 131,539 303,779 299,491 281,728 253,312 222,427 2,453 2,447 2,362 2,193 2,052 1,199 1,198 1,165 1,090 1,018 1,254 1,249 1,197 1,103 1,034 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961. 9,566 9,490 8,814 8,084 7,715 2,878 2,773 2,672 2,481 2,299 142,078 137,189 129,975 124,273 117,904 479,770 431,041 378,700 830,220 804,707 22,440 21,572 20,269 23,220 22,042 116,665 108,428 96,341 275,495 268,707 196,393 175,574 162,209 631,505 613,958 1,887 1,754 1,624 1,198 1.183 935 866 799 678 671 952 888 825 620 613 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 6,881 6.426 6,018 6,412 7,028 2,133 1,943 1,809 1,713 1,399 111,580 106,309 98,893 93,189 87,531 783,232 758,368 731.078 702,519 669.079 20,985 19,364 18,303 16,900 15,295 262,437 265,377 245,641 237,149 221,096 499,810 483,627 467,234 448,470 432.688 1.184 1,047 882 782 660 573 509 431 385 326 611 538 451 397 334 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 6,839 6,977 <6,760 6,042 6,237 1,247 1,108 * 1,050 1,858 (NA) 86,320 92,067 91,102 89,313 88,545 643,201 613,695 585,974 581,218 580,574 13,700 13,341 12,757 11,357 10,813 211,142 201,441 195,363 193,575 197,900 418,359 398,913 377,854 376,286 371,861 460 382 388 388 368 224 185 193 194 182 236 197 196 194 186 1950 1949 1948. 1947 1946 6,403 6,484 6,414 5,759 4,490 1,670 1,480 1,521 1,447 1,019 92,809 92,622 95,997 94,821 81,002 (NA) 525,174 • 491,306 6 433,241 400,061 (NA) 9,025 '7,762 •7,059 7,654 6 176,845 •181,912 203,251 (NA) 328,380 306,699 •244,270 189,156 342 277 216 142 165 133 103 68 177 144 112 74 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 4,026 3.427 2,769 2,809 2,484 1,007 964 859 700 662 37,789 27,919 27,180 27,170 26,013 296,895 183,383 173,206 166,626 129,947 5,815 3,046 2,315 2,177 1,587 162,873 68,449 63,940 55,760 34,578 128,207 111,888 106,951 108.689 93,782 1940 1939 1938. 1937 1936 2,331 2,280 2,374 2,299 2,342 776 735 719 720 705 17,928 13,772 11,159 10,836 9,229 69,829 33,706 22,983 17,681 15,952 1,431 1,197 1,159 1,064 842 18,791 11,677 7,839 6,411 7,288 49,607 20,832 13,985 10,206 7,822 1935 1934 1933 1932. 1931. 2,368 2,297 2,188 2,117 2,093 698 664 626 701 680 9,072 8,322 9,284 10,324 10,780 14,805 13,949 13,960 18,594 17,739 736 676 554 '330 7,362 7,484 7,635 7,967 8,613 6,707 5,789 5,771 10,297 9,226 1930 1929 1928 1927. 1926 1,782 1,550 1,364 1,036 640 9,818 9,922 5,104 2,740 15,280 10,430 4,887 1,572 7,847 6,165 7,433 4,265 See footnotes at end of table. 772 (NA) 187,769 5 A I R TRANSPORTATION Series Q 604-623. Airports, Aircraft, Pilots, and Miles Flown: 1926 to 1970—Con. Estimated miles flown in civil flying other than scheduled air carrier (millions) Year Q 614-623 Total Business 8 Commercial9 Instructional Personal and other 614 615 616 617 618 Domestic air cargo, revenue ton-miles flown 18 (millions) Fuel consumed (general aviation) (mil. gal.) Total Scheduled earners 619 620 621 Nonscheduled Supplemental carriers n carriers 12 622 623 1970 1969 1968 19671966 13 3,207 3,926 3,701 "3,440 U3.336 13 1,134 1,426 1,406 >3 1,431 "1,536 791 723 •3 666 "569 "516 450 910 "814 "713 "646 832 867 "814 13 727 "638 759 690 610 541 486 2,581 2,769 2,327 2,168 1,944 2,216 2,126 1,775 1,498 1,301 80 365 248 406 389 285 278 305 264 254 1965 1964 19631962 1961 132,562 2,181 "2,049 "1,965 "1,858 "1,204 «1,047 "983 " 935 "888 "461 "393 "369 «367 "333 "359 "284 "266 18 256 "203 "538 "458 "430 18 407 "434 378 307 "285 •8 264 "257 1,661 1,288 1,095 1,102 829 1,112 894 715 637 533 330 209 210 351 182 220 185 171 115 114 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 «1,769 "1,716 "1,660 1,426 "1,315 "881 "858 "847 721 "672 "299 "292 "299 249 "247 " 194 "223 "232 202 " 158 "395 "343 "282 254 "238 "246 "221 "209 213 "201 724 651 567 554 457 476 450 387 396 351 135 138 119 111 47 112 63 61 47 59 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 "1,216 1,119 1,045 972 975 "628 553 499 420 380 "246 226 210 218 190 "121 124 121 144 190 "222 216 216 190 215 "193 180 172 141 135 379 277 281 259 261 319 248 254 244 217 20 6 10 5 26 41 24 18 10 18 19501949 1948-1947-_. 1946 " 1,062 1,129 1,470 1,502 875 "340 309 299 228 122 " 181 166 143 150 108 "287 379 755 849 479 "255 275 273 275 166 "134 135 183 160 101 239 153 109 69 211 134 102 65 16 5 7 4 13 13 1942 1941 294 346 30 27 47 51 188 197 29 71 26 30 1940 1939-19381937 1936 264 178 129 103 93 26 25 19 16 12 32 34 26 23 25 126 66 46 35 30 80 52 39 30 27 23 17 10 11 11 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 85 76 71 78 94 13 12 12 12 13 23 21 20 22 26 23 17 16 18 25 26 26 23 26 29 11 10 9 11 12 1930-1929-1928-_. 1927 1926 13 --- 108 110 60 30 19 NA Not available. 1 Includes seaplane bases, heliports, and, beginning 1954, military fields having joint civil-military use. Prior to 1954, all military fields are included. 8 1946-1962 includes gliders. Beginning 1950, active and inactive aircraft. 3 Beginning 1963, data are for active certified airplane pilots only. Also beginning 1963, total includes student, helicopter, glider, and other pilots, not shown separately. * As of Mar. 1, 1954. « As of May 1, 1949. «As of Apr. 1, 1948. 7 Airline transport rating became effective May 5, 1932. 8 Corporation and individual business transportation, not for hire. 14 14 8 4 2 9 Passenger and cargo transportation for hire, aerial application (crop dusting, spraying, seeding, etc.), patrol, survey, and other miscellaneous work use. 10 Comprises express and freight ton-miles. 11 Includes some military ton-miles and may include a small amount of international traffic. 12 Civil and military. 18 Estimated from information received on Aircraft Use and Inspection Reports. u No survey was conducted. Data for 1958-61 have been revised using a correction factor based on the 1962 survey of aircraft use in general aviation. Data for 1963 are based on hours and use reported on aircraft inspection reports adjusted by the same correction factor. 16 The 1962 general aviation survey excluded gliders, dirigibles, and balloons. These data have been adjusted to include them. 773 Q 624-637 TRANSPORTATION Series Q 624-637. Air Transportation Accidents: 1927 to 1970 Domestic scheduled air carriers 1 Year Total accidents Number of fatal accidents Total passengerfa talities 624 625 626 International scheduled air carriers 1 Plane- Passengermiles fatalities flown per 100 million per fatal passengeraccident miles (1,000) flown 1 627 _ 1970 1969 1968 1967... 1966 31 37 44 43 50 1 7 11 8 4 132 258 226 59 • 2,024,703 •287,246 •167,037 • 184,176 '297,369 1966 1964 1968.. 1962 1961 56 45 39 35 66 6 6 4 5 6 205 106 48 158 124 1960 1969 1968 1967 1956 62 61 42 44 55 »10 9 4 4 4 1965 1954 1968 1952 1951 •45 * 49 37 44 46 8 4 6 6 11 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946... 39 36 56 44 33 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940. 1989 1988 1937 1936 628 Total accidents Number of fatal accidents Total passenger fatalities 629 630 631 1 Plane- Passengermiles fatalities flown per 100 million per fatal passengeraccident miles flown (1,000) 632 2 >390,630 — (X) 47 >209,282 — (X) (X) - .3 .1 8 11 10 8 3 •183,152 •161,371 >224,180 • 166,660 >160,476 .4 .1 .1 .3 .4 8 8 10 8 >2 1 3 1 21 >254,687 94 > 73,636 73 •198,337 — (X) (X) - 326 • 82,948 209 >94,619 114 >198,653 32 208,014 143 178,957 .9 .7 .4 .1 .6 5 6 12 7 3 2 1 2 1 10 >84,246 59 •178,667 10 •89,387 36 179,624 (X) - 156 16 86 46 142 80,042 141,123 107,331 79,600 39,051 .8 .1 .6 .4 1.3 5 5 6 11 10 1 4 8 5 8 9 96 96 83 199 75 96,123 44,622 67,889 40,832 34,633 1.1 1.3 1.3 3.2 1.2 6 9 12 9 14 40 30 23 23 27 8 5 2 5 4 76 48 22 55 35 26,171 27,768 62,716 22,354 33,729 2.2 2.2 1.3 3.7 2.3 5 7 2 2 5 30 28 23 42 65 3 2 5 5 8 35 9 25 40 44 36,837 41,616 13,818 13,358 8,038 3.0 1.2 4.5 8.3 10.0 6 6 9 8 5 .. 1 3 1 2 1935... 1934 1933 1932 1931 58 71 100 108 118 8 8 9 16 13 15 17 8 19 25 6,989 6,190 5,472 2,868 3,316 4.7 9.0 4.6 14.9 23.4 4 2 1 7 8 — — 1930 1929 1928 1927 88 124 85 25 9 21 11 4 24 14 14 1 3,627 1,082 957 1,464 28.2 3 _ _ - (Z) .1 Represents zero. X Not applicable. Z Less than 1/10 of a person. 1 Includes scheduled revenue operators only. * Rates computed on baBis of total passengers carried and passenger-miles flown, revenue and nonrevenue. Applies to passenger-carrying service only. Excludes passenger deaths occurring in dynamite /sabotage accidents; July 25,1957,1 passenger; Jan. 6, 1960, 29 passengers; May 22, 1962, 37 passengers; May 7, 1964, 41 passengers. 3 Represents aircraft revenue-miles per fatal accident. 774 - 2 - - - — Non-air-carrier flying operations 2 — 144,921 (X) 59,250 36,275 102,534 633 (Z) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) Total accidents Fatal accidents Fatalities Miles flown per fatal accident (1,000) 634 635 636 637 4,640 4,767 4,968 6,115 5,712 622 647 692 603 673 1,254 1,495 1,399 1,228 1,151 5,155 6,068 5,348 5,972 6,822 .1 .6 .6 5,196 5,070 4,690 4,840 4,626 538 504 482 430 426 1,029 1,056 893 857 761 4,762 4,327 4,250 4,568 4,361 .1 .8 .2 .6 4,793 4,576 4,584 4,200 3,474 429 450 384 438 356 787 823 717 800 669 4,122 3,813 4,323 3,256 3,693 .04 3,343 3,381 3,232 3,657 3,824 384 393 387 401 441 619 684 635 691 760 3,166 2,848 2,701 2,424 2,211 4,606 5,469 7,850 9,263 7,618 499 562 850 882 690 871 896 1,384 1,352 1,009 2,127 2,008 1,728 1,703 1,267 322 169 167 143 217 508 257 257 220 312 (NA) (NA) (NA) 2,063 1,695 .2 2 3 1 2 94 31 2 48 2 3 2 44 20 40 2 1 1 17 17 10 1 2 16,304 22,272 18,457 (X) 14,410 1.2 4,662 3,343 3,871 3,324 4,252 10 7 11 2 (X) 7,042 2,347 7,909 3,452 (X) 12.8 13.0 13.9 4.8 3,471 2,222 1,861 1,900 1,674 232 203 176 184 155 359 315 274 280 261 1,137 876 734 560 602 (X) 3,769 (X) 6,278 4,637 (X) 10.9 (X) 28.9 7.1 1,503 1,491 1,589 1,936 2,197 161 184 177 207 251 253 323 299 318 398 526 410 402 377 376 (X) (X) 2,029 1,586 1,036 253 300 287 215 96 504 457 362 146 360 -- — _ 2 1 1 — — _ _ 4 6 1 47,956 (X) 50,144 29,392 30,365 (X) (X) .1 3.0 1.1 2.1 1.0 1.1 3.5 3.7 5.3 3.9 * Midair collision, nonfatal to air-carrier occupants. * Includes 2 midair collisions nonfatal to air-carrier occupants. * Excludes sabotage disaster at Longmont, Colo., on Nov. 1, 1955 in which 5 crew members and 39 passengers were fatally injured. 7 Includes 1 ground collision between 2 air-carrier aircraft, 1 in scheduled passenger service and 1 in other revenue operations. Chapter R Communications Telephone and Telegraph Systems (Series R 1-92) R 1-92. General note. Among the primary sources of governmental historical statistics relating to the telephone and telegraph industries are the following: 1. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Compendium of the Seventh Census of the United States, 1850; Compendium of the Tenth Census of the United States, 1880; Statistics of Manufactures, 1890, Census Bulletin No. 196, June 1892. 2. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Quinquennial censuses of the telephone and telegraph industry, 1902-1937: Bulletin No. 17, Special Reports: Telephones and Telegraphs, 1902; Special Reports: Telephones, 1907; Bulletin No. 102, Telegraph Systems: 1907; Telephones and Telegraphs and Municipal Electric Fire-Alarm and Police-Patrol Signaling Systems, 1912; Census of Electrical Industries: 1917, Telegraphs and Municipal Electric Fire-Alarm and Police-Patrol Signaling Systems; Census of Electrical Industries: Telephones—1917, 1922, and 1927; Census of Electrical Industries: Telegraphs-1917,1922, and 1927; Census of Electrical Industries: Telephones and Telegraphs, 1982 and 1937. (Multiple year titles represent different volumes for each year.) 3. U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission. Reports of telephone and telegraph carriers, 1914-1933: a. Memorandum Concerning Telephone Companies and Telegraph Companies Reporting to the Interstate Commerce Commission for the Years 1916 and 1917 (processed). b. Annual Report on Telephone Companies, 1920-1927, 1928-1932, and 1933 (processed); Annual Report on Telegraph Companies, 1926-1927, 1928 -1932, and 1933 (processed;. 4. U.S. Congress. Report on Communication Companies (Splawn Report), issued as House Report No. 1273, 73d Cong., 2d sess. (1934) in connection with the consideration of the Communications Act of 1934. This report contains detailed data from the carrier reports filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission and also the results of a questionnaire to the telephone, telegraph, and radio industries for 1922-1932. 5. U.S. Federal Communications Commission. Reports of telephone and telegraph companies filed monthly and annually with that agency, 1934-1970. Selected data from these reports have been issued either monthly or quarterly, and annually (in processed form;, in the Commission's annual reports to Congress and beginning 1939, in the FCC's annual Statistics of the Communications Industry in the United Stales. 6. U.S. Federal Communications Commission, Investigation of the Telephone Industry in the United States, House Document No. 340, 76th Cong., 1st sess. (1939). This report includes the results of the Commission's investigation of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T). Page 609 of the report refers to a number of staff reports, or exhibits, containing more detailed statistical and other material prepared in connection with the investigation and issued in processed form. These staff exhibits and reports are listed under the title, Special Investigation Docket No. 1. 7. Statistics for 1926-1934 obtained by the Federal Communications Commission from telephone and telegraph companies and designed to afford the F C C a basis for determining whether carrier rates were just and reasonable and in enforcement of other statutory responsibilities. (The text of the tele- phone inquiry appears in "Telephone Division Order No. 9," FCC, Reports, vol. 1, p. 49; the text of the telegraph inquiry is in "Telegraph Division Order No. 12," FCC, Reports, vol. 1, p. 88. Responses are available to the public at the Commission.) Other major sources of telephone and telegraph statistics are the annual reports to stockholders by A T & T (Bell), the Western Union Telegraph Company, and statistics of independent (i.e., non-Bell) telephone companies compiled and published by the United States Independent Telephone Association. A major factor affecting the statistics of the telephone and telegraph carriers has been the prescription of uniform systems of accounts for these companies by the Interstate Commerce Commission and by the Federal Communications Commission after its formation in 1934. The I C C prescribed a uniform system of accounts for telephone companies having annual operating revenues exceeding $50,000, effective January 1,1913, and for telegraph carriers, effective January 1,1914. The I C C issued more detailed accounting systems, effective January 1, 1933, for Class A companies, and condensed classifications for Class B companies, effective January 1, 1934. The F C C adopted a revised uniform system of accounts for Class A and Class B telephone companies, effective January 1, 1937. The outstanding change was a requirement that telephone plant be recorded in the accounts at original cost, i.e., cost at time of first dedication to public use. The FCC adopted a revised uniform system of accounts for Class C telephone companies, effective January 1, 1939 (the earlier ICC system had been established, effective January 1, 1915). The F C C differentiates among Class A, B, and C companies on the basis of operating revenues, which have had varying limits over the years. The reporting authority of the FCC relates only to telephone and telegraph carriers engaged in interstate and foreign communication which cross State or national boundary lines over their own facilities or through connection with facilities of an affiliated carrier having such facilities. Thus, carriers filing reports with the F C C (with the exception of a small number of companies filing voluntarily) exclude a large number of small, and a few large, telephone companies. R 1-45. General note. The Bell System provides the great bulk of local exchange and interexchange or toll telephone facilities and service in the United States. It includes the parent company of the Bell operating telephone companies, consolidated with "associated holding and operating companies in the United States, not including connected independent or sublicensee companies." The figures as presented are "statements of the Bell Telephone business as a whole, eliminating all duplications and showing the figures and results as 'if operated by a single company.' " The parent company has been American Telephone and Telegraph Company since January 1, 1900; prior to that date it was the American Bell Telephone Company. The number of companies included within the Bell group has varied from time to time. In 1914, approximately 35 companies were included and in 1915-1916 the number increased to 39. Subsequent consolidations reduced the number to 29 in 1920 and to 25, including Cincinnati Bell, Inc., and Southern New England Telephone Company in 1970. Since 1936, however, A T & T in its consolidated financial statements has excluded these 2 large noncontrolled companies. For comparability with previous years, however, the figures have been adjusted to include 775 R 1-16 COMMUNICATIONS these 2 companies using reports filed by them with the FCC. "Bell companies" and "Bell System" are at times used interchangeably herein. Unless otherwise specified, the reference is to "Bell System." Included in the Bell organization in 1970 were the following: 1. A T & T , which is the parent company. 2. 21 regional subsidiaries owned and controlled by A T & T , plus a subsidiary of one of these regional companies. These 22 Bell System principal telephone subsidiaries furnish exchange and intrastate toll service, as well as interstate toll telephone service; they constitute, with the parent, the Bell System of 1970. 3. Two other major companies, Cincinnati Bell, Inc. and Southern New England Telephone Company, in which A T & T has substantial minority interests. These 2 companies, together with the 22 above, are referred to as the Associated Companies. 4. Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., a scientific research and development organization, and Western Electric Company, Inc., which is the Bell manufacturing and supply organization. In addition, a number of Bell Company affiliates have varying degrees of stock interest in various other telephone companies. Data for series R 1-30 relating to the Bell companies exclude operations of Bell Telephone Laboratories and of Western Electric, except as their operations affect operating expenses and miscellaneous income of the Bell companies. Bell Telephone Laboratories operates on a nonprofit basis and the profits of Western Electric on sales to the Bell companies are not eliminated in the consolidated statements. The historical growth of the Western Electric Company is described in the F C C Report... on the Investigation of the Telephone Industry..., pp. 56-64. More recent data appear in the "Report on Preliminary Survey and Investigation of Western Electric Company, Inc.," prepared by a committee of National Association of Railroad and Utilities Commissioners and F C C representatives (July 15, 1948, processed), and in annual supplements since 1948. In 1970, AT&T's annual share of the net income of Western Electric was over $253 million. Independent companies are referred to as non-Bell companies, although A T & T or Bell companies have financial interests in some of them. The independents participate with Bell in providing toll service, and have contractual arrangements with A T & T and the Bell Associated companies. R 1 and R 3 - 8 . Total telephones, Bell System telephones, and telephones of independent companies, 1876-1970. Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data; American Telephone and Telegraph Company, unpublished data; and the following U.S. Bureau of the Census reports: Telephones and Telegraphs, 1902, table 2, for total telephones in 1880, 1890; table 4, for total telephones in 1902; table 6, for Bell System telephones in 1902; Telephones, 1907, table 51, for total telephones in 1907; table 54, for Bell System telephones; Telephones and Telegraphs . . . , 1912, table 1, for total telephones and Bell System telephones in 1912; p. 37 for telephones connecting with the Bell System; Telephones and Telegraphs, 19S2, table A for total telephones in 1917, 1922, 1927, and 1932; table 12, for Bell System telephones in 1922, 1927, and 1932; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1937, table 1, for total telephones and Bell System telephones in 1937. The data for 1876-1934 (except census data) were taken from F C C records consisting of Special Investigation Docket No. 1, "Report on Control of Telephone Communications," vol. I l l , Exhibit 2096-D, p. 11 (June 15, 1937, processed), and "Report on American Telephone and Telegraph Company Corporate and Financial History," vol. I, Exhibit 1360-A, pp. 115 and 150. The data for 1935-1956 were supplied to F C C by A T & T ; substantially the same data are also available in the A T & T annual reports to stockholders. The data for 1957-1970 were supplied b y A T & T , compiled from annual reports and unpublished data. The number of telephones comprises the total number of instruments and extensions in the system. Telephones also include tele- 776 graph and teletypewriter stations through 1930 and private line telephones through 1934, but not thereafter. Lines, basically for internal use, on which outside calls to public phones cannot be placed constitute private line telephones. The households with telephones are based on census figures, utilized b y A T & T in conjunction with the number of telephones in residences. R 2. Telephones per 1,000 population, 1876-1970. Source: 1876-1956, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data (except for census data). For census data and 1957-1970, see source for series R 1 and R 3 - 8 . Annual figures are based on data supplied to FCC by A T & T . R 9-12. Average daily conversations, 1880-1970. Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data. Figures are based on data supplied to F C C by A T & T . Generally, exchange service is telephone service within an exchange area. A local call is defined as a call originating in and completed within the same public exchange area; a toll call is one which originates in one exchange destined to another exchange area, whether located nearby or across the continent. In instances in which there is a high community of interest between exchanges, accompanied by considerable calling on a message toll basis, "extended area service" has been established under which adjacent and nearby exchanges are included in the subscriber's local service area. The growth of this type of service each year has significantly affected the number of calls classified as local, which otherwise would have been classified and charged as toll. Moreover, elimination of toll charges through the establishment of extended area service has tended to stimulate telephone usage within the service area. Conversations are those completed calls originating from company and service telephones, excluding private line telephones. Local calls include both completed and uncompleted calls. Bell System toll messages consist of interstate and intrastate completed calls originated or terminated at Bell System Associated Company telephones, and toll messages originated or terminated at connecting (i.e., independent) company telephones, provided their transmission utilized toll line facilities of a Bell operating company. Toll messages handled wholly over facilities of connecting or nonconnecting independent companies are shown under Independent Companies. Toll message figures include ship-to-shore messages and international messages. Since a toll ticket is made for each toll call, the count can be relatively exact. In very large exchanges, some counts of local calls are automatically accumulated in message registers but in small exchanges the counts are estimates based upon samples. R 13-16. Telephone toll rates between New York City and selected cities, 1902-1970. Source: 1902, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Special Reports: Telephones and Telegraphs, 1902, p. 77; 1911-1970, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data. Data for 1911-1917 are based on records of A T & T , newspapers, and other published reports. Data for 1919-1937 are based on information in FCC, Telephone Rate and Research Department, " T h e Classified Toll Rate Structure and Basic Rate Practices for Message Toll Telephone Service," pp. 40-47 (Jan. 15,1938, processed). Data for 1940-1970 are based on unpublished data and tariffs of the F C C . Considerable historical toll rate data also appear in the report of a committee of National Association of Railroad and Utilities Commissioners ( N A R U C ) and F C C representatives, Message Toll Telephone Rates and Disparities, annual October issues. The three major classes of toll telephone messages are dial stationto-station, operator station-to-station, and person-to-person. Dial station-to-station service denotes that service where the person originating the call from other than a coin telephone station dials TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS the telephone number desired and the call is completed without the assistance of a telephone company operator. In interstate toll service, operator station rates are over 10 percent higher than dial station rates, and person-to-person rates are over twice the amount of the rates for dial station service. On station calls, the starting point is computed at the time communication is established between the calling and called stations; on person-toperson calls, the chargeable period begins when the person called is reached. There was generally no rate differentiation between station and person service until January 21, 1919. A paucity of historical data exists with respect to local exchange rates. Such data can only be laboriously constructed from the records of the Bell System companies and other telephone companies or from the tariffs filed with each State which has regulatory authority over the intrastate telephone rates. One source of data pertaining to exchange rates is the Bureau of Census report, Telephones and Telegraphs and Municipal Electric Fire-Alarm and Police-Patrol Signaling Systems, 1912, pp. 49-156, which presents telephone rates of selected cities in 38 States and the District of Columbia. Another source of exchange rate data is provided by the responses of telephone companies to FCC, "Telephone Division Order No. 9," which called for rates in effect in selected size exchanges between 1907 and 1933. These responses are on file at the FCC. R 17-18. Telephone plant, book value and depreciation reserves, 1880-1970. Source: 1885-1935, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data consisting of Special Investigation, Docket No. 1 "Report on American Telephone and Telegraph Company Corporate and Financial History," vol. I, Exhibit No. 1360-A (Jan. 16, 1937, processed), pp. 73, 102; vol. II, Exhibit No. 1360-B, Schedule 2 (appendix); "Report on Associated Bell Telephone Companies Financial and Operating Data," Exhibit No. 1364 (Jan. 23, 1937), Schedule A-15; 1936-1956, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, annual reports, and FCC, unpublished data; 1957-1970, A T & T , annual reports and unpublished data. Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census volumes: Compendium of the Tenth Census, 1880, p. 1332; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1902, table 6, p. 7; Telephones and Telegraphs. . . , 1912, table 29; Telephones, 1917, table 33; Telephones, 1922, table 34; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1982, table 17, and 1987, table 1 (see general note for series R 1 - 9 2 for complete list of census sources). The FCC's uniform system of accounts, which became effective January 1, 1937, requires establishment of telephone plant accounts on the basis of original cost (cost at time of first dedication to the public use). This applies to all plants ordinarily having a service life of more than one year as well as franchises, patents, rights of way, leaseholds, and other interests in land. The depreciation policies of the Bell System have undergone various changes from a simple maintenance reserve set up for the purpose of equalizing maintenance charges over a period of years and providing for deferred maintenance expenses, to depreciation rates prescribed by the F C C . Prescription of depreciation rates for Bell companies began in 1949 and initial prescriptions were completed in 1953. For a discussion of Bell System depreciation policies, see Report of the Federal Communications Commission on the Investigation of the Telephone Industry in the United States, pp. 325-349. R 19. Miles of wire, 1880-1970. Source: 1880-1884, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, unpublished financial report; 1885-1935, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data consisting of Special Investigation Docket No. 1, Exhibit No. 1360-A, pp. 76, 115; 1936-1956, A T & T , annual reports, and FCC, unpublished data; 1957-1970, see source for series R 17-18. Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census volumes: Compendium of the Tenth Census, 1880, p. 1327; Telephones R 17-28 and Telegraphs, 1902, table 2; Telephones, 1922, table 21; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1937, table 14. Miles of wire are not an adequate index of the growth in telephone capacity for a variety of reasons: The shift from single open wire lines to complex cable systems including coaxial tubes; use of carrier systems to increase significantly the number of communication channels over a band of frequencies transmitted over an electrical circuit; and use of microwave radio systems not included in the statistics of wire lines. R 20-22 and R 27-28. dends, 1880-1970. Operating revenues, net income, and divi- Source: 1881-1914, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data consisting of Special Investigation Docket No. 1, Exhibit No. 1360-A, pp. 39, 54, 73, 81, 89,109 (for operating revenues and division between local and toll revenues, 1900-1914, Schedule B-2 of Special Investigation Docket No. 1, Exhibit No. 1364 combined with Long Lines revenues from p. 395 of Exhibit 1360-B); 1915-1956, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, annual reports, and FCC, unpublished data; 1957-1970, see source for series R 17-18. Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census reports (see general note for series R 1-92 for detailed listing of sources): Compendium of the Tenth Census, 1880, p. 1329; Statistics of Manufactures, 1890, pp. 1, 5; Telephones, 1907, table 36; Telephones and Telegraphs..., 1912, table 29; Telephones, 1917, tables 21, 30, and 31; Telephones, 1922, tables 2, 31, 32; Telephones, 1927, table 1; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1932, table 1, and 1937, table 1. Figures for series R 20-22 for 1900-1914 have been adjusted b y the FCC by subtracting uncollectible operating revenues so that they are comparable with figures for 1915-1970. Operating revenues include monthly service charges; amounts charged for connection, restoration and termination of service, and for moves, instrument changes, and similar service requirements; initial nonrecurring charges for plant or equipment, except initial charges based on the cost of specially assembled private branch exchanges; and amounts of service charges for supplemental or auxiliary equipment as extension stations and auxiliary receivers. Operating revenues include the telegraph services of the Bell System, including revenues derived from teletypewriter exchange service ( T W X ) , and private line service; international radiotelephone service; directory advertising and sales; and rent revenues. Net income is net operating income and other income, including dividend income and interest income, including interest charged to construction; minus miscellaneous deductions from income and fixed charges (as interest deductions). All of the Bell System operations are included; however, as noted below (see text for series R 25), prior to 1933 only the dividends from controlled companies not consolidated were included. Dividends declared refer to the entire Bell System operations, excluding dividends paid by one system company to another. R 23. Operating expenses, 1880-1970. Source: 1885-1907, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data consisting of Speeial Investigation Docket No. 1, Exhibit 1360-A, pp. 54, 73,109 (figures for operating expenses derived by subtracting net earnings from revenues); 1908-1935, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, annual reports; 1936-1956, A T & T , annual reports, and F C C , unpublished data; 1957-1970, see source for series R 17-18. For census data, see source for series R 20-22 and R 27-28. For 1885-1907, FCC's figures include all taxes (including Federal income taxes) and interest expense and miscellaneous income. For 1908-1913, figures also include Federal income taxes. For 19141920, figures were adjusted to exclude estimated amounts of Federal income taxes by use of annual reports of the individual Bell Telephone 777 COMMUNICATIONS R 24-74 companies to the Interstate Commerce Commission. For 1921-1935, the Federal income tax adjustment was obtained from A T & T unpublished data. Figures include that portion of the expenses of Bell Telephone Laboratories absorbed by A T & T . R 24. Federal income taxes, 1914-1970. Source: 1914-1920, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data (approximations derived from annual reports of individual Bell System companies to the I C C ) ; 1921-1935, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, unpublished data; 1936-1956, A T & T , annual reports, and F C C , unpublished data; 1957-1970, see source for series R 17-18. R 25. Other income, net, 1882-1970. Source: 1882-1956, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, annual reports, and U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data; 1957-1970, see source for series R 17-18. Since 1933, instead of including under this item only the dividends from controlled companies not consolidated, the A T & T has included its proportionate interest in the total earnings or deficits of such companies. R 26. Interest expenses, 1885-1970. Source: 1885-1956, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, annual reports, and U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data; 1957-1970, see source for series R 17-18. Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census reports: Special Reports, Telephones, 1907, table 57; Census of Electrical Industries: 1917, Telephones, table 30; Census of Electrical Industries: Telephones, 1922, table 31. Interest expense includes interest on all classes of debt owing to the public but excludes intercompany interest payment. R 29-30. Employees and wages, 1880-1970. Source: Series R 29, 1885-1899 and 1907-1935, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data consisting of Special Investigation Docket No. 1, Exhibit N o . 1360-A, pp. 76, 136, 147; series R 29-30, 1900-1906, and series R 30, 1913-1935, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, unpublished data; series R 29-30, 1936-1956, A T & T , annual reports to stockholders, and F C C , unpublished data; 1957-1970, see source for series R 17-18. Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census reports (see general note for series R 1 - 9 2 for detailed description of sources): Compendium of the Tenth Census, 1880, p. 1327; Statistics of Manufactures, 1890, p. 1; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1902, tables 2, 6; Telephones and Telegraphs..., 1912, tables 3, 29; Telephones, 1917, table 1; Telephones, 1922, table 1; Telephones 1927, table 1; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1932, table 1; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1987, table 1. Employee figures for 1885-1935 exclude Western Electric Company. Figures for 1939-1956 also appear in the F C C annual issues of Statistics of the Communications Industry in the United States. These issues also contain detailed reports of the occupational classifications and wage rates of Bell System employees. R 31-45. Independent telephone companies—property, revenues, expenses, interest, net income, dividends, employees, and wages, 1916-1970. Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, 1916-1934, unpublished data. United States Independent Telephone Association (USITA), 1935-1962, Annual Statistical Volume of the United States Independent Telephone Association, various issues (copyright); 19631970, Independent Telephone Statistics, annual issues (copyright). 778 Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census reports (see general note for series R 1-92 for detailed description of sources): Telephones, 1917, tables 1, 30, 31, 33; Telephones, 1922, tables 1, 22, 32; Census of Electrical Industries: Telephones, 1927, tables 1, 34; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1982, table 1, and 1937, table 1. The large discrepancy between the census figures and the Federal Communications Commission and USITA figures is due to the major differences in coverage. The following excerpt from Bureau of the Census, Telephones, 1922, refers to census coverage: Unit of enumeration ("system" or "line").—So far as practicable, a report was secured for each system or line operated under separate ownership. The terms "system" and "line" are sometimes used synonymously but, in general, the former is employed with reference to the aggregations of lines operated b y the larger companies while the latter is more commonly used to denote the small farmer or rural lines. A farmer or rural line may be merely an individual line connected with an exchange under different ownership, or may be a party line without an exchange or connected with an exchange owned jointly with other lines or under independent ownership. Figures for 1916-1933 were based on I C C annual summaries (which did not differentiate between the Bell System and the independent telephone companies) and were derived by subtraction from the I C C figures of those amounts for each company included on a consolidated basis in the data shown for series R 17-30. Figures for 1935-1970 were obtained by USITA from reports of independent telephone companies to the USITA. For recent years, the publications provide detailed data on companies reporting to the USITA, and limited data in respect to companies not reporting to the USITA. Certain totals for combined reporting and nonreporting independent companies are shown for 1961-1970 in the U S I T A 1971 Annual Statistical Volume. A discussion of the relations between the Bell System and the Independents is presented in the F C C Report.. .on the Investigation of the Telephone Industry..., pp. 123-146; and a Report of Committee of National Association of Railroad and Utilities Commissioners and F C C representatives, Message Toll Telephone Rates and Disparities. R 46-74. General note. Since the 1850's, the Western Union Telegraph Company has been the dominant carrier in the domestic telegraph industry. Established in 1851 as the New York & Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Company, this company succeeded b y 1866 in acquiring or merging dozens of competing telegraph companies and emerging as the sole telegraph company in the United States. (See Robert Luther Thompson, Wiring a Continent; the History of the Telegraph Industry in the United States, 1832-1866, Princeton University Press, 1947.) In succeeding decades, smaller telegraph companies were formed, serving a region or major cities, often with the intent of forcing Western Union to acquire them. Western Union developed close contractual ties with the railways. Telegraph pole lines were constructed along railroad rights-of-way. The lines were used jointly for general telegraph and railroad telegraph communication and signaling; and railroad stations and personnel were used for the pick-up and delivery of telegraph messages. Western Union's most serious telegraph rival, Postal Telegraph, was acquired b y the Mackay interests in the 1880's as the domestic pick-up and delivery agent for Mackay's Commercial Cable C o m pany (later the International Telephone and Telegraph Company). Until the 1920's, Postal Telegraph competed with Western Union for the larger and more profitable routes. Beginning in the 1920's, Postal Telegraph attempted to provide a nationwide service in full competition with Western Union. Postal Telegraph expanded its own facilities and also made arrangements with the telephone com- TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS panies, gasoline stations, and others for the pick-up and delivery of telegrams. The expansion of Postal Telegraph coincided roughly with the emergence of more effective competition from other sources. Predominantly, such competition came from the growth and development of toll telephone service, the expansion of domestic airmail, the introduction of the Bell System's teletypewriter exchange service (TWX), which was sold to Western Union in 1971, and the provision of domestic radiotelegraph service by the international radiotelegraph carriers, RCA Global Communications and the Mackay Companies. (In 1942, as a war measure, domestic radiotelegraph service was discontinued and was not subsequently resumed.) Postal Telegraph's share of domestic telegraph revenues was less than 25 percent. In 1943, Postal Telegraph merged with Western Union. (See U.S. Federal Communications Commission, Reports, vol. 10, pp. 148-198, September 27, 1943, for Commission approval of the specific terms of the merger.) R 46-55. Western Union Telegraph Company—summary of facilities, traffic, and finances, 1866-1915. Source: Series R 46-49 (except 1913), The Western Union Telegraph Company, annual reports; 1913, Moody's Investors Service, Moody's Public Utilities Reports, 1919, New York (copyright). Series R 50-55 (except R 52, 1914-1915), U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, Bureau of Valuation, Accounting Reports, The Western Union Telegraph Company (December 31, 1915 and June 30,1919); series R 52,1914 and 1915, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data. Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census reports: 1880, Compendium of the Tenth Census, 1880, pp. 1310-1325; Special Reports: Telephones and Telegraphs, 1902, tables 39, 41; Telegraph Systems: 1907, tables 1-8; Telephones and Telegraphs . . . , 1912, tables 2, 3. The data for series R 52, 1914 and 1915, are based on ICC Bureau of Valuation report cited above, Exhibit V, sheets 2 and 3. According to the Compendium of the Seventh Census, 1854, p. 189, there were 89 telegraph lines having 23,261 miles of wire in 1853. In 1854, the miles of wire were estimated at over 30,000. The 1880 census data include many companies in addition to Western Union, and the later census data include Postal Telegraph as well as reports from some 15 to 20 small companies. Included in the Postal Telegraph data were the telephone operations of that company. The 1902 census data include the several domestic ocean-cable systems, while the 1880, 1907, and 1912 census figures exclude ocean-cable systems other than the Western Union Cable Division. Other statistics appear in 60th Cong., 2d sess., Investigation of Western Union and Postal Telegraph-Cahle Companies, U.S. Senate Document No. 725 (1909); State of New York, Proceedings of Joint Committee Investigation of Telephone and Telegraph Companies (1910); and Submarine and Land Telegraph Systems of the World, an excerpt from the Treasury Department, Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance, January 1899. R 56-70. Domestic telegraph industry—messages, property, revenues, expenses, net income, dividends, employees, and wages, 1916-1970. Source: 1916-1928, U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission and U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data (annual reports of Western Union Telegraph Company and Postal TelegraphCable Company to the ICC); 1929-1955, FCC, Statistics of the Communications Industry in the United States, 1955, pp. 110-115; 19561970, FCC, Statistics of Communications Common Carriers, annual issues, and unpublished data (data are from the annual reports of Western Union Telegraph Company to the FCC). Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census reports (see general note for series R 1-92 for detailed identification of sources): Census of Electrical Industries: 1917, Telegraphs . . . , tables 1, 2, 4, 5; Tele- R 46-70 graphs, 1922, tables 2, 3, 5, 6; Telegraphs, 1927, tables 2, 3, 5, 6; Telegraphs, 1982, tables 2, 3, 4; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1987, tables 2, 3, 4. For 1916-1928, the Western Union reported landline (domestic) and cable operations on a merged basis; therefore, supplementary material was obtained from Western Union relating to the landline operations. Necessarily, these involve estimates and allocations, the precise bases of which were not specified. For 1929-1955, figures were obtained from annual reports of the telegraph carriers to the ICC and to the FCC, supplemented by correspondence and reference to the reports of the telegraph companies. Each census report, 1917-1937, included Western Union Cable Division with Western Union telegraph plant. Similarly, the census reports of 1917,1922, and 1927, in reporting Western Union operating revenues, operating expenses, net income, and dividends declared, include Western Union cables. Apparently, in each census report, number of employees and wages and salaries were for Western Union landline system only. The census data refer to approximately 15 to 20 minor domestic telegraph companies, in addition to Western Union and Postal Telegraph. In 1943, Western Union acquired Postal Telegraph, and the telegraph company data, beginning in 1944, relate to the single merged carrier. R 56, messages handled. Prior to 1935, the annual count of revenue messages handled was based on a count of messages during the month of January and was partly estimated. For 1935-1950, most of the Western Union message data were based on an actual count for 2 days in each month at some 400 of the largest offices which together accounted for about 80 percent of total message revenues. The Postal Telegraph data continued to be based on counts and estimates for the month of January projected to annual totals. For 1950-1970, Western Union used a scientifically constructed random message sample, the results of which provide generally reliable monthly and annual message data by service classes and rate zones. Data include telegraph traffic with Canada and Mexico. Such traffic forms only a small portion of the message data. R 57, private-line telegraph service revenues of telegraph companies. For 1916-1935, data were furnished to FCC by Western Union and added to annual report figures for Postal Telegraph; for 1936-1943, figures are from annual reports of Western Union and Postal Telegraph. Private line, or leased circuit, revenues are derived from the lease of wires, cables, channels, circuits, and similar wire-telegraph facilities to banks, airlines, governmental agencies, and other large organizations for the exclusive use of these customers. The charge for such service is based on contractual rent agreements providing for definite periodic terms without regard to the extent of the service obtained by the users of such facilities. R 58, private-line telegraph service revenues of telephone companies. Data for 1916-1938 apply to the Bell System telephone companies only. Data for 1916-1926 and 1935-1938 were obtained from unpublished data of the Bell System. Data for 1927-1934 were obtained from the Bell System response to the FCC, "Telegraph Division Order No. 12," and appear in "Some Aspects of Competition Affecting the Land Wire Telegraph Industry" (1937), an unpublished FCC staff study. For 1939-1970, data include all telephone companies reporting on an annual basis to the FCC (roughly varying between 60 and 125). R 59-60, telegraph plant. Effective January 1, 1914, the ICC prescribed a Uniform System of Accounts for telegraph and cable companies and required the carriers to keep their accounts in conformity with this system. All charges made to plant and equipment or other property accounts with respect to any property acquired on or after January 1, 1914, were to be the actual money costs of the property. The ICC did not attempt to prescribe the depreciation rates of the carriers. 779 R 61-74 COMMUNICATIONS In 1940, the FCC adopted a revised uniform system of accounts for wire telegraph and ocean cable carriers, to go into effect January 1, 1942. The effective date was later postponed to January 1, 1943. The new system was designed to supplant the previous system in use since 1914. The FCC prescribed depreciation rates for the telegraph carrier, effective January 1, 1948. After the merger of Western Union and Postal Telegraph, the Commission required that the merged carrier reclassify its plant as of January 1, 1943. Telegraph plant book costs for 1946-1970 were affected by two conflicting factors: Accelerated retirement of old plant, and addition of new plant as part of the general modernization program of the Western Union Telegraph Company begun in 1946. As part of its modernization program the Western Union Telegraph Company leased substantial plant, in the form of voice channels, from the Bell System. Census figures on book cost of plant include Western Union cables in all years. R 61, miles of wire. Wire figures are not a satisfactory measure of the capacity of the domestic telegraph industry for various reasons, including the shift from less efficient open wire to more efficient cable; the introduction of multiplex terminal equipment, which has permitted a significant subdivision of each telegraph channel and the simultaneous transmission of messages on each such subdivision; the leasing from the Bell System telephone companies of voice-frequency channels and the subdivision of these channels into a substantially greater number of telegraph channels; operation by Western Union of its microwave radio system for the transmission of messages; and use of modernized routing and switching systems. R 62-68, finances, employees, and wages and salaries. Operating revenues are derived, in the bulk, from various transmission and nontransmission telegraph services. However, a small proportion has been derived from incidental services, such as errand service, time service, and code registration. The operations of the former Postal Telegraph toll telephone system were included until February 1,1952, when Western Union disposed of this service. Also included in operating revenues are revenues derived by the domestic telegraph carrers in handling the domestic haul of insular, mobile, and foreign cable and radiotelegraph communications. Such domestic haul is between the "gateway" cities and the interior of the nation. To obtain data on total operating expenses, the domestic telegraph carriers (Western Union and Postal Telegraph) were required to subdivide their expense accounts as between domestic and international operations in respect to compensation, overhead, materials and supplies, and other charges. Such allocations are subject to some arbitrariness. Census data for 1917, 1922, and 1927 with respect to operating revenues, expenses, and net income differ from the other data as a result of the inclusion of Western Union cable operations and the inclusion of minor companies, in addition to Western Union and Postal Telegraph. No adjustments were made in the annual reported income statements. Thus, the net loss shown for 1945 resulted from a substantial retroactive wage award made by the War Labor Board. This was shown in the 1945 statement of the Western Union Telegraph Company as an extraordinary charge (less recoverable income taxes). Income taxes (through 1963, when the cables were sold) are total Western Union income taxes minus those assigned by the company itself to its cable operations. The amounts assigned to Western Union cables were obtained by the FCC from Western Union on an informal basis. Income taxes for 1924 and prior years are not available separately and are included in total operating expenses. Dividends declared (through 1963, when the international operations were sold), include the entire operations of Western Union, domestic and international. No basis exists for allocating them. Number of employees was reported as of different periods: 19291934, at the end of June; 1935-1945, at the end of December; and 1946-1970, at the end of October. However, wages and salaries are uniformly reported for the calendar year ending December 31. 780 R 69-70, Bell Teletypewriter Exchange ( T W X ) Service. For 1931-1934, data are from responses to FCC, "Telegraph Division Order No. 12"; for 1935-1938, from the FCC Annual Report. Teletypewriter exchange service ( T W X ) was initiated November 21, 1931. The revenues from this service, as well as the private line telegraph revenues of telephone companies, are not included in total operating revenues, which is limited to the revenues of domestic telegraph carriers. The T W X service of the telephone industry was purchased by Western Union in 1971. R 71-74. Domestic telegraph message rates and TWX rates between New York City and selected cities, 1850-1970. Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data. The 1850 rates are cited in William Holmes, History of Telegraph Rates, 1860 to 1913 (an unpublished study obtained by the FCC from the Western Union Telegraph Company), p. 2. The same source states, p. 8, that the New York-Chicago rate from 1866 to October 1, 1869, was $1.85, although James D. Reid, The Telegraph in America (1886), p. 746, states that the Chicago rate was $2.05 between 1866 and 1869, and U.S. Senate, 60th Cong., 2d sess., Investigation of Western Union and Postal Telegraph Cable Companies, Document No. 725 (1909), p. 24, claims that in 1866 this rate was $2.20. Holmes, p. 8, is the source for the 1866 and 1869 New York-Philadelphia rates. Reid, p. 746, quotes the New York-San Francisco rates for 1866 and 1869. The Investigation of Western Union..., p. 24, is also the source for the New York-Denver rate as of 1866. The 1870 rates are mentioned in 51st Cong., 1st sess., Hearings before the House Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads on Postal Telegraph Facilities, p. 131. In addition, Holmes, p. 9, states that in 1870 the maximum rate from States north of Washington, D.C., to San Francisco was reduced from $7.45 in currency (or $6.75 if paid in gold) to $5.00 in currency (or $4.00 in gold). The 1873 rates are shown in Investigation of Western Union... , p. 24. Holmes, p. 10, states that the $2.50 San Francisco rate became effective February 1, 1873, and a reason given was that $2.50 was the denomination of a coin in common use on the Pacific Coast. The same source, p. 12, describes the New York-Chicago rate in 1875 as having been 25 cents and in 1877 as being successively increased to 40 cents, 50 cents, and 60 cents. Holmes also states, p. 11, that the New York-Denver rate became $2.00 in March 1876 and that the San Francisco rate was reduced to $2.00 in August 1876. However, Reid mentions, p. 747, March 1877 as the date $2.00 was fixed as the maximum rate between New York City and points east of the Rocky Mountains. The 1883 rates are also from Investigation of Western Union . .., p. 24. Holmes, p. 17, states that the $1.00 San Francisco rate became effective in March 1884 as part of a general reduction which established $1.00 as the maximum rate for a 10-word full rate telegram between any two points in the Western Union system. Holmes also reports, p. 17, that in June 1884 the rate between New York and Chicago charged by Western Union was 50 cents, by Postal Telegraph, 25 cents, and by the Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Company, 40 cents. The 1888 rates are based on State of New York, Report of the Joint Committee of the Senate and Assembly of the State of New York Appointed to Investigate Telephone and Telegraph Companies (transmitted to the Legislature March 21,1910), p. 687, and the annual report of Western Union to stockholders for 1888, p. 5. The 1890 rates are from Hearings Before the House Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads on Postal Telegraph Facilities, p. 68. The rates in effect as of 1908 are from Investigation of Western Union . . . , p. 24, although there is evidence from other sources that some of these rates were put into effect in 1907. The 1919 rates were the result of a 20 percent increase in domestic telegraph rates as set forth in the 1919 Western Union annual report to stockholders, p. 8. The 1931 T W X rates are from testimony on behalf of AT&T by Mr. Carroll O. Bickelhaupt in the hearings pursuant to FCC, "Telegraph Division Order No. 12." TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS All rates beginning with the 1946 increase are derived from official tariffs filed with the FCC. The census report, Special Reports: Telephones and Telegraphs, 1902, states (p. 14) that the first telegraph rate was applicable in 1845 between Baltimore and Washington and was one cent for each group of four characters. The rates shown here are mainly those of the Western Union Telegraph Company. During some of the early years, lower rates were sometimes published by competing companies. The frequent changes in the New York-Chicago rate illustrate particularly the effects of competition. New companies appeared offering lower rates on this basic route and Western Union was forced to meet the competition until such time as it succeeded in acquiring the competing company. Moreover, it is not certain that the published rates were adhered to uniformly, particularly in the early years of telegraph development and in periods of depression. Under the stress of competition, rebates were sometimes allowed. The rate for the full-rate telegram is the keystone of the telegraph rate structure. Rates for most other public message telegraph services (day letters, night letters, etc.) are a percentage of the rates for the full-time telegram. Between 1908 and 1946, there was no change in the level of the full-rate telegram, except for the increase effected in 1919. However, while maintaining the rate level on its full-rate telegrams, Western Union introduced various new classifications (including the fixed text social message and serials) which in effect provided discounts to the message customer. T W X is provided only by the Bell Telephone System but this service was sold to Western Union in 1971. As contrasted with message telegraph service, which is a 1-way communication service, T W X provides 2-way, instantaneous communication service between T W X subscribers. The maximum number of words which can be transmitted in the 3-minute rate period depends on the speed of the transmitting operator (provided by the subscriber) and the maximum rated speed of the T W X equipment. In addition to the charges for specific use (measured in time units and distance) of the facilities, T W X subscribers beginning July 1, 1953, were billed a monthly service charge of $10. This was increased to $40 on September 1,1966, and to $45 on February 1,1970, for 60-speed service. R 75-88. General note. The first successful cable linking North America with Europe was laid in 1866. Radio was not a significant factor in overseas telegraphy until 1920 when the newly formed Radio Corporation of America (RCA) entered the field as successor to Marconi Company of America. The record of hearings held in 1929 before the Committee on Interstate Commerce, United States Senate, 71st Cong., 1st sess., on S. 6, a "Bill to Provide for the Regulation of the Transmission of Intelligence by Wire or Wireless," contains (pp. 960-972) a list of submarine cables of the world, and the year in which each was laid. Few of these cables are now in use, having been replaced by circuits in telephone ocean cables laid since the mid-1950's and, since 1965, also by circuits in microwave radio relayed by satellite. Information on the beginnings of international radiotelegraphy appears in the Report of the Federal Trade Commission on the Radio Industry (1924). The first overseas radio telephone service was opened in 1927 between New York and London by American Telephone and Telegraph Company. The only overseas telephone service available during 1921-1926 was to and from Cuba by means of cable. The census data are derived from the special quinquennial census reports of the telephone and telegraph industries (see general note for series R 1-92). With respect to international telegraph, these reports suffer from two major shortcomings. First, the Bureau of the Census was unable to obtain from the Western Union Telegraph Company a division between its landline system and its cable operations with respect to plant and financial operations. Prior to the 1932 census, Western Union provided separate data for its cable operations only in the categories of messages and cable mileage. R 46-70 In the censuses of 1932 and 1937, Western Union also supplied operating revenue information for its cable system. The absence of Western Union's Cable Division from the census data on the ocean-cable companies largely accounts for the significant differences between the census data and the annual series with respect to telegraph plant book cost and depreciation reserves, operating revenues, operating expenses, and net income. A second shortcoming of the census data is the lack of adequate coverage of the radiotelegraph industry. The financial information included in the 1922 and 1937 census compilations is seriously distorted because of the failure to exclude various activities of the Radio Corporation of America not related to its telegraph communications business. In the 1932 census, no information on radiotelegraph appeared, while in the 1937 census the published statistics relate only to messages and operating revenue. Consequently, the only census data shown with respect to radiotelegraph are the message statistics, and $9,515,000 in operating revenues included within the 1937 cable-radiotelegraph total. R 75-77, R 79-81, R 83-88. Telegraph messages, plant, nautical miles of ocean-telegraph cable, operating revenues and expenses, Federal income taxes, net income, employees, and wages, 19071970. Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, 1916-1928, unpublished data; 1929-1956, Statistics of the Communications Industry in the United States, 1955 and 1956 issues, table 19; 19571970, Statistics of Communications, Common Carriers, annual issues. Census data beginning 1907 are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census reports (see general note for series R 1-92 for detailed description of sources): Telegraph Systems: 1907, pp. 10, 19; Telephones and Telegraphs ..., 1912, pp. 165, 167; Telegraphs, 1927, pp. 19, 25; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1937, pp. 49, 52. Annual data prior to 1929 were derived in part from annual reports of the carriers filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission. In large part, these data were obtained through field examinations by the staff of the FCC and from data supplied by the carriers upon specific request. Figures include Hawaii and Puerto Rico for all years. There is no international telegraph industry in Alaska; however, international telegrams originating or terminating there are included in series R 75-77. Cable and radiotelegraph messages (series R 75-77) include communications sent from, received in, and transiting the United States and its outlying areas. In addition, radiotelegraph messages include ship-shore messages, and domestic telegraph messages handled over radiotelegraph circuits prior to the closure of such circuits on June 30, 1942. Plant and depreciation figures (series R 79-80) are on the basis of the currently effective systems of accounts. The radiotelegraph accounts became effective January 1, 1940, and the ocean-cable uniform system accounts January 1, 1943 (replacing an earlier cable accounts system promulgated by the ICC, effective January 1, 1914). The miles of ocean cable (series R 81) as published have been adjusted in view of the fact that some of the cables were reported and tabulated in statute miles rather than nautical miles. Federal income taxes prior to 1929 are included in operating expenses (series R 84) in amounts which are not ascertainable. The substantial decline in net income in 1912 compared with 1907 may have been accounted for in large measure by the introduction of depreciation charges which were absent from the 1907 accounts. Included in employees and compensation (series R 87-88) are the foreign employees of the carriers. The reporting dates for number of employees have varied: For 1929-1934, as of the end of June; for 1935-1945, as of the end of December; for 1946-1970, as of the end of October. 781 R 93-105 R 78. COMMUNICATIONS Overseas telephone calls, 1921-1970. Source: 73d Cong., 2d sess., Report on Communication Companies, House Report No. 1273, pt. Ill, No. 2, p. 1459 (1935); and American Telephone and Telegraph Company, unpublished data. Figures include calls to and from ships on the high seas and most international points. Additional data on radiotelephone service are contained in the Statistics of the Communications Industry in the United States. See also Census of Electrical Industries: Telephones and Telegraphs, 1937, table 9. R 82. Overseas countries served by direct radiotelegraph circuits, 1912-1970. Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data (supplemented and confirmed in Report of the Federal Trade Commission on the Radio Industry and Report on Communication Companies, House Report No. 1273, pt. Ill, No. 1, pp. 990, 998; pt. Ill, No. 4, pp. 3934, 3948, and 4188). R 89-92. International cable and radiotelegraph rates and international telephone rates between New York City and selected cities, 1866-1970. Source: 1866-1928, scattered sources as indicated below; 19291970, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data. New York to London. The first successful transatlantic cable was laid in 1866. James D. Reid, The Telegraph in America (1886), p. 748, indicates that the first telegraph rate on the cable (presumably New York to London) was $100 for 10 words. Three months later, the same source states, the rate was reduced to $50 and subsequently to $25. By 1868, the rate for 10 words had declined to $15.75, and in 1885 it stood at 40 cents per word. A staff document of American Cable & Radio, Inc., prepared in connection with FCC Docket No. 8777 (1948) indicates that the Western Union Telegraph Company had a 50 cents per word rate in 1884, and that on December 24 of that year the Commercial Cable Company entered the field with a rate of 40 cents per word. The same source indicates that the cable companies other than Commercial Cable reduced their rates to 12 cents per word on May 6, 1886, and Commercial Cable in turn lowered its per word rate from 40 cents to 25 cents. On September 16, 1887, Commercial Cable further reduced its rate to the 12 cent level. Then on September 1, 1888, all the cable companies raised their rate between New York and London to 25 cents per word. Exhibit No. 190, introduced by RCA Communications, Inc., in the same hearing (Docket No. 8777) shows the same rates, but with somewhat different effective dates; while William Holmes, History of Telegraph Rates, 1860 to 1918, p. 23, cites rates which differ in part from those shown here. In 1916, it became possible to send messages from New York to London through Canada via Marconi Wireless for 17 cents per full rate word. According to the Federal Trade Commission Report on the Radio Industry, p. 36, RCA, on March 1,1920, began transmitting radiotelegraph messages to Great Britain. The rate initially was 17 cents per word, with an increase to 18 cents on January 1, 1921, and to 20 cents on April 15, 1923. At this point the international cable companies reduced their rate to 20 cents to meet the radio competition. Since then, the rates for cable and radio have been identical. The rate reductions effective May 1, 1945, provided for a uniform 20 cents per word basic rate from the United States "gateway" cities to a large part of the world (see FCC, Eleventh Annual Report for Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 19U5, p. 45). Effective May 1, 782 1946, all international cable and radiotelephone rates were established on a country-to-country basis at 20 cents and 30 cents per word, respectively. The reductions in rates, effective July 1, 1950, are the result of "unification" of the full rate and the code rate on all cable and radiotelegraph service. The rates were unified at 75 percent of the existing rate per full-rate word. This had the effect of lowering the charge for full-rate messages but increasing the charge for code messages which at that time formed a substantial portion of international telegraph traffic. New York to Cairo. Telegraphic communication between New York and Cairo began, probably, in 1870 or shortly thereafter. A Commercial Cable Company tariff book, dated January 1903, indicates a rate of 61 cents per word as of that time. A July 1905 tariff book of the Western Union Telegraph Company shows a New York-Cairo rate of 56 cents per word; 25 cents was the rate for the New York-London haul and 31 cents for the rate beyond London. No record has been found of rates in effect between 1905 and 1925. Data since 1925 are from the FCC based on filed tariffs and correspondence with companies. New York to Tokyo. No specific record has been found dating the beginning of telegraphic communication with Tokyo. In the hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 54th Cong., 1st sess., Senate Document No. 194 (1896), conflicting testimony was presented with respect to the early rates. The Commercial Cable Company tariff book of January 1903 stated that the rate at that time was $1.76 per word. Shortly thereafter Commercial Pacific Cable Company opened its trans-Pacific cable and the rate fell to $1.53 per word. This rate included 12 cents per word for the domestic landline haul from New York to San Francisco, and $1.41 for the San Francisco-Tokyo leg. Report on Communication Companies, 73d Cong., 2d sess., House Report No. 1273, pt. Ill, No. 4, p. 3926, is the source of the New York-Tokyo rates between 1903 and 1929. FCC is the source of rates since 1929. For data on radiotelegraph rates lower than cable rates prior to 1925, see FTC, Report on the Radio Industry, p. 35, and testimony before the House Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries, pursuant to H.R. 7357, 68th Cong., 1st sess., p. 170. New York to Buenos Aires. The 1880 rate is stated in the 1956 Annual Report of the American Cable and Radio Corporation to Stockholders, p. 16. Rates between 1882 and 1927 are derived from testimony before the Senate Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, 71st Cong., 2d sess., on S. 6 (1929-1930) beginning p. 2201, and A Half Century of Cable Service to the Three Americas (1928) published by All America Cables, Inc. When radio service was opened in 1924 the rate was fixed at the same level as the existing cable rate. FCC is the source for rates since 1929. New York international radiotelephone rates to selected cities. The first overseas radiotelephone service was opened on January 7, 1927, between New York and London. Service to Buenos Aires began April 3, 1930, and to Tokyo, December 8, 1934. The circuit to Cairo, opened August 8, 1932, operated via London until January 7, 1946, when a direct circuit to Cairo was placed in operation. As in telegraph, the Tokyo radiotelephone rate included a landline haul charge until 1946 for the New York-San Francisco haul. Initially $9.00, the landline charge was reduced to $6.75 on July 1, 1937, and to $4.50 on August 1, 1940. All radiotelephone rates presented are for 3 minute weekday person-to-person daytime calls. In addition, there are lower night and Sunday rates on some routes, and on three of the routes station-to-station service is available at either a 25percent or a 33 ^-percent discount from the person-to-person rates. TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS Series R 1-12. Telephones and Average Daily Conversations (Bell and Independent Companies): 1876 to 1970 [In thousands, except series R 2 and R 3. Telephones Year Number Per 1,000 population 1 2 Households with (percent) Census figures in italic*] Average daily conversations 1 Independent companies Total Residence Business Bell System 1 Not connecting with Bell System Local exchange Toll Local exchange Toll 7 8 9 10 11 12 120,218 115,222 109,256 103,752 98,787 93,656 88,793 84,453 80,969 77,422 583.4 565.2 541.5 519.3 499.6 479.0 459.5 442.9 430.7 418.0 90.5 89.8 88.5 87.1 86.3 84.6 82.8 81.4 80.2 78.9 87,137 83,210 79,029 74,963 71,481 67,729 64,124 60,876 58,289 55,737 33,081 32,012 30,227 28,789 27,308 25,927 24,669 23,577 22,680 21,685 903 943 122 776 813 632 659 152 393 507 20 19 18 16 15 15 14 13 12 11 315 279 134 976 976 024 134 301 576 915 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951.. 74,342 * 70,820 66,645 63,624 60,190 56,243 52,806 50,373 48,056 45,636 407.8 * 394.8 379.3 368.2 354.5 337.2 322.1 312.7 303.3 292.9 78.3 78.0 76.4 75.5 73.8 71.5 69.6 68.0 66.0 64.0 53,537 (NA) 47.831 45,433 42.832 39,854 37,272 35,411 33,667 31,939 20,805 (NA) 18,814 18,191 17,358 16,389 15,534 14,962 14,389 13,697 989 110 759 241 344 028 039 010 014 943 11 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 7 6 353 710 886 380 843 212 764 359 038 685 1950 1949 1948 1947.. 1946 1945.. 1944 1943 1942.. 1941 43,004 40,709 38,205 34,867 31,611 27,867 26,859 26,381 24,919 23,521 280.9 270.4 258.1 239.7 221.3 198.1 192.9 191.6 183.4 175.3 61.8 60.2 58.2 54.9 51.4 46.2 45.1 45.0 42.2 39.3 30,077 28,327 26,314 23,708 21,239 18,409 17,791 17,706 16,619 15,453 12,927 12,382 11,891 11,159 10,372 9,458 9,068 8,675 8,300 8,068 795 175 698 773 900 547 653 301 000 742 6 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 1940 1939 1938. 19S7 1937 1936 1935 1934— 1933 1932 1932 1931 21,928 20,831 19,953 19,153 19,453 18,433 17,424 16,869 16,628 i7, m 17,341 19,602 165.1 158.3 153.0 150.0 150.4 143.5 136.4 133.0 132.0 139.0 138.5 157.5 36.9 35.6 34.6 14,271 13,446 12,727 7,657 7,385 7,226 34.3 33.1 31.8 31.4 31.3 12,341 11,654 11,003 10,683 10,475 7,112 6,779 6,421 6,186 6,153 33.5 39.2 11,054 12,754 6,287 6,848 311 329 536 SS2 097 192 280 805 501 793 1930 1929 1928 1927 1927 1926--1925 1924 1923 19221922 1921 20,103 19,970 19,256 18,523 18,446 17,680 16,875 16,015 15,316 li,SJ,7 14,294 13,817 162.6 163.1 158.9 155.0 153.9 149.5 144.6 139.2 135.4 1S0.0 128.7 126.4 40.9 41.6 40.8 13,153 13,135 12,645 6,950 6,835 6,611 39.7 39.2 38.7 37.8 37.3 12,086 11,689 11,270 10,773 10,345 6,360 5,991 5,605 5,242 4,971 35.6 35.3 9,642 9,342 4,652 4,475 13,273 12,669 12,078 11.717 11,717 11,241 10,524 10,046 9,543 8,730 8,730 8,349 123.4 119.7 115.2 112.0 112.7 109.5 103.9 100.6 97.2 92.0 90.7 88.3 35.0 9,021 4,252 7,635 6,996 6,484 6,119 6,119 4,933 4,127 3,353 2,809 2,371 2,371 1,801 1,356 1,005 82.0 76.5 72.4 70.0 69.6 57.2 48.8 40.4 34.5 30.0 29.7 23.0 17.6 13.3 1920 1919 1918 1917 1917 1916 1915--_ 1914 1913 1912 1912 1911 1910. 190919081907 1907 1906 1905 19041903 19021902 1901 1900 1899 - Independent companies Bell System' Connecting with Bell System 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963. 1962 1961 . R 1-12 - 356 337 311 298 288 273 256 246 237 222 400 900 800 600 000 400 500 282 942 320 22,500 20,700 18,400 16,700 15,400 14,000 12,800 11,784 11,164 10,539 102 97 92 87 82 77 73 68 65 62 000 500 800 100 800 400 200 400 158 177 4,300 4,100 3,900 3,600 3,300 3,000 2,700 2,400 2,242 2,074 3 3 3 3 4 4 8 215 204 193 185 175 166 157 151 147 143 317 491 627 304 848 438 423 667 400 235 10,068 9,549 8,834 8,490 8,015 7,420 6,799 6,552 6,358 6,230 58 * 53 48 44 41 37 35 34 27 26 005 525 192 174 863 722 946 645 292 384 1,996 * 1,785 1,645 1,602 1,518 1,430 1,380 1,365 73 74 200 524 495 081 697 306 190 014 853 709 9 10 12 13 14 14 16 66 66 70 138 130 123 113 103 89 84 85 86 84 881 403 481 075 827 362 618 000 314 360 6,118 6,125 6,065 5,908 5,544 4,852 4,377 4,046 3,544 3,222 25 23 22 20 18 17 17 17 17 16 539 961 520 353 645 667 227 138 141 659 85 102 90 86 82 99 107 93 68 69 3 550 3 435 3 349 67 67 68 79 515 74 020 70 070 2,852 2,705 2,596 16 110 15 292 14 739 306 294 283 3 3 3 2 3 288 170 073 992 051 68 71 71 72 76 68 64 58 56 55 833 960 809 648 199 2,682 2,589 2,276 2,142 2,047 14 14 14 14 14 678 124 631 332 481 287 281 284 278 273 011 3 246 3 816 84 94 58 813 62 205 2,251 2,700 15 637 17 245 299 350 983 838 955 726 155 402 622 857 857 515 950 328 4 017 4 022 4 157 103 110 144 62 365 61 034 56 196 2,933 3,139 2,839 17 860 18 107 17 895 362 370 370 133 106 037 908 090 158 172 216 250 369 52 49 46 43 41 581 980 702 981 109 2,615 2,375 2,098 1,835 1,683 18 18 18 18 18 100 453 148 260 516 369 372 352 324 322 3 912 3 994 432 495 36 831 33 671 1,523 1,356 18 329 18 447 317 281 810 057 864 165 458 348 204 074 878 369 496 281 727 873 1,012 31 836 29 286 30 001 1,327 1,167 1,067 18 371 18 158 18 753 280 276 285 1,226 1,348 1,351 1,388 1,409 30 28 25 22 22 845 530 184 775 255 1,009 890 819 799 806 19 19 18 17 17 785 856 535 198 640 302 302 282 262 272 1,430 1,716 21 532 19 773 738 645 18 064 17 466 275 266 1 950 1 621 1 188 1,753 1,853 2,119 18 256 16 777 15 576 602 517 463 17 043 16 213 15 717 260 247 239 826 297 246 167 121 2,280 1,862 1,596 1,348 1,124 15 13 11 9 8 266 875 404 388 316 494 461 368 301 258 13 11 9 7 6 814 430 756 884 903 210 175 148 120 105 84 48 20 10 970 692 500 328 7 6 4 5 850 342 773 174 240 187 149 133 6 146 4 468 2 916 94 68 44 692 736 739 202 S27 032 545 968 585 255 087 804 352 522 176 132 013 774 285 838 564 S17 317 061 836 667 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 _ — — - _ — (Z) *(Z) (Z) See footnotes at end of table. 