The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Bureau of Labor Statistics HOME Publications BLS Reports ARCHIVE September 2021 ABOUT BLS REPORTS SUBSCRIBE Report 1094 Highlights of women's earnings in 2020 In 2020, women who were full-time wage and salary workers had median usual weekly earnings that were 82 percent of those of male full-time wage and salary workers. In 1979, the first year for which comparable earnings data are available, women’s earnings were 62 percent of men’s. Most of the growth in women’s earnings relative to men’s occurred in the 1980s (when the women’s-to-men’s ratio went from 64 percent to 70 percent) and in the 1990s (when the ratio went from 72 percent to 77 percent). Since 2004, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio has remained in the 80 to 83 percent range. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.) Data on median weekly earnings for 2020 reflect the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market. Comparisons with data on earnings for earlier years should be interpreted with caution. Large declines in employment in 2020, particularly among low-wage workers (who were disproportionately affected by job loss related to the pandemic), resulted in changes in the median earnings distribution. This large and abrupt shift in the earnings distribution during the year manifested as an upward bump in the rate of earnings growth in 2020; however, the underlying rate of growth in workers’ median weekly earnings during the year is more difficult to discern because of the sudden, dramatic shift in the earnings distribution. More information on labor market developments in 2020 is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/ef fects-of-covid-19-pandemic-and-response-on-the-employment-situation-news-release.htm. Chart 1. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2020 annual averages Percent 100 90 80 70 60 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 Hover over chart to view data. Note: Percentages are calculated from annual averages of median usual weekly earnings for full-time wage and salary workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. View Chart Data This report presents earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The weekly and hourly earnings estimates in this report reflect information collected from one-fourth of the households in the monthly survey and averaged for the calendar year. The data in this report are distinct from the annual earnings estimates for full-time, year-round workers collected separately in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS and published by the U.S. Census Bureau. (See the BLS website for an explanation of the differences in these datasets.) The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be important in explaining earnings differences, such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization. The earnings estimates referenced throughout this report are medians. The median is the midpoint in the earnings distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median level and half having earnings below. See the technical notes for more information, including a description of the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts and definitions used in this report. Earnings of full-time workers This report highlights data for women and men who usually work full time (35 hours or more per week) in wage and salary jobs, with sections focusing on characteristics, such as age, race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, education, occupation, and more. Earnings by age group In 2020, median weekly earnings were $891 for all women age 16 and older. For men age 16 and older, median weekly earnings were $1,082. Women’s median weekly earnings were highest for those between the ages of 35 to 44, with earnings of $978, and those ages 45 to 54, with earnings of $977. Women ages 55 to 64 had earnings that were slightly lower, at $955. For men, earnings were highest for 45- to 54-year-olds, with earnings of $1,260. Men ages 55 to 64 and ages 35 to 44 had earnings that were slightly lower, $1,228 and $1,205, respectively. Young women and men ages 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings ($589 and $622, respectively). (See ch art 2 and table 1.) Chart 2. Median usual weekly earnings of women and men who are full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 2020 annual averages 16 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 and older Earnings $1,400 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 Women Click legend items to change data display. Hover over chart to view data. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey. Men View Chart Data In 2020, women’s earnings ranged from 78 percent to 81 percent of men’s among workers age 35 and older. For those under age 35, the earnings differences between women and men were smaller. Women ages 25 to 34 earned 90 percent of what men did, while women ages 16 to 24 earned 95 percent of what men earned. The earnings difference between men and women has historically been smaller for those under age 35 than for those in older age groups. (See tables 1 and 12.) Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios have grown substantially for most age groups since 1979. For young workers ages 16 to 24, the gains occurred primarily in the 1980s. For workers ages 25 to 64, the gains continued into the 2000s, but have tapered off in recent years. (See table 12.) Earnings by race and ethnicity Asian women and men earned more than their White, Black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2020. Among women, Whites ($905) earned 79 percent as much as Asians ($1,143); Blacks ($764) earned 67 percent; and Hispanics ($705) earned 62 percent. Among men, these earnings differences were even larger: White men ($1,110) earned 77 percent as much as Asian men ($1,447); Black men ($830) earned 57 percent as much; and Hispanic men ($797) earned 55 percent. (See chart 3 and table 1 .) Chart 3. Median usual weekly earnings of women and men who are full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2020 annual averages Women Men Earnings $1,500 $1,000 $500 $0 Total White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or La�no ethnicity Click legend items to change data display. Hover over chart to view data. Note: People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. View Chart Data Earnings differences between women and men were largest among Asians and among Whites. Asian women earned 79 percent as much as Asian men in 2020, and White women earned 82 percent as much as White men. In comparison, Black women had median earnings that were 92 percent of Black men’s, and Hispanic women’s earnings were 89 percent of Hispanic men’s. (See table 1.) Women’s earnings have increased considerably since 1979 (the first year for which comparable data for Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics are available), with White women experiencing the greatest earnings growth. From 1979 to 2019, inflation-adjusted median weekly earnings (also called constant-dollar earnings) increased by 39 percent for White women, by 27 percent for Black women, and by 24 percent for Hispanic women. For White and Black women, gains tapered off around 2004 and showed little net growth through 2019. By contrast, Hispanic women’s earnings remained on an upward trend, although substantial earnings growth for them did not begin until the late 1990s. Earnings of White, Black, and Hispanic women increased from 2019 to 2020, but these increases must be interpreted with caution due to the pandemicrelated employment declines in 2020. These employment declines, which were most notable among lower paid workers, put upward pressure on median weekly earnings estimates. (See table 18.) The long-term trend in men’s earnings has been quite different than that for women. Inflation-adjusted earnings for White and Black men trended down from 1979 through the first part of the 1990s, followed by a period of growth that stalled in the early 2000s. For Hispanic men, earnings also declined from 1979 through the mid-1990s, then began to trend up. From 1979 through 2019, inflation-adjusted earnings showed little change on net for White (6 percent), Black (3 percent), and Hispanic (4 percent) men. Median weekly earnings increased from 2019 to 2020 for White, Black, and Hispanic men, but these increases reflect the effects of the pandemic-related employment declines and must be interpreted with caution. (See table 18.) Between 2000 and 2019, inflation-adjusted earnings for Asian women and men remained on an upward trend, with earnings increasing somewhat less for women than men (26 percent and 31 percent, respectively). (Data for Asians are not available prior to 2000.) Median earnings estimates for Asian men and women both increased sharply from 2019 to 2020, but again, these increases likely reflect the impact of pandemic-related employment declines on the earnings distributions. (See table 18.) Earnings by educational attainment Median weekly earnings vary significantly by educational attainment. Among all workers age 25 and older, the weekly earnings of those without a high school diploma ($619) were 44 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree and higher ($1,421) in 2020. For workers with a high school diploma who had not attended college, median earnings ($781) were 55 percent of those for workers with a bachelor’s degree and higher. Those with some college or an associate’s degree (median weekly earnings of $903) made 64 percent of what workers with a bachelor’s degree and higher made. (See table 1.) In each educational attainment category, the long-term trend in inflation-adjusted earnings has been more favorable for women than for men. The inflation-adjusted earnings of women without a high school diploma changed little (a 4-percent increase) between 1979 and 2020. By contrast, inflation-adjusted earnings for men declined by 20 percent. For those with a bachelor’s degree or higher, inflation-adjusted earnings for women have increased by 41 percent since 1979, while earnings for men have risen by 25 percent. (Data refer to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 4 and table 19.) Chart 4. Percentage change in inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings of women and men, by educational attainment, 1979–2020 Women Men Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate's degree Bachelor's degree and higher -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 Click legend items to change data display. Hover over chart to view data. Note: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers age 25 and older. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey. View Chart Data Earnings by occupation Women and men working full time in management, business, and financial operations occupations had higher median weekly earnings than workers in any other major occupational category in 2020 ($1,274 for women and $1,667 for men). Within this category, the highest earning women were chief executives ($2,051) and computer and information systems managers ($1,910). Men in these two occupation groups earned $2,712 and $2,091, respectively. (See table 2.) The second-highest paying occupational category for women and men was professional and related occupations ($1,121 for women and $1,532 for men). This is a broad occupational category made up of several distinct job groupings for specialized fields, such as computer science and math, architecture and engineering, law, education, and healthcare. Within this diverse category, women who were pharmacists ($2,160), other physicians ($1,905), and physician assistants ($1,894) had the highest median weekly earnings in 2020. For men, those who were lawyers ($2,324), other physicians ($2,311), and pharmacists ($2,286) earned the most. (See table 2.) Women and men employed in service occupations earned the least in 2020 ($574 for women and $704 for men). Within this category, women who were employed as fast food and counter workers ($470) and food preparation workers ($489) had the lowest median weekly earnings. For men, those who were employed as fast food and counter workers ($462) and cooks ($512) earned the least. Occupational distributions of women and men The occupational distributions of female and male full-time workers differ considerably. Compared with men, relatively few women work in natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations and women are far more concentrated in office and administrative support jobs. (See chart 5 and table 2.) Chart 5. Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment for women and men, by major occupational group, 2020 annual averages Women Men Percent of total employment 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Management, business, and financial opera�ons occupa�ons Professional and related occupa�ons Service occupa�ons Sales and related occupa�ons Natural resources, Produc�on, Office and administra�ve construc�on, and transporta�on, support maintenance and material occupa�ons occupa�ons moving occupa�ons Click legend items to change data display. Hover over chart to view data. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey. View Chart Data Women also are more likely than men to work in professional and related occupations. In 2020, 33 percent of women worked in professional and related occupations, compared with 21 percent of men. Within the professional category, though, the proportion of women employed in the higher paying jobs is much smaller than the proportion of men employed in them. In 2020, 11 percent of women in professional and related occupations were employed in the relatively high-paying computer (median weekly earnings of $1,423 for women and $1,738 for men) and engineering ($1,382 for women and $1,626 for men) occupations, compared with 48 percent of men. Women were over twice as likely to work in education ($1,026 for women and $1,327 for men) and healthcare ($1,153 for women and $1,506 for men) jobs, which generally pay less than computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-six percent of women in professional occupations worked in education and healthcare jobs in 2020, compared with 29 percent of men. (See table 2.) Across all occupational categories, the three most common jobs for women were registered nurse ($1,240), elementary and middle school teacher ($1,085), and secretaries and administrative assistants ($777). Collectively, these occupations employed 6.3 million women in 2020, representing 13 percent of women in full-time wage and salary jobs. Among men, the most common job by far was truck driver (driver/sales workers and truck drivers, $916). In 2020, 2.4 million, or 4 percent, of all male full-wage and salary workers were truck drivers. Although engineering jobs are shown separately by specialty (civil, mechanical, etc.) in this report, if combined, engineer would be the second most common job for men. In 2020, a total of 1.8 million men were employed full time in the 16 designated engineering specialties (median weekly earnings ranging from $1,595 to $1,993). (See table 2.) Earnings for workers with and without children under 18 In 2020, about one-third of full-time wage and salary workers were parents of children under age 18. (As defined here, “children” include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the household.) Median weekly earnings for mothers of children under age 18 ($909) were higher than the earnings for women without children under 18 ($882). Earnings for fathers of children under 18, at $1,229, were higher than the earnings of $1,005 for men without children under 18. (See table 7.) Earnings by state of residence Median weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios vary by state of residence. (In this report, “state” refers to the 50 states and the District of Columbia.) The differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in the occupations and industries found in each state and differences in the demographic composition of each state’s labor force. Readers should note that sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates. (See the technical notes section for an explanation of sampling error.) Consequently, earnings comparisons between states should be made with caution. Readers also should note that the state estimates are based on workers’ state of residence; their reported earnings are not necessarily from a job located in the same state. (See table 3.) Weekly work hours of full-time workers Among full-time workers (that is, those usually working at a job 35 hours or more per week), men are more likely than women to work more than 40 hours per week. In 2020, 23 percent of men who usually work full time worked 41 or more hours per week, compared with 14 percent of women. Women were more likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 10 percent of women worked such hours in 2020, while 4 percent of men did. A majority of both male (73 percent) and female (76 percent) full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek. Among these workers, women earned 87 percent as much as men. (These percentages are calculated excluding people who usually work 35 or more hours per week and whose hours vary.) (See table 5.) Earnings of part-time workers Women are more likely than men to work part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole or main job. Women who worked part time made up 22 percent of all female wage and salary workers in 2020. In comparison, 11 percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables 4 and 5.) Median weekly earnings for female part-timers were $309 in 2020, little different than the $305 median for men. (See table 4.) Part-time workers are more likely to be under age 25 than full-time workers. Among part-timers, 29 percent of women and 42 percent of men were under age 25 in 2020. Among full-time workers, 8 percent of women and 9 percent of men were under age 25. (See tables 1 and 4.) Earnings of workers paid by the hour In 2020, 58 percent of women and 54 percent of men in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour. Women who were paid hourly rates had median hourly earnings of $15.22 in 2020, which were 86 percent of the $17.75 median for men. (See tables 8 and 11.) Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2020, 2 percent of women and 1 percent of men had hourly earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25. (See tables 10 and 11.) See the technical notes section for information about BLS estimates of the number of minimum wage workers. Statistical Tables [–] Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2020 annual averages Total Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Women Median weekly earnings Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Men Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Standard error of median Age Total, 16 years and older 110,387 $984 $2 49,476 $891 $3 60,911 $1,082 $5 82.3 9,364 606 3 4,172 589 4 5,191 622 4 94.7 16 to 19 years 1,336 497 5 536 464 11 800 513 6 90.4 20 to 24 years 8,027 624 4 3,636 606 4 4,391 648 5 93.5 25 years and older 101,024 1,029 3 45,304 929 3 55,720 1,144 3 81.2 25 to 34 years 27,661 904 4 12,375 852 6 15,287 952 6 89.5 35 to 44 years 25,641 1,106 6 11,293 978 7 14,348 1,205 9 81.2 45 to 54 years 23,814 1,129 6 10,853 977 7 12,961 1,260 9 77.5 55 to 64 years 19,017 1,096 8 8,683 955 7 10,334 1,228 11 77.8 4,890 999 11 2,100 897 12 2,790 1,115 19 80.4 White 85,142 1,003 3 37,091 905 3 48,051 1,110 5 81.5 Black or African American 14,044 794 6 7,335 764 5 6,709 830 9 92.0 7,353 1,310 21 3,269 1,143 14 4,084 1,447 20 79.0 19,558 758 4 7,863 705 5 11,695 797 5 88.5 Never married 33,818 792 3 15,119 765 4 18,699 814 4 94.0 Married, spouse present(1) 60,048 1,133 3 24,915 981 4 35,132 1,250 5 78.5 Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 16,521 929 6 9,442 853 9 7,079 1,034 12 82.5 Widowed 1,653 881 20 1,187 816 21 466 1,032 47 79.1 Divorced 11,245 980 7 6,413 904 8 4,832 1,087 12 83.2 3,623 797 11 1,842 710 10 1,781 914 13 77.7 Members of unions(4) 12,987 1,144 5 5,817 1,067 10 7,171 1,216 10 87.7 Represented by unions(5) 14,486 1,138 5 6,529 1,057 9 7,957 1,210 9 87.4 Not represented by a union 95,901 958 3 42,947 862 4 52,953 1,051 5 82.0 16 to 24 years 65 years and older Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Marital Status Separated(2) Union Affiliation(3) Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for 2020, includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to 2020, included only people in opposite-sex marriages. (2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. (3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region. (4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Women Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Men Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and older 101,024 1,029 3 45,304 929 3 55,720 1,144 3 81.2 Less than a high school diploma 5,699 619 3 1,829 525 6 3,870 674 6 77.9 High school graduates, no college 24,153 781 3 9,140 671 4 15,013 881 5 76.2 25,413 903 4 11,677 779 4 13,736 1,027 7 75.9 45,759 1,421 5 22,658 1,239 5 23,100 1,644 8 75.4 Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for 2020, includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to 2020, included only people in opposite-sex marriages. (2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. (3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region. (4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] [–] Total Occupation Total, full-time wage and salary workers Number of workers Women Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers 110,387 $984 $2 49,476 $891 $3 60,911 $1,082 $5 82.3 50,023 1,356 4 25,933 1,164 4 24,090 1,578 9 73.8 20,811 1,461 7 9,729 1,274 12 11,082 1,667 17 76.4 13,517 1,541 9 5,747 1,347 12 7,770 1,737 16 77.5 1,157 2,402 32 363 2,051 91 794 2,712 109 75.6 983 1,453 23 281 1,241 30 702 1,541 37 80.5 Legislators 11 - - 3 - - 9 - - - Advertising and promotions managers 46 - - 27 - - 19 - - - Marketing managers 483 1,537 80 284 1,435 129 199 1,732 174 82.9 Sales managers Management, professional and related occupations Management, business, and financial operations occupations Management occupations Chief executives General and operations managers 495 1,794 85 163 1,411 64 332 1,896 22 74.4 Public relations and fundraising managers 74 1,344 62 50 1,286 123 25 - - - Administrative services managers 62 1,284 375 41 - - 22 - - - Facilities managers 122 1,318 172 33 - - 89 1,389 83 - Computer and information systems managers 703 2,018 71 187 1,910 29 516 2,091 32 91.3 Financial managers 1,228 1,492 48 624 1,242 35 603 1,880 30 66.1 Compensation and benefits managers 14 - - 13 - - 1 - - - Human resources managers 264 1,644 61 194 1,599 79 70 1,748 62 91.5 Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Training and development managers Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings 47 - - 20 - - 27 - - - Industrial production managers 248 1,550 35 53 1,402 238 195 1,582 74 88.6 Purchasing managers 221 1,544 46 98 1,441 73 123 1,636 46 88.1 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 266 972 36 55 943 37 212 989 48 95.3 109 874 83 17 - - 92 874 75 - Construction managers 606 1,575 41 50 1,368 133 556 1,586 55 86.3 Education and childcare administrators 846 1,462 25 560 1,400 29 286 1,590 57 88.1 Architectural and engineering managers 155 2,413 358 15 - - 140 2,402 369 - Food service managers 707 877 31 344 791 30 363 1,006 23 78.6 Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers Funeral home managers 6 - - 3 - - 4 - - - Entertainment and recreation managers 34 - - 9 - - 24 - - - Lodging managers 74 888 68 38 - - 36 - - - Medical and health services managers 629 1,555 51 438 1,464 34 192 1,839 81 79.6 Natural sciences managers 11 - - 8 - - 3 - - - Postmasters and mail superintendents 19 - - 10 - - 9 - - - 433 1,140 15 224 1,086 49 209 1,182 102 91.9 330 1,234 27 240 1,163 24 90 1,580 261 73.6 10 - - 3 - - 7 - - - 2 - - 1 - - 1 - - - 3,120 1,564 23 1,299 1,379 22 1,821 1,749 20 78.8 7,294 1,363 10 3,982 1,209 17 3,312 1,550 16 78.0 27 - - 15 - - 12 - - - 9 - - 4 - - 5 - - - 130 1,053 115 66 1,066 192 64 1,047 115 101.8 219 1,231 46 113 1,138 30 106 1,387 87 82.0 325 1,108 64 203 967 49 122 1,336 38 72.4 Property, real estate, and community association managers Social and community service managers Emergency management directors Personal service managers, all other Managers, all other Business and financial operations occupations Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators Compliance officers 286 1,372 46 167 1,371 52 119 1,373 91 99.9 Cost estimators 111 1,434 82 15 - - 96 1,456 84 - Human resources workers 739 1,251 29 553 1,174 34 185 1,443 97 81.4 67 1,143 73 53 1,041 47 14 - - - 103 1,255 107 60 1,171 221 43 - - - Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists Training and development specialists Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Logisticians 134 1,173 159 50 1,140 42 84 1,256 56 90.8 Project management specialists 644 1,560 76 295 1,468 38 350 1,693 85 86.7 Management analysts 658 1,629 45 273 1,455 50 384 1,856 63 78.4 92 1,049 32 63 996 32 29 - - - Meeting, convention, and event planners Fundraisers 91 1,479 82 65 1,486 118 26 - - - Market research analysts and marketing specialists 358 1,326 127 212 1,198 47 145 1,608 70 74.5 Business operations specialists, all other 271 1,273 112 144 1,086 60 126 1,540 58 70.5 1,488 1,298 46 893 1,186 24 595 1,520 34 78.0 Property appraisers and assessors 51 1,225 136 19 - - 32 - - - Budget analysts 66 1,461 31 32 - - 33 - - - Credit analysts 20 - - 11 - - 9 - - - Financial and investment analysts 310 1,590 50 128 1,488 68 182 1,742 46 85.4 Personal financial advisors 400 1,638 116 149 1,291 131 251 1,900 30 67.9 Insurance underwriters 101 1,261 64 59 1,141 44 42 - - - 21 - - 13 - - 8 - - - 391 1,199 92 222 1,013 29 169 1,492 118 67.9 Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents 59 1,086 125 33 - - 26 - - - Tax preparers 44 - - 27 - - 17 - - - Other financial specialists 80 1,328 197 43 - - 37 - - - 29,213 1,270 6 16,204 1,121 5 13,008 1,532 9 73.2 5,083 1,633 17 1,246 1,423 23 3,838 1,738 17 81.9 39 - - 9 - - 30 - - - Computer systems analysts 529 1,515 29 175 1,413 53 353 1,621 51 87.2 Information security analysts 125 2,078 57 11 - - 114 2,082 27 - Accountants and auditors Financial examiners Credit counselors and loan officers Professional and related occupations Computer and mathematical occupations Computer and information research scientists Computer programmers 388 1,653 42 82 1,529 304 307 1,673 77 91.4 1,742 1,920 33 322 1,728 106 1,420 2,004 29 86.2 94 1,697 560 21 - - 73 1,977 226 - Web developers 78 1,554 34 18 - - 60 1,551 32 - Web or digital interface designers 52 1,158 62 22 - - 30 - - - Computer support specialists 584 1,147 22 157 1,095 38 427 1,163 24 94.2 Database administrators and architects 107 1,725 102 29 - - 78 1,718 139 - Network and computer systems administrators 235 1,438 36 48 - - 187 1,461 43 - 93 1,902 88 10 - - 83 1,980 203 - 716 1,394 44 199 1,161 35 517 1,456 37 79.7 24 - - 9 - - 15 - - - 2 - - 1 - - 2 - - - Software developers Software quality assurance analysts and testers Computer network architects Computer occupations, all other Actuaries Mathematicians Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Operations research analysts Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings 154 1,615 106 73 1,460 58 81 1,786 172 81.7 Statisticians 53 1,572 120 30 - - 24 - - - Other mathematical science occupations 68 1,416 91 30 - - 38 - - - 2,933 1,575 21 467 1,382 35 2,466 1,626 21 85.0 136 1,537 47 34 - - 101 1,549 43 - Landscape architects 15 - - 5 - - 11 - - - Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists 38 - - 3 - - 36 - - - Architecture and engineering occupations Architects, except landscape and naval Aerospace engineers 121 1,939 150 14 - - 107 1,993 154 - Agricultural engineers 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - - Biomedical engineers 22 - - 10 - - 12 - - - Chemical engineers 70 1,862 182 14 - - 55 1,900 39 - 370 1,611 54 54 1,588 41 317 1,629 71 97.5 84 1,889 41 18 - - 66 1,884 36 - 243 1,864 49 30 - - 213 1,866 53 - 26 - - 11 - - 15 - - - 225 1,584 35 46 - - 179 1,595 35 - 18 - - 0 - - 18 - - - Civil engineers Computer hardware engineers Electrical and electronics engineers Environmental engineers Industrial engineers, including health and safety Marine engineers and naval architects Materials engineers Mechanical engineers 52 1,586 86 10 - - 42 - - - 348 1,713 86 31 - - 317 1,736 29 - 15 - - 2 - - 13 - - - Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers Nuclear engineers Petroleum engineers Engineers, all other 9 - - 1 - - 7 - - - 18 - - 2 - - 16 - - - 543 1,746 18 83 1,463 130 460 1,759 18 83.2 Architectural and civil drafters 34 - - 9 - - 25 - - - Other drafters 77 1,126 61 16 - - 60 1,137 63 - 81 1,172 162 3 - - 78 1,198 76 - 340 1,119 65 65 900 28 275 1,186 51 75.9 43 - - 6 - - 38 - - - Life, physical, and social science occupations 1,401 1,336 32 666 1,202 31 735 1,450 33 82.9 Agricultural and food scientists 26 - - 11 - - 15 - - - Biological scientists 72 1,141 44 35 - - 37 - - - 11 - - 3 - - 8 - - - 114 1,612 193 60 1,372 248 53 2,103 68 65.2 7 - - 3 - - 4 - - - 19 - - 9 - - 10 - - - Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians Other engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters Surveying and mapping technicians Conservation scientists and foresters Medical scientists Life scientists, all other Astronomers and physicists Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Atmospheric and space scientists 9 - - 4 - - 5 - - - Chemists and materials scientists 83 1,362 50 34 - - 50 1,435 80 - 39 - - 20 - - 19 - - - 43 - - 8 - - 34 - - - 324 1,438 49 149 1,325 93 175 1,728 339 76.7 Environmental scientists and specialists, including health Geoscientists and hydrologists, except geographers Physical scientists, all other Economists 26 - - 11 - - 15 - - - Survey researchers 5 - - 3 - - 1 - - - Clinical and counseling psychologists 8 - - 5 - - 3 - - - School psychologists 34 - - 29 - - 5 - - - Other psychologists 63 1,435 60 50 1,302 130 13 - - - 3 - - 2 - - 1 - - - Urban and regional planners 47 - - 19 - - 29 - - - Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers 39 - - 15 - - 24 - - - Agricultural and food science technicians 38 - - 15 - - 24 - - - Biological technicians 22 - - 15 - - 7 - - - Chemical technicians 64 1,039 60 25 - - 39 - - - Geoscience and environmental science technicians 18 - - 6 - - 13 - - - Nuclear technicians 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - - Social science research assistants 3 - - 1 - - 2 - - - Other life, physical, and social science technicians 202 1,074 51 111 1,047 35 90 1,116 50 93.8 Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians 77 1,444 122 24 - - 53 1,423 51 - 2,187 1,003 12 1,484 976 15 703 1,103 35 88.5 99 950 49 82 966 45 17 - - - 294 1,080 41 222 1,061 58 72 1,133 41 93.6 Sociologists Community and social service occupations Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors Marriage and family therapists 22 - - 19 - - 3 - - - Mental health counselors 86 1,066 41 65 1,089 55 21 - - - Rehabilitation counselors 24 - - 13 - - 11 - - - 132 956 56 85 947 46 47 - - - 58 894 24 51 894 22 7 - - - Healthcare social workers 70 1,152 27 61 1,139 26 9 - - - Mental health and substance abuse social workers 19 - - 17 - - 2 - - - Social workers, all other 593 985 21 509 972 26 84 1,170 66 83.1 Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists 111 1,058 33 58 977 86 53 1,203 54 81.2 Social and human service assistants 168 841 74 133 803 36 35 - - - Counselors, all other Child, family, and school social workers Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Other community and social service specialists Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings 83 1,034 74 62 1,045 76 22 - - - 353 1,055 63 61 858 114 292 1,131 32 75.9 Directors, religious activities and education 36 - - 22 - - 14 - - - Religious workers, all other 38 - - 24 - - 14 - - - 1,410 1,540 24 812 1,252 37 599 2,275 98 55.0 821 2,097 133 351 1,665 104 470 2,324 79 71.6 15 - - 11 - - 4 - - - 60 1,856 594 34 - - 26 - - - Paralegals and legal assistants 343 942 22 295 918 23 48 - - - Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers 101 1,136 55 76 989 95 25 - - - 71 1,042 57 46 - - 25 - - - 7,012 1,096 9 5,142 1,026 9 1,870 1,327 24 77.3 Postsecondary teachers 891 1,516 37 448 1,384 29 443 1,633 48 84.8 Preschool and kindergarten teachers 412 721 27 411 721 26 2 - - - 3,064 1,118 10 2,430 1,085 11 634 1,258 19 86.2 Secondary school teachers 914 1,199 22 530 1,149 17 383 1,319 54 87.1 Special education teachers 301 1,044 21 244 1,036 22 58 1,102 188 94.0 Clergy Legal occupations Lawyers Judicial law clerks Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers Legal support workers, all other Education, training, and library occupations Elementary and middle school teachers Tutors 42 - - 31 - - 11 - - - 376 1,061 40 231 942 30 145 1,314 132 71.7 46 - - 27 - - 19 - - - 120 1,073 122 100 1,127 56 19 - - - Library technicians 17 - - 14 - - 2 - - - Teacher assistants 714 617 12 591 604 11 123 732 40 82.5 116 1,145 68 85 1,108 97 31 - - - 1,681 1,179 25 804 1,128 25 877 1,252 21 90.1 Artists and related workers 87 1,116 67 28 - - 59 1,152 55 - Commercial and industrial designers 6 - - 3 - - 3 - - - Fashion designers 24 - - 16 - - 7 - - - Floral designers 38 - - 27 - - 11 - - - Other teachers and instructors Archivists, curators, and museum technicians Librarians and media collections specialists Other educational instruction and library workers Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations Graphic designers 209 1,230 31 119 1,140 35 91 1,395 223 81.7 Interior designers 74 1,107 53 55 1,021 235 19 - - - Merchandise displayers and window trimmers 22 - - 12 - - 10 - - - 271 1,210 66 101 1,107 154 170 1,234 69 89.7 Other designers Actors 10 - - 5 - - 6 - - - 123 1,499 135 60 1,548 168 63 1,458 48 106.2 Athletes and sports competitors 21 - - 2 - - 19 - - - Coaches and scouts 90 931 49 36 - - 54 946 80 - Producers and directors Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Umpires, referees, and other sports officials 9 - - 1 - - 9 - - - Dancers and choreographers 4 - - 4 - - 0 - - - Music directors and composers 16 - - 3 - - 13 - - - Musicians and singers 12 - - 2 - - 10 - - - 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - - 7 - - 3 - - 5 - - - 18 - - 2 - - 16 - - - 62 1,044 144 34 - - 29 - - - 128 1,553 40 80 1,452 275 48 - - - Editors 57 1,237 40 29 - - 28 - - - Technical writers 53 1,347 115 26 - - 28 - - - Writers and authors 98 1,257 61 64 1,127 77 35 - - - Interpreters and translators 44 - - 25 - - 18 - - - Court reporters and simultaneous captioners 21 - - 18 - - 3 - - - Media and communication workers, all other 14 - - 6 - - 8 - - - 53 1,001 42 6 - - 47 - - - Photographers 66 990 38 30 - - 36 - - - Television, video, and film camera operators and editors 40 - - 10 - - 30 - - - Media and communication equipment workers, all other 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - - 7,504 1,227 10 5,584 1,153 7 1,921 1,506 29 76.6 9 - - 2 - - 8 - - - Dentists 58 2,079 130 18 - - 41 - - - Dietitians and nutritionists 83 1,009 61 77 1,019 55 5 - - - Disc jockeys, except radio disc jockeys Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys News analysts, reporters, and journalists Public relations specialists Broadcast, sound, and lighting technicians Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations Chiropractors Optometrists 21 - - 10 - - 11 - - - Pharmacists 241 2,222 90 134 2,160 142 108 2,286 36 94.5 10 - - 2 - - 8 - - - 20 - - 5 - - 15 - - - 752 2,102 238 313 1,905 43 439 2,311 134 82.4 48 - - 16 - - 32 - - - 113 1,911 48 67 1,894 69 47 - - - 5 - - 1 - - 4 - - - Emergency medicine physicians Radiologists Other physicians Surgeons Physician assistants Podiatrists Audiologists 13 - - 12 - - 1 - - - Occupational therapists 96 1,373 37 85 1,357 32 11 - - - 209 1,468 60 135 1,451 31 74 1,591 109 91.2 11 - - 3 - - 8 - - - Physical therapists Radiation therapists Recreational therapists 11 - - 7 - - 3 - - - Respiratory therapists 100 1,162 62 71 1,093 35 29 - - - Speech-language pathologists 152 1,297 45 143 1,272 35 8 - - - Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Exercise physiologists Therapists, all other Number of workers 5 Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings - Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers - 4 - - Standard error of median Median weekly earnings 0 - - - 159 1,043 49 130 986 54 29 - - - 55 1,795 163 36 - - 19 - - - Registered nurses 2,701 1,262 13 2,337 1,240 13 364 1,454 41 85.3 Nurse anesthetists 30 - - 16 - - 15 - - - Veterinarians Nurse midwives 7 - - 7 - - 0 - - - 171 1,872 67 145 1,867 51 26 - - - 7 - - 3 - - 4 - - - 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - - 289 1,028 57 211 946 36 78 1,195 75 79.2 Dental hygienists 96 1,125 63 89 1,083 89 7 - - - Cardiovascular technologists and technicians 37 - - 25 - - 12 - - - 73 1,227 87 61 1,208 127 12 - - - 222 1,103 29 145 1,063 37 77 1,234 42 86.1 Magnetic resonance imaging technologists 45 - - 21 - - 24 - - - Nuclear medicine technologists and medical dosimetrists 39 - - 18 - - 21 - - - Emergency medical technicians 134 844 33 44 - - 90 936 148 - Nurse practitioners Acupuncturists Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Diagnostic medical sonographers Radiologic technologists and technicians Paramedics 65 1,163 53 23 - - 43 - - - Pharmacy technicians 257 723 19 199 700 19 58 814 59 86.0 Psychiatric technicians 53 658 72 48 - - 5 - - - Surgical technologists 74 875 36 49 - - 25 - - - Veterinary technologists and technicians 73 655 43 65 633 39 8 - - - 44 - - 34 - - 10 - - - Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 500 875 26 445 864 24 55 964 34 89.6 Medical records specialists 166 888 30 162 893 29 4 - - - 32 - - 27 - - 4 - - - 143 888 28 93 825 37 51 1,120 112 73.7 73 1,254 42 43 - - 30 - - - 13,771 621 3 7,032 574 4 6,740 704 5 81.5 Dietetic technicians and ophthalmic medical technicians Opticians, dispensing Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations Service occupations Healthcare support occupations 3,210 606 4 2,678 600 4 532 640 15 93.8 Home health aides 310 549 14 283 551 14 27 - - - Personal care aides 788 543 12 612 537 12 176 567 26 94.7 Nursing assistants 966 595 8 851 588 7 115 689 28 85.3 57 663 72 30 - - 27 - - - 26 - - 21 - - 5 - - - Physical therapist assistants and aides 58 964 30 37 - - 21 - - - Massage therapists 38 - - 25 - - 14 - - - Orderlies and psychiatric aides Occupational therapy assistants and aides Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Dental assistants 204 661 18 193 663 19 11 - - - Medical assistants 450 675 14 407 665 17 44 - - - Medical transcriptionists 29 - - 24 - - 4 - - - Pharmacy aides 32 - - 21 - - 11 - - - Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 42 - - 31 - - 12 - - - Phlebotomists Other healthcare support workers Protective service occupations 86 614 19 70 612 19 15 - - - 124 682 28 73 615 18 51 738 24 83.3 2,690 982 12 610 768 21 2,080 1,043 23 73.6 First-line supervisors of correctional officers 51 976 98 16 - - 34 - - - First-line supervisors of police and detectives 92 1,551 63 11 - - 80 1,553 59 - First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers 34 - - 4 - - 30 - - - First-line supervisors of security workers 67 946 116 24 - - 44 - - - 8 - - 0 - - 8 - - - 320 1,233 38 16 - - 304 1,256 33 - First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other Firefighters Fire inspectors 21 - - 1 - - 20 - - Bailiffs 11 - - 5 - - 5 - - - Correctional officers and jailers 337 907 27 112 743 25 225 1,073 73 69.2 Detectives and criminal investigators 146 1,437 57 39 - - 107 1,544 53 - Fish and game wardens 5 - - 1 - - 4 - - - Parking enforcement workers 7 - - 2 - - 5 - - - 742 1,155 21 131 1,074 46 611 1,188 54 90.4 Animal control workers 9 - - 3 - - 7 - - - Private detectives and investigators 72 979 40 35 - - 38 - - - 673 650 13 170 583 13 503 680 12 85.7 Police officers Security guards and gaming surveillance officers Crossing guards and flaggers 17 - - 7 - - 10 - - - Transportation security screeners 40 - - 16 - - 24 - - - School bus monitors 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - - 37 - - 15 - - 22 - - - 3,353 530 6 1,653 506 5 1,700 570 9 88.8 Chefs and head cooks 321 696 26 57 613 18 263 707 27 86.7 First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers 335 602 17 198 583 19 137 636 28 91.7 Other protective service workers Food preparation and serving related occupations Cooks 1,026 510 6 416 505 11 610 512 6 98.6 Food preparation workers 355 510 9 224 489 10 132 576 26 84.9 Bartenders 169 648 55 70 585 26 99 708 31 82.6 Fast food and counter workers 231 468 19 146 470 19 84 462 48 101.7 Waiters and waitresses 600 514 10 388 497 14 212 563 50 88.3 Food servers, nonrestaurant 85 531 39 60 513 23 25 - - - Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers 99 508 15 48 - - 50 545 55 - Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Dishwashers 83 528 38 9 - - 74 567 45 - Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 46 - - 36 - - 10 - - - 4 - - 1 - - 3 - - - 3,138 603 4 1,087 511 5 2,051 651 8 78.5 171 738 26 64 596 37 107 902 71 66.1 First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers 108 786 28 6 - - 102 785 31 - Janitors and building cleaners 1,372 614 7 447 522 9 925 662 11 78.9 629 503 6 531 497 6 98 556 20 89.4 90 749 35 3 - - 87 747 35 - 665 605 8 30 - - 635 603 8 - Tree trimmers and pruners 82 666 34 5 - - 77 684 42 - Other grounds maintenance workers 21 - - 1 - - 20 - - - 1,380 616 8 1,004 591 8 376 740 24 79.9 Supervisors of personal care and service workers 96 761 40 60 719 95 35 - - - Animal trainers 34 - - 22 - - 12 - - - Food preparation and serving related workers, all other Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers Maids and housekeeping cleaners Pest control workers Landscaping and groundskeeping workers Personal care and service occupations Animal caretakers 108 626 21 86 591 28 22 - - - 53 765 76 26 - - 27 - - - 3 - - 1 - - 1 - - - 47 - - 15 - - 31 - - - 8 - - 2 - - 7 - - - Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers 10 - - 2 - - 8 - - - Barbers 49 - - 11 - - 39 - - - Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 205 606 19 180 601 22 24 - - - Manicurists and pedicurists 110 607 27 84 578 28 26 - - - 23 - - 20 - - 3 - - - 5 - - 5 - - 0 - - - 44 - - 16 - - 28 - - - Gambling services workers Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers Other entertainment attendants and related workers Embalmers, crematory operators and funeral attendants Skincare specialists Other personal appearance workers Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges Tour and travel guides 16 - - 3 - - 13 - - - 383 537 26 358 542 24 25 - - - 53 618 64 33 - - 20 - - - Recreation workers 80 715 39 51 658 78 29 - - - Residential advisors 17 - - 7 - - 10 - - - Personal care and service workers, all other 37 - - 22 - - 14 - - - Childcare workers Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Sales and office occupations Sales and related occupations First-line supervisors of retail sales workers First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers Cashiers Counter and rental clerks Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings 21,165 809 4 12,729 746 4 8,435 956 8 78.0 8,958 880 10 3,967 715 8 4,991 1,046 17 68.4 2,141 858 16 960 733 14 1,181 981 22 74.7 783 1,226 40 273 1,076 71 510 1,338 56 80.4 1,088 507 7 805 501 7 284 524 17 95.6 48 - - 21 - - 27 - - - Parts salespersons 97 741 46 20 - - 77 756 53 - Retail salespersons 1,603 705 13 611 603 12 992 779 21 77.4 Advertising sales agents 120 1,066 89 69 1,055 72 50 1,199 171 88.0 Insurance sales agents 469 931 31 242 825 37 226 1,169 145 70.6 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 200 1,545 135 41 - - 158 1,880 87 - 30 - - 23 - - 7 - - - 497 1,351 59 163 1,101 78 333 1,482 44 74.3 1,073 1,275 64 315 1,065 60 758 1,378 49 77.3 6 - - 3 - - 3 - - - 498 1,084 79 283 937 42 215 1,352 40 69.3 Sales engineers 37 - - 5 - - 32 - - - Telemarketers 28 - - 15 - - 13 - - - Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related 34 - - 12 - - 23 - - - 206 950 30 106 838 38 100 1,039 262 80.7 Office and administrative support occupations 12,207 781 4 8,762 756 4 3,445 868 10 87.1 First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers 1,129 966 12 734 925 14 395 1,145 27 80.8 8 - - 7 - - 1 - - - 19 - - 14 - - 6 - - - 8 - - 3 - - 6 - - - Travel agents Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, travel, and financial services Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing Models, demonstrators, and product promoters Real estate brokers and sales agents workers Sales and related workers, all other Switchboard operators, including answering service Telephone operators Communications equipment operators, all other Bill and account collectors 96 758 19 69 744 29 27 - - - Billing and posting clerks 379 749 15 339 736 15 40 - - - Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 741 824 16 636 809 13 105 1,101 44 73.5 11 - - 6 - - 5 - - - 129 945 93 111 921 59 18 - - - 27 - - 16 - - 11 - - - Gambling cage workers Payroll and timekeeping clerks Procurement clerks Tellers 225 639 23 183 634 25 42 - - - 90 1,039 53 58 903 32 31 - - - Brokerage clerks 4 - - 3 - - 2 - - - Correspondence clerks 3 - - 3 - - 0 - - - Financial clerks, all other Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Court, municipal, and license clerks 73 777 75 65 764 44 8 - - - Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 41 - - 28 - - 13 - - - Customer service representatives 1,814 721 8 1,160 698 9 655 771 17 90.5 71 898 42 54 824 127 17 - - - 138 751 30 106 744 32 32 - - - 60 534 69 50 520 26 10 - - - 155 711 25 123 710 27 33 - - - Eligibility interviewers, government programs File Clerks Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks Interviewers, except eligibility and loan Library assistants, clerical Loan interviewers and clerks 25 - - 19 - - 6 - - - 135 911 69 103 874 59 32 - - - New accounts clerks 22 - - 14 - - 8 - - - Order clerks 75 704 40 39 - - 36 - - - Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 44 - - 38 - - 6 - - - Receptionists and information clerks 846 642 9 738 636 9 108 688 24 92.4 Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks 81 879 80 44 - - 37 - - - Information and record clerks, all other 81 915 55 57 830 67 24 - - - Cargo and freight agents 16 - - 7 - - 9 - - - Couriers and messengers 340 779 26 55 701 19 284 814 26 86.1 Public safety telecommunicators 102 858 63 60 799 53 42 - - - Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 178 768 37 95 717 29 84 908 123 79.0 - Meter readers, utilities 18 - - 1 - - 17 - - Postal service clerks 80 1,010 39 45 - - 35 - - - Postal service mail carriers 290 1,017 38 104 962 25 185 1,089 73 88.3 Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators 60 977 56 26 - - 34 - - - Production, planning, and expediting clerks 243 1,072 64 125 908 35 118 1,227 68 74.0 Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks 505 696 13 165 667 16 340 713 16 93.5 53 729 102 23 - - 30 - - - Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants 170 991 44 158 991 41 12 - - - Legal secretaries and administrative assistants 54 914 41 42 - - 12 - - - Medical secretaries and administrative assistants 63 804 33 59 800 31 4 - - - 1,607 781 10 1,496 777 9 112 929 106 83.6 180 710 16 128 700 13 51 803 31 87.2 32 - - 26 - - 6 - - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - - Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive Data entry keyers Word processors and typists Desktop publishers Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Insurance claims and policy processing clerks Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service Office clerks, general Office machine operators, except computer Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings 221 760 19 184 759 16 37 - - - 35 - - 17 - - 19 - - - 912 736 10 759 726 11 153 790 41 91.9 12 - - 9 - - 4 - - - 4 - - 2 - - 2 - - - 66 1,272 368 27 - - 39 - - - 437 867 19 330 875 23 107 836 43 104.7 10,690 905 6 538 682 17 10,152 917 6 74.4 787 589 9 187 528 17 600 608 11 86.8 First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers 43 - - 5 - - 39 - - - Agricultural inspectors 14 - - 8 - - 6 - - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - - 41 - - 30 - - 11 - - - 628 574 9 137 519 11 491 589 11 88.1 Proofreaders and copy markers Statistical assistants Office and administrative support workers, all other Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations Animal breeders Graders and sorters, agricultural products Miscellaneous agricultural workers Fishing and hunting workers 14 - - 0 - - 14 - - - Forest and conservation workers 17 - - 7 - - 10 - - - Logging workers 29 - - 0 - - 29 - - - 5,826 906 7 191 796 26 5,635 910 8 87.5 596 1,200 22 17 - - 579 1,199 23 - Boilermakers 14 - - 0 - - 14 - - - Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons 87 749 38 0 - - 87 749 38 - Carpenters 756 892 18 17 - - 739 889 18 - Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers 117 770 38 4 - - 113 785 45 - Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers 54 782 27 2 - - 52 787 26 - Construction and extraction occupations First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers Construction laborers 1,343 783 12 39 - - 1,304 788 13 - Construction equipment operators 328 979 31 10 - - 317 980 30 - Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers 131 784 14 8 - - 123 787 16 - Electricians 735 1,024 32 22 - - 713 1,035 37 - 43 - - 2 - - 41 - - - Glaziers Insulation workers Painters and paperhangers Pipelayers Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters Plasterers and stucco masons 49 - - 2 - - 47 - - - 316 691 14 26 - - 290 695 14 - 41 - - 1 - - 39 - - - 444 1,002 17 8 - - 436 1,004 18 - 24 - - 0 - - 24 - - - Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Reinforcing iron and rebar workers Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - - Roofers 146 732 34 1 - - 145 729 32 - Sheet metal workers 103 905 64 4 - - 99 905 63 - Structural iron and steel workers 38 - - 1 - - 36 - - - Solar photovoltaic installers 18 - - 0 - - 18 - - - Helpers, construction trades 48 - - 2 - - 46 - - - 73 1,119 32 11 - - 62 1,113 29 - Elevator installers and repairers 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - - Fence erectors 27 - - 0 - - 27 - - - Hazardous materials removal workers 26 - - 4 - - 22 - - - Highway maintenance workers Construction and building inspectors 89 846 37 6 - - 83 868 38 - Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators 5 - - 0 - - 5 - - - Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - - Miscellaneous construction and related workers 22 - - 0 - - 22 - - - Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas 16 - - 0 - - 16 - - - 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - - Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining 19 - - 1 - - 18 - - - Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - - Underground mining machine operators 35 - - 2 - - 33 - - - Roustabouts, oil and gas 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - - Other extraction workers 40 - - 0 - - 40 - - - 4,077 984 7 160 801 18 3,917 991 7 80.8 First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers 212 1,269 63 21 - - 191 1,283 50 - Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 142 960 36 15 - - 127 965 40 - Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers 125 1,192 115 8 - - 116 1,242 75 - 8 - - 0 - - 8 - - - 15 - - 0 - - 14 - - - Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - - Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility 9 - - 0 - - 9 - - - Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - - Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers 23 - - 1 - - 22 - - - Earth drillers, except oil and gas Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations Avionics technicians Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Security and fire alarm systems installers 50 1,028 74 0 - - 50 1,028 74 - Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 151 1,164 33 5 - - 146 1,174 49 - 102 904 274 2 - - 100 975 224 - Automotive glass installers and repairers 12 - - 3 - - 10 - - - Automotive service technicians and mechanics 585 855 31 4 - - 581 857 31 - Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 312 1,023 29 6 - - 306 1,023 31 - Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics 179 999 23 1 - - 178 998 23 - Small engine mechanics 36 - - 0 - - 36 - - - Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers 72 665 36 1 - - 71 668 35 - Control and valve installers and repairers 25 - - 1 - - 24 - - - 382 1,003 29 6 - - 377 1,011 29 - 24 - - 1 - - 22 - - - Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics 401 1,031 25 23 - - 377 1,049 24 - Maintenance and repair workers, general 550 895 17 24 - - 526 897 17 - Maintenance workers, machinery 22 - - 0 - - 22 - - - Millwrights Automotive body and related repairers Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers Home appliance repairers 62 1,178 42 1 - - 61 1,185 38 - Electrical power-line installers and repairers 139 1,268 156 2 - - 136 1,306 167 - Telecommunications line installers and repairers 155 1,031 131 9 - - 146 1,076 140 - Precision instrument and equipment repairers 62 1,085 58 11 - - 52 1,098 53 - Wind turbine service technicians 5 - - 1 - - 4 - - - Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers 27 - - 6 - - 22 - - - 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - - Commercial divers 19 - - 0 - - 19 - - - Manufactured building and mobile home installers 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - - Riggers Locksmiths and safe repairers 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - - Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 16 - - 2 - - 14 - - - Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers 139 780 49 8 - - 131 810 69 - 14,738 746 4 3,243 614 4 11,494 796 4 77.1 6,820 775 5 1,765 630 8 5,055 841 7 74.9 713 1,038 36 122 816 70 591 1,099 26 74.2 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations Production occupations First-line supervisors of production and operating workers Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings 3 - - 1 - - 2 - - - 90 640 103 37 - - 53 742 29 - 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - - 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - - Other assemblers and fabricators 828 705 10 263 638 21 565 740 15 86.2 Bakers 131 596 16 78 584 17 53 621 212 94.0 221 733 14 57 642 32 163 754 15 85.1 8 - - 1 - - 7 - - - 70 649 31 38 - - 32 - - - 7 - - 5 - - 2 - - - 118 669 30 44 - - 74 743 36 - 96 964 38 6 - - 89 974 38 - 24 - - 1 - - 23 - - - 69 821 39 11 - - 58 843 24 - 35 - - 6 - - 29 - - - 8 - - 2 - - 6 - - - Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers Engine and other machine assemblers Structural metal fabricators and fitters Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders Food batchmakers Food cooking machine operators and tenders Food processing workers, all other Computer numerically controlled tool programmers and operators Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic Other machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 297 923 20 25 - - 272 940 23 - Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters 19 - - 0 - - 19 - - - Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic 9 - - 2 - - 7 - - - 37 - - 5 - - 31 - - - 37 - - 1 - - 36 - - - Welding, soldering, and brazing workers 486 839 17 16 - - 471 848 17 - Other metal workers and plastic workers 338 770 24 61 622 41 277 816 33 76.2 12 - - 3 - - 10 - - - Machinists Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic Tool and die makers Prepress technicians and workers 120 748 30 25 - - 95 757 29 - Print binding and finishing workers 16 - - 7 - - 9 - - - Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 94 538 41 60 522 34 34 - - - Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 23 - - 15 - - 7 - - - Printing press operators Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Sewing machine operators Shoe and leather workers Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers 97 579 17 Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings 59 584 16 37 - - - 6 - - 3 - - 2 - - - 31 - - 26 - - 5 - - - 15 - - 10 - - 5 - - - Upholsterers 20 - - 2 - - 18 - - - Other textile, apparel, and furnishings workers 12 - - 2 - - 9 - - - Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 31 - - 1 - - 29 - - - 9 - - 6 - - 3 - - - 20 - - 3 - - 16 - - - 9 - - 1 - - 9 - - - Other woodworkers 12 - - 0 - - 12 - - - Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers 38 - - 1 - - 37 - - - 45 - - 5 - - 40 - - - 116 955 80 12 - - 104 990 71 - Miscellaneous plant and system operators 42 - - 4 - - 38 - - - Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders 50 1,083 36 3 - - 47 - - - Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers 79 766 25 17 - - 61 788 59 - Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders Furniture finishers Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing Stationary engineers and boiler operators Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators Cutting workers 54 692 50 14 - - 40 - - - Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders 22 - - 7 - - 15 - - - Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders 10 - - 0 - - 10 - - - 684 814 19 266 710 12 418 910 25 78.0 Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 22 - - 10 - - 12 - - - Dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians 59 694 67 36 - - 23 - - - Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 224 620 26 98 544 32 126 667 27 81.6 Painting workers 139 849 44 15 - - 124 879 37 - 3 - - 2 - - 1 - - - 8 - - 2 - - 6 - - - Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers Photographic process workers and processing machine operators Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - - Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 19 - - 2 - - 17 - - - Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 22 - - 4 - - 18 - - - Etchers and engravers Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Occupation Tire builders Number of workers Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - - Helpers--production workers 31 - - 9 - - 23 - - - Other production equipment operators and tenders 5 - - 0 - - 5 - - - 957 739 15 251 637 13 706 798 19 79.8 Transportation and material moving occupations 7,917 719 5 1,478 600 5 6,439 759 6 79.1 Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers 222 919 18 47 - - 175 943 67 - Aircraft pilots and flight engineers 112 1,923 219 3 - - 109 1,984 222 - Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists 32 - - 3 - - 29 - - - Flight attendants 54 895 81 41 - - 13 - - - 8 - - 1 - - 7 - - - Bus drivers, school 105 647 27 53 622 24 52 708 129 87.9 Bus drivers, transit and intercity 146 783 36 57 791 41 89 774 54 102.2 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers 2,592 896 13 183 666 27 2,409 916 14 72.7 Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs 57 606 23 10 - - 47 - - - Other production workers Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians 157 734 52 25 - - 132 743 62 - Motor vehicle operators, all other Taxi drivers 84 616 17 15 - - 70 642 60 - Locomotive engineers and operators 50 1,489 32 5 - - 45 - - - Railroad conductors and yardmasters 34 - - 0 - - 34 - - - Other rail transportation workers 11 - - 2 - - 8 - - - Sailors and marine oilers 16 - - 0 - - 16 - - - Ship and boat captains and operators 30 - - 2 - - 28 - - - 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - - Parking attendants Ship engineers 44 - - 7 - - 36 - - - Transportation service attendants 81 611 45 11 - - 70 614 61 - Transportation inspectors 26 - - 6 - - 21 - - - Passenger attendants 14 - - 11 - - 4 - - - Other transportation workers 24 - - 7 - - 16 - - - Crane and tower operators 48 - - 2 - - 46 - - - Conveyor, dredge, and hoist and winch operators 23 - - 1 - - 22 - - - 507 711 14 41 - - 467 708 15 - 214 580 11 35 - - 179 581 12 - 1,587 650 8 319 595 9 1,268 672 9 88.5 Industrial truck and tractor operators Cleaners of vehicles and equipment Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand Machine feeders and offbearers Packers and packagers, hand Stockers and order fillers Pumping station operators 11 - - 6 - - 4 - - - 436 582 7 231 544 15 205 604 8 90.1 1,058 593 6 345 576 11 714 602 8 95.7 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - - Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Number of workers Occupation Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Refuse and recyclable material collectors 70 680 41 6 - - 64 698 38 - Other material moving workers 46 - - 5 - - 41 - - - Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [–] Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2020 annual averages Total State United States Alabama Alaska Arizona Number of workers (in thousands) 110,387 Women Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers (in thousands) Men Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers (in thousands) $984 $2 49,476 $891 $3 60,911 1,628 887 15 745 791 21 238 1,021 21 106 913 27 Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Women's earnings as a percentage of men's $1,082 $5 82.3 884 978 29 80.9 132 1,128 27 80.9 2,384 932 16 1,073 856 28 1,312 991 15 86.4 Arkansas 995 849 16 443 771 17 552 917 21 84.1 California 12,544 1,063 11 5,401 993 12 7,143 1,133 14 87.6 Colorado 2,008 1,103 24 834 966 24 1,174 1,237 17 78.1 Connecticut 1,221 1,190 25 536 1,166 37 684 1,202 25 97.0 358 947 21 168 838 29 190 1,076 65 77.9 Delaware District of Columbia 311 1,628 27 156 1,506 51 155 1,759 38 85.6 Florida 7,025 904 10 3,249 831 10 3,776 988 12 84.1 Georgia 3,584 891 16 1,716 788 18 1,868 1,011 33 77.9 419 980 25 196 896 24 223 1,128 47 79.4 Hawaii Idaho 588 862 16 239 731 13 349 966 22 75.7 Illinois 4,293 1,030 17 1,951 931 15 2,342 1,162 18 80.1 Indiana 2,378 903 16 1,050 801 21 1,328 1,040 28 77.0 Iowa 1,159 933 19 521 854 16 638 1,020 28 83.7 Kansas 1,044 889 14 457 810 21 586 962 23 84.2 Kentucky 1,439 850 17 656 737 16 783 960 23 76.8 Louisiana 1,457 896 20 693 760 26 764 1,024 35 74.2 Maine 451 918 21 206 794 22 245 1,036 38 76.6 Maryland 2,279 1,149 19 1,104 1,074 51 1,175 1,248 39 86.1 Massachusetts 2,429 1,239 21 1,114 1,115 26 1,314 1,356 16 82.2 Michigan 3,277 995 11 1,500 897 17 1,777 1,113 19 80.6 Minnesota 2,040 1,062 20 914 984 16 1,126 1,147 17 85.8 894 764 15 432 675 23 461 878 27 76.9 Missouri 2,094 904 19 979 807 17 1,115 1,026 30 78.7 Montana 325 876 19 142 771 19 183 955 26 80.7 Mississippi Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico 742 931 15 337 843 18 405 1,014 29 83.1 1,035 886 14 449 791 13 586 991 19 79.8 525 1,051 27 234 954 19 291 1,156 24 82.5 3,178 1,163 11 1,421 1,041 31 1,756 1,267 24 82.2 618 858 20 275 801 24 343 915 33 87.5 New York 6,312 1,101 14 2,934 1,000 11 3,378 1,183 18 84.5 North Carolina 3,524 936 14 1,609 837 20 1,916 1,032 22 81.1 Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Data shown are based on workers' state of residence; workers' reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total State Number of workers (in thousands) North Dakota Women Standard error of median Median weekly earnings 281 963 Number of workers (in thousands) Men Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Median weekly earnings Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Standard error of median 16 127 851 20 155 1,065 22 79.9 Ohio 3,852 967 12 1,708 862 15 2,144 1,052 22 81.9 Oklahoma 1,265 844 20 538 753 14 728 942 18 79.9 Oregon 1,352 1,026 21 564 936 24 787 1,121 39 83.5 Pennsylvania 4,295 1,002 11 1,922 884 20 2,373 1,111 19 79.6 Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota 375 1,020 25 163 951 28 212 1,112 35 85.5 1,747 883 18 817 767 22 930 988 23 77.6 315 877 13 145 797 18 170 936 20 85.1 Tennessee 2,284 861 20 1,035 760 18 1,249 929 25 81.8 Texas 9,882 939 10 4,274 875 13 5,608 1,006 11 87.0 Utah 1,074 941 13 418 782 20 656 1,076 26 72.7 Vermont 217 960 18 108 886 20 109 1,059 56 83.7 Virginia 3,181 1,130 22 1,453 1,002 30 1,728 1,260 28 79.5 Washington 2,680 1,109 19 1,139 982 34 1,540 1,224 33 80.2 570 829 16 258 739 14 313 907 16 81.5 West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 2,025 966 18 880 885 18 1,145 1,023 21 86.5 195 940 17 84 795 26 111 1,057 23 75.2 Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Data shown are based on workers' state of residence; workers' reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic characteristics, 2020 annual averages [–] Total Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Women Median weekly earnings Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Men Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Standard error of median Age Total, 16 years and older 21,616 $307 $2 13,911 $309 $2 7,705 $305 $2 101.3 7,354 239 2 4,095 231 3 3,259 248 3 93.1 16 to 19 years 3,252 197 2 1,786 191 3 1,466 204 4 93.6 20 to 24 years 4,102 276 3 2,309 266 4 1,793 289 4 92.0 25 years and older 14,262 364 3 9,816 359 3 4,446 376 5 95.5 25 to 34 years 3,743 359 5 2,406 358 6 1,337 363 9 98.6 35 to 44 years 2,800 385 5 2,092 380 6 708 399 10 95.2 45 to 54 years 2,515 399 5 1,905 394 6 610 415 12 94.9 55 to 64 years 2,795 369 6 2,018 361 7 777 395 14 91.4 65 years and older 2,409 300 5 1,395 278 7 1,014 327 11 85.0 16,871 309 2 10,952 312 2 5,919 305 3 102.3 16 to 24 years Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White Black or African American 2,654 286 4 1,673 281 6 981 294 6 95.6 Asian 1,214 328 8 752 332 12 462 322 9 103.1 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 3,971 309 3 2,420 304 4 1,552 316 5 96.2 Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for 2020, includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to 2020, included only people in opposite-sex marriages. (2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Women Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Men Median weekly earnings Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Marital Status Never married 10,801 267 2 5,968 263 3 4,833 272 3 96.7 Married, spouse present(1) 8,103 385 4 5,930 378 4 2,173 408 8 92.6 Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 2,712 328 6 2,013 321 5 699 350 11 91.7 Widowed 548 281 12 448 281 16 100 282 19 99.6 Divorced 1,571 341 8 1,149 333 10 422 360 15 92.5 593 336 10 415 323 11 177 367 18 88.0 Separated(2) Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for 2020, includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to 2020, included only people in opposite-sex marriages. (2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [–] Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked, 2020 annual averages Total Hours of work Total, 16 years and older 0 to 34 hours Number of workers (in thousands) Women Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Men Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Median weekly earnings Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Standard error of median 132,174 $863 $3 63,462 $750 $2 68,711 $983 $3 76.3 19,918 311 2 12,916 313 2 7,002 307 3 102.0 0 to 4 hours 421 87 9 290 72 4 130 160 54 45.0 5 to 9 hours 986 106 2 669 108 3 317 101 4 106.9 10 to 14 hours 1,800 146 2 1,166 149 3 634 140 4 106.4 15 to 19 hours 2,394 209 2 1,589 212 3 805 203 4 104.4 20 to 24 hours 5,789 287 2 3,679 293 3 2,110 278 3 105.4 25 to 29 hours 2,872 359 4 1,872 356 4 1,001 364 7 97.8 102.2 30 to 34 hours 35 hours and over 5,655 451 4 3,650 455 5 2,005 445 7 106,080 989 2 47,700 896 3 58,380 1,088 5 82.4 7,378 629 7 4,892 649 9 2,486 600 9 108.2 35 to 39 hours 40 hours 78,789 926 3 36,343 864 3 42,447 989 4 87.4 41 hours and over 19,913 1,447 7 6,466 1,334 15 13,448 1,501 10 88.9 41 to 44 hours 1,033 1,075 27 398 963 41 636 1,145 27 84.1 45 to 48 hours 5,622 1,300 17 1,986 1,202 27 3,636 1,351 13 89.0 49 to 59 hours 9,105 1,546 10 2,888 1,443 16 6,217 1,592 19 90.6 60 hours and over 4,152 1,607 26 1,193 1,478 31 2,959 1,661 41 89.0 Hours vary 6,176 622 10 2,846 487 9 3,329 748 13 65.1 Usually less than 35 hours 1,698 264 6 995 251 7 703 282 8 89.0 Usually 35 or more hours 4,307 827 15 1,776 709 14 2,531 923 20 76.8 Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time and part-time workers. Estimates for the "hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2020 annual averages [In thousands] [–] Number of workers by usual weekly earnings Characteristic Total employed Under $350.00 $350.00 to $499.99 $500.00 to $599.99 $600.00 to $749.99 $750.00 to $999.99 $1,000.00 to $1,199.99 $1,200.00 to $1,999.99 $2,000.00 or more Number of workers by usual weekly earnings Characteristic Total employed Under $350.00 $350.00 to $499.99 $500.00 to $599.99 $600.00 to $749.99 $750.00 to $999.99 $1,000.00 to $1,199.99 $1,200.00 to $1,999.99 $2,000.00 or more Age Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 110,387 3,191 8,995 8,399 15,271 19,288 12,669 26,128 16,446 9,364 725 2,132 1,481 2,052 1,453 644 697 180 1,336 234 453 245 228 101 41 31 4 8,027 490 1,680 1,236 1,824 1,352 603 666 176 25 years and older 101,024 2,466 6,863 6,918 13,219 17,835 12,026 25,431 16,266 25 to 34 years 27,661 680 2,195 2,379 4,534 5,729 3,456 6,043 2,646 35 to 44 years 25,641 578 1,540 1,543 3,079 4,324 3,069 6,839 4,668 45 to 54 years 23,814 525 1,440 1,401 2,789 3,883 2,716 6,486 4,575 55 to 64 years 19,017 452 1,202 1,231 2,235 3,162 2,248 4,988 3,499 65 years and older 4,890 230 487 363 582 737 536 1,075 878 Women, 16 years and older 49,476 1,829 4,936 4,556 7,455 9,209 5,886 10,378 5,228 4,172 400 1,012 691 874 593 272 275 54 536 116 204 90 71 26 16 13 0 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 3,636 284 808 601 804 567 255 262 54 25 years and older 45,304 1,428 3,924 3,865 6,581 8,615 5,614 10,103 5,174 25 to 34 years 12,375 400 1,144 1,221 2,107 2,655 1,641 2,333 872 35 to 44 years 11,293 312 879 870 1,540 2,089 1,403 2,684 1,517 45 to 54 years 10,853 312 897 852 1,477 1,951 1,257 2,658 1,447 55 to 64 years 8,683 270 740 748 1,175 1,589 1,074 2,002 1,085 65 years and older 2,100 134 263 173 281 331 240 426 252 60,911 1,362 4,059 3,843 7,816 10,079 6,783 15,750 11,218 5,191 324 1,120 790 1,177 860 372 422 126 Men, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 800 118 248 155 157 75 25 18 4 20 to 24 years 4,391 206 871 635 1,021 785 347 404 122 25 years and older 55,720 1,038 2,939 3,053 6,638 9,220 6,411 15,328 11,093 25 to 34 years 15,287 280 1,051 1,157 2,426 3,074 1,815 3,709 1,774 35 to 44 years 14,348 266 661 673 1,539 2,235 1,667 4,155 3,151 45 to 54 years 12,961 213 543 549 1,312 1,931 1,459 3,828 3,127 55 to 64 years 10,334 182 462 483 1,059 1,573 1,174 2,986 2,414 2,790 96 224 190 301 406 296 650 626 85,142 2,304 6,408 6,277 11,367 15,043 10,032 20,795 12,917 Women 37,091 1,303 3,511 3,338 5,506 7,020 4,584 7,945 3,886 Men 48,051 1,001 2,897 2,939 5,861 8,023 5,448 12,850 9,031 65 years and older Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White 14,044 591 1,807 1,325 2,550 2,587 1,502 2,513 1,169 Women 7,335 361 1,006 759 1,331 1,355 765 1,216 542 Men 6,709 230 801 565 1,219 1,231 737 1,298 627 Asian 7,353 164 396 404 708 998 695 2,034 1,954 Women 3,269 83 218 233 333 525 324 903 650 Men 4,084 81 178 171 375 473 371 1,131 1,304 19,558 802 2,494 2,312 3,790 3,544 1,896 3,274 1,447 7,863 442 1,193 1,088 1,529 1,347 734 1,091 438 11,695 360 1,300 1,224 2,261 2,197 1,162 2,183 1,009 Black or African American Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Women Men Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2020 annual averages [–] Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Women Total, all marital statuses With children under 18 years old With children 6 to 17, none younger 49,476 $891 $3 16,841 909 6 10,287 918 7 With children under 6 years old 6,554 894 9 With no children under 18 years old 32,635 882 4 24,915 981 4 11,376 1,007 7 Total, married, spouse present(1) With children under 18 years old With children 6 to 17, none younger 6,711 1,005 9 With children under 6 years old 4,664 1,010 10 With no children under 18 years old 13,540 960 6 24,561 795 4 5,466 727 6 3,576 766 7 Total, other marital statuses(2) With children under 18 years old With children 6 to 17, none younger With children under 6 years old 1,890 654 12 With no children under 18 years old 19,095 819 5 60,911 1,082 5 20,847 1,229 7 11,350 1,285 13 Men Total, all marital statuses With children under 18 years old With children 6 to 17, none younger With children under 6 years old 9,496 1,161 9 With no children under 18 years old 40,064 1,005 4 35,132 1,250 5 Total, married, spouse present(1) With children under 18 years old 18,247 1,283 11 9,953 1,343 11 With children under 6 years old 8,294 1,236 10 With no children under 18 years old 16,885 1,216 8 25,778 877 5 2,599 896 13 With children 6 to 17, none younger 1,397 1,002 15 With children under 6 years old 1,202 789 14 With no children under 18 years old 23,179 874 5 With children 6 to 17, none younger Total, other marital statuses(2) With children under 18 years old Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for 2020, includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to 2020, included only people in opposite-sex marriages. (2) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent. Note: Children refer to "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [–] Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2020 annual averages Total Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Median hourly earnings Women Standard error of median Number of workers (in thousands) Median hourly earnings Men Standard error of median Number of workers (in thousands) Median hourly earnings Standard error of median Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Age Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 73,305 $16.36 $0.05 36,513 $15.22 $0.03 36,792 $17.75 $0.06 85.7 14,051 12.69 0.07 6,992 12.12 0.03 7,059 13.08 0.04 92.7 4,352 11.07 0.06 2,226 10.81 0.09 2,125 11.60 0.25 93.2 Total Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Women Median hourly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers (in thousands) Median hourly earnings Men Standard error of median Number of workers (in thousands) Median hourly earnings Standard error of median Women's earnings as a percentage of men's 20 to 24 years 9,699 13.50 0.09 4,766 12.98 0.05 4,933 14.08 0.06 92.2 25 years and older 59,254 17.86 0.03 29,521 16.50 0.08 29,734 19.18 0.10 86.0 25 to 34 years 17,872 16.85 0.05 8,460 15.93 0.06 9,412 17.56 0.13 90.7 35 to 44 years 13,691 18.52 0.13 6,687 16.95 0.08 7,004 20.10 0.06 84.3 45 to 54 years 12,672 18.90 0.11 6,454 17.07 0.11 6,218 21.05 0.14 81.1 55 to 64 years 11,179 18.60 0.17 5,926 17.04 0.08 5,253 20.15 0.07 84.6 3,840 15.84 0.14 1,993 15.03 0.08 1,847 16.75 0.26 89.7 White 55,889 16.78 0.05 27,257 15.31 0.06 28,632 17.98 0.04 85.2 Black or African American 10,738 15.17 0.03 5,846 14.95 0.04 4,892 15.88 0.07 94.1 3,533 17.25 0.26 1,857 16.56 0.38 1,676 18.04 0.15 91.8 16,220 15.20 0.03 7,257 14.68 0.09 8,963 16.24 0.12 90.4 Never married 30,236 14.81 0.02 14,315 13.99 0.04 15,921 15.07 0.02 92.8 Married, spouse present(1) 31,844 18.88 0.07 15,382 17.11 0.06 16,462 20.20 0.08 84.7 Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 11,225 16.94 0.07 6,816 15.80 0.11 4,409 18.98 0.16 83.2 Widowed 1,360 15.39 0.26 1,032 15.08 0.11 329 17.28 0.88 87.3 Divorced 7,263 17.81 0.11 4,323 16.52 0.19 2,940 19.97 0.09 82.7 Separated(2) 2,602 15.42 0.24 1,461 14.85 0.07 1,141 17.17 0.26 86.5 8,112 22.20 0.21 3,222 19.83 0.14 4,890 24.78 0.30 80.0 65 years and older Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Marital Status Union Affiliation(3) Members of unions(4) Represented by unions(5) 8,916 22.01 0.10 3,597 19.59 0.25 5,318 24.17 0.33 81.1 64,389 15.89 0.03 32,916 15.09 0.02 31,474 16.91 0.04 89.2 59,254 17.86 0.03 29,521 16.50 0.08 29,734 19.18 0.10 86.0 5,345 14.75 0.09 2,111 12.87 0.07 3,235 15.59 0.23 82.6 High school graduates, no college 19,996 16.80 0.06 8,612 15.00 0.03 11,384 18.31 0.11 81.9 Some college or associate degree 19,061 18.00 0.05 10,011 16.60 0.12 9,050 19.98 0.05 83.1 Bachelor's degree and higher 14,852 22.18 0.17 8,788 21.83 0.22 6,065 23.04 0.18 94.7 Not represented by a union Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for 2020, includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to 2020, included only people in opposite-sex marriages. (2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. (3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region. (4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2020 annual averages [In thousands] [–] Number of workers by hourly earnings Characteristic Age Total employed Under $6.00 $6.00 to $7.99 $8.00 to $9.99 $10.00 to $11.99 $12.00 to $14.99 $15.00 to $19.99 $20.00 or more Number of workers by hourly earnings Characteristic Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total employed $6.00 to $7.99 Under $6.00 $10.00 to $11.99 $8.00 to $9.99 $12.00 to $14.99 $15.00 to $19.99 $20.00 or more 73,305 673 748 3,570 7,381 14,562 20,359 26,013 14,051 280 410 1,729 2,881 4,191 3,328 1,231 16 to 19 years 4,352 83 252 948 1,125 1,294 535 115 20 to 24 years 9,699 197 158 781 1,757 2,897 2,793 1,116 25 years and older 59,254 393 338 1,841 4,499 10,371 17,030 24,782 25 to 34 years 17,872 181 117 575 1,413 3,467 5,932 6,188 35 to 44 years 13,691 91 71 363 944 2,267 3,680 6,276 45 to 54 years 12,672 63 53 333 831 2,022 3,382 5,987 55 to 64 years 11,179 43 52 346 834 1,787 3,032 5,085 65 years and older 3,840 14 45 223 477 829 1,006 1,246 Women, 16 years and older 36,513 486 449 2,211 4,350 8,207 9,946 10,863 6,992 217 245 994 1,526 2,118 1,408 485 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2,226 61 144 521 603 644 205 48 20 to 24 years 4,766 156 101 473 923 1,473 1,203 437 25 years and older 29,521 269 204 1,218 2,824 6,089 8,537 10,379 25 to 34 years 8,460 121 70 352 818 1,834 2,671 2,594 35 to 44 years 6,687 65 47 225 590 1,364 1,858 2,538 45 to 54 years 6,454 46 28 248 569 1,284 1,825 2,453 55 to 64 years 5,926 27 29 243 565 1,157 1,663 2,241 65 years and older 1,993 10 29 150 283 449 521 552 36,792 186 299 1,359 3,030 6,355 10,413 15,150 7,059 63 165 735 1,355 2,073 1,920 746 16 to 19 years 2,125 22 108 427 521 650 330 67 20 to 24 years 4,933 41 57 308 834 1,424 1,590 679 25 years and older 29,734 124 133 623 1,675 4,282 8,493 14,403 25 to 34 years 9,412 60 46 223 595 1,633 3,261 3,594 35 to 44 years 7,004 26 24 138 354 902 1,822 3,738 45 to 54 years 6,218 17 25 86 263 738 1,557 3,534 55 to 64 years 5,253 16 23 102 269 630 1,368 2,843 65 years and older 1,847 5 15 74 194 379 485 695 55,889 513 512 2,444 5,425 11,055 15,271 20,668 Women 27,257 372 309 1,513 3,212 6,193 7,314 8,346 Men 28,632 141 204 931 2,213 4,862 7,957 12,323 Men, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White 10,738 92 171 850 1,385 2,166 3,207 2,867 Women 5,846 74 108 538 818 1,229 1,704 1,374 Men 4,892 18 63 312 567 936 1,503 1,493 Asian 3,533 35 12 111 272 683 960 1,460 1,857 16 7 58 164 397 495 720 Black or African American Women 1,676 19 5 53 108 286 465 740 16,220 124 130 797 1,652 4,039 4,963 4,515 Women 7,257 79 73 488 925 2,132 2,052 1,507 Men 8,963 45 57 309 727 1,907 2,910 3,008 Men Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic characteristics, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] [–] Workers paid hourly rates Characteristic Total Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage At prevailing federal minimum wage Below prevailing federal minimum wage Percentage of workers paid hourly rates Number Age Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 73,305 865 247 1,112 1.5 14,051 376 153 529 3.8 4,352 129 93 222 5.1 20 to 24 years 9,699 247 60 307 3.2 25 years and older 59,254 489 94 583 1.0 25 to 34 years 17,872 216 34 250 1.4 35 to 44 years 13,691 113 17 130 1.0 45 to 54 years 12,672 80 13 93 0.7 55 to 64 years 11,179 60 14 75 0.7 65 years and older 3,840 20 15 35 0.9 Women, 16 years and older 36,513 607 136 742 2.0 6,992 281 88 369 5.3 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2,226 89 51 141 6.3 20 to 24 years 4,766 192 37 229 4.8 25 years and older 29,521 325 48 373 1.3 25 to 34 years 8,460 140 20 160 1.9 35 to 44 years 6,687 81 8 89 1.3 45 to 54 years 6,454 58 2 60 0.9 55 to 64 years 5,926 34 6 40 0.7 65 years and older 1,993 12 12 24 1.2 36,792 258 111 369 1.0 7,059 94 65 159 2.3 16 to 19 years 2,125 40 41 81 3.8 20 to 24 years 4,933 55 24 78 1.6 25 years and older 29,734 164 46 210 0.7 25 to 34 years 9,412 76 14 90 1.0 35 to 44 years 7,004 32 9 41 0.6 45 to 54 years 6,218 22 11 33 0.5 55 to 64 years 5,253 26 8 34 0.7 65 years and older 1,847 8 4 11 0.6 55,889 631 178 810 1.4 Women 27,257 451 92 544 2.0 Men 28,632 180 86 266 0.9 Men, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White 10,738 146 50 196 1.8 Women 5,846 104 35 139 2.4 Men 4,892 42 15 57 1.2 Black or African American Footnotes (1) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders. Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Workers paid hourly rates Characteristic Total Asian Women Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage At prevailing federal minimum wage Below prevailing federal minimum wage Percentage of workers paid hourly rates Number 3,533 39 3 43 1.2 1,857 18 2 20 1.1 1,676 22 1 23 1.4 16,220 160 46 205 1.3 Women 7,257 102 22 124 1.7 Men 8,963 58 24 82 0.9 55,669 397 72 468 0.8 Women 25,156 281 38 318 1.3 Men 30,514 116 34 150 0.5 17,531 462 175 637 3.6 11,305 323 98 421 3.7 6,226 139 77 216 3.5 Men Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Full- and Part-time Status(1) Full-time workers Part-time workers Women Men Footnotes (1) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders. Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] [–] Workers paid hourly rates Year Total wage and salary workers Total Percentage of total wage and salary workers Below prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage At prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Number Percentage of workers paid hourly rates Total 1979 87,529 51,721 59.1 2,916 3,997 6,912 13.4 1980 87,644 51,335 58.6 3,087 4,686 7,773 15.1 1981 88,516 51,869 58.6 3,513 4,311 7,824 15.1 1982 87,368 50,846 58.2 2,348 4,148 6,496 12.8 1983 88,290 51,820 58.7 2,077 4,261 6,338 12.2 1984 92,194 54,143 58.7 1,838 4,125 5,963 11.0 1985 94,521 55,762 59.0 1,639 3,899 5,538 9.9 1986 96,903 57,529 59.4 1,599 3,461 5,060 8.8 1987 99,303 59,552 60.0 1,468 3,229 4,698 7.9 1988 101,407 60,878 60.0 1,319 2,608 3,927 6.5 1989 103,480 62,389 60.3 1,372 1,790 3,162 5.1 1990 104,876 63,172 60.2 2,132 1,096 3,228 5.1 1991 103,723 62,627 60.4 2,377 2,906 5,283 8.4 1992 104,668 63,610 60.8 1,939 2,982 4,921 7.7 Footnotes (1) Data for 1990-91, 1996-97, and 2007-09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years. Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Workers paid hourly rates Year Total wage and salary workers Total Percentage of total wage and salary workers Below prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage At prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Number Percentage of workers paid hourly rates 1993 106,101 64,274 60.6 1,707 2,625 4,332 6.7 1994 107,989 66,549 61.6 1,995 2,132 4,128 6.2 1995 110,038 68,354 62.1 1,699 1,956 3,656 5.3 1996 111,960 69,255 61.9 1,863 1,861 3,724 5.4 1997 114,533 70,735 61.8 2,990 1,764 4,754 6.7 1998 116,730 71,440 61.2 2,834 1,593 4,427 6.2 1999 118,963 72,306 60.8 2,194 1,146 3,340 4.6 2000 122,089 73,496 60.2 1,752 898 2,650 3.6 2001 122,229 73,392 60.0 1,518 656 2,174 3.0 2002 121,826 72,508 59.5 1,579 567 2,146 3.0 2003 122,358 72,946 59.6 1,555 545 2,100 2.9 2004 123,554 73,939 59.8 1,483 520 2,003 2.7 2005 125,889 75,609 60.1 1,403 479 1,882 2.5 2006 128,237 76,514 59.7 1,283 409 1,692 2.2 2007 129,767 75,873 58.5 1,462 267 1,729 2.3 2008 129,377 75,305 58.2 1,940 286 2,226 3.0 2009 124,490 72,611 58.3 2,592 980 3,572 4.9 2010 124,073 72,902 58.8 2,541 1,820 4,361 6.0 2011 125,187 73,926 59.1 2,152 1,677 3,829 5.2 2012 127,577 75,276 59.0 1,984 1,566 3,550 4.7 2013 129,110 75,948 58.8 1,768 1,532 3,301 4.3 2014 131,431 77,207 58.7 1,737 1,255 2,992 3.9 2015 133,743 78,232 58.5 1,691 870 2,561 3.3 2016 136,101 79,883 58.7 1,451 701 2,153 2.7 2017 137,890 80,439 58.3 1,282 542 1,824 2.3 2018 140,099 81,915 58.5 1,276 434 1,711 2.1 2019 141,737 82,289 58.1 1,211 392 1,603 1.9 2020 132,174 73,305 55.5 865 247 1,112 1.5 1979 38,129 23,329 61.2 2,070 2,644 4,714 20.2 1980 38,944 23,626 60.7 2,104 2,990 5,095 21.6 1981 39,672 24,294 61.2 2,394 2,778 5,172 21.3 1982 39,777 24,365 61.3 1,651 2,561 4,212 17.3 1983 40,433 24,989 61.8 1,492 2,603 4,095 16.4 1984 42,172 26,003 61.7 1,348 2,499 3,847 14.8 1985 43,506 26,869 61.8 1,198 2,356 3,554 13.2 1986 44,961 27,863 62.0 1,192 2,125 3,317 11.9 Women 1987 46,365 29,078 62.7 1,105 1,946 3,051 10.5 1988 47,495 29,820 62.8 1,008 1,542 2,550 8.6 1989 48,691 30,702 63.1 994 1,056 2,050 6.7 1990 49,323 31,069 63.0 1,420 711 2,131 6.9 Footnotes (1) Data for 1990-91, 1996-97, and 2007-09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years. Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Workers paid hourly rates Year Total wage and salary workers Total Percentage of total wage and salary workers Below prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage At prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Percentage of workers paid hourly rates Number 1991 49,105 30,988 63.1 1,582 1,792 3,374 10.9 1992 49,842 31,454 63.1 1,286 1,751 3,036 9.7 1993 50,626 31,937 63.1 1,133 1,534 2,667 8.4 1994 51,419 33,021 64.2 1,322 1,241 2,563 7.8 1995 52,369 33,934 64.8 1,157 1,161 2,318 6.8 1996 53,488 34,418 64.3 1,244 1,106 2,350 6.8 1997 54,708 35,214 64.4 1,843 1,092 2,935 8.3 1998 55,757 35,680 64.0 1,794 965 2,760 7.7 1999 57,050 36,233 63.5 1,426 700 2,126 5.9 2000 58,427 36,777 62.9 1,170 579 1,749 4.8 2001 58,582 36,848 62.9 1,021 409 1,430 3.9 2002 58,555 36,508 62.3 997 350 1,347 3.7 2003 59,122 37,093 62.7 1,062 332 1,394 3.8 2004 59,408 37,133 62.5 1,013 310 1,323 3.6 2005 60,423 37,957 62.8 944 290 1,234 3.3 2006 61,426 38,321 62.4 861 263 1,124 2.9 2007 62,299 38,082 61.1 1,002 181 1,183 3.1 2008 62,532 37,972 60.7 1,302 196 1,498 3.9 2009 60,951 37,426 61.4 1,603 612 2,215 5.9 2010 60,542 37,404 61.8 1,598 1,151 2,749 7.3 2011 60,502 37,469 61.9 1,366 1,029 2,395 6.4 2012 61,679 38,163 61.9 1,288 999 2,287 6.0 2013 62,316 38,404 61.6 1,148 910 2,058 5.4 2014 63,383 38,802 61.2 1,139 739 1,878 4.8 2015 64,445 39,500 61.3 1,062 540 1,602 4.1 2016 65,512 40,315 61.5 952 432 1,384 3.4 2017 66,421 40,658 61.2 829 316 1,146 2.8 2018 67,467 41,223 61.1 812 267 1,078 2.6 2019 68,388 41,372 60.5 800 268 1,067 2.6 2020 63,462 36,513 57.5 607 136 742 2.0 Men 1979 49,400 28,392 57.5 846 1,353 2,199 7.7 1980 48,700 27,709 56.9 983 1,696 2,678 9.7 1981 48,844 27,576 56.5 1,119 1,533 2,652 9.6 1982 47,591 26,481 55.6 697 1,587 2,284 8.6 1983 47,856 26,831 56.1 585 1,658 2,243 8.4 1984 50,022 28,140 56.3 490 1,626 2,116 7.5 1985 51,015 28,893 56.6 440 1,544 1,984 6.9 1986 51,942 29,666 57.1 408 1,336 1,743 5.9 1987 52,938 30,474 57.6 364 1,283 1,647 5.4 1988 53,912 31,058 57.6 311 1,066 1,377 4.4 Footnotes (1) Data for 1990-91, 1996-97, and 2007-09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years. Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Workers paid hourly rates Year Total wage and salary workers Percentage of total wage and salary workers Total Below prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage At prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Percentage of workers paid hourly rates Number 1989 54,789 31,687 57.8 379 733 1,112 3.5 1990 55,553 32,104 57.8 712 385 1,097 3.4 1991 54,618 31,639 57.9 795 1,114 1,909 6.0 1992 54,826 32,155 58.6 653 1,231 1,885 5.9 1993 55,475 32,337 58.3 573 1,091 1,664 5.1 1994 56,570 33,528 59.3 674 891 1,565 4.7 1995 57,669 34,420 59.7 542 796 1,338 3.9 1996 58,473 34,838 59.6 619 755 1,374 3.9 1997 59,825 35,521 59.4 1,147 673 1,820 5.1 1998 60,973 35,761 58.7 1,039 628 1,667 4.7 1999 61,914 36,073 58.3 768 446 1,214 3.4 2000 63,662 36,720 57.7 582 319 901 2.5 2001 63,647 36,544 57.4 497 247 744 2.0 2002 63,272 36,000 56.9 582 217 799 2.2 2003 63,236 35,853 56.7 493 213 706 2.0 2004 64,145 36,806 57.4 470 210 680 1.8 2005 65,466 37,652 57.5 459 189 648 1.7 2006 66,811 38,193 57.2 422 146 568 1.5 2007 67,468 37,790 56.0 460 86 546 1.4 2008 66,846 37,334 55.9 638 90 728 1.9 2009 63,539 35,185 55.4 990 368 1,358 3.9 2010 63,531 35,498 55.9 943 669 1,612 4.5 2011 64,686 36,457 56.4 785 648 1,433 3.9 2012 65,898 37,113 56.3 696 567 1,263 3.4 2013 66,794 37,544 56.2 621 622 1,243 3.3 2014 68,048 38,405 56.4 598 516 1,114 2.9 2015 69,298 38,732 55.9 629 330 959 2.5 2016 70,589 39,568 56.1 499 270 769 1.9 2017 71,469 39,781 55.7 452 226 678 1.7 2018 72,632 40,691 56.0 464 168 632 1.6 2019 73,349 40,918 55.8 411 125 536 1.3 2020 68,711 36,792 53.5 258 111 369 1.0 Footnotes (1) Data for 1990-91, 1996-97, and 2007-09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years. Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [–] Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1979 62.3 78.6 85.2 76.3 62.1 67.5 58.3 56.8 60.6 77.6 1980 64.2 80.3 89.5 78.1 62.8 69.4 58.3 56.9 59.4 76.4 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year 16 to 24 years Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1981 64.4 82.6 91.7 80.6 62.6 70.3 59.9 56.8 58.9 71.1 1982 65.7 85.3 92.9 82.4 64.9 72.1 61.1 60.1 61.4 70.3 1983 66.5 88.8 94.0 85.5 65.8 73.3 61.5 59.5 61.8 68.8 1984 67.6 87.9 93.1 85.2 67.1 74.6 62.0 59.4 61.5 66.8 1985 68.1 87.6 90.7 85.7 66.8 75.1 63.0 59.7 61.0 65.9 1986 69.5 89.0 91.4 87.5 66.5 76.1 63.9 60.9 61.2 71.5 1987 69.8 88.3 87.8 88.0 67.3 76.7 66.1 62.3 62.2 68.7 1988 70.2 89.7 89.8 90.0 68.8 77.7 68.5 61.7 62.3 70.9 1989 70.1 90.8 94.3 89.7 70.2 78.3 68.3 62.7 63.9 74.3 1990 71.9 90.1 90.8 90.3 72.1 79.3 69.6 63.8 63.7 74.4 1991 74.2 93.3 93.6 93.3 74.0 81.0 70.7 65.0 64.5 68.3 1992 75.8 94.0 94.0 94.3 74.6 82.0 71.9 65.8 64.9 77.9 1993 77.1 94.8 92.8 95.4 74.8 83.0 73.0 67.4 67.4 74.3 1994 76.4 93.9 92.5 94.5 73.1 82.9 72.6 67.1 66.0 76.2 1995 75.5 90.8 88.1 92.4 72.8 82.2 72.6 67.7 64.7 80.0 1996 75.0 92.5 88.8 92.8 74.1 83.2 73.3 68.9 65.3 70.0 1997 74.4 92.1 91.6 90.5 75.1 82.9 74.0 69.4 64.7 77.0 1998 76.3 91.3 88.6 89.4 75.9 82.9 73.6 70.5 68.1 72.6 1999 76.5 91.0 91.4 90.5 74.4 81.5 71.7 70.0 67.9 78.7 2000 76.9 91.7 92.5 92.7 74.5 82.4 71.6 73.2 69.1 75.1 2001 76.4 90.3 90.3 91.9 75.4 83.0 72.5 73.5 70.5 69.0 2002 77.9 93.9 94.6 93.9 77.6 84.5 75.2 74.6 71.6 73.8 2003 79.4 93.2 93.1 93.9 78.5 86.9 76.1 73.0 72.7 71.1 2004 80.4 93.8 92.1 93.8 78.6 87.8 75.6 72.9 73.0 74.6 2005 81.0 93.2 92.1 93.8 79.4 89.0 75.5 75.5 74.7 76.4 2006 80.8 94.5 87.6 94.9 78.7 88.2 77.2 73.5 72.9 77.5 2007 80.2 92.3 89.1 90.3 78.5 86.9 76.5 74.5 72.8 77.8 2008 79.9 91.1 87.3 92.5 78.2 88.5 74.5 74.9 75.4 74.8 2009 80.2 92.6 90.7 92.9 78.7 88.7 77.4 73.6 75.3 76.1 2010 81.2 95.3 94.6 93.8 80.5 90.8 79.9 76.5 75.2 75.7 2011 82.2 92.5 88.6 93.2 81.0 92.3 78.5 76.0 75.1 80.9 2012 80.9 88.9 88.5 89.0 79.9 90.2 78.1 75.1 76.2 77.6 2013 82.1 88.3 89.7 89.8 81.1 89.4 80.2 76.6 77.1 73.7 2014 82.5 91.5 91.1 92.3 81.6 89.9 81.0 77.2 76.4 78.6 2015 81.1 88.2 89.4 89.7 80.4 89.6 81.8 76.8 73.7 73.8 2016 81.9 94.9 92.6 95.6 80.9 88.8 83.3 77.8 73.7 75.5 2017 81.8 91.2 87.6 90.2 81.3 88.2 81.0 77.5 78.0 77.0 2018 81.1 90.8 89.4 92.2 80.9 87.0 79.6 77.0 75.0 77.2 2019 81.5 89.0 84.4 90.4 80.8 87.8 80.1 77.3 75.5 76.5 2020 82.3 94.7 90.4 93.5 81.2 89.5 81.2 77.5 77.8 80.4 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 [–] Year Total, 16 years and older Black or African American White Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Asian 1979 62.3 61.7 74.4 - 71.7 1980 64.2 63.4 75.8 - 73.5 Year Total, 16 years and older Black or African American White Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Asian 1981 64.4 63.1 76.9 - 75.7 1982 65.7 64.5 78.1 - 75.5 1983 66.5 65.6 78.9 - 78.5 1984 67.6 66.8 79.5 - 77.7 1985 68.1 67.2 82.6 - 77.7 1986 69.5 67.9 82.8 - 80.6 1987 69.8 68.2 84.4 - 82.0 1988 70.2 68.4 82.8 - 84.4 1989 70.1 69.3 86.5 - 85.4 1990 71.9 71.5 85.3 - 87.4 1991 74.2 73.7 86.1 - 90.4 1992 75.8 75.3 88.2 - 89.1 1993 77.1 76.5 88.8 - 90.5 1994 76.4 74.6 86.5 - 88.9 1995 75.5 73.3 86.4 - 87.1 1996 75.0 73.8 87.9 - 88.8 1997 74.4 74.6 86.8 - 85.7 1998 76.3 76.1 85.5 - 86.4 1999 76.5 75.7 83.8 - 85.7 2000 76.9 75.8 84.1 79.9 87.8 2001 76.4 75.8 85.8 76.9 88.2 2002 77.9 77.9 90.3 74.9 88.0 2003 79.4 79.3 88.5 77.5 88.4 2004 80.4 79.8 88.8 76.4 87.3 2005 81.0 80.2 89.3 80.6 87.7 2006 80.8 80.0 87.8 79.3 87.1 2007 80.2 79.4 88.8 78.1 91.0 2008 79.9 79.3 89.4 78.0 89.6 2009 80.2 79.2 93.7 81.8 89.5 2010 81.2 80.5 93.5 82.6 90.7 2011 82.2 82.1 91.1 77.4 90.7 2012 80.9 80.8 90.1 73.0 88.0 2013 82.1 81.7 91.3 77.3 91.1 2014 82.5 81.8 89.9 77.9 89.0 2015 81.1 80.8 90.4 77.7 89.7 2016 81.9 81.3 89.3 78.4 88.4 2017 81.8 81.9 92.5 74.8 87.4 2018 81.1 81.5 89.0 75.5 85.7 2019 81.5 81.1 91.5 76.7 85.9 2020 82.3 81.5 92.0 79.0 88.5 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979-2020 [–] Year 1979 Total, 25 years and older 62.1 Less than a high school diploma 60.3 High school graduates, no college 60.1 Some college or associate degree 64.1 Bachelor's degree and higher 66.7 Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma Some college or associate degree High school graduates, no college Bachelor's degree and higher 1980 62.8 61.4 61.5 64.5 67.9 1981 62.6 61.2 61.0 65.6 66.9 1982 64.9 62.8 63.1 66.7 68.8 1983 65.8 64.8 63.4 68.2 71.2 1984 67.1 64.9 64.9 68.4 69.4 1985 66.8 64.3 65.8 67.2 70.2 1986 66.5 64.8 66.6 68.0 70.6 1987 67.3 66.0 68.1 69.8 71.4 1988 68.8 66.6 68.2 71.6 71.4 1989 70.2 66.8 67.6 73.3 71.9 1990 72.1 68.8 68.6 72.9 72.2 1991 74.0 71.6 69.8 72.6 73.6 1992 74.6 72.9 70.4 73.3 75.1 1993 74.8 73.9 71.3 73.8 75.8 1994 73.1 75.1 70.8 72.1 76.8 1995 72.8 75.5 70.2 71.6 76.2 1996 74.1 75.1 70.7 73.2 75.2 1997 75.1 75.3 70.7 73.9 75.0 1998 75.9 73.9 70.8 74.0 75.3 1999 74.4 73.4 69.8 73.4 75.7 2000 74.5 74.9 71.1 73.1 74.1 2001 75.4 75.4 72.7 71.9 73.7 2002 77.6 77.2 74.2 74.3 74.2 2003 78.5 76.7 75.5 75.7 73.6 2004 78.6 74.9 75.7 75.8 75.2 2005 79.4 74.9 75.6 76.6 75.7 2006 78.7 76.3 73.7 75.6 75.1 2007 78.5 76.7 74.3 75.2 75.0 2008 78.2 76.1 73.3 75.7 74.3 2009 78.7 76.4 75.7 75.4 73.1 2010 80.5 79.8 76.5 75.5 74.1 2011 81.0 80.9 76.9 76.8 74.9 2012 79.9 76.0 76.3 76.9 73.0 2013 81.1 80.0 78.3 76.6 74.8 2014 81.6 79.1 77.0 75.8 75.7 2015 80.4 80.4 77.2 75.2 74.9 2016 80.9 76.8 77.9 76.8 75.2 2017 81.3 76.5 76.5 76.3 76.4 2018 80.9 77.3 75.2 75.4 75.1 2019 80.8 76.7 75.0 74.4 76.0 2020 81.2 77.9 76.2 75.9 75.4 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in table 24. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [–] Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 Year 1979 Total, 16 years and older 64.1 16 to 24 years Total 81.8 16 to 19 years 95.0 25 years and older 20 to 24 years 75.9 Total 58.3 25 to 34 years 63.3 35 to 44 years 55.8 45 to 54 years 54.1 55 to 64 years 56.9 65 years and older 87.6 Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years Total 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1980 64.8 84.1 93.2 77.0 58.7 64.1 54.9 54.4 56.4 89.2 1981 65.1 86.1 96.7 80.0 60.3 66.7 57.5 54.1 56.2 88.1 1982 67.3 86.3 97.0 81.8 62.1 67.7 57.1 55.7 59.0 88.1 1983 69.4 87.2 96.7 84.4 62.9 70.3 57.6 56.7 58.0 87.6 1984 69.8 86.0 96.5 84.5 63.7 71.1 59.0 56.9 59.5 89.0 1985 70.0 85.7 96.3 87.2 64.7 72.4 60.3 57.8 60.4 88.8 1986 70.2 85.8 95.5 86.7 66.0 74.1 61.4 59.0 60.3 91.3 1987 72.1 85.9 93.9 86.1 67.2 74.3 62.9 61.3 62.0 91.2 1988 73.8 89.1 94.4 87.2 68.7 75.6 66.1 61.6 62.4 92.8 1989 75.4 90.7 93.4 86.9 69.8 78.0 67.0 63.4 63.8 87.1 1990 77.9 91.0 93.8 90.1 71.8 79.4 68.7 64.3 66.2 89.6 1991 78.6 91.0 97.9 91.7 73.5 80.4 70.4 65.0 68.9 92.6 1992 80.3 91.3 97.7 92.5 76.0 82.6 73.1 66.1 69.3 92.6 1993 80.4 91.7 97.1 94.2 77.3 83.6 73.1 67.3 69.0 92.1 1994 80.6 90.5 97.0 91.2 78.2 85.5 73.4 69.9 70.7 94.0 1995 80.8 90.9 96.1 89.3 76.1 83.7 72.6 70.8 71.4 94.2 1996 81.2 92.1 97.0 89.6 78.2 83.1 74.6 72.1 72.4 91.6 1997 80.8 92.2 96.6 91.2 78.8 82.7 75.7 72.3 70.5 98.1 1998 81.8 90.3 96.7 89.1 77.9 86.1 77.4 75.0 72.4 93.2 1999 83.8 92.7 96.8 89.9 79.4 83.9 76.9 72.7 76.4 95.4 2000 83.8 91.7 93.8 93.0 80.8 88.3 76.3 73.2 76.8 94.7 2001 85.2 90.5 95.8 89.7 79.2 85.8 75.0 76.1 80.2 90.4 2002 85.0 92.5 96.9 91.3 82.1 85.1 78.7 77.6 80.8 89.3 2003 84.8 93.2 97.6 91.0 83.1 87.5 79.1 79.0 78.4 90.3 2004 84.6 93.9 95.9 91.7 81.7 88.3 78.4 79.1 79.6 92.5 2005 84.8 92.6 96.0 92.4 83.2 89.2 79.6 80.2 80.2 97.8 2006 84.0 90.9 95.7 90.5 83.2 87.6 80.0 76.4 80.6 93.0 2007 84.8 89.3 95.4 90.4 81.7 87.4 81.5 79.6 79.2 92.2 2008 85.4 91.2 96.6 91.6 83.0 87.0 80.5 78.2 81.8 91.6 2009 85.5 93.1 97.1 92.0 84.7 90.6 80.7 77.0 84.5 92.6 2010 86.0 93.6 97.8 91.7 85.6 91.9 82.9 79.9 83.2 93.8 2011 86.8 94.6 97.5 92.5 86.7 92.0 83.8 81.5 82.2 91.5 2012 86.4 93.0 97.9 92.0 86.8 91.5 83.9 81.2 83.1 90.9 2013 86.6 92.3 96.7 94.0 87.5 91.1 84.9 81.2 84.1 94.9 2014 84.6 92.4 96.1 96.3 85.7 87.0 84.6 81.2 81.3 89.2 2015 85.6 95.1 97.5 93.5 87.8 91.0 85.7 84.3 82.1 89.5 2016 87.0 97.7 95.7 91.9 87.6 88.2 85.8 83.0 83.7 88.1 2017 89.2 93.5 97.1 92.6 87.2 92.4 83.4 80.9 81.8 93.0 2018 87.8 93.1 97.6 95.9 84.7 92.2 82.5 80.0 79.9 92.4 2019 88.6 95.0 95.5 92.0 86.3 90.8 83.0 83.0 81.7 93.5 2020 85.7 92.7 93.2 92.2 86.0 90.7 84.3 81.1 84.6 89.7 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 [–] Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1979 64.1 62.5 72.6 - 71.8 1980 64.8 63.6 74.9 - 75.1 1981 65.1 63.8 72.1 - 76.4 1982 67.3 66.0 75.2 - 75.6 1983 69.4 68.0 79.2 - 76.1 1984 69.8 68.6 79.1 - 77.0 1985 70.0 67.8 82.0 - 79.4 1986 70.2 68.8 78.7 - 80.8 1987 72.1 70.9 80.1 - 80.2 1988 73.8 72.7 80.8 - 81.1 1989 75.4 74.0 83.2 - 83.0 1990 77.9 75.6 84.5 - 86.1 1991 78.6 76.6 86.5 - 86.9 1992 80.3 78.6 87.1 - 88.3 1993 80.4 78.9 89.6 - 88.6 1994 80.6 79.7 87.5 - 89.3 1995 80.8 78.4 87.3 - 90.9 1996 81.2 79.6 88.0 - 88.8 1997 80.8 80.3 87.5 - 86.3 1998 81.8 81.8 86.9 - 87.6 1999 83.8 82.3 83.2 - 86.6 2000 83.8 83.0 88.8 90.5 87.3 2001 85.2 83.8 89.9 85.1 85.6 2002 85.0 83.8 92.3 91.7 86.1 2003 84.8 84.0 91.7 89.8 88.5 2004 84.6 84.0 91.3 88.8 90.2 2005 84.8 84.2 91.1 91.3 90.1 2006 84.0 83.6 88.5 90.7 87.6 2007 84.8 83.7 90.3 89.5 88.5 2008 85.4 84.5 89.9 87.3 85.1 2009 85.5 84.8 89.7 90.4 84.6 2010 86.0 85.0 92.1 88.0 86.2 2011 86.8 85.9 93.5 89.8 86.8 2012 86.4 85.3 92.0 90.1 85.4 2013 86.6 85.7 94.9 91.6 87.5 2014 84.6 83.3 94.8 90.2 86.6 2015 85.6 85.9 92.4 92.8 85.8 2016 87.0 87.2 92.6 93.6 85.2 2017 89.2 87.8 94.1 85.5 84.1 2018 87.8 86.3 91.6 89.6 85.3 2019 88.6 87.3 93.5 88.8 90.1 2020 85.7 85.2 94.1 91.8 90.4 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars] [–] 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older Total 1979 $803 $573 $480 $620 $883 $850 $933 $920 $873 $660 1980 787 562 462 601 859 829 907 895 856 610 1981 778 548 441 584 844 811 893 877 847 608 1982 780 537 424 568 845 804 915 891 840 654 1983 777 524 407 553 851 797 918 911 859 648 1984 776 517 402 550 862 798 926 917 871 648 1985 791 515 400 552 871 802 933 920 876 683 1986 812 525 403 561 885 814 948 941 898 674 1987 817 531 406 566 880 814 950 937 884 677 1988 812 525 414 561 873 808 949 956 884 681 1989 806 523 412 558 863 796 954 954 871 675 1990 794 518 403 549 865 784 936 942 881 661 1991 792 515 396 541 868 771 926 942 872 708 1992 799 501 385 526 869 766 913 947 877 686 1993 812 499 379 526 869 772 915 959 871 696 1994 809 496 383 520 867 761 931 981 868 666 1995 810 494 391 518 863 763 931 985 870 658 1996 807 491 395 514 857 763 921 979 881 633 1997 811 494 406 518 871 776 934 979 900 634 1998 833 508 427 540 911 799 951 987 943 645 1999 855 531 438 565 922 807 952 1,016 941 629 2000 869 544 448 578 919 828 943 1,009 935 698 2001 874 550 447 578 924 845 963 1,016 935 716 2002 877 550 440 576 932 853 964 1,019 973 724 2003 874 546 439 567 934 838 969 1,020 999 728 2004 876 536 424 558 938 830 979 1,021 996 769 2005 865 527 422 546 924 810 971 993 985 756 2006 864 526 417 544 924 799 963 995 985 750 2007 870 531 422 563 924 805 962 989 1,005 757 2008 870 534 420 563 917 802 969 990 994 776 2009 894 534 416 561 936 820 988 1,013 1,017 827 2010 888 514 413 540 930 811 980 1,004 1,023 813 2011 872 507 406 527 919 799 965 999 1,016 856 2012 868 502 402 524 921 799 969 992 1,014 855 2013 864 506 415 526 921 788 973 983 1,007 892 2014 865 522 414 537 918 794 964 984 997 902 2015 884 532 425 548 940 803 984 1,009 1,013 954 2016 898 540 437 553 955 810 1,008 1,030 1,027 934 2017 908 548 448 570 958 816 1,018 1,032 1,029 960 2018 913 565 463 594 961 833 1,016 1,033 1,025 973 2019 928 588 487 605 981 856 1,048 1,046 1,029 947 2020 984 606 497 624 1,029 904 1,106 1,129 1,096 999 Women Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1979 $607 $513 $440 $537 $650 $663 $653 $640 $630 $567 1980 604 502 435 526 640 655 643 628 616 526 1981 600 493 422 523 638 655 652 616 608 518 1982 618 496 408 519 659 667 667 651 633 545 1983 625 491 392 514 665 675 675 655 638 526 1984 631 483 386 507 674 679 695 664 643 521 1985 637 485 382 508 680 680 706 671 655 556 1986 658 495 385 523 697 692 722 697 670 579 1987 662 496 376 528 701 690 736 707 672 570 1988 665 496 388 530 707 690 747 715 669 591 1989 663 497 398 525 709 687 747 721 673 590 1990 667 489 382 518 711 686 751 726 671 578 1991 680 494 381 520 719 690 757 740 675 