783 R 1-16 COMMUNICATIONS Series R 1-12. Telephones and Average Daily Conversations (Bell and Independent Companies): 1876 to 1970—Con. [In thousands, except series R 2 and R 3. Telephones Average daily conversations 1 Bell System 1 Independent companies not connecting with Bell System 6 8 Total Year 1898 18971896 1895 1894 18931892 1891 1890 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886 _ 1885 1884 1883 1882 1881 - . . Per 1,000 population 1 2 - - - - - - - . Number - . - . - - . „ - Series R 13-16. Local exchange Toll Local exchange Toll 9 10 11 12 228 212 195 181 167 156 148 124 98 71 i ,438 1,240 1,052 1,012 856 747 698 590 10 8 7 7 7 7 8 5 48 31 26 9 3 237 2 496 415 354 310 270 266 261 239 m 228 212 195 181 167 156 148 124 98 71 S.7 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.3 1.8 1.4 Si 48 31 26 9 3 1.1 .9 .6 .6 .2 .1 * Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. Represents zero. N A N o t available. Z Less than 500. Independent companies 95 75 63 51 38 34 41 34 9.2 7.1 5.7 4.8 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.7 185 100 50 30 15 Bell Systems 3,823 3,099 2,630 2,351 2,088 1,872 1,868 1,585 681 515 404 340 285 266 261 239 1880 1879 1878 1877 1876 Census figures in italics] 170 3 1 Beginning 1920, excludes private line telephones and " B e l l " figures derived through totaling data for the Bell Systems, the Southern New England Telephone Company, the Cincinnati Bell Inc., and Bell service telephones. 3 Bell System has no operations in Alaska and Hawaii. Telephone Toll Rates Between New York City and Selected Cities: 1902 to 1970 [Rate for station-to-station, daytime, 3-minute call] Between New York City and— Effective date Between New York City and— Philadelphia Chicago Denver San Francisco 13 14 15 16 1970, Feb 1968, Aug 1967, D e c . $0.50 .50 .50 $1.05 1.30 1.40 $1.25 1.65 1.60 $1.35 1.70 1.75 1965, Dec 1960, Feb 1959, Sept .50 .50 .60 1.40 1.45 1.45 1.70 1.80 1.95 2.00 2.25 2.25 .60 .46 .45 1.50 1.55 1.75 2.20 2.20 2.85 2.50 2.50 2.50 .45 .45 .45 1.75 1.90 2.20 3.25 3.25 4.50 4.00 4.00 6.50 1962, M a r . . 1946, Feb 1945, July 1941, July 1940, M a y . . 1937, Jan - - - . N A N o t available. ' Rates in effect immediately prior to Jan. 21,1919, according to an item in the New York Times for Jan. 23, 1919. 784 Effective date 1936, Sept 1930, Jan Philadelphia Chicago Denver San Francisco 13 14 15 16 $0.50 .50 $2.50 3.00 $5.25 6.00 $7.60 9.00 .60 .60 .60 3.00 3.25 3.40 6.00 6.00 7.25 9.00 9.00 11.30 .55 > .75 (NA) 4.65 •5.00 (NA) 10.40 11.25 11.25 16.50 18.50 19.80 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 5.45 11.25 11.25 20.70 1929, Feb 1927, Dec 1926, Oct 1919, J a n . . . . 1917, June 1917, M a r . . . 1915, Jan 1911 1902 * 1 - .55 Toll rates were $0,006 per mile for all mileages. TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS Series R 17-30. R 17-30 Bell Telephone Companies—Property, Revenues, Expenses, Interest, Net Income, Dividends, Employees, and Wages: 1880 to 1970 [In thousands, except series R 29. Telephone plant Book value Depreciation reserves 17 18 Miles of wire 1 Census figures in italics. Bell companies have no operations in Alaska and Hawaii] Operating revenues Total 2 Local Operating expenses 3 Toll Federal income taxes 21 19 $56,171,376 $12,609 552 601,912 $17,368 16,057 11,553 823 553 50,479 46,091 402 10,511 655 512 250 14,428 42,508 397 9,445 322 480 308 13,310 8,551 263 453 521 12,419 39,316 832 $8,685 7,979 1,366 6,910 6,517 479 015 128 073 473 $8,042 7,450 6,472 5,852 5,378 160 $12,867 709 11,401 036 10,025 380 9,245 439 8,577 $1,608,526 2,018,380 1,990,741 1,695,744 1,633,247 Interest expenses Net income Dividends declared 5 25 26 27 28 29 $2,303,227 2,307,298 2,162,630 2,150,612 2,076,305 $1,508,445 1,424,155 1,389,124 1,290,838 1,250,184 793,196 756,065 696,749 673,316 666,982 275 $1,028 178 720 821 673 356 435 848 275 199 493 757 281 048 412 992 261 260 214 748 371 207 412 668 $438 390 313 36,228 33,384 30,854 28,656 26,586 981 997 403 559 552 7,793 7,158 6,583 6,126 5,749 812 004 840 180 767 422 394 368 346 327 623 11,320 360 10,549 594 9,796 697 9,192 319 8,614 6,114 5,778 5,527 5,219 4,921 439 936 789 431 320 4,706 4,291 3,814 3,543 3,284 856 054 370 591 038 7,857 7,233 6,647 6,271 5,903 1,466,287 1,476,741 1,455,070 1,360,144 1,244,867 24,721 22,818 21,225 19,654 17,555 830 918 314 439 690 5,402 5,084 4,760 4,487 4,228 334 804 297 207 307 282 260 243 220 876 287 464 730 154 8,108 7,569 6,936 6,466 5.964 4,665 4,362 4,049 3,743 3,457 116 374 465 800 640 3,058 2,843 2,543 2,406 2,220 181 466 114 830 488 5,584 6,233 4,910 4.788 4,437 ,172,131 ,080,302 939,687 773,481 714,260 15,773 14,525 13,419 12,301 11,250 373 346 650 975 819 4,007 3,766 3,555 3,352 3,125 118 530 901 297 706 201 186 173 162 152 235 809 375 120 112 5,424 4,901 4,523 4,135 3,727 3,168 2,914 2,713 2,460 2,205 480 754 501 438 117 1,999 1.755 1,603 1,500 1,369 553 241 608 063 682 4,039 3,746 3,500 3,240 2,929 644,404 524,995 472,994 403,031 350,134 264 400 424 850 343 3,341 2.965 2,693 2,282 2,146 1,995 1,746 1,551 1,311 1,198 659 1,207 509 771 1,092 395 742 1,030 474 880 227 401 874 497 802 2,652 2,530 2,324 2,013 1.789 248,328 125,878 105,154 77,024 104,121 813 271 400 709 206 1,978 1,814 1,072 1,017 981 923 872 731 244 094 765 089 845 746 666 544 424 008 694 238 234 521 1,454 1,308 1,214 1,089 986 259,213 283,062 243,605 195,906 110,375 ' 3 0 339 91 273 563 87 411 582 85 295 1,205 1,136 1,080 1,051 1,079 1,020 811 766 734 70S 724 685 400 956 687 444 658 110 360 338 317 321 327 311 792 391 290 503 229 489 913 870 849 64,419 41,387 35,015 833 766 31,740 28,807 640 607 617 670 670 723 993 676 253 737 737 920 273 258 243 263 263 326 483 691 906 H8 148 269 726 685 684 20,843 19,586 17,109 747 824 19,073 21,249 10,375 9,688 8,848 7,552 6,474 100 160 572 159 011 2,904 2,724 2,597 2,447 2,286 820 745 371 046 952 144 135 126 114 107 5,865 5.670 5,543 5,450 5,196 065 879 992 471 319 2,108 1,934 1,763 1,601 1,482 385 419 868 916 590 101 100 99 99 97 4,887 4,727 4,621 i ,389 4,516 4,380 900 1,397 050 1,339 914 1,286 Blf9 998 ~"I"23i 1,156 881 4,196 4,177 4,169 i,269 4,188 4,195 Employees Other income, net 4 214 172 184 140 132 140 193 707 356 343 70C 368 314 288 414 158 052 262 422 874 005 226 216 773 10S 702 176 147 778 186 1,274,101 1,170,571 1,001,709 868,486 792,632 769,701 730,682 649,497 607,655 546,924 594,860 597.107 606,340 666,100 653,074 696,857 577,303 501,805 427,459 383,763 483,619 439,327 389,057 339,186 296,541 629,773 591,364 600,363 591,783 563,416 367,377 247,830 235,264 168,890 219,966 262,901 227,929 214,061 198,469 193,802 534,751 528,015 559,408 536,602 508,391 187,656 180,163 188,061 174,232 203,509 187,961 181,281 177,865 178,000 179,341 396,567 345,703 350,912 334,957 321.108 223,941 203,888 167,896 180,298 282,224 180,360 266,707 180.847 264,275 197,457 201,624 183,400 275,634 184,209 262,888 183,146 244,599 183,181 248,996 183,240 248,563 281,350 185,032 266,288 180,904 294,689 604 90 084 777 133 132 359 622 117 118 347 66$ 773 244 118 857 41 52 455 224 114 113 637 46S 63 40 649 613 829 91 63 42 491 42C 950 198 037 989 023 47 48 118 49 141 886 39 297 43 349 23 14 222 655 43 43 256 27 27 302 287 43 320 51 267 12 894 918 52 373 3 57 561 ' 1 942 54 351 147,539 125,352 114,580 17 36 717 568 56 64 135 720 139,336 193,379 626 54 54 9 7 5 4 17 52 52 910 177 99? 525 597 712 227 391 671 950 370 268 749 064 1,061 650 968 214 891 883 458 118 281 586 491 239 934 884 872 956 943 1,066 4,043 3.671 3,275 s,ose 3,013 2,783 422 100 687 613 985 023 740 006 699 035 650 621 1,094 1,063 969 89k 888 817 633 237 699 987 928 728 691 644 604 604 557 709 359 209 266 266 490 348 354 309 271 271 248 541 286 334 17i 174 087 852 807 728 21,931 22,924 25,591 47 43 27 966 621 66 59 51 229 582 635 201,646 217,105 191,088 600 664 576 216 248 619 193 819 823 861 670 611 23,908 22,712 21 21 888 329 50 49 511 809 166,059 155,061 2,524 2,266 1,978 1 ,783 1,729 1,543 906 923 948 079 220 530 485 443 395 395 350 071 661 130 297 297 642 474 894 524 61 i 617 766 736 653 598 5U6 543 495 648 459 153 820 747 244 506 454 412 37U 374 343 026 326 009 719 719 133 219 190 178 163 163 146 913 318 427 098 098 459 557 511 470 i38 426 397 16,829 13,091 11,748 19 20 920 314 526 45 41 37 941 531 21 17 209 37 86S 13 652 36 774 309 276 235 206 201 168 556 304 395 863 090 044 377 163 349 13 U 610 850 448 233 387 659 326 524 SOS 864 293 666 263 095 301 283 141 883 376 11 693 214 119 207 472 188 888 8H 560 972 237 224 197 31 27 23 724 693 111 21 18 82C 379 142 307 122 105 506 476 111 133 611 232 224 214 206 197 178 721 500 126 131 798 267 169 156 160 311 151 260 930 466 009 18 18 16 096 139 630 126 238 037 413 171 166 156 163 142 127 1,374 1,211 14 13 205 611 642 480 831 9i7 611 469 164 148 137 138 127 111 245 951 363 80U 869 080 114 896 103 502 93 964 004 095 800 964 781 11 557 10 10 222 " 8 8 682 77 243 411 192 1,363 1,215 1,142 i ,no 1,064 946 880 847 797 780 742 666 820' 195 788 586 611 557 528 526 502 450 92 73 54 38 17 12,246 114 101 93 99 87 77 ~10~162 7,471 4,246 6,635 5,8— 15 186 751 36 79C 21 266 ~~4~342 1,103 674 603 721 685 7 94(1 653 874 527 $6,640,908 5,911,857 5,136,622 4,791,543 4,617,006 1,886,943 1,144,416 627,278 1,743,574 1,085,182 604,577 1,567,130 934,275 585,941 1,456,158 915.846 578,403 1,350,079 871,249 581,245 127 79 69 Number 8 156,625 324,343 132,224 364,402 119,349 333,794 308,865 112,401 309,005 100,614 300,557 136,503 107,246 99,624 86,623 86,623 67,425 93,243 82,603 72,429 60.305 60.306 47,848 293,095 278,838 271,979 1,710 243,045 224,277 47,785 48,621 46,383 51,135 50,714 52,921 40,000 39,840 39,735 37,021 36,863 35.160 231,316 209,860 187,458 198,700 192,364 179,032 48,086 40,307 42,037 US,107 42,681 37,975 32,897 30,304 30,302 29,710 29,460 25,967 156,294 142,527 156,928 HI, 90S 141,340 129,724 39,438 38,146 33,894 SI,447 30,676 25,582 25.161 23,911 20,719 20,202 18,152 16,990 121,310 104,956 98,533 95,811 100,789 104,646 See footnotes at end of table. 785 R 17-45 COMMUNICATIONS Series K 17-30. Bell Telephone Companies—Property, Revenues, Expenses, Interest, Net Income, Dividends, Employees, and Wages: 1880 to 1970—Con. [In thousands, except series R 29. Year 1905 1904 1903 1902 1902. 1901 . . 1900 1899 1898 1897 1896 .. - - -- 1895 1894 1893 1892 1891 1890 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886 1885 1884 1883 1882 1881 1880 1880 . . Operating revenues - - . . . . Employees Telephone plant, book value Miles of wire 1 Total2 Local Toll 17 19 20 21 22 Operating expenses 2 Other income, net 4 Interest expenses Net income Dividends declared s 23 25 26 27 28 $96,923 85,296 75,089 $67,620 59,841 52,710 $26,412 22,638 19,879 $66,189 68,152 50,946 $577 577 553 250,013 211,780 5,780 4,671 9,359 3,388 3,282 2,445 64.176 54.177 44,845 37,971 16,906 14,329 44,338 35,824 457 373 180,700 145,511 118,124 104,488 95,242 1,962 1,519 1,159 951 806 46,086 32,414 12,098 30,632 300 198 168 144 144 87,859 77,731 73,136 67,636 62,190 675 577 508 441 382 24,059 15,488 58,512 61,572 44,436 40,799 38,325 2 i0 332 280 244 203 172 16,405 16,153 11,Ui 9,068 156 137 115 83 62 10,002 5,124 Si 30 3,098 $368,065 316,521 284,568 - Census figures in italics] 38,619 15,702 Beginning 1957, excludes drop and block wire. Includes miscellaneous revenues not shown elsewhere. ' Excludes Federal income taxes. * Nonoperating income including Western Electric income less non-operating deductions from income. Telephone plant Book value Depreciation reserves 16,129 15,464 2,390 13,364 12,095 10,577 9,735 8,833 7,894 6,647 6,294 6,127 5,481 37,067 29,818 22