593 1992 690 485 372 508 726 693 759 757 682 595 1993 696 483 363 512 735 699 770 779 699 593 1994 692 478 366 503 730 688 776 780 690 582 1995 687 465 364 492 724 682 766 785 682 597 1996 689 468 367 491 731 684 763 792 692 550 1997 695 471 387 494 745 689 777 798 698 561 1998 726 486 396 508 772 718 793 822 758 557 1999 737 505 414 534 774 732 783 832 766 576 2000 744 519 427 552 778 744 786 851 766 591 2001 751 518 422 550 796 751 802 861 786 572 2002 763 530 426 556 820 765 824 869 828 620 2003 779 523 422 546 824 770 832 859 848 614 2004 787 515 402 537 823 771 835 859 845 657 2005 777 506 404 526 813 761 825 855 849 653 2006 772 508 393 532 807 750 830 848 847 656 2007 768 512 398 533 809 747 836 847 850 668 2008 769 506 388 536 807 751 822 852 857 678 2009 794 513 391 538 831 767 857 861 879 728 2010 795 502 400 522 837 771 869 868 875 715 2011 789 486 378 505 828 764 847 858 864 766 2012 781 470 373 485 821 753 844 843 866 754 2013 786 471 390 492 824 741 854 847 867 769 2014 787 493 391 512 823 743 854 853 853 810 2015 793 492 398 511 832 754 879 873 857 809 2016 808 524 419 539 846 761 905 902 876 808 2017 813 527 424 543 855 765 908 903 904 826 2018 813 538 434 563 856 773 903 903 879 836 2019 831 547 432 570 876 798 931 915 891 825 2020 891 589 464 606 929 852 978 977 955 897 1979 $973 $653 $517 $703 $1,047 $983 $1,120 $1,127 $1,040 $730 1980 940 625 486 673 1,018 943 1,102 1,102 1,036 688 1981 932 597 460 649 1,019 932 1,088 1,085 1,033 729 Men Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1982 941 581 439 630 1,016 925 1,090 1,083 1,031 775 1983 940 553 417 600 1,010 921 1,097 1,102 1,032 764 1984 933 550 414 595 1,005 910 1,121 1,119 1,045 781 1985 936 554 421 593 1,018 906 1,120 1,124 1,074 844 1986 948 557 421 597 1,048 910 1,129 1,145 1,095 810 1987 948 561 428 600 1,041 900 1,114 1,135 1,081 830 1988 947 553 432 589 1,027 888 1,091 1,158 1,074 833 1989 945 547 422 586 1,010 877 1,095 1,149 1,053 794 1990 927 543 420 574 987 865 1,079 1,139 1,052 776 1991 916 530 407 558 972 851 1,071 1,138 1,046 868 1992 909 515 396 539 973 846 1,054 1,151 1,051 764 1993 903 510 391 536 982 842 1,055 1,156 1,037 798 1994 905 510 395 532 998 830 1,069 1,163 1,045 764 1995 910 513 413 533 995 829 1,056 1,159 1,054 746 1996 918 506 414 529 987 822 1,041 1,150 1,059 786 1997 934 511 423 545 992 831 1,050 1,150 1,079 729 1998 952 532 447 568 1,018 866 1,078 1,166 1,113 768 1999 963 555 453 590 1,040 899 1,093 1,188 1,129 732 2000 967 566 462 596 1,045 902 1,098 1,163 1,109 787 2001 982 573 468 598 1,056 905 1,106 1,172 1,114 828 2002 980 564 450 592 1,056 905 1,095 1,165 1,157 841 2003 980 561 453 581 1,049 886 1,093 1,176 1,166 863 2004 979 549 437 573 1,047 878 1,104 1,177 1,158 880 2005 959 543 438 560 1,024 855 1,092 1,133 1,135 855 2006 956 538 448 560 1,026 851 1,076 1,154 1,161 847 2007 959 554 447 591 1,030 860 1,093 1,138 1,168 859 2008 961 555 445 580 1,033 848 1,102 1,137 1,136 907 2009 990 554 430 579 1,056 865 1,108 1,169 1,167 956 2010 980 527 422 556 1,039 849 1,088 1,134 1,164 944 2011 960 525 427 542 1,022 827 1,078 1,129 1,150 947 2012 965 529 421 545 1,028 834 1,081 1,123 1,136 972 2013 958 533 434 548 1,016 829 1,065 1,107 1,126 1,043 2014 953 539 429 555 1,009 826 1,055 1,106 1,117 1,031 2015 978 557 445 570 1,035 842 1,074 1,137 1,163 1,096 2016 987 552 452 564 1,045 857 1,086 1,160 1,189 1,070 2017 994 578 485 602 1,052 867 1,121 1,165 1,159 1,073 2018 1,003 593 486 610 1,058 889 1,135 1,172 1,172 1,082 2019 1,019 614 512 631 1,083 908 1,163 1,183 1,180 1,079 2020 1,082 622 513 648 1,144 952 1,205 1,260 1,228 1,115 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars] [–] Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total 1979 $803 $827 $663 - $647 1980 787 808 637 - 628 1981 778 797 644 - 611 Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1982 780 801 633 - 620 1983 777 794 648 - 620 1984 776 800 640 - 617 1985 791 818 637 - 621 1986 812 839 658 - 627 1987 817 838 657 - 622 1988 812 833 662 - 612 1989 806 826 644 - 602 1990 794 817 634 - 586 1991 792 822 647 - 580 1992 799 831 648 - 583 1993 812 841 653 - 586 1994 809 839 643 - 562 1995 810 836 648 - 557 1996 807 834 638 - 558 1997 811 837 645 - 566 1998 833 868 678 - 589 1999 855 893 693 - 600 2000 869 890 715 $928 602 2001 874 894 720 937 611 2002 877 899 719 949 612 2003 874 897 725 977 621 2004 876 902 721 973 626 2005 865 892 691 1,000 625 2006 864 888 713 1,009 625 2007 870 896 712 1,039 630 2008 870 894 710 1,037 637 2009 894 915 727 1,064 654 2010 888 910 727 1,017 636 2011 872 894 709 999 633 2012 868 895 702 1,040 642 2013 864 893 700 1,049 644 2014 865 893 699 1,043 650 2015 884 913 701 1,085 660 2016 898 930 731 1,101 673 2017 908 940 720 1,101 692 2018 913 944 715 1,129 701 2019 928 956 744 1,188 715 2020 984 1,003 794 1,310 758 1979 $607 $613 $563 - $523 1980 604 610 556 - 517 1981 600 605 564 - 521 1982 618 625 561 - 525 1983 625 630 576 - 533 Women Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1984 631 638 574 - 531 1985 637 646 579 - 529 1986 658 665 597 - 545 1987 662 670 603 - 548 1988 665 671 608 - 549 1989 663 675 608 - 543 1990 667 680 593 - 536 1991 680 693 600 - 543 1992 690 702 608 - 548 1993 696 710 616 - 554 1994 692 707 600 - 529 1995 687 702 601 - 516 1996 689 705 596 - 521 1997 695 716 605 - 513 1998 726 745 637 - 537 1999 737 752 637 - 542 2000 744 757 647 $825 552 2001 751 765 666 826 569 2002 763 789 683 817 573 2003 779 800 693 843 578 2004 787 802 694 842 576 2005 777 792 663 883 570 2006 772 784 668 900 566 2007 768 783 667 915 592 2008 769 788 667 907 604 2009 794 809 704 942 615 2010 795 813 704 919 604 2011 789 811 686 866 597 2012 781 802 677 870 589 2013 786 804 675 912 602 2014 787 803 668 920 600 2015 793 812 672 958 619 2016 808 826 691 973 632 2017 813 839 694 954 637 2018 813 842 674 966 636 2019 831 850 713 1,037 650 2020 891 905 764 1,143 705 1979 $973 $993 $757 - $730 1980 940 961 733 - 703 1981 932 959 734 - 688 1982 941 969 718 - 695 1983 940 960 730 - 680 1984 933 955 721 - 683 1985 936 961 701 - 680 Men Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1986 948 980 722 - 676 1987 948 983 714 - 668 1988 947 981 734 - 650 1989 945 974 703 - 636 1990 927 952 696 - 613 1991 916 941 697 - 600 1992 909 933 690 - 615 1993 903 927 694 - 612 1994 905 948 693 - 594 1995 910 958 695 - 592 1996 918 956 679 - 586 1997 934 960 697 - 598 1998 952 979 745 - 621 1999 963 994 760 - 632 2000 967 998 769 $1,033 629 2001 982 1,010 776 1,073 645 2002 980 1,013 756 1,091 651 2003 980 1,008 783 1,089 654 2004 979 1,005 782 1,102 659 2005 959 987 742 1,096 649 2006 956 979 761 1,135 650 2007 959 986 751 1,171 651 2008 961 994 747 1,164 673 2009 990 1,022 751 1,151 688 2010 980 1,011 753 1,113 666 2011 960 987 753 1,119 659 2012 965 993 751 1,192 669 2013 958 984 739 1,179 661 2014 953 981 744 1,182 674 2015 978 1,005 743 1,234 690 2016 987 1,016 775 1,242 715 2017 994 1,025 750 1,275 729 2018 1,003 1,033 758 1,279 742 2019 1,019 1,049 778 1,352 756 2020 1,082 1,110 830 1,447 797 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars] [–] Year Less than a high school Total, 25 years and older Some college or associate degree High school graduates, no college diploma Bachelor's degree and higher Total 1979 $883 $700 $830 $940 $1,147 1980 859 667 799 913 1,129 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Less than a high school Total, 25 years and older Some college or associate degree High school graduates, no college diploma Bachelor's degree and higher 1981 844 658 784 888 1,115 1982 845 641 780 907 1,132 1983 851 635 772 901 1,144 1984 862 626 769 910 1,157 1985 871 621 766 917 1,163 1986 885 629 778 925 1,188 1987 880 620 777 919 1,231 1988 873 608 776 907 1,234 1989 863 600 758 913 1,230 1990 865 584 744 917 1,229 1991 868 571 738 909 1,238 1992 869 564 731 878 1,263 1993 869 556 735 874 1,265 1994 867 532 730 865 1,270 1995 863 523 731 860 1,264 1996 857 522 730 853 1,249 1997 871 518 744 863 1,256 1998 911 537 763 889 1,307 1999 922 539 763 903 1,340 2000 919 546 762 899 1,344 2001 924 560 762 905 1,350 2002 932 560 772 908 1,358 2003 934 559 781 901 1,360 2004 938 551 788 908 1,354 2005 924 543 774 890 1,345 2006 924 539 766 891 1,337 2007 924 536 756 881 1,342 2008 917 546 745 870 1,343 2009 936 549 757 878 1,375 2010 930 528 744 873 1,360 2011 919 520 736 852 1,326 2012 921 532 737 846 1,316 2013 921 526 725 833 1,330 2014 918 534 731 833 1,305 2015 940 539 741 833 1,344 2016 955 544 746 840 1,358 2017 958 549 752 843 1,351 2018 961 570 753 852 1,365 2019 981 599 755 866 1,384 2020 1,029 619 781 903 1,421 Women 1979 $650 $507 $617 $703 $880 1980 640 492 604 694 871 1981 638 479 595 699 871 1982 659 475 610 708 894 1983 665 484 610 715 916 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Less than a high school Total, 25 years and older Some college or associate degree High school graduates, no college diploma Bachelor's degree and higher 1984 674 476 617 726 929 1985 680 464 616 729 952 1986 697 471 627 747 986 1987 701 467 629 758 1,017 1988 707 466 629 759 1,023 1989 709 467 614 766 1,024 1990 711 462 607 761 1,031 1991 719 465 610 760 1,045 1992 726 465 612 739 1,078 1993 735 465 614 747 1,081 1994 730 445 608 733 1,099 1995 724 443 602 723 1,090 1996 731 442 601 728 1,082 1997 745 444 610 740 1,084 1998 772 451 631 758 1,126 1999 774 452 631 760 1,153 2000 778 459 633 762 1,140 2001 796 463 650 762 1,152 2002 820 469 661 784 1,167 2003 824 464 669 790 1,173 2004 823 459 670 793 1,181 2005 813 453 655 780 1,173 2006 807 461 644 775 1,165 2007 809 462 641 762 1,166 2008 807 455 627 757 1,151 2009 831 462 655 762 1,173 2010 837 461 646 759 1,172 2011 828 456 639 744 1,151 2012 821 436 634 745 1,131 2013 824 445 638 732 1,161 2014 823 447 632 723 1,148 2015 832 457 640 726 1,163 2016 846 456 646 742 1,188 2017 855 472 644 739 1,194 2018 856 484 635 739 1,180 2019 876 500 641 746 1,210 2020 929 525 671 779 1,239 1979 $1,047 $840 $1,027 $1,097 $1,320 1980 1,018 802 982 1,075 1,282 1981 1,019 784 975 1,066 1,301 1982 1,016 757 966 1,062 1,300 1983 1,010 747 963 1,047 1,285 1984 1,005 733 950 1,062 1,338 1985 1,018 722 936 1,085 1,356 1986 1,048 726 941 1,097 1,398 Men Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Less than a high school Total, 25 years and older Some college or associate degree High school graduates, no college diploma Bachelor's degree and higher 1987 1,041 707 924 1,085 1,426 1988 1,027 700 922 1,061 1,432 1989 1,010 699 909 1,044 1,424 1990 987 672 884 1,044 1,428 1991 972 649 874 1,046 1,420 1992 973 637 869 1,007 1,436 1993 982 630 862 1,012 1,427 1994 998 593 860 1,017 1,432 1995 995 587 858 1,008 1,430 1996 987 588 850 995 1,440 1997 992 589 863 1,002 1,445 1998 1,018 610 890 1,024 1,495 1999 1,040 615 903 1,036 1,522 2000 1,045 612 891 1,042 1,538 2001 1,056 614 893 1,060 1,565 2002 1,056 608 890 1,055 1,573 2003 1,049 605 886 1,044 1,595 2004 1,047 613 886 1,045 1,570 2005 1,024 604 866 1,017 1,550 2006 1,026 604 873 1,024 1,551 2007 1,030 602 862 1,014 1,556 2008 1,033 599 854 1,000 1,548 2009 1,056 605 866 1,010 1,605 2010 1,039 578 844 1,005 1,581 2011 1,022 563 830 969 1,536 2012 1,028 574 831 968 1,549 2013 1,016 557 815 955 1,553 2014 1,009 566 822 954 1,515 2015 1,035 568 830 965 1,552 2016 1,045 594 830 967 1,579 2017 1,052 617 842 968 1,564 2018 1,058 626 844 980 1,571 2019 1,083 652 854 1,003 1,592 2020 1,144 674 881 1,027 1,644 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars] [–] 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older Total 1979 $14.80 $11.63 $10.33 $13.40 $17.03 $17.33 $17.63 $17.20 $16.57 $10.77 1980 1981 14.47 11.14 9.67 12.88 16.67 17.00 17.30 16.97 16.19 10.69 14.11 10.88 9.81 12.63 16.41 16.68 16.99 16.47 15.92 10.74 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 9.30 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 1982 13.95 10.47 1983 13.87 10.12 1984 13.88 9.95 1985 13.86 9.79 8.44 11.36 16.21 1986 14.03 9.98 8.39 11.45 16.36 1987 14.13 10.02 8.32 11.38 16.29 1988 14.20 10.11 8.50 11.35 16.33 1989 14.12 10.00 8.53 11.41 1990 13.93 9.94 8.65 11.39 1991 13.94 9.78 8.72 1992 14.01 9.75 8.58 1993 13.93 9.75 8.50 1994 13.88 9.74 8.51 1995 13.82 9.81 1996 13.84 9.79 1997 14.11 9.92 8.89 1998 14.49 10.48 1999 14.84 10.70 2000 14.95 2001 14.94 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 12.04 16.23 16.41 17.08 16.59 15.79 10.65 8.96 11.64 16.25 16.13 17.15 16.70 15.91 10.92 8.69 11.48 16.29 16.12 17.07 16.86 15.76 11.02 15.91 17.22 16.94 15.89 10.90 15.86 17.62 17.49 16.22 11.24 15.70 17.34 17.16 16.20 11.09 15.68 17.24 17.22 15.78 11.03 16.04 15.43 17.29 17.01 15.80 10.95 15.72 15.22 16.99 16.94 15.45 11.08 11.15 15.76 14.94 17.04 16.93 15.22 11.04 10.94 15.84 14.83 17.02 17.28 15.39 11.14 10.88 15.84 14.64 17.01 17.45 15.75 11.31 10.78 15.81 14.52 17.19 17.37 15.63 11.07 8.53 10.86 15.84 14.74 16.95 17.14 15.57 11.25 8.52 11.02 15.85 14.53 16.71 16.87 15.47 11.15 11.15 15.92 14.58 16.71 17.10 15.69 11.11 9.36 11.53 16.13 15.37 17.29 17.45 16.05 11.78 9.47 12.06 16.31 15.55 17.17 17.65 16.17 11.99 10.92 9.67 12.17 16.41 15.35 17.12 17.83 16.32 12.14 11.28 9.91 12.29 16.72 15.65 17.55 17.84 16.67 12.51 15.11 11.27 9.97 12.22 17.07 15.84 17.58 17.98 17.10 13.09 15.30 11.14 9.77 12.21 17.00 15.87 17.57 18.29 17.19 12.96 15.11 10.96 9.62 12.06 16.80 15.62 17.71 18.17 17.28 13.21 14.86 10.72 9.36 11.83 16.57 15.62 17.41 17.90 17.20 13.19 15.14 10.60 9.31 11.79 16.65 15.38 17.36 18.06 17.16 13.06 14.96 10.83 9.47 12.09 16.47 15.08 17.43 18.01 17.16 12.98 2008 14.73 10.69 9.45 11.76 16.64 15.06 17.33 17.92 17.11 13.12 2009 15.04 10.76 9.58 11.81 16.82 15.24 17.64 17.96 17.78 13.89 2010 14.86 10.58 9.51 11.33 16.62 14.90 17.37 17.81 17.71 13.73 2011 14.66 10.35 9.30 11.08 16.29 14.66 17.10 17.30 17.38 14.06 2012 14.46 10.23 9.15 10.96 16.10 14.49 16.79 17.03 17.39 13.80 2013 14.40 10.20 9.12 10.95 16.15 14.34 16.68 16.89 17.39 13.89 2014 14.38 10.45 9.22 10.92 16.19 14.37 16.53 16.84 16.81 14.25 2015 14.69 10.77 9.67 11.08 16.30 14.86 16.57 17.31 17.39 14.30 2016 15.10 10.92 9.92 11.64 16.32 15.10 17.01 17.57 17.48 14.85 2017 15.45 11.28 10.34 11.99 16.53 15.66 17.00 17.66 17.76 15.12 2018 15.45 11.51 10.34 12.33 16.61 15.57 17.46 17.55 17.79 14.79 2019 15.54 12.09 10.33 12.69 17.07 16.09 17.73 17.73 18.07 15.21 2020 16.36 12.69 11.07 13.50 17.86 16.85 18.52 18.90 18.60 15.84 Women 1979 $12.07 $10.63 $10.10 $11.73 $13.00 $13.47 $13.23 $12.80 $12.50 $10.40 1980 11.86 10.36 9.43 11.38 12.73 13.33 12.88 12.70 12.25 10.15 1981 11.73 10.16 9.64 11.21 12.85 13.40 13.07 12.58 12.14 10.16 1982 11.91 9.77 9.17 10.83 12.97 13.41 13.13 12.79 12.40 10.16 1983 11.91 9.48 8.81 10.57 12.98 13.50 13.18 12.88 12.58 10.32 1984 11.83 9.36 8.55 10.38 13.05 13.33 13.36 13.12 12.55 10.40 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older 1985 11.79 1986 1987 Total 16 to 19 years 9.22 8.30 12.06 9.30 12.23 9.21 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 10.48 13.17 13.31 13.59 8.26 10.66 13.46 13.46 8.10 10.68 13.45 13.41 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 13.24 12.55 10.18 13.87 13.55 13.01 10.70 13.86 13.71 13.17 10.59 1988 12.32 9.45 8.25 10.65 13.59 13.42 14.26 13.90 12.83 10.80 1989 12.34 9.47 8.28 10.57 13.70 13.49 14.34 13.94 12.89 10.38 1990 12.41 9.54 8.38 10.73 13.62 13.51 14.20 13.80 12.97 10.50 1991 12.55 9.44 8.62 10.61 13.64 13.36 14.37 14.14 12.92 10.71 1992 12.63 9.36 8.51 10.47 13.88 13.52 14.50 14.41 13.07 10.83 1993 12.60 9.33 8.37 10.55 13.93 13.47 14.44 14.48 13.38 10.94 1994 12.56 9.22 8.37 10.36 13.95 13.48 14.63 14.66 13.55 10.81 1995 12.62 9.29 8.36 10.30 13.82 13.40 14.60 14.75 13.42 10.91 1996 12.73 9.36 8.39 10.31 13.89 13.28 14.65 14.73 13.29 10.63 1997 12.81 9.60 8.74 10.56 14.11 13.23 14.74 14.94 13.40 11.02 1998 13.11 9.94 9.20 11.04 14.54 14.01 15.38 15.57 14.09 11.48 1999 13.46 10.28 9.31 11.25 14.84 14.17 15.31 15.50 14.53 11.68 2000 13.67 10.56 9.40 11.76 14.92 14.62 15.13 15.35 14.84 11.87 2001 14.13 10.63 9.69 11.73 14.96 14.57 15.31 15.91 15.23 11.94 2002 14.27 10.75 9.81 11.70 15.45 14.60 15.84 16.13 15.60 12.60 2003 14.22 10.71 9.66 11.55 15.53 14.82 15.75 16.63 15.59 12.47 2004 13.97 10.59 9.42 11.43 15.43 14.59 15.73 16.41 15.89 12.58 2005 13.69 10.36 9.19 11.29 15.38 14.42 15.72 16.11 15.75 13.04 2006 13.71 10.28 9.15 11.35 15.28 14.25 15.51 15.78 15.60 12.83 2007 13.74 10.20 9.27 11.26 15.08 14.03 15.47 16.08 15.31 12.70 2008 13.84 10.16 9.29 11.04 15.04 14.12 15.53 15.86 15.66 12.69 2009 14.22 10.37 9.46 11.11 15.43 14.46 15.72 15.83 16.43 13.43 2010 14.07 10.25 9.41 10.80 15.32 14.32 15.60 16.05 16.27 13.29 2011 13.82 10.07 9.18 10.57 15.11 13.98 15.50 15.87 16.18 13.56 2012 13.55 9.92 9.06 10.36 14.88 13.73 15.21 15.59 16.23 13.38 2013 13.50 9.94 9.01 10.47 14.88 13.62 15.33 15.52 16.18 13.61 2014 13.33 10.00 9.07 10.69 14.77 13.40 15.32 15.47 15.53 13.64 2015 13.73 10.43 9.56 10.87 15.21 14.09 15.44 16.17 16.14 13.84 2016 14.03 10.79 9.78 11.06 15.35 14.11 15.91 16.15 16.29 14.05 2017 14.32 10.86 10.13 11.62 15.66 14.78 15.76 16.01 16.06 14.66 2018 14.49 11.27 10.22 12.04 15.51 15.09 15.69 15.67 16.10 14.20 2019 15.03 11.73 10.21 12.22 15.77 15.28 16.09 16.16 16.38 14.96 2020 15.22 12.12 10.81 12.98 16.50 15.93 16.95 17.07 17.04 15.03 $18.83 $13.00 $10.63 $15.47 $22.30 $21.27 $23.73 $23.67 $21.97 $11.87 Men 1979 1980 18.32 12.31 10.12 14.77 21.68 20.81 23.45 23.36 21.74 11.38 1981 18.00 11.81 9.97 14.00 21.32 20.08 22.74 23.26 21.59 11.53 1982 17.70 11.32 9.46 13.23 20.88 19.82 22.97 22.95 21.03 11.52 1983 17.17 10.87 9.11 12.53 20.62 19.21 22.88 22.73 21.69 11.79 1984 16.95 10.88 8.86 12.29 20.48 18.76 22.64 23.07 21.10 11.69 1985 16.85 10.76 8.62 12.02 20.34 18.39 22.53 22.92 20.78 11.47 1986 17.17 10.84 8.64 12.29 20.41 18.17 22.60 22.96 21.58 11.72 1987 16.97 10.72 8.62 12.40 20.00 18.03 22.05 22.36 21.22 11.62 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1988 16.69 10.61 8.73 12.22 19.79 17.74 21.56 22.55 20.55 11.65 1989 16.36 10.44 8.87 12.16 19.62 17.29 21.39 21.98 20.20 11.92 1990 15.93 10.48 8.94 11.91 18.96 17.01 20.67 21.45 19.60 11.71 1991 15.97 10.37 8.81 11.58 18.55 16.62 20.41 21.77 18.74 11.56 1992 15.74 10.25 8.71 11.32 18.26 16.37 19.84 21.81 18.86 11.71 1993 15.68 10.18 8.62 11.20 18.02 16.11 19.75 21.50 19.40 11.88 1994 15.60 10.19 8.63 11.37 17.83 15.77 19.93 20.97 19.17 11.51 1995 15.62 10.22 8.70 11.54 18.16 16.01 20.12 20.85 18.80 11.59 1996 15.68 10.16 8.65 11.52 17.76 15.98 19.62 20.43 18.37 11.60 1997 15.85 10.40 9.05 11.58 17.90 16.00 19.47 20.65 19.02 11.23 1998 16.02 11.00 9.52 12.39 18.66 16.27 19.87 20.76 19.46 12.32 1999 16.06 11.09 9.63 12.51 18.69 16.88 19.91 21.31 19.02 12.24 2000 16.30 11.51 10.02 12.65 18.46 16.55 19.82 20.97 19.32 12.53 2001 16.60 11.74 10.12 13.08 18.89 16.98 20.41 20.89 18.99 13.20 2002 16.80 11.62 10.13 12.81 18.83 17.16 20.14 20.78 19.31 14.11 2003 16.77 11.48 9.90 12.69 18.69 16.94 19.93 21.06 19.87 13.81 2004 16.51 11.28 9.82 12.46 18.87 16.52 20.05 20.76 19.97 13.60 2005 16.15 11.18 9.58 12.22 18.47 16.16 19.76 20.09 19.64 13.33 2006 16.32 11.31 9.56 12.55 18.37 16.25 19.38 20.64 19.36 13.80 2007 16.21 11.43 9.72 12.47 18.46 16.06 18.99 20.21 19.34 13.78 2008 16.22 11.13 9.61 12.05 18.11 16.23 19.30 20.27 19.16 13.86 2009 16.64 11.15 9.73 12.08 18.22 15.96 19.47 20.54 19.46 14.51 2010 16.36 10.95 9.62 11.77 17.88 15.58 18.82 20.08 19.56 14.17 2011 15.92 10.65 9.41 11.42 17.43 15.20 18.49 19.47 19.69 14.82 2012 15.68 10.67 9.25 11.27 17.14 15.01 18.14 19.20 19.53 14.72 2013 15.59 10.77 9.32 11.14 17.00 14.94 18.05 19.12 19.24 14.34 2014 15.74 10.82 9.44 11.11 17.24 15.40 18.11 19.05 19.10 15.30 2015 16.03 10.96 9.80 11.63 17.33 15.49 18.01 19.18 19.66 15.46 2016 16.14 11.05 10.23 12.03 17.53 16.00 18.55 19.45 19.47 15.94 2017 16.05 11.61 10.43 12.54 17.95 16.00 18.89 19.79 19.64 15.77 2018 16.51 12.10 10.46 12.56 18.31 16.36 19.01 19.58 20.16 15.36 2019 16.96 12.35 10.69 13.28 18.27 16.83 19.39 19.47 20.04 16.00 2020 17.75 13.08 11.60 14.08 19.18 17.56 20.10 21.05 20.15 16.75 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars] [–] Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total 1979 $14.80 $15.03 $13.70 - $13.60 1980 14.47 14.65 13.33 - 13.33 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1981 14.11 14.19 13.42 - 13.18 1982 13.95 14.13 13.07 - 12.95 1983 13.87 14.04 12.78 - 12.63 1984 13.88 14.05 12.76 - 12.55 1985 13.86 14.02 12.64 - 12.57 1986 14.03 14.21 13.12 - 12.78 1987 14.13 14.32 13.08 - 12.71 1988 14.20 14.37 12.97 - 12.55 1989 14.12 14.30 12.99 - 12.26 1990 13.93 14.12 13.12 - 12.10 1991 13.94 14.14 13.01 - 12.01 1992 14.01 14.19 12.81 - 12.07 1993 13.93 14.11 12.71 - 12.09 1994 13.88 14.06 12.63 - 12.01 1995 13.82 14.08 12.96 - 11.84 1996 13.84 14.12 12.78 - 11.81 1997 14.11 14.32 12.92 - 11.92 1998 14.49 14.68 13.36 - 12.61 1999 14.84 15.17 13.79 - 12.57 2000 14.95 15.02 14.09 $15.19 12.88 2001 14.94 15.04 14.34 15.76 13.28 2002 15.11 15.45 14.33 14.95 13.30 2003 15.30 15.47 14.32 15.68 13.77 2004 15.11 15.29 14.00 15.25 13.48 2005 14.86 15.25 13.51 15.95 13.21 2006 15.14 15.26 13.72 16.13 13.02 2007 14.96 15.12 13.63 15.29 12.82 2008 14.73 15.11 13.49 15.67 13.22 2009 15.04 15.31 14.07 15.91 13.35 2010 14.86 15.15 14.00 15.72 12.94 2011 14.66 14.89 13.60 15.40 12.75 2012 14.46 14.73 13.38 14.95 12.56 2013 14.40 14.64 13.25 15.17 12.53 2014 14.38 14.85 13.00 15.32 12.94 2015 14.69 15.16 13.18 15.51 13.16 2016 15.10 15.36 13.47 15.95 13.69 2017 15.45 15.72 13.62 15.90 13.90 2018 15.45 15.63 14.06 15.71 14.42 2019 15.54 16.04 14.84 16.33 15.04 2020 16.36 16.78 15.17 17.25 15.20 1979 $12.07 $12.07 $11.83 - $11.47 1980 11.86 11.89 11.65 - 11.35 1981 11.73 11.73 11.48 - 11.23 Women Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1982 11.91 11.91 11.60 - 11.19 1983 11.91 11.94 11.71 - 10.97 1984 11.83 11.86 11.60 - 11.07 1985 11.79 11.82 11.59 - 11.08 1986 12.06 12.10 11.70 - 11.31 1987 12.23 12.27 11.79 - 11.16 1988 12.32 12.36 11.84 - 11.14 1989 12.34 12.38 11.88 - 11.17 1990 12.41 12.45 12.00 - 11.18 1991 12.55 12.57 12.17 - 11.12 1992 12.63 12.69 12.05 - 11.20 1993 12.60 12.67 12.16 - 11.17 1994 12.56 12.72 12.01 - 11.09 1995 12.62 12.76 12.05 - 11.17 1996 12.73 12.83 11.86 - 11.15 1997 12.81 12.90 12.24 - 11.00 1998 13.11 13.26 12.58 - 11.50 1999 13.46 13.60 12.66 - 11.62 2000 13.67 13.71 13.36 $14.74 11.90 2001 14.13 14.27 13.42 14.77 12.14 2002 14.27 14.34 13.64 14.57 12.32 2003 14.22 14.26 13.98 15.06 12.52 2004 13.97 14.02 13.64 14.52 12.42 2005 13.69 13.94 13.19 15.46 12.19 2006 13.71 13.86 13.01 15.38 12.23 2007 13.74 13.84 13.08 14.81 12.27 2008 13.84 14.10 12.99 14.76 12.13 2009 14.22 14.30 13.31 15.32 12.20 2010 14.07 14.13 13.32 14.76 12.02 2011 13.82 13.90 13.01 14.76 11.82 2012 13.55 13.65 12.69 14.41 11.54 2013 13.50 13.60 12.85 14.52 11.68 2014 13.33 13.54 12.66 14.47 11.73 2015 13.73 14.01 12.79 15.08 12.11 2016 14.03 14.24 13.04 15.18 12.72 2017 14.32 14.65 13.25 15.03 12.77 2018 14.49 14.71 13.42 15.41 13.20 2019 15.03 15.11 14.17 15.48 13.91 2020 15.22 15.31 14.95 16.56 14.68 $18.83 $19.30 $16.30 - $15.97 Men 1979 1980 18.32 18.71 15.56 - 15.11 1981 18.00 18.38 15.92 - 14.71 1982 17.70 18.04 15.43 - 14.81 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1983 17.17 17.54 14.79 - 14.42 1984 16.95 17.29 14.67 - 14.38 1985 16.85 17.43 14.14 - 13.95 1986 17.17 17.60 14.86 - 14.00 1987 16.97 17.31 14.72 - 13.91 1988 16.69 17.00 14.64 - 13.73 1989 16.36 16.73 14.28 - 13.45 1990 15.93 16.47 14.20 - 12.99 1991 15.97 16.39 14.07 - 12.79 1992 15.74 16.13 13.83 - 12.69 1993 15.68 16.05 13.58 - 12.60 1994 15.60 15.96 13.73 - 12.43 1995 15.62 16.28 13.81 - 12.28 1996 15.68 16.13 13.48 - 12.55 1997 15.85 16.06 13.98 - 12.74 1998 16.02 16.21 14.47 - 13.12 1999 16.06 16.53 15.22 - 13.41 2000 16.30 16.52 15.05 $16.27 13.63 2001 16.60 17.02 14.93 17.36 14.18 2002 16.80 17.11 14.78 15.90 14.31 2003 16.77 16.97 15.25 16.77 14.15 2004 16.51 16.70 14.95 16.35 13.76 2005 16.15 16.56 14.48 16.93 13.53 2006 16.32 16.58 14.70 16.96 13.95 2007 16.21 16.55 14.48 16.55 13.85 2008 16.22 16.69 14.45 16.90 14.25 2009 16.64 16.87 14.84 16.94 14.41 2010 16.36 16.61 14.46 16.78 13.95 2011 15.92 16.17 13.91 16.44 13.62 2012 15.68 16.01 13.79 15.99 13.51 2013 15.59 15.86 13.54 15.86 13.35 2014 15.74 16.26 13.36 16.04 13.54 2015 16.03 16.32 13.84 16.25 14.12 2016 16.14 16.32 14.09 16.22 14.92 2017 16.05 16.67 14.09 17.58 15.17 2018 16.51 17.04 14.66 17.21 15.47 2019 16.96 17.31 15.16 17.43 15.44 2020 17.75 17.98 15.88 18.04 16.24 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars] [–] Year Total Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1979 $241 $172 $144 $186 $265 $255 $280 $276 $262 $198 1980 262 187 154 200 286 276 302 298 285 203 1981 284 200 161 213 308 296 326 320 309 222 1982 302 208 164 220 327 311 354 345 325 253 1983 313 211 164 223 343 321 370 367 346 261 1984 326 217 169 231 362 335 389 385 366 272 1985 344 224 174 240 379 349 406 400 381 297 1986 359 232 178 248 391 360 419 416 397 298 1987 374 243 186 259 403 373 435 429 405 310 1988 385 249 196 266 414 383 450 453 419 323 1989 399 259 204 276 427 394 472 472 431 334 1990 412 269 209 285 449 407 486 489 457 343 1991 426 277 213 291 467 415 498 507 469 381 1992 440 276 212 290 479 422 503 522 483 378 1993 459 282 214 297 491 436 517 542 492 393 1994 467 286 221 300 500 439 537 566 501 384 1995 479 292 231 306 510 451 550 582 514 389 1996 490 298 240 312 520 463 559 594 535 384 1997 503 306 252 321 540 481 579 607 558 393 1998 523 319 268 339 572 502 597 620 592 405 1999 549 341 281 363 592 518 611 652 604 404 2000 576 361 297 383 609 549 625 669 620 463 2001 596 375 305 394 630 576 657 693 638 488 2002 608 381 305 399 646 591 668 706 674 502 2003 620 387 311 402 662 594 687 723 708 516 2004 638 390 309 406 683 604 713 743 725 560 2005 651 397 318 411 696 610 731 748 742 569 2006 671 409 324 423 718 621 748 773 765 583 2007 695 424 337 450 738 643 769 790 803 605 2008 722 443 349 467 761 666 804 822 825 644 2009 739 442 344 464 774 678 817 838 841 684 2010 747 432 347 454 782 682 824 844 860 684 2011 756 440 352 457 797 693 837 866 881 742 2012 768 444 356 464 815 707 858 878 897 757 2013 776 454 373 472 827 708 874 883 904 801 2014 791 477 378 491 839 726 881 899 911 824 2015 809 487 389 501 860 735 900 923 927 873 2016 832 501 405 513 885 751 934 955 952 866 2017 860 519 424 540 907 773 964 977 974 909 2018 886 548 449 576 932 808 986 1,002 994 944 2019 917 581 481 598 969 846 1,035 1,033 1,017 936 2020 984 606 497 624 1,029 904 1,106 1,129 1,096 999 Women 1979 $182 $154 $132 $161 $195 $199 $196 $192 $189 $170 1980 201 167 145 175 213 218 214 209 205 175 1981 219 180 154 191 233 239 238 225 222 189 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year 1982 Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 239 192 158 201 255 258 258 252 245 211 1983 252 198 158 207 268 272 272 264 257 212 1984 265 203 162 213 283 285 292 279 270 219 1985 277 211 166 221 296 296 307 292 285 242 1986 291 219 170 231 308 306 319 308 296 256 1987 303 227 172 242 321 316 337 324 308 261 1988 315 235 184 251 335 327 354 339 317 280 1989 328 246 197 260 351 340 370 357 333 292 1990 346 254 198 269 369 356 390 377 348 300 1991 366 266 205 280 387 371 407 398 363 319 1992 380 267 205 280 400 382 418 417 376 328 1993 393 273 205 289 415 395 435 440 395 335 1994 399 276 211 290 421 397 448 450 398 336 1995 406 275 215 291 428 403 453 464 403 353 1996 418 284 223 298 444 415 463 481 420 334 1997 431 292 240 306 462 427 482 495 433 348 1998 456 305 249 319 485 451 498 516 476 350 1999 473 324 266 343 497 470 503 534 492 370 2000 493 344 283 366 516 493 521 564 508 392 2001 512 353 288 375 543 512 547 587 536 390 2002 529 367 295 385 568 530 571 602 574 430 2003 552 371 299 387 584 546 590 609 601 435 2004 573 375 293 391 599 561 608 625 615 478 2005 585 381 304 396 612 573 621 644 639 492 2006 600 395 305 413 627 583 645 659 658 510 2007 614 409 318 426 646 597 668 677 679 534 2008 638 420 322 445 670 623 682 707 711 563 2009 657 424 323 445 687 634 709 712 727 602 2010 669 422 336 439 704 648 731 730 736 601 2011 684 421 328 438 718 662 734 744 749 664 2012 691 416 330 429 727 666 747 746 766 667 2013 706 423 350 442 740 665 767 761 779 691 2014 719 451 357 468 752 679 781 780 780 740 2015 726 450 364 468 761 690 804 799 784 740 2016 749 486 388 500 784 705 839 836 812 749 2017 770 499 402 514 810 724 860 855 856 782 2018 789 522 421 546 830 750 876 876 853 811 2019 821 540 427 563 865 788 920 904 880 815 2020 891 589 464 606 929 852 978 977 955 897 Men 1979 $292 $196 $155 $211 $314 $295 $336 $338 $312 $219 1980 313 208 162 224 339 314 367 367 345 229 1981 340 218 168 237 372 340 397 396 377 266 1982 364 225 170 244 393 358 422 419 399 300 1983 379 223 168 242 407 371 442 444 416 308 1984 392 231 174 250 422 382 471 470 439 328 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 16 to 24 years Total, 16 years and older Year Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1985 407 241 183 258 443 394 487 489 467 367 1986 419 246 186 264 463 402 499 506 484 358 1987 434 257 196 275 477 412 510 520 495 380 1988 449 262 205 279 487 421 517 549 509 395 1989 468 271 209 290 500 434 542 569 521 393 1990 481 282 218 298 512 449 560 591 546 403 1991 493 285 219 300 523 458 576 612 563 467 1992 501 284 218 297 536 466 581 634 579 421 1993 510 288 221 303 555 476 596 653 586 451 1994 522 294 228 307 576 479 617 671 603 441 1995 538 303 244 315 588 490 624 685 623 441 1996 557 307 251 321 599 499 632 698 643 477 1997 579 317 262 338 615 515 651 713 669 452 1998 598 334 281 357 639 544 677 732 699 482 1999 618 356 291 379 668 577 702 763 725 470 2000 641 375 306 395 693 598 728 771 735 522 2001 670 391 319 408 720 617 754 799 760 565 2002 679 391 312 410 732 627 759 807 802 583 2003 695 398 321 412 744 628 775 834 827 612 2004 713 400 318 417 762 639 804 857 843 641 2005 722 409 330 422 771 644 822 853 855 644 2006 743 418 348 435 797 661 836 897 902 658 2007 766 443 357 472 823 687 873 909 933 686 2008 798 461 369 481 857 704 915 944 943 753 2009 819 458 356 479 873 715 916 967 965 791 2010 824 443 355 468 874 714 915 954 979 794 2011 832 455 370 470 886 717 935 979 997 821 2012 854 468 373 482 910 738 957 994 1,005 860 2013 860 479 390 492 912 744 956 994 1,011 937 2014 871 493 392 507 922 755 964 1,011 1,021 942 2015 895 510 407 522 947 770 983 1,040 1,064 1,003 2016 915 512 419 523 969 794 1,007 1,075 1,102 992 2017 941 547 459 570 996 821 1,062 1,103 1,098 1,016 2018 973 575 471 592 1,026 862 1,101 1,137 1,137 1,050 2019 1,007 607 506 623 1,070 897 1,149 1,169 1,166 1,066 2020 1,082 622 513 648 1,144 952 1,205 1,260 1,228 1,115 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars] [–] Year Total, 16 years and older Black or African American White Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Asian Total 1979 $241 $248 $199 - $194 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older Black or African American White Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Asian 1980 262 269 212 - 209 1981 284 291 235 - 223 1982 302 310 245 - 240 1983 313 320 261 - 250 1984 326 336 269 - 259 1985 344 356 277 - 270 1986 359 371 291 - 277 1987 374 384 301 - 285 1988 385 395 314 - 290 1989 399 409 319 - 298 1990 412 424 329 - 304 1991 426 442 348 - 312 1992 440 458 357 - 321 1993 459 475 369 - 331 1994 467 484 371 - 324 1995 479 494 383 - 329 1996 490 506 387 - 339 1997 503 519 400 - 351 1998 523 545 426 - 370 1999 549 573 445 - 385 2000 576 590 474 $615 399 2001 596 610 491 639 417 2002 608 623 498 658 424 2003 620 636 514 693 440 2004 638 657 525 708 456 2005 651 672 520 753 471 2006 671 690 554 784 486 2007 695 716 569 830 503 2008 722 742 589 861 529 2009 739 757 601 880 541 2010 747 765 611 855 535 2011 756 775 615 866 549 2012 768 792 621 920 568 2013 776 802 629 942 578 2014 791 816 639 953 594 2015 809 835 641 993 604 2016 832 862 678 1,021 624 2017 860 890 682 1,043 655 2018 886 916 694 1,095 680 2019 917 945 735 1,174 706 2020 984 1,003 794 1,310 758 1979 $182 $184 $169 - $157 1980 201 203 185 - 172 1981 219 221 206 - 190 Women Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older Black or African American White Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Asian 1982 239 242 217 - 203 1983 252 254 232 - 215 1984 265 268 241 - 223 1985 277 281 252 - 230 1986 291 294 264 - 241 1987 303 307 276 - 251 1988 315 318 288 - 260 1989 328 334 301 - 269 1990 346 353 308 - 278 1991 366 373 323 - 292 1992 380 387 335 - 302 1993 393 401 348 - 313 1994 399 408 346 - 305 1995 406 415 355 - 305 1996 418 428 362 - 316 1997 431 444 375 - 318 1998 456 468 400 - 337 1999 473 483 409 - 348 2000 493 502 429 $547 366 2001 512 522 454 563 388 2002 529 547 473 566 397 2003 552 567 491 598 410 2004 573 584 505 613 419 2005 585 596 499 665 429 2006 600 609 519 699 440 2007 614 626 533 731 473 2008 638 654 554 753 501 2009 657 669 582 779 509 2010 669 684 592 773 508 2011 684 703 595 751 518 2012 691 710 599 770 521 2013 706 722 606 819 541 2014 719 734 611 841 548 2015 726 743 615 877 566 2016 749 766 641 902 586 2017 770 795 657 903 603 2018 789 817 654 937 617 2019 821 840 704 1,025 642 2020 891 905 764 1,143 705 1979 $292 $298 $227 - $219 1980 313 320 244 - 234 1981 340 350 268 - 251 1982 364 375 278 - 269 1983 379 387 294 - 274 Men Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total, 16 years and older Year Black or African American White Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Asian 1984 392 401 303 - 287 1985 407 418 305 - 296 1986 419 433 319 - 299 1987 434 450 327 - 306 1988 449 465 348 - 308 1989 468 482 348 - 315 1990 481 494 361 - 318 1991 493 506 375 - 323 1992 501 514 380 - 339 1993 510 524 392 - 346 1994 522 547 400 - 343 1995 538 566 411 - 350 1996 557 580 412 - 356 1997 579 595 432 - 371 1998 598 615 468 - 390 1999 618 638 488 - 406 2000 641 662 510 $685 417 2001 670 689 529 732 440 2002 679 702 524 756 451 2003 695 715 555 772 464 2004 713 732 569 802 480 2005 722 743 559 825 489 2006 743 761 591 882 505 2007 766 788 600 936 520 2008 798 825 620 966 559 2009 819 845 621 952 569 2010 824 850 633 936 560 2011 832 856 653 970 571 2012 854 879 665 1,055 592 2013 860 884 664 1,059 594 2014 871 897 680 1,080 616 2015 895 920 680 1,129 631 2016 915 942 718 1,151 663 2017 941 971 710 1,207 690 2018 973 1,002 735 1,241 720 2019 1,007 1,036 769 1,336 747 2020 1,082 1,110 830 1,447 797 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars] [–] Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher Total 1979 $265 $210 $249 $282 $344 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher 1980 286 222 266 304 376 1981 308 240 286 324 407 1982 327 248 302 351 438 1983 343 256 311 363 461 1984 362 263 323 382 486 1985 379 270 333 399 506 1986 391 278 344 409 525 1987 403 284 356 421 564 1988 414 288 368 430 585 1989 427 297 375 452 609 1990 449 303 386 476 638 1991 467 307 397 489 666 1992 479 311 403 484 696 1993 491 314 415 494 715 1994 500 307 421 499 733 1995 510 309 432 508 747 1996 520 317 443 518 758 1997 540 321 461 535 779 1998 572 337 479 558 821 1999 592 346 490 580 860 2000 609 362 505 596 891 2001 630 382 520 617 921 2002 646 388 535 629 941 2003 662 396 554 639 964 2004 683 401 574 661 986 2005 696 409 583 670 1,013 2006 718 419 595 692 1,039 2007 738 428 604 704 1,072 2008 761 453 618 722 1,115 2009 774 454 626 726 1,137 2010 782 444 626 734 1,144 2011 797 451 638 739 1,150 2012 815 471 652 749 1,165 2013 827 472 651 748 1,194 2014 839 488 668 761 1,193 2015 860 493 678 762 1,230 2016 885 504 692 779 1,259 2017 907 520 712 798 1,279 2018 932 553 730 826 1,324 2019 969 592 746 856 1,367 2020 1,029 619 781 903 1,421 Women 1979 $195 $152 $185 $211 $264 1980 213 164 201 231 290 1981 233 175 217 255 318 1982 255 184 236 274 346 1983 268 195 246 288 369 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher 1984 283 200 259 305 390 1985 296 202 268 317 414 1986 308 208 277 330 436 1987 321 214 288 347 466 1988 335 221 298 360 485 1989 351 231 304 379 507 1990 369 240 315 395 535 1991 387 250 328 409 562 1992 400 256 337 407 594 1993 415 263 347 422 611 1994 421 257 351 423 634 1995 428 262 356 427 644 1996 444 268 365 442 657 1997 462 275 378 459 672 1998 485 283 396 476 707 1999 497 290 405 488 740 2000 516 304 420 505 756 2001 543 316 443 520 786 2002 568 325 458 543 809 2003 584 329 474 560 832 2004 599 334 488 577 860 2005 612 341 493 587 883 2006 627 358 500 602 905 2007 646 369 512 609 932 2008 670 378 520 628 955 2009 687 382 542 630 970 2010 704 388 543 638 986 2011 718 395 554 645 998 2012 727 386 561 659 1,001 2013 740 400 573 657 1,043 2014 752 409 578 661 1,049 2015 761 418 586 664 1,064 2016 784 423 599 688 1,101 2017 810 447 610 700 1,131 2018 830 469 616 717 1,145 2019 865 494 633 737 1,195 2020 929 525 671 779 1,239 Men 1979 $314 $252 $308 $329 $396 1980 339 267 327 358 427 1981 372 286 356 389 475 1982 393 293 374 411 503 1983 407 301 388 422 518 1984 422 308 399 446 562 1985 443 314 407 472 590 1986 463 321 416 485 618 1987 477 324 423 497 653 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher 1988 487 332 437 503 679 1989 500 346 450 517 705 1990 512 349 459 542 741 1991 523 349 470 563 764 1992 536 351 479 555 791 1993 555 356 487 572 806 1994 576 342 496 587 826 1995 588 347 507 596 845 1996 599 357 516 604 874 1997 615 365 535 621 896 1998 639 383 559 643 939 1999 668 395 580 665 977 2000 693 406 591 691 1,020 2001 720 419 609 723 1,067 2002 732 421 617 731 1,090 2003 744 429 628 740 1,131 2004 762 446 645 761 1,143 2005 771 455 652 766 1,167 2006 797 469 678 796 1,205 2007 823 481 689 810 1,243 2008 857 497 709 830 1,285 2009 873 500 716 835 1,327 2010 874 486 710 845 1,330 2011 886 488 720 840 1,332 2012 910 508 735 857 1,371 2013 912 500 732 858 1,395 2014 922 517 751 872 1,385 2015 947 520 759 883 1,420 2016 969 551 769 896 1,464 2017 996 584 797 917 1,481 2018 1,026 607 819 951 1,524 2019 1,070 644 844 991 1,573 2020 1,144 674 881 1,027 1,644 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars] [–] Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older Total 1979 $4.44 $3.49 $3.10 $4.02 $5.11 $5.20 $5.29 $5.16 $4.97 $3.23 1980 4.82 3.71 3.22 4.29 5.55 5.66 5.76 5.65 5.39 3.56 1981 5.15 3.97 3.58 4.61 5.99 6.09 6.20 6.01 5.81 3.92 1982 5.40 4.05 3.60 4.66 6.28 6.35 6.61 6.42 6.11 4.12 1983 5.59 4.08 3.61 4.69 6.55 6.50 6.91 6.73 6.41 4.40 1984 5.83 4.18 3.65 4.82 6.84 6.77 7.17 7.08 6.62 4.63 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1985 6.03 4.26 3.67 4.94 7.05 6.92 7.49 7.37 6.91 4.74 1986 6.20 4.41 3.71 5.06 7.23 7.01 7.79 7.73 7.17 4.97 1987 6.47 4.59 3.81 5.21 7.46 7.19 7.94 7.86 7.42 5.08 1988 6.73 4.79 4.03 5.38 7.74 7.43 8.17 8.16 7.48 5.23 1989 6.99 4.95 4.22 5.65 7.94 7.64 8.56 8.42 7.82 5.42 1990 7.23 5.16 4.49 5.91 8.16 7.90 8.82 8.79 8.02 5.75 1991 7.50 5.26 4.69 6.00 8.48 8.04 9.17 9.11 8.19 5.94 1992 7.72 5.37 4.73 6.03 8.73 8.17 9.38 9.52 8.48 6.14 1993 7.87 5.51 4.80 6.15 8.95 8.27 9.61 9.86 8.90 6.39 1994 8.01 5.62 4.91 6.22 9.12 8.38 9.92 10.02 9.02 6.39 1995 8.17 5.80 5.04 6.42 9.36 8.71 10.02 10.13 9.20 6.65 1996 8.40 5.94 5.17 6.69 9.62 8.82 10.14 10.24 9.39 6.77 1997 8.75 6.15 5.51 6.91 9.87 9.04 10.36 10.60 9.73 6.89 1998 9.10 6.58 5.88 7.24 10.13 9.65 10.86 10.96 10.08 7.40 1999 9.53 6.87 6.08 7.74 10.47 9.98 11.02 11.33 10.38 7.70 2000 9.91 7.24 6.41 8.07 10.88 10.18 11.35 11.82 10.82 8.05 2001 10.19 7.69 6.76 8.38 11.40 10.67 11.97 12.17 11.37 8.53 2002 10.47 7.81 6.91 8.47 11.83 10.98 12.18 12.46 11.85 9.07 2003 10.85 7.90 6.93 8.66 12.05 11.25 12.46 12.97 12.19 9.19 2004 11.00 7.98 7.00 8.78 12.23 11.37 12.89 13.23 12.58 9.62 2005 11.19 8.07 7.05 8.91 12.48 11.76 13.11 13.48 12.95 9.93 2006 11.76 8.24 7.23 9.16 12.94 11.95 13.49 14.03 13.33 10.15 2007 11.95 8.65 7.57 9.66 13.16 12.05 13.93 14.39 13.71 10.37 2008 12.23 8.87 7.84 9.76 13.81 12.50 14.38 14.87 14.20 10.89 2009 12.44 8.90 7.92 9.77 13.91 12.60 14.59 14.85 14.70 11.49 2010 12.50 8.90 8.00 9.53 13.98 12.53 14.61 14.98 14.89 11.55 2011 12.71 8.97 8.06 9.61 14.12 12.71 14.83 15.00 15.07 12.19 2012 12.80 9.05 8.10 9.70 14.25 12.82 14.86 15.07 15.39 12.21 2013 12.93 9.16 8.19 9.83 14.50 12.88 14.98 15.17 15.62 12.47 2014 13.14 9.55 8.43 9.98 14.80 13.13 15.11 15.39 15.36 13.02 2015 13.44 9.85 8.85 10.14 14.91 13.60 15.16 15.84 15.91 13.08 2016 14.00 10.12 9.20 10.79 15.13 14.00 15.77 16.29 16.20 13.77 2017 14.63 10.68 9.79 11.35 15.65 14.83 16.10 16.72 16.82 14.32 2018 14.99 11.16 10.03 11.96 16.11 15.10 16.94 17.02 17.26 14.35 2019 15.35 11.94 10.21 12.54 16.87 15.90 17.52 17.52 17.85 15.03 2020 16.36 12.69 11.07 13.50 17.86 16.85 18.52 18.90 18.60 15.84 Women 1979 $3.62 $3.19 $3.03 $3.52 $3.90 $4.04 $3.97 $3.84 $3.75 $3.12 1980 3.95 3.45 3.14 3.79 4.24 4.44 4.29 4.23 4.08 3.38 1981 4.28 3.71 3.52 4.09 4.69 4.89 4.77 4.59 4.43 3.71 1982 4.61 3.78 3.55 4.19 5.02 5.19 5.08 4.95 4.80 3.93 1983 4.80 3.82 3.55 4.26 5.23 5.44 5.31 5.19 5.07 4.16 1984 4.97 3.93 3.59 4.36 5.48 5.60 5.61 5.51 5.27 4.37 1985 5.13 4.01 3.61 4.56 5.73 5.79 5.91 5.76 5.46 4.43 1986 5.33 4.11 3.65 4.71 5.95 5.95 6.13 5.99 5.75 4.73 1987 5.60 4.22 3.71 4.89 6.16 6.14 6.35 6.28 6.03 4.85 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1988 5.84 4.48 3.91 5.05 6.44 6.36 6.76 6.59 6.08 5.12 1989 6.11 4.69 4.10 5.23 6.78 6.68 7.10 6.90 6.38 5.14 1990 6.44 4.95 4.35 5.57 7.07 7.01 7.37 7.16 6.73 5.45 1991 6.75 5.08 4.64 5.71 7.34 7.19 7.73 7.61 6.95 5.76 1992 6.96 5.16 4.69 5.77 7.65 7.45 7.99 7.94 7.20 5.97 1993 7.12 5.27 4.73 5.96 7.87 7.61 8.16 8.18 7.56 6.18 1994 7.25 5.32 4.83 5.98 8.05 7.78 8.44 8.46 7.82 6.24 1995 7.46 5.49 4.94 6.09 8.17 7.92 8.63 8.72 7.93 6.45 1996 7.73 5.68 5.09 6.26 8.43 8.06 8.89 8.94 8.07 6.45 1997 7.94 5.95 5.42 6.55 8.75 8.20 9.14 9.26 8.31 6.83 1998 8.23 6.24 5.78 6.93 9.13 8.80 9.66 9.78 8.85 7.21 1999 8.64 6.60 5.98 7.22 9.53 9.10 9.83 9.95 9.33 7.50 2000 9.06 7.00 6.23 7.80 9.89 9.69 10.03 10.18 9.84 7.87 2001 9.64 7.25 6.61 8.00 10.20 9.94 10.44 10.85 10.39 8.14 2002 9.89 7.45 6.80 8.11 10.71 10.12 10.98 11.18 10.81 8.73 2003 10.08 7.59 6.85 8.19 11.01 10.51 11.17 11.79 11.05 8.84 2004 10.17 7.71 6.86 8.32 11.23 10.62 11.45 11.95 11.57 9.16 2005 10.31 7.80 6.92 8.50 11.58 10.86 11.84 12.13 11.86 9.82 2006 10.65 7.99 7.11 8.82 11.87 11.07 12.05 12.26 12.12 9.97 2007 10.98 8.15 7.41 9.00 12.05 11.21 12.36 12.85 12.23 10.15 2008 11.49 8.43 7.71 9.16 12.48 11.72 12.89 13.16 13.00 10.53 2009 11.76 8.58 7.82 9.19 12.76 11.96 13.00 13.09 13.59 11.11 2010 11.83 8.62 7.91 9.08 12.88 12.04 13.12 13.50 13.68 11.18 2011 11.98 8.73 7.96 9.16 13.10 12.12 13.44 13.76 14.03 11.76 2012 11.99 8.78 8.02 9.17 13.17 12.15 13.46 13.80 14.36 11.84 2013 12.12 8.93 8.09 9.40 13.36 12.23 13.77 13.94 14.53 12.22 2014 12.18 9.14 8.29 9.77 13.50 12.25 14.00 14.14 14.19 12.47 2015 12.56 9.54 8.75 9.95 13.92 12.89 14.13 14.80 14.77 12.66 2016 13.01 10.00 9.07 10.25 14.23 13.08 14.75 14.97 15.10 13.02 2017 13.56 10.28 9.59 11.00 14.83 14.00 14.92 15.16 15.21 13.88 2018 14.06 10.93 9.91 11.68 15.04 14.64 15.22 15.20 15.62 13.77 2019 14.85 11.59 10.09 12.07 15.58 15.10 15.90 15.97 16.18 14.78 2020 15.22 12.12 10.81 12.98 16.50 15.93 16.95 17.07 17.04 15.03 1979 $5.65 $3.90 $3.19 $4.64 $6.69 $6.38 $7.12 $7.10 $6.59 $3.56 1980 6.10 4.10 3.37 4.92 7.22 6.93 7.81 7.78 7.24 3.79 1981 6.57 4.31 3.64 5.11 7.78 7.33 8.30 8.49 7.88 4.21 1982 6.85 4.38 3.66 5.12 8.08 7.67 8.89 8.88 8.14 4.46 1983 6.92 4.38 3.67 5.05 8.31 7.74 9.22 9.16 8.74 4.75 1984 7.12 4.57 3.72 5.16 8.60 7.88 9.51 9.69 8.86 4.91 1985 7.33 4.68 3.75 5.23 8.85 8.00 9.80 9.97 9.04 4.99 1986 7.59 4.79 3.82 5.43 9.02 8.03 9.99 10.15 9.54 5.18 1987 7.77 4.91 3.95 5.68 9.16 8.26 10.10 10.24 9.72 5.32 1988 7.91 5.03 4.14 5.79 9.38 8.41 10.22 10.69 9.74 5.52 1989 8.10 5.17 4.39 6.02 9.71 8.56 10.59 10.88 10.00 5.90 1990 8.27 5.44 4.64 6.18 9.84 8.83 10.73 11.13 10.17 6.08 Men Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year 16 to 24 years Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 45 to 54 years 35 to 44 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1991 8.59 5.58 4.74 6.23 9.98 8.94 10.98 11.71 10.08 6.22 1992 8.67 5.65 4.80 6.24 10.06 9.02 10.93 12.02 10.39 6.45 1993 8.86 5.75 4.87 6.33 10.18 9.10 11.16 12.15 10.96 6.71 1994 9.00 5.88 4.98 6.56 10.29 9.10 11.50 12.10 11.06 6.64 1995 9.23 6.04 5.14 6.82 10.73 9.46 11.89 12.32 11.11 6.85 1996 9.52 6.17 5.25 6.99 10.78 9.70 11.91 12.40 11.15 7.04 1997 9.83 6.45 5.61 7.18 11.10 9.92 12.07 12.80 11.79 6.96 1998 10.06 6.91 5.98 7.78 11.72 10.22 12.48 13.04 12.22 7.74 1999 10.31 7.12 6.18 8.03 12.00 10.84 12.78 13.68 12.21 7.86 2000 10.81 7.63 6.64 8.39 12.24 10.97 13.14 13.90 12.81 8.31 2001 11.32 8.01 6.90 8.92 12.88 11.58 13.92 14.25 12.95 9.00 2002 11.64 8.05 7.02 8.88 13.05 11.89 13.96 14.40 13.38 9.78 2003 11.89 8.14 7.02 9.00 13.25 12.01 14.13 14.93 14.09 9.79 2004 12.02 8.21 7.15 9.07 13.74 12.03 14.60 15.11 14.54 9.90 2005 12.16 8.42 7.21 9.20 13.91 12.17 14.88 15.13 14.79 10.04 2006 12.68 8.79 7.43 9.75 14.27 12.63 15.06 16.04 15.04 10.72 2007 12.95 9.13 7.77 9.96 14.75 12.83 15.17 16.15 15.45 11.01 2008 13.46 9.24 7.98 10.00 15.03 13.47 16.02 16.82 15.90 11.50 2009 13.76 9.22 8.05 9.99 15.07 13.20 16.10 16.99 16.09 12.00 2010 13.76 9.21 8.09 9.90 15.04 13.10 15.83 16.89 16.45 11.92 2011 13.80 9.23 8.16 9.90 15.11 13.18 16.03 16.88 17.07 12.85 2012 13.88 9.44 8.19 9.97 15.17 13.28 16.05 16.99 17.28 13.03 2013 14.00 9.67 8.37 10.00 15.27 13.42 16.21 17.17 17.28 12.88 2014 14.39 9.89 8.63 10.15 15.76 14.08 16.55 17.41 17.46 13.98 2015 14.67 10.03 8.97 10.64 15.86 14.17 16.48 17.55 17.99 14.15 2016 14.96 10.24 9.48 11.15 16.25 14.83 17.20 18.03 18.05 14.78 2017 15.20 10.99 9.88 11.88 17.00 15.15 17.89 18.74 18.60 14.93 2018 16.01 11.74 10.15 12.18 17.76 15.87 18.44 18.99 19.56 14.90 2019 16.76 12.20 10.56 13.12 18.05 16.63 19.16 19.24 19.80 15.81 2020 17.75 13.08 11.60 14.08 19.18 17.56 20.10 21.05 20.15 16.75 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars] [—] Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total 1979 $4.44 $4.51 $4.11 - $4.08 1980 4.82 4.88 4.44 - 4.44 1981 5.15 5.18 4.90 - 4.81 1982 5.40 5.47 5.06 - 5.01 1983 5.59 5.66 5.15 - 5.09 1984 5.83 5.90 5.36 - 5.27 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1985 6.03 6.10 5.50 - 5.47 1986 6.20 6.28 5.80 - 5.65 1987 6.47 6.56 5.99 - 5.82 1988 6.73 6.81 6.15 - 5.95 1989 6.99 7.08 6.43 - 6.07 1990 7.23 7.33 6.81 - 6.28 1991 7.50 7.61 7.00 - 6.46 1992 7.72 7.82 7.06 - 6.65 1993 7.87 7.97 7.18 - 6.83 1994 8.01 8.11 7.29 - 6.93 1995 8.17 8.32 7.66 - 7.00 1996 8.40 8.57 7.76 - 7.17 1997 8.75 8.88 8.01 - 7.39 1998 9.10 9.22 8.39 - 7.92 1999 9.53 9.74 8.85 - 8.07 2000 9.91 9.96 9.34 $10.07 8.54 2001 10.19 10.26 9.78 10.75 9.06 2002 10.47 10.71 9.93 10.36 9.22 2003 10.85 10.97 10.15 11.12 9.76 2004 11.00 11.13 10.19 11.10 9.81 2005 11.19 11.48 10.17 12.01 9.95 2006 11.76 11.86 10.66 12.53 10.12 2007 11.95 12.08 10.89 12.22 10.24 2008 12.23 12.54 11.20 13.01 10.97 2009 12.44 12.66 11.64 13.16 11.04 2010 12.50 12.74 11.77 13.22 10.88 2011 12.71 12.91 11.79 13.35 11.05 2012 12.80 13.04 11.84 13.23 11.12 2013 12.93 13.15 11.90 13.62 11.25 2014 13.14 13.57 11.88 14.00 11.83 2015 13.44 13.87 12.06 14.19 12.04 2016 14.00 14.24 12.49 14.79 12.69 2017 14.63 14.89 12.90 15.06 13.16 2018 14.99 15.16 13.64 15.24 13.99 2019 15.35 15.85 14.66 16.13 14.86 2020 16.36 16.78 15.17 17.25 15.20 Women 1979 $3.62 $3.62 $3.55 - $3.44 1980 3.95 3.96 3.88 - 3.78 1981 4.28 4.28 4.19 - 4.10 1982 4.61 4.61 4.49 - 4.33 1983 4.80 4.81 4.72 - 4.42 1984 4.97 4.98 4.87 - 4.65 1985 5.13 5.14 5.04 - 4.82 1986 5.33 5.35 5.17 - 5.00 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1987 5.60 5.62 5.40 - 5.11 1988 5.84 5.86 5.61 - 5.28 1989 6.11 6.13 5.88 - 5.53 1990 6.44 6.46 6.23 - 5.80 1991 6.75 6.76 6.55 - 5.98 1992 6.96 6.99 6.64 - 6.17 1993 7.12 7.16 6.87 - 6.31 1994 7.25 7.34 6.93 - 6.40 1995 7.46 7.54 7.12 - 6.60 1996 7.73 7.79 7.20 - 6.77 1997 7.94 8.00 7.59 - 6.82 1998 8.23 8.33 7.90 - 7.22 1999 8.64 8.73 8.13 - 7.46 2000 9.06 9.09 8.86 $9.77 7.89 2001 9.64 9.73 9.15 10.07 8.28 2002 9.89 9.94 9.45 10.10 8.54 2003 10.08 10.11 9.91 10.68 8.88 2004 10.17 10.21 9.93 10.57 9.04 2005 10.31 10.50 9.93 11.64 9.18 2006 10.65 10.77 10.11 11.95 9.50 2007 10.98 11.06 10.45 11.83 9.80 2008 11.49 11.70 10.78 12.25 10.07 2009 11.76 11.83 11.01 12.67 10.09 2010 11.83 11.88 11.20 12.41 10.11 2011 11.98 12.05 11.28 12.80 10.25 2012 11.99 12.08 11.23 12.75 10.21 2013 12.12 12.21 11.54 13.04 10.49 2014 12.18 12.38 11.57 13.23 10.72 2015 12.56 12.82 11.70 13.80 11.08 2016 13.01 13.20 12.09 14.07 11.79 2017 13.56 13.87 12.55 14.23 12.09 2018 14.06 14.27 13.02 14.95 12.80 2019 14.85 14.93 14.00 15.29 13.74 2020 15.22 15.31 14.95 16.56 14.68 Men 1979 $5.65 $5.79 $4.89 - $4.79 1980 6.10 6.23 5.18 - 5.03 1981 6.57 6.71 5.81 - 5.37 1982 6.85 6.98 5.97 - 5.73 1983 6.92 7.07 5.96 - 5.81 1984 7.12 7.26 6.16 - 6.04 1985 7.33 7.58 6.15 - 6.07 1986 7.59 7.78 6.57 - 6.19 1987 7.77 7.93 6.74 - 6.37 1988 7.91 8.06 6.94 - 6.51 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1989 8.10 8.28 7.07 - 6.66 1990 8.27 8.55 7.37 - 6.74 1991 8.59 8.82 7.57 - 6.88 1992 8.67 8.89 7.62 - 6.99 1993 8.86 9.07 7.67 - 7.12 1994 9.00 9.21 7.92 - 7.17 1995 9.23 9.62 8.16 - 7.26 1996 9.52 9.79 8.18 - 7.62 1997 9.83 9.96 8.67 - 7.90 1998 10.06 10.18 9.09 - 8.24 1999 10.31 10.61 9.77 - 8.61 2000 10.81 10.95 9.98 $10.79 9.04 2001 11.32 11.61 10.18 11.84 9.67 2002 11.64 11.86 10.24 11.02 9.92 2003 11.89 12.03 10.81 11.89 10.03 2004 12.02 12.16 10.88 11.90 10.02 2005 12.16 12.47 10.90 12.75 10.19 2006 12.68 12.88 11.42 13.18 10.84 2007 12.95 13.22 11.57 13.22 11.07 2008 13.46 13.85 11.99 14.03 11.83 2009 13.76 13.95 12.27 14.01 11.92 2010 13.76 13.97 12.16 14.11 11.73 2011 13.80 14.02 12.06 14.25 11.81 2012 13.88 14.17 12.20 14.15 11.96 2013 14.00 14.24 12.16 14.24 11.99 2014 14.39 14.86 12.21 14.66 12.38 2015 14.67 14.93 12.66 14.87 12.92 2016 14.96 15.13 13.06 15.04 13.83 2017 15.20 15.79 13.34 16.65 14.37 2018 16.01 16.53 14.22 16.69 15.01 2019 16.76 17.10 14.98 17.22 15.25 2020 17.75 17.98 15.88 18.04 16.24 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Technical Notes The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provide information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau using a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible households representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The survey data on earnings are based on one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and unincorporated, are excluded from the data presented in this report. The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can help explain earnings differences. This includes the direct comparisons of earnings levels among demographic groups and the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios (that is, women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s) shown in the tables. For example, the overall ratio of women’s-to-men’s earnings for full-time workers presented here is not controlled for differences in important determinants of earnings such as age, occupation, and educational attainment. The earnings comparisons in this report are not restricted to workers with otherwise comparable characteristics and comparable jobs. Even controlling for one of the factors may not fully explain earnings differences. Comparisons of women’s and men’s earnings by detailed occupation, for example, are not simultaneously controlled for differences in key factors such as age, job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization. Material in this report is in the public domain and may be used without permission. Information in this report will be made available upon request to individuals with sensory impairments. Voice telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877-8339. Concepts and definitions The principal concepts and definitions used in this report are described briefly below. Wage and salary workers are people age 16 and older who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payments in kind, or piece rates on their sole or principal job. This group includes employees in both the public and private sectors. All self-employed workers are excluded whether or not their businesses are incorporated. Full-time workers are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work 35 hours or more per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment. Part-time workers are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment. Usual weekly earnings reflect earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Before 1994, survey respondents were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is determined by each respondent’s own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Median earnings reflect the midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of the workers having earnings above the median and the other half having earnings below the median. This applies to both usual weekly and hourly earnings estimates. The BLS procedure for estimating the median of a weekly earnings distribution places each reported or calculated weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around a multiple of $50. Similarly, for hourly earnings, medians are calculated based on earnings distributions using $0.50-wide intervals that are centered around multiples of $0.50. In both cases, the median is calculated through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies. Changes over time in the medians for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated for the overall median boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows: There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the median earnings of 16- to 24-year-olds, and 25 years and older may rise. However, if the lower earning 16-to-24 age group accounts for a greatly increased share of the total, the overall median could actually fall. There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a median boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values, such as $700 or $800. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster tends to change more slowly than one in other intervals. Consider, for example, the calculation of the median for a multipeaked earnings distribution that shifts over time. As this distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the same rate. Specifically, the median takes relatively more time to move through a frequently reported earnings interval, but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians mitigate such irregular movements; however, users should be cautious of these effects when evaluating short-term changes in the medians and in ratios of the medians. Workers paid hourly rates are employed wage and salary workers who report that they are paid by the hour on their job. Typically, workers who are paid an hourly wage have made up approximately 60 percent of all wage and salary workers. Estimates of workers paid by the hour include both full- and part-time workers unless otherwise specified. Hourly earnings data are for wage and salary workers who are paid by the hour and pertain to earnings from a person’s sole or principal job. Hourly earnings for hourly paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received. Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage include only workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other nonhourly paid workers are excluded, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, would be at or below the federal minimum wage. The estimates of workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage in this report are based solely on whether the hourly wage they report (which does not include overtime pay, tips, or commissions) is at or below the federal minimum wage. Some respondents might round hourly earnings when answering survey questions. As a result, some workers might report having hourly earnings above or below the federal minimum wage when, in fact, they earn the minimum wage. Some workers who reported earnings below the prevailing federal minimum wage may not be covered by federal or state minimum wage laws because of exclusions and exemptions in the statutes. Thus, the presence of workers with hourly earnings below the federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or state statutes in cases where such standards apply. The CPS does not include questions on whether workers are covered by the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA or by individual state or local minimum wage laws. The estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because there are data quality concerns associated with constructing such an estimate. Regular collection of earnings data in the basic CPS began in 1979. The prevailing federal minimum wage from 1979 to the present is as follows, with the last change occurring in 2009. Federal minimum wage Effective date $2.90 January 1, 1979 $3.10 January 1, 1980 $3.35 January 1, 1981 $3.80 April 1, 1990 $4.25 April 1, 1991 $4.75 October 1, 1996 $5.15 September 1, 1997 $5.85 July 24, 2007 $6.55 July 24, 2008 $7.25 July 24, 2009 When the minimum wage has increased during a given year, the annual average estimates of the number of minimum wage workers reflect both minimum wage levels in effect during the year. For example, data for 2007 reflect the number of workers who earned the federal minimum wage of $5.15 for January to July and the number of workers who earned the minimum wage of $5.85 for August to December. Race is reported by the household survey respondent. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget standards, White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in these categories are those who selected that race group only. People who identify more than one race are tabulated separately in the category Two or More Races. Before 2003, people identified one group as their main race. For more information on the 2003 changes to questions on race, see “Revisions to the Current Population Survey Effective in January 2003.” Data for other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders—and for people of Two or More Races are included in totals but not separately identified in this report because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of acceptable reliability. Hispanic or Latino ethnicity refers to people who identified themselves in the survey process as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. People who identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race and are included in estimates for the race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) in addition to being shown separately. Married, spouse present refers to people in either opposite-sex or same-sex marriages living together in the same household, even though one spouse may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons. Other marital status refers to people who never married; and those who are widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent. Separated includes people with legal separations, those living apart with intentions of obtaining a divorce, and other people permanently or temporarily separated because of marital discord. Married, spouse absent, includes married people living apart because either the husband or wife was employed and living at a considerable distance from home, was serving away from home in the Armed Forces, had moved to another area, or had a different place of residence for any other reason except those listed in the separated definition above. Inflation-adjusted earnings shown in this report use the Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) to convert current dollars to constant, or inflation-adjusted, dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these improvements make the CPI more accurate, the histories of official CPI series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many researchers need a historical series that measures price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate of the CPI that incorporates most of the methodological improvements made since 1978 into the entire series. For further information, see the CPI research series webpage. This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS available at the time of production. Users should note that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the rate of inflation incorporated into the inflation-adjusted median earnings estimates in this report may differ from the rate used in previous reports in this series or in other publications. Reliability Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.645 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. Readers should be aware that because of sampling error, apparent differences between estimates for two or more groups or categories may not be statistically significant, and therefore not meaningfully different from one another. Standard errors are shown with many of the median earnings estimates in this report to help readers evaluate differences in earnings estimates. The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Further information about the reliability of data from the CPS is available on the CPS Technical Documentation page of the BLS website. U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Division of Information and Marketing Services PSB Suite 2850 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE Washington, DC 20212-0001 Telephone:1-202-691-5200 Telecommunications Relay Service:7-1-1 www.bls.gov/OPUB Contact Us
@FedFRASER